United States

Department of

Agriculture

Natural

Resources

Conservation

Service

Soil Survey of

Ford County,

Illinois

In cooperation with Illinois

Agricultural Experiment

Station
The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is committed to making its

information accessible to all of its customers and employees. If you are experiencing

accessibility issues and need assistance, please contact our Helpdesk by phone at

1-800-457-3642 or by e-mail at helpdesk@helpdesk.itc.nrcs.usda.gov. For assistance

with publications that include maps, graphs, or similar forms of information, you may

also wish to contact our State or local office. You can locate the correct office and

phone number at http://offices.sc.egov.usda.gov/locator/app.

NRCS Accessibility Statement
The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to Map Sheets. Note the number of

the map sheet and turn to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are in that area. Turn to the

Contents, which lists the map units by symbol and name and shows the page where each map unit is described.

The Contents shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailed soil map unit. Also see the

Contents for sections of this publication that may address your specific needs.

3

How To Use This Soil Survey
4

Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on the

Natural Resources Conservation Service homepage on the World Wide Web. The

address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov.

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort

of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State

agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The

Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has

leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 2000. Soil names and

descriptions were approved in 2001. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this

publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 2000. This survey was made

cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Illinois

Agricultural Experiment Station. It is part of the technical assistance furnished to the

Ford County Soil and Water Conservation District.

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these

maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,

maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a

larger scale.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all of

its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability,

political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases

apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for

communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should

contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice or TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights,

Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC

20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity

provider and employer.

Cover: The State soil of Illinois is Drummer silty clay loam. The Drummer series was established

in Ford County in 1929 and was named for Drummer Creek and Drummer Grove, which are pictured

here.
5

Contents

How To Use This Soil Survey ................................. 3

Numerical Index to Map Units ............................... 8

Foreword ................................................................. 9

General Nature of the County ................................. 11

History and Development ................................... 11

Physiography, Relief, and Drainage .................... 11

Agriculture .......................................................... 13

Transportation Facilities ...................................... 13

Industry .............................................................. 13

Climate ............................................................... 13

How This Survey Was Made ................................... 14

Formation and Classification of the Soils .......... 17

Soil Series and Detailed Soil Map Units.............. 21

Ashkum Series ................................................... 22

232A—Ashkum silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 23

Blount Series ...................................................... 23

23A—Blount silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 24

23B2—Blount silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes,

eroded ......................................................... 25

Brenton Series ................................................... 25

149A—Brenton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 26

Bryce Series....................................................... 27

235A—Bryce silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes ..... 28

Camden Series .................................................. 28

134A—Camden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 29

Chatsworth Series .............................................. 30

241C3—Chatsworth silty clay, 4 to 6 percent

slopes, severely eroded ............................... 31

241D3—Chatsworth silty clay, 6 to 12 percent

slopes, severely eroded ............................... 31

Chenoa Series ................................................... 32

614A—Chenoa silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 33

Clarence Series.................................................. 33

147A—Clarence silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 34

147B2—Clarence silty clay loam, 2 to 4

percent slopes, eroded ................................ 35

Dana Series ....................................................... 35

56B—Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ........ 37

56B2—Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

eroded ......................................................... 37

Del Rey Series ................................................... 38

192A—Del Rey silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 39

Drummer Series ................................................. 39

152A—Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 40

Elliott Series ....................................................... 40

146A—Elliott silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 41

146B2—Elliott silty clay loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 42

Graymont Series ................................................ 42

541B2—Graymont silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 44

Harpster Series .................................................. 44

67A—Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 45

Houghton Series ................................................ 46

1103A—Houghton muck, undrained, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 46

La Hogue Series ................................................ 47

102A—La Hogue loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .... 48

Martinsville Series .............................................. 48

570C2—Martinsville loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 49

Martinton Series ................................................. 50

189A—Martinton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 51

Milford Series ..................................................... 51

69A—Milford silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 52

Mokena Series ................................................... 53

295A—Mokena silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 54

Onarga Series .................................................... 54

150B—Onarga fine sandy loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes ............................................. 55

802B—Orthents, loamy, undulating .................... 56

805B—Orthents, clayey, undulating.................... 56

Ozaukee Series .................................................. 57

530B—Ozaukee silt loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes .......................................................... 58

530D2—Ozaukee silt loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 58

530E2—Ozaukee silt loam, 12 to 20 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 59
6

Parr Series ......................................................... 59

221C2—Parr silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 60

221C3—Parr clay loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, severely eroded ............................... 61

Pella Series ........................................................ 61

153A—Pella silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 62

Penfield Series ................................................... 63

687B—Penfield loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ....... 64

Peotone Series ................................................... 64

330A—Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 65

865—Pits, gravel ................................................ 66

Proctor Series .................................................... 66

148B—Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 67

148B2—Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 67

Rantoul Series.................................................... 68

238A—Rantoul silty clay, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 69

Raub Series ....................................................... 69

481A—Raub silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 70

Ridgeville Series................................................. 71

151A—Ridgeville fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes ............................................. 71

Rowe Series ....................................................... 72

230A—Rowe silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 73

Rutland Series.................................................... 73

375A—Rutland silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 74

375B—Rutland silty clay loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 75

Sawmill Series .................................................... 75

3107A—Sawmill silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, frequently flooded ............................ 77

Selma Series ...................................................... 77

125A—Selma loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes.......... 78

Swygert Series ................................................... 79

91A—Swygert silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes .......................................................... 80

91B2—Swygert silty clay loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 80

Symerton Series ................................................ 81

294B—Symerton silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes .......................................................... 82

Varna Series ...................................................... 82

223B2—Varna silt loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 83

223C2—Varna silt loam, 4 to 6 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 84

Zook Series ........................................................ 84

3405A—Zook silty clay, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, frequently flooded ............................ 85

Use and Management of the Soils ...................... 87

Crops and Pasture ............................................. 87

Cropland Management Considerations .......... 90

Pastureland Management Considerations...... 90

Yields per Acre............................................... 92

Land Capability Classification ........................ 92

Prime Farmland ............................................. 93

Forestland .......................................................... 93

Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings .......... 94

Recreation .......................................................... 94

Wildlife Habitat ................................................... 96

Hydric Soils ........................................................ 98

Engineering ........................................................ 99

Building Site Development ............................. 99

Sanitary Facilities ......................................... 100

Construction Materials ................................. 101

Water Management...................................... 102

Soil Properties .................................................... 105

Engineering Index Properties ........................... 105

Physical Properties .......................................... 106

Chemical Properties ......................................... 108

Water Features ................................................. 108

Soil Features .................................................... 109

References .......................................................... 111

Glossary .............................................................. 113

Tables .................................................................. 125

Table 1.—Temperature and Precipitation .......... 126

Table 2.—Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall........ 127

Table 3.—Growing Season ............................... 127

Table 4.—Classification of the Soils .................. 128

Table 5.—Acreage and Proportionate

Extent of the Soils ...................................... 129

Table 6.—Limitations and Hazards

Affecting Cropland and Pastureland ........... 130
7

Table 7.—Land Capability and Yields per

Acre of Crops and Pasture ......................... 134

Table 8.—Prime Farmland ................................ 137

Table 9.—Forestland Productivity ..................... 138

Table 10.—Windbreaks and Environmental

Plantings .................................................... 140

Table 11.—Recreational Development.............. 156

Table 12.—Wildlife Habitat ................................ 161

Table 13.—Hydric Soils .................................... 164

Table 14.—Building Site Development .............. 173

Table 15.—Sanitary Facilities ........................... 178

Table 16.—Construction Materials .................... 183

Table 17.—Water Management ........................ 188

Table 18.—Engineering Index Properties ......... 195

Table 19.—Physical Properties of the Soils ...... 207

Table 20.—Chemical Properties of the Soils..... 214

Table 21.—Water Features ............................... 219

Table 22.—Soil Features .................................. 226

Issued 2004
8

23A—Blount silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .......... 24

23B2—Blount silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes,

eroded ................................................................ 25

56B—Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ............ 37

56B2—Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

eroded ................................................................ 37

67A—Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 45

69A—Milford silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 52

91A—Swygert silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 80

91B2—Swygert silty clay loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 80

102A—La Hogue loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ........ 48

125A—Selma loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .............. 78

134A—Camden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ..... 29

146A—Elliott silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .......... 41

146B2—Elliott silty clay loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 42

147A—Clarence silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 34

147B2—Clarence silty clay loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 35

148B—Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ....... 67

148B2—Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

eroded ................................................................ 67

149A—Brenton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 26

150B—Onarga fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes................................................................. 55

151A—Ridgeville fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 71

152A—Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 40

153A—Pella silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 62

189A—Martinton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes.... 51

192A—Del Rey silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 39

221C2—Parr silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes,

eroded ................................................................ 60

221C3—Parr clay loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes,

severely eroded .................................................. 61

223B2—Varna silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes,

eroded ................................................................ 83

223C2—Varna silt loam, 4 to 6 percent slopes,

eroded ................................................................ 84

230A—Rowe silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 73

232A—Ashkum silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 23

235A—Bryce silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes ......... 28

238A—Rantoul silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 69

241C3—Chatsworth silty clay, 4 to 6 percent

slopes, severely eroded...................................... 31

241D3—Chatsworth silty clay, 6 to 12 percent

slopes, severely eroded...................................... 31

294B—Symerton silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes................................................................. 82

295A—Mokena silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 54

330A—Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 65

375A—Rutland silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 74

375B—Rutland silty clay loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes................................................................. 75

481A—Raub silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .......... 70

530B—Ozaukee silt loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes................................................................. 58

530D2—Ozaukee silt loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 58

530E2—Ozaukee silt loam, 12 to 20 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 59

541B2—Graymont silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 44

570C2—Martinsville loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded .................................................... 49

614A—Chenoa silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes................................................................. 33

687B—Penfield loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ........... 64

802B—Orthents, loamy, undulating ........................ 56

805B—Orthents, clayey, undulating ........................ 56

865—Pits, gravel .................................................... 66

1103A—Houghton muck, undrained, 0 to 2

percent slopes .................................................... 46

3107A—Sawmill silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, frequently flooded................................... 77

3405A—Zook silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

frequently flooded ............................................... 85

Numerical Index to Map Units
9

This soil survey contains information that affects land use planning in this survey

area. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The survey also

highlights soil limitations, improvements needed to overcome the limitations, and the

impact of selected land uses on the environment.

This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, foresters, and

agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the management needed

for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials, engineers,

developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use, select sites

for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure proper performance.

Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, wildlife

management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to help them

understand, protect, and enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose

special restrictions on land use or land treatment. The information in this report is

intended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land

treatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the land users

identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or

user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are

seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are too

unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are

poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil

poorly suited to basements or underground installations.

These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil

survey. The location of each soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the

survey area is described, and information on specific uses is given. Help in using this

publication and additional information are available at the local office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service.

William J. Gradle

State Conservationist

Natural Resources Conservation Service

Foreword

11

FORD COUNTY is in east-central Illinois (fig. 1). It has

an area of 312,320 acres, or about 490 square miles.

It is bordered on the south by Champaign County, on

the west by Livingston and McLean Counties, on the

north by Kankakee, Livingston, and Iroquois Counties,

and on the east by Iroquois and Vermilion Counties. In

2000, the population of Ford County was 14,241 (U.S.

Department of Commerce, 2000). Paxton is the county

seat.

This soil survey is a subset of Major Land Resource

Area (MLRA) 108A, the Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess

and Drift, and MLRA 110, the Northern Illinois and

Indiana Heavy Till Plain (U.S. Department of

Agriculture, 1981). It updates an earlier survey

published in 1990 (Fehrenbacher, 1990). The updated

survey provides additional information and more

recent interpretations and includes larger maps, which

show the soils in greater detail.

General Nature of the County

This section provides general information about

Ford County. It describes history and development;

physiography, relief, and drainage; agriculture;

transportation facilities; industry; and climate.

History and Development

Native Americans of the Illinois, Kickapoo, Miami,

and Potawatomi tribes originally inhabited the area

now known as Ford County. The first permanent

European settlements were established in the early

1800s.

Ford County was named after Thomas Ford, the

seventh governor of Illinois. On February 17, 1859, it

was established as the last county in the State (Ford

County Historical Society, 1884). The county seat was

originally Prairie City, which was renamed Prospect

City. The name of the town was changed to Paxton in

the hope of attracting Sir Paxton of England to settle

there.

Physiography, Relief, and Drainage

Ford County consists of moraines, outwash plains,

lake plains, stream terraces, flood plains, beach

Soil Survey of

Ford County, Illinois

By Dale E. Calsyn, Natural Resources Conservation Service

Original fieldwork by Donald J. Fehrenbacher, Bruce R. Putman, and William M. Teater,

Soil Conservation Service, and Richard J. Schantz and Jon A. Stika, Ford County

Updated fieldwork by Dale E. Calsyn and Karla D. Hanson, Natural Resources

Conservation Service

Map compilation by Jeffery A. Deniger, Karla D. Hanson, Leonard G. Holliman, and

Catherine A. Swain, Natural Resources Conservation Service, and Paul E. Brown,

Certified Professional Soil Classifier

Manuscript by Dale E. Calsyn and Catherine A. Swain, Natural Resources

Conservation Service

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service,

in cooperation with

the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station
12 Soil Survey of

ridges, and bogs. The county is in the Till Plains

Section of the Central Lowland Province (Leighton and

others, 1948). Two subdivisions within the section

make up the survey area. The Kankakee Plain, which

is in the northern part of the county, makes up about

15 percent of the county. The Bloomington Ridged

Plain makes up the rest of the county. It is in the

extreme northern part of the county and throughout

the central and southern parts.

Ford County is underlain by three major types of

bedrock. Silurian dolomite is in the central part of the

county, Devonian shale and limestone are in the

Paxton area, and Pennsylvanian sandstone is north of

Roberts.

The material over the bedrock was deposited during

three major glacial periods. These were the Kansan,

lllinoian, and Wisconsinan glaciations. Of the three

periods, the Wisconsinan had the most influence. A

number of moraines run through the county. From

north to south, these are the Ransom, Cullom,

Chatsworth, Ellis, Paxton, Gifford, Minonk, El Paso,

Eureka, Newtown, and Bloomington moraines. The

thickness of the deposits associated with the moraines

ranges from 50 to 400 feet; the maximum thickness

occurs in the Paxton area (Willman and Frye, 1970).

These deposits are till, a material compacted by the

weight of the ice sheet; lacustrine material (with

textures ranging from silt loam to silty clay) that settled

out in still lake water; and sandy beach deposits from

glacial Lake Watseka. The glacial lake formed when

the Chatsworth Moraine blocked the flow of meltwater

from the glaciers.

Relief in Ford County is a result of differences in the

thickness of deposits left by the most recent glacier.

The highest feature in the county is in an area on the

Bloomington Moraine west of Gibson City, where the

Figure 1.—Location of Ford County and the major land resource areas (MLRAs) in Illinois.
Ford County, Illinois 13

elevation is 866 feet above sea level. The lowest

elevation, about 650 feet, is in the glacial lake plain

area just northwest of Piper City (fig. 2).

The watershed divide between the Illinois and

Wabash Rivers runs through the central part of Ford

County. Prairie Creek, Spring Creek, Pigeon Creek,

the East and West Branches of the Middle Fork

Vermilion River, and the Sangamon River drain

southeast to the Wabash River. The East Branch of the

Mazon River, Horse Creek, the North Fork of the

Vermilion River, Indian Creek, and the Mackinaw River

drain northwest to the Illinois River. Dredging has

modified many of these creeks.

Agriculture

Farming has been the most important enterprise in

Ford County since the county was first settled. In

1997, crops were produced on about 300,307 acres

(U.S. Department of Commerce, 1997). The number of

farms was 550. Corn was grown on 144,815 acres,

soybeans on 145,330 acres, wheat on 1,495 acres,

and hay on 1,816 acres. In 1997, the number of

livestock in Ford County totaled 4,191 head of cattle,

40,048 hogs, and 425 head of sheep (U.S.

Department of Commerce, 1997). The market value of

agricultural products sold was more than $100 million.

Transportation Facilities

Ford County has a well-developed transportation

system of highways and railroads. U.S. 45 and

Interstate 57 pass through the county near Paxton.

Illinois Routes 115 and 47 are major north-south

routes, and Illinois Routes 9 and 116 are major eastwest routes. Paxton and Gibson City both have

airports, and many towns are served by railroads.

Industry

A number of industries are located in Ford County.

The principal industries are related to agriculture.

These include grain processing plants, grain handling

terminals, and farm machinery. Other manufactured

products are commercial air conditioners, refrigerant

evaporator coils, brooms, and precast concrete

products.

Climate

Table 1 gives data on temperature and precipitation

for the survey area as recorded at Gibson City in the

period 1971 to 2000. Table 2 shows probable dates of

the first freeze in fall and the last freeze in spring.

Table 3 provides data on the length of the growing

season.

In winter, the average temperature is 26.7 degrees

F and the average daily minimum temperature is 18.7

degrees. The lowest temperature on record, which

occurred at Gibson City on January 5, 1999, was -25

degrees. In summer, the average temperature is 72.2

degrees and the average daily maximum temperature

is 83.4 degrees. The highest temperature, which

occurred at Gibson City on August 18, 1988, was 103

degrees.

Growing degree days are shown in table 1. They

are equivalent to “heat units.” During the month,

growing degree days accumulate by the amount that

the average temperature each day exceeds a base

temperature (50 degrees F). The normal monthly

accumulation is used to schedule single or successive

plantings of a crop between the last freeze in spring

and the first freeze in fall.

The average annual total precipitation is 36.29

inches. Of this total, 21.9 inches, or about 60 percent,

usually falls in April through September. The growing

season for most crops falls within this period. The

heaviest 1-day rainfall on record was 6.25 inches at

Gibson City on July 9, 1951. Thunderstorms occur on

about 48 days each year, and most occur between

May and August.

Figure 2.—Generalized relief map of Ford County, Illinois,

showing the location of the highest and lowest elevations

in the county.
14 Soil Survey of

The average seasonal snowfall is 23.1 inches. The

greatest snow depth at any one time during the period

of record was 17 inches recorded on January 31,

1979. On average, 30 days per year have at least 1

inch of snow on the ground. The heaviest 1-day

snowfall on record was 10 inches recorded on

December 19, 1973.

The average relative humidity in midafternoon is

about 60 percent. Humidity is higher at night, and the

average at dawn is about 83 percent. The sun shines

67 percent of the time possible in summer and 46

percent in winter. The prevailing wind is from the south.

Average windspeed is highest, between 11 and 12

miles per hour, from November to April.

How This Survey Was Made

Soil surveys are updated as part of maintenance

projects that are conducted for a major land resource

area or other region. Maintaining and coordinating soil

survey information within a broad area result in

uniformly delineated and joined soil maps and in

coordinated interpretations and map unit descriptions

for areas that have similar physiography, climate, and

land use.

Updated soil survey information is coordinated

within the major land resource area or other region

and meets the standards established and defined in

the memorandum of understanding. Soil surveys that

are consistent and uniform within a broad area enable

the coordination of soil management

recommendations and a uniform program application

of soil information.

This survey was made to provide updated

information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in

the survey area, which is a subset of MLRA 108A and

MLRA 110. The information includes a description of

the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location

and a discussion of their suitability, limitations, and

management for specified uses.

During the previous survey and the update survey,

soil scientists observed the steepness, length, and

shape of the slopes; the degree of erosion; the general

pattern of drainage; and the kinds of crops and native

plants. They made borings and dug holes to study the

soil profile, which is the sequence of natural layers, or

horizons, in a soil. The profile extends from the surface

down into the unconsolidated material in which the soil

formed. The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots

and other living organisms and has not been changed

by other biological activity.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey

area are in an orderly pattern that is related to the

geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural

vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and

miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind

of landform or with a segment of the landform. By

observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the

survey area and relating their position to specific

segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a

concept, or model, of how they were formed. Thus,

during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist

to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the

kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location

on the landscape.

Commonly, individual soils on the landform merge

into one another as their characteristics gradually

change. To construct an accurate map, however, soil

scientists must determine the boundaries between the

soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil

profiles. Nevertheless, these observations,

supplemented by an understanding of the soilvegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to

verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to

determine the boundaries. After soil scientists located

and identified the significant natural bodies of soil in

the survey area, they drew the boundaries of these

bodies on aerial photographs and identified each as a

specific map unit.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the

soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color,

texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and

amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots,

reaction, and other features that enable them to

identify soils. This information can also be used to run

statistical analyses for specific soil properties. The

results of these analyses, along with other

observations, enable the soil scientists to assign the

soils to taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes

are concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil

characteristics with precisely defined limits. The

classes are used as a basis for comparison to classify

soils systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of

taxonomic classification used in the United States, is

based mainly on the kind and character of soil

properties and the arrangement of horizons within the

profile. After the soil scientists classified and named

the soils in the survey area, they compared the

individual soils with similar soils in the same

taxonomic class in other areas so that they could

confirm data and assemble additional data based on

experience and research.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some

of the soils in the area generally are collected for

laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil

scientists interpret the data from these analyses and

tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and

the soil properties to determine the expected behavior
Ford County, Illinois 15

of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all

of the soils are field tested through observation of the

soils in different uses and under different levels of

management. Some interpretations are modified to fit

local conditions, and some new interpretations are

developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled

from other sources, such as research information,

production records, and field experience of specialists.

For example, data on crop yields under defined levels of

management are assembled from farm records and

from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not only

on soil properties but also on such variables as

climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are

predictable over long periods of time, but they are not

predictable from year to year. For example, soil

scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of

accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table

within certain depths in most years, but they cannot

predict that a high water table will always be at a

specific level in the soil on a specific date.

Aerial photographs used in this update survey were

taken in 1993–94. Soil scientists also studied U.S.

Geological Survey topographic maps and

orthophotographs to relate land and image features.

Adjustments of soil boundary lines were made on the

soil maps published in the 1990 survey to coincide

with the U.S. Geological Survey topographic map

contour lines and tonal patterns on aerial photographs.

Aerial photographs also show trees, buildings, fields,

roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating soil

boundaries accurately.

17

This section relates the soils in the survey area to

the major factors of soil formation and describes the

system of soil classification.

Formation of the Soils

Soil forms through processes that act on deposited

geologic material. The factors of soil formation are the

physical and mineralogical composition of the parent

material; the climate in which the soil formed; the plant

and animal life on and in the soil; the relief; and the

length of time the processes of soil formation have

acted on the parent material (Jenny, 1941).

Climate and plant and animal life are the major

active factors of soil formation. They act directly on the

parent material either in place or after it was moved

from place to place by water, wind, or glaciers, slowly

changing it into a natural body that has genetically

related horizons. Relief modifies soil formation and can

inhibit soil formation on the steeper, eroded slopes

and in wet, depressional or nearly level areas by

controlling the moisture status of soils. Finally, time is

needed for the parent material to change into a soil

that has differentiated horizons.

The factors of soil formation are so closely

interrelated and conditioned by each other that few

generalizations can be made regarding the effects of

any one factor unless the effects of the other factors

are understood.

Parent Material

Parent material is the unconsolidated geologic

formations from which soil develops. The strong

influence of parent material on the soils in Ford County

was recognized in the first soil survey of the county

(Smith and others, 1941; Stauffer, 1935). The

dominant parent materials were deposited during the

Woodfordian Substage of the Wisconsinan Glaciation,

about 12,500 to 22,000 years ago (Willman and Frye,

1970). Four distinct methods of deposition have

resulted in four types of deposits—till, outwash,

lacustrine material, and loess. These deposits are in a

complex pattern of intertwining ground moraines, end

moraines, outwash plains, and lake plains. Various

amounts of loess or silty material overlie the other

deposits. Soil properties vary among these types of

deposits, and they also vary somewhat within the

types. In a few areas the soils formed in material that

was deposited in more recent times, such as alluvium

and organic material.

Till is nonstratified drift transported and deposited

directly by glacial ice sheets. Two till members cover

the county. The Batestown till member is in the

southwestern part of the county. The rest of the county

is made up of the Yorkville till member. The two

members are part of the Lemont Formation of the

Wedron Group (Hansel and Johnson, 1996). The

deposits are generally uniform within relatively short

horizontal and vertical distances. The till is calcareous

and is firm or very firm. It varies greatly in texture from

one place to another. This variation directly causes

differences among the soils. Clarence and Rowe soils

formed in till of silty clay and clay. Bryce and Swygert

soils formed in silty clay till. They are more permeable

in the upper part of the profile than the Clarence and

Rowe soils. Ashkum and Elliott soils formed in silty

clay loam till. Dana and Raub soils formed in till of

loam and silt loam. In general, soils that formed in the

loamy and silty till have a thicker solum than that of

soils that formed in the clayey till.

Glacial outwash was deposited by moving water in

front of the melting ice sheets. The particle size of the

material that was deposited depended on the speed of

the water flow. As the water velocity slowed, the larger

particles were initially deposited. Over a further

distance, as the water velocity was reduced, the

smaller particles were deposited. Layers of deposition

are readily apparent within very short vertical

distances but are less obvious within horizontal

distances. The outwash deposits in Ford County are

silty, loamy, and sandy and in some areas have

gravelly layers. They are generally friable. La Hogue

and Selma soils formed in outwash.

Lacustrine material was deposited in the relatively

still water of glacial lakes, such as glacial Lake

Watseka. In this material, vertical variation is greater

than horizontal variation. The layers are commonly

thicker than those in glacial outwash. The lacustrine

material is silty and clayey and is friable or firm.

Formation and Classification of the Soils
18 Soil Survey of

Milford, Martinton, and Pella soils are on glacial lake

plains. Many other soils, including Rutland soils, show

evidence of lacustrine material deposited on top of till.

Also, narrow outwash ridges are beach deposits of

past shorelines of glacial lakes. Ridgeville and Onarga

soils are examples of outwash soils on beach ridges.

Sometime after the glaciers retreated, conditions

became drier and the winds increased. A layer of silty

material, or loess, was deposited over the county

directly by the winds. The primary sources of the loess

were the flood plains along major rivers. Some of the

silty material in the county may be of local origin since

it contains more sand than is typical of loess. Loess

covers the till, outwash, and lacustrine material

throughout most of the county. The loess is generally

uniform within vertical and horizontal distances. It ranges

from about 30 inches thick in the western part of the

county to about 10 inches thick in the southeastern part.

The upper part of the profile of Brenton, Dana,

Drummer, and Proctor soils formed in loess.

Alluvium is material and sediments recently

deposited by floodwater. It is silty or clayey and is

friable or firm. The texture depends on the velocity of

the floodwater and the texture of the sediment in the

water. Sawmill and Zook soils formed in alluvium.

Organic deposits consist of decomposed plant

remnants. After the glaciers receded, water was left

standing in depressional areas. As a result, these

areas were very wet during the period of soil

formation, and the decaying plant material

accumulated more quickly than it decomposed. Most

of these plant remains are decomposed to a point that

they are unrecognizable. These organic deposits are

called sapric material. Houghton soils are examples of

soils that formed in these deposits. Soils that formed in

this material are naturally wet during most of the year

and are in depressions that are heavily vegetated with

grasses and wetland plants.

Climate

Ford County has a temperate, humid continental

climate. The general climate has had an important

overall influence on the characteristics of the soils. It is

essentially uniform throughout the county, however, and

has not caused any major differences among the soils.

Climate has a very important influence on

weathering, vegetation, and erosion. The weathering

of minerals in the soil increases as temperature and

rainfall increase. As water moves downward, clay is

moved from the surface soil to the subsoil, where it

accumulates. The water also dissolves soluble salts

and leaches them downward. Climate also influences

the kind and extent of plant and animal life. The

climate in Ford County has generally favored prairie

grass and hardwood forests. Heavy rains can harm

exposed areas of soil that are farmed or in the process

of being developed. Spring rains and wind can cause

extensive erosion when crop residue, trees, and other

vegetative cover are removed from the surface. More

soil will be lost through erosion each year than is

formed by natural processes.

Living Organisms

Soils are affected by the vegetation under which

they formed. The main contribution of the vegetation

and biological processes is the addition of organic

matter and nitrogen to the soil. The amount of organic

material in the soil depends on the kind of native

plants that grew on the soil. Grasses have many fine

fibrous roots that add large amounts of organic matter

to the soil when they die and decay. Therefore, most of

the soils have a dark, fertile, relatively thick surface

soil. Prairie grasses once covered about 98 percent of

the acreage in Ford County. Dana and Elliott soils

formed under prairie vegetation. The soils in the rest of

the county formed under forest vegetation. The surface

layer of the soils that formed under forest vegetation is

lighter colored and generally thinner than that of the

soils that formed under grasses because less organic

matter is added to the soil. Camden and Del Rey soils

formed under forest vegetation.

Bacteria, fungi, and other micro-organisms help to

break down the organic material and thus provide

nutrients for plants and other soil organisms. The

stability of soil aggregates, which are structure units

made up of sand, silt, and clay, is affected by microbial

activity because cellular excretions from these

organisms help to bind soil particles together. Stable

aggregates help to maintain soil porosity and promote

favorable relationships among soil, water, and air.

Moreover, earthworms, crayfish, insects, and

burrowing animals tend to incorporate organic matter

into the soil and to keep soils open and porous.

Human activities also are important factors in Ford

County. They have had a pronounced effect on past

soil formation and on present and future soil

development. Over the last century, the conversion of

land to crop production resulted in land being drained,

cleared, and cultivated. Furthermore, the addition of

lime and fertilizers and the application of herbicides

and pesticides affect the kind and number of

organisms in and on the soil.
Ford County, Illinois 19

Topography

Relief, which includes elevation, topography, and

water table levels, largely determines the natural

drainage of soils. In Ford County, the slopes range

from 0 to 20 percent. Natural soil drainage ranges from

well drained on the backslopes and summits to very

poorly drained on toeslopes.

Relief affects the depth to the seasonal high water

table or natural drainage of the soil by influencing

infiltration and runoff rates. The poorly drained

Drummer and Bryce soils are in low-lying, nearly level

areas and have a water table close to the surface for

most of the year. The soil pores contain water, which

restricts the circulation of air in the soil. Under these

conditions, iron and manganese compounds are

chemically reduced. As a result, the subsoil is dull gray

and mottled. In the more sloping, well drained Penfield

and Proctor soils, the water table is lower and some of

the rainfall runs off the surface. The soil pores contain

less water and more air. The iron and manganese

compounds are well oxidized. As a result, the subsoil

has brown colors.

Local relief also influences the severity of erosion.

Even though some erosion occurs on almost all

sloping soils, the hazard of erosion generally is more

severe as the slope increases. The runoff and the

removal of soil material in the steeper areas result in

the formation of soils that have a thinner solum than

that of soils in the less sloping areas.

Time

The length of time needed for the formation of a soil

depends on the other factors of soil formation. Soils

form more rapidly and are more acid if the parent

material is low in lime content. Thus, more rapidly

permeable soils form more readily than the more

slowly permeable soils because lime and other soluble

minerals are leached more quickly. Forest soils form

more quickly than prairie soils because grasses are

more efficient than trees in recycling calcium and other

bases from the subsoil to the surface layer. Soils in

humid climates that support good growth of vegetation

form more rapidly than those in dry climates.

The length of time that the parent materials have

been in place determines, to a great extent, the

degree of profile development. Most of the soils in

Ford County began formation with the retreat of the

last glacier about 12,500 years ago. On flood plains,

however, material is deposited during each flood. This

continual deposition slows development.

Classification of the Soils

The system of soil classification used by the

National Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories

(Soil Survey Staff, 1999). Beginning with the broadest,

these categories are the order, suborder, great group,

subgroup, family, and series. Classification is based on

soil properties observed in the field or inferred from

those observations or from laboratory measurements.

Table 4 shows the classification of the soils in the

survey area. The categories are defined in the

following paragraphs.

ORDER. Twelve soil orders are recognized. The

differences among orders reflect the dominant soilforming processes and the degree of soil formation.

Each order is identified by a word ending in sol. An

example is Mollisol.

SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders

primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil

genesis and are important to plant growth or

properties that reflect the most important variables

within the orders. The last syllable in the name of a

suborder indicates the order. An example is Aquoll

(Aqu, meaning water, plus oll, from Mollisol).

GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into

great groups on the basis of close similarities in kind,

arrangement, and degree of development of

pedogenic horizons; soil moisture and temperature

regimes; type of saturation; and base status. Each

great group is identified by the name of a suborder

and by a prefix that indicates a property of the soil. An

example is Endoaquolls (Endo, meaning within, plus

aquoll, the suborder of the Mollisols that has an aquic

moisture regime).

SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic

subgroup. Other subgroups are intergrades or

extragrades. The typic is the central concept of the

great group; it is not necessarily the most extensive.

Intergrades are transitions to other orders, suborders,

or great groups. Extragrades have some properties

that are not representative of the great group but do

not indicate transitions to any other known taxonomic

class. Each subgroup is identified by one or more

adjectives preceding the name of the great group. The

adjective Typic identifies the subgroup that typifies the

great group. An example is Typic Endoaquolls.

FAMILY. Families are established within a subgroup

on the basis of physical and chemical properties and

other characteristics that affect management. Generally,

the properties are those of horizons below plow depth

where there is much biological activity. Among the

properties and characteristics considered are particle-
20

size class, mineral content, soil temperature regime,

cation-exchange activity class, soil depth, and reaction.

A family name consists of the name of a subgroup

preceded by terms that indicate soil properties. An

example is fine, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic

Endoaquolls.

SERIES. The series consists of soils within a

family that have horizons similar in color, texture,

structure, reaction, consistence, mineral and chemical

composition, and arrangement in the profile. An

example is the Ashkum series.
21

In this section, arranged in alphabetical order, each

soil series recognized in the survey area is described.

Each series description is followed by descriptions of

the associated detailed soil map units.

Characteristics of the soil and the material in which

it formed are identified for each soil series. A pedon, a

small three-dimensional area of soil, that is typical of

the series in the survey area is described. The detailed

description of each soil horizon follows standards in

the “Soil Survey Manual” (Soil Survey Division Staff,

1993). Many of the technical terms used in the

descriptions are defined in “Soil Taxonomy” (Soil

Survey Staff, 1999) and in “Keys to Soil Taxonomy”

(Soil Survey Staff, 1998). Unless otherwise stated,

colors in the descriptions are for moist soil. Following

the pedon description is the range of important

characteristics of the soils in the series.

The map units on the detailed soil maps in this

survey represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in

the survey area. The map unit descriptions in this

section, along with the maps, can be used to

determine the suitability and potential of a unit for

specific uses. They also can be used to plan the

management needed for those uses. More information

about each map unit is given under the headings “Use

and Management of the Soils” and “Soil Properties.”

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an

area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or

miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and

named according to the taxonomic classification of the

dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are

precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils.

On the landscape, however, the soils are natural

phenomena, and they have the characteristic

variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of

some observed properties may extend beyond the

limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a

single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped

without including areas of other taxonomic classes.

Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils

or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and

some minor components that belong to taxonomic

classes other than those of the major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those of

the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus

they do not affect use and management. These are

called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They

may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit

description. Other minor components, however, have

properties and behavioral characteristics divergent

enough to affect use or to require different

management. These are called contrasting, or

dissimilar, components. They generally are in small

areas and could not be mapped separately because of

the scale used. Some small areas of strongly

contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified

by a special symbol on the maps. The contrasting

components are mentioned in the map unit

descriptions. A few areas of minor components may

not have been observed, and consequently they are

not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where

the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to

make enough observations to identify all the soils and

miscellaneous areas on the landscape.

The presence of minor components in a map unit in

no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the

data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure

taxonomic classes but rather to separate the

landscape into landforms or landform segments that

have similar use and management requirements. The

delineation of such segments on the map provides

sufficient information for the development of resource

plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned,

however, onsite investigation is needed to define and

locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name

in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes

general facts about the unit and gives the principal

hazards and limitations to be considered in planning

for specific uses.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make

up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the

surface layer, all the soils of a series have major

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the

surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of

erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use.

On the basis of such differences, a soil series is

divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on

Soil Series and Detailed Soil Map Units
22 Soil Survey of

the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The

name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature

that affects use or management. For example,

Swygert silty clay loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes, eroded,

is a phase of the Swygert series.

This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such

areas have little or no soil material and support little or

no vegetation. Pits, gravel, is an example.

Table 5 gives the acreage and proportionate extent

of each map unit. Other tables (see Contents) give

properties of the soils and the limitations, capabilities,

and potentials for many uses. The Glossary defines

many of the terms used in describing the soils or

miscellaneous areas.

Ashkum Series

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Parent material: Colluvium and the underlying till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, mixed, superactive,

mesic Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Ashkum silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an

elevation of 705 feet; 96 feet south and 2,030 feet east

of the northwest corner of sec. 22, T. 34 N., R. 11 E., in

Will County, Illinois; USGS Manhattan topographic

quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 25 minutes 28 seconds N.

and long. 87 degrees 57 minutes 24 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; many very fine roots; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

A—7 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine and

medium granular structure; friable; common very

fine roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

BAg—12 to 18 inches; dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) silty clay

loam; moderate very fine and fine subangular

blocky structure; firm; common very fine roots;

many distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic coatings

on faces of peds; common fine very dark gray

(7.5YR 3/1) very weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide concretions throughout; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

Bg1—18 to 29 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting

to moderate medium angular blocky; firm;

common very fine roots; few distinct very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; common fine very dark gray (7.5YR 3/1)

very weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

concretions throughout; common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common fine faint gray

(2.5Y 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral;

clear wavy boundary.

2Bg2—29 to 49 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm;

few very fine roots; few distinct very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds;

common fine very dark gray (10YR 3/1) very

weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

concretions throughout; common fine and medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and faint

brown (10YR 5/3) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; common fine and medium faint gray

(5Y 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 8 percent

gravel; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

2BCg—49 to 54 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to weak coarse angular blocky; firm; few

very fine roots; common fine very dark gray (10YR

3/1) very weakly cemented iron and manganese

oxide concretions throughout; common fine and

medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

and faint brown (10YR 5/3) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common fine and

medium faint gray (2.5Y 5/1) iron depletions in the

matrix; 8 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

2Cg—54 to 60 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; massive; firm; common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and common fine and

medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common fine faint gray

(2.5Y 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 8 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Thickness of the colluvium: 15 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 60 inches

Thickness of the solum: 30 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N
Ford County, Illinois 23

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

2Bg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 5Y, 5GY, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 5Y, 5GY, or N

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

232A—Ashkum silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Ashkum and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain more clay in the subsoil than the

Ashkum soil

• Soils that contain more sand in the subsoil than the

Ashkum soil

• Soils that are darker in the upper part of the subsoil

than the Ashkum soil

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Elliott soils on

summits and footslopes

• The moderately well drained Varna soils on

backslopes and summits

• The very poorly drained Houghton soils on

toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Ashkum Soil

Parent material: Colluvium and the underlying till

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 9.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to 7

percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Apparent seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): At the surface to 1 foot below the surface

(January through May)

Ponding: 0.5 foot above the surface during wet periods

(fig. 3)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Negligible

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: High for steel and low for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Low

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderate

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Hydric

Blount Series

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Slow

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Slope range: 0 to 4 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic Aeric

Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Blount silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an elevation

of 705 feet; 2,480 feet south and 1,203 feet west of the

Figure 3.—A surface drainage ditch removes excess water

from an area of Ashkum silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes.
24 Soil Survey of

northeast corner of sec. 29, T. 26 N., R. 6 E., in

Livingston County, Illinois; USGS Fairbury topographic

quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 41 minutes 39 seconds N.

and long. 88 degrees 32 minutes 59 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate fine

granular structure; friable; few fine roots;

moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

E—7 to 13 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam,

light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; moderate thin platy

structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; strongly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

2Bt1—13 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay

loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine angular blocky; friable; few fine

roots; common distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y

4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common fine faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; 3 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

2Bt2—17 to 26 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium angular blocky; firm; few very

fine roots; common distinct dark grayish brown

(2.5Y 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common

medium black (10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented

iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; 3 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

2Bt3—26 to 32 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to weak medium angular blocky; firm; few

very fine roots; common distinct gray (5Y 5/1) clay

films on faces of peds; many medium prominent

gray (5Y 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 3

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2Cd—32 to 60 inches; 60 percent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/4) and 40 percent gray (5Y 6/1) silty clay

loam; massive; very firm; common medium

prominent white (10YR 8/1) calcium carbonate

concretions throughout; 5 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of loess or other silty material: Less than 18

inches

Depth to carbonates: 19 to 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 30 to 48 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

E horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Bt or 2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Content of gravel—2 to 10 percent

2Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or clay loam

Content of gravel—2 to 14 percent

23A—Blount silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: End moraines and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Footslopes and summits

Map Unit Composition

Blount and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a darker surface layer than that of the

Blount soil

• Soils that contain more sand in the subsoil than the

Blount soil

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 2 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Ashkum soils on toeslopes

• The moderately well drained, clayey Orthents on

summits and backslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Blount Soil

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Ford County, Illinois 25

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 30 to 48 inches to dense

material

Available water capacity: About 8.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to 3

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 0.5 foot to 2.0 feet (January through

May)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: High for steel and concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Low

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

23B2—Blount silt loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes and summits

Map Unit Composition

Blount and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a darker surface layer than that of the

Blount soil

• Soils that contain more sand in the subsoil than the

Blount soil

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 2 feet

• Soils that are slightly eroded

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Ashkum soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Blount Soil

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 30 to 48 inches to dense

material

Available water capacity: About 7.6 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to 2

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 0.5 foot to 2.0 feet (January through

May)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: High for steel and concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Medium

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Brenton Series

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Parent material: Loess and the underlying outwash

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Brenton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an

elevation of 715 feet; 1,722 feet south and 114 feet

east of the northwest corner of sec. 10, T. 22 N., R. 8

E., in Champaign County, Illinois; USGS Gibson City

East topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 22

minutes 45 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 17

minutes 24 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; common very fine roots; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

AB—10 to 16 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt

loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular;

friable; common very fine roots; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt1—16 to 26 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay
26 Soil Survey of

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common very fine roots; many distinct very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films on faces of

peds; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) clay films in root channels and pores;

common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

few fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—26 to 35 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) and dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam;

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; friable; few

very fine roots; common distinct very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) organo-clay films on faces of peds;

many distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay

films in pores; few fine black (10YR 2/1) very

weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

nodules throughout; common fine distinct

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common fine distinct

light gray (10YR 7/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3—35 to 53 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) and brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; moderate

medium prismatic structure; friable; few very fine

roots; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; common

distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films

on faces of peds; few fine black (10YR 2/1) very

weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

nodules throughout; common fine distinct very

pale brown (10YR 7/3) iron depletions in the

matrix; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

2C—53 to 72 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) and

light gray (10YR 7/2), stratified silt loam and sandy

loam with thin layers of loamy sand; massive;

friable; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 23 inches

Thickness of the loess: 24 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 40 to more than 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt or 2BC horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—clay loam, loam, sandy loam, or silt loam

Content of gravel—less than 5 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—loam, sandy loam, clay loam, silt loam,

or loamy sand

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

149A—Brenton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Brenton and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain loamy outwash beginning at a

depth of less than 24 inches or more than 40 inches

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 2 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

• The well drained Proctor soils on backslopes and

summits

Properties and Qualities of the Brenton Soil

Parent material: Loess and the underlying outwash

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate or

moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.6 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to 5

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate
Ford County, Illinois 27

Apparent seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 1 to 2 feet (January through May)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Low

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Bryce Series

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Very slow

Landform: Glacial lakes (relict) and ground moraines

Parent material: Colluvium and the underlying till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, mixed, superactive,

mesic Vertic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Bryce silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an elevation

of 675 feet; 2,559 feet north and 45 feet west of the

center of sec. 7, T. 25 N., R. 13 W., in Iroquois County,

Illinois; USGS Woodworth topographic quadrangle; lat.

40 degrees 38 minutes 39 seconds N. and long. 87

degrees 52 minutes 23 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap1—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak very fine granular

structure; friable; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1)

weakly cemented nodules of iron and manganese

oxides throughout; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Ap2—10 to 13 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium angular

blocky structure; friable; moderately acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bg—13 to 19 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; many distinct

black (10YR 2/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; common fine distinct dark grayish brown

(2.5Y 4/2) and few fine distinct grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Btg1—19 to 24 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay; weak medium prismatic structure parting

to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky;

firm; many distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films

on faces of peds; many distinct black (N 2.5/0)

organo-clay films on faces of peds; common fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy

boundary.

Btg2—24 to 35 inches; olive gray (5Y 5/2) silty clay;

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few

slickensides on faces of peds; common distinct

olive gray (5Y 4/2) clay films on faces of peds;

common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

organo-clay films on faces of peds; common fine

black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide nodules throughout; common

fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses

of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine

faint dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) iron depletions in the

matrix; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Btg3—35 to 45 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay; weak

coarse prismatic structure parting to weak coarse

subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots; few

continuous distinct dark gray (5Y 4/1) clay films on

faces of peds; few slickensides and pressure faces

on faces of peds; common medium prominent light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and few medium prominent

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

2BCg—45 to 58 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay; weak

very coarse prismatic structure; very firm;

common coarse prominent brown (10YR 4/3) and

common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; few fine white (10YR 8/1) very weakly

cemented calcium carbonate nodules and weakly

cemented calcium carbonate concretions

throughout; 1 percent fine gravel; slightly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2Cg—58 to 66 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay;

massive; very firm; many medium prominent olive

brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; 3 percent fine gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Thickness of the colluvium: 15 to 55 inches

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 60 inches

Thickness of the solum: 30 to more than 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR or N

Value—2 to 3
28 Soil Survey of

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay or silty clay loam

Bg or Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 6

Chroma—0 to 3

Texture—silty clay or clay

Content of gravel—less than 5 percent

2BCg or 2Cg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—silty clay, clay, or silty clay loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

235A—Bryce silty clay, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Glacial lakes (relict) and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Bryce and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain less clay in the subsoil than the

Bryce soil

• Soils that contain carbonates beginning at a depth of

more than 60 inches

• Soils that have a thicker dark surface soil than that

of the Bryce soil

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Swygert soils on

summits and footslopes

• The very poorly drained Rantoul soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Bryce Soil

Parent material: Colluvium and the underlying till

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Very slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 5.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 5 to 7

percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Apparent seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): At the surface to 1 foot below the surface

(January through May)

Ponding: 0.5 foot above the surface during wet periods

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Negligible

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Negligible

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderate

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Hydric

Camden Series

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Parent material: Loess and the underlying outwash

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Camden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an

elevation of 755 feet; 890 feet south and 2,305 feet

east of the northwest corner of sec. 8, T. 23 N., R. 9 E.,

in Ford County, Illinois; USGS Perdueville topographic

quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 28 minutes 12 seconds N.

and long. 88 degrees 12 minutes 17 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, brown

(10YR 5/3) dry; moderate very fine and fine

granular structure; friable; many faint very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on

faces of peds; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

BE—8 to 13 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak

fine prismatic structure parting to moderate very

fine and fine angular blocky; friable; common faint

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic

coatings on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt1—13 to 20 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; strong medium prismatic structure

parting to strong fine and medium angular blocky;

firm; many faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on
Ford County, Illinois 29

faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—20 to 30 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; strong medium prismatic structure

parting to strong medium angular blocky; firm;

many faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—30 to 38 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silt loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

friable; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films

on faces of peds; few fine faint brown (10YR 5/3)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

2Bt4—38 to 56 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure;

friable; few faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds; many fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; about 10 percent gravel in some strata;

slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

2C—56 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and

brown (10YR 5/3), stratified sandy loam and

gravelly sandy loam; massive; friable; about 15

percent gravel in some strata; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the loess: 24 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 60 inches

Thickness of the solum: 40 to more than 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam

E horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—clay loam, loam, sandy loam, or silt loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—stratified sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or

loamy sand

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

134A—Camden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits

Map Unit Composition

Camden and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a darker surface layer than that of the

Camden soil

• Soils that contain more clay in the subsoil than the

Camden soil

• Soils that have slopes of more than 2 percent

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table at a

depth of less than 6 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

• Somewhat poorly drained, silty soils on summits and

footslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Camden Soil

Parent material: Loess and the underlying outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate or

moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to 3

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: Moderate for steel and concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Low
30 Soil Survey of

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Chatsworth Series

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Very slow

Landform: End moraines and ground moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 4 to 12 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic

Oxyaquic Eutrudepts

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Chatsworth silty clay, 6 to 12 percent slopes, severely

eroded; at an elevation of 735 feet; 148 feet north and

1,870 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 7, T. 24

N., R. 10 E., in Iroquois County, Illinois; USGS Buckley

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 32 minutes 48

seconds N. and lat. 88 degrees 06 minutes 20

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 2 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silty

clay, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate

medium granular structure; firm; common medium

roots; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw1—2 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay; moderate very fine and fine subangular

blocky structure; firm; few medium and fine roots;

few fine white (10YR 8/1) very weakly cemented

calcium carbonate nodules throughout; few fine

distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common fine faint dark

gray (5Y 4/1) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy

boundary.

Bw2—11 to 15 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay; weak medium prismatic structure parting

to moderate fine and medium angular blocky; very

firm; few fine roots between peds; common faint

dark gray (5Y 4/1) coatings on faces of peds;

common medium white (10YR 8/1) very weakly

cemented calcium carbonate nodules throughout;

common fine distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

common fine faint dark gray (5Y 4/1) iron

depletions in the matrix; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw3—15 to 22 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting

to weak medium subangular blocky; very firm; few

fine roots between peds; common faint dark gray

(5Y 4/1) coatings on faces of peds; common

medium white (10YR 8/1) very weakly cemented

calcium carbonate nodules throughout; common

fine distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common fine faint dark

gray (5Y 4/1) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Cd1—22 to 35 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay; massive; very firm; few fine roots along

cleavage planes; many faint gray (5Y 5/1) coatings

along cleavage planes; few medium white (10YR

8/1) very weakly cemented calcium carbonate

nodules along cleavage planes; many medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; many fine faint

gray (5Y 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

Cd2—35 to 60 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay;

massive; very firm; very few fine roots along

widely spaced cleavage planes; many faint gray

(5Y 5/1) coatings along cleavage planes; few

medium white (10YR 8/1) very weakly cemented

calcium carbonate nodules along cleavage planes;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 0 to 20 inches

Thickness of the solum: 10 to 24 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay

Bw horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silty clay, clay, or silty clay loam

Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—silty clay, clay, or silty clay loam
Ford County, Illinois 31

241C3—Chatsworth silty clay, 4 to 6

percent slopes, severely eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Chatsworth and similar soils: 96 percent

Dissimilar soils: 4 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have slopes of less than 4 percent or more

than 6 percent

• Soils that contain carbonates beginning at a depth of

more than 20 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Bryce soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the

Chatsworth Soil

Parent material: Till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Very

slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Very slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 24 inches to dense

material

Available water capacity: About 3.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

1.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 2.0 to 3.5 feet (February through April)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer is mostly

subsoil material (fig. 4).

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and low for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Very high

Hazard of water erosion: Moderate

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderate

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 6e

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

241D3—Chatsworth silty clay, 6 to 12

percent slopes, severely eroded

Setting

Landform: End moraines and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Chatsworth and similar soils: 96 percent

Dissimilar soils: 4 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have slopes of less than 6 percent

• Soils that contain carbonates beginning at a depth of

more than 20 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Bryce soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the

Chatsworth Soil

Parent material: Till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Very

slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Very slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 10 to 24 inches to dense

material

Available water capacity: About 3 inches to a depth of

60 inches

Figure 4.—An area of Chatsworth silty clay, 4 to 6 percent

slopes, severely eroded, used for pasture. This soil is

unsuited to cultivated crops because of the hazard of

water erosion, the limited available water capacity, and

poor tilth.
32 Soil Survey of

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

1.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 2.0 to 3.5 feet (February through April)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer is mostly

subsoil material.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and low for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Very high

Hazard of water erosion: Moderate

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderate

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 7e

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Chenoa Series

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part, slow in the

lower part

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic Aquic

Argiudolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Chenoa silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an

elevation of 691 feet; 100 feet south and 825 feet west

of the northeast corner of sec. 2, T. 27 N., R. 3 E., in

Livingston County, Illinois; USGS Flanagan South

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 47 minutes 19

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 50 minutes 14

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; few fine roots; neutral; abrupt

smooth boundary.

BA—12 to 16 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam;

weak fine prismatic structure parting to moderate

fine angular blocky; friable; few very fine roots;

many distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic coatings

on faces of peds; few fine faint dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt—16 to 21 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam;

moderate fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine angular blocky; friable; few very fine

roots; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; common

distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films

on faces of peds; few fine distinct gray (10YR 5/1)

iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Btg1—21 to 26 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine angular blocky; friable;

few very fine roots; many distinct dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on vertical faces of

peds; common medium black (10YR 2/1) very

weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

concretions throughout; common medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine faint

gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Btg2—26 to 32 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium angular blocky;

friable; few very fine roots; common distinct dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on vertical

faces of peds; common medium black (10YR 2/1)

very weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

concretions throughout; common medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium

faint gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt—32 to 36 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to weak medium angular blocky; firm; few

very fine roots; few distinct grayish brown (2.5Y

5/2) clay films on faces of peds; common medium

distinct gray (2.5Y 6/1) iron depletions in the

matrix; 3 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

2C—36 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay loam; massive; firm; few prominent light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) coatings on vertical

cleavage planes; common medium distinct gray

(2.5Y 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 3 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of loess or other silty material: 20 to 40

inches

Depth to carbonates: 25 to 45 inches

Thickness of the solum: 25 to 50 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3
Ford County, Illinois 33

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Bt or Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of gravel—2 to 10 percent

614A—Chenoa silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Chenoa and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thinner surface layer than that of

the Chenoa soil

• Soils that contain less clay and more silt in the

subsoil than the Chenoa soil

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 2 feet

• Soils that contain carbonates beginning at a depth of

more than 45 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Ashkum soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Chenoa Soil

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 8.7 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4 to 5

percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 1 to 2 feet (January through May)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Low

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Clarence Series

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Very slow

Landform: Ground moraines

Parent material: Till

Slope range: 0 to 4 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic Aquic

Argiudolls

Taxadjunct features: The Clarence soil in map unit

147B2 has a thinner mollic epipedon than is

defined as the range for the series. This soil is

classified as a fine, illitic, mesic Aquollic Hapludalf.

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Clarence silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an

elevation of 770 feet; 480 feet south and 1,590 feet

east of the northwest corner of sec. 21, T. 24 N., R. 10

E., in Iroquois County, Illinois; USGS Buckley

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 31 minutes 48

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 04 minutes 26

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay

loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

moderate fine and medium granular structure;

friable; many fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

A—7 to 11 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

moderate fine and medium granular structure;

friable; many fine roots; very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

organic coatings on faces of peds; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.
34 Soil Survey of

Btg1—11 to 16 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

firm; common fine roots; common distinct dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films and very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films on faces of

peds; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Btg2—16 to 24 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

clay; moderate medium angular blocky structure;

firm; few fine roots; many distinct dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) clay films and few very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films on faces of

peds; many fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y

5/4) and common fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Btg3—24 to 29 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium angular blocky; firm; few fine

roots; many distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay

films on faces of peds; few distinct very dark gray

(5Y 3/1) organic coatings along root channels; few

fine black (10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented iron

and manganese oxide concretions throughout;

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) krotovina; common fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and distinct

light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common fine faint gray

(10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 3 percent

gravel; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

BCg—29 to 39 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay; moderate medium prismatic structure;

very firm; few fine roots; few faint dark gray (10YR

4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few faint very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings along root

channels; common medium white (10YR 8/1) soft

masses of calcium carbonate throughout;

common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

few fine distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions in

the matrix; 1 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Cdg—39 to 60 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2),

light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4), and gray (5Y 5/1) silty

clay; massive; very firm; common medium white

(10YR 8/1) soft masses of calcium carbonate

throughout; few distinct calcium carbonate

coatings on cleavage planes; 2 percent gravel;

strongly effervescent (18 percent calcium

carbonate equivalent); moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 38 inches

Thickness of the solum: 25 to 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Bt or Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—silty clay, clay, or silty clay loam

BCg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silty clay or clay

Content of gravel—less than 5 percent

Cd or Cdg horizon:

Hue—2.5Y, 5Y, or 5GY

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—silty clay or clay

Content of gravel—less than 5 percent

147A—Clarence silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Clarence and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that do not have a subsurface layer

• Soils that contain less clay in the subsoil than the

Clarence soil

• Soils that have slopes of more than 2 percent

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of more

than 20 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Rowe soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Clarence Soil

Parent material: Till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Ford County, Illinois 35

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Very

slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Very slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 25 to 40 inches to dense

material

Available water capacity: About 5.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to 5

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 1 to 2 feet (January through May)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: High

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3w

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

147B2—Clarence silty clay loam, 2 to 4

percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes and footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Clarence and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain less clay in the subsoil than the

Clarence soil

• Soils that are only slightly eroded

• Soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent or more

than 4 percent

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Rowe soils on toeslopes

• The moderately well drained Chatsworth soils on

backslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Clarence Soil

Parent material: Till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Very

slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Very slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 25 to 40 inches to dense

material

Available water capacity: About 4.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to 4

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 1 to 2 feet (January through May)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Very high

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3e

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Dana Series

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part, moderately

slow in the lower part

Landform: End moraines and ground moraines

Parent material: Loess and the underlying till

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Taxadjunct features: The Dana soil in map unit 56B2

has a thinner mollic epipedon than is defined as

the range for the series. This soil is classified as a

fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic

Hapludalf.

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes; at an elevation

of 706 feet; 1,810 feet north and 750 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 10, T. 16 N., R. 14 W., in

Edgar County, Illinois; USGS Newman topographic

quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 51 minutes 21 seconds N.

and long. 87 degrees 56 minutes 05 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 11 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) dry; moderate fine

granular structure; friable; common very fine and

fine roots throughout; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.
36 Soil Survey of

Bt1—11 to 15 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots

throughout; common distinct very dark gray (10YR

3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; many

distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films

on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—15 to 25 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine angular blocky; firm;

common very fine and fine roots between peds;

many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces

of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—25 to 32 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay

loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm;

common very fine and fine roots between peds;

common medium vesicular and tubular pores; few

distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films

on faces of peds and in pores; many distinct

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds;

common fine and medium rounded black (7.5YR

2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and manganese

oxide nodules throughout; common medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common fine faint light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt4—32 to 38 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam;

moderate medium prismatic structure; firm; few

very fine and fine roots between peds; common

medium vesicular and tubular pores; few distinct

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay

films along root channels and pores; many distinct

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds;

common fine and medium rounded black (7.5YR

2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and manganese

oxide nodules throughout; many medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common medium faint

light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in

the matrix; 3 percent fine and medium gravel;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt5—38 to 53 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam;

moderate coarse prismatic structure; firm; few

very fine and fine roots between peds; common

medium and coarse vesicular and tubular pores;

few prominent very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organoclay films lining root channels and pores; many

distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films

on faces of peds; few medium rounded black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide nodules throughout; many

medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron

depletions in the matrix; 7 percent fine and

medium gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt6—53 to 58 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam;

weak coarse angular blocky structure; firm; few

very fine and fine roots between peds; common

medium and coarse vesicular and tubular pores;

few prominent very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organoclay films lining root channels and pores; common

distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films

on faces of peds; few medium rounded black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide nodules throughout; many

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron

depletions in the matrix; 7 percent fine and

medium gravel; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

2C—58 to 80 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam;

massive; firm; few fine and medium vesicular and

tubular pores; common medium irregular brown

(10YR 4/3) extremely weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide masses on horizontal fracture

planes; few fine to coarse rounded yellowish red

(5YR 5/8) weakly cemented iron oxide nodules

throughout; few medium rounded black (7.5YR

2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and manganese

oxide nodules throughout; common medium

rounded and irregular white (10YR 8/1) weakly

cemented calcium carbonate nodules throughout;

common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

common medium distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron

depletions in the matrix; 7 percent fine and

medium gravel; violently effervescent; slightly

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 18 inches

Thickness of the loess: 22 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 60 inches

Thickness of the solum: 40 to more than 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5
Ford County, Illinois 37

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—clay loam

Content of gravel—1 to 7 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam or clay loam

Content of gravel—1 to 15 percent

56B—Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes and summits

Map Unit Composition

Dana and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent or more

than 5 percent

• Soils that have a thinner surface layer than that of

the Dana soil

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table at a

depth of less than 2 feet or more than 3.5 feet

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Dana Soil

Parent material: Loess and the underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to 5

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 2.0 to 3.5 feet (February through April)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Low

Hazard of water erosion: Moderate

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

56B2—Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes and summits

Map Unit Composition

Dana and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent or more

than 5 percent

• Soils that are only slightly eroded

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table at a

depth of less than 2 feet or more than 3.5 feet

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Dana Soil

Parent material: Loess and the underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to 4

percent
38 Soil Survey of

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 2.0 to 3.5 feet (February through April)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Low

Hazard of water erosion: Moderate

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Del Rey Series

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic Aeric

Epiaqualfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Del Rey silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an

elevation of 663 feet; 155 feet south and 900 feet west

of the northeast corner of sec. 1, T. 25 N., R. 11 E., in

Iroquois County, Illinois; USGS Onarga West

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 40 minutes 43

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 00 minutes 13

seconds W., NAD 27:

A—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry;

moderate fine and medium granular structure;

friable; many fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

E—4 to 9 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt

loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; moderate thin and

medium platy structure; friable; many fine roots;

moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt—9 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam;

strong fine subangular blocky structure; firm;

common fine roots; many distinct grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds and many

distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) (dry) clay

depletions; very strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Btg1—12 to 25 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

silty clay; strong fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; many

distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on

faces of peds; few fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btg2—25 to 33 inches; 50 percent light brownish gray

(2.5Y 6/2), 30 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4),

and 20 percent gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay;

moderate fine and medium angular and

subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine

roots; many distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay

films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

BCtg—33 to 41 inches; 35 percent light brownish gray

(2.5Y 6/2), 35 percent gray (10YR 6/1), and 30

percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty clay loam;

weak coarse angular and subangular blocky

structure; firm; few fine roots; common distinct

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay films on vertical

faces of peds; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Cg—41 to 60 inches; 55 percent grayish brown (10YR

5/2) and 45 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6

and 5/8) silty clay loam; massive; friable; few

distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) (dry) clay depletions

on bedding planes; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 48 inches

Thickness of the solum: 24 to 48 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

E horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Bt, Btg, or BCtg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

C or Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam
Ford County, Illinois 39

192A—Del Rey silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Del Rey and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a darker surface layer than that of the

Del Rey soil

• Soils that contain less clay in the subsoil than the

Del Rey soil

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 2 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Milford soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Del Rey Soil

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 9 inches to a depth of

60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to 3

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 0.5 foot to 2.0 feet (January through May)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: High for steel and concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Medium

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Drummer Series

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Outwash plains and ground moraines

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying outwash

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an

elevation of 715 feet; 300 feet north and 1,600 feet

east of the southwest corner of sec. 19, T. 19 N., R. 9

E., in Champaign County, Illinois; USGS Urbana

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 05 minutes 04

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 13 minutes 58

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; firm; many fine roots; moderately acid;

clear smooth boundary.

A—7 to 14 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine

granular; firm; many fine and medium roots;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

BA—14 to 19 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many

fine and medium roots; few fine faint very dark

grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) masses of manganese

accumulation in the matrix; slightly acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

Bg—19 to 25 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay

loam; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine angular blocky; firm; many fine

roots; common fine distinct and prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; many wormholes;

neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Btg1—25 to 32 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; weak fine and medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky;

firm; many fine roots; common distinct dark gray

(N 4/0) clay films on faces of peds; many medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

Btg2—32 to 41 inches; gray (N 5/0) silty clay loam;

weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak

medium angular blocky; firm; few fine roots; few

distinct dark gray (N 4/0) clay films on faces of

peds; many medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2Btg3—41 to 47 inches; gray (N 5/0) loam; weak
40 Soil Survey of

coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few

fine roots; few distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay

films on faces of peds; common medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; 4 percent gravel;

neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.

2Cg—47 to 60 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1), stratified

loam and sandy loam; massive; friable; many

medium prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses

of iron accumulation in the matrix; many medium

prominent gray (N 5/0) iron depletions in the

matrix; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Thickness of loess or silty material: 40 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 65 inches

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 65 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Btg, Bg, or BA horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—loam, clay loam, silt loam, silty clay

loam, or sandy loam

Content of gravel—less than 7 percent

2Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 7

Chroma—0 to 8

Texture—stratified loam, silt loam, clay loam, or

sandy loam with strata of loamy sand

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

152A—Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Drummer and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

less than 40 inches or more than 60 inches

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

40 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained, calcareous Harpster soils on

toeslopes

• The very poorly drained Peotone soils on toeslopes

• The moderately well drained Dana soils on summits

and backslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Drummer Soil

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying outwash

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate or

moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 11.4 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4 to 7

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Apparent seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): At the surface to 1 foot below the surface

(January through May)

Ponding: 0.5 foot above the surface during wet periods

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Negligible

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Negligible

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Hydric

Elliott Series

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Slow
Ford County, Illinois 41

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Slope range: 0 to 4 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic Aquic

Argiudolls

Taxadjunct features: The Elliott soil in map unit

146B2 has a thinner mollic epipedon than is

defined as the range for the series. This soil is

classified as a fine, illitic, mesic Aquollic Hapludalf.

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Elliott silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an elevation

of 704 feet; 690 feet south and 2,436 feet west of the

center of sec. 21, T. 29 N., R. 8 E., in Livingston

County, Illinois; USGS Cullom topographic quadrangle;

lat. 40 degrees 58 minutes 12 seconds N. and long. 88

degrees 19 minutes 17 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; common fine roots; moderately

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—6 to 11 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine granular

structure; friable; common fine roots; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—11 to 16 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; common fine roots; few distinct black

(10YR 2/1) organic coatings on faces of peds;

many distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay

films on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt2—16 to 23 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine angular blocky; friable;

few fine roots; common distinct dark grayish brown

(2.5Y 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; few fine distinct grayish

brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 1

percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3—23 to 28 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine angular blocky; friable;

few fine roots; common distinct dark grayish brown

(2.5Y 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common

fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 1

percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt4—28 to 35 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay

loam; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine angular blocky; firm; few fine roots;

many distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay

films on faces of peds; few fine black (10YR 2/1)

very weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

concretions throughout; few medium white (10YR

8/1) calcium carbonate concretions throughout;

few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 1

percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt5—35 to 41 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay

loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium angular blocky; firm; few fine

roots; common distinct gray (5Y 6/1) clay films on

faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; 2 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2Cd—41 to 60 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay

loam; massive; firm; common fine prominent gray

(5Y 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 3 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of loess or silty material: Less than 20

inches

Depth to carbonates: 17 to 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 45 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Bt or 2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

2Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

146A—Elliott silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: End moraines and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes
42 Soil Survey of

Map Unit Composition

Elliott and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 2 feet

• Soils that have a thinner subsurface layer than that

of the Elliott soil

• Soils that have slopes of more than 2 percent

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Ashkum soils on toeslopes

• The moderately well drained, clayey Orthents on

summits and backslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Elliott Soil

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 45 inches to dense

material

Available water capacity: About 8.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4 to 5

percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 1 to 2 feet (January through May)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Medium

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

146B2—Elliott silty clay loam, 2 to 4

percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes and footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Elliott and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 2 feet

• Soils that are only slightly eroded

• Soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent or more

than 4 percent

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Ashkum soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Elliott Soil

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 45 inches to dense

material

Available water capacity: About 7.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to 4

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 1 to 2 feet (January through May)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Medium

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Graymont Series

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; slow in the

lower part

Landform: Ground moraines

Parent material: Loess and the underlying till

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent
Ford County, Illinois 43

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Taxadjunct features: The Graymont soils in this

survey area have a thinner mollic epipedon than is

defined as the range for the series. These soils are

classified as fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic

Oxyaquic Hapludalfs.

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Graymont silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded; at

an elevation of 820 feet; 2,275 feet north and 310 feet

west of the southeast corner of sec. 12, T. 18 N., R. 11

E., in Bureau County, Illinois; USGS Mendota West

topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 33 minutes 37

seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 10 minutes 03

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate fine

and medium granular structure; friable; many very

fine and common fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

BA—8 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam;

weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to

moderate medium granular; friable; many very fine

and common fine roots; few distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on

faces of peds; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very

weakly cemented manganese nodules throughout;

few fine very weakly cemented iron oxide

concretions throughout; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt1—14 to 18 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots;

common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very

weakly cemented manganese nodules throughout;

few fine very weakly cemented iron oxide

concretions throughout; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—18 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common very

fine and fine roots; common faint brown (10YR

4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common fine

black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented

manganese nodules throughout; few fine very

weakly cemented iron oxide concretions

throughout; common fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; common fine distinct grayish brown (10YR

5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3—24 to 31 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay

loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; firm;

common very fine and fine roots; common faint

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds;

common fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly

cemented manganese nodules throughout; few

fine very weakly cemented iron oxide concretions

throughout; common fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; common fine faint light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 1 percent

gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt4—31 to 35 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay

loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

weak medium subangular blocky; firm; many very

fine roots; many faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films

on faces of peds; common fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1)

very weakly cemented manganese nodules

throughout; common medium very weakly

cemented iron oxide concretions throughout;

common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; 5 percent gravel; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2BC—35 to 43 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay

loam; weak medium prismatic structure; very firm;

common very fine roots; few faint brown (10YR

5/3) clay films on faces of peds; very few distinct

light gray (10YR 7/2) (dry) silt coatings on faces of

peds; common fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very

weakly cemented manganese nodules throughout;

common fine very weakly cemented iron oxide

concretions throughout; common fine prominent

light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/4) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common fine faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

2C—43 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay

loam; massive with some vertical cleavage planes;

very firm; few distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) (dry)

silt coatings on faces of peds; few fine black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented manganese

nodules throughout; few fine very weakly

cemented iron oxide concretions throughout;

common fine prominent light reddish brown

(2.5YR 6/4) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; 2 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of the loess: 20 to 40 inches
44 Soil Survey of

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 24 to 45 inches

Ap, A, or AB horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt or 2Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of gravel—1 to 10 percent

2C or 2Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

Content of gravel—2 to 15 percent

541B2—Graymont silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Graymont and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are only slightly eroded

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2 feet or more than

3.5 feet

• Soils that contain carbonates beginning at a depth of

more than 40 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Ashkum soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Graymont Soil

Parent material: Loess and the underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 8.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to 4

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 2.0 to 3.5 feet (February through April)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Moderate

Hazard of water erosion: Moderate

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Harpster Series

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Outwash plains, lake plains, and ground

moraines

Parent material: Calcareous loess or other silty

material over drift

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Calciaquolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an

elevation of 738 feet; 855 feet south and 70 feet west

of the northeast corner of sec. 20, T. 23 N., R. 7 E., in

Ford County, Illinois; USGS Gibson City West

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 26 minutes 24

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 25 minutes 23

seconds W., NAD 27:

Apk—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular

structure; friable; common very fine roots; many

snail shells; strongly effervescent (20 percent

calcium carbonate equivalent); moderately

alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

Ak—9 to 18 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine and

medium granular structure; firm; common very fine

roots; many snail shells; strongly effervescent (18
Ford County, Illinois 45

percent calcium carbonate equivalent); moderately

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bg1—18 to 25 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay loam; weak fine and medium angular

blocky structure; firm; common very fine roots;

many distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic

coatings on faces of peds; few snail shells;

common fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly

effervescent (7 percent calcium carbonate

equivalent); moderately alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bg2—25 to 31 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay

loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine and medium angular

blocky; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; few snail shells; few fine prominent dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and few fine distinct

olive (5Y 4/4) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; slightly effervescent (5 percent calcium

carbonate equivalent); slightly alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

Bg3—31 to 36 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay

loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to

weak medium angular blocky; firm; few very fine

roots; common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

organic coatings on faces of peds; common

medium distinct olive (5Y 4/4) and few fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; 2 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent (2 percent calcium carbonate

equivalent); slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bg4—36 to 41 inches; 40 percent olive brown (2.5Y

4/4), 35 percent olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6), and 25

percent gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay loam; weak coarse

angular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots;

2 percent gravel; slightly effervescent (2 percent

calcium carbonate equivalent); slightly alkaline;

gradual smooth boundary.

Cg1—41 to 56 inches; 55 percent gray (5Y 5/1), 40

percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6), and 5 percent

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam;

massive; firm; 1 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent (16 percent calcium carbonate

equivalent); moderately alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

Cg2—56 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) loam; massive;

friable; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Thickness of loess or other silty material: 36 to 60

inches

Depth to carbonates: Less than 16 inches

Thickness of the solum: 22 to 46 inches

Apk or Ak horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam; loam or clay

loam included in the range for the lower part

Cg horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—silt loam, loam, sandy loam, or clay

loam

Content of gravel—less than 7 percent

67A—Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains, ground moraines, and lake

plains

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Harpster and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are darker in the upper part of the subsoil

than the Harpster soil

• Soils that do not contain carbonates at or near the

surface

• Soils that contain more clay in the subsoil than the

Harpster soil

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained, noncalcareous Drummer soils

on toeslopes

• Somewhat poorly drained, noncalcareous soils on

summits and footslopes

• The very poorly drained, organic Houghton soils on

toeslopes
46 Soil Survey of

Properties and Qualities of the Harpster Soil

Parent material: Calcareous loess or other silty

material over drift

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate or

moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 12.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4 to 6

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Apparent seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): At the surface to 1 foot below the surface

(January through May)

Ponding: 0.5 foot above the surface during wet periods

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Negligible

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: High for steel and low for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Negligible

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Hydric

Houghton Series

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Landform: Ground moraines and outwash plains

Parent material: Herbaceous organic material

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Euic, mesic Typic

Haplosaprists

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Houghton muck, undrained, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at

an elevation of 833 feet; 150 feet south and 2,508 feet

west of the northeast corner of sec. 26, T. 25 N., R. 7

E., in Ford County, Illinois; USGS Sibley topographic

quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 36 minutes 08 seconds N.

and long. 88 degrees 22 minutes 31 seconds W., NAD

27:

Oa1—0 to 12 inches; sapric material, black (N 2.5/0)

broken face and rubbed; 2 percent fiber; moderate

fine granular structure; very friable; common fine

roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Oa2—12 to 20 inches; sapric material, very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) broken face and very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) rubbed; less than 1 percent

fiber; moderate fine angular blocky structure; very

friable; few fine roots; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.

Oa3—20 to 40 inches; sapric material, very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) broken face and rubbed;

less than 1 percent fiber; weak medium angular

blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots;

neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Oa4—40 to 60 inches; sapric material, very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) broken face and very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) rubbed; less than 1 percent

fiber; massive; very friable; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the organic material: More than 51 inches

Surface tier:

Hue—10YR or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Subsurface tier:

Hue—10YR, 7.5YR, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 to 3

1103A—Houghton muck, undrained, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and outwash plains

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Houghton and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have less organic matter in the surface

layer than the Houghton soil

• Soils that have organic deposits less than 51 inches

thick

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Houghton Soil

Parent material: Herbaceous organic material
Ford County, Illinois 47

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow to moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 23.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 70 to 99

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Not rated

Apparent seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): At the surface to 0.5 foot below the

surface (all year)

Ponding: 1 foot above the surface during wet periods

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: High for steel and concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Negligible

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: High

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 5w

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Hydric

La Hogue Series

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Parent material: Outwash

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

La Hogue loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an elevation

of 675 feet; 1,910 feet north and 150 feet east of the

southwest corner of sec. 7, T. 19 N., R. 14 W., in

Champaign County, Illinois; USGS Homer topographic

quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 07 minutes 05 seconds N.

and long. 87 degrees 59 minutes 39 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark gray

(10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine angular fragments

(cloddy) parting to weak fine granular structure;

friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—10 to 16 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam,

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak medium

subangular blocky structure parting to moderate

fine granular; friable; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt1—16 to 26 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam;

weak medium prismatic structure; friable; common

distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

organo-clay films on faces of peds; many distinct

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces

of peds; few fine irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1)

weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

nodules throughout; few fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; neutral; few fine faint grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt2—26 to 36 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy clay

loam; moderate medium prismatic structure;

friable; many distinct dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine irregular

black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide nodules throughout; few fine

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine faint light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—36 to 43 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sandy loam;

weak medium prismatic structure; friable; many

distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films

on faces of peds; common medium irregular black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide nodules throughout; common

medium distinct reddish brown (5YR 4/4) and

common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Cg1—43 to 54 inches; 75 percent grayish brown

(10YR 5/2) and 25 percent strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) sandy loam; massive; very friable; common

medium irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide nodules

throughout; common medium prominent reddish

brown (5YR 4/4) masses of iron and manganese

accumulation in the matrix; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Cg2—54 to 61 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sandy loam;

massive; friable; common medium rounded black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide nodules throughout; few

medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Cg3—61 to 65 inches; 55 percent light olive gray (5Y

6/2) and 45 percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

silt loam; massive; friable; common medium
48 Soil Survey of

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral; gradual

smooth boundary.

Cg4—65 to 80 inches; 60 percent light brownish gray

(2.5Y 6/2) and 40 percent yellowish brown (10YR

5/8), stratified silt loam and loam; massive; friable;

strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 60 inches

Thickness of the solum: 35 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—clay loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or

sandy loam

Content of gravel—less than 7 percent

Cg or C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—stratified loam, sandy loam, silt loam, or

loamy sand

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

102A—La Hogue loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Map Unit Composition

La Hogue and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 2 feet

• Soils that do not have a subsurface layer and have a

thinner surface layer than that of the La Hogue soil

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

• The well drained Penfield soils on summits and

backslopes

Properties and Qualities of the La Hogue Soil

Parent material: Outwash

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate or

moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to 4

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Apparent seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 1 to 2 feet (January through May)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Low

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Martinsville Series

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Parent material: Outwash

Slope range: 5 to 10 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Typic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Martinsville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes; at an

elevation of 695 feet; 250 feet south and 1,430 feet

east of the northwest corner of sec. 36, T. 21 N., R. 7

E., in Champaign County, Illinois; USGS Rising

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 14 minutes 14

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 21 minutes 37

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale

brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak very fine and fine

granular structure; friable; common very fine roots;

moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Ford County, Illinois 49

BE—9 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; moderate fine angular blocky structure;

friable; common very fine roots; few faint brown

(10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; strongly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—12 to 19 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to strong fine angular blocky; firm;

common very fine roots; common distinct dark

brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on faces of

peds; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay

films on faces of peds; few fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—19 to 28 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay

loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

strong medium angular blocky; firm; many very

fine roots; many distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4)

clay films on faces of peds and in pores; few fine

faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; few fine rounded black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide nodules throughout; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—28 to 36 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) sandy

clay loam; moderate medium and coarse angular

blocky structure; firm; common very fine roots;

many distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on

faces of peds and in pores; few fine faint yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; few fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1)

very weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

nodules throughout; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt4—36 to 45 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy clay loam; weak coarse angular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct

dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films on faces

of peds; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

common fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very

weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

nodules throughout; moderately acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

Bt5—45 to 57 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4),

stratified silt loam; weak coarse angular blocky

structure; friable; common distinct brown (10YR

4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common fine rounded

black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron

and manganese oxide nodules throughout;

moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

BCt—57 to 69 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4),

stratified silt loam, loam, and sandy loam; weak

coarse angular blocky structure; friable; few

distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on vertical

faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; common fine faint pale brown (10YR

6/3) masses of iron depletion in the matrix;

common fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very

weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

nodules throughout; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

C—69 to 80 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4),

stratified loam and sandy loam; massive; friable;

slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 70 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam or silt loam

E horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—clay loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or

sandy loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

C horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—loam, sandy loam, silt loam, or loamy

sand

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

570C2—Martinsville loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Stream terraces and outwash plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes
50 Soil Survey of

Map Unit Composition

Martinsville and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have slopes of less than 5 percent or more

than 10 percent

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table at a

depth of less than 6 feet

• Soils that have a darker surface layer than that of the

Martinsville soil

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

• The poorly drained Sawmill soils on flood plains

Properties and Qualities of the

Martinsville Soil

Parent material: Outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate or

moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.5 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to 2

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: Moderate for steel and concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Medium

Hazard of water erosion: Moderate

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3e

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Martinton Series

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic Aquic

Argiudolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Martinton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an

elevation of 650 feet; 425 feet north and 160 feet west

of the southeast corner of sec. 5, T. 27 N., R. 7 E., in

Livingston County, Illinois; USGS Forrest North

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 50 minutes 01

second N. and long. 88 degrees 26 minutes 03

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam,

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine

granular structure; friable; few very fine roots; few

faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings

on faces of peds; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—7 to 12 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate

fine granular structure; friable; few very fine roots;

few faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic

coatings on faces of peds; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

BA—12 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam;

moderate fine angular blocky structure; friable; few

very fine roots; many faint very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) organic coatings on faces of peds; few

fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions

in the matrix; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btg1—19 to 27 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

silty clay; moderate fine prismatic structure parting

to moderate fine angular blocky; firm; few very fine

roots; common distinct very dark grayish brown

(2.5Y 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds; few

fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron and manganese

oxide concretions throughout; few fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common fine faint

grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btg2—27 to 39 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine angular blocky; firm; few

very fine roots; common faint very dark grayish

brown (2.5Y 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of

peds; few black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron and manganese

oxide concretions throughout; many medium

distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and few fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

BCtg—39 to 46 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt
Ford County, Illinois 51

loam; weak medium prismatic structure; friable;

few faint dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay films

on faces of peds; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron

and manganese oxide concretions throughout;

common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; very slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

clear smooth boundary.

Cg—46 to 60 inches; 60 percent grayish brown (2.5Y

5/2) and 40 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6),

stratified silty clay loam and sandy loam; massive;

friable; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron and

manganese oxide concretions throughout; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 50 inches

Thickness of the solum: 30 to 52 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Btg or Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—silt loam, silty clay loam, clay loam,

loam, or sandy loam

189A—Martinton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Martinton and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that do not have a subsurface layer

• Soils that have slopes of more than 2 percent

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

• Soils that contain less clay in the subsoil than the

Martinton soil

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Milford soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Martinton Soil

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.6 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4 to 5

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Apparent seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 1 to 2 feet (January through May)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Low

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Milford Series

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Landform: Lake plains

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, mixed, superactive,

mesic Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Milford silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an

elevation of 643 feet; 1,450 feet north and 70 feet east

of the southwest corner of sec. 4, T. 26 N., R. 14 W., in

Iroquois County, Illinois; USGS Gilman topographic

quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 45 minutes 24 seconds N.
52 Soil Survey of

and long. 87 degrees 57 minutes 29 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate very fine and

fine subangular and angular blocky structure; firm;

many fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—9 to 18 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate and strong very

fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common

fine roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

BA—18 to 22 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate fine and

medium angular blocky structure; very firm;

common fine roots; many distinct black (10YR 2/1)

organic coatings on faces of peds; common

medium prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses

of iron accumulation in the matrix; common

medium faint dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bg1—22 to 31 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay loam;

moderate medium and coarse prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium and coarse angular

and subangular blocky; very firm; common fine

roots; many distinct dark gray (5Y 4/1) pressure

faces on faces of peds; few fine black (N 2.5/0)

iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; many medium prominent dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; many medium faint

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg2—31 to 42 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) clay loam;

moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium and coarse angular blocky;

very firm; few fine roots; common medium

prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bg3—42 to 50 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay

loam stratified with thin bands of clay loam;

moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to

moderate coarse subangular and angular blocky;

firm; few fine roots; many medium prominent dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Cg—50 to 60 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) clay loam stratified

with bands of fine sandy loam, silty clay loam, and

silty clay; massive; firm; few fine roots; many

coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and

5/8) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 12 to 24 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 36 inches

Thickness of the solum: 36 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, silt loam,

loam, or sandy loam

69A—Milford silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Milford and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain less clay or more clay in the

subsoil than the Milford soil

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Martinton soils on

summits and footslopes

• The very poorly drained Houghton soils on

toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Milford Soil

Parent material: Lacustrine deposits

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow
Ford County, Illinois 53

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 12.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4 to 6

percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Apparent seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): At the surface to 1 foot below the surface

(January through May)

Ponding: 0.5 foot above the surface during wet periods

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Negligible

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: High for steel and low for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Negligible

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderate

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Hydric

Mokena Series

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow in the upper part, very

slow in the lower part

Landform: Ground moraines and lake plains

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying outwash and till or

lacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Mokena silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an

elevation of 636 feet; 1,980 feet south and 194 feet

east of the northwest corner of sec. 7, T. 29 N., R. 12

W., in Kankakee County, Illinois; USGS Kankakee

topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 00 minutes 53

seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 46 minutes 15

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 5 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine and medium

granular structure; friable; common very fine and

fine roots throughout; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

A—5 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark gray

(10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure parting to weak fine and medium

granular; friable; common very fine and fine roots

throughout; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

AB—12 to 15 inches; 70 percent black (10YR 2/1) and

30 percent very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure parting to weak fine and medium

granular; friable; few very fine and fine roots

throughout; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt1—15 to 20 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; few very fine and fine roots throughout; many

distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay films on

faces of peds; common prominent black (10YR

2/1) organic coatings in root channels; common

fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions

in the matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2—20 to 25 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3)

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots throughout;

common distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

clay films on faces of peds; common prominent

black (10YR 2/1) organic coatings in root

channels; common medium black (N 2.5/0)

manganese nodules throughout; common fine

faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in

the matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt3—25 to 32 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure;

firm; few very fine roots throughout; common

distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

organo-clay films on faces of peds; common

medium black (N 2.5/0) manganese nodules

throughout; many medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; common medium distinct light brownish

gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt4—32 to 38 inches; 50 percent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/4) and 50 percent dark grayish brown

(2.5Y 4/2) clay loam; weak medium and coarse

angular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots

throughout; few fine distinct very dark grayish

brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of

peds; common medium black (N 2.5/0)

manganese nodules throughout; many medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; 1 percent gravel;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt5—38 to 42 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay; weak

fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very

firm; few very fine and fine roots throughout; few

prominent dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay films
54 Soil Survey of

on faces of peds; common medium black (N 2.5/0)

manganese nodules throughout; many medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; 1 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy

boundary.

2Cd—42 to 60 inches; 80 percent gray (5Y 5/1) and 20

percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay;

massive; very firm; few fine black (N 2.5/0)

manganese nodules throughout; common medium

light gray (2.5Y 7/1) carbonate concretions

throughout; 2 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Depth to till or lacustrine deposits: 30 to 50 inches

Depth to carbonates: 30 to 50 inches

Thickness of the solum: 30 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam or loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or silty

clay loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay or clay

Content of gravel—less than 7 percent

2Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 4

Texture—silty clay or clay

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

295A—Mokena silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and lake plains

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Mokena and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have slopes of more than 2 percent

• Soils that contain less clay in the lower part of the

profile than the Mokena soil

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of less

than 30 inches or more than 50 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Bryce soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Mokena Soil

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying outwash and till or

lacustrine deposits

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Very slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 30 to 60 inches to dense

material

Available water capacity: About 8.7 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to 5

percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 1 to 2 feet (January through May)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and low for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Medium

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Onarga Series

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part, rapid in the

lower part

Landform: Beach ridges and outwash plains

Parent material: Eolian deposits and/or outwash

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent
Ford County, Illinois 55

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Onarga fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes; at an

elevation of 666 feet; 2,032 feet south and 33 feet west

of the northeast corner of sec. 17, T. 26 N., R. 10 E., in

Iroquois County, Illinois; USGS Onarga West

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 43 minutes 45

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 05 minutes 12

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

fine sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

dry; weak very fine granular structure; very friable;

moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—8 to 13 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

fine sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

many fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt1—13 to 23 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

fine sandy loam; weak fine prismatic structure

parting to weak fine subangular blocky; friable;

common fine roots; many faint dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—23 to 29 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine

sandy loam; weak medium prismatic structure

parting to weak fine subangular blocky; very

friable; few fine roots; common faint dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; very

strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

BC—29 to 33 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

loamy fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; few fine roots; strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

C—33 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and

light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), stratified loamy

fine sand and fine sand; single grain; loose; slightly

acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of the solum: 27 to 50 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy loam

C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—4 to 6

Texture—stratified loamy fine sand, fine sand, fine

sandy loam, loamy sand, sand, or sandy loam

150B—Onarga fine sandy loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and beach ridges

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Onarga and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent

• Soils that contain less clay in the subsoil than the

Onarga soil

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table at a

depth of less than 6 feet

• Soils that do not have a subsurface layer

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Ridgeville soils on

summits and footslopes

• The poorly drained Selma soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Onarga Soil

Parent material: Eolian deposits and/or outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 7.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to 4

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: Low for steel and high for concrete
56 Soil Survey of

Potential for surface runoff: Low

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderately high

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

802B—Orthents, loamy, undulating

Setting

General description: This map unit consists of areas of

disturbed soil material.

Landform: Outwash plains and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Orthents and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain more silt and less sand in the

profile than the Orthents

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table at a

depth of less than 3.5 feet

• Soils that contain carbonates at or near the surface

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Orthents

Parent material: Fill material

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

2.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 3.5 to 5.0 feet (February through April)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: Moderate for steel and concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Medium

Hazard of water erosion: Moderate

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

805B—Orthents, clayey, undulating

Setting

General description: This map unit consists of areas of

disturbed soil material.

Landform: Leveled land, ground moraines, and lake

plains

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Orthents and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain less clay and more sand or silt in

the profile than the Orthents

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2 feet or more than

3.5 feet

• Soils that contain carbonates at or near the surface

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Ashkum soils on toeslopes

• The very poorly drained Houghton soils on

toeslopes

• The very poorly drained Peotone soils on

toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Orthents

Parent material: Earthy fill

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Very

slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Very slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 4.4 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

2.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Very high

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 2.0 to 3.5 feet (February through April)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Very high
Ford County, Illinois 57

Hazard of water erosion: Moderate

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderate

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3e

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Ozaukee Series

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Slow

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Slope range: 2 to 20 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic

Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Ozaukee silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes; at an

elevation of 780 feet; 2,540 feet north and 2,200 feet

east of the southwest corner of sec. 31, T. 39 N., R. 10

E., in Du Page County, Illinois; USGS Naperville

topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 49 minutes 14

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 08 minutes 18

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt

loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry; moderate

very fine and fine granular structure; friable; many

very fine and fine roots; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

BE—4 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak

thick platy structure parting to moderate fine

subangular blocky; friable; many very fine roots;

few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

coatings on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

2Bt1—10 to 16 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) silty clay loam; weak fine prismatic structure

parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; friable;

common very fine roots; few distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on

faces of peds; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds; 1 percent gravel;

slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

2Bt2—16 to 21 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium subangular

blocky; friable; common very fine roots; common

distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

organo-clay films and brown (10YR 4/3) clay films

on faces of peds; common fine strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) very weakly cemented iron oxide

concretions throughout; common fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; 5 percent gravel;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3—21 to 27 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) silty

clay loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; firm;

common very fine roots; few distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on

faces of peds; common distinct grayish brown

(2.5Y 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; common

fine strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) very weakly

cemented iron oxide concretions throughout;

common fine black (10YR 2/1) very weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; common fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; 8 percent gravel; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt4—27 to 33 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) silty

clay loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; firm;

common very fine roots; few distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on

faces of peds; common distinct grayish brown

(2.5Y 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; common

fine strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) very weakly

cemented iron oxide concretions throughout;

common fine black (10YR 2/1) very weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide

concentrations throughout; common fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine faint

light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in

the matrix; 8 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

2BCt—33 to 39 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3)

silty clay loam; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; common very fine roots; few

distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay films on

faces of peds; common fine strong brown (7.5YR

5/8) very weakly cemented iron oxide concretions

throughout; common fine black (10YR 2/1) very

weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

concentrations throughout; common fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine faint

light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in

the matrix; 6 percent gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

2Cd—39 to 60 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; massive; firm; few very fine roots;
58 Soil Survey of

common fine black (10YR 2/1) very weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions

throughout; many medium white (10YR 8/1)

carbonate concretions throughout; many medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine faint

light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in

the matrix; 6 percent gravel; violently effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of loess or silty material: Less than 18

inches

Depth to carbonates: 15 to 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 20 to 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—3 or 4

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

E horizon (if it occurs):

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 or 3

Texture—silt loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Content of gravel—1 to 10 percent

2Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—silty clay loam or clay loam

Content of gravel—3 to 15 percent

530B—Ozaukee silt loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: End moraines and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes and summits

Map Unit Composition

Ozaukee and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are moderately eroded

• Soils that contain less clay in the subsoil than the

Ozaukee soil

• Soils that have a thicker, darker surface layer than

that of the Ozaukee soil

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2 feet or more than

3.5 feet

• Soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent or more

than 4 percent

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Ashkum soils on toeslopes

• The moderately well drained, clayey Orthents on

summits and backslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Ozaukee Soil

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 45 inches to dense

material

Available water capacity: About 7.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to 3

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 2.0 to 3.5 feet (February through April)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and low for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: High

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

530D2—Ozaukee silt loam, 6 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Shoulders and backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Ozaukee and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent
Ford County, Illinois 59

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 3.5 feet

• Soils that contain less clay in the subsoil than the

Ozaukee soil

• Soils that are severely eroded

• Soils that have slopes of less than 6 percent or more

than 12 percent

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Blount soils on

footslopes and summits

• The moderately well drained Chatsworth soils on

backslopes

• The poorly drained Ashkum soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Ozaukee Soil

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 45 inches to dense

material

Available water capacity: About 7.0 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to 2

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 2.0 to 3.5 feet (February through April)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and low for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Very high

Hazard of water erosion: Moderate

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3e

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

530E2—Ozaukee silt loam, 12 to 20

percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: End moraines and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Ozaukee and similar soils: 97 percent

Dissimilar soils: 3 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are only slightly eroded

• Soils that contain less clay in the subsoil than the

Ozaukee soil

• Soils that have slopes of less than 12 percent or

more than 20 percent

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 3.5 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Sawmill soils on flood plains

Properties and Qualities of the Ozaukee Soil

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 20 to 45 inches to dense

material

Available water capacity: About 7 inches to a depth of

60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 1 to 2

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 2.0 to 3.5 feet (February through April)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and low for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Very high

Hazard of water erosion: High

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 4e

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Parr Series

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part, moderately

slow in the lower part

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines
60 Soil Survey of

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Slope range: 5 to 10 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, active,

mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Taxadjunct features: The Parr soils in this survey

area have a thinner mollic epipedon than is

defined as the range for the series. These soils are

classified as fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic

Oxyaquic Hapludalfs.

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Parr clay loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, severely

eroded; at an elevation of 840 feet; 145 feet north and

1,100 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 19, T.

24 N., R. 7 E., in Ford County, Illinois; USGS Sibley

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 30 minutes 55

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 26 minutes 45

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; mixed dark brown (10YR 3/3) and

brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam, grayish brown (10YR

5/2) dry: weak very fine granular structure; friable;

3 percent gravel; strongly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt1—8 to 15 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) clay loam;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organic

coatings on faces of peds; many distinct brown

(10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; 3 percent gravel;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—15 to 25 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) clay loam;

weak fine prismatic structure parting to moderate

medium angular blocky; friable; common distinct

brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few

fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; 3 percent gravel;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

BCt—25 to 37 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay

loam; moderate fine and medium prismatic

structure; firm; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds; few fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; 3 percent gravel;

slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

C—37 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam;

massive; firm; few fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; common fine distinct light brownish gray

(2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix: 3 percent

gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of loess or other silty material: Less than 18

inches

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 24 to 40 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3 in moderately eroded areas; 3 or 4

in severely eroded areas

Chroma—1 to 3 in moderately eroded areas; 2 to

4 in severely eroded areas

Texture—silt loam in moderately eroded areas;

clay loam in severely eroded areas

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—4 to 6

Texture—clay loam or loam

C horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—clay loam or loam

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

221C2—Parr silt loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Shoulders and backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Parr and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have slopes of less than 5 percent or more

than 10 percent

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 3.5 feet

• Soils that contain carbonates beginning at a depth of

less than 20 inches or more than 40 inches

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of more

than 18 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Raub soils on

summits and footslopes

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes
Ford County, Illinois 61

Properties and Qualities of the Parr Soil

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 8.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to 3

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 2.0 to 3.5 feet (February through April)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Medium

Hazard of water erosion: Moderate

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

221C3—Parr clay loam, 5 to 10 percent

slopes, severely eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Parr and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have slopes of less than 5 percent or more

than 10 percent

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 3.5 feet

• Soils that contain carbonates beginning at a depth of

less than 20 inches or more than 40 inches

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of more

than 18 inches

• Soils that are only moderately eroded

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Raub soils on

summits and footslopes

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Parr Soil

Parent material: Till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 8.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 0.5 to

2.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 2.0 to 3.5 feet (February through April)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer is mostly

subsoil material.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: High

Hazard of water erosion: Moderate

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 4e

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Pella Series

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Outwash plains and lake plains

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying outwash

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Pella silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an

elevation of 658 feet; 190 feet north and 2,225 feet

west of the southeast corner of sec. 14, T. 27 N., R. 9

E., in Ford County, Illinois; USGS Piper City

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 48 minutes 25

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 09 minutes 14

seconds W., NAD 27:
62 Soil Survey of

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (N 2.5/0) silty clay loam, dark

gray (N 4/0) dry; moderate very fine and fine

granular structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

A—7 to 12 inches; black (N 2.5/0) silty clay loam, dark

gray (N 4/0) dry; moderate fine and very fine

granular structure; friable; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bg1—12 to 20 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; weak fine and medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate fine and very fine

angular blocky; friable; few fine distinct light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bg2—20 to 27 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; weak fine and medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate fine and medium

angular blocky; friable; common medium distinct

light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bg3—27 to 33 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) silty clay loam;

weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium angular blocky; friable; thin

discontinuous very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

krotovina; many medium prominent light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/4) and common fine prominent dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

2BCg—33 to 42 inches; gray (5Y 6/1) silt loam with a

high sand content; weak medium prismatic

structure; friable; moderate medium prominent

light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline;

gradual wavy boundary.

2Cg—42 to 60 inches; gray (5Y 6/1), stratified silt

loam, loam, and sandy loam; massive; friable;

many medium prominent light olive brown (2.5Y

5/4) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 22 inches

Thickness of loess or other silty material: 20 to 40

inches

Depth to carbonates: 16 to 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 30 to 50 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Content of gravel—1 to 10 percent

2Bg or 2BCg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—silt loam, loam, silty clay loam, or clay

loam

2Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—5 or 6

Chroma—1 to 8

Texture—silt loam, loam, sandy loam, or clay loam

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

153A—Pella silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains and outwash plains

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Pella and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain carbonates beginning at a depth of

more than 40 inches

• Soils that contain more clay in the subsoil than the

Pella soil

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

less than 20 inches or more than 40 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained La Hogue and

Ridgeville soils on summits and footslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Pella Soil

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying outwash

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate
Ford County, Illinois 63

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate or

moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 12 inches to a depth of

60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 5 to 6

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Apparent seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): At the surface to 1 foot below the surface

(January through May)

Ponding: 0.5 foot above the surface during wet periods

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Negligible

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: High for steel and low for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Negligible

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Hydric

Penfield Series

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Outwash plains and ground moraines

Parent material: Outwash

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Penfield loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes; at an elevation of

685 feet; 910 feet south and 465 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 30, T. 20 N., R. 14 W., in

Champaign County, Illinois; USGS Royal topographic

quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 10 minutes 06 seconds N.

and long. 87 degrees 58 minutes 50 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; moderate fine

granular structure; friable; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt1—10 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure

parting to moderate very fine subangular blocky;

friable; common distinct very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—14 to 20 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure

parting to moderate very fine angular blocky; firm;

many distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay

films on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt3—20 to 31 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay

loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm;

many distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay

films on faces of peds; 5 percent fine gravel;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt4—31 to 44 inches; 80 percent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) sandy clay loam and 20 percent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sandy loam;

moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to

weak coarse angular blocky; friable; common

distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organo-clay films

on faces of peds; 5 percent fine gravel; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt5—44 to 51 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

sandy clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure

parting to weak coarse angular blocky; friable;

common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organoclay films on faces of peds; common medium

black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide nodules throughout; common

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

common medium distinct light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

Btg—51 to 61 inches; 60 percent light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) and 40 percent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) sandy clay loam; weak coarse prismatic

structure parting to weak coarse angular blocky;

friable; common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

organo-clay films along root channels and pores;

common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

clay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

BCt—61 to 72 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6),

stratified fine sandy loam and sandy clay loam;

weak coarse angular blocky structure; friable;

common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

organo-clay films along root channels and pores;

common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

clay films on faces of peds; common medium faint

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common medium

prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron
64 Soil Survey of

depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

C—72 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4 and

5/6) fine sandy loam; massive; very friable;

neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Depth to carbonates: 35 to more than 80 inches

Thickness of the solum: 35 to more than 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—loam

Bt or Btg horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—clay loam, loam, silt loam, sandy loam,

or silty clay loam

BCt or BC horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam,

sandy clay loam, or clay loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—stratified loam, silt loam, very fine sandy

loam, sandy loam, loamy sand, and fine sand

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

687B—Penfield loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and outwash plains

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Penfield and similar soils: 95 percent

Dissimilar soils: 5 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have a thinner surface layer than that of

the Penfield soil

• Soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 6 feet

• Soils that contain less sand and more silt in the

upper one-half of the profile than the Penfield soil

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained La Hogue soils on

summits and footslopes

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Penfield Soil

Parent material: Outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate or

moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.7 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to 5

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Apparent seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 3.5 to 6.0 feet (February through April)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: Moderate for steel and concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Low

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Peotone Series

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Landform: Ground moraines

Parent material: Colluvium

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic

Cumulic Vertic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an

elevation of 707 feet; 315 feet south and 2,233 feet

east of the northwest corner of sec. 21, T. 29 N., R. 9

E., in Ford County, Illinois; USGS Cabery topographic

quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 58 minutes 49 seconds N.
Ford County, Illinois 65

and long. 88 degrees 12 minutes 00 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (N 2.5/0) silty clay loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; common very fine roots; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

A—7 to 13 inches; black (N 2.5/0) silty clay loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine granular structure;

friable; common very fine roots; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

Bg1—13 to 27 inches; black (N 2.5/0) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium

angular blocky structure; friable; common very fine

roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg2—27 to 41 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay;

moderate fine prismatic structure; firm; common

very fine roots; few fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; common fine faint dark grayish brown

(10YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bg3—41 to 50 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay;

moderate medium prismatic structure; firm; few

very fine roots; common fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; common medium faint dark grayish

brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg—50 to 60 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay

loam; massive; firm; few fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; few fine faint dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 24 to 36 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 28 inches

Thickness of the solum: 38 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay loam

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

330A—Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Peotone and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are lighter colored in the upper one-half of

the subsoil than the Peotone soil

• Soils that contain less clay in the subsurface layer

and subsoil than the Peotone soil

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Elliott soils on

summits and footslopes

• The very poorly drained, organic Houghton soils on

toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Peotone Soil

Parent material: Colluvium

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.6 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 5 to 7

percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Apparent seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): At the surface to 1 foot below the surface

(January through June)

Ponding: 0.5 foot above the surface during wet periods

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Negligible

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderate

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w
66 Soil Survey of

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Hydric

865—Pits, gravel

General Description

• This map unit consists of nearly level and gently

sloping areas from which gravel has been extracted.

The pits have nearly vertical sidewalls. Some pits are

active, and others have been abandoned. Some

contain water.

Map Unit Composition

Pits, gravel: 92 percent

Dissimilar components: 8 percent

Minor Components

Dissimilar components:

• The well drained, loamy Orthents on summits and

backslopes

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

Proctor Series

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Parent material: Loess and the underlying outwash

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls

Taxadjunct features: The Proctor soil in map unit

148B2 has a thinner mollic epipedon than is

defined as the range for the series. This soil is

classified as a fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic

Mollic Hapludalf.

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes; at an elevation

of 705 feet; 204 feet north and 2,460 feet west of the

southeast corner of sec. 3, T. 11 N., R. 6 E., in Peoria

County, Illinois; USGS Princeville topographic

quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 57 minutes 37 seconds N.

and long. 89 degrees 48 minutes 07 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine

granular structure; friable; common very fine roots;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

A—8 to 11 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate

fine granular structure; friable; common very fine

roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—11 to 16 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate very fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots;

common distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—16 to 23 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate very fine and fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; common very

fine roots; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay

films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt3—23 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine roots; many

distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt4—28 to 33 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; common faint

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on

faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt5—33 to 46 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6),

stratified loam and sandy loam; weak coarse

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few very

fine roots; common faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay

films on faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

2C—46 to 60 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6),

stratified sandy loam and loamy sand; massive;

very friable; slightly acid.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of the loess: 20 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 40 inches

Thickness of the solum: 40 to more than 65 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt or 2BC horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR
Ford County, Illinois 67

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—clay loam, loam, silt loam, or sandy loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—stratified sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or

loamy sand

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

148B—Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Backslopes and summits

Map Unit Composition

Proctor and similar soils: 87 percent

Dissimilar soils: 13 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that do not have a subsurface layer

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

less than 20 inches

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table at a

depth of less than 6 feet

• Soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

• The somewhat poorly drained Brenton soils on

summits and footslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Proctor Soil

Parent material: Loess and the underlying outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate or

moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10 inches to a depth of

60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to 4

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: Moderate for steel and concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Low

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

148B2—Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Backslopes and summits

Map Unit Composition

Proctor and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are only slightly eroded

• Soils that contain outwash beginning at a depth of

less than 20 inches

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table at a

depth of less than 6 feet

• Soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

• The somewhat poorly drained Brenton soils on

summits and footslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Proctor Soil

Parent material: Loess and the underlying outwash

Drainage class: Well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate or

moderately rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.1 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to 4

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: Moderate for steel and concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Low
68 Soil Survey of

Hazard of water erosion: Moderate

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Rantoul Series

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Permeability: Very slow

Landform: Ground moraines and lake plains

Parent material: Colluvium

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic

Cumulic Vertic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Rantoul silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an elevation

of 653 feet; 111 feet south and 1,612 feet east of the

northwest corner of sec. 29, T. 30 N., R. 7 E., in

Livingston County, Illinois; USGS Dwight topographic

quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 02 minutes 58 seconds N.

and long. 88 degrees 27 minutes 03 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (N 2.5/0) silty clay, dark gray

(10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine granular structure;

firm; few very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—8 to 17 inches; black (N 2.5/0) silty clay, dark gray

(10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium granular

structure; firm; few very fine roots; few fine very

dark brown (7.5YR 2/2) very weakly cemented

iron and manganese oxide nodules throughout;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg1—17 to 26 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; strong medium prismatic

structure parting to strong fine and medium

subangular blocky; firm; few very fine roots; many

distinct black (N 2.5/0) organic coatings on faces

of peds; few fine very dark brown (7.5YR 2/2) very

weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

nodules throughout; few coarse prominent olive

(5Y 4/3) and common fine prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in

the matrix; 2 percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

Bg2—26 to 31 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay;

strong medium prismatic structure parting to

strong medium subangular blocky; firm; few very

fine roots; many distinct very dark gray (5Y 3/1)

organic coatings on faces of peds; few fine very

dark brown (7.5YR 2/2) very weakly cemented

iron and manganese oxide nodules throughout;

common fine and medium prominent light olive

brown (2.5Y 5/6) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 2

percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg3—31 to 40 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay; strong

medium prismatic structure parting to strong

medium angular blocky; firm; few very fine roots;

common distinct discontinuous dark gray (5Y 4/1)

slickensides on faces of peds; few fine very dark

brown (7.5YR 2/2) very weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide nodules throughout; few fine

prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; 2 percent gravel;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bg4—40 to 47 inches; 60 percent gray (5Y 5/1) and 40

percent dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay; moderate

medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium and coarse angular blocky;

firm; few very fine roots; common faint

discontinuous dark gray (5Y 4/1) slickensides on

faces of peds; few fine very dark brown (7.5YR

2/2) very weakly cemented iron and manganese

oxide nodules throughout; common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; 3 percent gravel;

slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

BCg—47 to 60 inches; 75 percent gray (5Y 5/1) and

25 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay;

weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak

coarse angular blocky; very firm; common faint

dark gray (5Y 4/1) slickensides on vertical faces of

peds; few fine very dark brown (7.5YR 2/2) very

weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide

nodules throughout; 3 percent gravel; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 24 to 36 inches

Depth to carbonates: 34 to 60 inches

Thickness of the solum: 36 to 70 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 to 1

Texture—silty clay

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 5

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay or clay
Ford County, Illinois 69

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—silty clay, silty clay loam, or clay

238A—Rantoul silty clay, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and lake plains

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Rantoul and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that are lighter colored in the upper part of the

subsoil than the Rantoul soil

• Soils that contain less clay in the subsoil than the

Rantoul soil

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Clarence soils on

summits and footslopes

• The very poorly drained, organic Houghton soils on

toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Rantoul Soil

Parent material: Colluvium

Drainage class: Very poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Very

slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Very slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 8.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4 to 7

percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Apparent seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): At the surface to 1 foot below the surface

(January through June)

Ponding: 0.5 foot above the surface during wet periods

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: None

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: High for steel and low for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Negligible

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderate

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3w

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Hydric

Raub Series

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Parent material: Loess and the underlying till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Raub silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an elevation

of about 680 feet; about 2,550 feet north and 1,690

feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 19, T. 20 N.,

R. 14 W., in Champaign County, Illinois; USGS Royal

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 10 minutes 40

seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 59 minutes 18

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine and very fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

A—10 to 18 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—18 to 22 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; few distinct very dark gray (10YR

3/1) organo-clay films lining pores; many distinct

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of

peds; few fine distinct and prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; moderately acid;

abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt2—22 to 32 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay loam; strong fine and medium angular blocky

structure; firm; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3)

clay films on faces of peds; few fine rounded black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide nodules throughout; common

fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine distinct

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and few fine faint

brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in the matrix;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
70 Soil Survey of

2Bt3—32 to 40 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; common distinct black (10YR 2/1)

organo-clay films lining root channels; many

medium irregular black (7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide nodules

throughout; many fine distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; few coarse prominent light olive gray (5Y

6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent fine

gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2BC—40 to 50 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

clay loam; weak medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; firm; common fine irregular black

(7.5YR 2.5/1) very weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide nodules throughout; many

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; many

medium distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in

the matrix; 2 percent fine gravel; slightly

effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth

boundary.

2C—50 to 60 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and

gray (5Y 6/1) loam; massive; firm; common fine

distinct and prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 5

percent fine gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 18 inches

Thickness of the loess: 22 to 40 inches

Depth to carbonates: 40 to 65 inches

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 70 inches

Ap and A horizons:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

2Bt or 2BC horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—clay loam, loam, or silt loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

2C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 4

Texture—loam, clay loam, or silt loam

Content of gravel—3 to 10 percent

481A—Raub silt loam, 0 to 2 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Footslopes and summits

Map Unit Composition

Raub and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have slopes of more than 2 percent

• Soils that contain carbonates beginning at a depth of

less than 40 inches

• Soils that do not have a subsurface layer and have a

thinner surface layer than that of the Raub soil

• Soils that contain till at a depth of less than 22

inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Drummer soils on toeslopes

• The moderately well drained, sloping Parr soils on

backslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Raub Soil

Parent material: Loess and the underlying till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to 4

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 1 to 2 feet (January through May)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Low

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight
Ford County, Illinois 71

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 1

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Ridgeville Series

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part, rapid in the

lower part

Landform: Beach ridges and outwash plains

Parent material: Eolian deposits and/or outwash

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Coarse-loamy, mixed,

superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Ridgeville fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an

elevation of 653 feet; 2,084 feet south and 30 feet east

of the northwest corner of sec. 19, T. 26 N., R. 12 W.,

in Iroquois County, Illinois; USGS Woodworth

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 43 minutes 24

seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 45 minutes 54

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) fine

sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

weak fine and medium granular structure; very

friable; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

A—8 to 16 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine

sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

weak fine and medium granular structure; very

friable; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

BA—16 to 25 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

fine sandy loam; weak medium granular structure

in the upper 4 inches grading to weak very fine

and fine subangular blocky in the lower part;

friable; common fine faint brown (10YR 5/3)

masses of iron accumulation and dark gray (10YR

4/1) iron depletions in the matrix; moderately acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—25 to 32 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy

clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; few distinct gray (10YR 5/1)

clay films on faces of peds; few fine dark brown

(7.5YR 3/2) iron and manganese oxide

concretions throughout; many fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; moderately acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt2—32 to 40 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine

sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common distinct gray (10YR 5/1)

clay films on faces of peds; many fine dark brown

(7.5YR 3/2) iron and manganese oxide

concretions throughout; many medium prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; slightly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

BC—40 to 47 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

loamy fine sand; weak moderate subangular

blocky structure; very friable; few fine dark brown

(7.5YR 3/2) iron and manganese oxide

concretions throughout; many medium prominent

light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in

the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Cg—47 to 60 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2)

fine sand; single grain; loose; common fine

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 18 inches

Thickness of the solum: 35 to 55 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—fine sandy loam or loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 4

Texture—sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or

fine sandy loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—2 to 8

Texture—fine sand, sand, loamy sand, or fine

sandy loam

Content of gravel—less than 7 percent

151A—Ridgeville fine sandy loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and beach ridges

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Ridgeville and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent
72 Soil Survey of

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have slopes of more than 2 percent

• Soils that do not have a subsurface layer

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 2 feet

• Soils that contain more clay in the subsoil than the

Ridgeville soil

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Selma soils on toeslopes

• The well drained Onarga soils on summits and

backslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Ridgeville Soil

Parent material: Eolian deposits and/or outwash

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 8.6 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to 4

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Low

Apparent seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 1 to 2 feet (January through May)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: Moderate for steel and concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Negligible

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderately high

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2s

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Rowe Series

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Very slow

Landform: Ground moraines and lake plains

Parent material: Colluvium or lacustrine deposits and

the underlying till

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, mixed, superactive,

mesic Vertic Argiaquolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Rowe silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an

elevation of 790 feet; 149 feet north and 432 feet west

of the southeast corner of sec. 31, T. 24 N., R. 10 E., in

Iroquois County, Illinois; USGS Paxton topographic

quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 29 minutes 18 seconds N.

and long. 88 degrees 05 minutes 59 seconds W., NAD

27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

moderate fine granular structure; friable; very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—7 to 14 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry;

weak medium and fine subangular blocky

structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable;

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on

faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Btg1—14 to 20 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay; moderate medium and fine subangular

blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; many

distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films and very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; many fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Btg2—20 to 29 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay;

moderate coarse and medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium and fine angular

blocky; firm; few fine roots; common very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of

peds; many distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

clay films on faces of peds; common distinct dark

gray (10YR 4/1) slickensides on faces of peds;

common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/8) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

2Btg3—29 to 40 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay; moderate coarse and medium prismatic

structure parting to moderate medium angular

blocky; firm; few fine roots; few very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) organic coatings along root channels;

many distinct dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay

films on faces of peds; common distinct dark

grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) slickensides on faces of

peds; common fine prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6 and 5/8) masses of iron accumulation

in the matrix; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

2BCg—40 to 48 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty
Ford County, Illinois 73

clay; moderate coarse and medium prismatic

structure; very firm; common faint dark grayish

brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay films on faces of peds;

common fine white (10YR 8/1) soft masses of

calcium carbonate throughout; many medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

common fine faint gray (5Y 5/1) iron depletions in

the matrix; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

gradual wavy boundary.

2Cg—48 to 63 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6),

gray (5Y 5/1), and dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

silty clay; massive; very firm; few fine very dark

brown (10YR 2/2) very weakly cemented iron and

manganese oxide nodules throughout; common

fine white (10YR 8/1) soft masses of calcium

carbonate throughout; slightly effervescent;

moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Depth to carbonates: 25 to 55 inches

Thickness of the solum: 30 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

2Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 4

Texture—silty clay or clay

2Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—silty clay or clay

230A—Rowe silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Lake plains and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Rowe and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain less clay in the subsoil than the

Rowe soil

• Soils that are darker in the upper one-half of the

subsoil than the Rowe soil

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained Clarence soils on

summits and footslopes

• The very poorly drained Rantoul soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Rowe Soil

Parent material: Colluvium or lacustrine deposits and

the underlying till

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Very

slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Very slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 6.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to 5

percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Apparent seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): At the surface to 1 foot below the surface

(January through May)

Ponding: 0.5 foot above the surface during wet

periods

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Negligible

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Medium

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderate

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3w

Prime farmland status: Not prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Hydric

Rutland Series

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Moderately slow in the upper part, very

slow in the lower part

Landform: Ground moraines and lake plains

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till or lacustrine deposits

Slope range: 0 to 5 percent
74 Soil Survey of

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic

Aquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Rutland silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an

elevation of 730 feet; 168 feet north and 480 feet east

of the southwest corner of sec. 34, T. 28 N., R. 2 E., in

Woodford County, Illinois; USGS Flanagan SW

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 50 minutes 23

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 59 minutes 10

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; weak

very fine granular structure; friable; common fine

roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A—8 to 14 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; moderate

fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots;

moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—14 to 20 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay;

strong fine subangular blocky structure; friable;

common fine roots; many distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings and

common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; few fine faint grayish

brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2—20 to 28 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay

loam; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to

strong fine subangular blocky; firm; common fine

roots; many distinct dark grayish brown (10YR

4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common fine distinct

grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the

matrix; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt3—28 to 36 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay

loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky;

firm; few very fine roots; common distinct dark

grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of

peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

common fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; slightly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

Bt4—36 to 44 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and

light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam; moderate

medium and coarse prismatic structure; firm; few

very fine roots; many distinct grayish brown (2.5Y

5/2) clay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear

wavy boundary.

2Bk—44 to 52 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay;

moderate coarse prismatic structure; very firm;

many distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2)

calcium carbonate coatings along vertical faces of

peds; common medium light gray (10YR 7/2) soft

masses of calcium carbonate throughout; 1

percent fine gravel; strongly effervescent;

moderately alkaline; diffuse wavy boundary.

2Cd—52 to 60 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) clay;

massive; very firm; many distinct light brownish

gray (2.5Y 6/2) calcium carbonate coatings along

vertical cleavage planes; 1 percent fine gravel;

violently effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Thickness of loess or other silty material: 35 to 55

inches

Depth to carbonates: 30 to 50 inches

Thickness of the solum: 40 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

2Bt, 2BC, or 2Bk horizon:

Hue—10YR to 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—silty clay or clay

2Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR to 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—silty clay or clay

375A—Rutland silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and lake plains

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Rutland and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent
Ford County, Illinois 75

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain less clay in the subsoil than the

Rutland soil

• Soils that have slopes of more than 2 percent

• Soils that contain till or lacustrine deposits at a depth

of less than 35 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Bryce soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Rutland Soil

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till or lacustrine deposits

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Very slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to dense

material

Available water capacity: About 10.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to 5

percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 1 to 2 feet (January through May)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for

concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Medium

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

375B—Rutland silty clay loam, 2 to 5

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and lake plains

Position on the landform: Backslopes and footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Rutland and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain less clay in the subsoil than the

Rutland soil

• Soils that have a thinner subsurface layer than that

of the Rutland soil

• Soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent

• Soils that contain till or lacustrine deposits at a depth

of less than 35 inches

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of more than 2 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Bryce soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Rutland Soil

Parent material: Loess or other silty material and the

underlying till or lacustrine deposits

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Very slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 40 to 60 inches to dense

material

Available water capacity: About 9.6 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to 5

percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 1 to 2 feet (January through May)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: High

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Sawmill Series

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Flood plains

Parent material: Alluvium

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-silty, mixed,

superactive, mesic Cumulic Endoaquolls
76 Soil Survey of

Typical Pedon for MLRA 108

Sawmill silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes,

frequently flooded; at an elevation of 535 feet; 300 feet

south and 750 feet east of the northwest corner of sec.

20, T. 15 N., R. 4 W., in Sangamon County, Illinois;

USGS New City topographic quadrangle; lat. 39

degrees 44 minutes 34 seconds N. and long. 89

degrees 34 minutes 15 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) and

very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay

loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine subangular

blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few

subrounded pebbles 1 to 3 mm in diameter;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

A1—10 to 17 inches; black (10YR 2/1) and very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine subangular

blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few

subrounded pebbles 1 to 3 mm in diameter; few

fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented

iron and manganese oxide concretions with

diffuse boundaries lining root channels and pores;

few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

A2—17 to 25 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine and

medium angular blocky structure; firm; few fine

roots; few fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions

with diffuse boundaries lining root channels and

pores; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

neutral; clear smooth boundary.

AB—25 to 32 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty

clay loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak medium

prismatic structure parting to moderate fine

subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots; few fine

rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented

iron and manganese oxide concretions with

diffuse boundaries lining root channels and pores;

few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

Bg—32 to 40 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay

loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate fine and medium angular blocky; firm;

common faint discontinuous very dark gray (10YR

3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; few fine

roots; few fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide concretions

with diffuse boundaries lining root channels and

pores; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Btg1—40 to 49 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure

parting to weak medium angular blocky; firm;

common distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films

on faces of peds; few fine rounded black (7.5YR

2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and manganese

accumulations with diffuse boundaries lining root

channels and pores; few fine prominent strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) and common fine distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

Btg2—49 to 58 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure;

firm; thin continuous gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on

faces of peds; few fine rounded black (7.5YR

2.5/1) weakly cemented iron and manganese

oxide accumulations with diffuse boundaries lining

pores; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg—58 to 65 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty

clay loam; massive; firm; very dark gray (10YR

3/1) channel linings and fillings; many medium

prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of

iron accumulation lining pores; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 24 to 36 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 48 inches

Thickness of the solum: 36 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Bg or Btg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, loam, or silt

loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, silt loam, or

loam
Ford County, Illinois 77

3107A—Sawmill silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes, frequently flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Map Unit Composition

Sawmill and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain more clay throughout than the

Sawmill soil

• Soils that contain more sand in the subsoil than the

Sawmill soil

• Soils that are subject to only occasional flooding

• Soils that are darker in the upper part of the subsoil

than the Sawmill soil

Dissimilar soils:

• Somewhat poorly drained, silty soils in the higher

positions

Properties and Qualities of the Sawmill Soil

Parent material: Alluvium

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderate

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 12.3 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4 to 5

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Apparent seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): At the surface to 1 foot below the surface

(January through May)

Ponding: 0.5 foot above the surface during wet

periods

Flooding is most likely (frequency, months): Frequent

(November through June)

Accelerated erosion: None

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: High for steel and low for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Negligible

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

and either protected from flooding or not

frequently flooded during the growing season

Hydric soil status: Hydric

Selma Series

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Moderate

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Parent material: Outwash

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Selma loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an elevation of

656 feet; 52 feet south and 160 feet west of the

northeast corner of sec. 18, T. 28 N., R. 10 E., in

Iroquois County, Illinois; USGS Piper City NE

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 54 minutes 35

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 06 minutes 43

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 6 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark gray

(10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine and medium granular

structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots;

neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

A—6 to 13 inches; black (10YR 2/1) clay loam, dark

gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; neutral;

gradual wavy boundary.

Btg1—13 to 19 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2)

clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; many

prominent very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) organo-clay

films on faces of peds and in pores; few fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; neutral; gradual wavy

boundary.

Btg2—19 to 28 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

moderate medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; friable;

common fine roots; many prominent dark gray

(2.5Y 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few fine light

olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) iron and manganese

nodules throughout; common medium distinct

olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; slightly alkaline;

gradual wavy boundary.

Btg3—28 to 39 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common fine roots; few distinct
78 Soil Survey of

dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) clay films on faces of peds;

black (N 2.5/0) krotovina from a depth of 30 inches

to a depth of 39 inches; few fine dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/6) iron and manganese nodules

throughout; few fine prominent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

BCtg—39 to 44 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) loam;

weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable;

few very fine roots; few faint dark gray (2.5Y 4/1)

clay films on faces of peds; few fine dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/6) iron and manganese nodules

throughout; few fine prominent light olive brown

(2.5Y 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline;

gradual wavy boundary.

Cg1—44 to 54 inches; 55 percent dark gray (2.5Y

4/1), 35 percent gray (2.5Y 5/1), and 10 percent

light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4), stratified sandy

loam and loamy sand; massive in the sandy loam

and single grain in the loamy sand; friable in the

sandy loam and loose in the loamy sand; few very

fine roots; very strongly effervescent; moderately

alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg2—54 to 80 inches; 45 percent dark gray (2.5Y

4/1), 45 percent gray (2.5Y 5/1), and 10 percent

light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6), stratified silt loam,

sandy loam, and loamy sand; massive in the silt

loam and sandy loam and single grain in the

loamy sand; friable; few very fine roots; strongly

effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 24 inches

Depth to carbonates: More than 30 inches

Thickness of the solum: 35 to 55 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—loam or clay loam

Bg, Btg, or BCg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y, or N

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—0 to 2

Texture—loam, clay loam, silt loam, or sandy loam

Content of gravel—less than 10 percent

Cg or C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—stratified sandy loam, loam, silt loam, or

loamy sand

Content of gravel—less than 15 percent

125A—Selma loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Outwash plains and stream terraces

Position on the landform: Toeslopes

Map Unit Composition

Selma and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain less sand and more silt in the

upper one-half of the profile than the Selma soil

• Soils that contain till in the lower part of the profile

• Soils that have a thicker dark surface soil than that

of the Selma soil and are darker in the upper part of

the subsoil

Dissimilar soils:

• The somewhat poorly drained La Hogue soils on

summits and footslopes

• The poorly drained, calcareous Harpster soils on

toeslopes

• The very poorly drained Houghton soils on

toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Selma Soil

Parent material: Outwash

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderate

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Moderately

rapid

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 10.4 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 4 to 6

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Apparent seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): At the surface to 1 foot below the surface

(January through May)

Ponding: 0.5 foot above the surface during wet periods

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Negligible

Potential for frost action: High

Corrosivity: High for steel and low for concrete
Ford County, Illinois 79

Potential for surface runoff: Negligible

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where drained

Hydric soil status: Hydric

Swygert Series

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Permeability: Slow in the upper part, very slow in the

lower part

Landform: Ground moraines and glacial lakes (relict)

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying lacustrine deposits

and till

Slope range: 0 to 4 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, mixed, active, mesic

Aquic Argiudolls

Taxadjunct features: The Swygert soil in map unit

91B2 has a thinner mollic epipedon than is defined

as the range for the series. This soil is classified

as a fine, mixed, active, mesic Aquollic Hapludalf.

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Swygert silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes; at an

elevation of 675 feet; 339 feet south and 66 feet east

of the northwest corner of sec. 7, T. 25 N., R. 13 W., in

Iroquois County, Illinois; USGS Onarga East

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 38 minutes 36

seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 53 minutes 02

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate very fine

granular structure; friable; many fine roots; slightly

acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

A—7 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay loam,

dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium angular

blocky structure parting to weak fine subangular

blocky; friable; many fine roots; common black (N

2.5/0) krotovinas; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt1—12 to 18 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silty clay, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate fine

subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine

roots; many distinct black (10YR 2/1) and very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films on faces of

peds; common fine black (10YR 2/1) iron and

manganese oxide concretions throughout;

common fine faint brown (10YR 4/3) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bt2—18 to 26 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay;

weak medium prismatic structure parting to

moderate medium subangular blocky; friable;

common fine roots; many distinct very dark

grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organo-clay films and

dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces

of peds; common fine prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and olive

gray (5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—26 to 31 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty

clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting

to weak medium and fine angular blocky; firm;

common fine roots; common distinct very dark

gray (10YR 3/1) organo-clay films in root

channels; common very dark gray (10YR 3/1)

krotovinas; common distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1)

and gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds;

common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

common fine prominent gray (5Y 5/1) iron

depletions in the matrix; slightly effervescent (7

percent calcium carbonate equivalent); moderately

alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

2Bt4—31 to 41 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting

to weak coarse angular blocky; very firm; few fine

roots; common prominent very dark gray (10YR

3/1) organo-clay films and gray (5Y 5/1) clay films

on faces of peds; common medium prominent

gray (5Y 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly

effervescent (16 percent calcium carbonate

equivalent); moderately alkaline; gradual smooth

boundary.

2Bt5—41 to 51 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay; weak coarse prismatic structure; very firm;

few fine roots; common distinct very dark gray (5Y

3/1) organo-clay films in root channels; many

distinct dark gray (5Y 4/1) clay films on faces of

peds; common fine black (10YR 2/1) iron and

manganese oxide concretions throughout; few fine

distinct olive (5Y 5/6) and few fine prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; common fine

prominent gray (5Y 5/1) iron depletions in the

matrix; strongly effervescent (18 percent calcium

carbonate equivalent); moderately alkaline;

gradual smooth boundary.

2Cd—51 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay;

massive; very firm; many distinct gray (5Y 6/1)

pressure faces; common fine black (10YR 2/1)

iron and manganese oxide concretions
80 Soil Survey of

throughout; few coarse prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6 and 5/8) masses of iron accumulation

in the matrix; strongly effervescent (19 percent

calcium carbonate equivalent); moderately

alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Depth to till: Less than 45 inches

Depth to carbonates: 20 to 50 inches

Thickness of the solum: 35 to 55 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silty clay loam

Bt or 2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—2 to 6

Texture—silty clay or clay

2Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—silty clay, silty clay loam, or clay

91A—Swygert silty clay loam, 0 to 2

percent slopes

Setting

Landform: Glacial lakes (relict) and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Summits and footslopes

Map Unit Composition

Swygert and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain less clay in the subsoil than the

Swygert soil

• Soils that have slopes of more than 2 percent

• Soils that have a thinner subsurface layer than that

of the Swygert soil

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Bryce soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Swygert Soil

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying lacustrine deposits

and till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Very slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 35 to 55 inches to dense

material

Available water capacity: About 6.4 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 3 to 5

percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 1 to 2 feet (January through May)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Medium

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

91B2—Swygert silty clay loam, 2 to 4

percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and glacial lakes (relict)

Position on the landform: Footslopes and backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Swygert and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain less clay in the subsoil than the

Swygert soil

• Soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent or more

than 4 percent

• Soils that are only slightly eroded

• Soils that contain carbonates at a depth of less than

20 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Bryce soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Swygert Soil

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty
Ford County, Illinois 81

material and the underlying lacustrine deposits

and till

Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Very slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 35 to 55 inches to dense

material

Available water capacity: About 6.2 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to 4

percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 1 to 2 feet (January through May)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and low for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: High

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Symerton Series

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part, slow in the

lower part

Landform: Ground moraines and lake plains

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying outwash and till or

lacustrine deposits

Slope range: 2 to 5 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine-loamy, mixed,

superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Symerton silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes; at an

elevation of 714 feet; 102 feet north and 1,806 feet

west of the southeast corner of sec. 33, T. 24 N., R. 12

W., in Iroquois County, Illinois; USGS Hoopeston

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 29 minutes 17

seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 42 minutes 43

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 10 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak very fine granular

structure; firm; slightly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

A—10 to 15 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt

loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry;

moderate very fine granular structure; friable;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

AB—15 to 19 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR

3/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

dry; moderate very fine granular structure; friable;

many distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic coatings

on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt1—19 to 25 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly clay

loam; moderate very fine subangular blocky

structure; firm; many distinct very dark gray (10YR

3/1) organo-clay films on faces of peds; common

fine black (10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented iron

and manganese oxide nodules throughout; about

18 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt2—25 to 31 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly clay

loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure;

firm; common distinct very dark grayish brown

(10YR 3/2) organo-clay films on faces of peds;

common fine black (10YR 2/1) very weakly

cemented iron and manganese oxide nodules

throughout; about 18 percent gravel; neutral; clear

smooth boundary.

2Bt3—31 to 35 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

gravelly loam; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; common distinct brown

(10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common

fine black (10YR 2/1) very weakly cemented iron

and manganese oxide nodules throughout; few

fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of

iron accumulation in the matrix; about 18 percent

gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

3Bt4—35 to 39 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak

medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium

subangular blocky; firm; few distinct brown (10YR

4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent

yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; slightly effervescent;

slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

3C—39 to 60 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and

light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) silt loam; massive;

firm; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/8)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine

prominent gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions in the

matrix; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 20 inches

Depth to till: 22 to 50 inches

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 55 inches
82 Soil Survey of

Thickness of the solum: 30 to 50 inches

Ap, A, or AB horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 to 3

Texture—silt loam or loam

2Bt horizon:

Hue—7.5YR or 10YR

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 to 6

Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay

loam, loam, or the gravelly analogs of these

textures

Content of gravel—less than 20 percent

3Bt or 3BC horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 or 5

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

3C horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silt loam

294B—Symerton silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and lake plains

Position on the landform: Summits and backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Symerton and similar soils: 96 percent

Dissimilar soils: 4 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain less sand and more clay in the

upper part of the subsoil than the Symerton soil

• Soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent or more

than 5 percent

• Soils that do not have a subsurface layer and have a

thinner surface layer than that of the Symerton soil

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table at a

depth of less than 2 feet or more than 3.5 feet

• Soils that contain till beginning at a depth of less

than 22 inches or more than 50 inches

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Ashkum soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Symerton Soil

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying outwash and till or

lacustrine deposits

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 7.9 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2.5 to

4.0 percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 2.0 to 3.5 feet (February through April)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: Slight

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Medium

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Varna Series

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow in the upper part, slow

in the lower part

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Slope range: 2 to 6 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, illitic, mesic

Oxyaquic Argiudolls

Taxadjunct features: The Varna soil in map unit

223C2 has a thinner mollic epipedon than is

defined as the range for the series. This soil is

classified as a fine, illitic, mesic Oxyaquic

Hapludalf.

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Varna silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes, eroded; at an

elevation of about 730 feet; 850 feet south and 150

feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 31, T. 29 N.,

R. 9 E., in Ford County, Illinois; USGS Cabery

topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 56 minutes 56
Ford County, Illinois 83

seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 14 minutes 43

seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 12 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt

loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; mixed with

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fragments of

subsoil material; moderate fine and medium

granular structure; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

2Bt1—12 to 18 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium

angular blocky structure; firm; many distinct brown

(10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

2Bt2—18 to 27 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty

clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting

to moderate medium angular blocky; firm;

common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on

faces of peds; common fine distinct light olive gray

(5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

2Bt3—27 to 39 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay

loam; moderate medium prismatic structure; firm;

common faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay films

on faces of peds; many medium distinct light olive

gray (5Y 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix;

common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

masses of iron accumulation in the matrix;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual

wavy boundary.

2Cd—39 to 60 inches; mottled light olive brown (2.5Y

5/4), light gray (5Y 6/1), and yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; massive; very firm;

common greenish gray (5GY 6/1) pressure faces;

strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 10 to 16 inches

Thickness of loess or other silty material: Less than 20

inches

Depth to carbonates: 24 to 42 inches

Thickness of the solum: 24 to 60 inches

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR

Value—2 or 3

Chroma—1 or 2

Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam

Bt or 2Bt horizon:

Hue—10YR or 2.5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—3 or 4

Texture—silty clay loam or silty clay

Cd or 2Cd horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—4 to 6

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, or clay loam

223B2—Varna silt loam, 2 to 4 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: Ground moraines and end moraines

Position on the landform: Backslopes and summits

Map Unit Composition

Varna and similar soils: 94 percent

Dissimilar soils: 6 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have slopes of less than 2 percent or more

than 4 percent

• Soils that contain less clay in the subsoil than the

Varna soil

• Soils that are only slightly eroded

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2 feet or more than

3.5 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Ashkum soils on toeslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Varna Soil

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 24 to 60 inches to dense

material

Available water capacity: About 8.4 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to 3

percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 2.0 to 3.5 feet (February through April)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and low for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Medium

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight
84 Soil Survey of

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 2e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

223C2—Varna silt loam, 4 to 6 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landform: End moraines and ground moraines

Position on the landform: Shoulders and backslopes

Map Unit Composition

Varna and similar soils: 90 percent

Dissimilar soils: 10 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that have slopes of less than 4 percent or more

than 6 percent

• Soils that contain less clay in the subsoil than the

Varna soil

• Soils that are severely eroded

• Soils that have a seasonal high water table

beginning at a depth of less than 2 feet or more than

3.5 feet

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Ashkum soils on toeslopes

• The somewhat poorly drained Elliott soils on

summits and footslopes

• The moderately well drained Chatsworth soils on

backslopes

Properties and Qualities of the Varna Soil

Parent material: Thin mantle of loess or other silty

material and the underlying till

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches:

Moderately slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature: 24 to 60 inches to dense

material

Available water capacity: About 8 inches to a depth of

60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 2 to 3

percent

Shrink-swell potential: Moderate

Perched seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): 2.0 to 3.5 feet (February through April)

Flooding: None

Accelerated erosion: The surface layer has been

thinned by erosion.

Potential for frost action: Moderate

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: High

Hazard of water erosion: Moderate

Hazard of wind erosion: Slight

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3e

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland

Hydric soil status: Not hydric

Zook Series

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Slow

Landform: Flood plains

Parent material: Alluvium

Slope range: 0 to 2 percent

Taxonomic classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic

Cumulic Vertic Endoaquolls

Typical Pedon for MLRA 110

Zook silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently

flooded; at an elevation of 668 feet; 1,622 feet south

and 96 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 5, T.

25 N., R. 10 E., in Iroquois County, Illinois; USGS

Onarga West topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees

40 minutes 22 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 06

minutes 09 seconds W., NAD 27:

Ap—0 to 7 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine and

medium granular structure; firm; many fine roots;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A1—7 to 12 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate medium

granular structure; firm; many fine roots; neutral;

clear smooth boundary.

A2—12 to 18 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay,

very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine

and medium subangular blocky structure; firm;

many fine roots; neutral; gradual smooth

boundary.

A3—18 to 27 inches; black (5Y 2.5/1) silty clay, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine

roots; many faint black (10YR 2/1) organic

coatings on faces of peds; few fine faint olive gray

(5Y 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly

alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bg1—27 to 33 inches; black (5Y 2.5/1) silty clay, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine and
Ford County, Illinois 85

medium prismatic structure parting to moderate

medium subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots;

many faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic

coatings on faces of peds; common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; slightly alkaline; clear

smooth boundary.

Bg2—33 to 39 inches; black (5Y 2.5/1) silty clay, very

dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate medium

prismatic structure; firm; many faint very dark gray

(10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds;

common fine faint olive gray (5Y 4/2) iron

depletions in the matrix; slightly alkaline; gradual

smooth boundary.

Bg3—39 to 48 inches; very dark gray (5Y 3/1) silty

clay, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine

prismatic structure parting to moderate medium

subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots; common

faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings

on faces of peds; common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron

accumulation in the matrix; slightly alkaline;

gradual smooth boundary.

Bg4—48 to 53 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay;

moderate fine prismatic structure; firm; many faint

dark gray (5Y 4/1) coatings on faces of peds;

common medium prominent yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the

matrix; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

Cg—53 to 60 inches; dark gray (5Y 4/1), olive gray (5Y

4/2), yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and strong

brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; massive; firm;

slightly alkaline.

Range in Characteristics

Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 36 to 60 inches

Depth to carbonates: 50 inches or more

Thickness of the solum: 36 inches or more

Ap or A horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or N

Value—2 to 3

Chroma—0 or 1

Texture—silty clay or silty clay loam

Bg horizon:

Hue—10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—2 to 5

Chroma—1

Texture—silty clay or silty clay loam

Cg horizon:

Hue—7.5YR, 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value—3 to 5

Chroma—1 to 6

Texture—silty clay loam, silty clay, or silt loam

3405A—Zook silty clay, 0 to 2 percent

slopes, frequently flooded

Setting

Landform: Flood plains

Map Unit Composition

Zook and similar soils: 92 percent

Dissimilar soils: 8 percent

Minor Components

Similar soils:

• Soils that contain less clay in the subsoil than the

Zook soil

• Soils that are lighter colored in the upper part of the

subsoil than the Zook soil and have a thinner

subsurface layer

• Soils that are subject to only occasional flooding

Dissimilar soils:

• The poorly drained Bryce soils on toeslopes of

adjacent landforms

• The somewhat poorly drained Swygert soils on

summits and footslopes of adjacent landforms

Properties and Qualities of the Zook Soil

Parent material: Alluvium

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Slowest permeability within a depth of 40 inches: Slow

Permeability below a depth of 60 inches: Slow

Depth to restrictive feature: More than 80 inches

Available water capacity: About 8.8 inches to a depth

of 60 inches

Content of organic matter in the surface layer: 5 to 7

percent

Shrink-swell potential: High

Apparent seasonal high water table is highest (depth,

months): At the surface to 1 foot below the surface

(January through May)

Ponding: 0.5 foot above the surface during wet periods

Flooding is most likely (frequency, months): Frequent

(November through June)

Potential for frost action: High

Accelerated erosion: Negligible

Corrosivity: High for steel and moderate for concrete

Potential for surface runoff: Negligible

Hazard of water erosion: Slight

Hazard of wind erosion: Moderate
86

Interpretive Groups

Land capability classification: 3w

Prime farmland status: Prime farmland where

drained and either protected from flooding or

not frequently flooded during the growing

season

Hydric soil status: Hydric
87

This soil survey is an inventory and evaluation of

the soils in the survey area. It can be used to adjust

land uses to the limitations and potentials of natural

resources and the environment. Also, it can help to

prevent soil-related failures in land uses.

In preparing a soil survey, soil scientists,

conservationists, engineers, and others collect

extensive field data about the nature and behavioral

characteristics of the soils. They collect data on

erosion, droughtiness, flooding, and other factors that

affect various soil uses and management. Field

experience and collected data on soil properties and

performance are used as a basis in predicting soil

behavior.

Information in this section can be used to plan the

use and management of soils for crops and pasture;

as forestland; as sites for buildings, sanitary facilities,

highways and other transportation systems, and parks

and other recreational facilities; and as wildlife habitat.

It can be used to identify the potentials and limitations

of each soil for specific land uses and to help prevent

construction failures caused by unfavorable soil

properties.

Planners and others using soil survey information

can evaluate the effect of specific land uses on

productivity and on the environment in all or part of the

survey area. The survey can help planners to maintain

or create a land use pattern in harmony with the

natural soil.

Contractors can use this survey to locate sources

of sand and gravel, roadfill, and topsoil. They can use

it to identify areas where bedrock, wetness, or very

firm soil layers can cause difficulty in excavation.

Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and

others may also find this survey useful. The survey

can help them plan the safe disposal of wastes and

locate sites for pavements, sidewalks, campgrounds,

playgrounds, lawns, and trees and shrubs.

Crops and Pasture

General management needed for crops and pasture

is suggested in this section. The estimated yields of

the main crops and pasture plants are listed, the

system of land capability classification used by the

Natural Resources Conservation Service is explained,

and prime farmland is described.

Planners of management systems for individual

fields or farms should consider the detailed

information given in the description of each soil under

the heading “Soil Series and Detailed Soil Map Units.”

Specific information can be obtained from the local

office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service

or the Cooperative Extension Service.

In 1997, Ford County had about 300,307 acres of

cropland (U.S Department of Commerce, 1997). About

5,038 acres was pasture, and 1,325 acres was

woodland. The major row crops are corn and

soybeans. Wheat is the major small grain crop grown.

Alfalfa is the major forage crop.

The soils in Ford County have good potential for

continued crop production, especially if the latest crop

production technology is applied. This soil survey can

be used as a guide for applying the latest crop

production technologies.

The major soil management concerns affecting

cropland in the county are water erosion, poor tilth,

crusting, wetness, ponding, restricted permeability,

and root-restrictive layers.

Erosion is a potential problem on approximately 20

percent of the cropland in the county. Erosion can be a

problem on soils that have slopes of more than 2

percent, such as Dana, Elliott, and Rutland soils. It is

also a hazard in less sloping areas if slopes are long

and runoff water is concentrated.

Loss of the surface layer through sheet and rill

erosion is damaging for several reasons. Soil

productivity is reduced as the surface soil is removed

and part of the subsoil is incorporated into the plow

layer. The subsoil generally has fewer plant nutrients

than the surface soil and has a lower content of

organic matter and a higher content of clay. As the

content of organic matter decreases and the content

of clay increases in the plow layer, soil tilth

deteriorates. Surface crusting and a reduced rate of

water infiltration are the results. Under these

conditions, preparing a good seedbed can be difficult.

Erosion also results in the sedimentation of streams,

rivers, road ditches, and lakes. This sedimentation

negatively affects the quality of water for agricultural,

Use and Management of the Soils
88 Soil Survey of

municipal, and recreational uses and for fish and

wildlife. Removing the sediment generally is expensive.

Controlling erosion helps to minimize this pollution and

improves water quality.

Erosion-control measures include both cultural and

structural practices. The most widely used practice in

the county is conservation tillage. Methods of

conservation tillage include chisel plowing, no-till

farming, and ridge planting. These systems can leave

from 20 to 90 percent of the surface covered with crop

residue. No-till is most effective on moderately well

drained and well drained soils, such as Dana and

Proctor soils. Another cultural practice is a crop

rotation that includes 1 or more years of close-growing

grasses or legumes. If slopes are smooth and uniform,

terraces (fig. 5) and contour farming are also effective

in controlling erosion.

Structural practices are needed in drainageways

where concentrated runoff flows overland. Establishing

grassed waterways or installing erosion-control

structures can help to control erosion.

Further information about erosion-control measures

suitable for each kind of soil is provided in the Field

Office Technical Guide, which is available in local

offices of the Natural Resources Conservation

Service.

Soil tilth is an important factor influencing the

germination of seeds, the amount of runoff, and the

rate of water infiltration. Soils that have good tilth are

granular and porous and have a high content of

organic matter.

Poor tilth is a problem on soils that have a surface

layer of silty clay loam or silty clay. Bryce and

Drummer soils are examples. If these soils are plowed

when wet, the surface layer becomes cloddy. This

cloddiness hinders the preparation of a good seedbed.

Tilling in the fall, leaving the soil surface rough, and

leaving moderate amounts of crop residue on the

surface generally result in good tilth in the spring

(fig. 6). A system of strip-till or ridge tillage can also

improve tilth on these soils.

Crusting can also be a problem in areas of Camden

Figure 5.—Parallel tile outlet terraces are effective in controlling sheet and gully erosion.
Ford County, Illinois 89

and Del Rey soils, which have a surface layer of silt

loam or loam that has a low content of organic matter.

Generally, the structure of these soils is weak, and a

crust forms on the surface during periods of intense

rainfall. This crust is hard when dry. It inhibits seedling

emergence, reduces the infiltration rate, and increases

runoff and erosion. Regular additions of crop residue,

manure, and other organic material improve soil

structure and minimize crusting.

Drainage systems have been installed in most

areas of poorly drained and somewhat poorly drained

soils used as cropland in the county. Therefore, these

soils are adequately drained for the crops commonly

grown. Measures that maintain the drainage system

are needed. Poorly drained soils, such as Pella and

Selma soils, have subsurface drainage. In addition, in

some areas of poorly drained soils, such as Bryce,

Rantoul, and Rowe soils, surface tile inlets or shallow

surface ditches are needed to remove excess water.

Some areas of somewhat poorly drained soils are wet

long enough that in some years productivity is

reduced, unless the soils are artificially drained.

Somewhat poorly drained soils, such as Elliott, Raub,

and Rutland soils, have subsurface drainage.

Restricted permeability can increase the hazard of

erosion. As water movement slows within a soil, the

runoff rate increases. The very slowly permeable

Clarence soils are more susceptible to erosion than

the moderately permeable Proctor soils. The effects of

restricted permeability on the erosion hazard can be

controlled by applying a cropping system that leaves

crop residue on the surface after planting,

incorporating green manure crops or crop residue into

the soil, and using conservation cropping systems.

Restricted permeability can also limit the

effectiveness of drainage systems. The slowly

permeable Elliott soils require a narrower tile spacing

than that in areas of the moderately permeable Raub

soils for effectively lowering the seasonal high water

table.

A root-restrictive layer in a soil limits the available

water capacity. Varna, Swygert, and Clarence soils are

moderately deep to layers that restrict the penetration

of plant roots. Increasing the rate of water infiltration,

reducing the runoff rate, or planting drought-tolerant

species can minimize the effect of this limitation.

Planting cover crops and using a system of

conservation tillage that leaves crop residue on the

surface after planting increase the rate of water

infiltration and reduce the runoff rate. Planting droughttolerant species, such as soybeans and winter wheat,

is beneficial because these crops make the most

efficient use of the limited amount of water.

Proper management is needed on hayland to

prolong the life of desirable forage species, maintain or

improve the quality and quantity of forage, and control

erosion and reduce runoff. Hay may last as a vigorous

crop for 4 to 5 years, depending on management and

on the varieties seeded. Suitable hay plants include

several legumes and cool-season grasses. Alfalfa is

the legume most commonly grown for hay. It is

typically used in mixtures with smooth bromegrass

and orchardgrass. Alfalfa is best suited to moderately

well drained soils, such as Dana and Parr soils. Red

clover is also grown for hay. Measures that maintain or

improve fertility are needed. The amount of lime and

fertilizer to be added should be based on the results of

soil tests, the needs of the plants, and the expected

level of yields. Seed varieties should be selected in

accordance with the soil properties and the drainage

conditions of the tract of land.

Overgrazing reduces the vigor of pasture plants

and reduces forage production. It also results in an

increase in the extent of weeds and brush. Deferred

grazing, rotation grazing, and proper stocking rates

help to prevent overgrazing. Deferred grazing allows

the plants in pastures that are not being used to build

up reserves of carbohydrates. Rotating grazing among

several pastures allows each area a rest period.

Many of the soils in the survey area have a high

water table in spring. Deferring grazing during wet

periods can minimize surface compaction. Pasture

renovation also helps to prevent compaction. Frost

heave can damage alfalfa and red clover in areas that

have a seasonal high water table. Leaving a cover of

Figure 6.—Strip-till corn planted in soybean residue in an area

of Drummer and Raub soils. Leaving crop residue on the

surface improves tilth in areas of these soils.
90 Soil Survey of

stubble 4 to 6 inches high during the winter and using

mixtures of grasses and legumes help to prevent frost

heave.

Cropland Management Considerations

The management concerns affecting the use of the

soils in the survey area for crops and pasture are

shown in table 6.

The main concerns in managing cropland are

controlling water erosion, soil wetness, and ponding;

minimizing crusting; improving poor tilth; and limiting

the effects of excessive or restricted permeability.

Generally, a combination of several practices is

needed to control water erosion. Conservation tillage,

stripcropping, contour farming, conservation cropping

systems, crop residue management, diversions, and

grassed waterways help to prevent excessive soil loss.

Wetness is a limitation in some areas of cropland,

and ponding is a hazard. Drainage systems consist of

subsurface tile drains, surface inlet tile, open drainage

ditches, or a combination of these. Measures that

maintain the drainage system are needed.

Practices that minimize crusting and improve poor

tilth include incorporating green manure crops,

manure, or crop residue into the soil and using a

system of conservation tillage. Avoiding tillage when

the soil is too wet can control surface cloddiness.

Restricted permeability can increase the hazard of

erosion and also limits the effectiveness of drainage

systems. Incorporating green manure crops, manure,

or crop residue into the soil, applying a system of

conservation tillage, and using conservation cropping

systems help to control erosion. Narrower tile spacing

can lower the seasonal high water table.

Excessive permeability can cause deep leaching of

nutrients and pesticides. Selecting appropriate

chemicals and using split application methods reduce

the hazard of ground-water contamination.

A root-restrictive layer in a soil limits the amount of

water available to plants. Planting cover crops and

using a system of conservation tillage that leaves crop

residue on the surface after planting increase the rate

of water infiltration and reduce the runoff rate. Also,

planting drought-tolerant crop species helps to

maximize the efficient use of the limited available

water supply.

Additional limitations and hazards are as follows:

Excess lime.—This limitation can be overcome by

incorporating green manure crops, manure, or crop

residue into the soil; applying a system of

conservation tillage; and using conservation cropping

systems. In addition, crops may respond well to

additions of phosphate fertilizer to soils that have a

high content of lime.

Flooding.—This hazard cannot be easily overcome.

Winter small grain crops can be damaged by flooding.

Tilling and planting should be delayed in the spring

until flooding is no longer a hazard. Dikes and

diversions can reduce the extent of the crop damage

caused by floodwater.

Low available water capacity.—This limitation can

be minimized by reducing the evaporation and runoff

rates and increasing the rate of water infiltration.

Applying conservation tillage and conservation

cropping systems, farming on the contour,

stripcropping, establishing field windbreaks, and

leaving crop residue on the surface conserve moisture.

Explanation of Criteria

Crusting.—The organic matter content is 2.5

percent or less, and the clay content is greater than 20

percent in the surface layer.

Excess lime.—A calcium carbonate equivalent of 15

percent or more is within 16 inches of the surface.

Excessive permeability.—Permeability is 6 inches

or more per hour within the soil profile.

Flooding.—The soil is subject to occasional or

frequent flooding.

Low available water capacity.—The weighted

average of the available water capacity between the

surface and a depth of 40 inches is 0.1 inch or less.

Ponding.—A seasonal high water table is above the

surface.

Poor tilth.—The clay content is 27 percent or more

in the surface layer.

Restricted permeability.—Permeability is less than

0.2 inch per hour between the surface and a depth of

40 inches.

Root-restrictive layer.—Dense material is within a

depth of 40 inches.

Water erosion.—The Kw factor of the surface layer

multiplied by the slope is more than 0.8, and the slope

is 3 percent or more.

Wetness.—The seasonal high water table is within

a depth of 1.5 feet.

Pastureland Management Considerations

Growing legumes and cool-season grasses that are

suited to the soils and climate in the survey area helps

to maintain a productive stand of pasture. The main

concerns affecting the management of pastureland in

the county are listed in table 6. They include frost

heave, water erosion, low pH, ponding, wetness,

equipment limitation, a root-restrictive layer, excess
Ford County, Illinois 91

lime, limited available water capacity, flooding, and low

fertility.

Frost heave is a limitation in areas of soils that have

a moderate or high potential for frost action. It occurs

when ice lenses or bands develop in the soil and drive

an ice wedge between two layers of soil near the

surface layer. The ice wedges heave the overlying soil

layer upward, snapping the roots. Soils that have a low

content of sand have small pores that hold water and

enable ice lenses to form. Selecting adapted forage

and hay varieties can reduce the effects of frost heave.

Timely deferment of grazing, which maintains a

surface cover that insulates the soil, also reduces the

effects of frost heave.

Soils that have low pH have a pH value of 5.5 or

less within 40 inches of the surface. Low pH inhibits

the uptake of certain nutrients by the plants or

accelerates the absorption of certain other elements to

the level of toxic concentrations. Either of these

conditions affects the health and vigor of plants.

Applications of lime should be based on the results of

soil tests. The goal is to achieve the optimum pH level

for the uptake of the major nutrients by the specific

grass, legume, or combination of grasses and

legumes.

Pastureland soils that are susceptible to water

erosion meet the following criteria: the value of the Kw

factor multiplied by the percent slope is more than 0.8,

and the slope is 3 percent or more. Water erosion

reduces the productivity of pastureland. It also results

in onsite and offsite sedimentation, causes water

pollution by sedimentation, and increases the runoff of

livestock manure and other added nutrients. Measures

that are effective in controlling water erosion include

establishing or renovating stands of legumes and

grasses. Controlling erosion during seedbed

preparation is a major concern. If the soil is tilled for

the reseeding of pasture or hay crops, planting winter

cover crops, establishing grassed waterways, farming

on the contour, and using a system of conservation

tillage that leaves crop residue on the surface can help

to minimize erosion. Overgrazing or grazing when the

soil is wet reduces the extent of plant cover and

results in surface compaction and poor tilth, and thus it

increases the susceptibility to erosion. Proper stocking

rates, rotation grazing, and timely deferment of

grazing, especially during wet periods, help to keep

the pasture in good condition. The proper location of

livestock watering facilities helps to prevent surface

compaction or the formation of ruts by making it

unnecessary for cattle to travel long distances up and

down the steeper slopes.

Wetness is a limitation in some areas, and ponding

is a hazard. Wetness occurs in areas where the

seasonal high water table is within a depth of 1.5 feet.

Ponding occurs when the seasonal high water table is

above the surface. A drainage system that consists of

subsurface tile drains, surface inlet tile, open drainage

ditches, or a combination of these can lower the water

table and remove excess water. Measures that

maintain the drainage system are needed. Selecting

species of grasses and legumes adapted to wet

conditions can improve forage production. Restricted

use during wet periods helps to keep the pasture in

good condition.

Equipment limitation is a concern in areas where

slopes are more than 10 percent. It can cause rapid

wear of equipment. It can also present problems with

fertilization, harvest, pasture renovation, and seedbed

preparation. This limitation cannot be easily overcome.

Frequent flooding can damage forage stands and

delay harvesting in some years. Dikes and diversions

help to control the extent of damage caused by

floodwater. Selecting species of grasses and legumes

adapted to wet conditions can improve forage

production. Restricted use during wet periods helps to

keep the pasture in good condition.

Limited available water capacity means that the

weighted average of the available water capacity

between the surface and a depth of 40 inches is 0.1

inch or less. Available water capacity refers to the

capacity of soils to hold water available for use by

most plants. The quality and quantity of the pasture

may be reduced if the pasture cannot support the

desired number of livestock because the available

water is inadequate for the maintenance of a healthy

community of desired pasture species. A poor quality

pasture may increase the hazard of water erosion and

increase the runoff of pollutants. Planting droughtresistant species of grasses and legumes helps to

establish a cover of vegetation. The plants should not

be clipped or grazed until they are sufficiently

established.

Soils that have a root-restrictive layer have a dense

layer of till within a depth of 40 inches. This dense

layer inhibits root penetration and restricts the amount

of water that is available to plants. Deep-rooted

perennial legumes and grasses make the most

efficient use of the limited amount of available

moisture. Selecting drought-tolerant species of

legumes and grasses can improve forage production.

Excess lime occurs in soils that have a calcium

carbonate equivalent of 15 percent or more within a

depth of 16 inches. The high pH level associated with

this condition can inhibit the uptake of certain nutrients

and micronutrients by the plants, or it can accelerate

the absorption of certain other elements to the level of

toxic concentrations. Either of these conditions affects
92 Soil Survey of

the health and vigor of the plants. Applications of

sulfate and phosphate compounds or additions of

certain forms of nitrogen fertilizer can lower the pH.

Selecting species of grasses and legumes that are

tolerant of a high pH level can improve forage

production.

Yields per Acre

The average yields per acre that can be expected

of the principal crops under a high level of

management are shown in table 7. In any given year,

yields may be higher or lower than those indicated in

the table because of variations in rainfall and other

climatic factors. The land capability classification of

map units in the survey area also is shown in the

table.

The yields are based mainly on the experience and

records of farmers, conservationists, and extension

agents (Fehrenbacher and others, 1978). Available

yield data from nearby counties and results of field

trials and demonstrations also are considered.

The management needed to obtain the indicated

yields of the various crops depends on the kind of soil

and the crop. Management can include drainage,

erosion control, and protection from flooding; the

proper planting and seeding rates; suitable highyielding crop varieties; appropriate and timely tillage;

control of weeds, plant diseases, and harmful insects;

favorable soil reaction and optimum levels of nitrogen,

phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements for each

crop; effective use of crop residue, barnyard manure,

and green manure crops; and harvesting that ensures

the smallest possible loss.

The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity

of each soil for each of the principal crops. Yields are

likely to increase as new production technology is

developed. The productivity of a given soil compared

with that of other soils, however, is not likely to

change.

Crops other than those shown in table 7 are grown

in the survey area, but estimated yields are not listed

because the acreage of such crops is small. The local

office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service

or of the Cooperative Extension Service can provide

information about the management and productivity of

the soils for those crops.

Pasture Yield Estimates

Under good management, proper grazing is

essential for the production of high-quality forage,

stand survival, and erosion control. Proper grazing

helps plants to maintain sufficient and generally

vigorous top growth during the growing season. Brush

control is essential in many areas, and weed control

generally is needed. Rotation grazing and renovation

also are important management practices.

Yield estimates are often provided in animal unit

months (AUM), or the amount of forage or feed

required to feed one animal unit (one cow, one horse,

one mule, five sheep, or five goats) for 30 days.

The local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or of the Cooperative Extension

Service can provide information about forage yields

other than those shown in the yields table.

Land Capability Classification

Land capability classification shows, in a general

way, the suitability of soils for most kinds of field crops.

Crops that require special management are excluded.

The soils are grouped according to their limitations for

field crops, the risk of damage if they are used for

crops, and the way they respond to management. The

criteria used in grouping the soils do not include major

and generally expensive landforming that would

change slope, depth, or other characteristics of the

soils, nor do they include possible but unlikely major

reclamation projects. Capability classification is not a

substitute for interpretations designed to show

suitability and limitations of groups of soils for

forestland or for engineering purposes.

In the capability system, soils are generally grouped

at three levels—capability class, subclass, and unit

(USDA, 1961). Only class and subclass are used in

this survey.

Capability classes, the broadest groups, are

designated by the numbers 1 through 8. The numbers

indicate progressively greater limitations and narrower

choices for practical use. The classes are defined as

follows:

Class 1 soils have slight limitations that restrict their

use.

Class 2 soils have moderate limitations that restrict

the choice of plants or that require moderate

conservation practices.

Class 3 soils have severe limitations that restrict the

choice of plants or that require special conservation

practices, or both.

Class 4 soils have very severe limitations that

restrict the choice of plants or that require very careful

management, or both.

Class 5 soils are subject to little or no erosion but

have other limitations, impractical to remove, that

restrict their use mainly to pasture, rangeland,

forestland, or wildlife habitat.
Ford County, Illinois 93

Class 6 soils have severe limitations that make

them generally unsuitable for cultivation and that

restrict their use mainly to pasture, rangeland,

forestland, or wildlife habitat.

Class 7 soils have very severe limitations that make

them unsuitable for cultivation and that restrict their

use mainly to grazing, forestland, or wildlife habitat.

Class 8 soils and miscellaneous areas have

limitations that preclude commercial plant production

and that restrict their use to recreational purposes,

wildlife habitat, watershed, or esthetic purposes.

Capability subclasses are soil groups within one

class. They are designated by adding a small letter, e,

w, s, or c, to the class numeral, for example, 2e. The

letter e shows that the main hazard is the risk of

erosion unless close-growing plant cover is

maintained; w shows that water in or on the soil

interferes with plant growth or cultivation (in some soils

the wetness can be partly corrected by artificial

drainage); s shows that the soil is limited mainly

because it is shallow, droughty, or stony; and c, used

in only some parts of the United States, shows that the

chief limitation is climate that is very cold or very dry.

In class 1 there are no subclasses because the

soils of this class have few limitations. Class 5

contains only the subclasses indicated by w, s, or c

because the soils in class 5 are subject to little or no

erosion. They have other limitations that restrict their

use to pasture, rangeland, forestland, wildlife habitat,

or recreation.

The capability classification of map units in this

survey area is given in the section “Soil Series and

Detailed Soil Map Units” and in the yields table.

Prime Farmland

Prime farmland is one of several kinds of important

farmland defined by the U.S. Department of

Agriculture. It is of major importance in meeting the

Nation’s short- and long-range needs for food and

fiber. Because the supply of high-quality farmland is

limited, the U.S. Department of Agriculture recognizes

that responsible levels of government, as well as

individuals, should encourage and facilitate the wise

use of our Nation’s prime farmland.

Prime farmland, as defined by the U.S. Department

of Agriculture, is land that has the best combination of

physical and chemical characteristics for producing

food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops and is

available for these uses. It could be cultivated land,

pastureland, forestland, or other land, but it is not

urban or built-up land or water areas. The soil qualities,

growing season, and moisture supply are those

needed for the soil to economically produce sustained

high yields of crops when proper management,

including water management, and acceptable farming

methods are applied. In general, prime farmland has

an adequate and dependable supply of moisture from

precipitation or irrigation, a favorable temperature and

growing season, acceptable acidity or alkalinity, an

acceptable salt and sodium content, and few or no

rocks. It is permeable to water and air. It is not

excessively erodible or saturated with water for long

periods, and it either is not frequently flooded during

the growing season or is protected from flooding.

Slope ranges mainly from 0 to 6 percent. More

detailed information about the criteria for prime

farmland is available at the local office of the Natural

Resources Conservation Service.

A recent trend in land use in some parts of the

survey area has been the loss of some prime farmland

to industrial and urban uses. The loss of prime

farmland to other uses puts pressure on marginal

lands, which generally are more erodible, droughty,

and less productive and cannot be easily cultivated.

About 282,500 acres, or nearly 90 percent of the

survey area, meets the requirements for prime

farmland. Areas of this land are throughout the county.

The map units in the survey area that are

considered prime farmland are listed in table 8. This

list does not constitute a recommendation for a

particular land use. On some soils included in the list,

measures that overcome a hazard or limitation, such

as flooding, wetness, and droughtiness, are needed.

Onsite evaluation is needed to determine whether or

not the hazard or limitation has been overcome by

corrective measures. The extent of each listed map

unit is shown in table 5. The location is shown on the

detailed soil maps. The soil qualities that affect use

and management are described under the heading

“Soil Series and Detailed Soil Map Units.”

Forestland

The forests of today are changing because of the

introduction of species from around the world. The

planting of trees for windbreaks, erosion control, and

ornamental value has impacted forestland. The

introduced species and the native pioneer species are

changing the composition of forestland.

In 1997, Ford County had about 1,325 acres of

forestland (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1997). The

forests in the county are esthetically pleasing, but they

also serve to protect and enhance watershed quality,

recreation, and wildlife habitat. The small amount of

forestland that still exists in the county could be greatly

improved if proper management measures were

applied. Assistance in establishing, improving, or
94 Soil Survey of

managing forestland is available from foresters or

natural resource specialists with various local, State,

and Federal agencies, including the Illinois

Department of Natural Resources, the Forest Service,

the Natural Resources Conservation Service, and the

local Soil and Water Conservation District.

Table 9 provides information regarding the

productivity of the soils in the county for forestland.

The potential productivity for merchantable or common

trees on a soil is expressed as a site index and as a

volume number. Only those soils suitable for wood

crops are listed.

The site index is the average height, in feet, that

dominant and codominant trees of a given species

attain in a specified number of years. The site index

applies to fully stocked, even-aged, unmanaged

stands.

The first species listed under common trees for a

soil is the indicator species for that soil. It generally is

the most common species on the soil. Commonly

grown trees are those that forest managers generally

favor in intermediate or improvement cuttings. They

are selected based on growth rate, quality, value, and

marketability. More detailed information is available in

the “National Forestry Manual,” which is available in

local offices of the Natural Resources Conservation

Service.

The volume of wood fiber, a number, is the yield

likely to be produced by the most important trees. This

number, expressed as cubic feet per acre per year

and calculated at the age of culmination of the mean

annual increment (CMAI), indicates the amount of

fiber produced in a fully stocked, even-aged,

unmanaged stand.

Trees to manage are those that are preferred for

planting, seeding, or natural regeneration and those

that remain in the stand after thinning or partial

harvest.

Windbreaks and Environmental

Plantings

Windbreaks protect livestock, buildings, yards, fruit

trees, gardens, and cropland from wind and snow

(fig. 7); help to keep snow on fields; and provide food

and cover for wildlife. Field windbreaks are narrow

plantings made at right angles to the prevailing wind

and at specific intervals across the field. The interval

depends on the erodibility of the soil.

Environmental plantings help to beautify and screen

houses and other buildings and to abate noise. The

plants, mostly evergreen shrubs and trees, are closely

spaced. To ensure plant survival, a healthy planting

stock of suitable species should be planted properly

on a well prepared site and maintained in good

condition.

Table 10 shows the height that locally grown trees

and shrubs are expected to reach in 20 years on

various soils. The estimates in table 10 are based on

measurements and observation of established

plantings that have been given adequate care. They

can be used as a guide in planning windbreaks and

screens. Additional information on planning

windbreaks and screens and planting and caring for

trees and shrubs can be obtained from the local office

of the Natural Resources Conservation Service or the

Cooperative Extension Service or from a commercial

nursery.

Recreation

The soils of the survey area are rated in table 11

according to limitations that affect their suitability for

recreation. The ratings are based on restrictive soil

features, such as wetness, slope, and texture of the

surface layer. Susceptibility to flooding is considered.

Not considered in the ratings, but important in

evaluating a site, are the location and accessibility of

the area, the size and shape of the area and its scenic

quality, vegetation, access to water, potential water

impoundment sites, and access to public sewer lines.

The capacity of the soil to absorb septic tank effluent

and the ability of the soil to support vegetation also are

important. Soils that are subject to flooding are limited

for recreational uses by the duration and intensity of

flooding and the season when flooding occurs. In

planning recreational facilities, onsite assessment of

the height, duration, intensity, and frequency of

flooding is essential.

In table 11, the degree of soil limitation is expressed

as slight, moderate, or severe. Slight means that soil

properties are generally favorable and that limitations

are minor and easily overcome. Moderate means that

limitations can be overcome or alleviated by planning,

design, or special maintenance. Severe means that

soil properties are unfavorable and that limitations can

be offset only by costly soil reclamation, special

design, intensive maintenance, limited use, or a

combination of these.

The information in table 11 can be supplemented by

other information in this survey, for example,

interpretations for septic tank absorption fields in table

15 and interpretations for dwellings without basements

and for local roads and streets in table 14.

Camp areas require site preparation, such as

shaping and leveling the tent and parking areas,

stabilizing roads and intensively used areas, and

installing sanitary facilities and utility lines. Camp
Ford County, Illinois 95

areas are subject to heavy foot traffic and some

vehicular traffic. The best soils have mild slopes and

are not wet or subject to flooding during the period of

use. The surface has few or no stones or boulders,

absorbs rainfall readily but remains firm, and is not

dusty when dry. Strong slopes and stones or boulders

can greatly increase the cost of constructing

campsites.

Picnic areas are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most

vehicular traffic is confined to access roads and

parking areas. The best soils for picnic areas are firm

when wet, are not dusty when dry, are not subject to

flooding during the period of use, and do not have

slopes or stones or boulders that increase the cost of

shaping sites or of building access roads and parking

areas.

Playgrounds require soils that can withstand

intensive foot traffic. The best soils are almost level

and are not wet or subject to flooding during the

season of use. The surface is free of stones and

boulders, is firm after rains, and is not dusty when dry.

If grading is needed, the depth of the soil over bedrock

or a hardpan should be considered.

Paths and trails for hiking and horseback riding

should require little or no cutting and filling. The best

soils are not wet, are firm after rains, are not dusty

when dry, and are not subject to flooding more than

once a year during the period of use. They have

moderate slopes and few or no stones or boulders on

the surface.

Golf fairways are subject to heavy foot traffic and

some light vehicular traffic. Cutting or filling may be

required. The best soils for use as golf fairways are

firm when wet, are not dusty when dry, and are not

subject to prolonged flooding during the period of use.

They have moderate slopes and no stones or boulders

on the surface. The suitability of the soil for tees or

greens is not considered in rating the soils.

Figure 7.—Farmstead windbreaks protect homes and livestock from wind and snow. They also enhance the appearance of the

farmstead and provide habitat for wildlife.
96 Soil Survey of

Wildlife Habitat

The topography of Ford County, which is primarily

the result of glacial action, provides habitats that

support a variety of wildlife species. The area was

originally covered by native prairie grasses and also

contained wet meadows, marshes, and areas of open

water.

As the county was settled, the conversion of land to

agricultural uses altered these natural communities

and affected the wildlife populations associated with

them. Ford County is now a mosaic of cropland,

farmsteads, urban areas, roads, wetlands, and

waterways and supports wildlife species that have

adapted to the human-altered landscapes. These

species include whitetail deer, mallards, pheasants,

squirrels, crows, cardinals, house sparrows, mourning

doves, raccoon, fox, and coyote.

In general, most of the land in the county is not

managed primarily for wildlife. Good land management

practices, however, can improve the value of an area

for wildlife. For example, farm practices that leave crop

residue on the fields during the fall and winter not only

help to control erosion but also provide winter cover

and food for some wildlife species. Leaving grassed

waterways, road ditches, fencelines, set-aside fields,

and vacant properties unmowed until early August

provides much-needed habitat for ground-nesting

wildlife species, such as rabbits, pheasants, and many

kinds of songbirds (fig. 8).

Many temporarily and seasonally flooded wetlands

have been impacted by land use practices.

Development and cultivation should be avoided in

these wetland areas. Buffer strips surrounding wetland

areas provide food and nesting cover for many wildlife

species and help to prevent the wetlands from filling in

with eroded sediment. Wetlands, streambanks, and

woodlots should be fenced so that livestock are

excluded. Fencing protects and maintains the native

plant communities that support wildlife species, helps

to control erosion, and improves water quality in

streams and rivers.

When attempts are made to restore or manage an

area for wildlife, it is important to understand the kinds

of soils on the site. For example, soils that have a

seasonal high water table will most likely support

vegetation that is tolerant of wet conditions and thus

attract wetland wildlife species. If the soil series is

characterized by wetness or hydric properties but the

area does not appear to be susceptible to wetness,

there may be an existing drainage ditch or a system of

subsurface tile drains. Areas that have been drained

can provide opportunities for the restoration of wetland

habitat as long as negative impacts on neighboring

properties are avoided.

Nonhydric soils in the uplands support communities

once dominated by prairie grass and oak savanna

habitats. These habitats can also be restored through

management that promotes or reestablishes the native

plant species while controlling or eliminating

competing exotic vegetation.

Assistance with wildlife habitat projects can be

obtained from various local, State, and Federal

agencies, including the Illinois Department of

Conservation, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the

Natural Resources Conservation Service, and the

local Soil and Water Conservation District.

Soils affect the kind and amount of vegetation that

is available to wildlife as food and cover. They also

affect the construction of water impoundments. The

kind and abundance of wildlife depend largely on the

amount and distribution of food, cover, and water.

Wildlife habitat can be created or improved by planting

appropriate vegetation, by maintaining the existing

plant cover, or by promoting the natural establishment

of desirable plants.

In table 12, the soils in the survey area are rated

according to their potential for providing habitat for

various kinds of wildlife. This information can be used

in planning parks, wildlife refuges, nature study areas,

and other developments for wildlife; in selecting soils

that are suitable for establishing, improving, or

maintaining specific elements of wildlife habitat; and in

determining the intensity of management needed for

each element of the habitat.

The potential of the soil is rated good, fair, poor, or

very poor. A rating of good indicates that the element

or kind of habitat is easily established, improved, or

maintained. Few or no limitations affect management,

and satisfactory results can be expected. A rating of

fair indicates that the element or kind of habitat can be

established, improved, or maintained in most places.

Moderately intensive management is required for

satisfactory results. A rating of poor indicates that

limitations are severe for the designated element or

kind of habitat. Habitat can be created, improved, or

maintained in most places, but management is difficult

and must be intensive. A rating of very poor indicates

that restrictions for the element or kind of habitat are

very severe and that unsatisfactory results can be

expected. Creating, improving, or maintaining habitat

is impractical or impossible.

The elements of wildlife habitat are described in the

following paragraphs.

Grain and seed crops are domestic grains and

seed-producing herbaceous plants. Soil properties
Ford County, Illinois 97

and features that affect the growth of grain and seed

crops are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface

layer, available water capacity, wetness, slope, surface

stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and soil

moisture also are considerations. Examples of grain

and seed crops are corn, wheat, oats, and barley.

Grasses and legumes are domestic perennial

grasses and herbaceous legumes. Soil properties and

features that affect the growth of grasses and legumes

are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface layer,

available water capacity, wetness, surface stoniness,

flooding, and slope. Soil temperature and soil moisture

also are considerations. Examples of grasses and

legumes are fescue, bromegrass, timothy,

orchardgrass, clover, alfalfa, trefoil, reed canarygrass,

and crownvetch.

Wild herbaceous plants are native or naturally

established grasses and forbs, including weeds. Soil

properties and features that affect the growth of these

plants are depth of the root zone, texture of the

surface layer, available water capacity, wetness,

surface stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and

soil moisture also are considerations. Examples of wild

herbaceous plants are bluestem, indiangrass,

goldenrod, lambsquarter, dandelions, ragweed,

smartweed, and nightshade.

Hardwood trees and woody understory produce

nuts or other fruit, buds, catkins, twigs, bark, and

foliage. Soil properties and features that affect the

growth of hardwood trees and shrubs are depth of the

root zone, available water capacity, and wetness.

Examples of these plants are oak, hickory, poplar,

birch, maple, green ash, willow, and American elm.

Examples of fruit-producing shrubs that are suitable

for planting on soils rated good are hawthorn,

honeysuckle, American plum, redosier dogwood,

chokecherry, hazelnut, serviceberry, and crabapple.

Coniferous plants furnish browse and seeds. Soil

properties and features that affect the growth of

coniferous trees, shrubs, and ground cover are depth

of the root zone, available water capacity, and

wetness. Examples of coniferous plants are pine,

spruce, fir, cedar, and juniper.

Wetland plants are annual and perennial wild

herbaceous plants that grow on moist or wet sites.

Submerged or floating aquatic plants are excluded.

Soil properties and features affecting wetland plants

are texture of the surface layer, wetness, reaction,

salinity, slope, and surface stoniness. Examples of

wetland plants are smartweed, wild millet, rushes,

sedges, reeds, wild rice, saltgrass, cordgrass, and

cattail.

Figure 8.—Leaving unmowed buffer strips along drainage ditches provides good habitat for openland wildlife.
98 Soil Survey of

Shallow water areas have an average depth of less

than 5 feet. Some are naturally wet areas. Others are

created by dams, levees, or other water-control

structures. Soil properties and features affecting

shallow water areas are depth to bedrock, wetness,

surface stoniness, slope, and permeability. Examples

of shallow water areas are muskrat marshes,

waterfowl feeding areas, wildlife watering

developments, beaver ponds, and other ponds.

The habitat for various kinds of wildlife is described

in the following paragraphs.

Habitat for openland wildlife consists of cropland,

pasture, meadows, and areas that are overgrown with

grasses, herbs, shrubs, and vines. These areas

produce grain and seed crops, grasses and legumes,

and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife attracted to these

areas include bobwhite quail, pheasant, meadowlark,

field sparrow, killdeer, cottontail rabbit, and red fox.

Habitat for woodland wildlife consists of areas of

deciduous and/or coniferous plants and associated

grasses, legumes, and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife

attracted to these areas include wild turkey, woodcock,

thrushes, woodpeckers, owls, squirrels, raccoon, and

deer.

Habitat for wetland wildlife consists of open, marshy

or swampy shallow water areas. Some of the wildlife

attracted to such areas are ducks, geese, herons,

shore birds, frogs, snakes, turtles, muskrat, and

beaver.

Hydric Soils

In this section, hydric soils are defined and

described and the hydric soils in the survey area are

listed.

The three essential characteristics of wetlands are

hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and wetland

hydrology (Cowardin and others, 1979; U.S. Army

Corps of Engineers, 1987; National Research Council,

1995; Tiner, 1985). Criteria for each of the

characteristics must be met for areas to be identified

as wetlands. Undrained hydric soils that have natural

vegetation should support a dominant population of

ecological wetland plant species. Hydric soils that

have been converted to other uses should be capable

of being restored to wetlands.

Hydric soils are defined by the National Technical

Committee for Hydric Soils (NTCHS) as soils that

formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or

ponding long enough during the growing season to

develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part

(Federal Register, 1994). These soils are either

saturated or inundated long enough during the

growing season to support the growth and

reproduction of hydrophytic vegetation.

The NTCHS definition identifies general soil

properties that are associated with wetness. In order

to determine whether a specific soil is a hydric soil or

nonhydric soil, however, more specific information,

such as information about the depth and duration of

the water table, is needed. Thus, criteria that identify

those estimated soil properties unique to hydric soils

have been established (Federal Register, 1995). These

criteria are used to identify a phase of a soil series

that normally is associated with wetlands. The criteria

used are selected estimated soil properties that are

described in “Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 1999)

and “Keys to Soil Taxonomy” (Soil Survey Staff, 1998)

and in the “Soil Survey Manual” (Soil Survey Division

Staff, 1993).

If soils are wet enough for a long enough period to

be considered hydric, they should exhibit certain

properties that can be easily observed in the field.

These visible properties are indicators of hydric soils.

The indicators used to make onsite determinations of

hydric soils in this survey area are specified in “Field

Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States” (Hurt

and others, 1998).

Hydric soils are identified by examining and

describing the soil to a depth of about 20 inches. This

depth may be greater if determination of an

appropriate indicator so requires. It is always

recommended that soils be excavated and described

to the depth necessary for an understanding of the

redoximorphic processes. Then, using the completed

soil descriptions, soil scientists can compare the soil

features required by each indicator and specify which

indicators have been matched with the conditions

observed in the soil. The soil can be identified as a

hydric soil if at least one of the approved indicators is

present.

Map units that are made up of hydric soils may

have small areas, or inclusions, of nonhydric soils in

the higher positions on the landform, and map units

made up of nonhydric soils may have inclusions of

hydric soils in the lower positions on the landform.

Table 13 lists the hydric characteristics of the soils

in Ford County. It identifies hydric soils and also

nonhydric soils that may have hydric inclusions. This

list can help in planning land uses on a specific site;

however, onsite investigation is recommended to

determine whether hydric soils occur and the location

of the included hydric soils (National Research

Council, 1995; Hurt and others, 1998).
Ford County, Illinois 99

Engineering

This section provides information for planning land

uses related to urban development and to water

management. Soils are rated for various uses, and the

most limiting features are identified. Ratings are given

for building site development, sanitary facilities,

construction materials, and water management. The

ratings are based on observed performance of the

soils and on the data provided in the tables under the

heading “Soil Properties.”

Information in this section is intended for land use

planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for

planning site investigations prior to design and

construction. The information, however, has limitations.

For example, estimates and other data generally apply

only to that part of the soil within a depth of 5 or 6 feet.

Because of the map scale, small areas of different

soils may be included within the mapped areas of a

specific soil.

The information is not site specific and does not

eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils

or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in

the design and construction of engineering works.

Government ordinances and regulations that

restrict certain land uses or impose specific design

criteria were not considered in preparing the

information in this section. Local ordinances and

regulations should be considered in planning, in site

selection, and in design.

Soil properties, site features, and observed

performance were considered in determining the

ratings in this section. During the fieldwork for this soil

survey, determinations were made about grain-size

distribution, liquid limit, plasticity index, soil reaction,

depth to bedrock, hardness of bedrock within 5 or 6

feet of the surface, soil wetness, depth to a seasonal

high water table, slope, likelihood of flooding, natural

soil structure aggregation, and soil density. Data were

collected about kinds of clay minerals, mineralogy of

the sand and silt fractions, and the kinds of adsorbed

cations. Estimates were made for erodibility,

permeability, corrosivity, shrink-swell potential,

available water capacity, and other behavioral

characteristics affecting engineering uses.

This information can be used to evaluate the

potential of areas for residential, commercial,

industrial, and recreational uses; make preliminary

estimates of construction conditions; evaluate

alternative routes for roads, streets, highways,

pipelines, and underground cables; evaluate

alternative sites for sanitary landfills, septic tank

absorption fields, and sewage lagoons; plan detailed

onsite investigations of soils and geology; locate

potential sources of gravel, sand, earthfill, and topsoil;

plan drainage systems, irrigation systems, ponds,

terraces, and other structures for soil and water

conservation; and predict performance of proposed

small structures and pavements by comparing the

performance of existing similar structures on the same

or similar soils.

The information in the tables, along with the soil

maps, the soil descriptions, and other data provided in

this survey, can be used to make additional

interpretations.

Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a

special meaning in soil science and are defined in the

Glossary.

Building Site Development

Table 14 shows the degree and kind of soil

limitations that affect shallow excavations, dwellings

with and without basements, small commercial

buildings, local roads and streets, and lawns and

landscaping. The limitations are considered slight if

soil properties and site features are generally

favorable for the indicated use and limitations are

minor and easily overcome; moderate if soil properties

or site features are not favorable for the indicated use

and special planning, design, or maintenance is

needed to overcome or minimize the limitations; and

severe if soil properties or site features are so

unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that special

design, significant increases in construction costs, and

possibly increased maintenance are required. Special

feasibility studies may be required where the soil

limitations are severe.

Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to a

maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for basements, graves,

utility lines, open ditches, or other purposes. The

ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and

observed performance of the soils. The ease of

digging, filling, and compacting is affected by the depth

to bedrock, a cemented pan, or a very firm dense

layer; stone content; soil texture; and slope. The time

of the year that excavations can be made is affected

by the depth to a seasonal high water table and the

susceptibility of the soil to flooding. The resistance of

the excavation walls or banks to sloughing or caving is

affected by soil texture and depth to the water table.

Dwellings and small commercial buildings are

structures built on shallow foundations on undisturbed

soil. The load limit is the same as that for single-family

dwellings no higher than three stories. Ratings are

made for small commercial buildings without
100 Soil Survey of

basements, for dwellings with basements, and for

dwellings without basements. The ratings are based

on soil properties, site features, and observed

performance of the soils. A high water table, flooding,

shrinking and swelling, and organic layers can cause

the movement of footings. A high water table, depth to

bedrock or to a cemented pan, large stones, slope,

and flooding affect the ease of excavation and

construction. Landscaping and grading that require

cuts and fills of more than 5 or 6 feet are not

considered.

Local roads and streets have an all-weather surface

and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year.

They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material; a base

of gravel, crushed rock, or stabilized soil material; and

a flexible or rigid surface. Cuts and fills are generally

limited to less than 6 feet. The ratings are based on

soil properties, site features, and observed

performance of the soils. Depth to bedrock or to a

cemented pan, a high water table, flooding, large

stones, and slope affect the ease of excavating and

grading. Soil strength (as inferred from the engineering

classification of the soil), shrink-swell potential, frost

action potential, and depth to a high water table affect

the traffic-supporting capacity.

Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf

and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established

and maintained. The ratings are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance of

the soils. Soil reaction, a high water table, depth to

bedrock or to a cemented pan, the available water

capacity in the upper 40 inches, and the content of

salts, sodium, and sulfidic materials affect plant

growth. Flooding, wetness, slope, stoniness, and the

amount of sand, clay, or organic matter in the surface

layer affect trafficability after vegetation is established.

Sanitary Facilities

Table 15 shows the degree and kind of soil

limitations that affect septic tank absorption fields,

sewage lagoons, and sanitary landfills. The limitations

are considered slight if soil properties and site features

are generally favorable for the indicated use and

limitations are minor and easily overcome; moderate if

soil properties or site features are not favorable for the

indicated use and special planning, design, or

maintenance is needed to overcome or minimize the

limitations; and severe if soil properties or site features

are so unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that

special design, significant increases in construction

costs, and possibly increased maintenance are

required.

The table also shows the suitability of the soils for

use as daily cover for landfill. A rating of good

indicates that soil properties and site features are

favorable for the use and good performance and low

maintenance can be expected; fair indicates that soil

properties and site features are moderately favorable

for the use and one or more soil properties or site

features make the soil less desirable than the soils

rated good; and poor indicates that one or more soil

properties or site features are unfavorable for the use

and overcoming the unfavorable properties requires

special design, extra maintenance, or costly alteration.

Septic tank absorption fields are areas in which

effluent from a septic tank is distributed into the soil

through subsurface tiles or perforated pipe. Only that

part of the soil between depths of 24 and 72 inches is

evaluated. The ratings are based on soil properties,

site features, and observed performance of the soils.

Permeability, a high water table, depth to bedrock or to

a cemented pan, and flooding affect absorption of the

effluent. Large stones and bedrock or a cemented pan

interfere with installation.

Unsatisfactory performance of septic tank

absorption fields, including excessively slow

absorption of effluent, surfacing of effluent, and hillside

seepage, can affect public health. Ground water can

be polluted if highly permeable sand and gravel or

fractured bedrock is less than 4 feet below the base of

the absorption field, if slope is excessive, or if the

water table is near the surface. There must be

unsaturated soil material beneath the absorption field

to filter the effluent effectively. Many local ordinances

require that this material be of a certain thickness.

Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to

hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the

solid and liquid wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly

level floor surrounded by cut slopes or embankments

of compacted soil. Lagoons generally are designed to

hold the sewage within a depth of 2 to 5 feet. Nearly

impervious soil material for the lagoon floor and sides

is required to minimize seepage and contamination of

ground water.

The table gives ratings for the natural soil that

makes up the lagoon floor. The surface layer and,

generally, 1 or 2 feet of soil material below the surface

layer are excavated to provide material for the

embankments. The ratings are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance of

the soils. Considered in the ratings are slope,

permeability, a high water table, depth to bedrock or to

a cemented pan, flooding, large stones, and content of

organic matter.

Excessive seepage resulting from rapid
Ford County, Illinois 101

permeability in the soil or a water table that is high

enough to raise the level of sewage in the lagoon

causes a lagoon to function unsatisfactorily. Pollution

results if seepage is excessive or if floodwater

overtops the lagoon. A high content of organic matter

is detrimental to proper functioning of the lagoon

because it inhibits aerobic activity. Slope, bedrock, and

cemented pans can cause construction problems, and

large stones can hinder compaction of the lagoon

floor.

Sanitary landfills are areas where solid waste is

disposed of by burying it in soil. There are two types of

landfill—trench and area. In a trench landfill, the waste

is placed in a trench. It is spread, compacted, and

covered daily with a thin layer of soil excavated at the

site. In an area landfill, the waste is placed in

successive layers on the surface of the soil. The waste

is spread, compacted, and covered daily with a thin

layer of soil from a source away from the site.

Both types of landfill must be able to bear heavy

vehicular traffic. Both types involve a risk of groundwater pollution. Ease of excavation and revegetation

should be considered.

The ratings in the table are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance of

the soils. Permeability, depth to bedrock or to a

cemented pan, a high water table, slope, and flooding

affect both types of landfill. Texture, stones and

boulders, highly organic layers, soil reaction, and

content of salts and sodium affect trench landfills.

Unless otherwise stated, the ratings apply only to that

part of the soil within a depth of about 6 feet. For

deeper trenches, a limitation rated slight or moderate

may not be valid. Onsite investigation is needed.

Daily cover for landfill is the soil material that is

used to cover compacted solid waste in an area

sanitary landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite,

transported to the landfill, and spread over the waste.

Soil texture, wetness, rock fragments, and slope

affect the ease of removing and spreading the material

during wet and dry periods. Loamy or silty soils that

are free of large stones or excess gravel are the best

cover for a landfill. Clayey soils are sticky or cloddy

and are difficult to spread; sandy soils are subject to

wind erosion.

After soil material has been removed, the soil

material remaining in the borrow area must be thick

enough over bedrock, a cemented pan, or the water

table to permit revegetation. The soil material used as

the final cover for a landfill should be suitable for

plants. The surface layer generally has the best

workability, more organic matter, and the best potential

for plants. Material from the surface layer should be

stockpiled for use as the final cover.

Construction Materials

Table 16 gives information about the soils as a

source of roadfill, sand, gravel, and topsoil. The soils

are rated good, fair, or poor as a source of roadfill and

topsoil. They are rated as a probable or improbable

source of sand and gravel. The ratings are based on

soil properties and site features that affect the removal

of the soil and its use as construction material. Normal

compaction, minor processing, and other standard

construction practices are assumed. Each soil is

evaluated to a depth of 5 or 6 feet.

Roadfill is soil material that is excavated in one

place and used in road embankments in another

place. In this table, the soils are rated as a source of

roadfill for low embankments, generally less than 6

feet high and less exacting in design than higher

embankments.

The ratings are for the soil material below the

surface layer to a depth of 5 or 6 feet. It is assumed

that soil layers will be mixed during excavating and

spreading. Many soils have layers of contrasting

suitability within their profile. The table showing

engineering index properties provides detailed

information about each soil layer. This information can

help to determine the suitability of each layer for use

as roadfill. The performance of soil after it is stabilized

with lime or cement is not considered in the ratings.

The ratings are based on soil properties, site

features, and observed performance of the soils. The

thickness of suitable material is a major consideration.

The ease of excavation is affected by large stones, a

high water table, and slope. How well the soil performs

in place after it has been compacted and drained is

determined by its strength (as inferred from the

engineering classification of the soil) and shrink-swell

potential.

Soils rated good contain significant amounts of

sand or gravel or both. They have at least 5 feet of

suitable material, a low shrink-swell potential, few

cobbles and stones, and slopes of 15 percent or less.

Depth to the water table is more than 3 feet. Soils

rated fair are more than 35 percent silt- and clay-sized

particles and have a plasticity index of less than 10.

They have a moderate shrink-swell potential, slopes of

15 to 25 percent, or many stones. Depth to the water

table is 1 to 3 feet. Soils rated poor have a plasticity

index of more than 10, a high shrink-swell potential,

many stones, or slopes of more than 25 percent. They
102 Soil Survey of

are wet and have a water table at a depth of less than

1 foot. They may have layers of suitable material, but

the material is less than 3 feet thick.

Sand and gravel are natural aggregates suitable for

commercial use with a minimum of processing. They

are used in many kinds of construction. Specifications

for each use vary widely. In table 16, only the

probability of finding material in suitable quantity is

evaluated. The suitability of the material for specific

purposes is not evaluated, nor are factors that affect

excavation of the material.

The properties used to evaluate the soil as a source

of sand or gravel are gradation of grain sizes (as

indicated by the engineering classification of the soil),

the thickness of suitable material, and the content of

rock fragments. Kinds of rock, acidity, and stratification

are given in the soil series descriptions. Gradation of

grain sizes is given in the table on engineering index

properties.

A soil rated as a probable source has a layer of

clean sand or gravel or a layer of sand or gravel that is

up to 12 percent silty fines. This material must be at

least 3 feet thick and less than 50 percent, by weight,

large stones. All other soils are rated as an improbable

source. Coarse fragments of soft bedrock, such as

shale and siltstone, are not considered to be sand and

gravel.

Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation

can be established and maintained. The upper 40

inches of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also

evaluated is the reclamation potential of the borrow

area.

Plant growth is affected by toxic material and by

such properties as soil reaction, available water

capacity, and fertility. The ease of excavating, loading,

and spreading is affected by rock fragments, slope, a

water table, soil texture, and thickness of suitable

material. Reclamation of the borrow area is affected by

slope, a water table, rock fragments, bedrock, and

toxic material.

Soils rated good have friable, loamy material to a

depth of at least 40 inches. They are free of stones

and cobbles, have little or no gravel, and have slopes

of less than 8 percent. They are low in content of

soluble salts, are naturally fertile or respond well to

fertilizer, and are not so wet that excavation is difficult.

Soils rated fair are sandy soils, loamy soils that

have a relatively high content of clay, soils that have

only 20 to 40 inches of suitable material, soils that

have an appreciable amount of gravel, stones, or

soluble salts, or soils that have slopes of 8 to 15

percent. The soils are not so wet that excavation is

difficult.

Soils rated poor are very sandy or clayey, have less

than 20 inches of suitable material, have a large

amount of gravel, stones, or soluble salts, have slopes

of more than 15 percent, or have a seasonal high

water table at or near the surface.

The surface layer of most soils is generally

preferred for topsoil because of its organic matter

content. Organic matter greatly increases the

absorption and retention of moisture and nutrients for

plant growth.

Water Management

Table 17 gives information on the soil properties

and site features that affect water management. The

degree and kind of soil limitations are given for pond

reservoir areas; embankments, dikes, and levees; and

aquifer-fed excavated ponds. The limitations are

considered slight if soil properties and site features are

generally favorable for the indicated use and

limitations are minor and are easily overcome;

moderate if soil properties or site features are not

favorable for the indicated use and special planning,

design, or maintenance is needed to overcome or

minimize the limitations; and severe if soil properties or

site features are so unfavorable or so difficult to

overcome that special design, significant increase in

construction costs, and possibly increased

maintenance are required.

This table also gives for each soil the restrictive

features that affect drainage, irrigation, terraces and

diversions, and grassed waterways.

Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or

embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low

seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The

seepage potential is determined by the permeability of

the soil and the depth to fractured bedrock or other

permeable material. Excessive slope can affect the

storage capacity of the reservoir area.

Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised

structures of soil material, generally less than 20 feet

high, constructed to impound water or to protect land

against overflow. In this table, the soils are rated as a

source of material for embankment fill. The ratings

apply to the soil material below the surface layer to a

depth of about 5 feet. It is assumed that soil layers will

be uniformly mixed and compacted during

construction.

The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural

soil to support an embankment. Soil properties to a

depth even greater than the height of the embankment

can affect performance and safety of the embankment.

Generally, deeper onsite investigation is needed to

determine these properties.

Soil material in embankments must be resistant to
Ford County, Illinois 103

seepage, piping, and erosion and have favorable

compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features

include less than 5 feet of suitable material and a high

content of stones or boulders, organic matter, or salts

or sodium. A high water table affects the amount of

usable material. It also affects trafficability.

Aquifer-fed excavated ponds are pits or dugouts

that extend to a ground-water aquifer or to a depth

below a permanent water table. Excluded are ponds

that are fed only by surface runoff and embankment

ponds that impound water 3 feet or more above the

original surface. Excavated ponds are affected by

depth to a permanent water table, permeability of the

aquifer, and quality of the water as inferred from the

salinity of the soil. Depth to bedrock and the content of

large stones affect the ease of excavation.

Drainage is the removal of excess surface and

subsurface water from the soil. How easily and

effectively the soil is drained depends on the depth to

bedrock, to a cemented pan, or to other layers that

affect the rate of water movement; permeability; depth

to a high water table or depth of standing water if the

soil is subject to ponding; slope; susceptibility to

flooding; subsidence of organic layers; and the

potential for frost action. Excavating and grading and

the stability of ditchbanks are affected by depth to

bedrock or to a cemented pan, large stones, slope,

and the hazard of cutbanks caving. The productivity of

the soil after drainage is adversely affected by extreme

acidity or by toxic substances in the root zone, such as

salts, sodium, and sulfur. Availability of drainage

outlets is not considered in the ratings.

Irrigation is the controlled application of water to

supplement rainfall and support plant growth. The

design and management of an irrigation system are

affected by depth to the water table, the need for

drainage, flooding, available water capacity, intake

rate, permeability, erosion hazard, and slope. The

construction of a system is affected by large stones

and depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan. The

performance of a system is affected by the depth of

the root zone, the amount of salts or sodium, and soil

reaction.

Terraces and diversions are embankments or a

combination of channels and ridges constructed

across a slope to control erosion and conserve

moisture by intercepting runoff. Slope, wetness, large

stones, and depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan

affect the construction of terraces and diversions. A

restricted rooting depth, a severe hazard of wind

erosion or water erosion, an excessively coarse

texture, and restricted permeability adversely affect

maintenance.

Grassed waterways are natural or constructed

channels, generally broad and shallow, that conduct

surface water to outlets at a nonerosive velocity. Large

stones, wetness, slope, and depth to bedrock or to a

cemented pan affect the construction of grassed

waterways. A hazard of wind erosion, low available

water capacity, restricted rooting depth, toxic

substances such as salts and sodium, and restricted

permeability adversely affect the growth and

maintenance of the grass after construction.

105

Data relating to soil properties are collected during

the course of the soil survey.

Soil properties are ascertained by field examination

of the soils and by laboratory index testing of some

benchmark soils. Established standard procedures are

followed. During the survey, many shallow borings are

made and examined to identify and classify the soils

and to delineate them on the soil maps. Samples are

taken from some typical profiles and tested in the

laboratory to determine particle-size distribution,

plasticity, and compaction characteristics.

Estimates of soil properties are based on field

examinations, on laboratory tests of samples from the

survey area, and on laboratory tests of samples of

similar soils in nearby areas. Tests verify field

observations, verify properties that cannot be

estimated accurately by field observation, and help to

characterize key soils.

The estimates of soil properties are shown in

tables. They include engineering index properties,

physical and chemical properties, and pertinent soil

and water features.

Engineering Index Properties

Table 18 gives the engineering classifications and

the range of index properties for the layers of each soil

in the survey area.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Texture is given in the standard terms used by the

U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are

defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and

clay in the fraction of the soil that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter (fig. 9). “Loam,” for example, is

soil that is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt,

and less than 52 percent sand. If the content of

particles coarser than sand is 15 percent or more, an

appropriate modifier is added, for example, “gravelly.”

Textural terms are defined in the Glossary.

Classification of the soils is determined according to

the Unified soil classification system (ASTM, 2001)

and the system adopted by the American Association

of State Highway and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO, 2000).

The Unified system classifies soils according to

properties that affect their use as construction

material. Soils are classified according to particle-size

distribution of the fraction less than 3 inches in

diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit,

and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils

are identified as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and

SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH, and

OH; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils exhibiting

engineering properties of two groups can have a dual

classification, for example, CL-ML.

The AASHTO system classifies soils according to

those properties that affect roadway construction and

maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral

soil that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified

in one of seven groups from A-1 through A-7 on the

basis of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and

plasticity index. Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained

Soil Properties

Figure 9.—Percentages of clay, silt, and sand in the basic

USDA soil textural classes.
106 Soil Survey of

and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the other

extreme, soils in group A-7 are fine grained. Highly

organic soils are classified in group A-8 on the basis of

visual inspection.

If laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and

A-7 groups are further classified as A-1-a, A-1-b,

A-2-4, A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an

additional refinement, the suitability of a soil as

subgrade material can be indicated by a group index

number. Group index numbers range from 0 for the

best subgrade material to 20 or higher for the poorest.

Rock fragments larger than 10 inches in diameter

and 3 to 10 inches in diameter are indicated as a

percentage of the total soil on a dry-weight basis. The

percentages are estimates determined mainly by

converting volume percentage in the field to weight

percentage.

Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated

sieves is the percentage of the soil fraction less than 3

inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. The

sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA Standard

Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420, and 0.074

millimeters, respectively. Estimates are based on

laboratory tests of soils sampled in the survey area

and in nearby areas and on estimates made in the

field.

Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits)

indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil. The

estimates are based on test data from the survey area

or from nearby areas and on field examination.

The estimates of particle-size distribution, liquid

limit, and plasticity index are generally rounded to the

nearest 5 percent. Thus, if the ranges of gradation and

Atterberg limits extend a marginal amount (1 or 2

percentage points) across classification boundaries,

the classification in the marginal zone is generally

omitted in the table.

Physical Properties

Table 19 shows estimates of some physical

characteristics and features that affect soil behavior.

These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in

the survey area. The estimates are based on field

observations and on test data for these and similar

soils.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Particle size is the effective diameter of a soil

particle as measured by sedimentation, sieving, or

micrometric methods. Particle sizes are expressed as

classes with specific effective diameter class limits.

The broad classes are sand, silt, and clay, ranging

from the larger to the smaller.

Sand as a soil separate consists of mineral soil

particles that are 0.05 millimeter to 2 millimeters in

diameter. In table 19, the estimated sand content of

each soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of

the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in

diameter.

Silt as a soil separate consists of mineral soil

particles that are 0.002 to 0.05 millimeter in diameter.

In table 19, the estimated silt content of each soil layer

is given as a percentage, by weight, of the soil

material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.

Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil

particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter in

diameter. In table 19, the estimated clay content of

each soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of

the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in

diameter.

The content of sand, silt, and clay affects the

physical behavior of a soil. Particle size is important for

engineering and agronomic interpretations, for

determination of soil hydrologic qualities, and for soil

classification.

The amount and kind of clay affect the fertility and

physical condition of the soil and the ability of the soil

to adsorb cations and to retain moisture. They

influence shrink-swell potential, permeability, plasticity,

the ease of soil dispersion, and other soil properties.

The amount and kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage

and earthmoving operations.

Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) per

unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is at

field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content at

1

/3- or 1/10-bar (33kPa or 10kPa) moisture tension.

Weight is determined after the soil is dried at 105

degrees C. In the table, the estimated moist bulk

density of each soil horizon is expressed in grams per

cubic centimeter of soil material that is less than 2

millimeters in diameter. Bulk density data are used to

compute shrink-swell potential, available water

capacity, total pore space, and other soil properties.

The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore

space available for water and roots. Depending on soil

texture, a bulk density of more than 1.4 can restrict

water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk density

is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content of organic

matter, and soil structure.

Permeability (Ksat ) refers to the ability of a soil to

transmit water or air. The term “permeability,” as used

in soil surveys, indicates saturated hydraulic

conductivity (Ksat ). The estimates in the table indicate

the rate of water movement, in inches per hour, when

the soil is saturated. They are based on soil

characteristics observed in the field, particularly

structure, porosity, and texture. Permeability is
Ford County, Illinois 107

considered in the design of soil drainage systems and

septic tank absorption fields.

Available water capacity refers to the quantity of

water that the soil is capable of storing for use by

plants. The capacity for water storage is given in

inches of water per inch of soil for each soil layer. The

capacity varies, depending on soil properties that

affect retention of water. The most important

properties are the content of organic matter, soil

texture, bulk density, and soil structure. Available water

capacity is an important factor in the choice of plants

or crops to be grown and in the design and

management of irrigation systems. Available water

capacity is not an estimate of the quantity of water

actually available to plants at any given time.

Linear extensibility refers to the change in length of

an unconfined clod as moisture content is decreased

from a moist to a dry state. It is an expression of the

volume change between the water content of the clod

at 1/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension) and

oven dryness. The volume change is reported in the

table as percent change for the whole soil. Volume

change is influenced by the amount and type of clay

minerals in the soil.

Linear extensibility is used to determine the shrinkswell potential of soils. The shrink-swell potential is low

if the soil has a linear extensibility of less than 3

percent; moderate if 3 to 6 percent; high if 6 to 9

percent; and very high if more than 9 percent. If the

linear extensibility is more than 3, shrinking and

swelling can cause damage to buildings, roads, and

other structures and to plant roots. Special design

commonly is needed.

Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in

the soil at various stages of decomposition. In table

19, the estimated content of organic matter is

expressed as a percentage, by weight, of the soil

material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter.

The content of organic matter in a soil can be

maintained by returning crop residue to the soil.

Organic matter has a positive effect on available water

capacity, water infiltration, soil organism activity, and

tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and other nutrients for

crops and soil organisms.

Erosion factors are shown in table 19 as the K

factor (Kw and Kf) and the T factor. Erosion factor K

indicates the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill

erosion by water. Factor K is one of six factors used in

the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and the

Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to

predict the average annual rate of soil loss by sheet

and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The

estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt,

sand, and organic matter and on soil structure and

permeability. Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69.

Other factors being equal, the higher the value, the

more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion by

water.

Erosion factor Kw indicates the erodibility of the

whole soil. The estimates are modified by the

presence of rock fragments.

Erosion factor Kf indicates the erodibility of the fineearth fraction, or the material less than 2 millimeters in

size.

Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum

average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water

that can occur without affecting crop productivity over

a sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per

year.

Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that

have similar properties affecting their susceptibility to

wind erosion in cultivated areas. The soils assigned to

group 1 are the most susceptible to wind erosion, and

those assigned to group 8 are the least susceptible.

The groups are as follows:

1. Coarse sands, sands, fine sands, and very fine

sands.

2. Loamy coarse sands, loamy sands, loamy fine

sands, loamy very fine sands, ash material, and sapric

soil material.

3. Coarse sandy loams, sandy loams, fine sandy

loams, and very fine sandy loams.

4L. Calcareous loams, silt loams, clay loams, and

silty clay loams.

4. Clays, silty clays, noncalcareous clay loams,

and silty clay loams that are more than 35 percent

clay.

5. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are

less than 20 percent clay and sandy clay loams, sandy

clays, and hemic soil material.

6. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are

more than 20 percent clay and noncalcareous clay

loams that are less than 35 percent clay.

7. Silts, noncalcareous silty clay loams that are

less than 35 percent clay, and fibric soil material.

8. Soils that are not subject to wind erosion

because of rock fragments on the surface or because

of surface wetness.

Wind erodibility index is a numerical value indicating

the susceptibility of soil to wind erosion, or the tons

per acre per year that can be expected to be lost to

wind erosion. There is a close correlation between

wind erosion and the texture of the surface layer, the

size and durability of surface clods, rock fragments,

organic matter, and a calcareous reaction. Soil

moisture and frozen soil layers also influence wind

erosion.
108 Soil Survey of

Chemical Properties

Table 20 shows estimates of some chemical

characteristics and features that affect soil behavior.

These estimates are given for the layers of each soil in

the survey area. The estimates are based on field

observations and on test data for these and similar

soils.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Cation-exchange capacity is the total amount of

extractable bases that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams

of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some other stated pH

value. Soils having a low cation-exchange capacity

hold fewer cations and may require more frequent

applications of fertilizer than soils having a high cationexchange capacity. The ability to retain cations

reduces the hazard of ground-water pollution.

Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity.

The pH of each soil horizon is based on many field

tests. For many soils, values have been verified by

laboratory analyses. Soil reaction is important in

selecting crops and other plants, in evaluating soil

amendments for fertility and stabilization, and in

determining the risk of corrosion.

Calcium carbonate equivalent is the percent of

carbonates, by weight, in the fraction of the soil less

than 2 millimeters in size. The availability of plant

nutrients is influenced by the amount of carbonates in

the soil. Incorporating nitrogen fertilizer into calcareous

soils helps to prevent nitrite accumulation and

ammonium-N volatilization.

Water Features

Table 21 gives estimates of various water features.

The estimates are used in land use planning that

involves engineering considerations.

Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of

runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four

groups according to the rate of water infiltration when

the soils are not protected by vegetation, are

thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from longduration storms.

The four hydrologic soil groups are:

Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low

runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist

mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained

sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate

of water transmission.

Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate

when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of

moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or

well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to

moderately coarse texture. These soils have a

moderate rate of water transmission.

Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when

thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having a

layer that impedes the downward movement of water

or soils of moderately fine texture or fine texture.

These soils have a slow rate of water transmission.

Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate

(high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These

consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell

potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that

have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface,

and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious

material. These soils have a very slow rate of water

transmission.

If a soil is assigned to a dual hydrologic group (A/D,

B/D, or C/D), the first letter is for drained areas and the

second is for undrained areas.

The months in the table indicate the portion of the

year in which the feature is most likely to be a

concern.

Water table refers to a saturated zone in the soil.

Table 21 indicates, by month, depth to the top (upper

limit) and base (lower limit) of the saturated zone in

most years. Estimates of the upper and lower limits

are based mainly on observations of the water table at

selected sites and on evidence of a saturated zone,

namely grayish colors or mottles (redoximorphic

features) in the soil. A saturated zone that lasts for

less than a month is not considered a water table.

The table also shows the kind of water table. An

apparent water table is a thick zone of free water in the

soil. It is indicated by the level at which water stands in

an uncased borehole after adequate time is allowed

for adjustment in the surrounding soil. A perched water

table is water standing above an unsaturated zone. In

places an upper, or perched, water table is separated

from a lower one by a dry zone.

Ponding is standing water in a closed depression.

Unless a drainage system is installed, the water is

removed only by percolation, transpiration, or

evaporation. Table 21 indicates surface water depth

and the duration and frequency of ponding. Duration is

expressed as very brief if less than 2 days, brief if 2 to

7 days, long if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than

30 days. Frequency is expressed as none, rare,

occasional, and frequent. None means that ponding is

not probable; rare that it is unlikely but possible under

unusual weather conditions (the chance of ponding is

nearly 0 percent to 5 percent in any year); occasional

that it occurs, on the average, once or less in 2 years

(the chance of ponding is 5 to 50 percent in any year);

and frequent that it occurs, on the average, more than
Ford County, Illinois 109

once in 2 years (the chance of ponding is more than

50 percent in any year).

Flooding is the temporary inundation of an area

caused by overflowing streams or by runoff from

adjacent slopes. Water standing for short periods after

rainfall or snowmelt is not considered flooding, and

water standing in swamps and marshes is considered

ponding rather than flooding.

Duration and frequency are estimated. Duration is

expressed as extremely brief if 0.1 hour to 4 hours,

very brief if 4 hours to 2 days, brief if 2 to 7 days, long

if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than 30 days.

Frequency is expressed as none, very rare, rare,

occasional, frequent, and very frequent. None means

that flooding is not probable; very rare that it is very

unlikely but possible under extremely unusual weather

conditions (the chance of flooding is less than 1

percent in any year); rare that it is unlikely but possible

under unusual weather conditions (the chance of

flooding is 1 to 5 percent in any year); occasional that

it occurs infrequently under normal weather conditions

(the chance of flooding is 5 to 50 percent in any year);

frequent that it is likely to occur often under normal

weather conditions (the chance of flooding is more

than 50 percent in any year but is less than 50 percent

in all months in any year); and very frequent that it is

likely to occur very often under normal weather

conditions (the chance of flooding is more than 50

percent in all months of any year).

The information is based on evidence in the soil

profile, namely thin strata of gravel, sand, silt, or clay

deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in organic

matter content with increasing depth; and little or no

horizon development.

Also considered are local information about the

extent and levels of flooding and the relation of each

soil on the landscape to historic floods. Information on

the extent of flooding based on soil data is less

specific than that provided by detailed engineering

surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific

flood frequency levels.

Soil Features

Table 22 gives estimates of various soil features.

The estimates are used in land use planning that

involves engineering considerations.

A restrictive layer is a nearly continuous layer that

has one or more physical, chemical, or thermal

properties that significantly impede the movement of

water and air through the soil or that restrict roots or

otherwise provide an unfavorable root environment.

Examples are bedrock, cemented layers, dense

layers, and frozen layers. Depth to top is the vertical

distance from the soil surface to the upper boundary of

the restrictive layer.

Subsidence is the settlement of organic soils or of

saturated mineral soils of very low density. Subsidence

generally results from either desiccation and

shrinkage or oxidation of organic material, or both,

following drainage. Subsidence takes place gradually,

usually over a period of several years. The table shows

the expected initial subsidence, which usually is a

result of drainage, and total subsidence, which results

from a combination of factors.

Potential for frost action is the likelihood of upward

or lateral expansion of the soil caused by the formation

of segregated ice lenses (frost heave) and the

subsequent collapse of the soil and loss of strength on

thawing. Frost action occurs when moisture moves

into the freezing zone of the soil. Temperature, texture,

density, permeability, content of organic matter, and

depth to the water table are the most important factors

considered in evaluating the potential for frost action. It

is assumed that the soil is not insulated by vegetation

or snow and is not artificially drained. Silty and highly

structured, clayey soils that have a high water table in

winter are the most susceptible to frost action. Well

drained, very gravelly, or very sandy soils are the least

susceptible. Frost heave and low soil strength during

thawing cause damage to pavements and other rigid

structures.

Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced

electrochemical or chemical action that corrodes or

weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of

corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors

as soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity, and

electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion

of concrete is based mainly on the sulfate and sodium

content, texture, moisture content, and acidity of the

soil. Special site examination and design may be

needed if the combination of factors results in a severe

hazard of corrosion. The steel or concrete in

installations that intersect soil boundaries or soil layers

is more susceptible to corrosion than the steel or

concrete in installations that are entirely within one

kind of soil or within one soil layer.

For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, expressed

as low, moderate, or high, is based on soil drainage

class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near field

capacity, and electrical conductivity of the saturation

extract.

For concrete, the risk of corrosion also is expressed

as low, moderate, or high. It is based on soil texture,

acidity, and amount of sulfates in the saturation

extract.

111

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 2000.

Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and

testing. 20th edition, 2 volumes.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 2001. Standard classification of

soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D 2487-00.

Cowardin, L.M., V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. LaRoe. 1979. Classification of wetlands

and deep-water habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service FWS/OBS79/31.

Federal Register. July 13, 1994. Changes in hydric soils of the United States.

Federal Register. February 24, 1995. Hydric soils of the United States.

Fehrenbacher, D.J. 1990. Soil survey of Ford County, Illinois. University of Illinois

Agricultural Experiment Station Soil Report 128.

Fehrenbacher, J.B., R.A. Pope, I.J. Jansen, J.D. Alexander, and B.W. Ray. 1978. Soil

productivity in Illinois. University of Illinois, College of Agriculture, Cooperative

Extension Service Circular 1156.

Ford County Historical Society. 1884. Historical atlas of Ford County, Illinois.

Hansel, A.K., and W.H. Johnson. 1996. Wedron and Mason groups: Lithostratigraphic

reclassification of deposits of the Wisconsin episode, Lake Michigan lobe area. Illinois

State Geological Survey Bulletin 104.

Hurt, G.W., P.M. Whited, and R.F. Pringle, editors. Version 4.0, 1998. Field indicators of

hydric soils in the United States.

Jenny, Hans. 1941. Factors of soil formation.

Leighton, M.M., G.E. Ekblaw, and L. Horberg. 1948. Physiographic divisions of Illinois.

Illinois State Geological Survey, Report of Investigations 129.

National Research Council. 1995. Wetlands: Characteristics and boundaries.

Smith, R.S., H.C. Wascher, and G.D. Smith. 1941. Ford County soils. University of

Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station Soil Report 54.

Soil Survey Division Staff. 1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Conservation Service. U.S.

Department of Agriculture Handbook 18.

References
112

Soil Survey Staff. 1998. Keys to soil taxonomy. 8th edition. U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

Soil Survey Staff. 1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making

and interpreting soil surveys. 2nd edition. Natural Resources Conservation Service.

U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 436.

Stauffer, R.S. 1935. Influence of parent material on soil character in a humid, temperate

climate. Journal of the American Society of Agronomy 27: 885-894.

Tiner, R.W., Jr. 1985. Wetlands of Delaware. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and

Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, Wetlands

Section.

United States Army Corps of Engineers, Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Corps of

Engineers wetlands delineation manual. Waterways Experiment Station Technical

Report Y-87-1.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1961. Land capability classification. Soil

Conservation Service. U.S. Department of Agriculture Handbook 210.

United States Department of Agriculture. 1981. Land resource regions and major land

resource areas of the United States. Soil Conservation Service. U.S. Department of

Agriculture Handbook 296.

United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1997. 1997 census of

agriculture.

United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 2000. 2000 census of

population and housing.

Willman, H.B., and J.C. Frye. 1970. Pleistocene stratigraphy of Illinois. Illinois Geological

Survey Bulletin 94.
113

Ablation till. Loose, permeable till deposited during

the final downwasting of glacial ice. Lenses of

crudely sorted sand and gravel are common.

Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air from

the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated soil is

similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a

poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in

carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen.

Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single

mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as

granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. Clods

are aggregates produced by tillage or logging.

Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay,

deposited on land by streams.

Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl. A dye that when dissolved in

1N ammonium acetate is used to detect the

presence of reduced iron (Fe II) in the soil. A

positive reaction indicates a type of redoximorphic

feature.

Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness characterized

by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic

features.

Area reclaim (in tables). An area difficult to reclaim

after the removal of soil for construction and other

uses. Revegetation and erosion control are

extremely difficult.

Argillic horizon. A subsoil horizon characterized by

an accumulation of illuvial clay.

Aspect. The direction in which a slope faces.

Available water capacity (available moisture

capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water

available for use by most plants. It is commonly

defined as the difference between the amount of

soil water at field moisture capacity and the

amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed

as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in

inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer is

expressed as:

Very low ............................................................ 0 to 3

Low ................................................................... 3 to 6

Moderate .......................................................... 6 to 9

High ................................................................ 9 to 12

Very high .............................................. more than 12

Backslope. The position that forms the steepest and

generally linear, middle portion of a hillslope. In

profile, backslopes are commonly bounded by a

convex shoulder above and a concave footslope

below.

Basal till. Compact till deposited beneath the ice.

Base saturation. The degree to which material having

cation-exchange properties is saturated with

exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K),

expressed as a percentage of the total cationexchange capacity.

Beach deposits. Material, such as sand and gravel,

that is generally laid down parallel to an active or

relict shoreline of a postglacial or glacial lake.

Beach ridge. A low, essentially continuous mound of

beach or beach-and-dune material heaped up by

the action of waves and currents on the backshore

of a beach, beyond the present limit of storm

waves or the reach of ordinary tides, and

occurring singly or as one of a series of

approximately parallel deposits. The ridges are

roughly parallel to the shoreline and represent

successive positions of an advancing shoreline.

Bedding planes. Fine strata, less than 5 millimeters

thick, in unconsolidated alluvial, eolian, lacustrine,

or marine sediment.

Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and

other unconsolidated material or that is exposed at

the surface.

Bedrock-controlled topography. A landscape where

the configuration and relief of the landforms are

determined or strongly influenced by the

underlying bedrock.

Bench terrace. A raised, level or nearly level strip of

earth constructed on or nearly on a contour,

supported by a barrier of rocks or similar material,

and designed to make the soil suitable for tillage

and to prevent accelerated erosion.

Bog. Waterlogged, spongy ground, consisting

primarily of mosses, containing acidic, decaying

vegetation, such as sphagnum, sedges, and

heaths, that develops into peat.

Bottom land. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to flooding.

Boulders. Rock fragments larger than 2 feet (60

centimeters) in diameter.

Glossary
114 Soil Survey of

Calcareous soil. A soil containing enough calcium

carbonate (commonly combined with magnesium

carbonate) to effervesce visibly when treated with

cold, dilute hydrochloric acid.

Capillary water. Water held as a film around soil

particles and in tiny spaces between particles.

Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds

capillary water in the soil.

Catena. A sequence, or “chain,” of soils on a

landscape that formed in similar kinds of parent

material but have different characteristics as a

result of differences in relief and drainage.

Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity.

The common soil cations are calcium, potassium,

magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen.

Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of

exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100

grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some

other stated pH value. The term, as applied to

soils, is synonymous with base-exchange capacity

but is more precise in meaning.

Chiseling. Tillage with an implement having one or

more soil-penetrating points that shatter or loosen

hard, compacted layers to a depth below normal

plow depth.

Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less

than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural

class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay,

less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40

percent silt.

Clay depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron, manganese, and clay because of

the chemical reduction of iron and manganese

and the removal of iron, manganese, and clay. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the

surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root

channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin.

Clayey soil. Silty clay, sandy clay, or clay. Generally, a

soil with a clay content averaging more than 35

percent.

Closed depression. A low area completely

surrounded by higher ground and having no

natural outlet.

Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand.

Cobble (or cobblestone). A rounded or partly

rounded fragment of rock 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to 25

centimeters) in diameter.

Colluvium. Soil material or rock fragments, or both,

moved by creep, slide, or local wash and

deposited at the base of steep slopes.

Complex slope. Irregular or variable slope. Planning

or establishing terraces, diversions, and other

water-control structures on a complex slope is

difficult.

Concretions. Cemented bodies with crude internal

symmetry organized around a point, a line, or a

plane. They typically take the form of concentric

layers visible to the naked eye. Calcium carbonate,

iron oxide, and manganese oxide are common

compounds making up concretions. If formed in

place, concretions of iron oxide or manganese

oxide are generally considered a type of

redoximorphic concentration.

Conservation cropping system. Growing crops in

combination with needed cultural and

management practices. In a good conservation

cropping system, the soil-improving crops and

practices more than offset the effects of the soildepleting crops and practices. Cropping systems

are needed on all tilled soils. Soil-improving

practices in a conservation cropping system

include the use of rotations that contain grasses

and legumes and the return of crop residue to the

soil. Other practices include the use of green

manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper

tillage, adequate fertilization, and weed and pest

control.

Conservation tillage. A tillage system that does not

invert the soil and that leaves a protective amount

of crop residue on the surface throughout the year.

Consistence, soil. Refers to the degree of cohesion

and adhesion of soil material and its resistance to

deformation when ruptured. Consistence includes

resistance of soil material to rupture and to

penetration; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness of

puddled soil material; and the manner in which the

soil material behaves when subject to

compression. Terms describing consistence are

defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Contour stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that

follow the contour. Strips of grass or close-growing

crops are alternated with strips of clean-tilled

crops or summer fallow.

Control section. The part of the soil on which

classification is based. The thickness varies

among different kinds of soil, but for many it is that

part of the soil profile between depths of 10 inches

and 40 or 80 inches.

Coprogenous earth (sedimentary peat). Fecal

material deposited in water by aquatic organisms.

Corrosion. Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical

action that dissolves or weakens concrete or

uncoated steel.

Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to
Ford County, Illinois 115

improve and protect the soil between periods of

regular crop production, or a crop grown between

trees and vines in orchards and vineyards.

Crop residue management. Returning crop residue

to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure,

organic matter content, and fertility and helps to

control erosion.

Cropping system. Growing crops according to a

planned system of rotation and management

practices.

Culmination of the mean annual increment (CMAI).

The average annual increase per acre in the

volume of a stand. Computed by dividing the total

volume of the stand by its age. As the stand

increases in age, the mean annual increment

continues to increase until mortality begins to

reduce the rate of increase. The point where the

stand reaches its maximum annual rate of growth

is called the culmination of the mean annual

increment.

Cutbanks cave (in tables). The walls of excavations

tend to cave in or slough.

Deferred grazing. Postponing grazing or resting

grazing land for a prescribed period.

Depth, soil. Generally, the thickness of the soil over

bedrock. Very deep soils are more than 60 inches

deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches;

moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to

20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches.

Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth,

generally a terrace, built to protect downslope

areas by diverting runoff from its natural course.

Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency and

duration of wet periods under conditions similar to

those under which the soil formed. Alterations of

the water regime by human activities, either

through drainage or irrigation, are not a

consideration unless they have significantly

changed the morphology of the soil. Seven

classes of natural soil drainage are recognized—

excessively drained, somewhat excessively

drained, well drained, moderately well drained,

somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and

very poorly drained. These classes are defined in

the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water,

from an area.

Drainageway. Relatively small, linear depressions

that, at some time, move concentrated water and

either do not have a defined channel or have only

a small defined channel.

Drift. Pulverized and other rock material transported

by glacial ice and then deposited. Also, the sorted

and unsorted material deposited by streams

flowing from glaciers.

Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution

or colloidal suspension from one place to another

within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material

through eluviation are eluvial; those that have

received material are illuvial.

End moraine. A ridgelike accumulation that is being

or was produced at the outer margin of an actively

flowing glacier at any given time.

Endosaturation. A type of saturation of the soil in

which all horizons between the upper boundary of

saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated.

Eolian soil material. Earthy parent material

accumulated through wind action; commonly

refers to sandy material in dunes or to loess in

blankets on the surface.

Ephemeral stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows only in direct response to precipitation. It

receives no long-continued supply from melting

snow or other source, and its channel is above the

water table at all times.

Episaturation. A type of saturation indicating a

perched water table in a soil in which saturated

layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated

layers within 2 meters of the surface.

Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by

water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by

such processes as gravitational creep.

Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic

processes acting over long geologic periods and

resulting in the wearing away of mountains and

the building up of such landscape features as

flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural

erosion.

Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid

than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human

or animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature,

such as a fire, that exposes the surface.

Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope

or cliff breaking the general continuity of more

gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from

erosion or faulting. Synonym: scarp.

Excess fines (in tables). Excess silt and clay in the

soil. The soil does not provide a source of gravel

or sand for construction purposes.

Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to provide

plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and in proper

balance, for the growth of specified plants when

light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other growth

factors are favorable.

Fibric soil material (peat). The least decomposed of

all organic soil material. Peat contains a large
116 Soil Survey of

amount of well preserved fiber that is readily

identifiable according to botanical origin. Peat has

the lowest bulk density and the highest water

content at saturation of all organic soil material.

Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a

soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry

weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has

drained away; the field moisture content 2 or 3

days after a soaking rain; also called normal field

capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary

capacity.

Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay.

First bottom. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to frequent or occasional flooding.

Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a

stream and is subject to flooding unless protected

artificially.

Footslope. The position that forms the inner, gently

inclined surface at the base of a hillslope. In

profile, footslopes are commonly concave. A

footslope is a transition zone between upslope

sites of erosion and transport (shoulders and

backslopes) and downslope sites of deposition

(toeslopes).

Forb. Any herbaceous plant not a grass or a sedge.

Forest cover. All trees and other woody plants

(underbrush) covering the ground in a forest.

Forest type. A stand of trees similar in composition

and development because of given physical and

biological factors by which it may be differentiated

from other stands.

Frost action (in tables). Freezing and thawing of soil

moisture. Frost action can damage roads,

buildings and other structures, and plant roots.

Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers

especially to the processes or soil-forming factors

responsible for the formation of the solum, or true

soil, from the unconsolidated parent material.

Geomorphology. The science that treats the general

configuration of the earth’s surface; specifically,

the study of the classification, description, nature,

origin, and development of landforms and their

relationships to underlying structures, and the

history of geologic changes as recorded by these

surface features. The term is especially applied to

the genetic interpretation of landforms.

Glaciofluvial deposits. Material moved by glaciers

and subsequently sorted and deposited by

streams flowing from the melting ice. The deposits

are stratified and occur as kames, eskers, deltas,

and outwash plains.

Glaciolacustrine deposits. Material ranging from fine

clay to sand derived from glaciers and deposited

in glacial lakes mainly by glacial meltwater. Many

deposits are interbedded or laminated.

Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor drainage,

resulting in the reduction of iron and other

elements in the profile and in gray colors.

Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed

waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to

grass as protection against erosion. Conducts

surface water away from cropland.

Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock as

much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6

centimeters) in diameter. An individual piece is a

pebble.

Gravelly soil material. Material that has 15 to 35

percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock

fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as

3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter.

Green manure crop (agronomy). A soil-improving

crop grown to be plowed under in an early stage

of maturity or soon after maturity.

Ground moraine. An extensive, fairly even layer of till

having an uneven or undulating surface; a deposit

of rock and mineral debris dragged along, in, on,

or beneath a glacier and emplaced by processes

including basal lodgment and release from the

downwasting stagnant ice by ablation.

Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores of

the material below the water table.

Gully. A miniature valley with steep sides cut by

running water and through which water ordinarily

runs only after rainfall. The distinction between a

gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is

an obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to

be obliterated by ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser

depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary

tillage.

Head slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of a laterally concave area of a hillside,

especially at the head of a drainageway. The

overland waterflow is converging.

Hemic soil material (mucky peat). Organic soil

material intermediate in degree of decomposition

between the less decomposed fibric material and

the more decomposed sapric material.

Herbaceous peat. An accumulation of organic

material, decomposed to some degree, that is

predominantly the remains of sedges, reeds,

cattails, and other herbaceous plants.

High-chroma zones. Zones having chroma of 3 or

more. Typical colors in areas of iron

concentrations.

High-residue crops. Such crops as small grain and

corn used for grain. If properly managed, residue
Ford County, Illinois 117

from these crops can be used to control erosion

until the next crop in the rotation is established.

These crops return large amounts of organic

matter to the soil.

Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to

the surface, having distinct characteristics

produced by soil-forming processes. In the

identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter

represents the major horizons. Numbers or

lowercase letters that follow represent

subdivisions of the major horizons. An explanation

of the subdivisions is given in the “Soil Survey

Manual.” The major horizons of mineral soil are as

follows:

O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and

decaying plant residue.

A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the

surface in which an accumulation of humified

organic matter is mixed with the mineral material.

Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was

originally part of a B horizon.

E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the main

feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or

some combination of these.

B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an A

horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of

transition from the overlying A to the underlying C

horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive

characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay,

sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these;

(2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or

browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4)

a combination of these.

C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer,

excluding indurated bedrock, that is little affected

by soil-forming processes and does not have the

properties typical of the overlying soil material.

The material of a C horizon may be either like or

unlike that in which the solum formed. If the

material is known to differ from that in the solum,

an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the

letter C.

Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath

the soil.

R layer.—Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil.

The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon, but

it can be directly below an A or a B horizon.

Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable

part of the organic matter in mineral soils.

Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped

according to their runoff potential. The soil

properties that influence this potential are those

that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration on

a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting

when the soil is not frozen. These properties are

depth to a seasonal high water table, the

infiltration rate and permeability after prolonged

wetting, and depth to a very slowly permeable

layer. The slope and the kind of plant cover are not

considered but are separate factors in predicting

runoff.

Igneous rock. Rock formed by solidification from a

molten or partially molten state. Major varieties

include plutonic and volcanic rock. Examples are

andesite, basalt, and granite.

Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one

horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally,

material is removed from an upper horizon and

deposited in a lower horizon.

Impervious soil. A soil through which water, air, or

roots penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is

absolutely impervious to air and water all the time.

Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the

immediate surface of soil or other material, as

contrasted with percolation, which is movement of

water through soil layers or material.

Infiltration capacity. The maximum rate at which

water can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of

conditions.

Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates

the surface of the soil at any given instant, usually

expressed in inches per hour. The rate can be

limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or the

rate at which water is applied at the surface.

Intake rate. The average rate of water entering the

soil under irrigation. Most soils have a fast initial

rate; the rate decreases with application time.

Therefore, intake rate for design purposes is not a

constant but is a variable depending on the net

irrigation application. The rate of water intake, in

inches per hour, is expressed as follows:

Less than 0.2 ............................................... very low

0.2 to 0.4 .............................................................. low

0.4 to 0.75 ......................................... moderately low

0.75 to 1.25 ................................................ moderate

1.25 to 1.75 ..................................... moderately high

1.75 to 2.5 .......................................................... high

More than 2.5 ............................................. very high

Interfluve. An elevated area between two

drainageways that sheds water to those

drainageways.

Intermittent stream. A stream, or reach of a stream,

that flows for prolonged periods only when it

receives ground-water discharge or long,

continued contributions from melting snow or other

surface and shallow subsurface sources.

Iron accumulations. High-chroma zones having a
118 Soil Survey of

high content of iron and manganese oxide

because of chemical oxidation and accumulation

but having a clay content similar to that of the

adjacent matrix. A type of redoximorphic feature.

Iron depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron and manganese oxide because of

chemical reduction and removal, but having a clay

content similar to that of the adjacent matrix. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Leached soil. A soil from which most of the soluble

constituents have been removed from the entire

profile or have been removed from one part of the

profile and have accumulated in another part.

Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or

other material by percolating water.

Linear extensibility. Refers to the change in length of

an unconfined clod as moisture content is

decreased from a moist to a dry state. Linear

extensibility is used to determine the shrink-swell

potential of soils. It is an expression of the volume

change between the water content of the clod at

1

/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension)

and oven dryness. Volume change is influenced by

the amount and type of clay minerals in the soil.

The volume change is the percent change for the

whole soil. If it is expressed as a fraction, the

resulting value is COLE, coefficient of linear

extensibility.

Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil

passes from a plastic to a liquid state.

Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay

particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less

than 52 percent sand particles.

Loamy soil. Coarse sandy loam, sandy loam, fine

sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam,

silt, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam.

Loess. Fine grained material, dominantly of silt-sized

particles, deposited by wind.

Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to

support loads.

Low-chroma zones. Zones having chroma of 2 or

less. Typical colors in areas of iron depletions.

Low-residue crops. Such crops as corn used for

silage, peas, beans, and potatoes. Residue from

these crops is not adequate to control erosion until

the next crop in the rotation is established. These

crops return little organic matter to the soil.

MAP. An abbreviation for mean annual precipitation,

expressed in inches.

Masses. Concentrations of substances in the soil

matrix that do not have a clearly defined boundary

with the surrounding soil material and cannot be

removed as a discrete unit. Common compounds

making up masses are calcium carbonate,

gypsum or other soluble salts, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide. Masses consisting of iron oxide

or manganese oxide generally are considered a

type of redoximorphic concentration.

Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam,

silt loam, or silt.

Metamorphic rock. Rock of any origin altered in

mineralogical composition, chemical composition,

or structure by heat, pressure, and movement.

Nearly all such rocks are crystalline.

Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and

low in organic material. Its bulk density is more

than that of organic soil.

Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop

production and prevention of soil damage.

Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no

natural soil and supports little or no vegetation.

MLRA (Major Land Resource Area). A geographic

area characterized by a particular pattern of land

uses, elevation and topography, soils, climate,

water resources, and potential natural vegetation.

Moderately coarse textured soil. Coarse sandy

loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.

Moderately fine textured soil. Clay loam, sandy clay

loam, or silty clay loam.

Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface

horizon (or horizons) that has high base saturation

and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the

upper part of the subsoil.

Moraine. An accumulation of earth, stones, and other

debris deposited by a glacier. Some types are

terminal, lateral, medial, and ground.

Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil,

including the texture, structure, porosity,

consistence, color, and other physical, mineral,

and biological properties of the various horizons,

and the thickness and arrangement of those

horizons in the soil profile.

Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that

vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are as

follows: abundance—few, common, and many;

size—fine, medium, and coarse; and contrast—

faint, distinct, and prominent. The size

measurements are of the diameter along the

greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than 5

millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to 15

millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and coarse,

more than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inch).

Muck. Dark, finely divided, well decomposed organic

soil material. (See Sapric soil material.)

Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees

of three simple variables—hue, value, and
Ford County, Illinois 119

chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is

a color with hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma

of 4.

Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3.

(See Reaction, soil.)

Nodules. Cemented bodies lacking visible internal

structure. Calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide are common compounds

making up nodules. If formed in place, nodules of

iron oxide or manganese oxide are considered

types of redoximorphic concentrations.

Nose slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of the projecting end (laterally convex

area) of a hillside. The overland waterflow is

predominantly divergent.

Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant

essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,

magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper,

boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and

water.

Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in

various stages of decomposition. The content of

organic matter in the surface layer is described as

follows:

Very low ................................... less than 0.5 percent

Low ................................................ 0.5 to 1.0 percent

Moderately low .............................. 1.0 to 2.0 percent

Moderate ....................................... 2.0 to 4.0 percent

High ............................................... 4.0 to 8.0 percent

Very high ............................... more than 8.0 percent

Outwash. Gravel, sand, and silt, commonly stratified,

deposited by glacial meltwater.

Outwash plain. A landform of mainly sandy or coarse

textured material of glaciofluvial origin. An

outwash plain is commonly smooth; where pitted,

it generally is low in relief.

Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and

mineral material in which soil forms.

Peat. Unconsolidated material, largely undecomposed

organic matter, that has accumulated under

excess moisture. (See Fibric soil material.)

Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a

granule, a prism, or a block.

Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a soil.”

A pedon is three dimensional and large enough to

permit study of all horizons. Its area ranges from

about 10 to 100 square feet (1 square meter to 10

square meters), depending on the variability of the

soil.

Percolation. The movement of water through the soil.

Percs slowly (in tables). The slow movement of water

through the soil adversely affects the specified

use.

Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables water

or air to move downward through the profile. The

rate at which a saturated soil transmits water is

accepted as a measure of this quality. In soil

physics, the rate is referred to as “saturated

hydraulic conductivity,” which is defined in the “Soil

Survey Manual.” In line with conventional usage in

the engineering profession and with traditional

usage in published soil surveys, this rate of flow

continues to be expressed as “permeability.” Terms

describing permeability, measured in inches per

hour, are as follows:

Extremely slow ................................. 0.0 to 0.01 inch

Very slow ........................................ 0.01 to 0.06 inch

Slow.................................................. 0.06 to 0.2 inch

Moderately slow ................................. 0.2 to 0.6 inch

Moderate ................................ 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches

Moderately rapid ............................ 2.0 to 6.0 inches

Rapid ............................................... 6.0 to 20 inches

Very rapid ................................. more than 20 inches

pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and

alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.)

Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on

features that affect its use and management, such

as slope, stoniness, and flooding.

Piping (in tables). Formation of subsurface tunnels or

pipelike cavities by water moving through the soil.

Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil

changes from semisolid to plastic.

Plasticity index. The numerical difference between

the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of

moisture content within which the soil remains

plastic.

Plowpan. A compacted layer formed in the soil

directly below the plowed layer.

Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed

depressions. Unless the soils are artificially

drained, the water can be removed only by

percolation or evapotranspiration.

Poor filter (in tables). Because of rapid or very rapid

permeability, the soil may not adequately filter

effluent from a waste disposal system.

Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil

material consisting mainly of particles of nearly

the same size. Because there is little difference in

size of the particles, density can be increased only

slightly by compaction.

Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for

producing a specified plant or sequence of plants

under specific management.

Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending
120 Soil Survey of

through all its horizons and into the parent

material.

Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a

soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to pH

7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction

because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The

degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH

values, are:

Ultra acid .............................................. less than 3.5

Extremely acid ........................................... 3.5 to 4.4

Very strongly acid ...................................... 4.5 to 5.0

Strongly acid .............................................. 5.1 to 5.5

Moderately acid .......................................... 5.6 to 6.0

Slightly acid ................................................ 6.1 to 6.5

Neutral ........................................................ 6.6 to 7.3

Slightly alkaline .......................................... 7.4 to 7.8

Moderately alkaline .................................... 7.9 to 8.4

Strongly alkaline ........................................ 8.5 to 9.0

Very strongly alkaline ......................... 9.1 and higher

Redoximorphic concentrations. Nodules,

concretions, soft masses, pore linings, and other

features resulting from the accumulation of iron or

manganese oxide. An indication of chemical

reduction and oxidation resulting from saturation.

Redoximorphic depletions. Low-chroma zones from

which iron and manganese oxide or a combination

of iron and manganese oxide and clay has been

removed. These zones are indications of the

chemical reduction of iron resulting from

saturation.

Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic

concentrations, redoximorphic depletions, reduced

matrices, a positive reaction to alpha,alphadipyridyl, and other features indicating the

chemical reduction and oxidation of iron and

manganese compounds resulting from saturation.

Reduced matrix. A soil matrix that has low chroma in

situ because of chemically reduced iron (Fe II).

The chemical reduction results from nearly

continuous wetness. The matrix undergoes a

change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after

exposure to air as the iron is oxidized (Fe III). A

type of redoximorphic feature.

Regolith. The unconsolidated mantle of weathered

rock and soil material on the earth’s surface; the

loose earth material above the solid rock.

Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land surface,

considered collectively.

Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated,

weathered or partly weathered mineral material

that accumulated as consolidated rock

disintegrated in place.

Rill. A steep-sided channel resulting from accelerated

erosion. A rill generally is a few inches deep and

not wide enough to be an obstacle to farm

machinery.

Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having a

diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example,

pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders.

Root zone. The part of the soil that can be penetrated

by plant roots.

Rooting depth (in tables). Shallow root zone. The soil

is shallow over a layer that greatly restricts roots.

Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream

channels from an area. The water that flows off the

surface of the land without sinking into the soil is

called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil

before reaching surface streams is called groundwater runoff or seepage flow from ground water.

Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral

fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in

diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a

soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or more

sand and not more than 10 percent clay.

Sapric soil material (muck). The most highly

decomposed of all organic soil material. Muck has

the least amount of plant fiber, the highest bulk

density, and the lowest water content at saturation

of all organic soil material.

Saturation. Wetness characterized by zero or positive

pressure of the soil water. Under conditions of

saturation, the water will flow from the soil matrix

into an unlined auger hole.

Seasonal high water table. A zone of saturation at

the highest average depth during the wettest

season. It is at least 6 inches thick and persists in

the soil for more than a few weeks.

Second bottom. The first terrace above the normal

flood plain (or first bottom) of a river.

Sedimentary rock. Rock made up of particles

deposited from suspension in water. The chief

kinds of sedimentary rock are conglomerate,

formed from gravel; sandstone, formed from sand;

shale, formed from clay; and limestone, formed

from soft masses of calcium carbonate. There are

many intermediate types. Some wind-deposited

sand is consolidated into sandstone.

Seepage (in tables). The movement of water through

the soil. Seepage adversely affects the specified

use.

Sequum. A sequence consisting of an illuvial horizon

and the overlying eluvial horizon. (See Eluviation.)

Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that are

almost alike, except for differences in texture of

the surface layer. All the soils of a series have

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.
Ford County, Illinois 121

Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer of

soil material from the land surface by the action of

rainfall and surface runoff.

Shoulder. The position that forms the uppermost

inclined surface near the top of a hillslope. It is a

transition from backslope to summit. The surface

is dominantly convex in profile and erosional in

origin.

Shrink-swell (in tables). The shrinking of soil when

dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and

swelling can damage roads, dams, building

foundations, and other structures. It can also

damage plant roots.

Side slope. A geomorphic component of hills

consisting of a laterally planar area of a hillside.

The overland waterflow is predominantly parallel.

Silica. A combination of silicon and oxygen. The

mineral form is called quartz.

Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles

that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay

(0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine

sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil

that is 80 percent or more silt and less than 12

percent clay.

Siltstone. Sedimentary rock made up of dominantly

silt-sized particles.

Similar soils. Soils that share limits of diagnostic

criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner,

and have similar conservation needs or

management requirements for the major land uses

in the survey area.

Site index. A designation of the quality of a forest site

based on the height of the dominant stand at an

arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the average

height attained by dominant and codominant trees

in a fully stocked stand at the age of 50 years is

75 feet, the site index is 75.

Slickensides. Polished and grooved surfaces

produced by one mass sliding past another. In

soils, slickensides may occur at the bases of slip

surfaces on the steeper slopes; on faces of blocks,

prisms, and columns; and in swelling clayey soils,

where there is marked change in moisture

content.

Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the

horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical

distance divided by horizontal distance, then

multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a

drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance.

Slope (in tables). Slope is great enough that special

practices are required to ensure satisfactory

performance of the soil for a specific use.

Slow intake (in tables). The slow movement of water

into the soil.

Slow refill (in tables). The slow filling of ponds,

resulting from restricted permeability in the soil.

Small stones (in tables). Rock fragments less than 3

inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter. Small stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s

surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has

properties resulting from the integrated effect of

climate and living matter acting on earthy parent

material, as conditioned by relief and by the

passage of time.

Soil quality. The fitness of a specific kind of soil to

function within its surroundings, support plant and

animal productivity, maintain or enhance water

and air quality, and support human health and

habitation.

Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2

millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging

between specified size limits. The names and

sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in

the United States are as follows:

Very coarse sand ....................................... 2.0 to 1.0

Coarse sand ............................................... 1.0 to 0.5

Medium sand ........................................... 0.5 to 0.25

Fine sand ............................................... 0.25 to 0.10

Very fine sand ........................................ 0.10 to 0.05

Silt ........................................................ 0.05 to 0.002

Clay .................................................. less than 0.002

Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C

horizon, in which the processes of soil formation

are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E,

and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of

the material in these horizons are unlike those of

the material below the solum. The living roots and

plant and animal activities are largely confined to

the solum.

Stones. Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to 60

centimeters) in diameter if rounded or 15 to 24

inches (38 to 60 centimeters) in length if flat.

Stony. Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers

that interfere with or prevent tillage.

Stream channel. The hollow bed where a natural

stream of surface water flows or may flow; the

deepest or central part of the bed, formed by the

main current and covered more or less

continuously by water.

Stream terrace. One of a series of platforms in a

stream valley, flanking and more or less parallel to

the stream channel. It originally formed near the

level of the stream and is the dissected remnants

of an abandoned flood plain, streambed, or valley

floor that were produced during a former stage of

erosion or deposition.
122 Soil Survey of

Stripcropping. Growing crops in a systematic

arrangement of strips or bands that provide

vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water

erosion.

Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil

particles into compound particles or aggregates.

The principal forms of soil structure are—platy

(laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of aggregates

longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with

rounded tops), blocky (angular or subangular),

and granular. Structureless soils are either single

grain (each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or

massive (the particles adhering without any

regular cleavage, as in many hardpans).

Stubble mulch. Stubble or other crop residue left on

the soil or partly worked into the soil. It protects

the soil from wind erosion and water erosion after

harvest, during preparation of a seedbed for the

next crop, and during the early growing period of

the new crop.

Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of

the solum below plow depth.

Subsoiling. Tilling a soil below normal plow depth,

ordinarily to shatter a hardpan or claypan.

Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum.

Subsurface layer. Any surface soil horizon (A, E, AB,

or EB) below the surface layer.

Summit. The topographically highest position of a

hillslope. It has a nearly level (planar or only

slightly convex) surface.

Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or

its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth

from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters).

Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the

“Ap horizon.”

Surface soil. The A, E, AB, and EB horizons,

considered collectively. It includes all subdivisions

of these horizons.

Swale. A slight depression in the midst of generally

level land. A shallow depression in an undulating

ground moraine caused by uneven glacial

deposition.

Taxadjuncts. Soils that cannot be classified in a

series recognized in the classification system.

Such soils are named for a series they strongly

resemble and are designated as taxadjuncts to

that series because they differ in ways too small to

be of consequence in interpreting their use and

behavior. Soils are recognized as taxadjuncts only

when one or more of their characteristics are

slightly outside the range defined for the family of

the series for which the soils are named.

Terminal moraine. A belt of thick drift that generally

marks the termination of important glacial

advances. It commonly is a massive, arcuate ridge

or complex of ridges underlain by till and other

types of drift.

Terrace. An embankment, or ridge, constructed

across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight

angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts

surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or

flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a

field generally is built so that the field can be

farmed. A terrace intended mainly for drainage

has a deep channel that is maintained in

permanent sod.

Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily flat

or undulating, bordering a river, a lake, or the sea.

Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt,

and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic

textural classes, in order of increasing proportion

of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy

loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay

loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and

clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam

classes may be further divided by specifying

“coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.”

Thin layer (in tables). Otherwise suitable soil material

that is too thin for the specified use.

Till. Unsorted, nonstratified drift consisting of clay, silt,

sand, and boulders transported and deposited by

glacial ice.

Till plain. An extensive area of nearly level to

undulating soils underlain by till.

Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as related

to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling

emergence, and root penetration.

Toeslope. The position that forms the gently inclined

surface at the base of a hillslope. Toeslopes in

profile are commonly gentle and linear and are

constructional surfaces forming the lower part of a

hillslope continuum that grades to valley or closeddepression floors.

Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the most

favorable material for plant growth. It is ordinarily

rich in organic matter and is used to topdress

roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by mining.

Trace elements. Chemical elements, for example,

zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, in soils

in extremely small amounts. They are essential to

plant growth.

Upland. Land at a higher elevation, in general, than

the alluvial plain or stream terrace; land above the

lowlands along streams.

Valley fill. In glaciated regions, material deposited in

stream valleys by glacial meltwater. In

nonglaciated regions, alluvium deposited by

heavily loaded streams.
Ford County, Illinois 123

Variegation. Refers to patterns of contrasting colors

assumed to be inherited from the parent material

rather than to be the result of poor drainage.

Weathering. All physical and chemical changes

produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the

earth’s surface by atmospheric agents. These

changes result in disintegration and

decomposition of the material.

Well graded. Refers to soil material consisting of

coarse grained particles that are well distributed

over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil

normally can be easily increased in density and

bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with

poorly graded soil.

Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The

moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at

which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so

much that it does not recover when placed in a

humid, dark chamber.

Windthrow. The uprooting and tipping over of trees by

the wind.

125

Tables
126 Soil Survey of

Table 1.--Temperature and Precipitation

(Recorded in the period 1971-2000 at Gibson City, Illinois)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 | Temperature | Precipitation

 | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | 2 years in | | |2 years in 10| |

 | | | | 10 will have-- | | | will have-- | | _______________________ _____________

 Month |Average|Average|Average| | | Average |Average| | | Average |Average

 | daily | daily | | Maximum | Minimum |number of| | Less | More |number of|snowfall

 |maximum|minimum| |temperature|temperature| growing | |than--|than--|days with|

 | | | | higher | lower | degree | | | |0.10 inch|

 | | | | than-- | than-- | days* | | | | or more | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | oF | oF | oF | oF | oF | Units | In | In | In | | In

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 January----| 31.7 | 15.9 | 23.8 | 59 | -16 | 0 | 1.60 | 0.64| 2.49| 4 | 7.2

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 February---| 37.2 | 20.3 | 28.7 | 66 | -10 | 2 | 1.59 | .48| 2.61| 3 | 5.6

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 March------| 48.4 | 29.1 | 38.8 | 80 | 7 | 32 | 2.99 | 1.44| 4.36| 6 | 2.2

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 April------| 60.7 | 38.3 | 49.5 | 85 | 17 | 111 | 3.31 | 1.95| 4.54| 7 | .7

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 May--------| 72.8 | 50.1 | 61.4 | 91 | 32 | 362 | 4.07 | 2.37| 5.62| 7 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 June-------| 82.2 | 59.8 | 71.0 | 97 | 43 | 632 | 4.04 | 1.79| 6.25| 6 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 July-------| 84.7 | 63.0 | 73.9 | 98 | 49 | 742 | 3.74 | 1.78| 5.64| 6 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 August-----| 83.2 | 60.2 | 71.7 | 97 | 44 | 672 | 3.91 | 2.01| 5.53| 5 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 September--| 77.4 | 51.5 | 64.4 | 94 | 32 | 438 | 2.83 | 1.35| 4.04| 4 | .0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 October----| 64.7 | 40.1 | 52.4 | 85 | 22 | 154 | 2.66 | 1.34| 3.69| 5 | .1

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 November---| 48.9 | 30.9 | 39.9 | 73 | 11 | 28 | 3.01 | 1.39| 4.52| 6 | 1.6

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 December---| 35.5 | 19.8 | 27.7 | 64 | -10 | 5 | 2.54 | 1.15| 3.90| 5 | 5.7

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Average---| 60.6 | 39.9 | 50.3 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Extreme---| 103 | -25 | --- | 99 | -19 | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Total-----| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3,177 | 36.29 | 30.28| 41.69| 64 | 23.1

 | | | | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * A growing degree day is a unit of heat available for plant growth. It can be calculated by adding the

maximum and minimum daily temperatures, dividing the sum by 2, and subtracting the temperature below which

growth is minimal for the principal crops in the area (50 degrees F).
Ford County, Illinois 127

Table 2.--Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall

 (Recorded in the period 1971-2000 at Gibson City, Illinois)

_____________________________________________________________

 |

 | Temperature

 |__________________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 oF

 | or lower | or lower | or lower _____________________________________________________________

 | | |

 | | |

Last freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in spring: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 18 | Apr. 25 | May 4

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 12 | Apr. 20 | Apr. 29

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 2 | Apr. 10 | Apr. 19

 | | |

First freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in fall: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Oct. 18 | Oct. 1 | Sept. 23

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Oct. 24 | Oct. 7 | Sept. 27

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Nov. 3 | Oct. 17 | Oct. 6

 | | | _____________________________________________________________

Table 3.--Growing Season

(Recorded in the period 1971-2000 at Gibson City,

 Illinois)

__________________________________________________

 |

 | Daily minimum temperature

 | during growing season

 |___________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | Higher | Higher | Higher

 | than | than | than

 | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 o __________________________________________________ F

 | Days | Days | Days

 | | |

9 years in 10 | 192 | 166 | 151

 | | |

8 years in 10 | 199 | 174 | 158

 | | |

5 years in 10 | 214 | 190 | 170

 | | |

2 years in 10 | 229 | 205 | 182

 | | |

1 year in 10 | 237 | 213 | 189

 | | | __________________________________________________
128 Soil Survey of

Table 4.--Classification of the Soils

(An asterisk in the first column indicates a taxadjunct. See text for a description of those

 characteristics that are outside the range of the series)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

 | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Ashkum--------------------|Fine, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

 Blount--------------------|Fine, illitic, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs

 Brenton-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

 Bryce---------------------|Fine, mixed, superactive, mesic Vertic Endoaquolls

 Camden--------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

 Chatsworth----------------|Fine, illitic, mesic Oxyaquic Eutrudepts

 Chenoa--------------------|Fine, illitic, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

*Clarence------------------|Fine, illitic, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

*Dana----------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

 Del Rey-------------------|Fine, illitic, mesic Aeric Epiaqualfs

 Drummer-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

*Elliott-------------------|Fine, illitic, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

*Graymont------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

 Harpster------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Calciaquolls

 Houghton------------------|Euic, mesic Typic Haplosaprists

 La Hogue------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

 Martinsville--------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

 Martinton-----------------|Fine, illitic, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

 Milford-------------------|Fine, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

 Mokena--------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

 Onarga--------------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls

 Orthents, clayey----------|Fine, mixed, active, nonacid, mesic Aquic Udorthents

 Orthents, loamy-----------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, nonacid, mesic Oxyaquic Udorthents

 Ozaukee-------------------|Fine, illitic, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

*Parr----------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

 Pella---------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

 Penfield------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls

 Peotone-------------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Cumulic Vertic Endoaquolls

 Proctor-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls

 Rantoul-------------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Cumulic Vertic Endoaquolls

 Raub----------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

 Ridgeville----------------|Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

 Rowe----------------------|Fine, mixed, superactive, mesic Vertic Argiaquolls

 Rutland-------------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

 Sawmill-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Endoaquolls

 Selma---------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

*Swygert-------------------|Fine, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

 Symerton------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

*Varna---------------------|Fine, illitic, mesic Oxyaquic Argiudolls

 Zook----------------------|Fine, smectitic, mesic Cumulic Vertic Endoaquolls

 | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ford County, Illinois 129

Table 5.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

23A |Blount silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------| 644 | 0.2

23B2 |Blount silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes, eroded--------------------------| 151 | *

56B |Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes------------------------------------| 3,372 | 1.1

56B2 |Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded----------------------------| 182 | *

67A |Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------| 331 | 0.1

69A |Milford silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------| 22,546 | 7.2

91A |Swygert silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------| 15,639 | 5.0

91B2 |Swygert silty clay loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes, eroded-------------------| 9,060 | 2.9

102A |La Hogue loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 606 | 0.2

125A |Selma loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------------| 1,996 | 0.6

134A |Camden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------| 719 | 0.2

146A |Elliott silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------| 28,714 | 9.2

146B2 |Elliott silty clay loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes, eroded-------------------| 14,735 | 4.7

147A |Clarence silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------| 4,841 | 1.6

147B2 |Clarence silty clay loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes, eroded------------------| 3,888 | 1.2

148B |Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes---------------------------------| 2,610 | 0.8

148B2 |Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded-------------------------| 21 | *

149A |Brenton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------| 8,566 | 2.7

150B |Onarga fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes----------------------------| 161 | *

151A |Ridgeville fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------| 296 | *

152A |Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------| 32,134 | 10.3

153A |Pella silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-----------------------------| 23,038 | 7.4

189A |Martinton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes-------------------------------| 3,157 | 1.0

192A |Del Rey silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------------| 971 | 0.3

221C2 |Parr silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded---------------------------| 163 | *

221C3 |Parr clay loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, severely eroded------------------| 461 | 0.1

223B2 |Varna silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes, eroded---------------------------| 668 | 0.2

223C2 |Varna silt loam, 4 to 6 percent slopes, eroded---------------------------| 547 | 0.2

230A |Rowe silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------------| 12,591 | 4.0

232A |Ashkum silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------| 47,764 | 15.3

235A |Bryce silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------| 46,018 | 14.7

238A |Rantoul silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------------| 1,253 | 0.4

241C3 |Chatsworth silty clay, 4 to 6 percent slopes, severely eroded------------| 2,585 | 0.8

241D3 |Chatsworth silty clay, 6 to 12 percent slopes, severely eroded-----------| 358 | 0.1

294B |Symerton silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes--------------------------------| 452 | 0.1

295A |Mokena silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------------| 2 | *

330A |Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------| 2,424 | 0.8

375A |Rutland silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes---------------------------| 2,044 | 0.7

375B |Rutland silty clay loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes---------------------------| 7,126 | 2.3

481A |Raub silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------------------------------------| 3,145 | 1.0

530B |Ozaukee silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes---------------------------------| 335 | 0.1

530D2 |Ozaukee silt loam, 6 to 12 percent slopes, eroded------------------------| 72 | *

530E2 |Ozaukee silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded-----------------------| 22 | *

541B2 |Graymont silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded------------------------| 120 | *

570C2 |Martinsville loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded------------------------| 19 | *

614A |Chenoa silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes----------------------------| 196 | *

687B |Penfield loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 641 | 0.2

802B |Orthents, loamy, undulating----------------------------------------------| 251 | *

805B |Orthents, clayey, undulating---------------------------------------------| 118 | *

865 |Pits, gravel-------------------------------------------------------------| 179 | *

1103A |Houghton muck, undrained, 0 to 2 percent slopes--------------------------| 367 | 0.1

3107A |Sawmill silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded-------| 2,778 | 0.9

3405A |Zook silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded---------------| 813 | 0.3

W |Water--------------------------------------------------------------------| 430 | 0.1

 | |____________|________

 | Total---------------------------------------------------------------| 312,320 | 100.0

 | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * Less than 0.1 percent.
130 Soil Survey of

Table 6.--Limitations and Hazards Affecting Cropland and Pastureland

(See text for a description of the limitations and hazards listed in this table.

 Miscellaneous areas and map units that are generally not available for production

 of crops or pasture are not listed. Absence of an entry indicates that the map

 unit is generally not suited to use as cropland or pastureland)

________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | |

 and | Limitations and hazards | Limitations and hazards

 soil name | affecting cropland | affecting pastureland

 | | ________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

23A: | |

 Blount-------------------|Wetness, root-restrictive |Wetness, root-restrictive

 | layer, crusting, restricted | layer, low pH, frost heave

 | permeability |

 | |

23B2: | |

 Blount-------------------|Wetness, root-restrictive |Wetness, root-restrictive

 | layer, crusting, water | layer, low pH, water erosion,

 | erosion, restricted | frost heave

 | permeability |

 | |

56B: | |

 Dana---------------------|Water erosion |Low pH, water erosion, frost

 | | heave

 | |

56B2: | |

 Dana---------------------|Water erosion |Low pH, water erosion, frost

 | | heave

 | |

67A: | |

 Harpster-----------------|Ponding, poor tilth, excess |Ponding, excess lime, frost

 | lime | heave

 | |

69A: | |

 Milford------------------|Ponding, poor tilth |Ponding, frost heave

 | |

91A: | |

 Swygert------------------|Wetness, root-restrictive |Wetness, root-restrictive

 | layer, poor tilth, | layer, frost heave

 | restricted permeability |

 | |

91B2: | |

 Swygert------------------|Wetness, root-restrictive |Wetness, root-restrictive

 | layer, poor tilth, water | layer, water erosion, frost

 | erosion, restricted | heave

 | permeability |

 | |

102A: | |

 La Hogue-----------------|Wetness |Wetness, low pH, frost heave

 | |

125A: | |

 Selma--------------------|Ponding |Ponding, frost heave

 | |

134A: | |

 Camden-------------------|Crusting |Low pH, frost heave

 | |

146A: | |

 Elliott------------------|Wetness, root-restrictive |Wetness, root-restrictive

 | layer | layer, frost heave

 | |

146B2: | |

 Elliott------------------|Wetness, root-restrictive |Wetness, root-restrictive

 | layer, poor tilth, water | layer, water erosion, frost

 | erosion, restricted | heave

 | permeability |

 | |
Ford County, Illinois 131

Table 6.--Limitations and Hazards Affecting Cropland and Pastureland--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | |

 and | Limitations and hazards | Limitations and hazards

 soil name | affecting cropland | affecting pastureland

 | | ________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

147A: | |

 Clarence-----------------|Wetness, root-restrictive |Wetness, root-restrictive

 | layer, poor tilth, limited | layer, limited available

 | available water capacity, | water capacity, frost heave

 | restricted permeability |

 | |

147B2: | |

 Clarence-----------------|Wetness, root-restrictive |Wetness, root-restrictive

 | layer, poor tilth, limited | layer, limited available

 | available water capacity, | water capacity, water

 | water erosion, restricted | erosion, frost heave

 | permeability |

 | |

148B: | |

 Proctor------------------|Water erosion |Low pH, water erosion, frost

 | | heave

 | |

148B2: | |

 Proctor------------------|Water erosion |Low pH, water erosion, frost

 | | heave

 | |

149A: | |

 Brenton------------------|Wetness |Wetness, frost heave

 | |

150B: | |

 Onarga-------------------|Water erosion, excessive |Low pH, water erosion, frost

 | permeability | heave

 | |

151A: | |

 Ridgeville---------------|Wetness, excessive |Wetness, frost heave

 | permeability |

 | |

152A: | |

 Drummer------------------|Ponding, poor tilth |Ponding, frost heave

 | |

153A: | |

 Pella--------------------|Ponding, poor tilth |Ponding, frost heave

 | |

189A: | |

 Martinton----------------|Wetness |Wetness, frost heave

 | |

192A: | |

 Del Rey------------------|Wetness, crusting, restricted |Wetness, low pH, frost heave

 | permeability |

 | |

221C2: | |

 Parr---------------------|Crusting, water erosion |Water erosion, frost heave

 | |

221C3: | |

 Parr---------------------|Poor tilth, crusting, water |Water erosion, frost heave

 | erosion |

 | |

223B2: | |

 Varna--------------------|Root-restrictive layer, |Root-restrictive layer, water

 | crusting, water erosion, | erosion, frost heave

 | restricted permeability |

 | |

223C2: | |

 Varna--------------------|Root-restrictive layer, |Root-restrictive layer, water

 | crusting, water erosion, | erosion, frost heave

 | restricted permeability |

 | |
132 Soil Survey of

Table 6.--Limitations and Hazards Affecting Cropland and Pastureland--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | |

 and | Limitations and hazards | Limitations and hazards

 soil name | affecting cropland | affecting pastureland

 | | ________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

230A: | |

 Rowe---------------------|Ponding, poor tilth, |Ponding, low pH, frost heave

 | restricted permeability |

 | |

232A: | |

 Ashkum-------------------|Ponding, poor tilth |Ponding, frost heave

 | |

235A: | |

 Bryce--------------------|Ponding, poor tilth, |Ponding, frost heave

 | restricted permeability |

 | |

238A: | |

 Rantoul------------------|Ponding, poor tilth, |Ponding, frost heave

 | restricted permeability |

 | |

241C3: | |

 Chatsworth---------------| --- |Root-restrictive layer, water

 | | erosion, limited available

 | | water capacity, low

 | | fertility, excess lime, frost

 | | heave

 | |

241D3. | |

 Chatsworth | |

 | |

294B: | |

 Symerton-----------------|Water erosion, restricted |Water erosion, frost heave

 | permeability |

 | |

295A: | |

 Mokena-------------------|Wetness, root-restrictive |Wetness, root-restrictive

 | layer, restricted | layer, frost heave

 | permeability |

 | |

330A: | |

 Peotone------------------|Ponding, poor tilth |Ponding, frost heave

 | |

375A: | |

 Rutland------------------|Wetness, poor tilth |Wetness, low pH, frost heave

 | |

375B: | |

 Rutland------------------|Wetness, poor tilth, water |Wetness, low pH, water

 | erosion, restricted | erosion, frost heave

 | permeability |

 | |

481A: | |

 Raub---------------------|Wetness |Wetness, frost heave

 | |

530B: | |

 Ozaukee------------------|Root-restrictive layer, |Root-restrictive layer, water

 | crusting, water erosion, | erosion, frost heave

 | restricted permeability |

 | |

530D2: | |

 Ozaukee------------------|Root-restrictive layer, |Root-restrictive layer, water

 | crusting, water erosion, | erosion, equipment

 | restricted permeability | limitation, frost heave

 | |

530E2: | |

 Ozaukee------------------|Root-restrictive layer, |Equipment limitation, root-

 | crusting, water erosion, | restrictive layer, water

 | restricted permeability | erosion, frost heave

 | |
Ford County, Illinois 133

Table 6.--Limitations and Hazards Affecting Cropland and Pastureland--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 Map symbol | |

 and | Limitations and hazards | Limitations and hazards

 soil name | affecting cropland | affecting pastureland

 | | ________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

541B2: | |

 Graymont-----------------|Water erosion, restricted |Water erosion, frost heave

 | permeability |

 | |

570C2: | |

 Martinsville-------------|Water erosion |Low pH, water erosion, frost

 | | heave

 | |

614A: | |

 Chenoa-------------------|Wetness, poor tilth, |Wetness, frost heave

 | restricted permeability |

 | |

687B: | |

 Penfield-----------------|Water erosion |Low pH, water erosion, frost

 | | heave

 | |

802B: | |

 Orthents, loamy----------|Crusting, water erosion |Water erosion, frost heave

 | |

805B: | |

 Orthents, clayey---------|Poor tilth, crusting, water |Water erosion, limited

 | erosion, limited available | available water capacity,

 | water capacity, restricted | frost heave

 | permeability |

 | |

1103A. | |

 Houghton | |

 | |

3107A: | |

 Sawmill------------------|Flooding, ponding, poor tilth |Flooding, ponding, frost

 | | heave

 | |

3405A: | |

 Zook---------------------|Flooding, ponding, poor tilth,|Flooding, ponding, frost

 | restricted permeability | heave

 | | ________________________________________________________________________________________
134 Soil Survey of

Table 7.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture

(Yields are those that can be expected under a high level of management. They are for nonirrigated areas.

 Absence of a yield indicates that the soil is not suited to the crop or the crop generally is not grown

 on the soil)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans |Winter wheat| Oats |Grass-legume|Grass-legume

 and soil name |capability| | | | | hay | pasture ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Bu | Bu | Bu | Tons | AUM*

 | | | | | | |

23A: | | | | | | |

 Blount--------------| 2w | 106 | 35 | 48 | 64 | 4.3 | 7.2

 | | | | | | |

23B2: | | | | | | |

 Blount--------------| 2e | 102 | 34 | 46 | 61 | 4.1 | 6.9

 | | | | | | |

56B: | | | | | | |

 Dana----------------| 2e | 142 | 45 | 59 | 84 | 5.4 | 9.1

 | | | | | | |

56B2: | | | | | | |

 Dana----------------| 2e | 137 | 43 | 58 | 82 | 5.3 | 8.8

 | | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | | |

 Harpster------------| 2w | 136 | 44 | 52 | 74 | 5.0 | 8.3

 | | | | | | |

69A: | | | | | | |

 Milford-------------| 2w | 131 | 48 | 56 | 81 | 5.2 | 8.7

 | | | | | | |

91A: | | | | | | |

 Swygert-------------| 2w | 114 | 39 | 51 | 73 | 4.5 | 7.5

 | | | | | | |

91B2: | | | | | | |

 Swygert-------------| 2e | 107 | 37 | 48 | 69 | 4.2 | 7.1

 | | | | | | |

102A: | | | | | | |

 La Hogue------------| 1 | 129 | 43 | 56 | 80 | 5.2 | 8.7

 | | | | | | |

125A: | | | | | | |

 Selma---------------| 2w | 136 | 44 | 53 | 76 | 5.0 | 8.3

 | | | | | | |

134A: | | | | | | |

 Camden--------------| 1 | 125 | 39 | 55 | 72 | 5.0 | 8.3

 | | | | | | |

146A: | | | | | | |

 Elliott-------------| 2w | 128 | 45 | 55 | 79 | 5.1 | 8.5

 | | | | | | |

146B2: | | | | | | |

 Elliott-------------| 2e | 123 | 43 | 53 | 76 | 4.9 | 8.2

 | | | | | | |

147A: | | | | | | |

 Clarence------------| 3w | 100 | 35 | 47 | 66 | 4.1 | 6.8

 | | | | | | |

147B2: | | | | | | |

 Clarence------------| 3e | 96 | 34 | 45 | 63 | 3.9 | 6.5

 | | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | | |

 Proctor-------------| 2e | 143 | 44 | 58 | 87 | 5.4 | 9.1

 | | | | | | |

148B2: | | | | | | |

 Proctor-------------| 2e | 138 | 42 | 57 | 84 | 5.3 | 8.8

 | | | | | | |

149A: | | | | | | |

 Brenton-------------| 1 | 160 | 47 | 62 | 91 | 5.9 | 9.8

 | | | | | | |

150B: | | | | | | |

 Onarga--------------| 2e | 109 | 36 | 48 | 73 | 4.2 | 6.9

 | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
Ford County, Illinois 135

Table 7.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans |Winter wheat| Oats |Grass-legume|Grass-legume

 and soil name |capability| | | | | hay | pasture ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Bu | Bu | Bu | Tons | AUM*

 | | | | | | |

151A: | | | | | | |

 Ridgeville----------| 2s | 115 | 40 | 53 | 75 | 4.6 | 7.7

 | | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | | |

 Drummer-------------| 2w | 154 | 51 | 61 | 83 | 5.5 | 9.2

 | | | | | | |

153A: | | | | | | |

 Pella---------------| 2w | 140 | 48 | 56 | 78 | 5.2 | 8.7

 | | | | | | |

189A: | | | | | | |

 Martinton-----------| 2w | 135 | 49 | 57 | 84 | 5.3 | 8.8

 | | | | | | |

192A: | | | | | | |

 Del Rey-------------| 2w | 115 | 37 | 49 | 69 | 4.5 | 7.5

 | | | | | | |

221C2: | | | | | | |

 Parr----------------| 3e | 121 | 41 | 54 | 73 | 5.0 | 8.3

 | | | | | | |

221C3: | | | | | | |

 Parr----------------| 4e | 112 | 38 | 50 | 68 | 4.6 | 7.7

 | | | | | | |

223B2: | | | | | | |

 Varna---------------| 2e | 118 | 39 | 51 | 72 | 4.6 | 7.7

 | | | | | | |

223C2: | | | | | | |

 Varna---------------| 3e | 117 | 39 | 50 | 71 | 4.6 | 7.6

 | | | | | | |

230A: | | | | | | |

 Rowe----------------| 3w | 108 | 40 | 45 | 63 | 4.0 | 6.7

 | | | | | | |

232A: | | | | | | |

 Ashkum--------------| 2w | 130 | 47 | 54 | 79 | 5.0 | 8.3

 | | | | | | |

235A: | | | | | | |

 Bryce---------------| 2w | 120 | 43 | 48 | 70 | 4.4 | 7.3

 | | | | | | |

238A: | | | | | | |

 Rantoul-------------| 3w | 99 | 35 | 36 | 50 | 3.2 | 5.3

 | | | | | | |

241C3: | | | | | | |

 Chatsworth----------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.6 | 2.7

 | | | | | | |

241D3: | | | | | | |

 Chatsworth----------| 7e | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.6 | 2.6

 | | | | | | |

294B: | | | | | | |

 Symerton------------| 2e | 135 | 44 | 58 | 82 | 5.3 | 8.9

 | | | | | | |

295A: | | | | | | |

 Mokena--------------| 2w | 126 | 41 | 55 | 77 | 4.7 | 7.8

 | | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | | |

 Peotone-------------| 2w | 123 | 42 | 43 | 58 | 4.2 | 7.0

 | | | | | | |

375A: | | | | | | |

 Rutland-------------| 2w | 132 | 45 | 59 | 84 | 5.3 | 8.8

 | | | | | | |

375B: | | | | | | |

 Rutland-------------| 2e | 131 | 45 | 58 | 83 | 5.2 | 8.7

 | | | | | | |

 See footnote at end of table.
136 Soil Survey of

Table 7.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans |Winter wheat| Oats |Grass-legume|Grass-legume

 and soil name |capability| | | | | hay | pasture ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | Bu | Bu | Bu | Bu | Tons | AUM*

 | | | | | | |

481A: | | | | | | |

 Raub----------------| 1 | 155 | 51 | 63 | 92 | 6.1 | 10.2

 | | | | | | |

530B: | | | | | | |

 Ozaukee-------------| 2e | 105 | 32 | 47 | 75 | 4.3 | 7.1

 | | | | | | |

530D2: | | | | | | |

 Ozaukee-------------| 3e | 99 | 30 | 44 | 71 | 4.0 | 6.7

 | | | | | | |

530E2: | | | | | | |

 Ozaukee-------------| 4e | 91 | 28 | 40 | 65 | 3.7 | 6.2

 | | | | | | |

541B2: | | | | | | |

 Graymont------------| 2e | 131 | 39 | 55 | 77 | 5.2 | 8.6

 | | | | | | |

570C2: | | | | | | |

 Martinsville--------| 3e | 114 | 35 | 48 | 62 | 4.5 | 7.5

 | | | | | | |

614A: | | | | | | |

 Chenoa--------------| 2w | 132 | 44 | 56 | 81 | 5.3 | 8.8

 | | | | | | |

687B: | | | | | | |

 Penfield------------| 2e | 137 | 42 | 56 | 87 | 5.2 | 8.7

 | | | | | | |

802B: | | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy-----| 2e | 85 | 27 | 30 | 50 | 3.7 | 6.2

 | | | | | | |

805B: | | | | | | |

 Orthents, clayey----| 3e | 77 | 24 | 26 | 46 | 3.3 | 5.6

 | | | | | | |

865. | | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1103A: | | | | | | |

 Houghton------------| 5w | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | | | |

3107A: | | | | | | |

 Sawmill-------------| 3w | 132 | 42 | 49 | 68 | 5.0 | 8.3

 | | | | | | |

3405A: | | | | | | |

 Zook----------------| 3w | 83 | 32 | 38 | 58 | 3.2 | 5.2

 | | | | | | |

W. | | | | | | |

 Water | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * Animal unit month: The amount of forage or feed required to feed one animal unit (one cow, one horse,

one mule, five sheep, or five goats) for 30 days.
Ford County, Illinois 137

Table 8.--Prime Farmland

(Only the soils considered prime farmland are listed. Urban or built-up areas of the soils listed are

 not considered prime farmland. If a soil is prime farmland only under certain conditions, the

 conditions are specified in parentheses after the soil name)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

Map | Soil name

symbol |

 | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

23A |Blount silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

23B2 |Blount silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes, eroded

56B |Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

56B2 |Dana silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded

67A |Harpster silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

69A |Milford silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

91A |Swygert silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

91B2 |Swygert silty clay loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes, eroded

102A |La Hogue loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

125A |Selma loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

134A |Camden silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

146A |Elliott silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

146B2 |Elliott silty clay loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes, eroded

148B |Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

148B2 |Proctor silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded

149A |Brenton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

150B |Onarga fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

151A |Ridgeville fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

152A |Drummer silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

153A |Pella silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

189A |Martinton silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

192A |Del Rey silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

221C2 |Parr silt loam, 5 to 10 percent slopes, eroded

223B2 |Varna silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes, eroded

223C2 |Varna silt loam, 4 to 6 percent slopes, eroded

232A |Ashkum silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

235A |Bryce silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

294B |Symerton silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

295A |Mokena silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

330A |Peotone silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes (where drained)

375A |Rutland silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

375B |Rutland silty clay loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

481A |Raub silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

530B |Ozaukee silt loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes

541B2 |Graymont silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded

614A |Chenoa silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes

687B |Penfield loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

3107A |Sawmill silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where drained and either

 | protected from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season)

3405A |Zook silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes, frequently flooded (where drained and either protected

 | from flooding or not frequently flooded during the growing season)

 | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
138 Soil Survey of

Table 9.--Forestland Productivity

(Only the soils suitable for commercial production of trees are listed)

_________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential productivity | ___________________________________

 Map symbol and | | | |

 soil name | Common trees |Site | Volume | Trees to manage

 | |index|of wood |

 | | | fiber | _________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |cu ft/ac|

 | | | |

23A: | | | |

 Blount------------------|Northern red oak----| 57 | 43 |Black oak, bur oak,

 |Sugar maple---------| 54 | 29 | chinkapin oak,

 |White ash-----------| 57 | 43 | common hackberry,

 |White oak-----------| 57 | 43 | eastern redcedar,

 | | | | green ash

 | | | |

23B2: | | | |

 Blount------------------|Northern red oak----| 57 | 43 |Black oak, bur oak,

 |White oak-----------| 57 | 43 | chinkapin oak,

 |Sugar maple---------| 54 | 29 | common hackberry,

 |White ash-----------| 57 | 43 | eastern redcedar,

 | | | | green ash

 | | | |

134A: | | | |

 Camden------------------|White oak-----------| 85 | 72 |Black walnut,

 |Green ash-----------| 76 | 72 | eastern

 |Northern red oak----| 85 | 72 | cottonwood,

 |Sweetgum------------| 80 | 86 | eastern white

 |Tuliptree-----------| 95 | 100 | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

192A: | | | |

 Del Rey-----------------|Northern red oak----| 56 | 43 |Black oak, bur oak,

 |Red maple-----------| 56 | 29 | chinkapin oak,

 |White ash-----------| 56 | 43 | common hackberry,

 |White oak-----------| 56 | 43 | eastern redcedar,

 |American basswood---| 56 | 43 | green ash

 | | | |

530B: | | | |

 Ozaukee-----------------|Northern red oak----| 66 | 57 |Black oak, bur oak,

 |American basswood---| --- | --- | chinkapin oak,

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | common hackberry,

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | eastern redcedar,

 | | | | green ash

 | | | |

530D2: | | | |

 Ozaukee-----------------|Northern red oak----| 66 | 57 |Black oak, bur oak,

 |American basswood---| --- | --- | chinkapin oak,

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | common hackberry,

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | eastern redcedar,

 | | | | green ash

 | | | |

530E2: | | | |

 Ozaukee-----------------|Northern red oak----| 66 | 57 |Black oak, bur oak,

 |Sugar maple---------| --- | --- | chinkapin oak,

 |White ash-----------| --- | --- | common hackberry,

 |American basswood---| --- | --- | eastern redcedar,

 | | | | green ash

 | | | |
Ford County, Illinois 139

Table 9.--Forestland Productivity--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential productivity | ___________________________________

 Map symbol and | | | |

 soil name | Common trees |Site | Volume | Trees to manage

 | |index|of wood |

 | | | fiber | _________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |cu ft/ac|

 | | | |

570C2: | | | |

 Martinsville------------|White oak-----------| 80 | 57 |Black walnut,

 |Sweetgum------------| 76 | 72 | eastern

 |Tuliptree-----------| 98 | 100 | cottonwood,

 | | | | eastern white

 | | | | pine, green ash,

 | | | | northern red oak,

 | | | | pecan, pin oak,

 | | | | tuliptree, white

 | | | | oak

 | | | |

1103A: | | | |

 Houghton----------------|Silver maple--------| 82 | 29 |Common persimmon,

 |Arborvitae----------| 37 | 57 | eastern

 |Green ash-----------| --- | --- | cottonwood, green

 |Quaking aspen-------| 60 | 57 | ash, pin oak,

 |Red maple-----------| 56 | 29 | swamp white oak,

 |White ash-----------| 56 | 43 | sweetgum

 | | | |

3107A: | | | |

 Sawmill-----------------|Pin oak-------------| 90 | 72 |Common hackberry,

 |American sycamore---| --- | --- | eastern

 |Eastern cottonwood--| --- | --- | cottonwood, green

 |Sweetgum------------| --- | --- | ash, pin oak,

 | | | | river birch, swamp

 | | | | white oak,

 | | | | sweetgum

 | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________
Table 10.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings (Absence of an entry indicates that trees generally do not grow to the given height) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 23A: | | | |  Blount------------------|American |American plum, |Arborvitae, black |Norway spruce------ | cranberrybush, | American | oak, blackgum, bur |  | American hazelnut, | witchhazel, | oak, chinkapin oak,|  | black chokeberry, | Washington | common hackberry, |  | common juniper, | hawthorn, blackhaw,| eastern redcedar, |  | coralberry, gray | common chokecherry,| green ash |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common | |  | viburnum, silky | serviceberry, | |  | dogwood | nannyberry, prairie| |  | | crabapple, | |  | | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | | staghorn sumac | |  | | | | 23B2: | | | |  Blount------------------|American |American plum, |Arborvitae, black |Norway spruce------ | cranberrybush, | American | oak, blackgum, bur |  | American hazelnut, | witchhazel, | oak, chinkapin oak,|  | black chokeberry, | Washington | common hackberry, |  | common juniper, | hawthorn, blackhaw,| eastern redcedar, |  | coralberry, gray | common chokecherry,| green ash |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common | |  | viburnum, silky | serviceberry, | |  | dogwood | nannyberry, prairie| |  | | crabapple, | |  | | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | | staghorn sumac | |  | | | | 56B: | | | |  Dana--------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 
Table 10.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 56B2: | | | |  Dana--------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 67A: | | | |  Harpster----------------|Common winterberry, |Common pawpaw, |Arborvitae, bur oak,|Carolina poplar,  | gray dogwood, | nannyberry, | common hackberry, | eastern cottonwood | redosier dogwood | roughleaf dogwood, | eastern redcedar, | green ash  | | silky dogwood | green hawthorn |  | | | | 69A: | | | |  Milford-----------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, shingle | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | oak |  | ninebark, common | | |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 91A: | | | |  Swygert-----------------|American |American plum, |Arborvitae, black |Norway spruce------ | cranberrybush, | American | oak, blackgum, bur |  | American hazelnut, | witchhazel, | oak, chinkapin oak,|  | black chokeberry, | Washington | common hackberry, |  | common juniper, | hawthorn, blackhaw,| eastern redcedar, |  | coralberry, gray | common chokecherry,| green ash |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common | |  | viburnum, silky | serviceberry, | |  | dogwood | nannyberry, prairie| |  | | crabapple, | |  | | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | | staghorn sumac | |  | | | | 
Table 10.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 91B2: | | | |  Swygert-----------------|American |American plum, |Arborvitae, black |Norway spruce------ | cranberrybush, | American | oak, blackgum, bur |  | American hazelnut, | witchhazel, | oak, chinkapin oak,|  | black chokeberry, | Washington | common hackberry, |  | common juniper, | hawthorn, blackhaw,| eastern redcedar, |  | coralberry, gray | common chokecherry,| green ash |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common | |  | viburnum, silky | serviceberry, | |  | dogwood | nannyberry, prairie| |  | | crabapple, | |  | | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | | staghorn sumac | |  | | | | 102A: | | | |  La Hogue----------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 125A: | | | |  Selma-------------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, shingle | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | oak |  | ninebark, common | | |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 
Table 10.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 134A: | | | |  Camden------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 146A: | | | |  Elliott-----------------|American |American plum, |Arborvitae, black |Norway spruce------ | cranberrybush, | American | oak, blackgum, bur |  | American hazelnut, | witchhazel, | oak, chinkapin oak,|  | black chokeberry, | Washington | common hackberry, |  | common juniper, | hawthorn, blackhaw,| eastern redcedar, |  | coralberry, gray | common chokecherry,| green ash |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common | |  | viburnum, silky | serviceberry, | |  | dogwood | nannyberry, prairie| |  | | crabapple, | |  | | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | | staghorn sumac | |  | | | | 146B2: | | | |  Elliott-----------------|American |American plum, |Arborvitae, black |Norway spruce------ | cranberrybush, | American | oak, blackgum, bur |  | American hazelnut, | witchhazel, | oak, chinkapin oak,|  | black chokeberry, | Washington | common hackberry, |  | common juniper, | hawthorn, blackhaw,| eastern redcedar, |  | coralberry, gray | common chokecherry,| green ash |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common | |  | viburnum, silky | serviceberry, | |  | dogwood | nannyberry, prairie| |  | | crabapple, | |  | | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | | staghorn sumac | |  | | | | 
Table 10.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 147A: | | | |  Clarence----------------|American |American plum, |Arborvitae, black |Norway spruce------ | cranberrybush, | American | oak, blackgum, bur |  | American hazelnut, | witchhazel, | oak, chinkapin oak,|  | black chokeberry, | Washington | common hackberry, |  | common juniper, | hawthorn, blackhaw,| eastern redcedar, |  | coralberry, gray | common chokecherry,| green ash |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common | |  | viburnum, silky | serviceberry, | |  | dogwood | nannyberry, prairie| |  | | crabapple, | |  | | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | | staghorn sumac | |  | | | | 147B2: | | | |  Clarence----------------|American |American plum, |Arborvitae, black |Norway spruce------ | cranberrybush, | American | oak, blackgum, bur |  | American hazelnut, | witchhazel, | oak, chinkapin oak,|  | black chokeberry, | Washington | common hackberry, |  | common juniper, | hawthorn, blackhaw,| eastern redcedar, |  | coralberry, gray | common chokecherry,| green ash |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common | |  | viburnum, silky | serviceberry, | |  | dogwood | nannyberry, prairie| |  | | crabapple, | |  | | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | | staghorn sumac | |  | | | | 148B: | | | |  Proctor-----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 
Table 10.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 148B2: | | | |  Proctor-----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 149A: | | | |  Brenton-----------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 150B: | | | |  Onarga------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Douglas fir, |Norway spruce,  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, black | common hackberry,  | common winterberry,| witchhazel, Arnold | walnut, blackgum, | pin oak, red pine,  | coralberry, gray | hawthorn, blackhaw,| blue spruce, bur | tuliptree  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common chokecherry,| oak, eastern |  | viburnum | common | redcedar, green |  | | serviceberry, | ash, pecan |  | | prairie crabapple | |  | | | | 151A: | | | |  Ridgeville--------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 
Table 10.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 152A: | | | |  Drummer-----------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, shingle | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | oak |  | ninebark, common | | |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 153A: | | | |  Pella-------------------|Common winterberry, |Common pawpaw, |Arborvitae, bur oak,|Carolina poplar,  | gray dogwood, | nannyberry, | common hackberry, | eastern cottonwood | redosier dogwood | roughleaf dogwood, | eastern redcedar, | green ash  | | silky dogwood | green hawthorn |  | | | | 189A: | | | |  Martinton---------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 192A: | | | |  Del Rey-----------------|American |American plum, |Arborvitae, black |Norway spruce------ | cranberrybush, | American | oak, blackgum, bur |  | American hazelnut, | witchhazel, | oak, chinkapin oak,|  | black chokeberry, | Washington | common hackberry, |  | common juniper, | hawthorn, blackhaw,| eastern redcedar, |  | coralberry, gray | common chokecherry,| green ash |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common | |  | viburnum, silky | serviceberry, | |  | dogwood | nannyberry, prairie| |  | | crabapple, | |  | | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | | staghorn sumac | |  | | | | 
Table 10.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 221C2: | | | |  Parr--------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 221C3: | | | |  Parr--------------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 223B2: | | | |  Varna-------------------|American |American plum, |Arborvitae, black |Norway spruce------ | cranberrybush, | American | oak, blackgum, bur |  | American hazelnut, | witchhazel, | oak, chinkapin oak,|  | black chokeberry, | Washington | common hackberry, |  | common juniper, | hawthorn, blackhaw,| eastern redcedar, |  | coralberry, gray | common chokecherry,| green ash |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common | |  | viburnum, silky | serviceberry, | |  | dogwood | nannyberry, prairie| |  | | crabapple, | |  | | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | | staghorn sumac | |  | | | | 
Table 10.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 223C2: | | | |  Varna-------------------|American |American plum, |Arborvitae, black |Norway spruce------ | cranberrybush, | American | oak, blackgum, bur |  | American hazelnut, | witchhazel, | oak, chinkapin oak,|  | black chokeberry, | Washington | common hackberry, |  | common juniper, | hawthorn, blackhaw,| eastern redcedar, |  | coralberry, gray | common chokecherry,| green ash |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common | |  | viburnum, silky | serviceberry, | |  | dogwood | nannyberry, prairie| |  | | crabapple, | |  | | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | | staghorn sumac | |  | | | | 230A: | | | |  Rowe--------------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, shingle | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | oak |  | ninebark, common | | |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 232A: | | | |  Ashkum------------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, shingle | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | oak |  | ninebark, common | | |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 
Table 10.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 235A: | | | |  Bryce-------------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, shingle | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | oak |  | ninebark, common | | |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 238A: | | | |  Rantoul-----------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, shingle | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | oak |  | ninebark, common | | |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 241C3: | | | |  Chatsworth--------------|Coralberry, |American |Austrian pine, |Carolina poplar---- | mapleleaf viburnum,| cranberrybush, Ohio| common hackberry, |  | redosier dogwood, | buckeye, bitternut | green ash, |  | roughleaf dogwood | hickory, bur oak, | thornless |  | | chinkapin oak, | honeylocust |  | | cockspur hawthorn, | |  | | common chokecherry,| |  | | eastern redcedar | |  | | | | 241D3: | | | |  Chatsworth--------------|Coralberry, |American |Austrian pine, |Carolina poplar---- | mapleleaf viburnum,| cranberrybush, Ohio| common hackberry, |  | redosier dogwood, | buckeye, bitternut | green ash, |  | roughleaf dogwood | hickory, bur oak, | thornless |  | | chinkapin oak, | honeylocust |  | | cockspur hawthorn, | |  | | common chokecherry,| |  | | eastern redcedar | |  | | | | 
Table 10.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 294B: | | | |  Symerton----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 295A: | | | |  Mokena------------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 330A: | | | |  Peotone-----------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, shingle | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | oak |  | ninebark, common | | |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 
Table 10.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 375A: | | | |  Rutland-----------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 375B: | | | |  Rutland-----------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 481A: | | | |  Raub--------------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 
Table 10.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 530B: | | | |  Ozaukee-----------------|American |American plum, |Arborvitae, black |Norway spruce------ | cranberrybush, | American | oak, blackgum, bur |  | American hazelnut, | witchhazel, | oak, chinkapin oak,|  | black chokeberry, | Washington | common hackberry, |  | common juniper, | hawthorn, blackhaw,| eastern redcedar, |  | coralberry, gray | common chokecherry,| green ash |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common | |  | viburnum, silky | serviceberry, | |  | dogwood | nannyberry, prairie| |  | | crabapple, | |  | | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | | staghorn sumac | |  | | | | 530D2: | | | |  Ozaukee-----------------|American |American plum, |Arborvitae, black |Norway spruce------ | cranberrybush, | American | oak, blackgum, bur |  | American hazelnut, | witchhazel, | oak, chinkapin oak,|  | black chokeberry, | Washington | common hackberry, |  | common juniper, | hawthorn, blackhaw,| eastern redcedar, |  | coralberry, gray | common chokecherry,| green ash |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common | |  | viburnum, silky | serviceberry, | |  | dogwood | nannyberry, prairie| |  | | crabapple, | |  | | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | | staghorn sumac | |  | | | | 530E2: | | | |  Ozaukee-----------------|American |American plum, |Arborvitae, black |Norway spruce------ | cranberrybush, | American | oak, blackgum, bur |  | American hazelnut, | witchhazel, | oak, chinkapin oak,|  | black chokeberry, | Washington | common hackberry, |  | common juniper, | hawthorn, blackhaw,| eastern redcedar, |  | coralberry, gray | common chokecherry,| green ash |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common | |  | viburnum, silky | serviceberry, | |  | dogwood | nannyberry, prairie| |  | | crabapple, | |  | | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | | staghorn sumac | |  | | | | 
Table 10.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 541B2: | | | |  Graymont----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 570C2: | | | |  Martinsville------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 614A: | | | |  Chenoa------------------|American |Blackhaw, cockspur |Austrian pine, |Norway spruce,  | cranberrybush, | hawthorn, common | Douglas fir, | blackgum, common  | Canada yew, black | pawpaw, common | arborvitae, blue | hackberry, green  | chokeberry, common | serviceberry, | spruce, common | ash, red maple,  | elderberry, common | prairie crabapple, | persimmon, eastern | swamp white oak,  | juniper, common | roughleaf dogwood, | redcedar, green | sweetgum  | ninebark, common | rusty blackhaw, | hawthorn, |  | winterberry, | southern arrowwood,| nannyberry, pecan, |  | northern spicebush,| witchhazel | shingle oak |  | redosier dogwood, | | |  | silky dogwood | | |  | | | | 687B: | | | |  Penfield----------------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 
Table 10.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of-- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 802B: | | | |  Orthents, loamy---------|American hazelnut, |American plum, |Washington hawthorn,|Douglas fir, Norway  | black chokeberry, | American | arborvitae, blue | spruce, black  | common elderberry, | witchhazel, | spruce, common | walnut, blackgum,  | common juniper, | blackhaw, common | persimmon, eastern | common hackberry,  | common ninebark, | chokecherry, common| redcedar, | green ash, norther | common winterberry,| serviceberry, | nannyberry, pecan, | red oak, pin oak,  | coralberry, | prairie crabapple, | white oak | tuliptree  | mapleleaf viburnum,| roughleaf dogwood, | |  | redosier dogwood, | smooth sumac, | |  | silky dogwood | southern arrowwood | |  | | | | 805B: | | | |  Orthents, clayey--------|American |American plum, |Arborvitae, black |Norway spruce------ | cranberrybush, | American | oak, blackgum, bur |  | American hazelnut, | witchhazel, | oak, chinkapin oak,|  | black chokeberry, | Washington | common hackberry, |  | common juniper, | hawthorn, blackhaw,| eastern redcedar, |  | coralberry, gray | common chokecherry,| green ash |  | dogwood, mapleleaf | common | |  | viburnum, silky | serviceberry, | |  | dogwood | nannyberry, prairie| |  | | crabapple, | |  | | roughleaf dogwood, | |  | | staghorn sumac | |  | | | | 865. | | | |  Pits, gravel | | | |  | | | | 1103A: | | | |  Houghton----------------|American |Common serviceberry,|Arborvitae, common |Green ash, pin oak,  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | persimmon | river birch, swamp  | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | | white oak, sweetgu | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | |  | elderberry, common | | |  | ninebark, common | | |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 
Table 10.--Windbreaks and Environmental Plantings--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Trees having predicted 20-year average height, in feet, of- Map symbol |__________________________________________________________________________________ and soil name | <8 | 8-15 | 16-25 | 26-35 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | 3107A: | | | |  Sawmill-----------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, shingle | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | oak |  | ninebark, common | | |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | 3405A: | | | |  Zook--------------------|American |Cockspur hawthorn, |Arborvitae, |Green ash, red  | cranberrybush, | hazel alder, | blackgum, common | maple, river birch | black chokeberry, | nannyberry, | hackberry, green | swamp white oak,  | buttonbush, common | roughleaf dogwood | hawthorn, shingle | sweetgum  | elderberry, common | | oak |  | ninebark, common | | |  | winterberry, gray | | |  | dogwood, highbush | | |  | blueberry, northern| | |  | spicebush, redosier| | |  | dogwood, silky | | |  | dogwood | | |  | | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
156 Soil Survey of

Table 11.--Recreational Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for

 onsite investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry

 indicates that no rating is applicable)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

23A: | | | | |

 Blount-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

23B2: | | | | |

 Blount-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

56B: | | | | |

 Dana-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

56B2: | | | | |

 Dana-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

67A: | | | | |

 Harpster---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

69A: | | | | |

 Milford----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

91A: | | | | |

 Swygert----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

91B2: | | | | |

 Swygert----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

102A: | | | | |

 La Hogue---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

125A: | | | | |

 Selma------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

134A: | | | | |

 Camden-----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Slight

 | | | | |

146A: | | | | |

 Elliott----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

146B2: | | | | |

 Elliott----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |
Ford County, Illinois 157

Table 11.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

147A: | | | | |

 Clarence---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

147B2: | | | | |

 Clarence---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

148B: | | | | |

 Proctor----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

148B2: | | | | |

 Proctor----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

149A: | | | | |

 Brenton----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

150B: | | | | |

 Onarga-----------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

151A: | | | | |

 Ridgeville-------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

152A: | | | | |

 Drummer----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

153A: | | | | |

 Pella------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

189A: | | | | |

 Martinton--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

192A: | | | | |

 Del Rey----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | | | |

221C2: | | | | |

 Parr-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | |

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

221C3: | | | | |

 Parr-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | |

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

223B2: | | | | |

 Varna------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | |

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |
158 Soil Survey of

Table 11.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

223C2: | | | | |

 Varna------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | |

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

230A: | | | | |

 Rowe-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

232A: | | | | |

 Ashkum-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

235A: | | | | |

 Bryce------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

238A: | | | | |

 Rantoul----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | too clayey | too clayey

 | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

241C3: | | | | |

 Chatsworth-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | too clayey | too clayey

 | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey | |

 | | | | |

241D3: | | | | |

 Chatsworth-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | too clayey | too clayey

 | too clayey | too clayey | slope | |

 | | | too clayey | |

 | | | | |

294B: | | | | |

 Symerton---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | |

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

295A: | | | | |

 Mokena-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

330A: | | | | |

 Peotone----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

375A: | | | | |

 Rutland----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

375B: | | | | |

 Rutland----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |
Ford County, Illinois 159

Table 11.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

481A: | | | | |

 Raub-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

530B: | | | | |

 Ozaukee----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | |

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

530D2: | | | | |

 Ozaukee----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight---------|Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | | slope

 | slope | slope | | |

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

530E2: | | | | |

 Ozaukee----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

541B2: | | | | |

 Graymont---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | |

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

570C2: | | | | |

 Martinsville-----------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Severe: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

614A: | | | | |

 Chenoa-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

687B: | | | | |

 Penfield---------------|Slight---------|Slight---------|Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

802B: | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | |

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

805B: | | | | |

 Orthents, clayey-------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | too clayey | too clayey | too clayey

 | too clayey | too clayey | | |

 | | | | |

865. | | | | |

 Pits, gravel | | | | |

 | | | | |

1103A: | | | | |

 Houghton---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | | | | |

3107A: | | | | |

 Sawmill----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding | ponding | flooding | ponding | flooding

 | ponding | | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |
160 Soil Survey of

Table 11.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

3405A: | | | | |

 Zook-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding | too clayey | flooding | too clayey | too clayey

 | too clayey | ponding | too clayey | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | | ponding | | flooding

 | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ford County, Illinois 161

Table 12.--Wildlife Habitat

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating is

 applicable)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- |Wetland

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild-

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

23A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Blount------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

23B2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Blount------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

56B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dana--------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

56B2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dana--------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Harpster----------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

69A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Milford-----------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

91A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Swygert-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

91B2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Swygert-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

102A: | | | | | | | | | |

 La Hogue----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

125A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Selma-------------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

134A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Camden------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

146A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Elliott-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

146B2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Elliott-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

147A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Clarence----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

147B2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Clarence----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Good |Fair |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Proctor-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

148B2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Proctor-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

149A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Brenton-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |
162 Soil Survey of

Table 12.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- |Wetland

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild-

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

150B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Onarga------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

151A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ridgeville--------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Drummer-----------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

153A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Pella-------------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

189A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Martinton---------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

192A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Del Rey-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

221C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Parr--------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

221C3: | | | | | | | | | |

 Parr--------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

223B2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Varna-------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

223C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Varna-------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

230A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rowe--------------------|Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

232A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ashkum------------------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

235A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bryce-------------------|Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

238A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rantoul-----------------|Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

241C3: | | | | | | | | | |

 Chatsworth--------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Fair |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

241D3: | | | | | | | | | |

 Chatsworth--------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

294B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Symerton----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

295A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mokena------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Peotone-----------------|Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |
Ford County, Illinois 163

Table 12.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for-- __________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | Open- | Wood- |Wetland

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | wild-

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous |plants | water | wild- | wild- | life

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | areas | life | life | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

375A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rutland-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

375B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rutland-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

481A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Raub--------------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

530B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ozaukee-----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

530D2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ozaukee-----------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

530E2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ozaukee-----------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

541B2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Graymont----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

570C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Martinsville------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

614A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Chenoa------------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Poor |Fair

 | | | | | | | | | |

687B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Penfield----------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

802B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy---------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

805B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Orthents, clayey--------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | |

865. | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

1103A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Houghton----------------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good

 | poor | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

3107A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sawmill-----------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | |

3405A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Zook--------------------|Poor |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
164 Soil Survey of

Table 13.--Hydric Soils

(See text for explanation of terms used in this table)

___________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol and | Component | Hydric |Local landform| Position on

 map unit name | | status | | landform

 | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

23A: | | | |

 Blount silt loam, 0 to|Blount | No |ground |summit,

 2 percent slopes | | | moraine, end | footslope

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Ashkum | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, end |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

23B2: | | | |

 Blount silt loam, 2 to|Blount | No |ground |summit,

 4 percent slopes, | | | moraine, end | backslope

 eroded | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Ashkum | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, end |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

56B: | | | |

 Dana silt loam, 2 to 5|Dana | No |ground |summit,

 percent slopes | | | moraine, end | backslope

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Drummer | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 | | | ground |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

56B2: | | | |

 Dana silt loam, 2 to 5|Dana | No |ground |summit,

 percent slopes, | | | moraine, end | backslope

 eroded | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Drummer | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 | | | ground |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

67A: | | | |

 Harpster silty clay |Harpster | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 loam, 0 to 2 percent | | | ground |

 slopes | | | moraine, lake|

 | | | plain |

 | | | |

 |Drummer | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 | | | ground |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Houghton | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, |

 | | | outwash plain|

 | | | |

69A: | | | |

 Milford silty clay |Milford | Yes |lake plain |toeslope

 loam, 0 to 2 percent | | | |

 slopes | | | |

 |Houghton | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, |

 | | | outwash plain|

 | | | |
Ford County, Illinois 165

Table 13.--Hydric Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol and | Component | Hydric |Local landform| Position on

 map unit name | | status | | landform

 | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

91A: | | | |

 Swygert silty clay |Swygert | No |ground |summit,

 loam, 0 to 2 percent | | | moraine, lake| footslope

 slopes | | | plain |

 | | | |

 |Bryce | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, |

 | | | glacial lake |

 | | | (relict) |

 | | | |

91B2: | | | |

 Swygert silty clay |Swygert | No |ground |backslope,

 loam, 2 to 4 percent | | | moraine, | footslope

 slopes, eroded | | | glacial lake |

 | | | (relict) |

 | | | |

 |Bryce | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, |

 | | | glacial lake |

 | | | (relict) |

 | | | |

102A: | | | |

 La Hogue loam, 0 to 2 |La Hogue | No |outwash plain,|summit,

 percent slopes | | | stream | footslope

 | | | terrace |

 | | | |

 |Drummer | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 | | | ground |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

125A: | | | |

 Selma loam, 0 to 2 |Selma | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 percent slopes | | | stream |

 | | | terrace |

 | | | |

 |Houghton | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, |

 | | | outwash plain|

 | | | |

134A: | | | |

 Camden silt loam, 0 to|Camden | No |outwash plain,|summit

 2 percent slopes | | | stream |

 | | | terrace |

 | | | |

 |Drummer | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 | | | ground |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

146A: | | | |

 Elliott silt loam, 0 |Elliott | No |ground |summit,

 to 2 percent slopes | | | moraine, end | footslope

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Ashkum | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, end |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |
166 Soil Survey of

Table 13.--Hydric Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol and | Component | Hydric |Local landform| Position on

 map unit name | | status | | landform

 | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

146B2: | | | |

 Elliott silty clay |Elliott | No |ground |backslope,

 loam, 2 to 4 percent | | | moraine, end | footslope

 slopes, eroded | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Ashkum | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, end |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

147A: | | | |

 Clarence silty clay |Clarence | No |ground moraine|summit,

 loam, 0 to 2 percent | | | | footslope

 slopes | | | |

 |Rowe | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, lake|

 | | | plain |

 | | | |

147B2: | | | |

 Clarence silty clay |Clarence | No |ground moraine|backslope,

 loam, 2 to 4 percent | | | | footslope

 slopes, eroded | | | |

 |Rowe | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, lake|

 | | | plain |

 | | | |

148B: | | | |

 Proctor silt loam, 2 |Proctor | No |outwash plain |summit,

 to 5 percent slopes | | | | backslope

 | | | |

 |Drummer | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 | | | ground |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

148B2: | | | |

 Proctor silt loam, 2 |Proctor | No |outwash plain,|summit,

 to 5 percent slopes, | | | stream | backslope

 eroded | | | terrace |

 | | | |

 |Drummer | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 | | | ground |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

149A: | | | |

 Brenton silt loam, 0 |Brenton | No |outwash plain,|summit,

 to 2 percent slopes | | | stream | footslope

 | | | terrace |

 | | | |

 |Drummer | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 | | | ground |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

150B: | | | |

 Onarga fine sandy |Onarga | No |outwash plain,|summit,

 loam, 2 to 5 percent | | | beach ridge | backslope

 slopes | | | |

 |Selma | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 | | | stream |

 | | | terrace |

 | | | |
Ford County, Illinois 167

Table 13.--Hydric Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol and | Component | Hydric |Local landform| Position on

 map unit name | | status | | landform

 | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

151A: | | | |

 Ridgeville fine sandy |Ridgeville | No |outwash plain,|summit,

 loam, 0 to 2 percent | | | beach ridge | footslope

 slopes | | | |

 |Selma | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 | | | stream |

 | | | terrace |

 | | | |

152A: | | | |

 Drummer silty clay |Drummer | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 loam, 0 to 2 percent | | | ground |

 slopes | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Peotone | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Harpster | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 | | | ground |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

153A: | | | |

 Pella silty clay loam,|Pella | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 0 to 2 percent slopes| | | lake plain |

 | | | |

189A: | | | |

 Martinton silt loam, 0|Martinton | No |lake plain |summit,

 to 2 percent slopes | | | | footslope

 | | | |

 |Milford | Yes |lake plain |toeslope

 | | | |

192A: | | | |

 Del Rey silt loam, 0 |Del Rey | No |lake plain |summit,

 to 2 percent slopes | | | | footslope

 | | | |

 |Milford | Yes |lake plain |toeslope

 | | | |

221C2: | | | |

 Parr silt loam, 5 to |Parr | No |ground |shoulder,

 10 percent slopes, | | | moraine, end | backslope

 eroded | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Drummer | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 | | | ground |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

221C3: | | | |

 Parr clay loam, 5 to |Parr | No |ground |backslope

 10 percent slopes, | | | moraine, end |

 severely eroded | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Drummer | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 | | | ground |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

223B2: | | | |

 Varna silt loam, 2 to |Varna | No |ground |summit,

 4 percent slopes, | | | moraine, end | backslope

 eroded | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Ashkum | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, end |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |
168 Soil Survey of

Table 13.--Hydric Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol and | Component | Hydric |Local landform| Position on

 map unit name | | status | | landform

 | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

223C2: | | | |

 Varna silt loam, 4 to |Varna | No |ground |shoulder,

 6 percent slopes, | | | moraine, end | backslope

 eroded | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Ashkum | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, end |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

230A: | | | |

 Rowe silty clay loam, |Rowe | Yes |ground |toeslope

 0 to 2 percent slopes| | | moraine, lake|

 | | | plain |

 | | | |

 |Rantoul | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, lake|

 | | | plain |

 | | | |

232A: | | | |

 Ashkum silty clay |Ashkum | Yes |ground |toeslope

 loam, 0 to 2 percent | | | moraine, end |

 slopes | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Houghton | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, |

 | | | outwash plain|

 | | | |

235A: | | | |

 Bryce silty clay, 0 to|Bryce | Yes |ground |toeslope

 2 percent slopes | | | moraine, |

 | | | glacial lake |

 | | | (relict) |

 | | | |

 |Rantoul | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, lake|

 | | | plain |

 | | | |

238A: | | | |

 Rantoul silty clay, 0 |Rantoul | Yes |ground |toeslope

 to 2 percent slopes | | | moraine, lake|

 | | | plain |

 | | | |

 |Houghton | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, |

 | | | outwash plain|

 | | | |

241C3: | | | |

 Chatsworth silty clay,|Chatsworth | No |ground |backslope

 4 to 6 percent | | | moraine, end |

 slopes, severely | | | moraine |

 eroded | | | |

 |Bryce | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, |

 | | | glacial lake |

 | | | (relict) |

 | | | |
Ford County, Illinois 169

Table 13.--Hydric Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol and | Component | Hydric |Local landform| Position on

 map unit name | | status | | landform

 | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

241D3: | | | |

 Chatsworth silty clay,|Chatsworth | No |ground |backslope

 6 to 12 percent | | | moraine, end |

 slopes, severely | | | moraine |

 eroded | | | |

 |Bryce | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, |

 | | | glacial lake |

 | | | (relict) |

 | | | |

294B: | | | |

 Symerton silt loam, 2 |Symerton | No |ground |summit,

 to 5 percent slopes | | | moraine, lake| backslope

 | | | plain |

 | | | |

 |Ashkum | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, end |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

295A: | | | |

 Mokena silt loam, 0 to|Mokena | No |ground |summit,

 2 percent slopes | | | moraine, lake| footslope

 | | | plain |

 | | | |

 |Bryce | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, |

 | | | glacial lake |

 | | | (relict) |

 | | | |

330A: | | | |

 Peotone silty clay |Peotone | Yes |ground moraine|toeslope

 loam, 0 to 2 percent | | | |

 slopes | | | |

 |Houghton | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, |

 | | | outwash plain|

 | | | |

375A: | | | |

 Rutland silty clay |Rutland | No |ground |summit,

 loam, 0 to 2 percent | | | moraine, lake| footslope

 slopes | | | plain |

 | | | |

 |Bryce | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, |

 | | | glacial lake |

 | | | (relict) |

 | | | |

375B: | | | |

 Rutland silty clay |Rutland | No |ground |backslope,

 loam, 2 to 5 percent | | | moraine, lake| footslope

 slopes | | | plain |

 | | | |

 |Bryce | Yes |ground |

 | | | moraine, |toeslope

 | | | glacial lake |

 | | | (relict) |

 | | | |
170 Soil Survey of

Table 13.--Hydric Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol and | Component | Hydric |Local landform| Position on

 map unit name | | status | | landform

 | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

481A: | | | |

 Raub silt loam, 0 to 2|Raub | No |ground |summit,

 percent slopes | | | moraine, end | footslope

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Drummer | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 | | | ground |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

530B: | | | |

 Ozaukee silt loam, 2 |Ozaukee | No |ground |summit,

 to 4 percent slopes | | | moraine, end | backslope

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Ashkum | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, end |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

530D2: | | | |

 Ozaukee silt loam, 6 |Ozaukee | No |end moraine, |shoulder,

 to 12 percent slopes,| | | ground | backslope

 eroded | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Ashkum | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, end |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

530E2: | | | |

 Ozaukee silt loam, 12 |Ozaukee | No |ground |backslope

 to 20 percent slopes,| | | moraine, end |

 eroded | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Sawmill | Yes |flood plain | ---

 | | | |

541B2: | | | |

 Graymont silt loam, 2 |Graymont | No |ground moraine|summit,

 to 5 percent slopes, | | | | backslope

 eroded | | | |

 |Drummer | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 | | | ground |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

570C2: | | | |

 Martinsville loam, 5 |Martinsville | No |stream |backslope

 to 10 percent slopes,| | | terrace, |

 eroded | | | outwash plain|

 | | | |

 |Drummer | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 | | | ground |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Sawmill | Yes |flood plain | ---

 | | | |

614A: | | | |

 Chenoa silty clay |Chenoa | No |ground |summit,

 loam, 0 to 2 percent | | | moraine, end | footslope

 slopes | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Drummer | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 | | | ground |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |
Ford County, Illinois 171

Table 13.--Hydric Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol and | Component | Hydric |Local landform| Position on

 map unit name | | status | | landform

 | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

687B: | | | |

 Penfield loam, 2 to 5 |Penfield | No |outwash plain,|summit,

 percent slopes | | | ground | backslope

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Drummer | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 | | | ground |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

802B: | | | |

 Orthents, loamy, |Orthents, | No |outwash plain,|summit,

 undulating | loamy | | ground | backslope

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Drummer | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 | | | ground |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

805B: | | | |

 Orthents, clayey, |Orthents, | No |ground |summit,

 undulating | clayey | | moraine, lake| backslope

 | | | plain |

 | | | |

 |Ashkum | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, end |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

 |Houghton | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, |

 | | | outwash plain|

 | | | |

 |Peotone | Yes |ground moraine|toeslope

 | | | |

865: | | | |

 Pits, gravel |Pits, gravel | N/A | --- | ---

 | | | |

 |Drummer | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 | | | ground |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

1103A: | | | |

 Houghton muck, |Houghton | Yes |ground |toeslope

 undrained, 0 to 2 | | | moraine, |

 percent slopes | | | outwash plain|

 | | | |

 |Drummer | Yes |outwash plain,|toeslope

 | | | ground |

 | | | moraine |

 | | | |

3107A: | | | |

 Sawmill silty clay |Sawmill | Yes |flood plain | ---

 loam, 0 to 2 percent | | | |

 slopes, frequently | | | |

 flooded | | | |

 | | | |
172 Soil Survey of

Table 13.--Hydric Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol and | Component | Hydric |Local landform| Position on

 map unit name | | status | | landform

 | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

3405A: | | | |

 Zook silty clay, 0 to |Zook | Yes |flood plain | ---

 2 percent slopes, | | | |

 frequently flooded | | | |

 |Bryce | Yes |ground |toeslope

 | | | moraine, |

 | | | glacial lake |

 | | | (relict) |

 | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________
Ford County, Illinois 173

Table 14.--Building Site Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite

 investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating

 is applicable)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

23A: | | | | | |

 Blount------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

23B2: | | | | | |

 Blount------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

56B: | | | | | |

 Dana--------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

56B2: | | | | | |

 Dana--------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | |

 Harpster----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | ponding

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

69A: | | | | | |

 Milford-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | ponding

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

91A: | | | | | |

 Swygert-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | wetness | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | |

91B2: | | | | | |

 Swygert-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | wetness | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | |

102A: | | | | | |

 La Hogue----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | low strength | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | | | | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

125A: | | | | | |

 Selma-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | ponding

 | cutbanks cave | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

134A: | | | | | |

 Camden------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |
174 Soil Survey of

Table 14.--Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

146A: | | | | | |

 Elliott-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | low strength | wetness

 | | | | | |

146B2: | | | | | |

 Elliott-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | low strength | wetness

 | | | | | |

147A: | | | | | |

 Clarence----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | low strength | wetness

 | | | | | |

147B2: | | | | | |

 Clarence----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | low strength | wetness

 | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | |

 Proctor-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | shrink-swell | | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

148B2: | | | | | |

 Proctor-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

149A: | | | | | |

 Brenton-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

150B: | | | | | |

 Onarga------------------|Severe: |Slight |Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | | | | frost action |

 | | | | | |

151A: | | | | | |

 Ridgeville--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | cutbanks cave | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | |

 Drummer-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | ponding

 | cutbanks cave | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

153A: | | | | | |

 Pella-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | frost action | ponding

 | cutbanks cave | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

189A: | | | | | |

 Martinton---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | low strength | wetness

 | | | | | |

192A: | | | | | |

 Del Rey-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |
Ford County, Illinois 175

Table 14.--Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

221C2: | | | | | |

 Parr--------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | shrink-swell | | slope | |

 | | | | wetness | |

 | | | | | |

221C3: | | | | | |

 Parr--------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | wetness | | slope | |

 | | | | wetness | |

 | | | | | |

223B2: | | | | | |

 Varna-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | wetness | | wetness | |

 | | | | | |

223C2: | | | | | |

 Varna-------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | wetness | | slope | |

 | | | | wetness | |

 | | | | | |

230A: | | | | | |

 Rowe--------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | ponding

 | | ponding | ponding | ponding | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

232A: | | | | | |

 Ashkum------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | shrink-swell | ponding | shrink-swell | low strength | ponding

 | | ponding | | ponding | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

235A: | | | | | |

 Bryce-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | too clayey

 | | ponding | ponding | ponding | shrink-swell | ponding

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

238A: | | | | | |

 Rantoul-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | too clayey

 | | ponding | ponding | ponding | shrink-swell | ponding

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

241C3: | | | | | |

 Chatsworth--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | low strength | too clayey

 | | wetness | | slope | |

 | | | | wetness | |

 | | | | | |

241D3: | | | | | |

 Chatsworth--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | slope | low strength | too clayey

 | | slope | | | |

 | | wetness | | | |

 | | | | | |

294B: | | | | | |

 Symerton----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | wetness | | wetness | |

 | | | | | |
176 Soil Survey of

Table 14.--Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

295A: | | | | | |

 Mokena------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | low strength | wetness

 | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | |

 Peotone-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | ponding

 | | ponding | ponding | ponding | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

375A: | | | | | |

 Rutland-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | wetness | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | |

375B: | | | | | |

 Rutland-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | wetness | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | |

481A: | | | | | |

 Raub--------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | frost action | wetness

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

530B: | | | | | |

 Ozaukee-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | wetness | | wetness | |

 | | | | | |

530D2: | | | | | |

 Ozaukee-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | slope | low strength | slope

 | | slope | | | |

 | | wetness | | | |

 | | | | | |

530E2: | | | | | |

 Ozaukee-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | wetness | | wetness | | slope |

 | | | | | |

541B2: | | | | | |

 Graymont----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | wetness | | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

570C2: | | | | | |

 Martinsville------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | | | slope | low strength |

 | | | | | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | |

614A: | | | | | |

 Chenoa------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | low strength | wetness

 | | | | | |

687B: | | | | | |

 Penfield----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight

 | cutbanks cave | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | frost action |

 | | | wetness | | low strength |

 | | | | | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | |
Ford County, Illinois 177

Table 14.--Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

802B: | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy---------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | | wetness | | |

 | | | | | |

805B: | | | | | |

 Orthents, clayey--------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | too clayey

 | | | wetness | | |

 | | | | | |

865. | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

1103A: | | | | | |

 Houghton----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | excess humus | low strength | low strength | low strength | frost action | excess humus

 | ponding | subsides | subsides | subsides | subsides | ponding

 | | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding |

 | | | | | |

3107A: | | | | | |

 Sawmill-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | | ponding | ponding | ponding | low strength | ponding

 | | | | | ponding |

 | | | | | |

3405A: | | | | | |

 Zook--------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | ponding | flooding | flooding | flooding | low strength | too clayey

 | | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | ponding

 | | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding | flooding

 | | | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
178 Soil Survey of

Table 15.--Sanitary Facilities

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for

 onsite investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry

 indicates that no rating is applicable)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

23A: | | | | |

 Blount-----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

23B2: | | | | |

 Blount-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

56B: | | | | |

 Dana-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

56B2: | | | | |

 Dana-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

67A: | | | | |

 Harpster---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | seepage | seepage | ponding | hard to pack

 | | ponding | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | |

69A: | | | | |

 Milford----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | too clayey | ponding | hard to pack

 | ponding | | ponding | | too clayey

 | | | | | ponding

 | | | | |

91A: | | | | |

 Swygert----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

91B2: | | | | |

 Swygert----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

102A: | | | | |

 La Hogue---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

125A: | | | | |

 Selma------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | seepage | seepage | ponding | ponding

 | | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

134A: | | | | |

 Camden-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight---------|Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | | too clayey

 | | | | |
Ford County, Illinois 179

Table 15.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

146A: | | | | |

 Elliott----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | wetness | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

146B2: | | | | |

 Elliott----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

147A: | | | | |

 Clarence---------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

147B2: | | | | |

 Clarence---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

148B: | | | | |

 Proctor----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight---------|Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | | too sandy

 | | | | |

148B2: | | | | |

 Proctor----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight---------|Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | | too clayey

 | | | | |

149A: | | | | |

 Brenton----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | wetness | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

150B: | | | | |

 Onarga-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | poor filter | seepage | seepage | seepage | seepage

 | | | too sandy | | too sandy

 | | | | |

151A: | | | | |

 Ridgeville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | wetness

 | poor filter | wetness | too sandy | wetness |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

152A: | | | | |

 Drummer----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | seepage | seepage | ponding | ponding

 | | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

153A: | | | | |

 Pella------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | ponding | seepage | seepage | ponding | ponding

 | | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

189A: | | | | |

 Martinton--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |
180 Soil Survey of

Table 15.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

192A: | | | | |

 Del Rey----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

221C2: | | | | |

 Parr-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

221C3: | | | | |

 Parr-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

223B2: | | | | |

 Varna------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | |

223C2: | | | | |

 Varna------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | |

230A: | | | | |

 Rowe-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | too clayey | ponding | hard to pack

 | ponding | | ponding | | too clayey

 | | | | | ponding

 | | | | |

232A: | | | | |

 Ashkum-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | | | |

 | | | | |

235A: | | | | |

 Bryce------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | too clayey | ponding | hard to pack

 | ponding | | ponding | | too clayey

 | | | | | ponding

 | | | | |

238A: | | | | |

 Rantoul----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | too clayey | ponding | hard to pack

 | ponding | | ponding | | too clayey

 | | | | | ponding

 | | | | |

241C3: | | | | |

 Chatsworth-------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

241D3: | | | | |

 Chatsworth-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | slope | hard to pack

 | wetness | | | wetness | too clayey

 | | | | |

294B: | | | | |

 Symerton---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | slope | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |
Ford County, Illinois 181

Table 15.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

295A: | | | | |

 Mokena-----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

330A: | | | | |

 Peotone----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | ponding | too clayey | ponding | hard to pack

 | ponding | | ponding | | too clayey

 | | | | | ponding

 | | | | |

375A: | | | | |

 Rutland----------------|Severe: |Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

375B: | | | | |

 Rutland----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | wetness | | too clayey

 | | | | | wetness

 | | | | |

481A: | | | | |

 Raub-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

530B: | | | | |

 Ozaukee----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

530D2: | | | | |

 Ozaukee----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | wetness | | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

530E2: | | | | |

 Ozaukee----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | | |

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

541B2: | | | | |

 Graymont---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | slope | wetness | |

 | | | | |

570C2: | | | | |

 Martinsville-----------|Slight---------|Severe: |Severe: |Slight---------|Good

 | | seepage | seepage | |

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

614A: | | | | |

 Chenoa-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | wetness | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | | | wetness

 | | | | |
182 Soil Survey of

Table 15.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

687B: | | | | |

 Penfield---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Good

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | wetness |

 | wetness | slope | wetness | |

 | | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

802B: | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy--------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight---------|Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | | too clayey

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

805B: | | | | |

 Orthents, clayey-------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | wetness | hard to pack

 | wetness | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

865. | | | | |

 Pits, gravel | | | | |

 | | | | |

1103A: | | | | |

 Houghton---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | excess humus | excess humus | seepage | excess humus

 | subsides | seepage | seepage | ponding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | |

 | | | | |

3107A: | | | | |

 Sawmill----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | ponding

 | ponding | ponding | ponding | ponding |

 | | | | |

3405A: | | | | |

 Zook-------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | hard to pack

 | percs slowly | ponding | too clayey | ponding | too clayey

 | ponding | | ponding | | ponding

 | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ford County, Illinois 183

Table 16.--Construction Materials

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an

 entry indicates that no rating is applicable)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

23A: | | | |

 Blount------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

23B2: | | | |

 Blount------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

56B: | | | |

 Dana--------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

56B2: | | | |

 Dana--------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

67A: | | | |

 Harpster----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

69A: | | | |

 Milford-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

91A: | | | |

 Swygert-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | | | |

91B2: | | | |

 Swygert-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | | | |

102A: | | | |

 La Hogue----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

125A: | | | |

 Selma-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | | | |

134A: | | | |

 Camden------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | shrink-swell | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

146A: | | | |

 Elliott-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

146B2: | | | |

 Elliott-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |
184 Soil Survey of

Table 16.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

147A: | | | |

 Clarence----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

147B2: | | | |

 Clarence----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

148B: | | | |

 Proctor-----------------|Good--------------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

148B2: | | | |

 Proctor-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | shrink-swell | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

149A: | | | |

 Brenton-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | shrink-swell | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

150B: | | | |

 Onarga------------------|Good--------------|Probable----------|Improbable: |Fair:

 | | | too sandy | area reclaim

 | | | | thin layer

 | | | |

151A: | | | |

 Ridgeville--------------|Fair: |Probable----------|Improbable: |Good

 | wetness | | too sandy |

 | | | |

152A: | | | |

 Drummer-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

153A: | | | |

 Pella-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

189A: | | | |

 Martinton---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

192A: | | | |

 Del Rey-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

221C2: | | | |

 Parr--------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

221C3: | | | |

 Parr--------------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |
Ford County, Illinois 185

Table 16.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

223B2: | | | |

 Varna-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

223C2: | | | |

 Varna-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

230A: | | | |

 Rowe--------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

232A: | | | |

 Ashkum------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

235A: | | | |

 Bryce-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

238A: | | | |

 Rantoul-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

241C3: | | | |

 Chatsworth--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

241D3: | | | |

 Chatsworth--------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | area reclaim

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

294B: | | | |

 Symerton----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

295A: | | | |

 Mokena------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

330A: | | | |

 Peotone-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

375A: | | | |

 Rutland-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | | | |

375B: | | | |

 Rutland-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | | | |
186 Soil Survey of

Table 16.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

481A: | | | |

 Raub--------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

530B: | | | |

 Ozaukee-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

530D2: | | | |

 Ozaukee-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

530E2: | | | |

 Ozaukee-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

541B2: | | | |

 Graymont----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

570C2: | | | |

 Martinsville------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | shrink-swell | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

614A: | | | |

 Chenoa------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

687B: | | | |

 Penfield----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | | | |

802B: | | | |

 Orthents, loamy---------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | shrink-swell | | | too clayey

 | | | |

805B: | | | |

 Orthents, clayey--------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | | | |

865. | | | |

 Pits, gravel | | | |

 | | | |

1103A: | | | |

 Houghton----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess humus | excess humus | excess humus

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

3107A: | | | |

 Sawmill-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |
Ford County, Illinois 187

Table 16.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

3405A: | | | |

 Zook--------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | | wetness

 | wetness | | |

 | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 17.--Water Management (The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for ons

 See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating is a____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | Limitations for-- | Features affecting ___________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 23A: | | | | | |  Blount-----------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | | wetness | no water | frost action | percs slowly | erodes  | | | | percs slowly | wetness | percs s | | | | | | wetness  | | | | | | 23B2: | | | | | |  Blount-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | slope | wetness | no water | frost action | percs slowly | erodes  | | | | percs slowly | wetness | percs s | | | | | | wetness  | | | | | | 56B: | | | | | |  Dana-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | seepage | wetness | no water | frost action | slope | erodes  | slope | | | slope | | wetness  | | | | | | 56B2: | | | | | |  Dana-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | seepage | wetness | no water | frost action | slope | erodes  | slope | | | slope | | wetness  | | | | | | 67A: | | | | | |  Harpster---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | seepage | ponding | slow refill | frost action | ponding | erodes  | | | | ponding | | ponding  | | | | | | 69A: | | | | | |  Milford----------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | | ponding | slow refill | frost action | ponding | erodes  | | | | ponding | | ponding  | | | | | | 91A: | | | | | |  Swygert----------------|Slight--------|Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | | hard to pack | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs s | | wetness | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | |  | | | | | | 91B2: | | | | | |  Swygert----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | slope | hard to pack | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs s | | wetness | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | |  | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Water Management--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting __________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrac and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diver | | levees | ponds | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 102A: | | | | | |  La Hogue---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Favorable-----|Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | wetness | cutbanks cave| | wetness | wetnes | | | | | | 125A: | | | | | |  Selma------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | ponding | cutbanks cave| frost action | ponding | pondin | | | | ponding | |  | | | | | | 134A: | | | | | |  Camden-----------------|Severe: |Slight--------|Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | | | | | 146A: | | | | | |  Elliott----------------|Slight--------|Moderate: |Severe: |Favorable-----|Limitation: |Limitat | | hard to pack | no water | | percs slowly | erodes  | | piping | | | wetness | percs  | | wetness | | | | wetnes | | | | | | 146B2: | | | | | |  Elliott----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes  | | wetness | | | wetness | percs  | | | | | | wetnes | | | | | | 147A: | | | | | |  Clarence---------------|Slight--------|Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | | hard to pack | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes  | | wetness | | | wetness | percs  | | | | | droughty | wetnes | | | | | | 147B2: | | | | | |  Clarence---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes  | | wetness | | | wetness | percs  | | | | | droughty | wetnes | | | | | | 148B: | | | | | |  Proctor----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | erodes  | | | | | | 148B2: | | | | | |  Proctor----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | erodes  | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Water Management--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting __________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrac and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diver | | levees | ponds | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 149A: | | | | | |  Brenton----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | wetness | cutbanks cave| frost action | wetness | erodes  | | | | | | wetnes | | | | | | 150B: | | | | | |  Onarga-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | seepage | no water | deep to water| slope | too sa | | piping | | | soil blowing | soil b | | | | | | 151A: | | | | | |  Ridgeville-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Favorable-----|Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | seepage | cutbanks cave| | wetness | wetnes | | piping | | | soil blowing | soil b | | wetness | | | |  | | | | | | 152A: | | | | | |  Drummer----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | ponding | cutbanks cave| frost action | ponding | erodes  | | | | ponding | | pondin | | | | | | 153A: | | | | | |  Pella------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | ponding | cutbanks cave| frost action | ponding | erodes  | | | | ponding | | pondin | | | | | | 189A: | | | | | |  Martinton--------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Favorable-----|Limitation: |Limitat | | wetness | slow refill | | wetness | erodes  | | | | | | wetnes | | | | | | 192A: | | | | | |  Del Rey----------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | | wetness | no water | frost action | percs slowly | erodes  | | | | percs slowly | wetness | percs  | | | | | | wetnes | | | | | | 221C2: | | | | | |  Parr-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | no water | slope | slope | erodes  | slope | wetness | | | | wetnes | | | | | | 221C3: | | | | | |  Parr-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | no water | slope | slope | erodes  | slope | wetness | | | | wetnes | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Water Management--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting __________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrac and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diver | | levees | ponds | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 223B2: | | | | | |  Varna------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes  | | wetness | | | wetness | percs  | | | | | | wetnes | | | | | | 223C2: | | | | | |  Varna------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes  | | wetness | | slope | slope | percs  | | | | | wetness | wetnes | | | | | | 230A: | | | | | |  Rowe-------------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | | hard to pack | slow refill | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs  | | ponding | | ponding | ponding | pondin | | | | | | 232A: | | | | | |  Ashkum-----------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | | ponding | slow refill | frost action | ponding | erodes  | | | | ponding | | pondin | | | | | | 235A: | | | | | |  Bryce------------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | | ponding | slow refill | frost action | percs slowly | percs  | | | | percs slowly | slow intake | pondin | | | | ponding | ponding |  | | | | | | 238A: | | | | | |  Rantoul----------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | | hard to pack | slow refill | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs  | | ponding | | ponding | slow intake | pondin | | | | | ponding |  | | | | | | 241C3: | | | | | |  Chatsworth-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | percs slowly | slope | erodes  | | wetness | | slope | slow intake | percs  | | | | | droughty | wetnes | | | | | | 241D3: | | | | | |  Chatsworth-------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | percs slowly | slope | erodes  | | wetness | | slope | slow intake | slope  | | | | | droughty | wetnes | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting ___________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 294B: | | | | | |  Symerton---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | seepage | wetness | no water | percs slowly | slope | erodes  | slope | | | slope | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | 295A: | | | | | |  Mokena-----------------|Slight--------|Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | | wetness | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs s | | | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | |  | | | | | | 330A: | | | | | |  Peotone----------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | | ponding | slow refill | frost action | ponding | erodes  | | | | ponding | | ponding  | | | | | | 375A: | | | | | |  Rutland----------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Favorable-----|Limitation: |Limitati | | wetness | no water | | percs slowly | erodes  | | | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | 375B: | | | | | |  Rutland----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | slope | wetness | no water | slope | percs slowly | erodes  | | | | | slope | wetness  | | | | | wetness |  | | | | | | 481A: | | | | | |  Raub-------------------|Slight--------|Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | | wetness | no water | frost action | wetness | erodes  | | | | | | wetness  | | | | | |  | | | | | | 530B: | | | | | |  Ozaukee----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | slope | hard to pack | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes  | | wetness | | | wetness | percs s | | | | | | wetness  | | | | | | 530D2: | | | | | |  Ozaukee----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | slope | wetness | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes  | | | | slope | slope | slope  | | | | | wetness | wetness  | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Water Management--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting __________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrac and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diver | | levees | ponds | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 530E2: | | | | | |  Ozaukee----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | wetness | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes  | | | | slope | slope | slope  | | | | | wetness | wetnes | | | | | | 541B2: | | | | | |  Graymont---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | hard to pack | no water | frost action | percs slowly | erodes  | slope | piping | | percs slowly | slope | percs  | | wetness | | slope | wetness | wetnes | | | | | | 570C2: | | | | | |  Martinsville-----------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorab | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope |  | | | | | | 614A: | | | | | |  Chenoa-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | wetness | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes  | | | | | wetness | percs  | | | | | | wetnes | | | | | | 687B: | | | | | |  Penfield---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorab | seepage | piping | slow refill | deep to water| slope |  | slope | wetness | deep to water| | |  | | | | | | 802B: | | | | | |  Orthents, loamy--------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | | | | slope |  | | | | | | 805B: | | | | | |  Orthents, clayey-------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | percs slowly | slope | erodes  | | | | slope | slow intake | percs  | | | | | wetness | wetnes | | | | | | 865. | | | | | |  Pits, gravel | | | | | |  | | | | | | 1103A: | | | | | |  Houghton---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | excess humus | slow refill | ponding | soil blowing | soil b | | ponding | | subsides | ponding | pondin | | | | frost action | |  | | | | | | 
Table 17.--Water Management--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting __________________________________________________________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrac and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diver | | levees | ponds | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | 3107A: | | | | | |  Sawmill----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | ponding | slow refill | flooding | flooding | pondin | | | | frost action | ponding |  | | | | ponding | |  | | | | | | 3405A: | | | | | |  Zook-------------------|Slight--------|Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | | hard to pack | slow refill | flooding | percs slowly | percs  | | wetness | | percs slowly | slow intake | pondin | | | | ponding | ponding |  | | | | | | ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties (Absence of an entry indicates that the data were not estimated) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 23A: | | | | | | | | |  Blount----------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | 7-13 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | 13-26 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-98 |70-97  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 26-32 |Silty clay |CH, CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|80-95 |65-93  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 32-60 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-10 |90-100|80-93 |65-92  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 23B2: | | | | | | | | |  Blount----------| 0-4 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | 4-16 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-98 |70-97  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 16-31 |Silty clay |CH, ML, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|80-95 |65-93  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 31-60 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-10 |90-100|80-93 |65-92  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 56B: | | | | | | | | |  Dana------------| 0-11 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 11-32 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 32-58 |Clay loam |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-3 |90-98 |90-98 |80-90  | 58-80 |Loam, clay loam|CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |90-98 |80-98 |75-85  | | | | | | | | | 56B2: | | | | | | | | |  Dana------------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 7-34 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 34-53 |Clay loam |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-3 |90-98 |90-98 |80-90  | 53-60 |Loam, clay loam|CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0-1 | 0-3 |90-98 |80-98 |75-85  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 67A: | | | | | | | | |  Harpster--------| 0-18 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | 18-36 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | 36-41 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 41-60 |Stratified |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | | sandy loam to | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 69A: | | | | | | | | |  Milford---------| 0-18 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | 18-50 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 50-60 |Stratified |CL, SC |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | | sandy loam to | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 91A: | | | | | | | | |  Swygert---------| 0-12 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | 12-18 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 18-51 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 51-60 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 91B2: | | | | | | | | |  Swygert---------| 0-7 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | 7-12 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 12-48 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 48-60 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 102A: | | | | | | | | |  La Hogue--------| 0-16 |Loam |ML, CL-ML, CL|A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-10 | 16-43 |Clay loam, |CL, SC |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|80-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 43-80 |Stratified |SM, SC, ML, |A-2-4, A-4, | 0 | 0 | 100 |80-100|75-90  | | loamy sand to | CL | A-6 | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 125A: | | | | | | | | |  Selma-----------| 0-6 |Loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-10 | 6-13 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-10 | 13-44 |Loam, silty |CL, SC |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|80-95  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 44-80 |Stratified sand|CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-2, A-6| 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|60-90  | | to silt loam | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 134A: | | | | | | | | |  Camden----------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 8-13 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 13-38 |Silty clay |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 38-56 |Clay loam, silt|ML, CL, SM, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|60-10 | | loam, sandy | SC | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 56-60 |Stratified |SM, SC, ML, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-100|50-85  | | loamy sand to | CL | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 146A: | | | | | | | | |  Elliott---------| 0-6 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | 6-11 |Silty clay loam|CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | 11-41 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|85-100|80-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | 41-60 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-100|75-10 | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 146B2: | | | | | | | | |  Elliott---------| 0-8 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | 8-27 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|85-100|80-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | 27-60 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-100|75-10 | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 147A: | | | | | | | | |  Clarence--------| 0-11 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | 11-39 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 39-60 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 147B2: | | | | | | | | |  Clarence--------| 0-8 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | 8-35 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 35-60 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 148B: | | | | | | | | |  Proctor---------| 0-11 |Silt loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 11-28 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 28-33 |Clay loam, |CL, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4, | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|75-10 | | sandy loam, | SC, SC-SM | A-6, A-7 | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 33-60 |Stratified |CL, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0 |85-100|80-100|50-10 | | loamy sand to | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 148B2: | | | | | | | | |  Proctor---------| 0-11 |Silt loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 11-26 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 26-40 |Clay loam, |CL-ML, CL, |A-4, A-6, | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|75-10 | | silty clay | SC-SM, SC | A-7, A-2 | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 40-60 |Stratified |SC-SM, SC, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0 |85-100|80-100|50-10 | | loamy sand to | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | silt loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 149A: | | | | | | | | |  Brenton---------| 0-16 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 16-35 |Silty clay |CL, ML |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 35-53 |Clay loam, silt|CL, SC |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 53-72 |Stratified |SC-SM, SC, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0 |95-100|80-100|80-10 | | loamy sand to | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 150B: | | | | | | | | |  Onarga----------| 0-13 |Fine sandy loam|SC, SC-SM, SM|A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-95  | 13-29 |Loam, sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-2-4, A-2-6,| 0 | 0 |98-100|95-100|75-95  | | loam, fine | SC, SC-SM | A-4, A-6 | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 29-60 |Stratified sand|SC-SM, SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|65-95  | | to sandy loam | SP-SM | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 151A: | | | | | | | | |  Ridgeville------| 0-25 |Fine sandy loam|SC-SM, SM |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |75-10 | 25-40 |Fine sandy |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |98-100|95-100|75-95  | | loam, loam, | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | sandy loam | | | | | | |  | 40-60 |Loamy sand, |SC, SC-SM, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|65-95  | | sandy loam, | SM, SP-SM | | | | | |  | | fine sand | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 152A: | | | | | | | | |  Drummer---------| 0-14 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | 14-41 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 41-47 |Loam, clay |CL, SC |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 47-60 |Stratified |SC-SM, SC, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-5 |95-100|80-98 |75-95  | | loamy sand to | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 153A: | | | | | | | | |  Pella-----------| 0-12 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | 12-33 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | 33-42 |Silty clay |CL, SC |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-100|85-95  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 42-60 |Stratified |SC-SM, SC, |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0-1 | 0-5 |90-100|80-100|50-10 | | loamy sand to | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 189A: | | | | | | | | |  Martinton-------| 0-12 |Silt loam |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | 12-39 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 39-60 |Stratified |CL, SC |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|75-10 | | sandy loam to | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 192A: | | | | | | | | |  Del Rey---------| 0-4 |Silt loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | 4-9 |Silt loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | 9-41 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 41-60 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 221C2: | | | | | | | | |  Parr------------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |98-100|95-100|80-10 | 8-34 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|75-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 34-60 |Loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0-3 |85-100|80-98 |70-85  | | | | | | | | | 221C3: | | | | | | | | |  Parr------------| 0-8 |Clay loam |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|75-10 | 8-37 |Clay loam, loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|75-95  | 37-60 |Loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4 | 0 | 0-3 |85-100|80-98 |70-85  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 223B2: | | | | | | | | |  Varna-----------| 0-12 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | 12-39 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|85-100|80-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | 39-60 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|85-100|80-10 | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 223C2: | | | | | | | | |  Varna-----------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | 9-40 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|85-100|80-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | 40-60 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-10 |95-100|85-100|80-10 | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 230A: | | | | | | | | |  Rowe------------| 0-14 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |98-100|90-10 | 14-48 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |98-100|95-100|90-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 48-63 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|90-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 232A: | | | | | | | | |  Ashkum----------| 0-12 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | 12-29 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|85-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 29-60 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-100|80-10 | | | | | | | | | 235A: | | | | | | | | |  Bryce-----------| 0-13 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 13-45 |Silty clay, |CH |A-7 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|95-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 45-66 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|90-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 238A: | | | | | | | | |  Rantoul---------| 0-17 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |98-100|90-10 | 17-40 |Silty clay, |CH, CL, MH, |A-7 | 0 | 0 |98-100|95-100|90-10 | | clay | ML | | | | | |  | 40-60 |Silty clay |CH, CL, MH, |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|90-100|90-10 | | loam, silty | ML | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 241C3: | | | | | | | | |  Chatsworth------| 0-5 |Silty clay |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 5-16 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 16-60 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 241D3: | | | | | | | | |  Chatsworth------| 0-2 |Silty clay |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 2-22 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 22-60 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 294B: | | | | | | | | |  Symerton--------| 0-19 |Silt loam |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 19-35 |Gravelly clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-3 | 0-10 |95-100|75-95 |75-90  | | loam, loam, | | | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 35-39 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-100|80-95  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 39-60 |Silt loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|90-100|85-95  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 295A: | | | | | | | | |  Mokena----------| 0-15 |Silt loam, loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |98-100|95-100|85-10 | 15-38 |Clay loam, |CL, SC |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|70-90  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 38-42 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|90-100|85-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 42-80 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-100|85-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 330A: | | | | | | | | |  Peotone---------| 0-13 |Silty clay loam|CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | 13-50 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-3 |98-100|95-100|90-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 50-60 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 375A: | | | | | | | | |  Rutland---------| 0-14 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 14-36 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 36-44 |Silty clay |CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 44-52 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |98-100|95-100|90-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 52-60 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|90-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 375B: | | | | | | | | |  Rutland---------| 0-13 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 13-40 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 40-50 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |98-100|95-100|90-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 50-60 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|90-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 481A: | | | | | | | | |  Raub------------| 0-18 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 18-32 |Silty clay loam|CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 32-50 |Clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|85-95  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 50-60 |Loam, clay loam|CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |85-95 |85-95 |70-85  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 530B: | | | | | | | | |  Ozaukee---------| 0-4 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-1 |98-100|98-100|90-10 | 4-10 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-2 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | 10-39 |Silty clay |CL, CH |A-7 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-98 |85-98 |85-95  | | loam, clay, | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | 39-60 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-98 |80-95 |75-95  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 530D2: | | | | | | | | |  Ozaukee---------| 0-6 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-1 |98-100|98-100|90-10 | 6-28 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-7 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-98 |85-98 |85-95  | | loam, clay, | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | 28-60 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |90-98 |80-95 |75-95  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 530E2: | | | | | | | | |  Ozaukee---------| 0-6 |Silt loam |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-1 |98-100|98-100|90-10 | 6-28 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-7 | 0-1 | 0-10 |90-98 |85-98 |85-95  | | loam, clay, | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | 28-60 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7-6 | 0-1 | 0-10 |90-98 |80-95 |75-95  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 541B2: | | | | | | | | |  Graymont--------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4, A-6, | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | | | A-7-6 | | | | |  | 8-24 |Silty clay |MH, ML |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 24-35 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-99 |80-95  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 35-60 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|80-98 |80-95  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 570C2: | | | | | | | | |  Martinsville----| 0-9 |Loam |ML, CL-ML, |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|75-10 | | | CL, SC-SM | | | | | |  | 9-45 |Clay loam, |CL, SC |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|70-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 45-57 |Sandy loam, |SC-SM, SC, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|55-95  | | sandy clay | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 57-80 |Stratified sand|SM, SC-SM, |A-1, A-2-4, | 0 | 0 |95-100|85-100|45-95  | | to silt loam | SC, CL-ML | A-4 | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 614A: | | | | | | | | |  Chenoa----------| 0-12 |Silty clay loam|CL, ML |A-6, A-4, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 12-32 |Silty clay |MH, ML |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 32-36 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-4, A-7, A-6| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-99 |80-95  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 36-60 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-4, A-7, A-6| 0 | 0-5 |90-100|85-98 |80-95  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 687B: | | | | | | | | |  Penfield--------| 0-10 |Loam |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|85-10 | 10-61 |Clay loam, |CL, SC |A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-95  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 61-72 |Fine sandy |SC-SM, SC, |A-2-4, A-4, | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|60-70  | | loam, loam, | CL-ML, CL | A-6 | | | | |  | | sandy clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 72-80 |Stratified sand|SC-SM, SC, |A-2-4, A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |85-100|75-90  | | to silt loam | CL-ML, CL | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 802B: | | | | | | | | |  Orthents, loamy-| 0-6 |Loam |CL |A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|85-100|80-95  | 6-60 |Loam, silt |CL |A-6 | 0-1 | 0-5 |95-100|80-100|75-95  | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 18.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | |  | | | | | | | | | 805B: | | | | | | | | |  Orthents, clayey| 0-6 |Silty clay |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 |98-100|90-100|85-10 | 6-60 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 |98-100|85-100|80-98  | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 865. | | | | | | | | |  Pits, gravel | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 1103A: | | | | | | | | |  Houghton--------| 0-12 |Muck |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | 12-60 |Muck |PT |A-8 | 0 | 0 | --- | --- | ---  | | | | | | | | | 3107A: | | | | | | | | |  Sawmill---------| 0-17 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 17-32 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 32-58 |Silty clay loam|CL |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | 58-65 |Silty clay |CL, SC |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|75-10 | | loam, clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 3405A: | | | | | | | | |  Zook------------| 0-7 |Silty clay |CH |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | 7-27 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |95-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 27-53 |Silty clay |CH, CL |A-7, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 53-60 |Silty clay |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Table 19.--Physical Properties of the Soils (Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire profile. Entries under "Wind erodibility group" and "Win

 apply only to the surface layer. Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated) ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 23A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Blount--------------| 0-7 | 5-20| 53-77| 18-27|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .32 |  | 7-13 | 5-20| 53-80| 15-27|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .37 |  | 13-26 | 5-25| 27-60| 35-48|1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.6 |0.12-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .37 |  | 26-32 | 10-30| 25-63| 27-45|1.50-1.70| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | 32-60 | 10-30| 30-63| 27-40|1.70-2.00| 0.06-0.2 |0.05-0.10| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 23B2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Blount--------------| 0-4 | 5-20| 53-77| 18-27|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 |  | 4-16 | 5-25| 27-60| 35-48|1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.6 |0.12-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .37 |  | 16-31 | 10-30| 25-63| 27-45|1.50-1.70| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | 31-60 | 10-30| 30-63| 27-40|1.70-2.00| 0.06-0.2 |0.05-0.10| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 56B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Dana----------------| 0-11 | 0-15| 58-82| 18-27|1.25-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .28 |  | 11-32 | 0-15| 50-73| 27-35|1.25-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 |  | 32-58 | 20-40| 25-53| 27-35|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 58-80 | 20-45| 25-65| 15-30|1.60-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 56B2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Dana----------------| 0-7 | 0-15| 58-82| 18-27|1.25-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .28 |  | 7-34 | 0-15| 50-73| 27-35|1.25-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 |  | 34-53 | 20-40| 25-53| 27-35|1.40-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 53-60 | 20-45| 25-65| 15-30|1.60-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 67A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Harpster------------| 0-18 | 0-15| 50-73| 27-35|1.05-1.25| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-6.0 | .24 |  | 18-36 | 0-15| 50-73| 27-35|1.20-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 36-41 | 0-30| 35-78| 22-35|1.25-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 |  | 41-60 | 5-55| 15-80| 15-30|1.40-1.60| 0.6-6 |0.11-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 69A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Milford-------------| 0-18 | 5-25| 35-60| 35-40|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.23| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-6.0 | .20 |  | 18-50 | 0-25| 33-65| 35-42|1.40-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 50-60 | 0-55| 15-82| 18-30|1.50-1.70| 0.2-0.6 |0.20-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 91A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Swygert-------------| 0-12 | 5-15| 45-68| 27-40|1.25-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .20 |  | 12-18 | 5-15| 40-65| 30-45|1.30-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .32 |  | 18-51 | 5-20| 30-50| 45-50|1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.2 |0.05-0.12| 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 |  | 51-60 | 5-20| 20-57| 38-60|1.70-1.90| 0.0-0.06 |0.03-0.05| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |________ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | K_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 91B2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Swygert-------------| 0-7 | 5-15| 45-68| 27-40|1.25-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .20 |  | 7-12 | 5-15| 40-65| 30-45|1.30-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .32 |  | 12-48 | 5-20| 30-50| 45-50|1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.2 |0.05-0.12| 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 |  | 48-60 | 5-20| 20-57| 38-60|1.70-1.90| 0.0-0.06 |0.03-0.05| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 102A: | | | | | | | | | | |  La Hogue------------| 0-16 | 25-45| 28-65| 10-27|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .24 |  | 16-43 | 15-60| 5-67| 18-35|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .32 |  | 43-80 | 15-80| 0-80| 5-25|1.55-1.75| 0.6-6 |0.08-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 125A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Selma---------------| 0-6 | 20-45| 28-60| 20-27|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-6.0 | .24 |  | 6-13 | 20-45| 20-53| 27-35|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .17 |  | 13-44 | 15-62| 6-67| 18-32|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-2.0 | .32 |  | 44-80 | 30-90| 0-63| 7-18|1.60-1.90| 2-6 |0.07-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 134A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Camden--------------| 0-8 | 0-10| 63-86| 14-27|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .43 |  | 8-13 | 0-10| 65-88| 12-25|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.1-1.0 | .49 |  | 13-38 | 0-10| 55-78| 22-35|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 0.1-0.5 | .37 |  | 38-56 | 15-65| 5-67| 18-30|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2 |0.11-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 56-60 | 15-80| 0-80| 5-25|1.40-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.08-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 146A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Elliott-------------| 0-6 | 0-15| 55-76| 24-27|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-5.0 | .24 |  | 6-11 | 0-15| 50-73| 27-35|1.15-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .20 |  | 11-41 | 4-25| 25-61| 35-50|1.30-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.11-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-2.0 | .37 |  | 41-60 | 5-30| 30-68| 27-40|1.70-1.90| 0.06-0.2 |0.07-0.10| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 146B2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Elliott-------------| 0-8 | 0-15| 50-73| 27-35|1.15-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .20 |  | 8-27 | 4-25| 25-61| 35-50|1.30-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.11-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-2.0 | .37 |  | 27-60 | 5-30| 30-68| 27-40|1.70-1.90| 0.06-0.2 |0.07-0.10| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 147A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Clarence------------| 0-11 | 1-15| 45-72| 27-40|1.20-1.45| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .20 |  | 11-39 | 1-15| 25-49| 50-60|1.40-1.60| 0.0-0.06 |0.07-0.09| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .32 |  | 39-60 | 1-15| 25-59| 40-60|1.65-1.85| 0.0-0.06 |0.03-0.07| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 147B2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Clarence------------| 0-8 | 1-15| 45-72| 27-40|1.20-1.45| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .20 |  | 8-35 | 1-15| 25-49| 50-60|1.40-1.60| 0.0-0.06 |0.07-0.09| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .32 |  | 35-60 | 1-15| 25-59| 40-60|1.65-1.85| 0.0-0.06 |0.03-0.07| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |________ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | K_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 148B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Proctor-------------| 0-11 | 0-10| 63-82| 18-27|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .28 |  | 11-28 | 0-10| 55-75| 25-35|1.20-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 28-33 | 15-70| 0-67| 18-32|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.16| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .32 |  | 33-60 | 15-85| 0-80| 5-20|1.40-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.07-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 148B2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Proctor-------------| 0-11 | 0-10| 63-82| 18-27|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .28 |  | 11-26 | 0-10| 55-75| 25-35|1.20-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 26-40 | 10-75| 0-72| 18-32|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.13-0.16| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .32 |  | 40-60 | 15-80| 0-80| 5-20|1.40-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.07-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 149A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Brenton-------------| 0-16 | 0-15| 58-80| 20-27|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.26| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .28 |  | 16-35 | 0-15| 50-75| 25-35|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .37 |  | 35-53 | 15-60| 10-67| 18-30|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 53-72 | 15-80| 0-80| 5-30|1.50-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.11-0.20| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 150B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Onarga--------------| 0-13 | 50-75| 10-42| 8-15|1.30-1.65| 0.6-6 |0.13-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .20 |  | 13-29 | 45-75| 7-43| 12-18|1.45-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .24 |  | 29-60 | 65-95| 0-33| 2-10|1.65-1.90| 6-20 |0.05-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .15 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 151A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Ridgeville----------| 0-25 | 50-80| 10-38| 10-15|1.30-1.65| 0.6-6 |0.15-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .20 |  | 25-40 | 45-70| 12-43| 12-18|1.45-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.15-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .24 |  | 40-60 | 60-95| 0-37| 3-10|1.55-1.90| 6-20 |0.05-0.13| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .15 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 152A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Drummer-------------| 0-14 | 0-15| 50-73| 27-35|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-7.0 | .24 |  | 14-41 | 0-15| 50-80| 20-35|1.20-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 41-47 | 15-55| 12-70| 15-33|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 47-60 | 15-80| 0-75| 10-32|1.40-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.11-0.19| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 153A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Pella---------------| 0-12 | 0-15| 50-73| 27-35|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 5.0-6.0 | .24 |  | 12-33 | 0-15| 50-73| 27-35|1.20-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 |  | 33-42 | 10-55| 15-75| 15-30|1.35-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 42-60 | 15-80| 0-75| 10-30|1.40-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 189A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Martinton-----------| 0-12 | 5-25| 50-70| 20-27|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 4.0-5.0 | .24 |  | 12-39 | 5-25| 30-60| 35-45|1.25-1.45| 0.2-0.6 |0.11-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .37 |  | 39-60 | 10-65| 5-75| 15-42|1.40-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.11-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 192A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Del Rey-------------| 0-4 | 5-30| 43-80| 15-27|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .32 |  | 4-9 | 5-30| 45-80| 15-25|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .37 |  | 9-41 | 5-20| 35-60| 35-45|1.40-1.65| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .37 |  | 41-60 | 5-30| 37-73| 22-33|1.50-1.70| 0.06-0.2 |0.09-0.11| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 221C2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Parr----------------| 0-8 | 5-35| 50-80| 12-25|1.30-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .24 |  | 8-34 | 10-50| 20-65| 22-35|1.40-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 34-60 | 35-50| 30-50| 10-20|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 221C3: | | | | | | | | | | |  Parr----------------| 0-8 | 20-40| 25-53| 27-35|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .32 |  | 8-37 | 20-50| 15-53| 22-35|1.40-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .32 |  | 37-60 | 35-50| 30-50| 10-20|1.70-1.90| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 223B2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Varna---------------| 0-12 | 5-20| 53-75| 20-27|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .28 |  | 12-39 | 5-20| 30-60| 35-50|1.30-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.09-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 |  | 39-60 | 5-20| 40-68| 27-40|1.65-1.90| 0.06-0.2 |0.05-0.10| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 223C2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Varna---------------| 0-9 | 5-20| 53-75| 20-27|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-3.0 | .28 |  | 9-40 | 5-20| 30-60| 35-50|1.30-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.09-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .37 |  | 40-60 | 5-22| 40-68| 27-40|1.65-1.90| 0.06-0.2 |0.05-0.10| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 230A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Rowe----------------| 0-14 | 0-15| 45-70| 30-40|1.30-1.55| 0.06-0.2 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .20 |  | 14-48 | 0-15| 25-52| 48-60|1.30-1.60| 0.0-0.06 |0.09-0.13| 6.0-8.9 | 0.2-2.0 | .32 |  | 48-63 | 0-15| 35-60| 40-50|1.45-1.75| 0.0-0.06 |0.03-0.07| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 232A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Ashkum--------------| 0-12 | 0-20| 40-65| 35-40|1.15-1.35| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.20| 6.0-8.9 | 3.0-7.0 | .20 |  | 12-29 | 0-20| 35-65| 35-45|1.30-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.11-0.20| 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .32 |  | 29-60 | 5-15| 45-65| 30-40|1.45-1.75| 0.2-0.6 |0.09-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 235A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Bryce---------------| 0-13 | 5-15| 37-55| 40-48|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 5.0-7.0 | .17 |  | 13-45 | 5-20| 28-53| 42-52|1.35-1.60| 0.06-0.2 |0.09-0.13| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .32 |  | 45-66 | 5-20| 20-57| 38-60|1.60-1.75| 0.0-0.06 |0.03-0.05| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 238A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Rantoul-------------| 0-17 | 0-10| 40-60| 40-50|1.35-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.23| 6.0-8.9 | 4.0-7.0 | .24 |  | 17-40 | 0-15| 25-58| 42-60|1.45-1.65| 0.0-0.06 |0.09-0.13| 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-3.0 | .28 |  | 40-60 | 0-20| 25-65| 35-55|1.50-1.70| 0.0-0.06 |0.08-0.18| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 241C3: | | | | | | | | | | |  Chatsworth----------| 0-5 | 0-10| 30-60| 40-60|1.35-1.60| 0.0-0.06 |0.09-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 |  | 5-16 | 0-10| 30-65| 35-60|1.50-1.70| 0.0-0.06 |0.05-0.07| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 16-60 | 5-15| 35-60| 35-50|1.70-1.90| 0.0-0.06 |0.03-0.05| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 241D3: | | | | | | | | | | |  Chatsworth----------| 0-2 | 0-10| 30-60| 40-60|1.35-1.60| 0.0-0.06 |0.09-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 |  | 2-22 | 0-10| 30-65| 35-60|1.50-1.70| 0.0-0.06 |0.05-0.07| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 22-60 | 5-15| 35-60| 35-50|1.70-1.90| 0.0-0.06 |0.03-0.05| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 294B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Symerton------------| 0-19 | 0-15| 58-80| 20-27|1.15-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .24 |  | 19-35 | 15-60| 5-60| 25-35|1.35-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .28 |  | 35-39 | 5-25| 40-75| 20-35|1.40-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .37 |  | 39-60 | 5-20| 45-75| 20-35|1.45-1.75| 0.06-0.2 |0.05-0.10| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 295A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Mokena--------------| 0-15 | 0-30| 43-80| 20-27|1.15-1.35| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .24 |  | 15-38 | 15-55| 10-55| 23-35|1.35-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-2.0 | .32 |  | 38-42 | 1-20| 20-59| 40-60|1.40-1.70| 0.06-0.2 |0.05-0.12| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 42-80 | 1-20| 20-59| 40-60|1.65-1.85| 0.0-0.06 |0.03-0.07| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 330A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Peotone-------------| 0-13 | 0-10| 50-67| 33-40|1.20-1.40| 0.2-0.6 |0.21-0.23| 6.0-8.9 | 5.0-7.0 | .24 |  | 13-50 | 0-10| 45-65| 35-45|1.30-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.11-0.20| 6.0-8.9 | 0.5-3.0 | .37 |  | 50-60 | 0-20| 38-75| 25-42|1.40-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.20| 6.0-8.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 375A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Rutland-------------| 0-14 | 0-10| 55-73| 27-35|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .28 |  | 14-36 | 0-10| 45-65| 35-45|1.30-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.20| 6.0-8.9 | 0.2-2.0 | .37 |  | 36-44 | 0-15| 50-80| 20-35|1.35-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .37 |  | 44-52 | 1-15| 25-59| 40-60|1.45-1.70| 0.06-0.6 |0.05-0.12| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 52-60 | 1-15| 20-59| 40-65|1.65-1.85| 0.0-0.06 |0.03-0.07| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 375B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Rutland-------------| 0-13 | 0-10| 55-73| 27-35|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 3.0-5.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .28 |  | 13-40 | 0-10| 45-65| 35-45|1.30-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.20| 6.0-8.9 | 0.2-2.0 | .37 |  | 40-50 | 1-15| 25-59| 40-60|1.45-1.70| 0.06-0.6 |0.05-0.12| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 50-60 | 1-15| 20-59| 40-65|1.65-1.85| 0.0-0.06 |0.03-0.07| 6.0-8.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 481A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Raub----------------| 0-18 | 0-15| 58-80| 20-27|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 2.0-4.0 | .28 |  | 18-32 | 0-15| 50-73| 27-35|1.50-1.70| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .37 |  | 32-50 | 15-35| 30-61| 24-35|1.50-1.70| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-1.0 | .32 |  | 50-60 | 25-50| 18-55| 20-32|1.60-1.85| 0.2-0.6 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 530B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Ozaukee-------------| 0-4 | 5-15| 58-80| 15-27|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-3.0 | .32 |  | 4-10 | 5-15| 58-80| 15-27|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .37 |  | 10-39 | 5-15| 35-60| 35-50|1.60-1.70| 0.06-0.2 |0.08-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .37 |  | 39-60 | 5-23| 42-68| 27-35|1.70-1.90| 0.06-0.2 |0.05-0.10| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 530D2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Ozaukee-------------| 0-6 | 5-15| 58-80| 15-27|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 |  | 6-28 | 5-15| 35-60| 35-50|1.60-1.70| 0.06-0.2 |0.08-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .37 |  | 28-60 | 5-23| 42-68| 27-35|1.70-1.90| 0.06-0.2 |0.05-0.10| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 530E2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Ozaukee-------------| 0-6 | 5-15| 58-80| 15-27|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 |  | 6-28 | 5-15| 35-60| 35-50|1.60-1.70| 0.06-0.2 |0.08-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-0.5 | .37 |  | 28-60 | 5-23| 42-68| 27-35|1.70-1.90| 0.06-0.2 |0.05-0.10| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 541B2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Graymont------------| 0-8 | 0-10| 63-78| 22-27|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.22-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-4.0 | .28 |  | 8-24 | 0-10| 55-75| 25-35|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-2.0 | .37 |  | 24-35 | 10-20| 40-68| 22-40|1.50-1.75| 0.06-0.2 |0.14-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | 35-60 | 10-20| 46-66| 24-34|1.50-1.75| 0.06-0.2 |0.05-0.10| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 570C2: | | | | | | | | | | |  Martinsville--------| 0-9 | 30-50| 30-58| 12-20|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 | 1.0-2.0 | .32 |  | 9-45 | 12-50| 17-68| 20-33|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .32 |  | 45-57 | 20-60| 15-65| 15-25|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.12-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 | .32 |  | 57-80 | 15-90| 0-80| 5-20|1.50-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.08-0.17| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.2 | .28 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 614A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Chenoa--------------| 0-12 | 0-10| 58-73| 27-32|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-5.0 | .28 |  | 12-32 | 0-10| 45-68| 32-45|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-2.0 | .37 |  | 32-36 | 5-20| 40-70| 25-40|1.50-1.75| 0.06-0.2 |0.14-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .37 |  | 36-60 | 10-20| 40-66| 24-40|1.50-1.75| 0.06-0.2 |0.05-0.10| 3.0-5.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 687B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Penfield------------| 0-10 | 30-50| 28-60| 10-22|1.30-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.20-0.24| 0.0-2.9 | 3.0-5.0 | .24 |  | 10-61 | 15-55| 13-67| 18-32|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.16-0.18| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-1.0 | .32 |  | 61-72 | 45-65| 5-43| 12-30|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2 |0.14-0.16| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .28 |  | 72-80 | 15-90| 0-80| 5-20|1.50-1.70| 0.6-6 |0.10-0.21| 0.0-2.9 | 0.0-0.5 | .24 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 802B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Orthents, loamy-----| 0-6 | 23-52| 28-50| 22-27|1.70-1.75| 0.2-0.6 |0.18-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-2.0 | .43 |  | 6-60 | 20-52| 25-58| 22-30|1.70-1.80| 0.2-0.6 |0.16-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 805B: | | | | | | | | | | |  Orthents, clayey----| 0-6 | 5-20| 35-55| 40-60|1.50-1.65| 0.0-0.06 |0.08-0.14| 6.0-9.0 | 0.5-2.0 | .43 |  | 6-60 | 5-30| 15-60| 35-60|1.60-1.90| 0.0-0.06 |0.03-0.10| 6.0-9.0 | 0.2-1.0 | .43 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 
Table 19.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |Erosion  Map symbol | Depth | Sand | Silt | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear | Organic |_______ and soil name | | | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- | matter | |  | | | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ | In | Pct | Pct | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 865. | | | | | | | | | | |  Pits, gravel | | | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | 1103A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Houghton------------| 0-12 | 0-0 | 0-0 | 0-0 |0.20-0.35| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 70-99 | --- |  | 12-60 | 0-0 | 0-0 | 0-0 |0.15-0.25| 0.2-6 |0.35-0.45| --- | 70-99 | --- |  | | | | | | | | | | | 3107A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Sawmill-------------| 0-17 | 0-15| 50-73| 27-35|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 4.0-5.0 | .28 |  | 17-32 | 0-15| 50-73| 27-35|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2 |0.21-0.23| 3.0-5.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .28 |  | 32-58 | 5-20| 45-68| 27-35|1.30-1.45| 0.6-2 |0.17-0.20| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-2.0 | .32 |  | 58-65 | 5-55| 10-77| 18-35|1.35-1.50| 0.6-2 |0.15-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | 0.2-1.0 | .32 |  | | | | | | | | | | | 3405A: | | | | | | | | | | |  Zook----------------| 0-7 | 0-10| 45-60| 40-45|1.30-1.40| 0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.16| 6.0-8.9 | 5.0-7.0 | .24 |  | 7-27 | 0-10| 45-65| 35-45|1.30-1.45| 0.06-0.2 |0.11-0.18| 6.0-8.9 | 3.0-6.0 | .24 |  | 27-53 | 0-15| 40-73| 27-45|1.35-1.50| 0.06-0.2 |0.11-0.19| 6.0-8.9 | 1.0-4.0 | .28 |  | 53-60 | 0-15| 43-80| 20-42|1.35-1.55| 0.06-0.2 |0.10-0.22| 3.0-5.9 | 0.5-3.0 | .32 |  | | | | | | | | | | | ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
214 Soil Survey of

Table 20.--Chemical Properties of the Soils

(Absence of an entry indicates that data were not

 estimated)

___________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-

 | |capacity | | ate

 | | | | ___________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | |

23A: | | | |

 Blount---------------| 0-7 | 15-22 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 7-13 | 9.0-18 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 13-26 | 21-31 | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 26-32 | 16-30 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-25

 | 32-60 | 16-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 22-35

 | | | |

23B2: | | | |

 Blount---------------| 0-4 | 13-20 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 4-16 | 21-31 | 4.5-6.5 | 0

 | 16-31 | 16-28 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-25

 | 31-60 | 16-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 22-35

 | | | |

56B: | | | |

 Dana-----------------| 0-11 | 17-26 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 11-32 | 17-23 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 32-58 | 17-22 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | 58-80 | 9.0-19 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-25

 | | | |

56B2: | | | |

 Dana-----------------| 0-7 | 15-24 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 7-34 | 17-23 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 34-53 | 17-22 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | 53-60 | 9.0-19 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-25

 | | | |

67A: | | | |

 Harpster-------------| 0-18 | 24-33 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-40

 | 18-36 | 17-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-40

 | 36-41 | 14-23 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-40

 | 41-60 | 9.0-19 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-40

 | | | |

69A: | | | |

 Milford--------------| 0-18 | 26-36 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 18-50 | 22-29 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | 50-60 | 4.0-18 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-30

 | | | |

91A: | | | |

 Swygert--------------| 0-12 | 22-34 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 12-18 | 20-33 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 18-51 | 28-32 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | 51-60 | 23-37 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30

 | | | |

91B2: | | | |

 Swygert--------------| 0-7 | 20-32 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 7-12 | 20-33 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 12-48 | 28-32 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | 48-60 | 23-37 | 7.4-8.4 | 15-30

 | | | |

102A: | | | |

 La Hogue-------------| 0-16 | 12-24 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 16-43 | 12-25 | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | 43-80 | 4.0-17 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-20

 | | | |

125A: | | | |

 Selma----------------| 0-6 | 20-28 | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 6-13 | 22-31 | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 13-44 | 11-23 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-20

 | 44-80 | 7.0-20 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |
Ford County, Illinois 215

Table 20.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-

 | |capacity | | ate

 | | | | ___________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | |

134A: | | | |

 Camden---------------| 0-8 | 10-22 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-13 | 7.0-17 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 13-38 | 13-22 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 38-56 | 11-19 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 56-60 | 3.0-16 | 5.1-8.4 | 0-5

 | | | |

146A: | | | |

 Elliott--------------| 0-6 | 22-26 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 6-11 | 22-29 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 11-41 | 21-34 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | 41-60 | 16-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-40

 | | | |

146B2: | | | |

 Elliott--------------| 0-8 | 22-29 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 8-27 | 21-34 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | 27-60 | 16-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-40

 | | | |

147A: | | | |

 Clarence-------------| 0-11 | 19-30 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 11-39 | 25-32 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | 39-60 | 20-31 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | |

147B2: | | | |

 Clarence-------------| 0-8 | 17-28 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 8-35 | 25-32 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | 35-60 | 20-31 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | |

148B: | | | |

 Proctor--------------| 0-11 | 17-24 | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | 11-28 | 16-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 28-33 | 11-21 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 33-60 | 3.0-13 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | | | |

148B2: | | | |

 Proctor--------------| 0-11 | 15-24 | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | 11-26 | 16-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 26-40 | 11-21 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 40-60 | 3.0-13 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | | | |

149A: | | | |

 Brenton--------------| 0-16 | 18-26 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 16-35 | 15-23 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 35-53 | 12-19 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | 53-72 | 3.0-19 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |

150B: | | | |

 Onarga---------------| 0-13 | 8.0-17 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 13-29 | 7.0-13 | 4.5-7.3 | 0

 | 29-60 | 1.0-7.0 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | | | |

151A: | | | |

 Ridgeville-----------| 0-25 | 10-17 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 25-40 | 7.0-13 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 40-60 | 2.0-7.0 | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | | | |

152A: | | | |

 Drummer--------------| 0-14 | 24-35 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 14-41 | 13-25 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 41-47 | 9.0-21 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-20

 | 47-60 | 6.0-20 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-40

 | | | |
216 Soil Survey of

Table 20.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-

 | |capacity | | ate

 | | | | ___________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | |

153A: | | | |

 Pella----------------| 0-12 | 26-33 | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 12-33 | 17-23 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | 33-42 | 9.0-19 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

 | 42-60 | 6.0-18 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-40

 | | | |

189A: | | | |

 Martinton------------| 0-12 | 18-24 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 12-39 | 18-24 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | 39-60 | 7.0-22 | 6.1-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | |

192A: | | | |

 Del Rey--------------| 0-4 | 12-20 | 4.5-7.3 | 0

 | 4-9 | 10-18 | 4.5-7.3 | 0

 | 9-41 | 18-24 | 4.5-8.4 | 0-10

 | 41-60 | 12-18 | 7.9-8.4 | 5-40

 | | | |

221C2: | | | |

 Parr-----------------| 0-8 | 10-19 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 8-34 | 11-19 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 34-60 | 5.0-11 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-35

 | | | |

221C3: | | | |

 Parr-----------------| 0-8 | 14-20 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 8-37 | 11-19 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 37-60 | 5.0-11 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-35

 | | | |

223B2: | | | |

 Varna----------------| 0-12 | 16-22 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 12-39 | 22-32 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-15

 | 39-60 | 17-25 | 6.6-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | |

223C2: | | | |

 Varna----------------| 0-9 | 16-22 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 9-40 | 22-32 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-15

 | 40-60 | 17-25 | 6.6-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | |

230A: | | | |

 Rowe-----------------| 0-14 | 24-34 | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | 14-48 | 29-40 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-20

 | 48-63 | 24-32 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-25

 | | | |

232A: | | | |

 Ashkum---------------| 0-12 | 27-38 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 12-29 | 22-31 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5

 | 29-60 | 18-25 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-25

 | | | |

235A: | | | |

 Bryce----------------| 0-13 | 34-43 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 13-45 | 25-33 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | 45-66 | 23-37 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-25

 | | | |

238A: | | | |

 Rantoul--------------| 0-17 | 32-44 | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 17-40 | 26-42 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-15

 | 40-60 | 21-35 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-25

 | | | |

241C3: | | | |

 Chatsworth-----------| 0-5 | 25-38 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | 5-16 | 21-37 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-25

 | 16-60 | 21-30 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | |
Ford County, Illinois 217

Table 20.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-

 | |capacity | | ate

 | | | | ___________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | |

241D3: | | | |

 Chatsworth-----------| 0-2 | 25-38 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | 2-22 | 21-37 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-25

 | 22-60 | 21-30 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | |

294B: | | | |

 Symerton-------------| 0-19 | 18-24 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 19-35 | 16-23 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 35-39 | 13-22 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-15

 | 39-60 | 12-22 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | |

295A: | | | |

 Mokena---------------| 0-15 | 18-27 | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 15-38 | 14-25 | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 38-42 | 22-34 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-15

 | 42-80 | 20-31 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | |

330A: | | | |

 Peotone--------------| 0-13 | 30-38 | 5.6-7.8 | 0

 | 13-50 | 22-33 | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 50-60 | 15-26 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-15

 | | | |

375A: | | | |

 Rutland--------------| 0-14 | 22-28 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 14-36 | 21-31 | 5.1-7.8 | 0-5

 | 36-44 | 12-22 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-10

 | 44-52 | 22-32 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-15

 | 52-60 | 20-34 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

375B: | | | |

 Rutland--------------| 0-13 | 22-28 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 13-40 | 21-31 | 5.1-7.8 | 0-5

 | 40-50 | 22-32 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-15

 | 50-60 | 20-34 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | |

481A: | | | |

 Raub-----------------| 0-18 | 16-24 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 18-32 | 18-25 | 5.1-6.5 | 0

 | 32-50 | 16-23 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-5

 | 50-60 | 12-20 | 7.4-8.4 | 10-35

 | | | |

530B: | | | |

 Ozaukee--------------| 0-4 | 11-22 | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 4-10 | 9.0-18 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 10-39 | 21-31 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-20

 | 39-60 | 16-22 | 7.9-8.4 | 10-40

 | | | |

530D2: | | | |

 Ozaukee--------------| 0-6 | 11-20 | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 6-28 | 21-31 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-20

 | 28-60 | 16-22 | 7.9-8.4 | 10-40

 | | | |

530E2: | | | |

 Ozaukee--------------| 0-6 | 11-20 | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 6-28 | 21-31 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-20

 | 28-60 | 16-22 | 7.9-8.4 | 10-40

 | | | |

541B2: | | | |

 Graymont-------------| 0-8 | 19-24 | 6.1-7.3 | 0

 | 8-24 | 15-25 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 24-35 | 13-25 | 6.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | 35-60 | 14-22 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-30

 | | | |
218 Soil Survey of

Table 20.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth | Cation- | Soil |Calcium

 and soil name | |exchange |reaction |carbon-

 | |capacity | | ate

 | | | | ___________________________________________________________

 | In |meq/100 g| pH | Pct

 | | | |

570C2: | | | |

 Martinsville---------| 0-9 | 8.0-14 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 9-45 | 10-18 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 45-57 | 8.0-13 | 5.1-7.8 | 0

 | 57-80 | 3.0-10 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-45

 | | | |

614A: | | | |

 Chenoa---------------| 0-12 | 24-29 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 12-32 | 19-29 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 32-36 | 15-25 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-10

 | 36-60 | 14-25 | 7.4-8.4 | 5-40

 | | | |

687B: | | | |

 Penfield-------------| 0-10 | 12-23 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 10-61 | 12-21 | 5.1-7.3 | 0

 | 61-72 | 7.0-19 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-5

 | 72-80 | 3.0-13 | 6.6-8.4 | 0-25

 | | | |

802B: | | | |

 Orthents, loamy------| 0-6 | 10-25 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | 6-60 | 10-20 | 5.6-8.4 | 0-20

 | | | |

805B: | | | |

 Orthents, clayey-----| 0-6 | 22-38 | 5.6-7.8 | 0-10

 | 6-60 | 15-35 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-25

 | | | |

865. | | | |

 Pits, gravel | | | |

 | | | |

1103A: | | | |

 Houghton-------------| 0-12 | 140-200 | 4.5-7.8 | 0

 | 12-60 | 100-200 | 4.5-7.8 | 0

 | | | |

3107A: | | | |

 Sawmill--------------| 0-17 | 24-31 | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 17-32 | 18-29 | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 32-58 | 17-25 | 6.1-7.8 | 0-10

 | 58-65 | 11-23 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-30

 | | | |

3405A: | | | |

 Zook-----------------| 0-7 | 34-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 7-27 | 27-41 | 5.6-7.3 | 0

 | 27-53 | 18-35 | 6.1-7.8 | 0

 | 53-60 | 13-32 | 6.1-8.4 | 0-10

 | | | | ___________________________________________________________
Ford County, Illinois 219

Table 21.--Water Features

(Depths of layers are in feet. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates

 that the feature is not a concern or that data were not estimated)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding _________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower | Kind |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | | water | | | |

 |group | | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

23A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Blount----------| C | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.5-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.5-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |0.5-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |0.5-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |0.5-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

23B2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Blount----------| C | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.5-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.5-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |0.5-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |0.5-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |0.5-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

56B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dana------------| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |February |2.0-3.5|3.5-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |2.0-3.5|3.5-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |2.0-3.5|3.5-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

56B2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dana------------| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |February |2.0-3.5|3.3-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |2.0-3.5|3.3-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |2.0-3.5|3.3-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Harpster--------| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

69A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Milford---------| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

91A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Swygert---------| C | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

91B2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Swygert---------| C | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |
220 Soil Survey of

Table 21.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding _________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower | Kind |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | | water | | | |

 |group | | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

102A: | | | | | | | | | |

 La Hogue--------| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

125A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Selma-----------| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

134A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Camden----------| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

146A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Elliott---------| C | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

146B2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Elliott---------| C | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

147A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Clarence--------| D | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

147B2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Clarence--------| D | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Proctor---------| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

148B2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Proctor---------| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |
Ford County, Illinois 221

Table 21.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding _________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower | Kind |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | | water | | | |

 |group | | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

149A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Brenton---------| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

150B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Onarga----------| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

151A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ridgeville------| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Drummer---------| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

153A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Pella-----------| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

189A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Martinton-------| C | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-2.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

192A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Del Rey---------| C | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.5-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |0.5-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |0.5-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |0.5-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |0.5-2.0|2.0-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

221C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Parr------------| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |February |2.0-3.5|3.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |2.0-3.5|3.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |2.0-3.5|3.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

221C3: | | | | | | | | | |

 Parr------------| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |February |2.0-3.5|3.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |2.0-3.5|3.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |2.0-3.5|3.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |
222 Soil Survey of

Table 21.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding _________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower | Kind |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | | water | | | |

 |group | | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

223B2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Varna-----------| C | | | | | | | | |

 | |February |2.0-3.5|3.5-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |2.0-3.5|3.5-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |2.0-3.5|3.5-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

223C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Varna-----------| C | | | | | | | | |

 | |February |2.0-3.5|3.5-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |2.0-3.5|3.5-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |2.0-3.5|3.5-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

230A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rowe------------| D | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

232A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ashkum----------| C | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

235A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bryce-----------| D | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

238A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rantoul---------| D | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

241C3: | | | | | | | | | |

 Chatsworth------| D | | | | | | | | |

 | |February |2.0-3.5|3.5-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |2.0-3.5|3.5-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |2.0-3.5|3.5-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

241D3: | | | | | | | | | |

 Chatsworth------| D | | | | | | | | |

 | |February |2.0-3.5|3.5-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |2.0-3.5|3.5-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |2.0-3.5|3.5-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

294B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Symerton--------| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |February |2.0-3.5|3.5-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |2.0-3.5|3.5-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |2.0-3.5|3.5-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |
Ford County, Illinois 223

Table 21.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding _________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower | Kind |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | | water | | | |

 |group | | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

295A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mokena----------| C | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Peotone---------| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

375A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rutland---------| C | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

375B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Rutland---------| C | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-2.0|2.0-5.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

481A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Raub------------| C | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-2.0|3.5-6.6|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-2.0|3.5-6.6|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-2.0|3.5-6.6|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-2.0|3.5-6.6|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-2.0|3.5-6.6|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

530B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ozaukee---------| C | | | | | | | | |

 | |February |2.0-3.5|3.5-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |2.0-3.5|3.5-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |2.0-3.5|3.5-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

530D2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ozaukee---------| C | | | | | | | | |

 | |February |2.0-3.5|3.5-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |2.0-3.5|3.5-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |2.0-3.5|3.5-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

530E2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ozaukee---------| C | | | | | | | | |

 | |February |2.0-3.5|3.5-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |2.0-3.5|3.5-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |2.0-3.5|3.5-4.5|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

541B2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Graymont--------| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |February |2.0-3.5|3.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |2.0-3.5|3.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |2.0-3.5|3.5-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |
224 Soil Survey of

Table 21.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding _________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower | Kind |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | | water | | | |

 |group | | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

570C2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Martinsville----| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |Jan-Dec | >6.0 | >6.0 | --- | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

614A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Chenoa----------| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |February |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |May |1.0-2.0|2.0-4.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

687B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Penfield--------| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |February |3.5-6.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |3.5-6.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |3.5-6.0| >6.0 |Apparent| --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

802B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy-| B | | | | | | | | |

 | |February |3.5-5.0|5.0-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |3.5-5.0|5.0-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |3.5-5.0|5.0-6.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

805B: | | | | | | | | | |

 Orthents, clayey| C | | | | | | | | |

 | |February |2.0-3.5|3.5-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |March |2.0-3.5|3.5-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | |April |2.0-3.5|3.5-5.0|Perched | --- | --- | None | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

865. | | | | | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

1103A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Houghton--------| D | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |February |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |March |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |April |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |May |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |June |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |July |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |August |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |September |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |October |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Brief | Frequent | --- | None

 | |November |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0| Long | Frequent | --- | None

 | |December |0.0-0.5| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-1.0|Very long | Frequent | --- | None

 | | | | | | | | | |

3107A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sawmill---------| B/D | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | Brief | Frequent

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | Brief | Frequent

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | Brief | Frequent

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | Brief | Frequent

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | Brief | Frequent

 | |June | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Frequent

 | |November | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Frequent

 | |December | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Frequent

 | | | | | | | | | |
Ford County, Illinois 225

Table 21.--Water Features--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Ponding | Flooding _________________________________________________________________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower | Kind |Surface| Duration |Frequency | Duration | Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | | water | | | |

 |group | | | | | depth | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | |

3405A: | | | | | | | | | |

 Zook------------| C | | | | | | | | |

 | |January |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | Brief | Frequent

 | |February |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | Brief | Frequent

 | |March |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | Brief | Frequent

 | |April |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | Brief | Frequent

 | |May |0.0-1.0| >6.0 |Apparent|0.0-0.5| Brief | Frequent | Brief | Frequent

 | |June | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Frequent

 | |November | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Frequent

 | |December | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | None | Brief | Frequent

 | | | | | | | | | | _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
226 Soil Survey of

Table 22.--Soil Features

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that the feature is

 not a concern or that data were not estimated)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_________________________|_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | | for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | In | In | In | | |

 | | | | | | |

23A: | | | | | | |

 Blount-----------------|Dense material | 30-48 | 0 | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | | | |

23B2: | | | | | | |

 Blount-----------------|Dense material | 30-48 | 0 | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | | | |

56B: | | | | | | |

 Dana-------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

56B2: | | | | | | |

 Dana-------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

67A: | | | | | | |

 Harpster---------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

69A: | | | | | | |

 Milford----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

91A: | | | | | | |

 Swygert----------------|Dense material | 35-55 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

91B2: | | | | | | |

 Swygert----------------|Dense material | 35-55 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

102A: | | | | | | |

 La Hogue---------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

125A: | | | | | | |

 Selma------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

134A: | | | | | | |

 Camden-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

146A: | | | | | | |

 Elliott----------------|Dense material | 20-45 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

146B2: | | | | | | |

 Elliott----------------|Dense material | 20-45 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

147A: | | | | | | |

 Clarence---------------|Dense material | 25-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

147B2: | | | | | | |

 Clarence---------------|Dense material | 25-40 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

148B: | | | | | | |

 Proctor----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

148B2: | | | | | | |

 Proctor----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

149A: | | | | | | |

 Brenton----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

150B: | | | | | | |

 Onarga-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Low |High

 | | | | | | |

151A: | | | | | | |

 Ridgeville-------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | | |
Ford County, Illinois 227

Table 22.--Soil Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_________________________|_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | | for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | In | In | In | | |

 | | | | | | |

152A: | | | | | | |

 Drummer----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

153A: | | | | | | |

 Pella------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

189A: | | | | | | |

 Martinton--------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

192A: | | | | | | |

 Del Rey----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |High

 | | | | | | |

221C2: | | | | | | |

 Parr-------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

221C3: | | | | | | |

 Parr-------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

223B2: | | | | | | |

 Varna------------------|Dense material | 24-60 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

223C2: | | | | | | |

 Varna------------------|Dense material | 24-60 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

230A: | | | | | | |

 Rowe-------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

232A: | | | | | | |

 Ashkum-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

235A: | | | | | | |

 Bryce------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

238A: | | | | | | |

 Rantoul----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

241C3: | | | | | | |

 Chatsworth-------------|Dense material | 10-24 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

241D3: | | | | | | |

 Chatsworth-------------|Dense material | 10-24 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

294B: | | | | | | |

 Symerton---------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

295A: | | | | | | |

 Mokena-----------------|Dense material | 33-60 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

330A: | | | | | | |

 Peotone----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

375A: | | | | | | |

 Rutland----------------|Dense material | 40-60 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

375B: | | | | | | |

 Rutland----------------|Dense material | 40-60 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

481A: | | | | | | |

 Raub-------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

530B: | | | | | | |

 Ozaukee----------------|Dense material | 20-45 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Low

 | | | | | | |
228

Table 22.--Soil Features--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Subsidence | | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |_________________________|_______________| Potential |_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | | for | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top |Initial| Total |frost action| steel | Concrete _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | In | In | In | | |

 | | | | | | |

530D2: | | | | | | |

 Ozaukee----------------|Dense material | 20-45 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

530E2: | | | | | | |

 Ozaukee----------------|Dense material | 20-45 | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

541B2: | | | | | | |

 Graymont---------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

570C2: | | | | | | |

 Martinsville-----------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

614A: | | | | | | |

 Chenoa-----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

687B: | | | | | | |

 Penfield---------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

802B: | | | | | | |

 Orthents, loamy--------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

805B: | | | | | | |

 Orthents, clayey-------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |Moderate |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | |

865. | | | | | | |

 Pits, gravel | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | |

1103A: | | | | | | |

 Houghton---------------| --- | --- | 6-18 | 55-60 |High |High |High

 | | | | | | |

3107A: | | | | | | |

 Sawmill----------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Low

 | | | | | | |

3405A: | | | | | | |

 Zook-------------------| --- | --- | 0 | --- |High |High |Moderate

 | | | | | | | _________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Printing Soil Survey Maps 

The soil survey maps were made at a scale of 1:12000 and were designed to be

used at that scale. To print the maps at 1:12000 scale, set the view to Actual

Size from the View pull down menu.

Using the pan tool, go to the area you would like to print. Select the Graphic

Selection Tool by holding down the Text Selection Tool button and clicking on the

Graphic Selection Tool button.
Then using the Graphic Selection Tool drag a box around the area you would like

to print. Note dashed lines forming a box around area to print.

Select File Print. The Print Range will be set to Selected graphic. Click OK and

the map will be sent to the printer.
Descriptions of Special Features

Name Description Label

Blowout A small saucer-, cup-, or trough-shaped hollow or depression formed

by wind erosion on a preexisting sand deposit. Typically 0.2 acre to

2.0 acres.

BLO

Borrow pit An open excavation from which soil and underlying material have

been removed, usually for construction purposes. Typically 0.2 acre

to 2.0 acres.

BPI

Calcareous spot An area in which the soil contains carbonates in the surface layer.

The surface layer of the named soils in the surrounding map unit is

noncalcareous. Typically 0.5 acre to 2.0 acres.

CSP

Clay spot A spot where the surface layer is silty clay or clay in areas where the

surface layer of the soils in the surrounding map unit is sandy loam,

loam, silt loam, or coarser. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

CLA

Depression, closed A shallow, saucer-shaped area that is slightly lower on the landscape

than the surrounding area and that does not have a natural outlet for

surface drainage. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

DEP

Disturbed soil spot An area in which the soil has been removed and materials

redeposited as a result of human activity. Typically 0.25 acre to 2.0

acres.

DSS

Dumps Areas of nonsoil material that support little or no vegetation.

Typically 0.5 acre to 2.0 acres.

DMP

Escarpment, bedrock A relatively continuous and steep slope or cliff, produced by erosion

or faulting, that breaks the general continuity of more gently sloping

land surfaces. Exposed material is hard or soft bedrock.

ESB

Escarpment, nonbedrock A relatively continuous and steep slope or cliff, generally produced

by erosion but in some places produced by faulting, that breaks the

continuity of more gently sloping land surfaces. Exposed earthy

material is nonsoil or very shallow soil.

ESO

Glacial till spot An exposure of glacial till at the surface of the earth. Typically 0.25

acre to 2.0 acres.

GLA

Gravel pit An open excavation from which soil and underlying material have

been removed and used, without crushing, as a source of sand or

gravel. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

GPI

Gravelly spot A spot where the surface layer has more than 35 percent, by volume,

rock fragments that are mostly less than 3 inches in diameter in an

area that has less than 15 percent rock fragments. Typically 0.2 acre

to 2.0 acres.

GRA
Name Description Label

Gray spot A spot in which the surface layer is gray in areas where the

subsurface layer of the named soils in the surrounding map unit are

darker. Typically 0.25 acre to 2.0 acres.

GSP

Gully A small channel with steep sides cut by running water through which

water ordinarily runs only after a rain or after melting of snow or ice.

It generally is an obstacle to wheeled vehicles and is too deep to be

obliterated by ordinary tillage.

GUL

Iron bog An accumulation of iron in the form of nodules, concretions, or soft

masses on the surface or near the surface of soils. Typically 0.2 acre

to 2.0 acres.

BFE

Landfill An area of accumulated waste products of human habitation, either

above or below natural ground level. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

LDF

Levee An embankment that confines or controls water, especially one built

along the banks of a river to prevent overflow onto lowlands.

LVS

Marsh or swamp A water-saturated, very poorly drained area that is intermittently or

permanently covered by water. Sedges, cattails, and rushes are the

dominant vegetation in marshes, and trees or shrubs are the dominant

vegetation in swamps. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

MAR

Mine or quarry An open excavation from which soil and underlying material have

been removed and in which bedrock is exposed. Also denotes surface

openings to underground mines. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

MPI

Mine subsided area An area that is lower than the soils in the surrounding map unit

because of subsurface coal mining. Typically 0.25 acre to 3.0 acres.

MSA

Miscellaneous water A small, constructed body of water that is used for industrial,

sanitary, or mining applications and that contains water most of the

year. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

MIS

Muck spot An area that occurs within an area of poorly drained or very poorly

drained soil and that has a histic epipedon or an organic surface

layer. The symbol is used only in map units consisting of mineral

soil. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

MUC

Oil brine spot An area of soil that has been severely damaged by the accumulation

of oil brine, with or without liquid oily wastes. The area is typically

barren but may have a vegetative cover of salt-tolerant plants.

Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

OBS

Perennial water A small, natural or constructed lake, pond, or pit that contains water

most of the year. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

WAT
Name Description Label

Rock outcrop An exposure of bedrock at the surface of the earth. Not used where

the named soils of the surrounding map unit are shallow over

bedrock or where “Rock outcrop” is a named component of the map

unit. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

ROC

Saline spot An area where the surface layer has an electrical conductivity of 8

mmhos/cm-l more than the surface layer of the named soils in the

surrounding map unit. The surface layer of the surrounding soils has

an electrical conductivity of 2 mmhos/cm-l or less. Typically 0.2

acre to 2.0 acres.

SAL

Sandy spot A spot where the surface layer is loamy fine sand or coarser in areas

where the surface layer of the named soils in the surrounding map

unit is very fine sandy loam or finer. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

SAN

Severely eroded spot An area where, on the average, 75 percent or more of the original

surface layer has been lost because of accelerated erosion. Not used

in map units in which “severely eroded,” “very severely eroded,” or

“gullied” is part of the map unit name. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0

acres.

ERO

Short steep slope A narrow area of soil having slopes that are at least two slope classes

steeper than the slope class of the surrounding map unit.

SLP

Sinkhole A closed depression formed either by solution of the surficial rock or

by collapse of underlying caves. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

SNK

Slide or slip A prominent landform scar or ridge caused by fairly recent mass

movement or descent of earthy material resulting from failure of

earth or rock under shear stress along one or several surfaces.

Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

SLI

Sodic spot An area where the surface layer has a sodium adsorption ratio that is

at least 10 more than that of the surface layer of the named soils in

the surrounding map unit. The surface layer of the surrounding soils

has a sodium adsorption ratio of 5 or less. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0

acres.

SOD

Spoil area A pile of earthy materials, either smoothed or uneven, resulting from

human activity. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

SPO

Stony spot A spot where 0.01 to 0.1 percent of the surface cover is rock

fragments that are more than 10 inches in diameter in areas where

the surrounding soil has no surface stones. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0

acres.

STN

Unclassified water A small, natural or manmade lake, pond, or pit that contains water,

of an unspecified nature, most of the year. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0

acres.

UWT
Name Description Label

Very stony spot A spot where 0.1 to 3.0 percent of the surface cover is rock

fragments that are more than 10 inches in diameter in areas where

the surface cover of the surrounding soil is less than 0.01 percent

stones. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

STV

Wet depression A shallow, concave area within an area of poorly drained or very

poorly drained soils in which water is ponded for intermittent

periods. The concave area is saturated for appreciably longer periods

of time than the surrounding soil. Typically 0.2 acre to 2.0 acres.

WDP

Wet spot A somewhat poorly drained to very poorly drained area that is at

least two drainage classes wetter than the named soils in the

surrounding map unit. Typically 0.2 acres to 2.0 acres.

WET