DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

JOHN BARTON PAYNE, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 451

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1917

PART I. NORTH ATLANTIC SLOPE DRAINAGE BASINS

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer

C. H. PIERCE. C. C. COVERT, and G. C. STEYENS, District Engineers

Prepared in cooperation with the States of 

MAINE, VERMONT. MASSACHUSETTS, and NEW TORE

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1920
DEPARTMENT OP THE INTERIOR

JOHN BARTON PAYNE, Secretary

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, Director

Water-Supply Paper 451

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1917

PART I. NORTH ATLANTIC SLOPE DRAINAGE BASINS

NATHAN C. GROVER, Chief Hydraulic Engineer

C. H. PIERCE, C. C. COVERT, and G. C. STEVENS, District

Prepared in cooperation with the States of 

MAINE, VERMONT, MASSACHUSETTS, and NEW YORK

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OPPIOE 

1920
CONTENTS.

Page.

Authorization and scope of work........................................... 7

Definition of terms....................................................... 8

Explanation of data...................................................... 9

Accuracy of field data and computed records............................... 10

Cooperation.............................................................. 11

Division of work.......................................................... 11

Gaging station records.................................................... 12

St. John River basin................................................... 12

St. John River at Van Buren, Maine................................ 12

Machias River basin.................................................. 14

Machias River at WHtneyville, Maine.............................. 14

Union River basin..................................................... 16

West Branch of Union River at Amherst, Maine.................... 16

Penobscot River basin................................................ 18

West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinocket, Maine.............. 18

West Branch of Penobscot River near Medway, Maine.............. 19

Penobscot River at West Enfield, Maine............................ 21

East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Maine.............. 23

Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine...................... 25

Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine............................ 27

Passadumkeag River at Lowell, Maine.............................. 29

Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine........................... 31

Kennebec River basin................................................ 33

Moosehead Lake at east outlet, Maine............................... 33

Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine............................... 34

Dead River at The Forks, Maine.................................. 35

Sebasticook River at Pittsfield, Maine............................. 37

Androscoggin River basin............................................. 39

Androscoggin River at Errol dam, N. H............................. 39

Androscoggin River at Berlin, N. H............................... 40

Androscoggin River at Rumford Falls, Maine........................ 42

Magalloway River at Aziscohos dam, Maine......................... 43

Little Androscoggin River near South Paris, Maine................. 44

Presumpscot River basin............................................... 46

Presumpscot River at outlet of Sebago Lake, Maine................ 46

Saco River basin..................................................... 47

Saco River at Cornish, Maine....................................... 47

Ossipee River at Cornish, Maine.................................... 49

Merrimack River basin............................................... 51

Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N. H...................... 51

Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass............................... 53

Souhegan River at Merrimack, N. H................................ 55

South Branch of Nashua River basin near Clinton, Mass............. 57

Sudbury River and Lake Cochituate basins near Framingham and

Cochituate, Mass................................................ 58
4 , CONTENTS.

Gaging station records Continued. Page.

Connecticut River basin................................................ 61

Connecticut River at First Lake, near Pittsburg, N. H ............. 61

Connecticut River at Orford, N. H.................................. 63

Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass.............................. 65

Passumpsic River at Pierce's mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt.......... 67

White River at West Hartford,.Vt.................................. 69

Ashuelot River at Hinsdale, N. H................................... 71

Millers River near Winchendon, Mass................................. 73

Millers River at Erving, Mass....................................... 75

Sip Pond Brook near Winchendon, Mass............................ 77

Priest Brook near Winchendon, Mass............................... 79

Otter River near Gardner, Mass.................................... 81

East Branch of Tully River near Athol, Mass......................... 83

Moss Brook at Wendell Depot, Mass................................ 85

Deerfield River at Charlemont, Mass................................ 87

Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass.................... '. ............. 89

Swift River at West Ware, Mass.................................... 91

Quaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass............................. 94

Westfield River at Rnightville, Mass ............................... 96

Westfield River near Westfield, Mass................................ 98

Middle Branch of Westfield River at Goss Heights, Mass............. 100

Westfield Little River near Westfield, Mass.......................... 102

Borden Brook near Westfield, Mass................................. 104

Farmington River near New Boston, Mass........................... 105

Housatonic River basin................................................. 107

Housatonic River near Great Barrington, Mass...................... 107

Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn............................ 109

Pomperaug River at Bennetts Bridge, Conn......................... Ill

Hudson River basin.................................................... 112

Hudson River near Indian Lake, N. Y............................. 112

Hudson River at North Creek, N. Y................................. 114

Hudson River at Thurman, N. Y.................................... 116

Hudson River at Spier Falls, N. Y................................. 118

Hudson River at Mechanicville, N. Y.............................. 120

Cedar River near Indian Lake, N. Y................................ 121

Indian Lake reservoir at Indian Lake, N. Y. ......................... 123

Indian River near Indian Lake, N. Y............................... 125

Schroon River at Riverbank, N. Y.................................. 127

Sacandaga River near Hope, N. Y................................... 129

Sacandaga River at Hadley, N. Y.................................. 131

Hoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. Y.............................. 133

Mohawk River at Vischer Ferry dam, N. Y.......................... 135

Delaware River basin................................................... 137

East Branch of Delaware River at Fish Eddy, N. Y.................. 137

Delaware River at Port Jervis, N. Y................................ 139

Delaware River at Riegelsville, N. J................................ 140

Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y................................... 142

West Branch of Delaware River at Hale Eddy, N. Y................. 144

Susquehanna River basin.............................................. 146

Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y................................ 146

Chenango River near Chenango Forks, N. Y........................ 148

Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y................................. 150
CONTENTS. 5

Gaging station records Continued. Page.

Patuxent River basin................................................... 152

Patuxent River near Burtonsville, Md.........................^.... 152

Potomac River basin................................................... 154

Potomac River at Point of Rocks, Md................................ 154

Monocacy River near Frederick, Md................................. 156

Rappahannock River basin............................................. 158

Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Va...................... 158

Miscellaneous measurements...................__.......................... 160

Index.................................................................... 161

Appendix: Gaging stations and publications relating to water resources........ I

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page. 

PLATE I. A, Price current meters; B, Typical gaging station. . .............. 8

II. Water-stage recorders: A, Stevens continuous; B, Gurley printing;

C,Friez.... ................................................... 9
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OP THE NORTH ATLANTIC 

SLOPE DRAINAGE BASINS, 1917.

AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE OP WORK.

This volume is one of a series of 14 reports presenting results of 

measurements of flow made on streams in the United States during 

the year ending September 30, 1917.

The data presented in these reports were collected by the United 

States Geological Survey under the following authority contained in 

the organic law (20 Stat. L., p. 394):

Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the Geological 

Survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

The work was begun in 1888 in connection with special studies 

relating to irrigation in the arid West. Since the fiscal year ending 

June 30, 1895, successive sundry civil bills passed by Congress have 

carried the following item and appropriations:

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and 

for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources.

Annual appropriations for the fiscal years ending June SO, 1895-1917.

1895....................................................... $12,500

1896....................................................... 20,000

1897 to 1900, inclusive....................................... 50,000

1901 to 1902, inclusive....................................... 100,000

1903 to 1906,inclusive........................................ 200,000

1907......................................................... 150,000

1908 to 1910, inclusive....................................... 100,000

1911 to 1917, inclusive....................................... 150,000

In the execution of the work many private and State organizations

have cooperated, either by furnishing data or by assisting in collecting

data. Acknowledgments for cooperation of the first kind are made

in connection with the description of each station affected; coopera-

*tion of the second kind is acknowledged on page 11.

Measurements of stream flow have been made at about 4,240 points 

in the United States and also at many points in Alaska and the 

Hawaiian Islands. In July, 1917, 1,180 gaging stations were being 

maintained by the Survey and the cooperating organizations. Many 

miscellaneous discharge measurements are made at other points. In

7
8 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1917, PAET I.

connection with this work data were also collected in regard to precipitation, evaporation, storage reservoirs, river profiles, and water 

power in many sections of the country and will be made available in 

water-supply papers from time to time. Information in regard to 

publications relating to water resources is presented in the appendix 

to this report.

DEFINITION OF TERMS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups (1) those that represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miners' inches, and discharge in secondfeet per square mile, and (2) those that represent the actual quantity 

of water, as run-off in depth in inches, acre-feet, and millions of 

cubic feet. The principal terms used in this series of reports are 

second-feet, second-feet per square mile, run-off in inches, and acrefeet. They may be defined as follows:

"Second-feet" is an abbreviation for "cubic feet per second." 

A second-foot is the rate of discharge of water flowing in a channel 

of rectangular cross section 1 foot wide and 1 foot deep at an average 

velocity of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental 

unit from which others are computed.

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, 

on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

"Run-off (depth in inches)" is the depth to which an area would 

be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for comparing run-off 

with rainfall, which is usually expressed hi depth in inches.

An "acre-foot," equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, is the quantity required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is commonly 

used in connection with storage for irrigation.

The following terms not in common use are here defined:

"Stage-discharge relation;" an abbreviation for the term "relation 

of gage height to discharge."

"Control;" a term used to designate the section or sections of the 

stream below the gage which determine the stage-discharge relation 

at the gage. It should be noted that the control may not be the same 

section or sections at all stages.

The "point of zero flow" for a gaging station is that point on the 

gage the gage height to which the surface of the river would fall if 

there were no flow.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 451 PLATE I

A. PRICE CURRENT METERS.

B. TYPICAL GAGING STATION.
U. 6. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 451 PLATE II

A. STEVENS CONTINUOUS. B. GURLEY PRINTING. 

WATER-STAGE RECORDERS.

C. FRIEZ.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, IftlT, PART I. 9 

EXPLANATION OF DATA.

The data presented in this report cover the year beginning October 

1,1916, and ending September 30,1917. At the beginning of January 

in most parts of the United States much of the precipitation in the 

preceding three months is stored as ground water, in the form of snow 

or ice, or in ponds, lakes, and swamps, and this stored water passes off 

in the streams during the spring break-up. At the end of September, 

on the other hand, the only stored water available for run-off is 

possibly a small quantity in the ground; therefore the run-off for the 

year beginning October 1 is practically all derived from precipitation 

within that year.

The base data collected at gaging stations consist of records of 

stage, measurements of discharge, and general information used to 

supplement the gage heights and discharge measurements in determining the daily flow. The records of stage are obtained either from 

direct readings on a staff gage or from a water-stage recorder that 

gives a continuous record of the fluctuations. Measurements of discharge are made with a current meter. % (See Pis. I, II.) The general 

methods are outlined in standard textbooks on the measurement of 

river discharge.

From the discharge measurements rating tables are prepared that 

give the discharge for any stage, and these rating tables, when applied 

to the gage heights, give the discharge from which the daily, monthly, 

and yearly mean discharge is determined.

The data presented for each gaging station in the area covered by 

this report comprise a description of the station, a table giving results 

of discharge measurements, a table showing the daily discharge of 

the stream, and a table of monthly and yearly discharge and run-off.

If the base data are insufficient to determine the daily discharge, 

tables giving daily gage heights and results of discharge measurements are published.

The description of the station gives, in addition to statements 

regarding location and equipment, information in regard to any conditions that may affect the constancy of the stage-discharge relation, 

covering such subjects as the occurrence of ice, the use of the stream 

for log driving, shifting of control, and the.cause and effect of backwater; it gives also information as to diversions that decrease the 

flow at the gage, artificial regulation, maximum and minimum 

recorded stages, and the accuracy of the records.

The table of daily discharge gives, in general, the discharge in 

second-feet corresponding to the mean of the gage heights read each 

day. At stations on streams subject to sudden or rapid diurnal 

fluctuations the discharge obtained from the rating table and the mean 

daily gage height may not be the true mean discharge for the day.
10 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

If such stations are equipped with water-stage recorders the mean 

daily discharge may be obtained by averaging discharge at regular 

intervals during the day or by using the discharge integrator, an 

instrument operating on the principle of the planimeter and containing as an essential element the rating curve of the station.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was 

highest. As the gage height is the mean for the day it does not 

indicate correctly the stage when the water surface was at crest 

height and the corresponding discharge was consequently larger than 

given in the maximum column. Likewise, in the column headed 

"Minimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the day when 

the mean gage height was lowest. The column headed ' 'Mean " is the 

average flow in cubic feet for each second during the month. On this 

average flow computations recorded in the remaining columns, which 

are defined on page 8, are based.

ACCURACY OP FIEIJ> DATA AND COMPUTED RESULTS.

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily (1) on the 

permanence of the stage-discharge relation and (2) on the accuracy of 

observation of stage, measurements of flow, and interpretation of 

records.

A paragraph in the description of the station or footnotes added to 

the tables gives information regarding the (1) permanence of the 

stage-discharge relation, (2) precision with which the discharge rating 

curve is defined, (3) refinement of gage readings, (4) frequency of 

gage readings, and (5) methods of applying daily gage heights to the 

rating table to obtain the daily discharge.1

For the rating tables "well defined" indicates, in general, that the 

rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly well defined," 

within 10 per cent; "poorly defined," within 15 to 25 per cent. 

These notes are very general and are based on the plotting of the 

individual measurements with reference to the mean rating curve.

The monthly means for any station may represent with high accuracy the quantity of water flowing past the gage, but the figures 

showing discharge per square mile and depth of run-off in inches 

may be subject to gross errors caused by the inclusion of large noncontributing districts in the measured drainage area, by lack of 

information concerning water diverted for irrigation or other use, 

or by inability to interpret the effect of artificial regulation of the 

flow of the river above the station. "Second-feet per square mile" 

and "Run-off (depth in inches)" are therefore not computed if such 

errors appear probable. The computations are also omitted for

1 For a more detailed discussion of the accuracy of stream-flow data see Grover, N. C., and Hoyt, J. C. 

Accuracy of stream-flow data: U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 400, pp. 53-59,1916.
DIVISION OF WORK. 11

stations on streams draining areas in which the annual rainfall is less 

than 20 inches. All figures representing "second-feet per square 

mile" and "run-off (depth in inches)" previously published by the 

Survey should be used with caution because of possible inherent 

sources of error not known to the Survey.

The table of monthly discharge gives only a general idea of the 

flow at the station and should not be used for other than preliminary 

estimates; the tables of daily discharge allow more detailed studies 

of the variation in flow. It should be borne in mind, however, that 

the observations in each succeeding year may be expected to throw 

new light on data previously published.

COOPERATION.

The hydrometric work in Maine was carried on in cooperation with 

the public utilities commission, Benjamin F. Cleaves, chairman, and 

Paul L. Bean, chief engineer.

In Vermont the work was carried on in cooperation with the State, 

which was represented by Horace F. Graham, governor, and Herbert 

M. Mclntosh, State engineer.

The work in Massachusetts was carried on in cooperation with the 

Commonwealth, Samuel W. McCall, governor, and John N. Cole, 

chairman, commission on waterways and public lands.

Financial assistance has been rendered by the New England Power 

Co., the Turners Falls Power & Electric Co., the Connecticut Valley 

Lumber Co., the Holyoke Water Power Co., the International Paper 

Co., the Connecticut Power Co., and the W. H. McElwain Co.

Work in the State of New York has been conducted under cooperative agreements with the State engineer and surveyor and, since 

July 1, 1911, with the division of waters of the State conservation 

commission.

The water-stage recorder on Hudson River, at Spier Falls, N. Y., 

was inspected by an employee of the Adirondack Electric Power 

Corporation, Glens Falls, N. Y.

The station on Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Va., was 

maintained in cooperation with the Spottsylvania Power Co.

DIVISION OF WOBK.

The data for stations in New England were collected and prepared 

for publication under the direction of C. H. Pierce, district engineer. 

The work in Maine was under the immediate supervision of G. C. Danforth, assistant engineer of the public utilities commission, who was 

assisted by E. W. Conners and F. E. Pressey. The other assistants 

in New England were Hardin Thweatt, H. W. Fear, M. R. Stackpole, 

and Hope Hearn.
12 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Data for stations in New York were collected and prepared for publication under the direction of C. C. Covert, district engineer, who was 

assisted by O. W. Hartwell, E. D. Burchard, A. H. Davison, W. A. 

James, and Helen Kinney.

For stations in New Jersey, Maryland, and Virginia, the data were 

collected and prepared for publication under the direction of G. C. 

Stevens, district engineer, who was assisted by H. J. Jackson, B. L. 

Hopkins, M. I. Walters, and J. W. Moulton.

The manuscript was assembled and reviewed by W. E. Dickinson.

GAGING-STATION RECORDS. 

ST. JOHN RIVER BASIN.

ST. JOHN RIVER AT VAN BTTREN, MAINE.

LOCATION. At international bridge at Van Buren, Aroostook County, about 14 

milea above Grand Falls.

DRAINAGE AREA. 8,270 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 4, 1908, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Gage used since May 6, 1912, painted vertically on second pier from Van 

Buren end of bridge; zero of gage, 407.69 feet above sea level. From 1908 to 

1911 stage was read on a vertical rod attached to pier of sawdust carrier of Hammond's mill, about 700 feet below international bridge, but as published, readings are reduced to datum of bridge gage. Gage read by W. H. Scott.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from international bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Control practically permanent. Banks high, rocky, 

cleared, and not subject to overflow except in very high freshets.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 22.8 feet at 7 

a. m. June 20 (discharge, 92,700 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.4 feet 

at 8 a. m. September 30 (discharge, 1,740 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice, usually from December to 

March; estimates based on gage heights at Grand Falls and rating curve derived 

from measurements at Van Buren.

REGULATION. The little storage above for log driving probably does not materially 

affect the flow.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected 

by ice. Rating curve well defined. Gage read to tenths twice daily. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily-gage height to rating table. Records 

good.

COOPERATION. Winter-gage heights at Grand Falls furnished by H. S. Ferguson, 

consulting engineer.

No discharge measurements were made at this station during the year ending September 30, 1917.
ST. JOHN EIVEE BASIN. 13

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. John River at Van Bwen, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 80, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15 ..

W... ...........

17..............

18..............

19..............

20

n... ...........

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

28

29.............. 

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

2,040

2,200

3,250

3,640

3,440

3,060

2,880

2,360

2,360

2,360

2,360

2,360

2,700

3,250

4,260

5,140

6,620

8,470

9,760

11,600

14,500

19,200

20,800

18,500

16,300

13,900

12,200

11,100

10,600 

9,500 

8,980

Nov.

8,470

8,470

8,470

7,970

7,720

7,480

7,240

7,000

6,280

6,280

6,050

6,050

5,820

5,610

4,990

4,330

3,420

3,420

3,580

4,240

4,160

3,350

3,580

4,160

5,090

3,990

2 fidfl

3,660

4,890 

3,660

Dec.

8,150

10,700

11,000

11,800

12,500

13,300

14,900

14,900

14,500

14,100

13.100

10,800

8,310

7,400

7,140

7,400

6,840

6,970

6,840

7,840

8,310

8,150

8,310

8,150

6,570

6,440

6,190

6,070

5,840 

5,720 

6,320

Jan.

6,320

6,070

5,720

5,950

5,610

5,610

5,190

5,090

4,990

4,990

4,800

4,420

4,420

4,330

4,330

4,600

4,800

4,800

4,800

4,600

4,600

4,240

4,080

3,990

3,900

3,820

3 7An

3,580

3,580 

3,420 

3,280

Feb.

3,280

3,200

3,120

3,120

2,980

2,980

2,840

2,840

2,770

2,700

2,580

2,580

2,460

2,360

2,460

2,360

2,360

2,360

2,300

2,360

2,300

2,240

2,240

2,240

2,360

2,300

2

QrtA

2,240

Mar.

2,190

2,140

2,240

2,300

2,300

2,360

2,360

2,360

2,300

2,300

2,360

2,460

2,410

2,460

2,460

2,360

2,360

2,360

2,300

2,360

2,300

2,240

2,240

2,240

2,360

2,300

2

0Aft

2,240

2,190 

2,140 

1,930

Apr.

5,090

5,090

5,290

5,610

6,070

7,250

8,960

12,500

12,900

13,100

12,900

13,500

14,500

15,500

17,400

18,700

19,200

21,000

22,800

27,200

30,200

32,600

59,200

70,800

72,600

69,000

64,200

63,000

60,800 

58,000

May.

59,200

63,000

66,600

65,400

61,900

57,500

54,500

55,500

56,500

57,500

60,800

64,200

69,000

73,800

75,000

74,400

69,600

61,900

58,600

59,700

61,900

61,900

59,700

59,200

59,700

60,800

56,500

52,500

47,500 

43,500 

41,500

June.

39,600

36,800

35,000

34,100

33,600

34,100

33,200

31,500

29,400

28,200

27,800

31,500

48,500

61,400

57,000

52,500

48,000.

59,700

84,900

91,400

81,000

69,000

57,500

48,500

39,600

33,200

on rtnn

27,400

25,500 

24,400

July.

24,400

29,000

31,100

25,900

22,900

20,500

19,200

17,200

16,300

15,700

15,100

15,100

16,000

16,300

16,300

15,700

15,100

14,500

14,500

13,900

13,000

12,500

12,800

14,500

14,200

12,800

11,400

10,000

8,980 

7,970 

7,480

 Aug.

7,240

6,760

11,900

13,300

11,100

9,500

7,970

7,000

6,520

6,520

7,970

8,470

8,980

8,220

7,240

6,280

5,590

5,590

6,520

7,480

7.720

7,240

7,000

6,520

6,520

6,520

6,520

6,520

6,520 

5,820 

5,590

Sept.

5,590

5,140

5,140

5,590

5,140

5,140

4,700

4,480

4,050

3,^40

3,640

3,440

3,440

3,060

3,060

2,700

2,530

2,530

2,530

2,360

2,360

2,360

2,200

2,360

2,360

2,040

1,890

1,890

1,740 

1,740

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 14 to Apr. 22; discharged determined by use of 

gage heights at Grand Falls.

Monthly discharge of St. John River at Van Buren, Maine, for the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 8,270 square miles.]

Month.

March. . . . ......... . ....

July...........................................

August........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

20,800 

8,470 

14,900 

6,320 

3,280 

2,460 

72,600 

75.000 

91,400 

31,100 

13/300 

5,590

91,400

Minimum.

2,040 

2,640 

5,720 

3,280 

2,240 

1,930 

5,090 

41,500 

24,400 

7,480 

5,590 

1,740

1,740

Mean.

7,730 

5,400 

9,180 

4,630 

2,580 

2,300 

28,200 

60,300 

44,400 

16,100 

7,500 

3,300

16,000

Per

square 

mile.

0.935 

.653 

1.U 

.560 

.312 

.278 

3.41 

7.29 

5.37 

1.95 

.907 

.399

1.93

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.08 

.73 

1.28 

.65 

.32 

.32 

3.80 

8.40 

5.99 

2.25 

1.05 

.46

26.33
14 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

MACHIAS RIVER BASIN. 

MACH1AS RIVER AT WHITNEYVILLE, MAINE.

LOCATION. At a wooden highway bridge in Whitneyville, Washington County, 

200 feet below a storage dam, 4 miles above Machias.

DRAINAGE AREA. 465 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 17, 1903, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain installed on the wooden highway bridge October 10, 1911; prior to 

October 3, 1905, chain gage on the Washington County railroad bridge, threefourths of a mile downstream; October 3, 1905, to October 9, 1911, staff gage on 

highway bridge at datum of present chain gage. Gage read by I. S. Albee.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from railroad bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.8 feet at 

3.45 p. m. June 18 (discharge by extension of rating curve, 6,800 second-feet); 

minimum stage recorded during year, 3.4 feet several times in November (discharge, 221 second-feet).

ICE. River usually remains open at the gage, but ice farther downstream occasionally 

affects the stage-discharge relation.

REGULATION. Opening and closing of gates in storage dam immediately above station 

each day during low stages of the river cause considerable fluctuation; some log 

driving every year and jams of short duration occasionally occur.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected 

by ice. Rating curve fairly well defined between 100 and 4,000 second-feet. 

Gage read to half-tenths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

rating table to mean daily gage height. Records fair.

Discharge measurements of Machias River at Whitneyville, Maine, during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Feb. 19 May 4

31

Made by 

E . "W. Conners. ...........................................................

height.

Feet. 

o4.80

7.02

7.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

542

2,720

2,850

<» Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
MACHIAS RIVER BASIN. 15

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Machias River at Whitneyville, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..........!...

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

412

412

464

464

412

412

412

412

412

412

464

464

517

517

517

517

517

626

1,100

1,860

1,460

626

571

571

571

626

626

626

571

571

Nov.

544

517

464

464

464

412

362

314

267

267

267

267

244

221

221

221

221

221

221

221

221

1,040

1 860

1,380

740

682

682

Dec.

800

1,780

1,360

1,710

1,040

1,100

981

860

800

682

626

517

626

740

800

860

800

682

626

1 460

2^750

2,480

1,940

1,700

1,620

1,620

1,620

1,540

Jan.

1,380

1,240

1,100

1,380

1 *\A.(\

1,540

1,460

i afin

1,460

1 540 1' >ufi

1,540

3

-IKft,

3,050

2,950

2,480

2,210

1,700

1,620

1 540

l'460

1,380

1,310

1,310

1,310

1,240

1,100

980

860

Feb.

860

860

860

860

860

860

Q9fl

920

682

682

682

682

626

626

571

544

544

KAA

tlAA

517

517

C17

517

517

C17

517

800

Rfifl

Mar.

860

800

740

626

626

626

626

682

740

800

740

711

682

626

626

626

626

626

626

626

626

626

740

Q9n

1,700

1 940

2' 570

3,750

4,150

4,580

Apr.

3,750

2,950

2,480

2,750

3,350

4,050

4,800

5,020

4,580

3,350

2 Q!tf1

O fifirt

2,660

2,750

2,850

2

QEft

3, 050

3,150

3,350

3,450

3,550

3,550

3,550

3,450

3,350

3,050

2,660

2,480

2,390

2,210

May.

2,210

2 QQft

2,570

2,750

2,570

2,210

1

7Qrt

1,700

1,780

2,210

2,750

3

0 eft

2,950

2,480

2,210

1,860

1,540

1,170

1,310

1,240

1,240

1,240

1,310

1,460

1,620

1,780

1,860

1,940

2,030

2,210

2,850

June.

2,950

2,950

2,850

2,750

2,570

2,480

2,120

1,860

1,620

1,860

2,390

4,800

6,450

4,910

4,250

2,750

3,750

6,780

6,670

5,130

4,250

3,050

2,750

2,570

2,480

2,480

1,940

1,620

1,620

1,540

July.

1,540

1,540

1,380

1,100

980

860

682

626

571

517

517

682

860

920

980

980

920

860

740

682

682

682

682

654

626

626

626

626

682

682

682

Aug.

711

740

740

740

682

626

571

517

464

517

2,210

2,030

1,620

1,240

1,040

860

626

517

626

860

920

1,040

980

860

800

800

860

920

800

740

740

Sept.

800

800

770

740

682

626

571

571

626

654

682

682

517

464

412

362

362

338

314

290

267

267

314

314

338

362

387

412

412

412

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from Jan. 29 to Mar. 31; discharge estimated from gage 

heights, 1 discharge measurement, observer's notes, and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Machias River at Whitneyville, Maine, for the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

[Drainage area, 465 square miles.]

Month.

December. ....................................

March

April..........................................

Mav... ........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,860 

1,860 

2,750 

3,150 

920 

4,580 

5,020 

3,350 

6,780 

1,540 

.2,210 

800

6,780

Minimum.

412 

221 

517 

860 

517 

626 

2,210 

1,170 

1,540 

.517 

464 

267

221

Mean.

- 600 

476 

1,220 

1,580 

679 

1,160 

3,240 

2,020 

3,210 

812 

884 

492

1,360

Per 

square 

mile.

1.29 

1.02 

2.62 

3.40 

1.46 

2.49 

6.97 

4.34 

6.90 

1.75 

1.90 

1.06

2.92

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.49 

1.14 

3.02 

3.92 

1.52 

2.87 

7.78 

5.00 

7.70 

2.02 

2.19 

1.18

39.83
16 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART I.

UNION RIVER BASIN. 

WEST BRANCH OF UNION RIVER AT AMHERST, MAINE.

LOCATION. At highway bridge three-quarters of a mile west of Amherst post office, 

Hancock County, on road to Bangor, about a mile below highway bridge at old 

tannery dam.

DRAINAGE AREA. 140 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 25, 1909, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain, installed June 2, 1910, at same datum as old vertical gage nailed to 

log abutment; read by Mrs. Emma Sumner.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from downstream side of the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; unlikely to change except in unusual flood.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage recorded during year, 12.25 

feet at 8 a. m. April 7 (discharge, 1,940 second-feet); a stage of 13.5 feet was recorded March 29, but the stage-discharge relation was affected by ice at the time; 

minimum stage recorded during year, 5.6 feet several times in October, August, 

and September (discharge, 55 second-feet).

ICE. Surface ice forms to a considerable thickness and anchor ice is found at the 

measuring section; stage-discharge relation seriously affected.

REGULATION. Regimen of stream only slightly affected by the operation of the few 

log-driving dams above the station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation- practically permanent except as affected by 

backwater from ice and occasional log jams. Rating curve well denned below 

1,100 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily except from January 3 

to April 4, when it was read twice daily three days a week. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying rating table to mean daily gage height. Records fair.

Discharge measurements of West Branch of Union River at Amherst, Maine, during the

year ending Sept. 30. 1917.

Date.

Dec. 30

Feb. 21

Made by 

E. W. Conners. ..........................................................

.....do................................................'....................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

a 10. 10

a8.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

247

95

593

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
UNION RIVER BASIN.. 17

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Union River at Aniherst, Maine, for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

99

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

v\

Zl.. ............

Oct.

83

72

72

63

55

55

55

55

72

68

55

55

55

72

72

63

85

55

190

347

347

ooc

284

96

OQft

208

173

140

125

125

Nov.

125

103

110

110

110

103

96

83

83

83

83

78

78

72

68

68

68

68

68

68

68

78

72

78

325

438

347

226

04. c

Dec.

392

580

632

532

605

630

605

556

556

532

461

461

438

392

358

347

336

314

304

304

347

532

532

461

415

OQO

Q47

325

284

284

Jan.

140

140

140

156

173

190

190

100

173

103

110

245

325

284

264

245

226

208

1QQ

190

190

182

190

208

199

190

Feb.

190

182

173

173

173

140

110

110

110

110

103

96

96

103

110

110

96

96

 96

90

Qfi

83

110

132

1 ej»

140

Mar.

125

132

140

132

125

118

110

118

125

140

140

125

125

125

132

132

140

156

173

156

100

199

226

347

580

710

con

930

1,000

1,070

Apr.

1,220

1,370

1,560

1,720

966

1,370

1 880

1 onn

1,520

1,440

1,330

1,250

1,220

1,220

1,220

1,180

1,250

1,330

1,370

1 KCA

1,520

1,480

1,400

1 OKA

1,150

1,040

930

May.

798

768

738

738

682

682

682

630

556

738

896

896

830

798

798

738

656

580

484

461

438

41 f;

415

415

392

369

347

325

347

438

461

June.

438

415

393

392

370

370

370

370

347

369

605

930

1,000

930

862

830

966

1 800

l'370

1,250

1,180

862

798

682

580

484

438

415

438

July.

438

392

392

347

347

254

217

190

173

156

156

190

199

190

173

173

148

140

125

118

110

103

110

118

110

96

96

96

96

304

236

Aug.

208

304

254

226

226

190

156

118

110

284

369

304

304

190

110

63

55

63

83

90

110

83

96

118

103

83

72

72

on

90

Sept.

83

83

83

132

245

140

72

63

55

63

63

63

72

63

63

63

63

'63 63

68

72

72

63

63

63

72

59

55

55

55

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 15 to Apr. 3; discharge ascertained from gage 

heights, two discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records; affected by log jams Apr. 

20-25, and discharge determined by comparison with near-by streams. Discharge estimated June 5-7 

when gage was removed for repairs to bridge.

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Union River at Amherst, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 140 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

347 

438 

630 

369 

190 

1,070 

1,880 

896 

1,800 

438 

369 

245

1,880

Minimum.

55 

68 

284 

103 

83 

110 

930 

325 

347 

96 

55 

55

55

Mean.

126 

128 

437 

197 

121 

287 

1,360 

597 

710 

193 

152 

76.4

. 365

Per

square 

mile.

0.900 

.914 

3.12 

1.41 

.864 

2.05 

9.71 

4.26 

5.07 

1.38 

1.09 

.546

2.61

Bun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.04 

1.02 

3.60 

1.63 

.90 

2.36 

10.83 

4.91 

5.66 

1.59 

1.26 

.61

35.41

101860° 20 WSP 451-
18 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 191*7, PART I.

PENOBSCOT BIVEB BASIN. 

WEST BRANCH OF PENOBSCOT RIVER AT MILLINOCKET, MAINE.

LOCATION. At Quakish Lake dam and Millinocket mill of Great Northern Paper Co., 

at Millinocket, Penobscot County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,880 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 11, 1901, to September 30,1917.

GAGES. Water-stage recorder at Quakish Lake dam and gages in forebay and tailrace 

at mill.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Crest of concrete dam.

DISCHARGE. Flow computed by considering the flow over the dam, the flow through 

the wheels, and the water used through the log sluices and filters. The wheels 

were rated at Holyoke, Mass., before being placed in position and were tested 

later by numerous tube-float and current-meter measurements. When the flow 

of the river is less than 2,500 second-feet, all the water generally flows through 

the wheels of the mill.

ICE. Determination of discharge not seriously affected by ice; Ferguson Pond, just 

above entrance to canal, eliminates effect from anchor ice.

REGULATION. Dams at outlets of North Twin and Chesuncook lakes store water on a 

surface of about 65 square miles, with a capacity of about 32 billion cubic feet. 

Except during the time (usually in August) when excess water has to be supplied 

for log driving on the river below Millinocket and for a short time during the 

spring freshet, run-off is regulated by storage. Records corrected for storage.

COOPERATION. Records furnished by engineers of Great Northern Paper Co.

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinocket, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 1,880 square miles.]

Month.

February. .............................................

April..................................................

July...................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Observed 

mean.

2,240 

2,250 

2,220 

2,380 

2,230 

2,590 

2,950 

7,650 

12,800 

4,720 

5,950 

2,810

4,2EO

Corrected for storage.

Mean.

1,790 

1,820 

3,560 

1,660 

828 

1,640 

7,250 

10,600 

13,300 

4,230 

5,920 

2,300

4,570

Per square 

mile.

0.952 

.968 

1.89 

.883 

.440 

.872 

3.86 

5.64 

7.04 

2.25 

3.15 

1.22

2.43

Corrected 

run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.10 

1.08 

2.18 

1.02 

.46 

1.00 

4.31 

6.50 

7.86 

2.59 

3.63 

1.36

33.09
PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN. 19

WEST BRANCH OF PENOBSCOT RIVER NEAR MEDWAY, MAINE.

LOCATION. Just above Nichatou Rapids, half a mile above mouth of East Branch 

of Penobscot River and town of Medway, Penobscot County, and 2 miles below 

East Millinocket.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,100 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 20, 1916, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage on left bank used February 20 to August 4, 1916; read by A. T. 

Read; Gurley 7-day water-stage recorder on left bank used since August 4,1916.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed fairly smooth at measuring section; covered with rocks 

and boulders above and below gage. Channel divides a few hundred feet below 

gage, but practically entire flow passes to left of Nichatou Rapids; shifts 

occasionally.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage for period of records, from water-stage 

recorder, 9.88 feet at 1 p. m., June 16, 1917 (discharge, from extension of rating 

curve, about 20,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.45 feet at 9.45 a. m., 

January 7, 1917 (discharge, 585 second-feet).

ICE. Ice forms along banks but main channel remains open; stage-discharge relation not seriously affected.

REGULATION. Flow at ordinary stages completely regulated by dams and storage 

reservoirs above station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed occasionally during high water when 

debris was removed from right side on control. Rating curve used February 

20, 1916, to June 20,1917, fairly well defined below 7,000 second-feet; curve used 

June 21 to September 30, 1917, fairly well defined between 2,000 and 7,000 

second-feet. Chain gage read to tenths once daily to August 4,1916; water-stage 

recorder used since that date. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily 

gage height to rating table until August 4, 1916; August 5 to December 23, 1916, 

May 15-19, 1917, and June 12-28, 1917, by applying to rating table the mean of 12 

bihourly gage heights, and for rest of year by discharge integrator. Records fair.

COOPERATION. Several discharge measurements made by T. W. Clark, hydraulic 

engineer, Oldtown, Maine.

Discharge measurements of West Branch of Penobscot River near Medway, Maine, during 

the year ending Sept, SO, 1917.

Date.

15

Nov. 11

Jan. 7

Made by 

.....do..................

T.W.Clark.. ..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.26

2 24

2 en

1.55

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,160

1,420

AOn

Date.

30

Made by &,

Feet.

5.21

5.22

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

5,650

5,960

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
20 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1&17, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Penobscot River near Medway, Maine, 

for the years ending Sept. 30, 1916 and 1917.

Day. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug.

9..

10.-

11..

12..

13..

14..

15..

26..

27..

28..

29..

30..

31..

1916.

2,630

2,930

2,630

2,360

2,000

2,490

2,490

2,780

2,630

2,780

2,780

1,800

2,780

2,780

2,780

2,600

2,490

2,630

2,000

2,780

2,490 

2,780 

2,630 

2,x780 

2,780

2,930

3,610

2,930

3,250

3,610

4,020

3,810

2,930

3,090

2,490

2,490

4,020

4,020

4,240

4,020

3,810

4,020

4,020

3,810

3,810

4,240

2,630

4,020

4,470

4,470

4,240

4,240

4,470

2,780

3,810

3,610

3,610

3,610

3,610

3,610

2,930

3,810

3,610

3,810

4,020

3,610

3,810

2,110

4,020

3,810

3,810

3,810

3,420

4,240

1,700

3,090

2,930

3,090

3,090

3,090

3,250

2,630

3,420

4,020

4,020

4,020

3,810

3,810

1,800

2,930

2,230

3,610

3,250

3,420

3,250

2,780

3,610

3,250

4,240

3,250

3,420

3,250

1,500

3,610

3,810

3,610

3,250

3,250

3,250

2,360

3,810

4,020

5,470

4,020

4,020

3,250

2,110

3,250

3,090

2,930

2,930

3,090

3,420

1,800

2,780

2,930

4,950

4,700

3,610

4,020

3,420

3,090

3,420

2,490

4,240

4,240

4,240

3,810

4,020

4,240

3,090

3,250

3,250

2,930

2,930

2,930

3,420

3,420

3,420

3,250

3,420

3,420

3,250

3,250

3,250

3,090

3,420

3,170

2,860

2,860

3,810

5,340

5,080

4,820

4,700

4,240

3,610

4,020

4,240

4,240

4,240

3,610

3,170

2,700

2,930

2,930

3,090

3,170

3,010

2,630

2,930

2,930

3,010

3,010

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug.

1916-17.

1.

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6...............

7..............

8..............

9:.............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

29..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............-

31..............

2,230

2,230

2,300

2,300

2,300

2,230

2,230

2,110

2,230

2,060

2,170

2,170

2,170

2,300

2,000

2,060

2,300

2,300

2,300

2,360

2,420

2,420

2,420

2,490

2,360

2,420

2,490

2,300

2,060

2,170

2,360

2,300

2,420

2,420

2,630

2,170

2,300

2,420

2,700

2,860

2,860

2,780

2,300

2,560

2,860

2,780

2,860

2,930

2,780

2,490

2,700

3,010

2,930

2,420

2,560

2,420

2,060

2,300

2,490

2,560

2,780

3,340

3,810

2,560

3,090

2,930

2,930

2,930

3,090

3,010

2,630

3,090

2,930

3,090

2,930

2,930

2,560

2,560

2,930

3,010

2,930

2,930

2,930

3,090

2,850

2,800

2,800

2,900

2,950

3,100

3,250

3,100

3,050 

2,950 

3; 050 

3,000 

2,950 

3,000 

2,850 

3,150 

3,650 

3,900

4,250

4,200

3,200

2,800

3,100

3,350

3,300

3,200

3,250

3,650

3,500

4,200

4,200

3,800

3,800

3,700

3,350

3,050

3,250

3,400

3,250

3,250

3,250

3,100

2,650

2,800

2,800

2,600

2,600

2,650

2,650

2,350

2,500

2,500

2,500

2,350

2,350

2,250

1,960

2,500

2,650

2,650

2,800

2,800

2,800

2,600

2,700

2,900

2,800

2,800

2,850

2,800

2,500

2,400

2,600

2,800

2,800

2,750

2,850

2,600

2,800

3,000

3,050

3,200

3,100

3,100

2,650

3,100

3,100

3,100

3,100

3,100

3,050

2,750

2,950

3,350

4,000

4,350

4,250

4,150

3,500

3,800

4,150

4,050

3,850

3,950

4,450

4,550

4,400

4,300

4,250

4,100

3,650

3,900

3,450

3,700

3,800

3,900

3,950

4,050

4,300

4,400

4,750

4,650

4,350

4,050

3,800

4,250

3,150

3,800

3,900

3,750

3,900

3,650

3,800

3,450

4,000

4,050

4,150

4,000

4,400

4,150

4,850

8,250

12,600

13,300

13,300

13,000

13,000

11,800

11,800

10,000

10,600

10,600

9,150

10,200

11,000

11,000

9,350

8,200

8,300

8,000

7,600

5,700

5,150

5,250

6,500

6,050

5,700

5,000

3,550

7,250

11,800

13,000

12,400

13,600

14,300

15.800

18,600

19,200

19,800

19,500

18,800

18,000

17,200

16,100

15,800

14,600

11,200

8,450

6,570

8,350

8,350

8,500

8,100

7,490

7,270

6,460

4,450

5,390

5,200

3,310

3,420

7,020

6,280

5,100

4,650

4,520

4,360

4,110

4,650

4,110

3,580

4,320

4,320

3,630

3,090

2,780

3,190

3,970

4,030

3,910

5,510

5,200

6,360

7,550

7,570

8,300

7,660

7,160

7,080

7,430

8,200

8,150

8,200

7,490

6,510

6,330

5,940

6,640

6,620

7,160

6,780

6,620

5,890

3,830

2,840

3,260

4,450

4,520

3,910

3,220

3,630

 NOTE. Stage-discharge relation not seriously affected by ice. Discharge estimated Jan. 29-30, Feb. 1-4, 

10-17,19-24, Mar. 17-23 and May 20-22, when water-stage recorder was not in operation.
PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN. 21

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Penobscot River near Medway, Maine, for the years 

ending Sept. 30, 1916 and 1917.

[Drainage area, 2,100 square miles.]

Month.

1916.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

September. ....................................

1916-17.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,020 

4,470 

4,240 

5,470 

4,950 

5,340 

3,010

2,490 

3,010 

3.810 

4,250 

3,250 

4,350 

4,750 

13,300 

19,800 

8,500 

8,300 

3,910

19,800

Minimum.

1,800 

2,490 

1,700 

1,500 

1,800 

2,630 

2,360

2,000 

2,060 

2,560 

2,800 

1,960 

2,400 

3,150 

3,450 

3,550 

2,780 

2,840 

2,430

1,960

Mean.

2,740 

3,700 

3,370 

3,340 

3,460 

3,530 

2,600

2,270 

2,590 

2,970 

3,400 

2,650 

3,060 

4,040 

7,980 

11,700 

5,090 

6,.130 

2,850

4,570

Per 

square 

mile.

1.30 

1.76 

1.60 

1.59 

. 1.65 

1.68 

1.24

1.08 

1.23 

1.41 

1.62 

1.26 

1.46 

1.92 

3.80 

5.57 

2.42 

2.92 

1.36

2.18

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.50 

1.% 

1.84 

1.77 

1.90 

1.94 

1.38

1.24 

1.37 

1.63 

1.87 

1.31 

1.68 

2.14 

4.38 

6.21 

2.79 

3.37 

1.52

29.51

PENOBSCOT RIVER AT WEST ENFIELD, MAINE.

LOCATION. At steel highway bridge 1,000 feet below mouth of Piscataquis River 

and 3 miles west of Enfield railroad station, Penobscot County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,600 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1902, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Friez water-stage recorder on left bank, downstream side on left bridge 

abutment, used since December 11, 1912; standard chain gage on upstream side 

of bridge, used prior to that date; gages set to same datum.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel at gage broken by four bridge piers; straight above 

and below the gage. Banks high and rocky and not subject to overflow. Control 

is at Passadumkeag Rips, about 5 miles below the gage; a wing dam at this point 

is overflowed at about gage height 5.5 feet.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation usually affected by ice from December to April; discharge ascertained by comparison with records at Sunkhaze Rips collected by' 

Thomas W. Clark.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

17.7 feet at 4 to 8 a. m. June 19 (discharge, from extension of rating curve, about 

87,900 second-feet); minimum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 1.98 

feet at 11 a. m. October 8 (discharge, 3,190 second-feet).

REGULATION. Flow since 1900 largely controlled by storage, principally in the lakes 

tributary to the West Branch. Results not corrected for storage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by ice 

and occasionally by logs. Rating curve well denned. Operation of water-stage 

recorder satisfactory throughout the year. Daily discharge ordinarily ascertained 

by applying rating table to average of 24 hourly gage heights; at times of serious 

fluctuation in stage the daily discharge is ascertained by using the average discharge of 12 two-hour periods. Records good.
22 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

COOPERATION. Gage height record furnished and discharge computed by T. W. 

Clark, hydraulic engineer, Oldtown, Maine. Several discharge measurements 

also made by students of University of Maine, under direction of Prof. A. C. 

Lyon.

Discharge measurements of Penobscot River at West Enfield, Maine, during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 0

6

7

7

15

20

20

Made by 

University of Maine 

students .............

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

E.N. Wilbur..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.53

2.53

2.4.0

2.40

3.03

3.39

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4,230

4,080

3,980

4,170

5,660

6,280

Date.

Oct. 21

Nov. 11

22

26

Made byUniversity of Maine

.....do.................

T.W. Clark.. ..........

T.W. Clark.. ...........

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage

Feet. 

5.18

3.16

o2.79

05.52

o9.96

11.93

12.24

17.63

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

12,100

5.890

4 460

10,' 200

32,100

44,300

47,100

87,300

» Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Penobscot River at West Enfield, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

4,170

4,840

4,960

4,730

4,500

4,280

4,060

3,730

3,840

3,950

3,840

3,730

3

QKrt

3 QKft

5,650

6,140

5,890

5,650

5,650

7,570

19 QAft

13,000

n RAA

9

K7A

8,260

7 840

7,' 040

6,140

6,010

Nov.

6,010

6,140

6,140

6,010

6,140

5,770

5,300

5,300

5,530

5,650

5,530

5

0A/1

4 QAA.

4 960

5^070

4 Qfi/>

4 Qfin

5,070

5,300

4 840

4,730

6. Q«n

5,770

8

4AA

7 840

6^910

7,170

7,570

7 Q&A

Dec.

25,600

34,700

25,500

20,600

18,400

18,800

18,800

17 800

1 7 fwifl

 10 QAA

11,100

7,710

7 °tAOj

7,170

8,540

9 420

W nnn

9

K7A

9 420 lo'ooo

12 300

i q K AA .

14 400 14' 100

10 Dfin

12 000

11,' 100

10,300

Jan.

8,830

8,260

8,120

8.260

8 4AA

8,680

8,830

9

K7A

9,120

8 dOC\

7,570

7 Qon

8 Q7A

10,700

19 f^AA

19 oAft

19 ftAn

12 100

n ^AA

in OAA

10,200

9

K7A

Q Q7A

8,120

7 3AA

6,520

6,910

7,440

Feb.

7,300

7,170

6,780

6,390

6

O.QA

6,910

6,780

6,390

6,650

6,520

5 77O

5 77fl

6,010

6 140

6,010

5 890

5,650

5,530

5,070

5

COA

5,530

5 qAft

5,530

5,530

5,070

5,530

.......

Mar.

*> vin

5,530

5,530

5,530

5,300

4,960

5,190

5,300

5,300

5,300

4 QAO

5,070

5

0. Aft

^ ^AA

5,530

5,530

5, 530

5,070

5,650

5

77/1

5,770

6,010

6,780

8

OAA

91 f*AA

27,600

27,900

Apr.

27,300

25,700

23,700 oj. -inn

26,000 01 QAn

41,400

qo 7ftn

34, 100

00 CAft

30 400

31 000

00 QAft

33 500 09 CAA

35,100

qo nnn

42 700

46 100

49J 200

63^ 400

ro Ann

46,500

49 7AA

40 400

00 QAft

May.

31,900

30,100

29,300

98 9O.fl

26,800

25 200

oo QAA

91 fiflA

99 7Aft

25,200

97 inn

90 AAA

31,600

35, 100

oo CAft

9Q RAft

27 300

26,300

oo AA/I

oc 70/1

25,700

24 400

oq J Af\f\

99 Pinn

25,000

June.

24,700

22,700

21,300

19,300

1C QAft

18,600

1C AAA

16,600

15,400

19 300

42 700

55' 200

AQ' QAn

A*> onn

70 7nrt

86,400

71,200

aA 4AA

co Ann

45,100

39 700

35,' 100

21,100

18,600

July.

20,800

22,500

21,800

20,800

19,300

18,000

17 200

15' 200

io nnn

13,700

19 ^nn

in ^AO.

12 000

iqJ 7AA

13,200

10 Ann

19 inn

11,800

11 600

12 800

12 500

n* o.nft

12 800

1O 7Aft

19 QHH

10 500

9' S7fl

9,570

12,800

Aug.

18,600

16,600

17,400

19,700

18,400

17,800

17 600

15' 200

10 Ann

10 QAft

17 800

1Q7 Win

17 600

Ifi OAA

14; 100

19 VIA

12 000

11*300

19 AAfl

19 1AA

to OA/I

19 ^Afl

12 100

11,' 000

11,100

13 °4AA

11,600

n ojvi

10,700

9,570

9,570

Sept.

10,000

9,120

8,120

7,710

7,300

7,570

7,840

7 440

6^910

7,170

7 040

7^170

6,910

6,650

7 440

5,300

5 cert

5,420

5 ion

5,300

5,420

5,070

4,730

5,070

5,190

d Qfin

4 960

4,730

4,730

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 16-18, 22, 23, and Dec. 12 to Apr. 17, and by log 

jams Aug. 4-11; discharge ascertained by comparison with records at Sunkhaze Eips, using a reduction 

factor obtained by comparing records obtained under normal conditions.
PENOBSCOT R1VEE BASIN. 23 

Monthly discharge of Penobwot River at West Enfield, Maine, for the year ending Sept.

[Drainage area, 6,600 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

13,000 

8,400 

34,700 

12,800 

7,300 

27,900 

55,600 

35,100 

86,400 

22,500 

19,700 

10,000

86,400

Minimum.

3,730 

4,390 

7,170 

6,520 

5,070 

4,960 

23,700 

21,800 

15,400 

9,570 

9,570 

4,730

3,730

Mean.

6,330 

5,820 

14,300 

9,190 

6,030 

7,780 

36,700 

27,200 

38,700 

14,200 

14,100 

6,480

15,600

Per 

square 

mile.

0.959 

.882 

2.17 

1.39 

.914 

1.18 

5.56 

4.12 

5.86 

2.15 

2.14 

.982

2.36

Run-off 

(depth fa 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.10 

.98 

2.50 

1.60 

.95 

1.36 

6.20 

4.75 

6.54 

2.48 

2.47 

1.10

32.04

EAST BRANCH OF PENOBSCOT RIVER AT GRINDSTONE, MAINE.

LOCATION. At Bangor & Aroostook Railroad bridge half a mile south of railroad 

station at Grindstone, Penobscot County, one-eighth mile above Grindstone 

Falls, and about 8 miles above confluence with West Branch at Medway.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,100 square miles; includes 270 square miles of Chamberlain 

Lake drainage basin.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 23, 1902, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain attached to railroad bridge; read by R. D. Porter.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from railroad bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent; stream confined by abutments of 

bridge and broken by one pier at ordinary stages; velocity of current medium at 

moderate and high stages but sluggish at low water.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.6 feet at 4.20 

p. m. June 19 (discharge, 17,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during year, 

4.1 feet October 11 to 13 (discharge, 210 second-feet).

ICE. Ice forms to a considerable thickness at the gage and down to the head of Grindstone Falls, and although the falls usually remain open during the greater part 

of the winter, the stage-discharge relation is somewhat affected.

REGULATION. Several dams maintained at outlets of a number of lakes and ponds 

near source of river are regulated for log driving; during the summer and fall gates 

are generally left open. The basin of the East Branch since about 1840 includes 

about 270 square miles of territory tributary to Chamberlain Lake that formerly 

drained into the St. John River basin, the diversion being made through what is 

known as the Telos canal. Results not corrected for storage and diversions.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation occasionally affected by backwater from logs 

jams at station and at Grindstone Falls immediately below, and by ice during 

winter. Rating curve well defined below 9,000 second-feet. Gage read to tenths 

twice daily except during the winter when it was read three times a week. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying rating table to mean daily gage height. Record 

good, except for winter months for which they are fair.
24 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Discharge measurements of East Branch ofPenobscot River at Grindstone, Maine, during 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

[Made by E. W. Connors.)

Date.

Feb. 1. ............................................................................

27.............................................................................

height.

Feet. 

06.45

06.10

05.65

Discharge.

Sec.-fl. 

1.050

777

513

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Maine, 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11.... ....... ...

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

99

23..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

in

11

Oct.

560

533

405

505

505

455

360

360

360

295

225

210

210

338

560

650

533

455

455

1,130

2 200

1,810

1,320

970

830

750

680

620

620

Nov.

590

560

560

560

620

680

620

620

620

680

620

620

505

405

405

430

455

430

405

382 «?An

0405

455

a 505

560

 TEA

Dec.

5,770

5,120

3,700

2,620

2,620

2,620

2,960

2,790

2,620

2,620

1,960

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,190

830

920

1,020

1,190

1,380

1.380

1,810

2,280

2,960

3,510

2

COA

2,360

2,120

Jan.

2,120

1,880

1,740

1,520

1,320

1,130

1,080

1,020

970

875

830

830

830

1,020

1,250

1,450

1,740

1 960

1^740

1,520

1

OKA

1 9*ifi

1,190

1,130

1,130

1.020

Q7e

830

790

Feb.

790

790

750

750

715

715

715

715

715

715

715

715

680

650

620

590

590

590

560

KfiA

560

533

KOQ

533

533

ene

*n*

Mar.

533

533

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

505

590

680

790

920

3 AOA

3,510

3

OOA

Apr.

3,320

3,140

2,960

2,960

2,790

3,320

3,700

7,350

6,660

4,490

3,890

3,890

3,890

4,090

4,090

4,090

4,290

5,770

6,210

7,810

8,050

9,750

8,770

7,.350

7,120

7,120

o6,780

May.

6,210

6,210

5,990

5,990

5,770

a. 5,330

4,910

4,290

4,290

4,910

5,330

5,770

o5,770

5,550

6,660

6,660

6,210

6,210

6,210

o5,770

5,330

5,330

5,330

5,770

5,550

5,550

5

OOA

4,910

4 490

4^490

June.

4,290

4,290

4,490

4,090

4,290

4,490

4,490

4,700

4,700

o 4,090

3,510

5,990

8,050

7,120

7,580

6,660

a7,000

13,100

16,700

11 800

9,010

7,580

4,910

4,490

3,140

2,620

1,810

2 

' 280

July.

o3,140

3,890

4,090

3,700

3,510

4,OQp

4,490

o4,490

4,290

4,490

4,910

4,910

4,910

V4,490

o4,090

3,700

3,700

4,290

4,490

4 J.QA

4,090

o 4,090

4 9on

5

«>OA

5,000

2 QAO

2

7QA

o2,620

2 450

2,620

Aug.

2,450

2,450

2,280

2,120

o2,120

2,120

1,960

1,660

1,660

2,620

3,320

o2,790

2,280

1,960

1,660

1,810

1,810

1,810

o 1,810 1,810''

1,960

2,120

1,810

1 Qfifi

1,810

1 960

1* Qfifi

1,810

1 Qfifl

Sept.

1,960

o 1, 810

1,660

1,520

1,380

1,250

1,130

1,130

a 1 IjjQ

l'020

1,020

920

QOf|

830

830

o830

750

 yen

680

680

680

680

"680

620

620

620

620

620

560

a Discharge estimated on account of no gage height.

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 16-22, and Dec. 9 to Apr. 17; discharge ascertained 

rom gage heights, three discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.
PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN. 25

Monthly discharge of East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 1,100 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May.. .............. ...........................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,200 

750 

5,770 

2,120 

790 

4,290 

10, 000 

6,660 

16,700 

5,330 

3,320 

1,960

16,700

Minimum.

210 

360 

830 

790 

505 

505 

2,790 

4,290 

1,810 

2,450 

1.660 

560

210

Mean,

650 

538 

2,310 

1,230 

638 

974 

5,620 

5,540 

6,290 

4,020 

2,090 

949

2,580

Per 

square 

mile.

0.591 

.489 

2.10 

1.12 

.580 

.885 

5.11 

5.04 

5.72 

3.65 

1.90 

.863

2.35

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.68 

.55 

2.42 

1.29 

.60 

1.02 

5.70 

5.81 

6.38 

4.21 

2.19 

.96

31.81

MATTAWAMKEAG RIVER AT MATTAWAMKEAG, MAINE.

LOCATION. At Maine Central Railroad bridge at village of Mattawamkeag, Penobscot 

County, half a mile above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,500 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 26, 1902, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain fastened to railroad bridge; read by W. T. Mincher.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge; low-water measurements made 

by wading at a point about a mile above station.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent; channel at bridge broken by two 

piers.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 13.3 feet at 7 a. m. 

and 5 p. m. June 20 (discharge, 23,300 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

3.6 feet several times in October (discharge, 390 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation usually affected by ice for several months each winter.

REGULATION. Dams are maintained at outlets of several large lakes and ponds, 

but the stored water is used only for log driving.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation occasionally affected by backwater from log 

jams and, during winter, by ice. Rating curve fairly well defined between 500 

and 15,000 second-feet. Gage read to tenths twice daily except from December 

13 to April 7, when it was read twice a week. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Open-water records good; winter records fair.

COOPERATION. Several discharge measurements furnished by T. W. Clark, hydraulic 

engineer, Oldtown, Maine.

Records for 1916, revised by means of data obtained in 1917, are republished herewith and supersede those published in Water-Supply Paper 431.

Discharge measurements of Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine, during the

year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 12

Nov. 29

Jan. 9

Feb. 7

Made by 

T.W. Clark............

.....do..................

E.W. Connors.........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.91

5.18

a 9. 46

a 7.85

Discharge.

Sec.-fl. 

560

1,750

1,930

1,370

Date.

Mar. 10

30

Aug. 26

Made by 

.....do..................

height.

Feet.

a 7. 10

ol0.45

9 84

4.95

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

710

5,110

1 0 Q/V\

1,470

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
26 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine, for the 

years ending Sept. 30, 1916 and 1917,

Day.

1915-16. 

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15.. ...........

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29...........:..

30..............

31..............

1916-17. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

C...... ........

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,470

1,240

1,190

1,140

1,040

1,140

1,040

950

860

780

780

780

780

780

700

700

700

700

700

630

630

630

630

700

700

700

OO^i

1 140

1*240

1,350

1,470

44 K

KAA

500

Kfift

500

Cftft

KAA

44 c

390

QQA

QQA

500

500

CQA

810

1 030

1*130

1,130

1 1°.ft

2,530

3,040

2,700

2 OCA

2,090

1,820

1 4fift

1,340

Nov.

1,470

1

OK/\

1,350

1,140

1,040

QKA

860

Qf\f\

860

860

860

QRft

SAft

OAK

1,090

1,410

1,470

1,530

1,710

1,710

1 900

2

O-in

1,970

1 840

1^710

1,710

1,710

1 

' 840

1,340

1 450

1*340

1 340

1 9°.ft

1,030

1,030

Q4ft

OCA.

Q KA

770

770

770

770

770

770

770

CQA

AQft

730

Q4ft

OCA

OCA,

1 4ftft

I

AEA

2 7ftft

2,530

1,820

1,820

Dec.

2 fUn

2,170

2

OCft

2 OCA

2,530

2,310

2 100

1,970

1 840

1*.710

1,710

1,710

1,710

1,840

2

1AA

2

O1A

2,680

2 Q4ft

2 8M)

S ftftft

3

0-IA

3 340

3,620

3,900

4,090

4

4CA

4 980

5,' 280

5,600

5,920

2 7ftft

4,600

6,140

6,370

6,370

6 OK A

6,370

6,610

6,610

6,370

r 4AA

3,610

3

00A

2

Q7A

2

00A

1,820

2,090

2

OCft

2

00A

3 040

5

COA

5,910

5 4fift

5,910

5,020

4,200

3,610

Jan.

6,140

6,140

6,360

6,720

7,220

7,730

7 100

6 480

5,810

5,280

4,090

3,000

2,100

1,900

1 840

1,780

1,650

1,590

1,530

1,410

1 ^^Ul

1,350

1,300

1 300

l'o4n

1 240

1*190

1 140

1*090

3,420

3

00A

2 7ftft

2

0QA,

2 090

1,820

2 /VIA

1,570

1,820

1,690

1,450

1 340

1,820

2 CQA

2

Q7A

3

0OA

3,420

3 QQA

3

AJA

2 700

2

OO A

2 090

1

QOA

1,690

1,570

1 4/¥»

1 400

1*400

1,400

Feb.

995

950

860

860

7cn

780

740

740

740

740

740

740

740

700

700

700

665

665

665

630

CQO

Ida

665

740

QQA

AAC

995

1 140 '

1 400

l' 400

t' 4AA

1 340

1 3.4ft

1 340

l'^4ft

1 9Qft

1,230

1 Iftft

1,130

1,130

1 l^ft

1 130

1*080

1,030

985

940

895

01 A

770

770

Aon

AOft

770

sz'in

940 */ v/

Mar.

1,240

1

OAA

1

OAA

1,240

1,300

1 °.ftft

1 ^fift

1 °.f»ft

1 OCA

1

QKA

1.350

1

OCA

1,300

i o^n

1 240

1*.190

1 190

l'l40 ijogo

1,090

1 040

' QRfl

One

860

7ftft

780

780

1 240

i' onn

QQC

SQ1

850

850 o-in

730

con

690

770

770

770

770

770

770

770

770

770

770

770

770

770

770

770

1,570

2 700

4 400

5*020

5,910

Apr.

2 530

3,620

4,680

7 4.8ft

9,290

10,100

9

OQA

7 QQrt

6

QCA

fi 4Qft

6,370

6,370

6,370

6,610

6,850

7,100

7,100

7 7°.ft

8

OQA

8 640

9 160

8 J Qftft

8 OK/\

7 860

7 OCA

6,030

5,020

7,100

7 600

8 QQA

8 Qftft

9 4.9ft

n ftftft

12 200

19 7ftn

12 400

12 200

llJoOO

10 800

Ift7 iftft

10 800

11 000

11 900

19 4ftft

1°. Qftft

14,500

15,800

17,000

17 400

17*. 700

17 AAA

15,800

13 300

lo' onn

May.

5,020

5,020

5,020

5,020

5,020

5,020

5,020

5,800

4,920

4,300

4 000

3 7nn

3,140

2 CQA

1,820

1,820

1,880

2

0QA

2 700

2

rOA

2

0AA

2 300

2 780

2

' Q7A

2

COA

3 ft4A

2,620

2,160

2,020

2,380

11,300

9 960

9 160

8

QAA

8

CAA

S lftft

7,600

7 200

7' 200

S ftftft

8 Qftft

9 49ft

10,200

9 Qfift

9,960

in onn

8 ({An

7 3f*A

5,910

5,910

5,020

4,810

5,240

5,240

5,020

4,810

5,910

June.

2,090

2,380

2,090

1,950

1,820

1,690

1,690

1,690

1,690

1,750

1,950

3,230

3,040

2,530

2

OCft

2,230

2 OCA

2,700

2,620

2

OAA

1,880

1,630

1 400

1

OCA

1,630

1,880

2 ft9ft

6,370

6 140

5*. 020

4,810

4 400

4 400

4*200

4,000

3,800

3,420

5 240

Q £Af\

9

QOf\

10,500

1ft &ftft

1ft ftftft

16,400

21 600

OO QAA

22,000

QA QAA

17 700

19 7ftft

10,800

8 640

6,140

5 460

July.

1,690

1,690

1,750

2,160

5,240

5,460

5,460

5,240

4,700*

3,700

2,780

2,300

3,700

1,750

1,570

1,340

1,080

1,450

1 d.V\

1,450

1,230

1,130

1,030

1,130

1,130

1,230

1

7KA

2 ftQft

2

AQA

1,880

1,510

5,460

<; Afin,

5

4Art

5 240

4^810

4 600

4

* 9ftft

3,610

3

AJA

2

00A

2,090

1 Q^ft

1 950

1*820

2

QQA

2 QQA

2

QOA

2,230

2

QCft

2 700

2 7ftfl

2 7ftft

2,530

3 040

3*. 610

3 Slftft

3,420 9 <Mn

1

QC/\

1 340

l'080 '

Aug.

1,280

1,130

1,030

940

850

850

770

900

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,030

940

770

770

690

620

620

560

*;fin

560

KAA

560

620

CflA

Cftft

500

CflA

445

445

1,280

2 ftQft

2 9°.ft

2

OQA

2 7ftft

2 OCA

1 Qf»ft

1 400

1,'280

1,820

2 530

2 7ftfl

2

AQO

1,690

1

OOA

1,130

940

940

1,030

1,230

1 340

1*400

1*690

I

con

1,570

1 400

l|l80

1,030

1,180

Sept.

445

445

445

445

390

390

445

445

500

500

500

445

445

445

390

472

620

690

son

770

fiOrt,

620

620

560

560

^<V)

Wl

500

445 At=;

1 340

1*340

1*450

1,570

1 4IYI

1,230

1,230

1,230

i i^n

i ion

i iQft

1,030

1,030

QSS

OCA

70/1

5«0

500

eon

(WIA

770

690

ftOrt

AQft

flOrt

620

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 6 to Apr. 5,1916, and Dec. 14,1916, to Apr. 7, 1917 

discharge determined from gage heights corrected for effect of ice by means of discharge measurements, 

observer's notes, weather records, and comparison with records of East Branch of Penobscot River at 

Grindstone. Discharge May 5-10 estimated by comparison with records of flow of near-by streams.
PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN. 27

Monthly discharge of Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine, for the years ending

Sept. 30, 1916-17.

[Drainage area, 1,500 square miles.]

Month.

1915-16.

March.........................................

April.. ........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

The year ................................

1916-17.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,470 

2,310 

5,920 

7,730 

1,140 

1,900 

10,100 

5,800 

3,230 

5,460 

1.280 

770

10,100

3,420 

2,700 

6,850 

3,420 

1,400 

5,910 

17.700 

11,300 

23,300 

5,460 

2,700 

1,570

23,300

Minimum.

630 

860 

1,710 

1,090 

59S 

780 

2,680 

1,820 

1,280 

1,030 

445 

390

390

390 

690 

1,820 

1,340 

690 

690 

7,100 

4,810 

3,420 

1,080 

940 

500

390

Mean.

912 

1,390 

2,960 

3.530 

766 

1,180 

7,120 

3,350 

2,100 

2,330 

775 

514

2,250

1,320* 

1,160 

4,470 

2,270 

1,060 

1,390 

12,400 

7,610 

9,660 

3,060 

1,620 

918

3,910

Per 

square 

mile.

0.608 

.927 

1.97 

2.35 

.511 

.787 

4.75 

2.23 

1.40 

1.55 

.517 

.343

1.50

.880 

.773 

2.98 

1.51 

.707 

.927 

8.27 

5.07 

6.44 

2.04 

1.08 

.612

2.61

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

* 0.70 

1.03 

2.27 

2.71 

.55 

.91 

5.30 

2.57 

1.56 

1.79 

.60 

.38

20.37

1.01 

.86 

3.44 

1.74 

.74 

1.07 

9.23 

5.84 

7.18 

2.35 

1.24 

.68

35.38

PISCATAQTTIS RIVER NEAR FOXCROFT, MAINE.

LOCATION. At Low's highway bridge, about halfway between Guilford and Foxcroft, 

Piscataquis County, three-fourths mile above mouth of Black Stream and 3 miles 

below Mill Stream.

DRAINAGE AREA. 286 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 17, 1902, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Staff attached to left abutment of bridge; read by A. F. D. Harlow.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. At medium and high stages made from bridge; at low 

stages made by wading either above or below the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent; banks are high and are overflowed only during extreme floods.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year. 13.5 feet at 7 a. m., 

June 18 (discharge, from extension of rating curve, about 19,800 second-feet); 

minimum stage recorded, 1.7 feet from 5 p. m., September 15, to 7 a. m., Sepber 17 (discharge, 31 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice during some winters.

REGULATION. The stream is used to develop power at several manufacturing plants 

above the station; distribution of flow somewhat affected by operation of wheels.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation occasionally affected by backwater from log 

jams and by ice during winter. Rating curve fairly well defined between 20 and 

4,000 second-feet. Gage read to tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained 

by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Some uncertainty exists in 

regard to accuracy of gage heights and the effect of diurnal fluctuation. Records 

fair.
28 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine, during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Jan. 2

Feb. 5

Apr. 9

Made by 

E.W.Conners.. .......

.....do.................

F. E. Pressey..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

«3.46

"6.25

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

379

427

2,680

Date.

Apr. 27

May 14

Made by 

F. E. Pressey. .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.06

3.68

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,880

910

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Piscataquis 'River near Foxcroft, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1... ...........

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

1 °.

14..............

15..............

16..............

17.............

19

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..... ........ .

31..............

Oct.

292

292

148

112

112

112

112

112

136

112

112

112

180

318

220

136

112

100

709

1,110

898

K(*Q

502

406

406

318

267

100

100

Nov.

100

244

148

148

123

112

220

318

318

148

64

119

112

180

100

100

100

180

148

244

1,160

437

Q74

374

782

Dec.

6,820

3,100

1,400

1,110

1,110

1,210

1,110

782

782

782

674

604

604

604

638

KM

569

569

569

437

569

1,020

1,620

1,510

1,160

638

CA9

CAO

RflO

Jan.

W)

374

406

CAO

267

arm

100

220

220

220

292

374

OQ9

858

1 400

1^210

one

502

267

437

374

074

01 o

01 0

100

220

220

Feb.

Q74

374

374

318

437

318

9fi7

0.1 O

944

200

180

14S

374

374

9Q9

OOA

220

220

' 220

180

200

9Afl

180

180

Mar.

112

164

180

148

136

81

81

100

31

28

46

58

100

100

100

81

81

01

81

81

81

90

100

267

638

7ftQ

2 640

7,' 210

4

QQA

4,150

Apr.

3,970

1,960

1,620

1,110

1,160

1,670

9

f\AC\

8,940

6,040

3,260

2 350

1^840

1,840

1,840

1,840

1,840

1,620

2 OCA

2 OCA

Q Q7ft

4.700

6,620

5,840

3,260

2 080

2^080

May.

2,640

2,490

2,350

2,220

1,840

1,620

1,620

1,840

1,840

1,210

1,210

1,300

1,110

898

782

782

782

709

638

709

858

980

1,960

1,400

638

noo

980

June.

709

502

437

502

502

406

346

346

318

318

2,080

7,010

3,970

1,840

2,080

2,490

4,34.0

17,500

8,220

3,260

2,350

1,840

i 40ft

1,200

1,160

858

536

502

569

89ft

July.

638

638

604

569

536

470

374

220

244

220

164

200

267

318

374

292

220

220

180

180

220

isn

180

180

180

81

 81

64

4O7

7,810

Aug.

2,780

1,840

2,080

1.400

1,110

782

638

638

604

898

1,840

1,210

1.020

709

709

638

604

674

638

638

638

604

604

858

1,620

1,070

638

ftOQ

709

746

604

Sept.

604

374

406

502

470

406

318

220

180

244

180

180

148

123

51

31

46

81

on

112

100

01

164

164

148

136

112

on

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 13 to Apr. 9; discharge ascertained from gage heights, 

three discharge measurements, observer's notes, weather records, and comparisons with other streams.
PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN. 29

Monthly discharge of Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine, for the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 286 square miles.]

Month.

October .......................................

December. ....................................

Mq.iv>Ti

April..........................................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,110 

1,160 

6,820 

1,400 

437 

7,210 

9,040 

2,640 

17,500 

7,810 

2,780 

604

17,500

Minimum.

100 

64 

437 

100 

148 

28 

1,110 

536 

318 

64 

604 

31

28

Mean.

280 

269 

1,110 

415 

264 

735 

3,230 

1,280 

2.280 

534 

974 

204

965

Per 

square 

mile:

a 979

.941 

3.88 

1.45 

.923 

2.57 

11.30 

4.48 

7.98 

1.87 

3.40 

.713

3.37

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

1.13 

1.05 

4.47 

1.67 

.96 

2.96 

12.61 

5.18 

8.90 

2.16 

3.92 

.80

45.79

PASSADTTMKEAG RIVER AT LOWELL, MAINE.

LOCATION. About half a mile below dam and highway bridge at Lowell, Penobscot 

County, and 10 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 301 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 1, 1915, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Chain and staff gages on right bank; read by F. A. Lord. Staff above dam, 

half a mile upstream, for supplementary use during winter.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 20 feet above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel rough and somewhat irregular; control about 500 

feet below gage; practically permanent. Left bank subject to overflow at gage 

height 5.5 feet.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.8 feet at 9.30 

a. m. April 26 (discharge 2,460 second-feet); minimum open-water stage recorded 

during year, 1.3 feet at 9 a. m. November 13 (discharge 134 second-feet); minimum discharge, 120 second-feet, November 18-23 (stage-discharge relation 

affected by ice).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation usually affected by ice from December to April.

REGULATION. Distribution of flow somewhat affected by use of storage reservoirs 

above station. A small dam and mill one-half mile above gage causes fluctuations in stage for a short time each day when mill is in operation.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except when affected 

by backwater due to logs on control or to ice. Rating curve well defined between 

70 and 2,600 second-feet. Gage read to tenths once daily until April 18, and to 

half tenths thereafter. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage height 

to rating table. Records fair.

COOPERATION. Discharge measurements made and discharge computed by T. W. 

Clark, hydraulic engineer, Oldtown, Me.
30 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Passadumkeag River at Lowell, Maine, during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 5

Nov. 17

Dec. 22

22

8

Feb. 13

14

Made by 

.....do.................

do

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage

Feet. 

1.61

02.28

02.17

o2.59

02.60

"4.70

o4.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft, 

200

11Q

274

281

357

367

237

237

Date.

Mar. 28

29

Apr. 7

19

25

May 21

Aug. 6

 29

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage

Feet. 

2.99

o3.62

4.16

4.89

5.70

4.02

a 07

2.58

1.83

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

704

963

1,310

1,780

2,370

1,250

1,800

486

263

« Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Passadumkeag River at Lowell, Maine, for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10.. ....... ......

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16.............'.

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

226

253

226

226

253

226

200

200

226

200

176

176

226

226

226

226

253

253

253

310

340

406

442

406

406

406

340

406 -406

406

406

Nov.

340

281

253

310

253

226

200

176

176

154

154

154

134

134

134

1°.d

1 VI

120

120

120

120

120

120

154

281

310

281

310

Dec.

480

606

700

700

700

onn

900

850

800

750

700

606

520

440

340

310

310

310

280

280

280

v>n

3on

460

460

460

460

420

390

360

Jan.

320

320

320

320

320

320

360

360

390

OQA

360

360

360

390

420

460

vm

CAA

460

420

QQA

360

320

320

320

OOA

OQA

290

OQA

290

290

Feb.

270

270

270

240

240

240

240

240

240

94fl

210

Of A

210

O1 A

210

210

210

210

O1 A

210

210

O1 A

91 n

flMA

Mar.

240

240

240

240

91ft

210

240

240

240

240

240

240

240

240

240

260

Oftfi

OOA

360

700

QCA

1.050

1,050

Apr.

1,000

1,000

1,000

1,050

1,110

1,170

1,350

1,530

1,530

1,410

1,290

1 OCA

1,530

1,470

1 EOA

1,650

1,780

1,920

2,140

2,300

2,380

2

QOrt

2,460

2,220

2,020

1 QOA

1,650

May.

1,500

1 740

1*560

1,530

1,410

1,440

1,410

1,410

1,320

1,380

1,470

i ryzn

1,560

1,530

1,530

1,470

1 OCA

1,200

1,260

1,230

1,050

1.000

1,170

1 080

1'050

1,050

1,110

1,170

June.

1,110

1,290

1,290

1,290

1 OOA

1,200

1,170

1,140

1,050

1,080

1,260

1 380

1*380

I1. 290

1,140

1,170

1,710

1,820

1,850

1 OCA

1,820

1,680

1,500

1,440

1,440

1,260

1,170

1,110

1,170

July.

1,170

1,230

1,170

1,350

1,350

1,230

1,110

1,230

1,140

1,110

1,080

1,140

1,170

1,050

1,080

1,020

1,000

950

Qfin

Qftft

850

800

780

Km

700

652

629

606

584

111

520

Aug.

652

584

606

584

562

con

480

442

406

406

424

442

442

461

ddO.

406

OCft

340

Q1A

356

356

310

267

ocq

9 VI

267

267

267

296

.296

Sept.

281

240

253

253

226

267

270

267

226

253

osa

OOft

253

OBI

OQft

281

Oftl

253

226

253

240

253

240

<Wl

nt\f\

180

180

176

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 17-23. and Dec. 13 to Mar. 30; discharge determined 

from gage-height records and discharge measurements. Daily discharge on May 18. 28, July 25, Aug. 23, 

and Sept. 11, corrected for opening of gates in dam. Discharge estimated Oct. 10, Apr. 1, and Sept. 7.16, and 26-29.
PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN. 31

Monthly discliarge of Passadumkeag River at Lowell, Maine, for the year ending Sept. SO,

1917.

[Drainage area, 301 square miles.]

Month.

December .....................................

April..........................................

July...........................................

The year. . ..............................

. Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

406 

340 

900 

500 

270 

1,050 

2,460 

1,740 

1,880 

1,350 

652 

281

2,460

Minimum.

176 

120 

280 

290 

210 

210 

1,000 

1,000 

1,050 

520 

253 

176

120

Mean.

288 

198 

513 

359 

229 

336 

1,650 

1,330 

1,350 

963 

399 

242

656

Per

square 

mile.

0.957 

.658 

1.70 

1.19 

.761 

1.12 

5.48 

4.42 

4.49 

3.20 

1.33 

.804

2.18

Run-ofl 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.10 

.73 

1.96 

1.37 

.79 

1.29 

6.11 

5.10 

5.01 

3.69 

1.53 

.90

29.58

KENDTTSKEAG STREAM NEAR BANGOR, MAINE.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at Sixmile Falls, 6 miles northwest of Bangor, 

Penobscot County, and 7 miles below mouth of Black Stream.

DRAINAGE AREA. 191 square miles. At high stages a part of the water of Souadabscook Stream finds its way through an artificial cut into Black Stream and thus to 

the Kenduskeag.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 15, 1908, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain attached to bridge; read by Fred Cort.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent; channel broken by one pier at the 

bridge.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage recorded during year, 9.5 

feet at 7 a. m. and 4 p. m. April 8 (discharge from extension of rating curve, 

4,950 second-feet); maximum stage of 11.2 feet occurred Mar. 29 when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice; minimum stage recorded, 2.0 feet at 7.20 a. m. 

and 2.00 p. m. September 30 (discharge 52 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice for several months.

DIVERSIONS. An artificial cut was made for log driving through a low divide between, 

Souadabscook Stream and Black Stream, which enters the Kenduskeag about 7 

miles above the gaging station. During high stages of the Souadabscook, part 

of its water flows through the artificial cut into the Kenduskeag. Black Stream 

probably sends its water only to the Kenduskeag.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent except as affected by ice; 

shifts slightly at infrequent intervals. Rating curve well defined below 2,600 

second-feet and fairly well defined between 2,600 and 4,000 second-feet. Gage 

read to tenths twice daily during open-water period; read twice a week during the 

winter. Daily discharge ascertained by applying rating table to mean daily gage 

height. Records good for ordinary stages; for winter records, fair.

Discharge measurements of Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine, during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Dec. 27

Jan. 30 

Feb. 17

Apr. 4

Made by 

.....do................. 

. ....do. ................

Gage

Feet.

"3.48

5.92

Discharge.

Sec-ft.

rii

137

89

1,680

Date.

May 16

June 6

Made by 

.....do..................

nS.

Feet. 

3.08

2.78 

7.96

Discharge.

Sec-Jt. 

290

201 

3,570

Stage-discharge relation aflected by ice.
32 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

...............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30

31..............

Oct.

107

99

115

107

99

68

76

68

68

68

91

107

107

99

91

99

107

99

84

123

655

500

392

312

250

220

234

194

159

Nov.

181

206

181

150

132

132

115

123

140

115

107

91

84

132

132

140

150

107

84

68

91

84

115

occ

538

740

327

427

576

Dec.

1,480

3,160

2,050

1,120

890

1,000

890

890

890

890

1,000

1,000

890

890

790

695

615

615

538

401

465

950

1,240

895

700

^14

465

3Q9

366

Jan.

262

211

177

156

156

156

177

188

223

94Q

276

305

335

CQQ

538

576

QQQ

q on

94 Q

94Q

993

223

211

199

199

177

Feb.

156

146

146

137

137

137

146

156

146

137

11Q

102

86

71

71

71

78

86

86

94

102

110

119

119

Mar.

128

137

137

119

119

119

119

128

146

156

156

146

137

128

119

146

223

166

146

211

249

366

795

1,060

3,680

4 950

4,650

4,480

Apr.

3,930

2,650

1,970

1,750

1,970

2,460

5,140

3,270

2,650

1,890

1,240

1.540

2,130

2,050

1,750

1,610

1,750

1,540

1,750

1,540

1,420

1,240

890

740

576

500

427

<M>9

May.

376

500

576

740

655

576

576

500

427

500

615

655

538

127

376

250

265

280

194

170

150

170

376

343

250

170

159

265

June.

538

427

359

312

234

220

181

206

392

695

1,180

2,750

3,490

2,850

2,050

1,360

2,050

3.710

3,600

2,370

2,050

1,680

1,240

890

695

615

538

427

327

463

July.

790

538

463

359

250

194

250

194

159

206

234

206

181

312

410

427

359

312

220

220

159

150

123

170

170

132

115

115

99

1,480

Aug.

2,370

2,210

1,890

1,610

1,060

576

265

194

220

181

280

427

327

265

220

181

220

265

250

220

265

234

296

427

695

1,000

1,000

790

576

392

296

Sept.

327

376

327

250

181

150

181

140

140

123

115

107

123

107

123

99

91

107

123

123

107

107

132

132

115

115

99

84

84

61

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 19 to Mar. 30; discharge determined from gage 

heights, three discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine, for the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 191 square miles.]

Month.

Ts&y. ..........................................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

655 

740 

3,160 

576 

156 

4,950 

5,140 

655 

3,600 

1,480 

2.370 

376

5,140

Minimum.

68 

68 

305 

137 

71 

119 

392 

150 

181 

99 

181 

61

61

Mean.

178 

209 

888 

262 

119 

761 

1,880 

399 

1,260 

313 

619 

145

587

Per 

square 

mile.

0.932 

1.09 

4.65 

1.37 

.623 

3.98 

9.84 

2.09 

6.60 

1.64 

3.24 

.759

3.0V

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.07 

1.22 

5.36 

1.58 

.65 

4.59 

10.98 

2.41 

7.36 

1.89 

3.74 

.85

41.70
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I. 33

KENNEBEC RIVER BASIN. 

MOOSEHEAD LAKE AT EAST OUTLET, MAINE.

LOCATION. At wharf at east outlet of lake, about 8 miles from Kineo, Piscataquis 

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,240 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 1, 1895, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Staff at end of boat landing; two daturas have been used at east outlet; the 

first (or original datum) is 1,011.30 feet above mean sea level and approximately 

10 feet below sills of outlet gates; gage is read to this datum; the second, to which 

all gage readings published to and including 1911 have been referred, is 10 feet 

higher; that is, the zero is at the sill of the gates; as it is believed that low water 

may go below the sill of the gates (zero of second datum), gage heights since 1912. 

are published as read that is, to original datum.

REGULATION. The lake is regulated to a capacity of 23,735,000,000 cubic feet. The 

dam at the east outlet is controlled by 39 gates; the sills of the gates being at elevations varying from 8.0 feet to 11.4 feet (original datum). At extreme low 

stages the flow from the lake is controlled not by the gates but by a bar above 

the dam at an approximate gage height of 9 feet (original datum). The records 

show only fluctuations in the level of the lake and are used in the studies of 

regulation of the lake and in computing the natural flow of the Kennebec at The 

Forks station.

COOPERATION. Record furnished by Hollingsworth & Whitney Co.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Moosehead Lake at east outlet, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2. .............

3.............. 

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

g

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14.............. 

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

1Q

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

9Q

30.............. o-i

Oct.

15.45

~i5."45~

15.35

"is.'i"

15.1

15.0

14.95

14 9

14.95

15.05

15.0

15.1

15.6

Nov.

15.1

15,1

15.1

15.05

14 Q

14.9 "ii'i"

14.8

14.7

14.6

1455

14.5

14 V\'

Dec.

14.7

"l4 9~"

14.95

"ii's"

15.4

15.4 

15.5

15.6

15.5

15.6

15.5

15.5

15.5

Jan.

15.55

15.55

15.5

15.45

15.45

15.4

'i5.'4~~

15.4 '

15.4

15.4

is. 4

15.4

"is.'i"

15.2

Feb.

14.95

14.85

ii? "ii'es"

14.4

"ii's"

14.25

14.15

13.95

is. 8

13.7

13.65

Mar.

13.55

13.45

13.3

i2.6

12.95

12.6

12.3

Apr.

"ii's"

i2.7 "ii'tj"

13.1

13.2

13.5

13.6

13.9

14.2

14.8

15.3

15.75

May.

16.5 "ie."2"

16.4 "ie.'55"

16.7

i7.i

17.4

17.5

17.45

17.5

17.45

17.35

17.4

June.

17.4

"iiT"

17.45

17.4

17.55

17.55

"i7."5"

17.7

17.8

17.6

17.3

17.4 "ii'i"

July.

17.4

17.3

~i7.'l5'

17.0

ie.8

16.4

16.3

16.2

16.1

16.2

16.1

16.0

Aug.

16.4

16.9 

17.1

17.25

17.3

17.4

17.4 

17.35

17.45

17.45

17.35 

17.4

17.4

17.4

17.45

17.5

17.45

~i7.~4~~

17.7

Sept.

17.35

17.35

17.2

16.8

16.7

16.6

16.3

16.2

16.0

15.9

15.7

101860° 20 WSP 451-
34 SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1917, PAKT I.

KENNEBEC RIVER AT THE FORKS, MAINE.

LOCATION. At wooden highway bridge about 2,000 feet above mouth of Dead River, 

at The Forks, Somerset County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,570 square miles.

RECOKDS AVAILABLE. September 28, 1901, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Chain on bridge, a vertical staff on timber retaining wall on left bank 75 feet 

above bridge, and a Gurley 7-day water-stage recorder on left abutment; recorder 

set to read the same as chain gage at low water, but gives lower readings than chain 

gage at high water; used during summer months only. Chain gage read by S. C. 

Durgin.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel at bridge is subject to slight changes; control is 

occasionally affected by backwater from Dead River.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.1 feet, from 4 

to 12 p. m. June 18 (discharge, by extension of rating curve, 23,700 second-feet); 

minimum stage recorded during year, 1.2 feet on October 24 (discharge, 700 

second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice for several months.

REGULATION. Flow regulated by storage in Moosehead Lake. During May, June, 

July, and August the operation of Indian Pond for log driving causes a large 

diurnal fluctuation. Records of monthly discharge have been reduced to natural 

flow by adding or subtracting the amount of water stored in or released from 

Moosehead Lake.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation occasionally affected by backwater from Dead 

River and by ice during the winter. Rating curve fairly well denned, a table 

of relation being used to convert discharge rating for chain gage to a corresponding rating for water-stage recorder. Water-stage recorder in operation October 1 

to November 14 and April 26 to September 30; chain gage read to half-tenths 

once daily November 15 to April 25. Daily discharge for period when waterstage recorder was in operation determined by use of discharge integrator; for 

period when water-stage recorder was not in operation, discharge ascertained by 

applying "rating table to mean daily gage height. Records fair.

Discharge measurements of Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine, during the-year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Feb. 13

Made by 

E.W. Corners... .......

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o2.84

05.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,620

Date.

May 23

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

61.89

5.61

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

7,600

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. 6 Stage-discharge relation affected by logjam.
KENNEBEC RIVER BASIN. 35

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofKennebec River at The Forks, Maine, for tht year ending

Sept, SO,

Day.

I....../.......

2..............

3. .............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22.............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.............. 

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

,320

,200

,180

,280

,160

1,220

2 100

2,350

2,300

1,980

1,920 1 ofth

1,920

1,940

1,740

1,700

1,680

1,760

2,100

1,500

1,000

740

710

850

920

1,120

1,400 

1,500

1,540

Nov.

1,700

1,720

1 620

1,560

1,380

1,400

1 440

1,540

1 MA

1,380

1,680

1,740

1 660

l'700

1,740

1,850

1,850

1,740

1,740

1,850

1,740

1,850 i nftn

i ofin

1,740

1,530

1,430 

1,330

Dec.

1,740

1 740

1 530

1 240

1^070

QQrt

(tort

GQO

nnn

990

Q90

920

1,350

1,450

1,750

1,950

2,100

2,200

2,200

2,100

2,100

2,100

1 Q'tfl

1,850

1,850

1,850

1,950

2,100

Jan.

2,100

2,100

2,100

2,300

2,200

1,950

1,950

1,850

1 Sfifl

1,950

1 fiVI

1,850

1,850

1,850

820

920

1,650

1,850

1,850

1,850

1,850

1 QKfi

2,100

2,300

2,600

2,700

2,900

2,900 

3,000

3,000

Feb.

3,000

3,000

3,200

3,200

3,200

3,000

3,000

rt ftrm

9 Ann

o 7nn

2 Ann

9 flfin

2,700

2,600

9 Ann

2,500

9 ^nn

2,500

9 ^nn

2,500

2,100

2,100

2 inn

2 inn

i o^n

Mar.

1,950

2,200

2100

2 inn

2,100

2,200

2500

2 800

9 7fift

2l 600

2 600

o Ann

2,600

2,500

2,600

2,500

2,460

2 Ann

2,740

2,600

2,450

2,600

2,600

9 Ann

2,080 

1,960

1,850

Apr.

1,180

990

915

915

840

915

1,330

1,630

1^740

1,740

1,740

1 3QA

1 QQA

1,240

1,150

1,100

1,240

1,740

1,960

2,460

2,880

3,810

4,880

5,460

3 Ain

3

QOA

3,260

2,850

2,700 

3,200

May.

4,500

4700

5,400

6 200

6,800

4,100

4 100

4,600

4050

4,850

5,200

S

onrt

3,200

3,850

3,000

2,400

5,000

7,700

7,500-

7,500

5,300

5,800

6,800

7,500

7,400

7,200

6,800

5,000

4,200 

5,000

5,300

June.

5,000

4 TOO

4500

4,560

4,700

6,000

8,200

3 600

5,900

8,300

10,600

14,700

14, 200

13,300

12,600

12,300

13, 100

17,600

18,000

17,000

16,600

16,000

15,400

15,000

13,000

8,300

6,500

7,200

8,000 

9,400

My.

9,200

8,800

7700

6,300

6,000

7,300

6,900

6 800

6800

6,600

6,300

6,200

6,200

5,800

6,200

6,000

5,900

5,800

5,900

5,900

5,700

5,600

4,400

4,100

3,700

3,750

3,700

4,000

3,400 

4,100

11,000

Aug.

?,400

3 100

2,600

8,300

2,600

2,100

8,050

6,100

6,000

7,400

9,800

7,300

5,500

4,650

4,550

4,850

3,900

3,750

4,300

4,300

4,200

3,950

4,000

4,350

4,350

4,100

4,100

4,000 

4,150

4,000

Sept.

3,900

3,800

3 780

3,750

3,400

3,200

3 880

8,850

4,400

4,200

4,600

4,300

4,100

4,150

4,350

4,300

4,200

5,200

4,300

3,900

3,450

3,300

3,300

3,300

3,250

3,200.

3,150

3,050

3,000 

3, OOP

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 10 to Mar. 19; discharge ascertained from gage 

heights, two discharge measurements, observer's notes, and weather records; affected by logs Apr. 15-16.

Monthly discharge of Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine, for the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

[Drainage area, 1,570 square miles.]

Month.

October. ...............................................

March. .................................................

July....................................................

August.................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Observed 

mean.

1,510 

1,700 

1,620 

2,060 

2,640 

2,440 

2,120 

5,240 

10,400 

6,000 

4,740 

3,780

3,680

Corrected for storage.

Mean.

1,030 

1,210 

2,690 

1,700 

610 

970 

6,220 

' 7,220 

10,400 

4,560 

^6,540 

1,240

3,700

Per square 

mile.

0.656 

.771 

1.71 

1.08 

.389 

.618 

3.96 

4.60 

6.62 

2.90 

4.17 

.790

2.36

Corrected 

run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.76 

.86 

1.97 

1.24 

.42 

.71 

4.42 

5.30 

7.39 

3.34 

4.81 

.88

32.10

DEAD RIVER AT THE FORKS, MAINE.

LOCATION. One-eighth mile above farm house of Jeremiah Durgin, 1$ miles west of

The Forks, Somerset County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 878 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 29, 1901, to August 15, 1907; March 16, 1910, to

September 30, 1917.
36 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

GAGE. Staff bolted to large boulder on left bank; read by H. J. Farley.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 700 feet above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Stream bed rough, control practically permanent.

EXTREMES op DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, about 7.9 feet on morning 

of June 21 (discharge about 22,600 second-feet); minimum open-water stage 

recorded during year, 0.6 foot, several times in October and November (discharge, 

from extension of rating curve, 100 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. A number of dams on lakes above; used for log driving during May and 

June.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected 

by ice or log jams. Rating curve fairly well denned. Gage read to half-tenths 

twice daily, except during winter when it is read twice a day, three times a 

week. Daily discharge determined by applying mean daily gage height to 

rating curve. Open-water record good; winter record fair.

Discharge measurements of Dead River at The Forks, Maine, during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Jan. 15

Apr. 17

Made by 

E. W. Conners.. .......

.....do..................

F. E. Pressey. .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

02.70

2.08

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

615

427

1,790

Date.

May 10

Made by 

F. E. Pressey..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.49

5.14

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

10,800

a, Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

.Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Dead River at The Forks, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

 < Day1..... .........

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

11

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25... ...........

26. .............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

370

325

257

224

160

160

130

200

160

100

200

OQO

160

160

160

840

1 540

1,100

780

610

610

510

QQ7

176

160

Nov.

148

160

325

Ooc

176

160

100

100

130

i fin

200

160

160

160

160

i nc\

100

100

100

one

840

1,100

1,100

1,100

965

1 OQA

Dec.

3,550

2,750

1,860

1,540

1 540

i ^on

1,100

900

720

Cftrt

510

510

510

510

 510

560

1,540

1 '840 240

720

720

660

610

610

Jan.

610

560

510

510

560

cfirt

415

240

160

100

415

720

780

780

720

720

720

720

660

720

660

610

610

610

Cflfl

KflA

Feb.

510

510

510

460

460

460

460

460

415

415

415

427

4.1 K

07rt

Q7rt

QOK

00 E

00 C

90 C

oo e

00 e

00 E.

00 C

Mar.

325

325

370

415

415

415

460

4-fifi

510

510

510

460

460

415

41 c

415

460

510

610

660

720

1,240

1 940

2

OflA

2

ccn

3,150

3,050

Apr.

3,050

3,150

3,250

3,350

3,550

3,650

3,770

3,140

2,750

2,560

2,380

I ftfifl

1,940

2,030

2 030

2

ECrt

3,140

S

een

3 QQD

4,220

7 480

8 940

8,940

8,570

4 460

4*970

4,970

May.

4,710

5,240

6,140

2,750

4,460

4,220

4,460

3,550

3,990

3,990

3,990

3,990

3,340

7,130

3,550

3,550

4,970

5,530

3,340

?,140

4,710

3,140

3,140

3,140

3,550

3,140

3,990

3,990

June.

3,550

3,550

3,990

3,140

3,770

3,990

4,970

4 Q7fl

2,470

4,460

8,940

10,500

8,570

6,790

5,240

4 460

13' 800

8

Q4A

8 Q4H

1 7 Rfifi

10,500

4,970

3,340

3,550

2,750

2,030

1,700

1,940

1,860

July.

1,780

1,940

2,200

2,030

840

560

610

665

720

840

780

720

780

665

610

560

510

610

560

510

510

415

510

14,600

Aug.

8,200

4,970

4,460

3,990

3,550

1,860

1,240

1,030

1,320

1,540

1,700

1,320

1,100

1,170

2,120

2,380

2,290

2,200

2,470

2,030

1,940

1,860

1,940

2,200

2,030

1,860

1,780

1,460

1,320

1,460

Sept.

1,390

1,240

1,100

902

665

610

720

560

510

510

580

520

460

400

340

300

340

400

480

600

760

660

600

580

600

640

500

440

400

380

NOTE. Stage-diseharge,relation affected by ice Dec. 26 to Apr. 4; discharge determined from a study of 

observed gage heights, two discharge measurements, temperature records, and hydrograph comparison 

with East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone; affected by logjams Sept. 11-30, and discharge determined by comparisons with near-by streams. Discharge estimated Apr. 5-6, and also June 18, 21, and 

July 31, when water was over the gage.
KEKNEBEC RIVER BASIN. 37

Monthly discharge of Dead River at The Forks, Maine, for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 878 square miles.]

Month.

December .....................................

July...........................................

August ........................................

The year ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,620 

1.390 

3,550 

780 

510 

3,250 

10,500 

7,130 

17,800 

14,600 

8,200 

1,390

17,800

Minimum .

100 

100 

510 

100 

325 

325 

1,860 

2,750 

1,700 

415 

1,030 

300

100

Mean.

406 

356 

1,080 

560 

389 

941 

4,140 

4,120 

5,610 

1,260 

2,290 

606

1,820

Per 

square 

mile.

0.463 

.405 

1.23 

.638 

.443 

1.07 

4.72 

4.69 

6.39 

1.44 

2.61 

.690

2.07

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.53 

.45 

1.42 

.74 

.46 

1.23 

5.27 

5.41 

7.13 

1.66 

3.01 

.77

28.08

SEBASTICOOK RIVER AT PITTSFIELD, MAINE.

LOCATION. At steel highway bridge just above Maine Central Railroad bridge in 

Pittsfield, Somerset County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 320 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 27, 1908, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain attached to highway bridge; read by C. D. Morrill.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the highway bridge-.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent; banks high and rocky and not subject to overflow.

EXTREMES or DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.7 feet at 6.20 

a., m. June 19 (discharge, 5,590 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during 

year, 2.7 feet at 6 a. m. October 10 and 9 a. m. and 6 p. m. October 15 (discharge, 

148 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation'not seriously affected by ice, as the rapid fall and the 

proximity of the power plant immediately above station tend to keep river open.

REGULATION. About 800 feet upstream from the station is the dam of the American Woolen Co. (Pioneer Mills) and the Smith Textile Co.; and about half a mile 

farther upstream is the dam of the American Woolen Co.'s Waverly Mill; the. 

storage of water at these dams causes diurnal fluctuation at the gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation shifts occasionally. Rating curve fairly well 

defined. Gage read to tenths twice daily. Owing to lack of exact information 

in regard to the stage at night when mills are shut down, figures for daily discharge are not published.

The following discharge measurement was made by F. E. Pressey: 

May 15, 1917: Gage height, 3.70 feet; discharge, 602 second-feet.
38 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PAET I.

Twice-daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sebasticook River at Pittsfield, Maine, for the 

year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

l..............

2. .............

3--..--..-...-.

3..............

5..............

6..............

1.. ............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13....... .......

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Day.

1..............

2. .............

3..............

4... ...........

5.... ..........

' 6..............

7. .............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28...............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

A.M.

180 

214 

250 

214 

214

214 

214 

214 

214 

148

214 

214 

214 

214 

148

180 

214 

214 

180 

214

214 

214 

250 

214 

250

214 

250 

214 

214 

214 

180

P.M.

180 

250 

289 

289 

289

289 

214 

214 

289 

250

250 

250 

214 

180

148

250 

289 

289 

250 

289

214 

214 

289 

331 

331

289 

331 

214 

250 

289 

250

Apr.

A.M.

1,910 

2,420 

2,420 

2,420 

2,550

2,550 

3,770 

4,470 

4,750 

4,190

3,910 

3,630 

3,070 

2,680 

2,680

2,680 

2,550 

2,550 

2,550 

2,550

2,810 

2,810 

2,940 

3,070 

3,070

2,680 

2,290 

2,030 

1,670 

1,430

P.M.

2,160 

2,420 

2,420 

2,550 

2,550

2,680 

4,050 

4,610 

4,470 

4,050

3,770 

3,350 

2,810 

2,680 

2,680

2,550 

2,550 

2,550 

2,550 

2,550

2,810 

2,810 

2,940 

3,070 

2,940

2,550 

2,160 

1,910 

1,550 

1,430

Nov.

A.M.

289 

214 

214 

214 

180

214 

214 

214 

214 

214

214 

180 

180 

250 

331

250 

289 

289 

214 

250

250 

289 

289 

289 

331

250 

289 

289 

331 

331

P.M.

250 

331 

289 

214 

180

331 

289 

289 

289 

289

289 

180 

250 

331 

376

331 

331 

331 

214 

331

331 

331 

289 

376 

376

250 

331 

331 

331 

331

May.

A.M.

1,320 

1,210 

1,210 

1,100 

1,000

590 

815 

815 

657 

657

590 

590 

590 

590 

530

475 

475 

376 

376 

331

289 

289 

331 

331 

250

250 

250 

289 

331 

250 

331

P.M.

1,320 

1,210 

1,210 

1,100 

530

657 

815 

657 

657 

590

590 

590 

590 

530 

530

475 

424 

376 

331 

376

289 

289 

331 

289 

250

250 

250 

289 

289 

289 

331

Dec.

A.M.

1,320 

2,030 

2,550 

2,290 

2,290

2,290 

2,160 

2,030 

1,670 

1,320

1,210 

1,100 

1,000 

905 

815

732 

732 

657 

590 

590

475 

475 

530 

657 

732

815 

815 

732 

657 

590 

590

P.M.

1.550 

2,550 

2,550 

2,290 

2,290

2,160 

2,160 

1,910 

1,550 

1,320

1,210 

1,100 

1,000 

 815 

815

732 

732 

657 

590 

530

475 

475 

530 

657 

732

815 

815 

732 

657 

590 

590

June.

A.M.

331 

331 

289 

376 

424

424 

376 

331 

331 

250

424 

1,210 

2,030 

2,290 

2,290

2,290 

2,420 

4,890 

5,590 

5,030

4,330 

3,490 

2,680 

1,910 

1,670

1,430 

1,320 

1,100 

905 

732

P.M.

331 

289 

331 

424 

424

424 

376 

331 

250 

289

590 

1,550 

2,160 

2,290 

2,290

2,290 

2,940 

5,450 

5,450 

4,750

4,050 

3,070 

2,420 

1,790 

1,550

1.430 

1,210 

1,000 

905 

657

Jan.

A.M.

530 

530 

530

424 

424

424 

424 

424 

475 

424

475 

424 

250 

289 

424

530 

530 

590 

590 

590

475 

590 

475 

530 

475

475 

475 

475 

424 

376 

376

P.M.

530 

530 

530 

424 

424

424 

424 

475 

475 

475

475 

475 

250 

289 

590

530 

530 

590 

590 

530

475 

590 

530 

530 

475

475 

475 

475 

376 

376 

424

July.

A.M.

530 

590 

530 

530 

530

530 

475 

289 

289 

331

331 

331 

331 

331 

331

331 

331 

331 

331 

,331

331 

331 

376 

331 

331

331 

331 

289 

214 

376 

1,550

P.M.

530 

590 

590 

590 

530

475 

331 

289 

289 

331

331 

331 

331 

331 

331

331 

331 

331 

376 

331

331 

331 

376 

331 

331

331 

331 

214 

331 

424 

2,030

Feb.

A.M.

376 

424 

424 

376 

376

376 

376 

331 

376 

289

289 

331 

289 

331 

376

289 

376 

289 

475 

376

376 

331 

331 

331 

148

331 

331

424

P.M.

424 

424 

424 

376 

376

331 

376 

376 

289 

289

289 

376 

376 

376 

376

**289 

289 

289 

376 

331

376 

376 

331 

148 

148

376 

376 

376

Aug.

A.M.

2,030 

2,030 

2,030 

2,030 

1,790

1,550 

1,210 

1,000 

815 

732

815 

732 

732 

657 

657

475 

530 

475 

475 

475

530 

475 

475 

530 

657

1,100 

1,000 

905 

815 

815 

732

P.M.

2,030 

2,030 

2,030 

1,910 

1,670

1,320 

1,210 

1,000 

732 

815

732 

732 

732 

732 

331

475 

530 

475 

475 

530

530 

475 

475 

530 

815

1,100 

1,000 

905 

815 

815 

732

Mar.

A.M.

376 

376 

376 

148 

331

331 

331 

331 

376 

815

148 

289 

331 

331 

289

250 

289 

148 

331 

289

289 

250 

289 

289 

214

289 

331 

1,430 

1,670 

1,670 

1,670

P.M.

376 

331 

148 

148 

376

376 

376 

376 

331 

148

148 

331 

331 

331 

331

331 

148 

148 

289 

250

331 

331 

331 

214 

214

331

376 

1,790 

1,670 

1,670 

1,790

Sept.

A.M.

732 

590 

590 

590 

590

475 

475 

475 

475 

475

475 

424 

424 

331 

376

289 

289 

331 

331 

331

376 

331 

250 

331 

331

331 

376 

376 

331 

250

P.M.

590 

590 

590 

590 

530

475 

475 

475 

475 

424

424 

424 

424 

376 

376

331 

289 

331 

331 

376

331 

250 

250 

376 

376

376 

376 

376 

250 

250
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I. 39

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER BASIN. 

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER AT ERROL DAM, N. H.

LOCATION. At Errol dam, 1 mile above Errol, Coos County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,095 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1905, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Movable rod gage; readings taken daily from sill of deep gate No. 6; elevation of zero of gage or sill of gate, 1,231.3 feet above mean sea level.

DISCHARGE. Computed from discharge through 14 gates in the dam by means of 

coefficients determined from a few discharge measurements. 1

ICE. Stage-discharge relation little affected by ice.

REGULATION. Errol dam regulates the storage of Umbagog Lake, the lower of the 

Rangeley series of lakes, comprising the principal storage of Androscoggin River 

and amounting to nearly 20 billion cubic feet, and also a recently developed 

storage site on Magalloway River created by the Aziscohos Dam, which amounts 

to about 9.6 billion cubic feet, thus making the total storage about 29.6 billion 

cubic feet. Errol dam is about 5 miles below outlet-of Umbagog Lake and 

about 3.5 miles below mouth of Magalloway River, thus making this stream one 

of the feeders of Umbagog Lake. Results not corrected for storage.

COOPERATION. Records obtained and computations of daily discharge made under 

direction of Walter H. Sawyer, agent for Union Water Power Co., Lewiston, Me.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Androscoggin River at Errol dam, N. H., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10. ..............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

9S

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Oct.

1,670

1,740

1.720

1,720

1,760

1,790

1,880

1,930

1,940

1,870

1,850

1,770

1,640

1,680

1,790

1,760

1.800

1,740

1,110

1,000

1,140

1 A.x*(\

1,620

1,630

1,640

1,640

1,620

Nov.

1,630

1,590

1,640

1,640

1,640

1,760

1,810

1,780

1,760

1,870

1,810

1,760

1,820

1,930

1,960

1,930

1,790

1,750

1,810

1,820

1,720

1,210

1,430

1,560

1,690

1 600

l', 300

Dec.

1,060

1,080

1,090

1,300

1,440

1,430

1,430

1,420

1,510

1,540

1,510

1,500

1,570

1,620

1,580

1,470

1,630

1,700

1,730

1,780

1,800

1,800

1,800

1,800

1,810

1,810

1,810

1,690

1,710

1,760

1,820

JaH.

1,820

1,850

1,880

1,860

1,850

1,830

1,820

1,870

2,010

1,970

1,970

2,010

2,030

1,880

1,830

1J810

1,810

1.800

1,840

1,900

1,970

1,990

1,950

1,940

1,970

2,060

2,100

2,130

2,150

2,120

Feb.

2,110

2 1 ^0

2.150

2,100

2 fun

2,030

2,040

2,050

2,040

2,050

2,350

2,380

2,470

2 490

2,520

2,530

2,460

Mar.

2,400

2,460

2,450

2,490

2,540

2,550

2,490

2,500

2,500

2,440

2,440

2,460

2,480

2,480

2,430

2,140

2,080

2,090

2,060

2,060

2,040

2,250

2,230

2,200

1,890

1 630

1,520

1,630

Apr.

1,550

1.610

1,770

1,690

1,640

1,590

1,550

1,500

1,470

1,840

1,830

1,660

1,570

1,530

1,380

1,330

i ^Sfi

1,310

844

939

1,440

1,760

1,790

1,820

1,820

1,830

1,870

May.

1,940

1,960

1,980

1,970

1,970

1,940

1,920

1,910

1,900

1,730

1,200

930

951

941

1,670

1,850

1,850

1,850

1,870

1,880

1,940

2,860

2,780'

2,640

2,340

2,290

2,280

2,230

2,160

June.

2,160

2,160

2,180

2,190

2,410

2,670

3,280

4,540

4,980

4,890

4,800

5,360

7,170

9,060

9,880

9,360

9,270

9,630

10,600

11,900

12,500

12,300

11,900

11,500

10,600

9,190

8,190

7,030

6,430

5,730

July.

4,600

3,860

3,550

3,100

2,220

2,460

2,040

2,390

2,230

2,030

1,560

1,760

2,160

2,190

2,350

2,370

2,340

2,300

2,390

2,400

2,310

2,240

2,200

2,240

2,360

2,600

2,720

2,580

2,520

2,580

2,560

Aug.

2,520

2,480

2,500

2,490

2,540

2,460

2,420

2,060

2,270

2,360

2,320

2,380

2,310

2,190

1,710

1,500

2,080

1,780

1,550

1,430

1,410

1,380

1,280

1,280

1,330

1,540

1,670

1,700

1,690

Sept.

1,630

1 750

l'950

1 Q^rt

1,890

1 ftfifi

1 800

1 R^fi

1,870

I Qftfi

1 940

l',940

1,980

2,010

1,940

1,930

1,930

1,900

1,880

1,680

1,660

1,700

1,830

1,860

1,770

1,830

1,840

1,820

1,850

1 See IT. S. Geol. Survey Water Supply Paper 321, p. 61.
40 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Androscoggin River at Errol dam, N. H.,for the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 1,095 square miles.]

Month.

February. .....................................

April..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,950 

1,960 

1.820 

2,150 

2,530 

2,550 

1,870 

2,860 

12,500 

4,600 

2,540 

2,010

12,500

Minimum.

1,000 

987 

1,060 

1,800 

2,020 

1,520 

844 

930 

2,160 

1,560 

1,280 

1,630

844

Mean.

1,670 

1,680 

1,580 

1,940 

2,210 

2,220 

1,530 

1,940 

7,130 

2,490 

1,980 

1,850

2,340

Per 

square 

mile.

1.53 

1.53

1.44 

1.77 

2.02 

2.03 

1.40 

1.77 

6.51 

2.27 

1.81 

1.69

2.14

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.76 

1.71 

1.66 

2.04 

2.10 

2.34 

1.56 

2.04 

7.26 

2.o2 

2.09 

1.89

29.07

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches do not 

represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage.

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER AT BERLIN, N. H.

LOCATION. At upper or sawmill dam of Berlin Mills Co. at Berlin, Coos County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,350 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 1, 1913, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Fixed gages are maintained in the river above the forebay racks and in the 

tailrace immediately below the outlet of the wheels; these gages are referred to 

the same datum, and the differences in the readings give the head acting on the 

wheels; a gage is also attached to each wheel gate, from which the wheel-gate 

opening can be ascertained.

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. Discharge computed from curves prepared from 

Holyoke tests of the wheel runners, using the head and gate openings as ascertained 

from the gages. Quantity of water wasted over the dam is computed by the 

Francis formula for discharge over weirs.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

REGULATION. Under an agreement between the power users on Androscoggin River, 

the flow at Berlin, N. H., is maintained at a minimum of 1,550 second-feet and 

at such a point above 1,550 second-feet as is consistent with the constant maintenance of that quantity. Final regulation of the river is made at Pontocook 

dam, N. H., above which is a pond containing about a day's supply; the primary 

regulation is made at Errol, N. H., about 30 miles above Berlin.

COOPERATION. Gages are under the direction of George P. Abbott, of the Berlin Mills 

Co., and discharge record is furnished for publication by Walter H. Sawyer, 

agent for Union Water Power Co., Lewiston, Maine.
ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER BASIN. 41

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Androscoggin River at Berlin, N. H.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

2,600

2,400

1,950

2,150

1,940

1,940

1,940

1,950

2,000

1,990

1,950

1,940

2,000

1,950

1,930

1,930

1,940

1,950

1,950

2,150

2,050

1,800

1,860

1,940

1,940

1,970

1,990

1,970

1,970

1,960

1,930

Nov.

1,950

1,970

1,980

1,970-

2,050

1,960

1,930

1,940

1,950

2,000

1,975

1,975

1,960

1,950

1,940

1,950

1,970

2,040

2,080

2,030

1,950

1,980

2,050

2,350

2,850

2,700

2,470

2,350

2,200

2,570

Dec.

3,500

3,100

2,700

2,070

2,100

2,220

2,250

2,160

2,080

2,060

2,050

2,030

1,940

2,030

2,080

2,000

2,000

2,030

2,050

2,050

2,080

2,150

2

1 Krt

2,150

2,170

2,150

2,075

2,100

2,060

1,900

Jan.

1,980

2,050

2,000

2,000

2,000

1,990

1,980

1,980

1,990

2,070

2,130

2,100

2,080

2,080

2,080

2,080

2,100

2,150

2,120

2,100

2,100

2,100

2

1AA

2,100

2,100

2,100

2

1 AA

2,100

2,100

2,150

2,150

Feb.

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,150

2,250

2

eflA

9 ^fm

2,500

2,500

2,500

2

ee:A

2,470

Mar.

2,450

2,450

2,500

2,500

2,500

2,500

2,500

2,500

2,500

2,500

2,500

2,500

2,500

2,480

2,500

2,500

2,500

2,280

2,320

9 ^ftft

2,280

2,250

2,400

2,400

2,400

2,500

2,650

2,400

9 4rm

2,400

Apr.

2,400

2,200

2,500

2,650

2,600

2,650

2,750

2,750

2,700

2,600

2,550

2,500

2,300

1,900

1 QQft

1 830

2' 080

2,420

3,300

3,600

4,500

5,900

5,300

4,600

4,450

4 ivi

4,200

4,200

4,700

May.

4,650

4,600

4,300

4,100

4,100

4,000

3,800

3,600

3,800

3,850

3,750

3,600

3,600

3,600

3,450

3,300

3,300

3,300

3,300

3,350

4,100

3,700

3,600

4,200

4,700

4,450

4,350

4,000

3,800

3,950

June.

3,650

3,800

3,800

3,900

3,900

3,600

3,650

4,300

5,800

6,500

7,500

10,800

12,000

f 1,000

11,000

11,000

12,000

20 000 is' ooo

17,500

18,000

17 600

16,000

15,200

13,900

12,800

1L.200

10,500

10,600

July.

10,600

7,600

6,700

6,000

4,200

3,000

3,000

1,850

2,700

2,200

1,750

1,900

2,100

1,600

1,600

2,100

2,000

2,000

1,900

1 900

1 900 2' ooo

2,000

1,900

1,900

2,000

2

AAA

1,700

1,500

2,500

2,500

Aug.

1,800

1,900

1,900

.1,900

1,800

1,800

1,800

1,800

1,800

1,800

1,800

1,700

1,800

1,800

1,900

2,100

2,100

2,200

2,000

2,500

9 (Vtfl

2,700

2,300

2,200

2,300

2,400

2,200

2,200

2,000

2,000

1,800

Sept.

2,200

2,200

2,200

2,200

2,000

1,900

2,000

1,700

2,400

2,000

1,900

1,800

1,800

2,000

2,000

2,100

2,300

2,200

2,000

2,300

2,300

2,300

2.300

2,200

2,000

1,800

1,700

1,800

1,900

1,900

NOTE. Discharge Sept. 3 estimated.

Monthly discharge of Androscoggin River at Berlin, N. H., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

[Drainage area, 1,350 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,600 

2,850 

3,500 

2, 150 

2,550 

2,650 

5,900 

4,700 

20,000 

10,600 

2,700 

2,400

20,000

Minimum.

1,800 

1,930 

1,900 

1,980 

2,150 

2,250 

1,830 

3,300 

3.600 

1,500 

1,700 

1,700

1,500

Mean.

2,000 

2,100 

2,170 

2,070 

2,260 

2,450 

3,140 

3,880 

10,600 

2,860 

2,030 

2,010

3,120

Per 

square 

mile.

1.48 

1.56 

1.61 

1.53 

1.67 

1.81 

2.33 

2.87 

7.85 

2.12 

1.50 

1.52

2.31

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.71 

1.74 

1.86 

1.76 

1.74 

2.09 

2.60 

3.31 

8.76 

2.44 

1.73 

1.70

31.44

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches do not 

represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage. The yearly discharge and runoff 

doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored water is held over from year 

to year.
42 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER AT RUMFORD FALLS, MAINE.

LOCATION. At dam of Rumford Falls Power Co. at Rumford, Oxford County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,090 square miles.

RECORDS AVAII^ABLE. May 18, 1892, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. One in pond above dam; another in tailrace of power house.

DISCHARGE. Computed from discharge over the dam by use of the Francis weir 

formula with modified coefficient, and the quantities passing through the various 

wheels of the power house, which have been carefully rated.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation little affected by ice.

REGULATION. Storage in Rangeley system of lakes at headwaters of Androscoggin 

River aggregates about 29.6 billion cubic feet. The stored water is regulated 

in the interests of the water-power users below. Results not corrected for storage.

COOPERATION. Records obtained and computations made by Charles A. Mixer, 

engineer, Rumford Falls Power Co.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Androscoggin River at Rumford Falls, Maine, for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1........ ......

2..............

3..............

4. .............

5..............

6..............

7. .............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16. .............

17. .............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24. .............

25..............

26. .............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

so..:...........

31..............

Oct.

2,670

2,850

2.650

2,470

2,410

2,330

2,350

1,930

2,510

2,440

2,470

2,330

2,280

2,480

2,030

2,520

2,390

2,340

2,400

3,640

3,490

2,650

2,790

2,690

2,650

2,580

2,530

2,490

2,290 

2,550

2,490

Nov.

2,440

2,590

2,630

2,540

2,250

2,420

2,420

2,360

2,380

2,410

2,480

2,250

2,470

2,430

2,340

2,370

2,300

2,390

1,970

2,570

2,310

2,070

2,450

4,440

4,190

1,980

2,930

3,120

4 Qfift

Dec.

8,950

5,370

3,640

3,260

3,240

3,410

3,380

3,240

3,060

2,950

2,980

2,920

2,290

2,050

2,370

2,270

2,230

2,230

2,450

2,550

2,570

2,690

2,880

2,860

2,330

2,550

2,590

2,520

2

01 A

Jan.

2,300

2,530

2,460

2,410

2,450

2,490

2,030

2,350

2,420

2,430

2,370

2,330

2,280

2,180

2,920

2,930

2,890

2,810

2.750

2,600

2,430

2 finn

2,520

2,480

2,470

2

AA A

2,870

2,490

2,510

Feb.

2,490

2,500

2,450

2,400

2,520

2,490

2,480

2,450

2,510

2,470

2,190

2,430

2,430

2,430

2,410

2,470

2,460

2,150

2,550

2,620

2 680

2' 7ftfl

9 S7O

2,800

2

QQf\

Mar.

2,920

2,890

2,880

2,760

2,880

2,860

2,870

2,840

2,800

2,790

2,830

2,730

2,680

2,800

2,810

2,730

2,340

2,540

2,470

2,510

2,540

2

aeA

2,620

3,280

3

Q7H

7,640

7,290

C OOA

Apr.

4,230

4,470

4,550

4,760

5,020

5,430

6,440

6,030

4,940

4,130

3,820

3,980

4,040

3,930

3,470

3,920

4,560

5,700

7 Qftfl

9,060

11, 100

13,500

11,000

8 040

7 380

6,430

6,110

6,450 

7 Qfin

May.

7,110

6,620

6,210

6,030

5,920

5,490

5,220

5,080

5,260

5,330

5,310

5,430

4,930

5,430

6,100

5,310

4,670

5,000

6 400

7 430

5*960

5,400

6,680

6,480

5,710

4 940

4,' 930

4,970 

6 030

5^540

June.

5,520

5,580

5,370

6,730

5,750

4,990

4,720

5,040

6,460

6,640

13,800

21,700

19,700

14,800

14,900

13,700

14 500 so'soo

23,400

17 3ftn

16,900

16,700

15,800

14,000

13,200

11,600

10,200

9, 170

8,620 

9 330 '

July.

8,310

6,730

5,710

4,760

4,730

3,590

2,980

2,590

2,680

3,000

2,780

2,710

2,800

2,800

2,330

2,810

2,820

2,760

2,740

2 71ft

2,660

2,400

2 4.7H

2,830

2,630

2,510

2,550

2,090

2

QQfi

Aug.

2,410

2,560

2,550

2,430

2,000

2,490

2,400

2,360

2,520

2,770

2,730

2,180

2,540

2,480

2,680

2,830

3,270

3,590

2,520

2 Q7H

3,930

3,870

3,330

4,500

5,380

3,830

3,480

3,020

2,880 

2 960

S ifift

Sept.

2,840

2,360

2.150

2,870

2,690

2,590

2,530

2,450

2,160

2,390

2,290

2,270

2,250

2,250

2,280

1,800

2,300

2,260

2,250

2

ocn

2,420

2,080

2,310

2,330

2,280

2,160 

2,020
ANDROSCOGGIN EIVEK BASIN. 43

Monthly discharge of Androscoggin River at Rumford Falls, Maine, for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 2,090 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

February. .....................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,640 

4,960 

8,950 

2,930 

2,910 

7,640 

13,500 

7,430 

30,300 

8,310 

5,380 

2,870

30,300

Minimum.

1,930 

1,970 

2,050 

2,030 

2,150 

2,340 

3,470 

4,930 

4,720 

2,090 

2,000 

1,800

1,800

Mean.

2,540 

2,630 

2,990 

2,510 

2,510 

3,220 

6,070 

5,690 

12,200 

3,220 

2,990 

2,350

4,070

Per 

square 

mile.

1.22 

1.26 

1.43 

1.20 

1.20 

1.54 

2.90 

2.72 

5.85 

1.54 

1.43 

1.12

1.95

Run-Off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.41 

1.41 

1.65 

1.38 

1.25 

1.78 

3.24 

3.14 

6.53 

1.78 

1.65 

1.25

26.47

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-_pff in depth in inches do not 

represent the natural now from the basin because of artificial storage.

MAGALLOWAY RIVER AT AZISCOHOS DAM, MAINE.

LOCATION. At Aziscohos dam, Oxford County, about 15 miles above mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 215 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1912, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Vertical staff in two sections, the lower attached to one of the concrete buttresses of the dam and the upper on the concrete gate tower.

DETERMINATION OF DISCHARGE. Discharge determined from readings of gate openings. Gates have been rated by current-meter measurements at a station about 

a mile below the dam.

REGULATION. The capacity of the storage reservoir above the dam is 9,593,000,000 

cubic feet, and the discharge is regulated for power interests below. The operation of the gates is planned to maintain as nearly as possible a constant flow at 

Berlin, N. H. Results not corrected for storage.

COOPERATION. Discharge computed and furnished for publication by Walter H. 

Sawyer, agent Union Water Power Co., Lewiston, Maine.
44

Monthly dii

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

of Magalloway River at Aziscohos dam, Maine, for the year ending 

Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 215 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,800 

1,450 

1.400 

184 

801 

1,560 

1,070 

1,200 

4,660 

1,610 

1,780 

1,880

4,660

Minimum.

97 

86 

87 

183 

165 

164 

76 

81 

99 

216 

99 

502

76

Mean.

1,220 

946 

514 

183 

259 

957 

240 

277 

1,650 

404 

648 

1,400

724

Per 

square 

mile.

5.67 

4.40 

2.39 

.85 

1.67 

4.45 

1.12 

1.29 

7.67 

1.88 

2.55 

6.53

3.37

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

6.54 

4.-91 

2.76 

.98 

1.74 

5.13 

1.25 

1'.49 

8.56 

2.17 

2.94 

7.29

45.76

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches do 

not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage. The yearly discharge and runoff doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored water is held over from 

year to year.

LITTLE ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER NEAR SOUTH PARIS, MAINE.

LOCATION. At left end of an old dam at Bisco Falls, 200 feet below highway bridge 

and 5 miles above South Paris, Oxford County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 75 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 14, 1913, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain on left bank installed April 16, 1914; original gage, a vertical staff, 

was destroyed by ice March 2, 1914; from March 18 to April 9, 1914, a chain 

gage on a footbridge was used; all gages referred to same datum and at practically same place. Gage read by G. A. Jackson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. At low and medium stages water flows through opening 

at left of old stone dam; opening was enlarged by high water of April 9, 1914; 

water flows over dam at gage height 5.30 feet.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.4 feet at 7 p. m. 

June 12 (discharge, 2,070 second-feet); minimum stage recorded during year, 

1.5 feet several times in July and August (discharge, 20 second-feet).

ICE. Control remains open throughout the winter; stage-discharge relation not 

affected by ice.

REGULATION. Storage at Snows Falls, 1J miles above the station, and at West 

Paris, 4 miles above, has some effect on regimen of stream.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed at the time of high water April 9, 1914; 

otherwise practically permanent. Rating curve well defined below 700 secondfeet and fairly well defined between 700 and 1,800 second-feet. Gage read to 

tenths once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying rating table to 

daily gage height. Records good except for times of sudden changes in stage, 

when the number of gage readings is insufficient to determine accurately the 

mean daily flow.
AFDROSCOGGIN RIVER BASIN. 45

Discharge measurements of Little Androscoggin River near South Paris, Maine, during

the year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

[Made by G. C. Danforth.]

Date.

April 16..^.. ........................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.81

1.94

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

421

43.6

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Androscoggin River near South Paris, Maine, 

for the year ending. Sept. 30, 1917.

' Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

108

92

84

84

84

76

76

40

76

68

61

68

68

61

47

61

61

54

61

372

99Q

169

132

124

116

116

84

84

76

68

Nov.

90

108

92

76

61

76

61

61

54

54

61

40

47

40

61

61

68

68

47

84

68

61

61

314

124

108

108

100

108

360

Dec.

1.180

493

303

199

179

209

199

149

149

124

124

132

124

yw

100

108

100

108

100

108

116

070

270

91 Q

159

1 CQ

140

124

108

108

Jan.

108

108

100

116

124

124

100

116

124

124

116

108

84

108

OOQ

209

189

124

116

108

92

Q9

100

100

84

84

Q9

84

68

Feb.

61

61

68

68

61

61

61

61

47

47

47

47

54

54

C4

C4

54

54

ZA

54

KA

ZA

54

61

54

61

68

68

Mar.

61

68

68

61

61

61

54

61

61

61

61

61

61

68

76

76

68

61

61

61

68

76

108

116

140

900

ono

585

493

Apr.

493

475

512

475

458

585

1.280

700

558

458

348

360

348

458

426

4QO

F119

535

585

con

760

615

442

411

384

360

348

348

May.

314

292

303

325

303

270

239

229

229

91 Q

189

169

219

1QQ

219

159

124

108

116

116

209

94Q

209

149

1^9

132

169

239

199

June.

159

159

140

179

132

116

108

124

189

199

760

1,970

1,080

535

585

493

1,180

1,180

830

615

493

458

348

303

360

303

229

179

132

384

July.

219

179

169

116

108

108

92

68

68

68

76

Q9

100

92

92

76

61

47

47

29

24

24

20

29

34

-34

29

29

29

29

24

Aug.

24

20

20

24

20

24

20

20

20

20

24

24

24

24

29

84

169

92

108

OOQ

140

116

189

348

281

140

140

169

169

159

Sept.

108

92

76

76

61

47

47

47

40

40

34

34

9Q

29

24

24

9Q

34

40

47

68

54

54

47

40

4f>

34

34

30

24

NOTE. Discharge estimated Feb. 15-22.

Monthly discharge of Little Androscoggin River near South Paris, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 75 square miles.]

Month.

July..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

372 

360 

1,180 

239 

68 

900 

1,280 

325 

1,970 

219 348- 

108

1,970

Minimum.

40 

40 

100 

68 

47 

54 

348 

108 

108 

20 

20 

24

20

Mean.

95-3 

90.7 

200 

118 

57-0 

160 

515 

203 

464 

71.4 

93.7 

46.1

176

Per 

square 

mile.

1.27 

.1.21 

2.67 

1.57 

.760 

2.13 

6.87 

2.71 

6.19 

.952 

1.25 

.615

2.35

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.46 

1-35 

3.08 

1.81 

.79 

2.46 

7-66 

3-12 

6.91 

1.10 

1.44 

.67

31.85
46 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

PRESUMPSCOT RIVER BASIN. 

PREStTMPSCOT RIVER AT OUTLET OF SEBAGO LAKE, MAINE.

LOCATION. At outlet dam at Sebago Lake and hydroelectric plant at Eel Weir Falls, 

Cumberland County, 1 mile below lake outlet.

DRAINAGE AREA. 436 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1887, to September 30, 1917. Results of a recomputation of all data from 1887 to 1911 are published in the second annual 

report of Maine State Water Storage Commission.

GAGES. On bulkhead of gatehouse at outlet dam and in forebay and tailrace of 

power plant.

DISCHARGE. Prior to March, 1904, discharge was determined from records of opening of gates in dam; since March, 1904, flow from lake has been recorded by three 

Alien meters, one on each of three pairs of 30-inch Hercules wheels; wheels and 

recording meters checked by current-meter measurements, brake tests of wheels, 

and electrical readings of the generator outpiit. Water wasted at regulating 

gates is measured from records of gate openings and coefficients determined from 

current-meter measurements.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

REGULATION. Sebago Lake (area, 46 square miles) is under complete regulation. 

Results not corrected for storage.

COOPERATION. Entire record furnished by S. D. Warren Co.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Preswnpscpt River at outlet of Sebago Lake, Maine, 

for the year ending Sept. 30, ij)17.

Day.

1. ........-----

4. ....... ------

5. ....... ------

6......-.-.----

1. .............

8. ...... -------

g10.. ............

11..............

12......-..-.---

13........-.-..-

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

333

795

867

893

802

857

883

242

890

845

897

853

783

837

360

888

830

828

870

902

858

262

835

830

795

880

.878

678

097

892

887

Nov.

875

755

845

882

332

863

870

848

788

837

827

503

807

808

840

875

870

808

383

830

790

875

877

670

762

317

882

855

coe

730

Dee.

673

792

342

793

840

811

868

820

782

817

837

825

828

785

807

275

845

833

838

790

760

755

999

273

697

845

837

787

723

347

Jan.

760

828

827

858

835

733

300

808

7O9

CAC

707

840

840

267

695

787

832

768

827

277

743

820

CQA

840

813

318

Rfl9

835

840

Feb.

810

$33

283

77 e

830

837

837

9A^

842

O.4C

830

835

837

773

318

842

CM.9

812

840

CIO

000

410

818

OOA

Mar.

842

827

837

307

790

840

838

835

835

800

252

842

845

835

840

807

ooo

835

040

850

840

838

QQO

91°.

700

693

7 CO

700 740

708

Apr.

212

737

798

780

812

667

562

222

843

807

780

842

802

340

803

798

7O9

833

77^

ORE:

832

840

777

838

888

650

OQC

812

May.

842

787

828

813

752

270

813

842

837

795

800

275

823

755

793

807

785

705

765

780

738

70 e

808

727

295

807

719

705

757

June.

720

740

253

743

705

768

745

722

707

245

623

828

985

697

738

1,080

1,800

2,330

2,420

2,470

2,530

2

££A

2 7°.H

2,710

2,500

2,500

July.

2,480

2,450

2,400

2,350

2,330

2,180

2,240

1,650

847

835

808

807

792

285

770

765

712

coo

617

1 oo

7 CO

7 CO

7^9

762

780

743

263

768

787

Aug.

790

767

703

760

91ft

758

758

757

762

760

762

240

737

758

7S7

778

758

799

262

770

753

758

70 c

757

7QO

783

767

770

773

770

Sept.

720

45

237

740

783

727

832

752

260

785

797

815

805

803

803

268

798

805

808

812

807

799

one

70°,

812

807

802

797

7fi9

on/\
SAGO EIVEE BASIN. 47

Monthly discharge of Presumpscot River at outlet of Sebago Lake, Maine, for the year

ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 436 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

902 

882 

845 

858 

845 

845 

888 

842 

2,730 

2,480 

790 

832

2.730

Minimum.

242 

317 

222 

277 

283 

213 

212 

247 

245 

182 

210 

45

45

Mean.

761 

768 

704 

737 

755 

734 

699 

714 

1,560 

1,150 

691 

677

828

Per 

square 

mile.

1.75 

1.76 

1.61 

1.69 

1.73 

1.68 

1.60 

1.64 

3.58 

2.64 

1.58 

1.55

1.90

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.02 

1.96 

1.86 

1.95 

1.80 

1.94 

1.78 

1.89 

3.99 

3.04 

1.82 

1.73

25.78

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and the run-off in depth in inches do 

not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage. The yearly discharge and 

run-off doubtless represent more nearly the natural flow, for probably little stored water is held over 

fiom year to year.

SAGO RIVER BASIN.

SACO RIVER AT CORNISH, MAINE.

LOCATION. At highway bridge at Cornish, York County, half a mile below mouth of 

Ossipee River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,300 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 4, 1916, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain attached to bridge; read by S. J. Elliott.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed covered with sand and boulders. Channel broken by 

one pier at bridge.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during period covered by record, 9.4 

feet at 6.30 a: m. June 18, 1917 (discharge, from extension of rating curve, about 

17,400 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.-8 foot at 4.30 p. m. August 16, 

6.30 a. m. September 11 and September 22, 1917 (discharge, from extension of 

rating curve, about 635 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice which forms to considerable 

thickness.

REGULATION. The operation of power plants at Swan Falls and Kezar Falls probably 

has little effect on flow at station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice December to April. 

Rating curve fairly well denned between 1,000 and 9,000 second-feet. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Openwater records good; winter records fair.

Discharge measurements ofSaco River at Cornish, Maine, during the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

Date.

Nov. 14

Feb. 2

Apr. 12

20

Made by 

.....dO---.-...........

F. E. Press'ev ..........

G. C.Danforth.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.47

i3.71

5.05

4.97

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,150

1,290

. 6,700

Date.

May 1

8

17

25

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

c. 79

5.04

4.50

4.36

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

8

0 en

6,570

5,310

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
48

Daily dii

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

, in second-feet, of Saco River at Cornish, Maine, for the period June 4, 

1916, to Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1916. 

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15............ ..

June.

4,420

4,600

4,960

4,780

4,780

4,960

6,840

8,010

8,970

10,200

10,900

10,400

July.

4,600

4,260

4,600

4,960

5,960

6,180

6,180

6,180

5,750

5,340

4,960

4,600

4,420

4,260

3,920

Aug.

2,020

1,900

1,790

1,680

1,680.

1,570

1,570

1,460

1,790

2,140

2,540

2,680

2,540

2,400

2,270

Sept.

1,260

1,260

1,180

1,180

1,130

1,090

1,180

1,180

1,180

1,130

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,010

1,090

Day.

1916. 

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21 ...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

97

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

June.

9,940

9,700

10,200

9,940

9,940

9,940

9,460

8,730

7,770

7,300

7,070

6,620

5,960

5,540

4,960

July.

3,420

3,260

2,960

2,680

2,400

2,400

2,400

2,400

2,400

2,400

2,400

2,270

2,270

2,270

2,270

2,140

Aug.

2,140

1,900

1,900

1,680

1,570

1,460

1,460

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,360

1,260

1,260

Sept.

1,900

2,270

2,400

2,140

2,020

1,900

1,790

1,680

1,900

1,900

1,900

1,790

1,790

1,570

1,570

Day.

1916-17. 

1.. ............

2..............

3.............. 4.......:......

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,570

1,680

1,680

1,570

1,460

1,360

1,260

1,180

1,180

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,090

1 260

l!360

1,790

1,900

1,790

1,790

1,790

1,680

1,570

1,460

1,460

1,570

1,570

Nov.

1.460

1,460

1,360

1,360

1,460

1 460

L260

1,180

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,010

1,010

1,010

1 010

1,010

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,130

1,460

2

1 AC\

2,540

2,020

2,270

2,820

Dec.

3,920

4,600

4,780

4,600

4,420

4 260

4^260

3,920

3,420

3,260

3,120

2 Qfirt

2 fisrt

2 400

2^140

1 900

1,680

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,680

1,790

I Qfifl

2,140

2,140

2 1J/1

2,020

1 900

l'790

1,680

Jan.

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,680

1,790

1,790

1 900

1 900

1 900

1 J 7QA

1,680

1,680

1,790

1 900

1 900

1 900

i* ?on

 i 7(v\

1,680

1,790

1 900

1' 7on

1,680

1,680

1,570

1,570

1 460

l'360

1^360

Feb.

1,260

1,260

1 260

1,360

1,360

1 260

l'260

1 ISO

1,180

1,260

1,260

i 3ftn

1,260

1 260

1,260

1 260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260-

1 360

l'360

1 

'

360

Mar.

1,360

1,360

1,360

1,360

1,360

1,360

1, 360-

1,360

1,360

1 360

1,360

1,460

1 460

1,460

1,360

1 ^firt

1,260

1,260

1,260

I

Ofift

1,360

1,460

2

KA(\

3 ccft

4,780

6,180

5,140

5,140

Apr.

5,750

6,180

6,400

8

0C/\

in 4ftn

8,970

8,010

7 300

6'620

6

Af\T\

6,180

6,180

S Qfifi

6,180

6,180

7,530

7,770

8,490

9

Afif\

10,400

10 900

lo'900

10^400

9,460

C Q7ft

May.

8,250

7,770

7,530

7,300

7,070

7,070

6,620

6,180

6,180

6,180

S Qfirt

5,960

5,750

5,750

5,540

5,540

5,340

4,960

4 780

4,600

4,600

5,340

5,140

5 140

4,960

4 600

4,600

June.

4,420

4,260

4,420

4,600

4,420

4,420

4,260

4,960

5,960

7,530

9,700

n

Af\f\

19 QHfi

12,600

W Qfift

15,900

1ft 4Hfi

14,900

12,900

H 4f¥1

10,400

9 700

8,490

7,530

6,620

6,180

6,620

July.

6,180

6,180

6,180

5,960

5,340

4,960

4,600

4,260

3,920

3,580

3,260

3,120

2 fisn

2 fisn

2 400

2 97H

2,020

1 900

2 140

2,020

i Ton

1,570

1,460

1,680

1,680

1,570

1,570

Aug.

1,460

1,180

1,460

1,360

1,260

810

1,010

1,010

970

1,050

1,180

1,130

1,050

1,OQO

735

635

1,680

1,460

1 dfif\

1,570

1,570

1 4ftn

1,900

1,680

2,140

2,400

2 97H

2,270

Sept.

2,140

1,900

1,680

1,900

1,790

1,680

1,460

1,260

1,460

1,180

970

1,460

1,260

1,010

810

930

890

1,180

1,130

1,090

1,050

700

890

890

son

930

890

890

890

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice from Dee. 11 to Mar. 28; discharge determined from gape 

heights, comparisons with records of flow at power plant at West Buxton, and one discharge measurement. 

Discharge estimated Sept. 26, 1917.
SACO RIVER BASIN. 49

Monthly discharge of Saco River at Cornish, Maine, for the period June 4, 1916, to Sept.

30, 1917.

> [Drainage area, 1,300 square miles.]

Month.

1916. 

Tune 4-30. .....................................

July...........................................

September. ...................................

1916-17.

April..........................................

July...........................................

33i£charge in second-feet.

Maximum.

10,900 

6,180 

2,680 

2,400

1,900 

2,820 

4,780 

1,900 

1,360 

6,180 

10,900 

8,250 

16,900 

6,180 

2,400 

2,140

16, 900

Minimum.

4,420 

2,140 

1,260 

1,010

1,090 

1,010 

1,570 

1,360 

1,180 

1,260 

5,750 

4,600 

4,260 

1,460 

635 

700

635

Mean.

7,660 

3,760 

1,730 

1,520

1,440 

1,420 

2,720 

1,710 

1,280 

2,000 

7,800 

5,850 

8,740 

3,090 

1,470 

1,200

3,220

Per 

square 

mile.

5.89 

2.89 

1.33 

1.17

1.11 

1.09 

2.09 

1.32 

.985 

1.54 

6.00 

4.50 

6.72 

2.38 

1.13 

.923

2.48

Run-03 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

5.91 

3.33 

1.53 

1.30

1.28 

1.22 

2.41 

1.52 

1.03 

1.78 

6.69 

5.19 

7.50 

2.74 

1.30 

1.03

33.69

OSSIPEE RIVER AT CORNISH, MAINE.

LOCATION. At highway bridge in Cornish, York County, 1J miles above confluence 

with Saco River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 448 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 5, 1916, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain attached to bridge; read by O. W. Adams.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed covered with sand and gravel; possibly shifting somewhat. Channel broken by one pier at bridge.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE Maximum stage during period covered by record, 7.25 

feet at 6 a. m. June 18, 1917 (discharge, from extension of rating curve, about 

6,480 second-feet); minimum stage, 1.0 feet several times in September and 

October, 1916, and 7 a. m. September 22, and 2 p. m. September 23, 1917 (discharge, 320 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice which forms to considerable 

thickness.

REGULATION. Flow affected by dams at Kezar Falls and at outlet of Great Ossipee 

Lake.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice December 14 to March 26. 

Rating ctirve fairly well defined between 350 and 2,400 second-feet. Gage read 

to half tenths once daily. Discharge determined by applying daily gage height 

to rating table. Records fair. 

101860° 20-wsp 451 4
50 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Ossipee River at Cornish, Maine, during the year ending Sept.

SO, 1917.

Date.

Nov. 13

15

Feb. 2 

Apr. 11

12

9O

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.10

1.22

a2.35 

3.81

3.64

3.78

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

079

392

495

2,070

Date.

May 1

7 

8

18

25

Made by 

F 35 Pressev

.....do..................

.....do.................. 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.72

3.64

3.56 

3.41

2.78

2.68

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,200

2,130

2,080 

1,930

1,300

1,250

<* Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Ossipee River at Cornish, Maine, for the period July

5, 1916, to Sept. 30, 1917.

Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept. Day. July. Aug. Sept.

1916.

2,710

2,930

2,490

2,280

2,080

1,880

800

770

710

680

630

605

580

605

740

1,040

400

400

380

380

340

360

380

360

360

340

1916.

1,680

1,330

1,330

1,500

1,410

1,330

1,040

920

800

740

1,040

1,010

980

920

800

770

630

630

320

320

340

320

980

830

860

1916.

770

800

920

920

920

860

800

890

980

920

920

580 

555- 

400 

360 

360

360

380

440

440

420

420

655

580

580

710

800

710

710

710

655

555

Day. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept.

1916-17.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

530

530

630

580

485

485

485

485

420

360

340

320

340

360

340

320

320

320

530

800

740

485

485

485

485

485

462

440

440

508

530

555

530

485

508

555

630

485

440

400

420

420

380

360

400

400

360

360

360

360

420

485

530

530

800

770

740

740

710

740

800

1,500

1,500

1,500

1,410

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,180

1,040

980

980

980

920

890

800

740

680

580

605

580

580

605

655

800

860

740

860

860

710

630

605

580

530

508

462

462

580

630

740

800

655

630

605

580

655

710

680

655

655

630 

630 

655 

680 710'

605

655

655

655

680

630

555

485

462

508

508

508

508

508

508

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

420

530

530

508

508

420

462

420

485

485

462

462

440

420

420

420

400

420

485

508

530

530

555

580

555

530

555

630

630

485

462

440

440

400

630

800

980

1,410

2,280

2,490

2.710

2,710

2,930

2,710

2,710

2,710

2,710

2,930

3,720

3,370

3,150

2,930

2,. 280

2,180

2,080

2,080

2,080

2,080

2,080

2,080

2,080

2,280

2,710 

3,150 

3,370 

3,260 

3,0*0

2,930

2,710

2,600

2,280

2,280

2,180

2,080

2,080

2,080

2,080

2,080

2,080

1,980

1,880

1,780

1,680

1,590

1,590

1,500

1,500

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,250

1,180

1,180

1,180

1,180

1,180

1,250

1,250 

1,180 

1,110 

1,110 

1,0*0 

1,0*0

1,040

1,040

1,040

1,040

1,040

1,040

920

920

1,040

1,500

1,680

3,150

3,600

3,600

3,480

3,370

4,850

6,410

5,110

4,850

4,200

3,370

3,150

3,150

2,930

2,710

2,280

2,180

1,880

2,280

1,880

1,880

1,680

1,500

1,250

1,180

1,180

1,040

1,040

920

800

800

800

800

740

740

740

630

605

605

580

555

530

530

485

462

462

462

555

508

508

462

462

440

420

485

485

485

420

400

380

380

400

555

580

580

555

555

605

645

680

630

630

605

630

630

630

605

605

605

530

508

485

440

440

440

440

420

400

380

340

380

400

400

380

340

300

300

320

340

340

360

380

380

420

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 14 to Mar. 26; discharge determined frcm gage 

heights, one discharge measurement, observer's notes, weather records, and a comparison with Saco Eiver 

at Cornish. Discharge estimated Aug. 23, 1917.
MEBBIMACK BIVEB BASIN. 51

Monthly discharge of Ossipee River at Cornish, Maine, for the period July 5,1916, to Sept.

30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 448 square miles.]

Month.

1916. 

July 5-31 ......................................

1916-17.

April..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,930 

1,040 

980

800 

800 

1,500 

800 

555 

2,710 

3,720 

2,180 

6.410 

11880 

680 

630

6,410

Minimum.

740 

360 

320

320 

360 

580 

462 

400 

400 

2,080 

1,040 

920 

462 

380 

300

300

Mean.

1,340 

646 

541

469 

522 

925 

634 

464 

817 

2,650 

1,530 

2,630 

891 

532 

423

1,040

Per 

square 

mile.

2.99 

1.44 

1.21

1.05 

1.17 

2.06 

1.41 

1.04 

1.82 

5.92 

3.42 

5.87 

1.99 

1.19 

0.944

2.32

Run-off 

(depth in 

 inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.00

1.66 

1.35

1.21 

1.30

2.38 

1.63 

1.08 

2.10 

6.60 

3.94 

6.55 

2.29 

1.37 

1.09

31.54

MEBBIMACK BIVEB BASIN. 

MERRIMACK RIVER AT FRANKLIN JUNCTION, N. H.

LOCATION. At covered wooden bridge of Boston & Maine Railroad near Franklin 

Junction, Merrimack County, about a mile below confluence of Pemigewasset 

and Winnepesaukee rivers.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,460 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 8, 1903, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage fastened to floor of bridge on upstream side over west channel; 

read by F. R. Roers. A gage painted on the downstream right-hand side of the 

center pier of the bridge is considerably in error for low stages.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of coarse gravel and boulders; fairly permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 15.1 feet at 5 p. m. 

June 18 (discharge, by extension of rating curve, 22,500 second-feet); minimum 

stage recorded, 3.95 feet at 6 a. m. August 13 (discharge, 1,040 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice during most winters.

REGULATION . Flow affected by storage in Winnepesaukee, Squam, and New Found 

Lakes and by the operation of mills above the station.

ACCURACY , Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by ice 

December 17 to March 28. Rating curve fairly well denned below 10,000 secondfeet. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily as a rule but readings were omitted at 

frequent intervals; accuracy of readings somewhat uncertain. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table with corrections 

for ice during winter. Records fair.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record furnished by the proprietors of locks and canals 

on Merrimack River, Lowell, Mass.

The following discharge measurement was made by M. R. Stackpole: 

July 16, 1917: Gage-height 4.83 feet; discharge 1,870 second-feet.
52 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N. H.,for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23. ..........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Oct.

2,000

2,280

2,040

1,930

1,820

1,720

1,620

1,600

1,620

1,440

1,550

1,530

1,530

1 600

1,700

1,720

1,530

i ^nn

1,440

1,530

1,620

1,720

1,720

 j gQ0

1,620

Nov.

1,700

1,820

1,720

1,720

1 7^0

1,820

1,720

1,620

1,620

1,530

1,480

1,350

1,260

1 260

l'080

1 1 KA

1 QPin

i o^n

i Qpjfi

2,680

4,660

3,400

2 040

1

OOA

2 160

2

OOA

Dec.

10,800

8,720

6,800

5,020

2,820

3,280

2,970

2,680

2

KAf\

2,410

2,040

1,720

1,620

1 600

i 3 ^^fi

1 450

1 ' AKft

i ^n

2 OCA

2 300

2.160

2 040

1

QQA

1,820

1,820

2 nnn

Apr.

8,500

8,300

7,880

7.040

6,410

6,410

8,510

7,200

6,000

4,130

3,960

3,790

 3,280

S Oftft

3 ion

3,620

q 4.CA

3 790

10.400 10 nnn

12,100

10,000

7,880

7 9^

7,040

6,700

6,410

May.

6,000

5,800

5,600

5,800

5,600

5,600

5,600

5,020

4,840

4,660

4,840

4,800

4,840

5 firtn

4 840

4' 660

4^840

5,200

5,600

5

Qf\()

5

onn

5

OAA

4,840

4,500

4,130

3,960

3

7QA

3,790

June.

3,790

3,960

4,600

5,200

6,000

4,660

3,790

3,450

5,200

6,100

14,000

20,500

8,930

6,830

5,400

12,300

19,200

14,000

8

0AA

7,040

6,000

6,100

6,410

5,600

4,840

4,300

4,130

July.

4,300

4,300

4,000

3,620

3,450

2,970

2,700

2,540

2,280

2,040

2.280

2,280

2,040

1,900

1,820

1,600

1,620

1,530

1,530

1,600

1,620

1,820

1,720

1,620

1,530

1,530

1,500

1,4*0

1,350

1,400

Aug.

1,440

1,400

1,440

1,440

1,400

1,400

1,350

1,300

1,220

1,300

1,170

1,100

1,080

1,350

1,400

1,440

1,530

1,620

1,650

1,620

1,620

1,530

1,530

1,500

1,440

1,350

1,260

1,620

1,930

Sept.

1,800

1,700

1,620

1,930

1,820

1,720

1,720

1,620

1 600

1,'530

1,350

1,350

1,440

1,480

1,400

1,350

1,260

1,170

1,170

1,440

1,350

1,400

1,440

1,350

1,350

1,350

1,350

NOTE. Discharge on Sundays and other days when gage was not read estimated by comparison with 

other gaging stations.

Monthly discharge of Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N. H., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 1,460 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in secon d-feet .

Maximum.

2,280 

4,660 

10,800

15,700 

6,000 

20.500 

4,300 

1,930 

1,930

20,500

Minimum.

1,440 

1,080 

1,450

3,120 

3,790 

3,450 

1,350 

1,080 

1,170

1,080

Mean.

 1, 670 

1,780 

2,850 

1,550 

1,260 

3,430 

6,730 

5,070 

7,290 

2,180 

1,440 

1,480

3,060

Per

square 

nule.

1.14 

1.22 

1,95 

1.06 

.863 

2.35 

4.61 

3.47 

4.99 

1.49 

.986 

1.01

2.10

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.31 

1.36 

2.25 

1.22 

.90 

2.71 

5.14 

4.00 

5.57 

1.72 

1.14 

1.13

28.45

NOTE. Mean monthly discharge for January, February, and March estimated on basis of 1.7 times discharge of Pemigewasset River at Plymouth plus discharge from Lake Winnepesaukee at Lakeport.
MERRIMACK RIVER BASIN. 53

MERRIMACK RIVER AT LAWRENCE, MASS.

LOCATION. At dam of Essex Co. in Lawrence, Essex County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1 Total of Merrimack River basirt above Lawrence, 4,663 square 

miles; net drainage area, exclusive of diverted parts of Nashua and Sudbury 

River and Lake Cochituate basins, 4,552 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1880, to September 30, 1917.

COMPUTATIONS OF DISCHARGE. Accurate record is kept of the flow over the dam and 

through the various wheels and gates. This flow includes the water wasted into 

the Merrimack from the Nashua, Sudbury, and Cochituate drainage basins. 

Estimates of the quantity wasted from these basins is furnished by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board of Boston and subtracted from the quantity 

measured at Lawrence to obtain the net flow from the net drainage area of 4,452 

square miles.

DIVERSIONS. Practically the entire flow of the South Branch of Nashua River, Sudbury River, and Lake Cochituate is diverted for use by the Metropolitan water 

district of Boston.

REGULATION. Flow regulated to some extent by storage in Lake Winnepesaukee. 

The low water flow of the stream is affected by operation of various power plants 

above Lawrence.

STORAGE. There are several reservoirs in the basin. It is estimated that the water 

surface is about 3.5 per cent of the entire drainage area.

COOPERATION. The entire record has been furnished by R. A. Hale, principal assistant engineer of the Essex Co. Record changed to climatic year form by engineers of the Geological Survey.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

Oct.

2,943

6.068

5,120

4,462

3,871

3,973

2,656

4,441

3,617

3,433

1,416

3,879

2,961

KO7

3,946

3

Kf>1

3,448

3,141

3,174

2,664

4,819

5,725

4 749

4,220

3.882

3,861

2,861

827

4,441 

3,702

Nov.

3,512

3,254

2,604

723

4,265

3,504

3,261

3,153

3,121

2,044

870

4,175

3

COA

3,554

3 971

2,472

773

3,986

3,551

3,364

3

O7Q

3,384

5,200

6,566

5,489

4 074,

4,082

2,049

Dec.

5,812

11,231

8,842

7,792

6,433

6,096

6,172

6,161

5,154

4,262

5.764

5,199

5,035

4,603

2,925

1 04,7

5,028

4,046

3,991

1 81 Q

3,863

2,723

4,453

5,715

6,551

5,536

5 1 ^d.

4,954

3,501 

2,906

Jan.

3,118

5,068

4,191

3,793

3,836

2,850

3,394

6,538

6,325

6,165

5,990

5,570

4,531

3,903

K QftA

5,818

6,024

6,231

5,798

4,520

3,664

5,324

4 797

4 1 qo

4 fl1Q

3 QQ9

2,801

2,103

4,923

3,971 

3,885

Feb.

3,901

4,052

2,842

1,356

4,761

4,042

3,890

3.347

3,699

2,872

1 484

41,656

3,656

3,543

3,492

3,531

2 WOO

1,217

A QCQ

3,715

3,686

1 7f\Q

4,760

2,858

1,504

4

?OA

5,068

.......

Mar.

7,785

8,065

7,277

6,198

7,024

6,061

5,621

5

AAK

5,555

4,673

4 847

6' 527

6,248

6,256

6,752

7,089

8,151

7,657

8,772

7 407

6 Qf5n

7,105

7 465

9' 687

15*887

17 nno

18,083

94 AV)

31,116

29,951 

25,228

Apr.

20,326

19,656

10 QOQ

17,305

16, 468

16,521

19, 012

21,526

17,107

14,158

12, 196

11,334

10,295

9

KAO

9,982

9 477

11 443

13,717

15' 825

17,763

19 221

16',882

14,033

12,498

11,056

10,lo8

10,779

May.

10,601

11,093

12,067

12,282

10,979

11,290

13,717

13,257

12,095

11,383

10,615

9 d7d.

10,265

9 d17

9,297

8,821

7,484

6,481

S

^Ud

7,764

8,660

8

OQ7

8,347

9

QOA

8,741

7,578

8,131

7 660

7*264 

9,893

June.

8,760

7,639

7,414

9,162

9,447

9,053

8,781

8,566

8,459

9,512

10,909

14,802

25,107

25,219

19,057

15,408

22,986

31,490

25,841

19,047

15, 474

1 9 py"i9

10,598

11,709

11,862

10,618

9 471

8*576

7,305

July.

8,649

9,706

8,183

6,324

7,508

6,298

4,243

3,710

5,390

3,799

4,351

4,094

4,696

3,964'

3,829

5,248

4,560

4,092

3,837

2,675

1,636

3,881

3,602

3,547

3,569

1,549

4,248 

3,683

Aug.

3,072

2,391

2,797

2,033

1,078

3,940

3,321

2,729

2,623

2 Q9Q

2,186

cm

2,435

2,915

2,677

2,298

2,-885

2,320

1,530

4,702

4,189

3,501

3,181

2,473

673

4,101

3,558

3,162

3,454 

4,128

Sept.

2,820

3,119

3,267

5,286

4,300

3,657

2,984

2,502

551

3,662

3,150

2,878

2,717

2,648

1,993

301

2,473

2,672

2,655

2,611

2,444

1,531

269

2,116

2,052

2,250

2,312

2,470

1,855

405

NOTE This table shows the actual flow at Lawrence; not corrected for water wasted by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board.

i See footnote to tables of weekly discharge.
54 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Weekly discharge, in second-feet, of Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

[WeeKs arranged in order of dryness.]

Week ending Sunday 

Measured 

at Lawrence (total drainage 

area, 4,663 

square 

miles).

Wasting 

into Merrimaek River 

from diverted drainage basins 

(211 square 

miles).

From net

area of 4,452 

square 

miles.

Per square

mile of net

drainage

area.

Sept. 30................................................ 1,923

23................................................ 2,094

Aug. 19............. ........ ................... 2,437

Sept. 16................................................ 2,478

Aug. 12................................................ 2,604

5. . ............. ......... .................... 2,757

Nov. 12,1916........................................... 2, 

Oct. 15,1916............................................ 2,

Nov. 5,1916............................................ 3,043

19,1916........................................... 3,056

Aug. 26................................................ 3,184

Sept. 9................................................. 3,221

Feb. 25................................................. ! 3,227

18. ............................................... I 3,261

July 29................................................. I 3,313

Feb. 11................................................. 3,442

Sept. 2................................................. 3,477

Oct. 22,1916............................................ 3,536

Feb. 4.................................................. 3,561

July 22................................................. 3,724

Oct. 29,1916............................................ 3,732

Jan. 7.................................................. 3,750

28. ................................................ 3,881

Dec. 24,1916........................................... 3,989

Oct. 8,1916............................................. 4.029

Nov. 26,1916........................................... 4,190

July 15................................................. 4,303

Dec. 17,1916........................................... 4,334

31,1916............................................ 4,902

Jan. 21................................................. 5,417

14................................................. 5,575

Mar. 11................................................. 5,604

Dec. 3,1916............................................ 5,983

10,1916... ......................................... 6,010

Mar. 4.................................................. 6,510

July 8.................................................. 6,567

Mar.18................................................. 6,954

June 3.................................................. 8,109

May 20................................................. 8,301

27................................................. 8,487

June 10................................................. 8,997

Mar. 25................................................. 9,039

July 1.................................................. 9,741

May 6.................................................. 11,299

Apr. 22................................................ 11,326

May 13................................................. 11,390

Apr. 15........^........................................ 13,553

29................................................. 14,516

June 17................................................ 17,860

Apr. 8.................................................. 18,490

June 24...._............................................ 19,705

Apr. 1.................................................. 23,735

The year......................................... 6,546

12

20

16

25

51

35

10

52

51

8

58

20

II 

27 

69 

29 

7 

48

31

32

34

98

57

139

58

50

212

19

206

210

148

68

63

225

43

172

72

260

III 

88 

191 

152 

163 

309

I,909 

2,079 

2,423 

2,462 

2,592 

2,749 

2,877 

2,887 

3,031 

3,036 

3,168 

3.196 

3,176 

3,226 

3,303 

3,390 

3,426 

3,528 

3,503 

3,704 

3,721 

3,723 

3,812 

3,960 

4,022 

4,142 

4,272 

4,302 

4,868 

5,319 

5,518 

5,465 

5,925 

5,960 

6,298 

6,548 

6,748 

7,899 

8,153 

8,419 

8,934 

8,814 

9,698

II,127 

11,254 

11,130 

13,442 

14,428 

17,669 

18,338 

19,542 

23,426

0.429

0.467

0.544

0.553

0.582

0.617

0.646

0.648

0.681

0.682

0.712

0.718

0.713

0.725

0.742

0.761

0.770

0.792

0.787

0.832

0.836

0.836

0.856

0.889

0.903

0.930

0.960

0.966

1.093

1.195

1.239

1.228

1.331

1.339

1.415

1.471

1.516

1.774

1.831

1.891

2.007

1.980

2.178

2.499

2.528

2.500

3.019

3.241

3.969

4.119

4.389

5.262

1.454

NOTE. Record of discharge wasted from diverted drainage area based on data furnished by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board of Boston.
MEEEIMACK RIVER BASIN". 55

.Monthly discharge of Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

Month.

April...................

July....................

September..............

Mean discharge in second-feet.

Measured 

at Lawrence 

(total 

drainage 

area, 

4,663 

square 

miles).

3,563 

3,336

5,178 

4,617 

3,497 

10, 527 

14, 543 

9,629 

13,643 

4,5?8 

2,818 

2,465

6,536

"Wasting 

into 

Merrimack 

River from 

diverted 

drainage 

basins (211 

square 

miles).

9

27 

40 

62 

68 

215 

111 

172 

124 

20 

17 

 21

74

From net 

drainage 

area 

of 4,452 

square 

miles.

3,554 

3,309 

5,138 

4,555 

3,429 

10,312 

14,432 

9,457 

' 13, 519 

4,558 

2,801 

2,444

6,462

Per

square 

mile 

of net 

drainage 

area.

0.798 

.743 

1.154 

1.023 

.770 

2.316 

3.242 

2.124 

3.037 

1.024 

.629 

.549

1.451

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches 

on net 

drainage 

area.

0.920 

.829 

1.330 

1.180 

.802 

2.670 

3.618 

2.449 

3.389 

1.181 

.725 

.613

19.706

Per cent 

of rainfall.

67.6 

29.8 

43.9 

38.6 

34.0 

70.4 

160.1 

63.6 

60.2 

72.0 

15.5 

53.3

55.4

Rainfall 

in 

inches.

1.36

2.78 

3.03 

3.06 

2.36 

3.79 

2.26 

3.85 

5.63 

1.64 

4.69 

1.15

35.60

NOTE. The monthly discharge in second-feet, per square mile, and the run-off in depth in inches, shown 

by the table, do not represent the natural flow from the basin because of artificial storage.

SOUHEGAN RIVER AT MERRIMACK, N. H.

LOCATION. At the head of Atherton Falls, 7 miles below mouth of Beaver Brook 

and about 1J miles above confluence of Souhegan with Merrimack River, at 

Merrimack, Hillsboro County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 168 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 13, 1909, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Gurley-printing water-stage recorder on left bank about 350 feet above the 

falls used since October 15, 1913. A vertical staff on left bank, 40 feet above the 

falls, was used from July 13, 1909, to ApriJ 11, 1911, when it was washed out. 

From April 12, 1911, to October 14, 1913, a chain gage attached to a tree on left 

bank 350 feet above the falls was used.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading below the falls or from cable onehalf mile below gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. The channel opposite the gage is a pool in which velocity 

is very low. The control of this pool is a rock ledge at the head of Atherton Falls 

and is permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage, from water-stage recorder, 7.51 feet 

at 5 p. m. March 28 (discharge, from extension of rating curve about 3,060 secondfeet); minimum stage, from water-stage recorder, 2.06 feet at 9 p. m. September 

23 (discharge, 26 second-feet).

1909-1917. Maximum stage recorded, 9.6 feet, August 5, 1915 (discharge 

from extension of rating curve about 4,930 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 

1.90 feet at 8 a. m. September 8, 1909 (discharge, 15 second-feet).

ICE. Ice forms on control for short periods in the winter, slightly affecting stagedischarge relation.

REGULATION. Flow affected by the operation of the mills at Milford about 8 miles 

above.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except when affected by ice for 

short periods. Rating curve well denned below 2,000 second-feet. Operation 

of water-stage recorder satisfactory. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

rating table to 4he mean of 24 hourly gage heights with corrections for ice during winter. Records good.
56 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Souhegan River at Merrimack, N. H., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

July 11

Made by 

M. R. Stackpole..........................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.15

2.62

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

250

103

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Souhegan River at Merrimack, N. H., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7...... ........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

94

88

88

70

72

68

60

49

42

55

49

43

41

46

40

32

51

46

41

80

160

112

92

90

74

70

68

62

80

39

55

Nov.

60

64

68

68

52

58

86

84

68

66

62

48

44

76

IfU

106

96

82

60

66

86

66

76

160

250

135

108

116

108

116

Dec.

303

260

180

155

160

165

145

122

118

112

130

140

140

112

QQ

76

74

80

86

82

SA

120

175

240

170

140

130

120

110

105

100

Jan.

105

115

118

128

319

292

<yAf\

Oftft

170

150

150 <)AR

331

278

185

158

122

125

130

130

128

120

112

116

130

Feb.

128

115

82

QS

84

96

100

100

100

80

92

96

110

110

105

110

108

112

120

116

110

112

128

162

S3Q

1,100

Mar.

890

665

496

380

311

278

274

270

284

315

295

315

367

400

367

367

460

488

470

367

355

416

520

920

1,720

1,680

1,640

2 c7fi

2,100

1,470

1,100

Apr.

1,040

1,170

950

860

802

802

1,230

1,300

950

720

585

550

510

483

420

438

411

406

434

460

692

638

560

452

375

335

339

474

420

367

May.

331

fiQ9

720

488

447

860

802

585

492

474

402

363

363

398

323

278

260

239

225

198

198

198

270

501

355

292

228

239

319

515

371

June.

288

253

228

270

242

256

264

281

299

222

295

920

1,010

590

416

355

860

1,860

980

610

447

355

288

260

323

274

236

207

188

274

July.

264

210

222

219

172

168

140

106

104

116

105

105

110

110

110

110

115

120

148

165

162

120

104

125

108

118

116

106

70

66

82

Aug.

72

70

60

57

49

43

30

54

55

64

66

51

45

48

4Q

70

104

198

130

90

102

90

76

72

76

70

57

68

72

295

375

Sept.

242

148

125

122

96

90

76

68

51

64

74

68

57

64

43

37

44

45

46

52

44

32

35

45

36

39

42

46

36

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 17-31, Jan. 1-3, 10-12, and Feb. 1-17. Discharge 

estimated July 11-17.

Monthly discharge of Souhegan River at Merrimack, N. H.,for the year ending Sept. 30,

1917. 

[Drainage area, 168 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

160 

250 

303 

331 

1,100 

2,570 

1,300 

860 

1,860 

264 

375 

242

2,570

Minimum .

32

44 

74 

105 

80 

270 

335 

198 

188 

66 

30 

32

30

Mean.

66.3

88.0 

137 

173 

151 

727 

639 

401 

445 

132 

89.0 

71.2

260-

Per 

square 

mile.

0.394 

.524 

.815 

1.03 

.900 

4.33 

3.80 

2.39 

2.65 

.786 

.530 

.423

1.55

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.45 

.58 

.94 

1.19 

.94 

4.99 

4.24 

2.76 

2.96 

.91 

.61 

.47

21.04
MERRIMACK RIVER BASIN. 57

SOUTH BRANCH OF NASHUA RIVER BASIN (WACHUSETT DRAINAGE BASIN) NEAR

CLINTON, MASS.

LOCATION. At Wachusett dam, near Clinton.

DRAINAGE AREA. 119 square miles 1896 to 1907; 118.19 square miles 1908-1913; 

108.84 square miles 1914-1917.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July, 1896, to September 30, 1917.

REGULATION. Flow affected by storage in Wachusett reservoir and other ponds. 

Beginning with 1897 the determinations of discharge have been corrected for 

gain or loss in the reservoir and ponds so that the record shows approximately the 

natural flow of the stream.

The yield per square mile is the yield of the drainage area including the water 

surfaces. For the years 1897 to 1902, inclusive, the water surface amounted to 

2.2 per cent of the total area; 1903, 2.4 per cent; 1904, 3.6 per cent; 1905, 4.1 per 

cent; 1906, 5.1 per cent; 1907, 6.0 per cent; 1908-1915, 7.0 per cent.

COOPERATION. Record furnished by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board of 

Boston; rearranged to climatic year form by engineers of the Geological Survey.

Yield and rainfall in South Branch of Nashua River basin (Wachusett drainage basin)

near Clinton, Mass., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 108.84 square miles.] o

Month.

July..................................

Total yield 

(million gallons).

472. 0 

1,047.6 

1,551.5 

2,315.2 

2,792.8 

8,339.6 

4, 794. 2 

4,444,5 

4,014.3 

891.5 

1,043-5 

272.9

31,979.6

Yield per square 

mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

0.140 

.321 

.460 

.686 

.916 

2.472 

1.468 

1.317 

1.229 

.264 

.309 

.Q84

.805

Secondfeet.

0.217 

.496 

.712 

1.062 

1.418 

3.824 

2.272 

2.038 

1.902 

.409 

.479 

.129

1.245

Runoff.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches.)

0.250 

.554 

.820 

1.224 

1.476 

4.409 

2.535 

2.350 

2.122 

.471 

.552 

.144

16.907

Per cent 

of rainfall.

17.6 

17.6 

29.2 

36.3 

48.3 

104.8 

140.6 

60.5 

47.4 

38.8 

12.4 

12.0

49.1

Rainfall 

(inches).

1.42 

3.15 

2.18 

3.37 

3.05 

4.21 

1.80 

3.89 

4.47 

1.22 

4.46 

1.20

34.42

Summary of yield and rainfall in South Branch of Nashua River basin (Wachusett drainage basin) near Clinton, Mass., for the years ending Sept. 30, 1897-1917.

[Drainage area, 108.84 square miles.] a

Month.

July. ............................

Total yield 

(million gallons).

35,445.8 

50,728.7 

80,202.5 

85,767.6 

89,356.9 

180,560.9 

146,653.1 

85,250.7 

54,147.2 

30, 878. 9 

30,353.5 

21,647.1

890,992.9

Yield per square 

mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

0.499 

.739 

1.128 

1.210 

1.387 

2.548 

2.139 

1.203 

.790 

.436 

.428 

.316

1.069

Secondfeet.

0.772 

1.143 

1.745 

1.872 

2.146 

3-942 

3-309 

1.861 

1.222 

.674 

.663 

.488

1.653

Runoff.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches.)

0.890 

1.275 

2.012 

2.158 

2.234 

4.544 

3.692 

2.145 

1.363 

.777 

.764 

.545

22.399

Per cent 

of rainfall.

24.0 

34.2 

52.5 

58.8 

59.1 

110.5 

99.5 

63-3 

36.6 

19.0 

18.2 

16.0

41.0

Rainfall 

(inches).

3.71 

3.73 

3.83 

3.66 

3.78 

4.11 

3.71 

3.39 

3.72 

4.10 

4.20 

3.42

45.36

a Although the drainage area has been changed at different times, quantities in this table correspond to 

present drainage area.
58 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

SUDBURY RIVER AND LAKE COCHITUATE BASINS NEAR FRAMINGHAM AND

COCHITUATE, MASS.

DRAINAGE AREA. Area of Sudbury basin from 1875 to 1878, inclusive, was 77.8 

square miles; 1879-80, 78.2 square miles; 1881-1917, 75.2 square miles. Area of 

Cochituate basin from 1863 to 1909, inclusive, was 18.87 square miles; 1910, 

17.8 square miles; 1911 to 1917, 17.58 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Of Sudbury River, January, 1875, to September, 1917; of 

Lake Cochituate, January, 1863, to September, 1917. Sudbury River and Lake 

Cochituate have been studied by the engineers of the city of Boston, the State 

Board of Health of Massachusetts, and the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage 

Board; records of rainfall have been kept in the Sudbury basin since 1875 and 

in the Cochituate basin since 1852, but the latter are considered of doubtful accuracy previous to 1872.

REGULATION. The greater part of the flow from these basins is controlled by storage 

reservoirs constructed by the city of Boston and the Metropolitan Water and 

Sewerage Board. Lake Cochituate, which drains into Sudbury River a short 

distance below Framingham, is controlled as a storage reservoir by the Metropolitan Waterworks. In the Sudbury River basin the water surfaces exposed to 

evaporation have been increased from time to time by the construction of additional storage reservoirs. From 1875 to 1878, inclusive, the water surface amounted 

to 1.9 per cent of the total area; from 1879 to 1884, to 3 per cent; 1885 to 1893, to 

3.4 per cent; 1894 to 1897, to 3.9 per cent; 1898 and subsequent years, 6.5 per cent.

DETERMINATION OP DISCHARGE. In determining the run-off of the Sudbury and 

Cochituate drainage areas, the water diverted for the municipal supply of Framingham, Natick, and Westboro, which discharge their sewage outside the 

basins, is taken into consideration; the results, however, are probably less accurate since the sewerage diversion works were constructed. The public water and 

sewerage works were installed in these towns as follows:

Dates of installation of water and sewerage worlcs in Framingham, Natick, and

Westboro.

Town. Water 

supply.

1875

1874

1879

Sewerage 

works.

1889

1896

1892

Water from the Wachusett drainage area also passes into the reservoirs in the 

Sudbury basin and must be measured to determine the yield of the Sudbury 

basin; the small errors unavoidable in the measurement of large quantities of 

water decrease the accuracy of the determination of the Sudbury water supply 

during months of low yield for years subsequent to 1897.

COOPERATION. Record furnished by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board of 

Boston; form changed to-climatic year by engineers of the Geological Survey.
MERRIMACK RIVER BASIN". 59

Yield and rainfall in Sudbury River basin near Framingham, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 75.2 square miles.]

Month.

April.... . .............................

July..................................

Total yield 

(million gallons).

-12.2 

247.3 

734.2 

1,188.2 

1,589.1 

5, 148. 5 

3, 169. 5 

3,440.4 

2,354.8 

99.5 

471.5 

130.5

18,561.3

Yield per square 

mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

-0.005 

.110 

.315 

.510 

.755 

2.209 

1.405 

1.476 

1.044 

.043 

.202 

.058

.676

Secondfeet.

-0.008 

.170 

.487 

.789 

1.168 

3.417 

2.174 

2.283 

1.615 

.066 

.313 

.090

1.046

Run-off.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches.)

-0.009 

.189 

.562 

.909 

1.216 

3.940 

2.425 

2.632 

1.802 

.076 

.361 

.100

14.203

Per cent 

of rainfall.

-0.6 

8.3 

17.4 

25.9 

45.5 

79.4 

100.5 

53.4 

42.7 

6.8 

5.6 

6.6

36.7

Rainfall 

(inches).

1.49

2.28 

3.22 

3.50 

2.68 

4.96 

2.41 

4.93 

4.28 

1.11 

6.40 

1.52

38.73

Summary of yield and rainfall in Sudbury River basin near Framingham, Mass., for the 

years ending Sept. 30, 1876-1917.

[Drainage area, 75.2 square miles.] a

Month.

May.......................... ........

July..................................

Total yield 

(million gallons).

40,237.9 

69,597.1 

93,868.4 

117,433.4 

147,901.2 

266,858.8 

185,902.7 

104,847.3 

46,318.4 

17,364.3 

23,416.8 

20,161.8

1,133,908.1

Yield per square 

mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

0.411 

.735 

.959 

1.199 

1.658 

2.726 

1.962 

1.071 

.489 

.177 

.239 

.213

.983

Secondfeet.

0.636 

1.137 

1.484 

1.855 

2.565 

4.217 

3.035 

1.657 

.756 

.274 

.370 

.330

1,521

Run-off.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches.)

0.733 

1.269 

1.711 

2.139 

2.671 

4.862 

3.386 

1.910 

.844 

.316 

.427 

.368

20.636

Per cent 

of rainfall.

19.4 

34.1 

44.7 

52.3 

64.6 

112.0 

96.5 

57.7 

28.4 

8.7 

10.9 

11.3

46.4

Rainfall 

(inches).

3.78 

3.72 

3.83 

4.09 

4.13 

4.34 

3.51 

3.31 

2.97 

3.63 

3.92 

3.25

44.48

a Although the drainage area has been changed at different times, quantities in this table correspond to 

the present area.
60 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Yield and rainfall in Lake Cochituate basin near Cochituate, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 17.58 square miles.]

Month.

July..................................

Total yield 

(million gallons).

36.3

72.1 

151.6 

269.1 

392.9 

1,090.8 

677.8 

769.5 

575.7 

94.3 

120.6 

48.2

4,298.9

Yield per square 

mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

0.067 

.137 

.278 

.494 

.798 

2.002 

1,285 

1.412 

1.092 

.173 

.221 

.091

.670

Secondfeet.

0.103 

.215 

.430 

.764 

1.235 

3.097 

1.988 

2.185 

1.689 

.268 

.342 

.141

1.036

Run off.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches.)

0.12 

.24 

.50 

.88 

1.29 

3.57 

2.22 

2.52 

1.88 

.31 

.39 

.16

14.08

Per cent 

of rainfall.

9.3

10.8 

15.6 

26.9 

45.8 

74.1 

83.1 

51.5 

43.5 

30.3 

6.8 

8.9

37.0

Rainfall 

(inches).

1.28 

2.18 

3.18 

3.28 

2.81 

4.82 

2.67 

4.89 

4.33 

1.02 

5.79 

1.77

38.02

Summary of yield and rainfall in Lake Cochituate basin near Cochituate, Mass., for the 

years ending Sept. SO, 1864-1917.

[Drainage area, 17.58 square miles.]«

Month.

July..................................

Total yield 

(million gallons).

15,211.7 

20,983.3 

26,462.8 

32,276.6 

40,276.1 

63,093.1 

47,259.1 

28, 550. 5 

13,398.0" 

7,735.6 

11, 157. 6 

10,880.0

317,284.4

Yield per square 

mile.

Million 

gallons 

per day.

0.517 

.737 

.899 

1.097 

1.502 

2.144 

1.660 

.970 

.471 

.263 

.379 

.382

.916

Secondfeet.

0.800 

1.140 

1.391 

1.697 

2.324 

3.317 

2.568 

1.501 

.729 

.407 

.586 

.591

1.417

Runoff.

Depth on 

drainage 

area 

(inches.)

0.922

1.272 

1.604 

1.957 

2.420 

3.825 

2.865 

1.731 

.813 

.469 

.676 

.659

19. 213

Per cent 

of rainfall.

22.9 

32.5 

44.6 

50.6 

61.7 

88.7 

82.8 

48.2 

26.8 

12.6 

16.4 

18.9

42.7

Rainfall 

(inches).

4.02 

3.91 

3.60 

3.87 

3.92 

4.31 

3.46 

3.59 

3.03 

3.72 

4.12 

3.48

45.03

a Although the drainage area has been changed at different times, quantities in this table correspond to 

the present area.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I. 61

CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 

CONNECTICUT RIVER AT FIRST LAKE, NEAR PITTSBURG, N. H.

LOCATION. At outlet of First Lake, 5 miles northeast of Pittsburg, Coos County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 81.4 square miles. (From surveys by engineers of the Connecticut 

Valley Lumber Co.)

RECORDS AVAILABLE. April 1 to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Inclined staff on right bank about one-fourth mile below the outlet dam; 

installed in November, 1917, and used in determining sluice gate ratings; scales 

on gate frames indicate amount of sluice gate openings; staff gage in lake above 

dam.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from log bridge 1 mile below the gage, by wading, 

or from cable 200 feet above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed rough, with rock bottom. Control for river gage is 

rock ledge extending completely across the stream with about 3 feet of fall immediately below.

COMPUTATION OF DISCHARGE. Discharge through 3 sluice gates, 6 feet, 8 feet, and 20 

feet in width, determined from gate ratings based on current-meter measurements 

and comparative readings of river gage; theoretical rating used for a part of the 

discharge through the 20-foot gate and lower leaf of 6-foot and 8-foot gates, under 

conditions not covered by the current-meter measurements. Discharge through 

one water wheel, used when slasher was in operation, determined from figures 

of water-wheel efficiency and power output.

ICE. Little effect from ice on the control section for river gage; formation of ice in 

the sluice materially changes conditions at gates.

REGULATION. About 4.1 billion cubicfeet of storage has been developed in lakes and 

ponds above gage; records of monthly discharge have been corrected for effect 

of storage in First Lake but not for effect of storage in lakes tributary to First 

Lake.

ACCURACY. Discharge through the gates possibly affected by ice April 1-7. Rating 

curves well defined for middle and upper leaves of the 6-foot and 8-foot gates; 

theoretical ratings for the 20-foot gate for high stages of the lake and for lower 

leaves of 6-foot and 8-foot gates, not completely checked by current-meter measurements. Daily discharge ascertained by applying rating tables to records of gate 

openings, giving due consideration to times of opening and closing gates and 

changes in gate settings. Records good, except for few days in April, when 

accuracy of results may have been affected by ice. 

No discharge measurements were made prior to September 30, 1917.
62 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Daily gage height, in feet, of First Lake near Pittsburg, N. H.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1917.

Day.

1..... .........

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23. .............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..... .........

31..............

Oct.

15.1

14.9

14.6

14.3

13.9

13.65

13.3

13.0

12.1

12.06

12.03

12.1

12.0

12.1

12.1

12.1

12.2

12.4

12.55

12.8

12.85

12.8

12.8

12.7

12.65

12.75

12.75

12.85

12.75

12.75

12.4

Nov.

12.25

12.05

11.8

11.55

11.3

11.2

11.05

10.95

10.85

10.75

10.5

10.25

10.2

10.15

10.15

9 9

9.75

9.55

9.4

» ac

9 1 %

9.05

Q fiK.

9.1

8 95

8.75

8.8

8.85

8.85

Dec.

9 9

9.35

9.45

9.5

9.45

9.4

9.35

9.3

9.25

9.15

8 95

8.75

8.4

8.3

8.25

8.1

7.9

7.7

7.55

7 45

7 95

7.1

7.1

6 95

6.85

6.75

6.55

6.35

6.15

Jan.

6.1

6.0

5.85

5.75

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.35

c q

5.2

5.1

5.05

A QC

4 9

4.85

4.8

4.75

4.7

4.6

4.55

4

C

4 4

4.2

4.1

3.95

3.85

3.65

3

CC

3.4

Feb.

3 <?

3.2

3.1

2.95

2.85

2.75

2.7

2.65

2.55

2.5

2 45

2.4

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.15

2.1

2 1C

2.25

2.3

o qc

9 4

2.25

2 25

2 q

2 q

2.35

2

QC

Mar.

2.4

2.4

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.35

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.45

9 i

2.4

2 45

2.45

2.45

2

C

2

c

2

C

2

/JC

2.45

2

C

2

CC

2.6

2.8

2.9

2 9

3.0

Apr.

3.05

3.1

3.2

3.25

3.35

3.4

3.5

3.65

3.8

3.85

0 Q

4.0

4.1

4.15

4.2

4.25

4.45

4 45

4.45

4.6

4 9

5.35

5.8

6.25

6.55

6.85

7.05

7.25

7.5

7.85

May.

8.45

9.25

9.8

10.4

10.65

11.0

11.3

11.6

12.0

12.35

19 QK.

13.55

14.1

14.4

W Q

15.95

16.3

16.8

17.35

18.45

19.15

1Q 7K

20.35

20.85

21.4

21.95

9O 1

22.3

22.5

June.

22.4

22.7

22.6

22.75

22.95

22.7

22.55

22.4

22.2

22.05

99 IK.

22.3

22.5

99 %

22.4

22.4

22.3

99 O*1!

23.85

90 OC

22.95

22.35

99 9*»

22.15

22.1

22.05

July.

22.4

22.45

22.4

22.3

22.3

22.3

22.15

22.05

22.15

22.05

91 QK.

91 QK.

22.0

91 QK.

21.85

21.8

21.7

21.5

91 %

21.4

21.4

91 ^

21.2

21.1

21.05

21.0

Aug.

20.95

20.95

21.25

21.3

21.4

21.4

21.35

21.25

21.2

21.55

91 QK.

21.85

21.8

21.7

21.75

91 OR

22.2

99 75

23.3

oq o

23.3

oq A

22.5

99 fi

99 ^^

22.4

99 9*i

22.35

99 fif*

21.95

Sept.

21.85

21.85

21.85

21.65

21.5

21.45

21.35

21.2

21.1

20 9

20.8

20.6

20.6

20.55

20.2

20.45

20.85

20.95

21.25

21.25

21.1

20.9

20.75

20.75

20.55

20.35

20.15

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Connecticut River at First Lake, near Pittsburg, N. H., 

for the period. Apr. 1 to Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

4..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

Apr.

299

305

316

320

278

124

3

3

3

3

3

3

May.

6

7

7

8

8

8

27

9

10

10

11

11

12

iq

June.

414

CCR

673

911

QA(\

878

787

617

459

418

qi c

367

CKfi

443

July.

359

334

q97

285

241

238

229

214

991

91 0

211

91 0

210

9HC

Aug.

133

132

86

163

183

9qi

91 q

1OJ.

181

Sept.

244

241

1S1

9AA

940

. 220

196

910

196

167

107

94/1

Day.

16..........

18..........

19..........

21..........

22..........

90

24..........

OC

26..........

27..........

9O

29..........

on

qi

Apr.

3

3

3

3

4

4

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

5

6

May

14

15

16

17

18

24

28

?fl

102

306

376

482

c/11

June.

382

q79

09/1

1,210

1,170

994

701

429

358

074

205

121

ooo

July.

195

199

10C

174

172

163

OQ

ISfi

9/1 c

17C

155

140

104

Aug.

147

9/17

97

305

517

c.49

490

qac

418

q77

382

970

qai

344

q/lQ

Sept.

395

307

178

65

e.7

106

265

278

qqc

qaq

4-48

463

422

1QC
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 63

Monthly discharge of Connecticut River at First Lake, near Pittsburg, N. H., for the 

period Apr. 1 to Sept. SO, 1917.

[Drainage area 81.4 square miles.]

Month.

May......................

July......................

Observed discharge (second-feet).

Maximum.

329

501 

1,290 

359 

542 

463

Minimum.

3 

6 

121 

99 

86 

57

Mean.

68.6 

78.2 

601 

205 

260 

244

Gain or loss 

in storage at 

First Lake 

(millions of 

cubic feet).

+ 448 

+1,655 

- 44.5 

- 144 

+ 119 

- 223

Discharge corrected 

for storage (secondfeet).

Mean.

242 

696 

584 

151 

304 

158

Per 

square 

mile.

2.97 

8.55 

7.17 

1.86 

3.73 

1.94

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches in 

drainage 

area).

3.31 

9.86 

8.00 

2.14 

4.30 

2.16

CONNECTICUT RIVER AT ORFORD, N. H.

LOCATION. At covered highway bridge between Orford, N. H., and Fairlee, Vt., 

approximately 10 miles downstream (by river) from mouth of Waits River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,100 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 6, 1900, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Inclined staff on left bank 25 feet below bridge; chain attached to upstream 

side of bridge is also used at certain stages.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Open-water measurements made from cable.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel wide and deep, with gravelly bottom; control for 

high stages is probably at the dam at Wilder, 20 miles below station.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 21.3 feet at 7 a. m. 

and 6 p. m. April 24 (discharge, 29,500 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

4.6 feet several times in September (discharge, 1,720 second-feet). Minimum 

discharge of 1,550 second-feet occurred February 25, when the stage-discharge 

relation Was affected by ice.

1900-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 33.4 feet at 12 noon March 28, 1913 (discharge, by extension of rating curve, about 57,300 second-feet); minimum 24- 

hour discharge, 288 second-feet, September 28, 1908.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice December to March; ice cover 

usually remains in place throughout winter.

REGULATION. About 4.1 billion cubic feet of storage has been developed in First 

Lake and in lakes and ponds tributary to First Lake; natural flow not seriously 

affected by use of stored water prior to September 30, 1916.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation affected at times by use of flashboards at 

Wilder dam and, during the winter, by ice. Several rating curves adjusted to 

condition of flashboards were used during the year. Gage read to tenths twice 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating 

table with corrections for ice during the winter. Records good, except for September, for which they are fair.
64 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Connecticut River at Orford, N. H., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 5

6

26

Nov. 29

2

Made by 

.....do.................

C TT Piflrop

.....do.................

.. ...do. .......... ...--.

.---.do.....-.....-----.

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.99

6.69

7 1Z

12.12

16.42

15.61

06.28

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,170

2,920

3,470

5,500

15, 900

2,390

Date.

Feb. 13

13

6

July 19

Sept. 12

13

Made by 

H. H. Khachadoorian. .

.....do.................

.....do.................

.-.-.do.................

HardinThweatt.......

...-.do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

a 5. 74

«5. 74

«6.80

»6.58

5.54

5.57

5.53

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,480

1,570

1,980

1,930

2,840

2,820

2,740

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

'Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Connecticut River at Orford, N. H.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

q

4. .......... ...

5... ....... ....

6..............

7..............

8........------

9..............

10..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18. .............

19..............

20...... ........

21..............

22..............

23.-.........--.

24..............

9<5

26. .............

27..............

28..............

9Q

30..............

31..............

Oct.

5,920

5,440

3,830

2,860

2,430

2,360

2,360

2,290

2,150

2,360

2,780

2,710

2,500

3,020

5,680

5.200

4,650

3,540

2,940

2,640

2,640

Nov.

2,640

2,710

3,540

3,450

3,180

3,180

2 860

2,860

9 Sfifl

2,710

2,780

2,780

9 78fl

2,710

2 71 ft

2,640

2,640

2 c?ft

2,570

2

Enn

3,180

6 9fift

7,810

7 9Qft

6,280

5 440

Dec.

16,700

17,800

17,000

12,000

8,300

8,020

8,300

8,020

6,900

6,220

5,840

5,330

4,500

4,200

3,850

3

0 Crt

** 7^n

3,850

3

CCfi

3,850

4,200

3,450

3

Ocn

3,250

2,450

Jan.

2,550

2

CKft

2,450

2,650

2,800

3 inn

2

QKrt

2

QKft

2 900

2' 650

3,050

2 Cert

3,350

3,650

3,650

3 1fift

2,750

2 250

2^100

2 200

2 200

2 100

2' 150

2,150

2,450

Feb.

9 4V1

2,250

2 inn

2,000

2

onn

2,050

1 900

2 J nfifi

2,050

2,150

9 nnn

1 900

1,'850

1 7V1

1,700

1,650 i ^^n

1 600

1^650

1,650

1,650

1 600

1^650

1 ^f\n

1 600

1,850

.......

Mar.

2,050

2,100

2,050

2,050 9 n<;n

1,950 i snn

1 750

1^850

1,700

1,800

1,850

1,750

1,750 i 7^n

1 7^n

1,850 1 7^n

1,700

1,700

1,800

1 Qfifi

2

1 AA

3 90ft

6,500

10,700

91 ^nn

na cnn

9^ 7nn

22, 900

Apr.

22,100

26,300

26,700

22,900

19 700

17,800

20 100

18 900

15,300

13,000

9 Q9fl

8,450

8,020

7,460

7 Qon

8,020

10, 100

13,900

20,500

Oc Qnn

28 400

9Q f^ftn

OQ C\C\C\

24 000

i s 7nn

14 400

i Q 9nn

May.

14,200

15,300

14,400

11,800

11,000

9,620

9 470

9,620

9 470

10' 700

12,500

19 ftfifi

n ^fifi

10,400

8,880

S

Ortrt

8,880

11 000

11 '300

10'400

10,100

9

non

Q 47ft

8 ft9A

7 600

7' i an

7,180

7,180

June.

6,900

7,460

7,880

8,600

8,600

8,160

7,180

6,630

8,020

8,300

9 470

1 7'nnfi

23,400

20,100

16,300

19 <?flfi

10,100

20,700

27,100

22,600

20,500

16,800

ID 7flA

10 700

7 180

6,100

5,200

5,960

July.

8,600

9,620

7,040

z dfifi

4,840

4,150

3 fi(\f\

S QCfl

2,850

2

fiCrt

2 750

3' 270

3,490

3,270

3,820

4 260

2

Q en

2 CCrt

3 050

3 97ft

3

OQn

3 Ann

2 950

2,110

2 fiqn

2,290

Aug.

2,200

2,110

2,110

1,950

2,850

2,650

2,110

3,930 A cnn

3 4Qft

3,050

9 47fl

2,380

3,160

6,120

8,920

8,660

7,680

9 C7ft

9 7nn

7,440

9,180

9

e7rt

8,160

6,120

4,580

4,250

5,040

Sept.

5.640

5,520

4,920

4,360

? o9n

3,300

2,670

2,670

9 7<;n

2,430

2,430

2 430

2, 280

2,140

2,000

2,000

1 Sfift

1 860

1,720

1,720

1,720

2

qerfl

2 ^on

2,430 9 AV\

2 430

2,140

i sfift

1,720

1 930

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Nov. 19-30, and Dec. 15 to Mar. 27; discharge determined from study of gage heights, discharge measurements, weather records, and comparisons of similar 

studies of nearby streams.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 65

Monthly discharge of Connecticut River at Orford, N. H.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1917. 

[Drainage area, 3,100 square miles.]

Month.

July......................

Observed discharge (second-feet).

Maximum.

5,920 

7,810 

17,800 

3,650 

2,450 

26,500 

29,500 

15,900 

27,100 

9,620 

9,700 

5,640

29,500

Minimum.

2,150 

2,500 

2,450 

2,100 

1,550 

1.700 

7,320 

7,180 

5,200 

2,030 

1,950 

1,720

1,550

Mean.

3,310 

3,600 

6,190 

2,700 

1,850 

5,200 

16,900 

'10,500 

12,000 

3,900 

4,870 

2,670

6,150

Gain or loss 

in storage at 

First Lake 

(millions of 

cubic feet).

- 329 

- 371

- 265 

- 249 

- 91.1 

+ 56.1 

+ 448 

+ 1,655 

- 44.5 

- 144 

+ 119 

- 223

Discharge corrected 

for storage (secondfeet).

Mean.

3,190 

3,460 

6,090 

2,610 

1,810 

5,220 

17, 100 

11, 100 

12,000 

3,850 

4,910 

2,580

6,170

Per 

square 

mile.

1.03 

1.12 

1.96 

.842 

.584 

1.68 

5.52 

3.58 

3.87 

1.24 

1.58 

.832

1.99

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches in 

drainage 

area).

1.19 

1.25 

2.26 

.97 

.61 

1.94 

6.16 

4.13 

4.32 

1.43 

1.82 

.93

27.01

CONNECTICUT RIVER AT STTNDERLAND, MASS.

LOCATION. At five-spa,n steel highway bridge at Sunderland, Franklin County, on 

road leading to South Deerfield, about 18 miles in a direct line and 24 miles by 

river above dam at Holyoke. Deerfield River enters the Connecticut from the 

west about 8 miles above the station.

DRAINAGE AREA. 8,000 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE . March 31, 1904, to September 30, 1917. From 1880 to 1899 

records were obtained at Holyyoke, Mass.

GAGES. Chain on downstream side of bridge; read by V. Lawer. Sanborn waterstage recorder on left bank, installed September 3, 1916.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel deep; bottom of coarse gravel and alluvial deposits. Control at low stages not well defined but practically permanent; at high 

stages the control is at the crest of the dam at Holyoke.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 20.0 feet at 7 a. m. 

March 30 (discharge, 63,700 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.8 foot at 

7. a. m. September 24 (discharge, 880 second-feet).

1904-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 30.7 feet during the night of March 28, 

1913, determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge, computed from extension of rating curve, about 108,000 second-feet 1 ); minimum stage recorded, 0.6 

foot September 28, 1914 (discharge, computed from extension of rating curve, 

about 700 second-feet).

ICE. The river usually freezes over early in the winter but the ice is likely to break 

up at times of sudden rises in stage and at those times it oscasionally forms ice 

jams at Northampton, 10 miles below the station, causing several feet of backwater at the gage.

REGULATION. Distribution of flow affected by operation of power plants at Turners 

Falls, Mass., and by regulation of Deerfield River. The effect of the regulation 

is shown by low water at the gage on Sundays and Mondays. Storage in Somerset reservoir and First Lake has very little effect on the run-off as observed at 

Sunderland.

i Supersedes figures previously published. 

101860° 20 WSP 451 5
66 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected by 

ice. Rating curve well defined between 1,500 and 70,000 second-feet. Chain 

gage read to half-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage height to rating table with corrections for ice during the winter. 

Records good except for extremely high and low stages and for times of ice effect, 

for which they are fair.

Discharge measurements of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

[Made by A. H. Davison.J

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.60

05.92

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

19,300

6,490

Date.

Feb.l........................

height.

Feet. 

06.36

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6,700 in fiftft

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4. .............

6.. ........... .

1.. ............

8...... ........

9..............

10.. .......... ..

11..............

12..............

13. .............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23. .............

24..............

OK

27..-........--.

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

14,300 

8,960 

10, 100 

10,100 

8,690

7,180 

6,050 

3,020 

5,410 

6,050

5,620 

4,030 

4,990 

5,200 

3,020

3,500 

6,050 

5,200 

6,050 

6,720

10, 400 

8,960 

10,100 

10,700 

8,960

7,910 

6,950 

6,050 

4,210 

5,830 

6,950

Nov.

6,950 

5,620 

5,200 

5,830 

5,200

6,720 

6,950 

6,050 

5,620 

5,620

6,490 

5,620 

4,590 

6,490 

6,950

7,420 

7,420 

6,720 

3,330 

3,330

5,620 

5,620 

5,200 

9,810 

22,500

19,500 

14,700 

14,000 

13,300 

17,000

Dec.

26. 200 

30,800 

29, 300 

27,000 

22,500

18,800 

18,800 

17,400 

17,400 

15,300

14,000 

14,000 

13,300 

12,000 

11,700

11,300 

8,960 

7,180 

9,520 

9,520

8,420 

9,810 

7,420 

10,100 

11,300

9,520 

9,240 

8,420 

10,100 

7,910 

5,410

Jan.

4,590 

6,720 

6,490 

6,270 

6,720

7,660 

7,660 

11,700 

10,400 

10,400

8,690 

7,910 

7,180 

4,210 

11,700

11,700 

12,300 

12,300 

11,000 

10,700

7,420 

6,270 

7,910 

6,720 

6,490

6,270 

6,050 

4,590 

5,200 

6,720 

5,830

Feb.

6,270 

5,830 

6,270 

3,020 

3,330

5,200 

5,620 

5,200 

5,200 

4,590

2,450 

3,020 

5,200 

4,210 

4,210

4,400 

4,400 

2,200 

1,960 

4,590

4,400 

4,030 

4,030 

4,210 

2,200

3,020 

6,950 

14,000

Mar.

15,700 

13,600 

9,810 

8,960 

5,200

7,180 

6,270 

6,270 

6,720 

7,910

6,490 

5,830 

8,160 

8,420 

9,810

9,520 

8,690 

5,830 

8,690 

8,160

7,660 

9,520 

10,100 

11,700 

34, 500

32,300 

38, 400 

56,500 

61. 300 

59, 700 

45, 500

Apr.

40,400 

46,200 

46,200 

47,800 

50,100

46,600 

44,700 

45,500 

45, 100 

40,400

33,100 

30,400 

20,300 

24,000

27, 700

18,100 

21,000 

21,700 

24, 700 

33,100

48,200 

56, 500 

59, 700 

58, 100 

53,300

48,200 

43,500 

37, 700 

36, 100 

29,300

May.

23,SOO 

30,800 

34, 600 

33,800 

31,900

33,100 

32, 700 

30,000 

28,900 

27,000

25,500 

24,000 

30,800 

19,900 

24,000

24,000 

22,500 

20,300 

17,800 

15,700

17,800 

18,800 

20,300 

22,900 

22,100

20,300 

19,900 

17,000 

19,900 

25,600 

23,600

June.

19,900 

16,700 

23,600 

11,300 

18,100

20,300 

19,200 

22,800 

22,100 

21,700

23, 200 

36,900 

48,600 

47,800 

43, 100

35, 700 

30,400 

28,500 

38,000 

39,600

35,300 

31, 500 

27,700 

22,500 

24,000

22,500 

18,800 

16,700 

14,700 

11,000

July.

10,100 

17,400 

17,000 

16,400 

11,000

10,400 

10,400 

6,050 

7,910 

7,420

6,270 

6,490 

6,270 

7,660 

4,790

6,050 

7,910 

8,160 

7,660 

6,950

6,490 

7,910 

5,200 

6,490 

6,950

6,720

7,180 

5,830 

3,020 

3,500 

4,210

Aug.

3,330 

3,330 

4,210 

7,910 

2,720

2,080 

4,030 

4,590 

4,400 

4,400

6,050 

3,330 

5,200 

6,950 

5,200

6,490 

6,490 

7,420 

10,700 

10,700

12,600 

13,300 

12,000 

15,000 

14,000

11,300 

16,000 

12.000 

10,400 

10,700 

11,700

Sept.

11,300 

10, 700 

10,100 

9,810 

9,240

9,520 

8,690 

6,050 

3,330 

3,330

4,400 

5,620 

4,790 

4,790 

4,210

2,720 

3,500 

4,990 

4,790 

4,400

4,210 

3,020 

1,620 

2,200 

3,300

3,170 

3,330 

3,330 

3,020 

1,960

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 16-Mar. 24; discharge during this period determined 

from study of gage-height graph, discharge measurements, weather records, and comparison with similar 

study for Connecticut River at Orford, and Turners Falls,
CONNECTICUT KIVEK BASIN. 67

Monthly discharge of Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

[Drainage area, 8,000 square miles.]

Month.

December. ...........

July..................

Observed discharge (secondfeet).

Maximum.

14,300 

22,500 

30,800 

12,300 

14,000 

61,300 

59, 700 

34,600 

48,600 

17,400 

16,000 

11,300

61,300

Minimum.

3,020 

3,330 

5,410 

4,210 

1,960 

5,200 

18,100 

15,700 

11,000 

3,020 

2,080 

1,620

1,620

Mean.

7,010 

8,180 

14,000 

7,930 

4,640 

17,200 

39,300 

24,500 

26,400 

7,930 

8,020 

5,180

14, 200

Gain or loss in storage (millions of 

cubic feet).

First 

Lake.

- 329 

- 371 

- 265 

- 249 

- 91.1 

+ 56.1 

+ 448 

+1,655 

- 44.5 

- 144 

+ 119 

- 223

Somerset Reservoir.

-369 

+ 29 

-130 

-246 

-448 

+ 153 

+541 

+464 

+268 

- 71 

- 59 -438

Discharge corrected for storage 

(second feet).

Mean,

6,750 

8,050 

13,900 

7,740 

4,420 

17,300 

39, 700 

25,300 

26,500 

7,850 

8,040 

4,920

14,200

Per

square 

mile.

0.844 

1.01 

1.74 

-.968 

.552 

2.16 

4.96 

3.16 

3.31 

.981 

1.00 

.615

1.78

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.97 

1.13 

2.01 

1.12 

.57 

2.49 

5.53 

3.64 

3.69 

1.13 

1.15 

.69

24.12

PASSUMPSIC RIVER AT PIERCE'S MILLS, NEAR ST. JOHNSBURY, VT.

LOCATION. At Suspension footbridge just below Pierce's mills, about 2 miles below 

mouth of Sheldon Branch, 4 miles above mouth, of Moose River, and 5 miles north 

of St. Johnsbury, Caledonia County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 237 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 26,1909, to September 30,1917.

GAGE. Staff in two sections; low-water section, a vertical staff bolted to ledge just 

above bridge; high-water section, an inclined staff bolted to ledge below bridge; 

read by Joseph Cox and W.I. Cox.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from footbridge or by wading below the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of ledge rock partly covered with gravel 

and alluvial deposits. At high stages the control is probably at the dam near 

Centervale.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.5 feet at 8 p. m. 

November 30 (discharge, by extension of rating curve, about 3,630 second-feet); 

minimum stage recorded, 1.55 feet at 5 p. m. August 8 and 7 a. m. August 9 (discharge, 141 second-feet); minimum discharge, 100 second-feet, March 20 (stagedischarge relation affected by ice).

1909-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 14.8 feet during the night of March 27, 

1913, determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge not computed); minimum stage recorded, zero flow at various times when water is being held back by 

mills.

ICE. River freezes over at the control; stage-discharge relation seriously affected; 

ice jams occasionally form below the gage.

REGULATION. A small diurnal fluctuation is caused by the operation of Pierce's 

mills, just above the station, and by other mills farther upstream. The effect 

of the diurnal fluctuation was studied by means of a portable automatic gage 

from August 16 to September 11, 1914. Although the results obtained from 

frwice-a-day gage heights were found to be occasionally in error for individual 

days, mean discharge for the period determined from twice-a-day gage heights 

was found to be identical with that obtained from hourly gage heights.
68 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, but many individual 

discharge measurements show a large percentage of error, probably due to fluctuation in stage during the measurement. Rating curve fairly well denned below 

2,000 second-feet. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge 

ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table with corrections 

for ice during the winter. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Passumpsic River at Pierce's mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt., 

during the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Mar 7

Made by 

.....do....--.....--....

Gage 

height.

Feet.

o2.45

4.55

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

153

1,310

Date.

July 20

20

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.48

2.47

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

467

447

oStage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Passumpsic River at Pierce's mills, St. Johnsbury, Vt., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

I........ ......

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7... ...........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16.... ......... .

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21 ..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

640

375

290

245

216

202

189

189

202

216

189

189

189

320

260

230

230

202

750

870

360

290

275

275

260

230

216

Nov.

260

600

420

360

290

260

260

230

245

290

260

230

230

202

260

260

260

245

260

00 A

245

500

460

305

1,660

Dec.

1,560

790

560

420

640

870

600

500

460

560

460

420

320

300

290

290

9Rfi

290

260

250

OCA

9fift

260

OOA

260

250

OAA

OOA

230

Jan.

220

220

230

9on

260

230

220

230

230

520

400

340

240

940

240

240

240

240

240

240

220

99ft

99ft

240

240

Feb.

240

240

240

220

190

210

220

220

190

ion

190

ion

ion

ion

200

190

190

190 ion

ion

190

ORft

440

Mar.

300

240

190

190

170

170

170

160

150

160

150

150

150

140

1 30

100

19ft

19ft

140

99ft

520

oon

1,510

3,140

1,310

950

Apr.

1,660

2,000

1,760

1.260

1,170

1,220

1,560

1,120

870

600

 600

600

finn

640

600

1 nnn

1 Oftfl

1 880

2,480

2,480

2,480

1,710

1,080

1 '950 080

950

1 040

I,'l20

May.

1,040

1,220

1,120

870

830

790

750

710

710

710

870

950

830

710

750

Ann

 wo

con

530

670

600

500

560

640

K«n

530

460

405

onn

500

405

June.

360

360

360

560

290

420

670

830

2,000

640

cfiA

CAA

KQA

1 660

7Qft

p^ft

530

460

^on

53P

CAA

OQft

360

305

500

1 ' 360

July.

870

1,000

600

390

390

360

260

94 1;

216

34ft

320

275

750

360

97c

245

275

360

CCA

COA

420

9on

230

OftO

176

1 w

1 >V>

305

Aug.

202

176

164

176

176

152

460

670

320

00 A

176

1 fid

189

COA

1 PUJA

1,510

670

830

1,080

600

420

420

1,000

CAA

360

one

eon

560

500

Sept.

405

530

460

320

305

360

260

245

OAA

260

OQA

230

202

OAO

202

176

216

OCA

245

202

202

ono

164

164

320

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 14 to Mar. 26; discharge determined from study of 

gage-height graph, discharge measurements, weather records, and comparison with similar studies for 

near-by streams.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 69

Monthly discharge of Passumpsic River at Pierce's mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt., for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 237 square miles.]

Month.

Mav

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

870 

1.660 

1,560 

520 

440 

3,140 

2,480 

1,220 

2,000 

1,000 

1,560 

530

3,140

Minimum.

189 

202 

200 

215 

190 

100 

600 

390 

290 

152 

152 

164

100

Mean.

300 

408 

414 

253 

217 

470 

1,240 

687 

622 

369 

482 

259

477

Per

square 

mile.

1.27 

1.72 

1.75 

1.07 

.916 

1.98 

5.23 

2.90 

2.62 

1.56 

2.03 

1.09

2.01

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.46 

1.92 

2.02 

1.23 

.95 

2.28 

 5.84 

3.34 

2.92 

1.80 

2.34 

1.22

27.32

WHITE RIVER AT WEST HARTFORD, VT

LOCATION. About 500 feet above highway bridge in West Hartford, Windsor County 

and 7 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 687 square miles (measured on topographic maps, and Post Route 

map of Vermont, edition of 1915).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 9, 1915, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Inclined staff on left bank; read by F. P. Morse.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable 1,500 feet below the gage or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel wide and .of fairly uniform cross section at measuring section. Bed covered with gravel and small boulders. Control formed by 

rock ledge 100 feet below the gage; well denned.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.1 feet at 6 p. m.. 

June 12 (discharge, by extension of rating curve, about 11,700 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.40 feet at 6 p. m. September 27 (discharge, by extension 

of rating curve, about 36 second-feet).

1915-1917: Maximum stage recorded June 12, 1917; minimum stage recorded, 

2.33 feet at 6 a. m. August 29, 1916 (discharge, by extension of rating curve, 1 

about 26 second-feet). The highwater of March 27, 1913, reached a stage of 18.9 

feet, as determined from reference point on scale platform opposite gage (discharge not determined).

ICE. River freezes over at the gage; control usually remains partly open, although 

ice on the rocks and along the shore affects the stage-discharge relation.

REGULATION. There are several power plants on the main stream and tributaries 

above the station, the nearest being that of the Vermont Copper Co., at Sharon; 

when this plant is in operation it causes some diurnal fluctuation in discharge at 

low stages. The effect of power plants farther upstream is eliminated by the large 

amount of pondage at Sharon.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected by 

ice. Rating curve fairly well defined between 150 and 5,000 second-feet. Staff 

gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage height to rating table with corrections for ice during the winter. 

Records good.

1 Revised, and supersedes minimum published in Water-Supply paper 431.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Discharge measurements of White River at West Hartford, Vt., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 27

Feb. 15

Mar. 14

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

. Feet. 

3.37

04.08

03.92

o4.46

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

286

405

296

455

Date.

Apr. 3

July 17

Made by 

C. H. Pierce............

£&

Feet. 

7.21

7.10

3.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4,440

4,110

550

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of White River at West Hartford, Vt.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

465

440

240

222

222

188

134

74

163

169

169

123

151

169

188

205

240

240

960

785

515

415

342

320

280

260

260

260

Nov.

260

300

300

280

280

320

260

280

260

280

365

300

330

320

300

260

205

240

320

349

342

280

222

3,320

2,110

925

785

855

785

3,020

Dec.

2,880

1,770

1,290

1,120

1,380

1,670

1,570

1,570

1,040

1,200

960

925

855

570

520

420

360

320

280

360

340

300

oon

280

260

Jan.

340

440

360

390

390

600

960

680

540

520

460

280

300

490

1,550

1.550

1,200

1,100

960

820

680

720

680

580

580

520

460

440

540

460

Feb.

460

440

360

360

440

390

340

360

390

340

300

360

340

320

320

300

Qftfi

340

oftn

340

320

340

320

OQrt

1 ' 400

Mar.

1,050

740

640

580

520

440

420

440

440

460

390

520

440

390

420

520

440

340

420

460

520

740

4,200

6.730

8,700

4.200

S QflO

2,900

Apr.

3,930

5,270

4,410

4.250

4,090

3,930

4,250

3,620

3,020

2,480

2,110

2,230

1,990

2.110

1,990

1,900

1,880

3,020

5,630

7 ^(V\

7 "?n(i

7,500

5,090

3,770

3,320

3.020

2 480

May.

2,610

2,880

3,170

2,610

2,350

2,610

2,480

2,350

2,230

2,230

2,110

2,110

2.110

1,880

1,770

1,670

1,470

1,380

1,380

1,770

1 880

1,380

1,470

1,990

1,670

1,770

1,670

1.470

1 QQfi

1 880

June.

1,570

1,470

1,290

1,380

1,120

1,040

855

1,290

2,480

1,770

2,880

10,100

5,270

3.320

2,610

2,110

2.230

1,770

1,470

1,290

1,120

855

1,299

1.040

QfiA

855

Q(V\

1,770

July.

1,120

1,040

855

690

660

630

490

465

440

390

390

342

690

570

570

720

515

465

465

660

465

<?49

465

280

280

oon

280

240

Aug.

240

205

166

166

205

172

205

172

205

820

465

280

300

240

205

320

440

570

465

365

OOfl

320

280 onfl

570

320

205

OQfl

320

Sept.

280

320

365

320

260

205

222

205

240

166

188

205

205

205

205

139

145

15

166

142

166

188

169

157

79

154

1 c7

160

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice, Dec. 15 to Mar. 26; and by logjams, May 22-23; discharge 

determined from study of gage-heights graph, discharge measurements, weather records, and observers 

notes.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN.

Monthly discharge of White River at West Hartford, Vt.,for the year ending Sept. 30,1917.

[Drainage area, 687 square miles.]

Month.

April. . ........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

960 

3,320 

2,880 

1,550 

1,400 

8,700 

7,500 

3,170 

10,100 

1,120 

820 

365

10,100

Minimum.

74 

205 

240 

280 

300 

340 

1,880 

1,380 

820 

240 

166 

72

72

Mean.

311

614 

794 

646 

392 

1,430 

3,680 

2,000 

1,990 

505 

314 

197

1,070

Per 

square 

mile.

0.453 

.894 

1.16 

.940 

.571 

2.08 

5.36 

2.91 

2.90 

.735 

.457 

.287

1.56

Run-oH 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.52 

1.00 

1.34 

1.08 

.59 

2.40 

5.98 

3.36 

3.24 

.85 

.53 

.32

21.21

ASHTJELOT RIVER AT HUTSDALE, N. H.

LOCATION. At lower steel highway bridge, about a quarter of a mile below dam of 

Fisk Paper Co., and 1J miles above mouth of river, at Hinsdale, Cheshire County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 440 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 22, 1907, to December 31, 1909, and July 11, 1914, 

to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain gage on downstream side of bridge; read by T. W. Golden.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed covered with coarse gravel and boulders. Control is 

a short distance below gage and is practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 7.25 feet at 4 

p. m. March 29 (discharge, from extension of rating curve, about 4,820 secondfeet) ; minimum stage recorded, 2 10 feet at 8 a. m. August 29 (discharge, from 

extension of rating curve, about 12 second-feet.)

1914^1917. Maximum stage recorded, 7.5 feet at 5 p. m. February 26, 1915 

(discharge, from extension of rating curve, about 5,190 second-feet); minimum 

stage recorded, 2.0 feet at 4 p. m. October 4, 1914 (discharge, from extension of 

rating curve, about 10 second-feet).

ICE. Stage discharge relation affected for short periods by ice which forms below 

bridge on control.

REGULATION. The mills immediately above station are operated continuously 

except for Sundays and holidays, but cause little fluctuation in stage. Storage 

in the mill ponds above affects distribution of flow. The effect of power regulation was studied by a temporary installation of water-stage recorder during 

July and August, 1917.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected 

by ice. Rating curve fairly well denned below 4,000 second-feet. Gage read to 

hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily 

gage height to rating table with corrections for ice during the winter. Records 

good.
STJKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PAET I.

Discharge measurements of Ashuelot River at Hinsdale, N. H., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 25

Apr. 23

24

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.60

5.40

5.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

401

928

2,030

1,900

Date.

Apr. 24

July 9

9

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.15

3.29

3.44

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,840

303

330

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Ashuelot River at Hinsdale, N. H.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8... ...........

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

950"

660

590

490

460

400

400

400

375

330

300

330

350

310

280

255

239

231

235

400

730

950

1,000

490

400

400

350

345

260

320

310

Nov.

350

350

350

375

400

375

350

375

375

350

375

350

340

350

400

350

340

340

247

350

340

340

350

350

340

660

660

590

520

730

Dec.

1,670

1,550

1,260

1,000

555

490

460

590

590

590

625

625

590

590

590

555

520

770

855

730

770

810

1,210

1,100

770

730

695

660

660

770

810

Jan.

810

810

770

810

900

1,050

1,100

950

810

770

730

660

695

855

900

930

1,000

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

855

855

855

855

855

810

Feb.

730

810

855

1,000

810

810

770

730

730

770

770

770

900

900

900

855

810

770

770

730

695

660

660

660

660

810

1,380

1,910

Mar.

2,170

2,040

1,670

1,430

1,210

1,100

1,100

1,100

695

590

855

855

730

660

660

730

810

810

810

810

855

900

1,100

1,380

1,910

2,440

3,000

3,430

4,590

4,150

2,860

Apr.

2,i70

2,580

3,140

3,000

2,580

2,440

2,300

1,910

1,670

1,430

1,210

1,100

900

1,100

1,100

590

520

520

490

460

1,380

1,910

2,170

1,910

1,670

400

1,210

1,100

1,000

810

May.

900

1,000

770

660

660

1,320

1,100

950

1,320

1,100

1,100

950

1,000

900

810

660

590

520

520

460

460

460

400

460

695

660

660

660

1,000

1,000

900

June.

590

555

590

520

590

730

1,160

1,550

1,670

1,670

2,440

2,860

3,280

3,000

2,300

1,550

1,320

1,100

1,380

1,670

1,380

1,100

855

810

695

660

555

520

520

590

July.

460

520

490

460

400

300

255

273

310

300

305

325

335

350

215

330

305

286

273

235

215

197

278

340

215

170

132

155

30

106

129

Aug.

134

122

88

155

68

106

106

132

129

129

102

86

191

129

142

855

1,000

1,000

1,000

950

950

460

350

278

251

212

155

158

161

173

Sept.

161

155

191

185

155

158

161

155

115

155

155

155

161

155

134

129

129

132

111

111

106

106

60

111

118

115

115

106

106

54

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 14, to Feb. 22; discharge determined from gageheights, one discharge measurement, observer's notes, and weather records. Discharge estimated Oct. 15.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 73

Monthly discharge of A&huelot River at Hinsdale, N. H.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 440 square miles.]

Month.

March.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,000 

730 

1,670 

1,100 

1,910 

4,590 

3,140 

1,320 

3,280 

520 

1,000 

191

4,590

Minimum.

231 

247 

460 

660 

660 

590 

400 

400 

520 

30 

68 

54

30

Mean.

437 

399 

780 

866 

844 

1,530 

1,490 

795 

1,270 

280 

321 

132

761

Per 

square 

mile.

0.993 

.909 

1.77 

1.97 

1.92 

3.48 

3.39 

1.81 

2.89 

.636 

.729 

.300

1.73

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.14 

1.01 

2.04 

2.27 

2.00 

4.01 

3.78 

2.09 

3.22 

.73 

.84 

.33

23.46

MILLERS RIVER NEAR WIKCHENDON, MASS.

LOCATION. At steel highway bridge known locally as Nolan's bridge, half a mile 

below mouth of Sip Pond Brook and 2 miles west of Winchendon, Worcester 

County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 80 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 5, 1916, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder on right bank just below bridge; 

installed July 4, 1917. Chain gage on downstream side of bridge June 5, 1916, 

to February 28, 1917. Foxboro water-stage recorder June 5 to July 3, 1917. 

Gages read by Arthur Lehman and Franklin Epps.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed covered with gravel and alluvial deposits. Control 

for low and medium stages is gravel bar about 200 feet below gage; shifts 

occasionally.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year ending September 30, 1917, 

occurred during period of unrecorded gage height; minimum stage, from waterstage recorder, 2.60 feet at 8.30 a. m. August 13 (discharge, about 6 second-feet). 

1916-17: Maximum stage recorded, 5.53 feet at 6 p. m. June 19, 1916 (discharge 

about 481 second-f eet1 ); minimum stage recorded August 13, 1917.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice. Complete ice cover usually 

remains intact throughout the winter. Owing to large diurnal fluctuation caused 

by operation of power plants above, water frequently overflows the ice cover.

REGULATION. Distribution of flow is affected by operation of power plants at Winchendon and by storage in Lake Monomonac and other reservoirs.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation subject to changes on account of shifts in low 

water control; also affected by ice. Rating curve for 1917 is well defined between 20 and 250 second-feet and fairly well defined between 250 and 600 

second-feet. Daily gage height June 5, 1916, to February 28, 1917, is mean 

of two readings per day, to hundredths, on chain gage; gage heights June 5 to 

July 3, 1917, is mean of 24 gage heights per day from Foxboro water-stage recorder. Daily discharge June 5, 1916, to July 3, 1917, ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage height to rating table with corrections for ice during the winter; 

discharge July 4 to September 30, 1917, determined by use of discharge integrator. Records for periods during which water-stage recorders were in operation 

are good; those for other periods are fair.

Revised determination; supersedes that published in Water-Supply Paper 431.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Millers River near Winchendon, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 13

Feb. 20

Apr. 3

4

Made by 

C. H. Pierce...........

H. H. Khachadoorian. .

Hardin Thweatt .......

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o3.67

4.45

5.34

5.16

A 1 0

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

118

108

462

388

220

Date.

11

12

15

10

Made by 

.....do................

.....do................

C. H. Pierce. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.12

4.77

3.90

. . .5. 67

5

KQ

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

220

OK7

342

179

480

CAR

Daily di

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

in second-feet, of Millers River near Winchendon, Mass., for the years 

ending Sept. SO, 1916-1917.

Day.

1916.

3. . ............ .

^. ..............

5. ............. .

6. . .............

7. ............ ..

10......-----..-.

11...............

13. ..............

15...............

Day.

1916-17

3......... ....

4.......... ----

5...............

6. ..............

7. .... ..........

8. .......... ....

9... ............

10...............

11..... ..........

12..... .........

13...............

14...............

15..... .........

16..... .........

17....... .......

18. ..--...-,....,

19. ..............

20...:............

21...............

22. ..............

23.......-.---...

24...............

25. ..............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

29.......----....

30.......-----...

31...............

June.

135

10C

123

89

10C

133

185

334

300

242

JlJiy.

54

14

133

97

205

123

135

89

35

97

178

105

99

93

64

Oc

1

A

t.

01

82

62

70

54

?9

53

58

67

64

45

16

55

42

49

51

7fi

29

73

78

70

66

51

33

36

KC;

ug.

87

82

80

101

37

28

76

85

76

74

58

56

31

53

10!)

No

S

V.

58

31

34

16

31

58

61

53

53

35

24

42

fil

73

47

53

41

27

40

43

39 in

76a5

53

<M

99

82

01

ept.

58

47

25

21

43

68

64

55

40

21

45

61

67

54

125

Dec

21

5

5

7

5

5

8

10

3

4

5

7

5

7

7

3

5

7

5

8

7

11

4

9

12

12

12

10

3

1

1

1

f

r

-i

fc

f

3a

3

5

*

3

3

2

<)

1

7

3

6

1

6

3

t)

3

fi

t)

6

7

7

5

5

5

5

Day

191

7......

8......

9......

0......

2......

3......

A......

6......

7......

8......

9......

0......

1......

Jan.

84

125

135

135

115

27

93

125

125

121

105

85

50

125

170

78

70

70

70

25

40

78

45

50

45

35

18

40

45

62

3.

Feb.

50

25

45

18

40

62

78

55

62

35

25

55

55

70

62

145

105

25

95

85

40

22

45

25

16

62

78

240

June.

192

314

246

383

280

170

272

200

95

97

272

212

182

137

117

June.

45

76

129

125

79

61

131

248

274

252

175

125

284

475

405

327

246

148

115

109

180

178

160

66

78

80

July.

15

78

76

67

51

48

39

40

111

53

82

178

312

212

79

150

July.

107

103

103

38

63

66

58

17

47

73

77

114

61

90

17

66

63

94

100

70

18

76

116

66

91

70

QO

Aug.

73

50

52

27

26

33

37

45

70

29

41

18

48

39

73

97

Aug.

47

44

39

34

37

62

59

76

88

64

19

42

63

65

104

210

315

174

146

114

92

89

65

36

87

72

ion

340

Sept.

224

68

150

192

109

75

64

105

150

300

190

80

79

93

182

Sept.

305

130

65

144

61

70

68

65

25

65

65

72

70

62

58

17

69

62

69

ft9

86

i f*

58

60

54

KO

49

34

NOTE. 1916: Revised determinations based on data obtained during 1917; supersede those published in 

Water-Supply Paper 431.

1917: Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 26-30,1916, and Jan. 3 to Feb. 28,1917; discharge determined from study of gage-height graph, discharge measurements, weather records, and comparison with 

similar study for Millers River at Erving. No gage-height record Mar. 1 to June 4. Discharge Sept. 6-10 

estimated by comparison with record of flow of Sip Pond Brook near Winchenden.
CONNECTICUT BIVEK BASIN. 75

Monthly discharge of Millers River near Winchendon, Mass., for the years ending Sept.

30, 1916-17.

[Drainage area, 80.0 square miles.]

Month.

1916.

July...........................................

1916-17. 

October. ......................................

July. ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

383 

312 

109 

300

129 

105 

218 

170 

240 

475 

118 

340 

305

Minimum.

89 

14 

18 

21

16 

16 

31

18 

18 

45 

17 

14 

15

Mean.

204 

100 

57.8 

95.1

59.2 

53,8 

80.3 

78.9 

61.4 

176 

72.8 

108 

69.2

Per 

square 

mile.

2.55 

1.25 

.722 

1.19

.740 

.672 

1.00 

.986 

.768 

2.20 

.910 

1.35 

.865

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.46 

1.44 

.83 

1.33

.85 

.75 

1.15 

. 1.14 

.80 

2.13 

1.05 

1.56 

.97

NOTE. Determination for 1916 revised by means of data obtained during 1917; supersede those published in Water- Supply Paper 431.

MILLERS RIVER AT ERVINO, MASS.

LOCATION. At downstream end of chair factory at Erving, Franklin County, about 

8 miles above confluence of Millers River with Connecticut River and below all 

important tributaries.

DRAINAGE AREA. 372 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 1, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Barrett & Lawrence 7-day hydrochronograph installed February 3, 1916, 

to replace Barrett & Lawrence gage installed July 1, 1915. Vertical staff attached 

to downstream end of factory, used August 1, 1914, to July 1, 1915, and at times 

when hydrochronographs were out of order. All gages at same site and datum; 

read by C. H. Gary and E. F. Bancroft.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable near gage or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed covered with coarse gravel and boulders. Control 

is a short distance below the gage and is practically permanent.

EXTREMES or DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

5.32 feet at 6 p. m. March 28 (discharge, 4,820 second-feet); minimum stage, 

from water-stage recorder, 0.87 foot at 3.30 p. m. October 29 (discharge practically 

zero).

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 5.6 feet at 4 p. m. February 25, 1915 

(discharge, 5,160 second -feet *); minimum discharge, practically zero at various 

times during 1915, and at 3.30 p. m. October 29, 1916, when water was held back 

by dams above the gage.

ICE. River freezes over below the gage at various times during the winter; ice considerably broken by rising and falling stages due to operation of power-plants.

REGULATION. Distribution of flow affected by operation of various power plants and 

storage reservoirs above the station.

1 Supersedes maximum published in Water-Supply Paper 415.
STJBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 191*7, PART I.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected 

by ice. Rating curve well defined below 4,000 second-feet. Staff gage read to 

hundredths twice dally. Daily discharge ascertained by use of discharge integrator except for periods when continuous gage-height record was not obtained. 

For these periods the staff gage records were used with corrections as determined 

by various comparisons with the water-stage recorder. Records good except for 

times of ice effect, for which they are fair.

Discharge measurements of Millers River at Erving, Mass., during the year ending Sept.

30. 1917.

Date.

Dec. 8

19

Made by 

HardinThweatt...---.

.....do. ................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.03

« 2. 38

a 3. 55

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

805

334

710

Date.

Feb. 23

Made by Gage

Feet. 

02.72

«3.76

9 91

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

344

300

319

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Millers River at Erving, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2.. .......... -.

3... ... ........

4-. -.....-.--. -

5..............

6...... ...... ..

7.. .......... -.

8-. -.-.-.-. ----

10-.-.-.-.-.-...

11..............

12..............

13..............

14......-.-.-..

15..............

16..............

17..... .........

18..............

19.. ............

20-.-..-.----...

21.............

99

23.............

24.............

25.. ...... .....

27..............

00

29..-..--.-.-...

Ort

31..............

Oct.

700

650

600

510

420

410

350

265

310

300

300

230

345

410

90

315

280

300

415

490

330

330

07 cr

OCA

QQrt

115

9Qn

280

Nov.

250

330

255

155

340

01ft.

330

OOA

290

255

182

275

230

415

190

OAfl

AC

325

OAA

260

330

690

800

CQrt

570

540

650

Dec.

800

820

fittfl

600

V7(\

520

410

470

A C.ft

490

CQA

4QA

430

400

400

380 070

070

360

OQft.

680

CCft.

530

sin

650

con

CQrt

490

450

Jan.

440

310

380

390

460

630

ERA

670

740

650

600

490

460

640

1,150

960

940

700

520

490

EAA

520

480

450

470

CArt

00ft.

°.7fi

340

370

Feb.

390

360

320

310

300

320

9Qfl

300

300

320

250

290

290

OQA

97ft

300

300

200

OOA

O.AA

-320

200

280

97n

OAA

450

Qf\r\

1,200

Mar.

1,550

1,500

1,250

1,100

1,000

960

OOA

780

780

720

610

730

870

920

770

810

SSft

850

1,020

860

830

1,020

1 660

2 9^n

2 OAA

3

AAA

4,350

4,500

3,450

2 AAA

Apr.

2,350

2,200

2,050

1,900

1,720

1,660

1,840

1,920

1,780

1,580

1,340

1,220

1,260

1,020

840

Qnn

OQ A.

880

800

qsn

1,160

1,080

1 140

1,100

1 040

770

930

son

sin

760

May.

880

960

1,140

1,020

1,060

1,200

1,360

1,160

1,140

1,020

860

820

680

740

750

720

610

560

460

465

570

670

OKA

QCrt

740

Wfl

450

850

980

June.

780

700

610

640

520

620

680

840

OKA

710

780

1,280

1,520

1,300

1,180

930

QOA

1 400

1,380

1,240

ftSft

780

600

430

680

600

540

410

540

July.

560

630

490

320

410

375

360

255

315

275

365

450

530

410

330

395

340

470

470

435

420

OCA

260

OQft

420

395

360

260

OQK

210

Aug.

260

210

240

220

82

250

210

160

240

620

520

280

375

240

270

280

340

740

800

' 700

510

540

440

OCA

345

9fifi

275

OOK

350

880

1,280

Sept.

1,140

800

570

490

430

370

320

315

315

295

315

290

270

275

240

120

275

235

250

245

255

97 1\

96

270

215

200

188

240

245

63

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 16-22, Dec. 30-Jan. 1, and Jan. 11-Mar. 10; discharge 

for these periods determined from study of gage-height graph, discharge measurements, weather records, 

and comparison with similar study for Millers River near Winchendon. Discharge determined from 

mean of two gage heights daily, Nov. 13-18, Dec. 9, Jan. 13, 19-22, 24, Feb. 3, 5-17, 22-24, 28; Mar. 1-8, 20, 

and Apr. 12-14.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 77

Monthly discharge of Millers River at Erring, Mass., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 372 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

700 

800 

1,080 

1,150 

1,200 

4,500 

2,350 

1,360 

1,520 

630 

1,280 

1,140

4,500

Minimum.

90 

95 

360 

310 

200 

610 

760 

445 

410 

210 

82 

63

63

Mean.

359 

365 

557 

548 

351 

1,490 

1,290 

829 

830 

383 

407 

320

646

Per 

square 

mile.

0.965 

.981 

1.50 

1.47 

.944 

4.01 

3.47 

2.23 

2.23 

1.03 

1.09 

.860

1.74

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.11 

1.09 

1.73 

1.70 

.98 

4.62 

3.87 

2.57 

2.49 

1.19 

1.26 

.96

23.57

SIP POND BROOK NEAR WINCHENDON, MASS.

LOCATION. About 500 feet above highway bridge, a quarter of a mile below Massachusetts-New Hampshire State line, 1^ miles below outlet of Sip Pond, and 3 

miles northwest of Winchendon, Worcester County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 18.8 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 29, 1916, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Gurley 7-day water-stage recorder, installed June 26, 1917, and vertical staff 

gage installed June 9,1917, on left bank 500 feet above highway bridge. Inclined 

staff gage on right bank 50 feet above highway bridge used May 29 to June 29 

and December 13, 1916, to June 26, 1917; Stevens 8-day water-stage recorder at 

same site and datum used June 30 to December 12, 1916. Gages read by W. G. 

Greenall and Hazel Greenall. All gages at same datum but owing to slope of 

stream readings on present gage are higher than those on gages previously used.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from footbridge 15 feet below Gurley water-stage 

recorder*or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed rough; covered with boulders. Control clearly defined. Considerable aquatic vegetation in channel below inclined staff gage 

during summer months.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.21 feet (on inclined gage) at 6 p. m. March 28 (discharge, from extension of rating curve, 294 

second-feet); minimum discharge, about 6 second-feet, occurred February 18, 

when stage-discharge relation was affected by ice; minimum open-water discharge, 7.2 second-feet at 7 a. m. October 28 (stage, inclined gage, 2.01 feet).

1916-17: Maximum stage recorded March 28, 1917; minimum stage, from waterstage recorder, 1.88 feet at 7 a. m. September 15, 1916 (discharge, from extension 

of rating curve, 5 second-feet).

REGULATION. Distribution of flow is considerably affected by operation of mills at 

State Line, N. H., and by storage in Pearly Pond and Sip Pond.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed occasionally at lower gage but apparently permanent at upper one. Rating curves used to June 26 fairly well defined 

between 9 and 130 second-feet; from June 27 to September 30, well defined 

between 9 and 100 second-feet. Inclined staff read to hundredths twice dailyOperation of both water-stage recorders satisfactory. Daily discharge October 1 

to December 12 ascertained by applying mean daily gage height from water-stage 

recorder to rating table; December 13 to June 26, by applying to rating table 

mean of two readings per day on inclined gage with corrections for ice during the 

winter; June 27 to September 30, by use of discharge integrator. Records good,
78 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Sip Pond Brook near Winchendon, Mass., during the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 14 

Nov. 7 

Dec. 21 

Jan. 18

Feb. 21 

Apr. 3 

3

Made by 

C. H. Pierce......

Hardin Thweatt. .

.....do............

H. H. Khacha-

.....do............

Hardin Thweatt..

.....do............

Gage height.

New location.

feet.

Original location.

Feet. 

2.23 

2.56 

2.72

3.05 

o4.22 

3.86 

3.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

12.8 

25.5 

36.0

56.4 

33.0 

116 

120

Date.

June 3 

3 

9 

12 

13 

21 

July 5 

7

Made by 

Hardin Thweatt. .

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

C. H. Pierce......

.....do............

Hardin Thweatt.. 

M. R. Stackpole..

Gage height.

New location.

Feet.

6.47

6.95 

6.55 

5.93 

5.46

Original 

location.

Feet. 

2.46 

2.50 

2.93 

3.35 

3.45 

3.05 

2.45 

2.06

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

22.5 

25.6 

43.4 

664 

80 

53 

23.7 

11.7

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. 

6 Results uncertain.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sip Pond Brook near Winchendon, Mass., for the year

end-Ing Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1.... ..........

2.. ............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9... ...........

10. .............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24. .............

26..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.......... \...

31..............

Oct.

61

58

30

32

31

25

24

15

22

22

20

20

18

16

8

15

15

18

17

24

24

13

21

21

19

14

17

14

9

17

17

Nov.

15

13

14

18

10

19

17

20

16

18

15

9

15

18

18

20

18

16

19

18

20

90

32

1Q

30

30

28

31

Dec.

56

55

48

44

34

37

35

28

21

12

22

20

24

26

24

29

16

26

29

31

25in

26

14

10

26

9Q

30

30

29

18

Jan.

30

27

24

18

25

40

24

30

35

32

33

34

32

18

32

46

57

47

39

32

20

17

21

20

19

18

19

9

18

20

21

Feb.

17

17

17

9

15

17

15

18

15

15

7

15

15

15

15

15

15

7

16

21

17

14

17

18

7

39

60

46

Mar.

62

68

69

51

48

50

44

43

43

42

26

39

37

38

39

38

39

31

41

53

49

37

38

51

96

117

146

290

237

202

152

Apr.

120

124

121

109

101

103

120

114

112

98

83

74

60

60

58

54

44

42

42

46

68

58

70

60

55

51

54

48

46

48

May.

48

60

58

52

61

63

61

55

54

51

47

48

42

48

42

36

30

27

26

19

26

24

26

29

34

34

29

36

36

36

38

June.

36

34

26

34

30

32

36

36

40

37

41

57

74

68

54

44

68

86

77

56

48

38

34

29

37

32

27

24

21

23

July.

19

24

23

20

18

18

15

11

15

19

22

18

18

16

10.

15

17

18

21

13

16

10

14

22

24

23

28

20

13

17

17

Aug.

14

14

14

14

9

15

11

13

13

14

14

10

15

14

16

45

136

176

136

70

63

55

43

39

32

28

28

24

35

112

128

Sept.

100

76

65

51

38

35

33

28

24

27

25

22

21

18

16

12

15

14

15

14

13

11

14

14

13

14

15

15

10

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 26 to Jan. 5, Jan. 11-15, and Jan. 19-Mar. 9: discharge determined from study of gage-height graph, observer's notes, and weather records. Discharge 

estimated July 4,14, and Aug. 9-12.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 79

Monthly discharge of Sip Pond Brook near Winchendon, Mass., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 18.8 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

November. ....................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

61 

32 

56 

57 

60 

290 

124 

63 

86 

24 

176 

100

290

Minimum.

8 

9 

12 

9 

7 

26 

42 

19 

21 

10 

9 

10

7

Mean.

21.8 

19.2 

28.8 

27.6 

18.4 

74.7 

74.8 

41.2 

42.6 

17.7 

43.5 

26.1

36.5

Per 

square 

mile.

1.16 

1.02 

1.53 

1.47 

.979 

3.97 

3.98 

2.19 

2.27 

.941 

2.31 

1.39

1.94

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.34 

1.14 

1.76 

1.70 

1.02 

4.58 

4.44 

2.52 

2.53 

1.08 

2.66 

1.55

26.32

PRIEST BROOK NEAR WINCHENDON, MASS.

LOCATION. At highway bridge 3 miles above confluence of Priest Brook with Millers

River and 3J miles west of Winchendon, Worcester County. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 18.8 square miles (measured on topographic maps). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 25, 1916, to September 30, 1917. 

GAGE. Sloping staff on left bank 200 feet below highway bridge; read by R. D.

Hutchinson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading. 

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel above station is straight; section fairly uniform;

gravel bottom. Control formed by the foundation of an old dam 30 feet below

gage; permanent. 

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. 1916-17: Maximum stage recorded, 4.88 feet at 7 a. m.

March 28 and 29, 1917 (discharge, 306 second-feet); minimum stage recorded,

2.30 feet several times in August. 1917 (discharge, by extension of rating curve,

about 1.5 second-feet). 

ICE. Brook freezes over at gage, and on control; stage-discharge relation somewhat

affected.

REGULATION. Flow not appreciably affected by regulation. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except when affected by

ice. Rating curve well denned between 2 and 180 second-feet. Gage read to

hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily

gage height to rating table with corrections for ice during the winter. Records

good.

Discharge measurements of Priest Brook near Winchendon, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Jan. 17

Feb. 20

Made by 

Hardin Thweatt .......

height.

Feet. 

o3.00

o2.85

4.04

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

17.8

45.8

12.3

138

Date.

8

Aug. 2

Oct. 13

Made by 

C. H. Pierce...........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.37

3.40

2.37

2.91

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

49.0

50

2.58

15.4

9 Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
80 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Priest Brook near Winchendon, Mass., for the years

ending Sept. 30, 1916-17.

Day.

1916. 

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23...-...-....-.

24..............

25.... ..........

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.. ............

31-.....-......-

1917.

2. .............

4..............

5..............

6-...-.-.......

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

10

14..............

IS..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22.............. "n

24..............

9H

26..............

27..............

28..............

on

30..............

01

Oct.

54

40

VI

29

25

22

20

17

18

14

14

14

19

1Q

10

10

15

1Q

1°.

99

QO

25

oq

28

oq

21

17

16

1O

15

15

Nov.

oo

18

16

16

1Q

21

17

14

16

16

16

iq

19

15

19

1Q

1S

16

10

13

99

17

iq

82

61

58

34

38

on

94

Dec.

52

71

36

41

46

41

49

48

40

36

27

24

91

20

20

16

14

. 14

iq

14

99

on

26

91

25

97

27

99

21

Jan.

12

17

1Q

20

14

32

46

OK

36

on

9fi

99

19

9*.

9.1

64

46

OK

9Q

24

10

17

15

11

10

1fi

19

19

15

Feb.

19

12

19

iq

10

10

10

9.2

8.4

8.0

8.0

7.1

6.5

6.5

6.8

8 (\

8

n

7.1

19

7.7

5

0

10

12

15

14

01

54

Mar.

80

Q3

62

50

40

qe

29

OO

94

30.

90

99

on

99

oq36'

42

44

39

or.

qc

^Q

81

168

178

226

onn

occ

246

168

Apr.

iwi

i ^n

lor.

1 ^O

150

112

Ql

82

56

70

56

48

46

4q

46

qq

42

61

38

60

CO

42

26

28

qc

99

on

May.

35

28

24

18

20

27

35

on

50

46

46

56

61

56

97

36

37

38

39

qq

27

22

99

22

20

16

17

21

28

3Q

34

24

1Q

19

58

57

49

June.

26

24

16

32

29

24

34

30

27

30

61

37

50

43

33

. 29

41

73

77

81

75

65

48

39

33

53

48

32

26

21

35

29

26

29

23

29

32

44

60

59

58

84

122

109

71

56

67

82

91

67

36

24

22

22

27

23

20

26

3fl

July.

18

17

30

50

47

35

35

20

21

21

27

21

17

19

17

16

15

15

15

11

15

15

22

19

19

20

88

150

77

43

35

13

11

11

11

12

16

8.0

9.5

9.5

9.8

13

23

21

7.1

7.4

iq

15

15

15

13

9.2

8.0

9.5

27

16

13

8.9

5.3

4.6

3 4

Aug.

29

21

18

29

19

19

8.6

4.8

25

27

17

15

13

16

18

11

9.5

8.0

6.8

14

5

3.0

9.5

22

11

11

3.0

13

15

9.8

9.2

2.4

2.0

6.5

2.5

2.0

1.6

1.7

2.0

2.8

32

7.4

2.2

6.8

8.3

14

41

159

66

81

58

36

51

38

23

19

17

8.6

29

206

159

Sept.

6.2

7.7

2.6

2.5

2.6

4.2

11

5.6

10

3.8

2.1

3.4

4.0

2.0

8.0

129

65

60

52

42

35

32

36

95

65

49

40

32

32

59

132

99

66

45

38

32

21

23

20

19

18

9.2

9.5

17

11

8.3

7.7

13

8.0

11

8.6

8.0

8.0

7.5

7.0

6.5

6.5

2.9

2.8

2.5

NOTE. 1916: Revised determinations based on data obtained in 1917; supersede those published in 

Water-Supply Paper 431.

1917: Stage discharge relations affected by ice Dec. 13-29, and Jan. 12-Feb. 27,1917; discharge determined 

from study of gage-height graph, discharge measurements, and weather records. Discharge estimated, 

Sept. 23-26.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 81

Monthly discharge of Priest Brook near Winchendon, Mass., for the years ending Sept. SO,

1916-17.

[Drainage area, 18.8 square miles.]

Month.

1916. 

May 25-31. . ...................................

July...........................................

1916-17.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

35 

81 

150 

29 

129

54 

82 

71 

64 

54 

299 

150 

61 

122 

27 

206 

132

299

Minimum.

18 

16 

11 

3.0 

2.0

12 

13 

13 

10 

5.3 

29 

26 

16 

20 

3.4 

1.6 

2.5

1.6

Mean.

26.7 

41.2 

31.3 

14.2 

30.0

21.4 

23.6 

30.1 

24.9 

11.8 

84.1 

74.9 

35.6 

47.3 

* 11.9 

39.9 

22.3

35.8

Per 

square 

mile.

1.42 

2.19 

1.66 

.755 

1.60

1.14 

1.26 

1.60 

1.32 

.628 

4.47 

3.98 

1.89 

2.52 

.633 

2.12 

1.19

1.90

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.37 

2.44 

1.91

.87 

1.78

1.31 

1.41 

1.84 

1.52 

.65 

5.15 

4.44 

2.18 

2.81 

.73 

2.44 

1.33

25.81

NOTE. Determinations for 1916 revised by means of data obtained during 1917; supersede those published 

in Water Supply-Paper 431.

OTTER RIVER NEAR GARDNER, MASS.

LOCATION. At concrete arch bridge just above outlet of Wilder and Kneeland 

brooks, about a mile west of Gardner, Worcester County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 20 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 28, 1916, to September 30, 1917, when station was 

discontinued.

GAGE. Vertical staff bolted to downstream side of right abutment of highway bridge; 

read by Alfred Cavalier.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Growth of aquatic vegetation in channel during summer 

months seriously affects stage-discharge relation.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE: Maximum stage during periods covered by records, 3.60 

feet at 6 p. m. March 28, 1917 (discharge, 189 second-feet); minimum stage 

recorded, about 0.4 foot several times in October, 1917 (discharge not 

determined).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice; river freezes over.

REGULATION. Operation of a filter plant a quarter of a mile above the gage causes 

occasional fluctuations in discharge.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice and by aquatic vegetation. Frequent discharge measurements required. Standard rating curve 

fairly well defined. . Gage read to htmdredths twice daily. Daily discharge determined by shifting-control method, adjusted gage heights being applied to 

rating table for standard curve. Records fair, 

101860° 20 WSP 451 6
82 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Otter River near Gardner^ Mass., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 14

Nov. 8

Dec. 21

Jan. 18

Feb. 22

Apr. 4

Made by 

C TT "Piarpfl

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.44

.32

a .29

a 1.75

o .64

1.67

1.67

1.75

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5.8

11.4

8.6

31.0

15.5

88

92

Date.

28

28

Sept. 10

Oct. 15

15

Made by 

M. R. Stackpole........

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.02

1.85

1.84

.71

1.03

 .08

- .08

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

71

34.0

34.8

15.6

6.7

6.4

5.7

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Otter River near Gardner, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1....... .......

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6 ... .. . .

7..............

8..............

9..............

10. .............

11..............

12............ .

13............ .

14...........

15............ .

16........ . .

17.......... .

18.......... .

19............ .

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

27

27

23

16

9.4

8.4

8.6

8.6

7.3

6.2

5.8

5.2

C C

5.0

4.9

4.7

4.0

4.0

12

13

14

14

10

8.7

10

9.8

9.4

9.7

11

10

Nov.

9.7

10 ,

10 '

9 7

10

13

12

11

10

10

Q 4

9.5

13

16

15

13

11

11

19

9 8

8.2

8.1

oe

48

52

42

44

40

46

Dec.

48

, 52

' 48

37

44

46

44

37

30

30

28

24

22

16

12

8.2

13

12

10

Q O

7.9

10

07

W1

50

46

40

35

28

24

Jan.

20

17

13

11

7.6

24

48

54

58

56

52

44

V7

V7

44

Af\

37

90

0.1

9K

24

15

16

14

12

10

15

15

Feb.

15

13

9.4

9

0

15

15

16

15

13

6.2

19

13

19

14

16

14

16

19

16

16

27

31

Qfi

84

Mar.

74

76

70

60

62

62

60

62

68

68

72

64

70

64

60

60

64

74

76

76

66

74

76

100

155

1W\

130

170

14/1

110

Apr.

100

98

04

on

110

125

120

110

92

84

62

60

50

40

4n

46

KA

<;fi

41

74

62

58t&

u

48

46

KA

Kf)

46

May.

48

48

u

Cf\

c«

62

64

60

V)

50

4Q

46

44

41

42

36

32

34

07

oe

33

35

39

Kfl

*f\

50

4^

40

CO

54

52

June.

50

47

41

42

4H

45

47

52

4Q

46

46

64

72

66

56

46

52

76

64

52

47

44

37

07

36

39

36

33

39

July.

35

32

30

qi

25

19

16

15

13

14

16

00

35

37

v>

3O

29

34

 3-t

27

OC

22

91

22

20

19

21

19

17

15

Aug.

17

18

30

V7

¥7

38

01

26

32

38

00

20

1Q

28

J.Q

49

00

27

OO

31

28

20

16i<?

17

29

38

Sept.

38

38

39

OC

25

24

Of

30

oc

25

21

20

24

oo

19

17

18

11

7 Q

S 9

8.4

10

7.9

R St

8 O

6.3

5.1

5.2

c o

5.0

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 12-23, Dec. 31-J»n. 6, and Jan. 12-Feb. 26; by 

shifting control and vegetation in the bed of the stream Oct. 1-Nov. 7, Mar. 25-Apr. 16, and May 1-Sept. 

30. Daily discharge determined from study of gage-height graph, discharge measurements, and weather 

records.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 83

Monthly discharge of Otter River near Gardner, Mass., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 20.0 square miles.]

Month.

February. .....................................

May...........................................

July............................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

27 

52 

52

58 

96 

185 

125 

64 

76 

37 

49 

39

185

Minimum.

4.0 

8.1 

7.9 

7.6 

6.2 

60 

40 

32 

32 

13 

13 

5.0

4.0

Mean.

10.4

18.6 

29.6 

27.8 

20.5 

87.2 

70.8 

46.4 

47.9 

24.6 

28.9 

18.6

36.0

Per 

square 

mile.

0.520 

.930 

1.48 

1.39 

1.02 

4.36 

3.54 

2.32 

2.40 

1.23 

1.44 

.930

1.80

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.60 

1.04 

1.71 

1.60 

1.06 

5.03 

3.95 

2.68 

2.68 

1.42 

1.66 

1.04

24.47

EAST BRANCH OF TTJLLY RIVER NEAR ATHOL, MASS.

LOCATION. At highway bridge half a mile below mouth of Lawrence Brook and 

3J miles north of Athol, Worcester County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 50.2 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 13. 1916, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Vertical«taff on downstream side of right abutment; read by W. A. Thompson.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Two channels under bridge, one channel above; about 200 

feet below the gage the channel is divided by an island. Control sections are 

formed by rocks and boulders in the two channels; probably permanent. .

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. 1916-17: Maximum stage recorded, 3.76 feet at 1 p. m. 

March 28, 1917 (discharge, 780 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.30 foot 

at 6 p. m. August 8 and 7 a. m. August 9, 1917 (discharge, 6.0 second-feet).

ICE. Ice forms along banks; stage-discharge relation affected for short periods.

DIVERSIONS. About half a mile below station water is diverted through a canal into 

Packard Pond; a discharge measurement made June 14,1917, showed 13.0 secondfeet diverted through canal.

REGULATION. Flow not seriously affected by regulation.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent except for short periods when 

affected by ice. Rating curve well defined between 10 and 300 second-feet. 

Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage height to rating table with corrections for ice during the winter. Records good.

Discharge measurements of East Branch of Tully River near Athol, Mass., during the

year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Nov. 8

Dec. 20

Jan. 19

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.22

1.28

1.84

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

44.0

46.3

118

Date. Made by 

C. H. Pierce... .........

M. R. Stackpole........

Gage 

height.

Feet.

O KA

2.38

.48

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

97O

226

9-2
84

Daily dis*

STJKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

, in second-feet, of East Branch of Tully River near Athol, Mass., for the 

years ending Sept. 30, 1916 and 1917.

Day.

1916. 

1.. ............

2..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

iq

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

91

99

oq

94

or

26..............

27..............

28..............

90

30..............

31

1917. 

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9

10...... ........

11. .............

12..............

13

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

20..............

21..............

99

23..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31

Oct.

137

110

88

71.

62

56

49

40

38

35

29

28

28

30

30

30

30

28

27

58

84

78

65

nf\

49

44

42

35

32

31

30

Nov.

31

39

40

37

41

49

49

45

42

41

36

32

30

40

57

53

43

42

38

37

32

90

31

112

155

109

89

78

71

90

Dec.

200

185

141

113

103

100

90

80

72

74

76

77

73

71

63

58

56

53

51

49

47

54

84

103

104

on

77

70

65

5740

Jan.

43

42

43

45

46

80

117

123

120

110

101

101

65

93

137

165

157

134

113

88

71

67

60

56

53

51

51

4fi

46

45

45

Feb.

46

46

46

43

43

42

40

37

36

34

34

35

34

31

29

29

28

26

9^

24

24

24

23

25

90

33

O3

123

Mar.

141

141

123

104

90

80

67

65

76

78

76

78

85

85

80

76

85

113

120

96

90

93

107

344

381

445

775

675

510

490

Apr.

330

355

326

295

273

260

312

316

273

990

10H

179

165

153

145

136

132

127

125

125

170

176

165

155

143

127

127

128

117

May.

109

161

147

128

165

165

143

139

19f\

1 19

104

200

QQ

85

71

65

60

55

48

47

45

67

107

104

88

66

67

99

145

130

June.

161

141

120

100

125

223

234

215

172

139

112

96

120

128

104

84

74

106

Q9

80

sn

68

72

on

100

161

19Q

210

282

990

193

170

157

188

170

 iO A

110

QQ

80

7Q

88

7O

66

58

51

69

July.

56

42

59

80

92

85

70

57

51

Cft

51

44

36

49

45

3ft

31

28

99

20

18

20

45

vt

41;

51

168

401

O7Q

176

134

60

51

45

QQ

35

29

25

20

21

1C

QQ

51

40

34

QQ

24

35

41

43

36

OQ

26

20

00

<3A

(>C

IQ

16

14

19

Aug.

106

79

61

49

38

32

26

26

52

fi9

49

.42

39

42

37

OQ

24

18

15

14

14

19

14

65

7Q

59

40

43

54

4K

35

11

10

9

K

8

0

8

rt

7 9

6.8

6

rt

A O

OQ

107

74

55

40

Of

59

100

O9Q

90*!

Q4

74

R1

ftn

51

43

36*n

077

413

Sept.

28

22

17

15

14

15

17

17

20

14

12

11

11

10

15

OHO

9RQ

1Q7

147

on

71

77

170

14Q

77

70

AQ

115

115

qio

937

190

149

121

CO

77

66

*HJ

KA

45

on

34Qfl

97

24

99

20

1Q

17

17

15

14

14

14

12

19

14

14

NOTE. 1916: Record revised by means of data obtained in 1917; supersedes that published in "WaterSupply Paper 431.

1917: Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Feb. 9-26; discharge determined from study of gage-height 

graph, observer's notes, and weather records.
MVER BAfcltf.

Monthly discharge of East Branch of Tully River near Athol,

Sept. 30, 1916 and 1917.

[Drainage area, 50.2 square miles.]

85

.. for the years ending

Month.

1916.

July...........................................

September. ....................................

1916-17.

April..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

243 

401 

106 

289

137 

155 

200 

165 

123 

775 

355 

165 

282 

60 

413 

312

775

Minimum.

74 

18 

12 

10

27 

29 

47 

42 

23 

65 

117 

45 

51 

12 

6.2 

12

6.2

Mean.

144. 

77.0 

41.9 

75.3

50.0 

53.9 

83.4 

81.1 

38.6 

191 

196 

103 

121 

31.2 

84.8 

59.2

91.3

Per 

square 

mile.

2.87 

1.53 

.835 

1.50

0.996 

1.07 

1.66 

1.62 

.769 

3.80 

3.90 

2.05 

2.41 

.622 

1.69 

1.18

1.82

Run-off 

(depth in 

 inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.92 

1.76 

.96 

1.67

1.15 

1.19 

1.91

1.87 

.80 

4.38 

4.35 

2.36 

2.69 

.72 

1.95 

1.32

24.69

' NOTE. Record for 1916 revised by means of data obtained in 1917, and supersedes that published in 

Water-Supply Paper 431.

MOSS BROOK AT WENDELL DEPOT, MASS.

LOCATION. About a quarter of a mile above confluence with. Millers River and a 

quarter of a mile from Wendell Depot, Franklin County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 12.2 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 7,1916, to September 30,1917. From June 4 to October 

16,1909, records were obtained at a station near the mouth of the stream, and from 

April 25 to August 27, 1910, at a weir a short distance below the present site.

GAGE. Sloping staff on left bank; read by C. M. Porter.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed principally of ledge rock and boulders. 

Control permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. 1916-17: Maximum stage recorded during the year, 3.52 

feet at 12.45 p. m. March 28, 1917 (discharge, by extension of rating curve, about 

187 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.86 foot at 7.30 a. m., August 29,1917 

(discharge, by extension of rating curve, about 0.6 second-foot).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation slightly affected by ice for short periods.

REGULATION. Flow not affected by regulation.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent!, except when affected by ice. 

Rating curve well defined between 2 and 20 second-feet and fairly well defined 

between 20 and 60 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table with 

corrections for ice during the winter. Records good.
86 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Moss Brook at Wendell Depot, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Nov. 9

Dec. 8

8

20

Jan. 19

19

Made by 

'Hardin Thweatt .......

.....do..................

H. H. Khachdoorian. . .

height.

Feet. 

1.33

1.52

1.51

o 1.43

1.75 i ?<;

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

7.4

14.7

12.8

8.8

23.8

20.5

Date.

Feb. 3

2

Aug. 3

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.43

2.16

2.16

1.75

1.75

1.09

. Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

10.8

52

52

27.2

25.8

2.9

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Moss Brook at Wendell Depot, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1... ...........

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12. .............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24.............. OK

26..............

27..............

29..............

30..............

31..-....--...-.

Oct.

18

11

9.2

7.8

7.0

6.6

5.7

5.2

4.5

4.1

4.1

4.0

3.6

4.6

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.4

3 A

21

16

10

8

f.

7.8

6.8

6.6

5.9

5.2

5.2

5.0

5.2

Nov.

6.3

6.1

7.0

6.3

10

12

9.4

8

1

7.5

7.5

7.0

6.1

6.1

12

12

Q A

8.1

7 i

7.5

7.5

7.5

7 1

7.0

33

on

25

22

IK

19

35

Dec.

44

Ifi

23

20

18

18

16

to

15

1Q

14

1 %

18

10

17

in

12

10

g

9

8

28

20

97

OQ

17

14

11

11

11

9

Jan.

9

g

9

9

10

22

91

oo

25

91

10

11

99

45ni

26

99

20

16

IK

1°.

19.

19

12

10

11

11

10

12

Feb.

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

9

9

9

9

9

8

10

20

63

47

Mar.

42

OA

93

19

18

17

17

16

19

19

20

20

21

99

21

20

2311

34

11

98

97

17

63

Q8

no

108

74

70

Apr.

59

79

61

58

52

55

63

59

45

37

35

34

19

31

OA

27

27

97

01

40

37

oo

90

OK

22

OK

q-i

97

24

May.

24i>»

33

28

36

50

qe

32

29

27

27

25

23

21

19

18

17

16

15

14

16

OO

39

on

24

00

00

49

36

June.

28

91

24

21

19

25

34

44

45

on

31

61

62

4Q

54

43

52

4311

27

23

1Q

16

91

22

20

10

14

13

00

July.

18

11

10

a Q

7.8

7.3

6.3

<; Q

6.3

10

12

10

10

8

4

6.8

19

19

10

s 1

7.0

5.7

4.5

3

0

3 %

3 A

2 4

2 4

9 4

1.8

Aug.

1.6

2 A

2 7

1.7

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.0

1.2

97

7.8

4.0

2.5

9 1

1.7

9 8

5.7

3

0

9 7

i a

1.6

1.6

1.6

2

1

1.6

1 9

1.0

10

45

11

Sept.

19

to

9 7

6.1

4.3

4.0

3.6

3.6

3

. A

2

*7

9 1

2 1

1

Q

1

Q

1.7

1.6

1.5

1,5

1.4

i i

1 o

I

rt

1.4

1.4

1.4

1

0

1.4

9 1

1 ft

1.7

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 14 to Jan. 21, and Feb. 8-13; discharge determined 

from a study of gage-height graph, discharge measurements, and weather records.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 87

Monthly discharge of Moss Brook at Wendell Depot, Mass., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1917.

[Drainage area, 12.2 square miles.]

Month.

July. ..........................................

September. ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

21 

35 

44 

45 

63 

161 

72 

50 

62 

18 

45 

19

161

Minimum.

3.4 

6.1 

8 

9 

8 

16 

22 

14 

13 

1.8 

.8 

1.3

.8

Mean.

7.00 

11.9 

17.5 

17.9 

12.8 

43.3 

39.0 

28.5 

31.6 

7.93 

5.60 

3.41

18.9

Per 

square 

mile.

0.574 

.975 

1.43 

1.47 

1.05 

3.55 

3.20 

2.34 

2.59 

.650 

.459 

.280

1.55

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

draiage 

area).

0.66 

1.09 

1.65 

1.70 

1.09 

4.09 

3.57 

2.70 

2.89 

.75 

.53 

.31

21.03

DEERFIELD RIVER AT CHARLEMONT, MASS.

LOCATION. 1 mile below village of Charlemont, Franklin County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 362 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 19, 1913, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Friez water-stage recorder on left bank, referred to gage datum by a hook 

gage inside the well; an outside sloping staff gage is used for auxiliary readings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed covered with coarse gravel and boulders; section 

fairly uniform. Control practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

7.53 feet at 10.30 p. m. April 21 (discharge, 9,760 second-feet); minimum stage 

during year, from water-stage recorder, 1.41 feet at 10 a. m. August 7 (discharge, 

34 second-feet).

1913-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 15.7 feet on July 8, 1915 (discharge by 

extension of rating curve, about 45,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

1.35 feet on September 21 and November 3, 1914 (discharge, 23 second-feet).

ICE. River is usually frozen over during the greater part of the winter; ice jams 

occasionally form below the gage causing several feet of backwater.

REGULATION. Flow during low and medium stages largely regulated by a storage 

reservoir at Somerset, Vt. Several power plants above the station cause diurnal 

fluctuation.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except as affected by 

ice. Rating curve well denned. Operation of the water-stage recorder satisfactory except for short periods as shown in the footnote to the daily-discharge 

table. Daily discharge ascertained by use of discharge integrator. Records 

excellent.

Discharge measurements of Deerjield River at Charlemont, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Jan 2

22

29

Made by 

Hardin Thweatt .......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

«6.19

«5.09

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

819

530

825

Date.

Feb. 24

Apr. 7

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.85

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

CQ«

1 * 880

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Deer field River at Charlemont, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7.. ............

8..............

9..............

10. .............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14.............. 11;

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20.. ........... .

21..............

22..............

23.... . .........

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

380

235

325

325

240

150

265

255

90

435

425

465

425

580

520

610

530

500

500

1,820

950

470

450

280

330

275

250

365

260

375

445

Nov.

445

440

510

395

410

350

325

390

510

840

680

300

450

640

560

465

385

380

225

410

1,780

750

560

520

2,700

Dec.

2,200

1,200

980

660

840

1,300

980

730

720

810

650

620

500

400

380

330

370

640

700

700

720

840

640

470

370

540

660

500

380

260

Jan.

460

760

620

600

620

940

880

780

470

330

185

220

220

640

1,800

1,000

720

560

420

330

360

560

640

500

420

260

440

640

660

Feb.

660

470

310

175

440

580

560

580

580

380

185

195

370

400

480

540

155

400

430

360

430

460

270

480

2,800

3,100

Mar.

2,000

1,100

760

540

440

430

460

540

540

390

350

740

1,100

860

660

580

. 520

500

320

330

520

620

740

2,700

5,100

2,300

2,450

5,600

2,600

1,600

1,360

Apr.

3,100

4,250

2,800

2,650

2,650

2,200

1,780

1,440

1,300

1,040

920

1,020

910

1,060

900

960

970

1,660

2,300

5,740

6,200

7,140

5,220

3,500

2,500

2,150

1,640

1,200

1,340

1,740

May.

1,540

1,720

1,700

1,200

1,560

1,720

1,840

2,000

2,200

1,980

1,680

1,520

1,580

1,420

1,540

1,200

1,020

910

910

960

990

830

1,110

1,100

960

1,020

800

870

2,500

2,000

1,280

June.

990

760

710

810

640

800

2,000

2,100

1,460

1,120

980

2,400

1,560

1,100

1,020

840

700

700

580

440

350

365

300

420

470

410

450

415

400

500

July.

300

310

520

300

240

235

190

160

195

255

350

660

435

320

380

325

420

375

285

390

285

245

156

200

250

300

240

230

220

195

200

Aug.

180

205

250

250

255

130

126

220

325

360

305

250

174

225

210

530

460

670

230

178

196

150

124

200

440

370

160

114

166 650'

1,180

Sept.

590

560

360

340

250

170

166

192

126

225

250

330

380

400

310

160

300

360

350

320

330

335

102

410

385

340

365

375

210

280

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 14-Mar. 25; discharge determined from study of 

gage-height graph, discharge measurements, and weather records. Discharge estimated because of no 

gage-height record Oct. 23-27, July 24, 25, 28, and Aug. 3-4.

Monthly discharge of Deerfield River at Charlemont, Mass., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1917.

[Drainage area, 362 square miles.]

Month.

October. ................

April.....................

July.....................

Observed discharge. (Secondfeet).

Maximum.

1,820 

4,900 

2,200 

1,800 

3.100 

5', 100 

7,140 

2,500 

2,400 

660 

1,180 

590

7,140

Minimum.

90 

225 

260 

185 

155 

320 

900 

800 

300 

156 

114 

102

90

Mean.

436 

747 

691 

572 

590 

1,250 

2,410 

1,410 

891 

296 

299 

309

821

Gain or 

loss in 

storage at 

Somerset, 

Vt. 

(Millions 

of cubic 

feet).

-369 

+ 29 

-130 

-246 

-448 

+ 153 

f541 

+ 464 

+268 

- 71 

- 59 

-438

306

Discharge corrected for storage. 

(Secont-feet).

Mean.

298 

758 

642 

480 

405 

1,310 

2,620 

1,580 

994 

270 

277 

140

814

Per 

square 

mile.

0.823 

2.09 

1.77 

1.33 

1.12 

3.62 

7.24 

4.36 

2.75 

.746 

.765 

.387

2.25

Run-off 

(depth 

in inches 

on 

drainage 

area).

0.95 

2.33 

2.04 

1.53 

1.17 

4.17 

8.08 

5.03 

3.07 

.86 

.88 

.43

30.54

NOTE. The increase (+) or decrease ( ) of water held in storage at Somerset, Vt., during the month has 

been computed by engineers of the Geological Survey from data of storage increase or decrease furnished by 

the company operating the reservoir.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN.

WARE RIVER AT GIBBS CROSSING, MASS.

LOCATION. Between highway and electric-railway bridges at Gibbs Crossing, about 

three-quarters of a mile above mouth of Beaver Brook and 3 miles below Ware, 

Hampshire County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 201 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 20, 1912, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder on the right bank; referred to gage 

datum by a hook gage inside of well; inclined staff gage used for auxiliary 

readings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the electric railway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed rough; subject to aquatic vegetation during summer 

months. Control free from weeds and at ordinary stages well defined at a 

section near the gage; at high stages the control is probably at the dam at Thorndike, 4 miles below the gage.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

5.25 feet at 6 p. m. March 28 (discharge, 2,430 second-feet); a stage of 6.0 feet 

was recorded at 10 a. m. February 27, but the water was held back by an ice jam; 

minimum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 1.45 feet at 4 p. m. September 30 (discharge, 21 second-feet).

1912-1917: Maximum open-water stage recorded, 5.9 feet on March 2, 1914 

(discharge, 2,770 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.20 feet on October 26, 

1914 (discharge, 5 second-feet).

ICE. River usually freezes over, and the stage-discharge relation is seriously affected 

by the ice; the large diurnal fluctuation in flow causes a variable backwater effect.

REGULATION. Flow affected by operation of mills at Ware, which at low stages 

causes a large variation in discharge-on days when the mills are in operation, and 

a low discharge on Sundays and holidays.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except, when affected by 

ice. Rating curve well defined. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory, 

except for short periods as shown in footnote to daily-discharge table. Daily 

discharge ascertained by use of discharge integrator. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Jan. 24

Made by 

-.-..do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

223

382

Date.

Mar. 4

Aug. 13

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2 97

2.05

Discharge.

Sec.~ft. 

451

119

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
90 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2.... ..........

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7.... ........ .

8.... ........ .

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18. .............

19

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24. .............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

100

142

130

134

116

114

54

30

80

90

85

90

90

60

50

100

84

Q«

110

120

Qf|

120

125

115

120

108

100

62

OK

94

90

Nov.

94

100

86

60

82

100

120

120

110

80

Kf|

120

no

102

140

130

80

100

ion

100

100

130

180

OKC

180

160

180

10C

145

Dec.

270

265

205

195

205

180

160

160

120

140

170

91 fi

205

91 fi

180

125

125

120

115

1OK

180

250

OQn

220

320

410

200

99fi

200

180

Jan.

165

195

200

240

qqn

370

350

OAA

300

OAA

450

680

KAfi

435

340

250

220

180

170

190

IOA

110

105

100

79

100

120

90

Feb.

115

120

053

76 ion

125

120

110

110

QK

85

QA

90

100

14/1

130

75

72

180

1QE

10 A

100

76

QA 110"

OOA

1,720

9 fififi

Mar.

1 A4fi

600

con

465

440

370

365

460

710

7Qfl

640

770

7Kn

700

750

830

930

850

710

680

740

780

1,120

1,500

1 400

1,400

2,160

2 160

l'730

1,260

Apr.

1,060

OCA

890

800

750

8CM1

920

920

790

690

610

590

KOA

475

4.QTI

470

440

OQC

AOA

KAA

510

480

415

390

405

qon

415

May.

560

630

485

4oc

630

720

650

600

510

460

430

KAA

500

410

370

245

260

01 K

325

225

390

340

335

94/1

350

KOA

510

490

June.

360

310

360

qnn

305

son

310

420

750

530

415

410

640

600

440

365

310

245

01 A

295

QOE

270

245

260

July.

275

290

9Qfl

225

250

134

120

200

ion

205

200

200

146

184

170

172

1 K/l

148

96

72

130

124

1fi.fi

120

110

64

9Q

no

102

Aug.

80

70

94

68

34

85

91

78

82

80

no

Co

98

97

96

93

112

78

70.

132

QK

88

84

7°.

CO

30

71

78

114

156

142

Sept.

92

70

64

114

114

114

87

35

QQ

100

86

67

. 56

44

20

48

68

68

65

59

50

50

75

61

fiQ

80

75

CA

20

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 17-21, Dec. 30-Jan. 2, Jan. 12-13, and Jan. 20-Feb. 28; 

discharge for these periods determined from study of gage-height graph, discharge measurements, weather 

records, and comparison with similar studies for near-by streams. Discharge estimated June 1 and Sept. 

22-24.

Monthly discharge of Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1917.

[Drainage area, 201 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

June...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

142 

255 

410 

680 

2,060 

2,160 

1,120 

720 

750 

290 

156 

114

2,160

Minimum.

30 

42 

115 

72 

72 

365 

380 

225 

245 

29 

30 

20

20

Mean.

94.7 

117 

196 

252 

242 

918 

619 

445 

397 

159 

86.5 

70.4

300

Per 

square 

mile.

0.471 

.582 

.975 

1.25 

1.20 

4.57 

3.08 

2.21 

1.98 

.791 

.430 

.350

1.49

Run-Off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.54

.65 

1.12 

1.44 

1.25 

5.27 

3.44 

2.55 

2.21 

.91 

.50 

.39

20.27
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 91

SWIFT RIVER AT WEST WARE, MASS.

LOCATION. About 1,000 feet below old wooden dam opposite West Ware station of 

Boston & Albany Railroad, 6 miles downstream from Enfield, Hampshire County, 

and 3 miles below confluence of East and West branches of Swift River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 186 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 15, 1910, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder on left bank, referred to gage datum 

by means of a hook gage inside the well;, an inclined staff gage is used for auxiliary 

readings. Prior to August 25,1912, a chain gage on foot bridge 600 feet upstream 

from the present station.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel and alluvial deposits; some 

aquatic vegetation in channel during summer. Control practically permanent 

after change during high water of April 3, 1916, when part of dam was destroyed; 

at high stages, the control is probably at the dam at Bondsville, 4 miles below

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

7.9 feet some time between March 23 and April 1 (discharge, 1,800 second-feet); 

minimum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 1.87 feet at 8 a. m. August 

9 (discharge, 67 second-feet).

1910-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 9.1 feet on February 26, 1915 (discharge, 

by extension of rating curve, 2,240 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.36 

feet on September 22, 1914 (discharge, 22 second-feet).

ICE. River usually freezes over; stage-discharge relation somewhat affected by ice.

REGULATION. Operation of mills at Enfield, 6 miles above the station, affects distribution of flow at low and medium stages, but has only a slight effect when the mean 

daily discharge exceeds 200 second-feet.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except for a change 

during high water April 3, 1916, caused by the washing out of a portion of an old 

timber dam just above the station. Rating curve fairly well denned below 1,200 

second-feet. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily 

gage height determined by inspecting gage-height graph or, for days of considerable 

fluctuation, by averaging the mean gage heights of 4-hour periods with corrections for ice during the winter. Records December 12, 1916, to March 25, 

1917, only fair; good for remainder of year.

Discharge measurements of Swift River at West Ware, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Jan. 24

Feb. 27

Made by 

H. H. Khaehadoorian. .

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

«3.32

«4. 59

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

222

603

Date.

Mar. 5

Aug. 13

Made by 

M. R. Stackpole ........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

« 4. 05

2 27

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

352

123

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
92 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART 1.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Swift River at West Ware, Mass., for the years ending

Sept. 30, 1916 and 1917.

Day.

1915-16.

2..............

5..............

6..............

8..............

g

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

16..............

17..............

18.. ............

19

20. .............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24.. ............

25. .............

26..............

27. .............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

1916-17. 

1 ..............

2..............

3..............

5.........---..

6..............

7.-.....-..-...

8....-.....--..

9. ............ .

10..............

11..............

12...........---

13..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27. .............

28. .............

29... ...........

30..............

31..............

Oct.

89

96

110

109

110

130

127

154

182

188

156

149

130

121

197

145

141

136

127

136

143

107

136

127

101

109

96

107

100

96

300

310

285

225

198

182

180

162

142

144

155

140

126

126

126

128

120

120

156

164

172

168

162

156

154

140

140

130

Nov.

101

104

101

102

104

100

98

98

84

85

85

86

00

84

110

193

 MO

166

168

194

99^

277

232

184

156

150

145

11^

150

144

148

146

142

158

1 79

186

184

176

154

148

154

174

188

196

192

176

140

142

136

182

250

320

310

270

240

230

Dec.

152 107

128

121

117

115

117

109

1 AQ

98

94

82

1 (\(\

101

112

215

402

550

610

550

447

376

OQQ

595

848

1,100

1,000

812

7QQ

325

QOK

405

360

OOC

o/y\

260

220

220

230

220

190

190

180

18ft

180

220

380

360

350

320

300

250

190

180

180

Jan.

665

C1 0

QQ7

420

OQ/1

OCO

oce

009

QOJ.

314

QOft

292

9QA

9CK

91 (\

91ft

1 C7

475

505

505

742

830

672

180

190

180

9ift

410

460

180

180

200

240

360

420

420

340

280

180

150

180

140

140

150

120

110

130

Feb.

625

565

490

460

OQA

365

Q4 A

01 K

305

290

280

OcfT

255

250

245

935

OQA

91 ft

91 5

OOft

99ft

230

9Qft

OOA

1,100

1 

' 000

1Q(\

120

120

150

120

' 110

Iftft

100

100

110

110

110

120

150

160

180

180

600

830

Mar.

noC

840

690

R^I

625

590

545

460

140

one

410

340

335

OOft

Qftfi

QOA

300

OAA

290

QAA

275

O7A

KOE

785

900

1,000

1,290

720

fiftft

420

340

340

400

520

fifift

530

500

760

560

350

410

500

560

530

500

500

500

500

860

900

920

1,000

1,120

1,260

1,220

1,160

Apr.

1,590

1,770

1,590

1 380

1,200

1,110

970

900

848

SQO,

865

QQC

1 040

1,120

1,110

1 040

QQC

848

725

690

7ftS

770

01 9

795

7oc

638

CfiC

575

1,120

1 AfiA

935

Qftft

850

800

760

720

690

fifift

580

580

530

500

470

440

420

420

410

440

455

470

455

425

395

385

380

380

375

May.

Cfirt

530

515

470

434

416

425

440

^ft

308

232-

245

312

882

830

655

545

470

AA(\

OQA

350

QI 9

295

288

275

375

425

455

455

530

EftA

530

500

455

410

405

390

370

340

310

295

275

255

250

250

290

345

355

350

325

320

410

560

560

June.

OFtc

ooe

238

288

OKA

QOA

OQA

QQQ

QOA

485

500

4.4-ft

OKA

345

425

515

605

70.S

545

074

>Mn

AKK

365

250

500

375

340

300

295

375

330

485

610

610

560

500

470

500

470

440

380

335

295

270

260

245

250

240

225

245

July.

911

192

214

262

325

440

/lOC

288

262

238

238

202

162

1 53

153

1QC

144

190

209

220

345

605

830

812

620

255

245

225

185

170

11^

170

150

180

180

155

170

182

180

168

184

172

160

158

160

144

-144

138

134

122

116

120

104

Aug.

455

9E9

170

158

J98

91 ft

990

9ft9

184

164

157

148 toe

123

106

07

109

144

184

194

204

190

102

98

104

on

82

99

83

83

82

82

126

93

110

102

108

106

106

146

196

154

150

144

128

114

108

110

108

100

99

154

300

Sept.

164

121

112

118

121

115

IftQ

107

110

97

97

97

230

298

308

280

245

170

' 252

oon

308

282

228

275

275

265

, 240

192

150

140

135

114

110

110

:oo

104

102

104

95

95

97

95

96

93

97

93

85

93

93

90

88

92

88

86

NOTE. 1915-16: Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Jan. 7-10, 15-19, and Feb. 4-24; discharge determined from study of gage-height graph, discharge measurements, weather records, and comparison with 

similar studies for nearby streams. Discharge Dec. 31 to Jan. 3 and Feb. 24 to Mar. 29 estimated by comparison of records of flow of nearby streams. Determinations after Apr. 3 revised by means of data 

obtained in 1917; supersede those published in Water-Supply Paper 431.

1916-17: Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dee. 12 to Mar. 25; discharge determined from study of 

gage-height kraph, discharge measurements, and comparison with similar studies for nearby streams. 

Discharge Nov. 25, Mar. 26-31, Apr. 2-6, 8-19, May 7, July 5-15, and Sept. 6-7, estimated by hydrographic comparison with records of flow of nearby streams.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 93

Monthly discharge of Swift River at West Ware, Mass., for the years ending Sept. 30,

1916-17.

[Drainage area, 186 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum. Mean.

Per 

square 

mile.

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on

drainage 

area).

1915-16.

October....................................... 188

November..................................... 277

December..................................... 1,100

January....................................... 830

February...................................... 1,200

March......................................... 1.290

April.......................................... 1,770

May........................................... 882

June........................................... 708

July........................................... 830

August........................................ 455

September.....

The year................................ 1,770

1916-17.

October....................................... 310

November..................................... 320

December..................................... 410

3 anuary....................................... 460

February...................................... 830

March......................................... 1,260

April.......................................... 1,120

May........................................... 560

June........................................... 610

July........................................... 255

August........................................ 300

September..................................... 275

The year................................! 1,260

82

82

210

210

275

575

232

225

131

97

97

82

120 

136 

180 

110 

100 

3*0 

375 

250 

225 

104 

82 

85

82

127

136

340

429

417

535

985

442

408

297

185

185

0.683

.731

1.83

2.31

2.24

2.88

5.30

2.38

2.19

1.60

.995

.995

373 2.01

169

184

270

234

172

645

585

398

379

169

118

121

.909

.989

1.45

1.26

.925

3.47

3.15

2.14

2.04

.909

.634

.651

1.55

0.79

.82

2.11

2.66

2.42

3.32

5.91

2.74

2.44

1.84

1.15

1.11

27.31

1.05

1.10

1.67

1.45

.92

4.00

3.51

2.47

2.28

1.05

.73

.73

20.96

NOTE. Record for 1916 revised by means of data obtained during 1917; supersedes that published in 

Water-Supply Paper 431.
94 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

QTJABOAG RIVER AT WEST BBJMFIELD, MASS.

LOCATION. At two-span highway bridge in Hampden County, near West Brimfield 

station of Boston & Albany Railroad, one-third of a mile above mouth of Blodgett 

Mill Brook.

DRAINAGE AREA. 150 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 23, 1909, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder at downstream end of center pier 

of bridge, referred to gage datum by means of a hook gage inside of well. Vertical 

staff is used for auxiliary readings. Prior to August 19, 1912, a vertical staff on 

upstream side of right abutment of bridge at same datum as present gage.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading near bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Stream bed covered with bowlders, gravel, and alluvial 

deposits. Control shifts at infrequent intervals.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage during year ending September 30, 1916, from water-stage recorder, 4.23 feet at 7.45 a. m. April 3 (discharge, 1 

1,250 second-feet); a stage of 5.05 feet was recorded at 12 noon January 19, but 

the water was held back by an ice jam; minimum stage during year from waterstage recorder, 1.72 feet at 4.30 a. m. September 15 (discharge, 1 26 second-feet).

Maximum open-water stage during year ending September 30, 1917, from 

water-stage recorder, 4.02 feet at 8:15 a. m. March 29 and 8.30 a. m. March 30 

(discharge, 1,100 second-feet); a stage of 4.85 feet was recorded at 8.15 a. m. 

March 13, but the water was held back by an ice jam; minimum stage during year, 

from water-stage recorder, 1.57 feet at 12 noon September 30 (discharge, about 13 

second-feet).

1909-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 4.9 feet on March 1, 1910 (discharge, 

1,660 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.40 feet on September 17 and 18, 

1910 (discharge, 2.5 second-feet).

ICE. River usually freezes over; stage-discharge relation affected by ice. The 

large diurnal fluctuation in flow causes a variable effect from backwater.

REGULATION. Flow affected by operation of power plants at West Warren, 3 miles 

above station, which at low stages causes large variation in discharge on days 

when the mills are in operation and a low discharge on Sundays and holidays.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent since change in March, 

1916, except when affected by ice. Rating curve well defined. Operation of 

the water-stage recorder was satisfactory except for short periods as shown in 

the footnotes to daily-discharge tables. Daily discharge ascertained as follows: 

October 1, 1915, to March 28, 1916, by applying rating table to mean daily gage 

heights determined by planimeter; March 29, -1916, to September 30, 1917, by 

discharge integrator; with corrections for ice during the winter. Records good 

except for periods affected by ice, for which they are fair.

 Discharge measurements of Quaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Dec. 23

Jan. 25

Mar. 3

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

02.37

o3.78

o4.18

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

10,6

219

407

Date.

Aug. 18

Made by 

M. R. Stackpole........

height.

Feet. 

2.67

2.54

Dischasge.

Sec.-ft. 

263

214

« Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

1 Revised determination; supersedes that published in Water-Supply Paper 431.
CONNECTICUT BIVEK BASIN. 95

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Quaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass., for the years 

ending Sept. 30, 1916 and 1917.

Day.

1915-16. 

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

11

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

1916-17. 

1..............

2..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

59

61

56

63

78

94

100

110

110

(SA

118

110

inn

101

105

110

90

inn

110

110

120

ion

110

136

125

113

110

91

77

134

142

120

116

112

on

92

120

91

92

94

96

71

75

112

87

85

94

140

136

126

124

116

114

110

106

80

77

110

90

Nov.

101

96

87

87

98

81

69

87

94

83

69

71

69

46

105

94

89

87

110

154

133

145

125

118

110

130

98

98

125

110

91

95

85

77

90

130

106

104

100

94

79

89

114

100

96

95

96

85

80

114

on

90

inn

160

122

114

142

134

108

140

Dec.

103

98

98

QR

65

105

87

83

67

73

73

60

n

90

110

125

176

210

401

284

250

210

222

238

391

306

455

455

293

168

150

ICO

1*8

148

142

118

134

136

148

109

120

120

115

110

105

100

05

100

105

150

120

990

260

1 SO

170

170

155

Jan.

340

293

270

200

OCA

417

391

365

340

315

340

9Q$

^nfc>

293

176

270

250

230

200

230

250

OQ7

380

401

370

391

417

407

380

OQK

385

140

140

145

150

oon

oon

o en

160

155

9sn

360

320

280

990

210

195

175

160

155

150

150

150

145

140

13rt

Feb.

380

360

350

270

350

325

3-25

230

293

250

250

145

145

210

175

175

145

175

175

175

175

210

797

688

783

774

1OC

125

120

160

160

155

150

130

125

115

110

130

ion

120

145

145

140

130

1OC

120

120

ncn

840

760

Mar.

774

7 lift

749

709

682

661

640

575

483

111

423

407

isn

340

315

293

293

97ft

ocn

9^ft

250

97ft

o en

f)Kf)

280

320

450

570

660

850

1 040

680 cjn

420

oon

o?n

oon

520

640

con

720

460

435

460

500

onn

450

485

650

720

740

790

1,000

990

980

Apr.

1,080

1,100 1 110.

1,120

1,080

1.020 Qin

870

840

7On

780

770

740

780

800

770

740.

670

610

Ain

con

KQ(\

620

610

580

560

550

540

cron

Qflo

Oon

850

7on

7on

790

710

690

670

580

560

cyn

540

490

460

one

OQft

360

350

345 Q/*e

01 n

270

9flft

270

9ftft

9ft c

May.

510

470

455

475

445

420

410

405

365

IVl

325

97 e

285

280

280

270

460

475

440

420

415

400

qoK

375

345

325

onn

290

280

OKA

255

265

290

97 K

355

oee

ocn

350

090

290

01ft

oQft

265

260

245

90 c

220

200

182

186

99 c

225

220

91 ^

220

240

340

QOA

June.

240

225

200

210

210

235

225

230

245

270

310

355

o«n

360

350

335

390

JOn

445

475

455

440

4.1 ^

385

380

395

OCr

290

260

300

285

97R

235

245

240

220

210

250

340

295

280

285

nn

320

Q9ft

305

280

255

220

210

200

235

134

180

July.

225

215

240

225

220

210

200

180

176

188

184

174

172

172

150

152

160 l«;n

142

109

168

144

91ft

210

245

465

620

530

510

490

180

162

 142

128

93

7O

79

92

80

83

102

inn

92

114

134

118

118

114

112

106

114

102

" 92

inn

93

82

74

104

88

Aug.

455

430

395

370

340

W)t

310

325

350

320

310

280

260

240

JjSft

O3Q

210

194

186

190

170

152

176

160

146

144

162

152

156

140

85

91

96

74

77

91

84

80

79

84

75

91

no

86

90

81

120

CM

102

87

85

91

86

66

67

96

77

85

126

174

Sept.

130

110

114

114

138

114

122

93

104

132

104

97

93

110

184

172

178

178

168

164

160

144

146

150

128

120

120

160

130

128

124

138

120

93

96

114

84

83

80

86

64

55

91

70

69

70

63

55

54

»n

70

AO

62

62

43in

NOTE. 1915-16: Stage-disehargerelation affected by iee. Dee. 14-18, 21-23, Dee. 31 to Jan. 4, Jan. 7-12,16- 

21; Feb. 9-25, and Mar. 15-24; discharge determined for these periodsfrom study of gage-height graph, discharge measurements, weather records, and comparison with similar studies for near-by streams. Discharge estimated Oct. 5, 7-9, 12, 13, 16-24, and Dee. 10-13. Records revised after Mar. 25, and supersede those published in Water-Supply Paper 431.

1916-17: Stage-discharge relatiou affected by iee Dec. 14-Mar. 13; discharge determined from study of 

gage-height graph, discharge measurements, weather records, and comparison with similar studies for 

near-by streams.
96 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 191*7, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Quaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass., for the years ending Sept.

30, 1916 and 1917.

[Drainage area, ISO square miles.]

Month.

1915-16. 

October. ......................................

July...........................................

1916-17.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

136 

154 

455 

417 

797 

1,040 

1,140 

510 

475 

620 

455 

184

1,140

142 

160 

260 

360 

840 

1,000 

960 

355 

340 

180 

174 

138

1,000

Minimum.

56 

46 

60 

176 

145 

250 

530 

250 

200 

132 

140 

93

46

71 

77 

95 

130 

110 

320 

260 

182 

134 

72 

66 

30

30

Mean.

101 

99.0 

188 

320 

305 

480 

764 

369 

326 

241 

251 

133

298

106 

104 

141 

199 

184 

580 

501 

273 

255 

107 

91.4 

83.6

2l9

Per 

square 

mile.

0.673 

.660 

1.25 

2.13 

2.03 

3.20 

5.09 

2.46 

2.17 

1.61 

1.67 

.887

1.99

.707 

.693 

.940 

1.33 

1.23 

3.87 

3.34 

1.82 

1.70 

.713 

.609 

.557

1.46

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.78 

.74 

1.44

2.46 

2.19 

3.69 

5.68 

2.84 

2.42 

1.86 

1.92 

.99

27.01

.82 

.77 

1.08 

1.53 

1.28 

4.46 

3.73 

2.10 

1.90 

.82 

.70 

.62

19.81

NOTE. Determinations for 1916 revised by means of data obtained in 1917; supersede those published in 

Water-Supply Paper 431.

WESTFIELD RIVER AT KNIGHTVILLE, MASS.

LOCATION. At single-span steel highway bridge known locally as Pitcher Bridge, in 

Knightville, Hampshire County, 1 mile north of outlet of Norwich Lake, and 

about 3 miles above confluence with Middle Branch of Westfield River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 162 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 26, 1909, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain attached to downstream side of highway bridge; read by J. A. Burr.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel rough, composed of boulders and ledge rock; control practically permanent.

EXTREMES op DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 5.8 feet at 7 a. m. 

March 28 (discharge, 3,030 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.81 foot 

several times in September (discharge, 16 second-feet).

1909-1917: Maximum open-water stage recorded, 8.9 feet on March 27, 1913 

(discharge by extension of rating curve, about 5,100 second-feet); a gage height of 

9.4 feet was recorded at 9.15 a. m. January 22, 1910, but channel was probably 

obstructed by ice at that time; minimum stage recorded, 0.60 foot on August 10, 

1913 (discharge, 4 second-feet).

ICE. Ice usually forms in the river early in the winter and seriously affects the stagedischarge relation.

REGULATION. Flow not seriously affected by regulation.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 97

ACCURACY. The stage-discharge relation has probably remained permanent, except 

during ice periods, although individual discharge measurements have at times 

appeared erratic; the rough and irregular channel causes difficulty in obtaining 

accurate discharge measurements. Rating curve fairly well denned below 2,000 

second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily, except during the winter, 

when it was read once daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily 

gage heights to rating table with corrections for ice during the winter. Records 

good.

Discharge measurements of Westfield River at Knightville, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Dec. 5

Feb. 5

Mar. 2

28

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.17

2 18

a 2. 44

a 2. 40

a 4. 12

5.27

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

238

278

126

99

386

2,590

Date.

May 24

1

Aug. 7

17

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

M. R. Stackpole........

.....do..................

Gage" 

height.

Feet. 

2.64

- Kn

2.57

1.14

1.12

1.02

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

470

*?QS

400

35.2

34.0

28.1

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Westfield River at Knightville, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

5..............

G.. ............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29

30..............

31..............

Oct.

222

125

97

88

82

73

64

66

60

55

54

54

54

54

82

66

60

56

56

238

171

129

92

82

77

80

77

73

70

64

61

Nov.

94

129

104

97

139

182

174

153

143

166

151

134

104

123

174

125

101

114

114

116

116

114

121

1,050

291

185

148

158

169

920

Dec.

730

395

272

238

256

255

207

185

1%

291

158

207

185

156

139

135

135

130

130

120

120

450

330

270

195

165

155

130

130

Jan.

120

195

165

140

110

680

520

270

250

240

220

120

155

290

920

780

640

580

370

220

165

155

130

120

110

100

90

82

82

82

Feb.

140

110

90

88

82

100

90

82

74

74

63

68

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

74

74

60

48

68

60

82

QOA

980

Mar.

640

420

310

240

180

165

180

240

400

270

210

270

500

350

310

270

350

400

210

210

210

350

560

980

2,140

1,690

1,780

2,730

1,050

910

Apr.

1,520

1,690

1,280

1,120

1,120

980

1,120

1,120

845

655

595

568

540

485

512

460

435

595

625

1,120

1,050

980

7SO

625

485

435

485

485

May.

412

595

512

435

460

980

780

715

655

540

460

435

435

345

285

285

248

230

200

200

183

200

655

485

390

265

230

248

1,050

June.

412

390

345

305

265

655

910

1,120

568

460

1,050

1,690

1,360

780

980

540

485

412

345

305

215

200

180

230

265

197

265

230

167

655

July.

200

172

167

138

117

103

92

81

81

89

107

625

215

147

157

162

138

152

305

248

145

115

103

87

73

70

76

68

58

58

56

Aug.

50

47

55

57

50

44

43

37

41

47

43

30

27

31

29

29

30

28

29

27

23

22

20

41

65

39

30

24

26

68

68

Sept.

55

52

47

45

37

30

27

30

37

33

30

27

23

22

22

22

22

22

21

21

19

18

19

18

18

17

17

18

19

21

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 16-Mar. 24; discharge determined from study of 

gage-height graph, discharge measurements, weather records, and comparison with similar study for Westfield River near westfleld.

101860° 20 WSP 451 7
98 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Westfield River at Knightville, Mass., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

[Drainage area, 162 square miles.]

Month.

March ...... ..................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

238 

1,050 

730 

920 

980 

2,730 

1,690 

2,140 

1,690 

625 

68 

55

2,730

Minimum.

54 

94 

120 

82 

48 

165 

390 

183 

167 

56 

20 

17

17

Mean.

86.5 

197 

217 

265 

138 

645 

784 

503 

533 

142 

38.7 

27.0

298

Per 

square 

mile.

0.534 

1.22 

1.34 

1.64 

.852 

3.98 

4.84 

3.10 

3.29 

.877 

.239 

.167

1.84

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.62 

1.36 

1.54 

1.89 

.89 

4.59 

5.40 

3.57 

3.67 

1.01 

.28 

.19

25.01

WESTFIELD RIVER NEAR WESTFIELD, MASS.

LOCATION. At point known locally as Trap Rock Crossing, about 3 miles east of 

Westfield, Hampden County, 1 mile below mouth of Big Brook, and 2 miles 

below mouth of Westfield Little Eiver.

DRAINAGE AREA. 496 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 27, 1914, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder on right bank, referred to gage 

datum by means of a hook gage inside the well; an inclined staff gage is used for 

auxiliary readings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed covered with gravel and alluvial deposits. Riffle of 

bowlders about 200 feet below gage forms control at low and medium stages; at 

high stages control is probably formed by crest of storage dam at Mittineague, 

3 miles below the station.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

14.46 feet at 2.30 a. m. March 28 (discharge by extension of rating curve, about 

13,000 second-feet); minimum stage during year from water-stage recorder, 3.23 

feet at 1 p. m. October 15, 1916, and 2 a. m. September 23 (discharge, 103 secondfeet).

1914-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 17.4 feet on August 4, 1915 (discharge by 

extension of rating curve, about 17,400 gecond-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

3.02 feet on September 24, 1914 (discharge. 46 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation usually affected by ice for short periods during the 

winter.

DIVERSIONS. Water is diverted from Westfield Little River and carried to Springfield for municipal use.

REGULATION. Several power plants above the station cause some diurnal fluctuation 

of flow; the nearest dam is at Westfield.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected 

by ice; slight change about April 1. Rating curves well defined below 7,500 

second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory except for short 

periods as shown in the footnote to the daily-discharge table. Daily discharge 

ascertained by discharge integrator. Records excellent.
CONNECTICUT EIVEE BASIN. 99

Discharge measurements of Westfield River near Westfield, Mass., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Feb. 2

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.44

o4.27

Dis- " 

charge.

Sec.-ft. 

683

435

Date.

14

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.52

3.47

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

172

170

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Westfield River near Westfield, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

!........... .

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7. .............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

485

310

295

290

270

300

192

1&4.

200

225

260

310

250

196

240

455

365

360

225

260

275

220

285

250

245

235

Nov.

270

325

260

265

560

505

380

420

385

320

325

400

325

285

310

370

oort

295

1 940

1,140

620

520

490

500

1,560

Dec.

1.780

1.060

790

710

660

650

600

550

505

630

590

590

610

480

435

370

460

400

420

430

490

1,280

1 14ft

980

1,000

650

630

610

570

460

Jan.

460

560

' 490

500

560

940

1,010

830

660

680

620

1,840

1,340

1,080

860

770

680

C7O

610

640

510

490

500

560

370

480

460

Feb.

460

450

290

400

390

Don

340

320

OQO.

270

260

250

250

220

200

OQfl

1,400

3,930

Mar.

1,320

1,020

830

790

670

600

820

880

780

1,200

950

930

1,050

1,220

840

Qrtn

1,320

3,650

3,800

5,200

4,100

2,400

Apr.

3,700

5,200

3,200

2,850

2,850

2,800

2,700

2,300

1,800

1,600

1,480

1,360

1,320

1,200

1,420

1,520

2,050

1,820

1,260

1,120

1,180

1,220

1,000

980

May.

1,560

1,360

1,400

2,250

2

9firt

1,720

1,420

1,220

1,080

900

800

750

630

640

1,200

1,360

830

720

4,800

1,600

June.

1,200

1,100

1,020

830

1,200

2,500

1,500

1,180

1 980

2,450

2,500

1,660

1,450

1,250

1.000

850

7CA

590

con

770

730

720

590

July.

670

600

530

385

445

360

365

330

315

ooc.

070

640

KAft

380

480

520

630

7ftft

CQrt

480

AK.(\

420

380

295

380

200

215

Aug.

184

205

215

235

178

205

180

154

305

180

140

220

172

158

210

180

186

180

215

230

235

220

192

335

335

Sept.

330

335

215

240

295

210

200

275

185

IftO

162

172

176

178

154

146

ion

136

160

128

134

136

140

152

120

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Feb. 1-26; discharge determined from study of gageheight graph, one discharge measurement, weather records, and comparison with similar study for Westfield River at Knightville. No gage-height record Apr. 6-7, May 28-31, June 1-2, and 17-23; discharge

estimated.
100 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Westfield River near Westfield, Mass., for the year ending /Sept. 30,

1917.

[Drainage area, 496 square miles.]

Month.

July......................

Observed discharge in secondfeet.

Maximum.

620 

1,940 

1,780 

1,840 

3,930 

8,700 

5,200 

4,800 

3,750 

700 

335 

335

8,700

Minimum.

162 

250 

370 

370 

200 

600 

980 

610 

580 

200 

140 

120

120

Mean.

291 

493 

676 

724 

472 

1,830 

1,990 

1,340 

1,320 

446 

211 

184

831

Diversion 

from Westfield Little 

River in 

millions of 

gallons.

397.9 

356.8 

360.9 

373.9 

348.7 

369.2 

354.6 

360.7 

370.8 

385.7 

416.2 

' 381.8

4,477.2

Total discharge in 

second-feet.

Mean.

311 

511 

694 

743 

491 

1,850 

2,010 

1,340 

1,340 

465 

232 

204

850

Per 

square 

mile.

0.627 

1.03 

1.40 

1.50 

.990 

3.73 

4.05 

2.70 

2.70 

.938 

.468 

.411

1.71

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.72 

1.15 

1.61 

1.73 

1.03 

4.30 

4.52 

3.11 

3.01 

1.08 

.54 

.46

23.26

NOTE. The effect of storage in Borden Brook Reservoir not taken into account in computing total 

discharge.

MIDDLE BRANCH OF WESTFIELD RIVER AT GOSS HEIGHTS, MASS.

LOCATION. At highway bridge in Goss Heights, Hampshire County, about 1J miles 

above village of Huntington and half a mile above confluence of Middle and 

North branches of Westfield River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 53 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 14,1910, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Water-stage recorder on upstream side of bridge abutment on right bank, 

referred to gage datum by means of a hook gage inside of well. Inclined staff 

is used for auxiliary readings. Prior to September 8, 1912,a chain gage on upstream side of bridge was used.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from highway bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed covered with coarse gravel and boulders. Control 

somewhat shifting.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

3.82 feet at 6 p. m. April 1 (discharge, 1,330 second-feet); minimum stage during 

year, from water-stage recorder, 0.76 foot at 10 a. m. September 29 (discharge,, 

4.8 second-feet).

1910-1917: Maximum open-water stage recorded, 7.33 feet at 9 p. m. July 8, 

1915 (discharge by extension of rating curve, about 4,500 second-feet); a gage 

height of 7.7 feet was recorded on February 26, 1916, but channel Was obstructed 

by ice at that time; minimum stage recorded, 0.70 foot on October 26-27,1914 (discharge, practically zero).

ICE. River usually frozen over during the greater part of the winterj'ice jams causing 

several feet of backwater occasionally form below the gage.

REGULATION. Flow somewhat affected at times by operation of small power plant 

about 2 miles above station.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 101

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during high water in March, 1917; 

seriously affected by ice from December to March. Rating curve used to March 

24, 1917, well denned below 400 second-feet by discharge measurements and is 

very nearly parallel to preceding curve; above 400 second-feet the new curve 

was extended as a parallel curve; rating curve used March 24 to September 30, 

fairly well defined by discharge measurements up to 1,000 second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorders not entirely satisfactory. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to rating table mean daily gage height determined by inspecting recorder graph, except for periods as noted in footnote to daily discharge 

table. Records fair.

Discharge measurements of Middle Branch of Westfield River at 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

loss Heights, Mass., during

Date.

Dec. 4

4

26 Feb. 3

Mar. 1

28

Made by 

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.24

1.23

a 1.84

12.66

a 2. 54

a 3. 48

3.22

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

62

62

46.0

40.9

27.8

177

927

Date.

Mar. 30

May 23

23

8

17

Made by 

t

Hardin Thweatt .......

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.12

1.78

1.79

.81

.81

.83

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

313

177

181

6.8

6.8

7.2

»- Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. -

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Middle Branch of Westfield River at Gross Heights, Mass., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11.... .........

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

60

35

30

28

25

20

18

17

16

15

15

14

13

12

25

15

14

14

16

64

40

27

24

22

20

25

22

20

18

17

16

Nov.

28

43

35

28

43

62

56

48

43

48

43

34

27

31

43

32

38

28

35

32

31

28

43

380

160

92

90

92

66

380

Dec.

143

110

84

70

82

82

70

58

62

105

52

72

62

58

54

50

46

43

40

37

35

82

220

145

105

62

43

62

46

37

28

Jan.

25

86

78

62

46

250

160

82

62

52

28

26

35

62

380

300

190

130

94

72

62

58

52

62

43

41

28

26

24

35

52

Feb.

40

33

28

27

26

25

22

20

17

16

14

13

12

11

10

10

9.5

9.0

8.5

8.0

8.0

7.5

7.5

10

17

62

385

435

Mar.

175

145

105

72

74

78

82

120

160

130

105

145

190

160

145

'130

160

190

130

82

43

82

160

260

400

435

465

880

400

320

310

Apr.

759

642

428

365

328

314

340

350

270

175

139

142

129

129

120

109

109

162

215

365

332

296

197

142

104

86

101

104

86

93

May.

112

186

123

90

182

260

235

219

182

129

109

101

95

79

66

56

51

47

44

41

37

44

132

104

70

60

60

83

658

256

142

June.

104

98

86

70

61

162

328

296

142

139

346

532

235

252

305

172

139

104

77

61

48

40

34

43

41

30

54

37

33

70

July.

37

35

28

24

21

18

17

17

15

14

19

44

35

25

24

32

33

37

44

54

28

21

17

14

14

12

12

1110

10

9.0

Aug.

8.0

8.0

9.0

10

8.0

7.0

7.0

6.5

7.0

8.5

8.5

8.0

7.5

7.5

7.0

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.0

8.0

7.5

7,5

7.0

7.0

8.5

9.0

7.5

6.5

6.5

9.5

13

Sept.

10

8.5

8.0

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.0

9.0

8.5

8.0

8.0

8.0

7.0

7.0

7.5

6.0

7.0

6.0

5.4

5.7

5.4

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

6.5

6.0

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 15-Mar. 24; discharge determined from study of 

gage-height graph, discharge measurements, weather records, and comparison with similar study for Westfield River at Knightville. Discharge estimated by comparison with Westfield River at Knightville, 

because of no gage-height record Oct. 1-15, 24-31, Nov. 1-9, 20-25, 30, Dec. 5-14; Mar. 26-29, Apr. 7-10. July 

1-2,17, and Aug. 4-7.
102 StTEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Middle Branch of Westfield River at Goss Heights, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 53 square miles.]

Month.

February. ......................... . . . . . .

April........;.................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

64 

380 

220 

380 

435 

880 

759 

658 

532 

54 

13 

10

880

Minimum,

12 

27 

28 

24 

7.5 

43 

86 

37 

30 

9.0 

6.5 

5.4

5.4

Mean.

23.1

71.3 

72.4 

87.2 

45.7 204 ' 

238 

131 

138 

23.6 

7.92 

6.86

87.5

Per 

square 

mile.

0.436 

1.35 

1.37 

1.65 

.862 

3.85 

4.49 

2.47 

2.60 

.445 

.149 

.129

1.65

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.50 

1.51 

1.58 

1.90 

.90 

4.44 

5.01 

2.85 

2.90 

.51 

.17 

.14

22.41

WESTFIELD LITTLE RIVER NEAR WESTFIELD, MASS.

LOCATION. At diversion dam of Springfield waterworks, in town of Russell, Hampden 

County, 3 miles below confluence of Pebble and Borden brooks and about 3 miles 

west of Westfield. Originally (July, 1905, to December, 1909) a short distance 

below Borden Brook, near Gobble Mountain.

DRAINAGE AREA. 43 square miles at original site; 48 square miles at present site.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 13, 1905, to September 30, 1917.

DETERMINATION OP DISCHARGE. At the original site below Borden Brook (used 

1905-1909) the discharge was determined by methods commonly employed at 

current-meter gaging stations. From August, 1906, to September, 1907, a 30-foot 

weir was maintained a short distance below the gage. 1

. Since March 1, 1910, high-water flow determined from continuous records of 

head on concrete diversion dam (crest length, 155.4 feet), for which coefficients 

have been deduced from experiments at Cornell University; low-water flow, 

less than 163 second-feet, determined from continuous record of head on a 12-foot 

sharp-crested weir without end contractions, the crest being 2.55 feet below that 

of the dam. Water diverted to city of Springfield is measured by a 54-inch 

Venturi meter, using continuous record chart. Daily record corrected for storages 

in a reservoir on Borden Brook about 5 miles above station, but owing to the time 

required for water to reach the dam and the natural storage along the stream 

the record as corrected does not represent exactly the natural flow of the stream 

at all times.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum discharge for 24 hours recorded during year, 

880 second-feet, March 27; minimum discharge for 24 hours recorded, 1.2 secondfeet, October 16.

1909-1917: Maximum discharge for 24 hours, 1,490 second-feet, March 28, 1914; 

minimum discharge apparently zero at various times when the water released 

from the reservoir was equal to or greater than the total flow at the diversion dam.

DIVERSIONS. Record of water diverted at station for municipal supply of Springfield 

included in records as published.

COOPERATION. Data collected and compiled under the direction of E. E. Lochridge, 

chief engineer, board of water commissioners, Springfield, Mass.

1 Results obtained by weir and current-meter methods are compared in U. S. Geol. Survey WaterSupply Papers 201, pp. 105-110, and 241, pp. 164-168.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 103

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Westfield Little River near Westfield, Mass., for the

year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

80.4

58.1

34.8

27.3

31 9

19.3

27.6

25.9

10.0

6.6

6.3

10.0

10.4

24.8

19.6

1.2

5.0

8.3

20.4

40.7

101

48.4

46.2

28.7

24.5

19.8

19.1

19.6

18.6

10.5

19 4

Nov.

28.1

29.4

20.4

20.1

79.4

72.0

40.9

48.3

31.0

28.2

35.1

22.6

32.6

22.6

33.0

18.3

20.8

19.0

19.0

18.1

25.3

18.1

97.4

241

109

88.3

57.1

47.0

64.0

171

Dec.

160

109

91.0

64.4

66.0

57.8

51.3

43.5

45.9

54.4

46.3

54.6

51.3

37.0

31.4

35.7

39.4

47.8

'43.9

33.8

33.7

146

154

121

104

80.2

76.2

65.7

47.7

42.7

38.2

Jan.

40.2

43.9

39.7

39.8

50.0

134

119

102

86.5

81.1

61.0

42.6

63.1

479

289

159

118

97.0

87.2

62.4

51.8

50.3

38.0

35.5

35.0

31.4

34.2

33.9

32.8

32.9

30.4

Feb.

37.7

32.3

32.9

42.3

42.5

43.2

41.8

35.1

34.0

36.7

33.4

33.6

34.6

35.2

35.1

35.8

35.9

28,6

26.1

25.9

25.9

23.7

25.6

40.8

32.4

36.6

229

272

Mar.

123

55.5

7S.5

57.4

49.4

40.5

27.7

20.0

13.4

7.9

11.6

15.2

23.5

23.5

27.7

31.5

45.8

57.4

45.3

38.0

40.2

93.8

142

291

281

375

880

639

421

291

174

Apr.

584

651

462

412

3%

371

465

374

290

231

183

190

174

152

149

145

135

158

188

216

242

374

310

199

142

124

125

117

104

99.7

May.

115

163

128

107

199

335

334

267

213

145

126

106

108

88.0

82.9

74.7

51.6

47.0

45.6

42.9

41.6

62.7

204

136

112

86.6

107

134

464

268

158

June.

Ill

112

116

96.3

76.9

92.0

146

128

99.6

96.0

210

321

219

167

172

119

107

82.9

73.3

58.1

39.4

39.6

35.3

31.1

28.4

27.7

48.1

35.7

38.2

56.7

July.

37.7

31.8

- 26.5

21.4

18.0

15.4

15.1

6.3

9.1

15.8

40.8

48.1

28.0

31.0

20.1

19.0

21.7

28.9

34.3

18.9

17.2

13.5

14.7

17.4

20.8

16.5

16.0

11.6

17.2

12.9

11.1

Aug.

15.6

6.9

14.2

12.6

10.4

9.7

13.3

13.4

12.1

22.6

15.0

10.8

12.0

10.4

10.3

10.3

10.6

9.5

9.2

8.4

9.2

8.8

12.6

17.6

10.1

8.3

12.2

11.7

21.5

28.2

24.0

Sept.

19.8

17.7

15.8

15.1

13.3

12.6

12.0

13.1

12.2

13.2

11.8

11.4

10.8

8.8

8.3

10.2

10.5

10.5

10.0

10.1

11.7

10.5

6.4

7.0

6.8

6.6

6.5

7.2

7.3

8.6

Monthly discharge of Westfield Little River near Westfield, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 48 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

July. ..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

101 

241 

160 

479 

272 

880 

651 

464 

321 

48.1 

28.2 

19.8

880

Minimum.

1.2 

18.1 

31.4 

30.4 

23.7 

7.9 

99.7 

41.6 

27.7 

6.3 

6.9 

6.4

1.2

Mean.

26.6 

51.9 

66.9 

83.9 

49.6 

142 

259 

147 

99.4 

21.2 

12.9 

10.9

80.9

Per 

square 

mile.

0.554 

1.08 

1.39 

1.75 

1.03 

2.96 

5.39 

3.06 

2.07 

.442 

.269 

.227

1.69

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.64 

1.20 

1.60 

2.02 

1.07 

3.41 

6.01 

3.53 

2.31 

.51 

.31 

.25

22.86
104 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

BORDEN BROOK NEAR WESTFIELD, MASS.

LOCATION. At outlet of Borden Brook reservoir in town of Granville, 2 miles above 

confluence of Borden and Pebble brooks and about 8 miles west of Westfield.

DRAINAGE AREA. 8 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1, 1910, to. September 30, 1917.

DETERMINATION OP DISCHARGE. Flow determined from a continuous record of the 

head on a 5-foot sharp-crested weir without end contractions. The results are 

then corrected for the apparent gain or loss in stored water in the reservoir but 

no allowance is made for evaporation.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum 24-hour flow recorded during year, 187 secondfeet on March 27; minimum apparent flow, 0.0 second-feet at various times when 

the apparent storage release was equal to or greater than the measured flow at the 

weir.

1910-1917: Maximum 24-hour flow recorded, 294 second-feet on October 21, 

1911; minimum apparent flow, 0.0 second-feet.

COOPERATION. Records furnished by the board of water commissioners of Springfield 

through E. E. Lochridge, chief engineer.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Borden Brook near Westfield, Mass., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6--.-........-.

7..............

8..............

9.............. 

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18.............. 

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23. ............. 

21..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

10.8

10. 8

10.8

. 3.4

3.2

5.8

10.8

10.8

7.5

Nov.

9.3

23.2

10.8

10.8

10.8

10.8

10.8

-------

10.8

51.0 

27.8

27.8

9.3

18.6

19.0

Dec.

9.7

19 7

7.4

6.3

3.3

20.8

15.0 

17.3

15.0

12.7

11.6

6.0

5.9

5.0

Jan.

2.8

2.8

2.6

1.7

17.6

14.5

10.5 

10.5

.2

7.6

30.6

22.3

7.0 

1.4 

7.6

5.8

3.9

2.8 

2.2

.7

1.1

Feb.

1.2

.2 

.2

.1 

.1

.1

.2

.2 

.2

.2

.1

.1

Q 1

24.4

28 9

Mar.

26.2

11.8

12.2

1.2

8.6

5.8

2.8 

1.7

"'3.~2'

5.0

5.0

5.8

6.7

9.7 

12.2

8.1

8.6

19.9

30.1 

62.0

79.7

187

136

89.5

62.0

37.0

Apr.

103

59 4

75.5

73.7

7fl 3

57.7 

65.3

45.3 

42.3

38.6

24.9

28.6

17.2 

25.6

65.9

74.8

54.5

50.2 

47.2

39.2

23.8

17 Q

23.3

22.5

May.

22.5

22.5

22.5

22.5

57.2

57.6

49.8 

33.1

35.5 

18.2

21.1

9.4

17.6

6.6

.1

14.1

35.1 

12.3

17.4

3.0

20.4

44.3

37.9

20.4

24.9

June.

20.4

16.2

14.5

20.4

18.5 

17.3

52.0 

49.5

47.8

44.7

23.1

18.5 

13.4 

17.3

15.0

.4

6.2

5.4 

4.2

3.5

3.1

2.8

3

K

3.5

July.

3.9 

12.9

9.3

"~9."3"

""s.'i"

Aug.

-------

-------

Sept.

------

NOTE. Discharge determined by subtracting from the quantity of water passing over the weir the 

quantity apparently released from the reservoir, or by adding the amount apparently stored in the reservoir, as indicated by elevation of water surface in the reservoir. As no allowance has been made for evaporation and seepage from the reservoir, the results show the natural flow at the outlet of the. reservoir only 

approximately. For days for which discharge is not given, the amount apparently released from storage 

was equal to or greater than the amount passing over the weir.
CONNECTICUT RIVER BASIN. 105

Monthly discharge of Borden Brook near Westfield, Mass., fortheyear ending Sept. SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 8 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July.--...--..-......-.-.-....-......-.-..-.....

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

10.8 

51.0 

24.2 

30.6 

28.9 

187 

103 

63.3 

52.0 

12.9

187

Minimum.

17.2

Mean.

2.38 

8.36 

5.58 

7.21 

2.47 

29.9 

39.8 

23.8 

17.3 

1.31

12.4

Per 

square 

mile.

0.298 

1.04 

.698 

.901 

.309 

3.74 

4.98 

2.98 

2.16 

.164

1.55

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.34 

1.16 

.80 

1.04 

.32 

4.31 

5.56 

3.44 

2.41 

.19

19.57

NOTE. For months for which no minimum is given, see footnote to daily discharge table.

FARMINGTON RIVER NEAR NEW BOSTON, MASS.

LOCATION. At highway bridge a quarter of a mile below Clam River and about 1 

mile south of New Boston, Berskhire County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 92.7 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 27, 1913, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Barrett & Lawrence water-stage recorder on left bank, downstream side of 

bridge, referred to gage datum by a hook gage inside the well. Vertical staff on 

bridge abutment is used for auxiliary readings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from from a cable or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed rocky, covered with boulders. Control practically 

permanent except as affected by removal of rocks in measuring section.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum open-water stage during year, from waterstage recorder, 6.5 feet at 11 p. m. March 27 (discharge, 1,900 second-feet); a 

stage of 7.9 feet was recorded at 4 p. m. January 14, but the water was held back 

by an ice jam; minimum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 2.54 feet 

at 4 a. m. September 6 (discharge, 18 second-feet).

1913-1917: Maximum open-water stage from water-stage recorder, 7.64 feet on 

October 26, 1913 (discharge, by extension of rating curve, about 3,200 second-feet); 

minimum stage from water-stage recorder, 2.22 feet on August 27, 1913 (discharge, 

4.4 second-feet).

ICE. River usually frozen over during greater part of winter; stage-discharge relation 

seriously affected. Ice jams occasionally form below the gage, causing several 

feet of backwater.

REGULATION. Flow affected by storage in Otis reservoir, about 5 miles above New 

Boston, and by operation of a woodworking shop using water power just above 

the station.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent except when affected by 

ice. Rating curve well denned below 1,700 second-feet. Operation of waterstage recorder satisfactory except for short periods as shown in footnote to dailydischarge table. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to rating table mean 

daily gage height determined by inspecting gage height graph, or, for days of 

considerable fluctuation, by averaging the means of 4-hour periods. Winter 

records only fair; those for open-water periods good.

The following discharge measurement was made by H. H. Khachadoorian: 

January 26, 1917: Gage height, 6.14 feet; discharge, 170 second-feet; stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
106 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Farmington River near New Boston, Mass., for the

year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1.... ..........

2..............

3..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17......'........

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

75

62

55

53

52

52

65

141

141

141

141

141

141

141

141

151

151

141

141

197

173

63

100

104

105

1AC

102

QQ

94

98

Nov.

Q<?

102

OS

94

141

162

131

122

122

112

60

48

60

131

141

131

122

122

122

122

122

120

300

269

173

112

QQ

82

254

Dec.

302

197

120

i no

104

Q<?

80

82

88

84

93

87

86

86

76

76

74

68

70

84

1 AC

195

130

105

105

105

105

QQ

90

Jan.

Q8

90

78

78

185

185

140

130

120

300

500

AfiA

240

120

54

64

160

185

140

160

160

105

78

Feb.

105

105

120

140

160

150

140

120

105

90

78

64

60

64

78

64

60

110

Q8

78

64

98

120

50

120

340

400

Mar.

300

160

130

110

98

120

110

130

220

120

98

130

130

130

140

150

130

120

140

170

575

625

CMC

1.310

875

600

480

Apr.

840

980

710

575

525

455

500

415

375

286

238

254

238

224

210

185

238

254

337

395

435

395

320

238

197

1Q7

197

162

May.

197

224

197

162

224

356

375

320

286

238

210

197

185

162

151

151

141

141

108

QQ

91

94

173

173

141

116

116

141

84

269

210

June.

141

131

141

122

102

131

238

238

185

131

162

455

415

269

302

286

224

185

162

110

94

82

71

63

60

63

91

68

81

July.

81

65

63

60

54

49

41

36

36

36

42

70

54

46

50

73

55

04

85

04

75

63

68

94

77

58

49

44

SQ

36

44

Aug.

48

49

50

93

107

131

131

131

151

173

98

131

131

122

120

118

114

104

77

122

122

122

122

131

75

64

102

107

108

122

31

Sept.

2.0

21

22

22

20

19

27

65

107

99

102

102

' 100

102

116

116

114

112

112

110

114

112

112

118

122

122

120

118

87

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dec. 15-Mar. 22; discharge determined from study of 

gage-height graph, one discharge measurement, weather records, and comparison with similar studies for 

nearby streams. Discharge Nov. 22 and 23 estimated by comparison with Housatonic River near Great 

Barrington.

Monthly discharge of Farmington River near New Boston, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

[Discharge area, 92.7 square miles.]

Month.

April. . ........................................

July...........................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

197 

300 

302 

500 

400 

1.310 

980 

375 

455 

94 

173 

122

1,310

Minimum.

41 

48 

68 

54 

50 

98 

162 

84 

60 

36 

31 

19

19

Mean.

110 

130 

110 

162 

119 

293 

359 

185 

164 

59.1 

107 

88.2

157

Per 

square 

mile.

1.19 

1.40 

1.19 

1.75 

1.28 

3.16 

3.87 

2.00 

1.77 

.638 

1.15 

.951

1.69

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.37 

1.56 

1.37 

2.02 

1.33 

3.64 

4.32 

2.31 

1.98 

.74 

1.33 

1.06

23.03
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I. 107

HOUSATONIC RIVER BASIN. 

HOTJSATONIC RIVER NEAR GREAT BARRINGTON, MASS.

LOCATION. At highway bridge about a quarter of a mile northeast of Van Deusenville station of New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad (Berkshire division) 

and 2 miles north of Great Barrington, Berkshire County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 280 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. May 17, 1913, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Inclined staff attached to concrete anchorages on downstream side of left 

abutment of highway bridge; vertical high-water section attached to bridge 

abutment; read by Martin Love.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of highway bridge or by 

wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and gravel; control practically 

permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.9 feet from 8.30 

a. m. March 28 to 8.30 a. m. March 29 (discharge, 4,200 second-feet); minimum 

stage recorded, 0.7 foot at 8 a. in. September 27 (discharge, 13 second-feet).

1913-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 8.0 feet on March 31, 1916 (discharge 

from extension of rating curve, about 5,300 second-feet). Zero flow recorded at 

various times caused by storage of water at dams above.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation occasionally affected by ice for short periods during 

the winter.

REGULATION. Storage above dam of a paper mill about a mile above station causes 

low flow on Sundays and holidays.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent since change during the 

high water of December 1, 1916; affected by ice for a few days in February. 

Rating curve used to November 30, fairly well defined by discharge measurements 

below 1,400 second-feet and by shape of old curve; rating curve used from December 1 to September 30 well defined below 2,000 second-feet. Gage read to 

quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily 

gage height to rating table. Records fair.

Discharge measurements of Housatonic River near Great Barrington, Mass., during the

year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Nov. 12

7

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.28

2.25

2.32

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

96

468

503

Date.

A.-irr Q

9

Made by- Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.84

1.69

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

274

- 210
108 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Housatonic River near Great Barrington, Mass., for the

year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

3..............

4..............

G...... ........

6..............

8--.. .. --------

9....... ......

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

10..............

17.........--.-.

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27.............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

220

260

260

300

190

175

160

132

116

190

150

120

150

116

190

140

130

160

175

205

160

140

160

160

175

175

150

57

122

160

Nov.

205

190

< 190

220

62

112

160

205

300

280

140

190

175

190

280

260

240

220

73

205

220

220

190

240

550

365

240

175

365

850

Dee.

1,270

1,060

485

512

430

540

380

512

485

OOK

'295

600

570

380

190

295

335

335

720

540

430

512

540

380

275

Jan.

335

380

295

335

405

570

458

540

630

660

630

*7O A

1,530

1,100

920

750

458

160

oqo

315

255

OO Q

190

77

358

275

190

Feb.

335

380

315

430

295

315

358

150

135

190

135

160

220

380

160

87

295

205

190

315

122

QOC

1,340

Mar.

1,130

720

570

430

815

600

275

405

570

458

190

720

600

720

512

AQft

1,890

2 9Qft

2.650

4,200

4,100

3,190

2,130

j\pr.

1,810

2,740

2,830

2,380

1,890

1,650

1,650

1,200

1.200

920

920

780

720

690

570

630

600

 600

815

990

990

720

600

C7fi

485

May.

570

458

720

720

690

630

850

815

850

780

600

600

458

458

540

485

358

458

295

155

275

238

358

430

485

380

190

690

750

630

June.

570

512

315

315

380

540

720

990

660

430

690

815

750

660

720

630

485

430

485

380

380

380

275

255

275

295

335

405

458

380

July485

540

380

98

205

220

190

135

255

255

190

205

255

255

255

175

160

295

380

458

295

358

295

275

255

238

145

87

220

190

Aug.

92

160

190

175

63

135

92

87

190

175

83

58

135

175

175

108

160

160

85

85

175

71

81

138

135

71

112

130

140

130

145

Sept.

 175

85

155

138

190

158

190

160

83

132

160

175

175

125

92

69

122

122

105

101

115

75

98

79

130

145

29

205

220

69

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Feb. 10-18; discharge determined from study of gage 

heights, observer's notes, and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Housatonic River near Great Barrington, Mass., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 280 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

March ................. ...

April................... .........

July...........................................

The year. ........ .........

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

300 

850 

1,270 

1,530 

1,340 

4,200 

2,830 

850 

990 

540 

190 

220

4,200

Minimum.

57 

62 

190 

77 

87 

190 

458 

155 

255 

87 

58 

29

29

Mean.

166 

244 

482 

505 

322 

1,160 

1,080 

523 

497 

256 

126 

129

459

Per 

square 

mile.

0.593 

.871 

1.72 

1.80 

1.15 

4.14 

3.86 

1.87 

1.78 

.914 

.450 

.461

1.64

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.68 

.97 

1.98 

2.08 

1.20 

4.77 

4.31 

2.16 

1.99 

1.05 

.52 

.51

22.22
HOUSATONIC RIVER BASIN. 109

HOUSATONIC RIVER AT FALLS VILLAGE, CONN.

LOCATION. About half a mile below power plant of Connecticut Power Co. at Falls 

Village, Litchfield County, 23 miles north of Gaylordsville.

DRAINAGE AREA. 644 square miles (authority, Stone & Webster).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 11, 1912, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Stevens continuous water-stage recorder on left bank; staff and hook gages 

inside the well and vertical staff on river bank 25 feet upstream; chain gage 300 

feet upstream used for auxiliary readings.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading or from cable installed October 18, 

1916, 150 feet above gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Channel deep and fairly uniform in cross-section; one 

channel at all stages. Control not clearly defined except at low stages; probably 

permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

10.40 feet at 10 a. m. March 29 (discharge, 6,000 second-feet); minimum stage, from 

water-stage recorder, 0.28 foot at 6.30 p. m. October 15 (discharge, practically zero). 

1912-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 13.3 feet on March 29, 1914 (discharge, 

8,830 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, zero flow at various times owing to 

storage of water above power plant.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

REGULATION. Low-water flow completely regulated by the power plant at Falls 

Village.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent, except when affected by 

ice. Rating curve for chain gage well defined between 200 and 3,000 secondfeet; above 3,000 second-feet, curve is extended by logarithmic plotting, using 

results of 3 float measurements made between gage heights 12 and 13 feet; rating 

table for gage heights from water-stage recorder derived from chain gage rating 

curve by applying correction for slope between the two gages. Operation of 

water-stage recorder satisfactory. Daily discharge ascertained by use of discharge integrator. Records excellent.

COOPERATION. All discharge measurements and computations prior to March 1,1916, 

furnished by Stone & Webster.

Discharge measurements of Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1017.

Date.

Nov. 14

- 28

Mar. 5

Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.97

1.96

a 2. 13

a5.38

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

404

1,380

299

1,320

Date.

Mar. 29

29

31

Aug. 10

Made by 

Hardin Thweatt. . ......

.....do..................

.....do..................

M. R. Stackpole........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

10.41

10.42

9.02

2.58

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6,020

4,830

626

a Stage discharge relation aflected by ice.
110 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1....... .......

2..............

3..............

4. .............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23. .............

24..............

25. .............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

530

580

540

580

500

445

540

250

315

01 A

350

365

380

125

345

97ft

290

600

285 471;

435

335

430

265

290

Nov.

315

305

400

380

270

405

500

420

370

435

445

94ft

430

360

480

440

360

480

255

3(50

420

360

AAK.

910

1,180

650

730

670

640

890

Dec.

2,050

1,960

1,520

1,320

990

1,060

820

840

850

530

870

770

830

760

670

650

630

580

^Afl

580

840

1,250

1,150

1,200

900

840

570

Jan.

600

630

420

670

940

1,100

890

840

760

1,100

Q4A

1,350

2 f\(\f\

2,200

2

Aflrt

1 700

1 300

1^200

760

880

820

780

7CA

410

620

580

Feb.

660

700

540

180

f;fin

360

490

finn

350

KAft

480

300

420

490

215

OQA

430

400

Aftft

560

320

480

2 Cflfi

Mar.

2,100

1,700

1,300

860

880

880

820

1,150 i nrm

880

1,350

1,400

1,450

1,400

1,400

1,380

1,540

1,740

1,500

1,320

1,280

2,550

3,550

4,100

4,210

4,750

5,800

5,700

4,750

Apr.

4,000

4,050

4,300

4,200

3,750

3,350

3,330

3,150

2,700

2,250

2,000

1,540

1,520

i qnn

1,220

1,340

1,840

1,760

1,580

1,480

1,280

1,200

840

May.

1,300

1,300

1,420

1,320

1,260

2,050

1,880

1,700

1,660

1,560

1,440

1,280

1,200

1,380

1,140

1,020

970

960

325

940

790

620

810

870

830

385

1,020

1,200

1,300

1,480

June.

1,340

960

530

710

830

1,110

1,480

1,600

1,440

1,400

1,560

1,420

1,360

1,200

1,280

1,020

960

790

790

665

210

600

660

770

850

July.

690

920

740

350

680

570

460

220

400

400

385

510

550

295

810

630

720

810

900

990

440

820

550

530

560

425

200

540

385

Aug.

360

415

330

280

70

335

325

345

320

310

270

67

295

305

310

345

345

275

70

325

275

275

255

245

235

40

215

250

330

465

570

Sept.

 500

310

122

305

330

290

290

72

320

330

315

365

265

250

66

255

240

230

215

180

112

60

192

186

188

215

200

172

98

NOTE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice Dee. 17-Mar. 16; discharge determined from study of 

gage-height graph, discharge measurements, and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

[Drainage area, 644 square miles.]

Month.

February. .......... . . .........

July..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

600 

1,180 

2,050 

2,500 

2,500 

5,800 

4,300 

2,050 

1,600 

990 

570 

500

5,800

Minimum.

125 

240 

530 

410 

180 

720 

840 

325 

210 

200 

40 

60

40

Mean.

388 

485 

916 

997 

597 

2,100 

2,140 

1,170 

1,030 

565 

286 

231

911

Per 

square 

mile.

0.602 

.753 

1.42 

1.55 

.927 

3.26 

3.32 

1.82 

1.60 

.877 

.444 

.359

1.41

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.69 

.84 

1.64 

1.79 

.97 

3.76 

3.70 

2.10 

1.78 

1.01 

.51 

.40

19.19
HOUSATONIC RIVER BASIN. Ill

POMPERATTG RIVER AT BENNETTS BRIDGE, CONN.

LOCATION. About one-fifth mile above confluence of the Pomperaug with Housatonic

River, a quarter of a mile north of Bennetts Bridge, New Haven County, and

1 mile east of Sandy Hook railsoad station. '

DRAINAGE AREA. 89.3 square miles (measured on topographic maps). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 30, 1913, to December 15, 1916, when station was discontinued. 

GAGE. Inclined staff in three parts, attached to rock ledge and to tree on right bank;

read by W. H. Ingram.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable at gage or by wading. 

CHANNEL CONTROL. Channel irregular; bed covered with gravel and boulders.

Control is formed by large rocks about 100 feet below the gage, sharply defined. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during,-period, October 1 to

December 15, 1916, 3.0 feet at 7 a. m. November 24 (discharge, 350 second-feet);

minimum stage recorded, 1.00 foot several times in October (discharge, 23'

second-feet). 

1913-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 7.4 feet March 2, 1914 (discharge, 2,520

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.68 foot September 20, 1914 (discharge,

7.7 second-feet). 

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice which forms on control and river below

the gage. 

REGULATION. Operation of power plants at South Britain, 2J miles above the station,

cause a small diurnal fluctuation at low stages. 

ACCURACY. Control has been changed by obstructions at various times in previous

years. Rating curve well defined below 400 second-feet; above that it is parallel

to 1913 and 1914 curves. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily except in winter,

when it was read once a day. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean

daily gage height to rating table. Records good.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pomperaug River at Bennetts Bridge, Conn., for the 

period Oct. 1 to Dec. 15, 1916.

Day,

1.. ..........

3............

4.. ..........

5. ...........

6............

7. ...........

8...... ......

9............

10............

Oct.

61

43

36

32

30

29

28

27

25

25

Nov.

30

on

29

28

32

52

38

34

33

32

Dec.

118

78

57

56

52

47

42

43

70

Day.

11............

12............

13............

14............

15. ...........

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

Oct.

23

23

25

27

30

28

26

24

41

95

Nov.

31

29

29

30

29

29

32

31

28

27

Dec.

52

72

103

67

60

Day.

21............

22............

23............

24........'....

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

Oct.

60

44

38

33

31

30

29

28

28,

28

28

Nov.

29

30

39

258

83

57

47

46

43

78

Dec.

Monthly discharge of Pomperaug River at Bennetts Bridge, Conn., for the period Oct. 1

to Dec. 15, 1916.

[Drainage area, 89.3 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

95 

258 

118

Minimum.

23 

27 

42

Mean.

34.0 

44.8 

65.4

Per 

square 

mile.

0.381 

.502 

.732

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.44 

.56 

.41
112 SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 191*7, PART I.

HUDSON RIVER BASIN.

HUDSON RIVER NEAR INDIAN LAKE, N. Y.

LOCATION. About a mile below mouth of Cedar River, i| miles above mouth of 

Indian River and 6 miles northeast of Indian Lake village, Hamilton County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 418 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 30, 1916, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Gurley printing water, stage recorder on right bank. Inspected by John A. 

Bolton.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading or from cable about 100 yards below

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Solid ledge overlain with coarse gravel; probably permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water stage recorder, 

9.87 feet at 11 a. m. June 12 (discharge, 13,500 second-feet); minimum stage 

from water stage recorder, 1.62 feet from 10 a. m. to 10 p. m. October 13 (discharge 109 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Large diurnal fluctuation due to logging operations during spring 

months. Seasonal distribution of flow.slightly affected by storage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; affected by ice from 

December to April and by backwater from logs June to September. Rating 

curve fairly well denned between 75 and 600 second-feet and well denned between 600 and 6,000 second-feet. Operation of water stage recorder satisfactory. 

Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily .gage height to rating table 

except when fluctuation required mean of hourly discharge. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Hudson River near Indian Lake, N. Y. , during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

27

Feb. 20

Mar. 17

Apr. 14

14

4

4

4

Made by 

E.D. Burchard........

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do............ ...

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.64

o3.01

a 2. 71

a 3. 47

2.98

2.97

5 4ft

3.07

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

280

283

196

270

856

o nfin

3,020

958

Date.

6

6

7

00

8

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

O. W.Hartwell........

.....do..................

J. W. Moulton.........

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.89

4.26

6.19

5.48

4.49

b 4.19

b 3.78

& 1.72

6 1.69

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

821

2,150

4,980

3.730

2,450

1,880

1,440

130

111

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. b Logs on control.
HUDSON RIVER BASIN. 113

Daily discharge, in second-feet', of Hudson River near Indian Lake, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1... ...........

2....... .......

3..............

4.. . .......

6..............

,7.-...-......-.

8..............

9...............

10..............

11..............

12. .............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25. .............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29.... . .....

30..............

31..............

Oct.

356

422

388

295

216

191

175

167

231

1C7

128

112

115

125

139

149

149

157

268

457

630

562

464

377

367

310

266

234

216

203

Nov.

203

229

252

290

305

305

290

280

295

763

932

562

457

810

630

506

383

320

266

342

357

735

1,340

1,490

1,420

810

' 665

1,170

Dec.

1,700

1,640

1,340

1,020

890

1,200

1,290

1,200

1,000

1,060

1,020

932

750

750

750

600

500

480

550

500

550

500

460

500

480

480

440

460

340

Jan.

280

280

280

260

280

340

380

380

340

320

"300

300

280

280

360

440

460

440

440

400

380

380

360

340

320

300

280

280

260

260

260

Feb.

280

280

260

260

280

260

240

220

220

240

240

220

200

200

220

200

200

190

200

220

220

220

240

260

260

280

280

Mar.

260

220

220

200

200

200

190

180

180

180

190

240

260

260

280

260

260

280

260

240

240

260

260

320

420

550

750

1,400

1,700

1,600

1,500

Apr.

1,300

2,600

4,230

4,570

4,400

3,740

3,000

2,280

1,750

1.340

21,290

1,060

975

850

772

735

665

850

1,390

3,280

5,140

5, 910

6,290

4,870

3,720

3,900

2,720

2,160

2,300

2.740

May.

2,430

2,720

3,410

2,560

1,400

2,310

1,580

1,800

1,690

1,680

1,900

1,130

940

1,660

1,320

1,880

1,660

1,300

1,870

1,650

1,850

1,570

2,480

1,650

2,760

1,490

1,170

1,900

1,430

2,640

3,030

June.

1,500

1, 810

2,020

2,030

2,420

2,240

2,610

2,370

2,520

2,320

4,150

11,400

7,900

4,080

3,080

4,230

3.930

2,210

1,520

1,420

1,320

1,670

1,420

1,280

1,460

1,280

950

800

800

1,620

July.

1,880

1,720

1,240

1,030

875

990

765

506

405

373

329

338

379

379

338

310

300

291

277

254

237

232

334

339

416

506

405

291

216

208

181

Aug.

170

166

152

142

133

130

130

123

163

224

177

174-

184

184

184

220

250

296

250

220

192

181

170

174

305

268

204

174

170

192

212

Sept.

237

358

535

535

421

339

329

291

263

250

216

196

174

170

163

159

152

' 146

146

159

321

455

358

300

250

200

174

174

177

212

NOTE. Discharge Oct. 10, 20, 21, Nov. 11, 14, 21, 22, 27, 30, Apr. 19 to June 12, and Sept. 21 is mean of 

24 hourly determinations. Discharge Dec. 14 to Apr. 2 determined, because of ice, from discharge 

measurements, weather records, and study of gage-height graph. Discharge June 13 to Sept. 30 

determined from special rating because of log jam on control.

Monthly discharge of Hudson River near Indian Lake, N. Y'., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 418 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

630 

1,490 

1,700 

460 

280 

1,700 

6,290 

3,410 

11,400 

1,880 

305 

535

11,400

Minimum.

112 

203 

340 

260 

190 

180 

665 

940 

800 

181 

123 

146

112

Mean.

265 

567 

802 

331 

236 

437 

2,690 

1,900 

2,610 

527 

191 

262

900

Per

square 

mile.

0.634 

1.36 

1.92 

.792 

.565 

1.05 

6.45 

4.55 

6.22 

1.26 

.457 

.627

2.15

Run-Off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.73 

1.52 

2.21 

.91 

.59 

1.21 

7.20 

5.25 

6.94 

1.45 

.53 

.70

29.24

101860° 20 WSP 451 8
114 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART I.

HUDSON RIVER AT NORTH CREEK, N. Y.

LOCATION. At two-span steel highway bridge in village of North Creek, Warren 

County, immediately above mouth of North Creek.

DRAINAGE AREA. 804 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 21, 1907, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain at upstream side of left span of the bridge; read by William Alexander.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the upstream side of the highway bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Heavy gravel; fairly permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.6 feet, at noon 

June 12 (discharge about 21,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 2.35 feet, 

at 4.30 p. m. November 21 (discharge, 360 second-feet). Minimum discharge, 

of about 300 second-feet, occurred January 2, when stage-discharge relation was 

affected by ice.

1907-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 12.0 feet, during the evening of March 

27, 1913 (discharge, about 30,000 second-feet); minimum stage, 2.05 feet, at 

7.05 a. m. September 30, 1913 (discharge, 168 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. The numerous lakes and ponds in the basin of the upper Hudson 

have a decided effect on the low water flow, especially the reservoir at Indian 

Lake. Many of the reservoirs are used to make flood waves in the spring in 

connection with log driving.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; affected by ice from 

December to March. Rating curve well defined between 250 and 6,000 secondfeet. Gage read to half tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Open-water records good; 

winter records fair.

Discharge measurements of Hudson River at North Creek, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Jan. G

28

Made by 

E. D. Burchard. .......

Gage 

height.

Feet.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

572

860

Date.

Apr. 13

23

Made by 

E. D. Burchard........

O. W. Hartwell........

.....do.................

J.W.Moulton. ........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.70

4.50

2.74

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,710

3,020

1,720

619
HUDSON RIVER BASIN. 115

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hudson River at North Creek, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1.... ..........

2..............

3..............

4..............

6..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10... ...........

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25.... ..........

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

700

790

940

1,040

890

890

890

890

840

790

790

655

390

390

390

700

790

890

890

790

610

610

530

460

610

74 z,

700

Nov.

790

790

790

890

890

790

700

700

700

1,100

1,420

1,160

890

1,350

1,220

1,100

840

570

446

404

446

700

2 060

2,870

2,210

1,690

1,620

1,620

1,980

Dec.

2,870

2,700

1,690

1 480

1,980

2 flfift

1,620

1,620

1,690

1,550

1,350

100

790

550

420

cnn

650

650

650

600

550

ccn

480

440

420

380

340

OOfl

Jan.

320

300

420

650

sw»

460

480

480

cnn

c;w»

500

550

500

420

1,000

1 000

950

900

850

850

850

900

850

800

700

650

650

650

700

700

Feb.

750

900

1,000

1,000

1 000

1,000

ocn

950

900

900

800

750

750

SVl

850

750

750

800

850

850

850

vsn

700

mn

700

800

850

Mar.

900

950

900

900

900

800

800

800

800

vsn

800

750

750

750

750

800

750

700

700

750

750

850

900

1,000

1,300

1,800

2,600

4,440

4,440

3,420

3,050

Apr.

2,870

5,600

7,400

7,400

6,860

6,340

4,890

3,610

1,690

1,910

1,760

1,480

1,350

1,160

1,160

1,910

1,220

5,840

9,700

10,900

7,680

5,120

5,600

3,050

2,700

5,120

4,660

May.

2,870

4,220

3,610

4,890

3,050

3,610

2,870

2,870

3,050

1,420

1,350

2,870

2,530

4,010

3,610

1,160

1,100

1,040

3,810

1,220

2,370

2,530

3,420

4,440

2,060

1,840

1,690

4,440

5,360

June.

6,600

1,350

2,870

2,700

2,700

2,870

2,700

2,530

3,050

2,370

3,810

16,900

14, 100

9,400

6,860

6,860

7,130

5,600

4,660

3,230

3,420

3,230

2,700

2,370

1,980

3,230

1,840

1,980

1,280

2,140

July.

2,870

2,530

2,700

1,910

1,480

1,420

1,160

840

790

745

790

790

745

655

530

495

570

745

890

790

655

570

570

610

1,100

1,840

940

610

495

460

Aug.

790

790

700

655

610

655

655

890

940

1,220

1,100

990

990

990

990

1,160

1,040

1,160

790

700

700

790

890

990

1,100

990

700

700

790

890

890

Sept.

990

1,040

990

990

890

840

610

460

404

530

530

530

610

655

700

745

890

890

890

890

990

1,220

1,100

1,040

990

890

940

890

890

890

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 16 to Mar. 27 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records, and study of gage-height graph.

Monthly discharge of Hudson River at North Creek, N. Y., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1917.

[Drainage area, 804 square miles.]

Month.

November. ....................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,040 

2,870 

2,870 

1,000 

1,000 

4,440 10,900' 

5,360 

16,900 

2,870 

1,220 

1,220

16,900

Minimum.

460 

404 

320 

300 

700 

700 

1,160 

1,040 

1,280 

460 

610 

404

300

Mean.

757 

1,120 

1,110 

650 

846 

1,310 

4,460 

2,800 

4,420 

1,060 

879 

830

1,680

Per

square 

mile.

0.942 

1.39 

1.38 

.808 

1.05 

1.63 

5.55 

3.48 

5.50 

1.32 

1.09 

1.03

2.09

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.09

1.55 

1.59 

.93 

1.09 

1.88 

6.19 

4.01 

6.14 

1.52 

1.26 

1.15

28.40
116 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 191T, PART I.

HUDSON RIVER AT THtTRMAN, N. Y.

LOCATION. At Delaware & Hudson Railroad bridge near Thurman railroad station, 

Warren County, about half a mile below mouth of Schroon Eiver and 13 miles 

above mouth of Sacandaga River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,550 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 1, 1907, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain at upstream side, near center of left span; read .by S. H. Spencer.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of sand and gravel; fairly permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.45 feet, about 

4 p. m., June 12 (discharge, 24,800 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.08 

feet, about 7 a. m., November 22 (discharge about 480 second-feet).

1907-1917: Maximum stage, 12.5 feet, during late evening, March27,1913, determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge about 46,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.12 feet, at 8.55 a. m. and 6.20 p. m., September 30, 1913 

(discharge about 290 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice. Winter discharge determined 

from records at North Creek and Riverbank.

REGULATION. Discharge is regulated to some extent by the storage reservoirs at 

Indian Lake and Schroon Lake and the mills on the Schroon River.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; affected by ice during 

large part of the period from December^ to March, inclusive. Rating curve well 

defined between 550 and 20,000 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Records good. Estimated discharge during ice period fair.

COOPERATION. Gage heights furnished by the International Paper Co.

Discharge measurements of Hudson River at Thurman, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Date.

Apr. 11

11

May 8

Made by 

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o4.76

4.74

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5,130

5,370

Date.

16

All<r Q

Made by 

E. D. Burehard. .......

.....do.................

J. W. Moulton... ......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.25

3.12

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

10,900

1,650

a Stage-discharge relation affected by logging operations.
HUDSON EIVEE BASIN. 117

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hudson River at Thurman, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4.. .........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8.. .........................

9...........................

10...........................

11.. ........................

12...........................

13. ..........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28....................;......

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Oct.

805

905

1 080

1,380

1,080

1,080

1,020

960

1,020

960

1,020

905

1,220

905

760

720

610

578

680

1,150

1,080

1,380

960

850

720

720

680

610

850

960

Nov.

850

850

960

1,080

960

1,020

1,020

905

805

850

850

1 460

1,460

1,150

1,460

1,220

1 080

805

79ft

578

515

645

2,150

3,460

2,840

2,150

1,740

2,370

Dec.

3,860

3,860

2,720

2,370

2,840

2,840

2,840

2,600

2,600

2,480

2 37ft

2,260

1,740

1,740

1,150

Apr.

9,500

11,400

12,100

12,500

12,100

11,400

10,200

9,140

7,760

6,470

5,870

5,580

5,000

4,420

4,140

3,860

3,590

3,860

4,710

7 760

12,100

14,100 10 7nft

11,700

in 9nft

9,860

7,430

5,870

6,470

5,000

May.

5,290

8,100

6,780

4,140

4,710

5,580

3,860

5,000

4,140

6,780

5,580

5,000

2,720

2,370

4,420

2,720

2,150

3 080

1,840

6,170

1 940

6,470

8,440

3,330

3,200

4,140

5,000

June.

8,100

4,140

4,710

4,560

4,420

5,000

5,290

4,140

4,710

4,140

4,710

22,600

19,800

13,700

11,000

11,000

11,000

8,100

6,780

6,170

5,870

5,000

5,000

5,000

3,590

3,200

2,960

2,600

2,600

3,590

July.

4,140

3,860

4,710

3,330

2,960

2,960

2,960

2,150

2,150

1,940

1,460

1,460

1,460

1,220

1,150

1,080

1,020

1,080

1,150

1,460

1,460

1,300

1,150

960

1,150

1,080

1,740

1,550

1,020

905

850

Aug.

1,150

1,080

1,150

1,020

960

960

960

1,080

1,300

1,740

1,550

1,380

1,380

1,300

1,550

1,640

1,460

1,300

1,300

1,220

960

960

1,150

1,550

1 380

1,380

1,150

960

1,150

1,380

1 300

Sept.

1,380

1,460

1,380

1,300

1,640

1,640

1,460

1,380

960

1,220

1,220

1,220

1,150

1,080

1,150

1,380

1,460

1,300

1,460

1,740

1 640

1,550 i p;p\n

1,380

1 qrjn

1 380

1,150

1,300

NOTE. Mean discharge Dec. 18-31, estimated because of ice, 1,350 second-feet from sum of flow at North 

Creek and Riverbank plus an estimated inflow.

Monthly discharge of Hudson River at Thurman, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 1,550 square miles.]

Month.

March.........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,380 

4, 420 

3,860

14, 100 

8,440 

22,600 

4, 710 

1,740 

1,740

22,600

Minimum.

578 

515

3,590 

1,840 

2,600 

850 

960 

960

515

Mean.

931 

1,380 

1,990 

1,180 

1,240 

1,900 

8,260 

4,510 

6,780 

1,830 

1,250 

1,360

2,710

Per 

square 

mile.

0.601 

.890 

1.28 

.761 

.800 

1.23 

5.32 

2.91 

4.37 

1.18 

.806 

.877

1.75

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.69 

.99 

1.43 

.88 

.83 

1.42 

5.94 

3.34 

4.88 

1.36 

.93 

.98

23.67

NOTE. Mean discharge for January, February, and March estimated, because of ice, from sum of flow at 

North Creek and Eiverbank plus an estimated inflow. No correction has been made in tMs table for
118 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I. 

HUDSON RIVER AT SPIER FALLS, N. Y.

LOCATION. 'Half a mile beiow Spier Falls dam, Saratoga County, and1 11J miles 

below mouth of Sacandaga River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,800 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 7, 1912, to June 30, 1917.

GAGE. Gurley 2-day water stage recorder in brick shelter on the right bank. Recorder inspected by T. F. Malone, chief operator of power plant.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable about 1,000 feet downstream from 

the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of coarse gravel and boulders. Control 

probably permanent.

EXTREMES OK DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water stage recorder, 

12.82 feet, at 8.30 p. m. June 12 (discharge, 38,100 second-feet); minimum stage, 

minus 0.12 feet, at 4 p. m. September 23, observed during current meter measurement (discharge about 5.5 second-feet). "

1912-1917: Maximum stage, from water stage recorder, 18.59 feet, at 12.25 a. m. 

March 28, 1913 (discharge about 89,100 second-feet); minimum stage, September 

23, 1917.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice except for a short time during 

extremely cold periods.

REGULATION. Large diurnal fluctuation in discharge due to operation of the Spier 

Falls power plant. Seasonal now affected by storage at Indian Lake and many 

small lakes and reservoirs in the upper part of the drainage basin.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; affected by ice February 2 to 16. Rating curve well denned for all stages except about 9 feet (discharge 19,900 second-feet), where curve may be 4 per cent or 5 per cent large. 

Operation of the water stage recorder satisfactory throughout the year. Daily discharge ascertained by averaging the results obtained by applying gage heights for 

one-hour intervals to the rating table. Records good.

COOPERATION. Water stage recorder inspected by an employee of the Adirondack 

Electric Power Corporation.

Discharge measurements of Hudson River at Spier Falls, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Feb. 24

Apr. 10

Made by 

E. D. Burchard ..........................................................

.....do....... .............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o2.80

7.77

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,580

14,200

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
HUDSON RIVER BASIN. 119

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hudson River at Spier Falls, N. TT.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14. .............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24. .............

25... .......... .

26..............

27..............

28..............

29. .............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

513

1,470

1,160

1,540

2,120

1,590

1,110

674

1,550

1,320

1,040

958

1,440

1,620

1,080

959

1,190

810

991

1,600

2,570

2,520

3,370

2,750

2,170

1,540

1,600

1,520

1,020

1,570

1,670

Nov.

1,400

1,450

1,460

1,740

1,320

1,950

1,680

1,560

1,910

1,690

2,140

1,480

2,930

1,830

1,920

2,040

2,160

1,550

1,190

1,900

1,220

1,150

848

2,510

6,450

6,690

5,370

5,500

5,140

5,770

Dec.

9,310

9,840

8.890

7,540

6,530

6,490

7,100

6,720

6,020

6,170

6,350

5,700

5,050

4,230

3,090

3,180

1,380

2,460

2,360

'2,440

2,380

2,700

2,970

1,300

2,040

2,540

1,890

1,850

2,390

2,530

1,400

Jan.

1,430

1,700

1,990

1,820

2,550

2,670

1,330

2,950

2,640

2,600

2,660

2,190

1 440

3^450

3,620

4,020

4,030

3,490

2,820

3,550

2,620

2,410

2,530

2,440

1,870

1,510

2,040

1,800

2,140

Feb.

2,350

2,340

1,790

1 840

97 44f>

2,260

2,180

1,950

2,410

2,290

1,260

2,010

1 980

1^550

1,880

2 non

1,850

2

rtfifl

2 non

1,970

I QKfl

1,730

2,080

1,630

1,460

2,420

1 940

2,320

Mar.

2,790

3,070

2,800

2,020

3,280

2,290

2,460

2,490

2,290

2,390

1,330

2,290

2,300

2,460

2,500

9 atn

2,430

1,660

3,970

2,600

2,730

2,880

3,060

2,890

5,340

8,300

12,200

18, 100

18,400

19,000

18,400

Apr.

18,000

22,800

27,800

29,400

28,600

26,200

23,500

20,400

17,600

15,100

12,900

11,600

10,600

9 580

8^860

8,230

7,610

7,940

9,570

14,600

22,700

26, 000

28,300

26,700

23,100

20,000

17,600

15,100

13,800

12,600

May.

12,000

13,200

13,400

13,600

11,900

11,600

11,000

10,900

9,930

9,820

8,770

8,360

7,480

6,680

5,530

6,620

5,180

5,520

4,200

6,380

4,570

4,850

4,000

7,250

6,090

9,480

6,140

5,200

6,290

9,390

11, 100

June.

12,100

7,830

7,670

7,600

7,280

8,450

7,450

7,210

8,300

8,250

9,800

31,900

36,000

30,400

24,400

21,500

20,300

15,200

12,900

10,400

9,320

8,220

7,630

5,810

6,070

6,070

4,940

4,310

4,630

7,670

July.

8,490

8,640

8,330

6,140

5,220

4,420

4,050

3,520

3,720

2,720

2,230

2,630

2,490

2,520

2,420

2,870

2,250

2,000

2,000

2,330

2,000

2,060

2,720

1,900

1,530

1,560

2,080

2,770

1,420

1,490

1,160

Aug.

1,360

1,810

2,260

1,150

506

1,950

1,330

831

1,500

2,240

2,200

1,650

2,240

1,660

1,930

1,980

2,290

1,980

1,260

1,900

1,320

 1,360

1,560

2,220

2,550

1,010

2,620

1,560

1,360

2,000

2,250

Sept.

1,930

906

1,220

2,740

2,060

2,260

2,670

2,500

1,010

1,240

947

1,480

1,500

1,440

1,720

1,050

1,540

1,500

1,500

1,940

1,700

2,360

909

970

1,710

1,490

1,890

1,720

1,320

1,000

NOTE. Daily discharge Feb. 2-16, computed, because of ice, by comparison with the discharge determined 

from power house records at the Spier Falls plant. Discharge Sept. 8 estimated.

Monthly discharge of Hudson River at Spier Falls, N. Y., for the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

[Drainage area, 2,800 square miles.]

Month.

Oetober .......................................

July...........................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,370 

5,770 

9,840 

4,050 

2,440 

19,000 

29,400 

13,600 

36,000 

8,640 

2,620 

2,740

36,000

Minimum.

513 

848 

1,300 

1,330 

1,260 

1,330 

7,610 

4,000 

4,310 

1,160 

506 

906

506

Mean.

1,520 

2,530 

4,350 

2,540 

2,000 

5,210 

17,900 

8,270 

12,000 

3,220 

1,740 

1,610

5,230

Per 

square 

mile.

0.543 

.904 

1.55 

.907 

.714 

1.86 

6.40 

2.95 

4.27 

1.15 

.621 

.575

1.87

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.63 

1.01 

1.79 

1.05 

.74 

2.14 

7.14 

3.40 

4.76 

1.33 

.72 

.64

25.35
120 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

HUDSON RIVER AT MECHANICVILLE, N. Y.

LOCATION. At Duncan dam, of West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co., in Mechanicville, 

Saratoga County, 3,700 feet above mouth of Anthony Kill, 1J miles below mouth 

of Hoosic River, and about 19 miles above mouth of Mohawk River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 4,500 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. 1888 to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Water-stage recorder at the dam; installed in 1910; previous to that date,

COMPUTATIONS OF DISCHARGE. Discharge over spillway determined from a rating 

curve based on coefficients derived by United States Geological Survey for dams 

of ogee section. Discharge through turbines computed from records of their 

operation. Discharge at lock and through Barge Canal turbines at lock computed from records of the number of lockages per day.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum daily discharge during year 36,300 second-feet, 

June 13; minimum daily discharge 899 second-feet, Sunday, September 30.

1888-1917: Maximum discharge recorded, 120,000 second-feet at 6 a. m. March 

28, 1913. 1 The plant is occasionally shut down and the flow of the river stored 

in the pond so that the discharge below the station occasionally becomes practically zero.

COOPERATION. Discharge over the spillway and through turbines of the West Virginia Pulp & Paper Co. furnished by Mr. W. J. Barnes, engineer of the company.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hudson River at Mechanicville, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..'............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,560

1,750

1,680

1,650

1,790

2,500

2,060

1,630

1,550

1,670

1,810

1,810

1,560

1,440

1,330

1,960

2,120

2,060

2,010

2,150

3,990

4,130

3,890

3,520

3,150

2,070

2,200

1,820

2,380

2,060

Nov.

2,230

2,350

2,160

2,210

2,020

2,940

3,400

2,980

2,880

2,630

2,850

2,600

3,140

3,740

3,090

2,920

3,000

3,220

2,580

3,270

3,440

2,830

4,670

7,580

8,770

8,120

7,660

7,380

11,300

Dec.

12,100

13, 100

11,700

10,700

9,860

9,160

9,480

9,560

9,040

9,010

8,360

7,500

6,420

5,220

4,440

4,000

4,030

3,870

3,770

3,380

3,880

5,620

5,490

4,300

5,530

5,320

4,520

3,870

3,310

3,840

Jan.

3,250

3,170

3,570

3,690

3,870

5,120

5,650

4,930

4,780

5,010

4,640

4,360

3,610

4,400

5,680

6,860

7,370

7,380

6,740

5,760

6,000

4,830

4,720

4,090

3,490

3,260

3,000

2,100

2,520

2,730

3,060

Feb.

3,260

2,930

2,120

1,470

1,730

2,080

2,020

2,260

2,120

2,060

1,150

1,850

1,830

1,930

1,900

1,960

1,820

1,270

2,050

2,070

2,080

2,120

9 1V>

1,760

1,220

3,110

16,000

8,640

Mar.

6,820

5,440

5,520

5,070

4,780

5,050

4,520

4,120

4,750

4,640

5,700

6,570

8,050

6,570

6,090

7,310

8,710

9,040

5,950

7,140

5,680

7,390

9,230

24,900

17,200

18,000

22,800

31,800

28,200

26,600

24,600

Apr.

26,000

30,300

34,900

35,500

34,200

32, 400

29,900

26,300

23,300

18,200

15,500

14,200

13,100

11,800

11,700

10,800

9,640

9,350

11,200

16,000

23,700

28,500

30,300

28,900

24,900

22, 100

19,500

16,600

15,300

14,400

May.

13,800

14,200

15,000

14,600

14,900

14,200

13,900

12,400

12,500

11, 900

10,800

10,400

10,500

8,760

7,910

7,480

7,860

6,420

6,260

6,120

7,810

5,400

6,810

7,010

9,140

9,650

7,790

10, 100

13, 100

June.

12,900

10,100

9,630

9,990

9,110

9,200

10, 100

10,800

10,300

11,300

13,600

30,100

36,300

33,100

26,900

23,700

22,300

18,900

16,000

13,300

12, 100

10,800

9 7Qfi

9,010

8 7Qfi

6,760

6,350

8,410

July.

10,400

11,900

10,900

8,040

7,960

6,410

5,040

4,630

4,840

4,100

2,380

2,650

3, 690

3,370

2,730

3,340

3,460

3,450

4,120

3,890

2,990

3,370

3,850

2,680

2,170

1,660

1,940

2,180

1,820

2,270

Aug.

1,430

1,570

1,400

2,100

1,310

1,250

1,600

1,290

1,680

1,520

1,790

1,720

1,960

2,540

2,050

2,970

2,150

2,500

1,870

1,800

2,310

1,680

1,520

1,570

2,380

1,780

1 830

2^670

1 940

1,610

2,030

Sept.

2,950

1,610

1,400

2,480

3,380

2,850

2,460

2,470

1,490

1,670

1,570

1,260

1,240

1,480

1,420

963

1,230

1,710

1,600

1,640

1,880

1,370

1,380

1,940

1 980

1,770

1 830

1.710

1,400

899

i Highest known flood prior to this time occurred April, 1869; calculated discharge, 70,000 second-feet. 

See Water-Supply Paper 65, p. 51, and report of United States Board of Engineers on on Deep Waterways, 

pt. 1, pp. 377-388.
HUDSON RIVER BASIN. 121

Monthly discharge of Hudson River at Mechanicville, N". Y., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 4,500 square miles.]

Month.

October. ......................................

April..........................................

July...........................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,140 

11,300 

13,100 

7,380 

16,000 

31,800 

35,500 

15,000 

36,300 

11,900 

2,970 

3,380

36,300

Minimum.

ol,330 

o2,020 

3,310 

o2,100 

 ol,l50 

4,120 

9,350 

5,400 

6,350 

1,660 

1,250 

o899

o899

Mean.

2,240 

4,020 

6,740 

4,500 

2,750 

10,900 

21,300 

10,100 

14,200 

4,360 

1,870 

1,770

7,060

Per 

square 

mile.

0.498 

.893 

1.50 

1.00 

.611 

2.42 

4.73 

2.24 

3.16 

.969 

.416 

.393

1.57

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.57 

1.00 

1.73 

1.15 

.64 

2.79 

5.28 

2.58 

3.53 

1.12 

.48 

.44

21.31

oSunday. 

NOTE. Figures in this table do not include diversion into Champlain canal.

CEDAR RIVER NEAR INDIAN LAKE, N. 7.

LOCATION. At steel highway bridge 2 miles west of Indian Lake village, Hamilton 

County, 8 miles by nver above Bock Biver, 10 miles by river below Wakely dam, 

and about 12 miles above mouth of river.

DRAINAGE AREA. 85 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 15, 1911, to November 30, 1917, when station was discontinued.

GAGE. Chain at downstream side of bridge; read by Chauncy Hill.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel and large boulders; fairly permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 18.7 feet about 

midnight June 11 from watermarks observed by Mr. F. E. Wood (discharge not 

computed); minimum stage, 2.5 feet, October 12, 13, 14, and September 27 (discharge 20 second-feet).

1911-1917: Maximum stage recorded June 11, 1917; maximum discharge recorded, 3,700 second-feet, at 6 p. m., May 17, 1916 (gage height, 12.15 feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.10 feet at 4 p. m., September 27, 1915 (discharge, about 5 

second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Cedar Biver flow is controlled by a lumberman's dam (Wakely dam), 

which is used to make flood waves during the spring for log driving.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation fairly permanent. Bating curve well denned, 

between 15 and 600 second-feet. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice daily. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Becords good except for periods of log-driving operations in the spring.
122 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Discharge measurements of Cedar River near Indian Lake, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 19

20

Mar. 18

Made by 

C.C. Covert............

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.79

3.39

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

40.7

112

67

KK Q

51.9

Date.

May 7

21

9

Made by 

.....do.................

O. W. Hartwell........

.....do.. ...............

J.W.Moulton.. .......

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.60

4.57

4.29

2.75

2.75

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

145

360

262

47.2

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cedar River near Indian Lake, N. Y., for the period 

Oct. 1, 1916, to Nov. 30, 1917.

Day.

1916-17. 

1. ...................................

3....................................

0............................ ........

7....................................

8....................................

9.............. ......................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20. ..................................

21 ....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26................................

27....................................

28. ...................................

29....................................

30r. .................................

31....................................

Day. Oct. Nov.

1917. 

1.............. 38 1,640 11

3.............. 27 538 13

4.............. 33 215 14

6.............. 122 164 16

7.............. 42 164 17

9. ............. 38 226 19

10.............. 28 226 20

Oct.

34

62

ion

68

62

74

74

68

50

24

91

28

97

34

98

Q£

114

86

74

62

62

80

86

74

CO

44

40

Day.

1917.

Nov

5

6

5

f

5

81

63

63

42

47

47

AK

14

13

11

10

10

1 04

1,00

57

47

47

Wl

1,04

7

2

4

?,

?,

4

9,

7

0

4

o

Q

Q

rf)

6

0

4

10

6

0

0

K)

0

8

Q

8

0

Apr

1,04

2,90

2 ifi

1 69

1,60

1,04

84

01

73

60

66

70

16

iq

11

13

20

47

1 64

1 <U

63

01

84

Q9

1,00

84

AK

1 00 '

Oct.

27

44

93

93

86

107

86

fi9

80

155

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

8

0

8

?,

4

0

8

8

0

0

0

8

n

8

0

0

May.

738

810

668

422

226

478

634

810

AKf\

508

478

602

848

226

2,650

K7fl

1 460

1Q4,

1,210

184

1,210

174

237

1,920

344

O44

Nov.

204

155

130

114

100

86

74

130

155

422

June.

332

422

396

422

370

422

450

272

1,550

1,730

810

738

602

478

308

184

422

917

702

296

508

344

296

91 (5

370

COD

Da

191 

21.....

23.....

25.....

26.....

27.....

28.....

29. ....

30.....

31.....

July.

538

478

422

370

320

215

184

80

86

62

80

80

68

62

62

60

52

44

57

62

62

62

80

86

57

42

33

36

34

Q4

y7.

Aug.

30

36

33

34

34

30

27

34

62

68

42

36

27

33

34

27

42

42

36

14

27

28

36

42

36

33

27

42

50

52

40

Oct.

174

130

146

164

226

215

164

344

396

1,460

2,010

Sept.

68

74

62

50

42

50

42

36

42

42

36

42

38

34

34

38

34

34

344n

42

36

30

27

27

24

20

26

27

34

Nov.

184

47

34

62

42

33

27

27

25

25

NOTE. Discharge not determined because of ice, Dec. 1.1916, to Mar. 31,1917. Discharge Nov. 29 and 

30,1917, estimated because of ice.
HUDSON EIVER BASIN. 123

Monthly discharge of Cedar River near Indian Lake, N. Y.,for the period Oct. f, 1916, to

Nov. SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 85 square miles.]

Month.

1916.

1917.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

146 

1,040

2,900 

2,650 

4,250 

538 

68 

74 

2,010 

1,640

Minimum.

21 

42

114 

174

184 

33 

27 

20 

27 

25

Mean.

61.6 

341

959 

665 

622 

129 

37 

39 

217 

214

Per 

square 

mile.

0.725 

4.01

11.28 

8.06 

7.32 

1.51 

.434 

.457 

2.55 

2.52

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.84 

4.47

12.59 

9.29 

8.17 

1.74 

.50 

.51 

2.94 

2.81

NOTE. No correction for storage.

INDIAN LAKE RESERVOIR AT INDIAN LAKE, N. Y.

LOCATION. At masonry storage dam at outlet of Indian Lake, 2 miles south of Indian 

Lake village, Hamilton County, and 7^ miles above mouth of Indian River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 131 square miles, including about 9.3 square miles of water surface 

of Indian Lake at the elevation of crest of spillway (measured on topographic 

maps.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. Records of stage and gate openings from July, 1900, to September 30, 1917.

GAGES. Elevation of water surface in reservoir is determined by chain gage on the 

crest of dam near gate house. Gage installed November 17, 1911, to replace staff 

gage previously maintained at the same point; datum unchanged. Widths of 

sluice gate openings determined by gage scales at sides of gate stems inside gate 

house. Gages read by Lester Savarie.

EXTREMES OP STAGE. Maximum elevation of water surface in reservoir, 37.55 feet 

June 13; minimum elevation, 8.7 feet March 25.

1900-1917: Maximum elevation recorded, 38.8 feet March 28, 1913; Minimum 

stage recorded, 2.0 feet March 9 to 18, 1907, and January 3 to 17, 1910.

REGULATION. At ordinary stages the discharge is completely regulated by the operation of the sluice gates. Water is held in storage until needed to supplement the 

flow of the upper Hudson during the low*water period. This storage capacity of 

about 4.7 billion cubic feet provides for a discharge of approximately 600 secondfeet for a period of 90 days. 

For record of discharge see " Indian River near Indian Lake, N. Y." (p. 126).
124 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1017, PART I. '

Daily gage height, in feet, of Indian Lake reservoir at Indian Lake, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1.. ............

2. .............

3..............

4.. ............

0. .............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

11..............

15..............

10..............

17... ...........

18..............

19..............

20..............

Z\. .............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

17.05

17.0

16.7

16.4

16.1

15.8

15.5

15.2

14.95

14.6

14.35

14.05

13.8

13.65

13.55

13.45

13.35

13.25

13.2

13.5

13.75

14.05

14.25

14.35

14.5

14.6

14.65

14.6

14.45

14.25

14.1

Nov.

13.95

13.8

13.7

13.6

13.5

13.4

13.3

13.2

13.15

13.1

13.05

13.0

12.95

12.9

12.85

12.8

12.75

12.75

12.8

12.9

12.9

12.85

13.0

13.4

13.95

14.2

14.7

14.85

15.55

Dec.

16.3

16.7

17.05

17.25

17.5

17 9

18.15

18.4

18.85

18.95

19.05

1Q 9

19.3

19.4

19.45

1Q ^

19.65

19.75

1Q fi

19.5

19 4

in Q

19.2

19.1

19 0

18 9

18.8

18.75

1ft 7

18.65

18.6

Jan.

18.55

18.5

18.4

18.2

18.15

18.3

18.4

18.6

18.5

18.45

18.4

18.35

18.1

18.0

17 ft*1!

17.7

17.55

17.4

17.35

17.3

n

o

17.35

17.4

17.55

17.5

17.65

17.6

1 7 7*

17.75

17.7

Feb.

17.4

17.3

17.2

17.1

17.0

16 9

16.8

16.7

1ft 7*

16.65

16.6

16.5

16.35

Ifi 9

16.0

15.6

1 K A

15.2

15.0

14 9

14.6

14.2

 too

.......

Mar.

13.4

13.2

13.0

12.7

12.5

12.3

12.1

11.9

11.5

11.3

11.1

10.9

10.7

10.3

10.1

9 9

9.7

9.5

Q ^

9 1

8.9

8.7

8 9

Q 9

9 4

9.6

9 9

10.1

Apr.

10.3

11.0

12.0

13.0

13.7

14.35

14.75

15.05

15.4

15.7

15.9

16.05

16.2

16.35

16.5

16.7

16.85

17.1

17.5

18.65

20.0

21.45

22.65

23.5

24.25

24.85

25.35

25.7

26.15

26.6

May.

27.2

27.8

28.3

28.75

29.0

29.3

29.6

29.9

30.2

30.55

30.8

31.1

31.3

31.6

31.9

32.2

32.4

32.55

32.8

33.0 .

33.2

33.5

33.7

33.9

34.15

34.3

34.4

34.45

34.6

34.9

35.05

June.

35.1

35.15

35.2

35.2

34.8

34.55

34.5

34.65

34.7

34.8

35.4

37.4

37.55

37.2

36.65

36.3

36.00

35.6

35.2

34.85

34.4

34.3

33.9

33.85

33.8

33.8

33.8

33.6

33.9

34.35

July.

34.5

34.55

34.5

34.4

34.3

34.2

34.1

34.05

34.0

33.95

33.9

33.9

33.9

33.85

33.85

33.75

33.7

33.55

33.35

33.15

33.1

33.1

33.05

33.05

33.0

33.0

32.95

32.9

32.85

32.85

32.6

Aug.

32.35

32.1

31.9

31.7

31.45

31.2

30.9

30.6

30.4

30.2

29.9

29.6

29.2

28.9

28.55

28.3

28.15

28.0

27 9

27.75

27.55

27.3

27.0

26.7

26.4

26.3

26.15

25.8

25.6

25.35

25.1

Sept.

24.9

24.85

24.75

24.65

24 55

24.5

24.6

24.6

24.5

24.3

24.1

23.9

23.7

23.45

23 2

22.85

22.5

22.15

21.8

21.5

21.15

20.8

20.5

20.15

19.8

19.45

19.15

18.85

18.55

18.25

Gate openings, in inches, at Indian Lake reservoir at Indian Lake, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Dates (inclusive).

Sluice 

gate A 

open.

Sluice 

gate B 

open.

Oct. 1,12 a. m., to Oct. 19, 5 p. m. ................................*..................

Oct. 2, 5 p. m., to Oct. 14, 7 a. m....................................................

Oct. 17, 6 p. m., to Oct. 19, 3 p. m...................................................

Oct. 28,1 p. m., to Nov. 6,6p.m...................................................

Nov. 6, 6 p. in., to Nov. 18, 6 p. m...................................................

Nov. 21,1 p. m., to Nov. 23, 6 a. m..................................................

Nov. 23, 6 a. m.,to Nov. 26, 2 p. m..................................................

Dec. 18, 4 p. m., to Jan. 5,11 a. m................ ..............-..-..-.............--

Jan. 2, 6 p. m., to Jan. 4,1p.m.....................................................

Jan. 8, 7 p. m., to Mar. 27, 9 a. m....................................................

Jan. 31, 6 p. m., to Feb. 13, 6 p. m...................................................

Feb. 13, 6 p. m., to Feb. 14, 6 p. m..................................................

Feb. 14, 6 p. m., to Mar. 26, 3 p. m..................................................

June 28, 6 a. m., to 5 p. m...........................................................

July 17, 7 p. m., to July 21,11 a. m..................................................

July 30, 7 p. m., to Sept. 1, 7 p. m...................................................

Aug. 7, 7 a. m., to Aug. 15, 6 p. m...................................................

Aug. 21, 4 p. m., to Aug. 25, 7 p. m..................................................

Aug. 28, 6 a. m., to Sept. 6, 6 p. m...................................................

Sept. 8, 7 p. m., to Sept. 12, 6 a. m..................................................

Sept. 12, 6 a. m., to Sept. 30, 12 p. m................................................

Sept. 15, 5 p. m., to Sept. 30,12 p. m................................................

Inches. 

60

Inches.

60

60

60

60

60

30

60 

"30

30

30

30

24

48

NOTE. Main logway open 15 feet during the following periods: June 5, 5 a. m. to June 6, 9 a. m.; June 14, 

5a.m. to5p. m; June 15, 8a.m. to 3 p. m.; June 19, 8 a. m. tol p. m.; June 20, 8 a. m. to 5. p. m.; June 21, 

4 a. m. to 5.30 p. m.; June 22, 5 a. m. to 11 a. m; June 23, 7 a. m* to 7 p. m.
HUDSON RIVER BASIN. 125 

INtHAN RIVER HEAR INDIAN LAKE, N. Y.

LOCATION. About three-fourths of a mile below dam at outlet of Indian Lake, 

2 miles south of Indian Lake village, Hamilton County, 1 mile above mouth of 

Big Brook, and 6^ miles above mouth of Indian River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 132 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 1, 1912, to June 30, 1914; June 5,1915, to September 30, 

1917; also miscellaneous measurements in 1911.

GAGE. Gurley repeating-hydrograph water-stage recorder; installed August 30, 1916, 

in a standard wooden shelter on the right bank three-fourths mile below dam, at 

same datum as staff gage previously used. The staff gage is still in place and 

used for checking the recorder. Recorder inspected by Lester Savarie.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable or by wading at the head of the rapids 

about 150 feet below the gage.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage, from water-stage recorder, 6.38 feet at 

10.30 a. m., June 19 (discharge 2,410 second-feet); minimum stage, from waterstage recorder, 0.13 foot from 10 a. m. to 2 p. m., November 21 (discharge about 

1.3 second-feet).

1912-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 7.8 feet at 4 p. m. March 28, 1913 (discharge about 3,460 second-feet); practically no flow when gates at Indian Lake 

are closed.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. The gage is at the side of a pool about 500 feet wide, called 

the " lower frog pond." The reef of coarse gravel at the outlet of this pool forms 

the control and is permanent.

ICE. Stage-discharge relation not affected by ice.

REGULATION. Discharge at this station is regulated by the operation of gates at 

the dam. (See Indian Lake Reservoir at Indian Lake, N. Y.)

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent. Rating curve well defined between 

15 and 1,500 second-feet. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily 

gage height to rating table for days when there have been no changes in the sluice 

gate openings at Indian Lake dam. Mean daily gage height determined by 

inspection of the hydrograph record. Discharge for days when gate openings 

are changed is mean of 24 hourly discharge values.

The following discharge measurement was made by O. W. Hartwell: 

June 21, 1917: Gage height 4.76 feet; discharge 1,400 second-feet.
126 SUKFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1917, PAKT I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Indian River near Indian Lake, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3......-------.

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..... .........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

OT

25..............

26. .............

27..............

28..............

29..............

so

31..............

Oct.

220

286

623

623

623

603

603

584

564

545

170

172

168

409

392

7

5

3

2

2

2

2

164

o7c

372

Nov.

VT)

372

372

326

S79

338

211

OlO

217

91 4

214

214

214

214

214

217

217

147

4

2

iw

148

277

OfiQ

07K

225

5

0

Dec.

7

4

4

3

4

4

3

2

2

2

2

2

69

OKQ

259

9^0

259

261

256

9 co

9^*?

O£O

247

244

949

Jan.

242

296

375

149

4

30

9^7

99.7

234

234

232

009

OOfl

230

997

227

224

224

999

222

220

220

220

994

999

999

220

220

Feb.

471

471

471

471

4 HI

4CQ

4 ro

436

436

436 440

C4c

526

526

526

ens

508

489

4RQ

489

471

471

4 Co

Mar.

453

453

453

436

436

436

422

408

394

379

375

071

367

OflO

359

356

QRO

OQ4

328

099

322

9.14

310

oin

269

63

15

8

0

Apr.

4

14

15

8

7

5

4

3

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

4

19

9

7

147

5

3

4

May.

5

7

7

7

8

9

5

4

4

4

4

5

5

6

6

7

8

9

10

10

9

23

267

266

79

108

100

352

295

999

264

June.

281

292

298

286

1,320

691

319

298

316

468

1,100

1,510

1,880

1,800

1,430

1,320

1,180

1,230

1 Qfifl

1.220

796

997

369

240

212

424

212

348

July.

418

453

418

392

363

301

281

250 9V7

227

224

224

217

207

196

252

489

471

4KQ

288

129

133

135

137

1QK

100

182

Aug.

545

526

526

526

508

508

716

810

810

810

788

767

767

746

746

482

415

385

385

448

664

664

664

462

041

547

623

623

Sept.

573

316

313

307

304

252

9

65

284

271

275

389

453

453

535

725

725

704

704

704

684

684

684

684

684

664

664

643

643

fiOQ

Monthly discharge of Indian River near Indian Lake, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. SO,

1917.

[Drainage area, 132 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet.

April.................................................................

May..................................................................

July..................................................................

Maximum.

623

375

261

489

545

453

147

352

1 '564 880

810

725

1,880

Minimum.

2

2

2

4

436

2

4

212

131

341

9

2

Mean.

323

204

110

220

479

01J.

9.60

69.3

274

596

501

321

NOTE. Figures showing monthly discharge in second-feet per square mile and run-off depth in Inches 

are not published for this station on account of the effect of storage in Indian Lake Reservoir, for which 

no correction has been made.
HUDSON RIVER BASIN. 127

SCHROON RIVER AT RIVERBANK, N. Y.

LOCATION. At the steel highway bridge near Riverbank post office, Warren County, 

near Tumblehead Falls, about 9 miles below Schroon Lake and about 9 miles 

above Warrensburg.

DRAINAGE AREA.* 534 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 2, 1907, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain, on upstream side of bridge; read by J. H. Roberts.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the upstream side of bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; occasionally shifting. Logs become lodged on the 

control at times nearly every year.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 6.5 feet from 4 

p. m. April 4 to 4 p. m. April 6 (discharge about 4,630 second-feet); minimum 

stage recorded, 1.31 feet at 4 p. m. October 18 and 19 (discharge, 122 second-feet). 

1907-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 10.7 feet at 5 p. m. March 28, 1913 (discharge about 13,500 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.85 foot at 5 p. m. 

October 17, 1909 (discharge, 28 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Flow affected by storage in Schroon and Brant lakes.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent during year. Affected 

by ice for much of the period from December to March and by logs on the control 

for short periods in April, May, and June. Rating curve fairly well defined 

between 150 and 4,000 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Records good for periods when stage-discharge relation was not affected by ice or 

logs; fairly good for other periods.

Discharge measurements of Schroon River at Riverbank, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917..

Date.

29

12

Made by Gage 

height.

Feet.

o2.60

o2.30

4.91

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

391

450

273

286

2.400

2,270

Date.

May 9

15

Aug. 6

Made by 

.....do. ................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

C.C. Covert............

height.

Feet. 

4.73

3.73

3.75

5.91

5.89

1.72

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,370

1,380

3,680

245

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
128 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Schroon River at Riverbank, N. Y., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

2..............

3. .............

4..............

5....---.-.-...

6..............

7... ...........

9..............

10..............

11..............

13..............

14..............

15. .............

16..............

17..............

18.... ..........

19..............

20..............

22..............

23. .............

24. .............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29........... ..

30..............

31..............

Oct.

232

186

186

172

186

186

172

148

172

169

153

186

150

156

132

158

145

128

201

232

232

248

232

216

216

201

172

201

201

Nov.

201

216

201

216

201

201

201

216

201

201

201

201

186

186

186

201

172

172

201

333

264

281

333

351

Dec.

512

512

512

CQK

585

585

610

635

535

560

585

585

585

550

550

500

500

500

ccn

600

550

Kr\f)

460

500

500

460

420

400

Jan.

380

360

360

420

400

400

380

380

380

360

420

460

440

440

460

500

460

460

420

500

480

460

460

420

420

Feb.

360

360

360

360

360

340

340

320

300

280

300

280

280

300

300

280

300

260

260

260

300

300

Mar.

260

260

260

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

280

260

280

300

320

333

388

585

860

1,370

2,040

Apr.

2,150

2,600

3,210

4,470

4,630

4,200

3,000

2,800

2,200

2 nnn

1,900

1,700

1 300

2 000

2

QAA

3 nnn

3,000

S rifift

2 fiftfl

2,400

1,940

1 ' 840

May.

1,840

1,840

1,840

1,740

1,640

1,550

1,550

1,370

1,370

920

920

920

920

920

800

920

779

662

635

1,100

1,300

1,400

1,300

1,200

1,500

June.

1 Wl

1 400

1,100

1,100

i ftfift

1,200

1,200

2,600

4,020

3,470

2 840

2 040

i ftdfi

1 640

1,370

1,370

1 1^0

990

990

990

990

QQO

July.

990

1,130

Q9A

860

800

388

388

369

369

369

OKI

333

QQO

351

316

316

316

333

316

one

298

316

316

248

264

Aug.

264

248

000

000

248

264

248

OQO

248

264

oo-l

OfM

264

281

281

248

298

Sept.

90S

407

OQO

718

585

512

490

468

468

427

351

369

351

333

316

316

264

258

248

232

232

216

216

NOTE. Discharge, Dec. 17 to Mar. 22, Apr. 7-28, and May 24 to June 12; estimated, because -of ice or 

logs on the control, from discharge measurements, weather records, and study of gage-height graph.

Monthly discharge of Schroon River at Riverbank, N. Y., for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 534 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

248 

388 

635 

500 

400 

2.040 

4,630 

1,840 

4,020 

1,130 

298 

718

4,630

Minimum.

128 

172 

400 

360 

240 

260 

1,300 

635 

990 

248 

201 

216

128

Mean.

185 

331 

533 

428 

310 

489 

2; 690 

1,200 

1,820 

516 

258 

361

749

Per 

square 

mile.

0.346 

.620 

.998 

.802 

.581 

.916 

5.04 

2.25 

3.41 

.966 

.483 

.676

1.40

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.40 

.69 

1.15 

.92 

.60 

1.06 

5.62 

2.59 

3.80 

1.14 

.56 

.75

19.28
HUDSON RIVER BASIN. 129

SACANDAGA RIVER NEAR HOPE, N. Y

LOCATION. About 1J miles below junction of east and west branches, 3J miles above 

Hope post office, Hamilton County, and 12 miles above Northville.

DRAINAGE AREA. 494 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 15, 1911, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Staff in two sections, the lower inclined, the upper vertical; read by Melvin 

Willis.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable about 100 feet below the gage or by 

wading

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Rocky; probably permanent.

EXTREMES op DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 8.35 feet at 6.20 

p. m.\Fune 11 (discharge 15,200 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.49 feet 

at 6 p. m. September 29 (discharge 69 second-feet).

1911-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 10.0 feet at 5.30 p. m. March 27, 1913 

(discharge, 24,800 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.17 feet at 7.55 a. m. 

September 30, 1913 (discharge about 20 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; affected by ice during much of the 

period December to March, inclusive. Rating curve well defined between 60 and 

10,000 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Records good for 

periods when the stage-discharge relation is not affected by ice; fair for other 

periods.

Discharge measurements of Sacandaga River near Hope, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

9

Made by 

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.44

o6.84

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

421

431

951

274

Date.

Mar. 22

7

8

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

"4.75

3.37

3.33

3.81

Discharge,

Sec.-ft.. 

622

1,230

1.190

1,740

<* Stage-discharge relation affected by ice. 

101860° 20 WSP 451 9
130 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sacandaga River near Hope, N. Y. } for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1.... ..........

2..............

3-. .............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21........"......

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

421

335

255

230

91 3

190

1">4

144

135

128

164

158

150

147

190

380

1,680

1,940

865

7fln

Cnft

558

495

443

385

350

Nov.

320

360

432

410

3 540

2

QQA

2 geo

1^810

1,810

Dec.

1,810

1,810

1,680

1,560

1,680

2,080

1 <U.fl

1 Wft

1,560

1,680

1,440

1,160

910

700

600

500

460

420

400

380

400

420

420

420

420

440

440

400

380

340

Jan.

320

300

"300 300

340

400

600

700

700

600

550

Kftft

480

600

950

1,200

QWl

650

CEA

KAn

550

CCA

CCA

K.&A

ccn

480

460

440

440

400

qon

Feb.

360

320

300

300

qoft

340

320

390

280

280

260

240

260

260

Ofift

300

OQfl

9ftft

OQfl

260

240

220

9ftft

QOft

2,200

2,200

Mar.

2,000

1,900

1,800

1,700

1,600

1,300

950

7fifl

600

550

CCft

7en

O Cft

QftO

OCA

800

Qftf)

950

Qftft

750

CCA

600

650

950

2 9ftft

4 400

7' 530

6 640

5' 250

3 QQO

3 17ft

Apr.

3,330

6,930

8,160

6,930

6,070

4,230

3,760

2 930

2^560

2,230

2,080

1,680

1,680

1.440

1 440

2 ADA

1 940

9 180

7*530

6,640

5

7Qft

4,730

3

QQrt

S

QQft

3,760

May.

4,230

4,230

3,760

3,330

2,930

3, 130

2,740

2,390

2,230

t.940

1,810

1,680

1,560

1,330

1,160

910

820

820

780

740

1 WO

1 440

i 3Qfl

1,220

1,110

1 ^ft

1 440 '

June.

1,440

1,680

1,680

1,680

1,560

1,440

1,220

1,560

2,230

10,600

12, 700

6,350

5,790

4,480

2,930

2,230

1,810

1,560

1 440

1,280

1,110

910

910

1,010

910

820

740

1 680

2^560

July.

1,940

1,560

1 280 I'oio

'. 820

660

CQft

558

525

495

495

558

590

KQft

19^

495

i43

390

07ft

340

320 qn-i

264

oee

OEC

230

217

209

205

198

ion

Aug.

190

182

164

141

122

101

91

147

495

,525

465

400

273

. 186

OftO

335

360

255

242

917

198

182

168

221

264

99 e

198

175

182

221

301

Sept.

454

477

qert

287

255

205

175

168

158

154

144 i3<;

198

110

111

104

101

96

94

Q1

89

87

87

85

83

81

79

75

75

154

NOTE. Mean discharge Nov. 5-25, estimated 416 second-feet. Discharge Dec. 15 to Mar. 26, inclusive, 

estimated because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather records, study of gage-height graph, and 

comparison with similar study for the station at Hadley.

*

Monthly discharge of Sacandaga River near Hope, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30. 1917. 

[Drainage area 494 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,940 

3,540

2,080 

1,200 

2,200 

7,530 

9,900 

4,230 

12,700 

1,940 

525 

477

12,700

Minimum.

128

340 

300 

200 

550 

1,440 

740 

820 

190 

91 

75

75

Mean.

429 

764 

929 

544 

421 

1,840 

4,390 

1,890 

2,600 

544 

240 

157

1,230

Per

square 

mile.

0.868 

1.55 

1.88 

1.10 

.852 

3.72 

8.89 

3.83 

5.26 

1.10 

.486 

.318

2.49

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on . 

drainage 

area).

1.00 

1.73 

2.17 

1.27 

.89 

4.29 

9.92 

4.42 

5.87 

1.27 

.56 

.35

33.74
HUDSON EIVER BASIN. 131

SACANDAGA RIVER AT HADLEY, N. Y.

LOCATION. About half a mile west of railroad station at Hadleyy Saratoga County,

1 mile above mouth of river and 4i| miles below site of proposed storage dam at

Conklingville.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,060 square miles (measured on topographic maps). 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. January 1,1911, to September 30,1917. September 13, 1907,

to December 31,1910, at upper bridge station; September 24, 1909, to August 31,

1911, at lower bridge station. 

GAGE. Gurley graph water-stage recorder on the left bank, installed January 6,

1916, replacing a Barrett and Lawrence recorder. Recorder inspected by J. F.

Kelly. 

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from a cable about 30 feet above the gage, or by

wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Very rough but permanent. 

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during j-ear, from water stage

recorder, 8.53 feet from noon until 10 p. m. April 4 (discharge, 12,800 second-feet);

minimum stage, from water stage recorder, 2.58 feet at midnight September 27

(discharge, 169 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice. 

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation permanent; affected by ice during a large part

of period from December to March. Rating curve well denned between 150 and

20,000 second-feet. Operation of water .stage recorder satisfactory throughout

the year. Daily discharge ascertained by applying to the rating table mean

daily gage height determined by inspecting gage-height graph. Records excellent

for periods when the stage-discharge relation was not affected by ice; fairly,good

for other periods.

Discharge measurements of Sacandaga River at Hadley, JV. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Jan. 9

30

Feb. 23

Mar. 20

11

Made by 

E. D. Burchard. .......

E. D. Burchard........

E. D. Burchard.........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

«5.04

«4.25

«3.96

»4.97

6.93

6.37

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,500

891

543

1.460

7,480

.5, 740

Date.

Apr. 16

May 10

14

A i-ior fi

Made by 

E. D. Burchard. . ......

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.49

5. SO

8.38

8.33

2.81

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,640

4,340

12,300

12,100

278

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
132 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sacandaga River at Hadley, N. Y., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7.... ..........

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

587

615

499

430

383

350

307

288

268

263

254

250

250

283

436

499

455

407

407

552

1 360

1^980

1,590

1,280

1,070

938

830

746

675

615

566

Nov.

552

559

615

601

594

645

660

690

698

690

722

722

698

690

714

683

652

675

714

706

637

EDO

1,520

3,580

o O7ft

O ftOfl

2,620

Dec.

4,840

5,080

4,600

3,900

3,270

3,370

3,470

3,180

2,710

2,710

2,800

2.460

1,980

1,380

1,100

900

850

750

700

650

650

650

700

700

700

700

650

600

600

550

550

Jan.

550

550

500

500

500

700

1,100

1,400

1,500

1,300

1,200

1,100

1,000

1,300

1,300

1,700

2,400

2,600

2,300

2,000

1,700

1,500

1 Af\f\

1.300

1,170

1,100

1,100

1,000

I ftftft

850

850

Feb.

seo

800

800

750

750

700

700

700

650

650

600

600

600

600

600

600

600

600

KK(\

550

win

550 EnA

450

650

700

1 ' 800

Mar.

3,600

4,000

3,600

3,400

3,600

3,400

3,000

2,200

1,800

1,500

1,300

1,200

1,500

1,900

1,900

1,800

1,700

1,700

1,600

1,400

1,300

1,200

1,700

2,800

4,000

5,500

8 7HO

9,710

Apr.

9,030

8,700

10,800

12,600

12,200

11,100

9,710

8,700

7,430

6,410

5,600

5,080

4,700

4,340

3,990

3,660

3,350

3,660

4,460

6,000

8,370

10,800

11,900

11,900

10,800

9,370

6 980 e!i40

5,600

May.

5,340

5,470

5,730

5,600

5,340

5,340

5,210

5,080

4,820

4,460

4,100

3,770

3,350

3,060

2,690

2,430

2,110

1,950

1,680

1,450

1,370

1,290

1,390

1,950

2,350

2,430

1 880

2' 170

3,770

4,220

June.

3,770

3,350

2,960

2,960

2,780

2,350

2,350

2,430

3,250

3,460

4,370

9,030

11. 500

12,200

10,000

8,050

6,550

5,340

4,460

3,56ff

2,960

2,430

1,950

1,800

2,030

1,880

1,700

1 Ann

1,570

3,520

July.

4,100

3,660

3,060

2,430

1,880

1,450

1,220

1,040

882

821

838

956

1,120

1,140

1,040

986

910

847

847

830

770

690

615

559

532

539

AKK

395

366

344

Aug.

323

307

361

366

312

273

250

232

227

312

630

526

424

361

339

350

443

526

486

401

339

307

273

455

608

545

480

412

378

372

424

Sept.

455

499

622

573

486

412

366

350

328

302

278

263

254

227

236

227

214

205

197

184

184

189

189

189

180

176

172

172

172

184

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 15 to Mar. 27, estimated because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records, and study of gage-height graph.

Monthly discharge of Sacandaga River at Hadley, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. SO, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 1,060 square miles.]

Month.

October. .................... ............. . .

November. ..............

December. .................. ......... ... . .

Jamuary ..............

February............... .... ........... . . . March................ . .

April...................... . ..... ...

May...........................................

June................... .. .......

July...........................................

August................. ... . ... . .

September............. ... ....... . . . . .

The year ......... . . ............. . . .

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,980 

3,580 

5,080 

2,600 

1,800 

9,710 

12,600 

5,730 

12,200 

4,100 

630 

622

12,600

Minimum.

250 

519 

550 

500 

450 

1,200 

3,350 

1,290 

1,490 

344 

227 

172

172

Mean.

627 

1,170 

1,860 

1,240 

673 

3,180 

7,710 

3,350 

4,200 

1,150 

388 

283

2,150

Per 

square 

mile.

0.592 

1.10 

1.75 

1.17 

.635 

3.00 

7.27 

3.16 

3.96 

1.08 

.366 

.267

2.03

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.68 

1.23 

2.02 

1.35 

.66 

3.46 

8.11 

3.64 

4.42 

1.24 

.42 

.30

27.53
HUDSON RIVER BASIN. 133

HOOSIC RIVER NEAR EAGLE BRIDGE, N. Y.

LOCATION. Half a mile below Walloomsac River and 1J miles above Owl Kill and 

Eagle Bridge, Rensselaer County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 512 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 13, 1910, to September 30, 1917. September 25, 1903, 

to December 31, 1908, at Buskirk, 4 miles below present station.

GAGE. Inclined staff on left bank near the farm house of James Russell. Prior to 

August 17, 1914, chain gage, 400 feet above present site; gage read by Mrs. Vashti 

Russell, Mrs. Viola Davis, and Mrs. Volney Russell.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable half mile below gage, or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; somewhat shifting.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 9.7 feet at 7.30 

a. m., February 27 (discharge about 8,040 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 

2.68 feet at 6 a. m., September 24 (discharge about 44 second-feet).

1910-1917: Maximum stage not recorded, as gage used prior to August 17, 1914, 

could not be reached at high stages; minimum stage recorded, 6.1 feet at 5. p. m. 

September 14, 1913 (discharge practically zero).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Flow affected by storage on Walloomsac River and at Hoosick Falls 

about 2 miles above gage.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent during year; affected by 

ice during much of period December to March, inclusive. Rating curve well 

defined between 75 and 7,000 second-feet. Gage read to quarter-tenths twice 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to 

rating table. Records good except for periods of low water, when semi-daily gage 

heights may not indicate the true mean) and during periods when the stagedischarge relation is affected by ice; fair for the latter periods.

Discharge measurements of Hoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 9

13

13

13

13

Jan. 12

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

36.

Feet. 

3.22

3.14

3.08

2.99

2.94

a4.25

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

209

144

127

98.6

378

Date.

Feb. 24

Mar. 21

21

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

04.61

04.19

4.30

4.33

4.74

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

678

290

734

760

1,090

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
134 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7....... .......

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18. .............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..... ........

25..............

26..............

27. .............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

395

395

208

208

149

186

149

103

159

180

200

172

325

276

276

244

224

208

498

585

325

395

280

260

240

232

232

165

236

244

Nov.

264

302

216

470

420

525

420

325

OAQ

525

525

370

525

525

420

420

420

348

470

w;

325

325

3,330

1,590

860

860

745

Dec.

3,070

1,290

1,200

1,160

1,290

1,390

1,020

2,340

1,020

1,020

860

780

710

600

600

550

550

550

600

940

2,010

1,490

1,290

1,020

940

860

585

498

Jan.

650

800

600

600

550

1,300

1,100

800

650

500

420

480

800

2,200

1,700

1,400

1,400

1,000

Qftft

Sftft

700

650

550

500

480

420

400

420

650

750

Feb.

600

420

400

340

600

550

AOft

220

360

OQfl

44ft

^fifi

440

500

360

280

320

340

420

OOfi

320

280

1 TQft

7,270

2,460

Mar.

1,390

1,020

780

645

710

445

645

645

1,110

900

860

1,590

1,160

940

980

1,200

1,150

860

fi7R

678

1,200

4,020

2,820

2,700

3,330

6,910

3,600

1,900

Apr.

2,700

4,930

3,880

2,820

2,580

2,230

2,460

1,900

1,390

1,200

1,200

1,110

940

1,390

940

780

1,060

2,580

2 7nn

S

oon

2,700

2,010

1,590

1,390

1,240

1,200

1,060

1,160

May.

1,060

1,160

1,200

940

1,290

1,690

1,390

1,390

1,590

1,490

1,390

1,490

1,290

1,200

1,110

1,020

860

745

710

615

585

645

745

745

645

615

615

820

1,020

820

June.

678

585

745

745

710

780

980

1,900

1,160

1,020

1,160

1,290

1,110

900

1,020

900

780

645

585

525

470

445

370

370

585

445

302

395

325

July.

420

370

395

325

370

280

244

159

244

240

260

256

224

280

240

325

216

244

280

325

9.4A

172

232

204

196

193

172

168

193

168

Aug.

165

J30

216

165

79

116

149

146

136

272

240

127

105

220

165

193

420

302

165

100

172

165

152

146

204

95

172

14Q

182

302

678

Sept.

420

348

325

348

276

232

216

179

111

220

186

182

193

179

149

111

93

146

119

122

149

133

52

73

111

105

95

122

152

81

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 16-21 and Jan. 9 to Feb. 25, estimated because of ice from discharge measurements, weather records and study of gage-height graph.

Monthly discharge of Hoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. T°., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 512 square miles.]

Month.

March .........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

585 

3,330 

3,070 

 2,200 

7,270 

6,910 

4,930 

1,690 

1,900 

420 

678 

420

7,270

Minimum.

103 

216 

498 

400 

220 

445 

780 

585 

302 

159 

79 

73

73

Mean.

256 

670 

1,080 

844 

768 

1,670 

 1,900 

1,020 

746 

252 

194 

174

796

Per 

square 

mile.

0.500 

1.31 

2.11 

1.65 

1.50 

3.26 

3.71 

1.99 

1.46 

.492 

.379 

.340

1.56

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.58 

1.46 

2.43 

1.90 

1.56 

3.76 

v 4.14 

2.29 

1.63 

.57 

.44 

.38

21.12
136 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1£L7, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mohawk River at Vischer Ferry dam, N. T., for the

year entiiny Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2... ...... -----

5..............

6. ........... ..

7. .......... ...

8.-..-.-.-...-.

9.. ............

10..--.......--.

u..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17.. ............

18..............

19..............

on

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

07

28... ...........

29..............

30. ............. 

31..............

Oct.

2,750

1,960

1,320

1,200

1,500

2,090

1,280

1,130

1,440

1,090

955

977

1,120

1,570

919

907

1,170

4,780

5,760

3,780

2,380

2,820

1,790

1,320

1,000 

1,070

Nov.

1,460

1,190

952

1,760

2,420

3,130

3,700

2,590

3,040

3,560

2,400

-.2,230

3,570

3,720

3,720

2 950

3 '390

2,980

3

01 A

3,860

3

0AA

2,670

8,060

14,300

9 740

6,720

5,520

5,840

15,100

Dee.

18,200

12,500

7,330

10,100

11,700

10,600

8,070

8,320

10,300

10 000

7,800

7,030

5,390

5,450

7,030

2 690

3,540

3,860

4,270

4 760

5*480

5,300

4 040

4' 130

4,' 580

4 400

4,220 

4,220

Jan.

3,380

3,380

5,120

5,120

5,930

6,720

7,520

7,120

6,820

6,620

6,120

5,700

7,620

7,020

5,840

4,940

4,580

3,780

3,780

3,780

3,700

3,380

3,140

3,140

2,580

2,980 

4,220

Feb.

4,670

5,120

3,780

3,380

3,380

3,380

3,380

3,380

2,580

2,580

2,580

2,580

2,580

2,580

2

CQA

2,220

1,870

1,870

1,870

1,870

1,870

1,870

1,870

1,870

2,220

16,200

.......

Mar.

14,200

10,100

7,520

6,020

5,120

4,220

4,220

4,220

4,220

4,670

4,670

4,220

11,800

10,600

9,020

8,020

7,520

8,020

6,520

5,570

9,900

20,800

39,200

41 000

47^400

on QAA

22,400 

16,500

Apr.

16,200

30,000

32,400

25,400

21,700

18,200

20,300

17,000

13,600

10,500

8,920

8,520

8,620

8,620

7,420

6,720

5,660

5

QQA

6,610

10,200

17,100

18,700

17,700

14,900

11,600

9,120

8,320

6,670

5,350

5,650

May.

7,670

11,000

11,800

10,400

10,200

16,400

13,500

12,300

10,500

9,570

8>690

8,370

7,540

6,810

5,620

7,090

5,480

5,100

5,270

4,780

4,930

4,910

4,660

4,770

4,890

4

QOA

5,130

15,900 

10,400

June.

6,870

7,310

5,920

5,910

4,360

4,680

4,830

11,800

13, 300 >

12,100

13,600

48,300

36,600

23,800

17,400

11,500

8,380

5,910

6,340

9,740

7,520

5,240

6,880

7,640

6,110

7,880

7,370

7 200

14^900

July.

11,400

8,920

7,140

5,780

4,530

3,510

3,720

3,550

3,430

4,590

5,120

7,570

6,350

4,940

6,790

8,020

4,320

5,330

4,150

3,350

3,280

2,630

2,430

2,080

2,790

2,350

2,180

1,700 

2,120

Aug.

2,260

2,240

1,420

2,030

2,550

1,330

1,430

1,730

1,930

3,380

3,260

1,850

2,020

2,400

2,830

1,980

2,060

2,390

1,660

1,630

1,720

1,620

2,590

6,760

4,230

2,230

2,520 

2,790

Sepjt.

3,480

2,960

2,510

1,730

2,520

2,120

2,310

2,040

1,520

2,050

2,020

2 19ft

2,250

2,220

1,520

2,460

1 600

1,770

2,100

1 °.fift

1,990

1 ^Qft

1,510

1,470

1,660

1,440

1,560

1 490

1^860

NOTE. See "Diversions" in station description.

*

Monthly discharge of Mohawk River at Vischer Ferry dam, N. T*., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 3,400 square miles.]

Month.

October. .......................... ...........

December................... . . . ...........

February. .....................................

April. .........................................

June. ..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,760 

15,100 

18.200 

7,620 

16,200 

47,400 

32,400 

16,400 

48,300 

11,400 

6,760 

3,480

48,300

Minimum.

907 

881 

2,690 

2,580 

1,870 

4,220 

5,350 

4,660 

4,360 

1,700 

1,330 

1,360

881

Mean. -

1,870 

4,270 

6,830 

4,980 

3,260 

13,800 

13,300 

8,160 

11,300 

4,610 

2.500 

1,960

6,420

Per 

square 

mile.

0.550 

1.26 

2.01 

1.46 

.959 

4.06 

3.91 

2.40 

3.32 

1.36 

.735 

.576

1.89

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.63 

1.41 

2.32

1.68 

1.00 

4.68 

4.36 

2.77 

3.70 

1.57 

.85 

.64

25.61
HUDSON RIVER BASIN. ' 135 

MOHAWK RIVER AT VISCHER FERRY DAM, XT. Y.

LOCATION.- At Vischer Ferry dam of Barge Canal (Lock No. 7), 1 mile above Stony 

Creek and Vischer Ferry, 7 miles below Schenectady, Schenectady County, and 

 11 miles above mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,400 square miles (measured on topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. June 24, 1913, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder (showing head on crest of spillway) in the 

southerly corner of the basin near upper end of Barge Canal lock, installed August 

18,1916; staff gage in masonry of outer lock wall, just above upper gates, read March 

30 to May 23, 1914, and March 30 to August 17, 1916. Datum of staff gage 12.1 

feet lower than that of recorder. Gurley water-stage recorder in the northerly 

(out-stream) corner of the basin, used December 17, 1913, to March 29, 1914, and 

May 24,1914, to February 23, 1916. Inclined staff gage at foot of an old bridge 

abutment about 100 feet above Vischer Ferry, read June 24 to December 16,1913, 

and May 24 to June 2, 1914. Water-stage recorder inspected by engineers from 

the Albany office of the United States Geological Survey; staff gage read by lock 

tenders.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading below the dam at low-water during 

1913-14. During the spring of 1915 the Crescent dam (next downstream) was 

closed, making further measurements impossible. No provision for measurements 

at medium and high stages.

CONTROL. The control is the crest of the spillway.

EXTREMES or DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

4.07 feet at 9 a. m. June 12 (discharge, 51,500 second-feetN.; minimum stage, from 

water-stage recorder, 0.32 foot at 9 a. m. September 20 (discharge 800 second-feet). 

1913-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 7.6 feet just before noon March 28, 1914, 

determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge not determined). This stage 

lasted but a few minutes and was caused by the breaking of an ice jam near Schenectady. Minimum stage from water-stage recorder, 0.18 foot from 4 a. m. to 5 

a. m. and 4 p. m. to 6. p. m. October 31, 1914 (discharge about 290 second-feet).

DIVERSIONS. Water was diverted into Erie canal at temporary lock in north end of 

dam prior to December, 1914. Measurements of this diversion were made at 

bridge 48, about a mile downstream, but no allowance for the diversion was made 

in computing the flow.

Barge Canal Lock No. 7, at the south end of dam was put in operation May 15, 

1915. The following tables of discharge include the flow over the spillway, and 

through lock and water wheels.

REGULATION. Flow affected by operation of dams upstream.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Probably not affected 

by ice. Rating curve fairly well defined by discharge measurements between 

350 and 2,500 second-feet; above 2,500 second-feet, based on theoretic coefficients. 

Gage in lock read to tenths twice daily January 29 to March 23; operation of waterstage recorder satisfactory for the remainder of year. Daily discharge ascertained 

from staff gage record by applying mean daily gage height to rating table; daily 

discharge for remainder of year determined by use of discharge integrator. Records 

fair.
138 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch of Delaware River at Fish Eddy, N. Y.,for 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

6..............

7. .............

8..............

9..............

10..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

1 ^

16.....*.......-

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30

31..............

Oct.

300

' 281

262

245

228

228

228

228

228

228

228

228

245

300

300

300

300

245

245

455

1,500

1,160

850

815

780

620

530

480

480

430

430

Nov.

408

480

455

430

590

590

530

480

480

480

480

480

480

480

455

455

455

430

430

430

430

430

455

2,430

1,590

1,410

1,240

1,080

1,080

3,760

Dec.

3,050

2,320

2,000

1,400

1,200

1,000

900

900

1,100

Qftft

800

750

700

600

550

500

480

480

480

650

4,000

2,600

1,700

1,300

1,300

1 9flO

1,000

800

650

Jan.

950

900

800

750

700

800

900

1,000

1,200

1,200

1,100

1,100

1,200

1,600

4,800

2,800

2,400

1,900

1,500

1,300

1,200

1,000

850

800

700

650

fiftft

550

550

500

460

Feb.

440

400

380

380

380

380

440

500

550

550

480

380

380

340

300

340

380

300

220

200

200

140

120

95

95

120

550

9 finn

Mar.

2,400

2,200

1,300

1,000

1,00»

700

700

600

900

1,100

1,000

1,300

3,600

3,600

3,800

3,200

2,800

2,400

2,200

2,000

2,200

2.200

2,000

1,800

3,000

5.000

9,260

18, 100

8,600

9,260

Apr.

5,260

14,000

11,800

8,180

5,260

5,260

5,440

5,260

5,080

4,900

4,730

4,900

3,610

3,320

2,320

1,990

1,790

1,690

2,100

3,610

3,320

3,050

3,050

2,320

2,100

1,890

1,790

1,500

1,320

1,320

May.

1,690

1,500

1,320

1,320

1,320

2,550

2,670

2,670

2,670

2,550

2,320

1,990

1,500

1,590

1,500

1,500

1,160

1,160

1,000

1,080

1,160

1,000

920

850

780

780

850

780

1,160

1,320

1,320

June.

1,500

1,890

1,690

1,590

1,500

1,500

3,610

3,910

4,230

5,440

11,800

9,040

8,390

7,560

6,570

5,260

3,320

2,550

2.320

2,320

2,100

1,990

2,100

2,100

1,790

8,180

6,000

4,070

3,760

3,320

July.

3,320

3,050

2,550

2,210

1,690

1,590

1,500

1,410

1,240

1,500

2,550

3,050

2,550

1,990

2,100

2,100

1,590

1,160

1,040

1,000

1,000

1,000

920

920

920

920

780

680

680

1,160

710

Aug.

590

505

480

408

385

385

385

385

505

1,320

710

590

590

530

505

1,160

1,890

1,160

1,000

815

650

530

480

2,100

2,320

1,590

1,160

1,080

4,070

2,210

1,890

Sept.

1,500

1,320

1,160

1,000

920

745

710

745

710

680

650

650

560

480

480

430

430

Af\Q

300

300

300

262

262

262 too

qnA

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 3 to 22 and Dee. 25 to Mar. 26, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weatherreeords, study of gage height graph, and comparison with similar studies for near-by stations.

Monthly discharge of East Branch of Delaware River at Fish Eddy, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 790 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,500 

3,760 

4,000 

4,800 

2,600 

18,100 

14,000 

2,670 

11,800 

3,320 

4,070 

1,500

18,100

Minimum.

228- 

408 

480 

460 

95 

600 

1,320 

780 

1,500 

680 

385 

262

95

Mean.

432 

780 

1,210 

1,190 

416 

3,360 

4,070 

1,480 

4,050 

1,580 

1,040 

582

Per 

square 

mile.

0.547 

.987 

1.53 

1.51 

.526 

4.25 

5.15 

1.87 

5.13 

2.00 

1.32 

.736

1,690 1 2.14

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.63 

1.10 

1.76 

1.74 

.55 

. 4.90 

5.75 

2.16 

5.72 

2.31 

1.52 

.82

28.96
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I. 137

DELAWARE RIVER BASIN. 

EAST BRANCH OF DELAWARE RIVER AT FISH EDDY, N. Y.

LOCATION. At railway bridge in village of Fish Eddy, Delaware County, about 4 

milea below mouth of Beaver Kill and 5J miles above confluence of East and West 

Branches.

DRAINAGE AREA. 790 square milea (measured on post-route map).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 19, 1912, to September 30, 1917. Records were 

obtained at Hancock, about 4 miles below, from October 14,1902, to December 31, 

1912.

GAGE. Staff, in two sections, on downstream end of left pier of railroad bridge; read 

by J. P. Lyofc*,

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made by wading or from the highway bridge about 200 

feet above the gage.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel; occasionally shifting.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 12.3 feet at 8 a. m. 

March 28 (discharge about 18,100 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.0 feet 

October 5 to 12 (discharge, 228 second-feet); minimum discharge, 95 second-feet, 

February 24 and 25 (stage-discharge relation affected by ice).

1912-1917: Maximum stage, 17.4 feet during the afternoon of March 27, 1913, 

determined by leveling from flood marks (discharge about 33,500 second-feet); 

minimum stage recorded, 1.64 feet at 5 p. m. October 12, 14, 15, 1914 (discharge 

97 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation apparently permanent; affected by ice during 

much of the period from December to March, inclusive. Rating curve well 

defined between 200 and 20,000 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice 

daily October 1 to December 31 and July 1 to September 30; to tenths once daily, 

January 1 to June 30. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage 

height to rating table. Records good except for periods when the stage-discharge 

relation was affected by ice, for which they are fair.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record January 1 to June 30 furnished by United States 

Weather Bureau.

Discharge measurements of East Branch of Delaware River at Fish Eddy, N. Y., during 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

[Made by E. D. Burchard.]

Date.

Dec. 27.... .........................................................................

Jan. 24..............................................................................

Feb. 15. .............................................................................

Mar. W... ...........................................................................

Mar. 28... ...... .....................................................................

28..............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o4.01

o6.06

o5.97

o5.33

11.48

10.63

Discharge.

See.-fl. 

1,300

798

333

860

15,900

13,400

Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
DELAWAKE KIVEK BASIN.

DELAWARE RIVER AT PORT JERVIS, N. Y.

139

LOCATION. At toll bridge at Port Jervis, Orange County, 1 mile above Neversink 

River and 6 miles below Mongaup River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 3,250 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. October 12, -1904, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Staff in two sections; the upper section vertical and attached to downstream 

end of left abutment; the lower section inclined, about 30 feet downstream; read by 

Mrs. Bella Fuller. Prior to June 20, 1914, a chain gage on the bridge was used.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Gravel; occasionally shifting.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.3 feet at 8 a. m. 

March 28 (discharge, 53,400 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.6 feet, 

September 27-30 (discharge 780 second-feet).

1904-1917 :*Maximum stage recorded, 16.0 feet at 8 a. m. March 28, 1914 (discharge, 92,700 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.60 foot at 8 a. m. September 22 and 23, 1908 (discharge, 175 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation somewhat affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; affected by ice during 

large part of January and February. Rating curve well defined between 1,000 

and 30,000 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice daily from October 1 

to December 31 and to tenths once daily, January 1 to September 30. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Records 

good for periods when the stage-discharge relation was not affected by ice and 

fairly good for other periods.

COOPERATION. Gage-height record January 1 to September 30 furnished by United 

States Weather Bureau.

Discharge measurements of Delaware River at Port Jervis, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

[Made by E. D. Burchard.]

Date.

Feb. 16...... .......................................................................

Mar . 11 .............................................................................

30.............................. ...............................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o5.28

7.92

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,490

26,600

' Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
140 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Delaware River at Port Jervis, N. Y.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17...............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

1,720

2,070

1,890

1,890

1,470

1,240

1,720

1,240

1,110

1,110

990

880

935

990

1,110

1,180

1,240

1,110

1,050

4,750

3,650

5,360

4,180

3,400

2,920

2,470

2, 260

2,070

1,980

1,720

1,720

Nov.

1,720

1,720

1,800

1,890

1,890

1,720

1,720

2,070

1,720

1,720

1,800

2,260

2,070

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,800

1,640

1,640

1,550

1,550

1,390

1 °,Qfi

1,550

2,070

3,910

2,690

3,400

3,910

Dec.,

12,100

9,010

6,700

6,010

5,050

5,050

4,460

3,910

3,650

4,180

4,180

3,910

3,400

3,160

3,160

2,690

2,690

2,260

2,920

3,160

4,460

8,200

7,430

5,360

4,750

4,750

3,910

3,650

Jan.

3,650

3,650

3,650

3,910

3,910

6,010

8,200

7,430

6,010

6,010

5,360

4,180

3,400

5,680

36,500

14,600

9,420

6,010

5,000

4 600

4' 200

4 IVm

3,400

3,200

2,800

2,600

2,400

2,200

2,000

1 Qrtfi

Feb.

1 900

3 9nn

4,200

1 900

1,200

1 400

1,700

2^600

1 QAft

2,400

i oflft

i 7nft

1,600

1,600

1,700

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,400

1,200

1,000

1,200

1,100

1.400

1,700

7,500

Mar.

12,000

15,000

4.800

4,600

6,000

4,000

4,000

4,600

4,200

4,600

11,000

26,000

23 900

20^500

15,100

10, 700

9,840

10, 700

9 S4n

14,100

45,200

33,500

07 oftft

53,400

38,900

26,000

OA KflA

Apr.

23,200

24,600

23,900

17,400

14,600

17,400

14,100

13,600

11,200

9,010

8,200

7,810

7,060

6,700

6,010

C OCA

5,050

5,680

7,060

7,430

7,810

6,010

5,360

5,050

5,050

4,460

3 01 n

3,650

May.

4,460

4,180

5,360

5,050

4,750

5,050

5,360

4,460

8,200

7,810

7,430

7,060

6,350

5,050

4,750

4,750

4,460

4,460

3,910

3,650

3,400

3,160

3,160

3,400

2,920

2,920

2,690

3,160

7,430

6,350

June.

5,680

6,010

6,700

6,350

6,010

5,680

7,060

13,600

13,100

10,700

9,420

32,700

25,300

16,800

16,800

13,100

11,200

9,840

9,840

9,010

7,430

8,200

7,060

7,810

7,060

6,010

6,010

15, 100

10,700

11,200

July.

9,840

8,200

7,060

6,010

5,360

4,750

4,460

3,910

3,400

3,650

5,360

.7, 430

8,600

7,060

5,680

5,360

4,750

5,680

4,460

4,180

3,650

3,400

2,920

3,160

3,160

3,650

3,160

3,160

2,690

2,260

2,070

Aug.

2,260

1,890

1,550

1,720

1,550

1,390

1,550

1,390

3,400

4,460

4,180

3,160

2,470

1,890

1,720

1,550

1,890

2,470

2,920

2,260

1,890

1,720

1,550

1,720

3,910

4,750

3,650

2,920

2,260

2,070

6,010

Sept.

4,460

3,160

2,690

2,470

2,260

2,070

1,890

1,720

1,720

1,550

1,550

1,550

1,390

1,240

1,110

1,MO

990

oon

990

990

880

880

880

880

880

880

780

780

780

780

NOTE. Discharge Jan. 20 to Mar. 14, inclusive, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, 

weather records, study of gage-height graph and comparison with similar studies for stations upstream.

Monthly discharge of Delaware River at Port Jervis, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30,

1917.

[Drainage area, 3,250 square miles.]

Month.

October.......................................

December .....................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,360 

3,910 

12, 100 

36,500 

7,500 

53,400 

27,500 

8,200 

32,700 

9,840 

4,460 

4,460

53,400

Mipimmri

880 

1,390 

2,260 

1,900 

1,000 

4,000 

3,650 

2,690 

5,680 

2,070 

1,390 

780

780

Mean.

1,980 

2,030 

4,740 

6,380 

2,010 

16,900 

10,400 

4,800 

10,700 

4,790 

2,520 

1,480

5,750

Per 

square 

mile.

0.610 

.625 

1.46 

1.96 

.618 

5.20 

3.20 

1.48 

3.29 

1.47 

.776 

.456

1.77

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.70 

.70 

1.68 

2.26 

.64 

6.00 

3.57 

1.71 

3.67 

1.70 

.89 

51

24.03

DELAWARE RIVER AT RIEGELSVILLE, N. J.

LOCATION. At toll suspension bridge between Biegelsville, N. J., and Biegelsville.

Pa., 600 feet above Musconetcong River, and 9 miles below Lehigh River. 

DRAINAGE AREA. 6,430 square miles. 

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 3, 1906, to September 30, 1917.
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN. 141

GAGE. Staff in three sections installed November 14, 1914, on left bank (New Jersey 

side) at upstream side of bridge; lower section inclined, middle and upper sections vertical. Prior to November 14, 1914, chain gage attached to upstream side 

of bridge. Gage read-by J. H. Deemer to July 1, 1917, and after that date by 

Herbert J. Bernholz.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Large bowlders; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 18.1 feet at 4 p. m. 

March 28 (discharge, 88,400 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 2.3 feet, 

September 30 (discharge, 1,990 second-feet).

1906-1916: Maximum stage 1 recorded, 25 feet March 28, 1913 (discharge, 

144,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.78 feet November 6, 1914 (discharge 1,170 second-feet).

ICE. Discharge relation affected by ice, during severe winters only.

DIVERSIONS. The Delaware division of the Pennsylvania canal diverts about 250 

second-feet from Lehigh River near its mouth from about the last of March to the 

middle of December each year.

ACCURACY. Stage discharge relation practically permanent; not seriously affected 

by ice during the year. Rating curve well defined. Gage read to quarter-tenths 

twice a day. Daily discharge obtained by applying mean daily gage heights to 

rating table. Records good.

The following discharge measurement was made by H. J. Jackson: 

September 14, 1917: Gage height, 2.80 feet; discharge, 2,890 second-feet. Canal was 

measured also and discharge found to be 230 second-feet.

Daily discharge, in second feet, of Delaware River at Riegelsville, N. J., for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1....... .......

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24...............

25...............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

2,940

3,160

3,390

3,160

2,940

2,730

2,530

2,530

2,630

2,250

2,160

2,160

2,080

2,080

2,160

2,080

2,160

2,250

2,440

5,010

9,840

7,490

8,480

6,850

5,610

5,010

4,420

3,880

3,630

3,630

Nov.

3,280

3,390

3,390

3,160

3,280

3.280

3,160

3,160

3,390

3,160

3,050

2,940

3,390

3,390

3,160

2,940

3,050

3,160

2,840

9 R40

9 R40

2,730

2,730

3,630

5,310

6,850

6,540

5,010

4,710

6,230

Dec.

10,900

16,300

11,600

10,200

8,820

8,150

7,490

6,850

6,230

6,850

6,850

6,850

6,850

5,610

5,310

4,140

3,630

3,390

3,880

3,630

4,140

5,310

8,820

10,900

12,400

10,900

9,840

9,160

9,500

8,150

6,850

Jan.

6,850

6,850

6,850

7,490

8,820

16,700

15,800

17,100

14,600

13,100

12,000

7,490

6,850

14,600

22,100

23,500

20,700

15,400

13,900

11,200

10,200

12,700

12,700

9,840

9,500

7,490

6,540

7,170

6,850

9,500

10,900

Feb.

8,820

8,820

5,610

5,310

6,540

4,420

5,310

5,310

5,610

3,880

4,420

3,880

3,880

4,140

4,140

4,710

3,880

3,880

4,420

4,420

4,420

4,710

3,880

10,200

8,480

6,230

6,230

8,150

.......

Mar.

9,500

10,500

11,600

9,500

8,150

6,230

6,230

7,170

8,820

11,600

19,700

16,300

16,300

18,000

15,800

15,400

17, 100

13,900

12,000

11,200

10,900

11,600

15,400

45,700

56,000

58,100

86,100

78,600

51,800

39,300

Apr.

29,300

35,100

47,700

42.500

31,000

31,600

30,400

29,300

23,500

21,600

18,800

16,700

15,800

15,400

14,200

13,100

12,000

10,900

10,500

11,200

11,200

13,100

12,700

11,200

10,500

9,500

8,820

8,480

8,150

7,820

May.

7,170

7,490

8,480

7,820

8,480

10,900

13,900

13,500

13,100

13,900

13,100

12,000

10,500

9,840

9,500

8,480

7,820

7,820

7,490

6,850

6,540

6,230

5,610

5,920

5,610

5,610

5,310

5,310

7,490

11,200

12,700

June.

10,900

10,500

13,100

12,000

11,200

10,500

11,600

14,200

18,400

16,300

17,100

28,800

47,000

30,400

27,700

28,800

23,000

19,300

15,800

14,200

15,000

13,900

12,000

10,900

12,700

11,600

10,900

18,800

19,300

15,400

July.

15,000

12,400

11,200

11, 600

9,840

8,150

7,490

6,850

6,850

8,480

9,840

13,100

15,000

12,700

13,500

12,000

10,500

11,600

8,820

7,820

7,170

6,850

7,490

7,170

6,850

6,850

6,230

6,920

5,610

5,010

4,710

Aug.

4,420

5,010

5,610

3,880

3,390

3,390

3,390

3,880

9,840

11,200

9,500

8,480

8,150

7,170

5,920

7,170

7,820

6,230

5,610

5,310

4,710

4,710

4,140

5,920

5,610

9,840

7,820

5,920

5,010

5,010

5,610

Sept.

8,150

6,850

6,230

5,310

4,710

4 140

3,880

4,140

7,170

3,880

3,630

3,390

3,280

3,160

2,940

2,730

2,530

2,630

2,340

2 440

2

«Mft

2,340

1,990

2,080

1,990

1,990

2,080

1,990

2,080

1,990

i It has been estimated that the flood of October 10-11,1903, reached a stage of 41.5 feet with a corresponding discharge of 275,000 second-feet.
142 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Monthly discharge of Delaware River at Riegelsville, N. J., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1917.

[Drainage area, 6,430 square miles.]

Month.

November. ....................................

March .........................................

June. .........................................

July...........................................

. 

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

9,840 

6,850 

16,300 

23,500 

10,200 

86,100 

47,700 

13,900 

47,000 

15,000 

11,200 

8,150

86, 100

Minimum.

2,080 

2,730 

3,390 

6,540 

3,880 

6,230 

7,820 

5,310 

10,500 

4,710 

3,390 

1,990

1,990

Mean.

3,740 

3,670 

7,730 

11,800 

5,490 

22 800 

.18* 700 

8,890 

17,400 

9,120 

6,120 

3,480

9,940

Per 

square 

mile.

0.617 

.607 

1.22 

1.84 

.854 

3.58 

2.95 

1.42 

2.74 

1.45 

.988 

.577

1.57

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.71 

.68 

1.41 

2.12 

.89 

4.13 

3.29 

1.64 

3.06 

1.67 

1.14 

.64

21.38

NOTE. To allow for water diverted by the Canal, 230 second-feet was added to the daily discharge, Ot. 1 

to Dec. 20 and Mar. 17 to Sept. 30, before computing discharge per square mile; first three columns of table 

therefore indicate actual quantity of water flowing in the river; the two remaining columns represent the 

total run-off from drainage area above Riegelsville, including the discharge of the canal.

BEAVER KILL AT COOES FALLS, N. Y.

LOCATION . At covered highway bridge in Cooks Falls, Delaware County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 236 square miles (measured on post-route and topographic maps).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 25, 1913, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Vertical staff, in two sections, bolted to rock'on left bank under the bridge; 

read by J. L. Rosa and Ralph Rosa.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading a short distance 

downstream.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel, boulders, and solid ledge; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. 1913-1917: Maximum stage, determined from water 

marks on gage, 11.0 feet, some time during the night of March 27-28, 1917 (discharge about 7,870 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.70 foot from 7 a. m. 

October 12 to 7 a. m. October 13, 1916 (discharge, 26 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation somewhat affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; affected by ice during 

portions of the period December to March, inclusive. Rating curve well denned 

between 50 and 4,500 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths twice daily. Daily 

discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to rating table. Records good for periods when the stage-discharge relation was not affected by ice; 

fair for other periods.

Discharge measurements of Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

[Made by E. D. Burchard.l

Date.

Feb. 15................. .......

Gage

Feet. 

o2.03

o4.04

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

257

147

Date.

Mar. 10.......... .............

29.......................

Gage

Feet. 

o2.85

6.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

317

2,570

' Stage-discharge relation affected by Ice.
DELAWARE RIVER BASIN. 143

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y., for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

130

92

. 78

65

59

48

46

38

36

31

28

26

31

154

130

100

118

70

78

805

705

530

325

256

220

197

175

175

138

114

98

Nov.

154

124

92

75

164

208

175

164

150

244

208

175

154

154

150

134

124

114

144

134

134

154

1,020

2,480

1,020

755

615

570

1,020

1,400

Dec.

1,140

1,020

805

755

705

660

530

455

455

455

387

371

355

340

296

280

240

200

180

170

175

530

805

530

371

387

420

387

355

325

296

Jan.

296

256

232

296

387

755

570

455

387

387

282

256

220

1,520

1,140

755

530

455

400

360

320

360

300

260

320

300

260

240

260

280

220

Feb.

260

190

160

150,

I4n

130

130

150

240

260

220

170

160

150

140

110

90

80

75

90

75

90

110

220

260

320

900

1,300

*

Mar.

750

440

240

280

400

300

300

400

340

300

300

650

700

650

550

480

420

400

380

355

455

420

570

2,400

2,160

3,140

4,150

4,650

2,560

1,940

2,020

Apr.

3,950

4,550

3,310

2,720

2,240

2,020

1,800

1,330

1,140

910

855

965

1,020

910

805

705

705

855

1,200

1,590

1,460

1,330

1,020

855

705

615

615

570

530

615

May.

705

705

6l£

805

910

855

805

805

805

705

615

570

530

490

455

455

455

371

340

325

310

310

296

282

269

244

296

325

705

530

490

June.

45o

420

420

355

855

1,590

1,020

805

855

755

1,460

3,220

1,660

1,400

1,020

1,520

1,200

965

755

615

660

420

530

420

355

387

1,940

1.400

855

1,140

July.

755

1,200

910

615

530

455

387

355

660

2,720

3,310

2,960

1,870

805

615

530

530

530

530

455

420

340

855

660

490

420

282

256

340

310

256

Aug.

232

232

256

244

232

232

220

232

660

455

387

244

208

186

175

910

1,140

530

355

310

282

387

2,320

1,080

755

455

282

1,520

2,880

910

1,080

Sept.

805

530

455

455

371

9Qfi

256

256

256

269

256

232

208

186

175

164

164

144

134

124

114

114

124

114

124

- 114

114

164

144

186

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 16-20 and Jan. 19 to Mar. 19, both inclusive, estimated because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather records, study of gage height graph, and comparison with similar studies 

from near-by stations.

Monthly discharge of Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y.,for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917. 

[Drainage area, 236 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September... . .................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

805 

2,480 

1,140 

1,520 

1,300 

4,650 

4,550 

910 

3,220 

3,310 

2,880 

805

4,650

Minim rim.

26 

75 

170 

220 

75 

240 

530 

244 

355 

256 

175 

114

26

Mean.

164 

407 

464 

421 

228 

1,070 

1,400 

528 

982 

818 

626 

235

613

Per

square 

mile.

0.695 

1.72 

1.97 

1.78 

.966 

4.53 

5.93 

2.24 

4.16 

3.47 

2.65 

.996

2.60 "

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.80 

1.92 

2.27 

2.05 

1.01 

5.22 

6.62 

2.58 

4.64 

4.00 

3.06 

1.11

35.28
144 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

WEST BRANCH OF DELAWARE RIVER AT HALE EDDY, IT. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge in village of Hale Eddy, Delaware County, 8 miles 

below power dam of Deposit Electric Co. and 8J miles above iunction with East 

Branch of Delaware River.

DBAINAGE AREA. 611 square miles (measured on Post-Route map).

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 15, 1912, to September 30, 1917. Records obtained 

at Hancock, about 7 miles below, from October 15, 1902, to December 31, 1912.

GAGE. Vertical staff, in four sections, attached to rocks near the right abutment of 

the bridge and to the abutment; read by William Seeley.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the cable, installed in July, 1916, about 

400 feet below the gage. Previous measurements made from the highway bridge 

or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel and boulders; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 10.7 feet at 8 

a. m., March 28 (discharge,-11,800 second-feet); minumum stage recorded, 1.7' 

feet, September 29 and 30 (discharge, 105 second-feet). Minimum discharge, 

about 65 second-feet, February 23 and 24 (stage-discharge relation affected 

by ice.)

1912-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 1 15.3 feet at 5 p. m. March 27, 1913 (discharge about 25,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.0 foot at 6 p. m., 

September 21, 1913 (discharge, 34 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation seriously affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Rating curve well 

defined between 300 and 18,000 second-feet. Gage read to half-tenths twice 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height to 

rating table. Records good for periods when the stage-discharge relation was 

not affected by ice; fair for other periods.

Discharge measurements of West Branch of Delaware River at Hale Eddy, N. Y., during 

the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

[Made by E. D. Burehard.]

Date.

Dec. 28.... ......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o4.08

»9UO

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

992

829

Date.

Feb. 14..........

Mar. 9.. .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

06.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

202

736

Date.

Mar.31.... ......

31..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.90

5.88

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3.090

3,060

« Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

1 The observer states that on Oct. 10, 1893, the water rose to an elevation indicated by a nail in a tree 

near the gage. This nail is at gage height 20.3 feet. No data available indicating whether the present 

rating is applicable to this gage height.
DELAWAKE RIVER BASIN. 145

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Delaware River at Hale Eddy, N. T., 

for the year ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1...... ........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

28... ...........

27..............

28..............

29..............

Qfl

31..............

Oct.

720

480

410

388

325

305

232

91 %

215

185

200

179

170

305

325

250

91 %

215

232

285

1,510

1.330

855

720

605

*;8ft

505

455

410

365

345

Nov.

365

480

388

855

365

505

432

388

345

455

505

432

410

410

555

455

432

388

388

455

325

OQC

1,510

1,330

785

720

QCK

2 fi9rt

Dec.

2,620

2,050

1,780

1,690

1,600

1.330

1,160

1 000 '925

I

OOrt

925

700

600

500

460

380

340

320

300

300

360

an

1 9Oft

1.200

1,300

i ftfin

QflA

onn

650

440

380

Jan.

480

480

550

500

500

2,200

2,400

1,700

1,500

1 400

950

650

1,100

2,400

3,800

2,800

9 /inn

2,000

1,700

1,500

1,300

1.100

900

700

600

500

260

100

300

OCA

Feb.

440

380

320

100

110

140

200

220

300

260

170

IRft

110

200

95

120

70

75

90

85

65

65

90

85

160

1.100

S Aflfl

Mar.

1,900

1.100

700

550

480

360

460

420

700

850

850

2,200

4,200

2,600

2,000

1,600

1,900

2,000

1,700

1,800

1,900

2,000

3,400

7,500

6,010

6,180

8,000

in ^rtn

5,680

4,000

3,030

Apr.

4,280

7.240

6,520

5,680

3,140

3,030

3,740

2,620

2,520

1,870

1,600

1,690

1,600

1,510

1,330

1,160

1,160

1,000

925

1,240

1,160

1,420

1,240

1,160

1,000

855

855

79ft

720

7 on

May.

785

720

720

720

1,000

1,870

1,870

1,960

2,420

1,960

1,870

1,690

1,510

1,330

1,160

925

1,000

785

720

720

605

605

605

555

505

530

KftK

fifirt

1,690

1,870

1,420

June.

1,330

1,780

1,690

1,510

1,160

1,330

4,580

5,200

4,000

3,030

4,000'

6,180

4,140

3,250

3,250

2,620

2,320

1,870

2,230

1,690

2,420

1,690

1,420

1,600

1,330

1,160

5,520

3,030

3,030

2

COA

July.

1,870

2,620

2,050

1,510

1,420

1,240

1.000

855

720

855

1,000

1,870

1,160

1,160

785

720

720

660

855

855

855

855

605

580

1,160

785

605

530

480

720

555

Aug.

410

410

365

388

285

285

285

232

432

720

530

365

305

285

388

388

388

480

410

325

268

285

268

530

1,330

660

505

410

345

720

925

Sept.

720

605

530

432

355

325

325

325

530

365

285

250

285

250

215

250

200

200

185

155

185

185

185

170

142

142

155

142

130

105

NOTE. Discharge, Dec. 12 to Mar. 24, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records, study of gage-height graph, and comparison with similar studies for near-by stations.

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Delaware River at Hale Eddy, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 611 square miles.]

Month.

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,510 

2,620 

2,620 

3,800 

3,600 

10.500 

7,240 

2,420 

6,180 

2,620 

1,330 

720

10,500

Minimum.

170 

285 

300 

100 

65 

360 

720 

505 

1,160 

555 

232 

105

65

Mean.

436 

629 

939 

1.210 

318 

2,790 

2,120 

1,140 

2,700 

1,020 

449 

278

1,180

Per 

square 

mile.

0. 7U 

1.03 

1.54 

1.98 

.520 

4.57 

3.47 

1.87 

4.42 

1.67 

.735 

.455

1.93

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.82 

1.15 

1.78 

2.28 

.54 

5.27 

3.87 

2.16 

4.93 

1.93 

.85 

.51

26.09

101860° 20 WSP 451 10
146 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PAKT I.

STJSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN. 

STTSQTTEHANNA RIVER AT CONKLIN, N. 7.

LOCATION. At steel highway bridge just below Conklin, Broome County, 5 miles 

below Big Snake Creek and 8 miles above Chenango River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,350 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 13, 1912, to September 30, 1917. Records were 

obtained at Binghamton, 8 miles below, from July 31,1901, to December 31,1912.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder on left bank, just below the bridge, installed 

October 4, 1914. Prior to that date, staff in two sections, the lower section 

inclined; the upper vertical, attached to left abutment. Water-stage recorder 

inspected by Mrs. Cora Ames.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Coarse gravel and boulders; probably permanent.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water-stage recorder, 

13.55 feet at 3 a. m. March 28 (discharge, 28,700 second-feet); minimum stage, 

from water-stage recorder, 2.45 feet September 27 and 30 (discharge 500 secondfeet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent. Affected by ice for a 

large portion of the period from January to March, inclusive. Rating curve 

well defined between 250 and 55,000 second-feet. Operation of water-stage 

recorder fairly satisfactory, except December 9-22, April 30 to May 12 and June 

27 to July 17; staff gage read to hundredths twice daily December 9-22 and 

July 4 to 17. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gage height 

to rating table, except for days when the mean gage height would not give the 

true discharge within 1 per cent. For such days the discharge is the mean of 24 

hourly determinations. Gage heights obtained by inspecting gage-height graph 

or by taking mean of two observations per day. Records good except for 

periods when the stage-discharge relation was affected by ice, for which they 

are fair.

Discharge measurements of Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917,

Date.

Oct. 3

Dec. 28

Feb. 13

Mar. 6

Made by 

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do.. .............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.89

a 4. 69

a 5. 84

a 7. 56

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,800

2.780

3,620

2,140

Date.

Mar. 9

31

.May 14

Made by 

.....do..................

C.C. Covert............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

a 7. 06

8.22

5.38

5.99

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,180

11,000

4,260

5,300

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
SUSQTJEHANNA KIVER BASIN. 147

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10. .............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

2,910

2,280

1,810

1,570

1,400

1,300

1,170

1,100

1,020

970

930

882

826

946

1,090

1,250

1,040

938

997

2,360

4,040

3,240

2,590

2,210

1,940

1.810

1.630

1.570

1.350

1,350

1,300

Nov.

1,230

1,400

1,750

1,520

1,460

1,570

1,940

1,750

1,670

1,630

1,880

2,070

1 8SO

l)750

2,250

2,830

2,140

2,070

2,000

2,000

2,000

1,750

2,740

5,940

4,740

3,080

2,910

4,480

Dec.

7,330

6,400

4,840

4,140

4,040

3,950

3,500

2,990

3,420

3,860

3,330

2,990

2,800

2,200

2,200

2,000

2,000

1,900

1,800

2,200

3,000

3,800

3,400

3,800

3,200

2,800

2,600

2,200

2,000

Jan.

2,200

1,800

2,000

2,200

3 flftfl

6,000

7,500

5,500

4 200

3,800

3,800

3,000

1,800

2,200

3,800

6,500

4,400

4,000

3,600

3,200

3,200

3,000

2,800

2,400

2,200

2,000

1 900 i)soo

1,800

2,200

Feb.

2,600

2,400

2,000

1,800

1,600

1,500

1,400

1,300

1,400

1,400

1,300

1,300

1,100

950

900

850

850

800

800

800

800

800

800,

800

800

900

4 

' 400

.......

Mgr.

10,000

7,000

4,600

2,600

2 4lYi

2,200

2,200

1,900

2,200

2,600

2,800

8,500

12,000

12,000

9

Krtfl

6,500

5,000

4,200

3,200

3,000

3,200

12,000

11 000

20,000

21,000

24,800

27,600

24,400

16,800

12, 100

Apr.

11,500

13.400

12.300

14,300

9,500

11,000

9,740

8,040

7,100

t; tun

5,500

5,280

A. PM\

4,140

3,860

3,500

3,330

3,420

4,230

4,230

3,680

3,420

3,080

2,750

2,750

2,750

2,590

2,510

May.

2,830

2,830

2,830

2,830

2,910

5,940

5,940

5,940

5,940

5,940

5,940

5,940

4,530

4,230

3,680

3,240

3,080

3,160

2,830

2,510

2,510

2,440

2,440

2,670

2,590

2,440

2,360

2,670

6,450

7,800

5,940

June.

4,760

5,940

5,060

4,230

3,500

3,240

9,180

10,000

10,800

8,760

7,800

10,800

10,200

Q ftflft

8,760

6,400

6,400

7,020

10,800

9,000

6,400

5,940

6,860

6,630

11,400

11,400

11,400

11,400

July.

8,760

8,280

9,500

7,330

5,940

4,640

3,860

2,670

3,420

2,990

2,830

3,860

4,640

3,860

4,230

5,720

5,720

4,950

5,060

6,700

6,860

5,720

4,530

4,040

3,240

3,590

2,830

2,360

2,280

2,280

2,990

Aug.

2,210

1,880

1,750

2,070

1,520

1,400

1,350

7,240

3,240

2,360

1 Qdrt

1,880

2 Q1fi

2,360

1,810

i 4fin

1,300

1,150

1,060

1,570

1,860

2,300

1,520

1,210

1,180

1,630

2,070

Sept.

1,750

1,520

1,880

1,520

1,150

1,050

1,080

1,150

1,350

1,180

1,060

946

882

810

747

7^

'649 691

600

600

530

500

518

512

500

506

506

500

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 14 to Mar. 26, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records and study of gage-height graph.

Monthly discharge of Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 2,350 square miles.]

Month.

April................. ... .. ...... .

May...........................................

July........................... ........ ... .

August......... ....

September.............. ....... ........ . .

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,040 

5,940 

7,330 

7,500 

4,400 

27,600 

14,300 

7,800

9,500 

7,240 

1,880

27,600

Minimum.

826 

1,230 

1,800 

1,800 

800 

1,900 

2,510 

2,360 

3,240 

2,280 

1,060 

500

500

Mean.

1,610 

2,320 

3,260 

3,330 

1,340 

9,120 

6,120 

3,980 

8,120 

4,700 

2,170 

910

3,940

Per

square 

mile.

0.685 

.987 

1.39 

1.42 

.571 

3.88 

2.60 

1.69 

.3.46 

2.00 

.924 

.387

1.68

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.79 

1.10 

1.60 

1.64 

.59 

4.47 

2.90 

1.95 

3.86 

2.31 

1.07 

.43

22.71
148 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

CHENANGO RIVER NEAR CHENANGO FORKS, N. Y.

LOCATION. About 1£ miles below Tioughnioga River, 2 miles by road below Chenango Forks post office, Broome County, and 11£ miles above Binghamton and 

the mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,380 square miles (revised). See "Diversions."

RECORDS AVAILABLE. November 11, 1912, to September 30, 1917. Records were 

obtained at Binghamton, July 31, 1901, to December 31, 1911.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder on the left bank on the farm of Erastus Ingraham.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable, about 100 feet above the gage, or 

by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand, gravel, and small cobblestones; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, from water stage recorder, 

11.16 feet at 4 a. m. March 28 (discharge, 23,600 second-feet); minimum stage, 

from water stage recorder, 2.74 feet at 2 a. m. October 13 (discharge, 345 secondfeet).

1901-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 12.18 feet from noon until 1 p. m. April 2, 

1916 (discharge, 27,900 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.6 feet at the 

former station in Binghamton at 8 a. m. August 29, 1909 (discharge about 10 

second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

DIVERSIONS. The run-off from 87.3 square miles at head of Chenango River and from 

15.7 square miles at head of Tioughnioga River is stored in reservoirs and, except 

for discharge over the spillways, is diverted out of the drainage area through the 

Erie Canal. The above-mentioned drainage area for Chenango River does not 

include these two areas.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; affected by ice for a 

large part of the period from January to March, inclusive. Rating curve well 

defined between 120 and 35,000 second-feet. Operation of water-stage recorder 

fairly satisfactory throughout the year. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

to the rating table mean daily gage heights, determined by inspecting gageheight graph or for days of considerable fluctuation, by averaging the hourly 

discharge. Records good except for periods when stage-discharge relation was 

affected by ice, for which they are fair.

Discharge "measurements of Chenango River near Chenango Forks, N. Y., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Dec. 29

Feb. 12

Mar. 8

Made by 

E. D. Burchard......

....:do... ...............

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o6.39

o5.12

o4.39

oS.33

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1.290

1,670

605

1,550

Date.

Apr. 2

Made by 

E. D. Burchard. .......

E. D. Burchard. .......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.28

4.30

4.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

12,400

2,280

2,680

o Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN". 149

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chenango River near Chenango Forks, N. Y.,for the year

ending Sept. 80, 1917.

Day.

1...... ........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

1 R

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

1,640

1,070

838

700

593

521

454

430

406

398

390

368

368

642

690

593

584

546

829

3,580

2,930

1,860

1,450

1,190

1,040

937

838

761

700

670

Nov.

872

1,230

1,050

959

1,070

1,430

1,280

1,120

1,010

1,450

1,680

1,270

1,120

1,680

2

1AA

1,640

1,450

1,390

1.420

1,460

1,410

1,120

1,080

4,080

3,980

2,360

2,100

1,860

3,500

Dec.

3,520

2,610

2,180

2,020

2,360

2,520

2,180

1,940

1,720

2,100

1,780

1,570

1,500

1,420

1,270

1,140

1,100

1,000

950

900

950

1,100

1,600

1,900

2,100

2,000

1,700

1,600

i 9fin

900

700

Jan.

650

850

700

1,000

2,400

6,000

5,000

3,800

3,000

2,800

2,000

900

1,200

2,600

5,500

4,400

3,200

2,600

2,200

1,800

1,700

1,600

1,500

1,400

1,400

1,200

900

1,0&0

900

1,200

2,000

Feb.

1,900

1,500

900

850

900

850

850

850

850

700

650

600

550

550

550

550

550

600

600

600

600

550

550

550

550

600

1,900

4,400

Mar.

4,000

3,000

2,400

2,200

1,900

1,900

1,600

1,500

1,600

1,600

1,800

1,900

6,000

5,500

4,000

3,200

3,200

3,200

2,400

2,000

3,200

4,000

8,000

13,000

19,000

19,000

21,000

22,200

15,000

9,730

7,730

Apr.

8,830

12,100

12,700

9,610

6,830

2,180

8,210

6,440

5,430

4,280

3,650

3,750

3,860

3,350

2,970

2,790

2,520

2,270

2,180

2,700

3,060

2,610

2,270

2,100

1,780

1,630

1,780

1,780

1,690

1,600

May.

1,740

1,940

1,940

1,860

2,240

5,550

4,840

3,860

3,750

3,350

2,790

2,520

2,440

2,270

1,940

1,660

1,720

1,660

1,520

1,490

1,700

1,740

2,180

1,940

1,940

1,940

1,860

2,700

7,510

6,960

4,610

June.

3,650

4,170

3,350

2,790

2,360

2,440

6,390

8,500

8,800

7,370

10,800

14,600

10,600

7,930

7,370

7,370

6,180

4,960

5,920

5,820

11,500

8,500

7,100

9,200

8,900

5,920

12,900

11,300

7,980

8,510

July.

5,800

8,420

9,200

5,920

4,390

3,650

3,450

2,610

2,440

2,610

2,700

3,060

3,060

2,880

4 ion

3,960

2,790

3,160

4,070

3,060

3,790

2,700

2,180

1,740

1,660

1,390

1,250

1,130

1,340

1,690

1,270

Aug.

1,030-

915

1,250

1,180

Q11

816

71ft

732

7,670

6,100

2,840

1,940

1,540

2,650

2,770

3,610

2,670

1,860

1,430

1,220

1,090

970

926

6,800

6,420

3,030

2,020

1,680

2,100

2,270

2,020

Sept.

1,880

2,360

1 940

1^520

1 280

1,260

1,450

1,750

1,860

1,430

1,230

1,090

970

915

840

760

740

710

660

930

840

720

650

631

612

574

538

521

538

564

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 17 to Mar. 24, estimated because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records and study of gage-height graph. Discharge June 21 to 23 estimated by comparison with record 

at Conklin. See'' Diversions'' in station description.

Monthly discharge of Chenango River near Chenango Forks, N. Y., for the year ending

Sept. 80,1917.

[Drainage area, 1,380 square miles.)

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,580 

4,080 

3,520 

6,000 

4,400 

22,200 

12,700 

7,510 

12,900 

9,200 

7,670 

2,360

22,200

Minimum.

368 

872 

700 

650 

550 

1,500 

1,600 

1,490 

2,360 

1,130 

732 

521

368

Mean.

932 

1,670 

1,660 

2,170 

916 

6,350 

4,230 

2,780 

7,440 

3,290 

2,360 

1,060

2,660

Per 

square 

mile.

0.675 

1.21 

1.20 

1.57 

.664 

4.60 

3.07 

2.01 

5.39 

2.38 

1.71 

.768

1.93

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.78 

1.35 

1.38 

1.81 

.69 

5.30 

3.42 

2.32 

6.01 

2.75 

1.97 

.86

28.64
150 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART I.

CHEMUNG RIVER AT CHEMUNG, N. Y.

LOCATION. At highway bridge about midway between Chemung, Chemung County, 

N. Y., and Willawana, Pa., half a mile upstream from State line and about 10 

miles above mouth.

DRAINAGE AREA. 2,440 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 11,1903, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Tape gage at the upstream side of the right span of the bridge; read by D. I,. 

Orcutt.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Sand and gravel; occasionally shifting.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 11.7 feet at 4.45 

p. m. March 12 (discharge, 27,600 second-feet); minimum stage recorded 1.91 feet 

at 6 a. m. October 14 (discharge 260 second-feet); minimum discharge 220 secondfeet February 15-16 (stage-discharge relation affected by ice).

1903-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 17.46 feet at 5 a. m. June 18, 1916 (discharge about 63,200 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 1.47 feet at 7 a. m. 

August 14, 1911 (discharge about 49 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.

REGULATION. Power is developed above the station, the largest plant being at 

Elmira, N. Y.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation probably permanent; affected by ice for a large 

portion of the period from December to March, inclusive. Rating curve well 

defined between 200 and 45,000 second-feet. Gage read to hundredths twice 

daily. Daily discharge ascertained by applying mean daily gago height to rating 

table. Records good, except for periods when the stage-discharge relation was 

affected by ice; fair for other periods.

Discharge measurements of Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y., during the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

[Made by E. D. Burchard.]

Date.

Jan. 20..........

height.

Feet.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

318

Date.

Feb. 11.........

Mar.7... .......

height.

Feet.

a 2.79

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

351

. 770

Date. Gage 

height.

Feet, 

6.01

5.06

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6,290

4,070

a Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN. 151

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chemung River at Chemung, N. TT. t for the year ending

Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

OC

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

1,360

790

581

477

432

383

348

332

310

332

277

277

277

277

288

343

360

321

310

389

1,250

1,730

1,150

870

710

630

553

532

477

451

432

Nov.

438

451

511

504

477

438

419

413

389

389

389

451

464

458

504

567

595

560

532

511

490

518

532

750

'960

750

750

760

Dec.

1,200

1,050

870

790

710

623

630

595

560

560

546

518

451

420

360

320

300

280

280

300

280

320

340

380

OQrt

420

360

300

OOft

320

380

Jan.

460

340

380

380

460

3,600

2,000

1,600

1,400

1,000

800

700

950

1,400

1,200

950

700

550

480

340

420

340

550

PL C ft

440

460

300

340

Feb.

380

700

750

800

700

600

600

500

- 500

440

360

340

340

280

220

220

280

280

360

600

1,000

1,000

850

800

son

1,200

3,200

7,010

Mar.

3.460

2,440

2,000

1,480

1,200

870

830

915

915

790

1,480

23,400

8,750

5,080

3,650

2,760

5,080

5,300

2,930

3,650

3,460

4,240

7,850

9 son

7,280

7,280

11,700

7,010

5,530

4 

' 040

Apr.

5,080

7,850

9,060

7,010

4,240

4,860

7,850

7,280

5,530

4,040

3,100

3,100

3,460

2,930

2,440

2,140

1,860

1,730

1,540

1,420

1,480

1,480

1,250

1,150

1,050-

1,000

Qfin

870

870

830

May.

870

915

870

790

870

4,650

5,080

4,440

4,440

4,040

3,280

2,440

2,140

1,860

1,540

1,300

1,250

1,250

1,100

1,100

1,300

1,250

1,860

2,290

1,600

1,480

1,730

11,000

6,240

June.

4,440

3,460

3,100

2,440

2,000

2,290

12,400

18,000

13,800

8,750

13,100

8,440

5,300

3,840

3,100

2,760

2,440

2,000

2,000

3,100

5,300

3,100

2,140

11,000

7,560

4,240

6,750

5,300

5,300

July.

3,460

11,000

13, 100

6,240

4,040

3,100

2,440

2,440

3,100

3,460

4,040

4,650

4,650

3,280

4,860

3,460

2,440

2,290

2,930

3,280

2,600

2,600

2,290

2,000

2,000

1,600

2,600

2,290

1 z*Af\

13,800

4 

' 240

Aug.

2,440

1,730

1,360

1,150

960

870

790

790

11,000

5,300

2,440

1,600

1,250

7,560

15,300

9,380

5,530

3,460

2,440

1,860

1,540

1,300

1,420

6,000

4,440

2,290

1,730

1,360

1,860

3,460

4,440

Sept.

3,100

5,080

5,530

6,000

2,600

2,140

2,000

1,860

3,280

2,140

1,730

1,480

1,300

1,150

1,050

960

870

780

750

790

1,860

1,250

960

790

1?S\

670

630

616

574

574

NOTE. Discharge Dec. 14 to Feb. 27, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, weather 

records, and study of gage height graph.

Monthly discharge of Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1917.

[ Drainage area, 2,440 squarejmiles.]

Month.

April ..........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,730 

960 

1,200 

3,600 

7,000 

23,400 

9,060 

11,400 

18,000 

13,800 

15,300 

6,000

23,400

Minimum.

277 

389 

280 

300 

220 

790 

830 

790 

2,000 

1,540 

790 

574

220

Mean.

556 

547 

486 

829 

896 

4,730 

3,250 

2,780 

5,740 

4,060 

3,460 

1,780

2,430

Per 

square 

mile.

0.228 

.224 

.199 

.340 

.367 

1.94 

1.33 

1.14 

2.35 

1.66 

1.42 

.730

.996

Run-off 

(depth in 

laches on 

drainage 

area).

0.26 

.25 

.23 

.39 

.38 

2.24 

1.48 

1.31 

2.62 

1.91 

1.64 

.81

13.52
152 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

PATTTXENT RIVER BASIN.

PATUXENT RIVER WEAK BURTONSVILLE, MD.

LOCATION. At Columbia turnpike bridge, 1^ miles northeast of Burtonsville, Montgomery County, and about 4 miles northwest of Laurel.

DRAINAGE ABE A. 127 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. July 21, 1911, to June 15, 1912 (records furnished by United 

States Engineer Office); July 21, 1913, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Stevens water-stage recorder referred to a staff gage in three sections on left 

bank about 80 feet below highway bridge; prior to July 23, 1914, a vertical staff 

fastened to left side of bridge pier; datum of recorder is 1.29 feet below that of 

gage on pier. Recorder inspected by Columbus Brashears and Arthur Beall.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Banks are lined with trees and brush and overflow at 

stage of about 10 feet. Control is a flat gravel bar about 300 feet below bridge. 

Current is swift under bridge, but sluggish below bridge to control. Discharge 

measurements indicate that control shifted during the flood of July 12-13,1917.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during year, 10.45 feet at 8 a. m. July 

13 (discharge, 3,060 second-feet); minimum stage, from water-stage recorder, 1.93 

feet September 23 (discharge, 47 second-feet). A stage of 1.70 feet occurred at 

3 a. m. February 3 and was probably caused by freezing at headwaters.

1911-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 14.6 feet about 9 a. m. January 12, 1915 

(discharge, from poorly defined rating curve, 5,100 second-feet); minimum stage, 

0.18 foot August 25, 1911 (discharge, 6 second-feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice during severe winters only.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during the high water of July 12-13; 

affected by ice February 3-20. Bating curve well defined between 50 and 2,000 

second-feet, used October 1 to July 12; curve well denned between 50 and 200 

second-feet and fairly well defined above 200 second-feet used July 13 to September 30. Operation of water-stage recorder satisfactory throughout the year, 

except for period December 20-24. Daily discharge ascertained by use of discharge 

integrator, by hourly method, and by use of mean daily gage heights obtained by 

inspecting recorder graph. Records excellent.

Discharge measurements of Pautuxent River near Burtonsville, Md., during the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Feb. 14

Made by 

G. C. Stevens.............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o2.36

2.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

64.5

85.8

n Stage-discharge relation affected by ice.
PATUXENT KIVER BASIN, 153

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Patuxent River near Burtonsville, Md., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1........ ......

2..............

3..............

' 4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

62

63

61

59

61

59

60

60

61

60

59

59

61

61

CQ

59

63

60

126

117

70

67

64

61

61

CQ

58

59t;fi

58

60

Nov.

68

63

61

58

62

62

63

62

62

63

63

67

87

75

70

70

69

64

61

c7

55

53

54

86

67

w

54

52t;fi

Dec.

108

80

68

65

61

62

58

53

60

76

65

81

86

71

78

08

112

106

115

104

96

202

205

124

Jan.

10C

280

200

172

225

1W

139

130

126

121

102

10C

264

1 K/l

14.Q

190

123

112

510

IQfi

130

Iflfi

Q1?

88

07

194

410

216

Feb.

136

100

on

on

80

80

80

70

70

70

65

60

60

65

70

80

on

14fl

OCA

450

990

110 ist;

211

124

96

163

196

Mar.

162 idt;

145

318

584

330

249

810

One

386

358

313

91Q

262

264

188

232

168

154

154

1 (TO

142

994

180

155 iQt;

215

155

136 ion

Apr.

126

120

116

10Q

358

170

14fl

1 xf\

180

1 VI

140

134

125

115

114

114

115

115

115

112

122

118

118

May.

190

127

128

135

162

160

lift

153

149

149

129

128

126

123

19O

123

127

100

120 ion

118

114

110

106

103

213

V77

117

on

June.

CQ

on

82

78 7C

787

158

201

414

251

128

236 107

120

101

09

87

116

CO

78

74

69

67

65

70

68

64

July.

60

70

236

85

79

68

64

74

OOO

CQQ

KQA

360

1,200

200

144

133 tvi

102

124

115

Q9

84

81

78

75

79

fiQ

69

69

fiQ

fiQ

Aug.

69

00

69

59

54

51

50

53

165

296

76

65

A9

59

105

100

fiO

63

55

54

tc

67

56

fiO

68

63

55

53

52

94

65

Sept.

72

(TO

54

51

51

51

en

133

94

76

66

58

CO

4.Q

56

65

62

55

49

48

48

49

48

48

51

CQ

54

55

55

55

NOTE. Mean discharge Dec. 20-24 estimated 200 second-feet. Discharge Feb. 3 to 20 estimated as in 

table, because of ice, from discharge measurement study of gage-height graph and weather records.

Monthly discharge of Patuxent River near Burtonsville, Md., for the year ending Sept.

30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 127 square miles.]

Month.

April..........................................

May...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

126 

282 

205 

510 

450 

810 

358 

377 

787 

1,200 

296 

133

1,200

AfiTivnu-iT"-

56 

52 

53 

88 

60 

130 

112 

90 

64 

60 

50 

48

48

Mean.

64.9

70.8 

113 

169 

123 

263 

135 

139 

146 

176 

75.9 

58.9

128

Per 

square 

mile.

0.511 

.557 

.890 

1.33 

.969 

2.07 

1.06 

1.09 

1.15 

1.39 

.598 

.464

L01

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.59 

.62 

1.03 

1.53 

1.01 

2.39 

1.18 

1.26 

1.28 

1.60 

.69 

.52

13.70
154 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

POTOMAC RIVER BASIN. 

POTOMAC RIVER AT POINT OF ROCKS, MD.

LOCATION. At steel highway bridge at Point of Rocks, Frederick County, about 

one-third mile below Catoctin Creek and 6 miles above Monocacy River.

DRAINAGE AREA. 9,650 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. February 17, 1895, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain, attached to downstream side of left span of bridge; read by G. H. 

Hickman. Datum constant since September 2, 1902; prior to this date datura 

was 0.45 foot higher than at present. Sea-level elevation of gage datum, 200.54 

feet.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Practically permanent. The control is a ledge a few hundred feet below the station, the ledge extending completely across the river except for one relatively unimportant channel.

EXTREMES OP DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during year, 17.9 feet at 1.30 

p. m., March 13 (discharge 121,000 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.43 

foot at 9 a. m., September 29 (discharge 643 second-feet).

1895-1916: Maximum stage recorded, 29 feet on March 2, 1902 (discharge 

219,000 second-feet); minimum stage, 0.38 foot on September 10, 1914 (discharge 

540 second-feet).

ICE. Stage discharge relation seldom affected by ice.

DIVERSIONS. The Chesapeake & Ohio Canal parallels the Potomac on the Maryland 

side. The average discharge of the canal is 75 to 100 second-feet. The discharge 

is not included in the following tables.

REGULATION. Fluctuation at extremely low stages has been noted and is probably 

caused by the operation of power plants on the upper Potomac and tributaries.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; affected by ice gorge 

about a mile below from February 13 to 21. Rating curve well denned except 

at extremely low water. Gage read to hundredths once daily; during high water 

read oftener. Daily discharge ascertained by applying daily gage heights to 

rating table. Records excellent except those for extremely low stages, which 

are fair.

The following discharge measurement was made by G. C. Stevens and B. L. 

Hopkins: 

. August 23, 1917: Gage height, 1.04 feet; discharge, 2,040 second-feet.
POTOMAC RIVER BASIN. 155

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Potomac River at Point of Bocks, Md., for the year

ending Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..... ........

2.............

3.............

.4.............

5.............

6.............

7.............

8.............

9.............

10.............

11.............

12........... .

13.............

14..........

15.............

16.............

17.............

18.............

19...........

20.............

21...........

22.............

23.............

24.............

25.............

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30.............

31.............

Oct.

2,800

3,090

3, 540

2,800

2,380

1,990

1,840

1,560

1,410

1,290

1,100

1,190

1,340

1,680

1,840

1,660

1,790

1,840

2,250

2,660

2,250

2,250

2,380

2,660

3,540

3,390

2,940

2,380

2,120

1,990

1,940

Nov.

1,840

2,120

1,760

1,660

1,480

1,290

1,190

1,060

966

1,640

1,510

1,760

1,940

1,990

1,890

1,610

1,680

1,790

1,680

1,540

1,190

1,060

966

1,340

1,220

1,710

1,580

1,540

1,390

1,990

Dec.

2,250

1,860

1,610

1,460

3,860

3,540

3,240

2,940

2,800

2,120

1,910

1,610

1,910

1,960

1,890

1,640

1,680

1,360

1,260

2,250

2,800

2,380

3,390

2,940

2,800

2,380

2,380

2,660

10,000

16,300

9,530

Jan.

9,070

9,070

8,180

7,750

8,180

9,070

11,000

11,000

12,000

11,500

11,000

5,750

5,380

5,380

6,520

6,520

4,330

3,860

3,700

3,240

4,170

4,670

14, 600

29,400

21,700

15,700

9,070

7,750

7,330

7,750

9,530

Feb.

10,000

10,000

9,530

8,620

8,180

9,530

8,180

6,920

6,520

5,750

5,750

5,750

5,400

5,200

5,100

5,000

4,900

5,100

5,300

5,500

5,700

5,750

5,380

5,020

9,070

12,000

15,200

19,200

Mar.

14,600

14,900

15,200

15,200

24,200

26,800

22,300

27,500

36,300

90,500

53,200

80,500

118,000

100,000

65,600

64,700

57,200

56,400

55,600

40, 700

32,800

22,900

20,400

16,300

14,100

23,600

21,100

19,800

14,100

14, 100

12,000

Apr.

10, 000

9,530

8,180

7,330

6,130

10,000

16,300

19,800

24,800

22,300

19,800

16,300

15,200

14,600

14,100

13,500

9,530

9,070

8,620

7,750

6,520

6,130

6,130

5,380

5,020

5,020

6,130

5,750

5,750

5,750

May.

4,500

4,010

3,860

4,500

6,130

6,520

6,920

6,520

5,750

5,750

5,380

4,840

5,750

6,130

6,130

5,750

5,380

5,380

5,380

5,020

4,840

4,500

4,330

4,330

2,520

2,380

3,090

3,700

6,520

13,000

14,600

June.

16,300

14,600

11 000

10,500

13,500

8,620

17,400

19,800

20,400

9,070

13,500

14,600

8,620

6,520

6,130

5,020

4,670

4,500

3,G90

2,800

3,860

3,090

2,800

2,800

2,520

2,120

2,250

2,120

1,990

1,990

July.

2,800

2,970

3,120

2,940

2,550

2,450

2,450

2,250

4,880

5,200

4,980

6,640

5,940

4,430

6,640

3,980

3,730

3,090

4,430

3,790

3,180

2,806

2,940

3,180

2,660

6,320

5,750

4,430

4,200

2,940

Aug.

1,990

1,890

2,070

2,020

2,660

2,300

2,170

1,940

5,420

4,500

4,200

3,090

2,860

3,510

3,700

3,700

2,940

2,720

2,380

2,330

2,220

2,200

2,040

1,940

1,940

2,040

2,170

1,990

1,840

1,030

Sept.

1,290

2,090

2,200

1,890

1,660

1,290

1,190

1,030

1,540

1,260

1,540

1,190

1,350

1,290

1,680

1,810

2,020

1,790

1,660

1,310

1,220

1,050

1,140

1,360

1,440

944

769

834

643

900

NOTE. Discharge Feb. 13-21 estimated because of ice gorge below station, by comparison with records 

on adjacent streams.

Monthly discharge of Potomac River at Point of Rocks, Md., for the year ending Sept. 

1 SO, 1917.

[Drainage area, 9,650 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,540 

2,120 

16,300 

29,400 

19,200 

118,000 

24,800 

14,600 

20,400 

6,640 

5,420 

2,200

118,000

Minimum.

1,100 

966 

1,260 

3,240 

4,900 

12,000 

5,020 

2,380 

1,990 

2,250 

1,030 

643

643

Mean.

2,190 

1,550 

3,250 

9,170 

7,630 

38,400 

10,700 

5,590 

7,870 

3,890 

2,620 

1,380

7,880

Per 

square 

mile.

0.227 

.161 

.337 

.950 

.791 

3.98 

1.11 

.579 

.816 

.403 

.272 

.143

 .817

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.26 

.18 

.39 

1.10 

.82 

4.59 

1.24 

.67 

.91 

.46 

.31 

.16

11.09
156 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

MONOCACY RIVER NEAR FREDERICK, MD.

LOCATION. At Ceresville bridge on toll road leading from Frederick, Frederick 

County, to Mount Pleasant, about 3,000 feet below Tuscarora Creek (entering 

from right), 2,000 feet above Israel Creek (entering from left), and 3 miles northeast of Frederick.

DRAINAGE AREA. 660 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. August 4, 1896, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Chain attached to downstream side of right span of bridge; read by Eugene L. 

Derr.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from the bridge or by wading.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of gravel and boulders; shifting during very 

high floods. Control not well denned. Banks lined with trees and brush; subject 

to overflow at high stages.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage recorded during the year, 20.4 feet at 9.30 

a. m. March 13 (discharge, 12,700 second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 4.25 

feet October 10 (discharge, 122 second-feet).

1896-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 27.2 feet at 11 a. m. January 13, 1915 

(discharge determined from rating curve used for 1916, 19,000 second-feet); 

minimum stage, 3.54 feet several days in October, 1910 (discharge, 15 second- 

- feet).

ICE. Stage-discharge relation affected by ice during severe winters only.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation changed during high water in March, 1917; not 

affected by ice during the year. Rative curves well denned between 200 and 

15,000 second-feet used before and after March 15. Discharge measurements 

made during high water of March, 1917, indicate that rating curves used prior to 

1916 gave results about 20 per cent too large at high stages. Gage read to halftenths once daily; oftener during high water. Daily discharge ascertained by 

applying gage height to rating table. Records good.

Discharge measurements of Monocacy River near Frederick, Md., during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Oct. 26

Mar. 12

12

Made by 

G.C. Stevens..........

.....do.................

Gage

Feet. 

4.68

19.22

18.21

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

230

oll,800

olO,500

Date.

13

Aug. 22

Made by 

.....do.................

Stevens and Hopkins . .

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

10.90

10.00

4.52

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4,220

3,400

210

Surface velocities observed and coefficients between 0.80 and 0.88 used to reduce to mean velocity.
POTOMAC RIVER BASIN. 157

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Monocacy River near Frederick, Md.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10...--... ......

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23. .............

2t..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

1*. .............

29. .............

30. .............

31..............

Oct.

286

171

171

158

146

134

146

134

122

122

122

146

134

134

134

134

122

134

134

7,010

950

682

465

352

226

226

226

198

184

171

171

Nov.

158

158

158

146

146

158

171

146

134

134

134

134

134

134

134

122

134

134

134

134

134

134

134

198

171

184

146

146

146

525

Dec.

750

485

335

302

212

171

171

158

198

184

335

445

370

302

302

286

270

270

240

226

240

1,610

1,110

728

705

1,230

2,610

1,890

900

615

Jan.

465

445

638

1,170

1,610

3.060

1,480

1,350

1.000

750

615

405

425

2,320

1,610

1,420

2,320

1,890

1,420

950

950

3,290

2,610

950

850

705 425-

405

405

1,420

1,350

Feb.

850

850

900

950

950

900

850

485

445

405

405

335

302

270

270

270

255

240

240

335

405

750

1,290

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,350

Mar.

1,230

850

800

705

750

1,230

1,290

1,540

6,740

.5,500

5,660

9,750

4.480

3,440

3,060

2,340

3,220

2,990

1,510

1,380

1,320

1,640

1,380

1,710

1,570

1,140

1,510

2,050

1,140

982

832

Apr.

784

736

644

600

578

7,550

2,630

2,480

2, 340

1,910

1,380

1,140

982

882

784

736

667

600

578

644

600

644

556

514

514

535

514

474

454

434

May.

415

396

396

396

454

556

474

454

434

415

396

360

360

326

310

294

278

262

262

262

247

247

262

262

262

247

232

396

2,050

832

784

June.

1,260

1,640

736

434

343

882

4,230

1,570

882

690

784

2,480

1,030

736

622

600

578

434

396

360

343

326

310

294

294

294

262

232

232

218

July.

204

204

294

262

232

204

204

204

1,260

1,260

690

1,140

667

556

326

556

644

1,380

2,480

1,140

535

454

434

396

2,840

1,320

556

396

326

294

262

Aug.

218

204

218

191

178

165

1,090

178

4,900

2,840

1,090

535

378

343

982

310

232

278

262

232

232

204

204

1,710

1,140

278

232

204

204

326

360

Sept.

294

262

247

232

204

204

204

690

1,840

600

396

294

262

232

1,090

2,410

784

600

360

294

278

262

247

232

232

232

218

204

204

204

Monthly discharge of Monocacy River near Frederick, Md., for the year ending Sept. SO,

1917.

[Drainage area, 660 square miles.]

Month.

May...........................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

7,010 

525 

2,610 

3,290 

1,420 

9,750 

7,550 

2,050 

4,230 

2,840 

4,900 

2,410

9,750

Minimum.

122 

122 

158 

405 

240 

705 

434 

232 

218 

204 

165 

204

122

Mean.

440 

158 

576 

1,250 

682 

2,380 

1,130 

430 

783 

701 

643 

460

805

Per 

square 

mile.

0.667 

.239 

.873 

1.89 

1.03 

3.61 

1.71 

.652 

1.19 

1.06 

.974 

.697

1.22

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.77 

.27 

1.01 

2.18 

1.07 

4.16 

1.91 

.75 

1.33 

1.22 

1.12 

.78

16.57
158 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PAET I.

RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER BASIN.

RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER NEAR FREDERICKSBURG, VA.

LOCATION. At rear of McWhirt farm, 1J miles above dam of Spottsylvania Power 

Co. and 3J miles above Fredericksburg, Spottsylvania County.

DRAINAGE AREA. 1,590 square miles.

RECORDS AVAILABLE. September 19, 1907, to September 30, 1917.

GAGE. Vertical staff on right bank; installed November 4, 1913, to replace chain 

gage destroyed October 31, 1913. Original gage was a vertical staff which was 

destroyed February 14, 1908, and replaced February 20, 1908, by a chain gage 

under the cable. All three gages at practically the same location and referred 

to same datum. Gage read by Charles Perry.

DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS. Made from cable at gage. At extremely low water 

measurements can be made by wading or from a bridge over the power canal below 

the dam.

CHANNEL AND CONTROL. Bed composed of boulders; somewhat rough. One channel. 

Banks wooded; water overflows right bank at stage about 15 feet and left bank 

at about 12 feet. Current sluggish at extremely low water. Control is a rocky 

section a few hundred feet below the gage; practically permanent.

EXTREMES OF DISCHARGE. Maximum stage during the year, 8.5 feet March 5, determined from flood marks at gage (discharge, 23,100 second-feet); minimum stage 

recorded, 0.78 foot, October 10 and 13 (discharge, 212 second-feet).

1907-1917: Maximum stage recorded, 11.0 feet January 13, 1935, determined 

by leveling from flood marks (discharge, from extension of rating curve, 36,300 

second-feet); minimum stage recorded, 0.30 foot at 3 p. m. August 21, 1914 (discharge, 72 second-feet).

ICE. Ice forms near gage but seldom in sufficient quantity at control to affect stagedischarge relation.

ACCURACY. Stage-discharge relation practically permanent; not affected by ice 

during year. Rating curve well denned except for extremely high and low 

stages. Gage read to hundredths twice daily; readings reported during the 

winter of 1916-17 not entirely reliable. Daily discharge ascertained by applying 

mean daily gage height to rating table. Records good except for winter months. 

Comparison with records for other stations indicates that the winter records of 

the Rappahannock are not subject to large errors.

The following discharge measurement was made by G. C. Stevens: 

March 9,1917: Gage height, 3.44 feet; discharge, 3,890 second-feet.
RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER BASIN. 159

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Va.,for the

year ending Sept. SO, 1917.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5...........

6..............

7..............

8.............

9..............

10..............

11.............

12.............

13..............

14...........

15.............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. ............

23. .............

24. .........

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Oct.

455

418

418

336

288

288

288

288

2fO

212

288

212

288

288

260

260

317

2,570

1,040

805

676

598

578

494

418

440

418

323

Nov.

494

550

518

448

478

455

448

448

470

362

470

518

470

510

470

432

462

329

362

329

375

432

455

510

440

550

626

Dec.

1,350

1,070

598

470

510

432

432

502

440

534

805

918

805 i run

QAA

470

395

395

400

918

5,100

8,680

2,400

1,920

1 *W\

1,100

1,280

1,620

Jan.

1,560

1,220

1,770

1,480

1,620

2,570

1 280 ijieo

975

Q1S

918

729

W)

588

2,570

2.240 2, no

1.770

860

860 01 s

1,480

1,280

1,620

1,100

1,350

3,100

2,440

Feb.

1,770

1,480

1,100

1,220

Q71

1,220

805

860

860

7<;n

645

550

645

7KA

805

Q1 Q

750

1,100

1,100

1,420

1,160

1,220

2,000

1,700

1,350

1,700

Mar.

2,740

7,070

16,800

8,010

3,700

2

QOA

3,920

2,740

9 Q9fi

3 490

4! 140

C Q1A

5,100

4,850

3

9QA

3,100

2 Q9ft,

2

QOA

2,740

2,570

2,740

2,080

2 94 ft

2,080

1,770

1,620

Apr.

1,420

1,420

1,350

1,280

1,350

20,600

5,910

3,490

3,100

3 7ftft

2,570

2,400

2,920

2,240

1,920

1,770

1,620

1,560

1,700

1,620

1,620

1,350

1,280

1,220

1,350

1,280

1,480

2,000

2,000

May.

1 700 lUso

1,420

1,480

2 000

1,770

1,420

1 AQf\

1,480

1,480

1,220

1,160

1,100

1,040

1,040

071;

860

698

616

588

550

Afifi

698

636

626

698

1,040

2,920

1,560

June.

1,160

2,240

1,700

1,280

1,220

1,220

1,100

1,160

2,920

3,100

1,920

1,620

1,420

5,910

3,490

1,480

1,350

1,040

Q1 ft

1,220

918

750

fiAR

750

805

740

676

July.

550

486

518

1,350

860

626

518

626

<Ltt

9,760

3,700

1,220

918

656

510

1,480

1,620

860

687

750

708

645

708

1,480

5,100

3,490

2,240

1,420

975

750

Aug.

645

569

860

1,700

1,100

708

569

542

550

1,700

AC A

550

550

542

534

534

687

550

470

1,350

2,570

1,160

729

550

462

860

1,840

Sept.

1,700

729

588

1,560

860

518

1,350

1,220

1,420

805

588

455

750

455

486

860

687

470

448

440

382

645

478

342

305

329

336

395

329

Monthly discharge of Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Va.,for the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

[Drainage area, 1,590 square miles.]

Month.

January. ......................................

March .........................................

July...........................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,570 

626 

8,680 

3,100 

2,000 

19,600 

20,600 

2,920 

5,910 

9,760 

4,140 

1,700

20,600

Minimum.

212 

329 

395 

502 

550 

1,620 

1,220 

534 

510 

455 

462 

305

212

Mean.

478 

462 

1,360 

1,470 

1,120 

4,500 

2,660 

1,210 

1,520 

1,490 

983 

682

1,500

Per 

square 

mile.

0.301 

.291 

.855 

.925 

.704 

2.83 

1.67 

.761 

.956 

.937 

.618 

.429

.943

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.35 

.32 

.99 

1.07 

.73 

3.26 

1.86 

.'88 

1.07 

1.08 

.71 

.48

12.80
160 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS.

The following table gives the results of measurements of flow of 

streams of the north Atlantic slope at points other than those at 

which gaging stations are maintained:

Miscellaneous discharge measurements in north Atlantic slope basins during the year ending

Sept. 30, 1917.

Date.

Aug. 22

30

Sept. 4

10

Aug. 25

9

25

25

6

8

Stream.

.....do......................

.....do......................

.....do.................:....

.....do......................

.....do......................

.....do.....................

.....do......................

.....do......................

.....do......................

.....do......................

.....do......................

Tributary to or diverting 

from 

.....do.....................

.....do.....................

.....do.....................

.....do.....................

.....do.....................

.....do.....................

.....do.....................

.....do.....................

.....do.....................

.....do.....................

.....do.....................

River.

Locality.

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

Hillsboro.N. H...

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

Ga?e 

height.

Feet. 

134. 74

135.25

135.88

136.00

135.81

a 19. 04

a 19. 02

019.38

8.24

7.14

8.56

8.51

7.14

7.69

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

255

362

305

296

278

245

266

153

61

6.6

90

82

6.2

27.3

13.0

a Distance to water surface from reference point on bridge.
INDEX.

A. Page.

Accuracy of data and results of computation,

degrees of........................ 10-11

Acre-foot, definition of....................... 8

Amherst, Maine, West Branch of Union

River at......................... 16-17

Androscoggin River at Berlin, N. H......... 40-41

at Erroldam, N. H...................... 39-40

at Rumford Falls, Maine................. 42-43

Appropriations, record of.................... 7

Ashuelot River at Hinsdale, N. H........... 71-73

Athol, Mass., diversion to Packard Pond

near............................. 160

East Branch of Tully River near......... 83-85

Authorization of work....................... 7

Aziscohos dam, Maine, Magalloway River at. 43-44

B.

Bangor, Maine, Kenduskeag Stream near.. 31-32 

Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y........... 142-143

Bennetts Bridge, Conn., Pomperaug River at. Ill 

Berlin, N. H., Androscoggin River at........ 40-41

Borden Brook near Westfield, Mass........ 104-105

Burtonsville, Md., Patuxent River near... 152-153

C.

Cedar River near Indian Lake, N. Y,...... 121-123

Charlemont, Mass., Deerfield River at....... 87-88

Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y........ 150-151

Chenango River near Chenango Forks,

N. Y........................... 148-149

Clinton, Mass., South Branch of Nashua

River near....................... 57

Cobbosseecontee Stream at Gardiner, Maine. 160 

Cochituate,Mass.,LakeCochituatebasinnear. 58,60 

Computation, accuracy of results of.......... 10-11

Conklin, N. Y., Susquehanna River at..... 146-147

Connecticut River at First Lake, near Pittsburg, N. H...................... 61-63

at Orford, N. H.......................... 63-65

at Sunderland, Mass..................... 65- 67

Connecticut River basin, gaging-station records in......................... 61-106

Contoocook canal at Hillsboro, N. H......... 160

Contoocook River at Hillsboro, N. H........ 160

Control, definition of......................... 8

Cooks Falls, N. Y., Beaver Kill at......... 142-143

Cooperation, record of....................... 11

Cornish, Maine, Ossipee River at............ 49-51

Saco River at............................ 47-49

Covert, C.C., work of........................ 12

Current meters, Price, plate showing......... 8

D. 

Data, accuracy of............................ 10-11

explanation of........................... 9-10

Dead River at The Forks, Maine............ 35-37

Deerfield River at Charlemont, Mass......... 87-88

101860° 20 WSP 451 11

Page. 

Definition of terms.......................... 8

Delaware River at Port Jervis, N. Y....... 139-140

at Riegelsville,N. J.................... 140-142

East Branch of, at Fish Eddy, N. Y... 137-138 

West Branch of, at Hale Eddy, N. Y.. 144-145 

Delaware River basin, gaging-station records

in............................. 137-142

Dickinson, W. E., work of................... 15

E.

Eagle Bridge, N. Y., Hoosic River near.... 133-134

Enrol dam, N. H., Androscoggin River at.... 39-40

Erving, Mass., Millers River at.............. 75-77

Explanation of data......................... 9-10

F.

Falls Village, Conn., Housatonic River at... 109-110 

Farmington River near New Boston, Mass.. 105-106 

First Lake near Pittsburg, N. H., Connecticut River near................... 61-63

Fish Eddy, N. Y., East Branch of Delaware

River at....................... 137-138

Forks, The, Maine, Dead River at............ 35-37

Kennebec River at....................... 34-36

Foxcroft, Maine, Piscataquis River near..... 27-29

Framingham, Mass., Sudbury River basin

near............................. 58-59

Franklin Junction, N. H., Merrimack River

at............................... 51-52

Frederick, Md., Monocacy River at........ 156-157

Fredericksburg, Va., Rappahannock River

near........................... 158-159

Friez water-stage recorder, plate showing.... 9

G.

Gardiner, Maine, Cobbosseecontee Stream at.. 160 

Gardner, Mass., Otter River near............ 81-83

Gibbs Crossing, Mass., Ware River at........ 89-90

Goss Heights, Mass., Middle Branch of Westfield Riverat.................. 100-102

Great Barrington, Mass., Housatonic River

near........................... 107-108

Grindstone, Maine, East Branch of Penobscot River at.................... 23-25

Gurley printing water-stage recorder, plate

showing......................... 9

H.

Hadley, N. Y., Sacandaga River at........ 131-132

Hillsboro, N. H., Contoocook canal at....... 160

Contoocook River at..................... 160

Hinsdale, N. H., Ashuelot River at.......... 71-73

Hoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. Y..... 133-134

Hope, N. Y., Sacandaga River near........ 129-130

Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn... 109-110

near Great Barrington, Mass........... 107-108

161
162 INDEX.

Page.

Housatonic River basin, gaging-station records in......................... 107-111

Hudson River at Mechanicsville, N.Y..... 120-121

at North Creek, N.Y.................. 114-115

at Spier Falls, N. Y................... 118-119

at Thurman,N. Y.................... 113-117

near Indian Lake, N. Y............... 112-113

Hudson River basin, gaging-station records

in............................. 112-136

I.

Indian Lake, N.Y., Cedar River near....... 121-123

Hudson River near................... 112-113

Indian Lake Reservoir at Indian Lake,

N.Y........................... 123-124

Indian River near Indian Lake, N. Y...... 125-126

K.

Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine. -.. 31-32 

Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine........ 34-35

Kennebec River basin, gaging-station .records in........................... 33-38

Knightville, Mass., Westfield River at....... 96-98

L.

Lake Cochituate basin near Cochituate, Mass. 58,60 

Lawrence, Mass., Merrimack River at....... 53-55

Little Androseoggin River near South Paris,

Maine........................... 44-45

Lowell, Maine, Passadumkeag River at...... 29-31

M. 

Machias River at Whitneyville, Maine....... 14-15

Magalloway River at Aziscohos dam, Maine.. 43-44 

Maine, cooperation by....................... 11

Massachusetts, cooperation by............... 11

Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag,

Maine........................... 25-27

MechanicsvUIe, N. Y., Hudson River at... 120-121 

Medway, Me., "West Branch of Penobseot

River near...................... 19-21

Merrimack, N. H., Souhegan River at...... 55-56

Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N .H. 51-52 

at Lawrence, Mass....................... 53-55

Merrimack River basin, gaging-station records in.......................... 51-60

Millers River at Erving, Mass................ 75-77

nearWinchendon,Mass................. 73-75

Millinocket, Maine, "West Branch of Penobseot River at................. 18

Mohawk River at Vischer Ferry dam, N. Y. 135-136 

Monocacy River at Frederick, Md......... 156-157

Moosehead Lake at east outlet, Maine....... 33

Moss Brook at "Wendell Depot, Mass......... 85-87

N.

Nashua River, South Branch of, near Clinton,

Mass................. .......... 57

New Boston, Mass., Farmington River near 105-106 

New York State, cooperation by............. 11

North Creek, N. J., Hudson River at....... 114-115

O.

Orford, N. H., Connecticut River at......... 63-65

Ossipee River at Cornish, Maine............. 49-51

Otter River near Gardner, Mass............. 81-83

P. Page.

Packard Pond, diversion to, near Athol,

Mass. ........................... 160

Passadumkeag River at Lowell, Maine. ..... 29-31

Patuxent River near Burtonville, Md ..... 152-153

Penobseot River at West Enfield, Maine..... 21-23

East Branch of, at Grindstone, Maine. .... 23-25

"West Branch of, at Millinocket, Maine .... 18

near Medway, Maine. ............... 19-21

Penobseot River basin, gaging-station records in.......................... 18-32

Personnel, record of ......................... 11-12

Passumpsic River at Pierce's mills, near St.

Johnsbury, Vt... ................ 67-69

Pierce, C. H., work of....................... 11

Pierce's mills near St. Johnsbury, Vt., Passumpsic River at............... 67-69

PiscataquisRiver near Foxcrof t, Maine ...... 27-29

Pittsburg, N. H., Connecticut River at First

Lake near ....................... 61-63

Pittsfleld, Maine, Sebasticook River at...... 37-38

Point of Rocks, Md. , Potomac River at. .... 154-155

Pomperaug River at Bennetts Bridge, Conn . . Ill 

Poorly defined, meaning of .................. 10

Port Jervis, N. Y., Delaware River at. .... 139-140

Potomac River at Point of Rocks, Md. . . . . 154-155

Potomac River basin, gaging-station records

in............................. 154-157

Presumpscot River at outlet of Sebago Lake,

Maine. .......................... 46-47

Price current metei s, plate showing ......... 8

Priest Brook near "Winchendon, Mass. ....... 79-81

QQuaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass. .... 94-96

R.

Rappahannpck River near Fredericksburg,

Va............................ 158-159

Riegelsville, N. J., Delaware River at... . . . . 140-142

Riverbank, N. J., Schroon River at. ........ 127-128

Rumford Falls, Maine, Androseoggin River

at............................... 42-43

Run-off (depth in inches), definitionof . ...... 8

iver at Hadley, N.Y.......... 131-132

near Hope, N.Y...................... 129-130

Saco River at Cornish, Maine................ 47-49

Saco River basin, gaging-station records in... 47-51 

St. John River at Van Buren, Maine........ 12-13

St. Johnsbury, Vt., Passumpsic River near... 67-69 

Schroon River at Riverbank, N.Y........ 127-128

Scope of work............................... 7-8

Sebago Lake, Maine, Presumpscot River at

outlet of......................... 46-47

Sebasticook River at Pittsfield, Maine........ 37-38

Second-foot, definition of.................... 8

Second-foot per squaremile, definitionof..... 8

Sip Pond Brook near Winchendon, Mass.... 77-79

Souhegan River at Merrimack, N. H........ 55-56

South Paris, Maine, Little Androseoggin

Rivernear....................... 44-45

Spier Falls, N. Y., Hudson River at....... 118-119

Stage-discharge relation, definition of........ 8

Stevens, G. C., work of...................... 21
INDEX. 163

Stevens continuous water-stage reeorder,plate

showing......................... 9

Sudbury River basin nearFramingham, Mass 58-59 

Sunderland, Mass., Connecticut River at.... 65-67

Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y...... 146-147

_ Susquehanna River basin, gaging-station

records in..................... 146-151

Swift River at West Ware, Mass............ 91-93

T. 

Terms, definitions of........................ 8

Thurman, N. Y., Hudson River at........ 116-117

Tully River, East Branch of, near Athol,

Mass............................ 83-85

U. 

Union River, West Branch of, at Amherst,

Maine........................... 16-17

V.

Van Buren, Maine, St. John River at....... 12-13

Vermont, cooperation by.................... 11

Vischer Ferry dam, N. Y., Mohawk River

at............................. 135-136

W.

Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass.......... 89-90

Water-stage recorders, plate showing.......'. 9

Well defined, meaning of.................... 10

Wendell Depot, Mass., Moss Brook at........ 85-87

West Brimfleld, Mass., Quaboag River at... 94-96 

West Enfleld, Maine, Penobscot River at..... 21-23

West Hartford, Vt., White River at.......... 69-71

West Ware, Mass., Swift River at........... 91-93

Westfleld, Mass., Borden Brook near....... 104-105

Westfleld Little River near Westfleld, Mass 102-103 

Westfleld River at Knightville, Mass......... 96-98

near Westfleld, Mass................... 98-100

Middle Branch of, at Goss Heights,

Mass.......................... 100-102

White River at West Hartford, Vt........... 69-71

Whitneyville, Maine,Machias River at...... 14-15

Winchendon, Mass., Millers River near....... 73-75

Priest Brook near........................ 79-81

Sip Pond Brook near.................... 77-79

Work, divisionof............................ 11-12

Z.

Zero flow, definition of.
STKEAM-GAGING STATIONS

AND

PUBLICATIONS KELATING TO WATEK KESOUKCES

PART I. NORTH ATLANTIC SLOPE BASINS
STREAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS 

RELATING TO WATER RESOURCES.

PART I. NORTH ATLANTIC SLOPE BASINS.

INTRODUCTION.

Investigation of water resources by the United States Geological 

Survey has consisted in large part of measurements of the volume 

of flow of streams and studies of the conditions affecting that flow, 

but it has comprised also investigation of such closely allied subjects 

as irrigation, water storage, water powers, underground waters, and 

quality of waters. Most of the results of these investigations have 

been published in the series of water-supply papers, but some have 

appeared in the bulletins, professional papers, monographs, and 

annual reports.

The results of stream-flow measurements are now published annually in 12 parts, each part covering an area whose boundaries 

coincide with natural drainage features as indicated below.

PART I. North Atlantic slope basins.

II. South Atlantic slope and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.

III. Ohio River basin.

IV. St. Lawrence River basin.

V. Upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay basins.

VI. Missouri River basin.

VII. Lower Mississippi River basin.

VIII. Western Gulf of Mexico basins.

I.. Colorado River basin.

X. Great Basin.

XI. Pacific slope basins in California. 

XII. North Pacific slope basins, in three volumes:

A, Pacific slope basins in Washington and upper Columbia River basin.

B, Snake River basin.

C, Lower Columbia River basin and Pacific slope basins in Oregon.

This appendix contains, in addition to the list of gaging stations 

and the annotated list of publications relating specifically to the 

section, a similar list of reports that are of general interest in many 

sections and cover a wide range of hydrologic subjects; also brief 

references to reports published by State and other organizations 

(p. xxm).

HOW GOVERNMENT REPORTS MAY BE OBTAINED OR CONSULTED.

Water-supply papers and other publications of the United States 

Geological Survey containing data in regard to the water resources 

of the United States may be obtained or consulted as indicated below.

in
IV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

1. Copies may be obtained free of charge by applying to the Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. The edition printed 

for free distribution is, however, small and is soon exhausted.

2. Copies may be purchased at nominal cost from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, 

D. C., who will on application furnish lists giving prices.

3. Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries or the principal cities in the United States.

4. Complete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 

of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey as follows: 

Boston, Mass., 2500 Customhouse. 

Albany, N. Y., 704 Journal Building. 

Atlanta, Ga., Post Office Building. 

Madison, Wis., c/o Railroad Commission of Wisconsin. 

Topeka, Kans., 25 Federal Building. 

Austin, Tex., Capitol Building. 

Helena, Mont., Montana National Bank Building. 

Denver, Colo., 403 New Post Office Building. 

Tucson, Ariz., University of Arizona. 

Salt Lake City, Utah, 421 Federal Building. 

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building. 

Tacoma, Wash., 406 Federal Building. 

Portland, Oreg., 606 Post Office Building. 

San Francisco, Cal., 328 Customhouse. 

Los Angeles, Cal., 619 Federal Building. 

Honolulu, Hawaii, 14 Capitol Building.

A list of the Geological Survey's publications may be obtained by 

applying to the Director, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D. C.

STREAM-FLOW BEPOBTS.

Stream-flow records have been obtained at more than 4,240 points 

in the United States, and the data obtained have been published in 

the reports indicated in the following table:

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[A= Annual Report; B= Bulletin; W= Water-Supply Paper-1

Report.

10th A, pt.2. ..........

llth AJ pt.2. ..........

12th A, pt.2... ........

13th A, pt.3... ........

14th A, pt.2...........

B 131.... ....... ........

16th A. pt.2. ..........

B 140.... ...............

Character of data.

....do..........................................................

discharge (also many data covering earlier years).

Year.

1884 to Sept.,

1890. 

1884 to June 30,

1891. 

1884 to Dec. 31,

1892. 

1888 to Dee. 31,

1893. 

1893 and 1894.

1895.
STKEAM-GAGING STATIONS AND PUBLICATIONS. V

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey Continued.

Report.

Wll. ..................

18th A, pt. 4. ..........

W15. ... ............

W16........ ...........

19th A, pt. 4. ..........

W27........ ...........

W28.... ..... .. ..

20thA.pt. 4.. .........

W 35 to 39.. ............

21st A. pt. 4...... ......

W47to52........ ......

22d A. pt.4. ...........

W65, 66......... .......

W75...................

W82to85.... ..........

W97tOlOO... .........

W124 to 135.... ........

W165tO 178.... ........

W 201 to 21 4.... ........

W24U0252.... ........

W261to272.... ........

W 281 to 292.... ........

W301to312. ..........

W321to332. ..........

W351to362............

W38U0394-...... .....

W401to414. ..........

W431 to 444.... ........

W451to464...... ......

Character of data.

(also similar data for some earlier years).

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River above 

£ junction with Kansas.

sissippi River below junction of Missouri and Platte, and 

western United States.

(also some long-time records).

eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River.

western United States.

.....do..........................................................

.....do.........-... .........................................

.....do........ ..................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do................. -..................---...--..-. -........-

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

....do...........-............-.....-.....--.-..-.-...-.-..-...-

.....do..........................................................

Year.

1895 and 1896.

1897.

1897.

1897.

1898.

1898.

1898.

1899.

1899.

1900.

1900.

1901.

1901.

1902.

1903.

1904.

1905.

1906.

1907-8.

1909.

1910.

1911.

1912.

1913.

1914.

1915.

1916.

1917.

NOTE No data regarding stream flow are given in the 15th and 17th annual reports.

The records at most of the stations discussed in these reports 

extend over a series of years, and miscellaneous measurements at 

many points other than regular gaging stations have been made 

each year. An index of the reports containing records obtained 

prior to 1904 has been published in Water-Supply Paper 119.

The following table gives, by years and drainage basin, the numbers of papers on surface-water supply published from 1899 to 1917. 

The data for any particular station will be found in the reports covering the years during which the station was maintained. For example, data for 1902 to 1917 for any station in the area covered by Part 

III are published in Water-Supply Papers 83, 98, 128, 169, 205, 243, 

263, 283, 303, 323, 353, 383, 403, 433, and 453 which contain records 

for the Ohio River basin for those years.
Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream me

Year.

18990.... 

19000.... 

1901......

1902......

1903......

1904......

1905......

1906......

1907-8.... 

1909......

1910......

1911......

1912......

1913......

1914......

1915...... 

1916..... 

1917.....

I

North 

Atlantic 

slope 

basins 

(St. John 

River to 

York 

River).

35 

47, h 48 

65,75 

82 

97 

n 124,0 125, 

P126 

n 165.o 166, 

P167 

n 201,0 202, 

P203 

241 

261 

281 

301 

321 

351 

381 

401 

431 

451

II

South 

Atlantic 

and 

eastern 

Gulf 

of Mexico 

basins 

(James 

River to 

the Mississippi).

635,36

48 

65,75 

682,83 

697,98 

P 126, 127

p 167, 168 

p 203, 204

242 

262 

282 

302 

322 

352 

382 

402 

432 

452

III

Ohio 

River 

basin.

36

48, i 49 

65,75 

83

68 

128

169 

205

243 

263 

283 

303 

323 

353 

383 

403 

433 

453

IV

St. 

Lawrence 

River and 

Great 

Lakes 

basins.

36 

49 

65,75 

Z82,83 

97 

129

170 

206

244 

264 

284 

304 

324 

354 

384 

404 

434 

454

V

Hudson 

Bay and 

upper 

Missis ssippi 

River 

basins.

36 

49 

fc 65, 66, 75 

fc83,85 

*98,99,mlOO 

fc 128, 130

171

207

245

265 

285 

305 

325 

355 

385 

405 

435 

455

VI

Missouri 

River 

basin.

c36,37 

49, i 50 

66,75 

84 

99 

130,? 131

172 

208

246 

266 

286 

306 

326 

356 

386 

406 

436 

456

VII

Lower 

Mississippi 

River 

basin.

37 

50 

* 65, 66, 75 

fc83,84 

fc98,99 

* 128,131

* 169, 173 

* 205,209

247

267 

287 

307 

327 

357 

387 

407 

437 

457

VIII

Western 

Gulf of 

Mexico 

basins.

37 

50 

66,75 

84 

99 

132

174 

210

248

268 

288 

308 

328 

358 

388 

408 

438 

458

IX

Color

Riv

bas

d37

6

175, * 

a Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 contained in Water Supply 

Paper 39. Tables of monthly discharge for 1899 in Twenty-first Annual Report, Part IV.

6 James River only.

c Gallatin River.

d Green and Gunnison rivers and Grand River above junction with Gunnison.

e Mohave River only.

/ Kings and Kern rivers and south Pacific slope basins.

g Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, 

wells, andirrigationin California and Utah contained in Water-Supply Paper 52. Tables 

of monthly discharge for 1900 in Twenty-second Annual Report, Part IV.

* Wissahickonand Schuylkill rivers to James River.

i Scioto River.

j Loup and Platte riv

Platte.

fc Tributaries of Missi

I Lake Ontario and tr

m Hudson Bay only, 

n New England River

o Hudson River to De

p Susquehanna River 

? Platte and Kansas R

r Great Basin in Calif

» Below junction with 

t Rogue, Umpqua, an
GAGING STATIONS. VII

In these papers and in the following lists the stations are arranged 

in downstream order. The main stem of any river is determined by 

measuring or estimating its drainage area that is, the headwater 

stream having the largest drainage area is considered the continuation of the main stream and local changes in name and lake surface 

are disregarded. All stations from the source to the mouth of the 

main stem of the river are presented first, and the tributaries in regular order from source to mouth follow, the streams in each tributary 

basin being listed before those of the next basin below.

In exception to this rule the records for Mississippi River are given 

in four parts, as indicated on page in, and the records for large lakes 

are taken up in order of streams around the rim of the lake.

PRINCIPAL STREAMS.

The principal streams flowing into the Atlantic Ocean between St. 

John River, Maine-New Brunswick, and York River, Virginia, are 

the St. Croix, Machias, Union, Penobscot, Kennebec, Androscoggin, 

Saco, Merrimack, Mystic, Blackstone, Connecticut, Hudson, Delaware, 

Susquehanna, Potomac, and Rappahannock. The streams drain 

wholly or in part the States of Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New Hampshire, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia.

GAGING STATIONS. 1

NOTE. Dash after date Indicates that station was being maintained September 30,1917. Period after a 

date indicates discontinuance.

ST. JOHN RIVER BASIN.

St. John River near Dickey, Maine, 1910-11. 

St. John River at Fort Kent, Maine, 1905-1915. 

St. John River at Van Buren, Maine, 1908-

Allagash River near Allagash, Maine, 1910-11.

St. Francis River at St. Francis, Maine, 1910-11.

Fish River at Wallagrass, Maine, 1903-1908; 1911.

Madawaska River at St. Rose du Degele, Quebec, 1910-11.

Aroostook River at Fort Fairneld, Maine, 1903-1910.

ST. CROIX RIVER BASIN.

St. Croix River near Woodland (Spragues Falls), Maine, 1902-1911. 

St. Croix River at Baring, Maine, 1914.

West Branch of St. Croix River at Baileyville, Maine, 1910-1912.

MACHIAS RIVER BASIN.

Machias River at Whitney, Maine, 1903-

1 St. John River to York River, inclusive.
VIII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

UNION RTVEE BASIN.

Union River, West Branch (head of Union River), at Amherst, Maine, 1909- 

Union River, West Branch, near Mariaville, Maine, 1909. 

Union River at Ellsworth, Maine, 1909.

East Branch of Union River near Waltham, Maine, 1909.

Webb Brook at Waltham, Maine, 1909.

Green Lake (head of Reeds Brook) at Green Lake, Maine, 1909-1912.

Reeds Brook [Green Lake Stream] at Lakewood, Maine, 1909-1913.

Branch Lake (head of Branch Lake Stream) near Ellsworth, Maine, 1909-1915.

Branch Lake Stream near Ellsworth, Maine, 1909-1914.

PENOBSCOT RIVER BASIN.

Penobscot River, West Branch (head of Penobscot River), at Millinocket, Maine, 1901- 

Penobscot River, West Branch, near Medway, Maine, 1916- 

Penobscot River at West Enfield, Maine, 1901- 

Penobscot River at Sunkhaze rips, near Costigan, Maine, 1899-1900. 

East Branch of Penobscot River at Grand Lake dam, Maine, 1912. 

East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Maine, 1902- 

Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine, 1902- 

Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine, 1902- 

Passadumkeag River at Lowell, Maine, 1915-

Cold Stream Pond (head of Cold Stream), Maine, 1900-1911 (record of opening

and closing of pond).

Cold Stream at Enfield, Maine, 1904-1906. 

Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine, 1908- 

Orland River:

Phillips Lake outlet near East Holden, Maine, 1904-1908.

ST. GEORGE RIVER BASIN.

St. George River at Union, Maine, 1913-14.

KENNEBEC RIVER BASIN.

Moose River (head of Kennebec River) near Rockwood, Maine, 1902-1908; 1910-1912. 

Moosehead Lake (on Kennebec River) at Greenville, Maine, 1903-1906 (stage only). 

Moosehead Lake at east outlet, Maine (stage only), 1895- 

Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine, 1901- 

Kennebee River at Bingham, Maine, 1907-1910. 

Kennebec River at North Arisen, Maine, 1901-1907. 

Kennebec River at Waterville, Maine, 1892-1916.

Kennebec River at Gardiner, Maine, 1785-1910 (record of opening and closing of 

navigation).

Roach River at Roach River, Maine, 1901-1908.

Dead River near The Forks, Maine, 1901-1907; 1910-

Carrabassett River at North Anson, Maine, 1901-1907.

Sandy River near Farmington, Maine, 1910-1915.

Sandy River near Madison, Maine, 1904-1908.

Sebasticook River at Pittsfield, Maine, 1908-

Messalonskee Stream at Waterville, Maine, 1903-1905.

Cobbosseecontee Lake (on Cobbosseecontee Stream), Maine, 1839-1911 (dates of 

opening and closing).

Cobbosseecontee Stream at Gardiner, Maine, 1890-1915.
GAGING STATIONS. IX

ANDROSCOGGIN RIVER BASIN.

Rangeley Lake (head of Androscoggin River), Maine, 1879-1911 (dates of opening

and closing).

Androscoggin River at Errol dam, N. H., 1905- 

Androscoggin River at Berlin, N. H., 1913- 

Androscoggin River at Gorham, N. H., 1903 (fragmentary). 

Androscoggin River at Shelburne, N. H., 1903-1907; 1910. 

Androscoggin River at Rumford Falls, Maine, 1892-1903; 1905- 

Androscoggin River at Dixfield, Maine, 1902-1908.

Magalloway River at Aziscohos dam, Maine, 1912-

Auburn Lake, Maine, 1890-1911 (date of opening).

Little Androscoggin River at Bisco Falls, near South Paris, Maine, 1913-

PRESUMPSCOT RIVER BASIN.

Presumpscot River at outlet of Sebago Lake, Maine, 1887-

SACO RIVER BASIN. ,

Saco River near Center Conway, N. H., 1903-1912. 

Saco River at Cornish, Maine, 1916- 

Saco River at West Buxton, Maine, 1907- 

Ossipee River at Cornish, Maine, 1916-

MERRIMACK RIVER BASIN.

Pemigewasset River (head of Merrimack River) at Plymouth, N. H., 1886-1913. 

Merrimack River at Franklin Junction, N. H., 1903- 

Merrimack River at Garvins Falls, N. H., 1904-1915. 

Merrimack River at Lowell, Mass., 1848-1861; 1866-1916. 

Merrimack River at Lawrence, Mass., 1880-

Middle Branch of Pemigewasset River at North Woodstock, N. H., 1911-12.

Lake Winnepesaukee at Lakeport, N. H., 1860-1911. (Stage only.)

Contoocook River at West Hopkinton, N. H., 1903-1907.

Suncook River at East Pembroke, N. H., 1904-5.

Souhegan River at Merrimack, N. H., 1909-

Nashua River:

South Branch of Nashua River, Clinton, Mass., 1896-

Concord River at Lowell, Mass., 1901-1916.

Sudbury River at Framingham, Mass., 1875- 

Lake Cochituate at Cochituate, Mass., 1863-

MYSTIC RIVER BASIN.

Mystic Lake (on Mystic River) near Boston, Mass., 1878-1897.

CHARLES RIVER BASIN.

Charles River at Waltham, Mass., 1903-1909.

TAUNTON RIVER BASIN.

Matfield River (head of Taunton River) at Elmwood, Mass., 1909-10. 

Satucket River near Elmwood, Mass., 1909/-10.
X SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

PROVIDENCE EIVEE BASIN.

Providence River: 

Seekonk River:

Tenmile River near Rumford, R. I., 1909. 

Blackstone River at Woonsocket, R. I., 1904-5. 

Blackstone River at Albion, R. I., 1914- 

Blackstone River at Berkeley, R. I., 1901-2.

Branch River at Branch Village, R. I., 1909-10; 1912-13. 

Woonasquatucket River at Olneyville, R. I., 1910

PAWTUXET EIVEE BASIN.

Pawtuxet River at Harris, R. I., 1909.

PAWCATUCK EIVEE BASIN.

Pawcatuck River:

Wood River at Hope Valley, R. I., 1909-10.

THAMES EIVEE BASIN.

Thames River:

Quinebaug River:

Shetucket River at Willimantic, Conn., 1904-5.

CONNECTICUT EIVEE BASIN.

Connecticut River at First Lake, near Pittsburg, N. H., 1917- 

Connecticut River at Orford, N. H., 1900- 

Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass., 1904- 

Connecticut River at Holyoke, Mass., 1880-1899. 

Connecticut River at Hartford, Conn., 1896-1908.

Israel River above South Branch, near Jefferson Highlands, N. H., 1903-1906. 

Israel River below South Branch, at Jefferson Highlands, N. H., 1903-1907. 

Passumpsic River at Pierce's Mills, near St. Johnsbury, Vt., 1909- 

Passumpsic River at St. Johnsbury Center, Vt., 1903. 

Ammonoosuc River at Bretton Woods, N. H., 1903-1907.

Zealand River near Twin Mountains, N. H., 1903-1907.

Little River at Twin Mountain, N. H., 1904-5. 

White River at Sharon, Vt., 1903-4; 1909-1913. 

White River at West Hartford, Vt., 1915- 

Ashuelot River at Winchester, N. H., 1903-4. 

Ashuelot River at Hinsdale, N. H., 1907-1909; 1914- 

Millers River at Wendell Depot, Mass., 1909-1913. 

Millers River near Winchenden, Mass., 1916- 

Millers River at Erving, Mass., 1914-

Sip Pond Brook near Winchenden, Mass., 1916-

Priest Brook near Winchenden, Mass., 1916-

Otter River near Gardner, Mass., 1916-17.

East Branch Tully River near Athol, Mass., 1916-

Moss Brook at Wendell Depot, Mass., 1909-10; 1916- 

Deerfield River at Hoosac Tunnel, Mass., 1909-1913. 

Deerfield River at Charlemont, Mass., 1913- 

Deerfield River at Shelburne Falls, Mass., 1907-1913. 

Deerfield River at Deerfield, Mass., 1904-5. 

Ware River (head of Chicopee River) at Ware, Mass., 1904-1911. 

Ware River at Gibbs Crossing, Mass., 1912-

Burnshirt River near Templeton, Mass., 1909.

Swift River at West Ware, Mass., 1910-

Quaboag River at West Warren, Mass., 1903-1907.

Quaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass., 1909-
GAGING STATIONS, XI

Connecticut River tributaries Continued.

Westfield River at Knightville, Mass., 1909-

Westfield River at Russell, Mass., 1904-5.

Westfield River near Westfield, Mass., 1914-

Middle Branch of Westfield River at Goss Heights, Mass., 1910- 

West Branch of Westfield River at Chester, Mass., 1915. 

Westfield Little River near Westfield, Mass., 1905- 

Borden Brook near Westfield, Mass., 1910-

Farmington River near New Boston, Mass., 1913-

Salnlon River at Leesville, Conn., 1905-6.

HOUSATONIC RIVER BASIN.

Housatonic River near Great Barrington, Mass., 1913- 

Housatonic River at Falls Village, Conn., 1912- 

Housatonic River at Gaylordsville, Conn., 1900-1914.

Tenmile River at Dover Plains, N. Y., 1901-1903.

Pomperaug River at Bennetts Bridge, Conn., 1913-1916.

MIANUS RIVEE BASIN.

Mianus River at Bedford, N. Y., 1903. 

Mianus River near Stamford, Conn., 1903.

BYRAM RIVER BASIN.

Byram River, West Branch (head of Byram River), near Port Chester, N. Y., 1903. 

Byram River at Pemberwick, Conn., 1903.

East Branch of Byram River near Greenwich, Conn., 1903.

Middle Branch of Byram River near Riverville, Conn., 1903.

HUDSON RIVEE BASIN.

Hudson River near Indian Lake, N. Y., 1916- 

Hudson River at North Creek, N. Y., 1907- 

Hudson River at Thurman, N. Y., 1907- 

Hudson River at Corinth, N. Y., 1904-1912. 

Hudson River at Spier Falls, N. Y., 1912- 

Hudson River at Fort Edward, N. Y., 1899-1908. 

Hudson River at Mechanicville, N. Y., 1890-

Cedar River near Indian Lake, N. Y., 1911-

Indian Lake reservoir near Indian Lake, N. Y., 1900-

Indian River near Indian Lake, N. Y., 1912-1914; 1915-

Schroon Lake (on Schroon River) at Pottersville, N. Y., 1908-1911.

Schroon River at Riverbank, N. Y., 1907-

Schroon River at Warrensburg, N. Y., 1895-1902.

Sacandaga River at Wells, N. Y., 1907-1911.

Sacandaga River near Hope, N. Y., 1911-

Sacandaga River at Northville, N. Y., 1907-1910.

Sacandaga River near Hadley, N. Y., 1907-1910.

Sacandaga River (at cable) at Hadley, N. Y., 1911-

Sacandaga River at Union Bag & Paper Co.'s mill at Hadley, N. Y., 1909-1911. 

West Branch of Sacandaga River at Whitehouse, N. Y., 1910. 

West Branch of Sacandaga River at Blackbridge, near Wells, N. Y., 1911-1916.

Batten Kill at Battenville, N. Y., 1908.

Fish Creek at Burgoyne, N. Y., 1905; 1908.

Hoosic River near Eagle Bridge, N. Y., 1910-
XII SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 191*7, PART I.

Hudson River tributaries Continued.

Hoosic River at Buskirk, N. Y., 1903-1908.

Mohawk River at Ridge Mills, near Rome, N. Y., 1898-1900.

Mohawk River at Utica, N. Y., 1901-1903.

Mohawk River at Little Falls, N. Y., 1898-1909; 1912.

Mohawk River at Rocky Rift dam, near Indian Castle, N. Y., 1901.

Mohawk River at Tribes Hill, N. Y., 1912.

Mohawk River at Schenectady, N. Y., 1899-1901.

Mohawk River at Rexford Flats, N. Y., 1898-1901.

Mohawk River at Vischer Ferry dam, N. Y., 1913-

Mohawk River at Dunsbach Ferry, N. Y., 1898-1909.

Ninemile Creek at Stittville, N. Y., 1898-99.

Oriskany Creek at Coleman, N. Y., 1904-1906.

Oriskany Creek at Wood-road bridge, near Oriskany, N. Y., 1901-1904.

Oriskany Creek at State dam, near Oriskany, N. Y., 1898-1900.

Saquoit Creek at New York Mills, N. Y., 1898-1900.

Nail Creek at Utica, N. Y., 1904.

Reels Creek near Deerfield, N. Y., 1901-1904.

Reels Creek at Utica, N. Y., 1901-2.

Johnson Brook at Deerfield, N. Y., 1903-1905.

Starch Factory Creek at New Hartford, N. Y., 1903-1906. 

Graefenberg Creek at New Hartford, N. Y., 1903-1906. 

Sylvan Glen Creek at New Hartford, N. Y., 1903-1906.

West Canada Creek at Wilmurt,N. Y., 1912-13.

West Canada Creek at Twin Rock bridge, near Trenton Falls, N. Y., 1900-1909.

West Canada Creek at Poland, N. Y., 1913.

West Canada Creek at Middleville, N. Y., 1898-1901.

West Canada Creek at Kast Bridge, N. Y., 1905-1909; 1912-13.

East Canada Creek at Dolgeville, N. Y., 1898-1909; 1912.

Caroga Creek 3 miles above junction with Mohawk River, N. Y., 1898-99.

Cayadutta Creek at Johnstown, N. Y., 1899-1900.

Schoharie Creek at Prattsville, N. Y., 1902-1913.

Schoharie Creek at Schoharie Falls, above Mill Point, N. Y., 1900-1901.

Schoharie Creek at Mill Point, N. Y., 1900-1903.

Schoharie Creek at Fort Hunter, N. Y., 1898-1901.

Schoharie Creek at Erie Canal aqueduct, below Fort Hunter, N. Y., 1900.

Alplaus Kill near Charlton, N. Y., 1913-1916. 

Quacken Kill at Quacken Kill, N. Y., 1894. 

Normans Kill at Frenchs Mill, N. Y., 1891.

Kinderhook Creek at Wilsons dam, near Garfield, N. Y., 1892-1894. 

Kinderhook Creek at East Nassau, N. Y., 1892-1894. 

Kinderhook Creek at Rossman, N. Y., 1906-1909; 1911-1914. 

Catskill Creek at South Cairo, N. Y., 1901-1907. 

Esopus Creek at Olivebridge, N. Y., 1903-4. 

Esopus Creek near Olivebridge, N. Y., 1906-1913. 

Esopus Creek at Kingston, N. Y., 1901-1909. 

Esopus Creek at Mount Marion, N. Y., 1907-1913. 

Roundout Creek at Rosendale, N. Y., 1901-1903; 1906-1913.

Diversion to Delaware and Hudson Canal at Rosendale, N. Y., 1901-1903, 

1906.

Wallkill River at Newpaltz, N. Y., 1901-1903. 

Wappinger Creek at Wappinger Falls, N. Y., 1903-1905. 

FishkiU Creek at Glenham, N. Y., 1901-1903. 

Foundry Brook at Cold Spring, N. Y., 1902-3. 

Croton River at Croton dam, near Croton Lake, N. Y., 1870-1899.
GAGING STATIONS. XIII

PASSAIC KIVEK BASIN.

Passaic River at Millington, N. J., 1903-1906. 

Passaic River near Chathan, N. J., 1902-1911. 

Passaic River at Two Bridges (Mountain View), N. J., 1901-1903. 

Rockaway River at Boonton, N. J., 1903-4. 

Pompton River at Pompton Plains, N. J., 1903-4. 

Pompton River at Two Bridges (Mountain View), N. J., 1901-1903. 

Ramapo River near Mahwah, N. J., 1903-1906; 1908. 

Wanaque River at Wanaque, N. J., 1903-1905. .

RARITAN RIVER BASIN.

Raritan River, South Branch (head of Raritan River), at Stanton, N. J., 1903-1906. 

Raritan River at Finderne, N. J., 1903-1907. 

Raritan River at Boundbrook, N. J., 1903-1909.

North Branch of Raritan River at Pluckemin, N. J., 1903-1906.

Millstone River at Millstone, N. J., 1903-4.

DELAWARE RIVER BASIN.

Delaware River, East Branch (head of Delaware River) at Fish Eddy, N. Y., 1912- 

Delaware River, East Branch, at Hancock, N. Y., 1902-1912. 

Delaware River at Port Jervis, N. Y., 1904- 

Delaware River at Riegelsville, N. J., 1906- 

Delaware River at Lambertville, N. J., 1897-1908.

Beaver Kill at Cooks Falls, N. Y., 1913-

West Branch of Delaware River at Hale Eddy, N. Y., 1912-

West Branch of Delaware River at Hancock, N. Y., 1902-1912.

Mongaup River near Rio, N. Y., 1909-1913.

Neversink River at Godeffroy, N. Y., 1903; 1909-10; 1911-1914.

Neversink River at Port Jervis, N. Y., 1902-3.

Paulins Kill at Columbia, N. J., 1908-9.

Lehigh River at South Bethlehem, Pa., 1902-1905; 1909-1913.

Lehigh River at Easton, Pa., 1909.

Musconetcong River at Asbury, N. J., 1903.

Musconetcong River near Bloomsbury, N. J., 1903-1907.

Tohickon Creek at Point Pleasant,'Pa., 1883-1889; 1901-1913.

Neshaminy Creek below Forks, Pa., 1884-1913.

Schuylkill River near Philadelphia, Pa., 1898-1912. 

Perkiomen Creek near Frederick, Pa., 1884-1913. 

Wissahickon Creek near Philadelphia, Pa., 1897-1902; 1905-6.

SUSQUEHANNA RIVER BASIN.

Susquehanna River at Colliersville, N. Y., 1907-8. 

Susquehanna River at Conklin, N. Y., 1912- 

Susquehanna River at Binghamton, N. Y., 1901-1912. 

Susquehanna River at Wysox, Pa., 1908-9. 

Susquehanna River at Wilkes-Barre, Pa., 1899-1913. 

Susquehanna River at Danville, Pa., 1899-1913. 

Susquehanna River at Harrisburg, Pa., 1891-1913. 

Susquehanna River at McCall Ferry, Pa., 1902-1909.

Chenango River at South Oxford, N. Y., 1903.

Chenango River near Greene, N. Y., 1908.

Chenango River near Chenango Forks, N. Y., 1912- 

101860° 20 WSP 451 12
XIV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Susquehanna River tributaries Continued.

Chenango River at Binghamton, N. Y., 1901-1912. 

Eaton Brook, Madison County, N. Y., 1835. 

Madison Brook, Madison County, N. Y., 1835. 

Tioughnioga River at Chenango Forks, N. Y., 1903. 

Cayuta Creek at Waverly, N. Y., 1898-1902. (Data in Water-Supply Paper 109

only.)

Chemung River at Chemung, N. Y., 1903- (Data for period prior to 1905 published in Water-Supply Paper 109.)

West Branch of Susquehanna River at Williamsport, Pa., 1895-1913. 

West Branch of Susquehanna River at Allenwood, Pa., 1899-1902. 

Juniata River at Newport, Pa., 1899-1913. 

Broad Creek at Mill Green, Md., 1905-1909. 

Octoraro Creek at Rowlandsville, Md., 1896-1899. 

Deer Creek near Churchville, Md., 1905-1909.

GUNPOWDER RIVER BASIN.

Gunpowder Falls at Glencoe, Md., 1905-1909.

Little Gunpowder Falls near Belair, Md., 1905-1909.

PATAPSCO RIVER BASIN.

Patapsco River at Woodstock, Md., 1896-1909.

PATUXENT RIVER BASIN.

Patuxent River near Burtonsville, Md., 1911-12; 1913- 

Patuxent River at Laurel, Md., 1896-1898.

POTOMAC RIVER BASIN.

Potomac River North Branch (head of Potomac River), at Piedmont, W. Va., 1899-

1906.

Potomac River, North Branch, at Cumberland, Md., 1894-1897. 

Potomac River at Great Cacapon, W. Va., 1895. 

Potomac River at Point of Rocks, Md., 1895- i 

Potomac River at Great Falls, Md., 1886-1891. 

Potomac River at Chain Bridge, near Washington, D. C., 1892-1895. 

Savage River at Bloomington, Md., 1905-6. 

Georges Creek at Westernport, Md., 1905-6. 

Wills Creek near Cumberland, Md., 1905-6.

South Branch of Potomac River near Springfield, W. Va., 1894-1896; 1899-1906. 

Opequan Creek near Martinsburg, W. Va., 1905-6. 

Tuscarora Creek at Martinsburg, W. Va., 1905. 

Antietam Creek near Sharpsburg, Md., 1897-1905. 

North River (head of South Fork of Shenandoah River, which is continuation of

main stream) at Port Republic, Va., 1895-1899.

South Fork of Shenandoah River near Front Royal, Va., 1899-1906. - 

Shenandoah River at Millville, W. Va., 1895-1909. 

Cooks Creek at Mount Crawford, Va., 1905-6. 

Middle River:

Lewis Creek near Staunton, Va., 1905-6. 

South River at Basic City, Va., 1905-6. 

South River at Port Republic, Va., 1895-1899. 

Elk Run at Elkton, Va., 1905-6. 

Hawksbill Creek near Luray, Va., 1905-6. 

North Fork of Shenandoah River near Riverton, Va., 1899-1906.
GAGING STATIONS. XV

Potomac River tributaries Continued. 

Passage Creek at Buckton, Va., 1905-6. 

Monocacy River near Frederick, Md., 1896- 

Goose Creek near Leesburg, Va., 1909-1912. 

Rock Creek at Zoological Park, B.C., 1897-1900. 

Rock Creek at Lyons Mill, B.C., 1892-1894. 

Occoquan Creek near Occoquan, Va., 1913-1916.

RAPPAHANNOCK RIVER BASIN.

Rappahannock River near Fredericksburg, Va., 1907-
REPORTS ON WATER BE SOURCES OF NORTH ATLANTIC COAST. 1 

PUBLICATIONS OF UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS.

Water-supply papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk 

(*) indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked in this way may, however, 

be purchased (at price noted) from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Omission of the price indicates that the report is not obtainable from Government sources. Water-supply 

papers are of octavo size.

*24. Water resources of the State of New York, Part I, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 99 

pp., 13 pis. 15c.

Describes the principal rivers of New York and their more important tributaries, and gives 

data on temperature precipitation evaporation and stream flow.

*25. Water resources of the State of New York, Part II, by G.W. Rafter. 1899. 100 

pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Contains discussion of water-storage projects on Genesee and Hudson rivers, power development at Niagara Falls, descriptions and early history of State canals, and a chapter on the use 

and value of the water power of the streams and canals; also brief discussion of the water yields 

of sand areas of Long Island.

*44. Profiles of rivers in the United States, by Henry Gannett. 1901. 100 pp., 11 

pis. 15c.

Giveselevations and distances alongrivers of the United States also brief descriptions of many 

of the streams, including St. Croix, Penobscot, Kennebec, Androscoggin, Saco, Merrimack, 

Connecticut, Housatonic, Hudson, Mohawk, Delaware, Lehigh, Schuylkill, Susquehanna, 

Juniata, Potomac, and James rivers.

*57. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part I (Alabama-Montana), 

by N. H. Darton. 1902. 60 pp. (See No. 149.) 5c.

*61. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, Part II (NebraskaWyoming), by N. H. Darton. 1902. 67 pp. 5c.

Nos. 57 and 61 contain information as to depth, diameter, yield, and head of water in borings 

more than 400 feet deep; under head "Remarks" give information concerning temperature, 

quality of water, purposes of boring, etc. The lists are arranged by States, and the States are 

arranged alphabetically. Revised edition published in 1905 as Water-Supply Paper 149 (q. v.).

*69. Water powers of the State of Maine, by H. A. Pressey. 1902. 124 pp., 14 pis. 

20c.

Discusses briefly the geology and forests of Maine and in somewhat greater detail the drainage 

areas, lake storage, and water powers of the St. Croix, Penobscot, Kennebec, Androscoggin, 

Presumpscot, Saco, and St. Johnrivers, and the minor coastal streams; mentions also developed 

tidal powers.

72. Sewage pollution in the metropolitan area near New York City and its effect on 

inland water resources, by M. O. Leighton. 1902. 75 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Defines "normal" and "polluted" waters and discusses the water of Raritan, Passaic, and 

Hudson rivers and their tributaries and the damage resulting from pollution.

76. Observations on the flow of rivers in the vicinity of New York City, by H. A. 

Pressey. 1903. 108 pp., 13 pis. 15c.

Describes methods of measuring stream flow in open channels and under ice, and the quality 

of the river water as determined by tests of turbidity, color, alkalinity, and permanent hardness. The streams considered are Catskill, Esopus, Rondout, and Fishkill creeks, and Wallkill, 

Tenmile, and Housatonic rivers.

79. Normal and polluted waters in northeastern United States, by M. O. Leighton. 

1903. 192 pp. lOc.

Defines essential qualities of water for various uses, the impurities in rain, surface, and underground waters, the meaning and importance of sanitary analyses, and the'principal sources of 

pollution; chiefly "a review of the more readily available records "of examination of water supplies derived from streams in the Merrimack, Connecticut, Housatonic, Delaware, and Ohio 

River basins;contains many analyses.

1 For stream-measurement reports see tables on pages iv-v and vi.
PUBLICATIONS. XVII

88. The Passaic flood of 1902, by G. B. Hollister and M. O. Leighton. 1903. 56pp., 

15 pis. 15c.

Describes the topography of the area drained by the Passaic and its principal tributaries; 

discusses flood flow and losses caused by the floods, and makes comparison with previous floods; 

suggests construction of dam at Mountain View to control flood flow. See also No. 92.

92. The Paseaic flood of 1903, by M. O. Leighton. 1904. 48 pp., 7 pis. 5c. 

Discusses flood damages and preventive measures. See No. 88.

102. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1903; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1904. 522 pp. 30c.

Contains brief reports on the wells and springs of the New England States and New York. 

The reports comprise tabulated well records giving information as to location, owner, depth, 

yield, head, etc., supplemented by notes as to elevation above sea, material penetrated, temperature, use, and quality; many miscellaneous analyses.

*103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1904. 120 pp. Superseded by 152. 

Cites statutory restrictions of water pollution.

106. Water resources of the Philadelphia district, by Florence Bascqm. 1904. 75 

pp., 4 pis. 5c.

Describes the physiography, stratigraphic geology, rainfall, streams, ponds, springs, deep and 

artesian wells, and public water supplies of the area mapped on the Germantown, Norristown, 

Philadelphia, and Chester atlas sheets of the United States Geological Survey; compares quality 

of Delaware and SchuylMll River waters.

108. Quality of water in the Susquehanna Kiver drainage basin, by M. O. Leighton, 

with an introductory chapter on physiographic features, by G. B. Hollister. 

1904. 76 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

109. Hydrography of the Susquehanna River drainage basin, by J. C. Hoyt and R. H. 

Anderson. 1905. 215 pp., 29 pis. 25c.

The scope of No. 108 is sufficiently indicated by its title. No. 109 describes the physical features 

of the area drained by the Susquehanna and its tributaries, contains the results of measurements 

of flow at the gaging stations, and discusses precipitation, floods, low water, and water power.

110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains brief reports on water resources, surface and underground, of districts in the 

North Atlantic slope drainage basins, as shown by the following list:

Drilled wells of the Triassic area of the Connecticut Valley, by W. H. C. Pynchon.

Triassic rocks of the Connecticut Valley as a source of water supply, by M. L. Fuller. Scope 

indicated by title.

Water resources of the Taconic quadrangle, New York, Massachusetts, and Vermont, by F. B. 

Taylor. Discusses rainfall, drainage, water powers, lakes and ponds, underground waters, and 

mineral springs; also quality of spring water as indicated by chemical and sanitary analyses of 

Sand Spring, near Williamstown.

Water resources of the Watkins Glen quadrangle, New York, by Ralph S. Tarr. Discusses 

the use of the surface and underground waters for municipal supplies and their quality as indicated by examination of SixmileandFall creeks, and sanitary analyses of well water at Ithaca.

Water resources of the central and southwestern highlands of New Jersey, by Laurence La 

Forge. Treats of population, industries, climate, and soils, lakes, ponds, swamps and rivere, 

mineral springs (with analyses), water power, and the Morris Canal; present and prospective 

sources and quality of municipal supplies.

Water resources of the Chambersburg and Mercersburg quadrangles, Pennsylvania, by George 

W. Stose. Describes streams and springs.

Water resources of the Curwensville, Patton, Ebensburg, and Barnesboro quardangles, Pennsylvania, by F. G. Clapp. Treats briefly of surface and underground waters and their use for 

municipal supplies; gives analyses of waters at Cresson Springs.

Water resources of the Accident and Grantsville quadrangles, Maryland, by G. C. Martin.

Water resources of the Frostburg and Flintstone quadrangles, Maryland and West Virginia, 

byG. C Martin.
XVIII SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PAET I.

*114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 

1905. 285pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains brief reports on water supplies of the North Atlantic States as follows:

Maine, by W. S. Bayley.

New Hampshire, by M. L. Fuller.

Vermont, by G. H. Perkins.

Massachusetts and Rhode Island, by W. O. Crosby.

Connecticut, by H. E. Gregory.

New York, by F. B. Weeks.

New Jersey, by G. N. Knapp.

Pennsylvania, by M. L. Fuller.

Delaware, by N. H. Darton.

Maryland, by N. H. Darton and M. L. Fuller.

District of Columbia, by N. H. Darton and M. L. Fuller.

Virginia, by N. H. Darton and M. L. Fuller.

Each of these reports discusses the resources of the public and private water supplies and 

related subjects, and gives list of pertinent publications; mineral springs are listed and sales of 

mineral water are reported.

*122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 1905. 55 pp. 

5c. .

Cites legislative acts relating to ground waters in New Jersey.

140. Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground waters, by C. S. 

Slichter. 1905. 122 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

Contains chapter on measurement of rate of underflow on Long Island, N. Y.

144. The normal distribution of chlorine in the natural waters of New York and 

New England, by D. D. Jackson. 1905. 32 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Discusses common salt in coast and inland waters, salt as an index to pollution of streams and 

wells, the solutions and methods used in chlorine determinations, and the use of the normas 

chlorine map; gives charts and tables for chlorine in the New England States and New York.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. Lv Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp., 6 pis. lOc.

Contains several brief reports relating chiefly to areas in the North Atlantic coast drainage 

basins, as follows:

Water resources of the Portsmouth-York region, New Hampshire and Maine, by George Otis 

Smith. Gives results of investigations made for the War Department to determine water supplies available for forts at mouth of harbor.

Water supply from glacial gravels near Augusta, Maine, by George Otis Smith. Describes 

the Silver Lake system of ponds near Augusta and the series of springs at the head of Spring 

Brook.

Water resources of the Pawpaw and Hancock quadrangles, West Virginia, Maryland, and 

Pennsylvania, by George W. Stose and George C. Martin. Describes rocks, springs, and streams 

in the area at the northernmost bend of the Potomac; discusses history of development, character 

of water (with analysis), flow, and origin of Berkeley Springs.

Water of a gravel-filled valley near Tully, N. Y., by George B. Hollister. Describes character 

of the sands and gravels, the volume of the springs issuing from them, deposits of tufa, the waters 

of the lakes, and the composition of the spring and lake waters; analyses.

147. Destructive floods in United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy and others. 206 

pp., 18 pis. 15c.

Describes floods on Susquehanna and Mohawk rivers and near Johnstown, Pa.

*149. Preliminary list of deep borings in the United States, second edition, with additions, by N. H. Darton. 1905. 175 pp. lOc.

Gives by States (and within the States by counties), location, depth, diameter, yield, height 

of water, and other available information, concerning wells 400 feet or more in depth; includes 

all wells listed in Water-Supply Papers 57 and 61; mentions also principal publications relating 

to deep borings.

*152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States 

(second edition), by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149pp. lOc. 

Cites statutory restrictions of water pollution.

*155. Fluctuations of the water level in wells, with special reference to Long Island, 

New York, by A. C.Veatch. 1906. 83 pp., 9 pis. 25c.

Includes general discussion of fluctuation due to rainfall evaporation, barometric changes, 

temperature changes, changes in rivers, changes in lake level, tidal changes, effects of settlement, 

irrigation, dams, underground-water developments, and to indeterminate causes.
PUBLICATIONS. XIX

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with, a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp.,4 pis. 15c.

Contains accounts of floods in North Atlantic slope drainage basins as follows: Flood on 

Poquonnock River, Connecticut, by T. W. Norcross; flood on thellnadilla and Chenango rivers, 

New York, by R. E. Horton and C. C. Covert; also estimates of flood discharge and frequency 

on Kennebec, Androscoggin, Merrimack, Connecticut, Hudson, Passaic, Raritan, Delaware, 

Susquehanna, and Potomac rivers; gives index to literature on floods on American streams.

*185. Investigations on the purification of Boston sewage, with a history of the sewagedisposal problem, by C.-E. A. Winslow and E. B. Phelps. 1906. 163 pp. 

25c.

Discusses composition, disposal, purification, and treatment of sewage and sewage-disposal 

practice in England, Germany, and the United States; describes character of crude sewage at 

Boston, removal of suspended matter, treatment in septic tanks, and purification in intermittent sand filtration and coarse material; gives bibliography.

*192. The Potomac River basin (Geographic history; Rainfall and stream flow; Pollution, typhoid fever, and character of water; Relation of soils and forest 

cover to quality and quantity of surface water; Effect of industrial wastes 

on fishes), by H. N. Parker, Bailey Willis, R. H. Bolster, W. W. Ashe, and 

M. C. Marsh. 1907. 364pp., lOpls. 60c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*198. Water resources of the Kennebec River basin, Maine, by H. K. Barrows, with a 

section on the quality of Kennebec River water, by G. C. Whipple. 1907. 

235 pp., 7 pis. 30c.

Describes physical characteristics and geology of the basin, the flow of the streams, evaporation, floods, developed and undeveloped water powers, water storage, log driving, and lumbering; under quality of water discusses effect of tides, pollution, and the epidemic of typhoid 

fever in 1902-3; contains gazetteer of rivers, lakes, and ponds.

*223. Underground waters of southern Maine, by F. G. Clapp, with records of deepwells, by W. S. Bayley. 1909. 268 pp., 24 pis. 55c.

Describes physiography, rivers, water-bearing rocks, amount, source, and temperature of the 

ground waters, recovery of waters by springs, collecting galleries and tunnels, and wells; discusses weltdrilling methods, municipal water supplies, and the chemical composition of the 

ground waters; gives details for each county.

232. Underground-water resources of Connecticut, by H. E. Gregory, with a study of 

the occurrence of water in crystalline rocks, by E. E. Ellis. 1909. 200 pp., 

5 pis. 20c.

Describes physiographic features, drainage, forests, climate, population and industries, and 

rocks; circulation, amount, temperature, and contamination of ground water; discusses the 

ground waters of the crystalline rocks, the Triassic sandstones and traps, and the glacial drift; the 

quality of the ground waters (with analyses); well construction; temperature, volume, character, 

uses, and production of spring waters.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States, Part I, Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc.

Describes collection of samples, method of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy of 

estimates, and expression of analytical results; gives results of analyses of waters of Androscoggin, 

Hudson, Raritan, Delaware, Susquehanna, Lehigh, Potomac, and Shenandoah rivers.

*258. Underground-water papers, 1910, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, G. C. Matson, 

Samuel Sanford, and H. C. Wolff. 1911. 123 pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains four brief reports pertaining especially to districts in the North Atlantic coast drainage areas:

Occurrence and composition of well waters in the slates of Maine, by F. G. Clapp. Analyses.

Occurrence and composition of well waters in the granites of New England, by F. G. Clapp

Discusses proportion of successful wells and water supply and depth. Analyses.

Composition of mineral springs in Maine, by F. G. Clapp.

Saline artesian waters of the Atlantic Coastal Plain, by Samuel Sanford.

Underground waters near Manassas, Va., by F. G. Clapp.
XX SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

279. Water resources of the Penobscot River basin, Maine, by H. K. Barrows and 

C. C. Babb. 1912. 285 pp., 19 pis. 65c.

Describes the topography, drainage, geology, forests, population, industries, transportation 

lines, and precipitation in the basin;.gives results of investigations of stream flow at gaging 

stations; discusses relation of run-off to precipitation, evaporation, floods, low water, developed, 

and undeveloped water powers, storage, log driving, and lumbering;contains gazetteer of rivers, 

lakes, and ponds.

374. Ground water in the Hartford, Stamford, Salisbury, Willimantic, and Saybrook 

areas, Connecticut, by H. E. Gregory and A. J. Ellis. 1916. 150 pp., 

13 pis. 30c.

Describes occurrence of ground water, methods of developing, and requfc-ements for municipal 

use. Gives, by towns, a description of the surface and ground water and of the public water 

supply, and records of wells and springs.

*397. Ground water in the Waterbury area, Connecticut, by A. J. Ellis, under direction 

of H. E. Gregory. 1916. 73 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Describes the geology of the area, the occurrence of ground water, its use for private and 

municipal supply, and methods of developing. Discusses under towns the population and industries, topography, water-bearing formations, surface and ground water, and public supplies, 

and gives records of wells and springs.

415. Surface waters of Massachusetts, by C. H. Pierce and H. J. Dean. 1916. 433 

pp., 12 pis. 45c.

A compilation of available stream-flow data, including the classic records collected on the 

Merrimack at Lowell and Lawrence, on the Connecticut at Holyoke, and on the Cochituate at 

Sudbury by the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board, as well as records covering shorter 

periods; prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Contains a gazetteer of streams, lakes, and ponds.

424. Surface waters of Vermont, by C. H. Pierce. 1917. 218 pp., 14 pis.

A compilation of available stream-flow data; prepared in cooperation with the Commonwealth 

of Vermont. Contains a gazetteer of streams, lakes, and ponds.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

Each of the papers contained in the annual reports was also issued in separate form. 

Annual reports are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk (*) 

indicates that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers so marked, however, may be purchased 

from the SUPERINTENDENT OP DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

*Sixth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1884-85, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1885. xxix, 570 pp., 65 pis. Cloth $2.00 Contains:

* Seacost swamps of the eastern United States, by N. S. Shaler. pp. 353-398. Describes the 

coast swamps of New England; discusses economic problems connected with marine swamps; 

gives a detailed account of selected areas of salt marsh lands, and a list of the principal areas of 

salt marshes between the Hudson River and Portland, Maine.

Tenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1888-89, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1890. 2 parts. *Pt. I Geology, xv, 774 pp., 98 pis. Cloth $2.35 

Contains:

* General account of the fresh-water morasses of the United States, with a description of the 

Dismal Swamp district of Virginia and North Carolina, by N. S. Shaler, pp. 255-339, Pis. 6 to 

19. Scope indicated by title.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II, 1894.) 2 parts. *Pt. II. Accompanying 

papers, xx, 597 pp., 73 pis. Cloth $2.10. Contains:

* The potable waters of the eastern United States, by W. J. McGee, pp. 1 to 47. Discusses 

cistern water, stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian wells.

364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, 

tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp.

Contains analyses of spring and well waters in Maine, District of Columbia, and Virginia.
PUBLICATIONS. XXI

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

Piofessional papers are distributed free by the Geological Survey as long as its stock lasts. An asterisk 

(*) indicates'that this stock has been exhausted. Many of the papers marked with an asterisk may, 

however, be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C. Professional 

papers are of quarto size.

*44. Underground-water resources of Long Island, N. Y., by A. 0. Veatch, 0. S. 

Slitcher, Isaiah Bowman, W. O. Crosby, and E. E. Horton. 1906. 394 pp., 

34 pis. $1.25.

Describes the geologic formations, the source of the ground waters, and requsite conditions 

for flowi^ : ;j _plls; the springs, streams, ponds, and lakes; artesian and deep wells; fluctuation 

of ground-" - er table; blowing wells; waterworks; discusses measurements of velocity of underflow, the results of sizing and filtration tests, and the utilization of stream waters; gives well 

records and notes (with chemical analyses) concerning representative wells.

BULLETINS.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the Geological Survey's stock of the paper is exhausted. Many of the papers 

so marked may be purchased from the SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS, WASHINGTON, D. C.

*138. Artesian well prospects in the Atlantic Coastal Plain region, by N. H. Darton. 

1896. 232pp., 19 pis.

Describes the general geologic structure of the Atlantic Coastal Plain region and summarizes 

the conditions affecting subterranean water in the Coastal Plain; discusses the general geological 

relations in New York, southern New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and eastern Georgia; gives for each of the States a list of 

the deep wells and discusses well prospects. The notes on the wells that follows the tabulated 

lists contain many well sections and analyses of the waters.

*264. Eecord of deep well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. 0. 

Veatch. 1905. 106pp. lOc.

Discusses the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners of oil, gas, and water 

wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives tabulated records of 

wells in Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Virginia, and detailed records of wells at Pleasantville and Atlantic 

Highlands, N. J., and Tully, N. Y. These wells were selected because they give definite 

stratigraphic information.

*298. Eecord of deep well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford, 

1906. 299 pp. 25c.

Gives an account of progress in the collection of well records and samples; contains tabulated 

records of wells in Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, 

New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Virginia, and detailed 

records of wells in Newcastle County, Del.; Cumberland County, Maine; Anne Arundel, St. 

Mary, and Talbot counties, Md.; Hampshire County, Mass.; Monmouth County, N. J.; 

Saratoga County, N. Y.; and Lycoming and Somerset counties, Pa. The wells of which detailed sections are given were selected because they afford valuable stratigraphic information.

*531. Contributions to economic geology, 1911, Part II, Mineral fuels; M. E. Campbell, geologist in charge. 1913. 361 pp., 24 pis. 45c.

Issued also in separate chapters. The following papers contain information on ground water: 

*(d) Geologic structure of the Punxsutawney, Curwensville, Houtzdale, Barnesboro, and 

Patton quadrangles, central Pennsylvania, by G. H. Ashley, and M. R. Campbell (pp. 69-89, 

Pis. VII-VHI). Discusses the geologic structure of the five quadrangles named and includes a 

map showing structure contours. It contains a brief statement in regard to shallow and deep 

wells and artesian prospects (pp. 88-89). The ground water in the Barnesboro and Patton quadrangles is also briefly described in Geologic Folio 189, and the ground water in these two quadrangles and in the Curwensville quadrangle is briefly described in Water Supply Paper 110.

GEOLOGIC FOLIOS.

Under the plan adopted for the preparation of a geologic map of the United States 

the entire area is divided into small quadrangles, bounded by certain meridians 

and parallels, and these quadrangles, which number several thousand, are separately 

surveyed and mapped. 1 The unit of survey is also the unit of publication, and the

1 Index maps showing areas in the North Atlantic slope basins covered by topographic maps and by 

geologic folios will be mailed on receipt of request addressed to the Director, U. S. Geological Survey, 

Washington, D. C.
XXII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

maps and description of each quadrangle are issued in the form of a folio. When all 

the folios are completed they will constitute the Geologic Atlas of the United States.

A folio is designated by the name of the principal town or of a prominent natural 

feature within the quadrangle. Each folio includes maps showing the topography, 

geology, underground structure, and mineral deposits of the area mapped and several 

pages of descriptive text. The text explains the maps and describes the topographic 

and geologic features of the country and its mineral products. The topographic map 

shows roads, railroads, waterways, and, by contour lines, the shapes of the hills and 

valleys and the height above sea level of all points in the quadrangle. The arealgeology map shows the distribution of the various rocks at the surface. The structuralgeology map shows the relations of the rocks to one another underground. The 

economic-geology map indicates the location of mineral deposits that are commercially valuable. The artesian-water maps show the depth to underground-water 

horizons. Economic-geology and artesian-water maps are included in folios if the 

conditions in the areas mapped warrant their publication. The folios are of special 

interest to students of geography and geology and are valuable as guides in the development and utilization of mineral resources.

Folios 1 to 163, inclusive, are published in only one form (18 by 22 inches), called 

the library edition. Some of the folios that bear numbers higher than 163 are published also in an octavo edition (6 by 9 inches). Owing to a fire in the Geological 

Survey building May 18, 1913, the stock of geologic folios was more or less damaged 

by fire and water, but the folios that are usable are sold at the uniform price 

of 5 cents each, with no reduction for wholesale orders. This rate applies to folios 

in stock from 1 to 184, inclusive (except reprints), also to the library edition of 

Folio 186. The library edition of Folios 185, 187, and higher numbers sells for 

25 cents a copy, except that some folios which contain an unusually large amount 

of matter sell at higher prices. The octavo edition of Folio 185 and higher numbers 

sells for 50 cents a copy, except Folio 193, which sells for 75 cents a copy. A discount 

of 40 per cent is allowed on an order for folios, or for folios together with topographic 

maps, amounting to $5, or more at the retail rate.

All the folios contain descriptions of the drainage of the quadrangles. The folios 

in the following list contain also brief discussions of the underground waters in connection with the economic resources of the areas and more or less information concerning the utilization of the water resources.

An asterisk (*) indicates that the stock of the folio is exhausted.

*13. Fredericksburg, Virginia-Maryland. 1894. 5c. 

23. Nomini, Maryland-Virginia. 1896. 5c.

*70. Washington, District of Columbia-Maryland-Virginia. 1901.

*83. New York City (Paterson, Harlem, Staten Island, and Brooklyn quadrangles), 

New York-New Jersey. 1902.

Discusses the present and fnture water supply of New York City.

136. St. Marys, Maryland-Virginia. 1906. 5c. 

Discusses artesian wells.

*137. Dover, Delaware-Maryland-New Jersey. 1906. 5c.

Describes the shallow and deep wells used as sources of water suppy; gives section of well at 

Middletown, Del.

*149. Penobscot Bay, Maine. 1907. 5c.

Describes the wells and springs; gives analysis of spring water from North Bluehill.

152. Patuxent, Maryland-District of Columbia. 1907. 5c. 

Discusses the springs, shallow wells, and artesian wells.
PUBLICATIONS. XXIII

*157. Passaic, New Jersey-New York. 1908.

Discusses the underground water of the quadrangle, including the cities of Newark, Hoboken, 

Jersey City, Paterson, Elizabeth, Passaic, Plainfleld, Bahway, and Perth Amboy, and a portion 

of the City of New York; gives a list of the deep borings in the New Jersey portion of the quadrangle, and notes concerning wells on Staten Island, Long Island, Hoflman Island, and Governors Island.

158. Rockland, Maine. 1908. 5c.

Describes the water supply in Knox County, Maine, of which Bockland is the principal city; 

discusses the water obtained from wells drilled in limestone and granite, and the city water 

supply of Camden, Bockport, Eockland, and Thomaston.

*160. Accident-Grantville, Maryland-Pennsylvania-West Virginia. 1908. 5c.

Under "Mineral Eesources" the folio describes Youghiogheny and Castleman rivers, Savage 

River, and Georges Creek, and the spring waters; notes possibility of obtaining artesian water.

*161. Franklin Furnace, New Jersey. 1908.

Describes the streams, water powers, and ground waters of a district in northwestern New 

Jersey, mainly in Sussex County but including also a small part of Morris County; gives tabulated, list of water powers and of bored wells.

*162. Philadelphia (Norristown, Germantown, Chester, and Philadelphia quadrangles), Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Delaware. 1909.

Discusses the water supply of Philadelphia and Camden, also suburban towns; gives analysis 

of filtered water of Pickering Creek.

*167. Trenton, New Jersey-Pennsylvania. 1 1909. 5c.

Describes streams tributary to Earitan and Delaware rivers (including estimates of capacity 

with and without storage) and the springs and wells; discusses also the public water supply of 

Trenton and suburban towns.

*169. Watkins Glen-Catatonk, New York. 1909. 5c.

Describes springs and shallow and deep wells; discusses also water supply at Ithaca.

170. Mercersburg-Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.2 1909. 5c.

Describes springs and wells and mentions sources of water supplies of principal towns.

179. Pawpaw-Hancock, West Virginia-Maryland-Pennsylvania. 1912. 5c. 

Gives analysis of water of Berkeley Springs.

182. Choptank, Maryland. 1912.2 5c.

The Choptank quadrangle includes the entire width of Chesapeake Bay and portions of 

many large estuaries.

189. Barnesboro-Patton, Pennsylvania. 1913. 25c.

Discusses the water supply of various towns in the quadrangle.

191. Raritan, New Jersey.3 1914.

Discusses briefly the surface and ground waters of the quadrangle, the quality, and the utili. 

zation of streams for power; gives analysis of water from Earitan Eiver and from Schooley Moun. 

tain Spring near Hackettstown.

192. Eastport, Maine. 1914. 25c.

Includes brief account of the water supply of the quadrangle and of the utilization of streams 

for power.

204. Tolchester, Maryland. 1917. 25c. 

Discusses shallow and artesian wells.

1 Octavo edition only.

8 Issued in two editions library (18 by 22 inches) and octavo (6 by 9 inches). Specify edition desired.
XXIV SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I. 

MISCELLANEOUS REPORTS.

Other Federal bureaus and State and other organizations have 

from time to time published reports relating to the water resources 

of various sections of the country. Notable among those pertaining 

to the North Atlantic States are the reports of the Main State Water 

Storage Commission (Augusta), the New Hampshire Forestry Commission (Concord), the Metropolitan Water and Sewerage Board 

(Boston, Mass.), the New York State Water-Supply Commission 

(Albany), the New York State Conservation Commission (Albany), 

the New York State engineer and surveyor (Albany), the various 

commissions on water supply of New York City, the Geological 

Survey of New Jersey (Trenton), State boards of health, and the 

Tenth Census (vol. 16).

The following reports deserve special mention:

Water power of Maine, by Walter Wells, Augusta, 1869.

Hydrology of the State of New York, by G. W. Rafter: New York State Museum 

Bull. 85, 1905.

Hydrography of Virginia, by N. C. Grover and R. H. Bolster: Virginia Geol. Survey 

Bull. 3, 1906.

Underground-water resources of the Coastal Plain province of Virginia, by Samuel 

Stanford: Virginia Geol. Survey Bull. 5, 1913.

Surface water supply of Virginia, by G. C. Stevens: Virginia Geol. Survey Bull. 

19, 1916.

Many of these reports can be obtained by applying to the several 

commissions, and most of them can be consulted in the public libraries 

of the larger cities.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY HYDROLOGIC REPORTS OF GENERAL

INTEREST.

The following list comprises reports that are not readily classifiable 

by drainage basins and that cover a wide range of hydrologic investigations :

WATER-STTPPLY PAPERS.

*1. Pumping water for irrigation, by H. M. Wilson. 1896. 57 pp., 9 pis.

Describes pumps and motive powers, -windmills, water wheels, and various kinds of engines; 

also storage reservoirs to retain pumped water until needed for irrigation.

*3. Sewage irrigation, by G. W. Rafter. 1897. 100 pp., 4 pis. lOc. (See WaterSupply Paper 22.)

Discusses methods of sewage disposal by intermittent nitration and by irrigation; describes 

utilization of sewage in Germany, England, and France, and sewage purification in the United 

States.

*8. Windmills for irrigation, by E. 0. Murphy. 1897. 49 pp., 8 pis. lOc.

Gives results of experimental tests of windmills during the summer of 1896 in the vicinity of 

Garden, Earns.; describes instruments and methods and draws conclusions.

*14. New tests of certain pumps and water lifts used in irrigation, by 0. P. Hood. 

1898. 91 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Discusses efficiency of pumps and water lifts of various types.

*20. Experiments with windmills, by T. 0. Perry. 1899. 97 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Includes tables and descriptions of wind wheels, compares wheels of several types, and discusses results.

*22. Sewage irrigation, Part II, by G. W. Rafter. 1899. 100 pp., 7 pis. 15c.

Gives resum6 of Water-Supply Paper No. 3; discusses pollution of certain streams, experiments on purification of factory wastes in Massachusetts, value of commercial fertilizers, and 

describes American sewage-disposal plants by States; contains bibliography of publications 

relating to sewage utilization and disposal.

*41. The windmill: Its efficiency and economic use, Part I, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 

72 pp., 14 pis.

*42. The windmill: Its efficiency and economic use, Part II, by E. C. Murphy. 1901. 

75 pp., 2 pis. lOc. 

Nos. 41 and 42 give details of results of experimental tests with windmills of various types.

*43. Conveyance of water in irrigation canals, flumes, and pipes, by Samuel Fortier. 

1901. 86 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

*56. Methods of stream measurement. 1901. 51 pp., 12 pis. 15c.

Describes the methods used by the Survey in 1901-2. See also Nos. 64,94, and 95.

*64. Accuracy of stream measurements, by E. C. Murphy. 1902. 99 pp., 4 pis. 

(See No. 95.) lOc.

Describes methods of measuring velocity of water and o f measuring and computing stream flow 

and compares results obtained with the different instruments and methods; describes also experiment and results at the Cornell University hydraulic laboratory. A second, enlarged edition published as Water-Supply Paper 95.

*67. The motions of underground waters, by C. S. Slichter. 1902. 106 pp., 8 pis. 15c. 

Discusses origin, depth, and amount of underground waters; permeability of rocks and 

porosity of soils; causes, rates, and laws of motions of underground water; surface and deep 

zones of flow, .and recovery of waters by open wells and artesian and deep wells; treats of the 

shape and position of the water table; gives simple methods of measuring yield of flowing 

wells; describes artesian wells at Savannah. Ga.

XXV
XXVI SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

*80. The relation of rainfall to run-off, by G. W. Rafter. 1903. 104 pp. lOc.

Treats of measurements of rainfall and laws and measurements of stream flow; gives rainfall 

run-off, and evaporation formulas; discusses effect of forests on rainfall and run-off.

87. Irrigation in India (second edition), by H. M. Wilson. 1903. 238 pp., 27 pis. 

25c.

First edition was published in Part II of the Twelfth Annual Report.

93. Proceedings of first conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newell, chief engineer. 1904. 

361 pp. 25c. [Requests for this report should be addressed to the U. S. 

Reclamation Service.]

Contains the following papers of more or less general interest:

Limits of an irrigation project, by D. W. Ross.

Relation of Federal and State laws to irrigation, by Morris Bien.

Electrical transmission of power for pumping, by H. A. Storrs.

Correct design and stability of high masonry dams, by Geo. Y. Wisner.

Irrigation surveys and the use of the plane table, by J. B. Lippincott.

The use of alkaline waters for irrigation, by Thomas H. Means.

*94. Hydrographic manual of the United States Geological Survey, prepared by E. C. 

Murphy, J. C. Hoyt, and G. B. Hollister. 1904. 76 pp., 3 pis. lOc.

Gives instruction for field and office work relating to measurements of stream flow by current 

meters. See also No. 95.

*95. Accuracy of stream measurements (second enlarged edition), by E. C. Murphy. 

1904. 169pp., 6 pis.

Describes methods of measuring and computing stream flow and compares results derived 

from different instruments and methods. See also No. 94.

*103. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the Unites States, 

by E. B. Goodell. 1940. 120 pp. (See No. 152.)

Explains the legal principles under which antipollution statutes become operative, quotes 

court decisions to show authority for various deductions, and classifies according to scope the 

statutes enacted in the different States.

110. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1904; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 211 pp., 5 pis. lOc.

Contains the following reports of general interest. The scope of each paper is indicated by its 

title.

Description of underflow meter used in measuring the velocity and direction of underground 

water, by Charles S. Slichter.

The California or "stovepipe" method of well construction, by Charles S. Slichter.

Approximate methods of measuring the yield of flowing wells, by Charles S. Slichter.

Corrections necessary in accurate determinations of flow from vertical well casings, from 

notes furnished by A. N. Talbot.

Experiments relating to problems of well contamination as Quitman, Ga., by S. W. McCallle.

113. The disposal of strawboard and oil-well wastes, by R. L. Sackelt and- Isaiah 

Bowman. 1905. 52 pp., 4 pis. 5c.

The first paper discusses the pollution of streams by sewage and by trade wastes, deseripes the 

manufacture of strawboard, and gives results of various experiments in disposing of the waste. 

The second paper describes briefly the topography, drainage, and geology of the region about 

Marion, Ind., and the contamination of rock wells and of streams by waste oil and brine.

*114. Underground waters of eastern United States; M. L. Fuller, geologist in charge. 

1905. 285 pp., 18 pis. 25c.

Contains report on " Occurrence to underground waters," by M. L. Fuller, discussingsources, 

amount, and temperature of waters, permeability and storage capacity of stocks, water-bearing 

formations, recovery of water by springs, well, and pumps, essential condition of artesian flows 

and general conditions affecting underground waters in eastern United States.

115. River surveys and profiles made during 1903, arranged by W. C. Hall and 

J. C. Hoyt. 1905. 115 pp., 4 pis. lOc.

Contains results of survey made to determinelocation of undeveloped power sites.

119. Index to the hydrographic progress reports of the United States Geological 

Survey, 1888 to 1903, by J. C. Hoyt and B. D. Wood. 1905. 253 pp. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.
PUBLICATIONS. XXVII

120. Bibliographic review and index of papers relating to underground waters published by the United States Geological Survey, 1879-1904, by M. L. Fuller. 

1905. 128pp. lOc. 

Scope indicated by title.

*122. Relation of the law to underground waters, by D. W. Johnson. 1905. 55 pp.

5c.

Defines and classifies underground waters, gives common-law rules relating to their use, and 

cites State legislative acts affecting them.

140. Field measurements of the rate of movement of underground waters, by C. S. 

Slichter. 1905. 122 pp., 15 pis. 15c.

Discusses the capacity of sand to transmit water, describes measurements of underflow in Rio 

Hondo, San Gabriel, and Mohave Rivervalleys, Calif.,and on Long Island,N. Y.;gives results 

of tests of wells and pumping plants, and describes stovepipe method of well construction.

143. Experiments on steel-concrete pipes on a working scale, by J. H. Quinton. 

1905. 61 pp.,4 pis.

Scope indicated by title.

145. Contributions to the hydrology of eastern United States, 1905; M. L. Fuller, 

geologist in charge. 1905. 220 pp. ,6 pis. lOc.

Contains brief reports of general interest as follows:

Drainage of ponds into drilled wells, by Robert E. Horton. Discusses efficiency, cost, and 

capacity of drainage wells, and gives statistics of such wells in southern Michigan.

Construction of so-called fountain and geyser springs, by Myron L. Fuller.

A convenient gage for determining low artesian heads, by Myron L. Fuller.

146. Proceedings of second conference of engineers of the Reclamation Service, with 

accompanying papers, compiled by F. H. Newall, chief engineer. 1905. 

267 pp. 15c.

Contains brief account of the organization of the hydrographic [water-resources] branch and 

the Reclamation Service, reports of conferences and committees, circulars of instruction, and 

many brief reports on subjects closely related to reclamation, and a bibliography of technical 

papers by members of the service. Of the papers read at the conference those listed below 

(scope indicated by title) are of more or less general interest:

Proposed State code of water laws, by Morris Bien.

Power engineering applied to irrigation problems, by O. H. Ensign.

Estimates on tunneling in irrigation projects, by A. L. Fellows.

Collection of stream-gaging data, by N. C. Grover.

Diamond-drill methods, by G. A. Hammond.

Mean-velocity and area curves, by F. W. Hanna.

Importance of general hydrographic data concerning basins of streams gaged, by R. E. Horton.

Effect of aquatic vegetation on stream flow, by R. E. Horton.

Sanitary regulations governing construction camps, by M. O. Leighton.

Necessity of draining irrigated land, by Thos. H. Means.

Alkali soils, by Thos. H. Means.

Cost of stream-gaging work, by E. C. Murphy.

Equipment of a cable gaging station, by E. C. Murphy.

Silting of reservoirs, by W. M. Reed.

Farm-unit classification, by D. W. Ross.

Cost of power for pumping irrigating water, by H. A. Storrs.

Records of flow at current-meter gaging stations during the frozen season, by F, H. Tillinghast.

147. Destructive floods in United States in 1904, by E. C. Murphy and others. 206 

pp., 18 pis. 15c.

Contains a brief account of "A method of computing cross-section area of waterways," in 

eluding formulas for maximum discharge and area of cross section.

*150. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 189 

pp.,38 pis. (See Water-Supply Paper 200.) 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

151. Field assay of water, by M. O. Leighton. 1905. 77 pp., 4 pis. lOc.

Discusses methods, instruments, and reagents used in determining turbidity, color, iron, 

chlorides, and hardness, in connection with studies of the quality of water in various parts of 

the United States.
XXVIII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

*152. A review of the laws forbidding pollution of inland waters in the United States 

(second edition), by E. B. Goodell. 1905. 149 pp. lOc. 

Scope indicated by title.

*160. Underground-water papers, 1906; M. L. Fuller, geolpgist in charge. 1906. 

104 pp., 1 pi.

Gives account of work in 1905, lists of publications relating to underground waters, and contains the following brief reports of general interest:

Significance of the term, "artesian," by Myron L. Fuller. 

Representation of wells and springs on maps, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Total amount of free water in the earth's crust, by Myron L. Fuller. 

Use of fluorescein in the study of underground waters, by R. B. Dole. 

Problems of water contamination, by Isaiah Bowman. 

Instances of improvement of water in wells, by Myron L. Fuller.

*162. Destructive floods in the United States in 1905, with a discussion of flood discharge and frequency and an index to flood literature, by E. C. Murphy and 

others. 1906. 105 pp.,4 pis. I5c.

*163. Bibliographic review and index of underground-water literature published in 

the United States in 1905, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, and B. L. Johnson. 

1906. 130pp. 15c.

Scope indicated by title.

*179. Prevention of stream pollution by distillery refuse, based on investigations at 

Lynchburg, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 34 pp., 1 pi. lOc.

Describes grain distillation, treatment of slop, sources, character, and effects of effluent 

on streams; discusses filtration, precipitation, fermentation, and evaporation methods of disposal of wastes without pollution.

*180. Turbine water-wheel tests and power tables, by R. E. Horton. 1906. 134 pp. 

2 pis. 20c.

Scope indicated by title.

*186. Stream pollution by acid-iron wastes, a report based on investigations made at 

Shelby, Ohio, by Herman Stabler. 1906. 36 pp., 1 pi.

Gives history of pollution by acid-iron wastes at Shelby, Ohio, and resulting litigation; discusses effect of acid-iron liquors on sewage purification processes, recovery of copperas from 

acid-iron wastes, and other processes for disposal of pickling liquor.

*187. Determination of stream flow during the frozen season, by H. K. Barrows and 

R. E. Horton. 1907. 93 pp., 1 pi. 15c.

Scope indicated by title.

*189. -The prevention of stream pollution by strawboard waste, by E. B. Phelps. 

1906. 29 pp., 2 pis. 5c.

Describes manufacture of strawboard, present and proposed methods of disposal of waste 

liquors, laboratory investigations of precipitation and sedimentation, and field studies of 

amounts and character of water used, raw material and finished product, and mechanical 

filtration.

*194. Pollution of Illinois and Mississippi rivers by Chicago sewage (a digest of the 

testimony taken in the case of the State of Missouri v. the State of Illinois 

and the Sanitary district of Chicago), by M. O. Leighton. 1907. 369 pp., 

2 pis. 40c.

Scope indicated by amplification of title.

*200. Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas (revision of paper No. 150), by 

R. E. Horton. 1907. 195 pp., 38 pis. 3"c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*226. The pollution of streams by sulphite pulp waste, a study of possible remedies, by 

E. B. Phelps. '1909. 37 pp" 1 pi. lOc.

Describes manufacture of sulphite pulp, the waste liquors, and the experimental work leading to suggestions as to methods of preventing stream pollution.
PUBLICATIONS. . XXIX

*229. The disinfection of sewage and sewage filter effluents, with a chapter on the 

putrescibility and stability of sewage effluents, by E. B. Phelps. 1909. 

. 91 pp., 1 pi. 15c. 

Scope indicated by title.

*234. Papers on the conservation of water resources. 1909. 96 pp., 2 pis. 15c.

Contains the following papers, whose scope is indicated by <;heir titles: Distribution of rainfall, by Henry Gannett; Floods, by M. O. Leighton; Developed water powers, compiled under 

the direction of W. M. Steuart, with discussion by M. O. Leighton; Undeveloped water powers 

by M. O. Leighton; Irrigation, by F. H. Newell; Underground waters, by W. C. Mendenhall, 

Denudation, by R. B. Dole and Herman Stabler; Control of catchment areas, by H. N. Parker

*235. The purification of some textile and other factory wastes, by Herman Stabler 

and G. H. Pratt. 1909. 76 pp. lOc.

Discusses waste waters from wool scouring, bleaching and dyeing cotton yarn, bleaching 

cotton piece goods, and manufacture of oleomargine, fertilizer, and glue.

236. The quality of surface waters in the United States, Part I. Analyses of waters 

east of the one hundredth meridian, by R. B. Dole. 1909. 123 pp. lOc. 

Describes collection of samples, methods of examination, preparation of solutions, accuracy 

of estimates, and expression of analytical results.

238. The public utility of water powers and their governmental regulation, by Ren6 

Tavernier and M. 0. Leighton. 1910. 161 pp. 15c.

Discusses hydraulic power and irrigation, French, Italian, and Swiss legislation relative to 

the development of water powers, and laws proposed in the French parliament; reviews work 

of bureau of hydraulics and agricultural improvement of the French department of agriculture, and gives re'sume' of Federal and State water-power legislation in the United States.

*255. Underground waters for farm use, by M. L. Fuller. 1910. 58 pp., 17 pis. 15c.

Discusses rocks as sources of water supply and the relative safety of supplies from different

materials; springs and their protection; open or dug and deep wells, their location, yield, relative

cost, protection, and safety; advantages and disadvantages of cisterns and combination wells

and cisterns.

*257. Well-drilling methods, by Isaiah Bowman. 1911. 139 pp., 4 pis. 15c.

Discusses amount, distribution, and disposal of rainfall, water-bearing rocks, amount of 

underground water and artesian conditions, and oil and gas bearing formations; gives history of 

well drilling in Asia, Europe, and the United States; describes in detail the various method 

and the machinery used; discusses loss of tools and geologic difficulties; contamination of well 

waters and methods of prevention; tests of capacity and measurement of depth; and costs of 

sinking wells.

*258. Underground-water papers, 1910, by M. L. Fuller, F. G. Clapp, G. C. Matson, 

Samuel Sanford, and C. H. Wolff. 1911. 123 pp., 2 pis. 15c. 

Contains the following papers (scope indicated by titles) of general interest: 

Drainage by wells, by M. L. Fuller. 

Freezing of wells and related phenomena, by M. L. Fuller. 

Pollution of underground waters in limestone, by G. C. Matson. 

Protection of shallow wells in sandy deposits, by M. L. Fuller. 

Magnetic wells, by M. L. Fuller.

259. The underground waters of southwestern Ohio, by M. L. Fuller and F. G. 

Clapp, with a discussion of the chemical character of the waters, by R. B. 

Dole. 1912. 228 pp., 9 pis. 35c.

Describes the topography, climate, and geology of the region, the water-bearing formations 

the source, mode of occurrence, and head of the waters, and municipal supplies; gives details by 

counties; discusses in supplement, under chemical character, method of analysis and expression 

of results, mineral constituents, effect of the constituents on waters for domestic, industrial, or 

medicinal uses, methods of purMeation, and chemical composition; many analyses and field 

assays. The matter in the supplement was also published in Water-Supply Paper 254 (The 

underground waters of north-central Indiana.).

274. Some stream waters of the western United States, with chapters on sediment 

carried by the Rio Grande and the'Industrial application of water analyses, 

by Herman Stabler. 1911. 188 pp. 15c.

Describes cs.'^tion of samples, plan of analytical work, and methods of analyses; discusses 

soap-consuming power of waters, water softening, boiler waters, and water for irrigation.

101860° 20 wsv 451 13
XXX SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

280. Gaging stations maintained by the United States Geological Survey, 1888- 

1910, and Survey publications relating to water resources, compiled by 

B. D. Wood. 1912. 102 pp. lOc.

*315. The purification of public water supplies, by G. A. Johnson. 1913. 84 pp., 

8 pis. lOc.

Discusses ground, lake, and river waters as public supplies, development of waterworks 

systems in the United States, water consumption, and typhoid fever; describes methods of 

filtration and sterilization of water^nd municipal water softening.

334. The Ohio Valley flood of March-April, 1913 (including comparisons with some 

earlier floods), by A. H. Horton and H. J. Jackson. 1913. 96 pp., 22 pis. 

20c.

Although relating specifically to floods in the Ohio Valley, this report discusses also the causes 

of floods and the prevention of damage by floods.

337. The effects of ice on stream flow, by William Glenn Hoyt. 1913. 77 pp., 7 pis. 

15c.

Discusses methods of measuring the winter flow of streams.

*345. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1914. N. C. Grover, 

chief hydraulic engineer. 1915. 225 pp., 17 pis. 30c. Contains:

*(e) A method of determining the daily discharge of rivers of various slope, by M. R. Hall 

W. E. Hall, and C. H. Pierce, pp. 53-65. 5c. Scope indicated by title.

364. Water analyses from the laboratory of the United States Geological Survey, 

tabulated by F. W. Clarke, chief chemist. 1914. 40 pp. 5c.

Contains analyses of waters from rivers, lakes, wells, and springs in various parts of the United 

States, including analyses of the geyser water of Yellowstone National Park, hot springs in 

Montana, brines from Death Valley, water from the Gulf of Mexico, and mine waters from 

Tennessee, Michigan, Missouri and Oklahoma, Montana, Colorado and Utah, Nevada and 

Arizona, and California.

371. Equipment for current-meter gaging stations, by G. J. Lyon. 1915. 64 pp., 

37 pis. 20c.

Describes methods of installing recording and other gages and of constructung gage wells 

shelters, and structures for making discharge measurements and artificial controls.

*375. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1915. N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1916. 181 pp., 9 pis. Contains:

(c) Relation of stream gaging to the science of hydraulics, by C. H. Pierce and R. W. Daven 

port, pp. 77-84.

(e) A method for correcting river discharge for changing stage, by B. E. Jones, pp. 117-130.

(f) Conditions requiring the use of automatic gages in obtaining stream-flow records, by C. H. 

Pierce, pp. 131-139.

*400. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1916. N. C. Grover, 

chief hydraulic engineer. Contains:

(a) The people's interest in water-power resources, by G. O. Smith, pp. 1-8.

(c) The measurement of silt-laden streams, by Raymond C. Pierce, pp. 39-51.

(d) Accuracy of stream-flow data, by N. C. Grover and J. C. Hoyt, pp. 53-59.

416. The divining rod, a history of water witching, with a bibliography, by Arthur 

J. Ellis. 1917. 39 pp. lOc.

A brief paper published "merely to furnish a reply to the numerous inquiries that are continually being received from all parts of the country" as to the emcacy of the divining rod for 

locating underground water.

425. Contributions to the hydrology of the United States, 1917, N. C. Grover, chief 

hydraulic engineer. 1918. Contains:

(c) Hydraulic conversion tables and convenient equivalents, pp. 71-94. 1917.

427. Bibliography and index of the publications of the United States Geological 

Survey relating to ground water, by O. E. Meinzer. 1918. 169 pp., 1 pi.

Includes publications prepared, in whole or part, by the Geological Survey that treat any 

phase of the subject of ground water or any subject directly applicable to ground water. Illustrated by map showing reports that cover specific areas more or less thoroughly.
PUBLICATIONS. XXXI

PROFESSIONAL PAPERS.

*72. Denudation and erosion in the southern Appalachian region and the Monongahela basin, by L.C.Glenn. 1911. 137pp., 21 pis. 35c.

Describes the topography, geology, drainage, forests, climate, population, and transportation facilities of the region, the relation of agriculture, lumbering, mining, and power develop' 

ment to erosion and denudation, and the nature, effects, and remedies of erosion; gives details 

of conditions in Holston, Nolichucky, French Broad, Little Tennessee, and 'Hiwassee river 

basins, along Tennessee River proper, and in the basins of the Coosa-Alabama system, Ohattahoochee, Savannah, Saluda, Broad, Catawba, YadMn, New, and Monongahela rivers.

86. The transportation of debris by running water, by G. K. Gilbert, based on 

experiments made with the assistance of E. C. Murphy. 1914. 263 pp., 

3 pis. 70c.

The results of an investigation which was carried on in a specify equipped laboratory at 

Berkeley, Calif., and was undertaken for thepurposeof learning "the laws which control the 

movement of bed load and especially to determine how the quantity of load is related to the 

stream's slope and discharge and to the degree of comminution of the de*bris."

A highly technical report.

105. Hydraulic mining debris in the Sierra Nevada, by G. K. Gilbert. 154 pp., 

34 pis. 1917.

Presents the results of an investigation undertaken by the United States Geological Survey 

in response to a memorial from the California Miners' Association asking that a particular study 

be made of portions of the Sacramento and San Joaquin valleys affected by detritus from torrential streams. The report deals largely with geologic and physiographic aspects of the subject, 

traces the physical effects, past and future, of the hydraulic raining of earlier decades, the similar 

effects which certain other industries induce through stimulation of the erosion of the soil, 

and the influence of the restriction of the areas of inundation by the construction of levees. Suggests cooperation by several interests for the control of the streams no-y carrying heavy loads of 

debris.

BULLETINS.

*32. Lists and analyses of the mineral springs of the United States (a preliminary 

study),byA.C.Peale. 1886. 235pp.

Defines mineral waters, lists the springs by States, and gives tables of analyses so far as 

available.

*264. Record of deep-well drilling for 1904, by M. L. Fuller, E. F. Lines, and A. C. 

Veatch. 1905. 106 pp. lOc.

*298. Record of deep-well drilling for 1905, by M. L. Fuller and Samuel Sanford. 

1906. 299 pp. 25c.

Bulletins 264 and 298 discuss the importance of accurate well records to the driller, to owners 

of oil, gas, and water wells, and to the geologist; describes the general methods of work; gives 

tabulated records of wells by States, and detailed records selected as affording valuable stratigraphic information.

*319. Summary of the controlling factors of artesian flows, by Myron L. Fuller. 

1908. 44 pp., 7 pis. lOc.

Describes underground reservoirs, the sources of underground waters, the confining agents, 

the primary and modifying factors of artesian circulation, the essential and modifying factors 

of artisian flow, and typical artisian systems.

*479. The geochemical interpretation of water analyses, by Chase Palmer. 1911. 

31 pp. 5c.

Discusses the expression of chemical analyses, the chemical character of water, and the properties of natural waters; gives a classification of waters based on property values and reacting 

values, and discusses the character of the waters of certain rivers as interpreted directly from the 

results of analyses; discusses' also the relation of water properties to geologic formations, silica 

in river water, and the character of the water of the Mississippi and the Great Lakes and St. 

Lawrence River as indicated by chemical analyses.

616. The data of geochemistry (third edition), by F.W.Clarke. 1916. 821 pp. 45c. 

Earlier editions were published as Bulletins 330 and 491. Contains a discussion of the statement and terpretation of water analyses and a chapter on "Mineral wells and springs" (pp. 

179-216).' Discusses the definition and classification of mineral waters, changes in the composition of water, deposits of calcareous, ocherous and siliceous materials made by water, vadose and 

juvenile waters, and thermal springs in relation to volcanism. Describes the different lands of 

ground water and gives typical analyses. Includes a brief bibliography of papers containing 

water analyses.
XXXII SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

ANNUAL REPORTS.

*Fifth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1883-84, J. W. Powell, 

Director. 1885. xxxvi, 469 pp., 58 pis. $2.25. Contains:

*The requisite and qualifying conditions of artesian wells, by T. C. Chamberlain, pp. 125 to 

173, PI. 21. Scope indicated by title.

*Twelfth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1890-91, J.W. Powell, 

Director. 1891. 2 parts. Pt. II Irrigation, xviii, 576 pp., 93 pis. $2. 

Contains:

irrigation in India, by H. M. Wilson, pp. 363-561, Pis. 107 to 146. See Water-Supply 

Paper 87.

Thirteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1891-92, J. W. 

Powell, Director, 1892. (Pts. II and III, 1893.) 3 parts. *Pt. Ill Irrigation, xi, 486 pp., 77 pis. $1.85. Contains:

*American irrigation engineering, by H. M. Wilson, C. E., pp. 101-349, Pis. Ill to 146. 

Discusses the economic aspects of irrigation, alkaline drainage, silt, and sedimentation; gives 

ferief history and legislation; descrifees canals; discusses water storage at reservoirs of the California and other projects, sufesurface sources of supply, pumping, and subirrigation.

Fourteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1892-93, J. W. 

Powell, Director. 1893. (Pt. II, 1894). 2 parts. *Pt. II Accompanying 

papers, xx, 597 pp., 73 pis. $2.10. Contains:

*The potable waters of the eastern United States, by W J McGee, pp. 1 to 47. Discusses 

cistern water, stream waters, and ground waters, including mineral springs and artesian wells.

*Natural mineral waters of the United States, by A. C. Peale, pp. 49-88, Pis. 3 and 4. Discusses the origin and flow of mineral springs, the source of mineralization,thermal springs, the 

chemical composition and analysis of spring waters, geographic distribution, and the utilization 

of mineral waters; gives a list of American mineral spring resorts; contains also some analysesNineteenth Annual Report of the United States Geological Survey, 1897-98, Charles 

D. Walcott, Director. 1898. (Parts II, III, and V, 1899.) 6 parts in 7 vols. 

and separate case for maps with Pt. V. *Pt. II Papers chiefly of a theoretic nature, v. 958 pp., 172 pis. $2.65. Contains:

*Principles and conditions of the movements of ground water, by F. H. King, pp. 59-294, Pis. 

6 to 16. Discusses the amount of water stored to sandstone, in soil, and in other rocks; the 

depth to which ground water penetrates; gravitational, thermal, and capillary movements of 

ground waters, and the configuration of the ground-water surface; gives the results of expert, 

mental investigations on the flow of air and water through rigid porous media and through 

sands, sandstones, and silts; discusses results obtained by other investigators, and summari/.es 

results of observations; discusses also rate of flow of water through sand and rock, the growth of 

rivers, rate of alteration through soil, interference of wells, etc.

*Theoretical investigation of the motion of ground waters, by C. S. Slichter, pp. 295-384, PI. 

17. Scope indicated by title.
INDEX BY AREAS AND SUBJECTS.

[A-=Annual Reports; M=Monograph; B=BuIletin; P=Professional Paper; W=Water-Supply Paper; 

GF=Geologic folio. For titles see preceding pages.]

Artesian waters: Essential conditions.................. A 5; B 319; P 44; W 67,114

Bibliographies 1 .............................................. W119,120,163, 427

Chemical analyses : 2 Methods and interpretation. W 151, 236,259,274, 364; B 479, 616 

Connecticut: Quality of waters; pollution................... W 79,144, 232, 374,397

Surface waters................................................ W 162

Underground waters....... W 57,102,110,149, 232, 374, 397; B 264, 298

Conservation........................................................ W 234,400a

Debris investigation.................................................... P 86,105

Delaware: Quality of waters...................................... 4 . W 258; B 138

Underground waters.............. W 57,114,149; B 138, 298; GF 137,162

District of Columbia: Quality of waters; pollution................ W 192, 236; B 138

Surface waters.................................... W 162,192

Underground waters........ W 57,114,149; B 138; GF 70,152

Divining rod _.............-..---.----.-----------..-.-.-..--............... W 416

Engineering methods.......................... W 1, 3, 8,20,41,42,43,56, 64,94, 95,

110,143,150,180,187, 200, 257, 337,345e, 371, 375c, e,f, 400c, 400rf, 425c 

Floods...-.........----------------------------------------- W 88, 92,147,162,334

India: Irrigation...................................................... A 12; W 87

Ice measurements.................................................... W 187, 337

Irrigation, general............................ A 12 ii, 13 iii; W 20, 22,41,42, 87,146

Legal aspects: Surface waters.................................. W 103,152,194, 238

Underground waters......................................... W 122

Maine: Quality of waters; pollution........... W 144,198, 223, 236, 258; GF 149,158

Surface waters...................................... A 6; W 69,162,198, 279

Underground waters................................................ W 57,

102,114,145,149, 223, 258; B 264, 298; GF 149,158,192 

Maryland: Quality of waters; pollution, etc.................... W 145,192, 236, 258

Surface waters. ............................................ W 162,192

Underground waters............................................ W 57,

114,145,149; B 138, 298; GF 13, 23, 70,136,137,152,160,182 

Massachusetts: Quality of waters; pollution.......................... W 79,144,185

Surface waters............................................. W 415

Underground waters...................... W 102,110,114,149; B 298

Mineral springs: Analyses........................................... A 14, ii; B 32

Origin, distribution, etc................................... A 14, ii

Lists............................................... B32; W 114

Motions of ground waters......................... A19,ii; B 319; W 67,110,140^ 155

New Hampshire: Quality of waters; pollution............................... W 144

Underground waters............ W 61,102,114,145,149; B 264, 298

i Many of the reports contain brief subject bibliographies. See abstracts.

J Many analyses of river, spring, and well waters are scattered through publications, as noted in abstracts.

XXXIII
XXXVI SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1917, PART I.

Machias River, Maine............

Madawaska River, Maine..........

Madison Brook, N. Y.............

Magalloway River, Maine.........

Matfield River, Mass..............

Mattawamkeag River, Maine......

Merrimac River, Mass., N. H.....

Messalonskee Stream, Maine......

Mianus River, Conn., N. Y.......

Middle Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream. 

Middle River, Va................

Millers River, Mass................

Millstone River, N. J.............

Mohawk River, N. Y..............

Monocacy River, Md..............

Mongaup River, N. Y............

Moose River, Maine...............

Moosehead Lake, Maine..........

Moss Brook, Mass..................

Musconetcong River, N. J.........

Mystic Lake, Mass.................

Nail Creek, N.Y..................

Nashua River, Mass...............

Nashua River, South Branch,

Mass...........................

Neversink River, N. Y............

Neshaminy Creek, Pa.............

Ninemile Creek, N. Y............

Normans Kill, N. Y..............

North River, Va..................

Occoquan Creek, Va..............

Octoraro Creek, Md................

Opequan Creek, W. Va...........

Oriskany Creek, N. Y............

Orland River, Maine.............

Ossipee River, Maine..............

Otter River, Mass.................

Passadumkeag River, Maine......

Passage Creek, Va................

Passaic River, N. J................

Passumpsic River, Vt.............

Patapsco River, Md...............

Patuxent River, Md...............

Paulins Kill, N. J.................

Pawcatuck River, R. I............

Pawtuxet River, R. I.............

Pemigewasset River, N. H........

Pemigewasset River, Middle

Branch, N. H..................

Penobscot River, Maine..........

Penobscot River, East Branch,

Maine.........................

Page.

VII

VII

XIV

IX

IX

VIII

IX

VIII

XI

XIV 

X

xin 

xn

XV

XIII

VIII

VIII

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XIII 

IX 

XII 

IX

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XIII

xni

XII

XII

xrv 

xv

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X

XIII 

XV

XIII 

X

XIV

XIV

XIII

X

X

IX

IX 

VIII

Page. 

Penobscot River, West Branch,

Maine......................... vin

Perkiomen Creek, Pa............. xni

Phillips Lake outlet, Maine....... vm

Piscataquis River, Maine.......... vni

Pomperaug River, Conn........... xi

Pompton, River N. J............. xin

Potomac River, D. C., Md., W. Va xiv 

Potomac River, North Branch,

Md., W. Va.................... xiv

Potomac River, South Branch, W.

Va............................. xiv

Presumpscot River, Maine......... ix

Priest Brook, Mass................ x

Providence River, R. I........... x

Quaboag River, Mass............. x

Quacken Kill, N. Y.............. xn

QuinebaugRiver, Conn............ x

Ramapo River, N. J............... xni

Rangeley Lake, Maine............ ix

RappahannockRiver, Va......... xv

Raritan River, N. J.............. xni

Raritan River, North Branch, N.J. xin

Raritan River, South Branch, N. J. xni

Reeds Brook, Maine............. vni

Reels Creek, N. Y................ xn

Roach River, Maine.............. vni

Rockaway River, N. J............. xni

Rock Creek, D. C................ xv

Rondout Creek, N. Y............. xn

Sacandaga River, N. Y........... xi

Sacandaga River, West Branch,

N.Y.......................... xi

Saco River, Maine, N. H......... ix

St. Croix River, Maine............ vn

St. Croix River, West Branch,

Maine......................... vii

St. Francis River, Maine......... vn

St. George River, Maine.......... vni

St. John River, Maine............. vn

Salmon River, Conn............... xi

Sandy River, Maine.............. vni

Saquoit Creek, N. Y.............. xn

Satucket River, Mass............ ix

Savage River, Md................. xiv

Schoharie Creek, N. Y............ xn

Schroon Lake, N. Y.............. xi

Schroon River, N. Y............. xi

Schuylkill River, Pa.............. xm

Sebago Lake outlet, Maine........ ix

Sebasticook River, Maine......... vm

Seekonk River, R. I............... x

Shenandoah River, Va............. xiv
INDEX OF STREAMS. XXXVII

Shenandoah River, North Fork, 

Va.............................

Shenandoah. River, South Fork, 

Va.............................

Shetucket River, Conn............

South Branch. See name of main

stream. 

South River, Va..................

Sip Pond Brook, Mass.............

Souhegan River, N. H.............

Starch Factory Creek, N. Y.......

Sudbury River, Mass............

Suncook River, N. H............

Susquehanna River, N. Y., Pa... 

Susquehanna River, West Branch,

Pa............................

Swift River, Mass.................

Sylvan Glen Creek, N. Y.........

Tenmile River, N. Y............

Tenmile River, R. I..............

Thames River, Conn..............

Tioughnioga River, N. Y.........

Tohickon Creek, Pa...............

Tully River, East Branch, Mass...

XIV

XIV

x

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x

IX

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IX

IX

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xrv

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XII 

XI 

X 

X

XIV

XIII

X

Tuscarora Creek, W. Va........... xiv

Union River, Maine............. vin

Union River, East Branch, Maine, vm

Union River, West Branch, Maine, vni

Wallkill River, N. Y.............. xn

Wanaque River, N. Y............ xin

Wappinger Creek, N. Y........... xn

Ware River, Mass................ x

Webb Brook, Maine.............. vm

West Canada Creek, N. Y........ xn

Westfield Little River, Mass....... xr

Westfield River, Mass............. xi

Westfield River, Middle Branch,

Mass........................... xr

Westfield River, West Branch, Mass xi

White River, Vt.................. x

Wills Creek, Md.................. xiv

Winnipesaukee Lake, N. H....... ix

Wissahickon Creek, Pa............ xni

Wood River, R. I................. x

Woonasquatucket River, R. I. ... x

Zealand River, N. H.............. x

West Branch or Fork. See name

of main stream.

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