DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 325

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1912

PART V. UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND 

HUDSON BAT BASINS

BY

A. H. HORTON, W. G. HOYT 

AND H. J. JACKSON

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1914
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SUEVEY

GEORGE OTI8 SMITH, DIBECTOB

WATER- SUPPLY PAPER 325

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1912

PAKT T. UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER AND 

HUDSON BAY BASINS

BY

A. H. HORTON, W. G. HOYT 

AND H. J. JACKSON

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1914
CONTENTS.

Page.

Authorization, and scope of work............................................. 7

Publications. .............................................................. 8

Definition of terms......................................................... 11

Convenient equivalents.......... ^......................................... 12

Explanation of data........................................................ 13

Accuracy and reliability of field data and comparative results................. 14

Cooperation................................................................ 16

Division of work.......................................................... 16

Station records............................................................ 17

Hudson Bay drainage area in the United States.......................... 17

St. Mary River near Babb, Mont.................................... 17

St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent Creek, at Babb, Mont............ 19

St. Mary River near Cardston, Alberta............................... 23

Swiftcurrent Creek at McDermott Lake, Mont........................ 25

Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherburne Lake, Mont........................ 27

Ottertail River near Fergus Falls, Minn.............................. 28

Red River at Fargo, N. Dak....................................... 31

Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak................................. 33

Pelican River near Fergus Falls, Minn............................... 36

Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn.............................. 38

Devils Lake near Devils Lake, N. Dak............................... 40

Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn.......................... 40

Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn................................ 43

Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn............................ 45

Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn.......................... 47

South Branch of Two Rivers at Hallock, Minn....................... 49

Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak................................... 51

Roseau River at Dominion City, Canada............................. 53

West Branch of Roseau River near Malung, Minn.................... 54

Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak...................................... 57

Evaporation at University, N. Dak.................................. 59

Rainy River at International Falls, Minn........................... 60

Rainy Lake near Ranier, Minn...................................... 64

Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, near Tower, Minn.......... 65

Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn............................... 67

Big Fork River at Big Falls, Minn.................................. 70

Upper Mississippi River drainage basin................................. 71

Mississippi River above Sandy River, near Libby, Minn............. 71

Mississippi River at Anoka, Minn................................... 72

Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn.................................. 75

Sandy River below Sandy Lake Reservoir, Minn..................... 77

Pine River below Pine River Reservoir, Minn....................... 79

Crow Wing River, at Nimrod, Minn................................. 80

Crow Wing River at Pillager, Minn.................................. 82

Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn.............................. 84

3
4 CONTENTS.

Station records Continued.

Upper Mississippi River drainage basin Continued. Page.

Sauk River near St. Cloud, Minn.................................... 87

Elk River near Big Lake, Minn..................................... 89

Crow River at Rockford, Minn...................................... 91

South Fork of Crow River near Rockford, Minn...................... 94

Rum River at Onamia, Minn........................................ 95

Rum River at Cambridge, Minn..................................... 97

Minnesota River near Odessa, Minn................................. 99

Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn............................. 101

Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn................................ 104

Whetstone River near Big Stone, S. Dak............................. 106

Lac qui Parle River at Lac qui Parle, Minn......................... 108

Chippewa River near Watson, Minn................................. 110

Redwood River near Redwood Falls, Minn.......................... 113

Cottonwood River near New Ulna, Minn............................ 114

St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wis............................. 117

Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn.................................. 118

Snake River at Mora, Minn......................................... 120

Cannon River at Welch, Minn....................................... 123

Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis............................. 125

Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis................................ 126

Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn.................................. 127

South Fork of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn................ 130

Root River near Houston, Minn..................................... 131

North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn................... 133

Wisconsin River near Rhinelander, Wis............................. 136

Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis..................................... 137

Wisconsin River near Necedah, Wis................................. 138

Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa............................. 138

Iowa River near Iowa Falls, Iowa................................... 140

Cedar River near Austin, Minn..................................... 141

Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa................................. 145

Des Moines River at Jackson, Minn................................. 146

Des Moines River near Fort Dodge, Iowa............................ 148

Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa ............................... 151

Sangamon River near Monticello, 111................................. 155

Sangamon River at Riverton, 111.................................... 157

Sangamon River near Oakford, 111.................................. 159

South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville, 111.................. 160

Salt Creek near Kenney, 111........................................ 162

Cahokia Creek near Poag, 111....................................... 165

Kaskaskia River near Arcola, 111..................................... 166

Kaskaskia River at Shelbyville, 111.................................. 167

Kaskaskia Riverat Vandalia, 111.................................... 170

Kaskaskia River at Carlyle, 111..................................... 173

Kaskaskia River at New Athens, 111................................ 175

Shoal Creek near Breese, 111......................................... 177

Silver Creek near Lebanon, 111..................................... 179

Big Muddy River near Cambon, 111................................. 182

Beaucoup Creek near Pinckneyville, 111............................ 184

Miscellaneous measurements................................................ 186

Summary of mean discharge per square mile................................ 186

Index.................................................................... 189
ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page. 

PLATE I. Typical gaging stations........................................... 14

II. Price current meters............................................... 15

5
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF UPPER MISSISSIPPI 

RIVER AND HUDSON BAY BASINS, 1912.

By A. H. HORTON, W. G. HOYT, and H. J. JACKSON

AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE OF WORK.

This volume is one' of a series of 12 reports presenting results of 

measurements of flow made on streams in the United States during 

the calendar year 1912. (

The data presented in these reports were collected by the United 

States Geological Survey under authority implied in the organic law 

(20 Stat. L., p. 394) which contains the following paragraph:

Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the geological 

survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

The work was begun in 1888 in connection with special studies of 

water supply for irrigation. Since the fiscal year ending June 30, 

1895, successive sundry civil bills passed by Congress have carried the 

following item and appropriations:

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and 

for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources.

Annual appropriations for the fiscal years ending June SO, 1895-1913.

1895......................................................... $12,500

1896......................................................... 20,000

1897 to 1900, inclusive....................................... 50,000

1901 to 1902, inclusive....................................... 100,000

1903to 1906, inclusive......................................... 200,000

1907......................................................... 150,000

1908 to 1910,inclusive....................................... 100,000

1911 to 1913,inclusive....................................... 150,000

In the execution of the work many private and State organizations 

have cooperated, either by furnishing data or by assisting in collecting 

the data. Acknowledgments for cooperation of the first kind are 

made in connection with the description of each station affected and 

of the second kind on page 16.

7
8 SUBFACE WATIE SUPPLY, 1912, PART T.

Measurements of stream flow have been made at about 2,000 points 

in the United States and also at many points in small areas in Seward 

Peninsula and the Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska, and in the Hawaiian 

Islands. During 1912 gaging stations were maintained by the Survey 

and the cooperating organizations at about 1,500 points, and many 

discharge measurements were made at other points. In connection 

with this work data were also collected in regard to precipitation, 

evaporation, storage reservoirs, river profiles, and water power in 

many sections of the country and will be made available in the regular 

water supply papers from time to time.

PUBLICATIONS.

A report for each calendar year has been prepared embodying the 

stream-flow data collected during that year. An index to the reports 

containing stream-flow measurements prior to 1904 has been published 

as Water-Supply Paper 119. Circulars are also available giving complete lists of the gaging stations maintained by the Survey to date, 

and a list of the reports relating to the water supply of the country.

Prior to 1902 gage heights and discharge measurements were published in water-supply papers of bulletins and estimates of monthly 

discharge in annual reports; since 1902 both classes of data have been 

published in water-supply papers, and they are now being published 

in 12 parts, as shown in the following table:

Papers on surface water supply of the United States,

Part."

I

II

III

IV

V 

VI

VII vni

IX

X

XI

XII

No.

321

322

323

324

325 

326

327

328

329

330

331

332

Title.

North Atlantic coast basins.

South Atlantic coast and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.

Ohio River basin.

St. Lawrence River basin.

Upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay basins. 

Missouri River basin.

Lower Mississippi River basin.

Western Gulf of Mexico basins.

Colorado River basin.

Great Basin.

Pacific coast basins in California.

North Pacific coast basins.

» For the purpose of uniformity in the presentation of reports, a general plan has been agreed upon by 

the United ....... States ..._........,. Reclamation Service, the United States Forest Service, the United States Weather

Bureau, and the United States Geological Survey, according to which the area of the United States has 

been divided Into 12 parts, whose boundaries coincide with natural drainage lines indicated by the parts 

of the report.
FCTBLICATIONS.

A list of reports containing stream-flow data is presented in the 

following table:

Streamsflow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[A=Annual Report; B=Bulletin; WS=Water-Supply Paper.]

Report.

10th A, pt. 2..........

llth A, pt. 2..........

12th A, pt. 2..........

13thA,pt.3. .........

14th A, pt. 2..........

B 131..... .............

16thA,pt. 2..........

B140..................

WS 11...... ...........

18th A, pt. 4..........

WS 15...... ...........

WS 16......... ........

19th A, pt. 4. .........

WS 27..... ............

WS 28..... ............

20thA,pt. 4..........

WS 35 to 39. ..........

21st A, pt. 4...........

WS 47 to 52. ..........

22dA.pt. 4. ..........

WS 65, 66.. ...........

WS75.................

WS 82 to 85...... ......

WS 97 to 100. .........

WS 124 to 135. ........

WS 165 to 178. ........

WS 210 to 214. ........

WS 241 to 252. ........

WS 261 to 272. ........

WS 281 to 292.........

WS 301 to 312. ........

WS 321 to 332. ........

Character of data.

.....do...........................................................

Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, ratings, and monthly 

discharge (also many data covering earlier years).

Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 

(also similar data for some earlier years). 

Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, eastern United 

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River above 

junction with Kansas. 

Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, western Mississippi River below junction of Missouri and Platte, and western 

United States. 

Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 

(also some long-time records). 

Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, eastern United States, 

eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River. 

Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, Arkansas River and 

western United States.

..... do..... ......................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

.....do...........................................................

Year. -

1884 to Sept., 

1890. 

1884 to June 30, 

1891. 

1884 to Dec. 31, 

1892. 

1888 to Dec. 31, 

1893. 

1893 and 1894.

1895.

1896. 

1895 and 1896.

1897. 

1897.

1897. 

1898. 

1898.

1898. 

1899. 

1899. 

1900. 

1900. 

1901. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1904. 

1905. 

1906. 

1907-8. 

1909. 

1910. 

1911. 

1912.

NOTE. No data regarding stream flow are given in the 15th and 17th annual reports.

The table which follows gives, by years and drainage basins, the 

numbers of the papers on surface-water supply published from 1899 

to 1911. The data for any particular station will be found in the 

reports covering the years during which the station was maintained. 

For example, data for any station in the area covered by Part I 

are published in Water-Supply Papers 97, 124, 165, 201, 241, 261, 

281, 301, and 321, which contain records for the New England streams 

from 1903 to 1912. The year covered by the report is indicated at 

the head of the column in which the paper is listed.
10 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream measurements, 1899-1912.

1899o 19006 1901 1902 1903 1904

North Atlantic coast (St. John 

River to York River)...........

South Atlantic coast and eastern 

Gulf of Mexico (James River to 

the Mississippi).................

Ohio River basin..................

St. Lawrence River and Great 

Lakes...........................

Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River......................

Missouri River....................

Lower Mississippi River..........

Western Gulf of Mexico...........

Colorado River....................

Great Basin.......................

Pacific coast in California.........

North Pacific coast................

35

035,36

36

36

36 

*36,37

37

37

»37,38 

38,P39 

38, r39

38

47.c48

48

48.» 49

49

49

49.* 50

50

50

50

51

51

51

65,75

65,75

65,75

65,75

,66,75

66,75

,66,75

66,75

66,75

66,75

66,75

66,75

82

082,83

83

783,85

84

/83,84

84

85

85

85

85

97

97

/ 98,99,100

99

798,99

99

100

100

100

100

d 124, e 125, /126

/126,127

128

129

i 128,130 

130, m 131 

} 128,131

132

133 

133,? 134

134

135

1905 1906 1907-8 1909 1910 1911 1912

North Atlantic coast (St. 

John River to York 

River)..................

South Atlantic coast and 

eastern Gulf of Mexico 

(James River to the 

Mississippi).............

Ohio River basin.........

St. Lawrence River and 

Great Lakes............

Hudson Bay and upper 

Mississippi River.......

Missouri River...........

Lower Mississippi River..

Western Gulf ofMexico...

Colorado River...........

Great Basin..............

Pacific coast in California.

North Pacific coast.......

<J165,«166,/167

/167,168

169

170

171

172 

/169,173

174

175,ol77 

176,? 177

177 

«177,178

<J201, «202,/203

/ 203,204

205

206

207

208 

/205.209

210

211 

212,? 213-

213

214

241

242

243

244

245

246

247

248

249 

250,? 251

251

252

261

263

267

270,? 271

271

272

281

282

283

284

285

286

287

291

292

301

302

303

304

305

306

307

308

309

310

311

312

321

322

323

324

325

326

327

328

320

330

331

332

« Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 contained in Water-Supply Paper 39. Estimates for 1899 in Twenty-first Annual Report, part 4.

& Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, wells, and irrigation 

in California and Utah contained in Water-Supply Paper 52. Estimates for 1900 in Twenty-second Annual 

Report, part 4.

c Wissahickon and Schuylkill rivers to James River.

<J New England rivers only.

e Hudson River to Delaware River, inclusive.

/ Susquehanna River to Yadkin River, inclusive.

g James River only.

A Scioto River.

*' Lake Ontario and tributaries to St. Lawrence River proper. 

j Tributaries of Mississippi from east.

* Gallatin River.

l Loup and Platte rivers near Columbus, Nebr., and all tributaries below junction with Platte.

TO Platte and Kansas rivers.

» Green and Gunnison rivers and Grand River above junction with Gunnison.

o Below junction with Gila.

p Mohave River only.

? Great Basin in California, excepting Truckee and Carson drainage basins.

r Kings and Kern rivers and south Pacific coast drainage basins.

* Rogue, TJmpqua, and Siletz rivers only.

Water-supply papers and other publications of the United States 

Geological Survey containing data in regard to the water resources 

of the United States may be obtained or consulted as indicated 

below.

1. Copies may be obtained free of charge by applying to the 

Director of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. The edition 

printed for free distribution is, however, small and is soon exhausted.
DEFINITION OF TERMS. 11

2. Copies may be purchased at nominal cost from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 

who will on application furnish lists giving prices.

3. Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries of the 

principal cities in the United States.

4. Complete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 

of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey, as follows:

Albany, N. Y., Room 18, Federal Building.

Atlanta, Ga., Post Office Building.

Newport, Ky., Federal Building.

Madison, Wis., care of the Railroad Commission, Capital Building.

St. Paul, Minn., Old Capitol Building.

Helena, Mont., Montana National Bank Building.

Denver, Colo., 302 Chamber of Commerce Building.

Salt Lake City, Utah, Brooks Arcade.

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building.

Portland, Oreg., 416 Couch Building.

San Francisco, Cal., 505 Custom House. .

Santa Fe, N. Mex., Capitol Building.

Honolulu, Hawaii, Kapiolani Building.

A list of the Geological Survey's publications will be sent on application to the Director of the United States Geological Survey, Washington, D4 C.

DEFINITION OF TERMS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups: (1) Those which represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miner's inches, and discharge in second-feet 

per square mile; and (2) those which represent the actual quantity 

of water, as run-off in depth in inches and acre-feet. The units used 

in this series of reports are second-feet, second-feet per square mile, 

run-off in inches, and acre-feet. They may be denned as follows:

"Second-foot" is an abbreviation for cubic foot per second and 

is the unit for the rate of discharge of water flowing in a stream 1 

foot wide, 1 foot deep, at a rate of 1 foot per second. It is generally 

used as a fundamental unit from which others are computed,by the 

use of the factors given in the following table of equivalents.

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, 

on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

"Eun-off (depth in inches)" is the depth to which the drainage area 

would be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period 

were conserved and uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used 

for comparing run-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed in 

depth in inches.
12 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

An "acre-foot" is equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet and is the quantity required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is 

commonly used in connection with storage for irrigation work.

CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS.

The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic 

computations:

Table for converting discharge in second-feet per square mile into run-off in depth in inches

over the area.

Discharge 

in secondfeet per 

square mile.

1.. .......

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Run-off in inches.

Iday.

0.03719 

.07438 

.11157 

.14876 

.18595 

.22314 

.26033 

.29752 

.33471

28 days.

1.041 

2.083 

3.124 

4.165 

5-. 207 

6.248 

7.289 

8.331 

9.372

29 days.

1.079 

2.157 

3.236 

4.314 

5.393 

6.471 

7.550 

8.628 

9.707

30 days.

1.116 

2.231 

3.347 

4.463 

5.578 

6.694 

7.810 

8.926 

10.041

31 days.

1.153 

. 2.306 

3.459 

4.612 

5.764 

6.917 

8.070 

9.223 

10.376

NOTE. For partial month multiply the values for one day by the number of days.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in acre-feet.

Discharge 

in secondfeet.

1... ......

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Run-off in acre-feet.

1 day.

1.983 

3.967 

5.950 

7.934 

9.917 

11.90 

13.88 

15.87 

17.85

28 days.

55.54 

111.1 

166.6 

222.1 

277.7 

333.2 

388.8 

444.3 

499.8

29 days.

57.52 

115.0 

172.6 

230.1 

287.6 

345.1 

402.6 

460.2 

517.7

30 days.

59.50 

119.0 

178.5 

238.0 

297.5 

357.0 

416.5 

476.0 

535.5

31 days.

61.49 

123.0 

184.5 

246.0 

307.4 

368.9 

430.4 

491.9 

553.4

NOTE. For partial month multiply values for one day by the number of days.

1 second-foot equals 40 California miner's inches (law of Mar. 23,1901).

1 second-foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons per 

minute; equals 646,317 gallons for one day.

1 second-foot for one year covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet or 13.572 inches deep.

1 second-foot for one year equals 31,536,000 cubic feet.

1 second-foot equals about 1 acre-inch per hour.

1 second-foot for one day equals 86,400 cubic feet.

1,000,000,000 (1 United States billion) cubic feet equals 11,570 second-feet for 

one day.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 414 second-feet for one 28-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 399 second-feet for one 29-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 386 second-feet for one 30-day month.
EXPLANATION OF DATA. 13

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 373 second-feet for one 31-day month.

100 California miner's inches equals 18.7 United States gallons per second.

100 California miner's inches for one day equals 4.96 acre-feet.

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 2.60 second-feet.

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 19.5 United States gallons per second.

100 Colorado miner's inches for one day equals 5.17 acre-feet.

100 United States gallons per minute equals 0.223 second-feet.

100 United States gallons per minute for one day equals 0.442 acre-foot.

1,000,000 United States gallons per day equals 1.55 second-feet.

1,000,000 United States gallons equals 3.07 acre-feet.

1,000,000 cubic feet equals 22.95 acre-feet.

1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet.

1 inch deep on 1 square miles equals 0.0737 second-foot per year.

1 foot equals 0.3048 meter.

1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers.

1 mile equals 5,280 feet.

1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare.

1 acre equals 43,560 square feet.

1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly.

1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers.

1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meter.

1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds.

1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-foot.

1 horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per second.

1 horsepower equals 76.0 kilogram-meters per second.

1 horsepower equals 746 watts.

1 horsepower equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet.

1J horsepower equals about 1 kilowatt.

To calculate water power quickly: ec '" in ee __ue{. horsepower on water 

wheel realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power.

EXPLANATION OF DATA.

For each regular current-meter gaging station the following data 

are given: Description of the station, list of discharge measurements, 

table of daily gage heights, table of daily discharges, table of monthly 

and yearly discharges and run-off. For stations located at weirs or 

dams the gage-height table is omitted.

In addition to statements regarding the location and installation 

of current-meter stations, the descriptions give informatiDn in regard 

to any conditions which may affect the constancy of the relation of 

gage height to discharge, covering such points as ice, logging, shifting 

channels, and backwater; also information regarding diversions 

which decrease the total flow at the measuring section. Statements 

are also made regarding the accuracy and reliability of the data.

The table of daily gage heights records the daily fluctuations of the 

surface of the river as found from the mean of the gage readings taken 

each day, usually in the morning and in the evening. The gage height 

given in the table represents the elevation of the surface of the water
14 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

above the zero of the gage. All gage heights affected by the presence 

of ice in the streams or by backwater from obstructions are published 

as recorded, with suitable footnotes. The rating table is not applicable for such periods unless the proper corrections to the gage 

heights are known and applied. Attention is called to the fact that 

the zero of the gage is placed at an arbitary datum and has no relation to zero flow or the bottom of the river. In general the zero is 

located somewhat below the lowest known flow, so that negative readings shall not occur.

The discharge measurements and gage heights are the base data 

from which rating tables, daily discharge tables, and monthly discharge tables are computed.

The rating table gives, either directly or by interpolation, the discharge in second-feet corresponding to every stage of the river 

recorded during the period for which it is applicable. It is not published in this report, but can be determined from the tables of daily 

gage heights and daily discharge by plotting gage heights in feet as 

ordinates and discharge in second-feet as abscissas.

The table of daily discharges gives the discharges in second-feet 

corresponding to the observed gage heights as determined from the 

rating tables.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow, as determined from the rating table, for the 

day when the mean gage height was highest. As the gage height is 

the mean for the day, it does not indicate correctly the stage when the 

water surface was at crest height, and the corresponding discharge 

was consequently larger than given in the maximum column. Likewise, in the column of "Minimum" the quantity given is the mean 

flow for the day when the mean gage height was lowest. The column headed "Mean" is the average flow in cubic feet for each second 

during the month. On this the computations for the remaining 

columns, which are defined on page 11, are based.

The base data presented in this leport, unless otherwise stated in 

description of station, have been collected by the methods commonly 

used at current-meter gaging stations and described in standard textbooks.

Plate I shows typical gaging stations. Plate II shows current 

meters used in the work.

ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF FIELD DATA AND 

COMPARATIVE RESULTS.

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily on the natural 

conditions at the gaging station and on the methods and care with 

which the data are cc llected. Errors of the first group depend on the 

degree of permanency of channel and of permanency of the relation 

between discharge and stage.
U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 325 PLATE I

TYPICAL GAGING STATIONS.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

PRICE CURRENT METERS.
ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF FIELD DATA. 15

Errors of the second class are due, first, to errors in observation of 

stage; second, to errors in measurements of flow; and, third, to errors 

due to misinterpretation of stage and flow data.

In order to give engineers and others information regarding the 

probable accuracy of the computed results, footnotes are added to the 

daily discharge tables, stating the probable accuracy of the rating 

tables used, and an accuracy column is inserted in the monthly discharge table. For the rating tables "well defined" indicates, in general, that the rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly 

well defined/' within 10 per cent; "poorly defined" or "approximate," within 15 to 25 per cent. These notes are very general and 

are based on the plotting of the individual measurements with reference to the mean rating curve.

The accuracy column in the monthly discharge table does not 

apply to the maximum or minimum nor to any individual'day, but to 

the monthly mean. It is based on the accuracy of the rating, the 

probable reliability of the observer, and knowledge of local conditions. 

In this column, A indicates that the mean monthly flow is probably 

accurate within 5 per cent; B, within 10 per cent; C, within 15 per 

cent; D, within 25 per cent. Special conditions are covered by footnotes.

Even though the monthly means for any station may represent 

with a high degree of accuracy the quantity of water flowing past the 

gage, the figures showing discharge per square mile and depth of runoff in inches may be subject to gross errors which result from including in the measured drainage area large noncontributing districts or 

omitting estimates of water diverted for irrigation or other use, and 

they should, therefore, be considered as only approximate, particularly for periods of irrigation or of low water. For these errors it is 

as a rule not feasible to make adequate correction.

In general, the base data collected each year by the Survey engineers are published, not only to comply with the law, but also to 

afford any engineer the means of examining and adjusting to his own 

needs the results of the computations. The table of monthly discharge is so arranged as to give only a general idea of the. flow at the 

station and should not be used for other than preliminary estimates. 

The determinations of daily discharge allow more detailed studies of 

the variation in flow by which the period of deficiency may be determined.

It should be borne in mind that the observations in each succeeding 

year may be expected to throw new light on data already collected 

and published, and the engineer who makes use of the figures presented in these papers should verify all ratings and make such adjustments for earlier years as may seem necessary.
16 SUEPACB WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

COOPERATION.

The work in Minnesota during 1912 has been done with State 

cooperation under terms of an act of the legislature of 1909 as embodied in joint resolution 19, which reads as follows:

Whereas the water supplies, water powers, navigation of our rivers, drainage of our 

lands, and the sanitary condition of our streams and their watersheds generally form 

one great asset and present one great problem, therefore: Be it resolved by the house of 

representatives, the senate concurring, That the State Drainage Commission be, and is 

hereby, directed to investigate progress in other States toward the solution of said 

problem in such States, to investigate and determine the nature of soil problem in 

this State.

The work has been carried on in conjunction with the State Drainage Commission, George A. Ralph, chief engineer.

The State of Illinois cooperated in stream-gaging work in that State, 

the appropriation being under the control of the Rivers and Lakes 

Commission, Robert R. McCormick, chairman.

DIVISION OF WORK.

The field data in the Hudson Bay drainage basin, except in Minnesota, were collected under the direction of W. A. Lamb, district engineer, Helena, Mont., by E. F. Chandler, R. R. Randell, George Ebner, 

Goric Monley, and W. B. Stevenson. The ratings and studies of the 

completed data were made by W. A. Lamb, E. F. Chandler, G. C. 

Stevens, and B. E. [Jones. Estimates of flow during periods when the 

relation of gage height to discharge was affected by ice were made by 

G. C. Stevens, B. 1$. Jones, and E. F. Chandler.

The field data in the Hudson Bay drainage basin in Minnesota were 

collected under the direction of W. G. Hoyt,- district engineer, St. 

Paul, Minn., by E. F. Chandler, S. B. Soule", George Ebner, Goric Monley, W. B. Stevenson, and E. J. Budge. The ratings and studies of the 

completed data were made by W. G. Hoyt, E. F. Chandler, and H. J. 

Jackson. The estimates of flow during periods when the relation of 

gage height to discharge was affected by ice were made by W. G. 

Hoyt and E. F. Chandler.

The field data for the upper Mississippi River drainage basin, 

except in Illinois, were collected under the direction of W. G. Hoyt, 

district engineer, St. Paul, Minn., by S. B. Soule, B. J. Peterson, and 

M. J. Orbeck. The ratings and studies of the completed data were 

made by W. G. Hoyt and H. J. Jackson. Estimates of flow when 

the relation of gage height to discharge was affected by ice were 

made by W. G. Hoyt.

In the upper Mississippi River drainage basin in Illinois the field 

data were collected under the direction of A. H. Horton, district engi-
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA UNITED STATES. 17

neer, Newport, Ky., by P. S. Monk. The ratings and studies of the 

completed data were made by A. H. Horton and H. J. Jackson, 

Estimates of flow during periods when the relation of gage height to 

discharge was affected by ice were made by H. J. Jackson.

The completed data for the report, except the stations in Montana 

and North Dakota, were prepared for publication by H. J. Jackson, 

assistant engineer. Data for stations in Montana and North Dakota 

were prepared for publication by G. C. Stevens, assistant engineer.

The computations were made under the direction of H. J. Jackson 

and G. C. Stevens, by J. G. Mathers, H. D. Padgett, H. J. Dean, C. L. 

Batchelder, and M. I. Walters.

The report was edited by Mrs. B. D. Wood.

STATION RECORDS.

HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 

ST. MARY RIVER NEAR BABB, MONT. 1

Location. Near dam Bite a quarter of a mile below the outlet of Lower St. Mary 

Lake, 1 mile above the mouth of Swiftcurrent Creek, and about 2 miles south of 

Babb, Mont.

Records available. April 9, 1902, to December 31, 1912. .

Drainage area. 177 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage on the right bank of the Btream; datum unchanged. A temporary low-water gage has been used during the winter months.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from cable 300 feet below the gage. In September, 1909, the cable was moved from a point 300 feet farther downstream. 

Low-water measurements are made by wading one-fourth mile above, the gage.

Winter flow. The channel freezes over at the gage and considerable ice exists in 

the stream, but records are not believed to be seriously affected thereby.

Floods. The flood of June 5, 1908, reached a stage of about 9.4 feet.

Accuracy. Rating curve is well defined except for winter months. Inaccuracies in 

datum of temporary gage and possible effect from ice affect the winter records. 

The winter estimates are believed to be fair, however.

Discharge measurements of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., in 1912.

Date.

Mar. 16o

July 2

Dec. 166

Hydrographer.

W. A. Lamb............................................................

R. E. Eandell... ........................................................

W. A. Lamb............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.68

3.58

1.16

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

49

1,330

117

« By wading 200 yards above gage. Ice along both banks at gage and at control; channel open at control. 

6 From cable. Ice on edges at gage and at cable.

i The records for this station were published in Water-Supply Papers 85 and 100 as " St. Mary River at 

dam site near St. Mary," and in Water-Supply Paper 130 as "St. Mary River near St. Mary."

29804° WSP 325 14 2
18 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., for 1912. 

[Carl Giruin, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24................

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

0.8 

.8 

.8 

.8 

.8

.8 

.8 

.8 

.8 

.8

.8 

 .8 

.85 

.9 

.9

.9 

.9 

.9 

.9 

.9

.9 

.9 

.9 

.9 

.9

.9 

.9 

.9 

.9 

.9

.9

Feb.

0.90 

.90 

.90

.87 

.87

.85 

.85 

.83 

.80 

.80

.80

.80 

.78 

.78 

.78

.78 

.78 

.78

.78 

.78

.78 

.78 

.78 

.78 

.78

.78

.78 

.78 

.78

Mar.

0.78 

.78 

.78 

.78 

.78

.78 

.78 

.78 

.78

.75

.75 

.72 

.72 

.70 

.70

.68 

.68 

.68 

.68 

.68

.68 

.68 

.68 

.68 

.68

.70 

.70 

.70 

.72

.72 

.72

Apr.

0.78 

.78 

.80 

.80 

.83

.86 

.90 

.90 

.92 

.95

1.05 

1.1 

1.15 

1.07 

1.10

1.30 

1.32 

1.38 

1.42 

1.48

1.50 

1.5 

1.6 

1.6 

1.65

1.7 

1.7 

1.7 

1.75 

1.65

May.

1.6 

1.7 

1.8 

1.9 

1.9

1.9 

1.95 

2.0 

2.1 

2.1

2.2 

2.3 

2.5 

2.6 

3.0

3.2 

3.4 

3.6 

3.7 

3.8

4.0 

4.0 

4.0 

3.9 

3.8

3.8 

3.8 

3.7 

3.7 

3.6 

3.6

June.

3.6 

3.6 

.3.6 

3.6 

3.5

3.4 

3.4 

3.4 

3.4 

3.5

3.6 

3.8 

3.8 

3.8 

3.8

3.8 

3.7 

3.6 

3.6 

3.6

3.6 

3.6 

3. 6 

3.6 

3.6

3.6 

3. 6 

3.6 

3.6 

3.6

July.

3.6 

3.6 

3.5 

3.4 

3.4

3.3 

3.3 

3.2 

3.1 

3.0

3.0 

2.9 

2.8 

2.8 

2.8

2.8 

2.7 

2.7 

2.7 

2.6

2.6 

2.7 

2.8 

2.8

2.8

2.9 

2.9 

 2.8 

2.8 

2.8 

2.7

Aug.

2.7 

2.6 

2.6 

2.6 

2.6

2.6 

2.6 

2.6 

2.6 

2.5

2.5 

2.45 

2.45 

2.4 

2.35

2.3 

2.3 

2.25 

2.2 

2.2

2.2 

2.1 

2.1 

2.1 

2.1

2.1 

2.1 

2.0 

2.0 

2.0 

1.95

Sept.

1.9 

1.9 

1.85 

1.9 

1.8

1.85 

1.8 

1.85 

1.85 

1.85

1.9 

1.85 

1.9 

1.9 

1.8

1.85 

1.85 

1.8 

1.8 

1.75

1.5 

1.7 

1.7 

1.7 

1.6

1 65 

1.6 

1.6 

1.55

1.55

Oct.

1.5 

1.4 

1.4 

1.35 

1.4

1.4 

1.35 

1.4

1.4 

1.3

1.35 

1.3 

1.35 1.3 

1.4

1.4 

1.4 

1.4 

1.5 

1.5

1.55 

1.5 

1.6 

1.55 

1.6

1.55 

1.5 

1.6 

1.55 

1.6 

1.55

NOTE. Temporary gage used Jan. 1 to Apr. 13. Ice present in the stream from Jan. 1 to a 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont:, for

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

38 

42 

46 

50

54

59 

59 

59 

59 

59

59 

59 

66 

73 

73

73 

73 

73 

73 

73

73 

73 

73 

73 

73

73 

73 

73 

73 

73 

73

Feb.

73 

73 

73 

69 

69

66 

66 

63 

59 

59

59 

59 

57

57 

57

57 

57 

57

57 

57

57 

57 

57 

57 

57

57

57 

57 

57

Mar.

57 

57 

57 

57 

57

57 

57 

57 

57 

53

53 

49 

49

47 

47

45 

45 

45 

45 

45

45 

45 

45 

45 

45

47 

47 

47 

49 

49 

49

Apr.

57 

57 

59 

59 

63

67 

73 

73

76 

81

98 

107 

118 

102 

107

153 

159 

177 

190 

210

217

217 

253 

253 

272

290 

290 

290 

309 

272

May.

253 

290 

328 

366 

366

366 

386 

405 

445 

445 

490 

540 

645 

700 

935

1,060 

1,200 

1,360 

1,440 

1,520

1,680 

1,680 

1,680 

1,600 

1,520

1,520 

1,520 

1,440 

1,440 

1,360 

1,360

June.

1,360 

1,360 

1,360 

1,360 

1,280 

1,200 

1,200 

1,200 

1,200 

1,280

1,360 

1,520 

1,520 

1,520 

1,520

1,520 

1,440 

1,360 

1,360 

1,360

1,360 

1,360 

1,360 

1,360 

1,360

1,360 

1,360 

1,360 

1,360 

1,360

July.

1,360 

1,360 

1,280 

1,200 

1,200

1,130

1,130 

1,060 

995 

935 

935 

875 

815 

815 

815

815

755 

755 

755 

700

700 

755 

815 

815 

815

875 

875 

815 

815 

815 

755

Aug.

755 

700 

700 

700 

700

700 

700 

700 

700 

645

645 

618 

618 

590 

565

540 

540 

515 

490 

490

490

445 

445 

445 

445

445 

445 

405 

405 

405 

386

Sept.

366 

366 

347 

366 

328

347 

328 

347 

347 

347

366 

347 

366 

366 

328

347 

347 

328 

328 

309

328 

290 

290 

290 

253

272 

253 

253 

235 

235

Oct.

217 

183 

183 

168 

183

183 

168 

183 

183 

153

168 

153 

168 

153 

183

183 

183 

183 

217 

217

235 

217 

253 

235 

253

235 

217 

253 

235 

253 

235

Nov.

1.5 

1.55 

1.5 

1.5 

1.5

1.5 

1.5 

1.45 

1.5 

1.45

1.45 

1.5 

1.5 

1.6 

1.55

1.55 

1.6 

1.55 

1.6 

1.6

1.5 

1.5 

1.5 

1.5 

1.45

1.5 

1.4 

1.4 

1.4 

1.35

Dec.

1.4 

1.3 

1.3 

1.35 

1.3

1.3" 

1.3 

1.25 

1.3 

1.3

1.2 

1.2 

1.2 

1.2 

1.15

1.2 

1.2 

1.2 

1.15 

1.15

1.1 

1.1 

1.1 

.1 

.1

.05 

.0 

.0 

1.0 

.95 

.95

out Mar. 25. 

91t.

'Tov.

217 

235 

217 

217 

217

217 

217

200 

217 

200

200 

217 

217 

253 

235

235 

253 

235 

253 

253

217

217 

217 

. 217 

200

217 

183 

183 

183 

168

Dec.

183 

153 

153 

168 

153

153 

153 

140 

153 

153

128 

128 

128 

128 

118

128 

128 

128 

118 

118

107 

107 

107 

107 

107

fc9 

89 

89 

89 

81 

81

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined except for the winter months. Discharge Jan. 1 to 5 interpolated because of doubtful accuracy of gage heights from temporary gage and possible 

backwater from ice.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AEEA IN UNITED STATES. 19

Monthly discharge of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 177 square miles.]

Month.

arch......................

pril. ...................

ay........................

iy........... .............

ecember... ...............

Discharge in second-feet. .

MspriTnrtiTTi,

73

73 

57 

309 

1,680 

1,520 

1,360 

755 

366 

253 

253 

183

1,680

Minimum.

'57 

45 

57 

253 

1,200 

700 

386 

235 

153 

168 

81

Mean.

65.3 

60.6 

50.0 

158 

979 

1,360 

920 

560 

321 

201 

217 

125

419

Per 

square 

mile.

0.369 

.342 

.282 

.893 

5.53 

7.68 

5.20 

3.16 

1.81 

1.14 

1.23 

.706

2.37

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.43 

.37 

.33 

1.00 

6.38 

8.57 

6.00 

3.64 

2.02 

1.31 

1.37 

.81

32.23

Total in 

acre-feet.

4,020 

3,490 

3,070 

9,400 

60,200 

80,900 

, 56,600 

34,400 

19,100 

12,400 

12,900 

7.690

304,000

Accuracy.

D. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

ST. MARY RIVER BELOW SWIFTCURRENT CREEK, AT BABB, MONT.1

] location. At Babb, Mont., about 1 mile below the mouth of Swiftcurrent Creek.

Becords available. July 14,1901, to October 18,1902, and May 13,1910, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 298 square miles.

Gage. The original gage was a staff nailed to a pier of the highway bridge at Babb. 

This .gage was used in 1901 and 1902, and was destroyed by the flood of June 5, 

1908. On May 13, 1910, a staff gage was installed on the left bank about 75 feet 

below the old site, and at a different datum. A temporary chain gage was also 

installed for low-water readings. On July 19,1911, a new chain gage was installed 

on the right bank, about 100 feet farther downstream, and at a different datum. 

On May 1,1912, a gage was established on an overflow channel from Swiftcurrent 

Creek and gage readings obtained from May 2 to November 24. This overflow 

discharges into St. Mary River below the gage.

<3hannel. Likely to change.

] Discharge measurements. In 1901 and 1902, made from highway bridge; in 1910, 

from a footbridge 100 feet above the gage; in 1911, from a cable, 50 feet above the 

gage. Low-water measurements are made by wading. The overflow from Swiftcurrent Creek is measured from a footbridge.

[Floods. Probably thje highest stage was reached June 5, 1908. No records of this 

flood were obtained at this point.

Winter flow. Gage heights are affected by ice during the'winter months.

A.ccuracy. Bating curves for the main stream and for Swiftcurrent Creek overflow 

are well denned and records are excellent except during the winter months.

Discharge measurements of St. Mary River below Swift/current Creek, at Babb, Mont., in

1912.

Da^e.

Mar. 16 

May 1 

June 8 

July 2

Hydrographer.

W. A. Lamb...........

.....do..................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.45 

4.65 

6.05 

6.38

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

58 

514 

1,580 

1,740

Date.

Aug. 17 

Sept. 19 

Dec. 16

Hydrographer.

W. A. Lamb...........

.....do................. 

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

4.88 

4.52 

3.89

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

687 

458

177

NOTE. These measurements do not include the overflow from Swiftcurrent Creek.

1 The records at this station for 1901 and 1902 were published in Water-Supply Paper 66 as for " St. Mary 

River at Main, Mont."
20 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Discharge -measurements of Swiftcurrent Creek overflow at Babb, Mont,, in 1912.

Date.

May 1

July 2

Hydrographer.

W. A. Lamb...........

.....do.................

R. R. Randell. ........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.55

6.25

6.37

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

44.7

108

110

Date.

Aug. 17

Sept. 19

Dec, 16

Hydrographer.

W. A. Lamb...........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.45

»5.0

4.4

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

40.2

12.7

62.0

Approximate. 6 Estimated.

Daily gage height, in feet, of St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent Creek, at Babb, Mont.,

for 1912.

[Carl Giruin, observer.]

Day.

1...............

^...... .........

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24................

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

4.0

3.8

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.2

4.15

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.3

4.0

3.7

3.7

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

Feb.

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.73

3.73

3.7

3.7

3.7

3,68

3.68

3.65

3.65

3.62

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

Mar.

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.58

3.58

3.55

3.52

3.5

3.48

3.48

3.48

3.48

3.48

3.48

3.48

3.48

3.48

3.48

3.48

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.52

3.55

3.55

Apr.

3.65

3.68

3.9

3.95

3.85

a q

3.9

4.03

4.13

4.2

4.32

4.33

4.33

4.35

4.35

4.38

4.4

4.42

4.45

4.5

4.5

4.55

4.6

4.6

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

May.

4.6

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.75

4.75

4 9

5.1

5.4

5.6

5.6

5.7

5.8

5.9

6.1

6.45

6.6

6.6

6.7

6.8

6.8

6.8

6.7

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.6

June.

6.6

6.6

6.5

6.4

6.3

6.4

6.4

6.6

6.7

6.7

6.8

6.8

. 6.7

6.6

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6-4

6.4

6.5

6.5

July.

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.4

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.1

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.7

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.6

5.6

5.7

5.8

S.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.7

5.7

Aug.

5.6

5.7

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.35

5.25

5.3

5.2

5.05

5.1

4.95

4 9

4.9

4.85

4.85

4.8

4.75

4.8

4.75

4.75

4.7

4.75

4,75

4.75

4.7

4.65

4.65

4.6

4.6

4.6

Sept.

4.5

4.55

4.5

4.5

4.45

4.45

4.5

4.5

4.55

4.55

4.55

4.6

4.6

4.65

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.55

4.55

4.5

4.5

4.55

4.45

4.5

4.35

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.3

.......

Oct.

4.25

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.15

4.15

4.2

4.15

4.1

4.05

4.05

4.1

4.05

4.15

4.2

4.25

4.3

4.4

4.35

4.35

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.35

4.3

4.3

4.4.

4.35

4.35

4.35

Nov.

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.3 -

4,25-

4.25

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.25

4.3

4.35

4.35

4.35

4.4

4.35

4.35

4.35

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.25

4.25

4.25

4.2

4.2

Dec.

4^2

4.2

4.2

4.15

4.15

4,15

4.05

4.05

4.05

4.05

4.05

3.95

3.95

3.95

3.85

3.85

3.85

3.85

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3

O

3.8

3.8

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.7

3.7

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Feb. 5. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary iRiver below Swiftcurrent Creek, at Babb, Mont.,

fo 1912.

-Day. -

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

a,. .....

10..........

F«b.

118

118

118

113

113

Mar.

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

86

Apr.

104

113

184

203

167

184

184

234

276

307

May.

525

562

Kfin

562

593

593

688

822

1 O3fl

1.18Q

June.

I Qfifl

1.960

1,880

1 onn

1,780

1,760

1 740 I'TSO i son

1.800

July.

1,880

1,880

1,880

i snn

1,720

i fidn

1,640

1 480

1.400

Aug.

1,180

1,260

1,100

1,030

961

997

926

961

QQ1

788

Sept.

447

475

447

447

421

447

47f»

475

Oct."

324

302 *>no

302

302

281

001

281

260

' NOV;'

0/17

347

347

347

347

324

324

302

OftO

302

Dec.

307

307

307

.285

285

285

919

 949

242-

242
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN UNITED STATES.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent Creek, at Babb,, Mont.,

for 19U Continued.

-Day.

11..........

12.......... 11

14..........

15..........

16...........

17..........

18. ......... to'

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24v.. .......

25..........

26..........

27. .........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Feb.

104

104

96

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

Mar.

86

SO

73

68

64

64

64

64

64

64

64

64

64

64

64

68

68

68

73

80

80

Apr.

367

372

372

382

382

398

409

. 420

437

454

465

465

495

525

525

557

557

557

557

557

May.

1,'180

1,260

1,330

1,400

1,560

1.840

1,960

1,960

2,040

2,120

2,120

2,120

2,040

1,960

1,960

1,960

1,960

1,960

1,960

1,960

1,960

June.

1,960

2,040

2,040

2,120

2,120

2,040

1,960

1,880

1,800

1,800

1,800

1,800'

1,800

1,800

1,800

,800

,800

,800

,880

,880

July.

1,330

1,260

1,260

1,180

1,180

1,180

, 1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,180

1,180

1,260

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,260

1,260

Aug.

822

721

688

688

656

656

624

593

624

593

593

562

593

593

593

562

532

532

503

503

503

Sept.

475

503

503

532

503

503

503

475

475

447

447

475

421

447

371

347

347

347

347

336

Oct.

240

240

260

240

281

302

324

347

395

371

371

395

395

395

371

347

347

395

371

371

371

Nov.

302

324

347

371

371

371

395

371

371

371

347

347

347

347

356

332

332

332

307

307

Dec, ,

242

 203

- - 203

203

167

167

167

167

150

150

156

150

150

150

150

134

134

134

134

118

118

NOTE. Daily discharge previous to May 2 and after Nov. 24 computed from a well-defined rating curve 

based on discharge measurements that include the flow in Swifteurrent overflow channel. Discharge 

May 2 to Nov. 24 computed from a well-defined rating curve based on measurements that do not include 

the flow in the Swiftcurrent overflow channel.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Swiftcurrent Creek overflow at Babb, Mont., for

[Carl Giruin, observer.]

Day.

1.... ...... ..................................

2............................................

3............................................

4............................................

5..................................:.........

6............................................

7............................................

8............................................

9. <r». ........................................

l(h'... .....I........-.--...-.-........--......

11............................................

12............................:...............

13............................................

14............................................

15............................................

16............................................

17............................................

18............................................

!».... ........................................

20............................................

21............................................

22............................................

23............................................

24............................................

25............................................

26............................................

27............................................

28............................................

29............................................

in

01

-May.

5.45

5.42

5.4

5.35

5.5

' 5.8

6.0

6.35

6.5

6.4

6.5

6.5

6.55

6.7

6.75

6.85

6.8

6.8

6.75

6.'8

6.75

6.6

6.55

6.6

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.6

6.6

6.6

June.

6.55

6.45

6.45

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.25

6.35

6.55

6.6

6.6

6.7

6.6

6.6

6.55

6.55

6.5

6.4

6.45

6.4

6.4

6.35

6.35

6.3

6.3

6.4

6.4

-6.4

6.4

July.

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.35

6.2

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.0

6.0

6.1

6.05

6.2

6.1

6.0

6.0

5.95

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.95

6.0

6.1

ft 9

6.25

6.25

ft 9

6.05

5.0

5 Q

Aug.

5.8

5.75

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.65

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.35

5.35

5.3

5.3

5.35

5.25

5.35

5.3

5.3

5.25

5.25

5.25

5.25

5.25

5.25

5.25

5.2

5.2

5.1

5.1

Sept.

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.95

4.95

4.9

4.95

4.95

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

4

QK

4.9

4 O

4.9

4 Q

Oct.

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.85

4.85

4.8

4.8

4.8 4.8--

4.75

4.75

4.75

4.75

4.8

4.9

5.0

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.25

5.25

5.2

5.2

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

 5.0

Nov.

5.0

A. QK

4; 95

4.9

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.65

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9

5.0

5.1

» 

5.2

5.25

5.25

5.25

5.25

5.25

5.1

5.0
22 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of/Suriftcurrent Creek overflow at Babb, Mont., for 191%.

Day.

1........................... .................

2............................................

3............................................

4............................................

5............................................

6............................................

7............................................

8.........................;..................

9............................................

10............................................

11.............................................

12............................................

13.. ........................................

14.............................................

15.............................................

16............................................

17............................................

18............................................

19............................................

20.................'...........................

21.... .................. .....'.................

22.............................................

23............................................

24............................................

25............................................

26............................................

27............................................

28............................................

29............................................

30............................................

31............................................

May.

39

36

35

32

42

66

82

112

125

116

125

,125

130

144

149

159

154

154

149

154

149

134

130

134

144

144

144

134

134

134

June.

125

130

120

120

116

107

107

102

112

130

134

134

144

134

134

130

130

125

116

120

116

116

112

112

107

107

116

116

116

116

July.

116

116

116

112

107

98

90

90

90

82

82

90

86

98

90

82

82

78

74

74

74

78

82

90

98

102

102

98

86

82

74

Aug.

66

62

58

58

58

54

50

50

. 42

35

35

32

32

28

28

32

25

32

28

28

25

25

25

25 "25

25

25

22

22

18

18

Sept.

14

14

14

14

12

12

10

12

12

14

14

14

18

18

18

18

18

18

14

14

14

14

14

14

12

12

10

10

10

10

Oct.

10

10

10

9.2

9.2

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

7.0

7.0

7.0

7.0

8.0

10

14

18

22

28

28

28

25

25

22

22

18

18

18

18

18

14

Nov.

14

12

12

10

9.2

8.0

6.0

6.0

5.2

4.4

6.0

8.0

10

14

18

22

25

25

25

25

25

25

18

14

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined above 20 second-feet and fairly 

well defined below. Discharge estimated for July 30 as gage height is believed to be in error.

Combineddaily discharge, in second-feet,-ofSt. Mary River andSvriftcurrent Creek overflow

at Babb, Mont., for 1912.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Feb.

118

118

118

113

113

104

104

96

91

Q1

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

Mar.

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

91

86

86

80

73

68

64

64

64

64

64

fi4

fi4

64

64

64

64

68

68

68

73

80

SO

Apr.

104

113

184

203

167

184

184

234

276

307

367

372

372

382

382

398

409

420

437

454

465

465

495

525

525

557

557

557

557

557

May.

525

601

598

597

625

635

754

904

1,140

1,300

1 Vlft

1,380

1,460

1,530

1,700

1,990

2,120

2,110

2,190

2,270

2,270

2,270

2,170

2,090

2,090

2,100

2,100

2 inn

2,090

2,090

2.090

June.

2,080

2,090

2,000

1,920

1,900

1,870

1,850

1,820

1,910

1,930

2,090

2,170

2,180

2,250

2,250

2,170

2,090

2,000

1,920

1,920

1,920

1,920

1,910

1,910

1,910

1,910

1,920

1,920

2,000

2,000

July.

2,000

2,000

2,000

1,910

1,830

1,740

1,730

1,650

1,570

1,480

1,410

1,350

1,350

1,280

1,270

1,260

1,180

1,180

1,170

1,170

1,170

1 260

i*9fin

1,350

1 430

1,430

1,430

1,430

1,420

1,340

1.330

Aug.

1,250

1,320

1,160

1,090

1,020

1,050

976

1,010

933

823

857

753

720

716

784

688

649

625

652

621

618

587

618

618

618

587

557

554

525

521

521

Sept.

461

489

461

461

433

. 433

457

459

487

489

489

517

521

550

521

521

521

4QO

489

461

461

A on

jioc

461

AQO

359

-357

357

357 '346

Oct.

334

312

312

311

311

289

289

310

289

267

247

247

267

248

291

316

342

369

423

QQQ

3QQ

420

420

417

393

365

365

413

389

389

385

Nov.

361

359

359

357

356

332

330

308

307

306

308

332

SK7

385

389

393

420

396

396

OQft

372

372

365

361

ocft

332

332

332

307

307

Dec.

307

307

_ 307 ^285

285

2S5

242

242

242

242

242

203

203

203

167

167

167

167

150

150

150

150

150

150

150

134

134

134

134

118

118
HUDSON BAY DBAINAGE AREA IN UNITED STATES.

Combined monthly discharge of St. Mary River and Swiftcurrent Creek overflow at Bdbb,

Mont., for 1912.

[Drainage area, 298 square miles.]

Month.

March.. .

April.... ...................

May........................

July........................

The year.... .........

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

118 

91 

557 

' 2,270 

2,250 

2,000 

1,320 

550 

423 

420 

307

2,270

Minimum.

64 

104 

525 

1,820 

1,170 

521 

346 

247 

306 

118

64

Mean.

98.4 

99.7 

75.9 

374 

1,590 

1,990 

1,460 

775 

461 

340 

353 

196

653

Per 

square 

mile.

0.330 

.335 

.2S5 

1.26 

5.34 

6.68 

4.90 

2.60 

1.55 

1.14 

1.18 

.658

2.19

Run-off.

Depth in 

incites on 

drainage 

area.

0.38 

.36 

.29 

1.41 

6.16 

7.45 

5.65 

3.00 

1.73 

1.31 

1.32 

.76

29.82

Total in 

acre-feet.

6,050 

5.730 

4,670 

22,300 

97,800 

118,000 

89,800 

47,700 

27,400 

20,900 

21,000 

12,100

473,000

Accuracy.

D. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B.

NOTE. Mean discharge Jan. 1 to 12 estimated at 80 second-feet; mean discharge Jan. 13 to Feb. 5 estimated 

at 110 second-feet.

ST. MAEY RIVER NEAR CARDSTON, ALBERTA.

Location. At Henry Cook's ranch, about half a mile north of the boundary line 

between the United States and Canada, about a mile below the mouth of Boundary 

Creek, and about 17 miles southeast of Cardston.

Records available. September 4,1902, to December 31,1912.

Drainage area. 452 square miles.

Gage. The gage installed when the station was established was destroyed during, 

the high water of June, 1908, and a new chain gage was installed July 19, 1908, 

about one-fourth mile downstream." No determined relation between the two

Channel. Shifting.

Discharge measurements. Made from a cable one-fourth mile above the gage.

Floods. The flood of June 5, 1908, reached a gage height of about 12.75 feet above

the old gage datum.

Winter flow. Gage heights are affected by ice during the winter. 

Accuracy. Conditions in the channel remained fairly permanent during 1912, and

records are good.

Discharge measurements of St. Mary River near Cardston, Alberta, in 1912.

Date.

Apr. 30

June 7 

30

Hydrographer.

W. A. Lamb...........

.....do.................

R. R. Randell.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.80

3.45 

3.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

675

1,870 

2,090

Date.

Aug. 16

Sept. 19

Hydrographer.

.....do.................

Gape 

height.

Feet. 

2.00

1.40

Discharge.

See.-ft.

786

529
24 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of St. Mary River near Cardston, Alberta, for 191%. 

[Mrs. H. F. Cook, observer.]

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13.........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29. ........

30..........

31..........

Feb.

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.2

1.4

2.0

9 fi

2.0

2.0

Mar.

2.0

2.0

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.65

- 1.7

1.7

1.85

1.9

1.8

1.G5

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

Apr.

2.0

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.15

1.2

1.3

1.6

1.3

1.5

1 "C

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.85 

1 9

May.

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.2

9 3

2.5

2 7

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.5

4.0

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.8

5.2

5.2

4.8

4.7

4.5

4.5

4.8

4. 6 

4.3

June.

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.5

4.5

3.9

3.8

4.0

. 4.0

4.1

4.2

4.15

3.8

July.

3.8

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.9

3.4

3.4

2.9

2.8

. O

2.6

2.6

Aug.

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.5

1.5

Sept.

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.05

Oct.

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

.95

.95

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.35

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

Nov.

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.2

1.2

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Dec.

0.9

.9

.8

.8

.75

.7

 --.-7"

.7

.65

.65

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.65

. .6

.55

.5

.5

.5.

.5

.5

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge aflected by ice Jan. 1 to about Apr. 2 and probably also Dee. 

12 to 31.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River near Cardston, Alberta, for 1912.

Day.

I....... ....... ........... ...

2............................

3............................

4.......................... .

5.;..........................

^.. ..........................

7............................

8............................

9............................

10............................

ii... "..... ......... .... .

12............................

13............................

14........................ . .

15............................

16....................:.......

17............................

18............................

19............................

20.............................

21............................

22............................

23............................

^.. ..........................

25...:..... ...................

26... ......;.;:..;...... ....

27............................

28............................

29............................

30.......................... .

31............................

Apr.

150

200

404

404

404

388

388

388

388

436 j 452'

486

545

604

545

486

618

674

674

674

674

674

674

723

723

7OO

723

723

748

May.

801

801

801

801

801

801

801

918

982

1,120

1,260

1,570

1,900

2,340

2.800

2

QrtA

S

nofi

3 480

3,4SQ

3,080

2,990

2,800

"2,800

9 onfl

3r080

2,900

2,610

2,520

June.

2,430

2,250

2,160

2,160

2,070

1,980

1,820

1.980

2,160

2,340

2,520

2,610

2,700

2,900

2,800

2,800

2,520

2,250

2,160

2,220

2,280

2,340

2,340

2 i^n

2,520

2,480

2,430

2,340

2,250,

2,160

July.

2,160

2,070

1,900

1,820

1,740

1,650

1,650

1,650

1,650

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,490

1,420

1,340

1,340

1,340

1,420

1,820

1,820

1.720

1,620

1,520

1,420

1,340

1,340

1,190

1,190

Aug.

1,190

1,220

1,260

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,120

1,050

1,050

982

950

918

801

801

801

801

801

801

801

801

748

748

748

698

650

650

627

604

561

561

Sept.

561

561

561

522

522

522

522

561

561

571

582

593

604

604

604

604

561

522

522

522

522

486

486

469

452

452

436

419

419

404

Oct.

388

388

388

388

388

374

374

374

381

388

388

388

388

388

388

419

452

452

463

475

486

486

504

452

452

452

452

452

452

452

452

Nov.

436

436

436

436

436

419

419

419

419

436

452

452

470

487

504

522

486

452

452

436

436

419

404

396

388

388

388

388

388

374

Dec.

359

359

331

331

318

311

304

304

304

300

296

-,.-

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined below 3,000 second-feet. Discharge 

Apr. 1 to 2 and Dec. 11-12 estimated. Discharges interpolated for days of no gage-height between Apr. 

13 afid Dec. 6. Mean discharge Dec. 12 to 31 estimated because of belief that gage heights were affected 

by ice.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN UNITED STATES. 25

Monthly discharge of St. Mary River near Cardston, Alberta, for 

[Drainage area, 452 square miles.]

Month.

January. ... .......................

March.............................

April... ...........................

May...............................

if une ..............................

July...............................

September ..... ..................

November.............'. ...... . .

The year. ...................

Discharge in second-feet. .

Maximum.

748 

3,480 

2,900 

2,160 

1,260 

604 

504 

522 

359

3,480

Minimum.

150 

801 

1,820 

1,190 

561 

404 

374 

374

Mean.

0130 

«120 

olio 

642 

2,030 

2,350 

1,580 

887 

524 

423 

432 

249

783

Per 

square 

mile.

0.288 

.265 

.243 

1.20 

4.49 

5.20 

3.50 

1.96 

1.16 

.936 

.956 

.551

- 1.73

Run-pff.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

a. 33

.29 

. .28 

1.34 

5.18 

5.80 

4.04 

2.26 

1.29 

1.08 

1.07 

.64

23.60

Total in 

acre-feet.

7,990 

6,900 

6,760 

32,300 

125,000 

140,000 

97,200 

54,500 

31,200 

26,000 

25,700 

15,300

569,000

« Estimated by comparison witn other stations on St. Mary River. 

NOTE. Mean discharge Dec. 12 to 31 estimated at 210 second-feet.

SWIFTCTJRRENT CREEK AT McDERMOTT LAKE, MONT.

Location. In sec. 12, T. 35 N., R. 16 W., at the outlet of McDermott Lake, about

14 miles southwest of Babb, Mont. 

Records available. June 6 to November 8, 1912. 

Drainage area. 31.4 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff attached to post on left bank at the lake outlet. 

Channel. Practically permanent. The control is a limestone reef at the lake

outlet.

Discharge measurements. Made by wading or from a cable across the outlet. 

Winter flow. Station not maintained during winter. Ice exists at the gage but

control section probably remains unobstructed. 

Accuracy. A curve well denned below 500 second-feet was developed for 1912.

Gage heights during low water may be affected by wind action on the lake and

therefore may not represent the mean flow for the day.

Discharge measurements of Swifteurrent Creek at McDermott Lake, Mont., in 1912.

Date.

Aug. -8

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.53

2.06

1.39

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

280

117

26

«Ice at gage and along edges at measuring section. Control not obstructed.
26 , SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily gage "height, infect, of Swiftcurrent Creek at McDermott Lake, Mont., for 1912.

[G. L. Roberts, observer.}

Day.

1.. ........

2..........

3..........

4...........

5..........

6..........

7. .........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13... ...... .-

14..........

15..........

June.

2.53

2.5

2.7

2.9

3.0

2.9

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.85

July.

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

25

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

?,.3

Aug.

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

Sept.

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1 O

Oct.

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1

C

1 ft

1.8

1 Q

1.9

i fi

1.8

1.8

1.8

1

0

Nov.

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

i a

1

O

i fi

i fi

Day.

16..........

17..........

18..........

10

20..........

Of

99

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31

June.

9 fiS

2.6

9 fi

2.7

2.8

2.8

9 0

2.9

3.1

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.8

My.

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.5

2 7

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3 '2.2

?,.?,

Aug.

9 1

9 1

9 1

2.1

2.1

9 1

9 1

2.1

2,1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

Sept.

1 O

1 O

1.9

1.9

1.9

1

O

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1 St

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

Oct.

1

C

1

0

1 ft

1.8

1.8

i fi

i fi

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

Nov.

NOTE. Gage heights at low stages may be affected by wind action on the lake and therefore may not 

represent the mean flow for the day.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Swiftcurrent Creek at McDermott Lake,' Mont., for 191%.

Day.

1. .........

2. .........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

June.

280

266

364

485

554

485

706

554

554

454

July.

364

312

312

266

266

266

225

225

225

225

225

225

188

188

188

Aug.

155

155

127

127

127

127

127

127

127

127

197

127

127

127

Sept.

103

103

103

103

103

103

103

103

103

103

103

103

103

103

84

Oct.

68

68

68

68

68

68

68

68

84

84

68

68

68

68

68

Nov.

68

68

68

68

68

68

Afi

68

Day.

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23.......:..

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

June.

338

312

312

364

422

422

485

485

628

485

422

364

312

312

422,

July.

188

188

188

188

266

364

312

266

225

188

188

188

188

188

155

155

Aug.

127

127

127

127

127

127

127

127

127

127

127

127

127

103

103

103

Sept.

84

84

84

84

84

68

68

68

68

68

68

68

68

68

68

Oct.

68

68

68

68

68

68

68

68

68

68

68

68

68

68

68

68

Nov.

__

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined below 500 second-feet. 

Monthly discharge of Swiftcurrent Creek at McDermott Lake, Mont., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 31.4 square miles.]

Month.

July.........................

November 1-8 ..............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

706 

364 

155 

103 

84 

68

Minimum.

266 

155 

103 

68 

68 

68

Mean.

431 

230 

126

87-5 

69.0 

68.0

Per 

square 

mile.

13.7 

7.32 

4.01 

2.79 

2.20 

2.17

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

12.75 

8.44 

4.62 

3.11 

2.54 

.65

Total in 

acre-feet.

21,400 

14,100 

7,750 

5,210 

4,240 

1,080

53,800

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IF UNITED STATES. 27

SWIFTCURRENT CREEK AT SHERBURNE LAKE, MONT.

Location. In sec. 35, T. 36 N., R. 15 W., at the outlet of lower Sherbume Lake, just 

above the boundary line between Glacier National Park and Blackfeet Indian 

Reservation.

Records available. July 1 to December 15, 1912.

Drainage area. 64.0 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff on left bank near the outlet of the lake.

Channel. Apparently permanent.

Discharge measurements. By wading or from a cable located below the gage.

Winter flow. Affected by ice.

Diversion. No artificial storage or diversion above the station.

Accuracy. A rating table well denned between 90 and 500 second-feet has been 

developed. Accuracy of gage heights may be affected by wave action on the lake.

Discharge measurements of Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherbume Lake, Mont., in 1912.

Date.

July 1

Aug. 15

Hydrographer.

B,. E. Randell.. .......

W. A. Lamb...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.42

3.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

453

151

Date.

Sept. 18

Dec. 156

Hydrographer.

W. A. Lamb............

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. «2.7

2.53

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

103

47

* Gage height approximate because of waves. & Frozen over. Gage height affected.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherbume Lake, Mont., for 1912.

[F. M. Stevenson, observer.]

Day.

1.......... 

2.......... 

3..........

4.......... 

5..........

6..........

7.. ..... 

8..........

9..........

10..........

U.. ........

12..........

13.......... 

14..........

15..........

July.

4.4 

4.4 

4.25

4.05 

4.05

4.05

3.95 

3.85 

3.85

3.8

3.85 

4.05

4.05 

4.1 

3.95

Aug.

3.7 

3.65 

3.65

3.7 

3.7

3.5

3.35 

3.3

3.25

3.25

3.25 

3.2

3.15 

3.15 

3.1

Sept.

2.85 

3.0 

3.0

3.0 

2.95

2.9

2.9 

2.9 

3.05

3.2

3.26 

3.25

3.2 

3.25 

3.1

Oct.

2.44 

2.40 

2.32

2.35 

2.36

2.40

2.42 

2.38 

2.40

2.40

2.38 

2.36

2.34 

2.26 

2.28

Nov.

2.39 

2.32 

2.26

2.20 

2.26

2.28

2.32 

2.45 

2.7

2.95

2.95 

2.8

2.85 

2.8 

2.8

Dec.

2.30 

2.33

2.40 

2.5

2.6

2.7 

2.7 

2.75

2.75 

2.8

"2."55

Day.

16.......... 

17..........

18..........

19.......... 

20..........

21..........

22.......... 

23..........

24..........

25..........

26.......... 

27..........

28.......... 

29.......... 

30.......... 

31..........

July.

3.85 

3.8 

3.65

3.45 

3.9

4.5

4.8 

4.8 

5.1

4.8

4.4 

4.15

4.0

3.9 

3.85 

3.75

Aug.

3.15 

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.05 

3.15 

3.2

3.2

3.2 

3.1

3.0 

2.9 

2.9 

2.65

Sept.

2.95 

2.8 

2.6

2.6 

2.7

2.7

2.6 

2.6 

2.6

2.5

2.5 

2.5

2.5 

2.5 

2.45

Oct.

2.39 

2.5 

2.85

3.0 

3.0

3.05

2.95 

3.05 

2.85,

2.8

2.6

2.55

2.6 

2.7 

2.6 

2.55

Nov.

2.7 

2.55 

2.44

2.5

2.7

2.9

2.8 

2.6

2.49

2.65

2.55 

2.41

2.38 

2.32 

2.28

Dec.

......

......

......

......

......

NOTE. Gage heights after Dec. 1 affected by ice. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Swiftcurrent Creek at Sherbume Lake, Mont., for 1912.

Day.

1..........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

July.

449

449

407

353

353

353

328

302

302

290

302

353

353

366

328

Aug.

266

254

254

266

266

222

192

183

174

174

174

166

158

158

151

Sept.

120

138

138

138

132

126

126

126

144

166

174

174

166

174

151

Oct.

80

77

72

74

75

77

78

76

77

77

76

75

73

69

70.

Nov.

76

72

69

66

fin

70

72

80

103

132

132

114

120

114

114

Dec.

71

70

69

68

67

66

65

64

63

62

59

56

53

50

47

Day.

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23...........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

July.

302

OQft

254

212

315

478

571

571

672

571

449

380

340

315

302

278

Aug.

158

166

166

151

138

138

144

158

166

166

166

151

138

126

126

98

Sept.

132

114

QO

93

103

103

93

93

93

84

84

84

84

84

80

Oct.

76

86

120

138

138

144

132

144

120

114

93

88

93

103

93

88

Nov.

103

88

80

84

1(V>

126

114

93

83

98

88

78

76

72

70

Dec.

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined between 90 and 500 second-feet. 

Discharge Dec. 2 to 15 estimated from measurement Dec. 15.
28 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Swifteurrent Creek at'Sherburne Lake, Mont., for 191%. 

[Drainage area, 64 square miles.]

Month.

July .....................

December 1-15. .............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

672 

266 

174 

144 

132 

71

VjtifnrniTii212 

98 

80 

69 

66 

47

Mean.

374 

175 

120 

93.4 

91.9 

62.0

Per 

square 

mile.

5.84

2.74 

1.88 

1.46 

1.44 

.969

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

6.73 

3.16 

2.10 

1.68 

1.61 

.54

Total in 

acre-feet.

23> 000 

10,800 

7, WO 5.740- 

5,470 

1,840

54,000

Accu- 

.racy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. - 

C.

 \^

OTTERTAIL RIVER NEAR FERGUS FALLS, MINTST.

Location. At Three-mile Bridge, 3J miles northeast of Fergus Falls, between sees. 

18 and 19, T. 133 N., R. 42 W., several miles above the outlet of Wall Lake, and 

20 miles below Ottertail Lake, through which the river flows.

Records available. May 9,1904, to December 31,1912. A gaging station was maintained from May 1, 1899, to May 14, 1904, by the Engineer Corps, United States 

Army, at the outlet of Ottertail Lake, where the drainage area is about 12 per 

cent less than at the Geological Survey station, with no important tributaries 

intervening. The observations at Fergus Falls in connection with those at the 

outlet of Ottertail Lake furnish a 13-year record of flow of the river below Otter* 

tail Lake.

Drainage area. 1,310 square miles. .

Gage. Chain attached to the bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Discharge measurements are made from the,bridge 

except at extreme, low stages, when they are made at a wading section.

Winter flow. The river is frozen over from December to March and measurements 

are made to determine the winter flow. ~~ - ~

Artificial control. Ottertail Lake, about 22 square miles in area, forms a natural 

reservoir which regulates the flow of the river to such an extent that the recorded 

range of stage has not exceeded 2 feet. On the upper part of the river are a 

number of dams used in driving logs to the sawmill at Frazee, where the lowest 

dam is built. The next dam below Frazee is at Maine, several miles below 

Ottertail Lake, about sec. 35, T. 134 N., R. 41 W. During the low-water season 

the closing of the turbine gates at Maine may have an effect on the flow immedLately below the dam. Small lakes through which the river flows before reaching 

the gaging station tend to equalize the flow at the latter point. Below the station 

there are a number of power plants, but owing to the fall of the river their influence is not observable at the gage.
HUDSON BAY DKAINAGE ABBA IN UNITED STATES. 29 

Discharge measurements ofOttertail River near Fergus Falls, Minn., in 191%.

Date.

Feb. 296

May 7

Hydrographer.

S. B. Soule"..... ........

.....do..................

W. G. Hoyt.. ..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.75

3.69

2.95

Discharge.

See. ft. 

60

72

301

Date.

Dec. 17<*

Hydrographer.

S. B. Soute.. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.78

3.23

Discharge.

Sec. ft. 

221

152

a Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 1.79 feet; average distance from water surface to top of 

ice, 0.06 foot.

6 Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 2.14 feet; average distance water surface to top of ice, 

0.29 foot. -

e Measurement made by wading at section above gage.

d Complete ice cover at measuring section and at gage; average thickness of ice, 0.81 foot; average distance from water surface to top of ice, 0.05 foot. Partly open at controlling section.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Ottertail River near Fergus Falls, Minn., for 1912. 

[H. G. Evensen, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2..*.,..........

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8............... 

9...............

10...............

11............... 

12............... 

13............... 

14............... 

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20............... 

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

26............... 

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.9

3.3

3.4

"3." i"

"i'ss"

.......

3.6

3.7

3.75

3.7

.......

Feb.

3.75

3.8

"is"

"4."6"

4.1

4.6

 4.1

3.95

3.7

.......

Mar.

3.8

3.85

3.9

"i'ss"

4.0

"i.T"

4.4

4.2

"i'ss"

Apr.

3.9

3.9

3.6

3.5

2.8

9 7

2.7

2.65 

2.6

2.5

2.6 

2.55 

2.55 

2.6 

2.6

2.65

2.65

2.7 

2.7

2.6 

2.7

2.7 

2.7

2.75

2.8 

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8 

2.7

May.

2.8

2.8

2.9

3.0

3.05

3.0

3.0

2.95 

2.95

2.85

2.95 

2.95 

2.9 

2.9 

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9 

2.9

2.7 

2.95

2.95

2.95

2.95

2.9 

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.0 

2.9

2.95

June.

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.05 

3.05

2.95

3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

 3.05

3.05

3.05

3.05 

3.05

2.95 

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.0 

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0 

2.9

July.

2 Q

3.0

2.95

2.85

2.95

2.95

2.85

3.2 

3.15

3.0

3.05 

3.0 

2.9 

3.0

2.95

2.95

2.85

2.95 

2.9

2.8 

2.9

2.9

2.75

2.85

2.85 

2.85

2.75

2.85

2.8 

2.7

2.75

Aug.

2.65

2.65

2.75

2.65

2.85

2.75

2.9

2.85 

2.9

2.8

2.8 

2.8 

2.85 

2.85 

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8 

2.75

2.65 

2.7

2.7

2.65

2.65

2.65 

2.65

2.65

2.65

2.65 

2.7

2.7

Sept.

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7 

2.7

2.6

2.75 

2.75 

2.75 

2.75 

2.75

2.75

2.7

2.7 

2.65

2.55 

2.65

2.65

2 7

2.7

2.8 

2.8

2.75

2.75

2.75 

2.75

Oct.

2.7

2.7

2 7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.65

2.65 

2.7

2.6

2.7 

2.7 

2.7 

2.7 

2.7

2.65

2.65

2.65 

2.65

2.65 

2.65

2.65

2.65

2.7

2.7 

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7 

2.6

2.7

Nov.

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.65

2.65

2.65

2.7 

2.6

2.7

2.7 

2.7 

2.7 

2.7 

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7 

2.7

2.6

2.75

2.75

2.75

2.75

2.75 

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.7 

2.8

Dec.

2.8

2.8

2.9

......

2.85

3.25 "is"

3.4

......

......

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Apr. 5, and about Nov. 30 to 

Dec. 31.
30 SURFACE WATER 'SUPPLY, 1912, PART y. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofOttertail River near Fergus Falls, Minn.,for 1912.

Day.

1..... ...............................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12..........:.........................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

201

201

184

168

138

168

153

153

168

168

184

184

901

201

168

201

201

201

218

236

236

236

236

236

201

May.

236

236

274

315

336

315

315

294

294

255

294

294

274

274

274

274

274

274

274

201

294

294

294

294

274

274

315

315

315

274

294

June.

336

336

336

336

336

336

336

336

336

294

315

315

315

315

336

336

336

336

336

294

336'

336

336

336

315

315

315

315

315

274

July.

274

315

294

255

294

294

255

402

380

315

336

315

274

315

294

294

255

294

274

236

274

274

218

255

253

255

218

255

236

201

218

Aug.

184

184

218

184

255

218

274

255

274

236

236

236

255

255

236

236

236

236

218

184

201

201

184

184

184

184

184

184

184

201

201

Sept.

168

201

201

201

201

201

201

201

201

168

218

218

218

218

218

218

201

201

184

153

184

184

201

201

236

236

218

218

218

218

Oct.

201

201

201

201

201

201

184

184

201

168

201

201

201

201

201

184

184

184

184

184

184

184

lad

201

201

9fYI

201

201

201

168

201

Nov.

201

201

Ortl

201

1fi4

Ifid

201

168

201

nrvt

9/11

201

201

201

9/11

201

9/11

ICQ

*>1Q

218

01 c

91 ft

010

201

201

OOfi

201

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge Jan. 1 to Apr. 5 and Nov. 

30 to Dec. 31,1912, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's records, and elimatologic records as follows: Jan. 1-31,80 second-feet, varying from about 90 to 60 second-feet; Feb. 1-29,70 

second-feet; Mar. 1-31,70 second-feet; Apr. 1-5,120 second-feet, varying from about 90 to 160 second-feet; 

Nov. 30,200 second-feet; Dec. 1-31,164 second-feet, varying from about 200 to 128 second-feet.

Monthly discharge ofOttertail River near Fergus Falls, Minn.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 1,310 square miles.]

Month.

May........................

July........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

236 

336 

336 

402 

274 

236 

201 

236

Minimum.

138 

201 

274 

201 

184 

153 

168 

16S

Mean.

80 

70 

70 

181 

284 

325 

278 

216 

204 

193 

201 

164

189

Per

square 

mile.

0.061 

.053 

.053 

.138 

.217 

.248 

.212 

.165 

.156 

.147 

.153 

.125

.144

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.07 

.06 

.06 

.15 

.25 

.28 

.24 

.19 

.17 

.17 

.17 

.14

1.95

Total in 

acre-feet.

4,920 

4,030 

4,300 

10,800 

17,500 

19,300 

17,100 

13,300 

12,100 

11,900 

12,000 

10,100

137,000

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. A.- 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN UNITED STATES.

RED RIVER AT FARGO, N. DAK.

Location. At the highway bridge connecting Front Street, Fargo, N. Dak., with 

Moorhead, Minn., 10 miles above the mouth of Sheyenne River.

Records available. May 27,1901, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 6,020 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff attached to the breakwater for the center pier of the Front 

Street Bridge; read from the bridge or the river banks by the aid of a field glass; 

datum unchanged since establishment.

Channel. Clay and silt; slightly shifting.

Discharge measurements. From the Front Street Bridge and the Northern 

Pacific Railway bridge.

Artificial control. There is a low dam of steel sheet piling a few rods below the footbridge at Fargo Waterworks, one-half mile above the gage. Thia dam, a tight 

overflow weir without sluices, was built in August, 1910, for the purpose of maintaining a sufficient depth of water for the intake pipe of the waterworks, and 

raises the water about 5 feet at lowest stage. Conditions of flow at the gage are 

not affected by this dam.

Winter flow. The relation of gage height to discharge ia affected by ice from about 

the middle of November to the first of April, and during thia time observations 

are discontinued. At the spring break-up, on account of the comparatively 

sluggish current and the fact that the river flows northward into a colder district, 

a pronounced backwater effect ia usually caused by ice jams and partial ice jams.

Accuracy. Because of the inaccessibility of the gage, the relatively poor conditions 

for making accurate discharge measurements, and the slightly shifting channel, 

the records are not considered better than fair.

Discharge measurements of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., in 1912.

Date.

May 25

Aug. 30

Oct. 30

Hydrographer.

.....do.....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.78

7.11

7.53

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

576

179

228

NOTE. Measurements made from Front Street Bridge.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Bed River at Fargo, N. Dak., for 191%. 

[E. H. Grasse, observer.]

Day.

i.. ...... ...........

2................;..

3...................

4................... 5........:..........

6...................

7.. .................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

Mar. Apr.

84

&5

8.7

9.1

9.4

9.5

9.9

10.4

10.2

9.4

9.0

8.8

8.6

8.4

8.4

8.3

8.2

8.4

8.6

8.8

May.

8.2

8.2

8.3

8.3

8.6

9.0

9.7

9.9

10.2

10.4

10.4

10.4

10.5

10.6

10.4

10.3

10.0

S.8

9.4

9.1

June.

9.0

8.9

8.7

8.6

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.4

8.4

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.6

8.6

8.5

8.4

8.4

8.5

8.5

 8.5

July.

8.5

8.4

8.4

8.4

8.4

8.5

8.5

8.4

8.5

8.5

8.7

8.9

9.0

9.1

8.8

8.5

8.5

8.6

8.6

8.5

Aug.

7.9

7.8

7.6

7.6

7.5

7.3

7.3

3.,&

7.6

7.5

7.6

7.8

8.1

8.8

8.7

8.5

8.5

8.5

as

8.5

Sept.

7.3

7.3

7.5

7.5

7.6

7.5

7.4

7.5

7.4

7.4

7.3

7.2

7.2

7.3

7.2

7.2

7.1

7.1

7.2

7.3

Oct.

8.0

7.9

7.9

7.8

7.7

7?6

7.6

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.6

7.5

7.5

Nov.

7.7

7.6

7.7

7.7

7.8

7.7

7.5

7.4

7.5

7.5

7.6

7.6

7.5

7.4

7.3

7.2

7.1

7.1

7.2

7.3

Dec.

7.1

7.1

7.2

7.2

7.1

7.1

7.1
32 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., for 1912 Continued.

Day.

21...................

22...................

23...................

W.. .................

25.... ...............

26...................

27...................

28................'...

29...................

30...................

31...................

Mar.

7.3

7.3

7.4

7.4

7.4

7.8

Apr.

8.6

8.4

8.3

8.2

8.2

8.2

8.1

8.2

8.3

May.

C Q

8.»

8.8

8.8

8.8

8.8

8.8

8.8

8.9

8 9

8 9

June.

8.6

9 n

8.9

8.8

8.8

8.7

8.7

8.6

8.6

8.6

July.

8.4

8.4

. 8.3

8.2

8.1

8.2

8.1

8.0

. 8.0

7 Q

7 Q

Aug.

8.0

7.8

7.6

7.5

7.4

7.3

7.2

7.2

7.2

7.3

7.3

Sept.

7.4

7.4

7.5

7.6

7.6

7.7

7.8

7.8

7.9

7 Q

Oct.

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.6

7.6

Nov.

7.4

.7.4

7.4

7.3

7.2

7.0

6.9

7.0

7.0

7.1

Dec.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge believed to have been affected by ice from Mar. 26 to 31 and 

from Nov. 19 to Dec. 7. No records obtained before and after these dates.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., for 1912.

Day.

1.... ...............

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8. ..................

9

10...................

11...................

19

1^

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19

20...................

21...................

23 ......... .......

24...................

25...................

26...................

97

98

29...................

QA

^1

Mar.

120

120

140

140

230

Apr.

475

500

551

657

740

768

885

1 f\A£\

976

74fl

630

577

525

475

475

450

426

475

COK

577

525

475

450

426

426

426

402

426

450

450

May.

426

450

450

525

630

826

QQC

Q7fi

1 040

1 040

l'040

1,070

1,100

1,040

1,010

915

855

74fl

657

603

577

577

577

FJ77

577

577

577

603

603

603

June.

630

603

551

525

500

500

500

475

475

CAA

CAA

Wi

525

CAA

475

475

500 eru\

500

525

630

603

577

C77

551

551

525

525

525

July.

500

475

475

475

475

500

500

475

Kf\n

500

551

603

630

657

577

CAA

500

525

525

500

475

475

450

426

402

426

402

07O

378

qcc

355

Aug.

355

332

288

288

266

224

224

266

266

288

990

4ft9

577

551

<wv»

500

500

500

500

378

332

288

266

245

224

204

204

204

224

Sept.

222

220

260

258

277

253

230

940

226

224

202

181

17Q

196

175

153

151

168

185

200

200

220

240

94(1

261

282

304

304

Oct.

326

304

304

282

261

240

240

261

261

261

240

94ft

240

240

261

261

261

240

99ft

220

240

240

240

240

220

220

220

220

240

Nov.

261

240

261

261

282

261

220

200

220

220

240

240

220

200

181

162

144

144

144

162

162

162

162

144

126

64

S3

93

£3

Dec.

93

78

93

78

64

64

64

- -

NOTE. Discharge determined from two Jairly well defined rating curves, applicable from Apr. 1 to 

Aug. 31, and from Sept. 21 to Nov. 18. Shifting channel methods used from Sept. 1 to 20. Discharge estimated because of ice from Mar. 26 to 31 and from Nov. 19 to Dec. 7.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN UNITED STATES. 83 

Monthly discharge of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., for 1912. ,

Month.

March 26-31.......................................

Mly... ................ ............................

July...............................................

The period.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

230

1,040 

1,100 

630 

657 

577 

304 

326 

282 

93

Minimum.

120 

402 

426 

475 

355 

204 

151 

220 

78 

64

Mean.

150 

564 

727 

528 

483 

330 

224 

248 

182 

76.3

Ban-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

1,790 

33,600 

44,700 

31,400 

29,700 

20,300 

13,300 

15,200 

10,800 

, 1,060

202,000

Accuracy.

D. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

C. 

D.

RED RIVER AT GRAND FORKS, N. DAK.

Location. At the Northern Pacific Railway bridge between Grand Forks, N. Dak.> 

and East Grand Forks, Minn., about half a mile below the mouth of Red Lake 

River.

Records available. May 26, 1901, to December 31, 1912. Gage-height records 

have, however, been kept by the United States Engineer Corps for about 30 

years at this point.

Drainage area. 25,000 square miles.

Gages. Staff and chain, attached to Northern Pacific Railway bridge; datum same 

for both and unchanged since establishment. As a rule the chain gage is read 

only during periods of extremely low water. The United States Engineer Corps 

gage is located on the breakwater to which the United States Geological Survey 

staff gage is attached, but at a datum 5 feet higher.

Channel. Clay and silt; shifts slightly.

Discharge measurements. Made from the Great .Northern Railway bridge about 

one-fifth mile above the gage.

Artificial control. There are no dams or other obstructions below, nor rapids, the 

channel being fairly uniform for miles. Above there are no power plants, dams, 

or reser voirs affecting the flow nearer than Crookston, on Red Lake River, 25 

miles above Grand Forks, along the general course of the valley; about half the 

water comes from Red Lake River, but the storage at the Crookston plant is BO 

small that no fluctuations caused by it have been discovered at Grand Forks. 

On the other branch, the Red River proper, and its tributaries above Grand 

Forks, there are no reservoirs or power plants for a hundred miles above.

Winter flow. The river flows under smooth ice from about the middle of November 

to the middle of April; the flow during the winter fluctuates little, and since 

1895 enough discharge measurements have been made each winter to give fairly 

satisfactory summaries for the winter.

When the ice breaks up in the spring, because the river has only a gentle current and because it flows north into cooler regions where the river is not yet open, 

the gage reading is usually excessively and disproportionately high for a few 

days or weeks, so that the figures for quantity of flow must depend largely on 

estimation; actual measurements when the river appeared entirely open and 

clear of ice at this point have sometimes shown the gage reading to be 5 feet 

greater than would have been needed for the same discharge later in the season, 

after the whole length of the river was entirely open. 

29804° WSP 325 14 3
34 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak., in 191£.

Date.

Tor* 0

Feb. 12

May 14

Oct. 12

Hydrographer.

Chandler and Stevenson

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o3.50

63.00

8.72

6.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

115

2,370

1,210

Date.

Nov. 8

12

Dec. 12

Hydrographer.

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage

Feet. 

5.12

5.02

c5.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

923

942

473

o Mean lower surface of ice equals 2.41 feet on gage. 

Z> Mean lower surface of ice equals 1.64 feet on gage. 

c Mean lower surface of ice equals 4.24 feet on gage.

NOTE. Discharge relation on Jan. 9, Feb. 12, and Dec. 12 afEected by ice. All measurements made at 

Great Northern Ry. bridge.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak., for 19.12. 

[J. F. Hayes, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2..... .......... 

3...............

4...............

5. ..............

6............... 

7...............

8...............

9............... 

10...............

11............... 

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16............... 

17...............

18............... 

19............... 

20...............

21...............

22............... 

23............... 

24............... 

25...............

26...............

27............... 

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

.......

3.4

3.5

3.0

.......

"To"

."""

2.9

.......

Feb.

2 7

-------

'"2.6

"To"

""i's"

'"i's"

.......

.......

Mar.

2.9

.......

3.3

.......

3.7 

3.7

3.6 

3.8 

3.8

4.0

4.0 

4.0 

4.1 

4.2

4.3

4.4 

4.8

5.2

5.6

5.7

Apr.

7.2

7.6 

a a

Q 9

10.3 

11.5

19 fl

12.7 

12.5

11.8

U o

10.6 

10.1

9.7

9.1 

8.4

8.0

7.7 

7.2

7.0

7.0 

6.8 

6.6 

6.4

6.2

6.0 

5.8

5 7

5.6

May.

5.9

5.8 

5.7

5.6

5.8

5.8 

6.0

- 6.3

6.8 

7.6

8.1

8

9.

8.4

8.6 

8.5

 8.4 

8.2 

8.0

7.8

7.8 

7.6 

7.5 

7.4

72

7.1 

7.1

7.1

7.0

6 Q

June.

7.0

7-0 

6 9

6 9

6.8

6.8 

6.7

6.6

6.4 

6.1

6.0 

<; Q

5,8 

5.6

5.5

5.5 

5.5

5.8 

5.6 

5.9

5.8

5.8 

6.2 

6.3 

6.5

6.2

5.5

5.2

5.0

July.

4.8

4.8

4

0

4.6

4.5 

4.5

4

K

4.6

4.8 

4.7

4.5 

4.6

4.6 

5.0

5.0

5.0 

5.2

5.2 

5.0 

5.1

5.2

5.3 

5.3 

5.2 

5.0

4.8

4.8 

4.8

4.8

4.8 

4.8

Aug.

4.4

4.5 

5.1

4.6

4.1 

4.2

A. 9

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2 

4.4

4.2 

4.0

4.1

4.5 

5.3

4.9 

4.6 

4.5

4.3

4.5 

4.7 

4.4 

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.4

4.0

3.8 

3.8

Sept.

4.0

4.4 

4.0

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.8

3.9

4.0 

4.0

3.8

3

0

4.2 

4.0

4.2

4.2 

4.0

4.1 

4". 4 

4.3

4.6

4.6 

4.8 

5.1 

5.6

5.7

7.3

8.0

8.6

9.2

Oct.

9.0

8.8 

8.6

8.3

7.8

7.4 

7.0

6.8

6.7 

6.6

6.4 

6.3

6.0 

5.9

5.8

5.6 

5.5

5.6 

5.5 

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.4 

5.6 

5.7

5.7

5.7 

5.7

5.7

5.7 

5.6

Nov.

5.7

5.6 

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.1 

5.0

5.1

5.2 

5.2

5.2 

5.0

. 5.0 

4.9

.4.8

4.5

4.6

4.0 

4.4 

4.6

4.5

5.2 

4.8 

5.0 

4.5

4.5

5.0 

4.7 A. a

4.4

Dec.

.......

------

"*4."8

4.7

"" i.'e

......

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge afEected by ice from Jan. 1 to Mar. 31 and from Nov. 19 to 

Dec. 31.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AKEA IN UNITED STATES. 35 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak., far 1912.

Day.

1....................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

<A.......... ..........................

10.. ....... ...........................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22............................ ...

23....................................

24....................................

25...................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29.. ..................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

1,610

1,800

2.47Q

2,960

3,240

3,950

4,260

4,640

4,710

4 580

4,140

3,830

3,410

3,130

2 000.

2,570

2,200

2,000

1,850

1,610

1,520

1,520

1,430

1,340

1,260

1,170

1,090

1,010

976 cuft

May.

1,050

1,010

976

940

1,010

1,010

1,090

1,210

1,430

1,800

2,050

2,150

2,260

2,360

2,200

2,310

2,250

2,200

2,100

2,000

1,900 i onn

1 800

1^750

1,700

1,610

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,520

1,480

June.

1,520

1,520

1,480

1 480

1^430

1,430

1 QQA

1,340

1,260

1,130

1,090

1,050

1,010

940

905

905

CftK

1,010

940

1,050

1,010

1,010

1,170

1,210

1 ^AA

1,170

QrtK

804

740

740

July.

678

678

678

620

592

592

592

620

- 678

648

592

620

620

740

74ft

74ft

804

Of|4

740

*779

ftfU

007

837

804

740

678

678

678

678

678

678

Aug.

566

592

772

620

493

517

517

541

541

517

517

566

517

470

493

592

837

708

620

CQ9

fMI

CQO

648

566

517

493

493

Cflfl

470

426

49fi

Sept.

470

566

470

385

405

405

426

448

470

470

426

426

517

470

517

517

470

JQO

566

620

620

678

Ojrt

Q7fi

1,660

2,000

2,310

2

ftQA

Oct.

2,520

2.410

2,3V)

2,150

1,900

1,700

1,520

1,430

1,390

1,340

1,260

1,210

1,090

1,050

1,010

940

Qflfi

940

905

OAK

885

864

Q19

QQS

1,050

1,070

1 080

1*100

1,110

1,130

1,110

Nov.

1,160

1,120

974

974

974

939

905

939

974

974

974

905

905

872

840

750

770

615

NOTE. Discharge determined from two curves, the first applicable from Apr. 1 to Oct. 20, and well 

defined above 1.000 second-feet and fairly well denned between 600 and 1,000 second-feet; the second applicable from Nov. 1 to 18 and well defined above 800 second-feet. Shifting-channel method used from Oct. 21 

to 31. Mean discharge for periods affected by ice estimated from discharge measurements, observer's 

notes, and weather reports. Mean discharge from Nov. 19 to 30 estimated at 650 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak., for 1912.

Month.

May...............................................

July...............................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,710 

2,360 

1,520 

837 

837 

2,630 

2,520 

1,150

4,710

Minimum.

940 

940 

740 

592 

426 

385 

864

Mean.

140 

110 

300 

2.470 

1,670 

1,130 

698 

559 

755 

1,300 

812 

422

863

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

8,610 

6,330 

18,400 

147,000 

103,000 

67,200 

42,900 

34,400 

44,900 

79,900 

48,300 

25,900

627,000

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

D. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

C.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.
36 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

PELICAN RIVER NEAR FERGUS FALLS, MINN.

Location. At the private highway bridge 6 miles northwest of Fergus Falls, in sec. 

18, T. 134 N., R. 42 W.,-about 5 miles above junction with Red River.

Records available. June 19,1909, to December 31,1912.

Drainage area. 433 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged. Gage is read twice a day and the mean of 

the readings is recorded as the mean for the day.

Channel. Apparently permanent, but measurements made in 1912 indicate that the 

channel will shift during times of high stage. At low stages the channel is probably permanent.

Winter flow. Discharge measurements are made to determine the flow from the middle of November to the first of April, when ice is present.

Artificial control. The nearest dam is at Elizabeth, 6 to 8 miles above; the intermittent operation of the mill at Elizabeth causes a slight daily fluctuation in gage

Accuracy. Conditions of flow are excellent, except for fluctuations caused by operation of mill at Elizabeth. Backwater from Red River does not extend to station, 

as the range in stage of that stream is small.

Discharge measurements of Pelican River near Fergus Falls, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

May 7

Hydrographer.

W.G.Hoyt... .........

S. B. SauU... ..........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.31

6.31

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

125

119

Date.

Aug. llo

Do" .

Hydrographer.

W.G.Hoyt............

height.

Feet. 

6.09

6.09

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

69

70

a Wading measurement.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Pelican River near Fergus Falls, Minn.,-for 1912. 

[Henry W. Luther, observer.]

Day.

1...........

2........... 

3...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

10...........

11...........

12...........

13. ........ ..

14...........

15...........

16...........

17...........

18...........

19...........

20...........

21...........

22...........

23...........

24...........

25...........

26...........

27...........

28...........

29...........

30...........

31...........

Jan.

5.7

5.8

6.0

5.4

5.5

5.9

6.0

5.8

Feb.

5.3

5.4

6.2

5.6

7.4

7.6

5 7

5.9

Mar.

6.1

6.2

5.7

5.6

5.8

7.2

5.9

7.5

7.3

Apr.

7.2

6.8

6.10

6.22

6.20

6.05

6.00

6.05

. 6.10

6.10

5.98

6.05

6.11

6.00

6.06

6.05

6.06

6.00

6.15

6.20

6.22

6.18

6.14

6.20 

6.11

May.

6.34

6.39 

6.50

6.49

6.50

6.60

6.60

6.60

6.50

6.49

6.60

6.49

6.50

6.50

6.50

6.50

6.50

6.60

6.55

6.60

6.60

6.60

-6.60

6.60

6.60

6.65 

6.70

6.70

6.65

June.

6.60

6.50 

6.44

6.34

6.30

6.28

6.22

6.20

6.20

6.20

6.20

6.20

6.15

6.38

6.48

6.42

6.40

6.30

6.30

6.26

6.16

6.08

6.00

5.90

5.90

5.91

5.90 

5.90

5.90

5.80

July.

5.90

5.90 

S.90

5.86

5.90

5.90

5.90

5.90

5.86

5.90

5.90

S.85

5.90

5.90

6.05

5.89

5.60

5.60

6.00

5.69

5.60

5.60

5.75

5.62

5.72

5.68

5.62 

5.60

5.60

5.88

5.92

Aug.

5.95

5.88 

5.62

5.60

5.90

5.90

6.00

6.31

6.40

6.25

6.11

6.02

5.91

5.88

5.80

5.78

5.76

5.70

5.70

5.80

5.76

5.80

5.72

5.70

5.70

5.70

5.70 

5.72

5.75

6.00

5.70

Sept.

5.70

5.70 

5.86

5.70

5.94

5.90

5.85

5.60

5.60

5.80

5.80

5.80

5.80

5.80

5.60

5.95

5.95

5.95

5.98

6.00

6.02

5.61

5.60

5.69

6.10

6.05

6.05 

5.80

5.80

5.80

Oct.

6.11

6.30 

5.75

5.60

5.90

5.60

6.05

6.10

5.99

5.99

5.98

5.91

5.58

5.88

5.91

5.90

5.92

5.94

5.92

5.60

5.90

5.94

5.94

6.00

5.99

5.96

5.65 

6.02

5.95

5.95

5.95

Nov.

5 Q&

5.96

5.58

5.85

5.90

5.96

5.96

5.95

5.92

5.60

5.90

5.92

5.95

5u95

5.99

6.96

5.98

5.90

5.94

5.90

5.92

6.30

6.29

6.41

6.08

6.29

6.35 

6.45

6.55

6.40

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Apr. 5, and about Nov. 22 to 

Dec. 31.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN UNITED STATES. 37 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pelican River near Fergus Falls, Minn.,for 191%.

Day.

1....................................

2....................................

3....................................

5....................................

6....................................

1........ ............................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13................... ............... J.

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

73

98

93

64

56

64

73

73

53

64

75

56

66

64

66

56

83

93

98

89

81

93

' 75

81

102

May.

126

139

170

167

167

170

170

170

170

170

167

170

167

170

170

170

170

170

170

, 185

200

200

200

200

200

200

215

230

230

215

215

June.

200

170

153.

126

116

111

98

93

93

93

93

93

104

137

164

148

142

116

116

107

85

70

56

42

42

43

42

42

42

31

July.

42

42

42

38

42

42

42

42

38

42

42

36

42

42

64

41

14

14

56

21

14

14

26

16

24

20

16

14

14

40

45

' Aug.

49

40

16

14

42

42

56

119

142

104

75 '59

43

40

31

29

27

22

22

31

27

31

24

22

22

22

22

24

26

56

22

Sept.

22

22

38

22

48

42

36

14

14

31

31

31

31

31

14

49

49

49

53

56

59

15

14

21

73

64

64

31

31

31

Oct.

75

116

26

14

42

14

64

73

55

55

53

43

13

40

43

42

45

48

45

14

42

48

48

56

55

50-18

59

49

49

49

Nov.

49

50

13

36

42

50

50

49

45

14

42

45

49

49

55

49

53

42

48

42

45

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve not well defined.

Discharge Jan. 1 to Apr. 5 and Nov. 22 to Dec. 31 estimated, because of ice, from climatoloric records, 

discharge measurements, gage heights, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, as follows: Jan. 1-31, 2 

second-feet, varying from about 5 to 1 second-feet, Feb. 1-29, 2 second-feet; Mar. 1-31, 8 second-feet; Apr. 

1-5,50second-feet; Nov. 22-30,40 second-feet; Dec. 1-31,20second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Pelican River near Fergus Falls, Minn.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 433 square miles.]"

Month.

March..........................................................

May............................................................

July............................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

230 

200 

64 

142 

73 

116

Minimum.

i26 

31 

14 

14 

14 

13 

13

Mean.

2.0 

2.0 

8.0 

71.3 

182 

98.9 

33.1 

42.0 

36.2 

46.5 

42.6 

20

48.8

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C.

o "Discharge per square mile" and "run-off (depth in inches on drainage area) " have not been published for this station, because such values are affected by the storage on Melissa Lake for the power plant 

at Kinsbury Locks and by the diurnal fluctuation of discharge at the gaging station caused by the operation of the plant at Elizabeth, and would therefore be misleading.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.
StfBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PAET V.

WILD BICE BIVEE AT TWIN VALLEY, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge at Twin Valley, 2 miles above the nearest tributary 

which enters at Heiberg.

Records available. June 30, 1909, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 805 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged.

Channel. Practically permanent. The river overflows at a stage of 12 feet on the 

gage and covers an area several hundred feet wide.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge except at extreme low stages, 

when they are made at a wading section.

Floods. An exceptionally severe flood occurred in July, 1909, which overflowed the 

lower part of the valley and wrecked the power dam at Faith by cutting around the 

end and greatly increasing the width of the channel. The maximum stage of the 

flood at Twin Valley was 20 feet and the discharge about 9,200 second-feet.

Artificial control. There is a dam across the river at Heiberg, but the highest point 

affected by the backwater is more than a mile below Twin Valley. Discharge at 

the station is affected by the storage created by the dams at the lower end of 

Lower Rice Lake and at the outlet of Twin Lakes.

Accuracy. The estimate for the flood discharge in 1911 above stage 14 feet was made 

by Kutter's formula in connection with the known area of the cross section and 

may be somewhat in error, but the error probably does not exceed 10 per cent.

Discharge measurements of Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn.,for 191%.

Date.

Feb. 5

Mar. 16

17

Hydrographer.

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

o4.95

65.55

c5.55

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

10

17

20

Date.

Dec. 244

Hydrographer.

E. F. Chandler.........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.12

5.23

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

112

16

a Complete ice cover.

& Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 1.87 feet, 

c Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 1.80 feet. 

d Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 0.65 foot.

Daily gaffe Jieight, in feet, of Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn., for 1912. 

[Alex. Johnson, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

Jan.

5.00

Feb.

4.95

4.40

Mar.

5.75

5.7

Apr.

6.8

6.5

6.4

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.0

5.7

5.7

5.55

5.42

5.40

5.40

5.35

5.38

May.

5-10

5.00

5.02

5.02

5.28

5.9

6.2

6.35

6.6

6.8

7.4

7.3

7.0

6.7

6.8

June.

6.0

5.95

5.82

5.75

5.65

5.45

5.32

5.28

5.28

5.18

5.20

5.18

5.10

5.10

5.12

July.

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.65

4.65

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.60

Aug.

4.75

4.75

4.60

4.60

4.55

4.55

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.55

4.50

4.50

Sept.

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.55

4.50

4.50

4.50

4.50

4.50

4.90

4.92

5.30

5.30

5.30

Oct.

5.40

5.30

5.25

5.15

5.10

5.10

5,10

5.00

4.90

4.90

4.90

-4.90

4.90

4.90

4.80

Nov.

5.30

5.25

5.25

5.20

5.20

5.20

5.20

5.20

5.20

5.00

4.90

4.85

4.80

4.70

4.70

Dec.

5.0

......
HUDSON BAY DKAINAGE AREA IN UNITED STATES. 39 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn.,for 1912 Contd.

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25............... 

26...............

27.... ...... ......

28............... 

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

7.7

5.15

.......

"I" &5"

Feb.

4.40

6.0

Mar.

5.55

5.55

5.6

5.6

.......

Apr.

5.20

4.90

5.00

5.00

4. 95

4.92

4.95

4.85

4.82

4.80 

4.88

4.90 

4.92 

5.00

5.00

May.

6.8

6.7

6.8

6.8

7.2

7.0

6.9

6.9

6.7

6.9 

6.9

6.6 

6.3 

6.3

6.1

6.05

June.

5.10

5.00

4.90

4.90

4.90

4.85

4.80

4.75

4.75

4.75 

4.70

4.70 

4.70 

4.65

4.60

July.

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.70

4.80

5.00

5.10

5.10

5.00

4.90 

4.90

4.85 

4.80 

4.70

4.80

4.80

Aug.

4.50

4. ft)

4.70

4.80

4.70

4.70

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.55 

4.50

4.40 

4.50 

4.50

4.60

4.60

Sept.

5.25

5.25

5.20

5.10

5.10

5.20

5.30

5.30

5.40

5.5 

5.5

5.5 

5.5 

5.40

5.40

Oct.

4.80

5.00

6.05

5.88

5.90

5.90

5.90

5.90

5.90

5.80 

5.70

5.60 

5.60 

5.55

5.50

5.40

Nov.

4.70

4.80

4.80

4.70

4.60

4.70

4.70

4.60

4.65

4.70 

4.90

4.90 

5.10 

5.15

4.7

Dec.

5.1

5.2

5.2

......

5.2

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Mar. 31, and about Nov. 17 

to Dec. 31.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn.,for 1912.

Day.

1............?.......................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7..... ...... ........I.. ..............

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22.............................. ....

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

501

419

393

367

343

343

295

228

228

198

172

168

168

158

164

129

75

92

09

84

78

84

67

62

59

72

75

78

92

92

May.

* 110

* 92

96

$6

144

272

343

380

445

501

688

654

560

473

501

501

473

501

ent

622

560

530

530

'» 473

530

530

445

367

367

319

307

June.

295

284

254

239

218

m

152

144

144

125

129

125

110

110

114

110

92

75

75

75

67

59

52

52

52

44

44

44

38

32

July.

32

32

32

32

38

38

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

44

59

92

110

110

92

75

75

67

so

44

59

59

Aug.

52

52

32

32

28

28

32

32

32

32

32

32

28

23

23

23

44

44

CQ

44

44

32

32

32

28

23

17

23

23

32

32

Sept.

32

32

32

3228-

23

23

23

23

23

75 -78 ^

148

148

148

138

138

129

110

110

129

148

148

168

188

188

188

188

168

168

Oct.

168

148

138

120

110

110

110

92

75

75

75

75

75

75

59

59

92

307

268

272

272

272

272

272

250

228

208

208

198

188

168

Nov.

148

138

138

129

129

129

129

129

129

92

75

67

59

44

44

44

 --"* 

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined between discharges 23 and 3,400 

second-feel;. Discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 31 and Nov. 17 to Dec. 31 estimated, because of ice, fronTclimatologic records, weekly gage heights, four discharge measurements, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, 

as follows: Jan. 1-31,31 second-feet, varying from about 50 to 20 second-feet; Feb. 1-28.13 second-feet, varying from about 10 to 25 second-feet; Mar. 1-31,25 second-feet; Nov. 17-30,30 second-feet, varying from about 

44 to 17 second-feet; Dec. 1-31,19 second-feet.
40 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1912, PABT V.

Monthly discharge of Wild Rice River at Tiffin Valley, Minn.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 805 square miles.] «

Month.

January................................................... __ .

February.......................... . ' ......

March................................... . ... ..... ......

April...........................................................

June. __ ................................. . ... .... .......

July .......... .'. ...............................................

August .........................................................

October. ......................

November......................... .... . ...

The year .................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Vft-giniTimsoi

688 

295 

110 

59 

188. 

307 

148

MiniEqum.

59 

92 

32 

32 

17 

23 

59

Mean.

31 

13 

25 

179 

416 

118 

49.5 

33.0 

106 

163 

68.1 

19

102

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

D.

o "Discharge per square mile" and "Run-off (depth in inches on drainage area)" are not published for 

this station because of the effect of the dams noted under "Artificial control." These dams are closed 

during the winter and are used during the spring and early summer to assist log driving to the mills at 

Ada. The dam on Lower Rice Lake is said to store water to a depth of about 8 feet in the lake, representing a storage capacity of about 895 million cubic feet.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.

DEVILS LAKE NEAR DEVILS LAKE, N. DAK.J

Location. At the Chautauqua grounds steamer landing, 6 miles southwest of the 

city of Devik Lake.

Records available. June 8,1901, to September 30,1911; fragmentary gage heights.

Drainage area. Theoretically somewhat more than 3,500 square miles; surveys 

made about 25 years ago showed the lake to be about 35 miles long, the width 

ranging from 1 to 15 miles and the area being approximately 120 square miles; 

because of its many bays and slender arms the shore line measures more than 

200 miles. The present area of the lake is not given but is estimated at not more 

than 60 square miles; as the lake has no outlet its size depends entirely on the 

relations between evaporation from its surface and the rainfall upon it and inflow 

from the surrounding country.

Gage. A staff attached to piles of the pier at the steamer landing; read occasionally 

by E. E. Heerman and J. M. Brannon. The gage zero 2 is 1,416.2 feet above sea 

level, and 22.90 feet below a standard United States survey bench-mark post 

which is set in the bank directly behind the gage and about 8 rods distant.

Gage height of Devils Lake, N. Dak., in 1912.

Date.

May8

20..........

30..........

Feet.

8.82

9.12

8.78

Date.

30

JulyS..........

Feet.

9.10

9.36

9.58

Date.

July 11.........

21.........

Feet.

9.60

9.63

9.68

Date.

14.........

24..........

Feet.

9.69

9.70

9.70

BED LAKE RIVER AT THIEF RIVER FALLS, MINN.

Location. One-third mile below the dam at Thief River Falls, and a mile or more

below the mouth of Thief River.

Records available. July 2,1909, to December 31,1912. 

Drainage area. 3,430 square miles. 

Gage. Vertical and inclined staff; read morning and evening; datum unchanged.

1 For description of Devils Lake and all data available from 1867 to 1908 see Water-Supply Paper U. S. 

Geol. Survey No. 245, pp. 51-54.

2 In the descriptions of the station published in Water-Supply Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 66, p. 14, 

and No. 85, p. 238, the statement ef the elevation of the bench mark above mean sea level was in error.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IF UNITED STATES. 41

Channel. Practically permanent. The control is changed temporarily by log jama 

, that form below.

Discharge measurements. Made from a car and cable at the gage.

Winter flow. The river is frozen over from the latter part of November to the first 

of April, and measurements are made through the ice to determine the winter flow.

Artificial control. A short distance above the station is the dam used by the Hansen & Barzen Milling Co. and the city lighting plant. The fluctuating loads 

on the turbines, produced by the operation of the lighting plant at night and of 

the mill chiefly during the day time, cause fluctuations in the river stage below 

the dam.

Accuracy. Logs floated down the river may jam below the station and cause backwater. Conditions at this station are not satisfactory and similar conditions exist 

at all points on the upper river. Therefore, the records can not be considered 

better than fair.

Discharge measurements of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

Feb. 7a

Mar. 19«

Sept. 17

Hydrographer.

E. F. Chandler.........

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.70

4.27

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. (*>)

0.4

229

Date.

Nov. 14

Hydrographer.

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.01

3.43

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

231

25

a Measurements under complete ice cover 2 feet thick. 

& Estimated less than 10 second-feet, 

c Partial ice cover.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn., for

[C. P. Quist, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

9...............

10...............

11... ............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

10

20...............

21...............

22...............

23.. .............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.8

2.8

3.6

3.8

2.4

2.8

3.5

2.9

2.9

2.8

Feb.

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

Mar.

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

4.6

3.0

Apr.

3.7

4.4

4.5

4.8

4.9

5.2

4.4

3.85

3.95

3.70

4.05

3.85

3.40

2.85

3.55

3.60

3.28

3.50

3.20

3.00

2.60

3.00

3.65

2.65

2.65

3.10

3.65

2.58

2.65

2.65

May.

3.10

3.25

3.05

2.70

3.40

4.45

3.70

3.60

3.65

3.60

3.60

3.25

3.15

3.45

3.38

3.40

3.45

3.40

3.20

3.72

3.55

3.85

3.80

3.65

3.80

3.35

3.58

3.60

3.48

3.05

3.30

June.

3.70

3.20

3.70

3.30

3.30

3.28

3.25

3.08

2.80

3.25

3.35

3.25

3.30

3.40

3.65

3.35

3.80

3.95

3.85

3.80

3.82

3.82

3.55

3.90

3.60

3.70

3.65

3.68

3.70

3.05

July.

4.05

4.05

3.70

3.20

3.30

3.05

3.20

3.10

3.35

4.15

3.65

3.45

3.40

3.90

4.6

4.1

4.1

4.3

3.60

4.4

3.9

4.55

4.1

4.1

4.6

4.05

3.90

3,85

4.1

4.0

4.05

Aug.

3.65

3.75

3.80

3.78

4.15

4.0

4.15

3.75

3.80

4.2

3.40

4.2

4.1

4.15

4.2

4.15

4.15

3.30

4.0

4.15

4.0

4.05

4.1

4.1

3.35

4.2

4.3

4.2

3.95

3.80

4.0

Sept.

3.30

4.0

4.05

4.05

3.95

4.1

3.92

3.60

4.15

4.1

3.95

3.80

4.05

4.15

3.82

4.2

4.15

4.25

4.3

4.35

4.3

3.60

4.3

5.6

5.2

4.6

5.2

5.3

5.2

5.2

Oct.

4.55

4.6

4.35

4.4

4.35

4.15

4.45

4.4

4.1

4.35

4.35

4.3

4.0

4.35

4.25

4.15

4.2

4.2

4.15

3.80

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.4

4.0

4.3

4.3

4.45

4.4

Nov.

4.45

4.05

3.75

4.5

4.55

4.35

4.2

4.35

4.4

3.95

4.5

4.45

4.45

4.45

4.4

4.2

3.50

4.3

4.4

4.3

4.4

4.4

4.4

3.2

4.15

4.3

4.3

4.1

4.25

4.25

Dec.

3.65

4.4

4.4

4.25

4.3

4.2

4.25

3.55

4.5

4.5

4.55

4.5

4.5

4.25

4.3

4.4

3.45

4.3

4.3

4.3

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 1 to Apr. 7, and Nov. 21 to Dec. 

31, and by logs about July 10 to Oct. 2. The gage observer made the following notes: June 19, log drive 

Hearing Thief River; July 10,15,20, and 25, sluicing logs; Oct. 3, river cleared by a Crookston drive.
42 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn.,for 1912.

Day.

1.. ....... ...........................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6.................................... 7.................................;..

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....... .............................

Apr.

165

188

132

212

165

72

14

100

110

54

90

43

23

6

23

121

7

7

32

121

5.8

7

7

May.

32

50

28

8

72

' 325

132

110

121

110

110

50

38

81

fiQ

72

81

72

43

136

100

165

154

121

154

64

106

110

86

28

57

June.

132

43

132

57

57

54

50

30

12

50

64

50

57

72

121

64

154

188

165

154

158

158

100

176

110

132

121

128

132

28

July.

212

212

132

43

57

28

43

32

64

225

110

72

64

165

358

212

200

252

90

280

154

325

200

188

325

176

143

132

188

165

176

Aug.

90

110

121

117

200

165

200

110

121

212

50

212

188

200

212

200

200

38

165

200

165

 176

188

188

43

212

238

212

154

121

165

Sept.

38

165

176

176

154

188

147

81

200

188

154

121

176

200

125

212

200

225

238

252

238

81

238

718

540

325

540

582

540

540

Oct.

310

325

340

356

340

278

372

356

356

340

340

324

234

340

308

278

293

293

278

179

324

324

293

293

293

356

234

324

324

372

356

Nov.

372

248

166

389

406

340

293

340

356

220

389

372

372

372

356

293

102

324

356

324

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from 3 rating curves fairly well denned. Effects of logs upon the 

relation of gage height to discharge necessitated the use of more than one rating curve. DischargeJulylO

climatologicrecords, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, as follows: Jan. 1-31, 4 second-feet.varying 

from about 1 to 50 _second-feet; Feb. 1-29, 4 second-feet, varying from about 1 to 50 second-feet; Mar. 1-31, 

7 second-feet, varying from about 1 to 50 second-feet; Apr. 1-7, 123 second-feet, varying from about40 to 

200 second-feet; Nov. 21-30, 200 second-feet; Dec. 1-31,125 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 3,430 square miles.] a

Month.

April...........................................................

May...........................................................

July............................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

212 

325 

188 

358 

238 

718 

372 

406

718

Minimum.

5.8 

8 

12 

28 

38 

38 

179

Mean.

4 

4 

7 

85.5 

93.1 

98.3 

162 

160 

259 

314 

280 

125

133

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

C.

a Of the 2,420 square miles of this drainage area above the mouth of Thief River, at least three-fourths 

is said to be composed of swamp and lake area. Although the natural discharge is not controlled at this 

point, a considerable part of the land in the drainage basin probably does not contribute directly to the 

flow past the gaging station except possibly during high water. Estimates ol "Discharge per square mile" 

and "Run-off (depth In inches on drainage area)" would therefore be misleading and are not published.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN UNITED STATES.

BED LAKE RIVER AT CROOKSTON, MINN.

Location. At new Sampson's addition highway bridge in Crookston, less than onefourth mile below the dam and power house of the Crookston Waterworks, Power 

& Light Co.; no tributaries within several miles.

Records available. May 19,1901, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 5,320 square miles.

Gage. Automatic gage installed in September, 1911, replacing the chain gage which 

was attached to the new Sampson's addition bridge July 1,1909. The chain gage 

was set to read the same as the original gage which was fastened to the bridge 20 

rods above. A vertical staff near the automatic reads to the same datum as the 

gages previously used.

Channel. Changes slightly from year to year.

Discharge measurements. Made from new bridge.

Winter flow. During the winter of 1911 and 1912 the flow in the river was so small 

that the percentage variation caused by the power plant was greater than ever 

before. During periods of low flow the ice accumulated to such an extent that 

when the gates were opened the open channels worn through the ice were inadequate for carrying the flow and the gage heights rose rapidly. When the gates 

were closed the gage heights remained high usually for a long time, as there was 

not free passage for the water to drain away. Hence, if the power plant was in 

operation for several hours so as to raise the water to a nearly unchanging gage 

height, it took 20 to 40 hours for the gage heights to change to the minimum when 

the gates were closed.

Accuracy. The operation of the power plant causes fluctuations in the water surface 

at the station, but the use of the automatic gage should give excellent results.

Discharge measurements of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., in 191%.

Date.

27o

Mar. 26

2c

17d

Hydrographer.

E.F. Chandler.........

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

2.59

4.06

2.72

4.92

2.87

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

10

18

14

182

18

Date.

July 22<*

Sept. 19d

27

Oct. 1

Dec. 23e

Hydrographer.

E.F. Chandler.. .......

.....do.................

.....do.................

W. B.Stevenson.......

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.62

-6.24

6. IS

4.57

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

136

55

1,610

1,650

438

o Measurement made under complete ice cover. Average thickness, 1.4 feet.

6 Measurement made under complete ice cover. Average thickness, 1.4 feet. Average distance water 

surface to top of ice, 0.35 foot. 

e Power house in operation. Ice cover. 

d Measurement made by wading. 

« Measurement made under complete ice cover.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., for 191%.

Day.

2...............

3.. ............ .

5..............

6...............

7............... 

8...............

9...............

10...............

Jan.

2.63

2.84

2.73

2.75

2.83

2.82

3.1

2.65

2.60

2.94

Feb.

2.40

2.58

3.3

3.9

3.6

2.93

3.3 

3.45

3.65

3.5

Mar.

3.45

3.5

3.5

3.1

3.35

3.45

3.45 

3.55

3.55

3.5

Apr.

4.5

4.7

4.9

5.2

6.1

6.4

6.4 

7.1

6.8

5.4

May.

3.0

2.90

2.88

2.90

3.15

3.1

3.05 

3.35

3.35

3.45

June.

2.85

3.4

2.80

3.15

3.1

3.0

2.97

2 Ofi

3.4

2.70

July.

3.25

2.55

2.53

3.8

3.15

2.99

3.2 

2.81

2.70

2.53

Aug.

2.83

3.0

2.85

3.6

3.5 

2.91

3.0

3.7

Sept.

3.4

2.72

2.64

2.78

2.91

4.2

3.05 

3.1

2.75

3.1

Oct.

6.2

6.0

5.6

4 S

4.5

4.9

4.6

4.6

4.4

Nov.

3.8

3.75

3.6

3.65

3.6

3.7

3.65 

3.7

3.7

3.6

Dec.

3.45

3.45

3.2

3.8

"3." 25

3.45

3.6
44 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red Lake River at Crookston, Mmn.,for 1912 Continued.

Day.

11...............

12...............

1^.. ...... .......

14.. .............

15...............

16............... 

17............... 

18...............

19

20...............

21.............'.. 

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2l 75 

2.55

3.1 

2.92

2.72

2.90

2.81

2.92

2.79

2.76

2.86

2.39

Feb.

3.65

3.55

3.6

3.95

3.8

3.5 

3.6 

3.6 

3.3

3.55

3.5

3.4

3.5

3.65

3.4

3.25

3.5

3.5

3.45

.......

Mar.

3.25

3.3

3.25

3.35

3.4

3.5 

3.5

3.15 

3.25

3.25

3.35 

3.35

3.5

3.65

3.5

3.6

3.9

3.7

4.3

5.2

5.4

Apr.

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.4

3.85 

3.65 

2.83 

3.2

3.15

3.1 

2.83

3.0

2.68

2.96

2.76

2.96

3.0

2.60

2.76

May.

3.5

3.4

3.65

3.75

3.8

3.6 

3.6 

3.75 

3.45

3.5

3.3 

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.0

3.35

3.75

3.3

3.25

3.2

3.0

June.

2.63

2.69

2.94

2.55

2.91

3.15 

3.25 

3.25 

3.15

3.15

4.0

2.82

2.75

3.45

2.99

2 62

3.85

July.

2.82

2.54

3 9

2 83

2.47

3.4 

3.15 

3.15 

4 1

3.5

3.65 

3.7

3.4

3.3

3.25

3.7

3.55

3.6

3.7

.......

Aug.

3.85

2.75

2

OC

3.3

.......

.......

3.25

2.90

3.45

4.4

3.55

2.93

2.98

2.92

4.1

Sept.

3 Q

2.81

3.25

4.0

" - --

3.05

4.2

3.95

4.3

6.3

5.8

6.7

6.8

6.6

Oct.

4.3

4.4

3 Q

4.3

4.1

4.3 

4.0 

4.6 

4.0

3.65

3.75 

3.8

3.6

3.7

3.85

3.7

3.6

3.65

3.65

3.7

3.8

Nov.

3.7

3 7

3 7

3.85

3.8 

3.6 

3.7

3.75 

3.5

3.35

2.85

3.25

2.87

2.86

3.45

Dec.

3.15

3.45

3

Q

3

(\

3.45

3.25 

3.25

3.55 

3.35

3.1

3.4

3.4

3 7

3.55

3.6

4.0

3.7

3.65

3.8

3.85

3.65

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Apr. 10 and about Nov. 16 to 

Dec. 31.

Daily discharge, in sefond-feet, of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn.,for 1912.

Day.

1....................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

9

10.. ................................ ..

II....'................................

12.............^......................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22. . . ..... . ..... ...

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

810

760

715

715

715

484

412

173

273

259

245

173

217

135

207

155

207

217

116

155

May.

217

191

186

191

259

245

231

317

^17

348

363

332

412

MR

466

one

395

448

348

363

302

97O

302

302

217

317

448

302

288

273

917

June.

178

332

165

1 259

245

217

209

207

332

140

123

138

201

104

1QJ.

259

288

288

259

259

260

240

160

540

170

152

348

214

121

484

July.

288

104

100

466

259

214

273

168

140

100

170

102

502

173

87

332

259

259

580

363

412

430

332

302

288

430

379 so";

430

450

Aug.

320

330

173

217

178

395

363

194

217

430

484

152

302

320

290

300

270

190

240

260

290

288

191

348

715

379

1QQ

212

196 iisn

Sept.

332

145

126

160

194

625

231

245

152

245

502

168

288

540

540

540

540

540

540

231

450

540

625

521

670

1,780

1,470

2,050

2,120

1,980

Oct.

1,720

1,590

1,350

1,100

910

760

965

810

O1A

715

670

715

502

670 fisn

670

540

810

412

448

466

VIZ

430

4.84.

. 430

395

412

412

430

466

Nov.

466

AASt

395

412

395

412

430 ion

395

430

430

430

450

484

NOTE. Eaily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined. Tally discharge estimated 

June 21 to 23; July 30 to Aug. 2; Aug. 15 to 22; Sept. 15 to 18,21 and 22; Oct. 4 and Nov. 14. Discharge Jan. 

1 to Apr. 10 and Nov. 16 to Dec. 31, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, gage heights, 

observer's reports, and climatologic records, as follows: Jan. 1-31,31 second-feet, varying from about 63 to 

15 second-feet; Feb. 1-29,37 second-feet, varying from about 42 to 15 second-feet; Mar. 1-31,43 second-feet, 

varying from about 25 to 117 second-feet; Apr. 1-10,460 second-feet, varying from about 100 to 1,200 secondfeet; Nov. 16-30, 295 second-feet; Dec. 1-31,165 second-feet.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AEEA IN UNITED STATES. 45

Monthly discharge of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., for

[Drainage area, 5,320 square miles."]

Month.

M&y...............................................

July...............................................

October. ..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

466 

640 

810 

715 

2,120 

1,720 

484

2,120

Minimum.

186 

104 

87 

152 

126 

395

Mean.

31

37 

43 

391 

313 

236 

310 

297 

636 

697 

362 

165

293

Eun-oflf 

(total in 

acre-feet).

1,910 

2,130 

2,640 

23,300 

19,200 

14,000 

19,100 

18,300 

37,800 

42,900 

21,600 

10,100

213,000

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C.

«*" Second-feet per square mile" and "Run-off (depth in inches)" computed from this drainage area are 

not published because of the effect of the four power plants above the gaging station at Crookston and the 

fact that a large portion of the drainage area is swamp land.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.

THIEF RIVER NEAR THIEF RIVER FALLS, MINN.

Location. At the Drybrooke ford, 6 miles north of Thief River Falls, in sec. 3, 

T. 154 N., E. 43 W. The nearest tributary is the outlet of Mud Lake which enters 

Thief Eiver in the northeastern part of T. 156 N., E. 42 W.

Records available. July 1,1909, to December 31,1912.

Drainage area. 1,010 square miles.

Gage. Inclined staff; datum unchanged since establishment. When this inclined 

staff gage was installed on August 19, 1909, its reading (6.36 feet) was made to 

agree with that of the temporary vertical staff gage which had been used from 

July 1 to August 18, 1909. On June 29, 1911, and September 18, 1912, it was 

found by wye levels that the gage was in error (the amounts being the same), 

probably the result of a mistake in graduating or setting the gage at the time of 

its installation. Assuming the 6.4 point to be correct, the results of the levela 

are as follows:

Inclined-rod gage readings........ 5.2 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0

True elevations.................. 5.28 6.03 6.96 7.90 8.85 9.80 10.75

As the whole record at this station (except July 1, to Aug. 18, 1909) is referred 

to this inclined-rod gage and is therefore consistent in itself, no correction has 

been made in published gage heights because of the above discrepancy.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made by means of a boat'and cable a short distance 

below the gage.

Winter flow. From the middle of November to the first of April the river is entirely 

frozen over, and discharge measurements are made to determine the winter 

discharge.

Artificial control. The dam at Thief Eiver Falls, at the mouth of Thief Eiver, 

backs up the water in Thief Eiver-for several miles, but the station ia protected 

by the rapids below from the influence of the dam. During 1910 and 1911 drainage work has been carried on extensively in Thief Eiver Basin and the effect 

will be to modify the regimen of the river. The extremely low flow of 1910- 

and 1911 was due partly to the holding back of the run-off by temporary dams 

for use of the floating dredges above the station.

Accuracy. See remarks under "Gage" above.
46 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Discharge'measurements of Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

Sept. 18

.Dec. 21«

Hydrographer.

E. F. Chandler. . .........................................................

Gage

Feet. 

3.77

5.00

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

3.7

16.7

a Measurement made under partial ice cover.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn., for 1912.

[H. J. Maland, observer.]

Day.

1.......... .................

2...........................

3...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

10

1 ^

16...........................

17...........................

18..........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

OC

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

90

30...........................

31...........................

Apr.

4.12

4.31

4.61

4.63

4.84

4.80

4.63

4.42

4

00

4.40

4.30

4.32

A O9

4.22

4 00

3.85

3.76

3.74

3

7°.

3 flO

3.67

3 fiG

3.81

3

Oe

3.87

3 7Q

3 on

May.

3.85

3.85

3.81

3.77

3.87

3.94

3.90

3.93

3.85

3.81

3.75

3.66

3

KQ

3.55

3.57

3.60

3.49

3.77

4 1 ^

4.08

4 19

4 99

4

90

4 22

3 77

3 77

q 70

3 Of)

3.77

June.

3.75

3.80

3.80

q 7fc

3.79

4 1 %

3.83

3.76

3.61

3.67

3.67

3.65

3.65

q 7/\

3.75

3 7n

3.69

3 64

3.63

3.63

3.61

3

K7

3

AQ

3 Af)

3

A(\

3

A(\

3

00

q qc

July.

3.45

3.63

3.61

3.56

3.48

3.45

3.45

3.45

3.-7S

3.74

3.71

3.66

3 7ft

3.76

3 77

3.73

3.67

3.63

3.59

S

ee

3.60

3.73

3 7fi

3.65

3.63

<? *iQ

3.67

3.71

3 CO

3 Eft

3

Kft

Aug.

3.55

3.49

3.48

3.45

3.48

3.55

3.55

3.55

3.48

3.46

3

AK

3

AK

3 44

3 4.9

3 An

3 An

3.46

3 49

3

CC

3.56

3 49

3 49

3.55

3

4.K

3 48

3

CK

3.55

3.55

Sept.

3.49

3.48

3.46

3.45

3.45

3.45

3.42

3.42

3.45

q Afi

3.60

3.65

3 OK

Q Oft

3 Oft

3

OC

3 7Q

3 77

3.75

3

QQ

4.01

4.02

4

AO

4.85

5.1

5.1

5.35

S

ort

5.15

5 OK

.Oct.

4.84

4.72

4.76

4.74

4.65

4.70

4.77

4.76

4.70

4

Qf\

4.75

4.70

4 70

4 65

4 63

4 60

4 59

A OO

4.65

4.65

4.73

4.57

4

-iq

4

00

5.15

4.80

4.55

4.69

4 79

4 VI

4.70

Nov.

5.1

4.80

4.77

4.70

4.65

4 60

4.07

4.75

4.67

4.70

4.70

4.67

4.65

,4.65

4.77

A on

4.77

4

7K

5.0

4.65

4.73

4.87

4.77

4.65

4.58

4.62

4.60

Dec.

4.3

5.0

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Apr. 7 and about Nov. 16 to 

Dec. 31.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn., for 1912.

Day.

1. ...................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15......................,........:....

Apr.

23

21

22

17

18

13

13

8.4

May.

4.0

4.0

3.6

3.3

4.1

4.8

4.4

4.7

4.0

3.6

3.1

2.4

1.9

1.7

1.8

June.

3.1

3.5

3.5

3.1

3.4

9.8

3.8

3.2

2.5

2.1

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.7

July.

1.2

2.2

2.1

1.8

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

2.9

3.0

2.8

2.4

2.7

3.2

3.3

Aug.

1.7

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.0

.9

Sept.

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.2

2.0

2.4

4.0

4.3

4.4

Oct.

55

45

48

46

39

43

49

48

43

51

47

43

43

39

37

Nov.

84.

51

49

43

39

35

6.9

47

41

43

43

41

39

39

49
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN UNITED STATES. 47

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn.,for 1912 

Continued.

Day.

16....................................

17....................................

18:.......... .........................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

6.3

5.5

4.3

4.0

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.6

2.5

2.6

3.6

4.0

4 1

3.4

3.5

May.

2.0

1.7

1.4

3.3

9.8

7.1

8.4

13

16

13

6.5

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.3

June.

3.1

2.7

2.6

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

1.8

1.3

1.0

.9

.9

g

.8

.6

July.

2.9

2.5

2.2

1.9

1.8

2.0

2.9

2.7

2.4

2.2

1 9

2.5

2.8

2.2

1 9

1.8

Aug.

.9

1.2

1.4

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.4

1.4

1.8

1 7

1.3

1.2

1 s

1.7

1.7

1.7

Sept.

4.0

3.4

3.3

3.1

4.7

5.7

5.9

5.9

56

84.

84

119

111

90

119

Oct.

35

34

18

39

39

45

33

8.8

21

90

51

32

42

45

33

43

Nov.

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined above 3 second-feet. Discharge 

Jan. 1 to Apr. 7 and Nov. 16 to Dec. 31, estimated, because of ice, from observer's noteSj gage heights, and 

climatologic records, as follows: No flow Jan. 1 to Mar. 26; Mar. 27-31,3 second-feet, varying from about 1 to 

5 second-feet; Apr. 1-7,10 second-feet; Nov. 16-30, 22 second-feet, varying from about 10 to 51 second-feet; 

Dec. 1-31, 14 second-feet. Where no flow is noted the discharge is estimated to have been less than 0.1 

second-foot.

Monthly discharge of Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 1,010 square miles.a]

Month.

April..........................................................

May...........................................................

July...........................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

23 

16

9.8 

3.3 

1.8 

119 

SO 

84

119

Minimum.

1.4 

,6 

1.2 

.9 

1.0 

8.8

Mean.

0.00 

.00 

.5 

8.70 

4.85 

2.53 

2.23 

1.42 

24.3 

41.4 

32.7 

14

11.0

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

C.

a" Second-feet per square mile" and "Run-off (depth in inches)" are not published for this station, 

because such values are rendered misleading by the large amount of swamp and recently drained land in 

the basin of Thief River.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.

CLEARWATER RIVER AT RED LAKE PALLS, MINN.

Location. At Great Northern Railway bridge at Red Lake Falls, Minn., about 1$ 

miles above the mouth of the river and 2 miles below the nearest tributary.

Records available. June 18, 1909, to December 31, 1912!

Drainage area. 1,310 square miles.

Gage. Vertical Btaff about half a mile farther downstream than the original gage. 

Staff was placed September 12, 1911, on account of the building of a dam which 

will cause several feet of backwater at the original section. The new gage was 

set to read 2.23 feet when the original gage read 5.83 feet. Owing to the fact that 

the new gage is at a different section, measurements referred to the old gage can 

not be used to rate the new section.

Channel, Practically permanent.
48 STJEFACB WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET V.

Discharge measurements. Made from the railroad bridge or by wading.

Winter now. The river is usually frozen over from the middle of November to the 

1st of April. Measurements are made through the ice to determine the winter 

discharge.

Accuracy. Backwater from the Healy dam on Bed Lake Eiver may slightly affect 

the relation of gage height to discharge at this new site if flashboards are put in 

place at the Healy dam. Because of the large amount of swamp land, some of 

which is being drained artificially, in the* area above this station estimates of 

"run-off in second-feet per square mile " and "run-off (depth in inches on drainage 

area)" would be misleading if computed from the drainage area given above. 

Sufficient data have not been collected at the new section to permit estimates 

of discharge to be made.

Discharge measurements of Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn., for 1912.

Date.

Feb. 6«

Mar. 196

27

Hydrographer. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.10

6.40

2.74

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

45

22

190

Date.

July 22

Oct. 18

Hydrographer.

E. F. Chandler.........

height.

Feet. 

2.61

2 7Q

3.01

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

151

215

45

gage

a Complete ice cover; average thickness, 2.2 feet.

6 Measurement made by wading 1,000 feet above gage.

« Measurement made under ice.

ight, in feet, of Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn., for 1912. 

[Leo Steinert, observer.]

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6.......... 

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14.......:..

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

1Q

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

97

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Feb.

2.1

Mar.

........

6.4

Apr.

7.6

7.7

8.0

8.2

8.6

8.6 

8.4

8.0

7.6

7 <\

6.6

3.75

3.8

3.8

3.15

2.95

2.9

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

9 fl

2.5

2.6

2

e

2.8

2.75

2.7

May.

2.75

2 7

2 7

2.75

2.8

2.9

2 01

3.05

3.05

3 OK

3.05

3.1

3.2

3.15

3.15

3.05

2

QC

9 Q1

2.95

2

oe

2.8

2.85

2

0

9 7

2 7

2.75

2

7e

2

RC

2.6

2

e

2.55

June.

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.45 

2.5

2.6

2.45

2

QK

2.3

2.35

2.35

2.25

2.4

2.45

2 4S

2.45

2

KK

2.5

2.5

2.9

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.35

2.3

2.25

2.15

July.

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0 

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.15

2.3

2.2

2.4

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.65

v.2.8

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.55

4.0

Aug.

2.45

2.45

2.35

2.15

2.15

2.15 

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

3.05

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.15

2.35

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.25

2.1

2.0

Sept.

2.0

2.05

2.5

.2.45

2.25

2.0 

1.95

1.9

1.9

i a

2.0

2.15

2.7

3.15

3.15

3.2

3.15

3.1

3.05

2.95

3.0

2.5

2.85

3.65

3.75

3.75

4.2

4.4

4.4

4.3

Oct.

4.4

4.65

4.0

3.7

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.1

3

n

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.05

2.9

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.2

2.95

2.25

2.2

2

0

2.2

2.15

2.4

2.35

Nov.

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.25

2.3

2.3 

2.3

2.3

2.25

2; 2

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

2.3

2.4

2.3

2.5

2.8

2.6

2.15

Dec.

2.6

2 ft

2.7

2.55

2.7

2.45 

2.55

2.8

. 2.35

3.5

8.15

3.15

8.15

3.1

3.0

3.15

3.3

3.25

3.35

3.05

3.1

1

3.05

_

NOTE. For 1911 gage heights see Water-Supply Paper 305, p, 42. Relation of gage height to discharge 

affected by ice about Nov. 11,1911, to Apr. 11,1912, and Nov. 15 to Dec. 31,1912.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AEEA IN UNITED STATES. 49

SOUTH BRANCH OP TWO RIVERS AT HALLOCK, MINN.

Location. At private wagon bridge on farm of John Ross, in sec. 12, T. 161 N., R.

49 W., half a mile north of Hallock; a mile below the nearest tributary, a small

creek that enters from the west.

Records available. April 29, 1911, to November 30, 1912. 

Drainage area. 776 square miles. 

Gage. Vertical staff. 

Channel. Probably permanent, as the control point is an abandoned loose-rock dam

4 feet high, a mile or more below the station. The dam was formerly used to raise

the water level for a railroad water tank. 

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge. 

Winter flow. From November to April the river is frozen over and gage readings are

discontinued.

The following discharge measurements were made by E. F. Chandler: 

March 12: Discharge estimated at 0.01 second-foot, as the stream was "frozen to 

bottom" for almost entire width; slight seepage under ice at one portion. 

September 16: Gage height, 1.53 feet; discharge, 8.3 second-feet. Made by wading.

Daily gage height, infect, of South Branch of Two Rivers at Hallock, Minn.,for 191%.

[John Ross, observer.]

Day.

1....................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

T...... ....... ...... .................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

2.4

2.75

3.0

2.9

2.75

3.0

3.3

3.6

3.1

2.7

2.7

2.4

2.3

2.7

2.2

1.9

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.5

1.8

2.0

2.6

3.1

2.8

2.3

2.0

1.8

1.8

May.

2.0

2.3

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.9

2.0

1.9

2.0

1.9

2.3

2.3

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.1

2.3

2.5

2 7

June.

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

July.

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.7

2.0

2.3

2.7

9 3

2.0

Aug.

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

2.5

2.8

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.0

2.0

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.8

Sept.

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.8

1.9

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.55

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.9

2.2

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

3.1

3.35

3.5

3.6

^ 7

Oct.

4.3

4.3

4.5

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.7

4.4

4.2

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.4

3.4

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.&

2.6

2.8

Dec.

2.9

2.9

2.9

3.0

V 3.0

2.9

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.8

2 8

2.8

2.8

2

O

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.2

9 ^

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Mar. 31, and about Nov. 16 

to 30.

29804° WSP 325 14 4
50 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Branch of Two Rivers at Hallock, Minn.,for 1912.

Day.

1. ...........^. ......................

2. ..............................

3............................

4..............................

5 ............................

6..............................

7.........................:..

8..............................

9 ..................... . .

10............................

11................................ ..

12............................

13..................................

14............................

15................................ .

16......................

17..........................

18.............................

19................................

20.............................

21................................

22............................

23..............................

24............................

25................................ .

26....................................

27....................................

28................................

29....................................

30................................

31............................

Apr.

OQ

ftfl

76

AQ

ftfi

no

97

S3

57

57

QQ

34

K7

90

20

OA

OA

20

13

OA

51

QO

63

34

OA

13

13

May.

20

34

20

20

16

11

16 10

16

20

16

20

OA

34

20

13

iq

 10

13

13

13

16

OA

24

90

24i/i

45

57

June.

63

63

57

45

on

t>A

1/i

29

24

20

11

10

8

6

6

6

6

4 5

3

q

2

1.5

1.5

July.

1

1.5

1.5

2

q

2

3

4 5

4.5

6

6

4.5

A 5

o

3

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

10

20

34

V3

04

20

Aug.

20

20

16

11

13

45

63

45

i/i

29

29

20

20

10

10

10

10

8

6

6

6

6

8

10

10

13

Sept.

11

10

8

8

13

16

10

10

8

6

6

4.5

4.5

6

6

7

7

6

16

29

QQ

45

51

57

QO

100

120

128

Oct.

179

197

206

206

206

215

188

170

152

144.

136

120

104

104

R3

*7A

AQ

63

63

63

54

51

KI

QQ

39

39

3O

51C-l

63

Nov.

69

69

69

76

76

69

69

76

76

76

76

69

63

63

63

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a fairly well defined rating curve. Discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 31 

estimated, because of ice, by Prof. E. F. Chandler, from climatologic records, discharge of adjacent drainage 

areas, one discharge measurement made Mar. 12, and observer's reports on marked variation in discharge, 

as follows: Jan. 1-31, 3 second-feet; Feb. 1-28, 0.5 second-foot; Mar. 1-31, 0.5 second-foot. It should be 

noted that these estimates are based on less data than estimates at most stations in this report and that 

they represent simply the best available values. DischargeNov. 16-30 estimated, because of ice, from daily 

gage height, climatologic records, and discharge of adjacent areas, at 30 second-feet, varying from about 57 

to 10 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of South Branch of Two Rivers at Hallock, Minn.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 776 square miles.]«

Month.

May.... ........................................ .../...... ......

July...........................................................

October........................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

120 

57 

63 

57 

63 

128 

215 

76

Minimum.

6 

13 

1.5 

1 

6 

4.5 

39

Mean.

45.5 

21.6 

16.8 

7.81 

16.6 

31.2 

110 

50.3

Aeci>

racy.

C. 

D. 

D.

D. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

C.

o " Second-feet per square mile " and "run-off (depth in inches)" are not published for this station, because 

the large number of swamps (some of which have Deen drained artificially) included in the drainage area 

render such values misleading.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AEEA IN UNITED STATES. 51

PEMBINA EIVER AT NECHE, N. DAK.

Location. At the highway bridge 20 rods east of the Great Northern Railway bridge, 

two-thirds of a mile north of Neche, N. Dak.

Records available. April 29, 1903, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 2,940 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff in two sections for medium and low stage, attached to the 

abutment and a piling under the bridge, at the north end of the highway bridge. 

This gage was installed July 31, 1911. The original gage, which can be read at 

medium and high stage, is a vertical staff attached to the abutment of the railway 

bridge. The zeros of the two gages are at the same elevation, this elevation having £een unchanged since the first establishment; at low stage the slope of the water 

surface between the bridges is inappreciable; at highest stage the readings at the 

railway bridge would probably be from 0.03 to 0.06 foot greater than at the highway bridge.

Channel. Clay and silt; slightly shifting.

Discharge measurements. From the highway bridge. At very low stage made 

by wading at a section below the Great Northern dam.

Artificial control. The water is raised at low stage from 1 to 2 feet at the gage by 

a loose-rock dam about 3 feet high one-third mile below, constructed to give 

sufficient depth of water for the intake of the Great Northern Railway water 

tank. There is .considerable leakage through the dam, but no permanent 

determination of the effect of this dam can be made because it is liable to be 

changed by ice run or spring flood in any year. There are no reservoirs or 

power plants that affect the flow.

Winter flow. The ordinary winter discharge is less than the leakage through the 

dam, hence estimates can not be made from gage observations without numerouB 

discharge measurements.

Accuracy. On account of the varying effect at low stage of the dam, the records 

- are not considered better than fair.

Discharge measurements of Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak., in 1912,

Date.

Apr. 16

July 23

Sept. 12

Hydrographer.

E.F. Chandler...........................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.68

2.35

3.65

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

184

31

143

NOTE. The measurement on July 23 was made by wading at a section below the Great Northern Railway's dam.

Daily gage height in feet, of Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak., for 1912.

*

[George Stainthorp, observer.]

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6. ..........................

7...........................

S.. ........ .................

9...........................

10...........................

Mar. Apr.

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.7

4.8

5.0

3.8

3.7

3.T

May.

3.5

3.6

3.9

3.9

3.8

4.0

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.9

June.

4.6

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.7

July.

2.9

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

Aug.

4.6

4.0

3.7

3.5

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

Sept.

3.05

3.6

3.45

Oct.

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.1

Nov.

4.6

4.0

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.0

4.0

4.0
52 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak., for 1912 Continued.

Day.

11...........................

12. ..........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23. ..........................

<)A

OE

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Mar.

4.2

4 9

4.2

4.2

Apr.

3.9

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.5

3

E

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.6

3.6

May.

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.6

0 E

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.7

3.7

0 E

3.8

3.9

4.0

5.0

4.8

June.

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.0

9 Q

2.9

9 Q

2.8

2.8

9 S

2.8

July.

2,7

2.8

2.9

2.9

2.9

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.7

2 7

2.7

2.8

3.0

8.0

7.3

5.6

Aug.

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.0

3.0

2.8

2.75

2.5

2.4

2.0

2.3

2.4

3.0

2.8

9 7

2.8

9 7

2.6

2.6

Sept.

3.3

3.25

3.0

2.0

4.0

5.0

5.0

4.9

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.8

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.2

Oct.

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

Nov.

4.2

4.1

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

NOTE. The observer reported that during the first three weeks of March the river remained at a stage of 

4 feet, and that there was water over the ice during the last week. The ice began moving on Apr. 1 and 

on Apr. 7 a lain above the dam went out. The*high stage on July 29 was caused by heavy rains and the 

failure of a dam at Wallhalla.

The discharge relation was affected by ice from Mar. 27 to Apr. 7, from Nov. 1 to 6 and from Nov. 12 to 

23, river froze completely over on Nov. 23 and readings were stopped.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak., for 1912.

Day. '

1. ..............:...........

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5.......... ................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9..........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Mar.

-

80

on

100

100

Apr.

150

150

150

160

160

180

180

172

161

161

183

1 00

172

172

161

150

1 ^n

IKrt

140

140

140

140

130

130

 fort

i^n

150

May.

140

183

183

195

195

183

172

183

172

172

161

161

161

161

161

150

140

14ft

140

130

161

161

140

172

183

IQfl

330

OAO

June.

274

288

274

260

ton

183

183

172

161

161

179

161

161

150

150

140

140

130

120

110

100

90

80

80

80

71

71

71

71

July.

80

Qft

80

71

71

71

53

53

53

62

62

71

80

80

80

90

80

71

71

fi9

62

71

71

62

62

62

71

90

870

730

420

Aug.

.274

195

161

140

110

120

130

120

120

120

on

71

CO

EO

37

10

90

71

66

45

37

10

on

37

Qft

71

62

71

62

53

KO

Sept.

58

63

68

74

79

84

90

95

150

135

120

115

90

10

195

330

330

316

195

 foe.

195

195

330

316

302

274

247

247

221

Oct.

195

195

208

195

195

208

195

1Q1

208

208

221

991

208

195

195

195

195

195

195

1QC

195

195

1QE

195

172

172

161

150

150 it;n

Nov.

250

300

250

24O

OOA

230

221

195

195

195

221

, 200

200

200

200

180

180

180

160

160

150

150

150

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a fairly well defined rating curve. -Discharge estimated from 

Mar. 27 to Apr. 7, from Nov. 1 to o, and from Nov. 12 to 23. Discharge interpolated for period from Hept.

Jto 7,
HUDSON- BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN UNITED STATES. 5S

Monthly discharge ofPenibina River at Neche, N. Dak., for 1912.

Month.

March 27-31.. ......................... ............

May...............................................

June. ..............................................

July...............................................

September.. . ......................................

November 1-23 ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

100 

195 

330 

288 

870 

274 

330 

221 

300

Minimum.

80 

130 

130 

71 

53 

10 

10 

150 

150

Mean.

94.0 

158 

174 

148 « 

129 

85.5 

181 

191 

202

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

932

9,400 

10,700 

8,810 

7,930 

5,260 

10,800 

11,700 

9,220

74,800

Accuracy.

T>. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C 

D.

NOTE. Accuracy has be,en reduced on account of poor gage reading, and slight changes in rating caused 

by changes in top of the loose-rock dam below the gage.

ROSEAU RIVER AT DOMINION CITY, CANADA.

Location. At the traffic bridge at the northeast limit of Dominion City.

Records available. May 21 to December 31,1912.

Drainage area. 2,280 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from bridge.

Artificial control. During December, 1912, a dam was built 1J miles below causing serious backwater and a new station was established.

Cooperation. All data for this station were furnished by the water-power branch 

of the Canadian Department of the Interior.

Mean daily discharge in feet per second of Roseau River at Dominion City, Canada, for

1912.

Day.

I............................................

2............................................

3............................................

4............................................

5............................................

6............................................

7............................................

8............................................

9............................................

10............................................

11............................................

12.;..........................................

13.. ....................................... ...

14............................................

15............................................

16............................................

17............................................

18............................................

19............................................

20............................................

21............................................

22............................................

23............................................

24............................................

25............................................

26............................................

27............................................

28............................................

29............................................

30............................................

91

May.

408

410

410

416

405

390

371

379

418

468

468

444

June.

410

336

344

341 318'

332

316

304

292

276

263

238

235

2S

200

182

163

129

138

126

107

95

83

74

66

60

63

45

45

July.

41

36

. 35

35

33

30

35

32

38

40

31

44

44

51

59

68

71

71

73

77

81

86

93

98

90

82

75

75

82

79

81

Aug.

83

97

113

121

125

131

132

127

110

101

91

91

110

119

126

122

127

129

129

132

132

125

113

104

101

98

96

99

100

110

117

Sept.

103

104

109

129

133

129

131

127

126

131

132

122

126

129

132

134

133

134

133

146

177

211

219

224

235

278

323

384

457

527

Oct.

577

634

676

702

733

962

795

839

839

884

936

1,000

1,030

1,060

1,090

1,120

1,150

1,180

1,211

1,188

1,224

1,266

1,248

1,279

1,326

1,297

1,300

1,297

1,344

1,354

1,274

Nov.

1,248'

1,193

' 1,141

1,115

1,027

936

884

860

837

806

787

754

720

673

691

777

834

650

754

795

761

951

741

668

707

640

580

527

416

369

......
54 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Roseau River at Dominion City, Canada, for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 2,280 square miles.]

Month.

May 20-31.;....

July...........

August.........

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

468 

410 

98 

132

Minimum.

371 

45 

30 

83

Mean.

416 

200 

. 60 

113

Month.

September.....

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

527 

1,354 

1,248

Minimum.

103 

577 

369

Mean.

186 

1,059 

795 «80

a Estimated. 

WEST BRANCH OF ROSEAU RIVER NEAR MALUNG, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge near the center of sec. 7, T. 161 N., R. 39 W., 

6J miles south of Roseau, 1 mile west of Malung post office, and half a mile above 

the mouth of the East Branch.

Records available. May 6, 1911, to November 15,1912.

Drainage area. 265 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff.

Channel. Probably fairly permanent, although there is a possibility of temporary 

backwater from the East Branch.

Discharge measurements. Made at the bridge except during low stages, when 

they are made at a wading section. Discharge measurements are also made on 

the East Branch a short distance above the junction and on Roseau River at 

Roseau for the purpose of determining the portion of the flow at Roseau that 

comes from the East Branch, and to estimate the entire flow below that point, as 

conditions of flow below the junction of the two branches are very unfavorable 

for the establishment of a regular station.

Winter flow. From November to April the river is frozen over and observations

are discontinued.

, Artificial control. Much of the area drained by Roseau River is so swampy that it 

can not be cultivated without drainage. In connection with this work the river 

channel has been straightened and widened to 80 feet for a distance of 40 miles; 

a drainage system benefiting 90,000 acres of land south of the river discharges 

into the Roseau by 10 ditches 1 mile apart in T. 163, Rs. 43 and 44. Another 

ditch system, draining about 20,000 acres, enters Roseau River in sec. 6,-T. 

162N..R. 39 W.

Discharge measurements of West Branch of Roseau River near Malung, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

Sept. 17"

Oct. 9

Hydrographer.

E. F. Chandler...........................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.40

7.22

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6.8

387

Wading measurement.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN UNITED STATES. 55 

Discharge measurements of East Branch of Roseau Ttiver near Malung, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

Sept. 17

Oct. 9

Hydrographer.

E.F. Chandler...........................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.99

6.43

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

110

344

Discharge measurements of Roseau River at Roseau, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

Sept. 18

Oct. 10

Hydrographer.

E. y.WaauSter...... .....................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.49

8.43

Discharge.

Sec.-fl. 

101

755

Daily gage height, in feet, of West Branch of Roseau River near Malung, Minn., for 1912.

[August Hedin, observer.]

Day.

1.......................:............

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

3.7

4.3

4.5

4.45

4.05

3.55

3.4

3.2

2.65

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.45

2.5

2.5

May.

2.45

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.8

3.2

3.15

3.15

3.1

3.0

3.05

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.55

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.5

June.

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.45

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

July.

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.2

2.15

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.05

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

Aug.

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.35

2.3

2.25

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.2

Sept.

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.15

2.15

2.1

2.1

2-1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.7

3.5

4.05

5.1

6.6

8.5

9.15

9.9

10.65

Oct.

11.5

11.4

10.8

10.1

9.2

8.2

7.5

7.3

7.2

7.0

6.7

6.6

6.5

6.4

6.1

5.8

5.5

5.2

5.0

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.2

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.7

4.0

4.5

Nov.

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.0

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.9

. 4.0

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.3

3.5

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.7

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to abomt Apr. 6 and about Nov, 18 to 30.
56 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Roseau River near Malung, Minn.,for

1912.

Day.

1... .................................

2....................................

3....................................

4........ ....... ...... .. .....

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

52

43

33

14

15

18

18

15

12

12

12

9.8

9.8

9.8

8.7

8.7

8.7

7.6

7.6

9.8

9.8

8.7

9.8

9.8

May.

8.7

18

15

15

18

18

18

33

31

31

29

25

27

21

21

18

18

18

16

15

12

12

12

12

12

11

11

11

9.8

9.8

9.8

Tune.

9.8

12

12

12

11

9.8

8.7

8.7

7.6

7.6

6.6

5.6

5.6

4.7

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.0

3.0

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

July.

1.5

1.5

1.5

.8

.8

.8

.8

3.8

3.0

3.0

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

1.5

1.5

.8

.8

.8

.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

Aug.

3.8

3.8

3.8

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

3.8

5.6

6.6

5.6

4.7

4.7

3.8

3.8

3.0

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

3.8

, 3.8

3.8

Sept.

3.8

3.8

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.2

2.2

.2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2,2

2.2

2.2

2.2

3.8

7.6

9.8

9.8

12

12

15

49

84

164

314 "

556

652

773

900

Oct.

1,040

1.030

926

807

660

514

421

396

384

. 360

325

314

303

292

260

230

200

173

155

138

122

108

94

80

73

67

61

55

61

80

115

Nov.

115

108

101

80

80

73

73

73

80

94

94

87

80

73

67

55

55

NOTE. Daily discharge computed fronl'a rating curve fairly well defined between 29 and 486 second-feet 

(gage heights, 3.1 and 8.0 feet). Above discharge 486 second-feet (gage height, 8.0 feet) the rating curve is 

an extension, but is probably accurate within about 10 per cent at discharge 960 second-feet (gage height, 

11.0 feet). Discharge Jan. 1 to Apr. 6 estimated, because of ice, by Prof. E. F. Chandler, from climatplogic 

records, discharge of adjacent drainage areas, and observer's notes concerning any marked variation in 

discharge, as follows: Jan. 1-31,0.4 second-foot; Feb. 1-29,0.2 second-foot; Mar. 1-31,0.5 second-foot; Apr. 

1-6, 42 second-feet, varying from about 1 to 62 second-feet. It should be noted that these estimates are 

based on less data than estimates at most stations in this report and that they; simply represent the best 

values available for publication. Dischargee Nov. 18-30 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights and 

climatologic records at 27 second-feet, varying from' about 49 to 10 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Roseau River near Malung, Minn.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 265 square miles. »]

Month.

March ......

April..........................................................

May...........................................................

July...........................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

33 

12

5 Q O. o

6.6 

900 

1,040 

115

Minimum.

8.7 

2.2 

.8 

2.2 

2.2 

55

Mean.

0.4 

.2 

.5 

20.5 

17.3 

5.60 

2.09 

3.21 

120 

318 

58.0

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

C. 

C.

o" Second-feet per square mile" and "Run-off (depth in inches)" are not published for this station 

because the large number of swamps, some of which are artificially drained, in the drainage area render 

such values misleading.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.
HUDSON BAY DBAINAGE AKBA IN UNITED STATES. 57

MOUSE KIVEB AT MINOT, N. DAK.

Location. At the Anne Street footbridge northeast of the Great Northern Railway 

roundhouse at Minot, N. Dak.

Records available. May 5,1903, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 8,400 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff attached to pier of the Anne Street Bridge. The original gage, 

superseded in 1910 by this gage, was at a bridge about 40 rods farther upstream. 

At low stage, because the water is ponded by a dam, below, there is no appreciable 

elope in the water surface and the gage zeros at the old and present sites have the 

same elevation; at high stage there is a slight slope in the water surface; hence, 

at highest; stage the present gage would read slightly less than the original gage 

would have done, but the difference is probably less than 0.1 foot, even at 

extreme high water. Datum unchanged.

Channel. Clay and silt; slightly shifting.

Discharge measurements. Made from the Anne Street Bridge at medium and 

high stages. At low stage made by wading some rods below the dam at the Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railway water tank.

Winter flow. The relation of gage height to discharge is somewhat affected by ice 

from about the middle of November to the middle of April; if the river is low 

enough to be controlled at the gage entirely by the weir formula due to the dam, 

the effect of the ice is not so considerable. In most winters the discharge is very 

small, as has been found by actual discharge measurements occasionally. Thus, 

from a few gage readings each winter estimates of flow may be made which are 

not in error to the amount of a large quantity of water.

Artificial control. A dam 4 feet high at the Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie 

Railway water tank, 1 mile below the gage (along the channel), raises the water 

at the gage about 3 feet at ordinary low stage. The dam has no sluices, being 

designed merely to give enough depth of water for the intake-pipe suction; but 

it is not absolutely tight. When the discharge is less than about 6 second-feet 

the water level falls below the crest of the dam. The crest of the dam is nearly 

level and can be considered as a broad-crested weir until (at gage reading about 

6 feet) corrections for submergence of the weir by the filling of the channel below 

the weir need be applied. The dam was raised about 0.7 foot in March, 1911; 

previous to that time ordinary low-water level at the gage was 0.7 foot less than 

now.

Accuracy. The percentage errors of the results for the low-water period may be 

largely due to small errors by the gage observer and the undetermined leakage 

through the dam, although the error is but a few second-feet. At medium stages 

the results are good.

Discharge measurements of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., in 1912.

Date.

10

Sept. 130

Hydrographer.

George Ebner . . ..........................................................

.....do....................................................................

E.F. Chandler...........................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.10

7.12

4.41

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

613

581

16.0

Wading measurement.
58 STJEFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1912, PAET V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., for 1912, 

[Ephraim Cox and F. G. Bennewitz, observers.]

Day.

\... ........................

2.. .. ....................... 

3...........................

4...... .....................

6.... .......................

7...........................

8...... .....................

9...........................

10...........................

11. ..........................

12........................... 

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

1Q

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

oq

24...........................

25...........................

26..... ......................

27..... .................... -- 

28...........................

99

30...........................

31...........................

Mar.

4.85

4.95

5.2

. OU

5.55

5.95

6.4

6.6

Apr.

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.5

6.9

7.1

7.1

7.2

7.4

 D

7.7

7.8

8.6

9

n

o *;

9 9

10.2

10.4

10.1

Q 7

8.6

7.4

7.1

6.8

6.5 

6.3

6.1

5.9

May.

5.8

5.65

5.6

5.65

5.8

5.75

5.8

5.85

5.9

5.9

,6.0 

6.1

6.2

6.4

6.6

6.8

7.1

7.4

7.7

8.1

8.7

8.8

8.9

8

0

8.0

7.5 

7.1

6 9

6.8

6.7

June.

6.7

6.4

6.4

6.4

~6.4

6.2

6.1

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.6

5.5

5.45

5 4R

5 d.

5.4

5

0

5.25

5.2

5.1

5.05

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.95 

4.9

4.8

4.8

July.

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.75

4.75

4.75

4

7tr

4.75

A. T(

4.75

4.8

A. 8

4.8

4.S

4.8

4.8

4.75

Aug.

4.75

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.55

4.55

4.55

4.6

4.65

Sept.

4.65

4.6

4.6

4.55

4.55

4 55*

4.55

4.55

4.5

4.5 

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.55

- 4.55

4.6

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

Oct.

4.55

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.55

4.6

4.65

4.75

4.75

4.8

4.8

4.75

4.75

4.75

4.75

4.75

4.75

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.75

4.75

4.75

4.8

Nov.

4.8

4.8 

4.75

4.75

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

NOTE. Severe ice conditions existed during the winter months and no gage heights were read. The 

records from Mar. 24 to 31 and from Nov. 14 to 31 are believed to have been affected by ice. On Feb. 15 the 

observer reported that there was no water running.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., for 1912.

Day.

1.. .........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10.. ........................ -

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

Mar. Apr.

450

426

426

426

426

450

546

594

594

618

666

714

737

760

929

1,000

1,080

1,140

1,180

1,200

May.

282

258

246

235

246

282

270

282

294

306

306

330

354

378

426

474

522

594

666

737

June.

498

474

426

426

426

426

378

354

330

306

282

258

235

212

201

201

190

190

168

158

July.

69

69

69

69

69

69

69

69

69

69

69

69

69

69

69

60

60

60

60

60

Aug.

60

52

52

52

5.9

52

52

52

52

52

52

52

44

44

44

36

36

36

36

Sept.

44

44

36

36

3ft

30

30

30

30

3H

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

Oct.

3(1

24

24

24

24

24

24

24

30

36

44

52

60

60

69

69

60

60

60

60

Nov.

69

69

60

60

52

52

TO

CO

CO

52

52

KO

44

36

36

36

36

36

36

36
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN UNITED STATES. 59 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., for 1912 Continued.

Day.

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Mar.

13

20

19

78

136

390

450

Apr.

1,160

1,110

929

666

594

522

450

402

354

306

May.

827

Q47

965

983

965

805

690

594

K4fi

522

498

June.

147

126

116

infi

106

106

Qfi

87

fiQ

fiQ

July.

60

60

69

69

fiQ

69

fiQ

69

fiQ

fiQ

60

Aug.

36

36

36

Sfi

36

SA

30

30

QA

36

44

Sept.

24

30

30

36

44

52

V)

52

52

52

Oct.

60

60

52

52

V)

CO

52

60

60

60

69

Nov.

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

30

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve that is fairly -well defined for medium and high stages. 

Discharges from Mar. 24 to 31 and from Nov. 14 to 30 were estimated from observer's notes and weather 

reports. The flow previous to about Mar. 20 was very low and is believed to have been 1 second-foot or 

less. The mean flow during December was probably about 10 or 15 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., for 1912.

Month.

March 24-31 .......................................

April..............................................

May...............................................

July...............................................

October. ...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

450 

1,200 

983 

498 

69 

60 

52 

69 

69

Minimum,

13 

306 

235 

69 

60 

30 

24 

24 

30

Mean.

173 

695 

511 

239 - 

66.7 

42.7 

33.5 

48.0 

42.3

Run-off 

(total in 

acre-feet).

2.750 

41.400 

31,400 

14.200 

4,100 

2,630 

1,990 

2,950 

2,520

104,000

Accuracy.

D. 

B. 

B. 

B.

C. 

C.

c.

c. 

c.

EVAPORATION AT UNIVERSITY, N. DAK. 1

The evaporation gage at University, N. Dak., was established April 17, 1905. It 

is located on a pool in a ravine called English Coulee, which runs through the campus 

of the University of North Dakota, which is immediately west of Grand Forks, 

N. Dak., and 2 miles west of the Minnesota boundary.

The records at this station were continued in 1912, daily observations being made 

during the entire open season, except the first 10 days. The gage was protected from 

disturbance, and the records of observations are reliable.

The coulee drains about 60 square miles of very level prairie. Except for brief 

freshets the flow in the coulee is small, varying from 1 second-foot or less to 20 secondfeet. In very dry weather the water lies in pools with scarcely any perceptible flow.

A heavy galvanized-iron tank, 3 feet square and 18 inches deep, is placed in the 

center of an anchored raft, so that the water in the tank is at the same level as the water 

surface outside. The tank is filled nearly to the top, to a height precisely marked by 

the pointed tip of a vertical rod in the center of the tank. Once each day, after the 

change produced by evaporation or rainfall, the water level is restored to the original 

height, the precise amount of water transferred being measured with a cup of such size 

that one cupful of water is equivalent to 0.01 inch depth in the tank.

i For complete description of this station and records of evaporation, rainfall, and temperature for 1905 

to 1908, see U. S. Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 245, pp. 64-67,1910.
60 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET V.

A standard rain gage IB located on the open prairie about 10 rode distant. On days 

of rainfall the difference (which is usually email) between the quantity measured by 

the rain gage and the surplus in the tank is considered the total evaporation, for the 

day.

Observations were made usually about half'an hour before sunset. The temperature of the water recorded is the observation of the water in the tank; as the tank is a 

metal tank, it has been found that at that time of the day there is rarely a 

perceptible difference in temperature reading between the water within and without 

the tank. The temperature of the air as recorded is the mean of the readings of the 

standard self-recording maximum and the self-recording minimum thermometers for 

the preceding 24 hours.

The following table shows for each 10-day period during 1912 the gross evaporation, 

the total rainfall, and the mean temperatures for the 10 observations of the water and 

of the air.

Evaporation, rainfall, and temperature at University, N. Dak., for 1912. 

[T. T. Quirke and Thos. G. Johnson, observers.]

Date.

21-30.........

May 1-10.........

11-20.........

21-31.........

11-20.........

21-30.........

July 1-10.........

11 OA

21-31.........

Evaporation.

Inches. 

. 0.19 

.75 

1.84 

1.20 

1.94 

1.52 

1.63 

2.64 

1.97 

1.86 

1.93 

1.24

Rainfall.

Inches. 

0.00 

.78 

1.85 

.16 

.91 

.00 

.06 

.00 

2.71 

1.17 

1.41 

.97

Mean temperature.

Water.

°F. 

54 

49 

54 

57 

64 

63 

68 

84 

77 

69 

73 

67

*

Air.

°F. 

43 

44 

51 

50 

61 

57 

59 

73 

70 

61 

69 

61

Date.

Ang. 11-20.........

21-31.........

11-20.........

21-30.........

Oct. 1-10.........

11-20.........

21-31.........

Nov. 1- 9.........

Total for period.......

Evaporation.

Inches. 

1.32 

1.38 

1.41 

1.33 

1.49 

.57 

.61 

.48 

.15

27.45

Rainfall.

Inches. 

0.75 

.98 

1.66 

1.10 

2.40 

.26 

.00 

.03 

.05

17.25

Mean temperature.

Water.

°F. 

68 

65 

68 

57 

44 

47 

42 

37 

32

Air.

°F. 

62 

62 

67 

52 

42 

50 

48 

40 

33

EAINY EIVER AT INTERNATIONAL FALLS, MINN.

Location. At the steamboat dock half a mile below the dam at International Falls.

Records available. March 1, 1907, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 14,600 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff installed by the United States Geological Survey April 20,1911, 

at the American steamboat dock below the falls. Prior to this date gage heights 

furnished through the courtesy of the Minnesota & Ontario Power Co. were read 

on a gage located just below the dam, first on the Canadian side but later on the 

American side. The zero of the Survey gage is 460.99 feet above that of the power 

company's gage, when the slope l of the river between the two points is considered.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Discharge measurements prior to 1911 were made by 

means of a boat and cable at a section several hundred yards below the gage, 

where an island divides the river into two channels. Since 1911 measurements 

have been made above the island, where the river flows in one channel and the 

velocities are better distributed.

1 Slope determined at gage height 2.65 feet.
HUDSON BAY DKAINAGE AEEA IN UNITED STATES. 61

Winter flow. Ice rarely forms in the long stretch of water below the dam, but it does 

form at the rapids below the open stretch, causing serious backwater at the gage, 

amounting at times to more than 2 feet. During 1909 and 1910 the monthly flow 

during the winter has been estimated indirectly from records of flow through the 

turbines as kept by the power company. During 1911 and 1912 the winter flow 

has been estimated directly from records of flow through the turbines as computed by the Canadian Department of Public Works. Winter estimates for periods 

previous to 1910 can be considered only approximate.

Artificial control. The dam above the gaging station raises the water level in Rainy 

Lake to such an extent as to cause a large increase in the storage. Since the dam 

and power house have been in operation practically no water has passed over the 

crest, the entire flow of the river going through the turbines and sluice gates. The 

plant is run on a 24-hour basis, however, so that with the exception of the Sunday 

flow the discharge is fairly uniform, though it does not represent the natural flow.

Accuracy. Studies of the records at this station made by Mr. Adolph Meyer, consulting engineer of the International Joint Commission, based on more complete data 

than were available when Water-Supply Paper 305 and the report of the water 

resources investigations of Minnesota for 1909-1912 were prepared, indicate that 

the estimates of monthly discharge published in those reports are in error. The 

percentage of error deduced by comparison with Mr. Meyer's results is as follows:

Estimated errors in published tables of monthly discharge.

Year.

1907

1908

Period. Error (per 

cent).

+12

+40

-12 to -14

+27 to +37

+60

+19

+8

-14

Year.

1909....

1910....

1911....

Period.

April.......................

Error (per 

cent).

+16 -11

-50

-60 to -57

+14

+20

+10

Values for all other months, 1907-1912, are within the accuracy ratings as published. 

Cooperation. Estimates of flow through the power house and results of discharge 

measurements furnished by Canadian Department of Public Works. Results of 

current-meter measurements by the Canadian Department of the Interior, waterpower branch.

Discharge measurements of Rainy River at International Palls, Minn., in 1912,

Date.

Jan. 20«

Feb. 16o

May 7«

13

July 23

Hydrographer.

W.J.Stewart&. .......

.....do.................. 

.. ...do...... .............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.99

3.18

. 2.72

3.38 

2.62

2.26

3.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6,090

5,680

6,980

5,880

8,880

Date.

9 

19

Oct. 2

Nov. 6

Hydrographer.

S.S.Scovil 6... ........

.....do..................

e

R.H. Nelson 6.. .......

Gage

Feet. 

4.16

A. ilfi

3.33

3.33 

2.65

2.23

2.88

Discharge..

Sec.-ft. 

<!9,080

9

QAA

" 7,700

<*7,760 

(j Q 440

<*5'l60

<*6,420

o River open at measuring section. Backwater at gage from ice below.

6 Canadian engineers.

c Backwater from Big Fork and Little Fork rivers.

<* The results of these measurements were not available when the computations and studies of the discharge data for this station were made. The measurements were made with current meters which had 

to be rerated before the results could be obtained.

e Canadian Department of Public Works.
62 SURFACE WATBE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET V.

Daily gage height, infect, of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn.,for 1912.

[Robert Caple, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3.. .............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22.. ...... ........

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1.7

3.0

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.0

2.5

3.4

3.7

3.8

4.1

4.2

2.0

3.1

3.7

3.9

3.9

3.9

4.0

3.2

3.0

3.8

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.6

2.7

2.3

3.2

3.2

Feb.

3 1

3.6

3.9

2.8

3

0

3.5

3.4

Q A

3

0

2.8

2.8

3.4

3 A

3

0

3 9

3 A

2

0

2

1

2 7

2 A

9 Q

2 A

2

0

9 9

2.4

3 A

3

1

3

-f

Mar.

Q i

3.1

2.5

2.4

3.0

Q n

2 9

3.0

Q 1

2.4

2.2

2.8

2 7

2.7

2.8

2.6

1.80

2.2

2.6

2.6

9 7

2.6

1.7

1.9

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.30

Apr.

1.40

1.8

1.8

1.85

1.7

1.6

.55

1.10

1.7

2.0

2.0

2.0

9 o.

1.5

1.3

2.1

1 9

1.85

1 9

1.05

1.75

1 Q

2.0

2.2

2.4

1.9

1.9

2.8

May.

Q n

2.9

2.8

Q n

2 4

2.5

3.5

3.9

o c

4.0

3 d

3.1

9 fi

o 7

°. Q

a

n

3

0

3 ft

2.6

2

K

3

0

Q 9

3.2

3

0

3.0

1 9

2.1

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

June.

9 fi

2.2

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.1

2.2

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

1 9

2 A

9 1

2.1

2

0

2.2

9 A

2 A

2.2

2.0

2.0

1.9

1 Q

1.5

July.

1.70

2.0

2.0

1.65

1.80

2.0

1.55

1.9

2.6

2.8

3.3

3.2

Q %

2.9

3.0

3.6

3

0

3 4

2.7

3

f>

3.6

3.6

3 A

Q A

°. Q

Q A

3.8

4.6

4.6

4.6

Aug.

4.6

4.7

4.7

4.2

4.1

4.3

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.3

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

2.7

Q A

9 Q

Q 1

9 *

3.3

9 fi

2.6

2 7

9 3

9 fi

2.4

9 fi

2.6

2.8

2.7

Sept.

2.4

2.1

2.5

3.5

3.6

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.4

2.8

3.0

3 9

3 n

2.7

2.7

2.4

9 Q

2.3

9 A

3 9

4.4

4.0

Q K

3.2

3.4

Oct.

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.2

2 7

2.8

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.1

2.5

2.8

9 Q

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.9

9 %

2.2

2.7

2.8

9 a

9 S

2.8

2.1

2.1

2.7

2.8

2.8

Nov.

2.8

2.8

2.2

2.1

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.2

2.2

2.6

2.8

2.8

2.8

9 7

9 9

9 4

2.8

9 fi

3.0

2 A

9 fi

9 Q

9 7.

9 7

9 fi

2.8

2.8

2.7

Dec.

2.8

3.6

40

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.8

3.4

3.4

4.3

4.1

4.5

4.5

4.4

3.6

S. 4

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.4

4.2

3.3

3.2

3 4

3.0

2.8

3.5

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.8

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by backwater about Jan. 1 to May 31 and about 

Dec. 1 to 31.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn.,for 1912.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

n. .........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

June.

6,650 

6,020 

6,490 

6,490 

6,490

6,490 

6,490 

6,330 

5,870 

6,020

6,330 

6,330 

6,170 

6,170 

6,020

July.

5,300 

5,720 

5,720 

5,230 

5,440

5,720 

5,100 

5,580 

6,650 

6,970

7,810 

7,640 

7,810 

7,130 

7,300

Aug.

10,200 

10,400 

10,400 

9,480 

9,290

9,670 

10,000 

9,860 

9,670 

9,670

8,720 

8,350 

8,170 

8,170 

7,990

Sept.

6,330 

5,870 

6,490 

8,170 

8,350

8,720 

8,350 

7,990 

7,990 

8,530

8,350 

7,990 

7,990 

7,990 

6,970

Oct.

7,990 

7,810 

7,640 

7,470 

7,640

6,810 

6,970 

7,130 

7,300 

7,300

7,300 

7,470 

6,490 

6,970 

7,130

Nov.

6,970 

6,970 

6,020 

5,870 

7,130

7,130 

7,130 

7,130 

6,970 

6,020

6,020 

6,650 

6,970 

6,970 

6,970

Day.

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

June.

5,580 

5,720 

5,870 

5,870 

6,020

6,020 

6,330 

5,720 

5,720 

6,020

5,720 

5,720 

5,580 

5,580 

5,030

July.

8,350 

8,720 

7,990 

6,810 

7,640

8,350 

8,350 

8,720 

8,910 

8,910

8,910 

8,910 

8,720 

10,200 

10,200 

10,200

Aug.

6,810 

7,300 

7,130 

7,470 

8,170

7,810 

6,970 

6,650 

6,810 

6,170

6,650 

6,330 

6,650 

6,650 

6,970 

6,810

Sept.

7,300 

7,640 

7,300 

6,810 

6,810

6,330 

6,170 

6,170 

6,650 

7,640

9,860 

9,100 

8,170 

7,640 

7,990

Oct.

7,130 

6,970 

6,970 

7,130 

6,490

6,020 

6,810 

6,970 

6,970 

6,970

6,970 

5,870 

5,870 

6,810 

6,970 

6,970

Nov.

6,810 

6,020 

6,330, 

6,970 

6,970

7,300 

7,130 

6,970 

6,170 

6,170

6,810 

6,970 

6,970 

6,970 

6,810

NOTE. Daily discharge June 1 to Nov. 30 computed from a rating curve well defined between 

3.820 and 12,000 second-feet (gage heights 0.5 and 5.5 feet) and from daily gage heights obtained by the 

united States Geological Survey. This rating curve, as the result of additional data, differs from that 

used in Water-Supply Paper 305 for 1907-1911 by the following amounts in per cent, referred to the 1912 

curve:

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

3,300 

4,380 

5,720 

7,300

 Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.0 

1.0 

2.0 

3.0

Difference.

Per cent. 

+ 5 

- 2

 9

0

Discharge.

Second-feet. 

9,100 

11,000 

13,000 

15,200

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.0 

5.0 

6.0 

7.0

Difference.

Percent

+ 5 

+ 8 

+10

NOTE. For daily discharge values for entire year see record furnished by the Canadian department of 

public works. See also table of daily discharge furnished by S. B, Johnson, hydraulic engineer, Depart* 

went of Public Works, Canada,
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN UNITED STATES. 63

Monthly discharge of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 14,600 square miles.]«

Month.

July............................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,650 

10,200 

10,400 

9,860 

7,990 

7,300

Minimum.

5,030 

5,100 

6,170 

5,870 

5,870 

5,870

Mean.

6,030 

7,580 

8,110 

7,590 

7,010 

6,740

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

a Discharge in "second-feet per square mile" and "Run-off (depth in inches)" are not published for 

this drainage area, because such values are believed to be misleading in that they do not represent the 

natural flow at this station. See "Artiflciarcontrol." ,

NOTE. This table was computed from discharge values obtained entirely from the Interpretation of 

the base data at this gaging station by engineers of the United States Geological Survey. See also table 

computed from daily discharge furnished by S. B. Johnson, hydraulic engineer, Department of Public 

Works, Canada.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn.,for 1912. 

[Canadian Department of Public Works.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13............... 14..........;....

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...,....,...,..

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

4,490

5,695

5,665

5,695

5,640

5,815

4,450

3,995

5,725

5,720

5,725

5,940

6,220

3,700

5,030

5,855

5,930

5,900

5,915

5,915

4,700

4,320

5,915

5,920

5,875

5,760

5,495

4,255

3,935

5,080

5,085

Feb.

5,OS5

5,440

5,845

4,620

3,995

5,105

5,090

5,050

4,985

4,870

4,105

3,990

5,030

5,035

5,000

5,009

5,017

4,119

3,976

5,035

5,044

5,057

5,063

5,014

4,169

4,080

5,068

5,066

5,056

Mar.

4,856

4,888

4,197

4,102

5,101

5,037

5,090

5,102

5,063

4,205

4,108

5,105

5,060

5,025

5,046

4,960

3,828

3,890

4,812

5,045

5,096

5,095

5 (¥14.

3,560

4,429

5,070

5,022

5,057

5,090

4,910

4,012

Apr.

3,953

5,022

5,028

4/997

5,002

4,984

3,725

3,616

5,049

5,068

5,096

5,119

5,052

4,031

4,409

5,100

5,045

5,055

5,048

4,130

3,950

5,045

5,055

5,385

5,800

5,900

4,597

4,348

5,865

May.

5,880

5,885

5,915

6,190

5,250

4,795

6,185

6,570

6,600

6,692

6,734

5,435

4,800

6,690

6,695

6,690

6,350

6,355

4,855

5,200

6,730

6,743

6,720

6,577

4,892

5,175

6.680

6,495

6,350

5,776

June.

6,315

5,440

5,235

6,370

6,382

6,410

6,305

6,159

5,971

5,889

6,267

6,239

6,283

6,312

6,255

5,570

5,730

6,042

6,093

6,180

6,261

6,415

5,823

5,693

6,190

5,835

5,853

5,775

5,267

July.

6,078

5,650

5,940

5,460

5,150

5,540

5,394

5,835

6,932

7,064

7,480

7,760

7,576

7,494

8,613

8,835

8,148

6,981

7,604

8,633

8,405

9 ft19

8,940

9,061

9,105

8,572

9

QA.R

9,979

10,087

Aug.

10,091

10,072

10,077

9,462

8,953

9,825

9,837

9,714

9,333

9,332

8,442

8,299

8,208

8,246

7,965

7 048

7^528

7,720

7,530

8,416

8,194

6,865

6,728

6,932

5,885

6,166

6,614

6,839

7,055

7,152

7,177

Sept.

6,448

5,892

6,470

8,408

8,498

8,363

7,997

7,254

7,266

8,057

7,962

7,799

7,831

7,880

7,260

1 WL

7,812

7,479

6,996

6,923

6,588

5,910

6,063

6,930

7,315

8,892

8,223

7,179

7,024

Oct.

7,279

7,202

7,039

7,089

7,078

6,199

6,543

7,060

7,060

7,039

7,045

7,100

06,880

6,664

7,083

7 044

7,047

6,852

6,987

R <VML

5,824

7,076

7,111

7,056

7,078

6,135

5,927

6,968

7,076

7,112

Nov.

7,087

7,122

6,184'

6,095

7,199

7,146

7,100

7,073

6,791

6,175

5,998

6,568

6,923

7,020

6,955

7,041

5,261

6,511

6,999

7,015

7,089

7,033

7 050

6'l74

5,978

7,002

7 054

7^047

6,687

6,422

Dec.

5,801

6,433

6,725

7,001

6,968

6,655

6,149

5,828

5,860

6,913

6,973

6,972

6,962

6,675

5,412

5,532

7,267

6,987

6,850

6,989

6,762

5,900

4,650

6,581

5,011

4,591

5,995

6,549

5,762

5,137

6,751

a Interpolated by engineers of United States Geological Survey.

NOTE. Daily discharge record furnished by S. B. Johnson, hydraulic engineer, department of public 

works, Canada, and were computed from power-house records. See also table of daily discharge June 1 

to Nov. 30,1912, computed from United States Geological Survey gage records.
64 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.'

Monthly discharge of Rainy River at International Palls, Minn.,for 191%. 

[Drainage area, 14,600 square miles.] »

Month.

May..............

July..............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,220 

5,840 

5,100 

5,900 

6,770 

6,420 

10,100

Minimum.

3,700 

3,980 

3,560 

3,620 

4,800 

5,240 

5,150

Mean.

5,330 

4,830 

4,740 

4.850 

6,090 

6,020 

7,680

Month.

The year...

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

10,100 

8,890 

7,280 

7,200 

7,270

10,100

Minimum.

5,880 

5,890 

5,820 

5,260 

4,590

3,560

Mean.

8,120 

7,360 

6,880 

6,730 

6,280

6,250

o "Discharge in second-feet per square mile" and "Kun-oflE (depth in inches)" are not published for 

this drainage area, because such values are believed not to represent the natural flow at this station. See 

"Artificial control" in station description.

NOTE. Discharge computed by engineers of the United States Geological Survey from the daily discharge record furnished by S. B. Johnson, hydraulic engineer, Department of Public Works, Canada.

RAINY LAKE AT RANIER, MINN.

Location. At the foot of Rainy Lake at the foot of the Ranier wharf.

Becords available. January 1, 1910, to December 31, 1912.

Gage. Vertical staff. Prior to August 19, 1911, the gage heights were taken at the 

upper gage of the Minnesota & Ontario Power Co., just above the dam at International Falls, 2 miles below Ranier. Comparative readings taken on the two 

gages during 1911 indicated a slope of 0.50 foot between the two points, and, to 

make the records at the two points comparable the readings on the Minnesota & 

Ontario gage were reduced by 488.50 feet. Recent studies by Mr. Meyer, an 

engineer of the International Joint Commission, indicate that the actual slope 

between the two gages varied from 0.3 to 1.2 feet during the period January 1,

1910. to August 18, 1911, so that the readings on the Minnesota & Ontario Power 

Co.'s gage should have been reduced by an amount ranging from 488.70 to 487.80 

feet instead of by 488.50 feet. Gage heights from January 1, 1910, to August 18,

1911. published in Water-Supply Papers 285 and 305 are therefore in error as 

referred to the correct datum by an unknown amount varying from +0.2 to -»0.7 

foot. The dam at International Falls controls the level of Rainy Lake which 

has an area of approximately 344 square miles. Owing to the great number of 

small islands in the lake its effective capacity is somewhat uncertain, as the 

existing maps are too small to show this accurately. Beginning August 19, 1911, 

the gage heights refer to the gage established by the Canadian Department of 

- Public Works. The 1912 gage heights have been referred to the original datum of 

the gage which had its elevation 489.00 feet above that of the Minnesota & Ontario 

Power.Co.'s gage. The gage was maintained at the following elevations during

1912:

Feet. 

Jan. 1 to Sept. 21........................................ 489.00

Sept. 22 to Oct. 9........................................ 488. 77

Oct. 15 to Dec. 31....................................... 489.25

The records at this station, by indicating the change of water level; show the 

gain or loss in storage due to the control of -the flow at the International Falls 

dam, and when used in connection with the records of the flow of the Rainy at 

International Falls are of value in determining the natural run-off. 

Cooperation. Gage is owned and maintained by the Canadian Department of 

Public Works.
HUDSON" BAY DBAINAGE AEEA IN UNITED STATES.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rainy Lake at Ranier, Minr* 

[G. A. Schiller, observer.]

65

,, for 1919.

Day. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. ii)t. Oct. Nov. Dec

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31...............

3.12

3.10

3.08

3.06

3.04

3.02

3.00

2.98

2.96

2.94

2.92

2.90

2.88

2.86

2.84

2.81

2.76

2.72

2.69

2.64

2.63

2.62

2.60

2.56

2.54

2.50

2.48

2.45

2.42

2.40

2.36

2.32

2.30

2.28

2.26

2.24

2.22

2.20

2.20

2.19

2.18

2.18

2.16

2.12

2.10

2.08

2.06

2.05

2.04

2.03

2.02

2.00

1.98

1.96

1.91

1.86

1.81

1.78

1.76

1.74

1.72

1.70

1.68

1.64

1.62

1.59

1.56

1.54

1.52

1.50

1.48

1.45

1.41

1.37

1.33

1.31

1.30

1.27

1.23

1.20

1.18

1.16

1.14

1.11

1.07

1.03

1.00

.98

.96

2.38

0.91 

.87 

.83 

.81 

.80

.78 

.78 

.79 

.75 

.75

.75 

.75 

.76 

.78 

.78

.82 

.87 

.90 

.91 

.91

.93 

.95 

.97 

.99 

1.03

1.10

1.20

1.22

1.29

1.35

1.41

1.48

1.56

1.61

1.71

1.75

1.77

1.89

2.01

2.08

2.16

2.24

2.31

2.37

2.46

2.55

2.57

2.66

2.80

2.88

2.96

3.02

3.10

3.21

3.26

3.42

3.55

3.66

3.71

3.76

3.81

3.91

4.06

4.12

4.24

4.34

4.42

4.54

6.62

4.71

4.81

4.92

5 21

5 28

38

48

58

65

6.45

6.50

6.56

6.61

6.66

6.78

6.83

6.86

6.88

6.91

6.98

7.02

7.03

7.02

7.06

7.08

7.08

7.09

7.16

7.19

7.23

7.28

7.28

7.28

7.29

7.29

7.40

7.39

7.38

7.38

7.38

7.34

7.31

7.29

7.30

7.32

7.31

7.29

7.28

7.26

7.24

7.18

7.15

7.20

7.20

7.22

7.27

7.24

7.23

7.22

7.19

7.20

7.22

7.27

7.27

7.27

7.26

7.30

7.31

7.33

7.33

7

7.34

41

7. 

7.

7.28

7.26

7.26

7.27

7.27

7.25

7.25

7.26

7.27

7.25

7.23

7.25

7.19

7.20

7.23

7.17

7.16

7.15

7.11

7.10

7.09

7.08

7.07

7.05

7.05

7.05

7.03

7.02

7.01

7.00

6.98

6.96

6.90

6.89

6.87

6.84

6.81

6.77

6.75

6.73

6.73

6.71

6.65

6.65

6.65

6.61

6.59

6.55

6.53

6.49

6.41

6.44

6.45

6.45

6.45

6.41

6.37

6.35

6.33

6.31

6.28

6.25

6.22

6.19

6.16

6.12

6.10

6.07

6.05

6.03

6.01

5.99

5.98

5.97

5.95

5.93

5.91

5.89

5.87

5.85

5.85

5.83

NOTE. Gage heights here published refer to the same da turn, the readings Sept 

corrected by -0.23 foot and Oct. 15 to Dec. 31 by +0."~ " ' " " " ' " 

the gage was 489.00 feet and the elevation of the zero 

mained at that elevation until Oct. 9, and on Oct. 15 was changed 

made by the Canadian Department of Public Works, 

commission."

was changed on Sept

' to 489.25 feet 

On Oct. 10 the observer

. 21 to Oct. 9 having been 

devation of the datum of 

21 to 488.77 feet, re- 

;. These changes were 

reported: "Gage out of

VERMILION EIVEE BELOW LAKE VE11MILION, NEAE TOWEE, MINN.

Location. Just below the dam at outlet of '. 1/ake Vermilion in sec.

17 W., in St. Louis County, 4 miles above the mouth of 

enters from the west.

Becords available. May 17, 1911, to Decen.ber 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 507 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from car End cable just below

Artificial control. At the outlet of Vermilion Lake, a few hundred 

gage, there is a dam which is used to raise the elevation o 

navigation. There are no gates in the dam, but on July 19, ] 

For a period after this date the flow was losrer than normal as* 

age. The lake has a slightly greater stoiage capacity, at 1 

that the flow during the winter period of 1912-13 will probably

.2, T. 63 N.,R. 

Two Mile Creek, which

the gage section, 

feet above the 

the lake for aid in 

912, it was repaired, 

there was less leakhe present time, so 

be somewhat

larger than it would have been had not the dam been repair

Winter flow. Owing to the heavy fall at t xe gage section, 

in 200 yards, there is little or no backwater from ice du .' 

Accuracy. Conditions are favorable for fairly accurate results 

tainty being some inaccuracy in the discharge measurements 

rocky section. 

29804° WSF 325 14 5

amounting to 20 feet 

'ug t le winter months. 

, the only uncerowing to the very
66 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAST V.

Discharge measurements of Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, near Tower, Minn.,

Date.

Mar. 7 o.

Hydrographer.

S. B. Soul<§.. ...........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

.52

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

97.6

Date.

Mar. 7«.

Oct. 16. .

Hydrographer.

W. G. Hoyt.. ..........

S. B. Soul<§.. ...........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.52

.68

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

103

105

a, Open water; regular section.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, near Tower, Minn.,

for 1912.

[C. M. Everett, observer.]

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3. ..............

4...............

5...............

C...............

7...............

8...............

9.. .............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30..............

31...............

Jan.

0.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.68

.68

.68

.68

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

Feb.

0.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.64

.63 -63

.62

.62

.61

.61

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.58

.56

.54

Mar.

0.54

.52

.52

.52

.52

.52

.52

.50

.50

.50

.50

.50

.50

.46

.44

.42

.42

.42

.42

.42

.42

.42

.42

.42

.43

.44

.45

.45

.45

45

Apr.

0.45

.45

.45

.45

.45

.45

.45

.48

.50

.50

.50

.52

.54

.55

.55

.55

.57

.60

.63

.65

.68

.70

.70

.70

.75

.80

.85

.85

.90

.95

May.

1.10

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.75

1.8

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.0

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.0

2.0

2.0

2 ft

June.

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.95

1.95

1.9

1.85

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.55

, 1.55

July.

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.25

.8

.8

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

Aug.

0.65

.65

.65

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.55

.55

.55

.55

.55

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.55

.55

.55

.55

.55

.55

Sept.

0.55

.55

.55

.55

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

-fr

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

Oct.

0.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.55

.55

.55

.55

.55

.55

.55

.55

.55

.55

.55

.55

Nov.

0.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

Dec.

0.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

 .5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, near Tower,

Minn., for 1912.

Day.

1.... ...........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5.... ...........

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

Jan.

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

Feb.

122

122

122

122

122

122

122

122

122

120

119

119

117

117

Mar.

106

103

103

103

103

103

103

100

100

100

100

100

100

94

32

Apr.

93

93

QO

93

93

93

93

97

100

100

100

103

106

107

107

May.

208

231

OK?

287

321

358

398

420

449

490

540

un

568

568

June.

540

540

515

515

515

490

490

490

490

515

515

466

466

July.

340

321

321

304

287

287

287

272

272

257

244

244

244

257

244

Aug.

122

122

122

114

114

114

114

114

107

107

107

107

107

100

100

Sept.

107

107

107

107

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

Oct.

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

Nov.

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

Dec.

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN UNITED STATES

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, near Tower, 

Minn., for 1912 Continued.

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24.. ...r.. .......

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

130

130

127

127

127

127

122

122

122

122

122

122

122

122

122

122

Feb.

116

116

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

111

108

106

Mar.

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

89

90

92

93

93

93

93

Apr.

107

110

114

119

122

127

130

130

130

139

148

158

158

167

177

May.

568

568

568

595

595

595

595

568

568

568

568

568

540

540

540

540

June.

442

442

442

420

420

420

420

398

398

378

378

358

34n

340

July.

244

244

148

148

130

130

130

130

130

122

122

122

122

122

122

122

Aug.

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

107

107

107

107

107

107

Sep

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

Oct.

114

114

114

114

107

107

107

107

107

107

107

107

107

107

107

107

Nov.

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

Dec.

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

67

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve.

Monthly discharge of Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, near

1912.

[Drainage area, 507 square miles.]

Tower, Minn., for

Month.

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

130 

122 

106 

177 

595 

540 

340 

122 

114 

 114 

100 

100

595

Minimum.

122 

106 

89 

93 

208 

340 

122 

100 

107 

107 

100 

100

89

Mean.

127 

117 

95.3 

117 

490 

454 

209 

107 

113 

111 

100 

100

178

P«

squ 

mil

0.

r 

ire 

e.

250 

231 

188 

231 

966 

895 

412 

211 

223 

219 

197 

197

351

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.29 

.25 

.22 

.26 

1.11 

1.00 

.48 

.24 

.25 

.25 

.22 

.23

4.80

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

LITTLE FORK RIVER AT LITTLE FORK, MINN

Location. At the lower of the two highway bridges in Little Fort: in sec. 9, T. 68 N.,

R. 25 W., 1J miles above the mouth of Beaver Brook. 

Records available. June 23, 1909, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 1,720 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff datum unchanged since establishment. 

Channel. Practically permanent, except for temporary backwat

the railroad bridge below the station. 

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge. 

Artificial control. The river is used throughout the spring

driving. There are, however, no logging dams on the rivei

natural. ;, 

Winter now. The river is completely frozen over at the station

April. 

Accuracy. Conditions at the station are favorable and the recorcs

reliable.

>r from log jama at

and summer for log 

, so that the flow is

from November to 

of flow should be
68 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

Jan. 21«

Feb. 26»

Mar. 3(K

May 20d

20<*

Hydrographer.

S. B.Soule.. ...........

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.52

5.76

5.94

12.34

12.23

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

64

71

67

2,290

Date.

14

Dec. 19/

Hydrographer.

S. B. Soul<5 ............

.....do.................

W.G.Hoyt.. ..........

S. B.Soute.. ....;......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.83

6.83

5.28

5.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

610

605

131

113

a Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 1.19 feet; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.28 

foot.

6 Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 1.60 feet; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.07 

foot.

« Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 1.78 feet; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.00 

foot.

d Log Jam on railway bridge about 2 miles below gage.

e Backwater from logs held in boom just below railway bridge.

/ Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 0.68 foot.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn., for 1912. 

[Herman I. Mous, observer.]

Day.

1... ............ 

2............... 

3...............

4...............

5...............

6............... 

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15............... 

16...............

17...............

18............... 19..-.........:...

20...............

21............... 

22...............

23............... 

24...............

25...............

26............... 

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

.......

5.95

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.7

5.5 

5.5

5.5

5.5

Feb.

5.45

5.45

5.45

5.45

5.45

5.8

.......

5.8

5.8

5.8

Mar.

"5." 75"

.......

5.75

5.80

5.8

5.8

"5.~85~

K Q

5.9

Apr.

5.95

6.1

"ii.y

12.0

12.4

12.0

11.8

10 9

10.5

10.0

9.8 

9 3

8 9

9 0

8.8

8

M

8.5 

8.4

8.1 

7.4

7 9

7.7 

9.2

9.9

10.8

May.

11.0 

11.1 

10.4

11.6

11.7 

12.4

12.7

12.5

12.6

13.6

13.6

10 1

12.5

19 Pi

12.0 

11.4

11.1 

10.6

9 Q

8.9 

8.5

8.4

8.1

7.4

June.

"~8."6"

7.4

7.4

7.4 

7.5

7.3

7.4

7.2

6.2

6.5

6.7

6.8

6.7 

6.6

6.5

6.5

6.6

6.7

6.9 

6.8

6.6 

6.5 

6.3

6.2 

6.0

5.8

5.7

5.7

July.

6.2 

7.3

7.2

6.6

6.3

6.0 

6.0

6.1

6.0

6.0

5.8

5.8

6.0

6.3

6.2 

5.9

5

0

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.65 

5.6

5.7 

5.8 

5.6

5.6 

5.65

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

Aug.

5.45 

5.35 

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.3 

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.2 

5.1

5.2

5.25

5.3

5.3

5.3 

5.3

5.3 

5.3 

5.3

5.3 

5.3

5.4

5.7

5.9

5.9

Sept.

5.8 

5.85 

5.8

5.75

8.8

8.2 

8.7

8.6

8.7

8.6

8.4

7.6

7.8

7.5

7.2 

7.0

6.8

6.6

6.2

5.9

5.9 

6.0

6.3 

6.6 

6.9

7.2 

7.3

7.7

7.9

7.0

Oct.

8.0 

7.9 

7.6

7.4

7.2

7.1 

7.1

6.8

6.6

6.8

6.8

6.7

6.8

6.6

6.7 

6.7

6.6

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.2 

6.3

6.3 

6.2 

6.1

6.1 

5.95

5.8

6.1

6.1

6.0

Nov.

6.0 

6.0 

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0 

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

5.95

5.9

5.9 

5.9

6.2

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.3 

6.2

6.1 

6.1 

6.2

6.3 

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.2

Dec.

......

6.0

5.75

......

5.7

......

......

5.9

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Apr. 12, and about Nov. 17 

to Dec. 31; by log jams Apr. 29 to May 2 and May 15 to 25, and by floating logs held in boom below station 

about July 13 to Aug. 31.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN UNITED STATES. 69 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn.,for 1912.

Day.

1....................................

2....................................

3. ...................................

4. ...................................

5....................................

6. ...................................

7.. ..................................

8....... .......................... ...

9... ..-.. .............................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

99

90

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27......... ......................... ..

28.....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

2,130

1,900

1,820

1 >!Qft

1,410

1,460

1,320

1,230

1 190

1J070

793

71 Q

QAQ

1,540

1,860

1 Qftft

1,950

May.

2,000

2,040

2,080

2,180

2,660

2,710

3,060

3.210

3,110

3,160

3,110

3,160

3,310

3,260

2 Gift

3 1fift

2 910

2' 660

2' 360

2 360

2 -IDA

1,860

1,720

1 ^ftft

1 10ft

1,410

1 230

11 Oft

1,070

70S

850

June.

910

970

1,030

793

793

793

831

756

793

719

395

482

545

545

513

482

482

513

545

612

578

513

482

423

395

341

289

264

264

July.

395

75«

719

513

423

341

341

368

341

341

289

289

289

368

341

264

240

240

216

193

204

1<W

193

193

193

193

204

193

193

193

193

Aug.

160

140

150

130

112

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

112

112

97

112

121

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

150

216

264

264

Sept.

289

302

289

276

1,360

1,110

1,320

1,280

1,320

1,280

1,190

870

949

831

719

647

578

513

395

315

315

341

423

513

612

719

756

909

989

647

Oct.

1,030

989

870

793

719

683

683

578

513

578

578

545

578

513

545

545

513

482

452

452

395

423

423

395

368

. 368

328

289

368

368

341

Nov.

341

341

341

341

341

341

341

341

341

. 341

341

328

328

315

315

315

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a discharge rating table that is well defined for unobstructed 

channel conditions. Daily discharge interpolated Apr. 29 to May 2 and July 23 and 24 and daily gage 

heights as published reduced 1.5 feet to enter discharge rating table May 15 to 25 because of logjams. Gage 

heights reduced 0.2 foot to enter discharge rating table July 13 to Aug. 31 because of effect of floating logs. 

Discharge interpolated May 31 to June 2. Discharge Jan. 1 to Apr. 12 and Nov. 17 to Dec. 31 estimated, 

because of ice, from elimatologic records, discharge measurements and observer's reports, as follows: Jan. 

1-31,85 second-feet, varying from about 130 to 60 second-feet; Feb. 1-29, 75 second-feet, varying from about 

80 to 70 second-feet; Mar. 1-31, 70 second-feet; Apr. 1-12, 650 second-feet, varying from about 70 to 2,000 

second-feet; Nov. 17-30, 300 second-feet, varying from about 315 to 285 second-feet; Dec. 1-31, 150 secondfeet, varying from about 250 to 100 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 1,720 square miles.a]

Month.

April.. ..................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet".

Maximum.

3,3i6 

1,030 

756 

264 

1,360 

1,030

3,310

Minimum.

793 

264 

193 

97 

276 

289

Mean.

85 

75 

70 

1,130 

. 2,270 

588 

304 

140 

735 

539 

318 

150

535

Per

square 

mile.

0.049 

.044 

.041 

.657 

1.32 

.342 

.177 

.081 

.427 

.313 

.185 

.087

.311

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.06 

.05 

.05 

.73 

1.52 

.38 

.20 

.09 

.48 

.36 

.21 

.10

4.23

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

C. 

C.

o Although there is considerable swamp land in this drainage area it is still in its natural state, and it 

is believed, therefore, that the estimates "Discharge in second-feet per square, mile" and "Euu-ofl (depth 

in inches)" are not misleading.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.
70 STTEPACB WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAST V.

BIG FORK RIVER AT BIG FALLS, MINN.

Location. At Big Falls, about 500 feet below the lower end of the rapids.

Records available. August 27, 1909, to September 30, 1912.

Drainage area. 1,320 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff. The gage was originally located at the Minnesota and International bridge above the falls, but jams at that point caused so much trouble that 

on June 10,1911, the station was moved to its present site, the new gage being set 

to read approximately 1 foot lower than the old gage. Gage heights for 1911 have 

been referred to the present gage and gage heights for 1912 were taken at this gage.

Channel. Although the channel is practically permanent in itself, it is for the greater 

part of the year full of logs.

Discharge measurements. Made from a car and cable one-fourth mile below the

Winter flow. Daily discharge January 1 to March 31 estimated, because of ice, from 

discharge measurements, gage heights, climatologic records, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, as follows: January 1-31, 30 second-feet, varying from about 

40 to 25 second-feet; February 1-29, 30 second-feet, varying from about 25 to 40 

second-feet; March 1-31, 35 second-feet, varying from about 40 to 30 second-feet.

Accuracy. The formation of log jams throughout the river's course makes it impossible to so place a gage that the relation between gage heights and discharge will 

be constant for any extended period. Owing to the inability to secure weekly 

measurements, no estimates of flow can be given except during the period of ice 

when the effect of log jams is relatively unimportant, and the mean monthly discharge can be estimated from the current meter measurements. The discharge 

for the entire year can be approximately estimated by determining the relation 

between the discharge of Little Fork and Big Fork rivers at the times of discharge 

measurements, assuming such relation to hold at other times and then using it in 

conjunction with the gage heights at Big Falls to estimate the flow of the Big Fork.

Discharge measurements of Big Fork River at Big Falls, Minn., in 1912. 

[Hydrographer, S. B. Soule1 .]

Date.

Feb. 276. ....................

Apr.l<*. .....................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.33

2.39

2.24

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

26.9

37.2

27.0

28.6

Date.

May 21. ......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.06

3.13

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

951

97

46

a Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 1.24 feet; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.29 

foot.

6 Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 1.27 feet; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.32 

foot.

c Section about 40 feet below downstream edge of highway bridge; measurement in open water; complete 

ice cover at gage.

d Section about 25 feet below downstream edge of highway bridge; measurement in open water; complete 

ice cover at gage.

e A great many logs in channel, causing considerable backwater.

/ Complete ice cover at gage; open at measuring section at foot of rapids.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVEft t>RAINA6E BASIN. 71

Daily gage height, in feet, of Big Fork River at Big Falk, Minn., far 191%. 

[Feme Butler, observer.]

Day.

1...........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7.. ...... .......... .........

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30........................... 11

Jan.

2.75

2.7

2.65

2.65

2.55

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.25

Feb.

2.2

2 2

2.3

2.25

2.3

2.25

2.3

2.35

2.4

2.4

Mar.

2.5

2.35

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

Apr.

2.25

2 25

4.4

4.6

4.7

5.1

5.0

5.0

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.2

4.2

4.0

3.9

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.8

4.0

4.3

4.5

4.6

4.8

5.2

May.

5.2

5.2

5.0

5.2

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.6

5.8

6.2

6.0

5.8

5.7

6.0

6.2

6.0

6.1

5.9

5.2

5.0

4.9

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.7

Tune.

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.6

4.4

4.4

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.6

4.8

4.9

5.0

5.0

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.6

4.6

4.4

4.6

4.8

5.1

' 4.8

5.2

July.

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.0

3.8

4.2

4.4

4.1

4.0

4.0

3.8

4.4

4.2

4.0

4.0

3.9

4.0

4.0

4.2

3.9

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.4

Aug.

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.8

4.2

4.8

4.6

4.2

4.3

4.7

4.1

4.2

4.6

Sept.

4.6

4.4

4.2

3.4

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.85

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.75

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.3

3.6

4.2

4.6

4.7

4.8

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 1 to Apr. 7.

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

MISSISSIPPI RIVER ABOVE SANDY RIVER, NEAR LIBBY, MINN.

Location. A short distance above the mouth of Sandy River in sec. 25, T. 50 N.,

R. 24 W.,.near Libby post office, in Aitkin County. 

Records available. September 1,1895, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 4,510 square miles. 

Gage. Vertical staff. 

Discharge measurements. Made by an employee of the United States Corps of

Engineers, stationed at Sandy Lake dam.

Artificial control. Flow at this station is controlled in the interest of navigation by

three reservoirs, namely, Lake Winnibigoshish, Leech Lake, and Pokegama Falls.

Cooperation. Station maintained by United States Corps of Engineers for the

purpose of determining the flow of the river above Sandy Lake reservoir.
72 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mississippi River above Sandy River, near Libby, Minn.,

for 1912.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24.......... ....

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

684

659

634

609

583

557

o532

528

523

519

514

510

505

500

496

491

487

482

478

473

«468

460

451

443

434

426

417

409

400

390

o381

Feb.

396

411

426

441

456

471

486

501

517

533

o548

544

540

537

534

531

528

525

521

518

o515

518

522

526

530

534

537

541

o545.

Mar.

542

538

534

530

527

524

521

518

515

0512

516

519

523

527

530

o534

543 552'

561

570

580

589

0598

605

612

620

«O7

635

642

Apr.

671

687

703

718

734

750

765

781

796

812

827

843

«859

867

875

883

891

RQQ

907

915

923

931

940

948

956

964

o972

980

988

May.

1,060

1,120

1,190

1,250

1,320

1,380

1,450

1,510

1,580

1,640

1,700

ol,770

1,760

1,740

1,730

1,710

1,700

ol 680

1^670

1 640

1,620

1,590

1,570

1,540

ol,510.

1,500

i t*nn

1,500

1,500

1,500

ol,500

June.

1,520

1,540

1,570

1,590

1,610

1,640

1,660

ol,680

1,690

1,700

1,710

1,720

1,730

1,740

1,750

1,760

1,760

ol, 770

1,760

1,750

1,730

1,720

ol,710

1,680

1,650

1,620

1,600

1,570

1,540

ol,510

July.

1,540

1,570

1,600

1,630

1,660

1,700

1,730

ol, 760

1,740

1,720

1,710

1,690

1,680

1,660

1,650

ol,630

1,620

1,610

1,600

1,590

1,580

ol,570

1,540

1,520

1,490

1,470

1,440

1,420

1,390

1,360

ol,340

Aug.

1,350

1,360

1,370

1,380

1,400

1,410

1,420

ol, 430

1,440

1,450

1,460

1,470

1,480

1,490

1,500

1,510

ol,520

1,510

1,490

1,470

1,460

1,440

1,430

1,410

ol,400

1,370

1,340

1,320

1,290

1,270

ol,240

Sept.

1,310

1,380

1,460

1,530

1,600

1,670

1,740

1,810

1,880

1,960

2,030

2,100

2,170

2,240

o2, 310

2,300

2,280

2,270

2,250

2,240

2 220

o2,210

2,250

2,290

2,330

2.380

2,420

2,460

2,500

a2,540

Oct.

2,440

2,340

2,240

2,140

2,040

ol,940

1,930

1,930

1,930

1,930

1,920

1,920

1,920

1,920

1,920

al,910

1,850

1,780

1,720

1,650

1,590

ol,520

1,520

1,520

1,510

1,510

1,510

1,500

1,500

1,500

ol,500

Nov.

1,460

1,420

1,380

1,340

1,300

1,260

1,220

1,180

1,160

1,110

1,070

1,030

o990

988

986

983

981

979

976

974

972

970

967

965

963

960

958

955

953

950

Dec.

918

885

853

820

787

755

722

690

657

624

592

559

o523

522

521

521

520

519

518

517

o516

520

525

530

534

538

548

543

552

557

o563

o Discharge measurement.

Monthly discharge of Mississippi River above Sandy River, near Libby, Minn., for 1912. 

[Drainage area; 4,510 square miles.] o

Month.

March ....................................................

July......................................................

October. ..................................................

December. ...............................................

The year. ..........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

684 

548 

656 

995 

1,770 

1,770 

1,760 

1,520 

2,540 

2,440 

1,460 

918

2,.540

Minimum.

381 

396 

512 

671 

1,060 

1,510 

1,340 

1,240 

1,310 

1,500 

950 

516

381

Mean.

498 

508 

563 

859 

1,530 

1,670 

1,590 

1,420 

2,070 

1,810 

1,080 

611

1,180

Run-oft 

(total in 

millions of 

cubic leet).

1,330 

1,270 

1,510 

2,230 

4,100 

4,330 

4,260 

3,800 

5,370 

4,850 

2,800 

1,640

37,500

o Discharge in "Second-feet per square mile" and "Run-off (depth in inches)" not published for this 

drainage area because the flow at the station is modified by the operation of six reservoirs in the Interest 

of navigation, as noted under "Artificial control" in station description.

NOTE. Computed by engineers of the United States Geological Survey from daily discharge record 

furnished by the Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army.

MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT ANOKA, MINN.

Location. At highway bridge connecting Anoka with Champlain, Minn., a short 

distance above the mouth of Rum River.

Records available. November 3, 1896, to September 10, 1897 (United States Engineer Corps records); May 8, 1905, to December 31, 1912.
TJPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 73

Drainage area-. 17,100 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage; staff gage prior to 1909; datum, unchanged since establishment 

of station, is the same as that used by the United States Engineer Corps in 1896 

and 1897.

Channel. Practically permanent. Control temporarily changed for a few days at 

a time by log jams.

Discharge measurements. Made from bridge.

Winter flow. The river is frozen and regular observations are discontinued from 

December to March. The monthly discharge for this period during 1912 is based 

on the records of flow kept by the United States Enigneer Corps records at Lock 

and Dam No. 2, below Minneapolis, an allowance being made for the increase in 

flow between the two points.

Artificial control. The nearest dam is located at Minneapolis, but on account of 

the fall between the two points, its influence does not extend to the Anoka station. The first dam above Anoka is at St. Cloud. The flow of the river is controlled by Government dams on the upper river at Lake Winnibigoshish, Leech 

Lake, Pokegama Falls, Sandy Lake, Pine River, and Gull Lake, for the purpose of increasing the low-water open-season flow in the interest of navigation. 

Although the river is used extensively for log driving there is very little backwater from log jams forming below the station, except for a few days at a time.

Accuracy. Although no measurements were made during 1907 and 1908, those 

made subsequently indicate that there has been no great change in the discharge 

rating curve as developed in 1897,1905, and 1906, and therefore, it can be applied 

to all gage heights since the establishment of the station. This permanence of 

conditions indicates that the records of flow are reliable. 

The following discharge measurement was made by Hoyt and Soule": 

June 5,1912; gage height, 1.40 feet; discharge, 8,480 second-feet.

Daily gage height, infect, of Mississippi River at Anoka, Minn.,for 1912. 

[B. J. Witte, observer.]

Day.

1.. ...................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23..... h . .............................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

0.9

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.5

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.2

1.0

1.0

.8

.7

.6

.6

.5

.7

.8

.6

.5

.4

.4

.2

.3

.4

.4

.5

.6

.6

May.

0.8

.8

1.0

1.6

2.8

5.0

6.2

6.4

6.2

5.8

5.4

4.8

4.3

3.9

3.2

3.1

2.5

2.3

2.1

2.0

1 0

2.0

1.9

2.2

2.0

2.1

2 2

2.4

2.4

2.6

2.6

June.

2.4

2.2

1.9

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.0

.9

.8

.8

.4

.5

.4

.5

.4

.4

.3

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.4

.1

.0

.1

.0

.0

July.

0.0

.0

.0

.1

.0

.3

.3

.2

.8

.4

.4

.5

.5

.4

.3

.3

.2

.3

.4

.4

.4

.4'.8

.5

1.0

.9

.9

.8

.7

.6

.6

Aug.

0.5

.4

.6

.6

.6

.6

.2 .1

.1

.2

.1

.1

.2

.2

.3

.3

.2

.3

.3

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.1

.2

.4

.4

Sept.

0.3

.3

.3

.2

.2

.2

.1

.1

.0

__ . J

 .2

_ ^

_ ^

 .2

 .2

_ ^

.0

.1

.1

.2

.1

.1

.1

.1

.1

.2

.1

.2

.2

.1

Oct.

0.1

.1

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.1

.1

.2

.2

.3

.2

.1

.1

.0

.1

.1

.1

.2

.2

.3

.2

.3

.1

.0

__ . J

 .2

t _ 2

f ___ 0

 .2

Nov.

 0.2

 .2

 .2

 .2

 .2

 .3

 .3

 .2

 .3

_ 4

_ 4

_ 3

 .4

 .5

 .4

 .4

 .4

 .5

 .4

 .4

__ . £

__ £

 .4

 .5

 .6

 .8

 .7

o

 .8

 .6
74 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mississippi Eiver at Anoka, Minn.,for 1912.

Day.

1. ...................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28.....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

6,780

7,520

8,300

8,700

9,910

9,500

7,520

6,780

6,780

6,110

5,800

5,510

5,240

5,800

6,110

5,510

5,240

5,110

4,980

4,980

4,510

4,740

4,980

4,980

5,240

5,510

5,510

May.

6,110

6,110

6,780

9,100

14,200

24,600

30,700

31,800

on 7An

28,700

26,600

23,600

16,000

12,800

11,200

10,700

10,300

10, 700

10,300

11,600

10, 700

11,200

11,600

12,400

12, 400

13,300

June.

12 400

11*600

1fi ^flfl

9

<yin

9,100

8,300

7,520

6,780

6 440 e'.no

6,110 4 osfl

5,240

4,980

4,980

4,740

5,240

5,240

5,240

5,240

5,240

5,240

4,980

4,290

4,080

4,290

4,080

4,080

July.

4,080

4,080

4,080

4,290

4,080

4,740

4,740

4,510

6,110

4,980

4,980

5,240

5,240

4,980

4,740

4,740

4,510

4,740

4,980

4,980

4,980

4,980

6,110

5,240

6,780

6,440

6,440

6,110

5,800

5,510

5,510

Aug.

5,240

4,980

5,510

5,510

5,510

5,510

4,510

3,880

4,510

4,290

4,290

4,510

4,510

4,740

4,740

4,510

4,740

4,740

4,510

4,510

4,510

4,510

4,510

4,510

4,290

4,360

4,430

4,510

4,980

4,980

Sept.

4,740

4., 740

4 74ft

4,510

4,510

4,510

4,290

4,290

4,080

3,880

3,690

3,880

3,880

3,690

3,690

3,880

4,080

4,290

4,290

4,510

4,290

4,290

4,290

4,290

4,290

4,510

4,290

4,510

4,510

4,290

Oct.

4,290

4,290

4,510

4,510

4,510

4,510

4,510

4,290

4,290

4,510

4,510

4,740

4,510

4,290

4,290

4,080

4,290

4,290

4,290

4,510

4,510

4,740

4,510

4,740

4,290

4,080

3,880

3,690

3,690

3,510

3,690

Nov.

3,690

3,690

3,690

3,690

3,690

3,510

3,510

3,690

3,510

3,340

3,340

3,510

3,340

3,180

3,340

3,340

3,340

3,180

3,340

3,340

3,340

3,340

3,340

3,180

3,030

2,760

2,890

2,760

2,760

3,030

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 3,180 and 29,700 second-feet 

(gage heights 0.5 and 6 feet). Discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 31 and Dec. 1-31 estimated, because of ice, from 

the flow of the Mississippi at Dam No. 2 as determined by the United States Engineer Corps, minus the flow 

of Rum River at Cambridge, and the estimated inflow from the remaining drainage area between Anoka 

and dam No. 2, as follows: Jan 1-31, 2,340 second-feet; Feb. 1-29, 2,330 second-feet; Mar. 1-31,2,640 secondfeet; Dec. 1-31, 2,640 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Mississippi River at Anoka, Minn.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 17,100 square miles.«]

Month.

May............................................................

July............................................................

August.........................................................

October ........................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

9,910 

31,800 

12,400 

6,780 

5,510 

4,740 

4,740 

3,690

31,800

Minimum.

4,510 

 6, 110 

4,080 

4,080- 

3,880 

3,690 

3,510 

2,760

Mean.

2,340 

2,330 

2,640 

6,280 

15,700 

6,230 

5,120 

4,680 

4,260 

4,300 

3,320 

2,640

5,000

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

D. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

D.

o "Discharge In second-feet per square mile" and "Run-off (depth in inches)" not computed for this 

drainage area, because the flow past the station is controlled, in the interest of navigation, by reservoirs as 

noted under "Artificial control" hi station description.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 75

MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT ST. PAUL, MINTST.

Location. Near foot of Wabasha Street, St. Paul, 6 miles below the mouth of Minnesota River.

Records available. Gage heights by United States Signal Service (later United 

States Weather Bureau), 1873 to 1912. Many discharge measurements by United 

States Engineer Corps prior to 1900. Measurements made by United States Geological Survey, 1909 to 1912. Daily discharge March 1, 1892, to December 31, 

1912.

Drainage area. 35,700 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged. In 1911 the gage waa moved upstream 

several hundred yards, but it was set to read the same as at the original location. 

Gage read once a day. Near the same site is the gage of the United States Engineer Corps, the datum of which is 0.5 foot higher. All data herein refer to the 

Weather Bureau gage.

Channel. Somewhat shifting from year to year.

Discharge measurements. Made from the Omaha Railway bridge 2 miles above 

the station.

Winter flow. From December to March the river is frozen and the open-channel 

rating curve is not applicable. Monthly estimates of flow for this period are based 

on the records of the St. Anthony Falls Water Power Co. at Minneapolis, and the 

records of the United States Engineer Corps at lock and dam No. 2 below Minneapolis, an allowance being made for the flow of the Minnesota River.

Artificial control. The river is controlled to a certain extent by the Government 

reservoirs on the headwaters at Lake Winnibigoshish, Leech Lake, Pokegama 

Falls, Sandy Lake, Pine River, and Gull Lake, but the effect of these reservoirs 

is felt very gradually at St. Paul. The nearest dam is at Minneapolis, and it is 

possible that the shutting of the wheel gates at that point may cause some daily 

fluctuations of stage at St. Paul during extreme low water.

Maximum and minimum flow. The highest recorded discharge occurred July 22, 

1867, and amounted to 117,000 second-feet. Since 1892 the highest discharge has 

been 80,800 second feet. The winter flow has fallen nearly as low as 1,000 secondfeet.

Accuracy. As the Weather Bureau gage is read once a day, the recorded mean gage 

height for the day may be somewhat in error, although occasional additional readings have shown this error was not serious, largely because of the natural storage 

of the river channel between the Minneapolis dam and St. Paul. Previous to 1900 

the United States Engineer Corps made many discharge measurements at St. Paul, 

the results of which are published by the Mississippi River Commission. Although 

the base data for estimating the daily flow of the river are available for years prior 

to 1892, the reservoir system was not then in complete operation, and as this system 

has had a marked influence on the regimen of the river, it is evident that the 

earlier records have lost much of their value as indications of probable future flow.

Cooperation. Gage heights furnished by United States Weather Bureau; data on 

which estimates of mean monthly flow from December to March have been based 

furnished by the United States Engineer Corps.
76 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

My 11

Hydrographer. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.28

2.32

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

16, 200

6,820

Date.

July 30

Sept. 13

Hydrographer.

.....do.. _ ............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.09

1.21

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6,610

4,920

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn., for 1912.

v Day.

1.. ........................

2..........................

3..........................

4..........................

5..........................

6..... .....................

7..........................

8..........................

9..........................

10..........................

11..........................

12........................ .

13..........................

14..........................

15..........................

16..........................

17..........................

18..........................

19..........................

20..........................

21.................... . .

22..........................

23..........................

24..........................

25..........................

26..........................

27..........................

28..........................

29..........................

30..........................

31... % .. ....................

Jan.

1.2

.7

.7

.7

.6

.7

Feb.

0.3

.6

.3

.5

.4

1.1

Mar.

1.1

.8

.4

- .5

- .6

- .1

.1

.2

.3

.4

.6

.9

1.4

2 4

3 Q

Apr.

4.5

5.0

5.9

6.5

6.4

6.3

6.2

5.9

5.7

5.2

4.8

4.7

4.5

4.4

4.2

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.9

3.9

4-0

4.0

4.0

4.2

4.1

3.9

4.0

May.

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.6

5.3

7.1

9.1

10.4

11.0

11.2

10.9

10.6

10.1

9.7

9.0

8.3

7.9

7.1

6.7

6.4

6.0

5.8

5.7

5.9

5.9

5.8

5.7

6.0

6.1

6.2

6.1

June.

5.8

5.7

5.4

5.1

4.6

4.3

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.3

2.8

2.9

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

-2.2

1.8

1.8

1.6

July.

1.3

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.8

1.7

2.0

1.8

2.0

2.3

2.0

2.0

2.6

2.3

2.1

2.0

1.8

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.8

2.1

2.3

2.2

2.0

1.7

1.8

1.8

Aug.

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.2

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.4

1 3

1,3

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.4

2.1

2.2

Sept.

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1 9

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.3

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

1.0

.9

.8

.9

.9

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.3

Oct.

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.0

.9

Nov.

0.8

.8

.9

.9

.7

.6

.7

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.4

.4

.4

.5

.6

.5

.5

.4

.4

.4

.5

.5

.4

.3

.0

 .2

- .2

- .3

Dec.

-0.3

.2

.0

.2

-1.0

 .5

1.1

.5

.8

.8

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.5

.2

.0

 .2

- .2

.1

.7

.9

.7

.5

.4

.4

.1

- .1

.2

.1

NOTE. Some of the gage heights were read by the observer on a gage which is in error 0.2 foot, notably 

Apr. 1 to Sept. 30; records for October and November probably correct. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Mar. 31 and about Dec. 1 to 31.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn., for 1912.

Day.

1.. ..................................

2........................... . . .

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

Apr.

10,900

12,400

15,300

17,400

16,700

16,300

15,300

14,600

iq n/vi

11 800

11,500 in Qftft

10,600

10.000

May.

'10,000

10,000

10,000

11,200

13,300

19,700

28,500

34,800

37,900

39,000

37,400

35,800

33,300

31,400

28,100

June.

15,300

15,000

14,000

13, 100

11,700

11,000

10,800

10,300

9,840

9,400

8,980

8,770

7,750

7,950

8,150

July.

5,000

5,510

5,340

5,340

5,870

5,690

6,230

5,870

6,230

6,780

6,230

6,230

7,350

6,780

6,410

Aug.

5,340

5,340

5,170

4,840

4,550

4,690

4,690

4, 550

4,690

4,840

5,170

5,000

5,000

5,170

5,170

Sept.

6,410

6,230

6,230

6,230

6,050

6,050

5,510

5,510

5,690

5,000

4,550

4,550

4,550

4,550

4,420

Oct.

5,170

5,170

5,170

5,000

5,170

5,170

5,000

5,000

5,000

5,000

4,840

5,170

5,170

5,170

5,000

Nov.

4,290

4,290

4,420

4,420

4,160

4,040

4,160

4,040

3,920

3,920

3,920

3,920

3,800

3,800

3,800
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 77

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn., for 1912-

Continued.

Day.

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21...............;....................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

10,300

10 000

9,780

9,520

9 030

9' 270

9 97ft

9,520

9,520

10,000

9,780

9,270

9,520

May.

24,900

23,200

18,400

1fi flOfi

15, 300

15,000

15, 600

15,600

15,300

15,000

16,000

16,300

16,700

June.

7,750

7 ^^ft

7, 750

7 ^f\ft

7,550

7 P»f\ft

7,750 7 <;c;n

7,350

7,160

6,590

5,870

5,870

5,510

July.

6,230

5,870

5,340

5,510

5,510

5,170

4,840

5,870

6,410

6,780

6,590

6,230

5,690

6,870

5,870

Aug.

5,170

5,340

5,690

5,510

5,510

5,870

5,690

5,690

5,510

5,510

5,170

5,340

5,340

5,170

6,410

6,590

Sept.

4,550

4,420

4,290

4,420

4,840

4 840

4,840

5,000

5,170

5,000

5,000

5,170

5,000

Oct.

5,000

5,000

4,840

4,690

4,840

4,840

4,550

4,550

4,690

4,840

4,690

4,690

4,840

4,550

4,420

Nov.

3,920

3,920

3,920

3,800

3,800

3,800

3,920

3,800

3,680

3,330

3,120

3,120

3,030

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from two well-defined rating curves. Shift occurred during May 

flood. Some error may have been introduced into the daily discharge by the fact that at times the observer 

read the wrong gage, which, is in. error 0.2 foot. This condition is known to have existed Apr. 1 to Sept. 30, 

but October and November records are believed to be reliable. See footnote to table of daily gage heights 

for possible source of error in the above daily discharge. Discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, and Dec. 1 to 31 estimated, because of ice, from discharge at lock and dam No. 2, from records of United States Engmeer Corps, 

and flow at Mankato, as follows: Jan. 1-31, 2,800 second-feet; Feb. 1-29, 2,700 second-feet; Mar. 1-31, 3,800 

second-feet; Dec. 1-31, 3,170 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 35,700 square miles.«]

Month.

January. ......................................................

July...........................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

17,400 

39,000 

15,300 

7,350 

6,590 

6,410 

5,170 

4,420

39,000

Minimum.

9,030 

. 10,000 

5,510 

4,840 

4,550 

4,290 

4,420 

3,030

Mean.

2,800 

2,700 

3,800 

11,600 

21,200 

8,960 

5,920 

5,280 

5,120 

4,910 

3,870 

3,170

6,620

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

D.

o " Discharge in second-feet per square mile" and "Run-off (depth in inches)" not computed for this 

drainage area because the flow past the station is affected by the operation (hi the interest of navigation) 

of reservoirs as noted under "Artificial control" in station description.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

SANDY RIVER BELOW SANDY LAKE RESERVOIR, MINN.

Location. At the Sandy Lake dam, near Libby post office, in Aitkin County, 1

mile above the mouth of Sandy River. 

Records available. July 7, 1893, to December 31, 1912. 

Area of reservoir behind dam. At low stage 8 square miles; at high stage 16.5

square miles; these areas with a range of 9.4 feet give a capacity of 3,127,900,000

cubic feet. 

Discharge. The discharge over the dam is computed from the flow through the

openings and from frequent discharge measurements made by an employee who

resides near the dam. At extreme flood stages the Mississippi drowns out the
78 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

dam and fills Sandy Lake reservoir as much as 3 feet higher than was intended. 

If the Mississippi is at fairly high stage and the dam is open there is frequently 

a considerable reverse flow into the reservoir, but the amount of this flow has 

not been computed.

Cooperation. Station maintained by the United States Engineer Corps for the 

purpose of measuring the flow from the Sandy Lake reservoir, which is one unit 

in the Government reservoir system at the headwaters of the Mississippi.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of -Sandy River below Sandy Lake dam, Minn.,for 1912.

[0=No flow from reservoir.]

Day.

1...... .........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

Feb.

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

Mar.

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

Apr.

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

May.

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

497

483

480

76

474

475

120

June.

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

io

10

10

492

505

499

507

503

499

July.

502

500

501

503

500

500

499

502

500

501

501

499

502

501

498

500

500

499

501

502

502

501

500

501

50}

499

502

500

501

Aug.

502

501

498

500

500

500

501

498

502

500

499

501

499

502

499

502

500

500

501

450

264

280

326

288

258

270

242

212

245

218

Sept.

205

212

192

166

170

165

144

120

125

62

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Oct.

0

0

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

Nov.

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

g

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

Dec.

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

Monthly discharge of Sandy River below Sandy Lake dam, Minn.,for 1912.

Month.

May... ..................................................

July.....................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

10 

10 

10 

10 

497 

507 

503 

502 

212 

5 

5 

5

507

Minimum.

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

10 

498 

212 

0 

0 

5 

5

0

Mean.

10 

10 

10 

10 

102 

119 

501 

421 

52.0 

4.7 

5 

5

105

Run-off (total in millions of cubic feet).

26.8 

25.1 

26.8 

25.9 

273 

308 

1,340 

1,130 

135 

12.6 

13.0 

13.4

3,330

NOTE. Computed by engineers of the United States Geological Survey from record of daily discharge 

furnished by the United States Engineer Corps. " Discharge in second-feet per square mile" and "Runoff (depth in inches)" not computed for this drainage area because the flow past the station Is affected 

by the operation (in the interest of navigation) of reservoirs.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 79

PINE RIVER BELOW PINE RIVER RESERVOIR, MINN.

Location. Just below the dam at the outlet of Cross Lake, which is 15 miles above 

the mouth of Pine River in the central part of Crow Wing County, in T. 137 N., 

R. 27 W.

Becords available. March, 1886, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 452 square miles.

Area of reservoir surface above dam. At low water 18 square miles, at high 

water 24 square miles. These areas, with a range of 16.15 feet, give a capacity 

of 7,732,900,000 cubic feet. The dam raises the water level in Cross, Pine, Daggett, Rush, Whitefish, Trout, and Hay lakes by varying amounts.

Discharge. Determined from daily gage heights representing the head at the dam 

and from the various sized openings in the dam.

Artificial control. Flow past gaging station is controlled by the operation of Pine 

River reservoir in the interest of navigation.

Cooperation. Station maintained by the United States Engineer Corps for the 

purpose of measuring the flow from Pine River reservoir, the lowest in the present 

system of Government reservoirs on the headwaters of the Mississippi. Although 

the discharge of the dam represents the flow from the reservoir, it does not represent the entire flow of Pine River at its mouth because between the two points 

the drainage area of the river is increased from 452 to 691 square miles by Little 

Pine River and one or two other minor tributaries.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pine River below Pine River reservoir, Minn.,for 1912.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9............... 10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

59

59

60

59

60

a 60

60

60

60

60

60

60

o60

61

61

61

61

62

62

o62

63

63

63

64

64

64

o65

65

65

66

66

Feb.

65

65

o65

65

66

. 66

66

67

67

068

68

68

68

68

68

69

o69

69

69

70

70

70

71

o71

71

71

71

72

72

Mar.

70

o69

69

69

70

70

70

71

oTl

.66

65

65

64

64

63

o63

63

64

64

64

65

65

o65

65

x 65

65

65

66

66

066

66

Apr.

66

66

67

67

67

o67

67

67

68

68

68

69

o69

69

70

524

485

488

384

175

317

317

317

317

318

318

o318

318

319

319

May.

320

322

324

0327

325

320

80

75

72

70

068

68

68

69

69

69

70

70

71

71

71

72

72

o72

72

73

73

73

74

74

June.

o59

59

60

60

61

61

62

o63

62

62

61

60

59

59

o58

58

59

59

60

60

61

a 61

63

65

515

512

510

508

o506

506

July.

507

508

509

510

511

o512

510

508

506

504

502

500

0498

495

490

 488

484

480 -475

0473

468

460

458

456

454

450

0447

445

440

438

Aug.

490

485

0479

480

485

488

490

492

495

o502

495

490

485

480

478

475

0471

410

400

380

375

370

365

o362

355

350

340

330

320

310

300

Sept.

295

290

285

275

265

255

o249

249

249

250

250

250

251

o251

248

245

241

237

235

234

o234

205

195

180

170

160

156

ol54

150

145

Oct.

145

144

144

143

ol43

142

141

141

140

140

139

ol38

135 isa

57

58

59

60

a59

59

30

21

12

15

16

17

78

SO

08!

81

82

Nov.

80

o77

75

71

68

65

60

55

o51

51

51

51

51

52

52

a 52

53

53

54

55

55

56

»57

57

57

58

58

58

59

o59

Dec.

59

fifl

58

58

58

57

o57

57

, 57

57

57

57

58

o58

58

59

59

59

60

60

06!

61

60

59

58

57

56

o55

56

56

57

a Discharge measurement.

NOTE. Daily discharge for November differs from that published in the Report of the water-resources 

investigation of Minnesota, 1911-12, p. 122, which is erroneous, having been estimated from record of gate 

openings, whereas the figures here gwen are based on discharge measurements.
80 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Pine River below Pine River reservoir, Minn., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 452 square miles."]

Month.

March............................ ......

April...................................... ....... .....

June............................. .....

July.....................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

66 

72 

71 

524 

327 

515 

512 

502 

295 

145 

80 

61

515

Minimum.

59 

65 

63 

66 

68 

58 

438 

300 

145 

12 

51 

55

12

Mean.

61.8 

68.4 

66.2 

208 

120 

150 

482 

427 

228 

91.3 

658.4 

58.0

169

Run-off (total in millions of cubic feet).

166 

171

177 

£39 

321 

389 

1,290 

1,140 

§91 

245 

151 

155

5,340

o"Discharge in second-feet per square mile" and "Run-off (depth in inches)" not computed for this 

drainage area because flow past the gaging station is controlled in the interest of navigation, as noted in 

the station description.

6 See footnote to table of daily discharge.

NOTE. Computed by engineers of the United States Geological Survey from record of daily discharge 

furnished by the United States Engineer Corps.

CHOW WING RIVER AT NIMROD, MINN.

Location. At the steel highway bridge at Nimrod post office, in sec. 32, T. 137 N., 

R. 33 W., about 12 miles east of Sebeka, the nearest railroad point, 1 mile above 

the mouth of Cat River, and 1 mile below the mouth of Willow Creek.

Records available. April 15, 1910, to November 30, 1912.

Drainage area. 1,010 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage, attached to the bridge. On May 19, 1910, the gage datum was 

lowered 1.20 feet and the readings prior to that date were corrected to agree with 

the present datum.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge.

Artificial control. The river is used for log driving, and a dam at the outlet of Lower 

Crow Wing Lake controls the water from that portion of the drainage area. There 

is comparatively little log driving at the present time and it is believed that the 

flow past the station is practically natural. Since the establishment of the station 

there has been no trouble from log jams. Crow Wing River has considerable fall 

near the station and 1 mile above makes a rapid descent of 12 feet, known as 

Western Rapids.

Winter flow. The river is frozen over and observations are discontinued from November to March.

The following discharge measurement was made by W. G. Hoyt: 

May 8, 1912: Gage height, 5.21 feet; discharge, 608 second-feet.
TJPPEE MISSISSIPPI BIVEB DRAINAGE BASIN. 81

Daily gage height, in feet, of Crow Wing River at Nimrod, Minn.,for 1912. 

[W. H. Wintermute, observer.]

Day.

\....... .............................

2....... .............................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26.. ........... ........................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

^1

Apr.

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.35

5.15

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.05

5.0

5.0

4.95

4.94

4.90

4.90

4.89

4.86

4.82

4.78

4.75

4.75

4.75

4.76

4.80

4.84

4.85

4.82

4.80

May.

4.80

4.85

4.86

5.0

5.1

5.15

5.15

5.2

5.2

5.15

5.1

5.1

5.15

5.05

5.0

5.0

4.98

4.95

4.92

4.92

4.90

4.90

4.92

4.96

5.0

5.0

5.05

5.05

5.0

5.0

5.0

June.

5.0

4.98

4.90

4.94

4.90

4.90

4.90

.4.88

4.88

4.85

4.82

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.82

4.85

4.82

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.78

4.76

4.75

4.71

4.66

4.62

4.62

July.

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.64

4.65

4.61

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.62

4.65

4.70

4.70

4.71

4.74

4.72

4.70

4.68

4.68

4.66

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

Aug.

4.68

4.70

4.70

4.70

4.70

4.71

4.76

4.82

4.85

4.82

4.80

4.78

4.78

4.78

4.79

4.80

4.84

4.81

4.82

4.82

482

4.81

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.88

4.94

5.00

5.00

Sept.

4.96

A. Q1

4.89

4.88

4.88

4.88

4.88

4.88

4.88

4.88

4.88

4.86

4.91

4.94

4.89

4.88

4.89

4.90

4.90

4.90

4.90

4.92

4.95

4.95

4.98

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

Oct.

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.98

4.95

A no

4.98

4.95

4.95

4.92

4.90

4.88

4.88

4.88

4.88

4.88

4.85

4.85

4.85

4.85

4.82

4.82

4.80

4.80

4.80

Nov.

4 80

4 80

4 80

4.80

- 4.80

4 80

4.80

4 80

4.80

4 80

4.80

4 80

4.82

4.85

A 8Q

4.86

4.82

4.80

4 80

4.78

4.78

4.75

4

7K

4.90

5.4

5.05

5.1

5.1

5.2,

5.4

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Apr. 5, and about Nov. 24 

to Dec. 31.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Crow Wing River at Nimrod, Minn.,for 1912.

Day.

1..... ...............................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9. ...................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

Apr.

567

530

530

530

530

494

457

457

422

416

388

388

382

362

337

May.

324

356

362

457

530

567

567

604

604

567

530

530

567

494

457

457

443

422

402

402

June.

457

443

388

416

388

388

388

375

375

356

337

324

324

324

337

356

337

324

324

324

July.

208

208

208

230

236

214

208

208

208

219

286

264

264

270

288

276

264

253

253

242

Aug.

253

264

264

264

264

270

300

337

356

337

824

312

312

312

318

324

350

330

337

337

Sept.

429

395

382

, 375

375

375

375

375

375

375

375

362

395

416

382

375

382

388

388

388

Oct.

457

457

457

457

457

457

457

457

457

443

422

443

443

422

422

402

388

375

375

375

Nov.

324

324

324

qoj

324

324

324

324

324

324

324

337

356

382

362

337

324

324

312

29804° WSP 325 14 6
82 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Crow Wing River at Nimrod, Minn.,for 191% Contd.

Day.

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....... .............................

Apr.

312

294

294

294

300

324

350

356

337

324

May.

388

388

402

429

457

457

494

494

457

457

457

June.

324

324

324

312

300

294

270

242

219

219

July.

236

236

236

236

236

236

236

236

236

236

236

Aug.

337

330

324

324

324

324

324

375

416

457

457

Sept.

388

402

422

422

443

457

457

457

457

457

Oct.

375

375

356

356

356

356

337

337

324

324

324

Nov.

312

294

294

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined between 160 and 678 second-feet 

(gage heights 4.5 and 5.3 feet). Slush ice reported running Nov. 1-11,1911, but no reduction in discharge 

niade to allow for it. Discharge Nov. 24-30,1912, estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records and 

discharge of adjacent drainage areas at 294 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Crow Wing River at Nimrod, Minn., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 1,010 square miles.]

Month.

Aprilft-30...............................

May....................................

Julv....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

567 

604 

457 

288 

457 

457 

457 

382

Minimum,

294 

324 

219 

208 

253 

362 

324

Mean.

399 

468 

337 

237 

328 

401 

401 

319

Per 

square 

mile.

0.395 

.463 

.334 

.235 

.325 

.397 

.397 

.316

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.37 

.53 

.37 

.27 

.37 

.44 

, .46 

.35

Accuracy.

A.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

C.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.

CHOW WING RIVER AT PILLAGER, MINN.

Location. At highway bridge one-half mile south of Pillager, in sec. 20, T. 133 N., 

E. 30 W., a short distance above the mouth of Pillager Creek.

Becords available . May 25 to September 1, 1903, June 11, 1909, to December 31, 

1912.

Drainage area. 3,230 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent except during high water.

Discharge measurements. Made from bridge.

Artificial control. The influence of a logging dam at the outlet of Lower Crow Wing 

Lake is observable at times at the gaging station. The natural flow has a tendency 

to be uniform due to the natural lake control in the headwaters.

Winter flow. The river is frozen over at the gage from December to March and during that period measurements are made through the ice to determine the winter 

discharge.

Accuracy. Conditions at this station are favorable for good results, although the 

shifting of the river bed during high water necessitated the use of more than one 

rating curve in 1912.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 83 

Discharge measurements of Crow Wing River at Pillager, Minn., in

Date.

Jan. 24a

Feb. 286

May 9

Hydrographer.

8. B. Soute... ..........

.....do.... ..............

W.G.Hoyt... .........

Gage 

heighf.

Feet. 

6.22

6.54

9.32

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

326

368

4,530

Date.

Aug. 9

30

Dec. 18c

Hydrographer.

W.G.Hoyt............

S. B. Soute.... .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.15

6.08

6.14

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

907

849

440

a Under complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 1.14 feet; average distance water surface to top ice 

0.08 foot.

6 Under complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 1.34 feet; average distance water surface to top of 

ice, 0.02 foot.

c Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 0.74 foot; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.00 

foot.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Crow Wing River at Pillager, Minn'., for 1912. 

[Eureka Holmgren, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

21...............

99

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27 f

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

6.2

6.2

6.15

6.2

6.3

Feb.

6.4

6.45

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.5

6.5

6.55

Mar.

6.5

.......

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.55

6.6

6.75

7 Q

Apr.

7.75

7.75 "s.'o"

7.7

7.2

6.8

6.7

6.6

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.15

6.1

6.05

6.05

5.9

5.9

5.9

6.1

6.35

6.5

6.4

6.45

May.

6.4

6.3

6.6

8.4 

10.1

11.0

10.0

9.8

9.4

9.1

9.0

8.4

8.0

7.9

7.8

7.6.

7.1

7.0

6.9

6.9

6.9

6.8

6.8

6.8

6.8

6.8

6.9

7.2

7.2

7.1

7.1

June.

7.2

7.1

7.0

6.8 

6.7

6.6

6.5

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.1

6.1

6.0

6.0

6.1

6.4

6.6

6.6

6.5

6.4

6.3

6.2

6.1

5.9

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.6

July.

5.5

6.5

5.7

5.6 

5.6

5.65

5.65

5.7

5.8

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.9

5.8

5.8

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.8

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.65

5.6

5.6

Aug.

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.55 

5.6

5.7

5.8

5.9

6.1

6.25

6.3

6.3

6.2

6.15

6.1

6.05

6.05

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

5.9

5.85

5.8

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.65

5.7

6.1

6.1

Sept.

6.2

6.15

6.1

6.05 

5.95

5.9

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.75

5.8

5.8

5*8

5.8

5.9

5.95

5.9

5.85

5.85

5.85

5.9

5.95

5.95

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.15

6.1

Oct.

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.0 

5.95

5.95

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.85

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.75

5.75

5.75

5.75

5.75

5.75

5.75

5.7

5.75

5.75

5.75

5.75

Nov.

5.7

5.6

5.6

5.65 

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.6-5

5.6

5.75

5.7

5.65

5.6

5.6

5.65

5.65

5.6

5.5

5.55

6.25

Dec.

"Ts"

5 9

6 15

6 15

6.2

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Apr. 4, and about Nov. 26 to 

Dec. 31.
84 STJBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Crow Wing River at Pillager, Minn.,for 191%.

Day.

1... .................................

2....................................

3....................................

^......... ...........................

5. .............. ...... ...I.. .........

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12.....................................

13... .................. ...I...........

14........................;...........

15.. ....... ........... ....... .........

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22........... ..j. .....................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

2,840

2,480

1,940

1,560

1,470

1,390

1,230

1,150

1,150

1,150

1,150

1 lf;ft

1,070

1,070

1 040

1,000

966

966

863

863

863

1 000

l'l90

1,310

1,230

1,270

May.

1,230

1,150

1,390

3,330

5,640

6,920

5,500

5,220

4,660

4,240

4,110

3,330

2,840

2,720

2,600

2,360

1,810

1,700

1 CQA

1,590

1,590

1,490

1 AG(\

1 Aon

1 AQf\

1,490

I CQrt

1 920

1,920

1,810

1,810

June.

1,920

1,810

1,700

1,490

1,390

1,290

1,190

1,020

940

940

865

865

793

793

865

1,100

1,290

1,290

1,190

1,100

1,020

940

865

79 e

725

661

601

601

601

"U.4

July.

490

1,190

601

544

544

572

572

601

661

793

793

793

793

725

661

725

661

661

601

601

601

601

661

661

601

544

544

KAA

572

544

544

Aug.

544

544

544

517

544

601

661

725

865

980

1,020

1,020

940

902

865

829

829

793

793

793

725

693

661

601

601

601

C7O

601

865

865

Sept.

940

902

865

829

759

725

661

661

661

661

631

661

661

661

661

725

759

725

693

693

693

725

759

759

865

865

865

865

QO9

865

Oct.

865

865

865

793

759

759

725.

725

725

725

725

725

725

693

661

661

661

661

661

631

631

631

631

631

631

631

601

631

631

631

631

Nov.

601

544

544

572

601

601

601

601

601

601

601

601

601

572

544

631

601

572

544

544

572

572

544

490

517

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from two rating curves fairly well defined between 600 and 5,500 

second-feet. Shift occur»ed during May flood. Discharge Jan. 1 to Apr. 4 and Nov. 26 to Dec. 31, estimated, 

because of ice, from discharge measurements, cliniatologic records, and discharge of adjacent drainage 

areas, as follows: Jan. 1-31,350 second-feet, varying from about 420 to 320 second-feet; Feb. 1-29,340 secondfeet, varying from about 320 to 370 second-feet; Mar. 1-31, 390 second-feet, varying from about 370 to 1,500 

second-feet; Nov. 26-30,465 second-feet, varying from about 490 to 440 second-feet; Dec. 1-31,450 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Crow Wing River at Pillager, Minn., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 3,230 square miles.]

Month.

January. ................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

September. .............................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,840 

6,920 

1,920 

1,190 

1,020 

940 

865 

631

6,920

Minimum.

863 

1,150 

544 

490 

517 

631 

601

Mean.

350 

340 

390 

1,350 

2,650 

1,040 

645 

738 

757 

694 

557 

450

831

Per

square 

mile.

0.108 

.105 

.121 

.418 

.820 

.322 

.200 

.228 

.234 

.215 

.172 

.139

.257

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.12 

.11 

.14 

.47 

.95 

.36 

.23 

.26 

.26 

.25 

.19 

.16

3.50

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

C.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

LONG PRAIRIE RIVER NEAR MOTLEY, MINN.

Location. 100 yards above the highway bridge which is 1 mile south of Motley,

in sec. 19, T. 133 N., R. 31 W., and 2 miles above the mouth of the river. 

Records available. June 10, 1909, to December 31,1912.
TJPPEE MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIF. 85

Drainage area. 973 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge at all except low stages; lowwater measurements made by wading at a short distance upstream.

Winter flow. River is frozen over at the gage and observations are discontinued 

from November to March. There seems to be a close relation between the openwater discharge at this station and the flow of the Crow Wing at Pillager. The 

flow during the winter has therefore been estimated from the flow at Pillager, 

which is determined by current-meter measurements.

Accuracy. Conditions at this station are favorable and the records should be reliable. 

There are no dams on the river to affect its flow at the gaging station. Backwater caused by ice gorges in Crow Wing River may possibly affect gage heights 

for a few days in the spring.

Discharge measurements of Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn., in 1912. 

[W. G. Hoyt, hydrograher.]

Date.

May 10.. ............... .............................................................

Aug. ]0.... ................................................................ .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.80

5.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,530

320

Daily gage height, in feet, of Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn., for 1912. 

[John Green, observer.]

Day.

1....................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

15....................................

16.............................. .....

17.................................... 18.:..................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

6.0

6.05

6.1

5.95

6.6

5.85

5.9

5.9

5.7

5.55

5.45

5.40

5.35

5.41

5.55

5.50

5.45

5.40

5.35

5

QO

5.31

5.30

5.28

5.28

5.34

5.48

5.5 f, (;>»

5.55

May.

5.55

5.41

5.6

6.8

8.7

9.95

9.15

8.7

8.3

7.8

7.3

7.0

6.7

6.5

6.35

6.15

6.0

5.9

5.85

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.85

5.85

5.8 .

5.8

5.95

6.0

6.05

.6.1

6.2

June.

6.25

6.3

6..3

6.3

6.3

6.2

6.0

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.6

5.7

5.8

5.75

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.41

5.38

5.34

5.29

5.25

5.24

Z 91

5.20

July.

5.15

5.15

5.18

5.16

5.20

5.28

5.29

5.24

5.30

5.34

5.35

5.31

5.29

5.30

5.24

5.21

5.20

5.20

5.16

5.15

5.16

5.19

5.21

5.30

5.42

5.50

5.50

5.44

5.35

5.31

5.31

Aug.

5.32

5.35

5.35

5.34

5.34

5.36

5.35

5.42

5.58

5.70

5.80

5.85

5.80

5.75

5.75

6.70

5.70

5.65

5.65

5.60

5.55

5.55

5.50

5.46

5.45

5.42

5.38

5.36

5.32

5.49

5.51

Sept.

5.55

5.55

5.55

5.50

5.50

5.48

5.45

b.42

5.40

5.40

5.36

5.34

5.36

5.35

5.35

5.36

5.38

5.36

5.35

5.35

5.34

5.32

5.32

5.32

5.35

5.35

5.38

5.36

5.35

5.35

Oct.

5.32

5.32

5.31

5.30

5.26

5.29

5.25

5.25

5.24

5.25

5.26

5.29

5.29

5.29

5.28

5.25

5.25

5.26

5.22

5.22

5.22

5.21

5.20

5.20

5.20

5.19

5.19

5.21

5.22

5.20

5.20

Nov.

5.19

5.12

5.15

5.15

5.12

5.18

5.18

5.16

5.16

5.16

5.15

5.16

5.11

5.08

5.11

5.14

5.20

5.14

5.14

5.12

5.12

5.15

5.11

........

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge aflected by ice Jan. 1 to about Mar. 31, and about Nov. 24 

to Dec. 31.
86 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn.,for 1912.

Day.

1... .................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19......:.............................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

480

505

530

455

805

405

430

430

333

270

231

212

195

205

216

270

250

231

212

195

185

181

178

172

172

192

250

270

270

May.

270

216

290

920

2,100

2,960

2,400

2,100

1,840

1,520

1,220

1,040

860 7<>n

668

558

480

430

405

ssn

380

380

405

405

380

380

Af,^

480

505 '530

585

June.

612

640

640

640

640

585

480

380

333

290

290

250

250 <>%n

290

333

380

356

333

290

270

250

216

205

192

175

1C3

ICO

151

148

July.

135

135

143

138

148

172

175

160

178

192

195

181

175

178

160

151

148

148

138

135

138

145

151

178

220

250

250

227

195

181

181

Aug.

185

195

195

192

192

198

195

220

282

333

380

405

380

tt&

356

333

333

312

312

290

270

270 250»

235

231

220

205

198

185

246

254

Sept.

270

270

270

250

250

242

231

220

212

212

198

192

198

1<K

195

198

205

198

195

195

192

185

185

185

195

195

205

198

195

195

Oct.

185

185

181

178

166

175

163

163

160

163

166

175

175

172

163

163

166

154

154

154

151

148

148

148

145

145

151

154

148

148

Nov.

145

127

135

135

127

143

143

138

138

138

135

138

125

117

125

132

148

132

132

127

127

135

125

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve. Daily discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 31 

and Nov. 24 to Dec. Sl.estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records and open-water relation between 

Crow Wing River at Pillager and Long Prairie River near Motley, as follows: Jan. 1-31, 105 second-feet; 

Feb. 1-29,100 second-feet; Mar. 1-31,120 second-feet; Nov. 24-30,120 second-feet; varying from about 125 

to 115 second-feet; Dec. 1-31,100 second-feet. Discharge at Motley taken as 0.30 time discharge at Pillager, 

except for December.

Monthly discharge of Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 975 square miles.]

Month.

May....................................

June ....................................

July....................................

December. ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

805 

2,960 

640 

250 

405 

270 

185 

148

2,960

Minimum.

172 

216 

148 

135 

185 

185 

145

Mean.

IDS 

100 

120 

299 

848 

340 

171 

265 

211 

162 

130 

100

238

Per

square 

mile.

0.108 

.103 

.123 

.307 

.870 

.349 

.175 

.272 

.216 

.166 

.133 

.103

.244

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.12 

.11 

.14 

.34 

1.00 

.39 

.20 

.31 

.24 

.19 

.15 

.12

3.31

Accu.

racy.

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. B:

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 87

SAUK RIVER NEAR ST. CLOUD, MINN.

Location. At highway bridge 3 miles west of St. Cloud in sec. 9, T. 124 N., R. 28 W., 

10 miles below the nearest tributary, which enters at Rockville.

Records available. July 8, 1909, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 816 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage, attached to bridge; datum unchanged. Gage is read twice a day, 

and the mean of the readings is recorded as the mean for the day.

Channel. Shifting during high water.

Discharge measurements. Made from bridge.

Artificial control. At Cold Spring, about 15 miles above the gaging station, the 

Farmers Milling Co. has an 8-foot masonry dam. During the fall of the year the 

plants are operated continuously, at other times about 10 hours each day. The 

fluctuation caused by the operation of the dam is observable at the gage.

Winter flow. Owing to the fluctuation of stage caused by the operation of the power 

plant, alternate freezing and flooding causes ice to form to such an extent that it 

is impossible to obtain accurate measurements. The flow is also so irregular that 

it is believed that monthly means deduced from measurements and gage heights 

would be apt to be in error, as would also monthly means based on flow of adjoining streams. Winter gage-height readings and measurements have therefore been 

discontinued, beginning with December 1, 1912.

Accuracy. Owing to the various conditions mentioned above, the records can not 

be considered better than fair.

Discharge measurements of Sank River near St. Cloud, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

Jan. 26«

Mar. 16

Aug. 15

15 c

Hydrographer.

S. B. Soule'.............

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.46

8.12

6.35

6.27

Discharge.

Sec. -ft. 

30.8

16.4

199

168

Date.

Oct. 15

15

Nov. 20

Hydrographer.

W.G.Foyt..... .......

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.16

6.13

, 5.97

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

165

156

116

o Complete ice cover; average distance water surface to bottom of ice, 3.08 leet; average thickness of ice, 

3.37 feet.

6 Complete ice cover; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.24 foot. 

« Measurement made under bridge by wading.

Daily gage height, in feet, of SauJc River near St. Cloud, Minn. , for 1912. 

[Ida Waite, observer.]

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7. .........

8..........

9. .........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

Jan.

6.6

8.0

6.8

8.2

7.9

Feb.

8.2

8.2

8.1

Mar.

8.1

8.1

8.1

8.1

Apr.

6.10

6.32

6.25

6.7

6.7

6.60

6.45

6.65

6.65

6.6

May.

7.2

7.4

7.4

7.4

7.4

7.4

7.4

7.4

7.4

7.6

8.7

8.3

8.4

8.2

8.3

June.

7.2

7.2

7.1

7.0

6.85

6.8

7.0

6.60

6.42

6.40

6.42

6.32

6.60

6.42

6.42

July.

5.52

5.82

5.95

5.65

5.68

5.85

5.95

5.75

6.00

5.90

6.02

6.08

5.98

5.90

5.62

Aug.

5.98

6.20

6.02

6.45

6.18

6.45

6.60

6.50

6.45

6.32

6.28

6.28

6.22

6.39

6.32

Sept.

5.68

5.60

5.40

5.40

5.25

5.38

5.46

5.50

5.80

5.80

5.95

6.15

6.05

6.10

6.15

Oct.

6.35

6.30

6.35

6.30

6.30

6.40

6.35

6.25

6.20

6.05

6.10

6.15

5.30

5.35

Nov.

6.00

6.05

5.95

5.85

5.40

6.10

5.85

5.70

5.75
88 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Souk River near St. Cloud, Minn.,for 1912 Continued.

Day.

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Jan.

8.8

8.6

8.5

7.9

Feb.

8.0

8.0

8.3

8.1

Mar.

8.4

8.9

Apr.

6.50

6.45

6.8

6

7c

6.50

6.45

-6.30

6.45

6.C5

6.55

6.55

6.7

6. CO

6. C.>

6.7

May.

8.4

8.1

8.1

8.2

8.2

8.2

8.2

8

ey

8.2

8.2

8.2

8.3

8.4

8.2

7.8

7.3

June.

6.40

6.18

6.10

6.08

6.15

6.10

6.12

6.10

5.£'0

6.00

6.07

6.02

5.97

5.95

5.92

July.

5.55

5.90

5.92

5.95

6.00

6.08

5.62

6.10

6.15

6.22

6.20

6.10

6.20

6.10

5.85

6.05

Aug.

6.50

5.98

6.05

6.14

6.70

6.60

6.60

6.45

6.32

6.20

6.05

6.05

6.12

6.25

6.40

5.95

Sept.

6.60

6.60

6.60

6.60

6.60

6.45

6.25

6.45

6.35

6.20

6.05

6.20

6.20

6.35

6,45

Oct. Nov.

5.90

5.65

5.50

5.75

^ Ofl

6.05

6.00

6.15

6.56

5.50

6.15

6.60

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Apr. 5, and about Nov. 21 to 

Dec. 31.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sank River near St. Cloud, Minn.,for 1912.

Day.

1. ........ ...........................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16... ............................... ..

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

93

24....................................

25....................................

26.;..................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

166

226

206

356

356

317

266

336

336

317

282

266

378

282

266

220

336

300

300

356

317

336

356

May.

610

730

730

730

730

730

730

730

730

860

1,620

1,400

1,250

1,320

1,400

1,180

1,180

1,250

1,250

1,250

1,250

1 t)V\

i'23b

1,250

1,320

1,400

1,250

955

625

June.

565

565

510

455

381

358

455

277

215

208

215

183

277

215

215

208

144

124

120

136

124

129

124

64

102

117

106

96

92

86

July.

24

68

92

41

45

73

92

56

102

83

106

120

98

82

37

28

82

86

92

102

120

37

124

136

155

149

124

149

124

92

111

Aug.

98

149

106

224

144

224

277

241

224

183

171

171

155

205

183

252

104

120

142

333

289

289

234

192

157

120

120

136

171

218

98

Sept.

54

42

18

18

5

16

24

29

75

75

104

126

139

Q-IO

312

312

312

OKS

189

255

221

174

134

174

174

221

255

Oct.

231

231

215

215

248

231

199

183

142

155

14

19

Nov.

120

132

109

88

20

144

88

61

fit)

98

fSt

32

69

OS

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from rating curves fairly well defined between 100 and 700 second-feet. 

A change in rating curve was made on May 11 and the new curve used by indirect methods from Aug. 16 to 

Oct. 14. Discharge Oct. 15 to Nov. 6 estimated, because gage was not read, from the discharge measurements made Oct. 15 and Nov. 20, and a study of the records of flow at Rockford and Watson, Minn. Mean 

discharge Oct. 15 to 31 estimated 150 second-feet, varying from about 160 to 130 second-feet. Mean discharge 

Nov. 1 to 6 estimated 125 second-feet, varying from about 130 to 120 second-feet. Discharge Jan. 1 to Apr. 5. 

and Nov. 20 to Deer 31 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, observer's records, and 

ch'matologie records, as follows: Jan. 1-31; 60 second-feet; Feb. 1-29, 30 second-feet; Mar. 1-31, 80 secondfeet; Apr. 1-5,100 second-feet; Nov. 20-30,1912,75 second-feet; Dec. 1-31,80 second-feet.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 89

Monthly discharge of Sank River near St. Cloud, Minn.,for 

[Drainage area, 816 square miles.]

Month.

January. ................................

February ...............................

March .......................... .......

April....................................

May.....................................

June ....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

400 

1,620 

565 

155 

333 

312 

248

1,620

Minimum.

610 

64 

24 

98 

5 

14

Mean.

60 

30 

80 

268 

1,080 

229 

91.3 

185 

155 

162 

89.4 

80

210

Per 

square 

mile.

0.074 

.037 

.098 

.328 

1.32 

.281 

.112 

.227 

.190 

.199 

.110 

.098

.257

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.09 

.04 

.11 

.37 

1.52 

.31 

.13 

.26 

.21 

.23 

.12 

.11

3.50

Accuracy.

C. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C.

c.

D.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

ELK RIVER NEAR BIG 'LAKE, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge 4 miles east of Big Lake and one-half mile east of 

Bailey station on the Northern Pacific Railway, in sec. 23, T. 33 N., R. 27 W., 

one-half mile above Tibbett's Brook and 4 miles below mouth of St. Francis 

River.

Records available. April 15, 1911, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 615 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff.

Channel. The channel is apt to shift in periods of extremely high water. During 

low water the relation of gage height to discharge is practically permanent, except 

for periods of extremely low water, when backwater may possibly be caused by 

the growth of vegetation.

Discharge measurements. Made from highway bridge at all stages except low, 

when measurements are made by wading near by.

Winter flow. From December to March the relation between gage height and discharge is affected by ice, and during that period measurements are made to 

determine the winter discharge.

Artificial control. The flow of the river above the station is entirely uncontrolled, 

as the only dam on the river is near the mouth, about 8 miles below.

Discharge measurements of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn., in

Date.

Jan' 27«

Mar. 146

146

Apr. 3<-

9

9

17

17

Hydrographer.

S. B.Soule".. ...........

W. G. Hoyt............

S.B.Soule".... .........

C. J. Emerson..........

W. G. Hoyt............

.....do.................

S.B.Soule".. ...........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.97

1.34

1.34

2.99

2.73

2.71

1.79

1.79

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

39

73

72

849

807

778

460

443

Date.

May 9

9

15

Aug. 2&2«

Dec. 21/

21/

Hydrographer.

S. B. 8oul<§. ...........

.....do.................

W.G. Hoyt.. ..........

S.B.Soule1 .. ...........

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.99

7.86

3.30

.91

.88

.84

.84

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,650

3,770

1,030

183

166

95

94

o Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 0.92 foot; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.09 

foot.

6 Measurement made about 600 feet below the gage. Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 0.77 

foot; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.02 foot.

e Open channel. Measurement at bridge section.

d Wading measurement 300 feet below gage.

« Wading measurement 50 feet above gage.

/ Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 0.60 foot.
SURFACE WATER &TTPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn., for 1912. 

[Michael Traey, observer.]

Day.

1. ....... .......

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7............... 

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13............... 

14...............

15............. .

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22....... . .

23........ ......

24. .

25...... ..

26...............

27........ ......

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1.05

1.1

"i.'o"

OS

95

.95

.90

95

OS

1.05

Feb.

1.1

1.15

......

1.25

1 91

1.25

1.3

1.3

1.25

Mar.

1.25

1.3

1.3

"i.'ss"

1.35

1.4

1 AK

1.8

2

1

2.4

2.3

Apr.

2.3

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0 

2.9

2.7

2.5

9 Q

2.2

2.1 

2.2

1 9

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7,

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.65

1.7

May.

1.7

1.65

1.9

2.2

2.9

5.0

9.8 

9.3

7.8

6.2

5.5

4.8

4.1 

3.7

3.3

2.9

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.6

2.8

2.8

2.9

3.4

3.8

3.7

3.4

3.1

June.

2.8

2.6

2.3

2.1

1.9

1.7

1.5 

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.05

1.05 

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.0

.99

1.0

.98

.95

.92

.92

.91

.89

.84

.79

.76

:74

.71

July.

0.70

.74

.74

.76

.81

.76

.71

.69

.70

.72

.69

.74

.79

.78

.75

.75

.74

.71

.69

.68

.68

.68

.89

.95

.88

.81

.86

1.05

1.2

1.1

1.0

Aug.

0.94

.89

.88

.88

.86

.85

.84 

.82

.82

.82

.82

.81

.78 

.76

.74

.74

1.0

1.1

.98

.92

.90

.86

.84

.79

.76

.74

.71

.84

.81

1.3

1.25

Sept.

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.1 

1.15

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.0

.96 

.95

.95

.95

.94

.92

.91

.96

.96

.94

.91

.90

.94

.94

.91

.89

.88

.86

Oct.

0.85

.82

.82

.81

.80

.79

.78 

.79

.80

.79

.78

.85

.90

.86

.85

.81

.80

.80

.80

.78

.78

.78

.76

.75

.75

.75

.75

.74

.72

.72

.72

Nov.

0.72

.72

.72

.72

.71

.70

.70 

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70 

.70

.71

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.59

.50

.61

on

1.1

.92

.98

Dec.

0.70

.79

.79

.79

.70

.50

.74

1.0

.84

.9

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. I to Apr. 3, Nov. 15, and Nov. 27 

to Dec. 31. The observer reported as follows: Mar. 28, ice began to break up; Mar. 31, ice broke up, but did 

not jam; Apr. 1, ice jam above gage; Apr. 3, river open; Nov. 27, river partly frozen over; backwater at 

gage.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn., for 1912.

Day. ^

1........... .........................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10.........:..........................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

Apr.

500

700

850

885

885

885

885

845

770

700

630

595

560

595

491

474

458

458

458

426 J

May.

426

410

491

595

845

1,860

4,970

4,620

3,600

2,570

2,150

1,740

1,380

1,180

1,000

845

735

665

595

560

June.

805

735

630

560

491

423

356

324

292

260

230

215

215

230

230

215

200

197

200

195

July.

124

134

134

138

151

138

126

122

124

129

122

134

146

143

136

136

134

126

122

119

Aug.

184

171

169

169

164

161

158

153

153

153

153

151

143

138

134

134

200

230

195

179

Sept.

260

230

260

276

276

260

230

245

230

215

215

200

. 190

187

187

187

184

179

177

190

Oct.

161

153

153

151

148

146

143

146

148

146

143

161

174

164

161

151

148

148

148

143

Nov.

129

129

129

129

126

124

124

124

124

124

124

124

124

124

124

124

124

124

124

124
TTPPEB MISSISSIPPI fclVER tH&AlttAGE BASlN. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn.,for 1912 Continued.

Day.

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25...............;....................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

426

410

395

380

365

395

380

365

410

426

May.

560

595

735

805

805

845

1,050

1,230

1,180

1,050

925

June.

187

179

179

177

171

* 158

146

138

134

126

July.

119

119

171

187

169

151

164

215

260

230

200

Aug.

.174

164

158

146

138

134

126

158

151

292

276

Sept.

190

184

177

174

184

184

177

171

169

164

Oct.

143

143

138

136

136

136

136

134

129

129

129

Nov.

124

124

124

98

78

102

100

98

96

94

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating table well defined between 100 and 1,300 second-feet and 

fairly well defined between 1,300 and 4,000 second-feet. Discharge Jan. 1 to Apr. 3, Nov. 15 (backwater 

from anchor ice in morning), and Nov. 27 to Dec. 31 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records and 

records of discharge in adjacent drainage areas, as follows: Jan. 1-31, 60 second-feet, varying from about 110 

to 30 second-feet; Feb. 1-29, 50 second-feet, varying from about 40 to 60 second-feet; Mar. 1-31, 90 secondfeet, varying from about 60 to 400 second-feet; Dec. 1-31,95 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 615 square miles.]

Month.

May.....................................

July....................................

December. ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

885 

4,970 

805 

260 

292 

276 

174 

129

4,970

Minimum.

365 

410 

126 

119 

126 

164 

129 

78

Mean.

60 

50 

90 

567 

1,320 

287 

149 

168 

205 

146 

118 

95

272

Per 

square 

mile.

0.098 

.081 

.146 

.922 

2.15 

.467 

.242 

.273 

.333 

.237 

.192 

.154

.442

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.11 

.09 

.17 

1.03

2.48 

.52 

.28 

.31 

.37 

.27 

.21 

.18

6.02

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.

CEOW EIVEE AT EOCKFOED, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge at Rockford, a little more than a mile below the 

junction of the North and South branches. Between the junction and the station 

are the outlets of Rebecca Lake and Lake Sarah, both very small streams.

Records available. June 4, 1909, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 2,520 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. During high and medium stages discharge measurements are made from the bridge, but during low stages measurements are made 

by wading at various sections several hundred yards downstream.

Winter flow. Prior to the winter of 1911 and 1912, ice formed very little, and the 

open-water rating curve was applicable throughout the year. During the winter 

periods 1911-12, 1912-13 ice has destroyed the relation between stage and discharge, making it necessary to base estimates on discharge measurements. A 

possible reason for the present formation of ice is that before the dam was de-
92 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

stroyed the larger body of water back of the dam was at a temperature considerably above freezing, and as it was released did not freeze quickly. Since the 

dam was destroyed natural conditions are present and ice forms.

Artificial control. On the North, Middle, and South forks of Crow River are seven 

small power plants. These plants have small storage, and the flow at the various 

points is so small that no appreciable effect of their operation is observable at the 

gage. A dam immediately above the gage was partly destroyed May 31,1911, and 

has not as yet been repaired.

Accuracy. Conditions at this station are favorable for excellent results, and therefore 

the records should be reliable.

Discharge measurements of Crow River at Rockford, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

Feb. 2o

Mar. 15»

May 16

Hydrographer.

W.G.Hoyt.......... ....................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.06

5.13

,8.55

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

55 c83

e2,330

o Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 0.83 foot; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.00 

foot.

6 Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 0.81 foot; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.03 

foot.

c Measurement made about 400 feet downstream from gage.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Crow River at Rockford, Minn., for 1912. 

[G. W. Florida, observer.]

Day.

1.... ...........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11. ........... ...

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16.. ............ .

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.15

5.15

5.15

5.10

5.10

5.05

5.00

5.00

4.90

4.90

4.85

4.80

4.80

4.70

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.70

4.70

4.75

4.70

4.70

4.75

4.80

4.80

Feb.

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.85

4.85

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.75

4.75

4.75

4.75

4.75

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.85

4.85

4.85

4.85

4.90

4.90

4.90

5.00

5.55

Mar.

5.5

5.40

5.25

5.25

5.25

5.20

5.30

5.40

5.35

5.35

5.25

5.10

5.05

5.00

5.00

4.90

4.95

4.95

5.00

5.10

5.45

5.9

5.85

5.75

5.75

6.15

7.80

8.70

9.20

9.65

Apr.

10.3

8.4

7.7

7.5

7.4

7.1

6.8

6.5

6.35

6.2

6.1

6.0

5.9

6.1

6.25

6.2

6.1

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.8

6 Q

5.85

5.85

5.8

5.9

6.1

6.25

6.25

6.2

May.

6.1

6.05

6.25

7.0

8.0

8.7

9.2

9.6

9.9

10.2

10.0

9.9

9.7

9.3

9.0

' 8.6

8.4

8.1

7.8

7.6

7.4

7.4

7.2

7.1

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

7.4

7.5

7.5

June.

7.5

7.4

7.2

7.0

6.6

6.3

6.2

6.1

6.0

5.85

5.7

5.6

5.65

5.75

5.85

5.85

5.75

5.7

5.7

5.65

5.65

5.6

5.55

5.5

6.0

5.9

5.65

5.46

5.30

July.

5.24

5.19

5.16

5.20

5.24

5.34

5.28

5.24

5.31

5.36

5.40

5.46

5.9

5.85

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.48

5.42

5.5

5.5

5.55

5.95

6.25

6.25

6.2

6.1

6.0

6.0

5.9

5.85

Aug.

5.7

5.65

5.6

5.52

5.52

5.54

5.6

5.75

6.0

6.1

6.3

6.6

6.9

6.8

6.8

6.7

6.9

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.2

7.2

7.1

7.0

6.9

6.8

6.7

6.6

6.6

6.7

6.7

Sept.

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.5

6.5

6.4

6.3

6.2

6.15

6.1

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.75

5.75

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.65

5.65

5.6

5.6

5.6

Oct.

5.6

5.55

5.5

5.49

5.45

5.41

5.36

5.32

5.32

5.30

5.45

5.5

5.49

5.45

5.41

5.40

5.36

5.34

5.32

5.30

5.30

5.28

5.26

5.24

5.23

5.22

5.22

5.22

5.23

5.22

5.20

Nov.

5.18

5.16

5.14

5.11

5.10

5.08

5.08

5.08

5.08

5.08

t( 19

5.12

5.12

5.08

5.04

5.02

5.02

5.02

5.04

5.06

5.08

& no

5.09

5.06

5.04

5.02

5.02

5.00

4.98

4.99

Dec.

5.25

5.20

5 19

5.04

5 nn

5.00

S flR

5.15

5.30

5.04

5 t\d.

5 04

5 04

4 99

4 98

5.00 f; m

4.99

4.98

4 07

4.98

4 98

4

QQ

A QK

4.94

4

QK

4.96

4.-97

4.98

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Apr. 1, Dec. 7 to 13 and 29 to 31.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN". 93 

Dally discharge, in second-feet, of Crow River at Rockford, Minn.,for 1912.

. Day.

1............................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9........................... 10..................:........

11............;..............

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15............................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

ZL. ..........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Apr.

3.500

2,270

1,710

1 570

1,500

1,290

1.100

905

815

725

665

610

555

665 7cc

725

. 665

610

555

500

500

555

528

528

500

555

665

755

755

725

May.

665

638

755

1,220

1,950

2,510

2,950

3,310

3,580

3,850

3,670

3,580

3,400

3,040

2 77ft

2,430

2,270

2,030

1,790

1,640

1,500

1,500

1,360

1,290

1,290

1,360

1.430

1,500

1,500

1,570

1,570

June.

1,570

1,500

1,360

1,220

965

785

725

665

610

528

445

395

420

472

KOQ

528

472

445

445

420

420

395

395

370

345

610

555

420

327

257

July.

233

213

202

217

233

274

249

233

261

283

300

327

555

528

<tfX\

445

395

336

309

345

345

370

582

755

755

725

665

610

610

555

528

Aug.

445

420

395

355

355

365

395

472

610

665

785

965

1,160

1,100

1,100

1,030

1,160

1,290

1,360

1,430

1,360

1,360

1,290

1,220

1,160

1,100

1,030

965

965

1,030

1,030

Sept.

965

965

965

905

905

845

785

725

695

665

610

555

500

500

EAA

500

500

500

472

472

445

445

445

445

445

420

420

395

395

395

Oct.

395

370

345

340

322

304

283

266

266

257

322

345

340

322

3(U

300

283

274

266

257

257

249

241

233

229

225

225

225

229

225

217

Nov.

209

202

194

183

179

172

172

172

172

172

187

187

187

172

158

151

151

151

158

165

172

172

176

165

158

151

151

144

138

141

Dec.

237

217

187

158

144

144

144

144

144

143

143

142

142

141

138

144

148

141

138

134

138

138

138

131

128

125

128

131

131

131

130

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a well-denned rating curve. Discharge Jan. 1 to Apr. 1, Dec. 

7 to 13, and Dec. 29 to 31 estimated, because of ice, on basis of climatologic records, discharge measurements, 

and gage heights, as follows: Jan. 1-13,100 second-feet, varying from about 110 to 80 second-feet; Jan. 14-31, 

60 second-feet, varying from about 70 to 55 second-feet; Feb. 1-29, 70 second-feet, varying from about 55 

to 100 second-feet; Mar. 1-15, 90 second-feet, varying from about 100 to 83 second-feet; Mar. 16-31, 630 

second-feet, varying from about 80 to 3,000 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Crow River at Rockford, Minn., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 2,520 square miles.]

Month.

May....................................

July..............:.....................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

o3,500 

3,850 

1,570 

 755 

1,430 

965 

395 

209

3,850

ItfiniTmjTn,

500

638 

257 

202 

355 

395 

217 

138

Mean.

60 

70 

380 

925 

2,060 

620 

417 

915 

593 

281 

169 

146

556

Per 

square 

mile.

0.024 

.028 

.151 

.367 

.817 

.246 

.165 

.363 

.235 

.112 

.067 

.058

.221

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.03 

.03 

.17 

.41 

.94 

.27 

.19 

.42 

.26 

.13 

.07 

.07

2.99

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

a Estimated. 

NOTE, See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.
94 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

SOUTH FORK OF CROW RIVER NEAR ROCKFORD, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge 3£ miles southwest of Rockford in sec. 1, T. 118

N., E. 25 W.; no tributaries within several miles. 

Records available. June 15, 1909, to March 31,1912. Station discontinued March

31, 1912.

Drainage area. 1,160 square miles. 

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Slightly shifting. 

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge except at low stages, when they

are made by wading at a short distance upstream. 

Winter flow. Ice forms, varying in thickness from 1 to 2 feet. Winter estimates

based on gage heights, climatological data, and results of discharge measurements. 

Artificial control. The nearest dam is that at Delano, which is merely used as

diversion dam by the Great Northern Railway Co.

The following discharge measurement was made by Hoyt and Soul6: 

February 2,1912: Gage height, 1.42 feet; discharge, 5.6 second-feet. This measurement was made under complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 1.03 feet; average 

distance water surface to top of ice, 0.01 foot.

Daily gage height, in feet, of South Fork of Crow River near Rockford, Minn., for 1912.

[Jacob Horsch, observer.]

Day.

1........................

2........................

3........................

4.......................

5........................

6.......................

7........................

8.......................

9........................

10........................

11........................

12........................

13........................

14........................

15........................

Jan.

1.60

1.55

1.60

1.55

1 60

Feb.

1.40

1.40

1.40

1 QC

1 *Zt\

Max.

9 n

2 1 f^

1 90

2.0

Day.

16........................

17........................

18........................

id

20........................

21........................

22........................

23........................

24........................

25........................

26........................

27........................

28........................

29........................

30........................

31........................

Jan.

1.50

1.50

1.45

1.45

Feb.

1.40

1.40

1.40

2.7

Mar.

1.80

3.3

3.0

4.6

5.4

5.65

5.85

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to Mar. 31.

Monthly discharge of South Fork of Crow River near Rockford, Minn., for 1912, 

[Drainage area, 1,160 square miles.]

Month.

Discharg ondMean.

20

10

110

B in secfeet.

Per

square 

mile.

0.017

.0086

.095

Kun-off 

(depth in

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.02

.009

.11

Accuracy.

C.

C.

r,.

NOTE. Monthly discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 30 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records, discharge 

of adjacent drainage areas, discharge measurements, and semiweekly gage heights, as follows: Jan. 1-31,20 

second-feet, varying from about 35 to 6 second-feet. Feb. 1-29,10 second-feet, varying from about 6 to 15 

second-feet. Mar. 1-18, 20 second-feet, varying from about 15 to 25 second-feet. Mar. 19-31,120 secondfeet, varying from about 25 to 600 second-feet.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN.

BUM RIVER AT ONAMIA, MINN.

Location. At the steel highway bridge at Onamia, 200 yards below the outlet of 

Lake Onamia and 5 miles above the mouth of Bradbury Brook.

Records available. September 24, 1909, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 414 square miles, of which 207 square miles are taken up by the 

water surface of Mille Lacs Lake.

Gage. Vertical staff. The gage was located originally at the wooden highway 

bridge just below the Soo Railway bridge, but May 4, 1910, this bridge was 

destroyed and the gage moved 200 yards downstream to the steel highway bridge. 

The new gage was set to read the same as the old one.

Channel. The bed of the river is mostly sand or fine gravel filled with debris, logs 

and grass.

Discharge measurements. Made from the steel highway bridge.

Winter flow. During the winter period of 1911 and 1912 the river froze solid to the 

bottom and there was no flow.

Artificial control. Two miles below Onamia is an abandoned logging dam which 

raises the water level about 3 feet but does not control the flow. As there is a 

good fall to the river the influence of this dam does not reach the gaging station. 

Owing to the natural storage afforded by the lakes the range of stage at Onamia 

is slight.

Accuracy. Because of very poor natural conditions, the great liability of the channel to shift, and backwater caused by growth of grass, the records are not considered better than fair.

Discharge measurements of Rum River at Onamia, Minn., i

Date.

May 11

11

Hydrographer.

S. B. SoulS. ...........

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.31

1.31

.72

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

172

174

32.9

Date. Hydrographer.

S. B.SouM............

height.

Feet. 

.72

.17

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

30.5

5.7

Measurements made by wading at a short distance below the Soo Railway bridge.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rum River at Onamia, Minn., for 

[R. Swedburg, observer.]

Day.

1. ........................ ...........

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9.................................... 10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

Apr.

0.20

.32

.35

.42

.45

,50

.52

.55

.60

.65

.68

.68

.70

.70

.70

May.

0.65

.68

.75

.85

.95

1.2 1 3

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.2

1 9

1.15

June.

0.88

.88

.88

.85

.82

.82

.80

.78

.78

.75

.72

.72

.72

.72

.75

July.

0.70

.70

.68

.68

.65

.65

.62

.60

.58

.58

.55

.52

.50

.50

.50

Aug.

0.45

.42

.40

.40

.38

.40

.42

.45

.48

.50

.50

.50

.48

.48

.48

Sept.

0.50

.50

.50

.50

.50

.48

.48

.48

.45

.45

.45

.42

.42

.42

.40

Oct.

0.35

.35

.32

.32

.32

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.32

.32

.32

.30

Nov.

0.25

.25

.25

.25

.25

.22

.22

.22

.22

.20

.20

.20

.20

.20
96 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rum River at Onamia, Minn., for 1912 Continued.

Day.

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22... .................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

0.72

.72

.70

.70

.70

.72

.72

.75

.78

.78

.80

.78

.75

.70

.68

May.

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.0

.98

.92

.92

.95

.92

.90

.90

on

on

.90

.90

.90

June.

0.78

.78

.80

.80

.80

.78

.78

.78

.75

.75

.75

.72

.72

.70

.70

July.

0.50

.50

.50

.48

.48

.48

.48

.50

.52

.50

.50

.50

.48

.48

.45

.45

Aug.

0.48

.50

.48

.48

.48

.48

.48

.48

.48

.48

.48

.48

.45

.48

.50

.50

Sept.

0.40

.40

.38

.38

.35

.35

.32

.32

.30

.30

.32

.32

.35

.35

.32

Oct.

0.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.28

.28

.28

.28

.28

.25

.25

.25

.25

.25

.25

Nov.

0.20

.20

.20

.18

.18

.18

.18

.15

.15

.12

.12

.10

.10

.08

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Mar. 31, and about Dec. 1 

to 31.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rum River at Onamia, Minn., for 1912.

Day.

1....................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6.. ......................... ..........

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18...............................*....

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

2

4.6

5.5

7.8

9

11

12

14

18

24

27

27

29

29

29

33

33

29

29

29

33

33

38

43

43

47

43

38

29

97

May.

24

27

38

56

78

140

170

210

190

170

170

155

140

140

114

114

102

QQ

84

71

71

71

66

66

66

OR

66

66

66

June.

62

62

62

56

51

51

47

43

43

38

33

33

33

33

38

43

43

47

47

47

43

43

- 43

38

38

38

33

33

29

29

July.

29

29

27

27

24

24

22

20

19

19

18

16

15

15

15

15

15

15

14

14

14

14

15

16

15

15

15

14

14

14

14

Aug.

14

13

12

12

11

12

13

14

14

15

15

15

14

14

14

14

15

14

14

14

i4f4

14

14

14

14

14

14

14

15

15

Sept.

15

15

15

15

15

14

14

14

14

14

14

13

13

13

12

12

12

11

11

10

10

10

10

9

9

10

10

10 ^

10

10

Oct.

10

10

10

10

10

9

9

9

9

9

10

10

10

9

9

9

9

9 

8.4

8.4

8.4

8.4

8.4

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.5

Nov.

7 5

7 5

7 1

7 e;

7 ^

 7 i!

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.0

5.0

4.4

4.0

4.0

3.6

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from 2 rating curves fairly well defined, between 29 and 210secondfeet. Discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 31,1912, and Dec. 1 to 31, estimated, because of ice, from climatologic 

records, records of discharge of adjacent drainage areas, and observer's reports, as follows: Jan. 1 to Feb. 

29, 0 second-foot; Mar. 1-31, 2 second-feet, varying about 0 to 4 second-feet; Dec. 1-31,2 second-feet.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 97

Monthly discharge of Rum River at Onamia, Minn., for 191%. 

[Drainage area, 414 square miles.] a

Month.

March....... .. . ..

May...........................................................

July...........................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

47 

210 

62 

29 

15 

15 

10 

7.5

210

Minimum.

2 

24 

29 

14

11

9

7.5 

3.6

Mean.

aoo

.00 

2.0 

25.9 

99.7 

42.6 

17.8 

13.8 

12.1 

8.87 

5.91 

2.0

19.3

Accuracy.

D. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

C.

""Discharge in second-feet per square mile" and "Run-off (depth in niches)" computed from this 

drainage area are considered misleading, especially during low-water periods, because of the large amount 

of lake storage, and are therefore notpublished.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

BUM EIVEE AT CAMBRIDGE, MINN.

Location. At highway bridge one-half mile west of Cambridge. No tributary within 

several miles.

Records available. June 12, 1909, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 1,160 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged.

Channel. Shifting.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge.

Winter flow. From December to March discharge measurements are made through 

ice to determine the winter flow.

Artificial control. At St. Francis, 20 miles below Cambridge by river, there is a 

10-foot dam and a power plant. Between the crest of the dam and the watejr surface at the gaging station there is a difference in elevation of about 6 feet. The 

fact that morning and evening gage heights during the low-water period show no 

consistent change, being for the most part the same, indicates that the St. Francis 

dam has very little effect on the flow at this station, even though the flow may fall 

below the crest during certain portions of the day. The only dam above Cambridge 

is at Milaca, which is used to form a pool from which water is pumped. Flow at 

Cambridge, especially during periods of low water, is controlled by the storage in 

and evaporation from the lakes in the drainage area above Onamia.

Accuracy. During the summer of 1911 and 1912 grass grew in the channel to such an 

extent that it caused backwater in varying amount at the gage. Therefore during 

that period the records can not be considered better than fair. Records for the 

remainder of the year are believed to be good. 

29804° WSP 325 14 7
98 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PAET V.

Discharge measurements of Rum River at Cambridge, Minn., in

Date.

Mar. 136

136

Apr. 18

18

May 14

Hydrographer.

S. B. 8oul4.............

S.B.SouhS.... .........

.....do.................

W. G.Hoyt............

A

Feet. 

3.61

3.61

3.61

x 6.30

6.32

10.36

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

66.0

74

74

OKU

978

2,370

Date.

12d

Oct. 11

Nov. 23

Hydrographer.

S. B. Soul<5... ..........

.....do.................

.....do.................

W. G.Hoyt --. ------

S. B. SouhS... ..........

height.

Feet. 

3.85

3.80

3.79

3.12

2.99

3.34

Discharge.

Sec.'ft. 

177

165

121

116

84

a Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 1.18 feet; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.06 

foot.

6 Six per cent open water, 94 per cent ice cover; average thickness of ice 1.28 feet; average distance water 

surface to top of ice, 0.09 foot.

c Wading measurement about 500 feet above gage.

<* Wading measurement about 75 feet above gage.

e Complete ice cover at gage and control; 90 per cent ice cover at measuring section.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rum River at Cambridge, Minn., for 1912. 

[Joseph Lofstrom, observer.]

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4............... 

5...............

6............... 

7...............

8............... 

9....'...........

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16............... 

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

21...............

22...............

23.,.. ...........

24...............

25...............

26...............

27............... 

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.50

"3.~40~

3.45

3.50

3.45

3.50

3.5

3.55

.......

3.6

3.6

Feb.

3.70

"3.7"

3.70

3.70

3.70

3.7

3.70

3.65

3.60

Mar.

3.60'

"s.'e"

3.60

3.6

3.60

3.6

3.60

3.60

"~3.~85"

4.30

4.60

5.00

Apr.

6.1

7.1

8.0

8.6 

8.0

7.6

7.4

7.2

7.0

6.7

6.4

6.0

5.7

5.6

5.6

5.7 

6.0

6

0

6.2

5.8

5.6

5 A

% 4

5.5

5.4

5.4 

6.0

6.8

7.1

May.

7.1

6.7

6.4

6.7

7.8

9.4 

12.7

15.5 

16.2

15.7

14.4

11.7

10.4

9.1

8.1

7.4

6 Q

6.5

6.2

6.0

6.5

7.4

8.0

8.5

8.8

9.2 

9.2

9.0

9 0

8.8

June.

8.3

7.5

6.6

6.1

5.8

5.6 

5.3

5.1 

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.3 

4.2

4.2

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.6

July.

3.55

3.50

3.50

3.55 

3.65

3.60 

3.55

3.50 

3.45

3.45

3.40

3.45

3.40

3.40

3.40 

3.40

3.35

3.30

3.35

3.30

3.30

3.60

3.80

3.80

4.00

4.40 

4.60

 4.50

4.30

4.00

Aug.

3.85

3.7

3.6

3.55 

3.5

3.6

3.6 

3.6

3.65

3.6

3.55

3.55

3.5

3.5 

3.75

3.9

3.85

3.85

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.45 

3.45

3.4

3.65

3.9

Sept.

4.0

4.4

5.0

5.4 

5.5

5.3 

4.9

4.6 

4.3

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.65

3.55

3.55 

3.55

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.45

3.5

3.55

3.5 

3.45

3.4

3.4

Oct.

3.4

3.4

3.35

3.3 

3.25

3.2 

3.15

3.15 

3.15

3.1

3.15

3.2

3.3

3.25

3.25

3.25 

3.2

3.2

3.15

3.15

3.1

3.1

3 1

3.1

3.05

3.05

3.05 

3.0

3.05

3

AE

3.0

Nov.

°. n

3-0

3.0

3.0 

3.0

3.0 

2.99

3.0 

3.0

3.0

2 OQ

2 QA

2.98

2.98

2.96

2.98 

2.95

2.95

2.96

2.98

2.98

2.98

2 no

2.68

2.92

3.05

3.1 

3.1

3.0

3 A

Dec.

3.0

3.1

3.1 "i'i"

......

3 1

......

3.35

3.35

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Apr. 2 and about Nov. 24 to 

Dec. 31.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rum River at Cambridge, Minn., for 1912.

Day.

1..... ...............................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

Apr.

500

900

1,520

1,740

1,520

1,380

1,320

1,250

1,190

1.100

May.

1,220

1,100

1,010

1,100

1,460

2,020

3,320

4,550

4,900

4.650

June.

1,600

1,320

1,000

870

780

710

620

560

500

440

July.

120

110

110

120

140

130

120

110

100

100

Aug.

178

140

118

108

98

118

118

118

118

129

Sept.

215

320

500

650

590

470

380

290

240

Oct.

150

150

140

140

130

130

120

120

130

120

Nov.

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 99 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rum River at Cambridge, Minn.,for 1912 Continued.

Day.

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

1,010

890

OAQ

774

774

803

son

QRH

980

950

coo

774

717

717

741

717

717

ROft

1,130

1,220

May.

4,000

3,480

2,920

2,400

1,880

1,520

I oon

1,160

1,020

910

840

1,020

1,280

1 4Oft

1 660

1,770

1,920

1,920

I QAfl

1 840

l'770

June.

390

360

320

320

320

ooft

9Qn

QOA

320

ooft

260

OJA

91 A

91 A

170

160

160

140

July.

on

110

100

90

on

on

on

on

70

80

70

60

120

160

160

210

320

qcfl

QEft

290

210

Aug.

118

118

Iflfi

108

QR

QR

ICO

ion

178

178

165

140

140

98

00

00

7R

129

190

Sept.

190

165

150

140

120

130

130

120

130

130

130

140

140

130

150

160

150

150

140

140

Oct.

130

140

160

150

150

160

140

140

130

130

120

120

120

120

110

110

110

100

110

120

110

"Nov.

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

115

115

115

115

115

115

115

115

110

110

110

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from two fairly well defined rating curves. Shifting channel methods 

used May 15 to July 31 and Sept. 13 to Nov. 23. Discharge Jan. 1 to Apr. 2 and Nov. 24 to Dec. 31 estimated, 

because of ice, from semi-weekly gage heights, observer's notes, discharge measurements, climatologie 

records,andrecordsofdischargeofadjacentdrainageareas,asfollows: Jan. 1-31,80second-feet; Feb. 1-29,70 

second-feet; Mar. 1-31,100 second-feet; Dec. 1-31,100 second-feet, varying from about 130 to 84 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Rum River at Cambridge, Minn., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 1,160 square miles.]" '

Month.

January.. . .....................................................

April.................................................. . . May...........................................................

July...........................................................

November .....................................................

December. .....................................................

The year. ................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,740 

4,900 

1,600 

380 

190 

650 

160 

115

4,900

Minimum.

500 

840 

140 

60 

78 

120 

100 

110

Mean.

80 

70 

100 

991 

2,040 

456 

141 

127 

237 

129 

111 

100

383

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

C. 

0.

o Discharge in "second-feet per square mile" and "Run-off (depth in inches)" are not published for this 

drainage area, because they are believed to be misleading. See " Artificial control" in station description. 

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

MINNESOTA RIVER NEAR ODESSA, MINN.

Location. At highway bridge 1 mile southwest of Odessa, in sec. 32, T. 121 N., R.

45 W., one-half mile below the mouth of Stony Run, a very email stream entering

from the north.

Records available. July 4, 1909, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area, 1,560 square miles. 

Gage. Chain gage attached to bridge, datum unchanged. 

Channel. Practically permanent except during periods of high water. 

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge, except during low stages, when

they are made at a wading section.
100 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Winter flovr. The river is frozen over and observations are discontinued from December to March. The flow during that period may be estimated by using the 

run-off per square mile of adjacent drainage areas.

Artificial control. The flew at Odessa is entirely uncontrolled. The nearest dam 

is at Granite Falls. Swamps may regulate the flow to a relatively small extent.

Remarks. This station was established in order to determine the run-off from Big 

Stone Lake available for storage and the amount of flood water contributed by 

the upper valley. As Whetstone River enters Minnesota River above Odessa, 

a station was established on that stream also for the purpose of determining the 

amount of water passing Odessa from that source. Owing to its extreme flatness 

the valley immediately below Big Stone Lake is subject to severe overflow during 

high water, and it was therefore not possible to select a satisfactory station site 

above Odessa. Even at this point extremely high water overflows around one 

end of the bridge, but the amount is only a small percentage of the entire flow, 

and is estimated at times of high-water measurements.

Discharge measurements of Minnesota River near Odessa, Minn., in 1912. 

[S. B. Soul6, hydrographer.]

Date.

9........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.46

3.44

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

64.0

66.5

Date.

May5........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.10

2.76

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

191

30.7

a Measurement made by wading at regular section.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Minnesota River near Odessa, Minn., for 1912. 

[C. P. Shellenbarger, observer.]

Day.

1........... .........................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17.................................... is......................:.............

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22................................. ..

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

6.9

6.0

5.5

4.6

3.85

3.85

3.55

3.45

3.35

3.25

3.2

3.25

3.55

4.4

5.8

6.6

6.1

5.1

4.0

4.2

4.0

3.9

3.75

3.65

4.8

4.5

4.2

3.85

3.7

May.

3.5

3.3

3.2

5.0

5.8

6.5

6.0

5.4

4.2

3.85

3.5

3.35

3.25

3.1

3.0

2

QK

2.90

2.85

2.80

2.80

3.6

3.25

3.0

3.0

9 Q^

2.80

2.80

2.80

O 7K

June.

2.71

2.62

2.55

2.46

2.41

2.36

2.35

2.31

2.30

2.30

2.54

2.49

2.58

2.69

2.59

2.81

3.0

3.2

3.2

2.81

2.78

2.68

2.61

2.59

2.54

2.48

2.41

2.38

2.34

2.29

July.

2.28

2.28

2.32

3.05

3.2

3.1

2.90

2.90

3.00

S.15

3.4

3.4

3.6

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.5

3.45

3.5 '

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.55

3.55

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.65

3.7

Aug.

3.75

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.25

3.2

3.15

3.05

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.78

2.78

2.86

2.89

2.90

2.92

2.96

3.0

2.89

2.90

2.91

3.0

2.96

2.95

2.90

Sept.

2.80

2.76

2.75

2.76

2.74

2.78

2.80

2.78

2.75

2.78

3.4

3.3

3.0

2.84

2.80

2.88

2.90

Oct.

2.89

2.80

2.86

2.85

2.88

3.0

2.96

2.95

2.91

2.90

2.90

2.85

2.80

2.80

2.79

2.84

2.85

3.2

3.5

3.2

2.91

2.80

2.84

2.85

2.91

2.90

2.88

2.81

3.0

3.1

3.05

Nov.

3.05

3.0

3.0

2.95

2.95

2.94

2.91

2.90

2.90

2.80

2.78

2.75

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.92

2.92

2.90

2.90

2.90

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge afiected by ice Jan. 1 to about Mar. 31 and about Nov. 25 

to Dec. 31.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 101 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Minnesota River near Odessa, Minn.,for 1912.

Day.

1....................... .............

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25........... ........................ .

26.... ................................

27....................................

28... ........................... ......

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

355

288

270

225

153

94

94

74

67

61

55

52

55

74

137

252

325

279

193

105

121

105

98

88

80

169

145

121

, 94

84

May.

70

58

52

137

185

252

315

270

217

121

94

80

70

61

55

46

41

38

36

34

32

32

77

55

41

41

38

36

32

32

30

June.

28

25

22

19

17

16

16

14

14

14

22

20

23

28

24

32

41

52

52

32

-31

27

24

24

22

20

17

16

15

14

July.

14

14

15

20

44

52

46

36

36

41

49

64

64

77

91

84

84

70

67

70

58

58

64

74

74

70

70

70

77

80

84

Aug.

88

84

77

70

64

58

55

52

49

44

41

- 41

41

41

31

31

34

36

36

37

39

41

36

36

36

41

39

38

36

35

35

Sept.

34

33

32

30

30

30

30

31

32

31

30

31

30

25

22

20

18

15

13

12

15

35

50

64

58

41

34

32

35

36

Oct.

36

32

34

34

35

41

39

38

36

36

36

34

32

32

32

34

34

52

70

52

36

32

34

34

36

36

35

32

41

46

44

Nov.

44

41

41

38

38

38

36

36

36

35

35

34

34

33

33

32

32

31

30

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

31

31<u\

30

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a fairly well-defined rating curve. Daily discharge Aug. 30 to 

Sept. 2, Sept. 13 to 23 and Nov. 10 to 16 estimated from records of discharge in adjacent drainage areas. 

Discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 31 and Nov. 25 to Dec. 31 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records and 

relationbetween open-water flow at Odessa, Lac qui Parle, Watson, and Montevideo, as follows: Jan. 1-30, 

5 second-feet; Feb. 1-29, 4 second-feet; Mar. 1-31, 20 second-feet; Nov. 25-30, 31 second-feet, varying from 

about 32 to 30 second-feet; Dec. 1-31, 25 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Minnesota River near Odessa, Minn., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 1,560 square miles.]

Month.

May.....................................

July.....................................

«

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

355

315 

52 

91 

88 

64 

70 

44

355

Minimum.

52 

30 

14 

14 

31 

ol2 

32 

30

Mean.

5 

4 

20 

144 

86.4 

24.0 

58.6 

45.9 

31.0 

37.9 

34.1 

25

43.0

Per 

square 

mile.

0.0032 

.0026 

.013 

.092 

.055 

.015 

.038 

.029 

.020 

.024 

.022 

.016

.028

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.004 

.003 

.01 

.10 

.06 

.02 

.04 

.03 

.02 

.03 

.02 

.02

.36

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

C.

o Estimated. 

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

MINNESOTA KIVEIl NEAR MONTEVIDEO, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge 1 mile south of Montevideo, in sec. 19, T. 117 N.,

' R. 40 W., a short distance below the mouth of Chippewa River. 

Records available. July 23, 1909, to December 31, 1912.
102 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PAET V.

Drainage area. 6,300 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage, attached to bridge. The datum of the gage was lowered 2 feet September 16, 1909, and 1 foot additional July 29, 1910, to avoid negative readings. 

All gage heights have been referred to the last datum.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge.

Winter flow. The river is frozen over from December to March, and measurements 

are made through the ice to determine the winter discharge.

Artificial control. The nearest dam is at Granite Falls, but its influence does not 

extend to the Montevideo station. There is no dam above the station. The 

discharge of Chippewa River is so much less than that of the Minnesota that the 

control of the former by a dam at Montevideo has very little effect on the Minnesota gage heights.

Discharge measurements of Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

Tan Qa

Feb. 9*>

Mar. 22c

Apr. 8

Hydrographer.

S.B.Soule".... .........

.....do.................

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

2.47

2.28

3.60

5.10

Discharge.

Sec. ft. 

28.3

6.8

105

679

Date.

20

Dec. 28

Hydrographer.

S. B. Soule1 .. ...........

.....do.................

W.G.Hoyt............

S. B. &au\&..... ........

height.

Feet. 

5.06

A. Afi

4.46

3.16

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

fiQft

IW7

529

128

a Complete ice cover; average thickness, 1.30 feet; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.40 foot. 

6 Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 1.92 feet; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.55 

foot, 

c Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 0.52 foot; average depth of water on top of ice, 0.05 foot.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn., for 1912. 

[Margaret Hendricks, observer.]

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

T.:. ............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.0

3.1

2.45

2.85

2.8

2.25

2.3

2.3

2.35

Feb.

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.4

2.4

3.0

Mar.

3.1

3.0

3.6

3.2

3.0

3.0

3.6

3.65

Apr.

3.4

3.7

4.0

4.1

5.1

5.0

5.1

5.0

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.6

4.6

4.7

4.7

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.9

4.9

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.6

d. Q

5.2

5.3

5.4

6.0

May.

6.1

6.6

7.7

9.0

8.9

8.6

8.2

8.0

7.9

8.0

7.2

7.0

6.8

6.6

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.3

5.8

5.6

5.6

5.5

June.

5.4

5.2

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.3

,4.1

4.1

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.6

4.8

4.7

4.4

4.3

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.9

July.

2.75

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.5

3.7

3.8

3.7

3.5

3.2

3.1

2.6

2.7

2.85

3.0

3.0

2.85

2.8

2.9

2.95

3.0

3.0

3.0

*> Q

2.9

2.9

3.0

2.75

2.7

Aug.

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.55

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.65

2.7

2.6

2.45

2.6

3.0

3.2

3.1

3.0 2.8*

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.6

2.7

2.8

Sept.

2.5

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.45

2.35

2.3

2.35

2.4

2.2

2.4

2.4

2 4

2 4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.45

2.5

2.4

o c

2.3

2.6

2.4

2.45

Oct.

2.8

2.7

2.4

2.45

2.7

2.4

2.5

2.8

2.6

2.3

2.6

2.8

2.5

2.5

2.8

2.75

2.8

2 7

2.7

2.2

2.6

2.7

2.15

2.3

o 7c

2.6

2.4

2.7

2.9

2.7

Nov.

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.4

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.35

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.7

2.7

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.3

2 4

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.3

2.4

2.3

 > t\

2.8

2.8

2.65

2.7

Dec.

2.35

2.8

2.3

2.4

2.45

2.35

2.35

2.4

2.3

2.5

2 7

2.45

2.65

2.8

2.85

3.2

3.2

2.85

3.1

3.1

2.9

2.8

3.2

3.2

3

1

3 A

3.2

3.2

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Apr. 3, and about Nov. 26 to 

Dec. 31. Gage not read May 5 to 12, because Water was above limits of gage. O oserver reported maximum 

stage about 14 feet.
TJPPEE MISSISSIPPI KIVEB DEAINAGE BASIN. 103 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn.,for 1912.

Day.

1... .................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10.................'...................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

27

28....................................

29....................................

so..............:.....................

31....................................

Apr.

200

250

300

410

436

715

685

715

685

685

656

627

571

571

599

599

627

627

627

656

656

627

599

599

571

656

745

776

807

1,000

May.

1,030

1,200

1,610

2,120

2,700

3,500

4,000

3,700

3,300

2,900

2,700

2,300

2,080

1,960

1,810

1,730

1,690

1,730

1,420

1,350

1,280

1,200

1,170

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,100

934

870

870

838

June.

807

745

685

656

627

599

571

571

489

436

436

462

462

436

462

462

462

571

627

599

516

489

292

271

252

236

236

207

207

194

July.

174

221

221

236

236

252

292

336

360

336

292

236

221

156

168

188

207

207

188

181

194

200

207

207

207

194

194

194

207

174

168

Aug.

156

144

132

120

132

150

156

150

144

132

120

144

144

144

162

168

156

138

156

207

236

221

207

181

- 168

156

144

138

156

168

181

Sept.

144

156

144

138

132

132

144

132

132

138

126

120

126

132

108

1 132

132

132

132

120

120

108

138

144

132

144

120

156

132

138

Oct.

181

168

132

138

168

132

144

181

156

120

156

181

144

144

181

174

181

168

168

108

156

188

168

102

120

174

156

132

168

194

168

Nov.

120

108

108

132

168

168

168

126

138

132

132

168

168

144

144

156

120

132

156

156

168

156

120

132

120

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve. Daily discharge May 5 to 12 estimated from maximum stage reported by observer and discharge at other stations on the Minnesota. 

Discharge Jan. 1 to Apr. 3 and Nov. 26 to Dec. 31 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records, 

discharge measurements, and observer's notes, as follows: Jan. 1-31,25 second-feet, varying about 60 to 10 

second-feet; Feb. 1-29,15 second-feet, varying from about 7 to 30 second-feet; Mar. 1-31, 85 second-feet, 

varying from about 30 to 150 second-feet; Nov. 26-30,125 second-feet; Dec. 1-31,125 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 6,300 square miles.]

Month.

February................................

March...................................

April....................................

May.....................................

June.....................................

July.....................................

October.................................

November ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,000 04,000

807 

360 

236 

156 

194

4,000

Minimum.

0200 

838 

194 

156 

120 

108 

102

Mean.

25 

15 

85 

609 

1,820 

469 

221 

158 

133 

156 

6139 

125

332

Per 

square 

mile.

0.0040 

.0024 

.014 

.097 

.289 

.074 

.035 

.025 

.021 

.025 

.022 

.020

.053

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.005 

.003 

.02 

.11 

.33 

.08 

.04 

.03 

.02 

.03 

.02 

.02

.71

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C.

a Estimated.

& Differs from value published in "Report of the water-resources investigation of Minnesota, 1911-1912," 

because of estimate of now Nov. 26 to 30 made from information obtained after publication of Minnesota 

report.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.
104 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

MINNESOTA RIVER NEAR MANKATO, MINN.

Location. At Sibley Park, 2 miles above the center of Mankato, and a few hundred 

yards below the mouth of Blue Earth River, the nearest tributary.

Records available. May 20, 1903, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 14,600 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage; datum unchanged.

Channel. Fairly permanent except during periods of high water.

Discharge measurements. Made from a boat and cable near the gage.

Winter flow. From December to March measurements are made through the ice 

to determine the winter discharge.

Artificial control. The nearest dam on the river is at Minnesota Falls, 140 miles 

upstream. There is no dam below the station. A dam on Blue Earth Eiver at 

Rapidan, a few miles above the mouth, controls the flow of that river, but it is 

such a small part of the entire discharge at the Mankato station that the effect of 

such control is slight.

Maximum and minimum flow. The highest known stage of the river occurred in 

1881 and is shown by a well-marked line in Mankato. The stage was approximately 27 feet above the zero of the present gage. This estimate was corroborated 

by M. B. Haynes, city engineer of Mankato, who states that the high water occurred 

after the ice went out and was^not caused by backwater. The corresponding 

discharge is approximately 65,000 second-feet. Since the establishment of the gage 

the highest stage recorded was 21.2 feet on June 26,1908. The lowest stage recorded 

was 0.5 in 1911, when the flow was about 89 second-feet for a considerable time.

Accuracy. Measurements made during the earlier years indicated changing conditions of flow, and accordingly the discharge for years previous to 1907 was 

obtained largely by the indirect method. These results can not be considered so 

accurate as the later ones, which are based on well-defined rating curves.

Cooperation. Since 1906 gage heights have been furnished by United States 

Weather Bureau.

Discharge measurements of Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

Feb. 76

Aug. 30d

Hydrographer.

S. B. 8aa\6... ..........

.....do.... ...............

.....do...................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.27

9 10

2.98

2.58

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

341

1,160

1,160

Date.

9/

Hydrographer.

S.B.Soule".. ............

.....do..................

.....do...................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.50

1 48

1.47

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

AAfl

A1O

234

o Complete ice cover; average thickness, 0.75 foot; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.10 foot. 

6 Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 0.97 foot; average distance of water surface to top of ice, 

0.00 foot. Measurement made about 600 feet below the gage. 

c Measurement made from upstream side of highway bridge in town.

<* Measurement made from upstream side of highway bridge in town. Very rapidly rising stage. 

« Wading measurement about 30 feet below gage (under cable). 

/ Wading measurement about 200 feet below gage. 

g Measurement made under complete ice cover; river about 10 per cent open at control.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn., for 1912.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

.5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

Jan.

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2

Feb.

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

Mar.

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

Apr.

8.2

8.4

7.7

7.0

6.5

6.0

6.1

5 9

6.2

5.3

May.

4.5

4.4

4.8

4.6

5.7

5.5

6.8

7.6

7.3

7.5

June.

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.2

July.

2.4

2.3

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.6

2 8

2.6

2.5

Aug.

1.9

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

Sept.

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

Oct.

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

Nov.

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

Dec.

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 105 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Minnesota near Mankato, Minn.,for 1912 Continued.

Day.

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

2i.. .............

22

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

Feb.

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.8

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.6

Mar.

3.0

2.7

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

3.5

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.7

4.6

4.7

4.5

6.1

7.3

Apr.

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.2

4.9

4.8

4.9

5.0

5.1

4.7

5.1

5.4

5.3

5.9

5.3

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.3

May.

7.2

7.4

7.4

7.3

7.1

6.8

6.2

6.1

6.0

5.5

5.2

5.1

4.9

4.8

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.1

June.

3.1

3.1

3.0

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.5

2.4

2.4

July.

2.3

2.6

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

Aug.

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.8

2.2

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.8

1.9

1.8

Sept.

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

Oct.

1.2

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

Nov.

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

Dec.

1.4

1.4

1:4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Mar. 24 and about Dec. 1 

to 31.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Minnesota River near Manhito, Minn., for 1912.

Day.

1............................

2...........................

3...........................

4...... .....................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10... .......

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21.. ................ .........

99

23...........................

24...........................

25...

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

11

Mar.

2,380

2,920

2,810

2,920

2,700

4,730

6,560

Apr.

8,150

8,530

7,240

6,080

5,310

4,590

4,730

4,450

4,870

3,640

3,640

3,640

3,640

3,520

3,520

3,160

3,040

3,160

3,280

3,400

2,920

3

Af\f\

3,770

3,640

4,450

3,640

3,520

3,640

3,770

3,640

May.

2,700

2,590

3,040

2,810

4,170

3,900

5,760

7,070

6,560

6,900

6,400

6,730

6,730

6,560

6,240

5,760

4,870

4,730

4,590

3,900

3,520

3 41VI

3,160

3,040

2,810

2,810

2,810

2,480

2,380

2,280

2,280

June;

2,180

2,080

2,080

1,890

1,800

1,710

1,620

1,540

1,460

1,460

1,380

1,380

1,300

1,230

1,300

1,300

1,380

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,230

1,230

1,160

1,160

1,160

1,160

970

910

910

July.

910

855

970

1,030

1,030

910

1,030

1,160

1,030

970

855

1,030

1,090

970

910

910

855

855

800

855

800

745

745

745

745

745

745

745

745

745

690

Aug.

635

525

525

525

525

525

525

525

525

525

470

470

470

420

420

420

420

470

525

470

470

COf|

800

910

800

745

745

690

580

635

580

Sept.

580

470

470

470

470

470

470

420

420

420

420

370

370

370

320

370

320

. 370

370

370

320

' 320

270

270

320

320

320

320

320

270

Oct.

270

270

270

270

270

270

270

270

320

320

270

370

370

370

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

Nov.

320

320

270

270

270

320

320

320

320

270

225

270

270

320

320

270

270

225

270

270

270

270

27tt

180

180

225

225

225

270

270

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined between 180 and 16,600 

second-feet (gage heights 1.0 and 12.0 feet). Discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 24 and L>ec. 1 to 31 estimated, because 

of ice, from climatologic records, and records of discharge in adjacent drainage areas, as follows: Jan. 1-31, 

300 second-feet; varying from about 360 to 200 second-feet; Feb. 1-29,250 second-feet; Mar. 1-24,770 secondfeet, varying from about 400 to 1,800 second-feet; Dec. 1-31,245 second-feet.
106 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 14,600 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second feet.

Maximum.

6,560

8,530 

7.070 

2,180 

1,160 

910 

580 

370 

320

8,530

Minimum.

2,920 

2,280 

910 

690 

420 

270 

270 

180

Mean.

300 

250 

1,400 

4,270 

4,290 

1,410 878 

563 

379 

310 

270 

245

1,210

Per 

square 

mile.

0.021 

.017 

.096 

.292 

.294 

.097 

.060 

.039 

.026 

.021 

.018 

.017

.083

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.02 

.02 

.11 

.33 

.34 

.11 

.07 

.04 

.03 

.02 

.02 

.02

1.13

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

C.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

WHETSTONE RIVER NEAR BIG STONE, S. DAK.

Location. At the State Line bridge, one-fourth mile'southeast of Big Stone and

nearly a mile above the mouth. 

Records available. September 18 1909, to November 30,1912. Records of United

States Engineer Corps, September 15,1S99, to May 4,1904. Station permanently

discontinued November 30, 1912. 

Drainage area. 441 square miles. 

Gage. Vertical staff.

Channel. Somewhat shifting during flood periods. 

Discharge measurements. Made from bridge to which gage is attached and by

wading. 

Winter flow. During the period 1909-1912 the winter flow has been so low that no

attempt has been made to make estimates. 

Floods. The maximum flood during the period which records have been kept

occurred on April 22,1910, and amounted to 1,300 second-feet. The flow has been

above 1,000 eecond-feet only on three days.

Artificial control. There are no dams on the river and the flow at the gaging station 

<is natural.

Discharge measurements of Whetstone River near Big Stone, S. Dak., in 1912.

Date.

Apr. 10

10

Hydrographer.

S. B. Soule"... ..........

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

1.48

1 48

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

33.6

33.7

Date.

May 5

Hydrographer.

S. B. SoulcS.............

W. G. Hoyt............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.24

1 on

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

179

19 4

a Measurement made by wading at about 100 feet above gage.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 107

Daily gage height, in feet, of Whetstone River near Big Stone, S. Dak., for 1912. 

[F. "W. Thorndike, observer.]

Day.

1....................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11... .................... .............

12....................................

ll. ..................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18...................................*.

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31.......:............................

Apr.

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.45

2.0

1.75

1.7

1.6

1.45

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.55

5.2

4.7

3.4

2.8

2.5

2.15

2.0

1.85

1.75

1.7

1.75

1.85

2.2

2.8

2.6

2.45

May.

1.85

1.6

1.65

1.8

3.6

4.5

4.0

3.0

2.4

2.05

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.3

1.65

2.0

1.75

1.55

1.45

1.7

1.95

1.65

1.55

June.

1.5

1.45

1.25

1.15

1.1

1.0

.95

.9

.9

.8

.9

.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.4

1.65

1.55

1.35

1.25

1.15

1.0

1.0

.9

.85

.7

.6

.55

.5

.5

July.

0.5

.5

.5

.8

1.2

1.0

.85

1.05

1.2

1.2

1.0

1.05

1.1

1.25

1.45

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.4

1.45

1.5

1.45

1.65

1.45

1.2

1.0

g

Aug.

0.85

.8

.65

.6

.5

.5

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.45

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.5

.65

.65

.5

.5

.5

.45

.4

.4

.4

.4

.5

.5

Sept.

0.5

.5

.5

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.,4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

Oct.

0.5

.5

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

NOT.

0.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Nov. 17 to 30. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Whetstone River near Big Stone, S. Dak., for 1912.

Day.

1... .................................

2... .................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9.................................... 10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

Apr.

174

152

131

98

61

46

43

37

30

25

23

21

21

34

507

407

199

131

102

72

May.

52

37

40

49

227

369

285

152

93

64

52

49

49

49

43

32

21

19

19

19

June.

32

30

21

18

16

13

12

10

10

8.0

10

10

13

16

19

27

40

34

25

21

July.

4.5

4.5

4.5

8.0

19

13

9.0

14

19

19

13

14

16

21

30

37

37

37

32 ,

27

Aug.

9.0

8.0

5.5

5.0

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.2

4.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.5

5.5

Sept.

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

Oct.

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.5

Nov.

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5
108 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Whetstone River near Big Stone, S. Dak,, for 1912-

Continued.

Day.

21....................................

22....................................

23.....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

61

52

46

43

46

52

76

131

111

98

[May.

16

23

40

61

46

34

30

A*t

58

40

34

June.

18

13

13

10

Q fl

6.0

5.0

4.8

4.5

4.5

July.

19

19

27

30

32

30

40

30

19

13

10

Aug.

5.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.2

4.0

4.0 i ft

4.0

4.5

4.5

Sept.

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.5

4.5

A. R

4.5

4.5

Oct.

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3

E

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

Nov.

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well denned between 5 and 467 second-feet (gage 

heights 0.6 and 5.0 feet). Outside of these limits the rating curve is an extension. Discharge Nov. 17 to 30, 

1912, estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records and records of discharge of adjacent drainage areas 

at 3 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Whetstone River near Big Stone, S. Dak., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 441 square miles.]

Month.

Mav..... ................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

507 

369 

40 

40 

9.0 

4.5 

4.5

Minimum.

21 

16 

4.5 

4.5 

4.0 

4.0 

3.5

Mean.

101 

69.2 

15.8 

20.9 

4.64 

4.15 

3.82 

3.27

Per 

square 

mile.

0.229 

.157 

.036 

.047 

.011 

.0094 

.0087 

.0074

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.26 

.18 

.04 

.05 

.01 

.01 

.01 

.008

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

D. 

D.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.

LAC QUI PARLE RIVER AT LAC QUI PARLE, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge at Lac qui Parle in sec. 26, T. 118 N., B. 42 W.,

in Lac qui Parle County, a short distance above the mouth of Threemile Creek. 

Records available. April 27,1910, to December 31,1912. 

Drainage area.- 838 square miles.1 

Gage. Vertical staff; datum, unchanged. 

Channel. Slightly shifting during flood stages. 

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge. 

Winter flow. Observations are discontinued during the winter. During 1912 the

flow has been estimated from the flow of the Minnesota at Montevideo and the

Chippewa near Watson and one discharge* measurement made Februray 22, 1913,

at which time there was no flow. 

Artificial control. There are no dams on the stream which control its flow at the

present time. 

Accuracy. Because of slight shifting of the channel and the fact that the rating

curves are only fairly well defined, records at this station can not be considered

better than fair.

1 Revised since 1911 report.
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 109 

Discharge measurements of Lac qui Parle River at Lac qui Parle, Minn., in 191%.

Date.

Apr. 9

June 21

Aug. 28*

Hydrographer.

S . B . Soule" ...............................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.08

2.10

1.10

Discharge.

Scc.-ft. 

76

107

22.2

a Measurement made by wading at section about 150 feet below gage.

Daily gage height, infect, of Lac qui Parle River at Lac qui Parle, Minn., for 191%. 

[Chas. A. Gould, observer.]

Day.

1....................................

2..............'......................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12...........:........................

13....................................

14....................................

15 . ... ............................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23........... .........................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

9Q

30... ............................ .'...

31....................................

Apr.

3.5

3.5

4.7

3.4

2.75

2.55

2.4

2.2

2 1

2.0

1.90

1.80

1.75

1.75

1.85

1.90

2.25

2.4

2.35

2.2

2.5

2.0

1.90

1.90

1.90

2.15

2.3

2.2

3.0

2.85

May.

2.75

2.55

5.1

3.9

7.6

7.6

7.2

6.4

5.4

4.4

3.9

3.4

3.3

3.0

2.9

2.75

2.65

2.6

2.45

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.25

2.25

2.2

2.1

2.05

2.0

1.95

1.90

June.

1.90

1.80

1.75

1.70

1.65

1.60

1.52

1.50

1.42

1.38

1.35

1.30

1.32

1.35

1.42

1.55

2.8

3.4

2.85

2.35

2.1

1.95

1.82,

1.72

1.62

1.52

1.45

1.35

1.30

1.20

July.

1.15

1.10

1.05

1.12

1.20

1.35

1.15

1.10

1.05

1.00

.95

1.05

.95

.95

.92

.92

.95

.90

.85

.88

.85

.85

1.05

1.10

1.08

1.02

1.02

1.05

1.00

.95

.88

Aug.

0.80

.78

.72

.70

.80

.75

.72

.70

.72

.70

.68

.80

.78

.75

.72

.75

.85

.98

1.02

1.05

1.08

1.15

1.20

1.12

1.12

1.20

1.12

1.10

1.05

1.02

.98

Sept.

1.02

1.00

.95

.90

.85

.80

.80

.75

.72

.70

.68

.65

.62

.60

.58

.60

.62

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

. .60

.60

.72

.72

.75

.75

.78

.75

Oct.

0.80

.85

.85

.88

.90

.90

.88

.88

.88

.88

.85

.88

.85

.85

.85

.85

.85

.90

.90

.98

.98

.88

.90

.90

.90

.88

.88

.85

.88

.82

.85

Nov.

0.88

.88

.88

.85

.85

.83

.90

.90

.90

.90

W

"

.88

.88

.88

.90

.90

.85

.75

.85

.88

.90

.88

.95

.82

.85

1.00

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Apr. 5 and about Nov. 26 

to Dec. 31.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lac qui Parle River at Lac qui Parle, Minn., for 1912.

Day.

1... .................................

2....................................

3.................:..................

4. ...................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....... ................... ..........

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15......... ...........................

Apr.

124

107

87

77

68

60

53

50

50

56

May.

151

124

670

350

1,550

1.550

1,390

1,100

760

510

410

310

290

235

220

June.

85

75

70

66

62

57

50

48

42

39

36

33

34

36

42

July.

24

22

20

23

27

36

24

22

20

17

- 15

20

15

15

14

Aug.

9

9

7

7

9

8

7

7

7

7

7

9

9

8

7

Sept.

18

17

15

13

11

9

9

8

7

7

7

6

5

5

5

Oct.

9

11

11

12

13

ia

12

12

12

12

11

12

11

11

11

Nov.

12

12

12

11

11

10

13

13

13

13

13

12

12

12

13
110 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lac qui Parle River at Lacqui Parle, Mirm., for

1912 Continued.

Day.

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

so........:...........................

31....................................

Apr.

60

92

107

102

87

118

68

60

60

60

82

97 87

188

166

May.

198

182

175

152

145

138

132

132

126

126

119

107

101

95

90

85

June.

52

205

310

212

138

107

90

77

68

59

50

44

36

33

27

July.

14

15

13

11

12

11

11

20

22

21

18

18

20

17

15

12

Aug.

8

11

16

18

20

21

24

27

23

23

27

23

22

20

18

16

Sept.

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

7

7

8

8

9

8

Oct.

11

11

13

13

16

16

12

13

13

13

12

12

11

12

10

11

Nov.

13

11

8

11

12

13

12

15

10

11

NOTE. Daily discharge prior to May 6 computed from a rating curve fairly well defined between 12 

and 375 second-feet (gage heights 1.0 and 4.0 feet), and after May 7 from a rating curve not well defined. 

In making the computations the rating tables were used to whole second-feet only. Discharge Jan. 1 to 

Mar. 31 and Nov. 26 to Dec. 31 estimated, because of ice from climatologic records, discharge measurement 

and comparison of record of flow at Odessa, Watson, and Montevideo, as follows: Jan. 1-31,3 second-feet; 

Feb. 1-29,2 second-feet; Mar. 1-31,10 second-feet; Apr. 1-5,50 second-feet; Nov. 26-30,9 second-feet, varying from about 10 to 8 second-feet; Dec. 1-31,5 second-feet. (Discharge measurement made Feb. 22,1913, 

showed zero discharge on that date.)

Monthly discharge of Lac qui Parle River at Lac qui Parle, Minn., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 838 square miles."]

Month.

May....................................

July....................................

September. .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

188 

1.550 

310 

36 

27 

18 

16 

15

1,550

Minimum.

85 

27 

11 

7 

5 

9

Mean.

3 

2 

10 

80.5 

378 

76.1 

18.2 

14.0 

7.8 

12.0 

11.4 

5.0

51.9

Per 

square 

mile.

0.0036 

.0024 

.012 

.096 

.451 

.091 

.022 

.017 

.0093 

.014 

.014 

.0060

.062

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.004 

.003 

.01 

.11 

.52 

.10 

.03 

.02 

.01 

.02 

.02 

.007

1.85

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

D,

o Revised since 1911 report. 

NOTE. See footnotes to table of dally discharge.

CHIPPEWA RIVER NEAR WATSON, MINN.

Location. At highway bridge 2£ miles northeast of Watson, on line between sees. 10 

and 15, T. 118 N., R. 41 W., 10 miles above the mouth of the river and about 2 

miles below the mouth of Dry Weather Creek.

Records available. July 6, 1909, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 1,940 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Somewhat shifting.

Discharge measurements. Made from bridge and by wading.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. Ill

Winter flow. The" flow during the period of ice in 3.912 has been based on the direct 

relation between the flow at Montevideo and Watson supplemented by a few discharge measurements.

Artificial control. There was formerly possibly some slight control from a flour mill 

working tinder an 8-foot head, but this dam is at present out, so that the flow is 

natural. There is no backwater at the station from the dam at Montevideo.

Discharge measurements of Chippewa River near Watson, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

Feb. 9&

Mar. 24c

Hydrographer.

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

5.13

5.28

6.07

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6.3

1.7

14.6

Date.

Aug. 28d

Hydrographer.

S. B. Soule\. ...........

W.G.Hoyt.... ........

S.B.Soule... ..........

height.

Feet. 

6.70

4.42

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

360

123

42.6

a Measurement made under complete ice cover; average distance water surface to bottom of ice 1.00 foot; 

average thickness, 1.10 feet.

6 Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 2.14 feet; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0^56 

foot.

c Section about 150 feet below gage. Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 1.30 feet; average 

distance water surface to top of ice, 0.10 foot.

«* Wading measurement, 100 feet above gage.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Chippewa River near Watson, Minn., for 191%. 

[Clifford Bonde, observer.]

Day.

1. .........

2.......... 

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Jan.

5.2

5.2

5.4

5.1

4.75

4.65

4.75

5.3

5.2

4.75

Feb.

5.15

5.2-

5.3

5.2

5.6

5.6

5.8

Mar.

5.8

5.5

5.65

5.7

5.9

5.9

6.0

6.0

6.2

Apr.

5.95

5.8 

5.7

6.7

7.9

6 9

6.9

6.8

6.8

6.6

6.45

6.4

6.2

6.15

6.15

6.15

6.1

6.1

6.05

6.0

5.95

5.9

6.0

6.1

6.1

6.2

6.2

May.

6.25

6.25

9.7

10.3

10.7

W o

11.0

11.1

10.9

10.6

10.3

10.0

9.6

Q 1

8.8

afr

as

8.1

ao

7.6

7.4

7.3

7.2

7.0

6.9

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.5

6.4

June.

6.3

6.25 

6.2

6.0

6.0

5.9

5.9

5.7

5.65

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.45

5.4

5.4

5.35

5.25

5.15

4.98

4.92

4.88

4.80

4.68

4.65

4.60

July.

4.60

.4.60 

4.62

4.60

4.68

4.60

4.72

4.68

4.65

4.60

4.52

4.62

4.55

4.55

4.58

4.48

4.48

4.42

4.50

4.50

4.48

4.52

4,50

4.72

4.68

4.62

4.62

4.58

4.58

4.60

4.58

Aug.

4.50

4.48 

4.42

4.42

4.50

4.55

4.60

4.50

4.55

4.55

4.55

4.58

4.52

4.52

4.55

4.55

4.58

4.55

4.52

4.58

4.58

4.52

4.45

4.30

4.28

4.50

4.40

4.42

4.48

Sept.

4.48

4.48 

4.45

4.45

4.45

4.42

4.42

4.40

4.38

4.38

4.35

4.40

4.38

4.38

4.40

4.38

4.48

4.58

4.40

4.48

4.45

4.40

4.42

4.65

4.60

4.60

4.58

4.68

4.70

Oct.

4.70

4.70 

4.68

4.65

4.60

4.62

4.65

4.65

4.68

4.68

4.70

4.72

4.70

4.68

4.68

4.68

4.68

4.68

4.70

4.68

4.65

4.65

4.62

4.62

4.62

4.61

4.61

4.62

4.60

4.60

4.65

Nov.

4.62

4.65 

4.68

4.68

4.65

4.55

4.65

4.60

4.60

4.62

4.61

4.58

4.60

4.62

4.62

4.60

4.68

4.70

4.70

4.60

4.58

4.55

4.60

4.62

4.71

4.70

4.70

4.68

4.65

4.62

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Apr. 4 and about Nov. 25 to 

Dec. 31.
112 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chippewa River near Watson, Minn., for 1912.

Day.

I....................................

2....................................

1. ...................................

4...................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11................................ ...

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22................................. ..

23....................................

24........................... .. . ..

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

650

403

403

381

381

340

310

300

291

282

273

264

255

255

255

246

246

238

230

222

214

230

246

246

264

264

May.

273

273

1,220

1,440

1,580

1,640

1,680

1,720

1,640

1,540

1,440

1,330

1,190

1,020

920

860

770

710

680

575

525

500

475

425

403

340

340

340

340

320

QrtA

June.

282

273

264

230

230

214

214

184

177

170

156

156

170

156

156

156

149

142

142

136

124

112

102

93

87

83

75

63

61

57

July.

57

57

59

57

63

57

67

63

61

57

51

59

53

53

55

48

48

44

49

49

48

51

49

67

63

59

59

55

55

57

55

Aug.

49

48

44

44

49

53

57

49

53

53

53

53

55

51

51

53

53

55

53

51

55

55 -51

46

 37

36

42

49

43

44

48

Sept.

48

48

46

46

46

44

44

43

42

42

40

43

42

42

43

42

48

52

55

43

48

46

43

44

61

57

57

55

63

65

Oct.

65

65

63

61

57

59

61

61

63

63

65

67

65

63

63

63

63

63

65

63

61

61

59

59

59

58

58

59

57

57

61

Nov.

59

61

63

63

61

53

61

67

67

59

58

55

57

59

59

57

63

65

65

67

55

53

57

59

59

59

59

59TO

59

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between discharges 37 and 830 secondfeet (gage heights 4.3 and 8.5 feet). Discharge interpolated for days for which gage heights are missing. 

Discharge Jan. 1,1912 to Apr. 4,1912, and Nov. 25 to Dec. 31 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic 

records, discharge measurements, gage heights, and comparison with the flow at Montevideo, as follows: 

Jan. 1-31,6 second-feet,varying from about 10 to 3 second-feet; Feb. 1-29,5 second-feet, varying from about 

2 to 10 second-feet; Mar. 1-27,12 second-feet, varying from about 10 to 15 second-feet; Mar. 28 to Apr. 4, 

200 second-feet, varying from about 20 to 300 second-feet; Dec. 1-31, 45 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Chippewa River near Watson, Minn., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 1,940 square miles.]

Month.

July....................................

"Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

650 

1,720 

282 

67 

57 

65 

67 

65

1,720

Minimum.'

273

57 

44 

36 

40 

57

Mean.

6 

5 

20 

283 

865 

154 

55.6 

49.5 

47.9 

61.5 

58.9 

45

138

Per 

square 

mile.

0.0031 

.0026 

.010 

.146 

.446 

.079 

.029 

.026 

.025 

.032 

.030 

.023

.071

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.004 

.003 

.01 

.16 

.51 

.09 

.03 

.03 

.03 

.04 

.03 

.03

.97

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

D. 

B. 

A. 

A 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVEE DEAINAGE BASIN. 113

BEDWOOD EIVEE NEAR REDWOOD PALLS, MINN.

Location. At the first highway bridge above Redwood Falls, 3 milea distant.

Records available. July 2, 1909, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 703 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage attached to bridge datum unchanged.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge except at low stages when they

are made by wading at different sections. 

Winter flow. Ice exists from December to March, and discharge measurements

are made to determine the winter flow. 

Artificial control. The flow at the gaging station is natural, as there are no dams

above. Below the station a dam at Redwood Falls creates a pond extending for

a considerable distance upstream but backwater does not reach the gaging

station.

Discharge measurements of Redwood River near Redwood Falls, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

Apr. 11

Aug. 296

Hydrographer.

S.fe. SouJe..............

.....do..................

height.

Feet. 

1.6

2.20

1.72

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

0.40

57.7

6.1

Date.

29

Hydrographer.

S. B. Soute.............

.....do..................

height.

Feet. 

1.72 <*!.!

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5.4

« Complete ice cover. Average thickness, 0.80 foot; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.00 foe t. 

& Wading measurement, 1,000 feet above gage. 

« Wading measurement, 1,100 feet above gage. 

<* Point of zero flow.

Daily gage "height, in feet, of Redwood River near Redwood Falls, Minn., for 1912.

{Wallace Stuart, observer.]

Day.

1...... ..............................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11................. ...................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

10

20....................................

21............. .......................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28............. ........... .............

29ftn

Apr.

2.20

2.20

2.25

2.20

2.20

1.98

2.20

2.25

2.22

2.20

2.28

2.22

2.25

2.25

2.45

2.45

2.40

2.55

2.55

2.60

May.

2.62

2.55

2.45

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.72

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.52

2.45

2.30

2.20

2.25

2.30

2.35

2.30

2.30

2.22

2.50

2.50

2.40

2.35

2.20

2.25

2.20

2.15

2.10

2.15

2

1 A

June.

2.12

2.10

2.08

2.05

2.02

2.00

1.98

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.90

2.00

1.95

2.00

2.08

2.05

2.05

2.00

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.92

1.90

1.88

1.88

1.85

1.85

1.82

1.82

1.80

July.

1.70

1.85

2.05

2.65

2.00

1.90

1.87

1.80

1.85

1.70

1.80

1.80

1.77

1.70

1.65

1.75

1.73

1.73

1.75

1.63

1.80

1.75

1.80

1.75

1.60

1.77

1.80

l.SO

1.77

1.67

1.70

Aug.

1.60

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.60

1.70

1.70

1.75

1.73

1.60

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.55

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.85

1.70

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.70

1.80

1.75

1 73

1.77

1.77

Sept.

1.73

1.75

1.73

1.70

1.70

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.73

1.75

1.75

1.73

1.73

1.70

1.75

1.80

1.75

1.70

1.73

1.75

1.78

1.75

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.83

1.85

Oct.

1.75

1.85

1.90

1.90

1.75

1.95

1.95

2.00

2.00

1.88

2.00

2,10

2.10

2.00

1.85

1.95

1.95

2.00

2.10

1.95

2.00

2.05

2.05

2.05

1.90

1.96

2.05

2.00

2.05

1.96

2.68

Nov.

2.05

2.05

2.02

2.00

1.92

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

1.95

2.00

2.00

1.95

1.9Q

2.00

1.95

1.95

1.95

!.*>

1.98

2.00

2.00

1.98

1.90

1.9,8

1.95

1.98

2.00

1.88

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Apr. 10, and about Dec. 1 to 31, 

29804° WSP 325 14
114 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Redwood River near Redwood Falls, Minn.,for

Day.

1. ...................................

2.................................... 3...............;....................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24...................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

56

56

66

56

56

24

56

66

60

56

72

60

66

66

110

110

QQ

134

134

146

May.

152

134

110

122

146

174

180

174

174

174

127

110

76

56

66

76

88

76

76

60

122

122

99

88

56

66

56

48

39

48

42

June.

42

39

36

32

29

26

24

22

22

22

17

26

22

26

36

32

32

26

22

22

22

19

17

16

16

14

14

12

12

11

July.

6

14

32

160

26

17

15

11

14

6

, 11

11

10

6

5

8.5

7.5

7.5

8.5

4.6

11

8.5

11

8.5

4

9.5

11

11

9.5

5.4

6

Aug.

4

6

6

6

4

6

6

8.5

7.5

4

5

5

5

5

3.5

8.5

8.5

8.5

14

6

11

11

11

11

6

11

8.5

7.5

7.5

9.5

9.5

Sept.

7.5

8.5

7.5

6

6

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.5

7.5

8.5

8.5

7.5

7.5

7

6

8.5

11

8.5

6

7.5

8.5

10

8.5

14

14

14

14

13

14

Oct.

8.5

14

17

17

8.5

22

22

26

26

16

26

39

39

26

14

22

22

26

39

22

26

32

32

32

17

22

32

26

32

22

26

Nov.

32

32

29

26

19

26

26

26

26

24

22

26

26

22

17

26

22

22

22

17

24

26

26

24

17.

24

22

24

26

16

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a fairly well-defined rating curve. Discharge Sept. 15 and Nov. 

10 interpolated. Discharge Jan. 1 to Apr. 10 and Dec. 1 to 31 estimated, because of ice and absence of 

gage reader, from climatologic records, one discharge measurement, and discharge of adjacent drainage 

areas, as follows: Jan. 1-30,1 second-foot; Feb. 1-29,2 second-feet; Mar. 1-31,10 second-feet; Apr. 1-10,20 

second-feet; Dec. 1-31,10 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Redwood River near Redwood Falls, Minn., for 191%. 

[Drainage area, 703 square miles.)

Month.

May

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

146 

180 

42 

160 

14 

14 

39 

32

180

Minimum.

39 

11 

4 

3.5 

6 

8.5 

16

Mean.

1

2 

10 

58.3 

101 

23.6 

15.4 

7.44 

9.12 

24.2 

23.9 

10.0

23.9

Per 

square 

mile.

0.0014 

.0028 

.014 

.083 

.144 

.034 

. .022 

.011 

.013 

.034 

.034 

.014

.034

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.002 

.003 

.02 

.09 

.17 

.04 

.03 

.01 

.01 

.04 

.04 

.02

.48

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

COTTONWOOD RIVER NEAR NEW ULM, MINN.

Location. At Alwin highway bridge, 2 miles southeast of NewTJlm, in sec. 31, T.

110 N., R. 30 W., 15 miles below the mouth of Sleepy Eye Creek, the nearest

tributary. 

Records available. July 2, 1909, to December, 1912.
T7PPEB MISSISSIPPI KIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 115

Drainage area. 1,190 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage attached to bridge. On August 12, 1909, the datum of the gage

was lowered 2.28 feet. All readings prior to that date have been corrected, so

that all gage heights refer to the new datum. 

Channel. Slightly shifting, as shown by low-water measurements. 

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge, except during extreme low

water, when they are made by wading. 

Winter flow. Affected by ice. 

Artificial control. There are no dams above the gaging station, so that the flow of the

river is natural at the station. Backwater from the dam of New Ulm does not

extend to the gaging station. 

Discharge measurements of Cottonwood River near New Ulm, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

Jan. fa

Feb. 8*

Mar. 19c

Apr. 11

Hydrographer.

C. J. Emerson.. ........

8. B.Soule"... ..........

.....do.................

.....do.................

height.

Feet. 

2.09

2.70

3.75

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

22.3

13.5

94.0

188

Date.

June 19d

Aug. 29<«

29«

Dec. 27/

Hydrographer.

W.G.Hoyt.. ..........

S. B.Soule... ..........

.....do.................

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.95

1.22

1.22

1 OS

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

89.1

18.6

20.5

Q 7

a Complete ice cover; average tMckness of ice, 1.00 foot; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.25 

foot.

6 Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 1.83 feet; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.00 

foot.

c Measuring section about 200 feet above gage. Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 1.46 feet; 

average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.09 foot.

«* Wading measurement 60 feet below gage.

< Wading measurement 80 feet below gage.

/ Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 0.67 foot.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cottonwood River near New Ulm, Minn., for 1912. 

[Ester Alwin, observer.]

Day.

I............... 

2...............

3............... 

4............... 

5...............

6............... 

7............... 

8............... 

9...............

10...............

11............... 

12............... 

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18............... 

19...............

20

21............... 

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26............... 

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.3

"i'.'tt

2.1 

"2." is'

2.2

2.35

2.4

.. .

2.4

2.5

Feb.

2.55

"i'e"

" "2."75"

"2.T"

2.9

.......

.......

.......

Mar.

.......

.......

..:::::

3.65

3.75

3.9

3.7

3.95

4.0

4.15

Apr.

4-8 

4.2

3.9 

3.75 

3.4

3.25 

3.2 

2.9 

^.75

2.65

2.45 

2.4 

2.4

2.5

2.55 

2.55

2.55

2.65 

2.65 

2.65

2.55 

2.55

2.45

2.5

2.55

2.6

2.65

2.85

2.8 

2.7

May.

2.5 

2.45

2.6 

2.7 

2.65

2.3 

2.25 

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.15 

2.15 

2.1

2.2

2.2 

2.2

2.15

2.2 

2.05 

2.0

1.90

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.80

1.78

1.88

1.88 

1.86

1.85

June.

1.75 

1.62

1.60 

1.60

1.58

1.56 

1.55 

1.65 

1.60

1.58

1.45 

1.42 

1.40

1.51

1.80 

1.90

1.88

1.85 

1.90 

2.0

1.86 

1.65

1.58

1.50

1.50

1.45 

1.38

1.38

1.35 

1.30

July.

1.30 

1.30

1.30 

1.30 

1.39

1.42 

1.52 

1.55 

1.62

1.75

1.75 

1.96 

1.65

1.38

1.36 

1.32

1.30

1.25 

1.28 

1.35

1.30 

1.30

1.30

1.25

1.24

1.22 

1.20

1.20

1.18 

1.18

1.16

Aug.

1.15 

1.15

1.15 

1.15 

1.18

1.18 

1.19 

1.20 

1.22

1.22

1.15 

1.15 

1.14

1.12

1.12 

1.11

1.10

1.29 

1.45 

1.58

1.62 

1.60

1.56

1.52

1.50

1.42 

1.35

1.30

1.25 

1.28

1.28

Sept.

1.28 

1.28

1.28 

1.28 

1.26

1.25 

1.20 

1.20 

1.18

1.18

1.18 

1.14 

1.10

1.05

1.05 

1.10

1.12

1.18 

1.18 

1.15

1.15 

1.12

1.12

1.11

1.10

1.15 

1.18

1.18

1.18 

1.19

Oct.

1.20 

1.20

1.18 

1.12 

1.10

1.12 

1.16 

1.18 

1.14

1.12

1.12 

1.18 

1.26

1.28

1.29 

1.30

1.35

1.35 

1.30 

1.28

1.28 

1.28

1.28

1.28

1.26

1.25 

1.25

1.25

1.25 

1.25

1.25

Nov.

1.25 

1.25

1.25 

1.25 

1.25

1.25 

1.25 

1.25 

1.25

1.25

1.25 

1.25 

1.25

1.25

1.25 

1.25

1.28

1.28 

1.28 

1.28

1.28 

1.28

1.28

1.39

1.48

1.50 

1.50

1.48

1.48 

1.48

Dec.

"2." 6"

" "2.Y

2.6

......

......

2.7

"i.'oa

"2.T

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Apr. 5 and about Nov. 24 to 

Dec. 31.
116 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cottonwood River near New Ulm, Minn.,forl91$.

Day.

1.................... ................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29.., ................ ...... ...........

30................................

31................................

Apr.

420

404

309

264

236

185

173

173

197

01 A

210

210

236

236

236

210

01 A

f oe

197

01 A

999

9Qfi

294

279

9KA

May.

197

185

222

250

236

151

141

131

131

131

122

122

113

131

131

131

122

131

105

O7

83

76

76

76

70

68

80

OA

7S

76

June.

64

50

48

48

46

45

44

53

48

46

36

34

32

41

70

83

80

76

QQ

07

7B

%%

46

40

40

36

Ort

30

90

24

July.

24

24

24

24

31

34

42

44

50

64

64

91

53

30

29

26

24

20

23

28

24

24

24

20

20

is

17

17

16

16

15

Aug.

14

14

14

14

16

16

16

17

18

18

14

14

14

13

13

12

12

23

36

46

50

48

45

42

40

34

28

24

20

00

23

Sept.

23

23

23

23

21

20

17

17

16

16

16

14

12

10

10

12

13

16

16

14

14

13

13

19

12

14

16

16

16

16

Oct.

17

17

16

13

12

13

15

16

14

13

13

16

21

23

23

24

28

28

24

23

23

23

23

23

21

20

20

20

20

20

20

Nov.

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

23

23

23

23

23

23

23

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge Jan. 1 to Apr. 5 and 

Nov. 24 to Dec. 31 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records discharge measurements, and 

gage heights, as follows: Jan. 1-31.1912, 20 second-feet, varying from about 30 to 18 second-feet; Feb. 

1-29,15 second-feet, varying from about 18 to 13 second-feet; Mar. 1-31,90 second feet; Apr. 1-5,200 secondfeet; Nov. 24-30,23 second-feet; Dec. 1-31,15 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Cottonwood River near New Ulm, Minn., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 864 square miles.]

Month.

March. ..................................

April....................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

250 

97 

91 

50 

23 

28

250

Minimum.

68 

24 

15 

12 

10 

12

Mean.

20 

15 

90 

233 

123 

51.0 

31.0 

23.6 

15.8 

19.4 

21.4 

15

54.8

Per 

square 

mile.

0.023 

.017 

.104 

.270 

.142 

.059 

.036 

.027 

.018 

.022 

.025 

.017

.063

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.03 

.02 

.12 

.30 

.16 

.07 

.04 

.03 

.02 

.03 

.03 

.02

.87

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C.

Nora. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 117

ST. CROIX RIVER NEAR ST. CROIX FALLS, WIS.

Location. At the power plant of the Minneapolis General Electric Co. on the Wisconsin side of St. Crois River near St. Croix Falls, Wis., about 50 miles above 

the confluence of St. Crois and Mississippi rivers near Hastings, Minn. Apple 

River, draining an area wholly in Wisconsin, enters from the left about 2 miles 

below the station; Snake River enters from the right about 35 miles above the 

station.

Records available. January 10, 1902, to June 30, 1905; January 1, 1910, to December 31,1912. Data for 1903 published in Water-Supply Paper 98, pp. 176-177, 

under "St. Crois near Taylors Falls, Minn." Daily and monthly discharge 

January 10, 1902, to June 30, 1905, and January 1, 1910, to October 31, 1912, 

published also in the report on "Water resources of Minnesota" by the State 

Drainage Commission.

Drainage area. 5,930 square miles.

Discharge. Discharge determined from kilowatt output of dynamo and exciters 

plus the flow over the dam and spillway, considered as a weir.

Cooperation. 'Records furnished by the Minneapolis General Electric Co.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls., Wis., for 1912.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

e........ .......

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

26...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1,470

2,190

2,040

2,070

1,660

1,650

1.230

1,510

1,620

1,570

1,580

1,320

1,730

1,280

1,010

1.290

940

1,280

1,410

1,620

1,120

1,440

1,380

1,430

1,430

1,420

1,510

1,170

1,810

1,550

1,430

Feb.

1,420

1,110

1,660

1,110

1,460

1,260

1.420

1,510

1,430

1,580

1.180

2,000

1,160

1.280

1,420

1,460

1,750

950

1,860

1,240

1,310

1,570

1,470

1,830

970

1,980

1,520

1,490

1,570

.......

,Mar.

1,670

1,720

920

1,820

1,120

1,310

1,370

1 670

1,700

930

1,680

1,350

1,220

1,480

1,750

1,710

900

1,650

1,390

1,420

1,930

1,900

1,970

710

1,890

1,490

1,860

1,950

1,910

1,830

1,460

Apr.

4,790

5,960

6,090

5,670

8,350

9,670

8,470

6,590

8,040

7,420

4,170

5,140

5,400

5,340

5,780

5,890

8,260

6,420

7,280

6,430

6,070

5,480

5,560

5,240

5,610

5,990

9,590

11,300

10,500

8,910

May.

8,560

6,890

7,050

10,800

18,900

33,500

28,700

24,300

19,100

14,200

11,400

9,830

8,740

7,230

9,540

8,330

7,920

4,950

4,040

4,520

4,610

4,510

4,760

4,870

5,220

4,330

5,130

5,510

5,550

4,960

5,270

June.

8,510

7,500

7,370

6,880

5,400

4,590

4,100

4,340

4,170

4,580

2,700

2,530

2,570

2,440

2,230

2,540

3,230

3,940

3,480

2,300

2,270

2,500

1,550

2,140

2,330

2,360

2,620

2,650

2,450

1,470

July.

2,260

1,640

1,550

989

1,700

1,580

866

1,910

1,820

3,830

2,850

1,380

1,380

822

5,160

2,090

1,720

1,670

1,680

1,560

899

1,940

1,620

1,690

1,620

1,770

1,640

823

1,530

1,900

1,820

Aug.

1,210

1,940

1,790

922

866

1,710

1,700

1 170

1,500

2,010

928

1,880

2,140

2,080

2,010

1,760

1,640

1 120

2,170

2,430

2,510

2,380

2,080

1,690

937

1,820

1,910

1,860

1,940

2,000

1,930

Sept. .

1,030

1,410

1,770

2,110

2,530

2,750

2,830

1,900

1,980

2,310

4,450

2,140

2,280

2,120

1,300

2,240

2,390

2,120

1,800

1,900

2,010

1,410

1,910

1,800

1,960

1,820

2,000

1,990

1,300

2,140

Oct.

1,830

1,760

1,600

1,780

1,960

1,530

1,340

2,360

2,060

1,740

1,750

1,960

1,690

2,020

2,090

2,100

2,090

2,060

2,000

1,840

1,900

1,720

1,830

1,750

1,840

2,080

1,580

1,700

1,800

1,760

1,710

Nov.

1,790

1,920

1,510

1,630

1,520

1,780

1,630

1,740

1,750

1,590

1,770

1,600

1,590

1,660

1,560

1,740

1,340

1,640

1,560

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,720

1,460

1,520

876

1,190

1,300

949

1,350

Dec.

1,610

1,540

1,350

1,940

1,920

1,740

1,360

1,070

1,360

1,190

1,260

1,240

1,230

1,430

1,650

1,440

1,680

1,530

1,410

1,610

1,790

1,440

1,350

1,850

1,220

1,790

1,500

1,690

1,480

1,450

1,100
118 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Monthly discharge of St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wis., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 5,930 square miles.]

Month.

February.. ....................................

March .........................................

May...........................................

July............................./.............

August ........................................

October. .............. =. ......................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,190 

2.000 

1.970 

11,300 

33,500 

8 510 

5.160 

2,510 

4,450 

2,360 

1,920 

1,940

33,500

Minimum.

940 

950 

710 

4,170 

4,040 

1,470 

822 

866 

1.030 

1,340 

876 

1,070

710

Mean.

1,490 

1,450 

1,540 

6,850 

9,780 

3,590 

1,800 

1,740 

2,060 

1,850 

1,550 

1,490

2,930

Per 

square 

mile.

0.251 

.245 

.260 

1.16 

1.65 

.605 

.304 

.293 

.347 

.312 

.261 

.251

.494

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.29 

.26 

.30 

1.29 

1.90 

.68 

.35 

.34 

.39 

.36 

.29 

.29

6.74

NOTE, Computed by engineers of the United States Geological Survey from records of daily discharge furnished by the Minneapolis General Electrical Co.

KETTLE RIVER NEAR SANDSTONE, MINN.

Location. At the quarries of the Barber Asphalt Co. at Benning, 3 miles above 

Sandstone; no tributaries within several miles.

Records available. October 18, 1908, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 825 square miles.

Gage. Staff gage in two sections, fastened to vertical rock walls. Gage datum subsequent to April 25, 1912, may differ not more than about 0.02 foot from datum 

of previous years.

Channel. Permanent; bedrock.

Artificial control. The nearest dam is at Sandstone, 3 miles below, but the station is above its influence. , Winter flow. The gage is 50 feet above decided rapids which remain open except 

during periods of extremely cold weather, when they freeze and cause backwater. During January, 1912, backwater existed at the gage ranging from half 

a foot to 1.2 feet.

Accuracy. The rating curve used for 1911 has been revised above gage height 3.0 

feet on the basis of measurements made by the Geological Survey. The curve 

used below 3.0 feet is one furnished by the Kettle River Co. Below gage height 

1.2 feet the rating curve is an extension and discharge values obtained from it 

below that point should be used with caution as they may be 100 per cent in 

error at gage height 0.7 foot.

Cooperation. Station maintained in cooperation with the Kettle River Co.

Discharge measurements of Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

Apr. 256

May 106

Hydrographer.

S. B. Soul<§..... ........

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.58

3.20

5.35

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

131

915

3,140

Date.

May 166

166

Hydrographer.

S. B. Soule....... .......

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.02

3.99

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1 7<Jft

1,680

a Complete ice cover section about 600 feet below gage.

6 Measurement made from highway bridge about 5,000 feet above gage.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 119

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn., for 191%.

Day.

1..........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

1. .........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15.......... 

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Jan.

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.55

2.6

2.58

2.5

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.15

2.1

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

Feb.

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.95

1.95

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

a* U

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.3

2.3

2.35

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.25

Mar.

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.0

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.15 

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.0

1.0

1.05

1.1

1.15

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.4

1.65

1.7

1.8

2.0

Apr.

2.4' 2.35

2.75

3.2

3.6

3.6

3.7

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.1

3.5

3/8

3.8

3 7

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.2

4.6

5.5

5.8

5.2

5.1

May.

5.6

5.6

5.7

6.4

7.5

7.6

6.6

6.1

5.3

5.1

5.0

4.8

4.7

4.0

1 7

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.6

4.2

4.0

3 Q

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.6

1 4

3.4

t s

June.

3.3

3.25

3.3

3.2

t i

3.1

2.9

2.85

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.35

2.2

2.3

3.0

2.85

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.5

2.3

2.25

2.1

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

 J

July.

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.65

1.7

1.65

1.7

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.65

1.6

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.45

1.5

1.5

1.55

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.45

Aug.

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.65

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.4

1.4

1.45

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.35

1.3

1.6

1.65

1.7

1.9

Sept.

1.9

1.85

1.75

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.45

1.45

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.35

1.4.

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.3

1.3

Oct.

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.25

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

Nov.

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

 O

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

.95

.9

.8

.8

.75

.7

NOTE. Gage heights Jan. 3 to Apr. 25, may be in error from 0.05 to 0.1 foot as a result of damage to gage. 

Gage datum subsequent to Apr. 25 may differ not more than about 0.02 foot from datum of previous years. 

Gage not read during December as a result of a misunderstanding.

Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Mar. 7 and about Dec. 1 to 31.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn., for 191%.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

Mar.

70

70

-70

52

70

70

80

80

70

70

80

52

52

Apr.

490

515

705

1,010

1,340

1,340

1,430

1,700

1,520

1,340

1,340

1,170

1,010

935

935

865

935

1,260

1,520

1.520

May.

3,440

3,440

3,560

4,390

5,390

5,770

5,900

4,640

4,030

3,100

2,860

2,750

2,530

2,420

1,990

1,700

1,430

1,340

1,340

1.170

June.

1,090

1,050

1,090

1,010

935

935

800

768

675

620

515

490

420

465

515

865

768

735

675

675

July.

186

173

160

160

201

216

201

216

233

216

201

186

201

186

160

148

136

136

148

160

Aug.

136

124

124

124

112

201

216

186

186

160

148

136

136

124

124

136

136

148

160

148

Sept.

288

269

233

201

186

186

186

173

173

160

148

148

148

136

136

136

148

148

136

124

Oct.

124

112

101

90

112

112

124

112

101

90

101

160

148

136

136

124

124

124

124

124

Nov.

112

112

112

112

112

112

112

112

112

112

112

112

112

112

112

112

101

90

90

80
120 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1912, PABT V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn.,for 1912 Contd.

Day.

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Mar.

61

70

80

70

90

90

136

201

216

250

Apr.

1,430

1,520

1,430

1.340

1,010

2,310

3,320

3,670

2,980

2,860

May.

1,340

1,890

1,700

1,610

1,520

1,430

1,430

1,340

1,170

1,170

1,090

June.

565

465

4.42

375

288

269

250

216

186

186

July.

160

173

160

186

160

160

148

14S

136

136

148

Aug.

136

124

124

112

112

124

112

186

201

216

288

Sept.

124

124

112

124

136

160

148

136

112

112

Ocfc

124

124

112

112

112

101

112

112

112

112

112

Nov.

70

61

52

52

44

37

24

24

18

ol2

o May be 100 per cent in error.

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between discharges 90 and 3,320 

second-feet (gage heights 1.2 and 5.5 feet). Below discharge 90 second-feet (gage height 1.2 feet) and above 

discharge 3,320 second-feet (gage height 5.5 feet) the rating curve is an extension. Rating curve for stages 

below 3 feet based on measurements made by the Kettle River Co. Discharge Jan. 1,1912, to Mar. 7,1912, 

and Dec. 1-31 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records and discharge of adjacent areas especially those of the Rum and the Snake, discharge measurements and gage heights, as follows: Jan. 1-30, 

130 second-feet, varying from about 200 to 100 second-feet; Feb. 1-29,90 second-feet, varying from about 

100 to 80 second-feet; Mar. 1-7,75 second-feet, varying from about 80 to 70 second-feet; Dec. 1-31,80 secondfeet.

Monthly discharge of Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 825 square miles.]

Month.

February ...............................

March ...................................

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

October. ................................

December. ..............................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

330 

3,670 

5,900 

1,090 

233 

288 

288 

160 

112

5,900

Minimum.

490 

1,090 

186 

136 

112 

112 

90 

012

Mean.

130 

90 

96.9 

1,490 

2,540 

611 

172 

152 

158 

117 

84.9 

80

478

Per 

square 

mile.

0.158 

.109 

.117 

1.81 

3.08 

.741 

.20S 

.184 

.192 

.142 

.103 

.097

.579

Run-off 

(depth in 

Inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.18 

.12 

.13 

2.02 

3.55 

.8& 

.24 

.21 

.21 

.16 

.11 

.11

7.87

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

D.

a May be 100 per cent in error. 

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.

SNAKE RIVER AT MORA, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge, three-fourths of a mile south of Mora, in sec. 14, 

T. 39 N., R. 24 W., below the mouth of Ann River.

Becords available. June 11, 1909, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 422 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged.

Channel. Measurements prior to 1912 showed channel to be practically permanent. During high water of May, 1912, channel shifted badly and was gradually 

changing throughout the remainder of the year.

Winter fl.ow.-vFrom December to March measurements are made through the ice 

to determine approximately the winter discharge.

Artificial control. The flow of the river at the gaging station is unregulated except 

for a possible slight effect caused by logging dams at Knife Lake outlet and
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 121

White Pine. Below Pine City the flow is regulated to some extent by the operation of the power plant at Pine City.

Accuracy. Owing to shifting channel records can not be considered better than 

fair.

Discharge measurements of Snake River at Mora, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

Feb. 22&

Mar. 26c

Apr. 3<»

May 10

14

15

Hydrographer.

S.B.Soule.. ....:......

.....do..................

.....do..................

S.B.Soule.............

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.63

6.82

6.83

7.97

12.38

9.76

9.53

Discharge.

Sec.-ft: 

31.2

38.2

29.6

224

1,960

899

868

Date.

June 25<

13'

Oct. 24/

24?

Dec. 31*

Hydrographer.

W.G.Hoyt............

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.78

6.31

6.30

5.94

5.94

6.41

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

112

69

64

3*6

31

a Complete ice cover; average thickness, 1.14 feet; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.16 foot.

* Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 1.59 feet; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.19 

foot.

c Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 1.22 feet; average distance water surface to top of ice, 

0.07 foot

d Floating ice and undoubtedly back water from ice jam.

« Wading measurement about 200 feet above gage.

/ Wading measurement about 600 feet above gage.

9 Wading measurement about 700 feet above gage.

* Complete ice cover at control. Wading measurement about 700 feet above gage.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Snake River at Mora, Minn., for 1912. 

[Alice Lasher, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

».. .............

4v... ...........

6...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

6.7

6.7

6.66

6.65

6.65

6.85

Feb.

6.8

6.8

6.8

Mar.

6.75

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.8

6.7

6.8

7.2

7.4

Apr.

8.0

8.1

7.9

7.5

7.5

7.7

7.9

7.8

7.6

7.5

7.4

7.3

7.3

8.6

9.2

9.4

9.6

10.0

10.6

10.0

9.4

9.5

9.8

8.6

8.8

10.0

11.3

11.1

10.5

9.9

May.

9.4

8.9

10.6

16.7

12.6

12.2

11.4

10.6

10.2

9.8

9.5

9.3

9.0

8.8

8.6

8.5

8.4

8.5

8.8

9.0

8.8

8.5

8.4

8.4

8.2

8.1

7.9

June.

7.8

7.7

7.8

7.8

7.8

7.5

7.35

7.2

7.1

7.05

7.0

6.95

6.9

6.9

6.9

7.6

8.2

8.1

7.8

7.5

7.3

7.2

7.0

6.9

6.8

6.7

6.6

6.55

6.5

6.4

July.

6.31

6.35

6.32

6.40

6.42

6.34

6.35

6.41

6.42

6.36

6.29

6.25

6.32

6.26

6.24

6.20

6.20

6.14

6.10

6.10

6.10

6.10

6.48

6.29

6.18

6.11

6.10

6 04

6.06

6.05

6.04

Aug.

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.09

6.11

6.13

6.32

6.35

6.30

6.31

6.31

6.21

6.16

6..10

6.16

6.16

6.11

6.10

6.06

6.04

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

5.95

6.00

6.30

6.25

Sept.

6.65

6.75

6,70

6.60

6.60

6.40

6.30

6.20

6.18

6.10

6.08

6.00

6.00

6.00

5.95

5.95

5.96

6.00

6.00

5.98

5.95

5.95

5.95

5.94

6.00

6.00

5.98

5.95

6.00

6.08

Oct.

6.05

6.00

6.00

6.00

5.95

5.90

5.91

5.90

5.91

5 92

5.90

6.10

6.05

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

5.98

5.95

6.00

6.00

5.95

5.95

5.95

5.96

5.95

5.94,

5.91

5.91

Nov.

5.92

5.96

5.92

5.92

5.95

5.94

5.92

5.92

5.92

5.92

5.92

5.92

5.92

5.90

5.92

5.95

5.88

5.90

5.90

5.90

5.91

5.90

5.90

6.08

6.00

6.00

Dec.

5.95

5.95

6.1

6.5

6.48

6.41

NOTE. May 4 to 8, water over top of gage. Gage height May 6 determined on June 26 by wye levels to 

a point indicated by the observer as the crest height reached by the flood. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Apr. 12, and about Nov. 24 to Dec. 31.
122 SUHFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1012, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Snake River at Mora, Minn., for

Day.

1... .................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7.....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18............................. ......

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

320

710

920

990

1,060

1,210

1,450

1,210

990

1,020

1,130

710

780

1,210

1,730

1,650

1,410

1,170

May.

990

815

1,450

2,700

3,100

3,600

3,200

2,800

2,030

1,870

1,550

1,230

1 *938 080

850

780

675

610

550

520

490

520

610

675

610

520

490

490

430

400

345

Jane.

320

295

320

320

320

245

211

179

160

Wl

142

134

125

125

125

270

430

400

320

245

200

179

142

125

110

96

83

77

71

60

July.

52

56

53

60

62

59

60

67

68

61

55

51

57

52

50

47

47

42

40

40

40

40

75

59

49

44

43

39

40

40

39

Aug.

36

36

36

36

36

46

48

49

68

71

66

67

67

56

52

47

52

52

48

47

44

42

40

40

40

40

40

36

40

66

60

Sept.

110

125

118

113

113

77

66

56

54

47

45

40

40

40

36

36

37

40

40

38

36

36

36

35

40

40

38

36

40

- 45

Oct.

43

40

40

40

36

33

- 34

33

34

34

33

47

43

40

40

40

40

40

40

38

36

40

40

36

36

36

36

36

35

34

34

Nov.

34

36

34

3f

36

35

3t

31

34

31

34

34

34

33

34

36

32

33

33

33

34

33

33

NOTE. Daily discharge May 4 to 8, estimated from crest height and observer's notes. Daily discharge 

computed from a fairly well defined rating curve. Discharge Jan. 1, to Apr. 12 and Nov. 24 to Dec. 

31 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records, discharge measurements, and gage heights, as follows: 

Jan. 1-31,30 second-feet, varying from about 40 to 20 second-feet; Feb. 1-29, 35 second-feet, varying from 

about 20 to 40 second-feet; Mar. 1-31,40 second-feet, varying from about 40 to 50 second-feet; Apr. 1-12, 

250 second-feet, varying from about 230 to 300 second-feet; Nov. 24-30,33 second-feet; Dec. 1-31,32 secondfeet.

Monthly discharge of Snake River at Mora, Minn., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 422 square miles.]

Month.

Aipril.. ..................................

May.....................................

July. .................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,730

3,600 

430 

75 

71 

125 

47

3,600

Minimum.

345 

60 

39 

36 

35 

33

Mean.

30 

35 

40 

756 

1,190 

199 

51.2 

48.5 

55.1 

37.6 

33.7 

32

209

Per 

square 

mile.

0.071 

.083 

.095 

1.79 

2.82 

.472 

.121 

.115 

.131 

.089 

.080 

.076

.495

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.08 

.09 

.11 

2.00 

3.25 

.53 

.14 

.13 

.15 

.10 

.09 

.09

6.76

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

C.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.
UPPEB MISSISSIPPI EIVEB DRAINAGE BASIN. 123

CANNON RIVER AT WELCH, MINN.

Location. At highway bridge at Welch, just below a very small tributary and 3 

miles above the mouth of Belle Creek.

Records available. June 7,1909, to December 31,1912.

Drainage area. 1,290 square miles.

Gage. Chain, attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Winter flow. Ice is present from December to March, during which period measurements are made to determine the winter discharge.

Artificial control. The flow at the gaging station is regulated to a greater or less extent at each of the 11 developed power plants above. The flow ia also regulated 

by a dam at the outlet of Cannon Lake.

Maximum flow. In April, 1888, the high water reached the eaves of the wheelhouse at the mill, 20.1 feet above the datum of the present gage. It is said that 

this high water was not caused by ice gorging.

Accuracy. The angle which the current makes at the gaging station necessitates 

a correction, and, owing to the daily fluctuation of the river during low stage 

caused by artificial^ control, the records of flow can not be considered better than 

fair. On July 31, 1912, it was found by wye levels that the bridge, at the place 

were the gage is fastened, had settled 0.48 foot. Change has been considered 

gradual, but because of uncertainty the accuracy ratings in table of monthly discharge, January to July, are low.

' Discharge measurements of Cannon River at Welch, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

Feb. 5»

20o

Mar. 23

23

Hydrographer.

S. B. SouW. . ..........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

66.90

66.81

C6.62

C6.58

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

318

307

585

531

Date.

July 31

Oct. 23

Hydrographer.

W. G. Hoyt. ..........

W.G.Hoyt.... .......

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

C7.84

5.61

f, fifi

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

I

Ocn

01 o

O17

o Measurement made under complete ice cover.

fr Originally observed gage height reduced by 0.10 foot. See " Accuracy."

c Originally observed gage height reduced by 0.22 foot. See "Accuracy."

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cannon River at Welch, Minn., for 1912. 

[Esther J. Norell, observer.]

Day.

1.... ...........

2...............

3

»

5...............

6...............

7...............

8............... 

9...............

10...............

11...............

12............... is...........:...

14...............

15...............

Jan.

6.1

6.6

6.4

6.45

Feb.

6.7

6.8

6.8

6.9

Mar.

o6.9

o7.0

»6.9

o5.7

Apr.

9.3

8.8

8.5

8.1

7.6

7.7

7.9

7.8 

7.8

7 Q

7.7

7.7

7.5

7.6

8.0

May.

7.2

7.1

7.1

7.2

7.2

6.9

6.55

6.45 

6.35

6.45

6.8

6.5

6.25

5.65

6.0

June.

5.95

5.85

5.95

5.85

6.35

6.45

6.25

6.15 

6.0

5.95

5.75

5.65

5.75

5.7

5.8

July.

5.46

5.36

5.55

5.31

5.65

6.05

5.9

5.75 

5.65

5.65

5.6

5.8

5.9

6.2

6.05

Aug.

5.65

6.32

5.18

5.15

5.5

5.6

5.6

5.18 

5.12

5.5

5.45

5.55

5.6

5.7

5.7

Sept.

5.55

5.7

5.65

5.7

5.65

5.65

5.6

5.38 

5.6

5.65

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.65

5.42

Oct.

5.40

5.44

5.44

5.52

5.85.

5.01

5.09

5.5 

5.38

5.35

5.5

5.7

5.48

5.40

5.7

Nov.

5. 48

5.65

5.49

5.31

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.48 

5.55

5.38

5.6

5.6

5.65

5.5

5.65

Dec.

5.40

5.5

5.6

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.7

5.25 

5.40

5.65

5.8

5.75

5.5

5.65

5.30

o Gage height to top of ice.
124 StTEFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cannon River at Welch, Minn.} for 1912 Continued.

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

6.65

6.65

6.65

6.65

Feb.

6.8

16.95

o7.05,

06.8

Mar.

7.3

8.0

7.3

6.85

6.75

6.75

6.75

6.95

7.6

8.6

9.0

9.2

9.5

Apr.

8 0

7.6

7.4

7.2

7.0

7 o

Q Q

9

4

Q ft

8.4

8.4

8.0

. 7.8

7 3

7 9

May.

6.0

6.2

6.1

5.65

6.3

7.2

7.5

7 Q

7.1

7.0

6.9

6 q

6.3

6.2

6.1

6.0

June.

5 Q

5.75

5.65

5.65

5.65

5.75

5.43

5.03

5.33

5.65

5.48

5

QQ

5.13

5.28

5.18

July.

5.95

6. OS

6,05

5.9

5 O

5.85

5 Q

5.9

6 0

5

0

5.7

5.75

5.75

5.75

5

CX

5.6

Aug.

5.7

5.6

5.42

5.35

5.55

5 qi

5.65

5.65

C Q

5 Q

5.48

5.8

5.6

5.32

5.08

5.25

Sept.

5 net

5.55

5.45

5.41

5.41

5 48

5.22

5.25

5.65

5.36

5.41

E 07

5.6

5.21

5.06

Oct.

5.5 5 40

K OQ

5.41

E OQ

5.5

5.55

5.55

C OQ

5 J.1

5.41

5.30

5.5 5 44

5.48

5.5

Nov.

5.6

5.30

5.28

5.6

5.6

5 85'

5.42

c Qo

t\ AA

5.5

5.6

5.65

5.7

5.35

5.6

Dec.

5.7

5.65

5.55

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.45

5.5

5.20

5.30

5.55

5.5

5.25

5.20

5.40

o Gage height to top of ice.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Mar. 17; probably little if 

any backwater from ice during December. ,

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cannon River at Welch, Minn., for 1912.

Day.

1... ........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

10...........................

11.. ............ .............

12...........................

13...........................

14............-..:...........

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24........................... 25 . .... _ ............

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Mar.

903

1,100

I

QAft

onft

678

631

631

631

726

1,070

1,700

2,000

2,160

2,390

Apr.

2,230

1,850

1,630

1,370

1,070

1,120

1,240

1,180

1,180

1,240

1,120

1,120

1,010

1.070

1,380

1,300

1,070

956

851

7CA

QfV3

1,850

2

Q1 A

2 IWI

I

feftA

1,560

I

QAft

1,180

Qfft

oct

May.

851

800

800

851

851

701

542

4QQ

458

499

654

520

418

209

324

Q9J.

399

WI

209

438

SKI

1,110

903

QAA

trCA

701

701

438

400

<W1

June.

306

271

one

271

AKQ

4QQ

418 ?sn

324

306

238

209

238

223

254

288

238

209

209

209

" 238

154

Q1

132

OAO

165

109

96

122

104

July.

161

139

182

128

9ftQ

342

288

238

209

209

195

254

288

399

342

306

342

QA9

288

OQQ

9*71

288

OQQ

OQQ

254

223

OQQ

OQQ

OQQ

209

195

Aug.

209

446

104

OQ

170

195

105

104

<u

170

158

182

195

99*

99<l

223

195

1 f\O

136

fort

1OQ

209

OAQ

OQQ

OQQ

165

254

1QS

130

OQ

116

Sept.

182

223

209

223

20§

9flQ

195

143

195

20?

195

195

195

209

152

111

. 182

158

140

149

165

111

116

20fr

149

141

195

109

85

Oct.

147

156

156

175

971

78

90

170

143

136

170

223

165

147

223

170

147

145

149

199

170

182

182

143

1J.Q

1J.Q

126

170

156

165

170

Nov.

165

209

168

128

170

170

170

165

182

143

195

195

209

170

209

IQfi

126

122

195

195

209

152

143

165

170

195

209

223

136

195

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating table well denned. Mar. 19, discharge interpolated. 

Discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 17 and Dec. 1 to 31, estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, 

observer's records, climatologic records, and the discharge of Zumbro River, as follows: Jan. 1-31. 

275 second-feet, varying from about 250 to 300 second-feet; Feb. 1-29, 310 seoond-feet, varying from about 

300 to 320 second-feet; Mar. 1-17, 320 second-feet, varying ftom about 310 to 330 second-feet; Dec. 1-31, 

170 second-feet, varyingftom about 100 to 250 second-feet.
TJPPEE MISSISSIPPI RIVER DBAIKAGE BASIN. 125

Monthly discharge of Camion River <& Welch, Minn., for 191$. 

[Drainage area, 1,290 square miles.o]

Month.

February ........................ ^. ............................

April.......................... ................................

May...........................................................

July...........................................................5

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,390 

2r310 

1,010 

499 

399 

446 

223 

271 

223

2,390

Minimum.

759 

209 

81 

128 

88 

85 

78 

122

Mean.

275 

310 

718 

1,300 

579 

243 

254 

185 

170 

160 

176 

170

378

Accuracy.

D. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

C.

a Discharge in "second-feet per square mfle" and "run-off (depth in inches)" not published for thfe 

drainage area because of artificial control. See station description. 

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.

CHIPPEWA RIVER AT CHIPPEWA FALLS, WIS.

Location. At the highway bridge at Chippewa Falls, Wis., 2,500 feet below the 

mouth of Duncan Creek.

Records available. April, 1899, to December 31, 1912. The gage was originally 

established by the Chippewa Lumber & Boom o., which has kept a continuous 

record since 1899. Since 1904 the United States Weather Bureau has obtained 

gage heights during the flood season of each year. On June 1, 1906, the United 

States Geological Survey began making discharge measurements and obtained 

gage heights when no record was obtained by the Weather Bureau. The gage 

heights as published have been obtained from the following sources: United 

States Weather Bureau, March to September, 1905, 1907, 1908; April to July, 

1909; Chippewa Lumber & Boom Co., October 1 to December 31, 1911; United 

States Geological Survey. Gage read from January to June 1912 by Chippewa 

Lumber & Boom Co.; March to July, 1912, by U. S. Weather Bureau; December, 1912, by Chippewa Valley Railway, Light & Power Co. For the period 

March to June when there were two individual readings, the mean has been 

used.

Drainage area. 5,300 square miles.

Gage. Staff, painted on one of the cylindrical piera at right end of bridge; graduated to feet and inches, but readings published to feet and hundredths; datum 

unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side ot bridge.

Floods. Maximum stage, according to United States Weather Sureau, was 13.5 

feet September 16 and 17, 1903.

Winter flow. Ice forms about 2 feet in thickness and the winter flew is coB«idearably modified by backwater caused by ice below the sectien. On account «f 

the swift water and the proximity of the dam there is considerable open water 

at the gage.

Artificial control. When the electric light plant and s&wiaill afeeve <h« gage are 

in operation, diurnal fluctuation is caused at the gage. These fluctuations modify 

the flow markedly at times. The operation of small storage reservoirs at the 

headwaters also modifies the flow past the station.
126 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Accuracy. The accuracy is affected to a greater or less extent by the operation of 

the logging reservoirs and power plants and during the winter by ice, but the 

channel appears to be permanent, and an excellent rating curve has been developed from discharge measurements made during 1906-1909. As the station has 

not been visited since February 15, 1909, estimates of discharge are withheld 

until the discharge rating curve and the permanency of the gage are checked 

by additional measurements.

Cooperation. Gage heights during 1912 have been furnished through the courtesy 

of the Chippewa Lumber & Boom Co., United States Weather Bureau, and Chippewa Valley Railway, Light & Power Co.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls., Wis.,for 1912. 

\0r. W. Rand, observer.]

Day.

1. ............... ....................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27.............. .....................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Jan.

2.2

9 n

1.8

1.65

Feb.

1.6

1.5

1.5

h6

Mar.

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.8

1 8

1.8

2.0

1.8

2.0

2.0

2.2

Apr.

2.2

2.3

2.7

2.7

3.7

5.2

6.3

7.7

7.4

6.3

5.5

5.0

4 8

4.7

4.9

5.1

5.5

4.7

4.7

4.2

3.7

4.8

6.2

6.0

5.0

5.0

5.4

6.0

6.2

5.5

May.

4.8

4.3

4.0

4.5

7 9

9.4

9 4

8.1

7.0

5.8

5.0

4.2

3 0

3.4

3.1

3.0

2.8

3.0

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.8

8.0

9.1

7.2

5.6

4.7

7.2

8.0

7.2

6.0

June.

4 i

4.0

3.8

3.2

3.2

3.0

2

0

2.6

2.6

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.65

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.85

1 Q

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.45

1.35

1.25

1.0

July.

% o

a.o

1.0

1.4

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.9

.7

.7

.7

1.2

1.8

4.8

3.7

2.7

2.3

1.7

1.5

Dec.

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 1 to Apr. 3 and about Dec. 16 

to 31.

RED CEDAR RIVER AT CEDAR FALLS, WIS.

Location. At the highway bridge at the outskirts of Cedar Falls, Wis., 4J miles 

above the crossing of the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway.

Records available. April 1, 1909, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. Not measured.

Gage. Staff fastened to bridge pier; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. No discharge measurements have been made, and 

the station has not been visited since the gage was established.

Winter flow. Winters are severe in this locality, but the gage heights at the section 

do not appear to be much affected by ice, probably because of the rapids a short 

distance below the station, which ordinarily do not entirely freeze over.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 127

Artificial control. The operation of small storage reservoirs at the headwaters of 

the river, together with storage at power plants above the gaging station, modifies the flow to such an extent that it cannot be considered natural.

Cooperation. Gage heights furnished by the Chippewa Valley Light & Power Co.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis., for 1912. 

[OlafOas and Frank Wilkson, observers.]

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13.. ............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

«).... ...........

21.... ...... .....

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2 

2.2

Feb.

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

Mar.

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2 A

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.5

2 p.

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

3.2

4.1 

4.3

Apr.

A. f

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.9

4.0

4.0

3 7

3.55

3.25

3.15

3.0

9 Q

2.8

2.8

2.8

9 ft

2.8

2.8

2.8

3.1

t ^

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.2

May.

3.4

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.0

4 45

4.2

4 05

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.65

3.55

3

K

3 A

3,25

3

1

3 A

9 Q

2.8

2.8

3.0

3.8

4 4

4.2

4.0-

3.8

3.7

3.6 

3.5

June.

3 A

3

0

3

0

3

0

3

0

o 1

3 1

O A

O A

9 Q

2.8

9 fi

9 A.

2 4

9 A.

9 t\

2.6

9 7

2.8

2.95

3.2

3.25

3

-1

3 A

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.65

2.45

2.25

July.

2.1

2 1

9 ft

9 n

9 A

2 1

9 91

2.45

2 A

2

e

2.4

2 A

2 A

2.4

2 A

2

KR

2 f\

2 fi

2.45

2.25

2.2

2.2

2

O

2.45

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.6 

2.5

Aug.

9 £

2.4

2 4

9 A.

2

e

2 *

2.65

2

0

2

0

2

0

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

9 A.

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.8

3.0

3.1 

3.1

Sept.

3

O

3.4

3.65

3.65

3.45

3

oe

^ 1

3 A

3 A

3 A

2 Q

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

Oct.

9 A

2 a

2.6

2.6

2 a

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.7

2.8

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3 

2.3

Nor.

2.3

9 1

2 A

274

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2 4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.3

Dec.

2 2

2

0

2.3

2.3

2 A

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.4

2.3

2.35

2.4

2.4

2.4

o0.6

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.5

2.5

ol.6

2.5 

2.5

a Turbine in power house above gage shut down.

NOTE. No ice reported during 1912. The observer states that when the sawmill was in existence at 

Cedar Falls, considerable ice formed at the rapids and at the gage, but that since the new dam and power 

house have been built ice does not form at these points.

ZUMBEO EIVEE AT ZUMBEO TALLS, MINTST.

Location. At the highway bridge at Zumbro Falls about 8 miles below the mouth 

of the South Branch.

Records available. June 8, 1909, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 1,120 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage, attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Slightly shifting.

Discharge measurements. Made from bridge.

Winter flow. For a short time during and following an extremely cold period ice 

forms below the gage, causing backwater. The river is, however, fed by springs 

in the vicinity of the gage and the warmer water gradually wears away the ice. 

Daily gage heights are recorded during the winter, and from a close inspection of 

gage heights and temperature the necessary corrections are made to the discharge.

Maximum flow. The high water of June, 1908, is marked by a spike in a telegraph 

pole near the railroad station at Zumbro Falls. This is at an elevation of 26.7
128 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

feet above the datum of the gage. The high water of April, 1888, reached a stage 

approximately 29.7 feet, as shown by a mark not so well defined as that of the 

1908 flood.

Artificial control. The slight artificial control at the small power plants above 

Zumbro Falls is not observable at the gage.

Discharge measurements of Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn., i

Date.

Mar. 21«

30

30

Hydrographer.

C.J. Emerson...... _ .

W.G.Hoyt... .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.56

9.98

9.92

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,170

2.720

2,650

Date.

May 28

Aug. 15*

Hydrographer.

S. B.Soule1 .. ...........

W.G.Hoyt............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.37

5.07

Discharge.

Sec.-^t,

197

a Measured from bridge; open water. & Wading at 200 Jeet above bridge.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn., for 1912. 

[A. H. Sugg, observer.]

Day.

1...... .........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.35

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.35

5.35

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.35

5.3

5.3

5.25

5.25

5.25

5.25

5.2

5.2

5.2

Feb.

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.25

5.25

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.35

5.35

5.25

5.2

5.3

5.3

Mar.

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.25

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.15

5.3

5.2

5.25

5.4

6.9

9.8

9.1

7.6

6.7

6.8

7.0

6.8 '8.0

11.3

13.0

10.2

9.3

Apr.

9.4

7.8

7.4

7.4

7 9

9.2

8.5

7.6

7.2

7.0

6.8

6.7

6 Q

8.4

7 O

7.2

6.8

6.6

6.4

9

1

Q n

7.6

7 *>

6.8

6.6

6.45

6.3

6.2

May.

6.1

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.2

6.4

6.0

5.95

5.8

5.8

5.7

5.65

5.6

5.55

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.55

6.5

13.7

8.2

7.8

7.7

7.0

6.6

6.6

6.35

6.1

6.0

5 Q

June.

5.85

5.9

5.9

5.75

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.3

5.4

5.55

5.65

5.6

5.55

5.4

5.3

5.35

5.25

5.2

5.2

5.25

5.2

5.2

* 9

5.15

5.1

5.1

July.

5.4

5.5

5.35

5.7

5.95

5.85

5.6

5.4

5.4

5.25

5.55

5.6

5.8

5.75

5.6

5.55

5.5 

5.35

5.3

5.3

5.5

5.5

5.6

5.45

5.35

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.15

5.05

5.1

Aug.

5.05

5.1

5.0

5.1

5.1

5.15

5.0

5.9

5.6

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.1

5.15

5.15

5.05

5.15

5.05

5.6

5.6 ,

5.45

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.15

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.2

5.2

Sept.

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.0

4.99

4.99

5.05

4.98

5.1

5.0

5.05

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.05

5.1

5.05

5.1

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.98

4 95

4 OK :

4 no

4.94

Oct.

4.98

4.98

4.96

4.90

4.94

4.92

4.89

4.95

4.89

4 Q4

4.96

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.15

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.05

5.05

5.05

5.05

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.05

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

Nov.

5.0

4.99

5.0

4.99

4.99

4 Q5

4.99

4.96

4.99

4 08

4.98

5.0

5.15

5.35

5.4

5.25

5.2

5.15

5.2

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.05

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.05

5.0 ;

4.98

Dec.

5.1

5.1

5.0

5.05

5.1

5.15

4 OS

6.05

5.9

5.4

5.2

5.05

5.0

5.0

4 00

^.0

4 Oft

4.75

4.75

4.86

4 OS

5.0

4.96

4 92

'A tfl

4.95

4.85

4 99

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 1 to 31, and Dec. 4 to 15.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 129 

Daily discharge, in second feet, ofZumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn.,for 1912.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22........

23. .........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Feb.

232 009

oqo

232

232

232

232

232

232

232

232

232

232

232

232

244

244

256

256

256

256

256

256

269

269

244

232

256

Mar.

232 009

232

232

244

232

232

232

232

232

232

232

221

256

232

244

OQO

QQO

2,590

2,120

1,260

892

790

840

944

840

1,480

3 7ftfi

5,200

2,880

2,250

Apr.

2,320

1,850

1 380 i'i6o

1,160

1,430

2,180

1,760

1 260

l',050

944

840

790

892

1,700

1,430

840

742

652

696

2,120

2,060

1,260

1,050

840

742

674

608

566

May.

Kt)A

482

482

482

566

652

482

462

406

406

372

356

340

325

340

QJ.ft

340

325

696

5,860

3,180

1,600

1,380

I

qoA

QAA

742

742

630

524

482

442

June.

424

442

442

OftQ

079

340

«M A

282

282

282

282

256

282

325

356

340

325

282

256

9fiQ

244

232

232

244

232

232

232

991

210

210

July.

282 q-in

269

372

462

424

340

282

282

244

325

340

406

389

340

325

310

9fiQ

256

256

310

310

340

2%

269

256

256

232

221

200

210

Aug.

9ftfi

01 n

190

221

1QO

442

«?4A

256

232

232

210

221

221

200

221

200

340

14ft

296

282

256

232

221

210

210

210

232

232

Sept.

ooo

ooo

ooo

91 n

210

210

190

188

1OQ

200

Iftfi

190

200

ion

ion

ion

200

210

200

210

190

190

190

10ft

186

181

181

176

179

Oct.

186 1 Qrt

1 S2Q

179

176

170

181

170

179

183

200

232

232

232

991

<Y| A

210

200

200

200

200

190

190

-190

200

ion

190

190

190

Nov.

1 SB

190

188

188

181

188

183

188

186

186

IQfl

221

269

282

244

232

991

232

210

210

210

200

190

190

190

200

190

186

Dec.

210

01 A

1QA

190 ion

188

190

183

149

149

166

181

190

183

176

174

181

164

188

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating table well defined between 190 and 3,500 second-Jwt 

(gage heights 5.0 and 11.0 feet), and fairly well defined throughout the remainder of the range of stage covered by 1912 gage heights.

Discharge Apr. 2interpolated. Discharge Jan. 1 to 31 estimated, because of ice, from discharge of adjacent 

drainage areas as 90 per cent of open-water now for same gage heights. Mean discharge Dec. 4 to 15 estimated, 

because of ice, at 185 second-feet-.

Monthly discharge of Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn., for 191%. 

[Drainage area, 1,390 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

July.....................................

November. . ............................

December. ..............................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

269 

5,200 

2,320 

5,860 

442 

462 

442 

232 

232 

282

5,860

Minimum.

232 

221 

566 

325 

210 

200 

190 

176 

170 

181

Mean.

245 

242 

993 

1,200 

846 

294 

303 

241 

198 

195 

204 

183

429

Per 

square 

mile.

0.176 

.174 

.714 

.863 

.609 

.212 

.218 

.173 

.142 

.140 

.147 

.132

.309

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.20 

.19 

.82 

.96 

.70 

.24 

.25 

.20 

.16 

.16 

.16 

.15

4.19

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge. 

29804° WSP 325 14 9
130 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 19^2, PAET V.

SOUTH BRANCH OF ZUMBEO EIVEE NEAE ZUMBEO FALLS, MINN.

Location. At the Woodville bridge, 1J miles above the mouth of the river, in sec.

22, T. 109 N., R. 14 W., 6 miles below the mouth of the Middle Branch. 

Records available. June 16, 1911, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 821 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage, attached to bridge; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from highway bridge. 

Winter flows. The river freezes over in the vicinity of the gage following long cold

periods. The rapids below the gage, however, remain partly open so that the

backwater effect is small. Discharge measurements are made to aid in the winter

estimates. 

Artificial control. The small power plants above the station do not control the

flow to such an extent as to be noticeable at the gage.

Discharge measurements of South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn.,

in 1912.

Date.

Jan 26»

Mar 22b

30

Hydrographer.

W. G.Hovt.... ........

W.G.Hoyt... .........

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.20

3.28

6.36

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

141

633

2,930

Date.

Mar 30

May 28

Hydrographer.

W.G.Hoyt............

W.G.Hoyt............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.25

2.95

2.06

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,680

iQH

14O

o Complete ice cover; average thickness, 0.90 foot; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.00 foot.

6 At bridge section; open water.

e Wading measurement below bridge, 5 feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn.,

for 1912. 

[W. M. Whipple, observer.]

Day.

1.. ...... .......

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

1 ^

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.30

2.25

2.25

1.80

2.05

2.15

2.15

2.10

2.20

2.25

Feb.

2.00

2.10

2.00

2.10

2.15

2.00

2.5

2.5

3.4

2.25

2.35

2.30

2.35

2.30

2.15

2.20

2.20

.......

Mar.

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.15

2.10

2.15

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.15

2.31

2.32

2.30

3.0

3

1

2.20

3.8

4.8

4.9

3.8

3.4

3.2

3.0

3.05

3.0

4.9

7.3

8.8

6.2

5.4

Apr.

5.5

4.9

4.2

3.9

3 0

4.3

4.8

4.7

4.2

3.6

3.4

3

0

3.1

3.25

4.5

4.0

3.6

3.25

3 ft

2.9

3

C

5.2

4 Q

3.7

3.4

3.1

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.65

May.

2.6

2.55

2.6

2.6

2 9

2.8

9 fi

2.5

9 4.1

9 41

2.32

0 OQ

2.28

2.28

2.35

9 V\

2.29

2.29

9 fi

10.0

6.2

4.6

4.4

4.1

3.5

3.2

3

1

3.0

2.85

2.75

2.7

June.

9 fi

9 fi

2 AC

2.6

2.5

2.45

9 41

2

QQ

2.34

2.30

2.31

2 O1

2.29

2.38

2.44

2.41

2.39

2.34

2.29

9 94.

2.19

2.19

2.15

2.15

2.16

2.11

2.14

2.16

2.14

2.14

July.

2 10

2.36

2 ft

2.50

2.38

2 98

2 91

2.16

2.38

2

Q1

2.35

2.36

<> 9Q

2.32

2.30

2.24

2.18

2.39

2.36

2.36

2.32

2.16

2.21

2.16

2.19

2.14

2.01

2.14

Aug.

1.99

2.09

1.99

2.06

2.01

2.00

2.09

2.16

2.22

2.22

2.04

9 11

2.14

2.01

2.09

2.06

2.12

2.09

2.18

2.38

2.28

2.21

2.16

2.11

2.06

2.04

2.02

2.04

2.01

2.11

2.06

Sept.

2.11

2.06

2.04

2.04

2.06

2.01

2.01

2

QC

2.5

2.95

2.5

2.01

2.00

2.04

2.01

2.00

2.04

2.02

2.01

2.05

2.04

2.00

2.00

2.04

2.04

2.01

2.00

2.01

1.96

1.92

Oct.

1.96

1.96

1.99

1.94

1 Q4.

1.99

2.01

1 Qfi

1.99

1.99

1.96

2.06

2.19

2.14

2.09

2.08

2.09

2.06

2.01

2.01

2.04

2.01

2.01

2.01

1.98

1.99

2.00

1.99

2.01

1.99

1.96

Nov.

1.99

1.99

1.99

1.99

1 Qfi

1.94

1.96

1 Q4

1.96

1.94

1.94

1.99

2.08

2.19

2.14

2.14

2.09

2.04

2.05

2.06

2.01

2.01

2.04

2.01

1.99

1.99

1.99

2.01

1.96

2.00

Dec.

2.01

2.06

2.09

2.04

o m

2.04

2.04

1.99

2.01

2.01

2.02

1.94

1.91

1.96

1.99

1.96

1.99

1.96

1.99

1.95

1.82

1.91

1.94

1.92

1.96

1.91

1.94

1.89

1.84

1.86

1.91

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Feb. 21; probably no backwater at the gage from ice during December.
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 131

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls,

Minn., for 1912.

Day.

1..........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8........'..

9..........

10..........

11..........

12......:...

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Feb.

239

220

220

166

183

183

Mar.

183

183

183

183

166

148

166

183

183

183

166

994

228

220

505

550

183

900

1,510

1,580

900

690

595

505

528

505

1.580

3.850

5.610

2,700

1,960

Apr.

2,040

1,580

1,130

955 955"

1,190

1,510

1,130

790

690

roe

550

618

1,320

1,010

790

618

505

462

740

1 7Qfl

1,580

845

Aon

550

505

070

358

May.

337

317

337

337

462

420

337

297

262

262

228

91 q

91 q

213

239

224

216

216

337

7,110

2,700

1 ^Sft

1,070

740

595

505

441

OQQ

378

June.

337

337

358

337

297

278

262

254

235

220

224

994.

250

274

262

254

235

216

198

180 ion

166

166

169

152

169

162

162

July.

180

258

205

243

337

297

2£0

213

187

169

250

900

243

216

228

220

198

187

176

254 940

9,10

228

169

187

IftQ

180

1 ft9

118

162

Aug.

112

145

112

135

118

115

145

169

190

190

128

1 ^9

118

145

135

155

145

176

250

91 ^

1 Q7

169

152

1 ^Fi

128

199

128

118 ~\v>

135

Sept.

152

135

128

128

135

118

118

484

297

484

297

118

115

128

118

115

128

122

118

132

128

115

115

128

128

118

115

118

inq

on

Oct.

103

103

112

96

96

112

118

103

112

112

103

135

180

162

145

141

145

135

118

118

128

118

118

118

109

112

115

112

118

112

103

Nov.

112

112

112

112

103,

96

103

96

103

96

96

112

141

180

162

162

145

128

132

135

118

118

128

118

112

112

112

118

103

, 115

Dec.

118

135

145

128

118

128

128

112

118

118

122

 flfi

87

103

112

103

112

. 103

112

100

66

87

96

90

103

87

96

82

71

75

87

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well denned between 62 and 3,520 second-feet 

(gage heights 1.8 and 7.0 feet). Above discharge 3,520 second-feet (gage height 7.0 feet) the rating curve 

is an extension and is subject to an error of about 10 per cent at discharge 7,110 second-feet (gage height 10.0 

feet).

Discharge Jan. 1 to Feb. 21 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records, discharge measurements, 

observer's notes, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, as follows: Jan. 1 to 31,165 second-feet, varying from about 200 to 140 second-feet; Feb. 1 to 21,130 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 821 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May....................................

July....................................

The vear. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

239 

5,610 

2,040 

7,110 

358 

337 

250 

484 

180 

180 

145

7,110

Minimum.

148 

358 

213 

152 

118 

112 

90 

96 

96 

66

Mean.

165 

151 

879 

924 

729 

231 

214 

150 

158 

120 

120 

104

329

Per 

square 

mile.

0.201 

.184 

1.07 

1.13 

.888 

.281 

.261 

.183 

.192 

.146 

.146 

.127

.401

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.23 

.20 

1.23 

1.26 

1.02 

.31 

.30 

.21 

.21 

.17 

.16 

.15

5.45

Accuracy.

C. 

C.

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge. ' 

ROOT RIVER NEAR HOUSTON, MINN.

Location. At highway bridge 1 mile east of Hoiiston in sec. 34, T. 104 N., R. 6 W., 

1 mile above the mouth of South Root River, ordinarily a relatively insignificant stream, but during heavy rains overflowing its banks badly and flooding 

considerable area.
132 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Records available. May 28, 1909, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 1,560 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged.

Channel. Shifting; scouring .out during floods, and gradually filling in afterward; 

nearly permanent at low stages.

Discharge measurements. Made from bridge.

Winter flow. During the ice period of 1912 the readings were discontinued and the 

flow has been estimated from the flow of North Branch Root near Lanesboro, 

there being a well-defined open-water relation between these stations.

Artificial control. No dam below the station; nearest dam above is at Rushford. 

As the flow is ample at all times for the power generated at that point, it is not 

held back during certain portions of the day, and thus the dam has no appreciable influence on the gage heights at Houston.

Accuracy. The shifting channel renders it necessary to make more frequent measurements than at other stations, and the results based on them can probably not 

be considered better than fair or possibly good, except for low stages when the 

channel changes but little.

Discharge measurements of Root River near Houston, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

Mar. 31

Sept. 5

H y drographer.

S.B.Soule.. .............................................................

.....do...................................................................

tt.

Feet. - 

8.88

2.24

1.32

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5,930

650

3S3

Daily gage height, in feet, of Root River near Houston, Minn., for 1912. 

[Olaf Larson, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14............... 

15...............

16...............

17............... 

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26............... 

27............... 

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

.......

.......

Feb.

-------

.......

Mar.

2.6 

2.6

7.3

9,4

9.8

8.9

Apr.

8.9

7.5

5.9

5.1

5.0

5.1

5.7

5.6

4.5

3.9

3.3

3.2

3.5 

3.5

4.1

3.5 

3.1

2.9

2 7

2.6

O «

4.0

4.0

3.2

2.8 

2.6 

2.5

2.4

2.3

May.

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.3

2.6

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8 

1.8

1.7

1.7 

1.6

1.7

7.7

3.9

2.8

5.6

7.8

5.2

3.9 

3.4 

3.1

3.3

2.7

2.5

June.

2.5

3.8

3.0

2.7

2.5

2.3

2 2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1 Q

1.9

1.8 

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4 

1.4 

1.4

1.4

1.6

July.

1.5

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.8

8.0

6.1

3.2

3.1

2.7

2.4

2.2 

2.1

2.0

2.6

2.8

V 4.

2 7

2.3

2.0

1.9

1.8 

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

Aug.

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.6

3.0

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.5 

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4 

1.4 

1.3

1.3

1.6

1.5

Sept.

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.4 

1.5

1.4

1.4 

l.ff

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4 

1.4 

1.4

1.3

1.3

Oct.

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.8

1.9

1/8 

1.7

1.6

1.5 

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4 

1.4 

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

Nov.

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.6

1.5 

1.6

1.6

1.5 

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4 

1.4 

1.2

1.3

1.3

Dec.

1.4

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.3

1.4

2.8

......

......

......

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Mar. 25 and about Dec. 9 to 31.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 133 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Root River near Houston, Minn.,for 1912.

Day.

1...................

2..................

3...................

4............

5...................

6..................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11............ . ...

12...................

13............ . . .

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

n.. .................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Mar.

t

776

776

4,040

6,590

7,090

5,960

Apr.

5,960

4,270

2,660

2,050

1,980

2,050

2,500

2,420

1,660

1,330

1,180

1,050

1,010

1 "[Aft

I 140

1,440

1 '970 140

890

813

776

776

1,380

1,380

1,010

851

776

739

703

667

May.

632

598

598

667

776

632

598

566

537

537

537

509

509

509

509

482

482

456

482

4,510

1,330

851

2,420

4,630

2,120

1,330

1,100

970

1,050

813

739

June.

739

1,280

930

813

739

667

632

566

537

537

537

537

537

537

537

509

482

482

456

456

456

456

430

430

405

405

405

405

456

July.

430

509

537

509

456

430

456

405

509

4,870

2,840

1,180

1,010

970

813

703

632

598

566

776

851

703

813

667

566

537

509

509

482

456

456

Aug.

456

430

430

430

405

456

930

509

456

456

482

430

430

430

405

405

430

430

456

456

482

456

430

430

430

405

405

380

380

456

430

Sept.

430

405

405

405

405

456

405

405

380

456

430

405

380

405

430

405

405

430

456

456

430

430

405

405

405

405

405

. 405

380

380

Oct.

405

405

380

380

380

380

380

380

380

380

380

509

537

509

482

456

430

430

405

430

430

430

405

405

405

405

405

405

405

405

405

Nov.

405

405

405

405

405

405

405

405

405

380

405

405

456

430

456

456

430

405

405

405

405

430

405

405

405

405

405

356

380

380

Dec.

405

482

430

430

430

456

380

405

*

NOTE. Daily- discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve.

Discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 26 and Dec. 9 to 31 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records and 

open-water relation between flow of North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro and Houston, as follows: 

Jan. 1 to 13,485 second-feet; Feb. 1 to 29,400 second-feet; Mar. 1 to 25, 540 second-feet; Dec. 9 to 31, 285 

second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Root River near Houston, Minn.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 1,560 square miles.]

Month.

January. ................................

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

September ..............................

November ..............................

December...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

7,090

5,960 

4,630 

1,280 

4,870 

930 

' 456 

537 

456

7,090

Minimum.

667 

456 

405 

405 

380 

380 

380 

356

Mean.

485 

400 

1,250 

1,560 

1,050 

565 

831 

451 

413 

417 

408 

322

680

Per 

square 

mile.

0.311 

.256 

.801 

1.00 

.673 

.362 

.533 

.289 

.265 

.267 

.262 

.206

.436

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.36 

.28 

- .92 

1.12 

.78 

.40 

.61 

.33 

.30 

.31 

.29 

.24

5.94

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

D.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.

NORTH BRANCH OF ROOT RIVER NEAR LANESBORO, MINN.

Location. At the first highway bridge 1 mile above the junction of the North and 

South branches, in sec. 6, T. 103 N., R. 9 W., in Fillmore County, 2 miles 

north of Lanesboro and about 5 miles below a small creek that enters from the 

west.
134 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Records available. March 9, 1910, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 647 square miles.

Gage. Chain; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent. As there is more than 10 feet fall between the 

station and the mouth of the South Branch backwater from that stream is improbable. One thousand feet back from the right bank there is an old channel through 

which the river formerly flowed. At a stage of 6 feet the flow begins through this 

old channel. At extreme flood stage the right bank is overflowed for a width 

of one-fourth mile.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge. At extreme flood stages measurements can be made from the railroad bridge just above the junction with 

the South Branch.

Winter flow. From December to March the river is frozen over and current-meter 

measurements are made to determine the winter discharge.

Discharge measurements of North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

Jan. 24o

Feb. 166

Hydrographer.

W.G.Hoyt. ..........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.90

2.98

2.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

160

1U

313

Date.

Sept. 5

5

Hydrographer.

S. B. Soule... ..........

.....do.................

«

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.29

2.26

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

225

216

<* Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 1.12 feet; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.00 

foot.

& Complete ice cover; average thickness of ice, 1.10 feet; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.13 

foot.

Daily gage height, in feet, of North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn., for 1912.

[K. E. Hoium, observer.]

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20............... 

21...............

22.. .............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.7

2.8

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.7

.......

2.9

2.85

2.85

Feb.

2.9

2.9

2.95

3.15

3.1

2.9

2.6

2.40

2.40

Mar.

2.5

2.40

2.30

2.40

2.30

4.2

4.8 

3.2

3.05

3.1

2.95

2.85 

2.7

3.1

5.2

9.1

7.4

6.6

Apr.

6.0

4.8

4.0

3.8

1 Q

4.1

4.6

4.2

3.5

3.15

3.1

3.05 

3.0

3.05

3.75

3.5

3.05

2.9

2.75

2.7 

2.7

3.4

4.4

3.4

3.0

2.8

2.75

2.65

2.6

2.6

May.

2.5

2.42

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.42

2.39

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.32 

2.32

2.29

2.30

2.29

2.28

2.28

2.30

4.8 

2.65

2.6

7.3

5.2

3.6 

3.1

2.9

2.85

2.8

2.6

2.5

June.

2.65

2.95

2.8

2.65

2.6

2.48

2.38

2.28

2.26

2.25

2.20

2.20 

2.25

2.30

2.24

2.20

2.20

2.18

2.18

2.18 

2.18

2.18

2.18

2.12

2.12 

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.10

July.

2.21

2.29

2.28

2.34

2.25

2.26

2.30

2.20

2.22

4.0

2.9

2.85 

2.7

2.75

2.6

2.45

2.30

2.34

2.22

2.30 

2.61

2.42

2.42

2.30

2.20 

2.28

2.12

2.12

2.20

2.20

2.10

Aug.

2.10

2.06

2.10

2.12

2.16

2.20

2.20

2.18

2.12

2.10

2.10

2.10 

2.06

2.00

2.00

2.08

2.10

2.18

2.24

2.28 

2.32

2:35

2.28

2.11

2.02 

'2.00

2.00

2.00

2.02

2.18

2.15

Sept.

2.12

2.08

2.02

2.06

2.38

2.18

2.10

2.10

2.05

2.05

2.00

2.00 

2.12

2.14

2.15

2.08

2.12

2.22

2.34

2.28 

2.14

2.15

2.06

2.00

2.08 

2.05

2.06

2.08

2.08

2.02

Oct.

2.06

2.08

2.08

2.05

2.04

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.02

2.02

2.05

2.18 

2.5

2.30

2.20

2.16

2.12

2.12

2.15

2.15 

2.19

2.21

2.10

2.05

2.05 

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.05

Nov.

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.02

2.02

2.00

2.02

2.02

2.02

2.09 

2.18

2.14

2.15

2.15

2.15

2.19

2.28

2.22

2.15

2.12

2.11 

2.11

2.09

2.05

2.05

2.00

Dec.

2.05

2.10

2.08

2 05

2.15

2.20

2.16

2.12

2.08

2.05

2.06

2.06 

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.06

2.02

1.98

1.98

1.9

NOTE. Eolation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Mar. 25 and about Dec. 9 

to 31.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 135

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn.,

for 1912.

Bay.

1...................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

g

10...................

11...................

12...................

10

14...................

15...................

16...................

1 H

19 '

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Mar.

376

587

2,480

5,200

4,140

Apr.

3,400

2,040

1,250

1,080

1,160

1,340

1,830

1,430

850

617

587

558

530

558

1,040

850

558

400

376

376

770

1,620

779

530

425

400

352

329

329

May.

284

250

329

306

284

284

250

238

222

222

222

211

211

199

203

199

196

196

203

2,040

352

329

5,090

2,520

970

629

514

487

461

362

316

June.

386

541

461

386

362

306

263

222

215

211

192

192

211

230

207

192

192

185

185

185

185

185

185

164

164

157

157

157

157

157

July.

196

226

222

246

211

215

230

192

199

1,310

514

487

410

435

362

293

230

246

1QQ

230

367

280

280

230

192

222

164

164

192

192

157

Aug.

157

144

157

164

178

192

192

185

164

157

157

157

144

125

125

150

157

185

207

222

238

250

222

160

131

125

125

125

131

185

174

Sept.

164

150

131

144

263

185

157

157

141

141

125

125

164

171

174

150

164

199

246

222

171

174

144

125

150

141

144

150

150

131

Oct.

144

150

150

141

137

141

141

141

131

131

141

185

316

230

192

178

164

1fi4

174

174

189

196

157

141

141

141

141

141

141

141

141

Nov.

141

141

141

141

141

131

131

125

131

131

131

154

185

171

174

174

174

189

199

250

222

199

174

164

160

160

154

141

141

125

Dec.

141

157

150

141

174

192

178

164

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from rating well-defined curves. Rating table applied indirectly 

May 23,24,25 and new table used subsequent to May 26. Discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 25 and Dec. 9 to 31 

estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records, discharge measurements, and gage heights, as follows: 

Jan. 1 to 30,180 second-feet, varying from abont 230 to 150 second-feet; Feb. 1 to 29,150 second-feet, varying 

from about 150 to 180 second-feet; Mar. 1 to 25,200 second-feet, varying from about 180 to 400 second-ieet; 

Dec. 9 to 31,120 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 647 square miles.]

Month.

January .................................

February. ..............................

March.

April.. ..................................

May....................................

June. ...................................

July....................................

August. ................................

September ..............................

October. ................................

The year ..........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

7,640

3,400 

5,090 

541 

1,310 

250 

263 

316 

250 

192

7,640

Minimum.

329 

196 

157 

157 

125 

125 

131 

125

Mean.

180 

150 

820 

895 

599 

233 

293 

167 

162 

161 

160 

131

330

Per 

square 

mile.

0.278 

.232 

1.27 

1.38 

.926 

.360 

.453 

.258 

.251 

.249 

.247 

.202

.510

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.32 

.25 

1.46 

1.54 

1.07 

.40 

.52 

.30 

.28 

.29 

.28 

.23

6.94

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.
136 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET V.

WISCONSIN EIVEE NEAE EHINELANDEB, WIS.

Ijocation. At the highway bridge about 400 feet below Forbes & Wixson's power 

plant, about 8 miles southwest of Ehinelander, Wis., in sec. 27, T. 3.6 N., R. 8 E., 

8 miles below the mouth of Pelican River.

Itecords available. December 1, 1905, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. Not measured.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge to which gage 

is attached.

Winter flow. The winters are severe, but little if any ice forms at the gage.

Artificial control. The natural flow of the stream is much modified by the operation of power plants and by storage above the station.

Accuracy. The fluctuation of the load on the turbines may affect discharge measurements, but it is thought that the records give the flow at the section accurately. As the station was last visited in July, 1908, estimates of discharge are withheld until the discharge rating curve and the permanency of the gage datum are 

checked.

Cooperation. Gage heights furnished by the Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wisconsin River near Rhinelander, Wis.,for 1912. 

.[G. N. Kramer, observer.]

Day.

1.... ...........

2... ............

3...............

5. .............

6...............

7. ..............

8...............

JO......--.---.-.

11...............

12...............

13..:............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19............... 

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

2ft_.... ..........

3 ...............

31.. .............

Jan.

3.4

3.5

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

2.9

3.3

3.5

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.8

3.2

3.7

3.6

3.8

3.7

3.8 

3.8

2.7

3.6

3.7

3.5

3.2

. 3.2

3.3

3.0

3.3

3.2

3.2

Feb.

^ 1

3.0

3.1

3.0

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9

4.0

4.1

3.8

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.8

3 7

3.5

3.2

3.7 

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.8

3.9

3.8

3 0

3.9

3.7

3.4

.......

Mar.

^ ^

3.4

2.8

3.5

3.1

3.1

3.4

3.3

3.2

2.5

2.8

3.0

3.1

3.0

3 A

3

1

1.9

3.2

3.0 

3.1

2.8

2.7

2 0

1.8

3.1

2.8

2.9

3.8

3.4

*> 7

2.0

Apr.

2 9

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.9

4.2

4.5

4.0

A O

4.4

4.3

4.5

3.5

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.2

3.9 

3.7

3.7

3.8

1 7

3.5

i ^

3.4

3.4

3 A

4.4

A O

May.

3 A

3.4

3.2

3.6

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.3

3 4

3.7

3.7

3

n

3.2

3.5

3 4

3 1

3.5

3 A

3.0 

3.3

3 A

3.2

3 A

3.5

3 7

3.5

3.4

3 A

3.7.

3.8

3.7

June.

4.0

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.7

3.5

3 A

3.4

3

n

3.1

3.3

3.3

3.4

2.9

2 Q

2.2

3 O

3.1

3.4 

2.9

3.1

3.2

1.8

3.2

8.4

3.1

3.0

3

1

2.9

2.0

July.

3.3

3.1

3.1

2.4

3.2

3.4

1.9

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.1

1.8

1 9

3 A

3.3

3.1

3.1 

3.4

2.0

3.0 <? n

3.2

3 A

3 A

3.6

3

1

3.7

3 A

3.5

Aug.

3.4

3.5

3.7

3.0

3.5

3.7

4.2

4.6

5.2

5.7

6.0

5.6

5.7

5.4

a. 2

5.3

5.2

3.0

4.9 

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.4

3.2

4.2

4.5

4.6

4.4

4.4

4.4

Sept.

3.1

4.7

5.3

5.1

5.4

5.7

5.2

4.6

5.1

4.8

4.6

4.7

4.6

4.6

3.0

3.9

3.6

3.6

3.1 

3.1

3.3

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.4

3.4

3.1

3.1

2.7

3.3

Oct.

3.3

3.4

3.0

3.2

3.5

2.4

3.1

3.5

3.6

3.1

3.1

3.5

2.1

3.3

3.5

3.2

3.3

3.1

3.5

2.7

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.3

2.6

3.3

3.5

3.2

3.4

N07.

3.2

3.4

2.7

3.4

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.5

3.4

2.9

3.3

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.2

2.8

3.4

3.4 

3.4

3.3

3.5

3.3

2.7

3.3

3.3

3.4

- 3.2

3.2

3.0

Dec.

2.0

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.3

3.6

3.4

2.4

3.3

3.5

3.1

3.2

3.4

3.4

2.1

3.4

3

O

^ ^

3.1

3 1

3.0

2.7 *> o

2.7

2.8

2..6

2.9

*> Q

2 7

2

K

2.6

Nora. Ice along shore at gage Jan. 1 to Mar. 23 and Dec. 6 to 31.
TJPPEB MISSISSIPPI RIVEB DRAINAGE BASIN. 137

WISCONSIN RIVER AT MERRILL, WIS.

Location. At highway bridge at east end of Merrill, Wis., one-half mile below the 

mouth of Prairie River.

Records available. November 17, 1902, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 2,630 square miles.

Gage. Standard gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent; current swift.

Discharge measurements. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

Winter flow. Winters are severe but the swift current prevents the river from 

freezing across at the gage. Relation between gage height and discharge is, however, affected by backwater at times, caused by ice at or below the gage.

Artificial control. The flow is affected by operation of power plants above the 

station and by storage.

Accuracy. During the logging season gage heights are affected by backwater caused 

by log jams. Except as the gage readings may be affected by conditions above 

noted, the records are reliable and accurate. As this station has not been visited 

since February, 1909, estimates of discharge are withheld until the discharge 

rating curve and the permanency of the gage datum are checked.

Cooperation. Gage heights furnished by the Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis.,for 1912. 

[A. F. Luck, observer.]

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

6.2

5.0

5.2

5.6

5.4

5.8

5.8

6.0

5.8

5.7

5.5

5.5

5.6

5.6

5.4

5.3

5.6

5.4

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.5

5.6

5.6

5.3

5.4

5.4

Feb.

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.3

5.6

5.5

5.6

5.8

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.2

5.4

5.4

5.3

5.1

5.5

5.4

Mar.

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.2

4.9

5.2

5.1

5.1

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.1

4.6

5.1

5.0

4.8

4.6

4.8

4.6

4.8

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.9

4.7

4.6

5.0

4.8

5.4

5.0

4.6

Apr.

4.0

5.6

5.7

6.2

6.6

7.8

8.2

8.6

8.2

7.9

8.0

7.8

7.8

7.4

7.7

7.8

7.5

7.4

7.0

7.0

7.0

7.8

8.3

8.4

7.6

7.2

7.6

7.5

7.4

7.2

May.

7.0

7.0

6.6

6.8

7.7

7.6

7.5 7 <;

7.1

6.6

6.6

6.7

6.4

5.6

6.6

6.9

5.7

6.0

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.7

7.8

8.3

7.9

7.2

7.7

8.1

8.2

7.8

7.6

June.

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.4

6.4

6.2

6.2

5.6

4.6

5.1

5.4

4.9

5.1

5.1

4.8

5.3

4.6

5.3

5.3

4.9

5.2

5.0

5.1

5.2

5.3

4.6

4.4

5.2

July.

3.8

3.75

5.0

4.9

4.6

4.45

4.6

4.6

4.4

4.8

5.0

5.0

4.8

4.6

4.45

4.45

4.8

4.6

4.7

4.2

4.6

4.4

5.2

13.6

10.2

8.4

7.4

6.4

5.8

5.6

5.4

Aug.

5.4

5.1

4.5

4.5

4.4

4.8

5.4

6.0

6.8

9.1

9.7

Q ft

8.8

7.6

- 7.4

6.8

7.0

6.8

6.8

7.0

6.8

6.5

6.4

6.3

6.2

5.6

6.2

6.0

6.0

6.4

6.6

Sept.

11.5

12.5

7.6

9.2

8.0

8.0

7.6

7.4

7.1

6.5

6.2

6.1

6.0

6.2

6.2

6.1

6.1

5.9

6.0

5.8

5.9

6.1

5.6

5.4

5.6

5.8

5.2

5.2

4.8

5.4

Oct.

5.3

5.35

5.5

5.3

5.1

5.45

5.5

5.3

5.6

5.6

5.45

5.45

6.35

6.6

6.2

5.95

6.0

6.0

6.1

5.85

5.45

5.15

5.4

5.45

5.4

5.1

5.2

5.1

5.3

5.05

5.0

Nov.

5.1

4.95'

4.65

5.0

5.05

5.4

4.95

4.95

4.9

5.05

4.95

5.0

5.65

5.3

5.25

5.35

5.25

4.8

5.15

4.95

5.15

5.15

5.1

5.05

4.9

5.05

5.0

4.95

5.05

5.1

Dee.

5.55

5.65

5.55

6.15

6.35

5.95

5.8

5.65

5.65

5.55

5.8

5.2

5.55

5.6

5.35

5.3

5.55

5.6

5.25

5.05

5.3

5.15

5.0

5.25

5.2

5.0

4.75

4.95

4.6

4.8

5.15

NOTE. Observer made no report concerning ice. Relation of gage height to discharge probably not 

affected by ice during 1912.
138 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PAST V.

WISCONSIN RIVER NEAR NECEDAH, WIS.

Location. At the highway bridge about 3 miles east of Necedah, Wis., on the road 

from Necedah to Strongs Prairie, 5 miles above the mouth of Big Roche a Cri 

Creek.

Records available. December 2, 1902, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. About 5,800 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge. As the gage has not been checked 

with level since February, 1909, the present datum may be slightly in error.

Discharge measurements. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

Channel. Shifts during floods.

Winter flow. Ice forms from 1 to 2 feet in thickness, lasts about three months, and 

modifies the relation between gage height and discharge.

Accuracy. As the station was last visited in February, 1909, estimates of discharge 

are withheld from publication.

Cooperation. Gage-height records are furnished by the Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wisconsin River near Necedah, Wis., for 1912. 

[Michael Coughlin, observer.]

Day.

I...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

8.3

8.3

7.8

10.6

Feb.

7.6

7.5

7.6

7.4

Mar.

7.4

7.2

7.1

7.2

6.9

Apr.

7.2

8.0

8.1

8.4

8.8

9.7

10.1

10.8

11.6

12.2

11.8

10.8

10.1

9.9

9.6

9.4

9.8

9.8

9.5

9.5

8.6

8.5

8.5

10.0.

11.1

11.2

11.2

9.7

10.0

10.2

May.

9 8

Q 0

8.8

8.4

8.2

8.1

8.9

9 7

10.0

9.6

8.9

8.4

8.2

8.6

8.4

8.0

7.9

8.2

8.1,

8.0

8.3

8.1

8.6

9.2

9.7

10.0

9 Q

9.5

9.7

10.8

11.5

June.

11.0

10.0

Q ft

8.7

8.2

8.0

7.7

7.3

7.3

6.6

7.0

6.9

6.1

6.4

6.1

6.3

5.7

6.4

5.8

5.9

6.0

6.0

5.6

5.2

5.9

5.5

5.7

5.6

5.7

5.8

July.

5.8

5.6

5.2

5.4

5.2

5.8

4.9

5.6

5.6

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.5

6.0

5.5

5.6

6.2

6.1

6.0

5.8

5.8

5.6

5.0

6.9

10.1

13.6

14.4

14.6

12.7

9.9

8.7

Aug.

8.2

7.7

7.4

7.1

6.8

6.8

6.7

6.4

6.3

7.2

8.7

10.2

11.8

12.8

12.7

11.6

10.0

9.3

8.9

9.1

9.2

9.1

8.8

8.5

8.0

8.0

7.5

7.3

7.9

8.1

8.4

Sept.

8.8

9.4

11.0

13.6

15.7

15.0

13.6

12.6

11.7

10.4

9.4

9.2

8.6

8.3

7.9

7.8

7.5

7.6

7.4

7.6

7.5

7.5

7.3

7.2

7.1

7.0

6.9

6.8

6.8

6.6

Oct.

. 6.8

6.6

6.4

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.1

6.4

6.2

6.4

6.2

6.4

6.5

6.4

7.6

7.6

7.4

7.3

7.1

6.8

6.4

6.6

6.5

6.2

6.3

6.4

6.4

6.2

6.3

6.2

6.0

Nov.

6.0

5.9

6.0

5.8

5.9

5.4

6.0

5.8

5.9

5.8

5.6

5.9

6.0

5.9

6.2

6.3

6.2

6.0

6.2

6.1

5.9

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.3

6.2

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.6

Dec.

5.5

5.6

6.2

6.4

7.1

7.7

7.9

8.0

6.8

6.5

6.8

8.0

8.5

8.7

8.8

8.4

8.5

8.6

8.3

8.4

8.5

7.4

8.3

8.1

7.9

8.0

7.7

7.5

7.6

7.5

7.8

NOTE. Jan. 6 to Mar. 23, ice 1 to 2 feet thick. Mar. 30. river clear of ice. During December river completely frozen over, with ice of insufficient thickness to nold a person. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 1 to Mar. 29 and Dec. 2 to 31.

WAPSIPINICON RIVER AT STONE CITY, IOWA.

Location. At the highway bridge at Stone City, Iowa, a short distance above the 

Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway bridge, about 4 miles above the mouth 

of Buffalo Creek.

Records available. August.19, 1903, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 1,310 square miles.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 139

Gage. Chain, attached to bridge. On December 4, 1906, repairs to the bridge 

resulted in raising the gage box. Gage heights from that date to January 13,1910, 

when the change was determined, have been corrected. Corrected gage heights 

for 1907,1908, and 1909 were published in Water-Supply Paper 265.

Channel. Slightly shifting, as indicated by discharge measurements in 1912.

Discharge measurements. Made from upstream side of bridge.

Artificial control. During the year there has been a power plant installed at Center City, about 20 miles above the station which may possibly cause some diurnal 

fluctuation at the gage.

Winter flow. The relation between gage height and discharge is affected by heavy 

ice during December, January, February, and a portion of March. Ice forms 

from 1 to 2 feet in thickness.

Cooperation. Gage heights furnished by Frank Dearborn, of Stone City, Iowa.

Discharge measurements of Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa, in 1912.

Date.

May 4

Hydrographer.

J.B.HilL. ...............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.72

2

QC

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

514

198

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa, for 1912. 

[Frank Dearborn, observer.]

Day.

2.. ...... .......

3...............

4.. .............

5...............

ft...............

7.. .............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14............... 

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

10

OA

91

22...............

23...............

24............... 

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 01

Jan.

3.7

3.2

3.1

3.15

Feb.

3.2

3.6

3.55

3.5

.......

4.4

Mar.

o4.8

o4.2

<*3.9

6.2

o 8.7 

8.2

8.2

8.2

8.5

9.0

13.9

13.6

Apr.

14.1

14.9

13.4

11.8

10.9

10.0

9.2

8.3

7.5

7.5

6.9

6.5

6.4

8.3 

7.0

6.6

6.4

5.8

5.6

5.1

5.0

4.8

4.7

4.9 

4.5

4.1

4.1

3.8

3.55

3.9

May.

4.1

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.6

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.45

3.3

3.65

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.45

3.45

3.45

3.5

3.45

3.65

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.35 

3.25

3.35

3.35

4.2

3.7

3.4

3.4

June.

3.3

3.35

3.35

3.3

3.2

3.3

3.15

3.1

3.45

3.05

2.98

2.95

3.1

3.2 

3.05

3.0

2.93

2.92

2.90

2.87

2.95

2.97

2.97

2.92 

2.85

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.88

2.70

July.

2.62

2.78

2.70

2.85

2.82

2.88

2.58

2.62

2.82

2.72

2.85

2.85

2.78

2.63 

2.55

2.72

2.72

2.68

2.65

2.65

2.88

2.53

2.45

2.90 

2.85

2.72

2.75

2.75

2.82

2.80

3.05

Aug.

3.0

2.88

2.75

2.80

2.72

2.85

2.80

2.85

2.87

2.87

2.60

2.62

2.84

2.42 

2.40

2.40

2.42

2.50

7.1

6.7

6.1

5.2

4.5

4.3 

4.1

3.9

3.7

3.75

3.65

3.4

3.45

Sept.

3.35

3.35

3.2

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.95

3.0

3.05

3.3

3.15

2.95

3.1 

3.0

3.0

2.85

3.0

3.2

3.35

3.6

3.55

3.45

3.4

3.35

3.25

3.15

3.25

3.3

3.2

Oct.

3.2

3.25

3.1

3.05

3.0

2.88

2.96

2.85

3.3

3.65

3.9

3.75

4.15

3.95 

3.65

3.35

3.45

3.3

3.3

3.25

3.3

3.25

3.1

3.2 

3.15

3.0

3.1

2.98

3.15

3.0

3.1

Nov.

3.05

3.0

3.05

3.25

3.05

3.0

3.0

2.90

3.0

2.98

3.0

2.96

3.B

3.5 

3.45

3.5

3.35

3.15

3.05

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0 

3.0

2.98

2.95

2.98

3.0

3.9

Dec.

3.3

3.1

3.1

3.1

2.72

2.94

3.2

3.2

3.15

3.2

3.2

3.15

3.1

3.1

3.1

......

3.1

NOTE.

o Gage height to top of ice. 

-Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Mar. 30, and about Dee. 7 to 31,
140 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa, for 191%.

Day.

1. .............. ... .

2...........................

3...........................

4................ . . .....

5. .:........................

6................ ... . . ..

7........................... 8................:.......... 9. ...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13.... ........................

14..........

15...................... . ..

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22.................... . ....

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Apr.

9,300

10 400

8,320

6,340

5,430

4,640

4,000

3,320

2,730

2

7QA

2,320

2 fififi

9 ono

3,320

2,380

2,120

O Ofift

1 640

1 540

1,260

1,200

1,100

1 040

1 1 %f\

oan

710

710

560

442

610

May.

710

710

610

560

465

510

465

420

398

00 C

488

660

560

465

^IQR

OQQ

OQQ

420

OQQ

488

465

420

Q7C

oee

315

355

oee

765

510

375

O7C

June.

335

355

355

335

295

335

275

255

398

238

014

205

255

295

238

220

199

196

190

182

205

211

911

196

177

190

190

190

185

138

July.

119

159

138

177

169

185

110

119

169

143

177

177

159

121

103

143

143

133 '126

126

185

99

83

190

177

143

151

151

169

164

238

Aug.

220

185

151

164

143

177

164

177

182

182

114

119

174

78

74

74

78

92

2,450

2,180

1,820

1,320

930

820

710

610

510

535

488

375

398

Sept.

355

355

295

420

375

375

420

635

220

238

335

275

205

255

220

220

177

220

295

355

465

442

. 398

375

355

315

275

315

335

295

Oct.

295

315

255

238

220

185

208

177

335

488

610

535

738

635

488

355

398

335

335

315

335

315

255

295

275

220

255

214

275

220

255

Nov.

238

220

238

315

238

220

220

190

220

214

220

208

335

420

398

420

355

275

238

255

255

220

220

220

220

214

205

214

220

610

Dec.

335

255

255

255

143

202

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined. Daily discharge Jan. 1 to 

Mar. 30, and Dec. 7 to Dec. 31; estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records discharge of adjacent 

drainage areas and observer's reports, as follows: Jan. 1 to 31,200 second-feet, varying from about 250 to 150 

second-feet; Feb. 1 to 29,150 second-feet; Mar 1 to 30,990 second-feet, varying from about 200 to 8,000 secondfeet; Dec. 7 to 31,170 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa, for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 1,310 square miles.]

Month.

January. ................................

March.... ...............................

April....................................

May....................................

July....................................

September. .. ...........................

October. ........................... ....

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

10,400 

765 

398 

238 

2,450 

635 

738 

610

10,400

Minimum.

442 

315 

138 

83 

. 74 

177 

177 

190

Mean.

200 

150 

990 

2,880 

468 

242 

150 

506 

327 

335 

268 

184

556

Per

square 

mile.

0.153 

.115 

.756 

2.20 

.357 

.185 

.115 

.386 

.250 

.256 

.205 

.140

.424

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.18 

.12 

.87 

2.46 

.41 

.21 

.13 

.44 

.28 

.30 

.23 

.16

5.79

Accuracy.

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 141

ROCK RIVER BELOW MOUTH OP PECATONICA RIVER, AT ROCKTON, ILL.

Location. At highway bridge 1 mile below dam and three-fourths of a mile below 

mouth of Pecatonica River.

Records available. June 28, 1903, to July 20, 1906; October 1, 1906, to March 31, 

1909. (A discharge measurement was made May 13, 1903.)

Drainage area. 6,290 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to downstream side of first span from left end 

of bridge. Datum raised 1.0 foot October 1,1906, so that gage readings since that 

date are 1.0 foot less than they would have been by the former datum.

Control. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from upstream side of 5-span bridge.

Floods. The highest recorded stage during the period when the gage was in operation was 13.23 feet, in 1904. No other flood records available.

Winter flow. Discharge relation affected by ice.

Regulation. Low-water flow modified by operation of dam and power plant.

Diversions. Some water-diverted for small power plants.

Accuracy. Amount of change in datum on October 1, 1906, only approximately 

known; estimates since that date liable to some error, probably small. Data 

were published in Water-Supply Paper 305 as originally recomputed for the 1911 

report of the River and Lakes Commission of the State of Illinois. Tables of 

monthly discharge in Water-Supply Paper 305 are erroneous. Corrected tables are 

published in this report and in report of Rivers and Lakes Commission for 1911.

Monthly discharge of Rock River, below mouth of Pecatonica River, at Rockton, III., for

1903-1909. 

[Drainage area, 6,290 square miles.]

Month.

1903. 

July...........................................

October .......................................

December .....................................

1904.

April..........................................

May...........................................

June. ..........................................

July...........................................

September. ....................................

The year. ...............................

1905.

March ... . . . ..

May...........................................

July...........................................

October .......................................

December .....................................

The year.... ............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

12,000 

5,760 

9,020 

9,020 

3,530

27,100

20,600 

6,600 

4,010 

2,100 

3,030 

4,960 

5,550 

2,320

27,100

22,500

19,300 

12,300 

7,540 

5,150 

3,360 

4,310 

5,150 

3,110 

5,760

22,500

Minimum.

2,100 

3,030 

3,870 

3,030 

2,100

5,820 

4,200 

1,620 

1,160 

950 

1,560 

2,180 

1,690

4,770 

3,530 

4,960 

2,550 

2,030 

1,820 

1,320 

2,100 

1,820

Mean.

5,630 

4,270 

5,600 

4,820 

2,810 

2,150

1,560 

1,630 

14,300 

10,800 

5,420 

2,510 

1,660 

1,550 

2,420 

3,130 

1,930 

1,850

4,070

2,170 

1,780 

12,700 

10,100 

6,770 

6,490 

3,970 

2,620 

2,720 

2,490 

2,550 

2,800

4,780

Per 

square 

mile.

0.895 

.679 

.890 

.766 

.447 

.342

.248 

.259 

2.27 

1.72 

.862 

.399 

.264 

.246 

.385 

.498 

.307 

.294

.647

.345 

.283 

2.02 

1.61 

1.08 

1.03 

.631 

.417 

.432 

.396 

.405 

.445

.760

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.03 

.78 

.99 

.88 

.50 

.39

.29 

.28 

2.62 

1.92 

.99 

.45 

.30 

.28 

.43 

.57 

.34 

.34

8.81

.40 

.29 

2.33 

1.80 

1.24 

1.15 

.73 

.48 

.48 

.46 

.45 

.51

10.32
142 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Rock River, below mouth of Pecatonica River, at Rockton, Ill.,for1903-1909 Continued.

Month.

1906.

July 1-20 ......................................

December. ......:.............................

1907.

May...........................................

July...........................................

November. ....................................

1908.

April..........................................

June...........................................

July...........................................

The year ................................

- 1909.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

18,100

21,900 

15,800 

4,860 

3.360 

3,360 

2,400 

6,400 

5,060

10,600 

12,300 

5,760 

8,270 

11, 100 

5,550 

9,900 

9,400 

3,360

15,800 

10,400 

11,900 

8,900 

6,400 

2,480 

1,620 

1,720 

2,400 

2,790

15,800

12,200

Minimum.

2,630

5,150 

4,980 

2,630 

1,820 

1,820 

1,380 

1,560 

2,030

3,360 

4,580 

2,550 

3,360 

2,870 

2,870 

1,760 

2,710 

2,030

6,440 

4,580 

7,070 

3,280 

2,070 

1,500 

1,380 

1,380 

1,320 

1,560

5,450

Mean.

9,610 

9,900 

12,500 

9,160 

3,650 

2,380 

2,410 

1,720 

2,630 

3,320

6,940 

6,510 

4,820 

7,420 

4,020 

5,230 

5,960 

3,980 

4,490 

4,460 

2,600

2,330 

6,620 

10,900 

6,720 

9,090 

6,410 

3,530 

1,810 

1,470 

1,510 

1,720 

2,110

4,510

4,010 

7,510 

8,590

Per 

square 

mile.

1.53 

1.57 

1.99 

1.46 

.580 

.378 

.383 

.273 

.418 

.528

1.10 

1.03 

.766 

1.18 

.639 

.831 

.948 

.633 

.714 

.709 

.413

.370 

1.05 

1.73 

1.07 

1.45 

1.02 

.561 

.288 

.234 

.240 

.273 

.335

.717

.638 

1.19 

1.37

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.76 

1.64 

2.29 

1.63 

.67 

.42 

.28 

.31 

.47 

.61

1.14

.42 

.88 

1.32 

.74 

.93 

1.09 

.73 

.80 

.82 

.46

.43 

1.13 

1.99 

1.19 

1.67 

1.14 

.65 

.33 

.26 

.28 

.30 

.39

9.76

.74 

1.24 

1.58

IOWA RIVER NEAR IOWA FALLS, IOWA.

Location. About 1. mile above Iowa Falls and 2 miles below the Northwestern

Railway bridge.

Becords available. August 5, 1911, to December 31, 1912. 

Gage. Vertical staff fastened to a maple tree on the left bank of the river. 

Channel. Rock bottom permanent. 

Discharge measurements. Made at low water by wading in the vicinity of the

gage at other stages made from bridge.

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge is affected by ice. 

Artificial control. There is a dam 7 miles above the gage at Alden, which is used

occasionally. It is thought that the flow at the gage is the natural flow of the

stream. / 

Accuracy. Sufficient discharge data have not been obtai aed to permit estimates of

flow.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

Discharge measurements of Iowa River near Iowa Falls, Iowa, in 191%.

Date.

Nov. 7

7

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.61

.61

Discharge. 

Sec.-ft. 

28.1

30.2

NOTE. Measurements made by wading.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Iowa River near Iowa Falls, Iowa, for 

[Albert Kulas, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4 ..............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8-............--

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

0.90

.88

.80

.85

.70

.72

.70

.71

.79

.78

.69

.69

.62

.61

.65

.62

.61

.70

.74

.70

.75

.68

.68

.80

.78

80

.75

.70

.61

.64

.70

Feb.

0.76

.68

.74

.60

.60

.75

.84

.80

.74

.65

.70

.65

.68

.76

.71

.70

.76

.80

.78

.78

.84

.75

.85

1.02

1.01

.99

.91

.90

.91

.......

Mar.

1.01

1.01

1.10

1.18

1.20

1.20

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.14

1.10

1.15

1.11

1.20

.91

1.15

1.12

1.22

1.84

1.95

1.74

1.70

1.61

1.55

2.55

3.0

3.9

4.3

olO.O

«10.5

5.2

Apr.

4.6

4.0

3.4

2.75

2.4

2.2

2.0

1.85

1.65

1.50

1.42

1.36

1.30

1.90

2.15

1.85

1.65

1.49

1.35

1.30

1.38

1.65

1.69

1.66

1.55

1.39

1.28

1.32

1.30

1.30

May.

1.22

1.16

1.14

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.09

1.09

1.08

1.08

1.35

2.1

1.65

1.49

1.40

1.30

1.25

1.19

1.12

1.10

1.06

1.01

1.00

.94

.90

.95

1.70

2.2

2.1

1.74

1.50

June.

1.50

1.42

1.28

1.20

1.12

1.10

^1.06

1.00

.96

.90

.89

.86

1.12

1.22

1.48

1.24

1.18

1.10

1.02

.99

.92

.90

.89

.86

.82

.80

.78

.78

.75

.75

July.

0.82

.92

.88

.85

.85

.78

.76

.79

.78

.79

.79

.90

.88

.88

.78

.74

.70

.70

.80

1.01

1.12

1.10

1.01

.94

.85

.85

.75

.72

.70

.70

.66

Aug.

0.65

.64

.61

.60

.60

.60

.60

.66

.65

.66

.71

.90

.86

.88

.80

.78

.75

.75

.79

.82

.82

.82

.79

.78

.75

.71

.72

.69

.68

.66

.65

Sept.

0.64

.80

.79

.74

.69

.69

.65

.68

.68

.79

.66

.58

.71

.72

.61

.76

.70

.58

.78

.72

.64

.69

.74

.69

.62

.62

.68

.72

.58

.74

Oct.

0.56

.72

.60

.60

.62

.62

.62

.72

.65

.71

.78

.72

1.05

1.00

1.00

.94

.89

.84

.80

.81

.90

1.05

1.00

.98

.98

.94

.90

.90

.88

.88

.85

No

0

....

5

6

;5'?,

.?,

 ?,

«

0

6

8

?,

9

1

?,

4

?,

5

?,

<6

?,

1

4

8

5

?,

9

16

?,

m

8

Dec.

0.85

.85

.74

.88

.98

1.00

1.00

.94

.95

.80

.82

.80

.85

.85

.86

.90

.88

.89

.90

.90

.92

.94

.91

.92

.90

.90

.92

.95

.92

.95

.99

143

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice Jan. 1 to Mar. 28, and Dec. 8 to 

Dec. 31. Gage observer reported that ice broke at 1.30 p. m. Mar. 28. forming a gorge one- lalf mile 

below the gage, backing up the ice and water so as to make it impossible to reach the gage unti I Mar. 30. 

Gage height Mar. 29 and 30 estimated by observer.

CEDAR RIVER NEAR AUSTIN, MINN.

Location. Just below the dam .of the Red Cedar Mill, 2 miles below Austin in sec.

15, T. 102 N., R. 18 W.

Records available. May 29, 1909, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 425 square miles. 

Gage. May 29, 1909, to May 1, 1912, staff gage located in the tail race. May 2,

1912, to December 31, 1912, chain gage located on bridge a short distance below

the power house. 

Winter flow. The relation between stage and discharge is somewhat affected by

ice. The discharge during the period of ice is estimated from discharge measureme.nts.
144 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PAET V.

Artificial control. Immediately above the station is the water power plant known 

as Red Cedar Mill. During the low-water season the water is drawn down below 

the crest of the dam by the end of the 10 or 12 hour run, and after the turbine is 

closed the water is held back for several hours before it has risen sufficiently to 

flow over the crest. Consequently, the stage of the river changes considerably 

during each 24 hours. In order to get a mean gage height, the gage is read five 

times daily as follows: Before the turbine is started in the morning, one hour 

after starting, at noon, just before shutting down at night, and one-half hour 

later. It is believed that the monthly mean discharge represents very nearly 

the natural flow.

Accuracy. Owing to the slightly shifting channel and fluctuations caused by 

power house, records are only fair.

Discharge measurements on Cedar River near Austin, Minn., in 1912. 

[Referred to staff gage.]

Date.

Feb. 17 o

17

Hydrographer.

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.01

4.87

4.86

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

107

131

131

Date.

30

May 16

Hydrographer.

.....do..................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

12.32

5.06

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,000

4,060

182

a Made from bridge and ice. Partial ice cover. Open at gage. 

6 First measurement after installation of chain gage.

[Referred to chain gage.]

Date.

Sept. 66

66

Hydrographer.

S. B. Soule" ...............................................................

.....do.....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.03

2.11

2.11

Discharge,

Sec.-ft. 

1827.8-

7.1

o First measurement after installation of chain gage.

6 About 200 feet above gage by wading. Flow being held back by dam.

Daily gage height, in feet, at staff gage on Cedar River near Austin, Minn., for 1912.

[J. C. King, observer.]

Day.

1.......

2.......

3.......

4.......

5.......

6.......

7.......

8.......

9.......

10.......

11.......

12.......

13.......

14.......

15.......

Jan.

4.15

4.55

4.5

4.45

3.75

4.85

4.10

4.6

4.7

4.5

4.6

4.45

4.85

4.10

4.8

Feb.

3.60

4.75

4.5

3.70

4.65

4.6

3.65

4.6

4.5

4.35

3.75

4.55

4.5

3.80

4.55

Mar.

3.75

4.45

3.60

4.40

4.35

4.30

3.55

4.35

4.35

3.65

4.30

4.35

4.30

3.60

4.30

Apr.

8.4

7.5

6.6

6.1

6.1

6.6

7.5

6.5

5.7

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.4

7.4

7.6

May.

4.95

Day.

16.......

17.......

18.......

19.......

20.......

21.......

22.......

23.......

24.......

25.......

26.......

27.......

28.......

29.......

30.......

31.......

Jan.

4.95

4.85

4.65

4.5

4.65

3.65

4.25

4.6

4.6

4.45

4.35

4.35

3.70

4.35

4.5

4.55

Feb.

3.70

4.55

3.80

4.30

4.45

4.15

4.40

4.30

4.35

3.75

4.35

4.40

3.65

4.40

Mar.

4.25

3.65

4.5

5.15

5.55

5 1%

5.2

5.1

4 QK

5.0

5

{\K

7.8

12.6

11 9

9 3

8.8

Apr.

6.3

5.7

5.5

5.25

5.0

6.0

8.8

7.4

5.9

5.4

5.3

5.3

4.95

5.1

5.05

May.

NOTE. Jan. 6, observer reported backwater from ice.
UPPEB MISSISSIPPI EIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cedar River near Austin, Minn., for 191%.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

5. ..............

6...............

7...............

8...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

Jan.

63

132

111

102

26

35

44

111

122

84

92

70

132

34

111

Feb.

9

76

CO

12

70

63

12

70

58

44

16

70

63

18

76

Mar.

11

64

6

58

53

48

5

53

53

7.5

48

53

48

6

AR

Apr.

1,660

1,200

770

565

565

770

1,200

727

408

332

295

259

295

1,150

1,250

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26. . .......... ..;

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

144

111

76

52

70

11

31

58

52

40

34

34

10

34

48

52

Feb.

16

77

13

48

64

35

58

48

53

11

53

58

7.5

58

Mar.

44

7.5

70

210

351

351

225

194

154

166

180

1,350

4,180

3,720

2,150

1,880

Apr.

645

408

332

242

166

525

1,880

1,150

486

295

259

259

154

194

180

145

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating table well defined between 84 and 4,440 second-f set (gage 

heights 4.6 and 13.0 feet). Rating table applied indirectly Jan. 1 to Feb. 16. Jan. 6, discharge intc rpolated 

because of backwater from ice.

Daily gage height at chain gage, in feet, of Cedar River near Austin, Minn., for .

[J. C. King, observer.]

Day.

1....................................

2....................................

4....................................

5... .................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13..........:.........................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

May.

2.8

2.8

2.75

2.85

2.8

2.8

2.75

2.65

2.65

2.5

2.65

2.65

2.65

2.65

2.55

2.6

2.45

2.6

2.6

2.6

4.5

4.6

3.65

3.25

3.25

3.15

2.95

2.75

2.75

June.

2.7

2.7

2

a

2.6

2.65

2.65

2.65

2.6

2.5

2.15

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.65

2.55

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.5

2.7

2.0

2.8

2 1

2 4

2.55

July.

2.44

2.62

2.18

2.69

2 22

2.51

2.53

2.41

2.08

6.9

5.6

4.65

4.65

4.10

3.90

3.65

3.40

3.25

3.15

3.30

3.50

3.50

3.30

3.15

3.00

2.97

2.62

2.87

2.49

2.92

2.64

Aug.

2.53

2.70

2.42

2.81

2.61

2.39

2.47

2.22

2.47

2.71

2.56

2.44

2.67

2.59

2.23

2.76

2.61

2.74

2.64

2.68

2.65

2.60

2.19

2.86

2.34

Sept.

2 11

2.20

2.39

2.73

2.22

2.67

2.69

2.58

2.52

2.50

2.47

2.48

2.57

2.54

2.48

2.54

2.36

2.36

2.41

2 23

1.95

2.62

1.99

2.04

2.10

Oct.

2,11

2 47

2.47

2.48

2.49

2.33

2.37

2.42

2.44

2.42

2.52

2.60

2.43

2.69

2.59

2.53

2.51

2.51

2.46

2.32

2.55

2.56

2.49

2.45

2.49

2.44

2.36

2.42

2.44

2.42

2.47

Nov.

2.45

2.46

2.33

2.40

2.42

2.48

2.43

2.46

2.44

2 31

2.38

2.52

2.66

2.65

2.66

2.64

2.48

2.58

2.56

2.56

2.57

2.48

2.50

2.33

2.53

2.52

2.54

2.37

2.52

2.58

Dec.

2.43

2.36

2

QA

2.42

2.42

2.34

2.34

2.30

2.47

2.42

2.23

2.27

2 24

2.21

2.08

2.35

2.47

2.44

2.41

2 27

2.20

2.00

2.39

2.26

2.11

2.35

2.30

2.22

1.97

2.25

2.37

NOTE. No record obtained Aug. 27 to Sept. 5 because chain gage was removed in making repairs to 

bridge. Dec. 9 and 10, increase in gage height probably due to ice.

29804° WSP 325 14 10
146 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cedar River near Austin, Minn.,for 1912. 

[From chain gage record.]

Day.

1....... .............................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

May.

«154

125

112

125

112

138

1OK

125

112

88

88

56

88

88

88

88

66

76

48

76

76

76

618

652

353

24f

241

163

112

112

June.

100

100

76

76

88

88

QQ

76<;fi

11

76

76

76

76

88

66

100

88

76

76

76

76

Af\

56

100

4.5

125

6.7

40

66

July.

46

81

13

98

17

58

62

42

6.3

1,800

1,070

670

670

490

428

353

282

241

215

254

310

310

254

215

176

168

81

142

54

155

86

Aug.

62

100

43

128

78

38

51

17

51

102

68

83

46

93

74

18

115

78

110

86

95

88

76

14

140

31

29

27

24

22

20

Sept.

18

16

14

12

10

7.5

15

38

108

17

93

98

72

60

56

51

53

70

64

53

64

34

34

42

18

4.0

81

5.4

6.7

Oct.

7.5

51

51

53

54

30

36

43

46

43

60

76

45

98

74

62

58

58

50

28

66

68

54

48

54

46

34

43

46

43

51

Nov.

48

50

30

40

43

53

AR

50

46

26

37fin

90

88

90

86

53

72

68

68

70

53

<;«

30

62

60

64

36

. 60

72

Dec.

45

34

34

43

43

31

01

25

23

21

18

oo

19

16

6.3

32

51

46

42

22

15

4 ^

38-

21

7.5

32

25

17

4.2

20

36

o From staff gage record.

NOTE. Daily discharge Aug. 27 to Sept. 5 and Dec. 9 and 10 interpolated. Daily discharge computed 

from a rating curve fairly well defined between 6.7 and 1,020 second-feet (gage heights 2.1 and 5.5 feet). 

Four discharge measurements made during 1913 (before the preparation of this report) were used to determine this rating curve.

Monthly discharge of Cedar River near Austin, Minn., for 1912.a 

[Drainage area, 425 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

July....................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

144 

77 

4,180 

1,880 

652 

125 

1,800 

140 

108 

98 

90 

51

4,180

MJTntnirm,

10 

7.5 

5 

154 

48 

4.5 

6.3 

14 

4.0 

7.5 

26 

4.2

4.2

Mean.

68.6 

45.1 

509 

621 

156 

71.6 

285 

64.7 

40.6 

50.9 

56.9 

26.6

»167

Per 

square 

mile.

0.161 

.106 

1.20 

1.46 

.367 

.168 

.671 

.152 

.096 

.120 

.134 

.063

.393

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.19 

.11 

1.38 

1.63 

.42 

.19 

.77 

.18 

.11 

.14 

.15 

.07

5.34

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

C.

o January, February, March, and April from staff gage records; remainder from chain gage records.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVEE DBAHSTAGE BASIN. 147

CEDAE RIVER AT CEDAR EAPIDS, IOWA.

Location. In the central part of Cedar Rapids, below the dam and between the electric railroad bridge and the Seventh Avenue combination railroad and foot bridge.

Records available. October 26, 1902, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 6,320 square miles.

Gage. An inclined staff gage reading from 0 to 15 feet, fastened to posts driven in 

the right bank of the river in the rear of the Iowa Windmill & Pump Co.'s plant.

Channel. Rock and gravel; clean of vegetation and nearly permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the upstream side of the First Avenue 

bridge.

Artificial control. A dam and power plant above the station may modify the 

flow to some extent during low stage of the river.

Winter flow. The gage is located where the current is swift and ice seldom forms 

across the river for the entire width. The relation therefore between the gage 

and the discharge is affected only slightly by ice.

Discharge measurements of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, in 1912.

Date.

May 21 Nov. 8

Hydrographer.

J. B.Hill.................................................................

S.B.Soule.. .............................................................

height.

Feet. 

4.25

3.01

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,910

01 ft

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for 1912.

Day.

1...............

2............... 

3...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.6

3.7

3.6

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.6

Feb.

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.5

3.3

3.6

3.6

3.9

3.7

4.6

4.9

4.6

4.5

4. ft

0 Q

Mar.

3.8

3.9 

3.9

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.8

3.7

3.9

3.8

4.0

4.0

4.4

5.1

5.5

5.7

6.7

6.3

6.5

6.1

5.9

6.5

8.3

9.5

11.1

15.7

Apr.

17.2

16.3 

12.9

10.7

8.9

7.5

6.7

6.1

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.3

5.1

5.1

5.0

5.3

5.9

5.5

5.2

5.0

4.6

4 7

4.5

5.0

S

O

5.1

. 4.8

4.6

4.5

May.

4.4

4.3 

4.3

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.2

4.0

4.1

3.9

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.9

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.1

4.2

4.2

4 1

3

0

3.8

3.7

4.0

3.9

4.3

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.9

June.

3.7

3.8 

3.6

3.7

3.6

3.7

3.5

3.6

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.3

3.5

3.5

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.4

3.2

3.3

3.2

 * 9

3.1

3.2

3.0

3.1

July.

3.0

3.1 

3.0

3.1

3.0

3.1

3.0

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.9

3.1

3.0

3.2

3.2

3.5

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.3

3.4

3.2

Aug.

3.1

3.2 

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.1

3.0

3.1

3.1

3.3

3.1

3.2

3.0

3.1

3.0

3.2

3.1

3.8

4.2

S Q

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.5

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.4

Sept.

3.2

3.3 

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.2

3.3

3.2

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.2

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.3

3.2

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.2

Oct.

3.1

3.2 

3.1

3.2

3.1

3.2

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.3

3.1

3.2

3.1

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.1

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.0

Nov.

3.1

3.0 

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.9

3.2

3.0

3.1

2.9

3.0

2.9

3.1

3.2

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.0

3.1

3.0

3.1

2.9

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.9

2.9

3.0

2.9

Dec.

3.0

2.9 * i

2

Q

2 Q

0 7

2

Q

2

Q

2 Q

3 A

3.1

3 A

1 1

3.2

2.8

2.7

2

0

2.8

2.9

2.8

2 Q

2.8

9 Q

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.9

2.8

3.0

2.9

3.1

NOTE. Ice was reported at the gage Jan. 1 to Feb. 23, but the effect on the relation of gage height to discharge was probably small.
148 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V..

Daily discharge, in second-fed, of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for

Day.

1..., .........

2.............

3.............

4.............

5.............

6.............

7.............

8.............

9.............

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

15.............

16.............

17.............

18.............

19.............

20.............

21.............

22.............

23.............

24.............

25.............

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30.............

31.............

Jan.

al,850

2,070

a2,150

a2,230

2,320

o2,200

2,070

o2,330

2,590

o2,590

02,590

2,590

02,500

o2,410

2,320

o2,230

a 2, 150

2,070

o2,470

2,870

«2,730

2,590

o2,500

o2,410

2,320

02,320

2,320

o2,230

o2,150

2,070

ol,850

Feb.

1,630

ol,700

« 1,770

1,840

ol,770

ol,700

1,630

ol,700

o 1, 770

1,840

ol,710

ol,580

1,440

ol,570

2,070

o2,070

2,070

o2,470

2,870

o2,600

2,320

o3,240

o4,160

5,090

6,120

5,090

4,760

3,170

2,870

Mar.

I o f\on

2,870

2,870

3 170

2 590

O CQA

O OOA

O Q7A

9 ftoft

2,590

o OOA

2 590

2 OOA

O C7A

2,590

s ivn

3,170

4 430

6^820

8 OCA

8,970 19 7nn

11,200

12,000

10 400

9 710 12' ooo

19,000

23,700

30,000 40 onn

Apr.

KA inn

CA flAA

37,200 OQ CAA

91 Af)f\

1 1\ finn

19 7fiO

10,400

9 340

8^970

8,610

7,530

7,530

6,820

6,820

6,470

7 530

9' 710

8

OW1

7,170

6,470

5,090

5,430

4,760

6,470

7,170

6,820

5,770

5,090

4,760

May.

4 430

4,110

4,110

3,480

3 480

3,170

3 7Qfl

3,170

3,480

2,870

3,170

3,170

3,170

2

Q7A

3,480

3,170

3

JQA

3,480

3

7QA

3

7QA

3 480

2,590

2 con

2,320

3 17ft

2,870

4,110

3,170

2,870

2,590

2,870

June.

2,320

2,590

2,070

2,320

2,070

2,320

1 840

2,070

1,630

1,840

1,630

1,630

1,260

1,840

1,840

1,440

1,630

1 440

1,630

1,440

1,630

1,260

1,440

1,260

1,260

1,100

1,260

950

1,100

July.

950

1,100

950

1,100

950

1,100

950

1,100

950

. 950

810

1,100

950

1,260

1,260

1,840

2,320

2,070

1,630

1,840

1,840

2,320

2,070

2,070

1,840

2,070

1,840

1,840

1,440

1,630

1,260

Aug.

1,100

1,260

1,260

1,100

1,100

1,100

950

1,100

1,100

1,440

1,100

1,260

950

1,100

950

1,260

1,100

2,590

3,790

2,870

2,070

2,070

1,340

1 840

1,630

1,840

1,440

1,440

1,440

1,630

Sept.

1,260

1,440

1,260

1,440

1,440

1,630

1,260

1,440

1,260

1,440

1,260

1,260

1,100

1,260

1,260

1,440

1,260

1,630

1,440

1,440

1,260

1,440

1,260

1,440

1,260

1,260

1,100

1,260

1,260

1,260

Oct.

1,100

1,260

1,100

1,260

1,100

1,260

1,100

1,260

1,260

1,840

1,630

1,630

1,440

1 9Gf\

1,440

1,100

1,260

1,100

1,260

1,100

1,100

950

1,100

1,100

1,260

1,100

1,260

1,100

1,100

950

Nov.

1,100

950

1,100

950

950

810

1,260

950

1,100

810

950

810

1,100

1,260

1,630

1,260

1,260

950

1,100

950

1,100

810

950

810

810

690

810

810

950

810

Dec.

950

810

1,100

690

810

580

690

690

950

1,100

950

1,100

1,260

690

580

690

690

810

690

810

690

810

580

690

580

810

690

950

810

1,100

o Daily discharge interpolated.

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well denned between 600 and 36,000 second-feet. 

Open-channel rating table applied throughout entire year. Values in January and February should be 

used with caution. See footnote to table of daily gage neight.

Monthly discharge of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 6,320 square miles.]

Month.

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,870 

6,120 

48,200 

54,100 

4,430 

2,590 

2,320 

3,790 

1,630 

1,840 

1,630 

1,260

54,100

Minimum.

1,850 

1,440 

2,320 

4,760 

2,320 

950 

810 

950 

1,100 

950 

690 

580

580

Mean.

2,330 

2,570 

8,500 

12,800 

3,300 

1,650 

1,460 

1,510 

1,330 

1,230 

993 

812

3,200

Per

square 

mile.

0.369 

.407 

1.34 

2.03 

.522 

.261 

.231 

.239 

.210 

.195 

.157 

.128

.506

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.43 

.44 

1.54 

2.26 

.60 

.29 

.27 

.28 

.23 

.22 

.18 

.15

6.89

Accuracy.

i

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

o Error due to possible effect of ice during January and February not known. Use discharge values 

with due caution.

DES MOINES RIVEE AT JACKSON, MINN.

Location. At highway bridge one-half mile below the dam at Jackson, 100 yards

above the nearest tributary, a small stream entering from the west. 

Records available. May 31, 1909, to December 5, 1912.
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI BIVEB DRAINAGE BASIN. 149

Drainage area. 1,160 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged.

Channel. Shifting during periods of high water; probably permanent during low 

water.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge and by wading.

Winter flow. Observations are discontinued from December to March because of 

ice.

Artificial control. At the dam one-half mile above the station there is a power 

plant that develops 35 horsepower under a head of 6J feet. The plant is operated only six hours a day on the average, but the morning and evening gage 

heights thus far obtained do not show any appreciable change in -the stage of the 

river in the low-water season, owing to water being held back after the turbines 

have been shut down.

Discharge measurements of Des Moines River at Jackson, Minn., in 1912. 

[S. B. Soulfi, hydrographer.]

Date.

May 2.......................

2......................

Sept. 7a ......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.26

4.24

2.86

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

211

200

5.1

Date.

TO......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.86

2.86

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4.6

5.4

o Measurement made by wading at section about 200 feet below gage. 

NOTE. Zero flow determined to be at gage height 1.8 feet, Sept. 7,1912.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Des Moines River at Jackson, Minn., for 

[Albert Strobel, observer.]

Day.

1...........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6.... .......................

8...........................

9

10...........................

11...........................

19

10

14...........................

15...........................

16..........................:

17...........................

18...........................

19

20.. ...

ia.. .........................

22...........................

9Q

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

97

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Apr.

5.0

5.1

5.5

5.0

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.45

4.4

4.5

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.3

5.0

5.0

4.8

4.6

4.5

4.6

4.5

4.45

4.4

4

0

May.

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.15

4.15

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.05

4.0

4.05

3.95

S Q

3.9

3.9

3.85

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.75

3.75

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.65

3.6

3.5

3.65

3.55

s f.

3.5

June.

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.4

3.35

3.3

3.25

3.2

3.15

3.0

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.15

3.15

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.88

2.98

2 96

2.85

2

0A

July.

2.80

2.79

2.88

3.0

3.0

2.92

2.95

3.0

2.91

2.98

s n

2.95

2.86

2.82

2.78

2.78

2.78

2.88

2.96

2.90

2.84

2.82

2.78

2.75

2.74

9 79

9 79

2

7C

2.75

Aug.

2.72

2.72

2.72

2.72

2.75

2.76

2.82

4.1

3.3

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.96

2.92

2.91

2.89

2.90

2.90

3.6

3.2

3.15

3.0

2.98

2.92

2.90

2.88

2.84

2.81

2.80

2.89

Sept

2.90

2.95

2.95

2.94

2.90

2.88

2.85

2.85

2.85

2.85

2.85

2.85

2.85

2.85

2.82

2.80

2.81

2.85

2.85

2.85

2.84

2.85

2.82

2.79

2.81

2.81

2.82

2.82

2.86

2.86

Oct.

2.80

2.80

2.78

2.75

2.76

2.76

2.75

9 7H

2.91

3.25

3.1

3.05

3.0

2.98

2.94

3.0

3.3

3.10

2.99

2.92

2.89

2.85

2.85

2.82

2.80

2.81

2.80

2.80

2.80

2.79

2.78

Nov.

2.78

2.95

2.95

2.90

2.91

2.91

2.91

2.89

2.88

2.89

2.90

2.95

9 Q8

3.0

2.96

2.95

2.95

2.92

2.96

2.96

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.96

2.88

3.0

3.1

3.0

2.98

2.98

Dec.

3.0

2.98

2.89

2.81

2.80
150 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Des Moines River at Jackson, Minn., for 191%.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20.. .................. .......

21...........................

22...........................

23. ..........................

24...........................

25. ..........................

26.. .........................

27. ..........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Apr.

oco

385

479

oco

OQA

296

275

275

t)KA

254

244

00,1

254

9QA

1 296

97 1\

234

004

214

362

QCO

317

275

254

275

254

234

214

May.

*>1i

195

195

186 1 oc

IQ*

195

176

158

167

149

140

idn

140

132

123

123

123

116

116

108

108

94

101

94

go

101

87

sn

80

June.

OA

66

54

66

60

KA

48

42

36

18

49

^n

30

9A

36

36

24

30

24

18

1 18

18

18

18

8.2

16

14

7

5

July.

4.9

8 9

18 to

11

14

18

9.9

16

18

14

7.4

5.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

8.2

14

9

6.6

5.8

4.8

4.5

4.4

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.5

Aug.

i 9

4.2

d. 9

4.2 -A K

4.6

5.8

176

54

30

18

18

14

11

9.9

8.6

9

9

94

42

36

18

16

11

8.2

6.6

1 4

5

8.2

8.6

Sept.

9

14

14

13

g

8.2

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

5.8

5

5.4

7

7

7

6.6

7

5.8

4.9

5.4

5.4

5.8

5.8

7.4

7.4

Oct.

5

5

i fi

4.5

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.5

9.9

48

in

24

18

16

13

18

54

30

17

11

8.6

7.0

7.0

5.8

5.0

5.4

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.9

4.8

Nov.

4.8

14

14

9.0

9 Q

9.9

9.9

8.6

8.2

8.6

o n

14

16

18

14

14

14

11

14

14

9.0

9.0

9.0

14

8.2

18

30

18

16

16

Dec.

18

16

8.6

5.4

5.0

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a fairly well defined rating curve.

Monthly discharge of Des Moines River at Jackson, Minn., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 1,160 square miles.]

Month.

April...................................

May....................................

July. ..............................

August. ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

479 

214 

80 

18 

176 

14 

54 

30

Minimum.

214 

80 

5 

4.2 

4.2 

4.9 

4.5 

4.8

Mean.

285 

138 

31.7 

8.59 

21.2 

7.40 

12.6 

12.7

Per 

square 

mile.

0.246 

.119 

.027 

.0074 

.018 

.0064 

.011 

.011

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches 

on 

drainage 

area).

0.27 

.14 

.03 

.009 

.02 

.007 

.01 

.01

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C.

DES MOINES RIVER NEAR FORT DODGE, IOWA.

Location. At the upper highway bridge 1 mile upstream from Fort Dodge and just 

above the Illinois Central Railroad bridge, about 1 mile above the old Swede 

Town bridge at which the station was maintained during 1905-1906. The original bridge has been torn down and the new structure about 15 feet higher, which 

has been put in its place, was found to be unsuited for a gaging station.

Records available. April 23, 1905, to July 19, 1906; August 4, 1911, to December 

31, 1912.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 151

Drainage area. Not measured.

Gage. Chain, fastened to the outside handrail, downstream side of right span; 

datum unchanged.

Channel. Bed composed of sand and gravel; considered practically permanent. 

One channel at all stages broken only by the bridge pier.

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation of gage height to discharge during December, January, and February.

Accuracy. The relation between gage height and discharge may at times be affected 

by backwater from Lizard Creek. Sufficient discharge measurements have not 

been made to develop the discharge rating curve above 1,500 second-feet; therefore estimates of discharge above that point are not published.

Discharge measurements of Des Moines River near Fort Dodge, Iowa, in 191%.

Date.

Apr. 27

Nov. 60

60

Hydrographer.

J.B.Hfll......................................... ........................

.....do...................................................................

height.

Feet. 

2.62

1.32

1.19

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,020 mo

71.5

a Measurement made by wading.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Des Moines River near Fort Dodge, Iowa, for

[Ole C. Hansom, observer.]

Day.

1.... .......

2...........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

10...........

11...........

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

16...........

17...........

18...........

19...........

20........... 

21...........

22...........

23...........

24...........

91

26...........

27...........

f)Q

9Q

30...........

Ql

Jan.

i.eo

1.58

1.58

1.55

1.52

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

Feb. Mar.

6.9

8.9

8.5

7.4

Apr.

7.0

6.4

5.8

5.0

4.3

3.4

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.0

2.9

2.75

2.5

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.35

2.3

2.3 

2.4

2.45

2.7

2.85

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

May.

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.5

3.9

4.0

3.7

3.3

3.0

2.8

3.1

2.95

2.8

2.7

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.25 

2.0

1.95

1.90

1.90

1.85

1.80

4.5

4.0

3.7

3.4

3.0

June.

2.6

a. 6

2.45

2.4

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.90

1.75

1.80

1.75

1.75

1.90

2.3

2.25

2.2

1.80

1.80

1.68 

1.70

1.68

1.65

1.55

1.50

1.48

1.45

1.40

1.35

1.32

July.

1.20

1.30

1.32

1.35

1.40

1.42

1.38

1.35

1.30

1.20

1.35

1.40

1.45

1.40

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.25

1.20

1.40 

1.62

1.65

1.62

1.60

1.60

1.55

1.50

1.45

1.40

1.28

1.32

Aug.

1.20

1.25

1.20

1.15

1.02

1.10

1.10

1.30

1.25

1.10

1.18

1.30

1.42

1.40

1.30

1.42

1.40

1.40

1.60

1.85 

2.0

1.95

1.90

1.85

1.62

1.70

1.60

1.45

1.40

1.32

1 20

Sept.

1.30

1.30

1.25

1.20

1.08

1.30

1.30

1.25

1.20

1.28

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.25

1.25

1.32

1.30

1.30

1.32

1.20 

1.30

1.32

1.30

1.32

1.25

1.30

1.32

1.30

1.35

1.20

Oct.

1.30

1.30

1.22

1.30

1.20

1.30

1.15

1.25

1.20

1.20

1.15

1.50

1.35

1.40

1.30

1.40

1.32

1.40

1.40

1.42 

1.30

1.42

1.30

1.40

1.28

1.30

1.25

1.38

1.40

1.40

1.38

Nov.

1.30

1.40

1.42

1.40

1.30

1.22

1.22

1.20

1.20

1.22

1.22

1.25

1.30

1.35

1.40

1.42

1.45

1.42

1.40

1.40 

1.40

1.42

1.40

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice an unknown amount Jan. 7 to 20; no estimates 

of discharge made.
152 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Des Moines River near Fort Dodge, Iowa, for 1911-12.

Day.

1911. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12............... tO

14. ..............

15...............

Aug.

29 

39

39 

49 

51 

45 

54

58 

65 

58 

65 

65

Sept.

51 

65 

51 

65 

51

78 

92 

81 

81 

218

132 

92 

435 

132 

102

Oct.

170 

170 

194 

170 

151

151 

170 

151 

132 

151

151

218 

244 

270 

300

Day.

1912. 

1........... .........................

2.. ..................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8.................. ......... .......

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

IS....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Nov.

244 

330 

300 

270 

244

218 

228 

218 

218 

194

218 

194 

218 

218 

218

Apr.

1,460

1,340 

1,160 

890 

790 

745

700 

700 

745 

700 

700

790 

840 

1,110 

1,280 

1,220

1,110 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000

1,000

Day.

1

1 

1 

1 

2

2 

2 

2 

2 

2

2 

2 

2 

2 

3 

3

May.

1,000 

945 

890 

890

1,460 

1,220

1,580 

- 1,400 

1,220 

1,110 

620

620 

620 

580 

540 

660

470 

435 

400 

400 

365

330

1,460

1911. 

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

0.. .............

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

................

7...............

8...............

S. ..............

0...............

1...............

June.

1,000 

1,000 

840 

790 

580

540 

540 

470 

400 

300

330 

300 

300 

400 

700

660 

620 

330 

330 

260

270 

260 

244 

194 

170

162 

151 

132 

117 

108

July.

81 

102 

108 

117 

132

140 

126 

117 

102

81

117 

132 

151 

132 

117

102 

102 

92 

81 

132

228 

244 

228 

218 

218

194 

170 

151 

132 

98 

108

Aug.

85 

51 

65 

92 

85

92

98 

81

78 

78

81 

73 

81 

65 

85 

81

Aug.

81 

92 

81 

73 

54

65 

65, 

102 

92 

65

78 

102 

140 

132 

102

140 

-132 

132 

218 

365

470 

435 

435 

365 

228

270 

218 

151 

132 

108 

81

Sept.

78 

85 

85 

81 

81

92

81 

81 

81 

92

92

81 

81 

85 

92

Sept.

102 

102 

92 

81 

62

102 

102 

92 

81 

98

117 

102 

102 

92 

92

108 

102 

102 

108 

81

102 

108 

102 

108 

92

102 

108 

102 

117

81

Oct.

270 

300 

300 

270 

- 270

270 

244 

270 

270 

270

260 

270 

270 

270 

244 

244

Oct.

102 

102 

85 

102 

81

102 

73 

92 

81 

81

73 

170 

117 

132 

102

132 

108 

132 

132 

140

102 

140 

102 

132 

. 98

102 

92 

126 

132 

132 

126

Nov.

194

170 

170

Nov.

102 

132 

140 

132 

102

85 

85 

81 

81

85

85 

92 

102 

117 

132

140 

151 

140 

132 

132

132 

140 

132

NOTE. Discharge Nov. 19 to Dec. 31.1911, estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, as follows: Nov. 19-30,120 second-feet; Dec. 1-31.150 second-feet. These 

estimates of discharge are based on insufficient data and therefore should be used with caution.
UPPEK MISSISSIPPI BIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 153 

Monthly discharge ofDes Moines River near Fort Dodge, Iowa, for 1911-12.

Month.

1911.

1912. 

March".... ....................................................

July...........................................................

November 1-23................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

98 

435 

300 

330

1,666 

244 

470 

117 

170 

151

Minimum.

29 

51 

132

108 

81 

54 

62 

73 

81

Mean.

67.4 

99.8 

229 

183 

150

417 

137 

168 

98.1 

110 

115

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

D.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

« See "Accuracy" in station description. 

DES MOINES RIVER AT KEOSAUQUA, IOWA.

Location. At county bridge, one-fourth mile above old dam site and Government 

locks.

Becords available. May 30, 1903, to July 16, 1906; April 5 to December 31, 1910 

(United States Engineer Corps); August 3, 1911, to December 23, 1912.

Drainage area. 14,300 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage attached to upstream side of bridge (gage originally attached to 

downstream side of bridge; changed because of repairs to bridge at unknown date); 

same gage used throughout period of records. Datum unchanged. A chain length 

of approximately 36.80 feet maintained May 30, 1903, to November 12, 1912. 

On November 12, 1912, the chain length was changed to 37.80 feet and the zero 

of the gage scale moved 1 foot farther from the pulley, the net result being 

no change in datum. See "Accuracy."

Bench, marks. The following descriptions and elevations of bench marks supersede 

those published in Water Supply Paper 171. Elevations are referred to gage 

datum with chain length 37.80 feet.

Bench mark No. 1. Chiseled cross in the bridge seat stone at northeast corner of right abutment of the county bridge; elevation, 30.31 feet.

Bench mark No. 2. Spike driven horizontally in the south side near base of 

oak tree on north side of the road about 100 feet from the bridge; elevation, 32.63 

feet.

Bench mark No. 3. Apparently destroyed.

Channel. Composed of sand and gravel on the left and rock on the right. Sand 

shifts at flood stages.

Discharge measurements. Made from the downstream side of the bridge.

Winter flow. During 1912 no gage readings were taken when the channel was 

frozen.

Accuracy. Wye levels run August 3, 1911, November 12, 1912, and July 11, 1913 1 

(before the preparation of this report), show a discrepancy between bench marks 

and gage datum varying from 0.22 to +0.26 foot. Using average values from 

these levels (which check among themselves), and taking the elevation of bench

1 July 11,1913, by engineers of the Mississippi Power Co., Keokuk, Iowa.
154 SUEPACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET V.

mark No. 1 as 30.11 feet, as published in Water Supply Paper 171, the elevation 

of the zero of the gage has been found to be 0.20 foot, whereas using bench 

mark No. 2 with elevation 32.88 feet, as published in Water Supply Paper 171, 

the elevation of the zero of the gage has been found to be +0.25 foot. Bench mark 

No. 3 has apparently been destroyed and bench mark No. 4 is simply a reference point, being subject to the same changes of elevation as the gage. Since the 

apparent error in the elevation of the gage practically balances between bench 

marks Nos. 1 and 2, and there is no definite change in gage on record (except the 

one from downstream to upstream side of bridge), the daily gage heights and 

discharge measurements have been referred to the original chain length (36.80 

feet), no change has been made in gage datum, and bench mark elevations have 

been adjusted to correspond. These records should, therefore, be used with 

caution. However, in view of the fact.that five discharge measurements have 

been made during 1910-1912, the records should be reliable, even though changes 

have occurred to alter the original relation between gage height and discharge 

which are subject to more than one interpretation.

Discharge measurements ofDes Moines River at Keosaitqua, Iowa, in 1910-1912.

Date.

1910.

1911.

Aug. 3

Hydrographer.

Follansbee and Kay... .

Gage 

height.o

Feet. 

0.5

.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

719

266

Date.

1912. 

Apr. 20

Nov. 11

13

Hydrographer.

J.B. Hill. .............

S. B. Soul<5... ..........

.....do.................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.38

.90

.93

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

7,080

1,340 i vm

a Chain length 36.80 feet. See "Gage" paragraph in station description. 

& Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa) for 1912. 

[Oscar McCrary, observer.]

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Apr.

12.9

14.5

16.0

16.6

15.9

14.5

12.0

8.7

6.8

5.6

5.1

4.6

4.6

5.7

5.1

5.1

4.9

4.2

3 Q

3.2

3.5

3.4

4.0

4.2

3.7

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.7

2

0

May.

2.8

4.4

4.3

4.4

4.5

3.9

3.3

2.7

2.9

2.8

4.5

3 1

2.8

2.5

2.2

2.1

1.9

1 Q

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.7

2.4

June.

2.9

2.8

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.3

2.2

1.9

1.95

1.7

1.65

1.5

1.9

1.65

2

C

3.1

2.5

2.0

2.0

1.85

1.85

1.6

1.6

1.35

1.4

1.2

1.25

1.1

1 9

July.

1.05

1.1

.9

1.0

.9

1.0

.9

.95

.8

1.1

.9

.9

1.1

2.3

2.6

1.85

1.2

1.1

g

.95

.8

.85

.7

.9

.9

1.1

1.0

1.0

.85

g

.85

Aug.

0.75

.8

.7

.75

.65

.7

.55

.65

.55

.7

.6

.6

.6

.65

.6

.65

.55

.65

.55

.55

1.2

1.4

1.05

1.15

.95

1.0

.85

.9

.8

g

.75

Sept.

0.7

.75

.65

1.3

1.9

2.7

1.9

1.5

1.1

1.15

1.0

.95

.8

1.2

1.4

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.0

1.05

.9

1.0

.9

.95

.8

.85

.7

.65

.75

Oct.

0.6

.6

.6

.65

.65

2.9

3.3

3.1

2.8

2.6

2.35

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.6

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.5

1.45

1.4

i %l

Nov.

1.2

1.05

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

1.0

.8

.9

.95

.9

.95

1.25

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.0

1.0

.95

.9

.95

.9

.85

.8

.75

Dec.

0.75

.8

.85

.9

.9

.85

.8

.7

.7

.7

.7
UPPER MISSISSIPPI KIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 155 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofDes Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa, for 1910-1912.

Day.

1910. 

1...........................

2...........................

3...........................

4.................... ......

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12.................... ......

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19....................:......

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Day.

1911. 

1.......

2.......

3.......

4.......

5.......

6.......

7. ......

8.......

10.......

11.......

12.......

13.......

14.......

15.......

Aug.

265 

375 

265

265 

320 

265 

265 

265

265

265 

320 

320 

375

Sept.

160 

160 

160 

160 

160

160 

730 

320 

320 

1,180

1,000 

2,180 

1,640 

1,470 

1,150

Apr.

5,770

11,800 

9,430 

6,460 

5,230 

4,580

4,320 

3,940 

3,940 

3,700 

3,700

3,460 

3,340 

3,230 

3,120 

3,010

2,790 

2,790 

2,790 

2,790 

2,790

2,580 

2,580 

2,580 

2,380 

2,380

Oct.

8,850 

11,500 

6,880 

6,320 

4,450

3,010 

2,180 

1,810 

1,640 

1,470

1,310 

1,310 

1,310 

1,310 

1,310

_May.

2,280 

3,700 

3.820 

3,010 

2,480

2,380 

2,380 

2,680 

3,340 

3,010

2,580 

2,580 

2,380 

2,280 

2,080

1,990 

1,990 

2,080 

2,180 

2,180

2,180 

2,790 

3,010 

2,680 

2,480

2,480 

2,580 

2,580 

2,790 

2,580 

2,480

Nov.

860 

860 

860 

795 

730

795 

795 

888 

1,150 

1,810

1,810 

2,380 

1,310 

730 

795

June.

2,280 

2,180 

1,990 

1,990 

1,810

1,640 

1,560 

1,470 

1,470 

1,560

1,720 

2,080 

2,790 

4,190 

4,840

4,320 

3,580 

3,230 

3,010 

2,680

2,380 

2,080 

1,990 

1,900 

1,810

1,810 

1,900 

1,900 

1,810 

1,640

Dec.

730 

670 

610 

730 

1,000

860 

730 

730 

730 

3,940

2,380 

1,310 

1,150 

1,080 

1,000

July.

1,640 

1,640 

1,810 

1,720 

1,640

1,640 

1,470 

1,310 

1,310 

1,310

1,150 

1,150 

1,000 

1,000 

1,150

1,150 

860 

860 

860 

860

860 

860 

860 

730 

730

730 

730 

730 

4,580 

1,640 

930

Day.

1911. 

16.......

17.......

18.......

19.......

20.......

21.......

22.......

23.......

24.......

25.......

26.......

97

29.......

30....... <*i

Aug.

795 

730 

730 

730 

730

730 

730 

730 

670 

610

610 

610 

610 

610 

550

550 

610 

930 

860 

730

6,600 

1,900 

1,390 

1,150 

1,000

930 

730 

730 

730 

730 

730

Aug.

265 

265 

265 

265 

265

212 

212 

265 

212 

212

181 

181 

160 

160 

160 

160

Sept.

730 

730 

730 

730 

730

795 

795 

860 

730 

670

610 

610 

795 

1,080 

1,000

860 

730 

730 

730 

610

670 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

1,390

1,900 

1,560 

1,470 

1,470 

1,640

Sept.

860 

730 

860 

1,470 

1,150

1,150 

1,000 

860 

1,000 

1,720

1,150 

860 

3,230 

12,600 

7,160

Oct.

1,640 

1,470 

1,470 

1,310 

1,230

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000 

930

860 

795 

795 

730 

730

730 

730 

670 

610 

670

730 

730 

730 

670 

610

670 

730 

730 

730 

730 

730

Oct.

1,310 

1,310 

1,470 

1,470 

1,310

1,230 

1,150 

1,000 

1,000 

1,000

1,150 

1,000 

1,000 

930 

860 

860

Nov.

730 

730 

730 

730 

730

610 

610 

610 

610 

610

610 

610 

610 

610 

610

610 

610 

610 

610 

610

610 

610 

610 

610 

610

610 

610 

610 

610 

610

Nov.

730 

860 

1,000 

930 

795

860 

930 

1,150 

860 

1,150

860 

730 

670 

730 

730

Dec.

610

670 

730 

730 

730

610 

490 

490 

490 

490

490 

490 

490 

490 

490

490 

490 

490 

490 

490

490 

490 

490 

490 

490

490 

490 

490 

490 

490 

375

Dec.

930 

930 

1,000 

1,080 

1,150

1,000 

1,080 

1,000
156 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Des Moines'River at Keosauqua, Iowa, for 1910-

1912 Continued.

Day.

1912. 

I...... .....................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5.. .........................

6...........................

7........... ...

8.................... . ...

9...........................

10...........................

11...... .

12....... ...

13............ ... ... ...

14...................... ....

IS...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...................... . .

19...................... ...

20...........................

21..........

22............ ... .

23................ ...

24...................... ...

25...........................

26...... ... .

27............ ... .

28...... ...

29.......... .

30........... .

31......

Apr.

39,600

46,000

52,200

54, 700

51,800

46,000

36,100

23,800

17,200

13,500

12,000

10,600

1fi fiftO

12,000

19 nnn

11,500

9 430

8,560

6,600

7 440

7' 160

8,850

9,430

8,000

6,040

6 040

6*500

5,230

5,500

May.

5,500

10,000

9,720

10,000

10,300

8,560

6,880

5,230

5,770

5,500

10,300

9,800

9,300

8,800

8,300

7 Qf\f)

7,320

6,820

5,500

4,710

3 940

3 7fifi

S

oon

3,230

2,580

2,580

2,380

2,380

2 7on

4 

'

450

June.

5,770

5,500

4,450

4,450

4,450

4,710

4,190

3,940

3,340

2,790

2,680

2,380

3,230

2,680

4,710

6,320

4,710

3,460

3,120

3,120

2,580

2,580

2,080

2,180

1,810

1,900

1,640

1,810

July.

1,560

1,640

1,310

1,470

1,310

1,470

1,310

1,390

1,150

1,640

1,310

1,310

1,640

4,190

4,970

3,120

1,810

1,640

1,310

1,390

1,150

1,230

1,000

1,310

1,310

1,640

1,470

1,470

1,230

1,310

1,230

Aug.

1,080

1,150

1,000

1,080

930

1,000

795

930

795

1,000

860

860

860

930

860

930

795

930

795

795

1,810

2,180

1,560

1,720

1,390

1,470

1,230

1,310

1,150

1,310

1,080

Sept.

1,000

1,080

930

1,990

3,230

5,230

3,230

2,380

1,640

1,720

1,470

1,390

1,150

1,810

2,180

2,180

1,810

1,810

1,470

1,560

1,310

1,470

1,310

1,390

1,150

1,230

1,000

1,150

930

1,080

Oct.

860

860

860

930

930

5,770

6,880

6,320

5,500

4,970

4,320

3,460

3,460

3,010

2,900

2,900

2,580

2,380

2,280

2,180

2,380

2,280

2,180

2,080

Nov.

1,810

1,560

1,560

1,470

1,470

1,470

1,470

1,390

1,470

1,150

1,310

1,390

1,310

1,390

1,900

1,990

1,900

1,810

1,560

1,560

1,560

1,470

1,470

1,390

1,310

1,390

1,310

1,230

1,150

1,080

Dec.

1,080

1,150

1,230

1,310

1,310

1,310

1,230

1,150

*

NOTE. The open-channel rating curve has been applied throughout. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected (an unknown amount) by ice during December, 1910, November and December, 

1911, and December, 1912. Estimates of discharge for these months should DO used with caution. See 

" Accuracy " in station description.

Monthly discharge of Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa, for 1910-1912. 

[Drainage area, 14,300 square miles.]

Month.

1910. 

April 5-30...............................

May....................................

July....................................

1911. 

August 3-31 .............................

1912.

May....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

11,800 

3,820 

4,840 

4,580 

6,600 

1,900 

1,640 

730 

730

375 

12,600 

11,500 

2,380

54,700

6,320 

4,970 

2,180 

5,230 

6,880 

1,990

Minimum.

2,380 

1,990 

1,470 

730 

550 

610 

610 

610 

375

160

160 

860 

670

5,230 

2,380 

1,640 

1,000 

795 

930 

860 

1,080

Mean.

4,060 

2,580 

2,320 

1,260 

983 

945 

876 

630 

523

251 

1,560 

2,350 

985

18,600 

6,250 

3,440 

1,650 

1,120 

1,710 

2,600 

1,480

Per

square 

mile.

0.284 

.180 

.162 

.088 

.069 

.066 

.061 

.044 

.037

.018 

.109 

.164 

.069

1.30 

.437 

.241 

.115 

.078 

.120 

.182 

.103

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.27 

.21 

.18 

.10 

.08 

.07 

.07 

.05 

.04

.02 

.12 

.19 

.08

1.45 

.50 

.27 

.13 

.09 

.13 

.21 

.11

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B, 

B. 

B. 

C. 

D.

C. 

B. 

B. 

C.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.
T7PPEB MISSISSIPPI BIVEB DBAINAGE BASIN. 157

SANGAMON BIVEB NEAB MONTICELLO, ILL.

Location. At Illinois Central Railroad bridge about one-half mile west of Monticello, 111.

Records available. February 4, 1908, to October 1, 1912; October 31 to December 31, 1912, when station was finally discontinued.

Drainage area. 550 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Section is at a pool; measurements prior to 1912 indicated that control 

was permanent; measurement of July 30, 1912, indicates slight shift.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge and wooden 

trestle approach.

Floods. The flood of May, 1908, reached a height of 15.2 feet on the gage.

Winter flow. Ice usually affects the relation between gage height and discharge

during portions of December, January, and February. 

The following discharge measurement was made by P. S. Monk: 

July 30, 1912: Gage height, 2.94 feet; discharge, 81.0 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Sangamon River near Monticello, III., for 1912. 

[Martin Boyle, observer.]

Day.

1.... ...........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26............. .

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

o6.3

« 5. 4

04.8

« 5. 4

05.3

05.15

o5.0

a4.8

o4.6

o4.4

a4.2

4,0

04.0

04,0

o5.3

o8.5

o8.0

6.0

5 Q

8.1

8.3

8.0

7.4

5.8

«5.2

04.8

o4.6

Feb.

o4.4

o4.0

3.7

03.6

o3.55

o3.4

o3.4

o3.35

3.25

o3.2

o3.2

o3.15

o3.2

3.45

as

8.4

o7.1

o5.3

o4.4

8.6

10.8

10.4

ol0.3

Mar.

ol0.2

o9.5

6.5

o5.8

o5.3

o4.9

04.7

4.0

o3.9

3.8

3.9

Q 8

10.0

12.2

13.2

13.9

12.8-

11 Q

10.8

10.7

10.3

10.0

10.3

11.7

11.6

Apr.

10.4

10.0

9.5

Q n

8.1

7.8

8.0

7.1

6.4

5.9

5.6

a ft

7.1-

7.6

8.9

10.0

10.3

9

0

8.9

8.0

7.2

7.0

10.5

11.9

May.

n

f>

n

c

10.4

9 9

9

0

Q 9

7.8

7.1

6.7

Q 8

Q fi

9 6

9 0

8 0

7 %

6.2

5.8

5.5

K O

5.0

4.7

4 4

4.6

4.7

4.6

4 9

June.

4.5

5.3

4.8

4.4

4.2

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.2

S

I'5

3 OR

3.75

Q CC

3.35

3.65

3

1

3.0

2.88

2.79

2.73

2.70

2.60

July.

2.53

4.9

4 Q

4.5

3.5

4.6

4.0

6.8

8.3

8 Q

7.1

R <>

5.0

4.4

3

QK

3.6

6.1

4.0

3.8

3.45

3.2

2.96

3 95

2.89

Aug.

2.90

2.71

2.60

2.49

2.42

2.40

O QQ

2.49

2.50

2.78

0 Sfi

2.88

2 CO

2.50

2.52

3 1

4.0

9 Oft

K O

3.85

3.5

2.82

2.65

2.56

2.42

2.38

2.30

Sept.

2.20

2.20

2 19

2.00

2.00

2.11

2.05

2.00

2.00

2.00

1.95

1.99

2.01

2.10

2.05

2.00

2.08

2.00

2.00

1.99

1.95

1.94

1.90

Oct.

i on

2.05

Nov.

2.28

2.25

3.10

2.88

3.15

3.15

5.3

5.8

4.5

4.2

4.0

4.0

5.7

5.5

4.4

3.85

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.96

2.85

Dec.

2.95

2.90

3.0

3.0

2.94

2.90

2.62

2.50

2.46

2.42

2.68

2.68

2.61

2.82

2.75

2.60

2.38

2.31

2.70

2.69

2.62

2.42

2.38

2.42

2.50

o Gage height to top of ice.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 4 to Feb. 25, and possibly also to 

some extent during the first part of March. Observer reported ice from 6 to 9 inches in thickness during 

January, and about 7 inches auring the greater part of February. From Feb. 29 to Mar. 11 the river was 

reported partly frozen, with ice about half an inch in thickness. Gage was not lead on Sunday.
158 STJEFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1912, PAET V. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sangamon River near Monticello, III., for 191%.

Day.

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

382

286

Feb.

1,110

2

<K(rt

2 99ft

Mar.

2,120

1,520

1,050

576

450

366

302

258

272

226

180

170

160

170

1,740

1,920

«3, 220

4,530

7,200

5

AA{\

3,360

2,7CO

of) 7fiO

2,650

2,220

1 QOfl

2

oon

S

Qfff)

3,730

03,020

Apr.

2,320

1,920

1,520

1,260

950

864

«892

920

920

698

558

468

414

1,260

698

814

1,220

2,220

ol,810

1 Af\f\

ol,310

1 9<?fV

920

7on

676

ol.550

4 

'

I'D

May.

3

*)A{\

3,600

2,320

1,830

ol,780

1,740

1,350

1,080

864

698

616

ol,180

1,740

1 f\Qf\

1 PIQrt

1,260

QOA

790

COO

OQQ

OKA

318

979

230

OCQ

979

9^8

302

June.

o305

366

286

230

204

180

180

o!55

130

120

102

102

1rt9

o!36

175

155

IQC

116

 1 AK

120

o!02

84

74

67

62

60

53

o50

July.

48

302

o302

302

244

ol87

130

258

180

636

1,010

1,220

o959

698

522

230

175

14fV

o322

180

ICA

102

81

« 94

75

Aug.

76

61

53

o49

45

41

40-

39

45

46

o56

66

72

74

52

46

47

o70

93

180

76

350

165

130

olOO

70

56

50

41

39

34

Sept.

28

28

28

19

19

24

21

- 19

19

19

17

17

19

o!8

18

19

23

21

19

22

020

19

19

19

17

17

17

o!6

15

Oct.

21

Nov.

33

31

o62

93

74

98

98

366

450

o347

244

204

180

180

432

398

0314

230

o!98

165

160

140

130

ol20

111

102

93

84

81

79

Dec.

a 76

80

76

84

84

79

76

a 65

54

46

44

41

59

59

066

54

70

64

53

39

35

o48

60

59

o56

54

41

39

o40

41

46

a Interpolated.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily gage heights. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve 

well defined between 46 and 1,830 second-feet (gage heights 2.5 and 9.9 feet), and fairly well defined between 1,920 and 7,360 second-feet (gage heights 10.0 and 14.0 feet). Discharge Jan. 4 to Feb. 25 estimated 

because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, climatolo?ic records and discharge of adjacent drainage 

areas, as follows: Jan 4-31, 300 second-feet; Feb. 1-25, 200 second-feet. These estimates of discharge for 

periods when the relation of gage hei?ht to discharge is believed to have been affected by ice are based 

on insufficient data and therefore should be used with caution.

Monthly discharge of Sangamon River near Monticello, III., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 550 square miles.]

Month.

March ...................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

November ................... . . . ....

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2 7fin

7,200 

4,120 

3,600 

366 

1,220 

350 

31

450 

84

Minimum.

160 

414 

230 

50 

48 

34 

15

31

35

Mean.

310 

462 

2,140 

1,290 

1,060 

145 

316 

76.2 

20.2

176 

57.4

Per 

square 

mile.

0.564 

.840 

3.89 

2.35 

1.93 

.264 

.575 

.139 

.037

.320 

.104

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.65 

.91 

4.48 

2.62 

2.22 

.29 

.66 

.16 

.04

.36 

.12

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C.

B.

B.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.
tTPPEE MISSISSIPPI BIVEE DEAINAGE BASIN. 159

SANGA.MON EIVEE AT EIVEETON, ILL.

Location.. At Wabash Railroad bridge about one-fourth mile west of depot at 

Riverton, 111., about 2J miles below the mouth of South Fork.

Records available. February 13, 1908, to December 31, 1912. Station discontinued December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 2,560 square miles. - l

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Slightly shifting; section is at a pool; measurements to date indicate 

that the point of control is not changing.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of three-span bridge.

Floods. The high water of 1883 reached a height of approximately 32 feet on the 

present gage. The high water of 1875 is said to have been one-half foot lower 

than this. The high water of October, 1911, reached a height of 27.1 feet.

Winter flo-w. Ice may affect the relation between gage height and discharge during 

short periods of extremely cold weather.

The following discharge measurement was made by P. S. Monk: 

July 30, 1912: Gage height, 9.82 feet; discharge, 560 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Sangamon River at Riverton, III., for 1912. 

[J. H. Steele, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5... ............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29................

30...............

31...............

Jan.

15.3

14.5

14.1

13.4

13.2

12.8

12.6

12.5

12.4

12.3

12.2

12.0

11.8

11.6

11.4

11.4

11.3

12.0

16.1

17.3

17.5

17.1

17.0

17.6

17.6

16.7

15.6

15. T)

14.3

13.7

12.9

Feb.

12.1

11.9

11.6

11.3

10.8

10.5

10.4

10.3

10.1

10.1

9.9

9.8

9.8

9.7

9.6

9.7

9.9

10.4

11.6

12.9

13.1

13.6

19 7

12.6

13.4

17.2

19.4

21.7

21.8

Mar.

21.4

19.7

19.3

19.7

19.0

17.5

15.2

13.6

12.4

11 9

11.8

11.5

11.3

12.2

17.8

21.1

22.8

23.5

23.5

23.4

24.2

24.1

OC Oi

oc o

24.9

24.2

23.4

22.9

22.8

23.9

23.2

Apr.

23.0

23.1

23.2

23.0

22.6

22.2

21.8

21.2

20.5

19.6

18.5

17.6

17.0

16.7

16.4

15.7

15.4

19.0

21.2

21.3

20.9

19.8

19 7

20.1

19.4

18.8

19 1

20.0

91 A.

9^ 7

May.

24.5

23.8

23.2

22.9

22.8

22.8

22.5

21.8

21.1

20 4

19.7

20.5

21.0

21.0

20.3

19.6

19.1

18.6

18.0

17.2

16.1

15.0

14.2

13.1

12.6

12.6

12.5

is 1

13.0

12.6

June.

12.4

12.3

12.2

12.6

12.5

12.0

11.6

11.1

11.0

10.6

10.4

10.2

10.1

10.0

10.0

13.1

15.9

14.6

14.0

13.2

12.6

12.4

, 19 o

11.7

11.1

10.7

10.4

10.6

10.1

9.9

July.

9.8

9.7

10.3

10.2

10.5

10.5

11.8

12.4

11.6

11.0

10.8

11.1

11.1

11.2

11.4

11.7

11.8

11.5

10.8

10.1

9.7

9.5

9

0

9 1

9.4

9.2

9 0

8.8

9 0

10.0

9.7

Aug.

9.8

9.8

9.5

9.0

8.7

8.6

8.5

8.4

8.5

8.4

8.4

8.3

9.4

10.5

10.0

9.6

9.8

9.7

9.2

9.3

10.9

9

0

9.2

9.5

9.3

8 9

9.3

8 9

8.9

8.9

Sept.

8.5

8.3

8.2

8.1

8.0

8.0

8.1

8.0

7.9

7.9

7.9

7.8

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.6

7.8

7.7

7.7

7.8

7.9

7.8

7.8

7.8

7.8

7.7

7.7

7.6

7.6

Oct.

7.6

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.45

7.5

7.45

7.4

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.4

7.4

7.4

7.4

Nov.

7.8

8.1

8.2

8.2

8.3

8.6

9.0

9.6

9.5

9.2

9.2

9.6

10.2

9.7

9.6

9.4

9.2

9.4

9:6

9.5

9.2

9.0

8 9

8.8

8.7

8.6

8.6

8.5

8.4

8.4

Dec.

8.3

8.2

8.2

8.2

8.2

8.3

8.2

8.2

8.2

8.0

8.0

7.8

7.8

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.1

8.1

8.1

7 Q

7 9

7 a

7.8

7 Q

7.9

7 9

7.8

7 a

8.0

8.0

NOTE. Jan. 8 to 31, Feb. 2, 3, and 4 to 20, observer reported: 

to discharge probably not affected by ice during 1912.

' No ice at gage." Relation of gage height
160 STJBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PABT V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sangamon River at Riverton, III., for 1912.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2,820

2,380

2,160

1,830

1,750

1,580

1,500

1,460

1,420

1,390

1,350

1,280

1,200

1,130

1,060

1,060

1,020

1,280

3,260

3,950

4,070

3,840

3,780

4,130

4,130

3,610

2,980

2,650

2,260

1,960

1,620

Feb.

1,310

1,240

1,130

1,020

856

760

728

696

634

634

572

542

542

513

486

513

572

728

1,130

1,620

1,710

1,920

1,540

1,500

1,830

3,900

5,420

8,160

8,300

Mar.

7,720

5,700

5,330

5,700

5,070

4,070

2,760

1,920

1,420

1,240

1,200

1,100

1,020

1,350

4,250

7,320

9,980

11.300

11,300

11,100

12,700

12,500

14,900

14,900

14,200

12,700

11,100

10,200

9,980

12, 100

10,700

Apr.

10,300

10,500

10,700

10,300

9,620

8.940

8,300

7,450

6,560

5,610

4,690

4,130

3,780

3,610

3,430

3,040

2,870

5,070

7,450

7,580

7,060

5,800

5,700

6,120

5,420

4,910

5,160

6,010

7,720

11,700

May.

13,300

11,900

10,700

10,200

9,980

9,980

9,440

8,300

7,320

6,450

5,700

6,560

7,180

7,180

6,340

5,610

5,160

4,760

4,370

3,900

3,260

2,650

2,210

1,870

1,710

1,500

1,500

1,460

1,710

1,500

June.

1,420

1,390

1,350

1,500

1,460

1,280

1,130

955

920

792

728

665

634

603

603

1,710

3,140

2,430

2,100

1,750

1,500

1,420

1,390.

1,170

955

824

728

792

634

572

July.

542

513

696

665

760

760

1,200

1,420

1,130

920

856

955

955

990

1,060

1,170

1,200

1,100

856

fi34

513

460

388

366

435

388

344

305

344

603

513

Aug.

542

542

460

344

287

270

254

240

a247

254

240

240

227

435

760

603

486

542

513

388

411

888

542

388

460

411

324

411

324

324

324

Sept.

254

227

214

202

190

190

202

190

179

179

179

168

158

158

158

158

148

168

158

158

168

179

168

168

168

168

158

158

148

148

Oct.

148

138

138

138

138

133

138

133

128

138

138

138

138

138

128

128

128

128

Nov.

168

202

214

214

227

270

344

486

460

388

388

488

665

513

486

435

388

435

488

460

388

344

324

305

287

270

270

254

240

240

Dec.

227

214

214

214

214

227

214

214

214

190

190

168

168

190

190

190

202

a202

202

202

179

179

168

168

179

179

179

168

179

190

190

<* Interpolated.

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 138 and 4,370 second-feet 

(gage heights 7.5 and 18.0 feet). Discharge Oct. 19 to 31 estimated, because gage was not read, from precipitation records at 220 second-feet, varying from about 150 to 400 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Sangamon River at Riverton, III., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 2,560 square miles.]

Month.

T&j. ....................................

July.....................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,130 

8,300 

14,900 

11,700 

13,300 

3,140 

1,420 

888 

254

665 

227

14,900

Minimum.

1,020 

486 

1,020 

2,870 

1,460 

572 

305 

227 

148

168 

168

Mean.

2,260 

1,740 

7,640 

6,650 

5,660 

1,220 

743 

409 

176 

171 

355 

194

2,270

Per 

square 

mile.

0.883 

.680 

2.98 

2.60 

2.21 

.477 

.290 

.160 

.069 

.067 

.139 

.076

.887

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.02 

.73 

3.44 

2.90 

2.56 

.53 

.33 

.18 

.08 

.08 

.16 

.09

12.09

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

B. 

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

A. 

B.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI BIVEB BEAINAGE BASIN. 161

SANGAMON BIVEB, NEAR OAKFORD, ILL.

Location. At highway bridge 3 miles northeast of Oakford, 111., near the northwest corner of T. 19 N., R. 7 W., 2J miles above the Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis 

Railway bridge and 1J miles above the mouth of Crane Creek.

Records available. October 26, 1909, to June 30, 1911; December 10, 1911, to 

Match 31, 1912. Station discontinued March 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 5,000 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. The sea-level elevation of the zero of the gage is 468.80 feet.

Channel. Shifting; the river for some distance above arid below the station has 

been dredged and straightened, thus increasing the slope considerably and disturbing the regimen of the river. Conditions along the improved section are 

probably reverting to their former natural state. Measurements to date, however, 

indicate little if any change in the relation between gage height and discharge.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge and wooden 

trestle approaches,

Floods. The floods of February and March, 1907, May, 1908, and October, 1911, 

reached a height of about 21 feet by the present gage.

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation between gage height and discharge during 

portions of December, January, and February.

Accuracy. Backwater caused by ice jams or drift lodging at, the railroad bridge 

2J miles below the gaging station may at times affect the relation between gage 

height and discharge.

The following discharge measurement was made by P. S. Monk: 

July 31, 1912: Gage height, 3.58 feet; discharge, 959 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Sangamon River near Oakford, III., for 191%. 

[E. J. Bonnett, observer.]

Day.

1... .....................

2........................

3........................

4........................

5........................

6........................

7........................

8........................

9........................

10........................

11........................

12........................

13........................

14........................

15........................

Jati.

9.9

8.7

8.2

7.6

7.6

7.7

7.8

7.9

8.0

7.9

7.8

7.8

7.5

7.2

7.0

Feb.

,5.0

4.5

Mar.

13.7

13.6

12.8

11.6

11.1

10.5

9.3

8.1

7.2

6.4

6.0

5.8

5.8

7.8

10.6

Day.

16........................

17........................

18........................

19........................

20........................

21........................

22........................

23........................

24........................

25........................

26........................

27........................

28........................

29........................

30........................

31........................

Jan.

6.8

7.0

7.3

7.8

8.5

10.0

10.4

10.5

10.9

11.4

Feb.

4.4

4.3

4.8

5.9

6.6

6.0

6.3

6.0

6.3

7.6

11.2

12.2

13.0

13.6

Mar.

12.5

14.2

16.2

17.0

17.6

17.6

17.3

17.6

18.0

18.1

18.0

17.7

17.2

17.0

17.0

17.1

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 5 to Feb. 22. Observer 

reported as follows: Jan. 10, partly frozen; Jan. 11 to 13, frozen; Jan. 18 to 20, water on both sides; Jan. 21, 

ice breaking up; Jan. 22 to 23, water on both sides; Jan. 24 to 25, holes in ice; Jan. 26 to Feb. 7, frozen over; 

Feb. 8, Water on sMes; Feb. 9 to 13, ice; Feb. 14, holes in ice; Feb. 15 to 17, ice floating; Feb. 25, some slush 

ioe; Feb. 37, ice floating; Feb. 28 to 29, slush ice.

28804°-WBP 325 14 11
162 SUEFACB WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sangamon River near Odkfard, III., for

Day.

1. .......................

2........................

3........................

4........................

5........................

6... .....................

7........................

8........................

9........................

10........................

11........................

12........................

13........................

14........................

 15.........................

Jan.

5,680

4,490

4,040

3,54T)

3,540

3.620

3,700

3,780

3,860

3,780

3,700

3,700

3,460

3,220

3,070

Feb.

1,670

1,390

Mar.

10,200

10, 100

8,980

7,520

6,960

6,300

5,060

3,950

3,220

2,620

2,320

2,180

2,180

3,700

6,410

Day.

16........................

17........................

18........................

19........................

20........................

21........................

22........................

23........................

24........................

25........................

26........................

27........................

28........................

29........................

30........................

31........................

Jan.

2.920

3,070

3,300

3,700

4,310

5,780

6,200

6,300

6,740

7,290

Feb.

1,340

1,290

1,560

2,250

2,770

2,320

2,540

2,320

2,540

3,540

7,070

8,240

9,240

10,100

Mar.

8,600

11,100

U, 300

17,300

18,800

18,800

18,100

18,800

19,800

20,100

19,800

19,100

17,800

17,300

17,300

17,600

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well denned between 380 and 8,000 second-feet 

(gageheights 2.0 and 12.0 feet). Above 14,800 sscond-feet (gage height 16.0 feet) the rating curve is a tangentand is based on one discharge measurement at gage height 16.6 feet. Figures for daily discharge published above are for unobstructed channel and are probably in error an unknown amount from Jan. 5 to 

Feb. 22 because of ice. See notes to table of daily gage height.

SOUTH FORK OF SANGAMON RIVER NEAR TAYLORVILLE, ILL.

Location. At the Wabash Railroad bridge about 3J miles southwest of Taylorville, 

about one-fourth mile upstream from the highway bridge known as the "Half 

Acre Bridge.''

Records available. February 11, 1908, to September 30, 1912; November 1 to 

December 31, 1912, when station was finally discontinued.

Drainage area. 427 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge. On September 2, 1909, the gage 

datum was lowered 2 feet. The gage heights to August 10, 1909, refer to the old 

datum; those from August 11 to September 1, 1909, are of no value because of 

backwater from a construction dam built and used during that period. Gage 

heights from September 2,1909, to date, refer to the new datum.

Channel. In August, 1909, a drainage ditch was dug along the river in this vicinity, straightening the course of the stream, but coinciding with the original channel 

at the gaging station. The cross section of the channel was not changed at the 

measuring section, but the relation between gage height and discharge was considerably changed due to the change in slope. The channel shifts to some extent, 

but measurements to date indicate that the point of control is probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of the bridge.

Floods. Maximum gage height since establishment of gage, 15.9 feet, occurred in 

September, 1911. No authentic record of floods prior to the establishment of the 

station is available.

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation between gage height and discharge during parts of December, January, and February.

Accuracy. During the summer of 1912 the bridge to which the gage is attached 

was being rebuilt. On August 2 the gaging section was full of false work with 

drift lodged against it, but the effect of the backwater was not determined. The 

construction work was not finished on December 31. Because of the probable 

backwater, the possibility of constant error in the gage heights, and the fact that 

the unverified 1911 rating table was used throughout, the records at this station 

from July 1 to December 31 should be used with caution.

No discharge measurements were made at this station during 1912.
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 163

Daily gage height, in feet, of South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville, III., for

1912.

[Joseph Ethridge, observer.]

Day.

1........ .......

2...............

3...............

4...............

5............... 

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11............... 

12...............

13............... 

14...............

15...............

16...............

17............... is...: ..........

19...............

20

21...............

22............... 

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

6.1

5.5

5.2

5.5

5.0

4.7

4.4

4.5

4.5 

4.6

4.5 

4.4

4.2 

4.2

7.7

9.2

9.8

10.0

10.2 

10.0

9.7

8.7

8.2

7.3

6.5

5 9

5.4 

5.0

Feb.

4.8

4.4

4.2

4.1

.......

3.4

.......

5.1

6.7

7.6

6.0

5.8 

4.6

5.6

8.0

9.4

11.6

12.2

11.1

Mar.

10.6

10.3

9.7

8.0

6.6 

5.6

4.6

5.2

4.8 

4.3

4.4 

4.6

4.5 

5.0

Q 0

11.0

12.7

12 2

12.1

11.2

11.0

12.2

12.4

11.5

10.7

10.7

9

0

10.0

10.5

11.7 

11.8

Apr.

11.0

10.6

10.2

10.6

10.1 

10.0

10.0

Q 4

9.2

8.6

7.6 

7.0

7.4 

7.4

7.6

7.6

7.0

6.6

10.0

10.0

9.8

9.2

8.2

7.6

6 Q

7.0

8.2

9.6

10.0

10.9

May.

12.0

11.1

10.3

9

K

9.6

9

C

10.0

9

K

9.8 

8.6

6.9 

8.6

9.8 

9.8

9 A

8.6

7.9

7.2

6.4

6.0

5.8

5.4 

5.2

5.0

4.8

4.6

4.6

5.0

. 5.4

5.2 

5.0

June.

4.6

5.0

4.4

4.2

4.0 

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.4 

3.4

3.3 

3.2

3.2 

3.2

Q 4

4.4

6.2

7.2

6.8

6.2

5.4

4.6 

4.4

4.0

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.3

^ i.

3.4

July.

3.2

5.8

5.0

4.2

4.0 

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.6

5.1

5.2

4.8

4.6 

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.0

3.1

3.0

2.75

2.75

2.65 

2.55

2.45

2.35

2.30

2.25

2.15

3.8

6.3 

6.9

Aug.

5.0

4.8

3.0

2.65

2.45 

2.35

2.25

2.35

2.40 

2.50

2.65 

2.7

2.45 

2.5

2.65

6.8

6.8

4.6

3.0

2.9

5.0

4.2

3.8

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.95

0 QC

2.55 

2.35

Sept.

2.25

2.25

2.15

2.05

2.0

"i'.oh'

1.9

1.9

1.85 

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.9

2 1

2.3

2.3

2.25

2.25 

2 1

2.1

2.05

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.75

1.8

Oct.

.......

.......

.......

Nov.

2.55

2.60

2.85

3.00

2.80 

3.5

4.0

3.8

3.5 

3.5

3.2 

3.2

3.2 

3.0

3.1

3.05

2.95

2.85

2.75

2.80

2.75

2.70 

2.70

2.80

2.70

2.65

2.65

2.65

2.75

2.65

Dec.

2.75

2.60

2.65

2.70

2.75 

2.55

2.75

2.65

2.65 

2.55

2.60 

2.55

2.55 

2.55

2.55

2.55

2.75

2.75

2.75

2.75

2.75

2.75 

2.70

2.65

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.65

2.65

NOTE. Gage heights about July 1 to Dec. 31 affected by backwater from false work and drift obstructing 

channel, an unknown amount, probably a few tenths for a maximum, with the minimum effect at low 

water. River reported almost free from drift on Sept. 13, 17, and 22. Gage weight lost on Sept. 6 and 

replaced Sept. 10. Gage heights Sept. 10 to Dec. 31 subject to unknown constant error due to probable 

error in chain length caused by replacing weight. See "Accuracy" in station description. Gage heights 

Jan. 3 to 6,8 to 13,15 to 31, Feb. 1,2,3,5 to 10, and 12 to 19, read to top of ice. Relation of gageneight to 

discharge affected t>y ice about Jan. 3 to Feb. 20. Observer reported ice about 1 inches in thickness during 

January and from 6 to 11 inches during February. On Jan. 21 observer reported large ice gorge at gaging 

section.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville, III.,

for 1912.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

Jan.

252

201

Feb.

-

Mar.

1,500

1,340

1,050

455

297

209

133

177

147

115

121

133

127

161

805

Apr.

1,700

1,500

1,300

1,500

1,240

1,200

1,200

901

805

578

397

333

374

374

397

May.

2,200

1,740

1,340

999

999

999

1,200

999

1,100

578

324

578

1,100

1,100

901

June.

133'

161

121

109

97

92

82

77

67

67

62

58

58

58

67

July.

58

225

161

109

97

97

87

87

77

169

177

147

133

121

121

Aug.

161

147

50

36

28

26

22

26

27

30

36

38

28

30

36

Sept.

22

22

20

16

15

a 15

«15

a 14

«14

14

13

13

12

12

12

Oct. Nov.

32

34

44

50

42

72

97

87

72

72

58

58

58

50

54

Dec.

40

34

36

38

40

32

40

36

36

32

34

32

32

32

32

Interpolated.
164 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sottth Fork ofSangamon River near T&glormtte, TU.,

for 1912 Continued.

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29........I......

30...............

31...............

Jan. Feb.

243

225

133

209

455

901

9 nnn

2,300

1,740

Mar.

1,700

2,540

2,300

2,240

1,800

1,700

2,300

2,400

1,940

1,540

1,540

1,100

1,200

1,440

2,040

2,100

Apr.

397

333

297

1,200

1,200

1,100

805 Ann

QQ7

324

333

JQA

QOQ

1,200

1,640

May.

578

439

353

279

243

225

193

177

161

147

133

161

193

177

161

June.

121

261

353

315

261

193

133

97

77

72

67

62

67

67

July.

121

97

54

50

40

40

36

32

28

26

24

22

20

87

270

324

Aug.

315

315

133

77

50

46

161

109

87

67

58

50

48

48

32

26

Sept.

12

13

18

24

24

22

22

18

18

16

15

13

11

10

11

Oct. Nov..

52

48

44

40

42

40

38

38

42

38

36

36

36

40

36

Dec.

32

40

40

40

40

40

40

38

36

34

34

34

34

36

36

o36

a Estimated.

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well denned between 58 and 1,440 second-feet 

(gage heights, 3.2 and 10.5 feet), but which was not verified during 1912 by discharge measurements. Discharge Jan. 3 to Feb. 20 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, climatologic records, 

and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, as follows: Jan. 3 to 31,200 second-feet; Feb. 1 to 20,80 second-feet. 

These estimates of discharge for periods when the relation of gage height to discharge is believed to have 

been affected by ice are based on insufficient data and therefore should be used with caution.

Monthly discharge of South Fork ofSangamon River near Taylorville, III., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 427 square miles.]

Month.

March..................................

May.... ................................

July....................................

November. .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,300

2,540 

1,700 

2,200 

353 

324 

315 

24

97 

40

Minimum.

115

297 

133 

58 

20 

22 

10

32 

32

Mean.

202 

338 

1,180 

833 

642 

119 

101 

75.6 

15.9

49.5 

36.0

Per 

square 

mile.

0.473 

.792 

2.76 

1.95 

1.50 

.279 

.237 

'.177 

.037

.iie

.084

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.55 

.85 

3.18 

2.18 

1.73 

.,31 

.27 

.20 

.04

.13 

.10

Accuracy.

D, 

D. 

Bv 

B. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

D.

D. 

D.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.

SALT CREEK NEAR KENTNEY, ILL.

Location. At highway bridge about 3 miles west of Kenney, 111., near the west 

boundary of T. 19 N., E. 1 E., about three-fourths mile below the Vandalia 

Railroad bridge.

Records available. February 14, 1908, to October 2, 1912; October 30 to December 31, 1912, when station was finally discontinued.

Drainage area. 459 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to the bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Section is at a pool; discharge measurements to date indicate that the 

point of control is practically permanent.
tTPPEB MISSISSIPPI BIVEB DBAINAGE BASIN. 165

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Hoods. The flood of 1882 is said to have been 1J feet higher than that of 1908, or to

have reached a height of about 16 feet by the present gage. 

Winter flow. Ice sometimes affects the relation between gage height and discharge

during portions of December, January, and February.

Discharge measurements of Salt Creek near Kenney, III., in 1912. 

[Hydrographer, P. S. Monk.]

Date.

July 29.... .........................................................................

29.............................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.30

«2.27

Di&. 

charge.

Sec.-ft. 

106

103

"Measurement made by wading at about 10 feet below regular section.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Salt Creek near Kenney, III., for 1912. 

[Chris McDennott, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

8...............

7.... ...........

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12............... i^

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

ZL... ............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

3.7

3.2

3.45

4.0

"3.5

«3.1

a 3. 15

«3.05

«3.0

02.95

<*2.85

2.15

<*6.2

05.5

4.2

4.2

a3.4

9 a

« 3.0 

"3.1

Feb.

a2.8

2.0

1.5

<*2.35

"2.35

«4.6

"5.0

5.6

a 5! 2

«5.0

a 4.0

«2.7

3.3

7.7

7.3

7.7

7.7

Mar.

6.0

4.6

3.8

3.25

3.0

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.5

2.75

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.5

5.8

5.-9

8.5

10.2

13.0

10.8

8.8

6.0

8.0

8.0

6.9

6.5

6.7

7.4

10.1

11.0 

9.4

Apr.

6.0

6.5

5.9

4.8

4.7

4.5

6.1

6.1

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.8

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.0

7.3

8.2

9.0

7.2

6.1

6.7

6.1

5.5

4.8

5.0

4.8

5.9

9.3

9.6

May.

10.8

8.0

7.0

6.0

8.2

7.3

6.2

5.3

4.4

4.4

44

5.3

6.7

6.2

5.6

5.1

4. 7

4.4

4.0

3.8

3.5

3.4

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.85

3.5

3.1

2.85

June.

2.7

2.75

2.65

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.2

2 2

2.2

2.1

2.05

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2 1

2.1

2 1

2.05

2.8

3.0

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.7

July.

1.7

2.4

1.8

4.9

4.4

3.5

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.75

2.7

4.4

J 4.0

3.9

2.8

2.5

2.15

2.15

2.05

1.95

1.9

2.7

3.0

2.5

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.8

2.3

2.0 

2.0

Aug.

1.8

1.8

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.5

1.6

1.8

1.85

1.7

1.6

1.8

1.75

1.65

1.6

1.75

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1 55

1.5

1.5

1.4 

1.4

Sept.

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.5

1.3

' 1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.3

1.2

Oct.

1.1

1.2

1.3 

1.4

Nov.

2.2

2.45

2.25

2 25

2.0

2.65

3.9

3.7

3.4

3.0

2.8

2.6

4.6

4.7

4.2

3.6

3.4

3.1

2.9

2 8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.0

2.0

Dec.

2.0

2 1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.05

2.0

1 Q

1.7

2.0

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9 -1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8 

1.75

a Qage height to top of ice.

NOTE. Relation ol gage height to discharge aflected by ice about Jan. 3 to Feb. 23. 

ice 6 to 9 Inches in thickness from Jan. 12 to Feb. 15.

Observer reported
166 SITEPACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PABT V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Salt Creek near Kenney, III., for 1912.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16 ..............

17...............

18...:...........

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

386

266

Feb.

170

288

1,810

1.620

1,810

1.810

Mar.

1,100

645

412

277

225

170

162

153

137

179

115

108

108

1,030

1,070

2,190

3,070

4,680

2,330

1,100

1 950

1*950

1,450

1,290

1,370

1,670

3,020

3,520

2,630

Apr.

1,100

1,290

1,070

707

676

614

1,140

1,140

770

614

467

412

495

495

467

467

2,050

2,430

1,580

1,140

1,370

1,140

933

707

770

707

1,070

2,580

2,740

May.

3,410

1,950

1,490

1,100

2,050

1,620

1,170

867

584

584

584

867

1,370

1,170

Qflfl

802

676

584

467

412

335

311

266

245

225

188

170

197

335

245

197

June.

170

162

153

137

137

122

OK

95

95

. 82

76

70

70

70

70

82

82

82

76

188

225

95

70

59

54

4Q

44

44

40

July.

40

122

49

738

584

335

225

170

153

179

170

584

467

439

188

137

88

88

76

64

59

170

225

137

82

70

59

49

108

70

70

Aug.

49

4Q

36

36

32

28

28

25

32

49

54

40

32

49

44

36

32

44

49

40

32

59

49

49

49

40

28

25

25

19

19

Sept.

19

19

19

14

25

14

14

14

10

10

10

10

6

14

10

10

10

14

10

14

14

10

14

14

14

6

10

6

14

10

Oct.

6

10

14

19

Nov.

95

130

102

102

70

162

439

386

311

225

188

153

645

676

524

360

311

245

206

188

170

153

137

122

122

108

102

95

70

70

Dec.

70

82

82

82

82

76

76

70

59

40

70

49

59

59

54

59

59

59

54

54

49

49

59

59

59

59

59

59

49

49

44

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 10 and 467 second-feet (gage 

heights 1.2 and 4.0 feet). Above gage height 4.0 feet the rating curve depends upon one discharge measurement made in 1908 at gage height 10.5 feet. The two discharge measurements made in 1912 verified the 

1911 rating curve, indicating no change in the relation of gage height 19 discharge. Discharge Jan. 3 to 

Feb. 23 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, climatologic records, and discharge 

of adjacent drainage areas, as follows: Jan. 3 to 31,230 second-feet; Feb. 1 to 23,130 second-feet. These estimates of discharge for periods when the relation of gage height to discharge is believed to have been affected 

by ice are based on insufficient data and therefore should oe used with caution.

Monthly discharge of Salt Creels near Kenney, III., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 459 square miles.]

Month.

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

i,si6

4,680 

2,740 

3,410 

225 

738 

59 

25

676 

82

Minimum.

108 

412 

170 

40 

40 

19 

6

70 

40

Mean.

236 

362 

1,340 

1,090 

821 

99.1 

193 

38.0 

12.6

222 

60.9

Per 

square 

mile.

0.514 

.789 

2.92 

2.37 

1,79 

.216 

.420 

.083 

.028

.484 

.133

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area)

0.59 

.85 

3.37 

2.64 

2.06 

.24. 

.48 

.10 

.03

.54 

.15

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

C. 

C.

A. 

B.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.
TIPPEB MISSISSIPPI ETVEB DBAIBTAGE BASIET. 167

CAHOKIA CEEEK NEAE POAG, ILL.

Location. At the Wabash Eailroad bridge, about three-fourths mile northeast of 

the Wabash Railroad station at Poag, 111.

Records available. December 13, 1909, to April 6, 1912. Station discontinued 

April 7, 1912.

Drainage area. 259 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage fastened to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Floods.-1-Maximum gage height since establishment of gage, 19.0 feet, occurred in 

October, 1911. See notes under "Accuracy." No available record of floods prior 

to installation of gage.

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation between gage height and discharge during 

short periods in December, January, and February.

Accuracy. The high water of October, 1911, was due to cutting off. the flood channel to the east of the main channel by a levee built by the East Side Levee and 

Sanitary District. On April 7, 1912, Cahokia Creek was diverted west from a 

point near Poag into the Mississippi River just below the mouth of the Missouri 

instead of flowing into the river near Eads bridge, East St. Louis, 111.

Remarks. The data collected are being used by the East Side Levee and Sanitary 

District of East St. Louis, 111., in its study for flood control and prevention at 

that place.

No discharge measurements were made at this station during 1912. -

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cahokia Creek near Poag, III., for 1912. 

[S. T. Sanders, observer.]

Day.

1. ..............

2

S.......... ......

6................

7................

8...............

9.. ...... ..:..- -

10...............

11................

12................

13................

14................

IS................

Jan.

5.8

5.2

4.6

4.2

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

63.2

3.2

3.2

Feb.

3.1

2.8

3.3

Mar.

10.0

7.8

6.1

5.0

4.3

6.0

7.2

7.0

6.3

6.0

6.8

7.3

8.0

8.6

12.1

Apr.

11.4

19 n

14.1

10.0

8.2

012.8

Day. .

16................

17................

18................

19...............

20...............

21................

99

23................

24................

25...............

26...............

27................

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.8

6.5

6.3

5.0

5.4

5.8

66.0

5.8

5.5

Feb.

4.0

6.3

6.8

6.0

5.2

4.8

4.2

6.0

14.4

14.0

16.6

12.0

Mar.

14.2

16.0

16.3

14.0

12.2

13.4

14. 0

10.2

7.9

6.4

8.4

12.0

14.2

15.3

16.8

14.0

Apr.

a Gage heights worthless after Apr. 6. See "Accuracy" in station description. 

6 Gage height to top of ice.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan; 6 to Feb. 17. Observer reported 

ice about 5 inches thick from Jan. 18 to Feb. 8.
168 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1912, PAST V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of CahoMa Creek near Poag, III., for 1912.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3................

4................

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

Jan.

155

123

93

75

53

Feb. Mar.

641

335

173

70

167

269

249

iftft

167

OOfl

O7Q

3*Q

433

1,020

Apr.

887

1 000

1^470

641

QQQ

1,170

Day.

16...............

17................

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22................

oo

24...............

9<i

26................

27...............

28...............

29...............

30

si

Jan. Feb.

67

188

230

167

123

103

75

113

1,550

1,440

3,380

1,000

Mar.

1,490

2,630

3,000

1,449

1 fUfl

1,300

1,440

675

347

196

407

1,000

1,490

1,930

3,630

1,440

Apr.

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 35 and 1,350 second-feet 

(gage heights 3.0 and 13.6 feet). Above 1,350 second-feet the rating curve is based on one discharge measurement at gage height 16.25 feet.

Discharge Jan. 6 to Feb. 17 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, climatologic 

records, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, as follows: Jan. 6-31,40 second-feet; Feb. 1-17,25 secondfeet. These estimates of discharge for periods when the relation of gage height to discharge is believed 

to have been affected by ice are based on insufficient data, and therefore should be used with caution.

Monthly discharge of Cahofcia Creek near Poag, III., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 259 square miles.]

Month.

March...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,380

3,630

Minimum.

79

Mean.

49.6 

306 

903

Per 

square 

mile.

0.192 

1.18 

3.51

Kun-oft (depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.22 

1.27 

4.05

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

C.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.

KASKASKIA RIVER NEAR ARCOLA, ILL.

Location. At highway bridge known as the "Bagdad Bridge," about 4 miles west

of Arcola, 111., in the northwest part of T. 14 N., R. 7 E.

Becords available. April 11, 1908, to September 30, 1912; November 1 to December 31, 1912, when station was finally discontinued. 

Drainage area. 390 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Probably permanent. Discharge measurements to date indicate thai

the point of control is permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge or by wading. 

Floods. The flood of May, 1908, reached a height of 17.3 feet on the gage. 

Winter flow. Ice sometimes affects the relation between gage height and discharge

during portions of December, January, and February.

The following discharge measurement was ,made by wading at a section about 50 

feet below the bridge by P. S. Monk: 

July 27, 1912: Gage height, 2.13 feet; discharge, 17.0 second-feet.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI BIVEB DRAINAGE BASIN.

fWgr« TifigfAf, in feet, of KaakasMa River near Arcola, III., for 191%. 

[L. L. Pfeifer, observer.]

Day.

2"""""""."

!:::::::::::::::

5...............

6............... 

7............... 

8...............

9...............

10...............

11............... 12.......:.......

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21............... 

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.4 

5.4 

5.3 

5.3

5.3

5.3 

5.3 

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

8.6

8.0

7.8

7.8

7.7 

7.5

7.5

Feb.

""s's"

5.3

8.0

.......

7.4

7.4

7.7

8.1

8.1

Mar.

11.3 

9.9 

8.4 

7.2

6.9

6.0

5.7 

5.4

5.0

4.6

4.9

5.0

5.1

5.1

6.2

6.3

6.8

7.7

7.9

8.1

8.4 

8.7

8.9

Q 1

9.3

9 g

10.1

10.4

10.7

10.9

11.2

Apr.

9.4 

9.3 

9.3 

9.2

9.1

9.0 

8.9 

8.9

8.7

8.7

a ft

a ft

8.6

8.4

8.4

8.3

8.1

8.0

7.9

7.9

9.0 

9.1

Q ft

8.8

ft A

8.S

8.4

7 Q

8.9

Q 7

May.

9.6 

9.6 

9.6 

Q 4

9.2

9.0 

9.0

8.9

8.7

8.6

a 4

8.2

8.4

8.4

9.0

9.1

Q 1

9.0

8.9

8.7

8.6 

8.4

8.1

7.8

7.7

7.6

7.4

7.2

7.2

7.0

6.8

June.

6.6 

6.4 

6.2 

6.0

5.8

5.6 

5.4

5.1

5.0

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.1

4.0

4.0

5.3

6.8

6.9

7.1

6.7

6.4 

5.9

5.6

5.4

5.1

4.8

4.6

4.5

4.2

4.0

-

July.

4.1 

4.2 

4.5 

5.1

5.9

5.7 

5.5

4.7

4.3

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.9

4.0

4.6

4.8

.......

3.0

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.0

2.0

Aug.

2.0 

1.9 

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7 

1.7 

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.1

2.0

2.4

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.0

2.4

2.4

2.3 

2.4

5.6

5.6

5.1

5.0

4.8

4.4

3.8

3.6

3.1

Sept.

3.0

2.8 

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.4 

2.1 

2.0

1.9

1.9

. 1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0 

1.0

0.9

.9

.8

.8

.7

.7

.7

.6

Oct.

.......

.......

.......

Nov.

0.6 

.6

.8 

.8

1.0

1.2

1.4 

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3 

1.3

1.2

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

Dee.

1.2 

1.2 

1.1 

1.1

1.0

1.0 

1.6 

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

0.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 4 to Feb.: 

ice 2 to 8 inches thick during January and 5 to 8 inches during February.

Observer reported

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kaskaskia River near Arcola, III., for 191%.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

Jan.

254

254

244

Feb. Mar.

1,710

1,230

767

500

448

320

287

254

214

178

206

214

224

224

345

35S

432

598

642

689

Apr.

1,070

1,030

1,030

1,000

971

940

909

909

850

850

822

822

822

767

767

740

689

665

642

642

May.

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,070

1,000

940

940

909

850

822

767

714

767

767

940

971

971

940

909

850

June.

401

372

345

320

298

276

254

224

214

187

187

178

138

130

130

244

432

448

482

416

July.

138

146

170

224

309

287

265

187

154

130

.122

114

93

122

130

178

173

150

127

Aug.

15

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

10

15

18

15

29

38

29

25

21

15

29

29

Sept.

58

48

48

43

38

29

18

15

12

12

10

8

6

5

4

3

2

2

1.5

1.0

Oct. Nov.

0.1

.1

.5

.5

1.0

2.0

4

4

3

2

2

4

6

6

5

5

4

4

3

3

Dee.

2

2

1.5

1.5

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.0

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.5

.5

.5
170 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET V. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofKaskaskia River near Arcola, III.,for 1912 Contd.

Day.

a.. .............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan. Feb.

689

Mar.

767

850

909

971

i nan

1,190

1,290

1,390

1,500

1,560

1,670

Apr.

940

071

940

879

822

794

767

642

909

1,160

May.

822

767

689

620 f;os

577

537

500

500

465

432

June.

372

309

276

254

224

196

178

170

146

130

July.

104

81

58

43

43

38

18

21

21

15

15

Aug.

25

29

276

276

224

214

196

162

114

98

64

Sept.

1.0

1.0

.7

.7

.5

.5

.3

.3

.3

.1

Oct. Nov.

3

3

2

4

4

3

,3

3

2

2

Dec.

0,5

.5

.5

.5

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well denned between 15 and 665 second-feet (gage 

heights 2.0 and 8.0 feet), and fairly well denned between 689 and 1,710 second-feet (gage heights 8.1 and 

11.3 feet). Discharge Jan. 4 to Feb. 28 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights observer's notes, climatologic records and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, as follows: Jan. 4 to 31,190 second-feet; Feb. 1 to 

28,2op second-feet. These estimates of discharge for periods when the relation of gage height to discharge 

is believed to have been affected by ice are based on insufficient data and therefore should be used with 

caution.

Discharge July 18 to 22 interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Kaskaskia River near Arcola, III., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 390 square miles.]

Month.

March

May....................................

June. ...................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,710 

1,160 

1,130 

482 

309 

276 

58

6

2

Itf ITlfflfl 11TT1T

178 

642 

432 

130 

15 

6 

.1

.1 

.3

Mean.

196 

217 

741 

859 

807 

264 

125 

65.5 

12.3

2.94 

.82

Per 

square 

mile.

0.503 

.556 

1.90 

2.20 

2.07 

.677 

.321 

.168 

.032

.0075 

.0021

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.58 

.60 

2.19 

2.46 

2.39 

.76 

.37 

.19 

.04

.008 

.002

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

D.

D.

D.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.

KASKASKIA RIVER AT SHELBYVTLLE, ILL.

Location. At highway bridge in the eastern edge of Shelbyville, 111., just above 

the Chicago & Eastern Illinois and Big Four railroad bridges.

Records available. February 25, 1908, to September 30, 1912: November 1, to 

December 31, 1912, when station was finally discontinued.

Drainage area. 1,030 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Somewhat shifting; section at a pool; point of control unchanged.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Floods. Maximum gage height since establishment of gage is 25.8 feet which occurred 

in May, 1908. No available records of floods prior to installation of gage.

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation between gage height and discharge during parts of December, January, and February.

Accuracy. During high water the relation of gage height to discharge is liable to be 

affected by backwater caused by drift lodging at the two railroad bridges below 

the gaging station.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 171

Discharge measurements of Kaskaskia River at Shelbyville, III., in 1912. 

[Hydrographer, P. S. Monk.]

Date.

July 24.. ............................................................................

Aug. 23. ............................................................................

height.

Feet. 

6.18

7.58

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

226

653

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kaskaskia River at Shelbyville, III., far 191%. 

[Homer Pound, observer.]

Day.

1......... ......

2...............

3...............

4...............

5.. .............

6...............

7...............

8...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27............... 

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

8.8

8.7

8.7

8.6

8.6

8.6

8.6

8.7

8.8

8.6

8.4

8.2

8.0

8.0

.......

12.3

11.2

10.9

10.5

10.2

9.9

9.8 

9.7

9.2

8.9

8.5

Feb.

ai

7.7

7.5

7.4

7.4

7.3

7.2

7.1

7.0

6.9

6.9

6.8

6.8

6.7

6.7

6.9

7.1

7.4 

8.4

9.4

9.2

9.0

8.9

9.2

12.3

16.7

17.3 

1&9

18.8

Mar.

17.6

17.5

16.1

14.5

12.6

10.5

9.6

8.7

8.8

8.9

8.2

7.8

7.4

10.2

14.8

16.2

17.9

18.3 

18.9

19.0

19.4

19.3

18.7

17.6

16.6

16.1

15.6 

14.1

17.1

17.1

16.9

Apr.

16.8

16.5

16.9

16.5

18.5

14.5

13.3

12.1

11.5

11.1

10.9

10.8

10.7

10.7

10.5

10.4

10.3

10.2 

10.7

11.2

11.8

11.5

11.1

10.9

10.1

10.8

11.9 

13.5

15.3

17.0

May.

17.3

16.4

1H O

15.2

14.9

13.0

12.1

11.2

10.9

10.4

10.1

9.9

9.8

9.7

9.8

9.9

9.7

9.4 

9.0

8.8

8.4

8.0

7.9

7.6

7.4

7.2

7.2 

7.4

7.3

7.5

7.4

June.

7.3

7.2

7.0

6.9

6.8

6.7

6.6

6.5

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.1

6.1

7.3

7.7

7.4 

7.6

7.9

8.0

7.6

7.2

7.0

6.8

6.6

7.7 

6.6

6.5

6.4

July.

6.3

6.2

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.4

6.3

8.5

7.3

6.9

6.7

8.9

8.2

7.4

7.3

7.2 

7.1

7.0

6.6

6.3

6.2

6.1

6.0

6.8

6.5

5.4

5.3

5.8

5.8

Aug.

5.7

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.5

' f, 4

5.4 f, i

5.5

5.6

5.9

6.1

6.6

6.7

6.4

6.2

6.5 

7.2

8.0

9.9

8.4

7.9

7.2

6.7

7.6

6.8 

6.1

6.0

5.9

5.8

Sept.

5.7

6.0

6.2

6.8

6.5

6.1

5.9

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3 

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3 

5.3

5.2

5.2

Oct.

.......

Nov.

5.2

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.5

5.6

5.7

5.8

5.7

5.7

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4 

5.4

5.4

5.4

Dec.

5.3

5.3

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.3

5.3 

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.3

5.3 

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 5 to Feb. 21; gage heights, Jan. 6 

to 13, Jan. 21 to Feb. 18 and Dec. 12 to 15 were read to top of ice. Observer reported ice about 8 inches 

thick on Jan. 14.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kaskaskia River at Shelbyville, III., for 1912.

Day.

1.... ...........

2...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

10...............

11.....'..........

12...............

13...............

14...............

16.. ............ .

Jan.

1,110

1,070

1,070

1,030

Feb. Mar.

5,680

5,620

4,820

3,920 *> onn

1,860

1,450

1,070

1,110

1,150

882

738

596

1,720

4,090

Apr.

5,220

5,040

5,270

5,040

6,200

3,920

3,260

2,650

2,350

2,150

2,050

2,000

1,960

1,960

1,860

May.

5,500

4,990

4,700

4,310

4 I4a

3,100

2,650

2,200

2,050

1,810

1,680

1,580

1,540

1,490

1.540

June.

562

528

462

430

399

369

340

312

284

257

257

231

231

206

206

July.

257

231

284

257

257

284

312

284

257

994

562

430

369

1,150

8S2

Aug.

122

105

105

90

90

90

76

76

76

90

105

160

206

340

369

Sept.

122

182

231

399

312

206

160

105

90

76

76

72

67

63

63

Oct. Nov.

51

63

63

63

90

105

122

140

122

122

105

105

105

105

90

Dec.

63

63

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

76
172 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kaskaskia River at Skelbyville, III., for 1912 Gontd.

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan. Feb.

1,190

1,150

1,270

2,750

5,160

5,500

6,440

6,380

Mar.

4,870

5,850

6,090

6,440

6,500

6,740

6,680

6,320

5,680

5,100

4,820

4,540

3,700

5,390

5,390

5,270

Apr.

1,810

1,770

1,720

I Qfift

2,200

2,500

2,350

2,150

2,050

1,680

2,000

2,550

3,380

4,370

5,330

May.

1,580

1,490

1,360

1 10ft

1,110

956

810

774

666

' 596

528

528

596

562

630

596

June.

562

702

596

666

774

810

666

528

462

399

340

702

 340

312

284

July.

596

562

528

495

462

340

257

231

206

182

399

312

76

63

140

140

Aug.

284

231

312

528

810

1,580

956

774

528

369

666

399

206

182

160

140

Sept.

63

63

63

63

63

63

63

63

63

63

63

63

63

51

51

Oct. Nov.

90

90

90

on

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

Dec^

76

63

63

63

61

51

51

51

51

63

63

63

63

63

63

63

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve poorly denned below 182 second-feet (gage height, 

6.0 feet) and well defined between 206 and 7,100 second-feet (gage heights, 6.1 and 20.0 feet). This rating 

curve differs from that used for 1911 below 528 second-feet (gage height, 7.2 feet), as a result of the two discharge measurements made during 1912. Discharge Jan. 5 to Feb. 21 estimated, because of ice. from gage 

heights, observer's notes, climatologic records, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, as follows: Jan. 

5 to 31,820 second-feet; Feb. 1 to 21,300 second-feet. These estimates of discharge for periods when the relation 

of gage height to discharge is believed to have been affected by ice are based on insufficient data and therefore should be used with caution. No reduction made because of possible effect of ice in December.

Monthly discharge of Kaskaslda River at Shelbymlle, III., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 1,030 square miles.]

Month.

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,440 

6,740 

6,200 

5,500 

810 

1,150 

1,580 

399

140 

76

Minimum.

 596 

1,680 

528 

206 

63 

76 

51

51 

51

Mean. .

852 

1,250 

4,100 

2,960 

1,850 

441 

381 

330 

105

88.2 

66.9

Per 

square 

mile.

0.827 

1.21 

3.98 

2.87 

1.80 

.428 

.370 

.320 

.102

.086 

.065

Run-off 

(depth hi 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.95 

1.30 

4.59 

3.20 

2.08 

.48 

.43 

.37 

.11

.10 

.07

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C.

C. 

D.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.

KASKASKIA RIVER AT VANDALIA, ILL.

Ijocation. At highway bridge at the east end of Main Street, Vandalia, 111.

Becords available. February 26, 1908, to October 4, 1912; November 1 to December 31, 1912, when station was finally discontinued.

Drainage area. 1,980 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Somewhat shifting; section is at a pool; point of control is apparently 

permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Floods. The flood of May, 1908, reached a height of 21.2 feet on the gage; flood of 

1882 was about 22 and that of 1875 about 22.8.
T7PFEB MISSISSIPPI BIVBE BBAINAGE BASIN. 173

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation between gage heights and discharge during portions of December, January, and February.

Remarks. The river is leveed along the left bank for some miles above and below 

the station. It is said that the levees, by confining the floods, cause unnatural 

flood heights along the right bank, and lawsuits to recover damages have resulted. 

During extreme floods the levees sometimes give way and so reduce the flood 

height; this occurred during the floods of May, 1908, and October, 1911, flood 

water for several days passing around the gaging station. Former statements 

that all the flood water eventually passed the gaging station are in error.

Discharge measurements of Ka&kaskia River at Vandalia, III., in 1912. 

[Hydrographer, P. S. Monk.]

Date.

Aug. S... .......................................................................... yi. ............................................................................

Gage 

height.

leet. 

3.08

8.84

Discharge.

Sec.-/* 

276

2, HO

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kaskaskia River at Vandalia, III., for 1912. 

[W. F. KadcliS, observer.]

Day.

1.... ...........

2...............

3...............

4... ............

S... ............ 

6.. .............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11............... 

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16............... 

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23............... 

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

8.2

9.9

10.2

10.0

9.4 

8.6

7.9

7.4

7.2

7.0

6.8

fi 9

5.8

5.4

5.0

5.2 

5.2

5.1

5.1

4.9

5.0

6.0

9.1

10.5

12.2

11.5

9.0

7.0

6.6

6.2

5.9

Feb.

5.9

5.7

5.5

5.4

5.0 

4rT

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.0 

4.0

3.9

3.8 "4.2

4.4 

4.5

4.8

7.2

7.0

6.8

6.7

7.0

9

n

11.0

15.2

18.5

10 9

19.6

Mar.

18.3

17.8

 15.8

14.6

12.4 

10.0

8.5

8.2

7.0

6.6

6.1

6.5

8.7

13.6

15.8

17.1 

18.5

19.2

19.6

19.8

19.6

19.8

19.8 

19.0

18.0

18.3

18.6

19.0

19.8

20.1

19.6

Apr.

19.2

18.4

17.8

17.6

17.3 

17.0

16.1

15.2

13.0

11.7

10.0 

9.3

8.7

8.5

8.3

8.3 

11.6

13.4

14.1

13.4

12.4

12.0

11.9 

10 7

9.8

13.6

16.8

18.2

18.7

17.2

May.

15.9

15.2

14.9

14.8

14.5

14.5

14.4

12.8

11.4

10.0

9.2

8.6

8.4

8.4

8

0

8.2 

8.2

8.2

8.2

8.2

8.1

7.8

7.6

7 9

6.7

6.2

6.7

7.8

8.8

9.9

9.9

June.

10.4

10.5

9.5

8.2

7.0 

6.2

5.0

4

0

4.4

4.1

3.9 

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.45

3.7

4.5

5.4

6.6

7 9

6.8

6.0

5.4 

5,0

4.8

4.4

3.45

4.0

4.2

3.35

July3.2

5iO

8.0

9.0

7.0 

5.1

5.0

4.7

4.5

4.8 

6.3

5.6

11.1

12.6

8.4 

7.0

6.2

5.6

4.6

4.0

3.6

3.45 

3.45

3.3

3.25

5.0

6.5

9.0

6.6

5.8

Aug.

5.3

3.9

3.15

3.1

2.95

2.75

2.45

2:4

2.4

2.4

2.8 

4.4

5.5

5.2

4.4

4.2

4.2

3.9

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.3 

3.2

3.5

5.3

6.5

6.2

5.3

4.2

4.1

Sept.

4.0

4.9

4.5

3.8

3.8 

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.45

3.4

3.4 

3.4

3.1

3.05

3.3

2.95 

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.2 

2.1

1.85

1.75

1.7

1.55

1.4

1.15

Oct.

1.10

.90

.85

.75

.......

.......

.......

.......

Nov.

1.5

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.55 

1.5

1.4

1.8

1.75

1.6

1.5 

1.4

1.25

1.2

1.15

1.1 

1.35

2.0

2.75

3.05

2.65

1.8

1.45 

1.3

1.25

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.0

Dec.

1.0

1.15

1.55

1.75

2.0

2.45

2.1

2.0

1.85

1.8

1.7 

1.65

1.6

1.45

1.3

1.3 

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.0

1.0

1.25

1.1 

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.25

1.3

1.4

1.45

1.5

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 2 to 25 and Feb. 3 to 23. 

Observer reported ice 5 inches thick on Jan. 15 with river entirely frozen over and ice gorged at the railroad bridge above the gaging station on Feb. 4.
174 SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1912, PAET V.

Daily discharge, w, second-feet, ofKaskaskia River at Vandalia, III., far 191%.

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4. ..............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

1Q

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30

01

Jan.

1,800

3,180

2,120

1,360

1,230

1,100

1,010

Feb.

1,010

945

2,120

2 Qfirt

6,440

6,780

6,970

Mar.

6,340

6,100

5,140

4,'580

3 <W3fl

2,540

1,920

1,800

1,360

I

oort

1,070

1,200

2,000

4,120

5,140

1 77ft

6,440

6,780

6,970

7 060

6,970

7 060

7*060

6,680

6,200

6,340

6,490

6,680

7,060

7,210

6 

' 970

Apr.

6,780

6,390

6,100

6,010

5,860

5,720

5,290

4 860

3^840

3,270

2,540

2,250

2

/WI

1 920

1,840

1,840

3,220

4,020

4

qcn

4,020

3,580

3 <inn

3,360

2,830

2,460

4,120

5,620

6,300

6,540

5,820

May.

5.190

4,860

4,710

4,670

4,530

4,530

4,480

3,750

3,140

2

iun

2,200

1 Qfirt

1,880

1,880

1,800

1,800

1 800

1,800

1 SfKl

1,800

1,760

1,650

1,580

1,430

1,260

1,100

1,260

1,650

2,040

2,500

2

EAft

June.

2,710

2,750

2,330

1,800

1,360

1,100

738

520

573

446

399

377

. 377

346

OQQ

600

854

1,230

1,430

1,290

1,040

854

738

682

573

346

470

520

326

July.

297

738

1,720

2,120

1,360

766

573

738

654

600

682

1,130

914

3,000

3,660

1,880

1,360

1,100

Q14

627

470

377

346

346

316

306

738

1,200

2,120

1,230

976

Aug.

824

446

288

279

254

222

178

172

172

172

229

573

884

795

573

520

520

446

422

 377

336

336

316

297

356

824

1,200

1,100

824

520

495

Sept.

470

610

600

422

422

377

377

356

346

336

336

336

279

270

316

254

199

185

172

166

160

160

149

139

117

109

105

94

83

70

Oct.

67

58

56

52

Nov.

90

105

105

105

94

90

83

113

109

97

90

83

74

72

- 70

67

80

130

222

270

206

113

86

77

74

70

67

67

64

62

Pec.

62

70

91

109

130

178

139

130

117

113

105

101

97

86

77

77

72

72

70

62

62

74

67

67

67

70

74

77

83

86

90

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well denned between 262 and 2,540 second-feet 

(gage heights 3 and 10 feet). This curve differs from that used 1908-1911; change in the relation of gage 

height to discharge probably occurred about Oct. 3,1911. Discharge Oct. Jto Dec. 31,1911. published in 

Water-Supply Paper 305, has not been revised by new curve. Discharge Jan. 2 to 25, and Feb. 3 to 23> 

estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, climatologic records and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, as follows: Jan. 2 to 25, 850 second-feet; Feb. 3 to 23,450 second-feet. These estimates of discharge for periods when the relation of gage height to discharge is believed to have been 

affected by ice are based on insufficient data and therefore should be used with caution.

Monthly discharge ofKaskaskia River at Vandalia, III., for 191%. 

[Drainage area, 1,980 square miles.]

Month.

]UTarph _ .

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

December. ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,970 

7,210 

6,780 

5,190 

2,750 

3,660 

1,200 

610

270 

178

Minimum.

1,070 

1,840 

1,100 

326 

297 

172 

70

62 

62

Mean.

1,040 

1,430 

5,030 

4,200 

2,580 

922 

1,070 

482 

267

101 

89.6

Per 

square 

" mile.

0.525 

.722 

2.54 

2.12 

1.30 

.466 

.540 

.243 

.135

.051 

.045

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.61 

.78 

2.93 

2.36 

1.50 

.52 

.62 

.28 

.15

.06 

.05

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

B.

C. 

D.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.
T7PPEB MISSISSIPPI BIVEB DRAINAGE BASIN. 175

KASKASEIA RIVER AT CARLYLE, ILL.

Location. At the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad bridge about onefourth mile east of the railroad station at Carlyle, 111,

Records available. March 2, 1908, to September 30,1912; November 1 to Decem- 

, ber 31, 1912, when station was finally discontined.

Drainage area. 2,680 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably shifting. Measurements during 1912 indicate a change in the 

point of control. Main channel is broken by three bridge piers and flood channel 

by four additional piers.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of deck bridge.

Floods. The flood of 1882, which is the highest known, is said to have attained a 

height 1J feet above the flood of 1908, or about 32.5 feet on the present gage.

Winter flow. Ice may effect the relation between gage height and discharge during 

portions of December, January, and February.

Artificial control. A dam 3£ feet high, about 700 feet above the section, is used 

to store water for the city of Carlyle. The average amount pumped is about 3,500,- 

000 gallons every 30 days, and during June, July, and August, about 4,500,000 

gallons every 30 days. The outfalls of one section of the city sewage system and 

some private sewers are above the section, so that the diversion is negligible.

Accuracy. See footnotes .to table of daily discharge.

Remarks. The stream never goes dry and during low water the water is hard, 

which indicates that the flow is kept up by springs.

Discharge measurements of Kaskaskia River at Carlyle, III., in 1912. 

[Hydrographer, P. S. Monk.]

Date.

Aug. 19.............................................................................

19.....'......-.... .............................................................

height.

Feet. 

12.76

12. SI

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,990

2,020

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kaskaslcia River at Carlyle, III., for 1912. 

[G. J. Klier, observer.]

Day.

1. .............. 

2.. .............

3... ............

4...............

5.. .......... 

6 ............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12............... 

13...............

14...............

15...............

Jan.

14.2 

14.2

13.5

12.1

all.5

alO.7

alO.5

ol0.4

10.9

.......

Feb.

12.3 

11.6

11.1

10.9

10.5

9.7

9.5

9.4

9.1 

8.9

8.8

8.7 

8.5

8.4

8.3

Mar.

22.8 

22.9

23.1

23.2

23.2 

23.0

22.6

22.1

21.2 

19.3

16.2

14.7 

13.3

15.1

19.2

Apr.

25.7 

24.9

9,4 o

24.0 

23.5

23.0

22.7

22.5 

22.2

22.0

21.9 

21.2

20.4

19.9

May.

23.8 

24.1

23.8

23.5

23.1 

22.8

22.2

22.0

21.8 

21.6

21.2

20.9 

20.2

19.4

18.0

June.

15.6 

11.0

13.2

12.6

11.1 

lfr.1

9.5

9.2

8.9 

8.7

8.4

8.2 

8.1

7.9

9.3

July.

9.6 

10.1

10.7

12.5

13.4 

13.6

13.3

11.3

9.9

8.7

8.3

8.1 

8.0

13.0

15. ft

Aug.

12.2 

10.0

8.4

7 8

7.3 

7.0

6.9

6.8

6.9 

6.9

7.5

7.4 

7.7

8.4

10.7

Sept.

8.1 

7.9

7.5

6 Q

8.8 

9.1

8.5

7.6

7.2 

7.8

6.6

6.5 

6.4

6.3

6.1

Oct.

-------

.......

.......

Nov.

5.6 

5.9

6.1

6.7

6.5 

6.0

6.2

6.6

6.6 

6.5

6.2

6.1 

6.8

6.5

6.3

Dec.

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.3

5.3 

5.3

5.5

5.5

5.4 

5.4

5.4

5.4 

5.3

fi.3

5.3

Gage height to top of ice.
176 SUBFACE WATBB SUPPLY, 1912, PABT V. 

Daily gage height, in feet, ofKaskaskia River at Carlyle, III., for 1912 Continued.

Day.

16...............

17...............

is

19......:........

20............... 

21...............

22...............

23............... 

24...............

25...............

26............... 

27....... ........

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

9.7

13.2

ol7.8 

118.8

19.1

19.3 

19.3

18.8

17-6 

16.6 

15.5

14.4 

13.9

13.0

Feb.

8.3

8.4

8.5

9.9

11.5 

11.8

11.7

11.4 

11.8

14.6

18.9 

20.0 

20.7

21.9

.......

Mar.

20.4

21.2

22.9

22.7

23.4 

23.9

24.6

24.7 

24.5

24.4

24.4 

24.5 

24.9

25.2 

25.6

25.9

Apr.

18.9

18.1

17.4

18.2

18.6 

19.1

10 A.

19.6 16 7

19.8

20.3

21.2 

22<0

22.5

03 9

May.

14.8

14-1

13.5

13.4

12.9 

12.7

12.1

11.8 

11.7

10.9

10.5 

11.2 

13.5

16.7 

18.2

18.6

June.

11.2

12.0

13.2

12.3

11.1 

10-8

10.4

10.3 

10.2

9.6

9.2 

8.9 

8.6

8.5 

8.4

July.

18.1

19.3

19.6

18.4

14.5 

12.9

10.7

10.1 

8.9

8.5

8.2 

7.9 

7.5

7.7 

10.2

11.9

Aug.

10.5

9.9

11.5

12.7

10.8 

9.7

12.4

12.8 

13.5

10.9

9.9 

9.2

9.1

9.2

8 7

8.4

Sept.

6.3

6.5

6.6

6.5

6.2 

6.2

6.1

6.1 

6.0

6.0

6.0 

5.9 

5.9

5.8

Oct.

.......

.......

.......

.......

Nov.

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.1

6.1 

6.0

6.9

5.8 

6.7

6.7

5.6 

5.6 

5,5

5.5 

5.5

Dec.

fi.3

5.5

5.5

6.4

6.4 

fi,4

6.4

6.3 

5.3

8.3

5.3 

5.3

5.3 

5.3

5.3

<* Gage height to top of ice.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 5 to 25 and Feb. 3 to 17. Observer 

reported ice 9 to 11 inches in thickness from Jan. 12 to 19.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kaskasfcia River at Carlyle, III., for 191%,

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7. ..............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2,360

2,360

2,150

1,730

3,400

3,080

2,750

2,420

2,270

2,000

Feb.

1,790

1,580

705

1,090

1,560

1,640

1,610

1,530

1,640

2 48(1

3,850

4,420

4 cun

6,420

Mar.

7,790

7 <un

8,240

8,390

8,390

8,090

7,480

6,720

5,400

4,050

2 960

2^510

2,090

2,630

4,000

4,700

5,400

7 <un

7,630

8^700

9,460

10,500

10,700

10,400

10,200

10,200

10,400

11,000

11 400

12^000

12,500

Apr.

12,200

11,000

10,200

9,910

9,610

8,850

8,090

7,630

7,330

6,870

6,570

6,420

5,400

4,700

4,360

3,850

3,560

3 <wn

3,590

3,720

3,950

4,100

4,200

4,250

4 inn

4,630

5,400

6,570

7,330

8,390

May.

9,310

9 *7fifl

9,310

8,850

ft ojn

7

"TQA

6,870

6,570

6,270

5,960

5,400

5,120

4,560

4,100

3,530

2,540

2 330

2^150

2,120

1,970

1,910

1,730

1 640

1^610

1,380

1,260

1,470

2,150

3,110

3,590

3,720

June.

2,780

1,410

2,060

1,880

1 AAf\

1,150

980

896

813

759

678

624

597

544

924

1,470

1,700

2 060

1J90

1 440

1,350

1,240

1,210

1,180

1,010

896

813

7QO

705

678

July.

1,010

1,150

1,320

1,850

2,130

2,180

2,090

1,500

1,090

759

651

597

570

2,000

2,780

3,560

4,050

4,200

3,660

2 450

1,970

1,320

1,150

813

705

624

544

iAf\

409

1,180

1,670

Aug.

1,760

1,120

678

518

388

312

290

268

290

290

AAC\

414

492

678

1 ^9.rt

1,260

1,090

1,560

1,910 1 iw

1,040'

1,820

1,940

2,150

I

qoA

1,090

896

868

896

759

678

Sept.

597

544

iU\

290

786

SfiS

705

466

362

518

228

O1A

192

176

145

176

91 fl

99ft

210

160

160

145

145

130

130

130

115

115

- 100

100

Oct. N*T.

170

115

145

248

91 A

IfiA

228

OOQ

9in

160

 145

268 O-IA

1*7A

176

IfiA

160

145

145

130

115

100

Sfi

fifi

73

T*

61

61

61

Bee.

60

Kf\

50

40

40

40

61

61

50

50

60

60

40

40

40

40

61

61

50

60

60

50

40

40

40

40

40

40

40

40

40

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve not well defined. The curve differs from the 

1911 curve below 5,660 second-feet (gage height 21.4 feet) as a result of the two discharge measurements 

made Aug. 19, 1912; the change in relation of gage height to discharge probably occurred about Oct. 7, 

1911, but the discharge values from Oct. 7 to Dec. 31,1911, as published in Water-Supply Paper 305, p. 174, 

have not been revised by the new curve, the maximum error being about 10 per cent. Discharge Jan. 5 

to 25 and Feb. 3 to 17 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes,climatologic records, 

and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, as follows: Jan. 5 to 25,1,150 second-feet; Feb. 3 to 17,750 secondfeet. These estimates of discharge for periods when the relation of gage height to discharge is believed 

to nave been affected by ice are based on insufficient data and therefore should be used with, caution.
TTPPEB MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 177

MonMy discharge of Ka&ka&kia River at Cartyle, Itt., far 1912. 

[Drainage area, 2,680 square miles.]

Month.

January. ................................

February ...............................

March...................................

April....................................

May

July.....................................

August..................................

October.................................

November ..............................

December

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum,

6,420

12,500 

12,200 

9,760 

2,780 

4,200 

2,150 

868

268 

61

Minimum .

2,090 

3,340 

1,260 

644 

440 

268 

100

61 

40

Mean.

1,570 

1,600 

7,740 

6,340 

4,400 

1,190 

1,630 

966 

293

145 

46.3

Per 

square 

mile.

0.586 

.597 

2.89 

2.37 

1.64 

.444 

.608 

.360 

.109

.054 

.017

Run-off 

(depth in 

Inches on 

drainage

area).

 0.68 

.64 

3.33 

2.64 

1.89 

.50 

.70 

.42 

.12

.06 

.02

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

C.

C. 

D.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.

KASKASKIA RIVER AT NEW ATHENS, ILL.

Location. At the Illinois Central Railroad bridge about 600 feet north of the railroad station at New Athens, 111., about 1 mile below the mouth of Silver Creek 

and 3 miles above the mouth of Lively Creek.

Records available. January 23,1907, to September 30,1912; October 30 to December 31,1912, when station was finally discontinued. A record of river heights 

from January 23,1907, to October 28, 1909, was kept by Mr. C. J. von Roth 

Roffy, the present observer, for the New Athens Journal. The river height was 

taken on Wednesday and Thursday mornings of each week, the river height for 

Thursday being published Friday with the change in 24 hours as obtained 

from the river height of Wednesday. This record was kept for the information 

of farmers living on the west side of the river who were cut off from reaching 

town when the river reached a height of 30 feet. The record is authentic. 

The gage heights have been reduced to the present datum, the maximum error 

probably not being over 0.4 foot, decreasing as the stage increases. The present 

gage was installed November 1,1909.

Drainage area. 5,220 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to the bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent; Measurements to date indicate that point of control is permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream lower chord of bridge and, 

from wooden trestle approaches.

Floods. The flood of the fall of 1898 reached a height of about 34.5 feet, referred to 

the present gage datum.

Winter flow. The relation between gage height and discharge may be slightly 

affected by ice during portions of December, January, and February.

Accuracy. The records at this station should be used with caution- because the 

discharge rating curve above 12,000 second-feet is an extension and it seems 

probable that backwater from Mississippi River affects the relation of gage height 

to discharge when the Mississippi is in flood.

The following discharge measurement was made by P. S. Monk: 

August 7,1912: Gage height, 4.92 feet; discharge, 585 second-feet. 

29804° WSP 325 14 12
178 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PABT V.

Daily gage "height, in feet, of Kaskasfcia River at New Athens, III., for 191%. 

[C. J. von Roth Roffy, observer.]

Day,

1. ..............

2...............

5. ..............

6..... .....'... ..

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16............... 

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23............... 

24...............

25 .......

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

12.6

12.2

U o

10.7

9.4

8.8

9 7

9.5 

9.0

8.7

8.4

8.2

8.2

8.3

8.2

8.0

7.7

8.6

13.9

16.0

16.8

17.6

18.2 

18.4

18.2

17.9

17.5

16.7

15.3

13.6 

12.2

Feb.

11.0

10.2

9

0

9.3

8.8

8.2 7.6-

7.2 

6.8

6.6

6.8

6.2

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.8 

5.8

5.8

6.4

6.2

8.8

9.4

10.2 

10.0

9.8

15.7

19.0

20.2

21.0

Mar.

21.6

22.4

OO t\

23.0

23.0

22.8

OO A

21.8 

21.4

20.8

20.6

20.0

18.6

18.8

20.0 

21.5

22.4

23.2

23.6

23.8

24.1

24.4 

24.6

25.0

25.4

25.5

25.4

25.8

26.7 

27.3

Apr.

27.6

27.9

28.2

28.0

27.4

26.5

OK 7

24.8 

23.8

23.2

22.4

22.0

21.6

21.6

21.5

21.0 

21.0

21.1

20.8

20.4

20.1

20.0

19.4

18.8

18.2

20.2

22.6

23.4

23.8

24.0

May.

24.0

24.2

24.6

24.4

24.1

OO A

22.8 

22.2

21.6

21.8

21.6

21.5

21.2

20.7

20.2 

19.0

16.0

12.2

11.0

10.6

10.4

9.8 

9.2

8.8

10.0

9.2

9.8

12.8

15.7 

16.0

June.

16.0

13.9

10.8

9.6

11.1

11.0

11.0

10.3 

8.6

7.4

6.8

6.4

6.0

5.8

5.7

9.3 

18.0

20.5

21.2

21.4

21.0

20.0

17.0 

11.4

8.8

8.0

7.4

7.0

7.2

6.6

July.

6.2

6.0

5.8

5.7

7.4

9.2

14.2

14.8 

12.1

9.9

9.8

10.6

9.8

9.4

15.4

17.0 

17.5

17.3

17.2

17.4

16.8

17.5

16.8 

11.8

8.6

7.4

6.4

5.9

5.6

5.4 

6.0

Aug.

8.5

9.6

9.0

7.2

6.0

5.3

4.9

4.7 

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.5

6.6

9.5

8.5

9.6

10.0

8.2

7.6

8.6

9.0

8.0

7.2 

9.8

9.9

8.8

9.4

9.1

7.8

7.3 

6.4

Sept.

5.8

5.3

4.9

4.6

4.4

4.2

5.0

5.4

4.7

4.4

4.2

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6 

3.6

4.0

4.0

3.8

3.9

3.9

3.8 

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.2

Oct.

.......

.......

2.8 

2.8

Nov.

3.4

5.1

4 9

4.4

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.5 

4.4

4.6

4 4

4.2

4.0

4 0

4.4

4.7 

4.6

4.4

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.4 

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

Dec.

3.1

3.0

3

f\

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0 

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0 

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0 

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

o q

2.9

2.9 

2.8

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 6 to 27, and possibly also to some 

extent during February and December.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kaskaskia River at New Athens, III., for 1912.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4.. .............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

13...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

Jan.

4,190

3,960

3,740

3,140

2,420

Feb.

3,300

2,860

2,640

2,360

2,100

1 800

l'510

1,340

1,170

1,090

1,170

QQQ

870

836

802

802

802

802

1,010

938

Mar.

14,400

17,200

19,200

19,200

19,200

18,600

17 200

15^100 10 7nn

12,400

11,800

11 400

10.300

8,710

1 A tfflA

14,100

17 9nn

21,300

Apr.

35,100

36,200

37,200

34,400

01 OHO.

OO (VIA

1Q Qftft

17,200

15, 800

14. dftft

14,400

14,100

19 7nn

11,800

11,000

May.

22,700

23,400

24,100

24,100

OO AAA

20,600

18,600

16,500

14 400

15,100

14 400

14,100 1 Q ftftn

n fifin

in fifin

9,120

6,460

3

QCA

3,300

June.

6,460

4,970

3,190

2,530

3,360

3

OAA

3,300

2,920

2 nnn

1,420

1,170

1,010

O7A.

QA.O

770

2,360

8

1QA

11,100

10 flArt

13,700

July.

938

870

802

770

1,420

2,310

5,160

5,580

3,900

2

7AA

2 640

3,080

2,640

2 4.9A

6,000

7,260

7,680

7,520

7 430

7! 600

Aug.

1,950

2,530

2,200

1,340

870

656

Kfit)

516

474

454

AKA

474

1 AQA

2,480

1,950

O KQA

2

7KA

1,800

1,510

2,000

Sept.

802

656

560

494

454

414

COO

682

516

AKA

414

070

360

344

QOQ

312

010

070

070

344

Oct.

, 

Nov.

280

606

560

378

Q7Q

070

474

454

4Q4

454

414

O7Q

Ofirt

454

516

AQA

454

O7Q

344

Dec.

236

OOO

222

222

222

993

OOO

222

<KK>

222

222

222

ooo

222

222

222

OOO

222

222
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEB DRAINAGE BASIN. 179 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kaskaslda River at New Athens, III., for 1912 Con.

Day.

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31... .........

Jan.

7,020

5,930

4,790

3,960

Feb.

2,100

2,420

2,860

2.750

2,640

6,220

9,120

10,600

12,400

Mar.

22,000

23,000

24,100

24,800

26,200

27,500

27,900

27,500

28,900

32,000

34,100

Apr.

10,500

10,300

9,580

8,910

8,310

10,600

17,900

20,600

22,000

22,700

May.

3,080

2,970

2,640

2,310

2,100

2,750

2,310

2,640

4,310

6,220

6,460

June.

12,400

10,300

7,260

3,520

2,100

1,700

1,420

1,250

1,340 i nofi

July.

7,100

7,680

7,100

3,740

2,000

1,420

1,010

836

738

682

870

Aug.

2,200

1,700

1,340

2,640

2,700

2,100

2,420

2,260

1,610

1,380

1,010

Sept.

360

360

344

344

328

312

280

280

- 264

250

Oct.

198

Nov.

328

312

280

264

250

250

250

236

236

236

Dec.

222

222

222

222

222

210

210

210

210

91 ft

198

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 378 and 12,400 second-feet 

(gageheights 4.0 and 21.0 feet). See "Accuracy" in station description.

Mean discharge Jan. 6 to 27, estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, climatologio 

records, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, at 2,300 second-feet. These estimates of discharge for 

periods when the relation of gage height to discharge is believed tohave been aflected by ice are based on 

insufficient data, and therefore should be used with caution. No correction applied for possible effect of 

ice during February and December.

Monthly discharge of KaskasTda River at New Athens, III., for 

[Drainage area, 5,220 square miles.]

Month.

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

12,400 

34,100 

37,200 

24,800 

13,700 

7,680 

2,750 

802

606 

236

j^xTLlmTum 

802 

8,710 

8,310 

2,100 

770 

682 

454 

250

236 

198

Mean.

2,900 

2,770 

19,300 

19,500 

11,300 

4,290 

3,610 

1,610 

409

378 

220

Per 

square 

mile.

0.556 

.531 

3.70 

3.74 

2.16 

.822 

.692 

.308 

.078

.072 

.042

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.64 

.57 

4.27 

4.17 

2.49 

.92 

.80 

.36 

.09

.08 .05-

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

C.

C. 

D.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.

SHOAL CREEK NEAR BREESE, ILL.

Location. At the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad bridge about 1J miles

east of Breese, 111., and about 3 miles above the mouth of Beaver Creek. 

Records available. November 5, 1909, to September 30, 1912; October 30 to

December 31,1912, when station was finally discontinued. 

Drainage area. 760 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Practically permanent; rough, as rock has been placed in. bed of stream

under bridge to prevent scour. 

Discharge measurements. Made from upstream side of bridge and also from

downstream side of wooden trestle over overflow channel during floods. There

is a good wading section just above the bridge. 

Floods. The maximum gage height since establishment of the gage 19.6 feet 

occurred in October, 1911. No available records of floods prior to installation of

gage.
180 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Winter flow. The relation between gage height and discharge may be slightly 

affected by ice during short periods in December, January, and February.

Regulation. The intake of the Breese municipal pumping system is about onefourth mile above the section, but the quantity of water diverted is negligible.

Remarks. The stream is fed by springs and has never been known to go dry at this 

point.

The following discharge measurement made was by wading at a section about 20 

feet above the bridge by P. S. Monk: 

August 19,1912: Gage height, 1.48 feet; discharge, 63.0 second-feet.

Daily gage Jieight, in feet, of Skoal Creek near Breese, III., for 1912. 

[John Nordman, observer.]

Day.

1... ............

2._ ...........

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

10

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.7

3.1

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.2

1.9

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

5.4

9 A

12.5

11.2

6.2

5.1

5.0

5.7

5.6

4.6

4.2

 3.1

2.7

2.5

Feb.

2.1

1.9

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1;6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.75

2.1

S 7

6.4

6.1

4.4

2.3

2.2

4.8

13.1

15.2

16.0

17.2

Mar.

18.1

17.9

15.7

8.0

5.5

4.0

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.5

3.8

18.4

17.6

17.2

16.6

12.6

14.6

15.2

16.9

18.0

18.8

Apr.

18.4

18.6

17.4

14.2

13.4

9 4

6.8

6.8

6.8

6.8

6.4

6.3

6.0

8.6

13.0

11.4

12.2

13.7

15.4

15.6

11.4

7.0

8.0

7.8

7.6

15.2

16.2

17.0

18.0

18.6

May.

18.6

18.4

17.6

13.2

9.0

5.0

4.4

3.4

3.2

3.2

5.0

9.0

8.4

5.2

3.6

3.0

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.8

5.0

3.6

3.0

2.4

6.5

6.4

8.8

4.4

June.

3.4

3.3

3.2

2.8

2.6

2.2

1.85

1.65

1.45

1.45

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.3

d a

1.95

9

n

10.4

4.4

3.4

3.2

2.8

2.4

1.95

1.55

1.35

1.35

1.65

1.5

1.45

July.

1.35

1.45

1.8

1.95

2.5

1.8

1.5

1.55

1.35

2.4

6.2

2.1

1.95

7.2

6.5

2.0

7.0

10.4

7.4

3.6

2.0

2.0

1.75

1.6

1.55

1.35

1 25

1.25

1.05

1.05

1.0

Aug.

0.95

.95

1.05

1.05

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.3

1.45

1.65

1.85

1.65

2.6

1.6

1.4

1.35

3.1

1.6

1.3

1.35

1.4

3.2

1.55

1.4

1.4

1.3

Sept.

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.15

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05

Oct.

n Q

.9

Nov.

1.6

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.75

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.4

1.35

1.2

1.2

1.4

1.95

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.35

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.2

1 9

Dec.

1.2

1.2

1.25

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.2

1.15

1.2

LL5

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1 9

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 8 to 21, and Feb. 4 to 22. Gage 

not read Mar. 12 to 21 because of displacement resulting from reconstruction of railroad bridge.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofSJioal Creek near Breese, III., for 1912.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15.... ...........

Jan.

696

251

183

161

151

141

114

Feb.

132

114

106

Mar.

4,930

4,670

2,770

1,110

660

400

332

315

9QQ

315

366

Apr.

5,320

5,580

4,050

2,380

2,210

1,380

894

894

8Q4

894

822

SfU

750

1,220

2.120

May.

5.580

5; 320

4,290

2,160

1,300

570

468

299

267

267

570

1,300

1,190

606

332

June.

299

283

267

206

180

133

97

78

60

60

56

52

52

48

536

July.

52

60

92

107

 168

92

65

70

52

156

786

122

107

966

840

Aug.

26

26

32

32

35

35

32

32

41

38

38

38

48

60

78

Sept.

41

41

35

35

32

32

32

29

29

29

38

41

38

35

35

Oct. Nov.

65

48

48

48

48

88

92

92

88

56

52

41

41

56

107

Dec.

41

41

44

48

44

41

41

41

41

41

41

38

38

41

38
UPPER MISSISSIPPI BTSTER DRAINAGE BASIN. 181 

Daily discharge, in aeeond-feet, ofShooi Greek near Breeae, III., for 1912 Continued.

Bay.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19.. ....... ......

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29

3ft...............

31...............

Jan.

786

588

570

696

678

502

434

251

195

172

Feb.

151

141

536

2.140

2,620

2,880

3,810

Mar.

5,320

4,290

3,810

3,160

2,030

2,470

2,620

3,450

4,800

5,840

Apr.

1,780

1,940

2,270

2,680

2,740

1,780

Q3fl

1,110

1,070 i fun

2,620

2,960

3,570

4,800

5,580

May.

235

180

180

156

133

122

112

92

570

332

235

156

840

1,260

468

June.

107

1,300

1,580

468

299

267

206

156

107

70

<59

52

78

65

60

July.

112

930

1,580

1,000

332

112

112

8»

74

70

52

44

44

32

32

29

Aug.

Q7

78

180

74

56

52

251

74

48

52

56

267

70

KG

56

48

Sept.

35

35

38

38

35

35

35

35

35

35

35

32

32

32

32

Oct.

23

23

Nov.

92

- 74

56

52

41

41

41

41

41

41

48

48

44

41

41

Dec.

41

38

41

41

41

41

41

41

41

41

41

41

41

41

41

41

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well denned between 66 and 570 second-feet (gage 

heights 1.3 and 5.0 feet), and fairly well denned throughout the remainder of the range of discharge covered 

by the 1912 gage heights. Two rating curves were used for 1912, the change, made Mar. 1, being based 

on the discharge measurements made Aug. 19,1912.

Discharge Jan. 8 to 21 and Feb. 4 to 22 estimated because of ice, from gage heights, dimatologic records 

and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, as follows: Jan. 8 to 21,250 second-feet, Feb. 4 to 22,130 secondfeet

Discharge Mar. 12 to 21 estimated because of missing gage heights resulting from reconstruction of 

bridge, from dimatologic records and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, at 2,900 second-feet.

These estimates of discharge for periods when the relation of gage height to discharge is believed to have 

been affected by ice and based on insufficient data, and therefore should be used with caution.

Monthly discharge of Shoal Creek near Breese, III., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 760 square miles.]

Month.

March.... .

Mav

July....................................

December. ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,810

5,580 

5,580 

1,580 

1,580 

267 

41

107 

48

Minimum.

750 

92

48 

29 

26 

29

41

38

Mean.

325 

521 

2,680 

2,240 

981 

242 

270 

67.9 

34.7

57.1 

41.0

Per 

square 

mile.

0.428 

.688 

3! 53 

2.95 

1.29 

.318 

.355 

.089 

.046

.075 

.054

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

0.49 

.74 

4.07 

3.29 

1.49 

.35 

.41 

.10 

.05

.08 

.06

Accuracy,

D. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C.

C. 

C.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.

SILVER CHEEK NEAR LEBANON, ILL.

Location. At highway bridge at Wrights Crossing, about 2 miles west of Lebanon, 

111., between the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern and the East St. Louis & 

Suburban Railroad bridges across Silver Creek.

Records available. March 3, 1908, to September 30, 1912; November 3 to December 31, 1912, when station was finally discontinued.

Drainage area. 335 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent. .

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge and small 

approach spans, and also at high stages from downstream side of 3 steel viaducts 

on road west of bridge.
182 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

Floods. The maximum stage since establishment of gage 15.9 feet occurred in 

May, 1908. No available records of floods prior to the establishment of the station.

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation of gage height to discharge during parts 

of December, January, and February.

Accuracy. From March 3, 1908, to May 10, 1909, the gage was so situated that 2 

feet was the lowest obtainable reading, and the gage reader noted that the stream 

was dry whenever the water surface was below 2 feet. On inquiry he stated 

that the stream was dry for only one week during 1908; therefore, where the gage 

heights have been marked "Dry" during this period this note was inserted "Dry 

under gage, can not obtain gage height of water surface." The position of the 

gage was changed on May 10, 1909, so as to obviate this difficulty.

The following discharge measurement was made by P. S. Monk:

August 5, 1912: Width, 25 feet; area, 65.5 square feet; mean velocity, 0.06 foot

per second; gage height, 1.85 feet; discharge, 4.2 second-feet. This measurement is

not considered accurate because of the low velocity.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Silver Creek near Lebanon, III., for 1912. 

[E. C. Turner, observer.]

Day.

1... ............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10............... 

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23............... 

24...............

25...............

26...............

27............... 

28............... 

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

 6.4

5.1

4.4

3.8

3.2

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3 

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

8.5

10.6

10.6

10.8

10.9

8.2

8.1 

7.9

7.2

7.2

6.1 

5.4 

4.6

4.2

2.9

Feb.

2.9

2.9

2

Q

2

0

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7 

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

3.0

3.5

4.1

5.2

6.7

6.3

5.2

3.9

3.8

8.0

11.2

12.5 

13.9 

13.7

.......

Mar.

12.8

12.2

10.5

7.1

6.0

5.6

4.6

4.2

4.3

4.6 

5.0

5.1

5.8

8.6

11.4

11.6

11.6

11.6

11.4

13.6

12.5

12.4

12.4 

12.1

9 1

7.0

10.9 

11.9 

13.7

14.6

Apr.

12.6

11.9

11.6

11.8

11.8

8.7

9.2

9 n

6.1

4.2

3.8

3.6

3.4

8.7

7.1

5.3

5.7

10.4

11.0

11.7

5.4

7.5 

5.7

3 9

11.5

13.8

"is." 2"

13.1

May.

13.5

12.6

11.9

7.5

3.8

3.4

3.3

3.1

3.0 

5.1

9.8

7 5

4.6

3.6

3.3

3.1

s rt

2.9

2.6

2.5

2

K

2.6 

2.6

3

ft

5.4

2.6 

6.4 

10.0

4.0

June.

3.0

3.3

4.0

3.1

2.7

7.4

9.8

5.7

3.6

2.6 

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

9.2

10.8

12.5

12.7

12.6

12.1

9.2

5.1

3.8 

3.1

2.8

2.7

2.6 

3.6 

2.5

2.3

July.

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.3

8.6

4.3

2.9

7.7 

4.3

3.0

5.0

7.8

10.1

10.9

12.2

12.0

12.0

12.4

9.4

6.3

5.3 

3.3

2.6

2.4

2.2 

2.2 

2.1

1.9

1.95

Aug.

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.75

1.86

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9 

1.8

1.8

4.9

3.2

9.9

7.9

3.7

5.1

4.0

2.7

2.3

5.0

4.2 

3.8

3.7

7.1

8.6 

4.0 

2.5

2.2

2.0

Sept.

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4 

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.9

2.4

2.1

2.9

2.2

1.9

2.9

3.3

3.4 

2.9

2.3

1.9

1.8 

1.7 

1.6

1.6

Oct.

.......

.......

.......

.......

Nov.

1.9

1.9

2.3

5.4

5.1

4.4

3.7

3.1 

2.7

2.3

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.95

1.9

1 0

1.9 

1.9

1 Q

1.9

1.85 

1.85 

1.85

1.8

Dec.

1.8

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9 

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.95

1.9

1.9 

1.9

1.85

1.85

1.85 

1.85 

1.85

1.9

1.9

NOTE. Jan. 2 to Feb. 16, gage heights read to top of ice. Feb. 17, gage height to water surface; water 

on top of ice. Relation of gage height to discharge afleoted by ice about Jan. 7 to Feb. 22.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 183 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Silver Creek near Lebanon, III., for 1912.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

Q

10..".............

11.. ............ .

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26........ . . .

27...............

28...............

29...............

SO.........*.....

31...............

Jan.

271

164

116

80

49

29

Feb.

Sfi

80

425

Q11

1,680

3,080

2,880

Mar.

1 980

1.400

750

335

235

203

129

104

110

129

157

164

219

492 071;

1.050

1 050 I'oso

975

2 7sn

1,680

1,580

1,580

1,320

w>

qoc

836

1,190

2,880

3,820

2,800

Apr.

1,780

i ion

1,050

1,140

1,140

Kf\A

KRA

540

244

IfU

80

69

59

504

335

179

911

730

860

1 090

638

187

375

911

86

1,010

2 980

2! 680

2 ^sn

2,280

May.

2,680

1 780

l'l90

Q7K

228

an

TO

54

45

41

ifid

639

375

129

fiQ

54

45

41

37

26

23

23

26

26

afi

1B7

26

271

665

378

92

June.

41

54

92

45

9O

365

639

211

69

26

20

17

14

14

564

814

1,680

1,780

1,320

564

164

80

45

vi

OQ

26

fiQ

OQ

17

July.

17

17

17

20

23

17

4Q9

110

^7

395

110

41

157

405

fiTQ

836

1,400

1,240

1,240

1,580

588

262

179

54

26

20

14

14

19

8

9

Aug.

8

8

6.5

7.5

7

7

7

7

8

7

7

150

49

652

415

74

1<M

92

29

17

157

1O4

80

74

<w;

4Q9

92

23

14

10

Sept.

8

7

6

5

4

4

4

4

4

3

3

3

2.5

2.5

8

20

12

37

14

8

37

u

59

^7

17

8

7

6

5

5

Oct. Nov.

15

10

8

8

17

187

164

116

74

45

29

17

12

12

10

10

10

10

9

9

8

8

8

8

8

8

7.5

7.5

7.5

7 '

Dec.

7

8

8

10

10

10

10

10

8

8

8

7

7

6

6

7

7

10

10

9

9

8

8

8

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.5

8

8

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a discharge rating curve well defined between 29 and 307 secondfeet (gage heights 2.7 and 6.8 feet) and fairly well defined between 316 and 2,180 second-feet (gage heights 

6.9 and 13.0 feet). Discharge Jan. 7 to Feb. 22 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, climatologic 

records, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, as follows: Jan. 7 to 31,130 second-feet; Feb. 1 to 22.40 

second-feet. These estimates of discharge for periods when the relation of gage height to discharge is believed to have been affected by ice are based on Insufficient data, and therefore should be used withcaution. 

Discharge Nov. 1 and 2 estimated. Discharge Apr. 21, 28, May 5 and 30, interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Silver Greek,near Lebanon, III., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 335 square miles.]

Month.

January..

February ...............................

MamJi.... ....... ........................

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

August.... ..............................

September. .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,080

3,820 

2,980 

2,680 

1,880 

1,580 

652 

59

187 

10

Minimum.

104 

59 

23 

14 

8 

6.5 

2.5

7 

6

Mean.

128 

346 

1,060 

840 

320 

357 

323 

100 

13.1

28.3 

8.15

Per 

square 

mile.

0.382 

1.03 

3.16 

2.51 

.955 

1.07 

.964 

.299 

.039

.084 

.024

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.44 

1.11 

3.64 

2.80 

1.10 

1.19 

1.11 

.34 

.04

.09 

.03

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

D.

D. 

D.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.
184 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART V.

BIG MUDDY RIVER NEAR CAMBON, ILL.

Location. At the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad bridge about 1 mile 

north of Cambon station and 1J miles east of Plumfield, 111., in sec. 17, T. 7 S., 

R. 2 E., about one-fourth mile below the mouth of the Middle Fork.

Records available. June 16, 1908, to September 30, 1912; November 1 to December 31, 1912, when station was finally discontinued.

Drainage area. 735 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent except at low stages.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream gide of bridge and wooden 

approach trestles.

Moods. Maximum gage heights since establishment of the gage 25.3 feet occurred 

in May, 1911. No available records of floods prior to establishment of station.

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation between gage height and discharge during portions of December, January, and February.

The following discharge measurement was made by wading at a section about 100 

feet below the bridge by P. S. Monk: 

August 10, 1912: Gage height, 2.43 feet; discharge, 14.6 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Big Muddy River near Cambon, III., for 1912. 

[Joel Prine, observer.]

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5.... ...........

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14.. ...... .......

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

11.0

11.4

9.8

6.6

6.0

5.4

4.8

4.6

44

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.1

3.0

3.0 

3.0

6.0

8.0

11.0

14.0

14.4

147

15.7

16.7

16.4

15.9

15.4

14.6 

14.0

13.7

13.5

Feb.

6.2

5.8

5.6

4.0

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0 

3.0

3.1

3.3

3.7

4.5

6.2

6.7

6.2

6.0

9.8

14.8

17.0

19.0 

19.9

.......

Mar.

20.3

20.5

19.2

17.3

15.5

12.7

9.8

10.6

19 fi

10 7

147

15.1

15.6

16.1

17.6 

17.8

19 0

19.2

19.0

18.4

11 Q

17.5

17.4

17.4

17.5

17.6

17.6

17.5 

17.6

17.9

Apr.

W o

19.0

18.4

17.9

17.5

16.7

16.5

15.7

13.0

9.5

6.6

5.1

4.4

4.3

5.7 

5.7

4.9

A. fi

5.8

5.9

4.6

6.3

8.5

8.2

6.0

12.8

17.2

21.2 

22.0

22.5

May.

91 9

20.1

18.4

16.8

19 0

10.0

6.9

4.5

3.7

3.4

5.1

10.5

11.9

19 Q

13.4 

12.6

10.4

9.4

7.3

5.8

4 7

4.0

3.6

3.4

3.1

2.9

2.8

3.2 

4.6

8.7

10.4

June.

10.7

8.4

6

n

5.8

41

3.7

3.4

3.1

2.9

2 7

2.5

9 i.

2.3

2.3

2.3 

2.3

8.6

14.0

15.2

16.5

it a

19.0

19.2

18.7

17.2

14.9

10.3

7.5 

5.7

4.9

July.

4.5

3.8

3.6

7.6

10.6

9.4

9.4

9.0

7.8

 l» 7

6.3

8.1

10.4

11.3

9.8 

6.5

4.4

3.8

3.1

9 q

2.8

2.7

2,6

4.3

4.5

3.9

3.1

2.9 

2.6

2.2

7.2

Aug.

6.0 5. a

4.3

4.0

3-3

3.1

2.8

2.6

2.5

t A.

3.0

4.2

5.5

7.1

7.4 

6.5

4.4

3.8

3.1

2.9

2.8

2 7

2.6

4.3

3.9

3.1

3.0

2.9 

2.3

2.2

7.2

Sept.

6.0

5.0

4.3

4.0

3.3

3.1

2.8

2.4

2.5

2.4

3.0

4.2

5.0

7.1

7.4 

6.0

5.3

5.0

48

4.7

4.6

3.8

3.6

2.9

2.7

5.0

7.4

9.2 

11.3

12.0

Oct.

.......

.......

....:..

Nov.

3.8

4.2

6.1

7. ft

8. a

6.9

4.7

6.4

8.8

8.3

6.8

4/9

4.1

4.1

4.1 

3,5

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.8

2 7

2. ft

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2 

2:2

2.1

Dec.

2.1

2.3

2.3

2.8

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.1 

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

9.1

2vl

2.2

2.3

8.3

2.2

».2r 

I £3

StS

2.3

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 7 to 31 and Feb. 5 to 18.
UPPBE MISSISSIPPI KIVEB DBAINAGE BASIN. 185 

I>a% discharge, in se&md-feet, of Big Muddy River near Cambon, III., for 191%.

Day.

1...............

a...............

z.. .............

4.. .............

6...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

1&.. .............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21.. .............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27.w.. ...........

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1,070

1,160

824

334

260

186

Feb.

274

228

206

84

71

110

274

337

274

250

824

2,200

3,300

4,740

5,490

Mar.

5,850

6,030

4. onn

3,490

2,500

1,470

824

982

1,440

1,780

2,160

2,320

2,550

2,800

3,700

3,840

4,740

4,900

4,740

4,260

2,700

3,"630

3,560

3,560

3,630

3,700 ? Win

3,630

3,700

3,910

4,400

Apr.

A Qflft

4 740

4^260

3., 910

3,630

3,120

3,000

2,600

1,560

770

324

157

IfiA

99

217

217

140

117

228

239

117

2§6

590

542

250

1,500

3,420

6,710

7,530

8,080

May.

6,710

5,670

4,260

3,180

1 f^A

860

363

111

64

49

157

Qfift

1,270

1,530

1,680

1,440

940

752

415

228

125

SO

59

49

37

30

26

41

118

626

940

June.

1,000

574

97<1

228

86

64

49

37

30

23

16

13

9

9

9

9

608

1,880

2,360

3,000

3,840

4,740

4,900

4,450

3,420

2,240

920

441

217

140

July.

Ill

KO

59

454

QS9

752

752

680

482

217

286

526

940

1,140

834

311

104

69

37

30

26

23

20

98

111

74

37

30

20

6

402

Aug.

250

1AS

98

SO

45

37

26

2»

16

13

33

92

196

389

428

311

104

69

37

30

26

23

20

98

74

37

33

30

9

6

402

Sept.

250

118

98

80

45

37

26

13

16

13

33

92

148

389

428

250

176

148

132

125

118

69

59

30

23

148

428

716

1,140

1,290

Oct. Nov.

69

92

262

454

510

363

125

298

KAiL

558

350

140

86

86

86

54

41

33

30

26

23

20

16

13

9

9

9

6

6

4

Bee.

4

9

9

9

6

6

4

4

4

6

9

9

6

6

6

6

6

9

9

6

4

4

4

6

9

9

6

6

9

9

6

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a fairly well defined rating curve. Below 132 second-feet (gage 

height 4.8 feet) the rating curve differs from that used during 1911, the change being based on the discharge 

measurement made Aug. 10,1912. Discharge Jan. 7 to 31 and Feb. 5 to 18 estimated, becaus&of ice, from 

gage heights, climatologio records, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas, as follows: Jan. 7 to 31, 550 

second-feet: Feb. 5 to 18,20 second-feet: These estimates of discharge for periods when the relation of gage 

height to discharge is believed to have been affected by ice are based on insufficient data and therefore 

should be used with caution.

Discharge Mar. 31 interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Big Muddy River near Cambon, III., for 191%. 

[Drainage area, 735 square miles.]

Month.

March...................................

Aprfl..... ...............................

May....................................

June.. . - -

JMv

Sonfamnl^Ar

October. .

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,490

6,090 

 8,060 

6,710 

4.900 

1,140 

428 

1,290

644 

9

Minimum,

824 

99 

' 26 

9 

6 

6 

13

4 

4

Mean.

5S7 

653 

3,400 

2,110 

1,110 

1,190 

312 

103 

222

147 

6.5

Per 

square 

mile.

0.771 

.888 

4.63 

2.87 

1.51 

1.62 

.424 

.140 

.302

.200 

.0088

Run-off 

(depth to 

inches on 

drainage

area).

0.89 

.96 

5.34 

3,20 

1.74 

1.81 

.49 

.16 

.34

.22 

.01

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

C. 

D.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily dischi rge.
186 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET V.

BEAUCOUP CREEK NEAR PINOKNEYVILLE, ILL.

Location. At Illinois Central Railroad bridge about 1J miles east of Pinckneyville, 

111., about 10 miles above the mouth of Galum Creek.

Records available. June 17, 1908, to September 30, 1912; November 30 to December 31, 1912, when station was finally discontinued. The gage readings for 

1908 were taken whenever the observer happened to be in the vicinity of the 

gage. Except for a few days, fairly accturae results will probably be obtained if 

the missing gage heights are interpolated.

Drainage area. 227 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Practically permanent except at low stages.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of wooden trestle; lowwater measurements made at wading section about 250 yards upstream.

Floods. The flood of 1902 reached a height of about 27.5 feet, referred to the present

Winter flow. Ice sometimes affects the relation between gage height and discharge

during parts of December, January, and February. 

Remarks. The creek goes dry at times, the water then standing in pools near the

gage.

The following discharge measurement was made at wading section above bridge 

by P. S. Monk: 

August 8, 1912: Gage height, 2.12 feet; discharge, 2.3 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Beaucoup Creek near Pinckneyville, III., for 191%. 

[R. C. Huggins, observer.]

Day.

1...... .........

2.. .............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11........ .......

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

6.5

4.2

3.6

3.1

2.90

2.80

2.70

2.70

2.38

2.34

02.34

02.34

2.29

.......

"i3.~2"

15.0

12.5

7.2

7.6

9.5

9.1

7.0

5.6

5.4

5.3

4.8

3.85

Feb.

2.84

2.66

"2."9§' .

.......

.......

.......

.......

2.43

.......

"2." 43"

2.58

2.88

3.2

"3.5"

3.65

"&.'&"

16.1

20.1

19.8

17.4

.......

.......

Mar.

7.5

7.4

...s.T"

4.1

3.65

4.0

4.9

5.1

7.6

"Ti"

8.9

11.8

16.3

17.3

17.8

17.1

15.4

11.0

9.8

13.0

7.7

9.0

11.0

12.0

7.8

6.8

15.0

17.5

.......

Apr.

5.5

12.0

15.0

12.0

4.5

3.95

3.5

3.25

2.97

2.96

2.84

4.3

5.4

3.75

3.35

2.97

3.35

3.85

3.3

2.96

2.94

2.78

2.71

2.61

13.8

19.0

18.2

10.2

6.3

May.

4.5

3.8

3.35

3.05

2.86

2.74

2.61

2.54

2.46

2.45

3.35

14.8

11.3

4.8

3.75

2.41

3.7

3.75

"2." 77"

. 2.58

2.51

2.37

2.36

5.4

~"2.~27"

4.6

7.4

5.3

3.2

June.

2.65

"2." 45"

2.90

2.56

2.41

2.27

2.25

2.21

2.14

2.13

2.12

2.07

2.05

2.15

3.1

9.2

13.3

8.2

5.1

4.5

3.5

2.45

2.56

2.55

2.38

2.27 "i'eT

2.32

.......

July.

2.24

2.22

4.8

4.4

2.52

11.0

10.2

4.9

3.45

2.74

3.95

3.25

3.35

3.05

2.36

2.32

2.24

2.15

3.35

2.74

"ii.'o"

5.r

3.55

2.23

2.44

2.24

2.22

8.2

3.05

3.0

Aug.

3.25

2.00

"i" 29~

2.20

2.17

2.04

2.05

2.12

2.13

3.0

4.9

2.25

3.1

3.1

2.10

2.14

2.30

2.20

4.3

3.2

2.89

2.59

.......

2.60

5.2

3.6

2.65

2.60

2.56

Sept.

2.36

2.20

2.05

2.00

1.95

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.85

1.62

1.60

.......

.......

1.80

1.84

1.82

.......

.......

1.98

1.95

2.00

2.00

2.01

1.90

1.98

2.00

.......

Oct.

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

Nov.

2.40

6.4

3.6

2.87

2.62

3.4

3.4

4.2

3.2

3.0

2.45

2.40

2.31

2.28

3.3

2.70

2.34

2.28

2.30

2.28

2.20

2.15

2.18

2.16

2.15

2.10

2.05

1.98

1.95

1.90

.......

Dec.

1.95

1.98

1.96

1.98

2.00

1,97

"1.90

1.89

1.90

1.90

1.89

1.87

1.87

1.84

......

"i.~89

1.90

1.90

......

"i."90.

1,90

"i."89

1.90

1.95

1.90

o Gage height to top of ice.

NOTE. Eelation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 5 to 18 and Feb. 3 to 16- 

reported Ice about 4 inches thick from Jan. 14 to Feb. 14.

Observer
TJPPEB MISSISSIPPI EIVEE DBAINAGE BASIN. 187 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Beaucoup Creek near Pinckneyville, III., for 1912,

Day,

1.. .............

2.. .............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12......... .....

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30... v . .........

31...............

Jan.

272 

92 

60 

35

1,070 

1,320

970 

335 

373 

580 

534

317 

195 

179 

171 

133 

72

Feb.

25 

17

9 

14 

26 

40

o48 

55 

62 

o!24

187

1.470 

2,030 

1,990 

1,660

Mar.

363 

353 

o258 

163

86

62 

80 

140 

155 

373

o383 

393 

512 

874 

1,500

1,640 

1,710 

1,610 

1,380 

770

616 

1,040 

383 

523 

770

900 

393 

299 

1,320 

1,670 

o928

Apr.

187 

900 

1,320 

900 

a 506

112 

78 

55 

42 

30

29 

25 

98 

179 

68

48 

30 

48 

72 

45

29 

29 

22 

19 

15

1,150 

1,880 

1,770 

666 

254

May.

112 

70 

48 

33 

25

21 

15 

13 

10 

9.5

48 

1,290 

809 

133 

68

8.3 

65 

68 

o45 

22

14 

11 

7.4 

7.2 

179

o92 

5.4 

119 

353 

171 

40

June.

17 

o!3 

9.5 

27 

13

8.3 

5.4 

5.0 

4.2 

3.3

3.2 

3.0

2.6 

2.4 

3.4

35 

545 

1,080 

435 

155

112 

55 

9.5 

13 

13

7.6 

5.4 

oil 

17 

6.4

July.

4.8 

4.4 

133 

105 

12

770 

666 

140 

52 

21

78 

42 

48 

33 

7.2

6.4 

4.8 

3.4 

48 

21

a 396

770 

155 

58 

4.6

 9.2 

4.8 

4.4 

435 

33 

31

Aug.

42 

2.1 

o4.0 

5.8 

4.0

3.6 

2.4 

2.4 

3.0 

o3.1

3.2 

31 

140 

5 

35

35 

2.8 

3.3 

6 

4

98 

40 

27 

15 

o!5

15 

163 

60 

17 

15 

13

Sept.

7.2 

4.0 

2.4 

2.1 

1.8

1.5 

1.5 

1.5 

1.5 

1.2

.6 

.6

o.7 

0.8 

o.9

1.0 

1.2 

1.1 

ol.4 

ol.7

2.0

1.8 

2.1 

2.1 

2.2

o2.0

ol.8 

1.5 

2.0 

2.1

Oct. Nov.

8 

263 

60 

24 

16

50 

50 

92 

40 

31

9.5 

8 

6.2

5.6 

45

19 

6.8 

5.6 

6 

5.6

4 

3.4 

3.8 

3.5 

3.4

2.8 

2.4 

2.0 

1.8 

1.5

Dec.

1.8 

2.0 

1.9 

2.0 

2.1

1.9 

ol.7 

1.5

1.4 

a 1.4

1.5 

1.5

1.4 

. 1.4 

1.4

1.2 

ol.3 

ol.3 

1.4 

1.5

1.5 

a 1.6 

a 1.5 

1.6

1.5

ol.4

1.4 

1.5 

1.8 

ol.6 

1.5

o Discharge interpolated.

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined between 2 and 900 second-feet 

(gageheights, 2.0 and 12.0 feet). Below 40 second-feet (gage height 3.2 feet) differs from that used 1908-1911, 

the revision being based on the discharge measurement made Aug. 8, 1912. Discharge Jan. 5 to 18 and 

Feb. 3 to 16 estimated, because of ice, from gage heights, observer's notes, climatologic records, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas: Jan. 5 to 18, 5 second-feet; Feb. 3 to 16, 8 second-feet. These estimates 

of discharge for periods when the relation of gage height to discharge is believed to have been affected by 

ice are based on insufficient data and therefore should be used with caution.

Monthly discharge of Beaucoup Creek near Pinckneyville, III., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 227 square miles.]

Month.

March. ..................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

October.................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,030

1,710 

1,880 

1,290 

1,080 

770 

163 

7.2

263 

2.1

Minimum.

62 

15 

5.4

2.4 

3.4 

2.1 

.6

1.5 

1.2

Mean.

219 

271 

698 

354 

126 

87.3 

132 

26.3 

1.81

26.0 

1.56

Per 

square 

mile.

0.965 

1.19 

3.07 

1.56 

.555 

.385 

.581 

.116 

.0080

.115 

.0069

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.11

1.28 

3.54 

1.74 

.64 

.43 

.67 

.13 

.01

.13 

.01

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

C. 

B.

B". 

B.

D.

C.

D.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.
188 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PAET V.

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS.

Miscellaneous measurements in Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi drainage basins

in 191%.

St. Mary River (Mont.) drainage basin.

Date.

Mar. 19

June 7 

Aug. 16

Stream.

Kennedy Creek. . . . 

.....do.............

Tributary to 

.....do............. 

.....do.............

Locality.

Babb, Mont..................... _ . 

.....do...............................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

........

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

10.8

179 

55

Red River (Minn.) drainage basin.

May 6«

6«

Bois de Sioux

River. 

Ottertail River.... .....do.............

above junction with Ottertail 

River.

above junction with Bois de Sioux 

River.

48

590

Upper Mississippi River drainage basin.

Feb. 12

July 18

.....do............. .....do...:......... neapolis, Minn.

Rapidan Mills, Minn. ...............

5.48

1.59

2,380

27,800

262

a Measurement made by S. B. Soul<5.

SUMMARY OF MEAN DISCHARGE PER SQUARE MILE.

The following summary of discharge per square mile is given to 

allow ready comparison of relative rates of run-off from different 

areas in the Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi drainage basins. It 

shows in a general way the seasonal distribution of run-off and the 

effect of snow, ground, surface, and storage both artificial and 

natural. It will be noted that "second-feet per square mile" and 

"run-off (depth in inches)" have been omitted in this report for certain 

stations for which such values have heretofore been published, in 

general, because they were deemed misleading in that they did not 

represent the rate of run-off for the entire drainage area above the 

gaging station or that the drainage area was not uniformly productive of run-off and therefore not at all comparable with other areas. 

The special reasons for not publishing these data are given in each 

case with the data published for the station.

With regard to the values that are published, the most noteworthy 

fact is the almost entire lack of uniformity or agreement between 

any two streams, which indicates that the discharge of each stream 

is a law unto itself and that all projects dependent upon stream flow, 

if they are to be developed along the safest and most economical 

lines, must be based on records of stream flow collected with great 

care over a long series of years as near the location of the project 

under consideration as possible.
Summary of discharge, in second-feet per square mile, in Hudson Bay and up

Station.

St. Mary River below Swifteurrent Creek, at Babb, Mont . . 

St. Mary River near Cardston, Alberta .......... t.........

Ottertail River near Fergus Falls, Minn. ...................

Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, near Tower, Minn. . 

Little Foiik River at Little Fork. Minn ....................

Crow Wing River at Nimrod, Mum ........................

Crow Wing River at Pillager, Minn........................

Sank ttivflr near fit. Clnnri Minn

Elk River near Big !>>« Minn -....,.... , . , .

Minnesota River near Odessa, Minn. .......................

Minn«<3nta RivAr nnar Mnmtevir|«o. MiTip .

Lac qui Parle River at Lac qui Parle, Minn ...............

Redwood River near Redwood Falls, Minn. ...............

Cottonwood River near New Ulm. Minn ..................

St. Croix River near St. Crobc Falls, Wis. ..................

Knt.t.le Rfvftr n«nr Sandfsfrme, Minn

Snake River at Mora, Minn ...............................

Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn ....................

South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn. .

Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa ...................

Sangamon River near Monticello, HI. ......................

Cahokia Creek riear Poag ,BI. ..............................

Drainage 

area.

So. mi. 

177 

298 

452 

31.4

64 

1,310 

507 

1,720 

1,010 

3,230 

975 

816 

615 

2,520 

1,160 

1,560 

6,300 

14,600 

441 

838 

1,940 

703 

864 

5,930 

825 

422 

1,390 

821 

1,560 

647 

1,310 

425 

6,320 

1,160

14,300

550 

2,560 

427 

' 459 

259

January.

0.37 

.33 

.29

.06 

.25 

.05

.11 

.11 

.07 

.10 

.02 

.02

W 

02

(0)

fa(a) 

.02 

.25 

.16 

.07 

.18 

.20 

.31 

.28 

.15 

.16 

.37

.56 

.88 

.47 

.51 

.19

February.

0.34 

.34 

.26

.05 

.23 

.04

.10 

.10 

.04 

.08 

.03 

.01

«L

(a)

(°) 

(a) 

.02 

.24 

.11 

.08 

.17 

.18 

.26 

.23 

.12 

.11 

.41

.84 

.68 

.79 

 .79 

k 1.18

March.

0.28 

.26 

.24

.05 

.19 

.04

.12 

.12 

.10 

.15 

.15 

.10 

.01 

.01 

.10

.6i

.01 

.01 

.10 

.26 

.12 

.10 

.71 

1.07 

.80 

1.27 

.76 

1.20 

1.34

3.89 

2.98 

2.76 

2.92 

3.51

April.

0.89 

1.26 

1.20

.14 

.23 

.66

.42 

.31 

.33 

.92 

.37

.09 

.10 

.29 

.23 

.10 

.15 

.08 

.27 

1.16 

1.81 

1.79 

.86 

1.13 

1.00 

1.38 

2.20 

1.46 

2.03 

.25 

1.30 

2.35 

2.60 

1.95 

2.37

Ma

5.

5.

4.

.

.

1.

.

.

.

1.

2.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

1

3

2

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

.

1.

2.

1.

1.

a Discharge per square mile less than 0.005 sec
Summary of discharge, in second-feet per square mile, in Hudson Bay and upper Mis

Station.

Kaskaskia River at Shelbyville. 111. ........................

Kaskaskia River at Vandalia, 111. ..........................

Big Muddy River near Cambon, 111 ........................

Beaucoup Creek near Pinckneyville, 111 ....................

Drainage 

area.

Sq. mi. 

390

1,030

1,980

2,680

5,220

760

335

735

227

January.

0.50

.83

.52

.59

.56

.43

.38

.77

.96

February.

0.56

1.21

.72

60

.53

.69

1.03

.89

1.19

March.

1.90

3.98

2.54

2.89

3.70

3.53

3.16

4.63

3.07

April.

2.20

2.87

2.12

2.37

3.74

2.95

2.51

2.87

1.56

May

2.0

1.8

1.3

1.6

2.1

1.2

1.5

.5

o Discharge per square mile less than 0.005 seco
INDEX.

A.

Accuracy of data, degree of.. ......... ....... 14-15

Acre-foot, definition of............... ........ 11,12

Anoka, Minn., Mississippi River at. ......... 72-75

Appropriations, amount of .................. 7

Aroola, HI., Kaskaskia River at. ....... 168-170, 190

Austin, Minn. , Cedar River near. ...... 143-146, 189

Authority for work. ......................... 7

B. 

Babb, Mont. , Kennedy Creek at. ............ 188

St. Mary River at. .................. 19-23,189

St. Mary Rivernear.. ............... 17-19,189

Swifteurrent Creek overflow at........... 19-23

Batchelder, C. L., work of................... 17

Beauooup Creek near Pinekneyville, HI. ..... 186-

187, 190 

Big Falls, Minn., Big Fork River at. ........ 70-71

Big Fork River at Big Falls, Minn. .......... 70-71

Big Lake, Minn., Elk River near. ....... 89-91, 189

Big Muddy River near Cambon, 111... . 184-185, 190

Big Stone, S. Dak. , Whetstone River near. . . 106-

108,189

Blue Earth River at Rapidan Mills, Minn ... 188

Bois de Sioux River at Breckenridge, Minn. . 188

Breckenridge, Minn., Bois de Sioux River at. 188

Ottertail River at.... ................... 188

Breese, HI., Shoal Creek near .......... 179-181, 189

Budge, E. J., work of.. ...................... 16

C. 

Cahokia Creek near Poag, III. .......... 167-168, 189

Cambon, 111.; Big Muddy River near. .. 184-185, 190 

Cambridge, Minn., Rum River at... _ ..... 97-99

Cannon River at Welch, Minn. ............ 123-125

Cardston, Alberta, St.-Mary River near.. 23-25, 189 

Carlyle, HI., Kaskaskia River at. ...... 175-17?, 190

Cedar Falls, Wis., Red Cedar River at. .... 126-127

Cedar Kapids, Iowa, Cedar River at. . . 147-148, 189 

Cedar Kiver at Cedar Rapids, Iowa.. . . 147-148, 189

near Austin, Minn................. 143-146,189

Chandler,E. F., work of........ ............. 16

CMppewa Falls, Wis. , Chippewa River at. . 125-126 

Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis... 125-126

near Watson, Minn................ 110-112,189

Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn... 47-48 

Cooperation, extent of ....................... 16

Cottonwood River near New Ulm, Minn. .... 114-

117, 189 

Crookston, Minn., Ked Lake River at. ...... 42-45

Crow Kiver at Rockford, Minn .......... 91-93, 189

Crow River, South. Fork of, near Rockford,

Crow Wing River at Nimrod, Minn.... . . 80-82, 189

a> Pillager, Hinn.. .................. 82-84,189

Current meters, views of............... . 15

D.

Page. 

Data, explanation of.............. .... 13-14

Dean, H. J., work of......................... 17

Definition of terms.......................... 11-12

Des Moines River at Jackson,. Minn.... 148-150,189

at Keosauqua, Iowa............... 153-156,189

near Fort Dodge,Iowa................ 150-153

Devils Lake near Devils Lake, N. Dak....... 40

Discharge per square mile, summary of.... 189-190

Discharge tables, explanation of............. 14

Division of work, details of.................. 16-17

Dominion City, Canada, Roseau River at. 53-54 

Drainage basins, list of............... .... 8

E.

Ebner, George, work of...................... 16

Elk River near Big Lake, Minn......... 89-91,189

Equivalents, convenient, table of,........... 12-13

Errors, cause of.............................. 14-15

Evaporation at University, N. Dak.......... 59-60

F.

Fargo,N. Dak., Red River at............... 31-33

Fergus Falls,Minn., Ottertail River near. 28-30,189 

P elican R iver near...................... 36-37

Fort Dodge, Iowa, Des Moines River near.. 150-153

G.

Gage heights, tableof........................ 13-14

Gaging stations, number and distribution of.. 8 

records at.............................. 17-187

views of................................. 14

Grand Forks, N. Dak., Red River at........ 33-35

H.

Hallock, Minn., South Branch of Two Rivers

at.............................. 49-50

Horton, A. H., work of...................... 17

Houston, Minn., Root River near...... 131-133,189

Hoyt, W. G., work of........................ 16

Hudson Bay basin in United States, discharge

per square mile in............... 189

stream flow in........................ 17-71

I.

Illinois, cooperation of....................... 16

International Falls, Minn., Rainy River at.. 60-64 

Iowa Falls, Iowa, Iowa River near........ 142-143

Iowa River near Iowa Falls, Iowa......... 142-143

J.

Jackson, H. J., work of...................... 16,17

Jackson, Minn., Des Moines River at.. 148-150; 189 

Jones, B. E., work of........................ 16

191
192 INDEX.

Page.

175-177,190 

177-179,190 

170-172,190 

172-174,190 

16&-170.190

164-166,189 

153-156,189 

118-120,189

K.

KaskasMa Elver at Carlyle, HI........

at New Athens, El................

at Shelbyville, HI..................

at Vandalia, 111....................

near Arcola, 111....................

Kennedy Creek at Babb, Mont........

Kenriey, HI., Salt Creek near..........

Keosauqua, Iowa, Des Moines River at. 

Kettle Elver near Sandstone, Minn....

L.

Lac qui Parle, Minn., Lac qiil Parle River

at......................... 108-110,189

Lake Vermilion (near Tower), Minn., Vermilion River below.......... 65-67,189

Lamb, W. A., work of....................... 16

Lanesboro, Minn., North Branch of Root

Rivernear................ 133-135,189

Lebanon, HI., Silver Creek near....... 181-183,190

Libby, Minn., Mississippi River near........ 71-72

Little Fork Elver at Little Fork, Minn.. 67-69,189 

Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn.. 84-86,189

M.

McDennott Lake, Mont., Swiftcurrent Creek

at....................... 25-26,188,189

Malung, Minn., West Branch of Roseau River

near............................. 54-56

Mankato, Minn., Minnesota River near.104-106,189 

Mathers,J. G.,workof...................... 17

Merrill, Wis., Wisconsin River at....... _.. 137

Miner'sinch, definition of................... 13

Minneapolis, Minn., Mississippi River at.... 188

Minnesota,cooperation of.................... 16

Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn. 104-106,189 

near Montevideo, Minn............ 101-103,189

near Odessa, Minn.................. 99-101,189

Minot, N. Dak., Mouse River at............. 57-59

Miscellaneous measurements in Red River

basin............................ 188

in St. Mary River basin.........._.... 188

in upper Mississippi River basin........ 188

Mississippi River above Sandy River (near

Libby),Minn................... 71-72

at Anoka,Mtnn......................... 72-75

at Minneapolis, Minn.................... 188

at St. Paul, Minn........................ 75-77

at Winona, Minn..............._...... 188

near Libby, Minn....................... 71-72

Mississippi River basin (upper), discharge

per square mllein............. 189-190

miscellaneous measurements in..._.... 188

stream flowin......__.__.......... 71-187

Monk, P. S., work of........................ 17

Monley, Goric, work of...................... 16

Montevideo, Minn., Minnesota River

near....................... 101-103,189

Monticello, HI., Sangamon River near..... 157-158

Mora, Minn., Snake River at.......... 120-122,189

Motley, Minn., Long Prairie River near. 84-86,189 

Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak.............. 57-59

N.

Necedah, Wis., Wisconsin River near.. _. 138 

Neche, N. Dak., Pembina River at.......... 51-53

New Athens, HI., KaskasMa River at.. 177-179,190 

NetrUbn, Minn., Cottonwood River near.. 114-

117,189 

Nimrod, Jfinn., Crow Wing River at.... 80-82,189

O.

Oakford, HI., Sangamon River near........ 160-162

Odessa, Minn., Minnesota River near... 99-101,189 

Onamia, Minn., Rum River at.......__... 95-97

Orbeck, M. J., work of.....................:. 16

Ottertail Elver at Breckenridge, Minn...... 188

near Fergus Falls, Minn............. 28-30,189

P.

Padgett, H. D., work of..................... 17

Pelican Elver near Fergus Falls, Minn..... 36-37

Pembina Elver at Neche, N. Dak........... 51~«3

Peterson, W. G., work of.................... 16

Pillager, Minn., Crow Wing River at.... 82-84, 189

Pinckneyville,ni.,Beaucoup Creek near.l8ft-l«T, 190 

Pine Lake reservoir, Mion., Pine River

below........................... 7»-80

Pine Elver below Pine Lake reservoir, Minn. 79-80 

Poag, HI., CahoMa Creek near......... 167-168,189

Publications, lists of......................... 8-10

method of obtaining................._. 10-11

R.

Ranier, Minn., Rainy Lake at............... 64-65

Rainy Lake at Ranier, Minn................ 64-65

Rainy River at International Falls, Minn.... 63-44

Randell, R. R.,workof..................... 16

Rapldan Mills, Minn., Blue Earth River at.. 186 

Rating table, explanation of................. 14

Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis...... 126-127

Red Lake Falls, Minn., Clearwater River at.. 47-48 

Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn........ 42-45

at Thief River Falls, Minn.............. 40-42

Red River at Fargo, N. Dak................. 31-83

' at Grand Forks, N. Dak................. 33-85

Bed River drainage basin, miscellaneous

measurements in................ 188

Redwood River near Redwood Falls, Minn. 113-

114,189 

Reliability of data, degree of................. 14-15

Rhinelander, Wis., Wisconsin River near... 136 

RivertoB, 111., Sangamon River at..... 159-460,189

Rockford, 111.., Rock River at............. 141-142

Rocksforcj, Minn., Crow River at......... 91-413,189

South Fork o f Crow River near......... 94,189

Rock River at Rockford, 111.............. 141-142

Root River near Hauston, Minn....... 131-133,1%

Root River, North Branch of, near Lanesboro,Minn................ 133-135,189

Roseau River at Dominion City, Canada.... 68^54

Roseau River, West Branch of, near Malung,

Minn............................ «4-S6

Rum River at Cambridge, Minn............. 07*419

at Onamia, Minn........................ 85-97

Run-off, definition of........................ 11

St. Cloud, Minn., Sauk River near....... ST-i®, 189

St. Croix Falls, Minn., St. Croix River. 117-118,189 

St. Croix River near St. Croix Fafls, Minn.. 117-

118,189 

St. Mary River at Babb, Mont. (beiowSwifteurrent Creek).............. 19-23,1%

near Babb, Mont.................... U-19.,189

nearCardston,Alberta.............. 23-25,189

St. Mary River basin, miscellaneous measurements in_...................... 188
INDEX. 193

St. Paul, Minn.,,Mississippi Eiver at........ 75-77

Salt Creek near Kenney, m........... 164-166,189

Sandstone, Minn., Kettle River near.. 118-120,189 

Sandy Lake reservoir, JMinn., Sandy River

below............................ 77-78

Sandy River below Sandy Lake reservoir,

Minn............................ 77-78

Sandy River (near Libby), Minn., Mississippi

River above..................... 71-72

Sangamon River at Riverton, 111...... 159-160,189

near Monticello,m................ 157-158,189

near Oakford,m...................... 161-162

Sangamon River, South Fork of, near Taylorville,Ill................... 162-164,189

Saiik River near St. Cloud, Minn........ 87-89,189

Second-foot, definition of.................... 11

Shelbyville, m., Kaskaskia River at... 170-172,190 

Sherburne Lake, Mont., Swifteurrent Creek

at........................... 27-28,189

Shoal Creek near Breese, HI............ 179-181,189

Silver Creek near Lebanon, 111.......... 181-183,190

Snake River at Mora, Minn ........... 120-122,189

Soule1 , S. B., work of......................... 16

Stevens,G.C., workof...................... 16,17

Scevenson,W. B., workof................... 16

Stone City, Iowa, Wapsipinicon River at.... 138-

140,189 

Stream data, papers on...................... 7-10

Swifteurrent Creek, St. Mary River below... 19-

23,189 

Swifteurrent Creek at McDermott Lake,

Mont.................... 25-26,188,189

at Sherburne Lake, Mont............ 27-28,189

S wiftcurrent Creek overflow at Babb, Mont.. 19-23

T.

Taylorvflle, 111., South Fork of Sangamon

River near................. 162-164,189

Terms, definitions of......................... 11-12

Page.

Thief River Falls, Minn., Red Lake River at. 40-42 

Thief River near......................... 45-47

 rower, Minn., Vermilion River near (below

' Lake Vermilion)............. 65-67,189

Twin Valley, Minn., Wild Rice River at..... 38-40

Two Rivers, South Branch of, at Hallock,

Minn............................ 49-50

U. 

University, N. Dak., evaporation at......... 59-60

Upper Mississippi River basin. See Mississippi River basin (upper).

V.

Vandalia, 111., Kaskaskia River at..... 172-174,190 

Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion

(near Tower), Minn......... 65-67,189

W. 

Walters, M.I., work of...................... 17

W apsipmicon River at Stone City, Iowa..... 138-

140,189

"W atson, Minn., Ghippewa River near.. 110-112,189 

Welch, Minn., Cannon River at........... 123-125

Whetstone River near Big Stone, S. Dak.... 106-

108,189 

Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn...... 38-40

Winona, Minn., Mississippi River at ..... 188

Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis............. 137

near Necedah, Wis...................... 138

near Rhinelander, Wis __.............. 136

Wood, B. D., work of....................... 17

Z.

Zumbro Falls, Minn., South Branch of Zumbro River at............... 130-131,189

Zumbro River at.................. 127-129,189

Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn.. 127-129,189 

Zumbro River, South Branch of, near Zumbro

Falls, Minn................ 130-131,189

o

29804° WSP 325 14-