DEPAETMENT OF THE INTEEIOE

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DlBJtCTOB

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 324

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1912

PART IT. ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN

BY

C. C. COVERT, A. H. HORTON 

AND W. G. HOYT

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1914
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTI8 SMITH, DIKECTOK

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 324

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1912

PART IV. ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN

BT

C. C. COVERT, A. H. HORTON 

AND W. G. HOYT r , CQ «-» ;« fr.| O ?* w« ^*

3 r "? -& 00 O fj

X v -^

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE 

1914
CONTENTS.

Page.

Authorization and scope of work........................................... 5

Publications.............................................................. 6

Definition of terms..................................... ................... 9

Convenient equivalents.................................................... 10

Explanation of data........................................................ U

Accuracy and reliability of field data and comparative results................. 13

Cooperation................................................................ 14

Division of work.......................................................... 15

Streams tributary to Lake Superior.......................................... 15

Poplar River at Lutsen, Minn.......................................... 15

Beaver Bay River at Beaver Bay, Minn................................. 16

St. Louis River near Thomson, Minn................................... 19

Whiteface River at Meadowlands, Minn................................. 21

Whiteface River below Meadowlands, Minn.............................. 24

Cloquet River at Independence, Minn.................................. 26

Streams tributary to Lake Michigan........................................ 29

Escanaba River near Escanaba, Mich................................... 29

Menominee River near Iron Mountain, Mich............................. 31-

Wolf River at Keshena, Wis........................................... 32

West Branch of Wolf River at Neopit, Wis............................... 35

Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich.................................... 36

Manistee River near Sherman, Mich..................................... 37

Streams tributary to Lake Huron........................................... 40

Au Sable River at Bamfield, Mich...................................... 40

Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Mich................................. 41

Huron River at Dexter, Mich........................................... 42

Huron River at Geddes, Mich. .......................................... 43

Huron River at Flat Rock, Mich........................................ 44

Stream tributary to Lake Erie. ...........*.................................. 45

Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y................................... 45

Streams tributary to Lake Ontario.......................................... 49

Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y................................ 49

Genesee River and tributaries........................................... 50

Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y................................. 50

Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y............ 55

Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y.................................. 58

Canaseraga Creek near Dansville, N. Y.............................. 61

Keshequa Creek at Sonyea, N. Y.................................. 64

Canadice Lake outlet near Hemlock, N. Y.......................... 67

Owasco Outlet near Auburn, N. Y.................................. 68

Oneida River at Caughdenoy, N. Y................................ 70

Salmon River at Stillwater Bridge, near Redfield, N. Y............. 71

Salmon River near Pulaski, N. Y.................................. 73

Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. Y.................................... 75

Black River near Boonville, N. Y................................... 77

Black River near Felts Mills, N. Y................................. 81

Moose River at Moose River, N. Y................................. 83

Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y.................. 85

3
4 CONTENTS.

Page.

Streams tributary to St. Lawrence River.................................... 88

Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y.............................. 88

East Branch of Oswegatchie River at Newton Falls, N. Y................ 90

Raquette River at Raquette Falls, near Coreys, N. Y.................... 91

Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y..................................... 94

Raquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y............................... 97

Bog River near Tupper Lake, N. Y..................................... 100

St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y................................ 102

Deer River at Ironton, N. Y............................................ 105

Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt...................................... 107

Richelieu River at Fort Montgomery, N. Y............................. 108

Saranac River near Plattsburg, N. Y..................................... 110

Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y.................................. 110

East Creek near Rutland, Vt........................................... 113

Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt......................... <. ............. 115

Worcester Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt.................. 119

Dog River at Northfield, Vt........................................... 123

Lamoille River at Johnson, Vt.................................:........... 126

Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt...................................... 131

Clyde River at West Derby, Vt......................................... 136

Miscellaneous measurements................................................ 141

Summary of mean discharge per square mile................................ 141

 Index.................................................................... 143

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page. 

PLATE I. Typical gaging stations ............................................ 12

II. Price current meters............................................. 13

III. A, Dam on Raquette River at Hannawa Falls, N. Y.; B, Gaging

station on Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y................... 96
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF ST. LAWRENCE RIVER

BASffi, 1912.

By C. C. COVEBT, A. H. HOBTON, and W. G. HOYT.

AUTHORIZATION AND SCOPE OF WORK.

This volume is one of a series of 12 reports presenting results of 

measurements of flow made on streams in the United States during 

the calendar year 1912.

The data presented in these reports were collected by the United 

States Geological Survey under authority implied in the organic law 

(20 Stat. L., p. 394) which contains the following paragraph:

Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the geological 

survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

The work was begun in 1888 in connection with special studies of 

water supply for irrigation. Since the fiscal year ending June 30, 

1895, successive sundry civil bills passed by Congress have carried the 

following item and appropriations:

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and 

for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources: 

Annual appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30 

1895................................................... $12, 500

1896................................................... 20, 000

1897 to 1900,inclusive.................................. 50,000

1901 to 1902, inclusive................................... 100, 000

1903 to 1906,inclusive................................... 200, 000

1907................................................... 150, 000

1908 to 1910, inclusive................................... 100,000

1911 to 1913, inclusive................................... 150. 000

In the execution of the work many private and State organizations 

have cooperated, either by furnishing data or by assisting financially 

in collecting the data^ Acknowledgments for cooperation of the first 

kind are made in connection with the description of each station 

affected and of the second kind on page 14.

Measurements of stream, flow have been made at about 2,000 points 

in the United States and also at many points in small areas in Seward 

Peninsula and the Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska, and in the Hawaiian

5
6 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Islands. During 1912 gaging stations were maintained by the Survey 

and the cooperating organizations at about 1,500 points, and many 

discharge measurements were made at other points. In connection 

with this work data were also collected in regard to precipitation, 

evaporation, storage reservoirs, river profiles, and water power in 

many sections of the country and will be made available in the regular 

water supply papers from time to time.

PUBLICATIONS.

A report for each calendar year has been prepared embodying the 

stream-flow data collected during that year. An index to the reports 

containing stream-flow measurements prior to 1904 has been published 

as Water-Supply Paper 119. Circulars are also available giving complete lists of the gaging stations maintained by the Survey to date, 

and a list of the reports relating to the water supply of the country.

Prior to 1902 gage heights and discharge measurements were published in water-supply papers of bulletins and estimates of monthly 

discharge in annual reports; since 1902 both classes of data have been 

published in water-supply papers, and they are now being published 

in 12 parts, as shown in the following table:

Papers1 on surface water supply of the United States, 1912.

Part.o

I

II

III

IV

V 

VI

VII

VIII

IX

X

XI

XII

No.

321

322

323

324

325 

326

327

328

329

330

331

332

Title.

North Atlantic coast basins.

South Atlantic coast and eastern Gulf of Mexico basins.

Ohio River basin.

St. Lawrence River basin.

Upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay basins. 

Missouri River basin.

Lower Mississippi River basin

Western Gulf of Mexico basins.

Colorado River basin.

Great Basin.

Pacific coast basins in California.

North Pacific coast basins.

a For the purpose of uniformity in the presentation of reports, a general plan has been agreed upon by 

the United States Reclamation Service, the United States Forest Service, the United States Weather 

Bureau, and the United States Geological Survey, according to which the area of the United States has 

been divided into 12 parts, whose boundaries coincide with natural drainage lines indicated by the parts 

of the report.
PUBLICATIONS.

A list of reports containing stream-flow data is presented in the 

following table:

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[A=Annual Report; B=Bulletln; WS=Water-Supply Paper.]

Report. Character of data. Year.

10th, A, pt. 2.......... Descriptive information only.................................

llthA,pt.2.......... Monthly discharge.............................................. 1884 to Sept.,

1890.

12th A, pt. 2.......... .....do........................................................... 1884 to June 30,

1891. 

13th A, pt. 3.......... Mean discharge in second-feet................................... 1884 to Dec. 31,

1892. 

14th A, pt. 2.......... Monthly discharge (long-time records, 1871 to 1893).............. 1888 to Dec. 31,

1893. 

B 131................. Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, and ratings.......... 1893 and 1894.

16th A, pt. 2.......... Descriptive information only....................................

B 140...,"............. Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, ratings, and monthly 1895.

discharge (also many data covering earlier years). 

WS 11................ Gage heights (also gage heights for earlier years)................. 1896.

18th A,pt. 4.......... Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 1895 and 1896.

(also similar data for some earlier years). 

WS 15.. P ............. Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, eastern United

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River- above

junction with Kansas. 

WS 16................ Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, western Missis- 1897.

sippi River below junction of Missouri and Platte, and western

United States. 

19thA,pt.4.......... Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 1897.

(also some long-time records). 

WS 27................ Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, eastern United States,

eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River. 

WS 28................ Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, Arkansas River and

western United States. 

20th A, pt. 4.......... Monthly discharge (also for many earlier years).................

WS 35 to 39........... Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, and ratings..........

21st A, pt. 4........... Monthly discharge.............................................. 1899.

WS 47 to 52........... Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, and ratings.......... 1900.

22dA,pt. 4........... Monthly discharge.............................................. 1900.

WS 65,66............. Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, and ratings.......... 1901.

WS75................ Monthly discharge.............................................. 1901.

WS 82 to 85........... Complete data.................................................. 1902.

WS97to 100.......... .....do........................................................... 1903.

WS 124to 135......... .....do........................................................... 1904.

WS 165 to 178......... .....do........................................................... 1905.

WS 201 to 214......... Complete data, except descriptions.............................. 1906.

WS241 to252......... Complete data.................................................. 1907-8.

WS 261 to 272......... .....do........................................................... 1909.

WS 281 to 292......... .....do........................................................... 1910.

WS301 to312......... .....do........................................................... 1911.

WS 321 to332......... .....do........................................................... 1912.

NOTE. No data regarding stream flow are given in the 15th and 17th annual reports.

The table which follows gives, by years and drainage basins, the 

numbers of the papers on surface-water supply published from 1899 

to 1912. The data for any particular station will be found in the 

reports covering the years during which the station was maintained. 

For example, data for any station in the area covered by Part I 

are published in Water-Supply Papers 97, 124, 165, 201, 241, 261, 

281, 301, and 321, which contain records for the New England 

streams from 1903 to 1912. The year covered by the report is indicated at the head of the column in which the paper is listed.
Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream 

North Atlantic coast (St. John

South Atlantic coast and eastern Gulf of Mexico (James 

River to the Mississippi). . . .

St. Lawrence River and Great 

Lakes.......................

Hudson B ay and upper MissisWestern Gulf of Mexico ........

1899"

35

035.36 

36

36

36

Z36.37

37

37

o37,38

38, « 39

38, » 39

38

1900 &

47, c 48

48

49

49

49,w 50

50

50

50

51

51

51

1901

65,75

65,75 

65,75

65,75

#5.66,75

66,75

>65,66,75

66,75

66,75

66,75

66,75

66,75

1902

82

082,83 

S3

»82,83

^83,85

84

^83,84

84

85

85

85

85

1903

97

097,98 

98

97

>98,99.tlOO

k 99

^98,99

99

100

100

100

100

1904

d 124, e 125, / 126

/ 1 26, 127 

128

129

i 128, 130

;128,l3l

132

133

133, r 134

134

135

1

<H65,«

/ 

a Rating tables and index to Water-Suply Papers 35-39 contained in Water-Supply Paper 39. Estimate

6 Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, wells, and irrigation i

for 1900 in Twenty-second Annual Report, part 4.

c Wissahickon and Schuylkill Rivers to James River.

d New England rivers only.

« Hudson River to Delaware River, inclusive.

f Susquehanna River to Yadkin River, inclusive.

g James River only.

ft Scioto River.

i Lake Ontario and tributaries to St. Lawrence River proper.

i Tributaries of Mississippi from east.

* Hudson Bay only. 

/ Gallatin River.

« Loup and Platte rivers near Columbus, Nebr., and all tributaries below junction with Platte. 

» Platte and Kansas rivers.

o Green and Gunnison rivers and Grand River above junction with Gunnison. 

p Below junction with Gila. 

9 Mohave River only. 

r Great Basin in California, excepting Truckee and Carson drainage basins.

* Kings and Kern rivers and south Pacific coast drainage basins.

* Rogue, Umpqua, and Siletz rivers only.
DEFINITION OF TERMS. 9

Water-supply papers and other publications of the United States 

Geological Survey containing data in regard to the water resources 

of the United States may be obtained or consulted as indicated below. 

1. Copies may be obtained free of charge by applying to the Director 

of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C. The edition printed 

for free distribution is, however, small and is soon exhausted.

2. Copies may be purchased at nominal cost from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 

who will on application furnish lists giving prices.

3. Sets of the reports may be consulted in the libraries of the 

principal cities in the United States.

4. Complete sets are available for consultation in the local offices 

of the water-resources branch of the Geological Survey, as follows:

Albany, N. Y., Room 18, Federal Building.

Atlanta, Ga., Post Office Building.

Newport, Ky., Federal Building.

St. Paul, Minn., Old Capitol Building.

Helena, Mont., Montana National Bank Building.

Denver, Colo., 302 Chamber of Commerce Building.

Salt Lake City, Utah, Federal Building.

Boise, Idaho, 615 Idaho Building.

Portland, Oreg., 416 Couch Building.

Tacoma, Wash., Federal Building.

San Francisco, Cal., 505 Custom House.

Los Angeles, Cal., Federal Building.

Sante Fe, N. Mex., Capitol Building.

Honolulu, Hawaii, Kapiolani Building.

A list of the Geological Survey's publications will be sent on application to the Director of the United States Geological Survey, 

Washington, D. C.

DEFINITION OF TERMS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the ilrun-off" or "discharge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups: (1) Those which represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miner's inches, and discharge in second-feet 

per square mile; and (2) those which represent the actual quantity 

of water, as run-off in depth in inches and acre-feet. The units used 

in this series of reports are second-feet, second-feet per square mile, 

run-off in inches and acre-feet. They may be defined as follows:

" Second-foot "-is an abbreviation for cubic foot per second and is the 

unit for the rate of discharge of water flowing in a stream 1 foot wide, 

1 foot deep, at a rate of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a 

fundamental unit from which others are computed by the use of the 

factors given in the following table of equivalents.
10 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, > 1912, PART IV.

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, on 

the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

"Run-off, depth in inches," is the depth to which the drainage area 

would be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period 

were conserved and uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used 

for comparing run-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed in 

depth in inches.

An'' acre-foot" is equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet and is the quantity 

required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is commonly used in connection with storage for irrigation work.

CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS.

The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic 

computations:

Table for converting discharge in second-feet per square mile into run-off in depth in inches

over the area.

Discharge in 

second-feet 

per square 

mile.

1.........

2.........

3.........

4.. .......

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Run-off in inches.

1 day.

0.03719 

.07438 

. 11157 

. 14876 

.18595 

.22314 

.26033 

.29752 

.33471

28 days.

1.041 

2.083 

3.124 

4.165 

5.207 

6.248 

7.289 

8.331 

9.372

29 days.

1.079 

2.157 

3.236 

4.314 

5.393 

6.471 

7.550 

8.628 

9.707

30 days.

1.116 

2.231 

3.347 

4.463

5.578 

6.694 

7.810 

8.926 

10.041

31 days.

1.153 

2.306 

3.459 

4.612 

5.764 

6.917 

.8.070 

9.223 

10.376

NOTE. For partial month multiply the values for one day by the number of days.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in acre-feet.

Discharge in secondfeet.

I.........

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Kun-off in acre-feet.

Iday.

1.983 

3.967 

5.950

7.934 

9.917 

11.90 

13.88 

15.87 

17.85

28 days.

55.54 

111.1 

166.6 

222.1 

277.7 

333.2 

388.8 

444.3 

499.8

29 days.

57.52 

115.0 

172.6 

230.1 

287.6 

345.1 

402.6 

460.2 

517.7

30 days.

59.50 

119.0 

178.5 

238.0 

297.5 

357.0 

416.5 

476.0 

535.5

31 days.

61.49 

123.0 

184.5 

246.0 

307.4 

368.9 

430.4 

491.9 

553.4

NOTE. For partial month multiply values for one day by the number of days.
EXPLANATION OF DA.TA. ' 11

1 second-foot equals 40 California miner's inches (law of Mar. 23, 1901).

1 second-foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons per 

minute; equals 646,317 gallons for one day.

1 second-foot for one year covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet or 13.572 inches deep.

1 second-foot for one year equals 31,536,000 cubic feet.

1 second-foot equals about 1 acre-inch per hour.

1 second-foot for one day equals 86,400 cubic feet.

1,000,000,000 (1 United States billion) cubic feet equals 11,570 second-feet for 

one day.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 414 second-feet for one 28-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 399 second-feet for one 29-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 386 second-feet for one 30-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 373 second-feet for one 31-day month.

100 California miner's inches equals 18.7 United States gallons per second.

100 California miner's inches for one day equals 4.96 acre-feet.

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 2.60 second-feet.

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 19.5 United States gallons per second.

100 Colorado miner's inches for one day equals 5.17 acre-feet.

100 United States gallons per minute equals 0.223 second-feet.

100 United States gallons per minute for one day equals 0.442 acre-foot.

1,000,000 United States gallons per day equals 1.55 second-feet.

1,000,000 United States gallons equals 3.07 acre-feet.

1,000,000 cubic feet equals 22.95 acre-feet.

1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 0.0737 second-foot per year.

1 foot equals 0.3048 meter.

1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers.

1 mile equals 5,280 feet.

1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare.

1 acre equals 43,560 square feet.

1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly.

1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers.

1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meter.

1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds.

1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-foot.

1 horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per second.

1 horsepower equals 76.0 kilogram-meters per second.

1 horsepower equals 746 watts.

1 horsepower equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet.

1J horsepower equals about 1 kilowatt.

 i i * -n Sec.-ft. X fall in feet To calculate water power quickly: =net horsepower on water

wheel realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power.

EXPLANATION OF DATA.

For each regular current-meter gaging station the following data 

are given: Description of the station, list of discharge measurements, 

table of daily gage heights, table of daily discharges, table of monthly 

and yearly discharges and run-off. For stations located at weirs or 

dams the gage-height table is omitted.
12 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

In addition to statements regarding the location and installation 

of current-meter stations, the descriptions give information in regard 

to any conditions which may affect the constancy of the relation of 

gage height to discharge, covering such points as ice, logging, shifting 

channels, and backwater; also information regarding diversions 

which decrease the total flow at the measuring section. Statements 

are also made regarding the accuracy and reliability of the data.

The table of daily gage heights records the daily fluctuations of the 

surface of the river as found from the mean of the gage readings taken 

each day, usually in the morning and in the evening. The gage height 

given in the table represents the elevation of the surface of the water 

above the zero of the gage. All gage heights affected by the presence 

of ice in the streams or by backwater from obstructions are published 

as recorded, with suitable footnotes. The rating table is not applicable for such periods unless the proper corrections to the gage 

heights are known and applied. Attention is called to the fact that 

the zero of the gage is placed at an arbitrary datum and has no relation to zero flow or the bottom of the river. In general the zero is 

located somewhat below the lowest known flow, so that negative readings shall not occur.

The discharge measurements and gage heights are the base data 

from which rating tables, daily discharge tables, and monthly discharge tables are computed.

The rating table gives, either directly or by interpolation, the discharge in second-feet corresponding to every stage of the river 

recorded during the period for which it is applicable. It is not published in this report, but can be determined from the tables of daily 

gage heights and daily discharge by plotting gage heights in feet as 

ordinates and discharge in second-feet as abscissas.

The table of daily discharges gives the discharges in second-feet 

corresponding to the observed gage heights as determined from the 

rating tables.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow, as determined from the rating table, for the 

day when the mean gage height was highest. As the gage height is 

the mean for the day, it does not indicate correctly the stage when the 

water surface was at crest height, and the corresponding discharge 

was consequently larger than given in the maximum column. Likewise, in the column of "Minimum" the quantity given is the mean 

flow for the day when the mean gage height was lowest. The column headed "Mean" is the average flow in cubic feet for each second 

during the month. On this the computations for the remaining 

columns, which are defined on pages 9-10, are based.

The base data presented in this report, unless otherwise stated in 

description of station, have been collected by the methods commonly
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

TYPICAL GAGING STATIONS.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 324 PLATE II

PRICE CURRENT METERS.
ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF DATA. 13

used at current-meter gaging stations and described in standard textbooks.

Plate I shows typical gaging stations. Plate II shows the current 

meters used in the work.

ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF FIELD DATA AND 

COMPARATIVE RESULTS.

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily on the natural 

conditions at the gaging station and on the methods and care with 

which the data are collected. Errors of the first group depend on the 

degree of permanency of channel and of permanency of the relation 

between discharge and stage.

Errors of the second class are due, first, to errors in observation of 

stage; second, to errors in measurements of flow; and, third, to errors 

due to misinterpretation of stage and flow data. 

" In order to give engineers and others information regarding the 

probable accuracy of the computed results, footnotes are added to the 

daily discharge tables, stating the probable accuracy of the rating 

tables used, and an accuracy column is inserted in the monthly discharge table. For the rating tables "well defined" indicates, in general, that the rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly 

well defined," within 10 per cent; "poorly defined" or "approximate" within 15 to 25 per cent. These notes are very general and 

are based on the plotting of the individual measurements with reference to the mean rating curve.

The accuracy column in the monthly discharge table does not 

apply to the maximum or minimum nor to any individual day, but to 

the monthly mean. It is based on the accuracy of the rating, the 

probable reliability of the observer, and knowledge of local conditions. 

In this column, A indicates that the mean monthly flow is probably 

accurate within 5 per cent; B, within 10 per cent; C, within 15 per 

cent; D, within 25 per cent. Special conditions are covered by footnotes.

Even though the monthly means for any station may represent 

with a high degree of accuracy the quantity of water flowing past the 

gage, the figures showing discharge per square mile and depth of runoff in inches may be subject to gross errors which result from including in the measured drainage area large noncontributing districts or 

omitting estimates of water diverted for irrigation or other use, and 

they should, therefore, be considered as only approximate, particularly for periods of irrigation or of low water. For these errors it is 

as a rule not feasible to make adequate correction.

In general, the base data collected each year by the Survey engineers are published, not only to comply with the law, but also to 

afford any engineer the means of examining and adjusting to his own
14 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PABT IV.

needs the results of the computations. The table of monthly discharge is so arranged as to give only a general idea of the flow at the 

station and should not be used for other than preliminary estimates. 

The determinations of daily discharge allow more detailed studies of 

the variation in flow by which the period of deficiency may be determined.

It should be borne in mind that the observations in each succeeding 

year may be expected to throw new light on data already collected 

and published, and the engineer who makes use of the figures presented in these papers should verify all ratings and make such adjustments for earlier years as may seem necessary.

COOPERATION.

The work in Minnesota during 1912 has been done with State 

cooperation under terms of an act of the legislature of 1909 as embodied 

in joint resolution 19, which reads as follows:

Whereas the water supplies, water powers, navigation, of our rivers, drainage of our 

lands, and the sanitary condition of our streams and their watersheds generally form 

one great asset and present one great problem, therefore: Be it resolved by the house of 

representatives, the senate concurring, That the State Drainage Commission be, and is 

hereby, directed to investigate progress in other States toward the solution of said 

problem in such States, to investigate and determine the nature of soil problem in 

this State.

The work has been carried on in conjunction with the State Drainage Commission, George A. Ralph, chief engineer.

Assistance has been rendered by the Oliver Iron Mining Co., who 

paid salary of observer on Menominee River near Iron Mountain, 

and to H. G. Roby, resident engineer of the Peninsular Power Co., 

for assistance and information.

The gaging stations on the Wolf River in the Menominee Indian 

Reservation were maintained in cooperation with the Office of Indian 

Affairs, under an allotment made available January 1, 1912.

Cooperation with the State Water Supply Commission of New 

York was made possible by the provisions of the Fuller bill, chapter 

569, laws of 1907, and carried on under agreements between the 

State Water Supply Commission and the United States Geological 

Survey. New York State cooperation, under the direction of the 

State engineer and surveyor, has been carried on under agreements 

authorized by an act of the State legislature, being paragraph 11 oi 

chapter 420, laws of 1900.

Special acknowledgment is also due to the board of water commissioners, Auburn, N. Y., J. Walter Ackerman, chairman.

The work in Vermont during 1912 has been done in cooperation 

with the State of Vermont, Alien M. Fletcher, governor.
STKEAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPEEIOB. 15 

DIVISION OF WORK.

The field data in the Lake Superior and part of Lake Michigan 

drainage basins were collected under the direction of W. G. Hoyt, 

district engineer, by S. B. Soule".

The field data in the Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, and Lake Erie 

drainage basins were collected under the direction of A. H. Horton, 

by P. S. Monk.

The field data in the St. Lawrence drainage basin in New York and 

Vermont were collected under the direction of C. C. Covert, by 

O. W. Hartwell, G. H. Canfield, C. S. De Golyer, Frank Weber, 

J. G. Mathers, and R. S. Barnes.

The ratings, special estimates, and studies of the completed data 

for stations outside of New York and Vermont were made by A. H. 

Horton, W. G. Hoyt, H. J. Jackson, and J. G.,Mathers.

The computations were made under the direction of H. J. Jackson 

by H. D. Padgett, C. L. Batchelder, and M. I. Walters.

The ratings, special estimates, and studies of the completed data 

for stations in New York and Vermont were made by C. C. Covert, 

O. W. Hartwell, and J. G. Mathers. The computations were made 

under the direction of O. W. Hartwell, by J. G. Mathers, G. H. Canfield, C. S. De Golyer, Frank Weber, and R. S. Barnes.

The report was edited by Mrs. B. D. Wood.

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR.

POPLAR RIVER AT LTJTSEN, MINN.

Location. About 800 feet above mouth of river in sec. 34, T. 60, R. 3 W. 

Records available. May 6 to November 4, 1911; August 22 to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 144 square miles. 

Gage. From May 16 to November 4, 1911, the readings were taken from a staff gage

about 400 feet above the mouth of the river. On August 26, 1912, a staff gage

was bolted to the rock wall on the right bank about 800 feet above the mouth and

in a pool between two distinct falls. 

Channel. The bed at the old site is heavy gravel; that at the new site is solid rock

and the control point is the rock crest of the falls below. 

Winter flow. Because of the nature of the control below, ice will probably not cause

excessive backwater. 

Artificial control. The flow of the river is controlled to some extent by two dams

above the station, the nearest being that of the National Paper & Pulp Co., 2J

miles above the mouth of the river. 

Accuracy. Between May 6 and November 4,1911, the relation between gage height

and discharge at the gage section was at times affected by backwater from deposits

of gravel washed up into the mouth of the river during storms on Lake Superior.

The present gage is so located that, except for temporary drift lodging on the

rapids below, the records should be reliable.
16 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET IV.

The following discharge measurement was made by S. B. Soul6: 

August 22, 1912: Gage height, 1.00 feet; discharge, 25.4 second-feet. Measurement made at wading section about 200 feet below gage. Old gage read 13.07 feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Poplar River at Lutsen, Minn.,for 1912. 

[C. A. A. Nelson, observer.]

Day.

1. ......... .......

4................. 

5.................

6.................

7.................

8.................

9................. 10.................

11................. 

12.................

13................. 

14.................

15.................

Aug.

------

Sept.

1.08 

1.05

1.06

1.11

1 7Q

2.45

2.20

1.89

1.72 

1.66

1.58

1.42 

1.32

1.26

Oct.

1.36 

1.31

1.26

1.22 

1.20

1.20

1.08

1.08

1.06 

1.05

1.05 

1.29

1.26 

1.24

1.21

Nov.

1.00 

.98

OR

.98

QD

.98

.98

1 00

1.02 

1.02

1.02

1 (19

1.00 

1 00

.99

Dec.

......

0.9

""."8

Day.

16.................

17........:........

18.................

19................. 

20.................

21.................

22.................

23.................

24................. 

25.................

26................. 

27.................

28................. 

29.................

30................. 

31.................

Aug.

1.00

1.00

.98 

.98

.98 

1.00

1.01 

1.04

1.06 

1.08

Sept.

1.21 

1.22

1.31

1.26 

1.26

1.38

1.41

1.36

1.34 

1.38

1.65 

1.65

1.58 

1.51

1.42

Oct.

1.19 

1.16

1.14

1.11 

1.06

1.05

1.04

1.02

1.02 

1.02

1.01 

1.00

1.00 

1.00

1.00 

1.00

Nov.

0.98

.98

.98

.95 

.95

.95

.95

.95

.95 

.95

.94

.92

.92 

.92

.92

Dec.

......

0.75

------

.7

......

BEAVEB BAY BIVEB AT BEAVEB BAY, MINN.

Location. Bridge at Beaver Bay a few hundred yards above the mouth of the river.

Becords available. July 26, 1911, to December 31, 1912.

Gage. Staff, read from July 26, 1911, to April 9,1912, when it was washed away. 

On April 22, a chain gage was fastened to the steel highway bridge. The chain 

gage is in the same section and is referred to the same datum as the staff gage.

Channel. Practically permanent; bank high and rocky; bed and control point solid 

rock.

Winter flow. Measurements made during the winter season of 1911 and 1912 show 

'that the control point remains open and that the open-water rating curve is applicable throughout the year except at certain times noted under "Accuracy."

Accuracy. At times of exceptionally high sea on Lake Superior a bar is formed, 

causing backwater at the gage, which lasts as long as the high sea is running. 

When the lake becomes normal the water washes through the bar and the regular 

rating curve applies. This condition has occurred once since the station was 

established, during the month of December, 1912. Except for such periods the 

records should be good.

Discharge measurements of Beaver Bay River at Beaver Bay, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

Jan. 12a

Mar. 27»

27»

28a

28a

Apr. 256

Hydrographer.

S. B. Soule"................... .............................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Hoy t and SouW ..........................................................

W. G. Hoyt..............................................................

£&

Feet.

0.75

.66

.66

.66

.65

2.91

.85

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

13.1

8.0

7.5

7.0

7 Q

256

15.5

« Made by wading at various sections above gage. 

* Made from boat about 750 feet below gage.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 17

Daily gage height, in feet, of Beaver Bay River at Beaver Bay, Minn., for 1911-12. 

[Louis Lorntson, observer. ]

Day.

1911. 

1. .........

2..........

3.......... 

4..........

5..........

6.......... 

7..........

8. ..'... ....

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14.......... 

15..........

Day.

1912. 

1........... 

2...........

3........... 

4...........

5..........

6...........

7........... 

8...........

9..........

10..........

11........... 

12...........

13.......... 

14..........

15.......... 

16..........

17..........

18.......... 

19..........

20..........

21.......... 

22.......... 

23..........

24.......... 

25..........

26..........

27.......... 

28.......... 

29.......... 

30..........

31..........

July

.....

.....

-----

....

....

....

....

.....

....

Aug.

. 3.2

. 3.1

. 2.7 

. 2.3

. 2.05

. 1.85 

. 3.1

. 3.4

. 3.2

. 3.1

. 2.95 

. 2.65

. 2.15

. 1.9

. 1.8

Jan.

1.1

"i.'i"

"."9"

.8

......

.75

.8

... .

......

""."e"

Sept.

1.6

1.2

1.1 

1.6

4.65

4.6 

4.2

3.7

3.2

2.95

2.95

2,75

2.45

2.3

2.5

Feb.

0.7

.65

""65"

.......

.......

.......

.......

------

-----

Oct.

2.4

2.25

2.3

2.85

2.7

2.55 

2.35

2.2

2.1

1 95

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.8 

1.75

Mar.

.......

"6." 7"

.75

------

-----

.5

.55

"".'i"

-----

Nov.

1 . 55

1.45

1.35 

1.2

1.2

1.45 

1.65

1.65

2.0

2.4

2.25 

1.95

2.25

2.25 

2.3

Apr

1.5

1.8!

2.2 

3.2

A Q

.....

3.5

3.2 

3.5

3.0

3.4

3.6 

3.5

3.1

3.0 

2.9

2.8

2.9

2.8, 

o a

2.8 

2.9

5.4

5.4 

4.6 

3.7 

3,0

]

--

S 

3

5

Dec.

i'25"

1.2

1.7

1.65

May.

3.5 

4.0

4.4 

5.0

i 8

4.4

4.0 

4.0

3.5

4.2

4.8 

4.4

3.7 

3.2

3.2 

3.0

2.8

2.7 

2.6

2.5

2.5 

2.5 

2.5

2.4 

2.4

2.4

2.85 

3.1 

2.8 

2.6

3.2

Day

1911 

16.....

17.....

18..... 

19.....

20.....

21.....

22

23.....

24.....

25.....

26..... 

27

28.....

29..... 

30..... 

31.....

June.

2.25 

2.1

2.9

2.75

2.8

2

7K

2.5 

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.1 

2.0

2.1 

2.1

3.0 

3.7

3.5

2.9

2.5

2.3

2.1 

1.9 

1.7

1.52 

1.38

1.18

1.15 

1.0 

1.05 

1.2

Julj

1.0

1 (1

1.2

1.?

1.1

1 C

.S

.t

.7

.7

.« i.e 1,1

.8 

.S

.?

'.1

.6 

'.f

.1

.e

f

.e 

.e .£

.(

ji

--

..

i

i

i

2 

1

1

7.

5

15

5

5

£

8 

5

2

15

5

5

!8 

8

V,

5 

5

)

....

75 

4

58

05

85 

8

Ai

0.

1.

1

1. 

1.

1

1.

i!

2.

3

1.

Ai

1

1,

1. 

1

1

1. 

1,

1,

1

1

1. 

1

1,

1. 

1. 

1.

ig7

8

75 

55

65

75

7 

8

3

3

3

3

88 

88

75

75

08

9

78

8 

7 

65

98 

9

0

92 

9 

1 

0

9

igR5 5'

i5 

W

25

35 

5

t

25

?:

L

1

rw

D 

05

S<

2 

?

1 

1

1

?

2 

1

1

1

1 

1

1 

1

1 

1

1

1 

1

1

1 

1 

1

1 

I

2

i

1

Sep

3 3

3,1

1.9

3 0

2,0

2.0 3 a

3,0

1 9

1.8

1.8 

1 9

3,1

'2.6 

2.6

jpt.

.2 

,0

.7 

.8

Q

.0

9

.8

.7

.45 

,35

.15 

,1

.1 

.1

3

.2 

,15

.3

.35 

.5

.55 .90'

,6

.45

.2 

.3

,70

t.

5

i

5

Oct.

2. OS

2.8

2.7 

2.4

2.2

2.0 

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.85

1.75 

1.75

1.75

1.6 

1.55 

1.6

Oct.

1.9

1.7

1.55 

1.4

1.45

1.4

1.35 

1.25

1.2

1.25

1.4 

1.7

1.8 

1.72

1.62 

1.58

1.48

1.38 

1.28

1.2

1.1 

1.1 

.08

1.05 

1.0

1.0

1.1 

1.5 

1.1 

1.1

1.0

Nov.

2.4

......

1.7

1.7

"i.'i"

"i.'s"

Nov.

0.9 

.9

1.0 1.1

.95

1.1

1.15 

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.0 

1.0

1.25 

1.2

1.05 

1.0

1.0

.9

.8

.8

.9 

.8 

1.0

.9 

1.0

1.2

.9 

1.1 

1.0 

1.0

Dec.

1.48

1.35

1.25

1.2

Dec.

......

......

1.05

......

""52

......

"i."85

2.05

NOTE. Water over top of gage Apr. 5 to 9.1912, and gage~ heights estimated from observer's notes to be 

about 5.8, 5.4,5, and 4 feet, respectively, on those days. Staff gage taken out by ice on Apr. 9,1912. and 

gage heights Apr. 10 to 21,1912. determmed by measuring down to water surface from a reference pomt at 

site of gage. Chain gage installed Apr. 22,1912. Relation of gage height to discharge during December, 

1912, was affected by the formation of a bar and by ice which was thus afforded opportunity to form. See 

"Accuracy" in station description.

1572° WSP 324 14 2
18 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1912, PABT IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Beaver Bay River at Beaver Bay, Minn.,for 1911-12.

Day.

1911.

1. .........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

9..........

10..........

19

10

15..........

Day.

1912.

2..........

5. .........

6..........

7....*...--

8..........

g

10..........

11..........

19

13..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19

20........--

21..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

9O

Oft

31

July.

Jan.

2

1

1

1

A

5

5

7

3

1

1

9

9

 5

LUg.

370

335

225

132

94

72

335

AAfl

370

335

290

919

108

77

67

Fe

Sep

fi

7

7

.1

94

9?

7f

5f

37

28

2?

2?

If

If

r

b.

9

7

7

13

t.

1

9

5

1

to

!0

iO

o

0

0

K1

ft

4

2

5

]

Oct.

152

124

132

225

188

142

115

100

8?!

77

72

67

67

63

Har.

9

11

4

4

9

1O

Nov.

48

41

36

29

29

41

55

55

87

152

124

82

124

124

132

Apr.

50

75

115

370

1,000

1,400

1,200

1,100

680

480

370

480

305

440

520

480

335

305

275

250

275

262

250

250

275

1,240

1,240

920

560

305

Dec.

32

32

31

31

30

30

29

29

40

50

59

58

57

55

51

May

48

68

84

1 08

1,00

84

68

68

48

76

1 00

84

56

37

37

30

25

22

20

17

17

17

15

15

15

26

QQ

25

20

37

1

1

1

1

1

f

c,

f,

',

<<

',

'

'<

f

<

f

n

0

r>

n

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

 >

0

5

0

 >

5

5

5

2

2

2

2

5

0

0

0

Day.

6.......

7.......

8.......

9.......

!0. ......

1. ......

 2.......

S. ......

A.......

5.......

........

7.......

>8......

S9......

0......

1......

June.

124

100

275

238

250

238

175

115

100

87

100

87

100

100

305

560

480

275

175

132

100

77

59

45

37

28

27

23

9Q

Ji

July

63

38

50

94

7?

67

ily.

23

23

31

29

25

24

20

16

15

12

14

20

21

25

19

18

16

14

12

9

10

12

15

17

11

13

10

ft

8

3

9

Aug.

55

44

41

36

31

36

44

38

. 31

29

25

25

23 ' 21

23

38

Aug.

12

15

14

8

10

14

12

15

33

29

33

29

17

17

14

14

24

18

18

14

15

12

10

20

18

21

19

77

100

87

77

Sept.

132

100

82

87

87

87

94

87

77

67

67

77

100

212

200

Sept

11

S

5

§

7

S

S

7

t

I

4

3

2

5

2

5

5

5

5

a

a

4

5

4

7

2Cie11

13

S

0

5

7

9

7

7

7

7

7

7

9

1

6

7

5

5

5

 9

 9

7

13

6

4

5

8

7

10

A

5

2

o

ct.

94

KfiO

325

15?

115

87

87

87

77

7?,

63

63

63

51

48

51

O

Noi

15

13

10

»

5

5

5

5

ft

5

4

3

3

3

3

et.

77

59

48

38

41

38

36

31

29

31

38

59

67

61

53

50

43

27

32

29

25

25

24

23

21

21

25

44

25

21

f.

?,

I)

0

1)

9

f

f

9

 i

n

5

8

6

4

3

Dec.

48

45

43

40

38

36

35

VA

33

32

31

30

9O

97

26

25

Nov.

18

18

21

25

20

25

27

25

25

oq

91

21

31

9O

23

91

21

1 O

15

15

18

15

21

18

21

29

18

21

91

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating table well.defined between 7 and 132 second-feet (gage 

heights 0.5 and 2.3 feet), fairly well defined between 152 and 395 second-feet (gage heights 2.4 and 3 feet). 

Above 305 second-feet (gage height 3 feet) the curve is an extension and above discharge 680 second-feet 

(gage height 4 feet), is subject to an error of about 10 per cent. Discharge Nov. 17,1911, to Mar. 31,1912, 

computed from semi-weekly gage heights. Ordmarly ice has no effect upon relation of gage height to 

discharge at this station. Discharge Dec. 1 to 31,1912, estimated, because of bar and ice, from weekly gage 

heights, climatologic records, and discharge measurement made Jan. 14,1913. Mean discharge Dec. 1 to 31, 

1912, estimated 10 second-feet, varying from about 6 to 23 second-feet. Daily discharge Apr. 5 to 9, 1912, 

estimated from observer's notes as to height of water surface above top of gage.
STKEAMS TEIBUTABY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 19

Monthly discharge of Beaver Bay River at Beaver Bay, Minn.,for 1911-1%. 

[Drainage area, 120 square miles.]

Month.

1911.

1912.

March. ..................................

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

December. ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

440 

940 

262 

152 

59

ol,400 

1,080 

560 

31 

100 

200 

77 

31

ol,400

Minimum.

21

25 

48 

29 

25

50 

152 

21 

3 

8 

25 

21 

15

3

Mean.

129 

218 

111 

71.6 

37.6

20 

10 

7 

527 

458 

149 

16.2 

26.3 

67 

37.9 

21.6 

10

112

Per 

square 

mile.

1.08 

1.82 

.925 

.597 

.313

.167 

.083 

.058 

4.39 

3.82 

1.24 

.135 

.219 

.558 

.316 

.180 

.083

.933

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.24 

2.03 

1.07 

.67 

.36

.19 

.09 

.07 

4.90 

4.40 

1.38 

.16 

.25 

.62 

.36 

.20 

.10

12.72

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

B.

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

C.

o Estimated. 

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

ST. LOTTIS RIVER NEAR THOMSON, MINN.

Location. Just below the tailrace of the Great Northern power house, 3 miles east 

of Thomson in sec. 11, T. 48 N., R. 16 W.

Records available. October 5, 1909, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 3,420 square miles.

Gage. Chain, read four times each day (except Sunday), at 8 and 11 a. m., 2 and 

5 p. m. Average of four readings taken as the mean for the day; datum of gage 

unchanged.

Channel. Practically permanent at low stages; at high stages may shift slightly, as 

shown by the 1912 discharge measurements.

Discharge measurements. Made from a cable 1,500 feet below the staff gage.

Artificial control. The flow at the station is to a certain extent regulated by reservoirs above. The dam at Thomson is designed to hold 24 hours' supply of water 

for the power plant, and logging dams control the discharge from a large part of the 

entire area above the station. The gage heights show considerable fluctuation 

caused by the operation of the turbine gates at the power plant, which is operated 

on a 24-hour schedule, though with varying load.

Winter now. Previous to November, 1910, the relation of gage height to discharge 

at this station was probably not materially affected by ice. During 1911 and 1912 

it has been found that the presence of ice renders the gage heights useless as an 

indication of discharge. During such periods the estimates of flow have been 

furnished by the Great Northern Power Co., computed from the amount of water 

passing through their turbines.

Accuracy. The daily estimates are liable to errors due to fluctuation in the stage 

caused by the operation of the power house. The daily range in stage is not great, 

however, and it is believed that errors will compensate for a month, so that the 

monthly averages should be accurate within 10 per cent. No statement is available relative to the accuracy of the records furnished by the power company.
20 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PAET IV.

The discharge measurement made May 17, 1912, indicates that the discharge rating 

table (based on discharge measurement made Apr. 15, 1911) used to compute 

the values of daily discharge published in Water-Supply Paper 304, page 20, 

gave discharges too large above 7,000 second-feet as follows: At 7,000 second-feet, 

about 4 per cent large; at 8,000 second-feet, about 7 per cent large; at 9,000 

second-feet, about 9 per cent large; at 10,000 second-feet, about 11 per cent 

large; at 11,000 second-feet, about 12 per cent large.

Cooperation. Gage heights throughout the year and records of flow when ice affects 

the relation of gage height to discharge are furnished through the courtesy of the 

Great Northern Power Co., of Duluth.

Discharge "measurements of St. Louis River near Thomson, Minn. , in

Date.

May 17

A 111* Q

Hydrographer.

S. B. Soule"... .............................................................

W. G. Hoyt..............................................................

S.B.Soule1 ... ....... .....................................................

Gage 

height.

Feel.

5.67

2.47

.46

Discharge.

Sec.'/eet. 

9,580

2,720

574

Daily gage height, in feet, of St. Louis River near Thomson, Minn., for 1912. 

[Gus Forsell, observer.]

Day.

1........ ............................

2....................................

3..... ...............................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

9

10....................................

11....................................

IB....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21................................!....

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

OK

26....................................

27....................................

28

29

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

1.05

1.15

1.35

1.6

2.0

2.6

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.2

2.3

2.3

1.9

1.9

1 9

1.8

1.6

1 R

1 9

O A

1.8

1.7

2.6

3.5

4.0

5.1

4.1

May.

4.2

3.8

4.9

5.3

6.1

6.7

7.0

6.2

6.3

5.8

6.0

5.7

5.6

5.1

5.6

5.3

5.7

C O

4.5

4.8

4.5

4.0

4.0

3.8

4

9

5.2

5

9

5.0

5.0

June.

5.3

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.3

3.9

3.8

3 A

2.6

2.3

2.9

2.7

3.0

2.4

2.8

3 9

3.9

3.7

3.4

3.4

3.7

2.9

3

(\

2.6

2.1

1 9

1.6

1.6

July.

1.8

1.5

1.3

1.5

2.0

1.35

1.1

.50

1.3

.85

.80

1.2

1.9

1.05

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.1

2.0

on

1

0

2.1

1.5

.90

.75

.02

.50

.50

Aug.

1.6

1.6

.50

.60

.55

.55

.50

.45

.55

.85

.78

.65

.55

.45

40

.50

.00

.00

.95

40

40

.10

95

,50

.60

.60

.60

Sept.

0.70

.60fin

' .90

on

90

1.2

1.7

1

C

1.9

1.9

I K

1 fi

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.45

1

9C

on

.85

1.1

1.0

90

1.05

1.15

Oct.

1.2

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.35

1

9

1.15

1.3

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.05

1.4

1.1

1.05

1.1

1.7

2.3

*> 4

1.6

1.1

.85

g

1.1

1.0

1.0

Nov.

1.0

.75

.75

.75

QC

TK

.6

ASi

.15

24

.24

.11

.00

on

.23

.00

.00
STEEAMS TBIBUTABY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 21 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Louis River near Thomson, Minn.,for 1912.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

372

379

422

397

438

633

667

677

848

1,040

1,330

936

625

392

340

355

310

309

314

283

343

327

382

425

423

401

384

386

387

388

OQJ

Feb.

379

361

336

340

344

341

339

331

330

330

261

196

338

326

328

329

320

240

171

346

333

349

368

401

402

394

386

378

385

Mar.

387

398

403

407

407

3S2

393

3S2

388

375

336

327

343

342

364

384

417

411

399

425

418

439

447

471

442

452

465

553

656

675

724

Apr.

1,040

1,140

1,340

1,610

2,070

2,910

2,480

2,480

2 620

2,340

2,480

2,480

2,300

2,120

1,950

1,950

1,950

1,830

1,610

1,830

1,890

1,950

2,620

1,830

1,720

2,910

4,440

5,470

8,110

5,690

May.

5,910

5,050

7,590

8,630

10, 700

12,300

13,200

11. 000

11,300

9,930

10,400

9,670

9,410

8,110

9,410

8,630

9,670

8,370

6,600

7,330

6,600

5,470

5,470

5,470

5,470

5,050

6,140

8,370

8,630

7,850

7,850

June.

8,630

6,370

6,600

6,840

6,140

5,260

5,050

4,250

3,580

2,910

2,480

3,380

3,060

3,540

2,620

3,220

5,260

5,260

4 840

4^250

4,250

4,840

4,110

3.380

3,540

2,910

2,200

1,950

1,610

1,610

July.

1,830

1,500

1,280

1,500

2,070

1,340

1,090

600

1,280

865

820

1,180

1,950

1,500

1,040

2,480

2,480

2,620

2,200

2,070

1 '910 490

1,830

2,200

1,500

910

780

338

469

600

600

Aug.

1,610

1,610

600

635

670

635

635

600

565

635

780

865

804

705

635

565

530

565

600

330

330

955

530

530

450

370

955

600

670

670

670

Sept.

693

716

740

670

820

910

910

910

1,180

1,720

1,830

1,950

1,950

1,830

1,830

1,830

1,610

1,500

1,500

1 340

1,120

910

865

1,090

1,000

910

1 040

1,090

1,140

Oct.

1,180

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,360

1,340

1,280

1,140

1,280

1,090

1,090

1,120

1,140

1,040

1,390

1,090

1,040

1,090

1,400

1,720

2,480

2,340

1,610

1,090

865

880

910

1,090

1,000

1,000

Nov.

1,000

955

890

820

780

820

820

780

820

820

820

780

865

780

720

670

670

670

586

392

437

4^7

374

330

426

429

432

330

330

330

Dec.

523

482

622

599

519

397

426

378

370

390

390

358

246

375

372

385

463

390

406

423

406

428

395

401

426

428

342

360

331

361

310

NOTE. Dally discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 530 and 10,400 second-feet 

(gage heights 0.4 and 6 feet). Discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 30, and Dec. 1 to 31, estimated, because of ice, from 

kilowatt output at Great Northern Power plant plus water passing over dam. Table as published for 

this period furnished by Great Northern Power Co., of Duluth. Discharge interpolated for days when 

gage was not read.

Monthly discharge of St. Louis Ewer near Thomson, Minn.,far 1912. 

[Drainage area, 3,420 square miles.]

Month.

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

September ..............................

Th« year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,330 

402 

724 

8,110 

13,200 

8,630 

2,620 

1,610 

1,950 

2,480 

1,000 

622

13,200

Minimum.

283 

171 

327 

1,040 

5,050 

1,610 

338 

330 

670 

865 

330 

246

171

Mean.

493 

334 

433 

2,570 

8,240 

4,130 

1,400 

687 

1,230 

1,280 

644 

410

1,830

Per 

square 

mile.

0.144 

.098 

.127 

.751 

2.41 

1.21 

.409 

.201 

.360 

.374 

.188 

.120

.535

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.17 

.11 

.15 

.84 

2.78 

1.35 

.47 

.23 

.40 

.43 

.21 

.14

7.28

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

WHITEFACE RIVER AT MEADOWLANDS, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge at Meadowlands, in sec. 14, T. 53 N., R. 19 W.,

half a mile below the nearest tributary, a small stream entering from the east. 

Records available. June 7,1909, to December 31,1912. 

Drainage area. 442 square miles.
22 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged since establishment.

Channel. Shifting at bridge, nearly permanent at control section.

Discharge measurements. Made from highway bridge except during extremely 

low water, when wading measurements are made.

Regulation. The flow is controlled to a large extent by logging dams above. The 

opening and shutting of the gates of these dams causes fluctuations in gage 

heights of several feet at the gaging station.

Accuracy. Logs collect on the control section some 2 miles below the gage, causing 

a varying amount of backwater at the gage. Prior to 1912 the flow during such 

periods of the year has been computed from a number of rating curves, some of 

which have been applied indirectly. During 1912 the flow during periods of 

backwater has been computed, using gage height at a chain gage established 

below the rapids applied to a rating curve which has been developed for that point.

Discharge measurements of Whiteface River at Meadowlands, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

Apr. 24

May 18<»

Aug. 116

Hydrographer.

S. B. Soule". .........

.....do..............

.....do..............

Gage 

height.

Feet.

7.10

3.52

Discharge.

 Sec.-feet. 

163

966

38

Date.

lit?

Hydrographer.

S. B. Soul<5.........

.....do..............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.51

3.50

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

44

45

o Lower gage 4.17.

6 Lower gage 1.80. Current very sluggish.

c Lower gage 1.80. 

d Lower gage 1.79.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Whiteface River at Meadowlands, Minn., for 1912. 

[A. F. Johnson, observer.]

Day.

1. .............. .....................

2....................................

3...................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16..... ........ .......................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....:...............................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

4.7

4

0

4.7

4.6

5.0

5.3

4.85

4.5

4.4

4.25

4.3

4.3

4.6

4.25

4.6

5.2

6.4

7.0

7.4

7.0

May.

6.0

6.0

8.7

9.2

9.3

9.0

9.1

8.7

7.9

7 9

7.4

7.9

6 9

7.8

7.2

7.8

6.9

6.8

7 9

6.9

7.2

7.7

7.3

7.3

6.5

6.5

7.5

7.6

8.1

7.5

6.5

June.

6.2

6.8

6.6

6.3

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.8

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.6

6.3

7.1

7.6

7.7

7.3

7.0

6.4

6.0

5.7

5.5

5.4

5.2

4.8

4.6

4.4

July.

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.5

Aug.

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.45

3.45

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.45

3.45

3.45

3.5

3.65

3.8

3.6

3.65

3.7

3.8

3.8

Sept.

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.8

3.8

4.1

4.4

4.3

Oct.

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.75

3.7

3.6

3.65

3.65

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.55

3.55

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

Nov.

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by backwater from log jams about Apr. 27 to May 9. 

11,12,14 to 17, and 19 to 31.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 23

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Whiteface River at Meadowlands, Minn.,for 1912.

Day.

1....... .............................

2....................................

3....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....... .............................

g

10....................................

11....................................

12

|O

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

26............................ ......

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31.................... ..

Apr.

247

269

947

227

qi e

9.QA

OCA

9fl7

187

169

187

169

227

160

997

QQrt

420

460

KAft

May.

1,020

1,020

1,020

905

870

June.

660

870

800

695

590

560

530

530

470

440

415

390

365

470

695

980

1,180

1,220

1,060

940

730

590

500

440

415

365

9AQ

227

187

151

July.

151

135

120

120

120

90

76

62

62

62

90

90

76

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

76

62

62

62

62

62

50

50

50

Aug.

50

50

40

40

40

40

40

40

40

50

50

50

50

50

50

45

45

40

40

40

45

45

45

50

69

90

62

69

76

90

90

Sept.

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

76

90

90

135

187

169

Get.

151

135

135

120

120

120

105

90

90

90

90

90

90

83

76

62

69

69

62

62

62

62

62

62

56

56

50

50

50

50

50

Nov.

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

NOTE. Discharge Apr. 27 to May 9, May 1J, 12, 14 to 17 and 19 to 31 estimated because of log jams from 

flow of Whiteface River below Meadowlands, Minn. 

Mean discharge May 1 to 9 estimated 920 second-feet. 

Mean discharge May 14 to 17 estimated 760 second-feet. 

Mean discharge May 19 to 31 estimated 820 second-feet. 

Backwater from ice probably began about Nov. 18.

Monthly discharge of Whiteface River at Meadowlands, Minn., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 442 square miles.]

Month.

April 10-30. .............................

May.....................................

July.....................................

October

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

a 500

1,220 

151 

90 

187 

151 

50

Minimum.

160

151 

50 

40 

76 

50 

50

Mean.

276 

865 

591 

83.9 

52.3 

91.8 

81.3 

50

Per

square 

milt}.

0.624 

1.96 

1.34 

.190 

.118 

.208 

.184 

.113

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.49 

2.26 

1.50 

.22 

.14 

.23 

.21 

.04

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

C.

a Estimated. 

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.
24 ST7BFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

WHITEFACE RIVER BELOW MEADOWLANDS, MINN.

Location, About 2J miles below the gaging station on Whiteface River at Meadowlands, half a mile below the beginning of decided rapids and about 10 miles above 

the confluence of Whiteface and St. Louis rivers.

Records available. April 28 to November 18, 1912.

Drainage area. 446 square miles.

Channel. Heavy gravel and rocks; probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made by wading and from the highway bridge in 

sec. 14, T. 83 N., R. 19 W., at which is located the gage of the station on Whiteface River at Meadowlands.

Regulation. The flow is controlled to a large extent by logging dams above. 

The operation of these gates causes fluctuation in gage heights of several feet at 

the gage section.

Accuracy. The channel is permanent and few logs lodge below the section, so that 

backwater is seldom present except from ice. Measurements made during 1913 

show that the 1912 curve is reliable. The records should therefore be good.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Whiteface River below Meadowlands, Minn.,for 1912.

[A. A. Jochim, observer.]

Day.

1............. .......................

2......... ...........................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7..:.-.........................-.....

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15.....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18. ...................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

3.2

3.45

May.

3.65

3.25

3.45

4.5

5.1

5.2

5.2

5.2

5,0

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.6

4.3

4.4

4.7

3.75

4.7

4.4

4.3

4.0

4.1

4.2

4.1

3.95

4.8

5.4

5.1

4.8

4.4

June.

4.05

4.4

4.3

4.1

4.0

4.0

3.9

3.75

3.4

3.45

3.35

3.35

3.3

3.35

3.6

5.0

5.2

5.1

5.0

4.7

4.3

4.0

3.7

3.45

3.25

3.15

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.5

July.

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.05

2.15

2.35

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.94

1.98

2.0

1.96

1.91

1.84

1.82

1.88

1.76

1.68

Aug.

1.75

1.71

1.69

1.65

1.65

1.72

1.75

1.70

1.74

1.81

1.81

1.79

1.78

1.72

1.71

1.71

1.81

1.79

1.79

1.80

1.76

1.70

1.71

1.71

1.70

1 79

1.78

1.81

1.85

2.0

2.1

Sept.

2.2

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.3

2.5

2.55

2.55

2.45

2.3

2.2

2.2-

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.05

2.05

1.96

2.05

2.05

2.0

1.96

2.05

9 1

2.2

2.35

2.5

2.6

Oct:

2.6

2.55

2.45

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.2

2.25

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.1

2.05

2.05

2.0

2.0

2.1

1.98

1.98

1.92

1.89

1.89

1.85

I QA

1.82

1.82

1.82

1 CO

Nov.

1.81

1.74

j 1.72

1.82

1.72

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.81

1.81

1.78

1.66

1.72

1.70

1.71
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR. 25 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Whiteface River below Meadowlands, Minn.,for 1912.

Day.

1... .................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15.....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26..............:.....................

97

28.... ................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

340

421

472

May.

489

356

421

854

1 200

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,140

1,020

1,020

1,020

906

752

802

960

524

960

802

752

620

662

706

662

600

388

1,020

1,390

1,200

1,020

802

June.

620

802

752

662

620

620

580

524

404

421

388

388

372

388

472

1,140

1,260

1,200

1,140

960

752

620

506

421

356

325

OCA

220

166

142

July.

142

131

120

111

102

94

86

86

Qfi

72

60

66

79

111

120

120

120

102

86

72

60

55

58

60

56

52

47

46

50

43

39

Aug.

42

40

40

38

38

41

42

40

d.9

46

46

44

44

41

40

46

46

44

44

di

43

40dn

40

40

41

4<t

46

48

60

72

Sept.

86

94

86

86

79

102

142

154

154

131

102

86

86

72

72

72

66

66

66

56

66

66

60

56

66

72

86

111

142

166

Oct.

166

154

131

120

111

102

86

94

79

72

72

66

72

66

66

60

60

72

58

58

56

53

50

50

48

47

AR

46

46

46

46

NOT.

46

42

41

46

41

45

45

45

45

45

45

46

46

44

38

41

41

40

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a fairly well defined rating curve which was determined from 

gage height comparison 

May 18 and Aug. 11, 1912.

.

a gage height comparison with gage at Meadowlands in conjunction with discharge measurements made 

and

Monthly discharge of Whiteface River below Meadowlands, Minn.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 446 square miles.]

Month.

May.....................................

July. .................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,390 

1,260 

142 

72 

166 

166 

46

Minimum.

356

142 

39 

38 

56 

46 

38

Mean.

865 

582 

81.7 

43.8 

91.6 

74.2 

43.4

Per 

square 

mile.

1.94 

1.30 

.183 

.098 

.205 

.16 

.097

Eun-ofl 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.24 

1.45, 

.21 

.11 

.23 

.19 

.06

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.
26 StTEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PAET IV.

CLOQTJET RIVER AT INDEPENDENCE, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge at Independence post office in sec. 26, T. 52 N., 

R. 17 W., just below a small tributary entering from the north.

Records available. June.28, 1909, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 698 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged since establishment.

Channel. Practically permanent except when affected by log jams.

Discharge measurements. Made from bridge.

Winter flow. Affected by ice. See footnote to table of daily discharge.

Artificial control. Cloquet River is used extensively for log driving, and the 

run-off from by far the greater part of the drainage area above Independence is 

controlled by logging dams. This control causes violent fluctuations in the gage 

heights during the day, amounting at times to several feet, and consequently 

the mean daily gage height which is the mean of three readings taken morning, 

noon, and night, can be considered only approximate. The chief purpose of the 

records is to show the approximate mean monthly discharge and total discharge.

Accuracy. The wing dam of logs which was placed in the river below the gage in 

1911 was removed June 5,1912. Measurements made after June 5, 1912, indicate 

that conditions have changed slightly from what they were before the dam was 

installed. The winter records are very good. For open-water accuracy see note 

under "artificial control."

Cooperation. Records of flow from the logging reservoirs were furnished by the 

Great Northern Power Co. of Duluth for the periods January 1-March 31, and 

December 1-31, 1912.

Discharge meas'arements of Cloquet River at Independence, Minn., in 1912.

Date.

Feb. 246

Mar. 29 c

May 18

Aug. 10d

Sept. 29«

29/

Hydrographer.

S. B. SoultL. .............................................................

.... .do. ...................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.17

7.03

7.42

6.55

4.84

3.96

3.96

Discharge.

SeCffeet. 

87.8

180

267

946

264

71.1

62.0

a Complete ice cover. Average thickness of ice 1.95 feet. Average distance water surface to top of ice, 

0.28 feet.

6 Complete ice cover. Average thickness of ice 3.08 feet. Average distance water surface to top of ice, 

0.31 feet.

^Complete ice cover. Average thickness of ice 3.09 feet. Average distance \, ater surface to top of ice, 

0.16 feet.

d Wing dam of logs has been removed.

e Wading, 1,100 feet above gage.

/ Wading, 1,300 feet above gage.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cloquet River at Independence, Minn., for 1912. 

[Herbert Haakensen, observer.]

Day.

1.. ........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14.......... 

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21.. ........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27.....-...-

28..........

29..........

30..........

31

Jan.

A 71?

6.2

5.3

5.35

6.2

5.8

6.1

6.4

6.5

Feb.

7.0

7.15

7.25

Mar.

7.25

7.15

7.2

7.4

7.45

7.5

7.4

7.45

7.4

Apr.

7.1

7.1

7.0

5.55

4.3 

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.3

4.7

4.7

6.2

6.0

4.95

4.85

6.1

6.2

6.0

6.8

6.2

7.0

May.

5.3

7.3

6.7

5.85

7.3

8.2

7.3

8.0

7.8

7.6

7.2

7.5

6.4

7.2 

7.5

7.9

8.3

6.6

7.0

7.2

5.25

5.7

5.9

5.7

6.8

7.6

6.3

7.3

7.1

8.3

8

O

June.

7.4

7 Q

8.3

8.2

7.6

7.3

7 9

6.3

5.25

4.6

6.7

6.5

6.9

5.25 

4.65

4.6

4.65

4.6

4.5

5.1

5.7

6.1

5.6

6.0

5.7

5.2

4.7

4.8

5.25

4.8

July.

4.85

4.55

5.9

6.2

4.85

4.65

5 7

5.05

4.75

5.3

6.5

6.1

4.75

5.85 

7.6

7.8

7.7

6.8

6.6

4.75

4.3

7.2

6.2

5.7

5.2

4.6

4.35

4.05

3.89

3.84

3

QA

Aug.

3.86

4

JC

5.1

5.2

5.1

5.0

5 OK

5.3

4.85

4.75

4.7

4.65

4.45

4.65

4.85

4.8

4.55

4.6

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.15

4.1

4.05

4.0

4.0

4.45

4.45

4

KK

Sept.

4.6

4* *,

4.45

4.5

4.45

4.4

4 5

4 6

4.65

4.7

4.95

4.95

5.0

4.75

4.65

4.85

4.8

4.65

4.8

4.75

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.8

4.8

4.9

4.9

4.35

4.05

Oct.

4 1

4.55

4.8

5.0

5.05

5.15

5

O

K. n

4.95

4.9

4.85

4.8

4.75

4.7

4.6

4.7

4.65

4.6

6.15

6.7

6.6

6.4

6.0

6.0

5.9

5.5

5.45

5.1

4.9

4.8

Nov.

4.8

4 65

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.8

4.8

4.75

4.55

4.35

4.45

4.3

4.15

3.91

4.1

4.0

4.J5

4.1

4.05

4.65

4.6

4.75

5.0

4.95

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to Apr. 13, and Nov. 22 to Dec. 31.
28 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1&12, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cloquet River at Independence, Minn.,for 1912.

Day.

1....................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11..............!.....................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24. ...................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr!

90

on

90

90

158

685

CQft

917

i no

635

685

590

1,070

685

1,220

May.

317

1,000

524

1,450

2,170

1,450

2,010

1,850

1,690

1,370

800

1,370

1,610

1,930

2

OEft

930

1,220

1,370

302

Afil

545

461

1,070

1,690

740

1,450

2

OEn

2 O Eft

June.

1,530

1,930

2,250

2,170

1,690

2,390

2,250

1,180

440

193

1,600

1,370

1,850

440

208

193

90S

193

165

700

1,000

635

920

700

415

224

257

440

257

July.

274

179

845

1,080

274

208

700

350

240

465

1,370

1,000

240

808

2,820

3,120

2,970

1,720

1,480

94ft

118

2,250

1,080

700

415

193

19Q

79

62

58

KK

Aug.

60

152

370

415

370

330

440

392

465

274

240

224

208

224

152

208

974

257

179

193

118

118

92

85

79

 73

152

152

17Q

Sept.

193

165

152

165

152

140

165

193

208

224

311

311

330

292

240

208

274

257

208

257

240

224

. 224

224

257

257

292

292

129

79

Oct.

85

179

257

330

350

392

415

330

311

292

 274

257

240

224

994

193

994

208

193

1,040

1 600

l'480

1,270

920

920

845

575

548

370

292

257

Nov.

257

208

994

224

224

994

257

257

O4A

179

129

1 IV)

118

100

Q9

64

85

92

85

7Q

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from two rating tables well defined between 60 and 2,000 second-feet. 

On June 5,1912, the wing dam below the bridge was entirely removed. One rating table applies prior to 

this date, and the other subsequent to it.

Discharge Jan. 1 to Apr. 13 and Nov. 22 to Dec. 31 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements 

and records of daily flow (Jan 1 to Mar 31 and Dec. 1 to 31), at outlet of Fish Lake reservoir, sec. 29, T. 52 N., 

R. 15 W.. and Island Lake reservoir, sec. 15, T. 52 N., E. 15 W., furnished by Great Northern Power Co.

Mean discharge Jan. 1 to 6 estimated 200 second-feet, varying u:om about 126 to 260 second-feet.

Mean discharge Jan. 7 to 15 estimated 90 second-feet, varying from about 85 to 95 second-feet.

Mean discharge Jan. 16 to Feb. 2 estimated 155 second-feet, varying from about 135 to 200 second-feet.

Mean discharge Feb. 3 to 15 estimated 100 second-feet, varying from about 85 to 125 second-feet.

Mean discharge Feb. 16 to 27 estimated 170 second-feet, varying from about 140 to 200 second-feet.

Mean discharge Mar. 1 to 31 estimated 190 second-feet.

Mean discharge Apr. 1 to 13 estimated 170 second-feet, varying from about 90 to 250 second-feet.

Mean discharge Nov. 22 to 30 estimated 92 second-feet, varying from about 90 to 95 second-feet.

Mean discharge Dec. 1 to 31, estimated 130 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Cloquet Ewer at Independence, Minn.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 698 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

September ..............................

October. ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,250 

2,390 

3,120 

465 

330 

1,600 

257

3,120

Minimum.

302 

165 

55 

60 

79 

85 

64

55

Mean.

150 

140 

190 

318 

1,320 

939 

823 

216 

222 

487 

140 

130

425

Per 

square 

mile.

0.215 

.201 

.272 

.456 

1.89 

1.35 

1.18 

.309 

.318 

.698 

. .201 

.186

.609

Run-Off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.25 

.22 

.31 

.51 

2.18 

1.51 

1.36 

.36 

.35 

.80 

.22 

.21

8.28

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

D.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV. 29 

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO IiAKE MICHIGAN. 

ESC AN ABA RIVER NEAR ESC AN ABA, MICH.

Location. At highway bridge between Escanaba and Gladstone, Mich., about 9 

miles north of Escanaba and 4 miles above mouth of river, T. 40N., R. 23 W., 

at quarter-section corner between sees. 24 and 25.

Records available. August 25, 1903, to March 31, 1909; June 1, 1909, to December 

31, 1912. Discharge measurements only April, May, and July, 1903.

Drainage area. 800 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain, attached to bridge; new gage installed November 15, 1910.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Winter flow. Affected by ice which exists some years for nearly 4 months.

Accuracy. Relation between gage height and discharge, during the logging season, 

affected by backwater from log jams. All gage readings for 1912 are correct, 

provided the new chain (installed Nov. 15, 1910) has not stretched, and prcn 

vided, also, that the structure to which the gage is attached has not changed since 

July 16, 1908.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Escanaba River near Escanaba, Mich., for 1912. 

[Miss Olive Beauchamp^ observer.]

Day.

1...... .........

2...............

5...............

6...............

7....... ........

8............... 

9............... 

10...............

11............... 

12...............

13...............

14............... 

15...............

16............... 

17...............

18...............

19............... 

20...............

21...............

32...............

23...............

24...............

25............... 

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.8

5.9

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.9

.......

4.4

.......

"'i.' 4"

4.3

.......

Feb.

.......

"~4."5"

4.0

Mar.

3.6

3.6

3.7

.'.".'.".

3.5

.......

3.6

Apr.

4.1

4.3

4.6

5.2

5.4

5.5

""s.'e"

4.5

4.1 

4.3

4.6

4.3 

4.7

5.4

4.8

4.6

4.4 

4.3

4,5

4.6

4.9

5.1

5.1

4.9

5.0

4.8

4.7

4.5

May.

4.3

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.4

4.6

4.9

4.8 

4.8 

4.3

4.3 

4.0

4.0

3.7 

3.5

3.3 

3.3

3.3

3.2 

3.2

3.3

3 A

4.0

4.5

4.3

3.9

4.1

4.4

4.1

4.1

June.

3.6

3.3

3.3

3.2

i i

i i

3.0

2.9 

2.9

2.8

2.7 

3.0

3.5

3.5 

3.4

3.3

3 A

3.3

3.1 

3.0

2.9

9 ft

2.6

2.6

2.5 

2.4

2.3

9 9

2.2

2

1

July.

2.1

2.0

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.5 

2.5 

2.4

2.5 

2.4

2.3

2.2 

2.2

2.2 

2.1

2.1

2.0 

2.0

2.0

9 1

9 n

2.2

2.2 

2.2

2.3

3

1

3 1

2.2

2.2

Aug.

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

9 n

2

1

2.3

2.6 

3.0 

3.3

3.8 

3.9

3.7

3.6 

3.3

2.9 

3.0

2.9

3.0

2.6

2.6

2

«

2.6

2.6

2.6 

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2

«

2.6

Sept.

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.1

9 Q

2

0

2.6

2.6

2.8 

,2.9

2.9 

3.0

2.9

3.0

2

0

2

0 

 o

2

0

2

0

2.8 

2.9

2.9

2.9

3.0

3.1

3.2 

3.3

3.1

3.1

3.0

3 ft

Oct.

2.4

2

K

2.5

2.6

2

K

2.5

2.4 

2.4 

2.5

2.5 

2.6

3.7

3.7 

3.6

3.4 

3.2

3.0

2.9 

2.8

2.8

3.0

3.2

3.1

3.2 

3.0

3.0

2 Q

2.9

2.8

2.8

Nov.

2.7

2 7

2.6

2.6

9 7

2.6

2.6

2.6 

2.7 

2.6

2.7 

2.7

9 7

2.7 

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5 

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.6 

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.7

4.6

Dec.

4.4

39

3.6

3.6

q K

fy M

3.4

......

......

A 1

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, and Nov. 30 to Dec. 31. 

The ice went out sometime between Apr. 1 and 5.
30 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Escanaba River near Escanaba, Mick., for 1912.

Day.

1....... .............................

2....................................

3....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20. ...................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

2,530

2,860

3,400

4,650

5,120

5,360

5,440

5,530

5,610

3,210

2,530

2,860

3,400

2,860

3,590

5,120

3,790

3,400

3,030

3,210

3; 400

4,000

4,430

4,430.

4,000

4,210

3,790

3,590

3,210

May.

2,860

2,530

2,380

2,380

3,030

3,400

4,000

3.790

3,790

2,860

2,860

2,380

2,380

1,950

1,680

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,300

1,300

1,420

1,550

2,380

3,210

2,860

2,530

2,230

2,530

3,030

2,530

2,, 530

June.

1,810

1,420

1,420

1,300

1,180

1,180

1,070

970

970

880

790

1,070

1,680

1,680

1,550

1,420

1,550

1,420

1,180

1,070

970

880

710

710

630

550

480

410

»410

350

July.

350

300

410

410

350

350

410

630

630

550

630

550

480

410

410

410

350

350

300

300

300

350

300

410

410

410

480

350

350

410

410

Aug.

410

350

350

350

300

350

480

710

1,070

1,420

2,090

2,230

1,950

1,810

1,420

970

1,070

970

1,070

710

710

710

710

710

710

710

710

710

710

710

710

Sept.

1,180

1,300

1,300

1,180

970

880

710

710

880

970

970

1,070

970

1,070

880

880

880

880

880

970

970

970

1,070

1,180

1,300

1,420

1,180

1,180

1,070

1,070

Oct.

550

630

630

710

710

630

630

550

550

630

630

710

1,950

1,950

1,810

1,550

1,300

1.070

970

880

880

1,070

1,300

1,180

1,300

1,070

1,070

970

970

880

880

Nov.

790

790

710

710

790

710

710

710

790

710

790

790

790

790

710

710

710

710

630

630

630

710

710

630

710

710

710

630

" 790

900

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well denned about 300 second-feet. Discharge 

Apr. 1 to 5 may be somewhat high because of ice effect. Discharge Nov. 30 estimated by comparison 

with Menominee River.

Monthly discharge of Escanaba River near Escanaba, Mich., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 800 square miles.]

Month.

January. . ...............................

February. ..............................

April....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,610 

4,000 

1,810 

630 

2,230 

1,420 

1,950 

900

5,610

Minimum.

2,530 

1,300 

350 

 300 

300 

710 

550 

630

300

Mean.

900 

850 

830 

3,850 

2,450 

1,060 

412 

900 

1,030 

987 

727 

650

1,220

Per 

square 

mile.

1.12 

1.06 

1.04 

4.81 

3.06 

1.32 

.515 

1.12 

1.29 

1.23 

.909 

.812

1.52

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

*area).

1.29 

1.14 

1.20 

5.37 

3.53 

1.47 

.59 

1.29 

1.44 

1.42 

1.01 

.94

20.69

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

D. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

D.

NOTE. Discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 31 and Nov. 30 to Dec. 31 estimated by comparison with the record of 

flow of Menominee River.
STREAMS TRIBUTAEY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 31

MENOMINEE RIVER NEAR IRON MOUNTAIN, HIGH.

Location. At the Homestead highway bridge, 3^ miles south of Iron Mountain, 

Mich.

Records available. September 4, 1902, to March 31, 1909; June 5, 1909, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 2,420 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain, attached to the bridge May 18,1904; the original gage was a 

staff on the right abutment of the bridge.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Artificial control. The flow of the river is to a certain extent controlled by logging 

dams.

Winter flow. It is reported under good authority that owing to the presence of a 

stream of water from the Iron Mountain mines flowing into the river a short distance above the gage, and to the fact that there are heavy rapids below the gage, 

ice seldom causes backwater at the gage.

Accuracy. Records will have to be used with caution, as no discharge measurements 

have been made since 1910 and backwater may be caused by ice and logs during 

certain portions of the year.

Cooperation. Gage checked with level and information regarding ice furnished by 

H. G. Roby, resident engineer, Peninsular Power Co., of Madison, Wis.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Menominee River near Iron Mountain, Mich., for 191%.

[A. J. St. Arnauld, observer.]

Day.

1... ............ 

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

21............... 

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.3 

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

4.8

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.0

3.6

3.3

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.7

2.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

40

3.6

3.1

3.0

Feb.

3.6 

3.2

3.6

3.6

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.3

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.3

3. ft

3.3

3

0

3.6.

3.3 

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

Mar.

3.2 

3.2

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

3.2

3.1

2.9

2.9

2.9

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.2

3

0

3.3

3.3 

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.6

3.9

3.9

3.8

Apr.

3.4 

3.5

3.5

3.5

4.7

5.9

7.4

8.3

8.0

7.5

6.7

7.2

6.7

5.5

7.7

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.0

7.5 

7.2

7.6

8.0

8.7

9.0

9.0

9.0

7.0

May.

7.0 

6.0

7.1

8.0

8.5

9 7

10.9

11.0

10.6

10.0

9 0

9.0

8.7

8.4

8.2

7.7

6.3

5.8

x, fi

4.8

4.6 

6.4

7.2

7.7

7.2

7.0

6.7

7.1

7.1

6.8

6.8

June.

6.0 

6.0

5.8

5.8

K A

5.2

5.0

4.2.

4.2

3.8

3.6

3.8

3.8

4.0

4.0

4.6

4.4

4.2

4.0

4.0

3.7

3 7

3.6

2.9

2 7

2.6

2.5

2

K

2.5

2.5

July.

2.7 

2.2

1.9

1.0

1.9

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.3

2.3

2.2

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6 

1.6

1.6

2.0

9 1

2.0

1.9

1 9

2.1

2.2

2

0

Aug.

2.2 

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.5

3.3

3.C

4.2

8.1

7.9

7.3

6.1

5.4

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.1

5.0

4.7

4 4

4.5

4.7

4.7

4.9

5.1

Sept.

5.0 

5.0

4.8

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.6

4.0

4.0

3l9

3.6

3.2

3.1

3.0

9 O

3 n

3.1

3

1

3.1

3.1 ? n

2.9

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

Oct.

2.2 

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.0

1.9

2.0

2.0

2.8

5.4

5.1

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.6

3 1

3.1

2.9 

2.9

2.9

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2 A

2.2

2.2

2.2

Nov.

2.2 

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.8

1 fi

1.6

1.7 

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.9

Dec.

2.0

2.6

2.6

2.6

3.0

3.6

3.8

3.2

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2

0

2.3

2.3 

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.5

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.0

NOTE. Apparently no backwater from ice during 1912.
32 STTKFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1912, PAKT IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Menominee River near Iron Mountain, Mich., for 1912.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3.. .............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.440

2,440

2 440

2,440

2,440

2,440

3,580

3,580

3,420

3,260

2,960

2,660

2 440

2,220

2,220

2,220

2,220

2,220

2,220

2,220

2,150

2,010

1,880

2,960

2,960

2,960

2 QAfi

2,960

2,660

2,290

2,220

Feb.

2,660

2,360

2,660

2,660

9 9QO

2,290

2,220

2,580

2,580

o ";sn

2,440

2,220

2,220

2,220

2,220

2,440

2,660

2 440

2 440

2^660

2,440

2 440

2,440

2,440

2,440

2 440

2,360

2,360

.......

Mar.

2,360

2,360

2,220

2,080

2,080

2 ADA

2,080

2,080

2

q/»A

2,290

2,150

9 i^n

2,150

2,290

2 9oft

2,360

2 OCA

2 440

2 440

2,440

2,440

2 440

2,440

2,440

2 440

2,510

2,660

2,880

2,880

2,810

Apr.

2,510

2,580

2 EGA

2,580

3,500

4,580

6,080

7,080

fi 74ft

6,180

5,160

S qftA

5,860

5,360

4,200

6 400

4^200

4,200

4,110

3

7KA

6,180

5 OCA

6,300

6 740

7,080

7,440

7,890

7,890

7,890

5,660

May.'

5,660

4,680

5,760

6,740

7,220

8,710

10,200

10,300

9,800

9,070

7,890

7 BOO

7 440 i, 100

6,970

6,400

4,960

4,490

4,300

3 EGA

3,420

5,060

5,860

6,400

5,860

5,660

5 OCA

1 7fiA

5,760

5,460

5,460

June.

4,680

4,680

4,490

A. iQft

4,110

3,930

3

7KA

3,110

3,110

2 cm

2,660

2 fit A

2 01 A

2

AAA

2 Qfin

3,420

3,110

2 QAft

9 QAA

2,740

2 740

o'fififl

2.150

2,010

1,940

1,880

1,880

1,880

1,880

July.

2,010

1,680

1 E/Vl

i i*nn

i i*nn

1,680

1,680

1,620

1,620

1 7WI

1,750

1,680

I

enfl

1 440

i' AAfl

i <un

1 Wft

1 340

1,340

1 340

1,340

1,340

1,340

i wn

1,620

1,560 i v\n

1.500

1,620

1,680

1,750

Aug.

1,680

1,620

1,620

1,620

1,560

1,560

1,880

2 440

2^660

3,110

6,860

6 640

5,970

4,780

4,110

3,750

3,750

3

7KA

3 7tf|

3

7KA

3,750

3

7CA

3

CMA

3,750

3,500

3,260

3 340

3,500

3,500

3,660

3,840

Sept.

3,750

3,750

3 Vi(\

3,580

3,420

3,260

2,960

2,810

2,660

2 AAA

2,960

2 Qfift

2,880

2,660

2,510

2,360

2,290

2,220

2 1 t^n

2,220

2,290

2

OQA

9 OQO

2,290

2,220

2,150

2,010

2,010

2,010

1,940

Oct.

1,680

1,7SO

1,680

1,680

1,680

1,680

1,750

1 560

1,500 i ^ftfl

1,560

2,080

4,110

3,840

3,750

3 34ft

2,960

2

AJ2A

9 9QH

9 9Qft

2,150

2,150

2,150

1,940

1,940

1,940

1 940

1,820

1,680

1,680

1,680

Nov.

1,680

1,680

1 680 I'eso

1,680

1,680

1 680

1^680

1,680

1,680

1,750

1,750

1,750

1,680

1,680

1,620

1,560

1 440

1^440 1 i4n

1,390

1 340

1^340

1,340

1 340

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,500

Dec.

1,560

1,940

1,940

1,940

2,220

2,660

2,810

2,360

2,080

1,940

1,940

1,820

1,750

1,750

1,750

1,750

1,750

1,750

1,750

1,750

1.750

1,750

1,750

1,680

1,750

1,750

1,880

1,680

1,560

1,560

1,560

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve.

Monthly discharge of Menominee River near Iron Mountain, Mich., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 2,420 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,580 

2,660 

2,880 

7,890 

10,300 

4,680 

2,010 

6,860 

3,750 

4,110 

1,750 

2,810

10,300

Minimum.

1,880 

2,220 

2,080 

2,510 

3,420 

1,880 

1,340 

1,560 

1,940 

1,500 

1,340 

1,560

1,340

Mean.

2,580 

2,430 

2,370 

5,400 

6,430 

3,030 

1,550 

3,440 

2,640 

2,140 

1,550 

1,870

2,950

Per 

square 

mile.

1.07 

1.00 

.979 

2.23

2.66 

1.25 

.640 

1.42 

1.09 

.884 

.640 

.773

1.22

Run-off 

(depth hi 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.23 

1.08 

1.13 

2.49 

3.07 

1.40 

.74 

1.64 

1.22 

1.02 

.71 

.89

16.62

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

WOLF RIVER AT KESHENA, WIS.

Location. At the highway bridge at Keshena, 3 miles below the outlet of the West 

Branch of Wolf River, which enters from the right.

Records available. May 9,1907, to March 31, 1909; February 10, 1911, to December 31, 1912. 1

Drainage area. 797 square miles.

i See also Water powers of Wisconsin: Bull Wisconsin Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey No. 20, 1908, 

pp. 100-102.
STBEAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 33

Gage. A vertical staff gage has been maintained at the same datum since installation. 

The gage was read twice daily up to October 1, 1911. Since that date mean of 

three readings (morning, noon, and evening) taken as mean for day.

Channel. Gravel; smooth and practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge.

Artificial control. The river and main tributaries above Keshena are controlled to 

some extent by logging dams.

Winter flow. During the winter solid ice forming in the vicinity of the gage causes 

1 to 3 feet of backwater. At times during the winter slush and frazil ice collect 

under this ice cover, making it impossible to make discharge measurements. The 

ice forms at the falls above Keshena and floats in the river as far as backwater from 

the dam at Shawano.

Accuracy. During open-water season the accuracy depends upon the accuracy with 

which the mean gage height is determined. Conditions favor the accurate determination of discharge.

Discharge measurements of Wolf River at Keshena, Wis., in 1912.

Date.

Feb. 13«

Oct. 29

Q.1

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

height.*

Feet.

2.25

2

OA.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

342

889

870

a Complete ice cover. Average thickness of ice, 2.4 feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wolf River at Keshena, Wis., for 1912. 

[R. and N. Gauthier, observers.]

Day.

1... ............

3...............

4.-.......-.--.-

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13. ..............

14. ..............

15...............

16...............

17............... la

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24. ..............

25. ..............

26...............

27. ..............

28...............

29. ..............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.7

4.7

4.7

4.8

5.2

5.4

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.3

5.2

4.7

4.7

4.5

4.5

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.5

4 4

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.4

4.3

A 9

4 9

Feb.

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.2

4.0

3.9

3 R

3.7

3.6

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.5

3 A

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.2

3 n

2.8

2.8

Mar.

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.2

9 1

2.0

1.9

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

i &

1.8

1.8

1 9

1.7

2.1

Apr.

2.4

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.2

3 9

3.2

3.1

3 9

3.3

3.3

3.2 * n

2.8

2

0

2.8

3 A

3.6

3.5

3 A

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

May.

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.7

4.0

3.8

3.5

3 A

3.2

3

rt

3.1

3.2

3 9

^ 1

3

1

3.2

3

rt

2.9

2 9

2

0

9 ft

2.8

9 Q

2.8

9 £

3 n

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.5

June.

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.7

2

ft

2 A

2.4

2.3

9 '1

9 °.

2

Q

9 9

2

rt

2

rt

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.4

July.

1.4

1.6

1.6

1.9

2.1

1 &

1.9

2

rt

9 1

2 n

2.1

2.0

2

rt

2 0

2

1

2

n

2

1

9 n

i ft

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

5 7

5.2

4.7

4.2

2 Q

2.5

2

0

Aug.

2.2

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.7

2.0

2.4

3.1

3 Q

4.6

4.2

4.3

4.0

3.8

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.6

3

K

3.2

2

0

2.8

2

O.

2 7

2

K

2.4

2.5

2

0

2.4

2

0

Sept.

5.7

6.7

5.6

5.0

4.6

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.5

3.2 9 l

2

0

2

0

2

0

3 9

3 1

2 Q

9 7

2 7

2 6

9 fi

2 6

2

0

O 7

2 7

2 7

2

0

2 7

Oct.

2.2

9 n

2 9

2.3

2.4

2.2

2.2

2 4

2.4

2

0

2 4

2.5

2.8

2

0

2

0

2.4

2.4

2

0

2.5

9 9

2

0

2

c

2.5

2 2

2.3

2 9

2.2

2 A

2 4

2 4

Nov.

2.4

2.3

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2 n

2.2

2.2

2 1

2.2

2.2

2.5

2.3

2

Q

2.2

2

*3

2.2

2 9

2.2

9 9

9 1

2

0

2

1

2 0

1 Q

*> n

2.0

1 Q

Dec.

2.0

2.8

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

3.0

2.8

2.6

3.0

3.8

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.4

4.5

4 4

4.7

5.1

5.4

5.5

5.4

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.3

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Mar. 30 and about Dec. 10 

tO 31.

1572° WSP 324 14 3
34 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wolf River at Keshena, Wis.,for 1912.

Day.

1. ..........................

2.. .........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15. ..........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28........................ ..

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Apr.

962

1,060

1,060

1,110

1,170

1,220

1,280

1,400

1,530

1 400

1 Af\[\

1,400

1 340

1 400

1 460

1 460

1,400 1 oftft

1,170

1,170

1,170

1,530

1,660

1 CQft

I

con

1,460

1,530

1 400

1 o^A

May.

1,280

1,280

1,280

1,340

1,720

1,920

1,790

1,590

1,530

1,400

1,280

1,340

1 400

1 400

1 340

1,340

1 400

1,280

1,220

1,220

1,170

1,170

1,170

1,220

1,170

1,170

1 280

1,460

1,530

1,530

> 1 ^QO

June.

1,530

1,460

1,400

1,280

1,280

1,170

1,110

1,060

962

962

962

915

QftO

915

(ron

780

780

695

614

614

575

614

536

536

536

July.

536

614

614

737

824

695

737

780

824

780

824

780

780

780

824

780

824

780

695

614

614

614

654

3,140

2,770

2,400

2,060

1,530

1,220

1.010

915

Aug.

869

780

780

695

695

654

780

962

1,340

1,850

2,330

2,060

2,120

1,920

1,790

1,530

1,590

1,660

1,660

1,590

1,400

1,170

1,170

1,060

1,110

1,010

962

1,010

1,170

962

915

Sept.

3,140

3,910

3,060

2,620

2,330

2,060

1,920

1,660

1,590

1,460

1,590

1,400

1,340

1,170

1,170

1,170

1,400

1,340

1,220

1,110

1,110

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,170

1,110

1,110

1,110

1,170

1,110

Oct.

869

780

869

915

962

869

869

962

962

915

962

1,010

1,170

1,170

1,170

962

962

915

1,010

869

915

1,010

1,010

869

915

869

915

869

962

962

962

Nov.

962

915

824

780

780

780

780

780

869

869

824

869

869

1,010

915

915

869

915

869

869

869

869

824

915

824

780

737

780

737

Dec.

780

1,170

1,220

1,170

1,170

1,170

1,110

1,110

1,060

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 400 and 2,000 second-feet. 

Discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 30 and Dec. 10 to 31 estimated, because of ice, from two discharge measurements, 

observer's reports, climatologic records, and flow of West Branch Wolf River at Neopit. Mean discharge, 

Jan. 1 to 31 estimated 620 second-feet, varying from about 770 to 470 second-feet; mean discharge Feb. 

1 to 29 estimated 380 second-feet, varying from about 460 to 340 second-feet; mean discharge Mar. 1 to 30 

estimated 430 second-feet, varying from about 350 to 700 second-feet; mean discharge Dec. 10 to 31 

estimated 920 second-feet, varying from about 1,040 to 840 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Wolf River at Keshena, Wis.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 797 square miles.]

Month.

January.. . ..............................

February. ..............................

May.......................... ............

July.....................................

August. .................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

824 

1,660 

1,920 

1,530 

3,140 

2,330 

3,910 

1,170 

1,010 

1,220

3,910

Minimum .

962 

1,170 

536 

536 

654 

1,060 

780 

737

Mean.

620 

380 

443 

1,340 

1,380 

897 

1,020 

1,280 

1,590 

949 

846 

974

978

Per 

square 

mile.

0.778 

.477 

.556 

1.68 

1.73 

1.13 

1.28 

1,61 

1.99 

1.19 

1.06 

1.22

1.23

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.90 

.51 

.64 

1.87 

1.99 

1.26 

1.48 

1.86 

2.22 

1.37 

1.18 

1.41

16.69

Accuracy.

C, 

C. 

C.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

C.

NOTE. See note to table of daily discharge.
STEEAMS TRIBUTAEY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 35

WEST BRANCH OF WOLF RIVER AT NEOPIT, WIS.

Location. At the dam and power plant at Neopit, a station of the Wisconsin Northern 

Railroad, 20 miles north of Shawano.

Records available. January 25 to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 108 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff.

Determination of flow. An attempt in 1911 to measure the flow by current meter 

a short distance below the dam proved unsatisfactory, and it was decided to rate 

the turbine and spillway. The power is developed by means of a timber dam, 

about 14 feet high, which backs the water upstream for a considerable distance and 

forms a service reservoir. The spillway is a rectangular opening about 13 feet 

wide, which is closed by means of stop planks. Little water leaks through the 

dam, but considerable passes between the planks when all are in place. The 

power house is at the dam and is equipped with a 35-inch Leffel-Samson turbine, 

belted to a 60-kilowatt generator, which is used chiefly for lighting. The turbine 

takes water from the service reservoir through a rectangular flume, which is 9 feet 

wide by 6 feet deep and is lined with smooth planks. The turbine was rated by 

means of current meter measurements in the flume. The spillway and leakage 

through the boards were rated by measurements in the sluiceway. Gages were 

placed in the pond and below the dam to show the head on the turbine. Readings 

of both gages, voltage, amperage, and number of planks removed from the spillway were recorded seven times each day, at 6, 7, and 10 a. m., 12 m., 3, 6, 

and 10 p. m. These readings were then weighted in accordance ^ith the elapsed 

interval.

Accuracy. Current meter measurements made October 30, 1912, and January 29, 

1913, indicate that the records were being carefully taken and that the computations give results well within 10 per cent.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Wolf River at Neopit, Wis.,for 1912.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

5..... ..........

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24.. .............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28. .............. x»

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

147

140

139

135

137

93

67

147

109

109

135

111

111

89

99

100

89

106

100

104

138

133

QQ

133

141

118

136

147

125

169

124

Feb.

135

166

122

155

135

150

149

98

115

108

146

124

147

123

128

144

134

162

163

167

155

114

123

112

141

121

98

114

108

Mar.

141

113

Q1

130

101

Q1

84

QA

134

QS

82

94

115

111

95

135

84

123

92

7Q

112

106

108

108

133

143

103

150

Apr.

128

128

123

165

212

211

172

189

216

236

141

208

217

914

62

137

180

235

198 003

147

84

188

206

322

115

165

May.

141

152

217

211

186

149

187

182

162

188

221

157

182

184

181

158

158

234

164

153

141

185

202

153

180

June.

138

160

129

140

171

167

127

156

167

185

150

107

on

137

118

147

156

130

QQ

95

115

152

95

105

114

180

on

113

July.

122

112

167

61

123

222

61

145

158

134

131

148

117

123

142

140

87

118

101

352

999

648

217

141

183

136

73

253

Aug.

70

80

130

120

115

122

149

208

313

429

345

182

214

217

170

141

174

Sept. Oct.

137

Nov.

142

139

119

141

148

148

146

143

85

149

161

160

170

170

165

162

95

. 115

110

83

75

82

117

159

149

121

127

112

131

175

Dec.

175

208

208

197

183

190

129

122

130

149

142

130

129

134

129

146

149

147

119

135

145

129

113

157

134

151

123

118

179

118

104
36 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Wolf River at Neopit, Wis.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 108 square miles.]

Month.

March. .................................

May....................................

July....................................

December. ........................ ....

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

169 

167 

166 

322 

244 

185 

999 

429 

175 

208

Minimum.

67 

98 

79 

62 

129 

90 

61 

70 

75 

104

Mean.

120 

133 

111 

180 

178 

135 

188 

187 

133 

146

Per 

square 

mile.

1.11 

1.23 

1.03 

1.67 

1.65 

1.25 

1.74 

1.73 

1.23 

1.35

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area)

1.28 

1.33 

1.19 

1.86 

1.90 

1.40 

2.01 

1.09 

1.37 

1.56

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

GRAND RIVER AT GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

Location. At Fulton Street Bridge in Grand Rapids, Mich.

Records available. March 12, 1901, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 4,900 square miles.

Gage. Staff, attached to bridge. In November, 1907, a new staff gage with zero

corresponding to the city datum was attached to the abutment of the bridge.

Readings on this gage were first reported in December, 1907. The zero of the

gage in use prior to November, 1907, was 0.55 foot below the city datum; all gage

readings, however, were corrected to the city datum and all published gage heights

are therefore referred to the same datum.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of the bridge. 

Winter flow. Somewhat affected by ice. 

Artificial control. The operation of power plants above the station may modify

the low-water flow. 

Accuracy. The two or three measurements made at this station since 1905 indicate

that the 1905 discharge curve is not applicable after that year. 

Cooperation. Records furnished by the city engineer of Grand Rapids.
38 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1&12, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Manistee River near Sherman, Midi., for 1912. 

[Miss Margaret Munn, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7.. ............ .

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24. ..............

25.. .............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.8

Feb.

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.9

2.8

2.6

1.8

2.0

2.0

2.3

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.3

Mar.

2.3

2.3

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.1

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.7

2.6

2.5

1 2.4

2.4

2.3

9 1

2.4

9 ^

2.6

2.9

3.0

Apr.

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

3.8

5.2

5.2

5.0

4.5

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.4 1 <?

3.8

3.7

3.6

i A.

3.3

3.2

3.0

2.9

May.

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.7

3.0

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.9

3.4

3.9

4.5

4.8

4.7

4.5

4.2

5 O

fi 9

6.4

5.9

June.

5.5

4.8

4.1

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.9

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

July.

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.8

3.2

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.4

2.4

Aug.

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.8

3.3

3.2

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.4

'2.4

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.8

Sept.

2.9

3.2

3.4

3.4

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.3

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.0

3.1

3.0

2.7

2.8

3.3

3.2

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

Oct.

2.7

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

2

0

2.6

2.5

2.5

Nov.

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

'2.6

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.9

3.5

3.9

4.0

4.0

3.8

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.0

Dec.

3.0

3.5

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.7

2 7

2.7

2.7

2.7

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 7 to 31. Gage heights Jan. 7 to 28 are to 

top of ice.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 37

Daily gage height, in feet, of Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich.,for 1912. 

[A. J. Seys and Chas. Darling, observers.]

Day.

1............... 

2...............

3............... 

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15............... 

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

'"2.5

2.6 

2.8

3.6

3.7

3.8

4.0

4.2

4.0

3.6

3.0

2.8 

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.2

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.2

1.0

.9

Feb.

0.9

.8

.9

.9

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.9

.8

.8

.8 

.7

.5

.3

.4

.6

.8

.1

.2

.2

.2

Mar.

0.4 

.3

"" .4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.2

.2

.2

.2

.1 

.2

.2

.4

1.4

2.4

3.8

4.2

4.6

4.6

4.8

5.4

6.4

7.6

Apr.

10.0 

11.7

13.0 

13.6

14.3

15.2

16.0

15.8

15.3

14.2

12.9

11.6

10.2

8.2 

7.2

6.S

6.4

6.2

6.1

5.2

4.5

4.0

3.6

3.2

2.8

3.0

May.

3.3

3.5

3.2 

3.0

2.4

2.2

1.8

1.7

1.4

3.3

4.9

5.6 

5.8

<> Q

5.7

5.2

5.6

6.6

7.8

9.4

10.1

8.8

7.7

7.2

6.1

June.

5.4

3.8 

3.2

2.7

2.4

1.8

1.9

.4

.4

.1

- .2

- .4

.0

- .3

- .2

- .65

- .83

- .75

- .9

-1.0

-1.0

- .8

-1.1

July.

-1.1 -1.1

-1.22

-1.2

-1.2

-1.0

- .75

.0

- .5

- .85

- .52

- .58 

- .62

co

OK

-1.05

-1.15

1.2

1.6

3.6

3.8

3.2

2.2

2.2

1.7

Aug.

1.4 

1.4

1.4

.3

.2

- .1

- .08

- .1

1.3

1.0

.9

.6 

.4

- .2

- .1

.1

.1

.2

.2

o

- .1

- .55

- .68

- .60

Sept.

.......

-0.3 

- .65

- .82

- .8

- .7

-1.0

Q

-1.0

-1.05

-1.1

-1.1

- .7

- .2

.0

.2

.2

.2

.0

.0

- .1

- .2

- .4

__ 0

Oct.

-0.3

- .55

- .5

- .6

- .5

- .85

- .85

.5

2.8

3.3

3.0

2.5

2.1

1.7

1.4

.6

.4

.7

.6

.3

.2

.0

- .2

Nov.

0.2 

.2

""."i"

1.1

2.0

4.2

5.8

6.4

5.2

4.5

4.5

5.4

6.4 

6.9

6.2

5.3

4.5

4.0

3.2

2.8

2.9

2.4

2.2

1.9

1.8

Dec.

""2."7

3.3 

3.8

3.9

4.3

4.2

3.0

2.1

1.6

1.0

1.6

1.8

2. -

2.3

2.2

1.6

1.4

.5

.0

.6

.2

.0

.2

NOTE. The ice on the river was half a foot thick Jan. 12. No other information available regarding ice.

MANISTEE RIVER NEAR SHERMAN, MICH.

Location. At north bridge, 1 mile from Sherman, Mich., immediately above the 

mouth of Wheeler Creek.

Records available. July 10, 1903, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 900 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Winter flow. Special studies are necessary to determine the winter flow as the 

stream freezes over. The constancy of flow is remarkable, and is due to the fact 

that the supply is derived from springs and ground water. The maximum 

recorded mean flow for any month from 1903 to 1908 is only two and one-half times 

the minimum recorded flow. Consequently a fairly close estimate of the discharge 

for the periods during which ice is present can be made by using climatological 

data and the general records.

Accuracy. Observations in 1910-11 indicate that the relation of gage height to discharge remains unchanged but may at times be affected by backwater from log 

jams.

Cooperation. Station maintained in cooperation with William G. Fargo.
40 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE HURON.

ATI SABLE RIVER AT BAMPIELD, MICH.

Location. At remains of old wooden highway bridge at Bamfield, near Glennie post 

offce, Mich., in the NW. J sec. 14, T. 25 N., R. 5 E., about 600 feet above the 

mouth of Bamfields Creek.

Records available. August 27, 1902, to December 31, 1912,

Drainage area. 1,420 square miles.

Gage. Staff, fastened to wooden crib pier of the old bridge about 600 feet above the 

steel bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the steel bridge about 600 feet below the 

wooden bridge at which measurements were formerly made. The steel bridge 

was begun in March and completed in July, 1907; part of the wooden bridge was 

removed when the steel bridge was finished. Bamfields Creek, which enters 

immediately above the steel bridge, carries only a few second-feet of water.

Winter flow. The river is frozen over two or three months each year, but open 

places, probably caused by inflow from springs, are found throughout the winter.

Accuracy. The relation between gage height and discharge is affected for short 

periods during the logging season by backwater from log jams and at times during 

the winter by backwater from anchor ice. Changes made in the channel below 

the gage when the new bridge was erected caused slight backwater at the gage. 

A measurement made in September, 1912, indicates a marked change in the relation between discharge and gage height subsequent to March, 1909.

Cooperation. Station maintained in cooperation with William G. Fargo. 

The following discharge measurement was made by P. S. Monk: 

September 18, 1912: Gage height 2.30 feet; discharge, 1,450 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Au Sable River at Bamfield, Mich., for 1912. 

[Mrs. W. H. Bamfield, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5... ........ ^...

1. ..............

8...............

9...............

10.. .............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22. ..............

23...... .........

24. ..............

25...............

26. ..............

27. ..............

28. ..............

29. ..............

30. .............. <jl

Jan.

2.1

2.2

2.4

4.1

3.2

3.2

<J 4

Feb.

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.5

Mar.

3 q

3.4

2.6

2.5

2.4

9 9

1.9

2.0

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.9

2.1

2 q

Apr.

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.2

3.2

4.6

4.5

4.0

3.7

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.3

3.1

2.9

2.9

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

May.

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2

1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.4

2.6

2.8

2.4

2.3

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.9

3.8

3.9

4.3

4.6

3.8

3.7

3.9

5.2

4.5

June.

4.0

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

July.

1.6'

1.7

1.7

1.8

2.0

1 9

2.0

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.9

2.2

2.4

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

Aug.

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.8

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.8

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

2.0

2.0

2.0

Sept.

2.1

2.6

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.5

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.1

2.2

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

Oct.

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.8

2.1

2.4

2.3

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.9

Nov.

1.9

1.9

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.6

3.6

3.3

3.4

3.4

2.2

2.8

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.6

2.6

I>ec.

2.9

3.5

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.1

2.9

2.6

2.9

2.6

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to about Mar. 17; anchor ice in the 

river Dec. 9 and probably at other times during December.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN. 39 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Manistee River near Sherman, Mich., for 1912.

Day.

1.. .............

2. ..............

3...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14. ..............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. .......... i ...

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

29..............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,210

Feb.

1,170

1,170

1,100

1,100

1,020

1,060

1,100

1,020

987

987

987

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,100

1,140

1,140

1,210

1,170

1,100

819

883

883

987

1,100

1,060

1,060

987

Mar.

987

987

1,100

1,020

1,020

987

1,020

1,020

1,060

1,060

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

917

987

987

1,020

1,060

1,140

1,100

1,060

1,020

1,020

987

987

1,020

1,060

1,100

1,210

1,250

Apr.

1,250

1,250

1,210

1,210

1,590

2,260

2,310

2,260

2,160

1,910

1,770

1,770

1,770

1,770

1,770

1,680

1,590

1,550

1,500

1,460

1,420

1,380

1 K fi

1,550

1,500

1,420

1,380

1,330

1,250

1,210

May.

1,170

1,170

1,170

1,170

1,140

1,170

1,170

1,170

1,140

1,100

1,140

1,250

1,380

1,420

1,380

1,330

1,290

1,250

1,210

1,420

1,640

1,730

1,910

2,060

2,010

1,910

1,770

2,260

2,790

2,900

2,630

June.

2,410

2,060

1,730

1,590

1,500

1,460

1,380

1,330

1,290

1,250

1,210

1,210

1,250

1,250

1,210

1,170

1,170

1,140

1,140

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,060

1,060

1,020

1,020

1,020

987

987

987

July.

987

952

952

952

987

1,020

1,170

1,330

1,250

1,140

1,100

1,020

1,060

1,100

1,100

1,060

1,020

1,020

1,020

987

987

987

987

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,020

1,060

1,100

1,020

1,020

Aug.

987

987

987

987

952

952

952

987

1,170

1,380

1,330

1,210

1,140

1,060

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,060

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,140

1,100

1,100

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,100

1,100

1,140

1,170

Sept.

1,210

1,330

1,420

1,500

1,460

1,380

1,380

1,500

1,460

1,460

1,380

1,330

1,250

1,290

1,250

1,140

1,170

1,380

1,330

1,250

1,250

1,250

1,210

1,210

1,170

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,140

Oct.

1,140

1,100

1 140

l'l40

1,170

1,170

1,100

1,060

1,060

1,100

1,100

1,210

1,250

1,250

1,250

1,210

1,170

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,170

1,170

1,140

1,140

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,060

1,060

Nov.

1,060

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,140

1,170

1,170

M70

1,210

1,210

1,460

1,640

1,680

1,680

1,590

1,460

1,420

1,420

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,330

1,290

1,250

1,250

Dec.

1,250

1,460

I

con

I

con

1,550

1,550

1,500

1,460

1,380

1,290

1,250

1,210

1,170

1,140

1,250

1,290

1,330

1,250

1,250

1,210

1,210

1,170

1,170

1,140

1,170

1,170

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,140

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well denned below 1,700 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Manistee River near Sherman, Mich., for 

[Drainage area, 900 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

December. ......... ....................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,210 

1,250 

2,310 

2,900 

2,410 

1,330 

1,380 

1,500 

1,250 

1,680 

1,590

2,900

Minimum.

819 

917 

1,210 

1,100 

987 

952 

952 

1,140 

1,060 

1,060 

1,140

819

Mean.

1,150 

1,050 

1,040 

1,600 

1,560 

1,270 

1,060 

1,080 

1,300 

1,140 

1,310 

1,280

1,240

Per 

square 

mile.

1.28 

1.17 

1.16 

1.78 

1.73 

1.41 

1.18 

1.20 

1.44 

1.27 

1.46 

1.42

1.38

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.48 

1.26 

1.34 

1.99 

1.99 

1.57 

1.36 

1.38 

1.61 

1.46 

1.63 

1.64

18.71

Accuracy.

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. Mean discharge Jan. 7-31 estimated l,140second-feet by comparison with flow at adjacent stations.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE HURON. 41

TITTABAWASSEE RIVER AT FREELAND, MICH.

Location. At the highway bridge at Freeland, Mich.

Records available. August 22, 1903, to August 3, 1906; October 28, 1906, to

December 31, 1909; January 1 to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 2,550 square miles. 

Cooperation. Data for 1912 were collected and furnished by G. S. Williams,

consulting engineer, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Mich., for 1912.

Day.

1...............

3...............

6. ..............

7. ..:..........-

8...............

9

10. ..............

11. ..............

19

13. ..............

15. ..............

16...............

17. ..............

18. ..............

19

20...............

91

99

23...............

24. ..............

25. ..............

26. ..............

97

28...............

29

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

2,300

2,160

1,960

1,805

1,765

1,680

1,640

1,620

1.620

1,615

1,595

1,570

1,520

1,500

1,480

1,480

1,485

1,480

1,455

1,435

1,390

1,360

1,340

1,305

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,340

1,295

1,295 

1,295

Feb.

1,290

1,260

1,240

1,260

1,275

1,300

1,300

1,390

1,300

1,300

1,310

1,330

1,345

1,315

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,315

1,315

1,330

1,345

1,365

1,390

1,410

1,435

1,425

1,450

1,450

1,440

Mar.

1,455

1,465

1,480

1,500

1,515

1,530

1,555

1,580

1,595

1,595

1,585

1,560

1,550

1,545

1,545

1,540

1,530

1,550

1,760

2,150

2,460

2,620

2,770

2,770

2,890

3,230

3,680

4,150

4,500

13.600 

18,800

Apr.

23,600

22,900

21,900

17,450

15,400

19,000

22,400

21,400

17,450

12,100

9,450

8,700

8,100

6,800

7,250

8,150

7,980

7,500

7,050

7,050

6,870

6,140

5,490

5.080

4,600

4,550

4,460

4,250

4,060

3,950

May.

3,800

3,600

3,600

3,150

2,940

2,740

2,570

2,400

2,240

2,070

2,065

2,740

4,550

7,250

7,400

6,380

6,380

7,760

6,380

6,150

21,400

32, 400

32,000

27,000

20,900

15,400

8,830

8,920

10,450

12,100 

10,200

June.

9,450

8,450

6,600

5,380

4,250

4,050

3,680

3,290

2,940

2,400

2,270

2,250

2,250

2,235

2,190

2,150

2,070

1,920

1,860

1,700

1,630

1,600

1,600

1,525

1,520

1,470

1,445

1,410

1,390

1,375

July.

1,380

1,410

1,390

1,375

1,370

1,370

1,370

1,375

1,370

1,370

1,375

1,400

1,420

1,415

1,440

1,460

1,540

1,535

1,600

1,680

1,820

2,070

2,480

3,600

4,550

4,660

4,570

4,350

3,470

2,500 

2,080

Aug.

1,373

1,540

1,000

1,065

1,190

1,450

1,600

1,980

2,400

2,420

2,650

2,400

2,080

1,700

1,350

1,200

1,175

1,150

1,180

1,240

1,350

1,300

1,280

1,240

1,220

1,200

1,240

1,280

1,300

1,350 

1,360

Sept.

1,380

1,380

2,070

2,840

2,070

1,750

1,600

1,550

1,510

1,260

1,060

930

1,110

1,380

1,600

1,840

2,000

2,070

2,250

2,400

2,750

2,780

2,760

2,400

1,970

1,940

1,760

1,600

1,450

1,300

Oct.

1,180

1,250

1,520

2,020

2,560

2,950

3,500

3,680

3,900

4,250

3,880

3,500

2,940

2,760

2,400

2,080

1,940

1,770

1,600

1,600

1,830

1,920

2,070

2,250

2,240

2,000

1,700

1,670

1,600

1,540 

1,520

Nov.

1,920

2,170

3,850

4,150

4,060

3,870

3,700

3,600

4,070

5,180

5,620

7,850

9,300

8,800

8,500

7,400

5,620

4,620

4,350

3,880

3,500

3,300

3,120

2,920

2,680

2,520

2,400

2,330

2,240

2,190

Dec.

2,190

2,250

3,120

5,000

2,770

7,500

5,820

4,550

4,470

3,700

3,960

3,500

3,340

3,120

3,020

2,940

2,920

2,890

2,940

3,010

3,000

2,900

2,840

2,690

2,600

2,520

2,400

2,250

2,160

2,040 

1,800

Monthly discharge of Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Mich., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 2,550 square miles.]

Month.

January

April ..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

October .......................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,300 

1,450 

18,800 

23,600 

32, 400 

9,450 

4,660 

2,650 

2,840 

4,250 

9,300 

7,500

32,400

Minimum.

1,300 

1,240 

1,460 

3,950 

2,060 

1,380 

1,370 

1,000 

930 

1,180 

1,920 

1,800

930

Mean.

1,540 

1,340 

3,000 

10,700 

9,220 

2; 880 

2,090 

1,490 

1,830 

2,310 

4,320 

3,230

3,660

Per

square 

mile.

0.604 

.525 

1.18 

4.20 

3.62 

1.13 

.820 

.584 

.718 

.906 

1.69 

1.27

1.44

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.70 

.57 

1.36 

4.69 

4.17 

1.26 

.95 

,67 

.80 

1.04 

1.89 

1.46

19.61
SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1&12, PART IV.

HURON RIVER AT DEXTER, MICH.

Location. At the highway bridge at Dexter, Mich., one-fourth mile below the mouth 

of Mill Creek.

Records available. September 1, 1904, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. Not measured.

Gage. Standard chain, attached to bridge; installed March 26, 1908, at the same 

datum as the staff gage which was in use until March 12, 1908, when it was carried out by ice; datum unchanged.

Channel. The high water that carried out the gage produced permanent change in 

the bed of the river; a small headrace runs to an abandoned mill on the left bank, 

but at ordinary stages little or no water flows into this canal; at high stages a 

small amount of water may pass around the gage through this race.

Discharge measurements. Made from a boat several hundred feet below the gage 

or from the bridge to which the gage is attached.

Winter flow. As the current is swift, little ice forms at this section.

Accuracy. Relation between gage height and discharge that existed prior to March 

12,1908, was altered as the result of the change in the river bed.produced at that 

time; gage heights are only slightly affected by ice. The station was inspected 

September 23, 1912, when the chain wasfound to be 0.13 too long. It wascorrect 

on October 17, 1908. Gage readings published for 1909, 1910, and 1911 should 

be corrected on account of this elongation of the chain.

Cooperation. Station maintained in cooperation with the Eastern Michigan Edison 

Co., Washtenaw division, Ann Arbor, Mich.

The following discharge measurement was made by P. S. Monk: 

September 23, 1912: Gage height, 0.05 feet; discharge, 265 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Huron River at Dexter, Mich., for 191%. 

[D. M. Litehfield, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5... ...... ......

6...............

7... ............

8. ..............

9................

10. ..............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14. ..............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

0.22

.5

.48

.5

.7

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.9

2.0

1.9

2.0

1.6

1.25

1.1

1.05

.8

.7

.6

.5

.38

.40

.40

.45

4ft

.40

.45

.40

.40

.40

.40

Feb.

0.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.5

.38

40

.30

.30

.32

.32

.30

.40

.40

.48

.5

1.0

1.15

1.1

1.0

1.15

1.15

1.2

1.2

Mar.

1.2

1,2

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.8

.8

.6

.5

.6

.6

.5

.5

.8

1.0

1.05

1.5

3.2

4.3

3.8

3.7

3.0

2.4

1 O

1.8

1 Q

2.1

2.3

2.9

3.1

Apr.

3.5

3.4

3.2

3.8

4.3

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.2

3.9

3.6

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.5

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.25

1.1

1.05

1.2

1.5

May.

1.4

1.2

1.1

.8

.7

.6

.6

.48

.35

.32

.48

.65

95

.85

1.1

1.2

1.05

.9

9

.85

.9

.7

.65

.6

.5

40

49

.5

At)

.40

June.

0.42

.40

.38

.5

.42

.38

.30

.30

.30

.22

.20

.18

- .08

- .10

- .08

- .02

- .10

- .10

- .10

- .10

- .10

- .10

- .20

- .22

on

- .10

- .08

- .12

- .18

- .18

July.

-0.20

- .20

- .40

- .42

- .40

- .40

- .38

- .40

- .50

- .45

- .48

- .48

- .42

- .40

- .40

- .20

- .25

- .25

- .10

- .15

- .12

- .20

- .40

- .30

on

- .30

- .32

 25

- .15

- .12

- .10

Aug.

-0.12

- .18

- .20

- .20

- .05

- .18

- .20

- .18

- .15

- .18

- .10

- .18

 .10

- .15

- .20

- .22

- .30

_ on

- .15

- .10

- .15

- .20

- .28

- .30

- .10

- .10

- .08

- .05

- .10

- .10

- .10

Sept.

-0.30

- .35

- .30

- .32

- .28

- .25

- .25

- .30

- .25

- .28

- .30

- .30

- .30

- .32

- .10

- .10

- .08

.08

.05

.02

.02

.08

.08

.0

.0

- .02

_ 05

- .10

.0

.0

Oct.

-0.05

- .08

 .10

- .10

- .10

- .10

- .05

- .02

.00

.02

.12

.10

.18

.12

.10

.10

.12

.18

.20

.18

.15

.20

.22

.20

.15

.12

.12

.12

.10

.12

.15

Nov.

0.38

.6

.6

.5

.5

.6

1.0

1.0

.9

.75

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

.45

.42

.38

.38

.38

.30

.30

on.

.30

on.

.30

.25

.20

Dec.

0.22

.25

.30

.28

.28

.28

.22

.20

.20

.15

.15

.18

.28

.12

.10

.10

.10

.10

.05

.00

- .02

.25

.28

.00

n,e

.00

.00

.02

.00

.00

.02

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 5 to Mar. 25. Ice 0.4 to 0.5 foot thick; 

many ice jams during this period. Gage heights to top of ice Feb. 22, 28, 29 and Mar. 1-5.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE HURON. 41

TITTABAWASSEE RIVER AT FREELAND, MICH.

Location. At the highway bridge at Freeland, Mich.

Records available. August 22, 1903, to August 3, 1906; October 28, 1906, to

December 31, 1909; January 1 to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 2,550 square miles. 

Cooperation. Data for 1912 were collected and furnished by G. S. Williams,

consulting engineer, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Mich., for 1912.

Day.

3. ..............

6. ..............

7...:.........--

8...............

9. ..............

10. ..............

12. ..............

13. ..............

15. ..............

16. ..............

17...............

18...............

19. ..............

20. ..............

21. ..............

22. ..............

23...............

OK

26. ..............

27...............

28.... ...........

29. ..............

30.. ............ .

31. ..............

Jan.

2,300

2,160

1,960

1,805

1,755

1,680

1,640

1,620

1,620

1,615

1,595

1,570

1,520

1,500

1,480

1,480

1,485

1,480

1,455

1,435

1,390

1,360

1,340

1,305

1,300

1.300

1,300

1,340

1,295

1,295

1,295

Feb.

1,290

1,260

1,240

1,260

1,275

1,300

1,300

1,390

1,300

1,300

1,310

1,330

1,345

1,315

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,315

1.315

1,330

1,345

1,365

1,390

1,410

1,435

1,425

1,450

1,450

1,440

Mar.

1.455

1,465

1.480

1,500

1,515

1,530

1,555

1,580

1.595

1,595

1,585

1,560

1,550

1,545

1,545

1,540

1,530

1,550

1,760

2,150

2,460

2,620

2,770

2,770

2,890

3,230

3,680

4,150

4.500

13,600

18,800

Apr.

23,600

22,900

21,900

17, 450

15,400

19,000

22,400

21,400

17,450

12,100

9,450

8,700

8,100

6,800

7,250

8,150

7,980

7,500

7,050

7,050

6,870

6,140

5,490

5,080

4,600

4,550

4,460

4,250

4,060

3,950

May.

3,800

3,600

3,600

3,150

2,940

2,740

2,570

2,400

2,240

2,070

2,065

2,740

4,550

7,250

7,400

6,380

6,380

7,760

6,380

6,150

21,400

32, 400

32, 000

27,000

20,900

15,400

8,830

8,920

10,450

12,100

10,200

June.

9,450

8,450

6,600

5,380

4,250

4,050

3,680

3,290

2,940

2,400

2,270

2,250

2,250

2,235

2,190

2,150

2,070

1,920

1,860

1,700

1,630

1,600

1,600

1,525

1,520

1,470

1,445

1,410

1,390

1,375

July.

1,380

1,410

1,390

1,375

1,370

1,370

1,370

1,375

1,370

1,370

1,375

1,400

1,420

1,415

1,440

1,460

1,540

1,535

1,600

1,680

1,820

2,070

2,480

3,600

4,550

4,660

4,570

4,350

3,470

2,500

2,080

Aug.

1.373

1,540

1,000

1,065

1,190

1,450

1,600

1,980

2,400

2,420

2,650

2,400

2,080

1,700

1,350

1,200

1,175

1,150

1,180

1,240

1,350

1,300

1,280

1,240

1,220

1,200

1,240

1,280

1,300

1,350

1,360

Sept.

1,380

1,380

2,070

2,840

2,070

1,750

1,600

1,550

1,510

1,260

1,060

930

1,110

1,380

1,600

1,840

2,000

2,070

2,250

2,400

2,750

2,780

2,760

2,400

1,970

1,940

1,760

1,600

1,450

1,300

Oct.

1,180

1,250

1,520

2,020

2,560

2,950

3,500

3,680

3,900

4,250

3,880

3,500

2,940

2,760

2,400

2,080

1,940

1,770

1,600

1,600

1,830

1,920

2,070

2,250

2,000

1,700

1,670

1,600

1,540

1,520

Nov.

1,920

2,170

3,850

4,150

4,060

3,870

3,700

3,600

4,070

5,180

5,620

7,850

9,300

8,800

8,500

7,400

5,620

4,620

4,350

3,880

3,500

3,300

3,120

2,920

2,520

2,400

2,330

2,240

2,190

Dee.

2,190

2,250

3,120

5,000

2,770

7,500

5,820

4,550

4,470

3,700

3,960

3,500

3,340

3,120

3,020

2,940

2,920

2,890

2,940

3,010

3,000

2,900

2,840

2,690

2,520

2,400

2,250

2,160

2,040

1,800

Monthly discharge of Tittabawassee River at Freeland, Mich., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 2,550 square miles.]

Month.

April.. . .......................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

September.... . ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,300 

1,450 

18,800 

23,600 

32, 400 

9,450 

4,660 

2,650 

2,840 

4,250 

9,300 

7,500

32,400

Minimum.

1,300 

1,240 

1,460 

3,950 

2,060 

1,380 

1,370 

1,000 

930 

1,180 

1,920 

1,800

930

Mean.

1,540 

1,340 

3,000 

10,700 

9,220 

2; 880 

2,090 

1,490 

1,830 

2,310 

4,320 

3,230

3,660

Per 

square 

mile.

0.604 

.525 

1.18 

4.20 

3.62 

1.13 

.820 

.584 

.718 

.906 

1.69 

1.27

1.44

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.70 

.57 

1.36 

4.69 

4.17 

1.26 

.95 

.67 

.80 

1.04 

1.89 

1.46

19.61
WATER SUPPLY, 1M2, PART rv.

HURON BIVEB AT DEXTER, MICH.

Location. At the highway bridge at Dexter, Mich., one-fourth mile below the mouth 

of Mill Creek.

Records available. September 1, 1904, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. Not measured.

Gage. Standard chain, attached to bridge; installed March 26, 1908, at the same 

datum as the staff gage which was in use until March 12, 1908, when it was carried out by ice; datum unchanged.

Channel. The high water that carried out the gage produced permanent change in 

the bed of the river; a small headrace runs to an abandoned mill on the left bank, 

but at ordinary stages little or no water flows into this canal; at high stages a 

small amount of water may pass around the gage through this race.

Discharge measurements. Made from a boat several hundred feet below the gage 

or from the bridge to which the gage is attached.

Winter now. As the current is swift, little ice forms at this section.

Accuracy. Relation between gage height and discharge that existed prior to March 

12,1908, was altered as the result of the change in the river bed.produced at that 

time; gage heights are only slightly affected by ice. The station was inspected 

September 23, 1912, when the chain wasfound to be 0.13 too long. It wascorrect 

on October 17, 1908. Gage readings published for 1909, 1910, and 1911 should 

be corrected on account of this elongation of the chain.

Cooperation. Station maintained in cooperation with the Eastern Michigan Edison 

Co., Waahtenaw division, Ann Arbor, Mich.

The following discharge measurement was made by P. S. Monk: 

September 23, 1912: Gage height, 0.05 feet; discharge, 265 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Huron River at Dexter, Mich., for 

[D. M. Litchfield, observer.]

Day.

1....... ........

2...............

3...............

4..... ..........

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17... ............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

0.22

.5

.48

.5

.7

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.9

2.0

1.9

2.0

1.6

1.25

1.1

.8

.7

.6

.5

.38

.40

.40

.45

.40

.40

.45

.40

.40

40

.40

Feb.

0.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.5

.38

.40

.30

.30

.32

.32

.30

.40

.40

.48

.5

1.0

1.15

1.1

1.0

1.15

1.15

1.2

1.2

Mar.

1.2

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.8

.8

.6

.5

.6

.6

.5

.5

.8

1.0

1.05

1.5

3.2

4.3

3.8

3.7

3.0

2.4

1.9

1.8

1 9

2.1

2.3

2.9

3.1

Apr.

3.5

3.4

3.2

3.8

4.3

4.4

4.2

3.9

3.6

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.5

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.25

1.1

1.05

1.2

1.5

May.

1.4

1.2

1.1

.8

.7

.6

.5

.48

.35

.32

.48

.65

.95

.85

1.1

1.2

1.05

.9

.85

.9

.7

.65

.6

.5

40

.5

.42

.40

June.

0.42

.40

.38

.5

.42

.38

.30

.30

.30

.22

.20

.18

- .08

- .10

- .08

- .02

- .10

- .10

- .10

- .10

- .10

- .10

- .20

 .22

- .30

- .10

- .08

- .12

- .18

1 Q

July.

-0.20

- .20

- .40

 .42

- .40

- .40

- .38

- .40

- .50

- .45

- .48

- .48

- .42

- .40

- .40

- .20

- .25

- .25

- .10

- .15

- .12

- .20

- .40

- .30

- .30

- .30

^9

- .25

- .15

19

- .10

Aug.

-0.12

- .18

- .20

- .20

- .05

- .18

- .20

- .18

- .15

- .18

- .10

- .18

- .10

- .15

- .20

- .22

- .30

^n

- .15

- .10

- .15

- .20

- .28

- .30

- .10

- .10

- .08

- .05

- .10

- .10

- .10

Sept.

-0.30

- .35

- .30

- .32

- .28

- .25

- .25

- .30

- .25

- .28

- .30

- .30

- .30

- .32

- .10

- .10

- .08

.08

.05

.02

.02

.08

.08

.0

.0

- .02

- .05

- .10

.0

.0

Oct.

-0.05

- .08

- .10

- .10

- .10

- .10

- .05

- .02

.00

.02

.12

.10

.18

.12

.10

.10

.12

.18

.20

.18

.15

.20

.22

.20

.15

.12

.12

.12

.10

.12

.15

Nov.

0.38

.6

.6

.5

.5

.6

1.0

1.0

.9

.75

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

.45

.42

.38

.38

.38

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.30

.25

.20

Dec.

0.22

.25

.30

.28

.28

.28

.22

.20

.20

.15

.15

.18

.28

.12

.10

.10

.10

.10

.05

.00

- .02

.25

.28

.00

- .05

.00

.00

.02

.00

.00

.02

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge aflected by ice Jan. 5 to Mar. 25. Ice 0.4 to 0.5 foot thick; 

many ice jams during this period. Gage heights to top of ice Feb. 22, 28, 29 and Mar. 1-5.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUBOff. 43

HURON RIVER AT GEDDES, MICH.

Location. At dam and power plant of the Eastern Michigan Edison Co. at Geddes,

Mich., half a mile above mouth of Fleming Creek. 

Records available. February 1, 1904, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 757 square miles. 

Determination of discharge. The flow of the river at this point is computed

from records of the operation of the power plant and records of the depth of the

flow over the dam. 

Cooperation. The estimates are made and furnished by G. S. Williams, consulting

engineer, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Huron River at Geddes, Mich., for 1912,

Day.

1. ..............

2.... ...........

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

2S... ............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

420

282

287

268

270

310

331

309

264

290

286

270

269

200

214

219

216

235

237

228

220

217

218

232

214

222

217

206

200

212

211

Feb.

213

197

216

178

220

204

208

198

209

217

202

272

211

197

202

199

205

246

296

311

222

221

232

9^0

246

241

253

240

Mar.

245

244

246

242

248

255

247

253

251

280

253

276

250

294

281

242

370

853

2,078

2,030

1,384

1,218

1,156

1,297

1,218

1,433

1,542

1,672

2,055

2,277

Apr.

2,527

2,278

2,100

2,128

2,576

2,616

2,674

2,560

2,451

2,433

2,151

2,005

1,920

1,849

1,737

1,518

1,503

1,505

1,443

1,273

1,070

1,154

877

875

819

693

589

723

955

May.

855

757

715

661

689

593

536

555

470

425

457

583

639

591

694

724

679

700

662

640

1,124

603

534

543

488

510

495

354

June.

462

410

440

401

397

332

240

306

259

262

240

228

232

161

265

205

190

184

182

139

183

iin

136 1'13

141

128

94

July.

144

87

82

90

94

85

45

97

86

101

86

91

94

. 66

102

90

93

84

105

124

90

112

94

146

145

150

148

124

215

264

226

Aug.

254

255

226

144

01 A

157

157

167

247

239

409

370

307

273

01ft

451

253

424

316

299

269

oqft

349

256

294

334

272

Sept.

235

275

368

259

293

304

334

302

327

296

316

307

286

288

334

315

342

385

398

403

376

504

481

413

OQO

400

386

382

429

422

Oct.

353

337

335

350

343

368

360

327

372

402

432

470

523

529

447

442

413

460

416

478

511

' 501

488

542

534

493

442

446

430

417

384

Nov.

631

899

889

886

748

893

1,075

972

1,022

943

836

821

868

825

869

800

874

7Q7

756

718

698

668

634

617

660

437

506

626

514

498

Dec.

529

567

572

560

453

614

589

593

600

4fi5

514

337

377

441

467

564

435

371

321

336

384

240

485

404

917

427

506

641

391

572

460

'e of Huron River at Geddes, Mich., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 757 square miles.]

Month.

March .........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

August. . ......................................

September. ....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

420 

311 

2,280 

2,670 

1,120 

462 

264 

451 

504 

542 

1,080 

641

2,280

Minimum.

200 

178 

242 

589 

354 

94 

45 

144 

235 

327 

437 

217

45

Mean.

251 

224 

835 

1,670 

614 

248 

115 

276 

352 

430 

766 

466

519

Per 

square 

mile.

0.332 

.296 

1.10 

2.21 

.811 

.328 

.152 

.365 

.465 

.568 

1.01 

.616

.686

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.38 

.32 

1.27 

2.47 

.94 

.37 

.18 

.42 

.52 

.65 

1.13 

.71

9.36
44 SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1912, PAET IV.

HURON RIVER AT FLAT ROCK, MICH.

Location. At the highway bridge at Flat Rock, Mich., 2,000 feet below the crossing of the Detroit, Toledo & Ironton Railroad.

Records available. August 6, 1904, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 1,000 square miles.

Gage. Staff; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Artificial control. At ordinary stages the flow of the river is controlled by a dam 

and power plant immediately above the station, but the operation of this plant 

is assumed to have little effect on the diurnal fluctuations of stage.

Winter flow. Ice jams form below the station and cause backwater at the gage; 

in general the section above the station is kept open by the power plant.

Accuracy. Station was inspected September 25, 1912; a measurement on this date 

indicates a marked change in the relation between gage height and discharge since 

October 16, 1908.

Cooperation. Station maintained in cooperation with the Eastern Michigan Edison 

Co., Washtenaw division, Ann Arbor, Mich.

The following discharge measurement was made by P. S. Monk: 

September 25, 1912: Gage height, 175 feet; discharge, 302 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Huron River at Flat Rock, Mich., for 1912. 

[C. L. Metier, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2.. .............

3...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

12. ..............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

21...............

99

23...............

26...............

26...............

27...............

28

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

2.4

2.9

2.4

2.8

2.9

2.9

3.0

2.8

3.8

3.6

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4 

2.4

2.2

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.5

2.4

Feb.

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.3

2.5

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.5

2.2

2.2

2.0

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.4

3.3

3 A

3.1 

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.4

3.3

Mar.

3.2

3.1

3.1

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.6

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.1

3.0

4.0

7.0

8.2

9.6

""9." 4"

8.6

8.2

8.3

8.3

8.7

8.6

Apr.

8.4

8.3

8.1

7.8

8.0

8.3

8.3

8.3

8.3

8.0

8.0

7.6

7.4

7.2

7.0

6.8

6.6

6.4

6.2

6.0

5.8

5.8

5.8 

5.4

5.1

4.8

4.4

4.1

3.8

4.2

May.

4.6

4.2

4.2

3.8

3.6

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.0

2.8

2.5

2.3

3.6

3.8

4.0

4.6

4.6

3.0

3.6

3.6

4.4

4.7 

3.9

3.4

2.8

2.8

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.7

June.

2.7

2.5

2.2

2.5

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.8

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3

.9

.75

1.1

1.2

.9

.7

.7

.7

July.

0.7

.7

1.0

.8

.6

.5

.6

.6

.5

.9

.9

.8

.8

.7

.7

.85

1.0

.8

.8

.75

.85

1.1

.7 

1.25

.95

1.05

.9

.8

.95

1.4

1.3

Aug.

1.3

1.5

1.4

1.2

.8

1.1

1.3

1.15

.75

.9

1.0

1.05

.25

.7

.3

.45

.1

.1

.95

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7 

1.35

1.2

.95

.65

1.2

1.25

1.1

1.1

Sept.

1.1

1.1

.6

.85

1.3

1.1

.9

1.0

.95

.8

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.0

.8

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.6

1.6

1.8 

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.5

1.4

Oct.

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.15

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.6

2.4

2.2 

2.2

2.3

2.1

1.9

1.4

2.0

1.9

1.9

Nov.

2.0

2.5

2.6

3.0

3.2

3.8

4.4

4.5

4.3

3.9

3.5

3.6

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.5

2.5

2.3

2.5

9 K

2.3 

2.3

2.0

2.5

2.2

2.0

1.8

2.3

Dec.

2.0

2.0

2.3

2.3

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.0

2.3

2.5

2.2

2.4

2.1

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.5

1 9

2.0 

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.9

1.9

2.4

NOTE. River frozen over from the first part of January to Mar. 20; heavy ice jam Mar. 21 to 24. Gage 

was taken out by ice Mar. 24, and was replaced a short time afterwards. During the interval readings were 

made on a temporary gage. No information regarding ice in December.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV. 45 

STREAM TRIBUTARY TO 3LAKE ERIE. 

CATTARAUGKJS CHEEK AT VEBSAILLES, N. Y.

Location. On a three-span highway bridge in the village of Versailles, about 6 miles 

below Gowanda, 2J miles above the mouth of Clear Creek (coming in from the 

right) and about 8 miles above the mouth of the stream.

Records available. September 23, 1910, to December 31, 1912. Data published 

also in annual reports of the State Water Supply Commission of New York, New 

York State Conservation Commission, and New York State engineer and surveyor.

Drainage area. 467 square miles.

Gage. Chain, fastened to the upstream side of the first span from the right-hand 

end of the bridge; read twice daily; datum unchanged.

Channel. Rock and gravel; considered permanent.

i Discharge measurements. Made from the downstream side of the bridge.

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge somewhat affected by ice.

Accuracy. Discharge rating curve well defined; data as published are good.

Discharge measurements of Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y., in 1912.

Date.

Mar. 26

27

27

28

Qrt

July 12

Hydrographer.

G. H. Canfield ............................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do.......................................'.............................

.....do....................................................................

.....do.........................................*...........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.36

5.75

6.09

5.79

7.57

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

256

727

1.125

782

1.760

4,610

279

Measurement under complete ice cover.
46 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y., for 191%. 

[James A. Palmer, observer.]

Day.

1...............

9

3...............

5...............

C.... ...........

7...............

8...............

9. ..............

10...............

11...............

12

13. ..............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23. ..............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

6.3

6.1

5.85

5.63

5.50

5.47

5.43

5.47

5.97

6.45

6.85

6.9

6.8

6.85

6.85

6.8

7.0

7.2

7.35

7.45

7.05

7.15

7.05 

6.95

Feb.

6.95

7.0

6.85

6.85

6.85

6.85

6.85

6.85

6.85

6.85

6.8

6.75

6.7

6.65

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.65

6.6

6.75

6.9

6.8

6.7

6.8

7.0

7.2

7.8

7.7

7.6

Mar.

7.35

7.15

7.1

7.1

7.0

7.05

7.0

6.9

7.0

6 9

6.9

6.95

6.1

6 9

7.15

7.2

7.5

8.0

7.9

7.8

6.75

6.35

6.05

6.05

5.9

5.7

6.05

6.5

8.8

7.5 

7.4

Apr.

8.9

6.95

6.7

7.4

8.0

8.3

7.1

6.5

5.9

5.9

6.8

6.65

6.4

6.3

7.1

6.55

6.0

5.95

5.92

5.95

6.0

6.3

6.1

6.1

6.05

6.0

5.8

7 ^K.

7.0

May.

6.35

5.95

5.85

5.75

5.70

5.78

6.3

6.15

5.95

5.75

5.65

5.45

5.65

5.78

5.72

5.88

6.05

5.85

5.65

5.58

5.58

5.52

5.45

5.42

5.32

5.32

5.28

5.20

> 5.25

5.22 

5.38

June.

5.25

5.22

5.45

E OK

5.22

5 19

5.12

5.12

5.10

5.08

5.08

5.05

5.05

5.05

5.08

5.22

5.12

5.08

5.05

4.98

5.00

5.02

5.05

5.02

5.05

5.02

5.02

4.95

July.

4.90

4.88

4.92

5.25

5.32

5.12

5.10

4.95

4 90

5.38

5.25

5.15

5.25

5.10

5.45

5.15

E AO

5.05

5.25

5.12

5.02

4.98

5.02

5.08

5.08

5.0

4.98

5.0 

5.02

Aug.

5.10

5.02

5.12

5.10

5.05

A QO

4.90

4.98

4 oa

5.02

4.98

5.08

5.08

5.05

5.88

5.92

5.02

5.08

4.95

4.92

5.05

5.08

4.98

5.08

5.32

5.38

5.35

5.12 

6.1

Sept.

7.7

6.6

5.70

5.38

5.30

5.22

5.20

5.12

5.05

5.00

5.08

5.12

5.12

5.02

5.02

5.22

5.32

5.30

5.32

5.20

5.05

5.08

5.15

5.38

5.25

5.12

5.02

5.02

5.02

5.02

Oct.

5.65

5.42

5.28

5.18

5.10

5.12

5.08

5.05

5.08

5.15

5.28

5.15

5.12

5.12

5.05

5.02

5.08

5.05

5.02

5.08

5.02

5.18

7.4

6.25

6.45

6.15

5.75

5.55

5.35

5.32 

5.22

Nov.

5.08

5.00

5.45

5.48

5.45

5.42

5.60

6.15

S on

6.05

5.75

5.58

5.48

5.65

5.52

5.52

5.52

5.48

5.42

5.50

5.42

5.45

5.38

5.35

5.38

5.40

5.48

5.48

5.52

5.58

Dec.

5.58

7.15

7.2

6.4

5.95

7.25

6.3

6.05

5.85

5.48

5.58

5.35

5.15

5.68

5.62

5.62

5.70

6.2

5.75

5.58

5.42

5.32

5.25

5.22

5.12

5.18

5.22

5.32

6.95 

6.45

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 8 to Mar. 14. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y., for 1910-191%.

Day.

1910. 

\...... .........

2. ..............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11..............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

Sept. Oct.

166

111

85

166 ldi

257

1,230

539

313

271

94";

207

183

183

100

Nov.

1,720

1,920

1,230

772

586

586

686

708

772

5,060

3 *7Qfi

1,820

1 4fin

1 380

I

OftA

Dec.

1,720

1,630

1,230

968

666

686

636

586

708

686

626

539

636

586

Day.

1910. 

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

24...............

25. ............ --

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30

31...............

Sept.

166

143

189

166

166

166

16ft

166

Oct.

183

149

166

149

149

137

606

740

405

475

850

539

1,630

1,460

1,300

1,160

Nov.

1,300

1,160

1,030

1,010

907

817

794

850

2,230

2,820

1,920

1,300

1,300

2,230

1,630

Dec.

448

586

586

817

794

708

606

686

705

686

740

686

686

2,940

3,780

1,630
STEEAM TRIBUTAKY TO LAKE EEIE. 47

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y.,for 1910-1912 

Continued.

Day.

1911. 

1. ....... .......

2...............

3...............

4...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

29..... ...........

30...............

31...............

1912. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11............. .

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16............. .

17. ..............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

01

Jan.

1,820

6,190

1,820

1,310

1,010

1,030

1,030

1 460

6,790

6,790

3,480

3,200

3,930

1,540

1,100

884

932

QQ9

1,160

1,160

1,030

586

686

740

1,300

5,740

2,120

1,380

1,030

1,160

850

616

492

466

431

Feb.

1,030

1,010

772

1,160

740

539

492

666

740

636

492

492

492

636

1,380

1,160

6,100

5,400

2,940

1,630

1,460

1,010

772

794

817

1,230

2,230

1,160

 \

Mar.

I

flOA

686

567

448

COQ

366

539

606

2,450

1 460

4,080

1,820

2,450

2,690

1,820

1,460

1,030

794

932

1,030

1,920

2,450

1,030

817

1,460

4,560

3,340

1,630

1,160

3,340

3,480

4 400

5,740

5,400

2 340

1,540

1,100

1,100

907

686

1,100

1,820

8,980

4,400

4 AQft

Apr.

OKA

OKA

779

907

6 460

5,060

1,630

1 460

1,230

968

1,030

1,230

968

1,010

448

794

1 030

1,010

1,030

850

817

666

606

539

539

606

9,340

7,900

2,820

2,230

4,080

6,100

7,180

3,200

1,820

907

907

2,450

2,120

1,630

1,460

3,200

968

932

968

1,030

1,460

1,160

1,160

1,100

1,030

794

3,930

2,940

May.

2 CJ7A

1

QOA

1 fl3fi

779

636

539

511

47 e

422

422

47 e

271

137

422

389

OQQ

343

366

666

1,160

405

343

327

366

343

271

313

292

271

271

1,540

968

850

740

686

772

1,460

1,230

968

740

636

448

636

772

708

884

1,100

850

636

567

567

511

448

422

343

343

313

257

292

271

OQQ

June.

327

O1 O

097

971

007

Q97

971

9^7

971

9^7

9*7

9R7

257

257

207

195

195

195

195

137

226

226

195

207

389

636

448

271

292

271

448

292

271

207

207

207

183

183

166

166

183

271

207

183

166

127

137

149

166

166

149

149

149

111

July.

9je

1GQ

137

1Q7

107

271

 I CO

195

207

137

107

111

111

137

327

183

327

271

245

245

226

195

195

207

195

137

85

75

95

343

207

111

111

85

389

292

226

292

195

448

226

149

149

166

292

207

149

127

149

183

183

137

127

137

14Q

Aug.

137

1O7

166

1,100

686

567

9Q9

708

366

397

226 1Q<;

195

195

166

539

366

292

226

166

137

195

207

207

327

'366

448

2,570

4,400

1,300

740

195

149

207

195

166

95

85

127

95

127

149

127

183

183

166

884

932

932

149

183

111

95

166

183

127

183

343

389

366

207

1,160

Sept.

636

KOQ

448 040

343

3,070

3,480

S Ofifl

1 230 770

686

606

636

586

586

586

405

422

405

405

343

343

343

271

475

389

327

343

327

389

5,060

2,020

686

271

257

207

166

137

183

207

207

149

149

271

343

327

343

257

166

183

226

389

292

207

149

149

149

149

Oct.

1,030

2 340

1,030

1 ^4/1

1,630

1 93fi

884

SKft

74ft

686

708

606

511

511

539

539

606

586

586

539

422

606

606

567

586

475

405

475

636

422

313

245

195

207

183

166

183

226

313

226

207

207

166

149

183

166

149

183

149

245

4,080

1,380

1,720

1,230

740

539

366

343

271

Nov.

7QJ

708

586

511

J.Q9

511

1 030

907

686

OCA

1,160

1,160

1,230

1,160

1,030

7,540

2,230

1,820

1,630

1,380

1 300

2^340

1,720

1,380

1,160

1,160

3,070

2,230

183

137

448

475

448

422

586

1,230

907

1,100

740

567

475

636

511

511

511

475

422

492

422

448

389

366

389

405

475

475

511

567

Dec.

1,820

I QOft

1,230

907

SI 7

794

817

1,010

1,380

2,120

1,820

1,920

5,960

2,940

3,200

2 340

2,120

1,720

1,160

850

884

1,010

2,690

1,300

1,100

1,030

1,630

932

1,720

1,100

1,030

567

3,340

3,480

1.630

968

3,630

1,460

1,100

850

475

567

366

226

666

606

606

686

907

1,300

740

567

422

343

292

271

207

245

271

342

2,820

1,720

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined below 2,000 second-feet. Daily 

discharge Jan. 1 to 5 and 10 to 12,1911, reduced somewhat on account of ice jams. Daily discharge for other 

short geriods during 1911 may be in error because of ice jams.
48 STTBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y.,for 1910-1912. 

[Drainage area, 467 square miles.]

Month.

1910.

1911.

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

1912.

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

189 

1,630 

5,060 

3,780

6,100 

4, SCO 

6,460 

2,570 

636 

327 

4,400 

5,060 

2,340 

7,540 

5,920

7,540

8,980 

9,340 

1,540 

448 

448 

1,160 

5,060 

4,080 

1,100 

3,630

9,340

Minimum.

143

85 

586 

448

492 

366 

448 

137 

137 

111 

137 

271 

405 

492 

794

111

794 

257 

111 

75 

85 

137 

149 

137 

207

75

Mean.

166 

464 

1,500 

964

1,870 

1,360 

1,530 

1,440 

560 

270 

189 

579 

826 

775 

1,480 

1,640

1,040

470 

290 

2,050 

2,590 

689 

197 

193 

279 

467 

509 

524 

1,020

747

Per

square 

mile.

0.356 

.994 

3.21 

2.06

4.00 

2.91 

3.28 

3.08 

1.20 

.578 

.405 

1.24 

1.77 

1.66 

3.17 

3.51

2.23

1.01 

.621 

4.39 

5.55 

1.48 

.422 

.413 

.597 

1.00 

1.09 

1.12 

2.18

1.66

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.11 

1.15 

3.58 

2.38

4.61 

3.03 

3.78 

3.44 

1.38 

.64 

.47 

1.43 

1.98 

1.91 

3.54 

4.05

30.26

1.16 

.67 

5.06 

6.19 

1.71 

.47 

.48 

.69 

1.12 

1.26 

1.25 

2.51

22.57

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

C.

D. 

C. 

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

D. 

D. 

C.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. Discharge Jan. 8 to Mar. 14,1912, estimated by means of comparison with adjacent stations. 

Mean discharge Jan. 8-31 estimated 380 second-feet. 

Mean discharge Mar. 1-14 estimated 500 second-feet.
SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1912, PAET IV. 49 

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 

LITTLE TONAWANDA CHEEK AT LINDEN, N. Y.

Location. At the stone-arch highway bridge in the village of Linden, 600 feet northeast of the Erie Railroad station and 3 miles above the junction with Tonawanda 

Creek.

Records available. July 8 to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 20.7 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff, on the right-hand upstream abutment of the bridge; lower 2 

feet enameled-iron gage, graduated to hundred ths of a foot;- upper 4 feet of bronze, 

graduated to half tenths. An auxiliary bronze gage fastened to the right-hand 

downstream abutment of the bridge is used to check the rating of the upper gage.

Channel. A standard Francis weir, 2.01 feet long and 8 inches high, has been constructed under the upstream side of the bridge. When the stage gets above the 

depth of this weir, it flows over a 2-inch plank about 13 feet long, including the 2 

feet of weir. The crest of the weir is at gage height 0.03 foot.

Discharge measurements. Made from a cable and car 1,000 feet above the gage 

at high stages and by wading above the weir at low stages.

Accuracy. At gage height 0.69 or below the flow is confined to the weir, and for such 

periods the accuracy of the computations will be the accuracy of any Francis 

weir; for stages above gage height 0.69 the weir has been rated with a current 

meter, and the accuracy of the data so obtained should also be excellent.

Discharge measurements of Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y., in 1912.

Date.

1912. July 8

Oct. 3

3

3

5

7

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

(«)

0.38

.38

.38

1.11

1.08

1.19

Discharge.

Sec.jt. 

1.14

1.31

1.40

1.37

17.9

16.5

94 Q

o Gage not installed.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y.,for 1912. 

[C. L. Schenckj observer.]

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7

8.......... 

9..........

10.......... 

11..........

12.......... 

13.......... 

14..........

15..........

July.

0.44 

.39

.36 

.35

54

.39

Aug.

0.34

OK

.38

.34

.32

.31

.30

.30 

.30

.30 

.30

.30

.28 

.28

.26

Sept.

0.51

AQ

.65

.55

.48

11

.40

.38 

.38

.34 

.S4

.34 

.32 

.31

.32

Oct.

0.38

.40

.39

.35

t33

.32

.31 

.31

.34 

34

.32 

.32 

.31

.31

Nov.

0.52

.50

.50

.46

.45

44

.52

.90 

.98

.90

.82

.78 

.75 

.95

.88

Dee.

0.83

1.43

1.79

1.30

1.44

1.20

1.02

.92

1.02 

.94

.88 

.84 

.82

.83

Day.

16. .........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21 ..........

22..........

23.......... 

24. .. .......

25.......... 

26..........

27.......... 

28.......... 

29..........

30.......... 

31..........

July.

0.48

.39

.36

.35

.34

.37

.40

.36 

.34

.33 

.33

.30 

.30 

.46

.35 

.34

Aug.

0.24

.24

.38

.33

.3?

.36

.40

.92 

.96

.79

.7?

.70 

.62 

.58

.52 

.47

Sept.

0.39

04.

.37

.40

.50

.40

.36

.40 

.46

'.52 

.43

.39

.38 

.36

.36

Oct.

0.30

.30

.30

.32

.30

.30

.28

.42 

.69

.86 

.84

.78 

.72 

.66

.60 

.54

Nov.

0.88

84

.82

.80

.80

.76

.74

.72 

.72

.82 

.78

.84 

.80 

.84

.85

Dec.

0.84

.86

.90

1.00

.87

.88

.86

.86 

.88

.87 

.86

.89 

.80

.88

.94

1.29

NOTE. To reduce gage heights to heads on the weir, subtract 0.03 foot. 

1572° WSP 324 14 4
50 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PAET IV. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y., for 1912.

Day.

1... .......

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

July.

1.14

1.68

1.39

1.23

1.17

2.32

1.39

Aug.

1.12

1.17

1.34

1.12

1.01

Qfi

.91

.91

.91

.91

.91

.91

.82

.82

.72

Sept.

2.12

3.36

3 O7

2.38

1 OT

1.68

1 45

1.34

1.34

1.12

1.12

1.12

1.01

.96

1.01

Oct.

1.34

1.51

1.39

1.17

1.07

1.01

.96

.96

1.12

1.12

1.01

1.01

.96

Nov.

2

1Q

2

nc

2.05

1.81

1.74

1 fiS

2.18

8.4

11.2

8.4

6.0

5.0

4.4

10.1

7.8

Dec.

6.3

37.4

66.2

 to -I

OO O

21.2

12.8

9.1

12.8

9

0

7.8

6.6

6.0

Day.

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

9Q

on

S1

July.

1 93

1.39

1.23

1.17

1.12

1,28

1 45

1.23

1.12

1.07

1.07

.91

.91

1.81

1.17

1.12

Aug.

0.63

.63

1.34

1.07

1.01

1.23

35.0

9.1

10.5

5.2

3.8

3.48

2.86

2.18

1.87

Sept.

1.39

1.12

1.28

1.45

2.05

1 Af\

1.23

1.45

1.81

2.18

1.62

1.39

1.34

1.23

1.23

Oct.

0.91

.91

.91

1.01

91

91

.82

1.56

3.36

7.2

6.6

5.0

3.8

9. 1/t

2.72

2.32

Nov.

7 a

6.6

6.0

5.5

5.5

4.6

4.2

3.8

3.8

6.0

** n

6.6

5.5

6.6

6.9

Dec.

6.6

7.2

8.4

12.0

7.5

7.8

7.2

7.2

7.8

7 S

7.2

8.1

5.5

7.8

9.8

25.4

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve based on the Francis weir formula. Above 

gage height 0.69 foot the entire length of the wooden dam is considered as a weir. The discharge measurements that have been made check the curve quite closely.

Monthly discharge of Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, N. Y.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 22 square miles.]

Month.

July 10-31..................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

 2.32 

35.0 

3.36

7.2 

11.2 

66.2

Minimum.

0.91 

.63

.96 

.82 

1.68 

5.5

Mean.

1.33 

3.09 

1.57 

1.91 

5.31 

13.8

Per 

square 

mile.

0.060 

.140 

.071 

.087 

.241 

.627

Run-ofl.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.05 

.16 

.08 

.10 

.27 

.72

Millions 

of gallons.

18.9 

60.9 

30.4 

38.3 

103. 

276.

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

GENE SEE RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES.

GENESEE EIVEE AT ST. HELENA, N. Y.

Location. At the steel highway bridge about 6 miles above the mouth of Silver Lake 

outlet (coming in from the left), 9£ miles above Canaseraga Creek (coming in from 

the right), and 5£ miles below the village of Portageville and the site of the 

proposed storage dam of the State of New York Conservation Commission.

Records available. August 14, 1908, to December 31, 1912. Published also in 

annual reports of the State Water Supply Commission of New York, 1910, the 

New York State engineer and surveyor, and the Conservation Commission of 

New York.

Drainage area. 1,030 square miles.

Gage. Chain, fastened to the upstream side of the bridge, middle span; read twice 

daily; datum unchanged. Since August 24, 1911, a Gurley automatic waterstage register with intake pipe to the well a few feet downstream from the chain 

gage; datum same as chain gage, but slope of water surface makes readings 

different.

Channel. Gravel and rocks; fairly permanent. /

Discharge measurements. At high stages made from the bridge; at low stages, by 

wading near the bridge.
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 51

Winter flow. Relation between gage height and discharge usually but slightly 

affected by ice; determination of winter discharge considered good.

Accuracy. Discharge rating curve is well defined and data as published are considered excellent.

Discharge measurements ofGenesee River at St. Helena, N. Y., in 1912.

Date.

4

Feb. 176

Mar. 106

22

Oct. 25

25

29c

Hydrographer.

C. S. De Golyer................................................

.....do.........................................................

G.H.Canfleld................ .................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

C. 8. De Golyer. ...............................................

.....do.........................................................

Gagel

Chain.

Feet. 

2.78

2.63

3.32

4.54

4.44

4.41

2.02

3.34

3.52

2.84

leight.

Recording.

Feet. 

2.72

2.58

3.29

4.47

4.38

4 31

2.01

3.24

3.40

2.77

charge.

Sec.-ft. 

502

480

211

740

2,470

2.440

196

954

1,130

552

a Some slush ice and ice near shore.

6 Measurements made under complete ice cover.

Measurements made by wading.

Daily gage height, in feet, from, automatic.and chain gages, ofGenesee River at St. Helena,

N. Y:,for 1912.

[Herman Piper, observer.]

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24. .............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30

31..............

January.

Auto.

2.71 

2.59

2.39 

2.47 

2.80 

2.82 

2.70

2.74 

2.83

2.85 

2.85 

2.89

3.23

3.42

3.37 

3.49 

4.41

4.36 

4.10 

3.98 

3.86 

3.71

3.61 

3.54 

3.46 

3.40 

3u\

3.36

Chain.

3.2

3.0 

2.9

2.65 

2.55

2.46 

2.7 

2.75 

2.46 

2.65

2.8 

2.9

2.8 

2.7 

2.8

2.9

2.85

2.9 

3.0 

4.2

4.1 

3.2

2.8 

3.5 

3.0

2.8 

2.7 

2.65 

2.6 

2.7

2.5

February.

Auto.

3.34 

3.33 

3.32 

3.29 

3.30

3.31

3.28 

3.29 

3.28 

3.28

3.28

3.3i 

3.35 

3.49

3.67 

4.17 

4.15 

4.20 

4.42

4.45 

4.72 

4.95 

4.82

Chain.

2.6 

2.7 

2.65 

2.6 

2.5

2.45 

2.5 

2.45 

2.5 

2.45

2.4 

2.5 

2.85 

2.8 

3.0

2.7 

3.25 

3.15 

3.35 

3.3

3.4 

4.3 

4.2 

4.3 

4.5

4.6 

4.8 

5.1 

5.0

March.

Auto.

4.50 

4.28 

4.14 

4.05 

3.99

 3.93

3.89 

3.93 

4.08 

4.48

4.48 

4.33 

4.27 

4.18 

4.22

5.92 

6.32 

7.17 

7.11 

7.26

5.38 

4.39 

4.08 

3.93 

3.60

3.38 

3.41 

4.20 

7.95 

8.35 

7.24

Chain.

4.9

4.6 

4.4 

4.3 

4.2

4.2 

4.2 

4.2 

4.2 

4.6

4.5 

4.4 

4.3 

4.2 

4.2

5.9

6.5 

7.3 

7.0

7.3

5.4 

4.4 

4.1 

4.2 

3.55

3.4 

3.55 

4.7 

8.9 

8.2 

6.9

April.

Auto.

8.55 

8.13 

6.54 

5.38 

6.30

2.62 

7.39 

6.80 

5.36 

5.28

4.67 

4.64 

5.54 

4.77 

4.96

4.95 

4.37 

4.09 

3.99 

3.78

3.58 

3.48 

3.87 

3.90 

3.73

3.44 

3.26 

3.14 

4.50 

6.50

Chain.

8.6 

8.6 6.4' 

5.4 

6.6

7.4 

7.4 

6.9 

5.4 

5.4

4.7 

4.7 

5.6 

4.8 

5.7

5.0 

4.4 

4.2 

4.1 

3.85

3.65 

3.55 

3.9 

4.0 

3.8

3.55 

3.4 

3.2

4.6 

6.5

May.

Auto.

4.75 

4.14 

3.82 

3.58 

3.38

3.34 

3.40 

3.26 

3.12 

3.11

3.02 

2.86 

3.04 

3.16 

3.07

3.79 

5.74 

4.56 

3.95 

3.65

3.42 

3.38 

3.35 

3.06 

2.88

2.76 

2.67 

2.57 

2.54 

2.57 

2.73

Chain.

5.0 

4.2 

3.9 

3.7

3.45

3.4 

3.55 

3.4 

3.15 

3.2.

3.1 

2.95 

3.1 

3.25 

3.1

3.7

5,9 

4.7 

4.0 

3.25

3.5

3.55 

3.45 

3.2 

3.0

2.8 

2.7 

2.65 

2.6 

2.6 

2.8

June.

Auto.

2.56 

2.46 

2.53 

2.72 

2.48

2.38 

2.33 

2.28 

2.21 

2.20

2.13 

2.12 

1.99 

2.10 

2.06

2.04 

2.09 

2.06 

2.04 

2iOO

2.05 

2.00 

1.75 

1.99 

1.97

1.96 

1.75 

1.75 

1.83 

1.70

Chain.

2.6 

2.5 

2.55 

2.8 

2.55

2.48 

2.44 

2.39 

2.24 

2.20

2.10 

2.08 

2.04 

2.16 

2.14

2.16 

2.11 

2.08 

2.09 

2.02

2.04 

2.04 

1.94 

2.02 

2.01

2.00 

1.66 

1.74 

1.71 

1.71
52 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, from automatic and chain gages, ofGenesee River at St. Helena, 

N. Y.Jor 1912 Continued.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8.. ............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

k20........ ......

21.............. 

22. ............. 

23.............. 

24..............

25..............

26.............. 

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

July.

Auto.

1.74 

1.79 

1.82 

1.51 

1.79

1.77 

1.52 

1.85 

1.76 

1.60

2.01

2.18 

2.16 

2.06 

2.05

1.91

1.86 

1.75

1.57 

2.01 

1.82 

1.82 

1.73

1.85 

2.03 

1.88 

2.03 

1.91 

1.78

Chata.

1.61 

1.76 

1.72 

1.20 

1.82

1.74 

1.46 

1.80 

1.79 

1.58

1.85 

2.21 

2.22 

2.09 

2.08

2.02 

1.84 

1.88 

1.82 

1.78

1.54 

2.09 

1.82 

1.85 

1.68

1.81 

2.09 

1.80 

2.04 

1.91 

1.81

August.

Auto.

1.68 

1.85

1.88 

1.88 

2.02

1.95 

1.86 

1.78 

1.76 

1.75

1.52 

1.70 

1.83 

1.99

1.87

1.79 

1.72 

1.56 

1.91 

1.83

1.84 

1.83 

1.84 

1.83 

1.75

2.02 

2.48 

2.85 

2.45 

2.29 

2.18

Chain.

1.65 

1.85 

1.82 

1.78 

2.09

2.08 

1.89 

1.79 

1.86 

1.72

1.52 

1.75 

1.86 

2.09 

1.84

1.71 

1.65 

1.54 

1.96 

1.82

1.85 

1.92 

1.85 

1.84 

1.78

2.00 

2.95 

2.9 

2.49 

2.35 

2.24

September.

Auto.

2.20 

3.40 

3.45 

3.05 

2.67

2.50 

2.54 

2.35 

2.25 

2.16

2.07 

2.00 

2.07 

1.87 

1.82

2.41 

3.06 

2.68 

2.58 

2.56

2.44 

2.29 

2.26 

2.30 

3.03

3.21 

2.99 

3.04 

2.75 

2.86

Chain.

2.16 

3.8 

3.5 

3.1 

2.75

2.5 

2.6 

2.42 

2.21 

2.24

2.10 

2.04 

2.12 

1.85 

2.14

2.21 

3.1

2.75 

2.65 

2.6

2.48 

2.34 

2.32 

2.36 

3.15

3.35 

2.95 

3.15 

2.8 

3.0

October.

Auto.

3.37 

4.00 

3.26 

2.94 

2.78

2.62 

2.52 

2.42 

2.38 

2.41

2.83 

2.94 

2.66 

2.56 

2.41

2.31

2.26 

2.21 

2.20 

2.16

3.59 

3.22 

2.91

2.74 

2.60 

2.50

Chain.

2.9 

4.0 

3.3 

3.0

2.8

2.65 

2.55 

2.44 

2.44 

2.5

2.8 

3.0 

2.7 

2.6 

2.5

2.35 

2.29 

2,29 

2.31 

2.22

2.24 

2.16 

3.05 

3.8 

3.4

3.65 

3.3 

3.0

2.85 

2.8 

2.55

November.

Auto.

2.45 

2.52 

2.61 

2.53 

2.46

2.39 

2.50 

4.56 

4.03 

4.19

3.71 

3.39 

3.18 

3.12 

3.08

2.96 

2.86 

2.83 

2.78 

2.76

2.74 

2.65 

2.57 

2.52 

2.59

2.64 

2.66 

2.65 

2.60 

2.58

Chain.

2.5 

2.55 

2.7 

2.55 

2.49

2.46 

2.46 

4.9 

4.4 

4.4

3.9 

3.45 

3.3 

3.3

3.25

3.05 

2.9 

2.9 

/.9 

2.9

2.8 

2.7 

2.6 

2.6 

2.7

2.7 

2.8 

2.7 

2.7 

2.7

December.

Auto.

2.53 

2.78 

5.42 

4.20 

3.71

4.84 

4.42 

3.69 

3.17 

3.05

3.10

2.84 

2.55 

2.63 

2.70

2.77 

2.73 

2.76 

2.94 

3.02

2.83 

2.70 

2.63 

2.63 

2.60

2.55 

2.54 

2.40 

2.24 

2.65 

3.51

Chain.

2.6 

2.75 

5.6 

4.3 

3.9

5.6 

4.5 

3.8 

3.2 

3.1

3.25 

2.9 

2.65 

2.65 

2.7

2.75 

2.75 

2.8 

3.05 

3.2

2.9 

2.7 

2.7 

2.65 

2.6

2.65 

2.55 

2.45 

2.18 

2.7 

3.75

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 4 to Mar. 16. Gage heights for both 

chain and automatic gages presented for the purpose of comparison. The gage heights given for the automatic gage are the means of hourly readings for 24-hour periods; those for the chain gage are the means of 

two readings which are usually taken at 8 a. m. and 5 p. m. The readings on the two gages do not agree 

exactly, owing to the fact that the mouth of the intake pipe to the automatic gage is a few feet downstream 

from the chain gage and that the slope between the gages varies with the stage.
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 53

Daily discharge, in second-feet, from automatic and chain gages of Genesee River at St.

Helena, N. Y., for 1912.

Day.

2. .............

3..............

4..............

5. .............

6..............

8.. ....... ..i.--

9..............

10. .............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

1s

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

9<i

24..............

25..............

26.. ............

97

28. .............

29..............

30..............

31..............

January.

Auto.

881 

789 

628 

536

398 

400 

610 

600 

470

470 

500 

480 

460 

460

670 

770 

500 

750 

1,450

1,360

1.100

960 

910 

700

620 

550 

480 

420 

400 

360

Chain.

.......

February.

Auto.

340

320 

300 

280 

280

280 

240 

240 

240 

240

240 

240 

240 

230 

230,

230 

231 

247 

259 

301

363 

585 

575 

600 

733

752 

934 

1,100

1,000

Chain.

March.

Auto.

785 

644 

570 

526 

498

473 

456 

473 

540 

772

772 

674 

638 

590 

611

3,000

7,430 

10,400 

10,200 

10,800

4,680 

2,560 

2,060 

1,840 

1,380

1,110 

1,140 

2,250 

14,000 

16; 000 

10,700

Chain.

7,420 

10,000 

8,980 

10,000

4,470 

2,440 

1,9.40 

2,100 

1,160

1,010 

1,160 

3,000 

17,500 

13,900 

8,660

April.

Auto.

17,100 

14,900 

8,160 

4,680 

7,360

12,400 

11,300 

9,040 

4,630 

4,430

3,080 

3,030 

5,100 

3.280 

3,680

3,660 

2,530 

2,080 

1,920 

1,620

1,360 

1,230 

1,750 

1,790 

1,550

1,180 

980 

860 

2,760 

8,020

Chain.

15,900 

15,900 

7,120 

4,470 

7,720

10,400 

10,400 

8,660 

4,470 

4,470

3,000 

3,000 

4,940 

3,200 

5,190

3,600 

2,440 

2,100 

1,940 

1,550

1,280 

1,160 

1,620 

1,780 

1,480

1,160 

1,010 

830 

2,810 

7,420

May.

Auto.

3,240 

2,150 

1,680 

1,360 

1,110

1,060 

1,130 

980 

840 

830

748 

620 

766 

880 

793

1,640 

5,650 

2,870 

1,860 

1,440

1,150 

1,110 

1,080

784 

635

548 

492 

437 

421 

437 

529

Chain.

3,600 

2,100 

1,620 

1,340 

1,060

1,010 

1,160 

1,010 

785 

830

740 

625 

740 

875 

740

1,340 

5,720 

3,000 

1,780 

875

1,110 

1,160 

1,060 

830 

660

530 

474 

449 

424 

424 

530

June.

Auto.

432 

379 

416 

522 

390

341 

319 

298 

269 

265

238 

234 

189 

227 

210

206 

224 

213 

206 

192

210 

192 

119 

189 

182

179 

119 

119 

140 

106

Chain.

424 

377 

400 

530 

400

368 

351 

329 

270 

255

219 

212 

199 

241 

233

241 

223 

212 

216 

193

199 

199 

168 

193 

189

186 

95 

114 

106 

106
SUBfACfi WAfEfe SUPPLY, ]M, PAM W.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, from automatic and chain gages of Oenesee 'River at St. 

Helena, N. Y., for 1912 Continued.

Day.

1..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6...... ........

7..............

8..............

9..............

10. .............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15...... ...... .-

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22...... ....... .

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..... .........

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

July.

Auto.

116 

129 

137 

64 

129

124 

66 

146 

121 

82

196 

257 

249 

213 

210

193 

139 

163 

148 

119

76 

196 

137 

137 

114

146 

202 

154 

202 

163 

127

Chain.

84 

118 

109 

20 

134

114 

56 

128 

126 

78

142 

259 

263 

216 

212

193 

139 

150 

134 

123

70 

216 

134 

142 

100

131 

216 

128 

199 

159 

131

August.

Auto.

101 

146 

154 

154 

199

175 

148 

127 

121 

119

66 

106 

140 

189 

151

129 

111 

74 

163 

140

143 

140 

143 

140 

119

199 

390 

612 

374 

302 

257

Chain.

93 

142 

134 

123 

216

212 

153 

125 

145 

109

66 

116 

145 

216 

139

106 

93 

70 

174 

134

142 

162 

142 

139 

123

186 

625 

590 

373 

313 

270

September.

Auto.

265 

1,130 

1,190 

775 

492

400 

421 

327 

285 

249

216 

192 

216 

151 

137

355

784 

498 

442 

432

369 

302 

289 

' 306

757

930 

722 

766 

542 

620

Chain.

241 

1,480 

1,110 

740 

502

377 

424 

342 

259 

270

219 

199 

226 

142 

233

259 

740 

502 

429 

424

368 

309 

301 

317 

785

965 

625 

785 

530 

660

October.

Auto.

1,100 

1,940 

980 

681 

562

464 

410 

360 

341 

355

598 

681 

486 

432 

355

310 

289 

269 

265 

249

270 

241 

700 

1,480 

1,110

1,370 

940 

658 

535 

453 

400

Chain.

590 

1,780 

920 

660 

530

449 

400 

350 

350 

377

530 

660 

474 

424 

377

313 

289 

289 

297 

263

' 270 

241 

700 

1,480 

1,010

1,280 

920 

660 

560 

530 

400

November.

Auto.

374 

410 

458 

416 

374

345 

400 

2,870 

1,980 

2,230

1,520 

1,120 

900 

840 

802

697 

620 

598 

562 

548

535 

481 

437 

410 

448

475 

486 

481 

453 

442

Chain.

377 

400 

474 

400 

373

359 

359 

3,400 

2,440 

2,440

1,620 

1,060 

920 

920

875

700 

590 

590 

590 

590

530 

474 

424 

424 

474

474 

530 

 474 

474 

474

December.

Auto.

416 

562 

4,780 

2,250 

1,520

3,420 

2,620 

1,500 

890 

775

820 

605 

426 

469 

510

555 

529 

548 

681 

748

598 

510 

469 

469 

453

426 

421 

350 

281 

481 

1,260

Chain.

424 

502 

1,940 

2,270 

1,620

4,940 

2,620 

1,480 

830 

740

875 

590 

449 

449 

474

502 

502 

530 

' 700 

830

590 

474 

474 

449 

424

449 

400 

355 

248 

474 

1,410

NOTE. Daily discharge Jan. 1-3 and Mar. 17 to Dec. 31 determined from a well-defined rating curve. 

The same rating curve was used for b'oth sets of gage heights by applying a well-defined table of relation. 

(See First Ann. Kept. New York Conservation Commission.) Discharge Jan. 4 to Mar. 16 determined by 

means of a rating curve based on measurements made with ice present and assuming a gradual change 

from open water to complete ice cover on Feb. 10. On days for which there are no automatic gage heights 

the chain-gage heights were used to determine discharge. Daily estimates from chain-gage readings for 

periods during which ice was present not published because of their lower accuracy, "
STBEAMS TEIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTAEIO. 55

Monthly discharge of Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 1,030 square miles.]

Month.

January

March..........

July............

September......

The year.

Discharge (second-feet).

Maximum.

Automatic gage.

Day.

20 

28 

30 

1 

17 

4 

12 

27 

2 

2 

8 

3

Mar. 30

Hour.

12.45p.m. 

9.45 p.m.. 

1.00 a. m.. 

4.00a.m.. 

3.00a.m.. 

5.30a.m.. 

3.30a.m.. 

5.30p.m.. 

4.30p.m.. 

12.30 a. m. 

8.30a.m.. 

5.45 a. m..

1.00a.m..

Crest 

height.

' 4.76 

5.03 

9.51 

9.26 

6.25 

2.83 

2.18 

3.61 

3.94 

4.53 

4.78 

5.95

9.51

Crest discharge.

3,260 

3,840 

22,700 

21,200 

7,200 

598 

257 

1,390 

1,850 

2,820 

3,300 

6,260

22,700

Chain gage.

Date.

"""29"

1-2 

17 

4 

13 

27 

2 

2 

8 

3

Mar. 29

24- 

hour discharge.

i7,5o6 

15,900 

5,720 

530 

263 

625 

1,480 

1,780 

3,400 

4,940

17,500

Minimum.

360 

230 

456 

860 

421 

106 

64 

66 

137 

241 

345 

281

64

Mean.

Automatic 

gage.

669 

409 

3,500 

4,850 

1,270 

244 

150 

178 

485 

622 

757 

979

1,180

Chain 

gage.

4,700 

1,250 

248 

143 

186 

492 

593 

808 

1,030

Per 

square 

mile.

0.650 

.397 

3.40 

4.71 

1.23 

.237 

.146 

.173 

.471 

.604 

.735 

.950

1.15

Runofl 

(depth 

in 

inches 

on drainage 

area).

0.75 

.43 

3.92 

5.26 

1.42 

.26 

.17 

.20 

.53 

.70 

.82 

1.10

15.56

Discharge for automatic gage rated as follows: Mar., B; April-June, A; July and Aug., B; Sept. to 

Dee., A.

GENESEE KIVER AT JOl/ES BRIDGE, NEAR MOUNT MORRIS, N. Y.

Location. At the highway bridge known as Jones Bridge, about 5 miles below 

the village of Mount Morris, 6 miles by river above the village of Geneseo, If 

miles below the inflow of Canaseraga Creek (coming in from the right) and about 

1| miles above the mouth of Beads Creek (coming in from the left).

Records available. May 22, 1903, to Apr. 30,1906; Aug. 12, 1908, to Dec. 31,1912. 

Published also in reports of State engineer and surveyor of New York, State Water 

Supply Commission of New York, and Conservation Commission of New York.'

Drainage area. 1,410 square miles.

Gage. Chain, fastened to upstream side of highway bridge; read twice daily; datum 

unchanged.

Channel. Sandy clay; liable to shift,- but measurements have shown it to be fairly 

permanent in recent years.

Discharge measurements. Made at all stages from footbridge erected on the 

outriggers of the bridge.

Winter flow. Relation between gage height and discharge for the winter months 

considerably affected by ice. Volume of flow during the winter months determined chiefly by comparison with the flow of the Genesee at Rochester and 

at St. Helena.

Accuracy. Discharge curve well developed and data as published for open-water 

periods believed to be very good.
56 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Discharge measurements of Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y'.,in

1912.

Date

Mar. 1

July 1

to«i>

Hydrographer.

G.H.Canfleld.. ..........................................................

Frank Weber. ............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.34

3.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

857

257

Partly open at bridge. Control frozen. 6 Wading under bridge.

Daily gage height, infect, of Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y.,

for 1912.

[J. W. Trewer, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9... ............

10...............

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16. ..............

17. ..............

18...............

19......... ......

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...:...........

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

6.4

6.3

5.9

5.8

8.1

Feb.

in 9

9 9

Mar.

8.8

8.6

7

O

7.0

6

Q

6.6

6.6

6.7

7.0

7.6

7.8

7 t\

7.4

7.4

0 0

10 Q

22.6

94 7

25.0

24.7

to o

11.0

9

0

8.8

7.6

6 9

7 °.

o A

20.7

25.8

24.2

Apr.

26.2

26.1

OO Q

17.8

16.2

OO K

21.8

16.0

13.3

10.9

9 9

13.2

10.7

10.5

U O

10.0

8

ft

8.3

7.6

7.0

6.8

6.5

7 R

7.4

6.7

6

O

6.0

7.1

17.4

May.

11.6

8.9

1 R

7.0

6

C

6.3

6.4

6.2

6.0

5.6

5.5

5.6

5.9

5 7

6

O

13.4

10.4

8.3

7.3

6.6

6

0

6.4

5

Q

K. 4

5.2

5.0

4.85

4

0

4 9

5.2

June.

4.95

4.75

4.85

5.0 4 7";

4.6

4 45

4.4

4.35

4.2

4.2

4.05

4.1

3 95

4.05

4.15

4.05

3.99

3

QQ

4.0

3

QO

3.87

4.1

4 05

3 no

3 77

3

7E

3.71

July.

3.61

3.56

3.57

3.47

3.61

4.05

3.61

3.61

3 48

4.55

4.1

435

4.25

4.1

4.05

3.88

3.89

3.71

S fifl

3 R1

3.85

3.88

3.91

3.64

3 71

3

Q1

3

QO

4.0

3.71

Aug.

3.61

3.66

3.78

3.92

3.90

4.05

3.82

3.69

3.68

3.54

3.66

3.49

3 CO

3 7R

3.69

3

Kft

3.75

3.79

3 Q1

4 1 *\

4.0

4 1

S

CO

3

QK.

4

0

5.7

5.4

4 45

4.2

Sept.

4.3

5.8

6.7

6.2

5.1

4 9

4.9

4.25

4.2

4.2

4.15

3

Q9

A 1R

5.7

5.1

4 95

4.85

4.7

4.4

4 OK

4.5-

6.1

5.4

5 7

5

0

5.0

Oct.

5.4

8.0

6.1

5.5

5.2

1 fl

.4.9

4.7

4.65

4.55

5.0

5.5

5.0

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.45

4 4

4.35

4.35

4

O

4 OK

7.1

6.0

6.7

6.0

5.5

5.2

5.0

4.85

Nov.

4.75

4.7

4.8

4.8

4.75

4.6

4.6

8.4

8.1

8.2

7.0

6.2

5.9

5.7

5 7

5.6

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.1

i 1

5.1

4 Q

4.8

4.85

5.0

5.0

5.1

5 0

Dec.

4.9

* 5.1

12.2

8.6

7.1

9.2

9.8

7.3

- 6.1

5.6

5.8

5.6

6.4

6.3

6.2

5.5

5.5

5.2

5.4

5.5

5

0

5.2

5.1

5.2

5.0

5.0

5

n

4.6

4.5

5

n

6.2

NOTE. Eelation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 5 to Mar. 16.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 57

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y..

for 1912.

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8..............

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

1,450

1.400

1,180

1,120

Feb. Mar.

13,600

15,300

15,300

10,100

4,450

3,610

2,920

2,150

1,730

1,970

2,660

12,100

16,200

14,900

Apr.

16,500

16,400

14,700

9,800

8,520

13,600

13,000

13,000

8,360

6,200

4,380

3,680

6,120

4,100

3,750

2,790

2,150

1,790

1,670

1,500

2,270

2,030

1,620

1,400

1,230

1,850

9,480

May.

2,980

2,270

1 7Qft

1,500

1 400

1,340

1,230

1 060

1,010

960

1,010

1,180

1,060

1 400

4,030

2 fiOfl

1,970

1,560

1 450

1,120

Qin

810

710

618

664

810

June.

687

595

641

710

595

528

463

442

364

383

346

311

328

277

311

346

311

291

287

294

234

250

311

267

219

213

201

July.

175

162

165

141

175

311

175

175

143

506

442

422

383

328

364

311

254

257

201

172

231

244

254

263

182

201

231

234

294

201

Aug.

175

188

222

267

260

^11

311

234

195

193

160

188

146

234

222

195

162

213

225

263

346

294

328

234

277

364

1 060

910

463

364

Sept.

402

1,120

1,620

1,340

910

760

664

664

484

383

364

364

383

346

234

346

1,060

760

641

572

442

422

484

810

1,280

910

1,060

810

710

Oct.

910

2,400

1,280

960

810

710

664

572

550

506

710

960

710

572

484

463

442

422

422

402

422

1,850

1,230

1,620

1,230

960

810

710

641

Nov.

595

572

618

595

528

528

2,660

2,530

1,790

1,340

1,180

1,060

1,060

1,010

910

860

810

760

 760

760

664

618

641

710

710

760

710

687

Dec.

664

760

5,220

2,790

1,850

3,190

3,610

1,970

1,280

1,010

1,120

1,010

1,450

1,400

1,340

960

960

810

910

960

810

810

760

810

710

710

710

528

484

710

1,340

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve.

Monthly discharge of Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y.^ for 191%. 

[Drainage area, 1,410 square miles.]

Month.

January. ...............................

March .................. .........

April ............................... ...

May. ....................._...........

June................................ ..

July....................................

August. ................................

October. . ...............................

December. .......................... .

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

i6,266

16,500 

6,280 

710 

506 

1,060 

1,620 

2,400 

2,660 

5,220

16,500

Minimum.

1,230 

618 

201 

141 

146 

234 

364 

528 

484

141

Mean.

780 

580 

4,500 

6,110 

1,680 

377 

256 

296 

701 

821 

983 

1,340

1,540

Per 

square 

mile.

0.553 

.411 

3.19 

4.33 

1.19 

.267 

.182 

.210 

.497 

.582 

.697 

.950

1.09

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.64 

.44 

3.68 

4.83 

1.37 

.30 

.21 

.24 

.55 

.67 

.78 

1.10

14.81

Accuracy.

>.>.>.>.>.>.>.>.>. woo

NOTE. Discharge Jan. 5 to Mar. 16 estimated by means of comparison with discharge at Rochester and 

St. Helena.

Mean discharge Jan. 5-31 estimated 705 second-feet. 

Mean discharge Mar. 1-16 estimated 430 second-feet.
58 BTJBPACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1912, PART I 

GENESEE RIVER AT ROCHESTER, N. Y.

Location. At the highway bridge known locally as Elmwood Avenue Bridge, at 

the north end of South Park, 3J miles above the center of the city of Rochester, 

3J miles below the mouth of Black Creek (coming in from the left), and 7| miles 

above the mouth of the river.

Records available. February 9, 1904, to December 31, 1912, published also in 

annual reports of the State engineer and surveyor, the State Water Supply Commission, and the Conservation Commission of the State of New York. Elevation 

of water surface, measurements, and records of flow of Genesee Eiver at Rochester 

during flood stages, and low water previous to 1904, published in annual reports 

of the State engineer and surveyor, 1902-3-4, and in Water-Supply Papers 24, 

65, and 97.

Drainage area. 2,360 square miles.

Gage.; Prior to 1910 a staff gage bolted to the downstream end of the first pier from 

the right-hand abutment was read once daily. From December, 1910, to December, 1912, gage heights recorded by a Gurley automatic water stage register in 

the pump house immediately below the bridge on the right-hand bank. Elevation of zero of gage, 506.848 Barge Canal datum and 245.591 Rochester City 

datum. Gage datum unchanged since installation of the station.

Channel. Gravel; smooth; considered permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from bridge at which the staff gage is located. 

Prior to 1904 measurements and elevations of water surface taken in conjunction 

with the water flowing over and around Johnson-Seymour dam in the city of 

Rochester.

Winter flow. Affected by ice for short periods, although, as a rule, the channel is 

open.

Accuracy. Discharge rating curve well developed for all stages; published data 

considered good for periods of open water.

Cooperation. Gage attended by Mr. G. A. Bailey, of the Rochester Light & Railway Co.

Discharge measurements of Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y., in 1912.

Date.

Feb. 13«

Mar. 156

Hydrographer.

C. S. De Golyer...................... ....................................

G. H.Canfield............. ...............................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.76

3.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

342

1,830

o Measurement made under complete ice cover, about 1,500 feet above bridge. 

& Measurement made under complete ice cover, about 1,000 feet below gage.
TO LAKS 6Nf AE16.

Daily gage height, in feet, o/Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y.,for 

[G. A. Bailey, observer.]

Day.

1.... ...........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

g

10...............

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28............... 

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.14

2.09

2.03

2.06

1.94

2.14

2.29

2.25

2.04

1.91

1.90

1 7Q

1.76

1.75

1.73

1.72

1 aft

2.13

9 T)

2.84

2,72 9 fin

2.45

2.17 

2.14

2.10

2.07

Feb.

2.04

1.99

1.93

1.89

1.88

1.85

1.80

1.77

1.78

1 80

1.80

1.76

1.77

1.74

1.74

1.76

1.76

1.75

1.74

2.23

3.44

3.18

2.70

2.81

2.85

3.07

3.39

3.85 

4.05

.......

Mar.

3.85

3.37

2.95

2.65

2.45

2.32

2.24

2.24

2.43

2.57

2.74

2.69

3.32

5.4

7 1

6.6

7.1

Q «

9.0

7.7

5.2

4.05

3.5

3.05

2 Q

3.8 

5.9

7.8

8.9

Apr.

9.4

9.9

10.1

9 7

8.4

7.6

8.0

8.2

8.1

6.8

5.5

4.6

4.5

4.8

4.3

4.45

4.3

3.7

3.4

3.2

2.95

2

7*

2.9

3.2

2.9

2.6

2.37 

2.24

3.85

May.

5.5

4.0

3.2

2.8

2.49

2.32

2.28

2.30

2.21

2.00

1.88

1.90

1.96

1.99

3.5

4.8

3.85

s i

2.85

9 ft*i

2.8

2.7

9 VI

2.07

1 93

1.78 

1.73

1.66

1.67

June.

1.76

1.78

1.54

1.28

1.52

1.85

1.75

1.68

1.65

1 fLfi

1.56

1 U

1.52

1.48

1.41

1.40

l 3d

1 34

1.36

1 34

1.26

1 93

1.25

1 1Q

1 19

1.18

1 1ft

1.16 

1.09

1.04

July.

1.04

1.07

1.05

1.05

1.07

1.07

1.06

1.04

98

98

1.16

1.24

1.22

1.18

1.20

1.44

1.12

1.04

1.01

1.03

1.01

1.03

1.03

1.00

97

.98 

1.03

1.08

1.05

Aug.

1.04

1.03

1.02

1.03

1.01

1.05

1.02

1.02

1.00

GO

.99

.92

Q1

.90

91

96

.92

93

98

Q7

1.02

1.02

1.00

96

1.02 

1.44

1.34

1.19

Sept.

1.09

1.00

1.63

2.09

1.86

1.57

1.40

1.32

1.25

1 19

1.13

1.08

1.03

1.02

1.02

1.00

.96

.95

1.17

1 KA

1.44

1 30

1.21

1.20

1.19

1.21

1.67 

1.69

1.47

Oct.

1.44

2.02

2.15

1.74

1.53

1.41

1.33

1.30

1.24

1.19

1.19

1.26

1.48

1.37

1.30

1.23

1.15

1.10

1.05

Qft

.89

Q9

.95

.95

1 Sfi

1.85

1.89

1.89 

1.56

1.34

1.14

Nov.

0.58

1.11

1.00

1.00

.77

.62

1.03

1.56

2.76

2.56

2.51

9 17

1.95

1.81

1.75

1.71

1 60

1.54

1.51

1.46

1.44

1.38

1.38

1 ^7

1.36

1.42 

1.40

1.38

Dec.

1.41

1.41

1.74

3.72

2.99

2.46

3.44

3.20

2.45

1.92

1.84

2.05

2.56

2.33

1 Oft

1.70

i fid

1.59

1.59

1 64

1.70

1.61

1.45

1 AQ

1.43

1.41

1.42 

1.45

1.32

1.41

NOTE. Mean gage height obtained by averaging hourly readings for each 24-hour period, 

gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 4. to Mar. 17.

Relation of
60 STTEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET IV.

Daily ^ischarge, in second-feet, ofGenesee River at Rochester, N. Y.,for 1912.

Day. 

1... ............

2... ............

3...............

4...............

6...............

7.. .............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1,850

1,760

1,650

1,660

1 4.4A

1,400

1 400

1,600

1 ftift

1,660

1,340

1,100

1 '880 080

840

780

760

700

880

1,170

2,000

2,140

1,960

1,700

1,500

1,000

920

860

780

Feb.

740

R4O.

580

520

efifi

460

360

360

OCA

360

334

ojn

321

334

334

328

321

720

2,370

1,950

1 OflA

1,410

1,460

1,780

3,110

3,510

Mar.

3,110

2 OCA

1,610

1,200

QKQ

812 7*>A

730

834

Q*M

1,100

1,340

1,310

1,250

2,170

6,700

16,100

14,800

20,000

16,800

9

AAA

5,930

4,600

3,610

3,300

5,320

11,100

17,100

21,000

Apr.

22,800

24,700

25,400

24,000

19 200

16,400

17 800

18,500

18,200 10 onn

9,900

7,380

7,100

6,580

6,970

6,580

5,080

4,380

3,940

3,400

3,000

3,300

3,940

3,830

3,300

2,270

2,030

5

44A

May.

9,900

5,800

3,940

3,100

2,480

2,180

2 inn

2,140

1,980

1,766

1,600

1,480

1,420

1,450

1,540

1,580

4,600

7,940

5,440

3,720

3,200

3,200

3,100

2,900

2,190

1,730

1,270

1,090

1,100

June.

1,240

1,270

916

588

888

1.380

1,220

1,120

1,080

079

944

916

888

834

743

730

658

658

682

658

566

533

555

490

490

481

481

462

396

354

July.

354

380

362

362

380

380

371

354

306

306

462

544

522

481

500

782

566

424

354

328

346

337

328

346

346

320

299

306

346

388

362

Aug.

354

346

337

346

328

362

337

337

320

313

313

297

281

264

257

250

257

292

264

271

306

299

337

337

320

278

292

337

782

658

490

Sept.

396

320

1,040

1,760

1,390

958

730

634

555

490

433

 388

345

337

337

320

292

285

471

916

782

658

610

511

500

490

511

1,100

1,140

821

Oct.

782

1,640

1,870

1,210

902

743

646

610

544

490

490

566

834

694

610

533

452

405

362

306

244

264

285

285

1,300

1,380

1,440

1,440

944

658

443

Nov.

102

414

320

320

178

118

345

944

3,020

2,620

2,520

1,910

1,520

1,320

1,220

1,160

1,000

916

874

808

782

782

706

706

694

682

682

756

730

706

Dec.

743

743

1,210

5,130

3,480

2,430

4,470

3,940

2,410

1,480

1,360

1,690

2,620

2,190

1,540

1,150

1,060

986

986

1,060

1,150

1,020

1,140

795

834

769

743

756

795

634

743

NOTE. Daily discharge Jan. 1-3 and Mar. 17 to Dec. 31 determined from a fairly well defined rating curve. 

Discharge Feb. 10 to Mar. 15 determined from a rating curve based on measurements with ice present; discharge Jan. 4 to Feb. 9 estimated by assuming that the conditions of flow were changing gradually from 

open water to complete ice cover; discharge Mar. 16 estimated; discharge Aug. 12 and 13 interpolated.

Monthly discharge ofGenesee River (ft Rochester, N. Y.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area 2,360 square miles.]

Month.

February ..................

April......................

May.......................

July.......................

Maximum.

Day.

23 

29 

20 

3 

1 

2 

16 

29 

3 

2 

9 

4

Apr, 3

Hour.

9.00p.m.. 

11.45a.m.. 

10.45 p. m. 

12.45 p. m. 

5.00a.m.. 

6.00a.m.. 

3. 15 a. m.. 

1.30p.m.. 

11.30 p. m. 

9.45p.m.. 

8.30p.m.. 

10.30a.m.

12.45 p. m.

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.93 

4.09 

9.26 

10.10 

5.87 

1.92 

1.53 

1.50 

2.16 

2.43 

2.88 

3.91

10.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

a2,300 

o3,550 

22,300 

25,500 

11,000 

1,480 

902 

860 

1.890 

2, 370 

3,260 

5,580

25,500

Minimum.

Sec.-ft. 

o700 

o320 

0730 

2,000 

1,060 

320 

271 

238 

257 

232 

102 

610

102

Mean.

Sec.-ft. 

1,330 

958 

6,790 

10,000 

2,860 

773 

395 

341 

651 

754 

962 

1,610

2,280

Per 

square 

mile.

Sec.-ft. 

0.564 

.406 

2.88 

4.24 

1.21 

.328 

.167 

.144 

.276 

.319 

.408 

.682

.966

Runoff 

depth 

in 

inches.

0.65 

.44 

3.32 

4.73 

1.40 

.37 

.19 

.17 

.31 

.37 

.46 

.79

13.20

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

a Discharge from ice rating.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 61

CANASERAGA CREEK NEAR BANSVILLE, N. Y.

Location. At the highway bridge 1 mile due west from the village of Dansville, 

about 2,200 feet below the mouth of Mill Brook (coming in from the right) and 

about 22 miles above the mouth of the creek.

Records available. July 21, 1910, to December 31, 1912. Data published also in 

annual reports of State Water Supply Commission, State Conservation Commission, and State engineer and surveyor, State of New York.

Drainage area. 167 square miles.

Gage. Staff, bolted to the downstream side of the left-hand abutment; read twice 

daily; datum unchanged.

Channel. Sand and gravel; shifts during high water.

Discharge measurements. At high stages made from the bridge; at low stages, by 

wading below the bridge.

Winter flow. The relation of gage height to discharge is affected by ice.

Accuracy. Discharge rating curves somewhat uncertain because of shifting channels. 

Estimates as published only fair.

Discharge measurements of Canaseraga Creek near Dansville, N. Y., i

Date.

Mar. 12a

17

18

23 

24

Apr. 4

Apr. 6

Hydrographer.

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............ 

.....do............

.....do............

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.21

3.58

2.67 

2.53

3.05

3.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

97.3

1,500

984

263 

200

409

1,120

Date.

July 196

23 c

Oct. 26c 26 c

28 c

Hydrographer.

J. G. Matters.....

.....do............

C. S. DeGolyer... 

.....do............

.....do............

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.09

2.10

2.37 

2.37

2.27

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

00 A

9O 9

31.0

75.3 

73.5

en Q

o Made one-fourth mile below station; ice at control. 

6 Made by wading above bridge. 

c Made by wading below gage.
62 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Canaseraga Creek near Dansville, N. Y.,for 191%. 

i [Floyd Harter, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14. ..............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18.,-r...... .......

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23. ..............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.69

2.54

2

Q/I

.......

Feb.

.......

Mar.

2.15

1.92

3.65

3.8

3.9

4.1

3.85

3.7

3.2

2.92

2.65

2.55

2.65

,2.65

3.05

3.52

5.2

3.95

3.7

Apr.

4.2

4.5

3.3

3.1

4.0

4.15

4.1

3.3

3.2

3.05

2.98

2.98

2.88

3.0

3.3

3.1

2.92

3.1

2.82

2.2

1.95

2.22

2.30

2.01

1.90

1.82

1.78

1 79

2.30

3.4

May.

3.2

3.05

2.98

2.88

2.72

2.62

2.72

2.78

2.55

2.45

2.50

2.58

2.70

2.52

2.48

3.4

2.35

3.3

3.2

3.1

2.95

2.82

2.82

2.78

2.70

2.72

2.75

2.70

2.72

2.65

2.65

June.

2.72

2.72

2.82

2.72

2.72

2.75

2.60

2.48

2.42

2.35

2.32

2.32

2.32

2.28

2.22

2.28

2.28

2.22

2.20

2.22

2.22

2.28

2.22

2.22

2.18

2.20

2.22

2.20

2.25

2.22

July.

2.22

2.22

2.25

2.20

2.22

2.32

2.30

2.22

4.2

3.55

3.2

3.2

2.90

3.3

2.72

2.52

2.38

2.32

2.20

2.20

2.30

2.22

2.18

2.15

2.12

2.38

2.18

2.12

2.10

2.13

2.10

Aug.

2.12

2.18

2.28

2.32

2.22

2.32

2.22

2.13

2.12

2.12

2.10

2.14

2.08

2.02

2.02

2.00

2.08

2.28

2.22

2.30

2.22

2.22

2.58

2.45

2.22

2.28

2.28

2.22

2.20

2.18

2.12

Sept.

2.38

3.18

2.92

2.48

2.22

2.16

2.12

2.10

2.13

2.12

2.12

2.15

2.12

2.18

2.22

2.30

2.18

2.40

2.22

2.22

2.18

2.18

2.15

2.55

2.58

2.30

2.18

2.15

2.28

2.78

Oct.

2.40

2.22

2.20

2.15

2.18

2.15

2.18

2.18

2.18

2.22

2.15

2.18

2.15

2.12

2.08

2.05

2.10

2.08

2.08

2.10

2.05

2.08

2.42

2.48

2.38

2.38

2.38

2.30

2.28

2.28

2.25

Nov.

2.22

2.18

2.22

2.18

2.20

2.18

2.62

2.82

2.62

2.48

2.32

2.32

2.28

2.32

2.28

2.25

2.32

2.30

2.25

2.25

2.22

2.25

2.22

2.32

2.35

2.32

2.30

2.28

2.25

2.28

Dec.

2.32

2.30

2.40

2.70

2.62

2.72

2.55

2.32

2.28

2.30

2.32

2.32

2.30

2.38

2.35

2.42

2.42

2.55

2.50

2.48

2.42

2.42

2.42

2.42

2.40

2.45

2.58

2.48

2.65

2.98

2.92

NOTE. Definite information regarding effect of ice is lacking, but backwater from ice may have affected 

the relation between gage height and discharge during March.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Canaseraga Creek near Dansville, N. Y., for 1910-1912.

Day.

1910.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7. .........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

July. Aug.

25

25

28

28<»;

25

28

25

25

49

Q<t

25

25

25

22

Sept.

33

25

42

30

OK

38

28

25

28

25

99

22

22

25

22

Oct.

25

20

20

18

Ifi

25

55

28

25

25

99

25

22

20

22

-Nov.

28

30

OK

on

on

30

28

28

45

69

OS

49

30

33

20

Dec.

49

61

81

69

65

4Q

45

33

42

38

Day.

16..........

17..........

18..........

10

20..........

21..........

22..........

00

24..........

OK

26..........

27

28..........

29..........

Oft

^.1

July.

25

22

OK

28

OK

25

25

Oft

25

38

25

Aug.

22

25

28

38

28

25

25

20

33

OK

OK

22

Sept.

22

OK

25

28

OK

22

>oo

38

28

25

OR

oo

25

Oct.

20

22

18

18

22

25

99

25

19

33

00

Oft

33

on

33

Nov.

38

33

33

49

42

33

30

38

30

81

69

55

75

65

AQ

Dec.
STREAMS TKIBUTABY TO LAKE ONTAEIO. 63

Daily discharge, ifi second-feet, of Canaseraga Creek, near Danville, N. IT., for 

1910-191% Continued.

Day.

1911. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29. ..............

30...............

31...............

1912. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

261

145

Feb.

142

700

880

700

450

320

148

81

175

384

700

660

Mar.

550

550

390

301

350

310

208

218

301

515

700

930

1,190

1,520

1,520

745

515

620

620

450

301

301

288

184

350

390

1,460

1,080

320

218

148

98

49

930

1,080

1,190

1,410

1,140

980

550

372

208

245

94A

450

ans

2,820

1 240

' osn

Apr.

105

75

85

90

468

450

1,140

700

372

320

274

197

175

225

184

140

175

Iflfl

135

184

160

175

233

184

140

115

90

69

45

42

1,520

1,880

480

1 9Qfl

1 4fiO

1,400

560

480

380

338

338

280

350

560

302

250

4fi

14

50

66

19

10

6

4

66

650

May.

140

208

166

140

130

110

90

98

90

69

69

61

49

49

45

33

69

75

49

49

55

49

55

75

105

81

61

55

33

30

45

480

380

338

280

Oflft

158

200

230

132

102

115

143

190

loo

110

650

605

<wn

480

410

OOrt

250

. 250

230 ion

oftfl

215

inn

200

170

170

June.

105

105

75

61

85

81

61

69

49

45

75

110

130

105

75

55

42

38

33

30

33

42

33

30

33

30

42

69

49

30

200

200

250

200

200

215

110

Q4

78

71

71

71

62

50

62

62

50

46

50

50

62

50

50

43

46

50

AR

56

50

July.

30

28

25

20

12

18

20

18

22

20

22

20

22

20

15

20

75

55

33

61

30

28

25

22

20

18

15

12

12

12

10

50

50

56

46

50

71

66

50

1,520

800

480

480

290

560

200

122

84

71

46

Afi

66

50

43

38

34

84

43

34

31

36

31

Aug.

10

10

12

33

28

20

18

22

18

10

18

10

12

10

30

85

42

61

42

22

20

22

22

30

69

42

22

175

190

115

110

34

43

62

71

50

71

50

36

34

34

31

37

28

21

21

18

28

62

50

66

50

50

143

102

50

62

62

50

46

43

34

Sept.

115

55

53

32

61

61

36

120

77

44

32

42

53

36

32

33

33

30

42

39

29

28

32

38

36

47

33

36

49

57

84

466

302

110

50

40

34

31

36

34

34

38

34

43

50

66

43

89

50

50

43

43

38

132

143

66

43

38

62

230

Oct.

77

110

63

77

71

49

355

283

283

194

120

125

90

73

73

57

49

73

53

42

44

57

67

49

53

42

61

57

49

55

93

89

50

46

38

43

38

43

43

43

50

38

43

38

34

28

24

31

28

28

31

24

28

94

110

84

84

84

66

62

62

56

Nov.

83

77

71

49

63

67

105

69

132

100

81

108

110

105

125

105

132

366

222

190

138

120

105

122

112

108

105

95

158

125

50

43

50

43

46

43

158

250

158

110

71

71

62

71

62

56

71

66

56

56

50

56

50

71

78

71

66

62

56

62

Dec.

120

108

115

120

90

100

108

120

105

140

120

150

550

390

261

390

366

261

241

132

88

110

222

233

187

158

315

218

163

172

288

71

66

89

190

158

200

132

71

62

66

71

71

66

84

78

94

94

132

115

110

94

94

94

94

89

102

143

110

170

338

3Q2

NOTE. Daily discharge for 1910 and 1911, and from Jan. 1 to 3 and Mar. 13 to Apr. 3,1912, determined 

from a poorly defined rating curve; discharge June 18,1911, interpolated.
64 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of Canaseraga Creek near Dansmlle, N. Y.,for 1910-1912. 

[Drainage area, 167 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum. Mean.

Per 

square 

mile.

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

Accuracy.

1910. 

July 21-31............................... 38

August.................................. 49

September.............................. 42

October................................. 65

November...........................

1911. 

February 17-28.......................

March................................... 1,520

April.................................... 1,140

May..................................... 208

June.................................... 130

July..................................... 75

August.................................. 190

September.............................. 120

October................................. 355

November.............................. 366

December............................... 550

1912.

March.................................. 2,820

April................................... 1,880 May.................................... 650

June.................................... 250

July..................................... 1,520

August.................................. 143

September.............................. 466

October................................. 110

November.............................. 250

December............................... 338

81

148

42

30

30

10

10

28

42

49

3

102

43

31

18

31

24

43

62

26.6

26.4

26.3

25.7

43.4

445

566

230

78.5

60.7

24.5

42.9

47.0

95.0

118

198

529

475

267

93.2

182.

49.6

84.1

50.3

73.8

118

0.159

.158

.157

.154

.260

2.66

3.39

1.38

.470

.363

.147

.257

.281

.569

.707

1.19

3.17

2.84

1.60

.558

1.09

.297

.504

.301

.442

.707

0.07

.18 

.18 

.18 

.29

1.19

3.91

1.54

.54

.40

.17

.30

.31

.66

.79

1.37

3.66

3.17

1.84

.62

1.26

.34

.56

.35

.49

.82

NOTE. Mean discharge Mar. 1 to 12,1912, estimated 110 second-feet by means of comparison with adjacent stations.

KESHEQUA CREEK AT SONYEA, N. Y.

Location. On the second highway bridge in the village of Sonyea, 2£ miles above 

its confluence with Canaseraga Creek and about 4 miles downstream from 

Tuscarora.

Records available. July 22, 1910, to December 31, 1912. Data also in annual 

reports of State Water Supply Commission, New York State Conservation Commission, and State engineer and surveyor, State of New York.

Drainage area. 67 square miles.

Gage. Staff, fastened to a pile on the right bank directly back of and across from the 

Craig Colony power house; used for low-water readings. Chain gage installed 

October 25,1910, on upstream side of second bridge; used since that date. Gage 

read twice daily. The zeros of these gages'are not set at the same datum.

Channel. Sand and gravel; shifts at high stages.

Discharge measurements. At high stages made from either bridge; at low stages, 

by wading.

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice.

Accuracy. Discharge rating curves somewhat uncertain because of shifting channels. 

Estimates as published only fair.
STEEAMS TEIBUTAEY TO LAKE ONTAEIO. 

Dischage measurements of Keshequa Creek at Sonyea, N. Y., in 1912.

65

Date.

166

176

19

19

23

Hydrographer.

G. F. Canfield......

.....do..............

.....do..............

.....do..............

.....do..............

. ....do..... .........

Gage 

height.

Feel. 

5.38

5.87

4.45

5.06

3.56

5.28

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

81.2

630

286

255

556

50.0

791

Date.

July 17c

19c

Sept. 21<*

Oct. 26

28

Hydrographer.

.....do...............

J. G. Mathers.. ......

.....do...............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.63

3.17

3.03

3.11

3 in

^ 7 A.

3.42

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

385

7.3

3.7

5.8

5.5

41 9

16.8

a. Made under complete ice cover. 

6 Obstructed by ice.

c Made by wading below gage.

& Made by wading 1 mile above gage.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Keshequa Creek at Sonyea, N. Y.,for 1912. 

[E. E. Reynolds, observer.]

Day.

2...............

3...............

5...............

6...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23. ..............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.80

3.65

3.60

3.55

3.42

4.7

4.65

4.55

4.55

Feb.

5.0

4.8

4.75

4.7

5.0

5.2

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.4

Mar.

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.2

6.0

6.1

5.7

5.0

4.9

4.7

3.80

3.75

3.70

3.60

3.58

3.48

4.65

4.95

6.0

4.65

4.65

Apr.

4.8

5.2

4.22

3.68

5.1

4.7

5.5

4.9

4.18

4.15

4.00

4.08

4.15

4.02

4.18

4.05

3.90

3.90

3.88

3.85

3.70

3.78

4.00

3.85

3.80

3.70

3.65

3.60

4.20

4.35

May.

3.98

3.85

3.75

3.68

3.62

3.65

3.65

3.58

3.58

3.58

3.48

3.42

3.58

3.60

3.60

4.18

4.25

3.90

3.72

3.70

3.60

3.70

3.60

3.60

3.45

3.35

3.28

3.30

3.38

3.45

3.45

June.

3.38

3.35

3.32

3.30

3.30

3.30

3.28

3.25

3.18

3.15

3.15

3.20

3.20

3.18

3.15

3.05

3.08

3.12

3.10

3.12

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.08

3.00

3.18

3.08

3.02

3.00

3.00

July.

3.00

2.95

2.98

2.95

3.08

3.18

3.08

2.98

2.90

3.40

3.55

3.68

3.32

3.52

3.32

3.20

3.18

3.10

3.02

3.05

3.02

3.02

3.08

3.00

3.05

3.25

3.15

3.00

3.00

3.00

3.02

Aug.

3.02

3.08

3.22

3.12

3.15

3.10

3.08

3.08

2.98

3.08

3.00

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.05

2.98

2.98

3.08

3.10

3.05

3.12

3.20

3.08

3.05

3.05

3.20

3.15

3.15

3.08

3.05

3.02

Sept.

3.30

3.52

3.65

3.42

3.20

3.15

3.08

3.05

3.02

3.00

3.00

3.00

2.98

2.95

3.22

3.52

3.48

3.38

3.22

3.10

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.20

3.20

3.18

3.15

3.10

3.12

3.18

Oct.

3.22

3.20

3.15

3.12

3.10

3.05

3.05

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.18

3.15

3.20

3.18

3.15

3.10

3.20

3.20

3.18

3.20

3.52

3.48

3.62

3.72

3.45

3.35

3.30

3.28

3.20

3.20

Nov.

3.25

3.20

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.35

3.70

3.85

3.72

3.62

3.38

3.35

3.35

3.35

3.32

3.30

3.30

3.30

3.30

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.30

3.30

3.42

3.42

3.42

3.45

Dec.

3.45

3.50

3.80

3.72

4.20

4.82

3.92

3.68

3.55

3.55

3.50

3.40

3.30

3.20

3.20

3.22

3.25

3.25

3.30

3.40

3.35

3.25

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.48

3.42

3.25

3.40

3.40

3.35

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 6 to Mar. 17. 

1572° WSP 324 14 5
66 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Keshequa Creek at Sonyea, N. Y.,for 1911-1%:

Day.

1911. 

1...................

2...................

s.. ................ -

4. ..................

5...................

6...................

7.. ........ .........

10...................

11...................

12...................

13.. ........... ------

14...........-..-.--.

15...................

16.. ............. ....

17...................

1S

19.... .............. -

20.- ........ ...... ---

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

9Q

 3f\

31...........-.-.-.-.

1912. 

1...................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

9................... 10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17....... ............

is

19...................

20...................

21... ................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Mar.

68

53

53

53

53

41

36

41

60

355

515

670

405

330

210

128

68

60

65

68

68

137

108

01

68

72

485

203

93

100

78

90

80

80

80

sn

80

SO

QA

70

70

60

60

50

50

500

750

600

530

470

365

55

48

4/1

29

27

20

340

500

1,250

405

405

Apr.

72

60

78

68

430

285

245

137

128

119

100

68

56

53

51

47

5153"

53

53

53

53

53

51

47

47

47

41

30

26

485

735

217

65

670

430

> 950

eoo

195

185

137

155

177

140

155

102

IAO

97

07

58

73

122

82

73

55

48

29

160

212

May.

51

65

65

51

39

30

39

36

30

26

26

26

20

is

18

IS

20

is

18

14

12

10

13

41

26

21

to

7

6

7

95

65

48

qo

9.1

14

1<i

97

27

tyt

20

17

97

OQ

on

154

17S

ryK

43

4fl

29

40

29

90

is

14

10

11

15

18

is

June.

13

14

14

10

9

9

9

9

8

8

23

14

12

9

8

8

6

5

6

6

6

6

5

4

4

4

15

14

19

11

n

11

10

10

7

6

7

6

5

5

6

5

5

5

5

7

5

3

« 3

July.

4

3

4

5

3

4

6

7

5

4

4

4

4

2

3

3

20

14

5

4

5

6

6

5

4

6

6

6

3

5

7

5

2 1C

ojr

00

 to

go

12

7

5

4

3

5

4

10

6

3

3

3

3

Aug.

3

3

4

10

6

4

6

5

4

4

4

4

3

3

4

4

5

4

4

4

3

3

2

2

7

S

6

26

is

21

8

3

5

9

6

6

5 5

5

3

5

3

5

5

5

4

3

3

5

5

4

6

5

4

4

8

6

6

5

4

3

Sept.

8

5

4

5

6

18

10

355

330

111

28

36

28

14

14

8

6

6

7

5

5

5

6

5

6

7

14

11

23

34

17

6

5

4

3

3

00

20

15

Q

5

4

4

4

6

5

6

7

Oct.

12

36

14

13

12

12

203

41

32

21

30

32

30

23

14

14

12

14

14

14

14

Is

15

14

14

13

12

12

19

12

15

9

8

6

6

5

4

4

5

5

5

7

6

8

7

6

5

8

23

20

31

43

IS

14

11

10

8

8

Nov.

14

13

12

12

12

14

32

41

43

36

26

26

28

26

26

30

32

192

265

41

41

41

41

330

159

41

36

43

68

36

10

8

10

10

10

10

14

in

65

43

31

15

14

14

14

12

11

11

11

11

10

10

10

1011

11

17

17

17

18

Dec.

30

32

23

18

14

26

26

36

43

47

47

108

458

128

175

128

149

78

47

26

26

28

169

51

36

36

113

53

36

36

36

18

21

55

43

160

426

80

38

25

25

21

16

11

8

8

9

10

10

11

16

14

10

11

16

20

17

10

16

16

14

NOTE. Daily discharge for the open-water period in 1911 and 1912, except Apr. 8-30, 1912, determined 

from two fairly well defined rating curves, one applicable Jan. 1 to Dec. 31,1911, and Mar. 30 to Apr. 7,1912, 

and the other Jan. 1 to Mar. 29 and May 1 to Dec. 31,1912. Discharge Apr. 8-30,1912, obtained by the indirect method for shifting channels. Discharge Mar. 1-17,1912, estimated by means of measurements mad* 

during the period and from climatologic records,
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 67

Monthly discharge of Keshequa Creek at Sonyea, N. Y.,for 1911-12. 

[Drainage area, 67 square miles.]

Month.

1911.

April.... ................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

1912.

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

670 

430 

65 

23 

20 

26 

355 

203 

330 

458

950 

178 

15 

38 

9 

34 

43 

65 

426

Minimum.

36 

26 

6 

3 

2 

2 

4 

12 

12 

14

29 

10 

3 

2 

3 

3 

4 

8 

8

Mean.

156 

88.5 

25.6 

8.6 

5.2 

6.2 

35.8 

24.0 

58.6 

72.9

237 

224 

40.9 

7.1 

7.5 

4.9 

8.9 

10.4 

16.5 

37.5

Per

square 

mile.

2.33 

1.32 

.382 

.128 

.078 

.092 

.534 

.358 

.875 

1.09

3.06 

3.34 

.610 

.106 

.112 

.073 

.133 

.155 

.246 

.560

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.69 

1.47 

.44 

.14 

.09 

.11 

.60 

.41 

.98 

1.26

3.53 

3.73 

.70 

.12 

.13 

.08 

.15 

.18 

.27 

.65

Accuracy.

D. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

D. 

D. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B.

CANADICE LAKE OUTLET NEAR HEMLOCK, N. Y.

Location. In outlet at foot of lake. Canadice Lake is tributary to Genesee River 

through Hemlock Lake outlet and Honeoye Creek.

Records available. April, 1903, to December 31, 1912. Data also found in annual 

reports of the New York State engineer and surveyor and the reports of the city 

engineer of Rochester, N. Y.

Drainage area. 12.6 square miles, of which 0.7 square mile is lake surface.

Gage. Hook, in channel above gate.

Discharge measurements. Outlet is measured over a standard, thin-edged weir 

with a 5-foot crest and two end contractions, so arranged with needle timbers at 

the ends that the length may be increased to 14.96 with no end contractions during 

high water. The weir crest stands 3 feet above the stream channel and is never 

submerged by backwater. Two additional rectangular gates, each 1 foot square, 

with three complete contractions and a fourth partial contraction at the bottom, 

afford by-passes during high water. The depth of water on the weir is read each 

morning to hundredths of a foot by means of the hook gage. Each change of 

the gates is also noted. Corrections are made for velocity of approach for the 

higher stages. All computations are made by the Francis formula.

Diversions. No water is diverted from Canadice Lake above the station.

Artificial control. The outflow of the lake at the dam above the weir is controlled 

by the gates.

Winter flow. The pool above the weir is free from ice throughout the winter.

Accuracy. Records are considered excellent.

Cooperation. The observations and computations'are made by engineers of the city 

engineer's office of Rochester, N. Y., under the direction of E. A. Fisher, city 

engineer, and John F. Skinner, principal assistant city engineer.
68 . SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Monthly discharge of Canadice Lake outlet near Hemlock, N. Y.,for 1912.

[Drainage area, 12.6 square miles.]

Month.

April......................................................

July.......................................................

Discharge In second-feet.

Mean.

9.788 

8.443 

16.338 

48. 852 

15. 062 

9.492 

7.584 

5.297 

5.198 

5.630 

6.547 

7.217

12. 115

Per 

square 

mile.

0.777 

.670 

1.30 

3.88 

1.19 

.753 

.602 

.420 

.413 

.447 

.520 

.573

.962

Run-Off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.90

.72 

1.50 

4.33 

1.37

.84 

.69 

.48 

.46 

.52 

.58 

.66

13.05

Mean elevation of 

lake above 

low water 

mark.

Feet. 

1.277 

.864 

1.599 

2.873 

2.633 

2.017 

1.468 

.952 

.884 

.741 

.661 

1.138

1.430

NOTE. Leakage through and under weir measured in May, 1912, and found to be 0.6 second-foot. This 

amount has been added to the weir records for the whole year.

OWASCO OUTLET NEAR, AUBURN, N. Y.

Location. On the farm of George Ridley, 3| miles below the State dam at the outlet 

of Owasco Lake, 2 miles below the center of the city of Auburn.

Records available. November 17 to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 206 square miles.

Gage. Gurley automatic water stage register installed over a concrete well 3f feet 

square and 6 feet deep (inside dimensions) and sheltered by a concrete house 

5 by 6 feet (inside dimensions). The gage well is connected with the river by a 

4-inch cast-iron pipe.

Channel. The gage heights registered by this gage are controlled by a low concrete 

weir located a short distance below the gage. The crest of this weir is 1 foot 

wide and the slopes of both upstream and downstream faces are 0.5 :1. A small 

horizontal apron was built on a level with the bed of the stream, extending downstream 2| feet from the toe of the dam. The left-hand end of the dam, for a distance of 50 feet, has a mean elevation of gage height 1.28 feet; the remaining 50 

feet of the crest of the dam is at gage height 2.12 feet.

Discharge measurements. Made by wading directly opposite the gage at low stages 

and from a cable and car at the same section at high stages.

Winter flow. No data.

Diversions. An average flow of about 10 second-feet is pumped from Owasco Lake 

for the municipal water supply of the city of Auburn. It is not known what proportion of this gets back into the stream above the gaging station.

Accuracy. Discharge measurements already made have been very consistent and 

estimates are excellent.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO.

Discharge measurements ofOwasco Outlet near Auburn, N. Y., i

69

Date.

Sept. 22

Nov. 21o

22o

23o

24o

24o

28*

28c

30o

Hydrographer.

G. H. Canfield..... ......................................................

.....do...............................'....................................

.....do...................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet,

2.63

2.63

2.73

1.88

2.14

1.46

1.44

2.75

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

Ill

319

318

418

79.3

147

9.7

8.4

436

6 Made by wading 60 feet below gage. 

e Made by wading 200 feet below gage.

NOTE. At the time measurement No. 5 was made the low-water section of the control was just full. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Owasco Outlet near Auburn, N. Y.,for 1912.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

10..............

Nov. Dec.

1.88

2.51

2.48

2.46

2.48

2.58

2.64

2.45

O QQ

2.64

Day.

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

1Q

20..............

Nov.

1.59

2.37

2 9ft

2.36

Dec.

2.61

, 2.60

2.52

2.27

1.66

2.07

2.13

2.41

2.41

Day.

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

on

30..............

31..............

Nov.

2.45

2.48

2.45

2.06

2.50

2.46

2.54

1.75

2.19

Dec.

2.41

2.40

2.42

2.42

2.39

2.40

2.38

2.39

O 00

2.36

2.38

NOTE. Mean daily gage height obtained by averaging hourly readings for each 24-hour period. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofOwasco Outlet near Auburn, N. Y.,for 1912.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

Nov. Dec.

792

308

293

283

293

343

373

278

250

373

Day.

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

Nov.

26.5

241

202

237

Dec.

358

353

313

198

37.4

128

' 144

259

273

259

Day.

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Nov.

278

293 278'

125

303

283

323

52.7

228

166

Dec.

259

255

264

264

250

255

246

250

223

237

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve.

Monthly discharge of Owasco Outlet near Auburn, N. Y.,for 1912.

\ 

[Drainage area, 206 square miles.] /

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

323 

373

Minimum.

«26.5 

o37.4

Mean.

217 

256

Per 

square 

mile.

1.05

1.24

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

.55 

1.4S

Accuracy.

A.

A.

Sunday.
70 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1&12, PART iv.

ONEIDA RIVER AT CAUGHDENOY, N. T.

Location. At Caughdenoy, about 6 miles above the old Euclid station at Oak 

Orchard State dam, half a mile below the mouth of Caughdenoy Creek (which 

enters from the north) and 5 miles below Lake Oneida.

Records available. August 30, 1902, to December 31, 1909 (at Euclid); January 1, 

1910, to December 31, 1912 (at Caughdenoy, which replaces the Euclid station). 

Data published also in annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor.

Drainage area. 1,377 square miles.

Gage. Staff, about 150 feet upstream from the dam, on the right-hand side of the 

stream.

Discharge measurements. Discharge measured over a masonry dam 415 feet long, 

completed at Caughdenoy during the summer of 1909. This dam has a practically 

level crest at elevation 369.4 feet, and an ogee cross section with a slope or batter 

on the upstream portion of the crest of 1 foot rise in 2 feet horizontal width. The 

downstream part of the crest is rounded, with a radius of 3.24 feet. The discharge 

over the dam has been computed from formulas derived from United States 

Geological Survey experiments on a dam of ogee cross section similar in form, and a 

correction has been made for velocity of approach.

Diversions. During the summer, and also to some extent during the winter, water is 

diverted past the left-hand end of the dam through the Caughdenoy lock. An 

estimate of the amount of water so diverted has been made and included in the 

calculated discharge of the river.

Cooperation. Records furnished complete for publication by the New York State 

engineer and surveyor.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oneida River at Caughdenoy, N. T°.,for 1912.

bay.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4..... ..........

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14. ..............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

3,728

3,633

3,570

3,570

3

OCQ

3,258

3,258

3,106

2,737

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,545

2,463

2,330

2,-463

2,545

2,774

2,436

2,330

2,198

2

9»7Q

1,945

2,021

1,970

1,945

1,872

1,824

1,945

1,824

1,703

Feb.

1,566

1,621

1,512

1,512

1,566

1,457

1 367

1,409

1,409

1,367

1 409

l'409

1,409

1,409

1,409

1,219

1 119

1,019

1,119

1,219

1,219

1,119

1,119

1,199

1,282

1,282

1,324

1,324

Mar.

1,240

1,282

1,282

1,303

1 ^94.

1,367

1,367

1 240

1,282

1,282

1,303

1,324

1,367

1,457

1,457

1,485

1,512

1,621

2,072

2,278

2,490

3,411

3,411

3,506

3,411

3,258

3,258

3,633

4,021

4,154

Apr.

4,958

5.395

6,082

6,496

6,921

7

CJQ

8,748

8,896

8,650

8,551

8,453

7,421

6,496

6 408

6,496

6,716

8,601

10,308

10,068

9 584

7', 716

9

OOQ

Q 1,11

9 ft-!0.

7,337

7,716

8,360

7,085

May.

6,921

6,496

6,276

6,082

5,696

5,322

5,138

4,958

4,584

4,222

4,054

4,356

4,021

3,956

4,054

4

1 QQ

4,188

4,154

4,356

4,584

4,923

4,584

3

QCQ

4,356

4,021

3,891

3,728

3,891

4,054

3,858

June.

4,356

3,858

3,728

3,858

3,793

3,728

3,258

2,922

3,106

2,710

2,600

2,545

2,490

2,600

2,545

2,436

2,330

2,278

2,224

2,122

2,072

2,021

1,945

1,800

1,676

1,676

1,676

1,621

1,621

1,539

July.

1,303

1,282

1,219

1,219

1,282

1,240

1,219

1,199

1,119

1,000

815

851

815

888

1,000

926

780

780

641

746

659

641

605

534

498

480

480

480

480

480

480

Aug.

453

480

570

570

659

711

746

659

711

659

659

570

659

412

412

480

570

659

659

570

570

een

570

570

570

534

480

570

480

480

480

Sept.

570

659

659

570

659

659

659

746

832

832

832

746

832

832

926

1,019

1 119

l'l!9

1,159

1,079

1,079

1,219

1,282

1,824

1,703

1,824

1,945

1,872

1,945

1,996

Oct.

1,703

1,945

2,021

2,021

1,945

2,072

2,072

2,021

1,945

1,824

1,703

1,703

1,703

1,512

1,512

1,566

1,621

1,566

1,566

1,621

1,703

1,621

1,512

1,621

1,824

1,872

2,021

2,072

2,072

2,021

1,945

Nov.

1,703

1,945

1,703

1,824

1,776

1,703

1,621

1,703

1,824

1,872

1,945

2,072

2,463

2,330

2,072

2,198

2,330

2,330

2,384

2,384

2,330

2

0 on

2,384

2,330

2,330

2,278

2,198

2,330

2,600

2,600

Dec.

2,655

2,737

2,922

3,258

3,570

2,600

3,570

3,570

3,258

3,570

3,570

2,600

3,258

3,258

2,922

2,922

3,258

2,922

2,600

2,600

2,922

3,258

3,258

2,922

2,737

2,737

2,463

2,463.

2,600

2,922
STBEAMS TRIBTJTAKY TO LAKE ONTARIO.

 

Monthly discharge ofOneida River at Caughdenoy, N. Y.,for 1912.

[Drainage area, 1,377 square miles.]

71

Month.

March.......... . ... . ....... ...........

April..........................................

May.......... .................................

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,728 

1,621 

4,154 

10,308 

6,921 

4,356 

1,303 

746 

1,996 

2,072 

2,600 

6,716

10,308

Minimum.

1,703 

1,019 

1,240 

4,958 

3,728 

1,539 

480 

412 

570 

1,512 

1,621 

2,463

412

Mean.

2,559 

1,343 

2,145 

7,712 

4,627 

2,571 

843 

575 

1,107 

1,804 

2,130 

3,117

2,540

Per 

square 

mile.

1.86 

.975 

1.56 

5.60 

3.36 

1.87 

.612 

.418 

.804 

1.31 

1.54 

2.26

1.85

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.14 

1.05 

1.80 

6.25 

3.87 

2.09 

.706 

.482 

.897 

1.51 

1.72 

2.61

25.125

SALMON RIVER AT STILLWATER BRIDGE, NEAR REDFIELD, N. Y.

Location. On Stillwater highway bridge, 6J miles by road east of Altmar, one-fourth 

mile above the proposed dam of the Ontario Power Co., seven-eighths mile below 

Pennock Brook (coming in from the right), and 7 miles below the mouth of North 

Branch (coming in from the right).

Records available. June 24,1911, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 191 square miles.

Gage. Chain, attached to upstream side of bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Small stone and gravel.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge or by wading.

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice.

Accuracy. Conditions for making rileasurements and records are good.

Cooperation. Gage heights furnished by the Ontario Power Co:, Niagara Falls, 

N. Y.

Discharge measurements of Salmon Rivef at Stillwater Bridge, near Redfield, N. Y., in 1912.

Date.

Feb. 25o 

Mar. 13o 

Apr. 16 

18 

Oct. 16

Hydro

Frank Weber. .....................

C.S.DeGolyer... ..................

.... .do. ............................

.....do.............................

J. G. Matters.. . ...................

grapher. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.55 

62.81 

C9.76 

d7.89 

2.65

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

325 

205 

7,040 

4430 

312

a Measurements made under conWete ice cover. 

b Staff gage, 0.83. 4 Staff gage, 3.85.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Salmon River at Stillwater Bridge, near ftedfield, N. Y.,

for 1912. 

[A. Hall and Ralph Lindner, observers.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

94

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

9O

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.2

3.7

3.6

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.5

3.6

3.4

3.2

Feb.

3.55

3 A

Mar.

3.0

2

0

2

O

3.0

3.8

3 9

4.3

4.4

4.5

* d 9

4.2

4.0

3 9

3.7

3.3

3.4

3.6

4 9

5.0

5.0

Apr.

5.3

5.4

&.1

A Q

4.5

5.8

7.6

8

0

'7.0

5.9

5.5

5.0

5.1

6.4

9 0

10.0

9

0

7 9

ft i

6.2

5 9

7.0

10.1

7.0

5.8

6.2

7.0

6

0

5.6

5.0

May.

5.2

5.1

5.0

4.6

4.3

4.5

4.7

4 9

4.0

3.8

3.5

3.5

A O

4.3

3 9

3.7

5.0

5.5

A O

3 Q

6.1

6.4

5.3 d i

4.2

3.6

3.2

^ ft

5.7

6.6

5.5

June.

4.4

3.8

4.0

^ 7

3.3

3.0

2.9

2.65

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.25

9 o

2 OK

2.15

2.2

2 Q

2.55

9 o

2.15

2 1

2.05

I Qft

1 Q9

1.88

1.84

1.80

1.78

1.78

1.75

July.

1.72

1.70

1.70

1.70

1 95

1.84

1.76

1.70

1.69

1.64

1.62

1.62

1 89

1.77

1.70

1.92

1.72

1.64

1.67

1.64

1.76

2.35

1.95

1.80

1.68

1.68

1.66

1.63

1.60

1.60

1.57

Aug.

1.57

1.55

1.74

1.82

1.76

1.71

1.62

1.61

1.59

1.93

2.50

2.25

2.10

2.00

1.98

1.82

1.74

1.74

1 Sft

1.77

1.74

1.84

1.82

1.85

1.86

1.88

2.25

2.05

1.87

1.76

1.68

Sept.

1.68

1.72

1.68

1.86

1 79

2.35

2.05

I Qft

1.86

1.92

2.35

2.65

2 on

2.00

1.98

4.00

2.95

2.50

2

7E

2.45

2.40

2.35

2.50

4.70

4.80

4.20

3.40

2.85

3.20

2.80

Oct.

4.8

4.9

3.8

4.4

4.2

3.3

2.95

2.65

2.5

2.7

2.8

2.75

3.7

3.3

2.95

2.65

2.5

2.4

9 »

3.4

3.0

2 7

3.1

4.2

5.4

5.0

4.6

3.9

3.4

3.0

2.8

Nov.

2.75

2.95

2.8

 2.65

2.5

2.5

3.2

5.7

5.4

4.6

3.9

3.5

3 A

4.6

4.6

4.2

3.5

3.3

3

n

3.0

3.1

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.4

Dec.

2.2

3.6

7.4

5.9

4 7

5.2

5.7

4.6

3.8

3.7

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.1

4.0

4.8

4.5

4.2

3 Q

3.7

3.4

3.7

3.4

3.0

3

r\

3.3

3.9

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 5 to Apr. 4.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Salmon River at Stillwater Bridge, near Redjield,

N. T., for 1912.

Day.

1...............

2...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

g

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

IQ

19

20...............

21...............

22

23...............

24...............

o>;

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

598

564 ffv>

469

Feb. Mar. Apr.

514

532

ROT)

840

985

1,960

A (\Af\

4,860

3,260

2,050

1,690

1,290

1,360

2,560

5,980

7,380

7,100

4,440

4,720

2,350

2,050

3,260

7,520

3,260

1,960

2,350

3,260

3,020

1,780

1,290

May.

1,440

1,360

1,290

1,040

885

985

1,100

840

754

672

564

564

885

885

712

634

1,290

1,690

885

712

2,250

2,560

1,520

885

840

598

469

410

1,870

2,780

1,690

June.

935

672

754

634

500

410

381

313

274

249

224

212

224

212

188

200

381

287

224

188

177

166

151

138

130

122

114

110

110

104

July.

99

95

95

95

144

122

106

95

93

84

81

81

81

108

95

138

99

84

90

84

106

236

144

114

91

88

88

82

77

77

72

Aug.

72

68

103

118

106

97

81

79

75

140

274

212

177

155

151

118

103

103

' 114

108

103

122

118

124

126

130

212

166

128

106

91

Sept.

91

99

91

126

112

236

166

151

126

138

236

313

200

155

151

754

396

274

340

262

249

236

274

1,100

1,160

840

532

367

469

353

Oct.

1,160

1,220

672

935

840

500

396

313

274

326

353

340

634

500

396

313

274

249

353

532

410

326

439

840

1,600

1,290

1,040

381

249

410

353

Nov.

340

396

353

313

274

274

469

1,870

1,600

1,040

712

564

532

1,040

1,040

840

564

500

410

410

439

500

500

469

469

439

410

353

300

249

Dec.

200

598

3,780

2,050

1,100

1,440

1,870

1,040

672

634

532

564

598

598

532

532

469

439

754

1,160

985

840

712

634

532

634

532

410

410

500

712

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve, 

from a rating curve based on measurements made with ice present.

Discharge Apr. 1 to 4 determined
STBEAMS TEIBUTAEY TO LAKE OFTABIO. 73

re of Salmon River at Stillwater Bridge, near Redfield, N. !P.,/or 1912. 

[Drainage area, 191 square miles.]

Month.

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

September. .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

7,520 

2,780 

935 

236 

274 

1,160 

1,600 

1,870 

3,780

7,520

Minimum.

514 

410 

104 

72 

68 

91 

249 

249 

200

68

Mean.

250 

200 

323 

2,950 

1,130 

293 

101 

125 

333 

578 

589 

854

642

Per 

square 

mile.

1.31 

1.05 

1.69 

15.4 

5.92 

1.53 

.529 

.654 

1.74 

3.03 

3.08 

4.47

3.36

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.51 

1.13 

 1.95 

17.18 

6.82 

1.71 

.61 

.75 

1.94 

3.49 

3.43 

5.15

45.67

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. Discharge Jan. 5 to Apr. 4 determined by means of a curve applicable to flow under ice cover, 

and climatologic records. 

Mean discharge Jan. 5-31 estimated 210 second-feet.

SALMON RIVER NEAR PULASKI, N. T.

Location. At a highway bridge known locally as Fox's bridge, about 2J miles above 

the village of Pulaski, 2£ miles above Trout Brook (coming in from the left), and 

6£ miles above the mouth of the river.

Records available. September 5,1900, to June 30,1907; August 16,1908, to December 6,1908; July 14,1910, to December 31,1912. Published in reports of the.New 

York State engineer and surveyor, State of New York Water Supply Commission, 

and Conservation Commission.

Drainage area. 260 square miles 1 (measured on United States Geological Survey 

topographic sheets).

Gage. A chain gage was installed July 23, 1902, the zero of which is 1.20 feet below 

the zero of the original staff gage, which was attached to the upstream end of the 

center pier of the bridge and was read from September 5, 1900, to the winter of 

1901-2, when it was destroyed by ice; datum of chain gage unchanged since 

established.

Channel. Gravel; fairly permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made either by wading or from the bridge.

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice.

Accuracy. Open-water curve well developed. Published data considered good.

Discharge measurements of Salmon River near Pulaski, N. Y., in 1912.

Data.

Apr. 13

17

Oct. 18

Hydrographer. Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.78

7.45

3.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,050

9,430

314

- Drainage area revised.
74 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Salmon River near PulasH, N. Y,for 1912. 

[Seymour J. Fox, observer.]

Day.

1....... ........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...........1...

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.45

3.35

3.10

3.00

Feb. Mar. Apr.

6.6

5.2

4.9

4 4

4.5

5.4

6.6

fi O

5.9

5.4

5.2

4.75

4.85

5.5

7.0

7.5

7.2

6.3

6.5

5.6

5.3

7.4

6.0

5.2

5.3

5.6

5.6

4.9

4.6

May.

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.3

4.1

4.15

4.25

4.05

3.9

3.75

3.55

4.05

3.85

3.75

4.5

4.8

4.2

3.9

5.1

5.7

4.6

4.2

4.05

3.8

3.55

3.4

4.9

5.6

t; 9

June.

3.9

3.9

3.65

3.45

3.38

3.28

3.18

3.05

3.00

3.02

3.05

3.00

2.90

2.92

3.30

3.10

3.02

2.95

2.90

2.82

2.80

2.75

2.72

2.68

2.65

2.65

2.65

2.60

July.

2.60

2.58

2.58

2.60

2.65

2.58

2.60

2.55

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.48

2.50

2.55

2.68

2.62

2.52

2.50

2.48

2.52

2.90

2.60

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.42

2.42

2.40

2.40

Aug.

2.40

2.40

2.60

2.62

2.55

2.50

2.48

2.42

2.40

2.48

3.12

2.90

2.75

2.75

2.72

2.60

2.52

2.42

2.50

2.52

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.58

2.60

2.68

2.70

2.70

2.65

2.60

2.60

Sept.

2.50

2. 50

2.50

2.60

2.60

3.02

3.00

2.80

2.65

2.58

2.85

3.25

2.95

2.80

2.80

3.65

3.38

3.08

3.02

3.05

3.00

2.95

2.92

4.1

4.3

4.1

3.7

3.32

3.2

3.5

Oct.

4.5

4.45

3.9

4.0

4.1

3.6

3.35

3.25

3.10

3.15

3.25

3.20

3.55

3.32

3.18

3.05

2.95

3.05

3.48

3.30

3.15

3.12

3.9

4.5

4.4

4.2

3.95

3.5

3.38

3.22

Nov.

3 99

3.22

3.25

3.15

3.05

3.22

5.1

4.8

4.4

4.0

3.75

3.6

4.2

4.5

4.1

3.75

3.65

3.40

3.45

3.5

3.5

3.55

3.5

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.40

3.28

3.35

Dec.

3.15

3.42

5.9

5.2

4.5

4.3

4.9

4.3

3.6

3.6

3.45

3.30

3.40

3.55

3.55

3.5

3.38

3.40

4.0

4.2

4.15

3.95

3.8

3.8

3.5

3.40

3.40

3.36

3.28

3.38

3.83

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 7 to Apr. 1. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Salmon River near PulasK, N. Y., for 1912.

Day.

1....... ........

2...............

3...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

642

642

570

432 4nn

340

Feb. Mar. Apr.

3,000

2.750

2,240

1,560

1,680

3,140

6,330

7,380

4,250

3,140

2,750

2,020

2,160

3,340

7,750

9,660

8 500

5,370

6,000

2,940

4,250

9,270

4,510

2,750

2,940

3,550

2,240

1,800

May.

1,800

1,680

1,680

1,440

1,220

1,280

1,380

1,170

1,020

888

760

720

1,170

1,170

978

888

1,680

2,090

1,330

1,020

2,570

3,770

1,800

1,330

1,170

930

720

605

2,240

3,550

2,750

June.

1,500

1,020

978

1,020

802

642

591

521

452

370

340

352

370

340

285

296

535

400

352

312

285

245

235

213

200

183

172

172

172

152

July.

152

145

145

135

152

172

145

152

135

118

118

118

112

118

135

183

160

125

118

112

125

285

213

152

118

118

118

94

94

88

88

Aug.

88

88

152

160

135

118

112

94

88

112

413

285

213

213

200

152

125

94

118

125

118

118

118

145

152

183

191

191

172

152

152

Sept.

118

118

118

152

152

352

340

235

172

145

260

500

312

235

235

802

591

388

352

370

340

312

296

1,220

1,440

1,220

845

549

465

680

Oct.

1,680

1,620

1,020

1,120

1,220

760

570

500

400

432

500

465

760

720

549

452

370

312

370

665

535

432

413

1,820

1,680

1,560

1,330

1,070

680

591

479

Nov.

479

479

500

432

432

370

479

2,570

2,090

1,560

1,120

888

760

1,330

1,680

1,220

888

802

605

642

680

680

720

680

760

680

680

605

521

570

Dec.

432

620

4,250

2,750

1,680

1,440

2,240

1,440

760

760

642

535

605

720

720

680

591

605

1,120

1,330

1,280

1,070

930

930

680

605

605

577

521

591

958

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge Apr. 1 estimated.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 75

Monthly discharge of Salmon River near Pulaski, N. T". t for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 260 square miles.]

Month.

March ...................................

May.....................................

June....................................

July.....................................

September ..............................

Discharge in second-feat.

Maximum.

9,660 

3,770 

1,500 

285 

413 

1,440 

1,680 

2,570 

4,250

9,660

Minimum.

1,560 

605 

152 

88 

88 

118 

312 

370 

432

88

Mean.

340 

270 

440 

4,150 

1,510 

450 

137 

154 

444 

783 

863 

1,050

879

Per 

square 

mile.

1.31 

1.04 

1.69 

16.0 

5.81 

1.73 

.527 

.592 

1.71 

3.01 

3.32 

4.04

 3.38

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.51 

1.12 

1.95 

17.85 

6.70 

1.93 

.61 

.68 

1.91 

3.47 

3.70 

4.66

46.09

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

NOTE. Discharge Jan. 7 to Apr. 1 estimated from the discharge at Stfllwater Bridge. Mean discharge 

Jan. 7-31 estimated 300 second-feet.

ORWELL BROOK NEAK ALTMAR, N. Y.

Location. At highway bridge 1J miles by road northwest of Altmar and one-eighth

mile above confluence with Salmon River. 

Records available. June 23, 1911, to December 31, 1912. 

Drainage area. 22.1 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain, attached to downstream side of bridge. 

Channel. Curved above the bridge and current rather swift; bed composed of small

stone and gravel; two channels above bridge, but one at gage. 

Discharge measurements. Made by wading at low stages, from bridge at high

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice.

Accuracy. The discharge rating curve has been fairly well developed; estimates

Cooperation. Gage heights furnished by the Ontario Power Co., Niagara Falls, 

N. Y.

Discharge measurements of Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. Y., in 1912.

Date.

Apr. 13

17

Hydrographer. Gage 

height.

Feel. 

3.54

3.96

2.13

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

204

282

26.1
76 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. T.,for 1912. 

[Mrs. A. G. White, observer.]

Day.

1......... ......

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6......:........

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

10

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.44

2.37

2.30

2.44

2.65

3.20

3.35

q ift

3 oc

q oe

3.20

3 in

Feb. Mar.

1 Qfl

3.85

3.65

2.65

2 Oft

2.88

2.90

2.95

2

QK

2

QC

2.62

2.55

2.46

2.46

2.58

3.00

3.45

3.50

Apr.

3 7I\

3.75

3.40

q *>n

q AK

A. Aft

5.1

4 7

4.0

1 7fL

3.55

3 40

3.65

4.1

A Q

4.7

4.2

3.55

3 7

3

1

2.99

3 Oft

4.0

3.3

2.98

2.79

2.72

2.62

2.61

2.58

May.

9 48

2.42

2.38

2 qj.

2.29

2.38

2.40

2 qj.

2 qj.

2

qo

2.28

2

qo

2.5

2.48

2

qo

2

AQ

2.82

2.72

2

fli

2.46

3.45

3 QA

2 7ft

2.68

2.59

2.44

2

0,4

2.29

3.5

3.32

2.98

June.

2.65

2.5

2.62

2.51

2.45

2.35

2.29

2.24

2.20

2.16

2.15

2.15

2.14

2 1 9

2.09

2.14

2.35

2.18

2.10

2.10

2.09

2

(\A

2.00

2.00

2.00

1.96

1.95

1.95

1.95

1.92

July.

1 Ql

1.90

1.89

i on

1 Oft

1.89

1.85

1.85

1.85

1 84

1.85

1 Qf\

1.82

1 Q1

1 OK

1.88

1.82

1 99

1 89

1.82

1.98

2.00

1 Q9

1.90

1.84

1.86

1.85

1.82

1.85

1.85

1.86

Aug.

i on

1.90

2.12

2.02

2.00

1.98

1.95

1.95

1.95

2.02

2.10

2 no

2.00

2 1ft

2.02

2.00

1 98

2 nd

2.08

2.01

1.98

1 98

1.98

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.15

2.12

2.02

2.00

1.98

Sept.

1.98

1.99

2.00

1.98

2 9Q

1.98

1.96

1 95

1 95

2.02

2.25

0 On

2.12

2.04

2.16

2.32

2.18

2.20

2.22

2.12

2.08

o ftp;

9 3ft

2.52

2.72

2.45

2.32

2.22

2.22

2.0

Oct.

3.2

2.68

2.42

2.60

2.42

2.32

2.24

2.18

2.12

2.20

2.20

2.25

2.32

2 99

2.18

2.14

2.12

2

Oft

2.22

2.20

2.15

2.15

2.15

2.40

2.78

2.75

2.70

2.52

2.44

2.32

2.25

Nov.

2.25

2.25

2.20

2.18

2.18

2.18

2.48

q 1

2.98

2.69

2.48

2.40

2,40

3.15

3

flfi

2.68

2.55

2.55

2 4.fi

2.40

' 2.38

2.35

2.35

2.38

2.40

2.45

2.42

2.34

2.31

2.35

Dec.

O QE

3.15

3.6

2.85

2 64

2.70

2.70

9 flS

2 ACI

2.45

2.35

2.38

3.0

2.72

O fi9

2.60

2.52

2

qo

3 1

2.78

2.70

2 fi9

2.55

2.55

2.50

2.45

2.38

2.30

2.48

2.40

2.65

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 13 to some time in March. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. T.,for 1912.

Day.

1...............

2.. .............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

11

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr.

232

241

181

149

190

368

520

431

288

241

406

181

224

307

475

431

327

206

232

134

118

149

288

165

116

90

81

68

67

64

May.

54

49

45

42

37

45

47

42

42

4fl

36

40

56

54

45

54

94

81

57

52

190

165

78

76

65

51

42

37

198

168

116

June.

72

56

68

57

52

42

37

33

30

27

26

26

26

24

22

26

42

29

23

23

22

19

17

17

17

15

15

15

15

14

July.

13

18

13

13

13

13

11

11

11

11

11

11

10

13

11

12

10

10

10

10

16

17

14

13

11

11

11

10

11

11

11

Aug.

13

13

24

18

17

16

15

15

15

18

23

18

17

23

18

17

16

17

22

18

16

16

16

17

17

17

26

24

18

17

16

Sept.

16

17

17

16

37

16

15

15

15

18

34

30

24

19

27

40

29

30

32

24

22

20

38

58

81

52

40

32

32

17

Oct.

149

76

49

66

49

40

33

29

24

V)

30

34

40

32

29

26

24

30

32in

26

26

26

47

88

84

78

58

51

40

34

Nov.

34

34

30

29

29

29

53

iq-t

116

. 77

54

47

47

142

126

76

61

61

47

47

45

42

42

45

47

52

49

42

39

42

Dec.

49

142

215

QQ

71

7ft

78

64

47

52

42

45

119

81

68

66

58

40

134

88

78

68

61

61

56

52

45

38

54

47

72

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve.
STREAMS TEIBUTAEY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 77

Monthly discharge of Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. Y., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 22.1 square miles.]

Month.

Aprfl.. ..................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

December ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

520 

198 

72 

17 

26 

81 

149 

142 

215

Minimum.

64 

36 

14 

10 

13 

15 

24 

29 

38

Mean.

232 

70.9 

. 30.2 

11.8 

17.8 

28.8 

45.5 

57.3 

72.9

Per 

square 

mile.

10.5 

3.21 

1.37 

.539 

.813 

1.32 

2.06 

2.59 

3.30

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

11.71 

3.70 

1.53 

.62 

.94 

1.47 

2.38 

2.89 

3.80

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A.

BLACK RIVER NEAR BOONVILLE, N. Y.

Location. At highway bridge 2 or 3 miles northeast of Boonville, an equal distance 

by river downstream from Hawkinsville, and about 1 mile above the mouth of 

Sugar River, a small tributary from the left.

Records available. February 16,1912, to December 31,1912, data also published in 

first annual report of Conservation Commission, State of New York.

Drainage area. 303 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain, fastened to the downstream side of the bridge. A staff gage, 

reading from 6 to 13 feet, is fastened to the downstream right-hand abutment and 

is used for high-water readings.

Channel. Rough and bowldery; practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. At high stages from a cable about one-quarter mile 

above the gage; at low stages, by wading near the cable section.

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice.

Diversions. A portion of the flow of Black River is diverted past the gaging 

station through a feeder which takes water at the State dam at Forestport 

and delivers its flow to the summit level of the Black River canal at Boonville. A portion of the flow passes northward, supplying the Black River 

canal from Boonville, to the head of slack-water navigation at the foot of Lyon 

Falls. The remainder is diverted from the drainage basin and flows' into the 

Erie Canal at Rome. To determine the amount diverted past the station and out 

of the drainage basin measurements are made in the Forestport feeder at a farm 

bridge near Speny Hill, 1 mile northeast of Boonville. Measurements of northward flow in the Black River canal are made at a farm bridge half a mile north of 

Boonville; measurements of the southward flow at a farm bridge about threefourths of a mile southeast from Boonville. The Forestport feeder is open for service about May 1 for the purpose of feeding the Erie Canal, which opens about May 

15, although the Black River canal does not open until later. When navigation is 

closed on the Erie Canal the feeder gates are closed also and the surplus water runs 

over the dam into Black River. Some water leaks through the feeder gates and 

flows through the feeder into Lansing Kill and Mohawk River. Results of measurements made at this place in the past are published in reports of the State 

engineer and surveyor of New York.

Storage. A reservoir built by the State at Forestport about 8 miles upstream, stores 

about 2,000,000,000 cubic feet. About a mile above the station is a site of which 

a dam 110 feet high would impound 3,300,000,000 cubic feet of water.

Accuracy. A well-defined discharge rating curve has been developed. The records 

do not give the total discharge of the drainage area. See " Diversions."
78 SUBFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Discharge measurements of Black River near Boonville, ^V. Y., in

Date.

Feb. 3<J

156

Apr. 15

15

22

May 21

28c

Oct. 27

* Hydrographer.

Frank Weber. ............................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

J. G. Mathers.............................................................

height.

Feel. 

5.66

5.03

8.67

8.93

8.00

7.15

3.32

3.27

5.35

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

354

255

3,560

4,060

2,750

1,970

55.1

46.2

544

o Measurement made under complete ice cover at cable.

b Measurement made at wading section, 200 feet above bridge, under complete ice cover.

c Measurements made by wading 100 feet below cable.

Discharge "measurements of Forestport feeder near Boonville, N. Y., in 1912.

Date.

July 26

Oct. 27c

Hydrographer. Gage 

height.a

Feet. 

1.31

1.02

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6215

6275

a Distance from reference point to water surface. Reference point is top of mudsill at left, upstream side 

of bridge.

6 Amount of water diverted from Black River above the gaging station. 

c No flow northward in Black River canal at the time this measurement was made.

Discharge measurements of Black River canal (south) at Boonville, N. Y, in 1912.

Date.

July 26

Oct. 27

Hydrographer.

J. G. Mathers.............................................................

height.a

Feet. 

0.88

1.05

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6155

6234

o Distance from reference point to water surface. Reference point is top of mudsill at right upstream 

side of bridge. 

6 Amount of water diverted permanently to Erie Canal.
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO., 79

Daily gage height, in feet, of Black River near Boonvilk, N. T.,for 1912. 

[W. D. Charbonneau, observer.]

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9............... 10.......;.......

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.8

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.3

4.95

5.0

5.45

5.3

5.9

6.0

6.1

6.2

6.3

6 4

6.0

6.3

6.3

6.4

6.5

6.4

6.5

6.3

5.9

5.65

5.5

5.5

5.6

5.6

5.9

5.8

Feb.

5.8

5.65

5.7

5.65

5.5

5.4

5.5

5.45

5.2

5.35

5.25

5.2

5.15

5.1

5.0

5.0

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.5

6.0

6.4

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.4

6.1

5.7

Mar.

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.6

5.3

5.25

5.2

5.3

5.2

5.25

5.2

5.15

5.1

5.15

5.5

7.6

8.3

Q 1

8.8

8.1

7.7

7.0

6.9

6.6

6.5

6.3

6.1

6.2

6.3

6.6

Apr.

6.7

6.8

7.0

7.2

7.1

7.3

8.0

8.7

8.6

7.8

7.2

6.9

6.8

7.1

8 7

9.9

10 4

Q 7

9.2

8.3

8.0

8.1

9 9

9.2

8.3

7.8

7.8

8.1

7.7

7.2

May.

7.3

7.6

7.6

7.3

6.7

6.2

6.1

6.2

6.2

6.0

5.7

5.55

5.55

6.2

6.1

5.9

6.4

6.2

6.1

6.1

7.2

7.8

7.4

7.0

6.4

6.2

6.2

6.1

6.5

8.1

8.1

June.

7.5

6.8

6.2

6.0

6.6

5.9

5.4

4.95

4.6

4.32

4.25

4.22

4.12

4.18

4 99

3.92

3.72

3.67

3.58

3.42

3.32

3.18

3.30

3.42

3.58

3.52

3.72

3.62

3.52

3.58

July.

3.52

3.42

3.35

3.48

3.42

3.32

3.38

3.48

3.40

3.42

3.38

3.32

3.32

3

QO

3.28

3.32

3.32

3.38

3.32

3.45

3.65

3.68

3.55

3.42

3.32

3.22

3.22

3.32

3.22

3.18

Aug.

3.28

3.28

3.32

3.32

3.38

3.28

3.26

3.28

3.28

3.35

3.38

3.38

3.38

3.32

3

OQ

3.48

3.35

3.32

3.38

o on

3.22

3.22

3.32

3.35

3.32

3.38

3.28

3.28

3.22

3.12

3.22

Sept.

3.18

3.32

3.72

3.72

3.70

3.70

3.52

3.56

3.48

3.40

3.42

3.42

3.28

3.26

3.62

5.15

5.3

5.2

5.0

5.1

5.0

5.0

4.9

4.95

5.25

5.45

5.3

5.35

5.1

4.75

Get.

4.45

5.35

5 45

5.5

5.35

4.95

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.6

4.4

4.5

4.48

4.42

4.22

4.10

4.45

4.6

4.48

4.44

4.6

5.0

5.4

5.4

5.2

5.0

4.7

4.6

Nov.

4.55

4.9

5.45

5.6

5.55

'5.4

5.45

6.2

6.8

6.5

6.4

6.2

5.4.

5.7

5.55

4.7

4.95

5.35

5.7

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.55

5.4

5.15

5.0

4.9

Dec.

4 7

5.25

6.4

7.0

6.4

6.2

6.3

6.2

6.3

6.0

5.6

5.65

5.55

5.5

5.3

^.25

5.3

5.35

6.2

6.3

6.4

5.8

5.6

5.65

5.8

5.5

5.3

5.4

5.15

5.3

5.7

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 8 to Mar. 19.
80 , SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Black River near Boonville, N. Y.,for 1912.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

795

630

580

535

535

390

410

520

430

570

550

540

530

520

520

420

456

456

473

490

473

490

456

389

349

325

325

341

341

389

373

Feb.

373

349

357

349

325

310

325

318

280

302

288

280

272

265

250

250

280

280

295

325

405

473

439

439

456

439

473

422

357

Mar.

341

341

325

341

295

288

280

295

280

288

280

272

265

272

325

856

1,390

1,920

2,450

2,980

2,500

1,740

1,640

1,370

1,290

1,140

Q9n

990

1,060

1,140

1,370

Apr.

1,460

1,540

1,740

1,940

1,840

2,050

2,860

3,750

3,620

2,620

1,940

1,640

1,540

1,840

3,750

5,380

6,100

5,100

4,410

3,240

2,860

2,980

5,380

4,410

3,240

2,620

2,620

2,980

2,500

1,940

May.

2,050

2,380

2,380

2,050

1,460

1,060

990

1,060

'1,060

920

735

655

655

1,060

990

855

1,210

1,060

990

990

1,940

2,620

2,160

1,740

1,210

1,060

1,060

990

1,290

2,980

2,980

June.

2,270

1,540

1,060

920

1,370

855

580

390

275

209

194

188

168

180

188

131

100

93

82

63

53

40

51

63

82

74

100

87

74

82

July.

74

63

56

70

63

53

59

70

61

63

53

59

53

53

53

49

53

53

59

53

66

90

94

78

63

53

44

44

53

44

40

Aug.

49

49

53

53

59

49

47

49

49

56

59

59

59

53

60

70

56

53

59

51

44

44

53

56

53

59

49

49

44

36

44

Sept.

40

53

100

100

97

97

74

79

70

61

63

63

49

47

87

470

535

490

410

450

410

410

370

390

512

605

535

558

450

320

Oct.

238

558

605

630

558

390

305

275

250

305

275

250

275

227

250

245

232

188

164

238

275

245

236

275

410

580

580

490

410

305

275

Nov.

262

370

605

680

655

580

605

1,060

1,540

1,290

1,210

1,060

580

735

655

305

390

558

735

680

680

680

680

680

630

655

580

470

410

370

Dec.

305

512

1.210

1,740

1,210

1,060

1,140

1,060

1,140

920

680

708

655

630

535

512

535

558

1,060

1,140

1,210

795

680

708

795

630

535

580

470

535

735

NOTE. Daily discharge Jan. 17 to Mar. 15 determined from a rating curve based on two measurements 

made when ice was present. Discharge Jan. 8 to 16, and Mar. 16 to 19, estimated by making a gradual 

change between the open water and ice curves. Discharge during open-water period determined from 

a rating curve fairly well defined below 4,100 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Black River near Boonville, N. Y.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 303 square miles.]

Month.

April...........................................................

May............................................................

July...........................................................

The year. ................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

795 

473 

2,980 

6,100 

2,980 

2,270 

94 

70 

605 

630 

1,540 

1,740

6,100

Minimum.

325 

250 

265 

1,460 

655 

40 

40 

36 

40 

164 

262 

305

36

Mean.

471 

344 

943 

3,000 

1,440 

385 

59.3 

52.0 

266 

340 

680 

806

730

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.
STREAMS TKIBUTAKY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 81

BLACK BIVER, NEAR FELTS MILLS, N. Y.

Location. At the dam of the Lefevre Paper Co., formerly owned by the Black River 

Traction Co., about 1J miles above the village of Felts Mills. The dam is 9 miles 

upstream from Watertown and 7 miles upstream from the old Huntingtonville 

gaging station.

Records available. February, 1897, to December, 1901, at Huntingtonville dam, 

August 29, 1902, to December 31, 1912, at Felts Mills. Data also in annual reports 

of the State engineer and surveyor, State of New York.

Drainage area. 1,851 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff, attached to a crib at the left-hand side of the stream above the 

mill; correction is made to gage readings for velocity of approach during the high 

water.

Discharge. Previous to August 16, 1910, records were kept of the flow over a dam 

about 100 feet upstream from the paper mill. This dam was of sawed timber 

resting on a limestone foundation and its main crest was 380.6 feet long. During 

the summer of 1910 a new concrete dam was constructed about 100 feet downstream. This dam has a main crest for low and medium stages 300.45 feet long 

and 3.75 feet wide. Upstream face vertical; downstream semiogee section. 

Main crest of dam about 6 feet high. On the right-hand side is an additional section, of greater elevation, 48.2 feet long; on the left-hand side, angling upstream, 

is a section 139.7 feet long, making the total length of the dam for high-water discharge approximately 488.4 feet. A wood-pulp mill constructed at the left-hand 

end of the dam has been in operation since 1907. The mill contains one 45-inch 

and four 72-inch Smith-McCormick turbines. The discharge over the spillways 

has been calculated by means of the weir formula, using coefficients derived from 

experiments by the United States Geological Survey on a dam of similar cross 

section. Record is kept of the hours run and of the gate opening of each wheel as 

well as the head under which the turbines operate.

Winter flow. Affected by ice. No correction attempted.

Artificial control. Power plants and storage above the station.

Accuracy. Results believed to be good for a station of this type.

Cooperation. Records obtained and compulations made by engineers of the New 

York State engineer's department, which furnishes the data to the Survey. 

1572° WSP 324 14 6
82 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Black River near Felts Mitts, N. Y., for 1912.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

6...............

7...............

8..... ..........

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

00

25...... ........

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...... .........

Jan.

3,054 

3,251 

3,340 

3,431 

3,348

2,105 

o2,600 

1,515 

1,986 

2,055

1,635 

1,696 

1,696 

a 2, 405 

1,184

1,957 

1,986 

2,055 

1,725 

2,267

o3,083 

2,492 

3,106 

2,947 

2,647

1,197

2,259 

« 2, 273 

878 

1,942 

1,717

Feb.

1,599 

1,760 

1,798 

al,814 

1,311

2,463 

2,647 

2,647 

2,233 

2,325

a 1,881 

1,619 

2,192 

2,325 

2,325

2,192 

1,942 

a 2, 353 

1,430 

2,128

2,128 

2,064 

2,606 

2,606 

02,827

2,033 

2,606 

2,606 

2,463

Mar.

2,394

2,192 

o2,434 

1,509 

1,826

1,614 

2,105 

1,983 

1,983 

o2,128

1,387 

1,812 

1,812 

1,470 

1,758

1,812 

o3,202 

2,971 

4,669 

5,410

5,525 

5,190 

4,977 

05,294 

3,749

3,919 

3,348 

3,348 

4,385 

5,606 

o8,507

Apr.

7,148 

8,120 

8,120 

8,612 

7,961

11,476 

024, 751 

22,505 

19,643 

17,362

15,234 

12,429 

10,982 

012,565 

11,981

16,179 

24,592 

28,033 

27,574 

22,231

020,180 

14,580 

14,786 

18,242 

19,899

16,410 

13,482 

oil, 629 

11,436 

11,244

May.

10,168 

9,024 

8,120 

7,490 

o6,232

5,606 

5,766 

5,418 

5,529 

4,991

4,653 

a 3, 830 

3,267 

4,385 

5,058

4,480 

4,953 

6,232 

o6,365 

6,499

8,612 

9,980 

10,345 

10,532 

10, 168

a 8, 779 

7,961 

6,499 

7,069 

9,801 

12,029

June.

13,735 

ol3,201 

10, 719 

9,269 

7,490

5,644 

4,480 

3,741 

o3,028 

2,876

3,107 

2,876 

2,381 

2,381 

2,274

ol,916 

1,853 

1,799 

1,399 

2,355

2,469 

1,759 

ol,082 

1,148 

1,435

1,174 

1,367 

1,341 

1,320 

a 931

July.

1,148 

1,116 

1,320 

467 

1,341

1,116 

01,006 

1,367 

1,116 

1,213

1,116 

1,116 

1,116 

o859 

1,514

1,309 

1,116 

1,213 

1,116 

1,083

a 1,160 

1,514 

1,309 

1,367 

1,271

1,224

1,165 

o720 

981 

937 

969

Aug.

951 

951 

741 

0788 

1,159

923 

1,309

1,127 

826 

1,161

a 931 

1,213 

933 

1,358 

1,182

1,161 

1,349 

a 859 

917 

923

923

983 

951 

951 

o931

1,341 

1,341 

1,116 

1,387 

1,399 

1,309

Sept.

al,240 

1,491 

1,435 

1,816 

2,001

1,759 

1,653 

ol,322 

1,399 

1,309

1,361 

1,116 

1,341 

1,341 

ol,240

1,494 

2,355 

2,509 

2,137 

1,876

2,069 

a 1, 491 

1,583 

1,876 

2,069

2,355 

2,753 

2,678 

ol,405 

1,876

Oct.

1,938 

5,467 

3,396 

2,754 

3,053

ol,941 

2,002 

2,075 

2,015 

1,705

1,705 

1,816 

02,035 

2,431 

2,208

2,137 

27002 

1,938 

1,816 

ol,848

2,137 

2,208 

2,069 

1,938 

3,1%

4,748 

o3,508 

4,339 

3,384 

2,840

Nov.

2,355 

2,589 

o2,738 

3,105 

2,754

2,509 

2,355 

5,244 

5,603 

04,216

4,762 

3,983 

3,384 

3,578 

3,880

3,677 

02,844 

3,105 

2,800 

2,714

2,906 

2,631 

2,431 

02,429 

2,714

2,450

2,714 

2,800 

2, 260 

2,097

Dec.

al,405 

2,029 

6,706 

6,444 

6,188

6,315 

6,188 

a5,226 

5,088 

3,778

3,384 

3,197 

2,355 

2,280 

ol,848

2,431

2,280 

2,208 

2,840 

3,197

3,197 

o2,844 

3,015 

2,315 

2,035

2,754 

2,208 

2,137 

«1,082 

1,836 

2,335

o Sunday.

Monthly discharge of Black River near Felts Mills, N. Y., for .1912. 

[Drainage area, 1,851 square miles.]

Month.

April........................................ mj....... .................................

July.... .....................................

Discharge In second-feet.

Maximum.

3,431

2,827 

8,507 

28,033 

12,029 

13, 735 

1,514 

1,399 

2,753 

5,467 

5,603 

6,706

28,033

Minimum.

878 

1,311 

1,387 

7,148 

3,267 

931 

720 

741 

1,116 

1,705 

2,097 

1,082

720

Mean.

2,253 

2,170 

3,236 

15,646 

7,092 

3,685 

1,141 

1,077 

1,745 

2,559 

3,129 

3,263

3,900

Per square 

mile.

1.22 

1.17 

1.75 

8.45 

3.83 

1.99 

.616 

.582 

.943 

1.38 

1.69 

1.76

2.11

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.)

1.41 

1.26 

2.02 

9.43 

4.42 

2.22 

.710 

.671 

1.05 

. 1.59 

1.89 

2.03

28. 701
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO.

MOOSE RIVER AT MOOSE RIVER, N. Y.

Location. In the village of Moose River, about 3 miles downstream from McKeever 

station on the Adirondack division of the New York Central & Hudson River Railroad, 5 miles below the mouth of South Branch of Moose River (coming in from the 

left), and nearly 20 miles above the junction of Black and Moose rivers at Lyons 

Falls.

Records available. June 5, 1900, to December 31, 1912. Data also in annual 

reports of the New York State engineer and surveyor .and State Water Supply 

Commission of New York.

Drainage area. 370 square miles (revised; measured on United States Geological Survey topographic sheets). '

Gage. Staff, in two sections, fastened to the left bank a short distance above cable; 

read twice daily. The elevation of the gage zero was changed February 28, 1903, 

from 15.36 to 15.53.

Channel. Composed of cobble and bowlders; fairly permanent; current smooth; 

depth comparatively uniform. Just above the station is a small island on which 

ice and log jams occasionally form. Velocity from dam at McKeever to the station 

relatively slow; below the station velocity very high.

Discharge measurements. Made from a cable (erected July, 1903), which has a 

clear span of 269 feet.

Artificial control. A timber dam at McKeever is used for power and for the regulation of flow for log driving. During portions of the year, therefore, two gage readings a day may not give a representative mean.

Winter flow. The stream freezes over in winter and is covered with alternate layers 

of ice and snow which render the determination of discharge difficult.

Accuracy. Discharge rating curve for open channel fairly accurate. Published 

data for periods of open water considered good.

Discharge measurements of Moose River at Moose River, N. Y., in 1912.

Date.

Feb. 16«

17o

20

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.90

2.36

6.00

5.75

4.20

Dis- . 

charge.

Sec.-ft. 

310

403

3,710

3,930

2,120

a Measurement made under complete ice cover.

6 Results doubtful, owing to logs interfering with work. Probably backwater effect.
84 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Moose River at Moose River, N. Y.,for 1912. 

[Chris Hannan, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

V... ............

10......*.......

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.2

2 0

2.4

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.6

2.7

2.2

.9

Feb.

0.9

.8

1.9

2.2

2.3

Mar.

2.6

2.5

3.0

3.1

3.1

Apr.

3.9

2.6

3.0

4.6

7.8

8.5

7.5

6.7

5.6

5.4

5.7

9.0

6.4

5.4

5.2

5.4

5.8

5.6

4.7

May.

4.6

4.3

4.6

4.4

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.6

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.9

3.0

2.9

2.S

3.5

3.8

3.8

4.1

4.6

5.0

4.8

4.4

3.9

3.6

3.7

4.0

4.4

5.7

5.0

June.

4.4

3.8

3.3

3.0

2.6

2.3

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.7

1.5

1.2

.85

.00

1.05

1.1

1.35

1.3

1.25

.95

1.05

1.0

.95

.95

.85

.8

.7

.00

July.

0.6

.9

.6

.0

.5

.55

.65

.75

.8

.7

.7

.6

.5

.0

.5

.65

.7

.8

.8

.8

.75

.95

.9

.9

.95

1.0

.9

.25

.6

.8

.8

Aug.

0.8

.7

.9

.9

.8

.9

.8

.8

.7

.7

.8

.8

.8

.75

.9

.8

.7

.9

.8

.65

.5

.0

.6

.65

 .8

1.35

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.1

Sept.

0.25

.65

1.15

1.1

.95

.9

1.05

1.0

1.1

1.0

.9

.85

.0

.6

.95

1.4

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.45

1.35

1.45

1.8

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.2

2.2

1.9

1.6

Oct.

1.6

1.8

1.9

2.0

1.6

1.6

1.45

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.0

2 0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.8

2.0

2.0

2.8

3.8

3.9

3.6

3.4

3.1

3.0

2.8

Nov.

3.0

3.6

3.4

3.2

2.8

2.5

3.5

4.9

4.7

4.1

3.1

2.8

2.4

2.2

2.8

2.8

2.4

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.9

Dec.

1.8

2.8

4.1

4.0

3.4

2.8

2.4

2.0

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.4

2.2

1.9

1.8

1.8

2.2

2.4

2.2

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.4

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 9 to Apr. 12.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Moose River at Moose River, N. Y.,for 1912.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1,150

1,020

965

910

800

700

610

595

Feb. Mar. Apr.

910

1,150

2,500

6,220

7,060

5,860

4,900

3,580

3,360

3,700

7,660

4.540

3,360

3,140

3,360

3,820

3,580

2,600

May.

2,500

2,210

2,500

2,300

2,120

1,940

1,760

1,760

1,590

1,290

1,150

1,150

1,080

1,150

1,080

1,080

1,510

1,760

1,760

2,030

2,500

2,920

2,700

2,300

1,850

1.590

1,670

1,940

2,300

3,700

2,920

June.

2,300

1,760

1,360

1,150

910

750

800

700

610

610

570

500

435

345

252

90

302

315

390

375

360

278

302

290

278

278

252

240

215

90

July.

195

265

195

90

175

185

205

228

240

> 215

215

195

175

90

175

205

215

 240

240

240

228

278

265

265

278

290

265

128

195

240

240

Aug.

240

215

265

265

240

265

240

240

215

215

240

240

240

228

265

240

215

265

240

205

175

90

195

205

240

390

315

290

290

315

228

Sept.

128

205

330

315

278

265

302

290

315

290

265

252

90

195

278

405

535

465

465

420

390

420

535

610

610

610

700

700

570

465

Oct.

465

535

570

610

465

465

420

405

375

405

435

465

535

610

610

610

570

535

535

570

535

610

610

1,020

1,760

1,850

1,590

1,430

1,220

1,150

1,020

Nov.

1,150

1,590

1,430

1,290

1,020

855

1,510

2,810

2,600

2,030

1,220

1,020

800

700

1,020

1,020

800

610

610

610

610

610

610

610

610

570

610

535

535

570

Dec.

535

1,020

2,030

1,940

1,430

1,020

800

610

500

465

465

535

570

610

700

800

800

700

570

535

535

700

800

700

800

800

700

610

700

800

800

NOTE. Daily discharge Jan. 1-8 and Apr. 13 to Dec. 31 determined from a well-defined rating curve.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO -LAKE' ONTARIO. 85

Monthly discharge of Moose River at Moose River, N. Y.,for 1912.

\ 

[Drainage area, 370 square miles.]

Month.

January.. . ..............................

March. ..................................

April....................................

July.....................................

November ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1.150 

440 

640 

7,660 

3,700 

2.300 

290 

390 

700 

1,850 

2,810 

2,030

7,660

Minimum.

130 

115 

440 

680 

1,080 

90 

90 

90 

90 

375 

535 

465

90

Mean.

482 

268 

535 

2,700 

1,940 

570 

215 

242 

390 

741 

1.020 

793

824

Per 

square 

mile.

1.30

.724 

1.45 

7.30 

5.24 

1.54 

.581 

.654 

1.05 

2.00 

2.76 

2.14

2.23

Bun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.50 

.78 

1.67 

8.14 

6.04 

1.72 

.67 

.75 

1.17 

2.31 

3.08 

2.47

30.30

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

NOTE. Discharge Jan. 8 to Apr. 12 estimated by means of an ice rating curve, observer's notas, and 

climatologic records.

MIDDLE BRANCH OF MOOSE RIVER AT OLD FORGE, N. Y.

Location. About 300 feet below the highway bridge in Old Forge and about 400 feet 

below the dam.

Records available. November 9, 1911, to December 31, 1912; published also in 

annual report of New York State Conservation Commission.

Drainage area. 51.5 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff, graded to feet and tenths, reading from 1 foot to 7 feet, spiked 

to birch tree on left bank of stream 300 feet below highway bridge.

Channel. Fairly straight from dam to a point about 200 feet below the gage, where 

the river turns abruptly to the right and flows over a rock reef, which is the control 

point for the gage. Channel fairly uniform from dam to point of control. Right 

bank high and wooded; left bank from the highway bridge to within about 50 feet 

of the gage, defined by a stone wall about 3 feet above ordinary low water.

Discharge measurements. Made from the highway bridge at high stages and by 

wading opposite the fish hatchery at medium and low stages.

Winter flow. The river is kept open throughout the year by the State fish hatchery 

just above the station.

Accuracy. Rating curve fairly well developed. Estimates good.

Discharge measurements of Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y., in 1912.

Date.

Jan. 26

Apr. 19«

19«

Hydrographer.

G. H. Canfleld........................................................:...

C. S. De Golyer... .......................................................

.... .do. ...................................................................

height.

Feet. 

1.20

3.61

3.96

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

174

142

342

Backwater at gage from North Branch of Moose River.
86 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y.,for 1912.

[Vernon S. Ervin, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

5...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8.. .............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.75

2.75

2.75

2.75

2.70

2.70

2.70

1.85

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.68

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.35

1.68

1.00

1.05

1.10

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.20

Feb.

1.20

1.90

2.60

2.60

2.60

1.9

1.2

1.2

1.65

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.25

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.34

2.32

2.32

2.32

2.32

2.32

Mar.

2.32

2.32

2.32

2.32

2.30

2.30

2 ^4ft

2.30

2.30

2.29

2.28

2.28

2.28

2.28

2.28

2.28

2.28

2.25

2.25

1.68

1.00

1 00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1 00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1 00

Apr.

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1 00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.02

1.15

1.21

1.44

1.74

2.55

4.1

4.4

4.1

4.0

3.6

4.4

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.8

May.

3.4

3.0

2.7

2.0

1.85

2.3

2.7

2.7

2.3

2.0

2.2

2.45

2 7

2.45

2.2

2.45

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

3.2

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.4

 * n

2.05

1.10

2.5

3.9

3.9

June.

3.6

2.75

2.65

2.0

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.45

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.45

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.45

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

July.

1.42

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1 7"?

1.75

1.88

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

Aug.

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.96

1.92

1.46

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.92

1.92

1.92

2.01

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

Sept.

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

Oct.

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.3

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

Nov.

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

Dec.

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

NOTE. No backwater from ice during 1912. High water in the North Branch caused backwater at the 

gage Apr. 17 to 19.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO. 87

Daily discharge, in'second-feet, of Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y.,

for 1912.

Day.

1...... .........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

204

204

204

204

195

195

195

66

10

10

10

49

135

135

135

135

135

iiS

135

135

135

49

10

12

13

17

17

17

17

17

17

Feb.

17

72

177

177

177

72

17

1?

46

98

98

98

98

220

143

143

143

143

143

135

135

135

135

133

130

130

130

130

130

Mar.

130

130

130

130

127

127

127

127

126

124

124

124

124

124

124

124

220

220

49

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

Apr.

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

11

15

18

30

55

168

342

500

342

451

368

409

538

626

582

538

494

472

451

409

May.

328

251

195

84

66

127

195

195

127

84

112

152

195

152

112

152

195

195

195

213

289

388

409

328

251

91

13

160

430

430

June.

368

204

186

84

61

61

61

61

.61

61

61

61

30

11

13

13

30

61

61

61

61

30

11

13

13

11

13

11

11

13

July.

28

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

56

70

84

84

84

84

84

84

84

84

84

Aug.

84

84

84

84

84

84

84

84

84

84

84

84

79

74

31

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

74

74

74

85

98

98

98

98

98

Sept.

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

Oct.

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

i 98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

127

152

152

152

152

152

152

152

Nov.

152

152

152

152

152

152

152

152

152

152

152

152

152

152

152

152

152

152

152

152

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

Dec.

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

143

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve fairly well denned below 250 second-feet. Discharge Apr. 17 to 19 estimated from two discharge measurements and flow over dam because of backwater

Monthly discharge of Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y.,for 

[Drainage area, 51.5 square miles.]

Month.

March ...................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

204 

220 

220 

626 

430 

368 

84 

98 

98 

152 

152 

143

626

Minimum.

10 

17 

10 

10 

13 

13 

28 

10 

98 

98 

143 

143

10

Mean.

95.1

118 

88.6 

231 

, 210 

60.2 

63.7 

66.4 

98.0 

111 

149 

143

119

Per 

square 

mile.

1.85 

2.29 

1.72 

4.49 

4.08 

1.17 

1.24 

1.29 

1.90 

2.15 

2.90 

2.78

2.31

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.13

2.47 

1.98 

5.01 

4.70 

1.30 

1.43 

1.49 

2.12 

2.49 

3.24 

3.20

31.56

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.
SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1912, PABT IV.

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. IiAWRENCE RIVER.

OSWEGATCHEB RIVER NEAR OGDENSBTJRGr, N. Y.

Location. At the steel highway bridge known locally as Eel Weir bridge, about 

1 mile below the mouth of the outlet of Black Lake and 5J miles above the city 

of Ogdensburg and the mouth of the river.

Records available. April 22, 1903, to December 31, 1912^ Data published also 

in annual reports of the State Water Supply Commission, State Conservation Commission, and State engineer and surveyor, State of New York.

Drainage area. 1,580 square miles.

Gage. Chain, fastened to the upstream side of the bridge; read once daily; datum 

unchanged.

Channel. Rocky and partly artificial, the rock having been removed underneath 

the bridge by blasting to increase the bridge opening.

Discharge measurements. Usually made from the bridge. None made during 

1912.

Artificial control. Two dams in the vicinity of the gage: One at Heuvelton, about 5 

miles above; one at Rensselaer Falls, 10 miles above.

Winter flow. Not affected by ice, as the current at the station is swift.

Accuracy. Rating curve fairly well developed; open-water curve used throughout 

the year.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y.,for 191%. 

[Joseph H. La Eue, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

14. ..............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27. ..............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

6.4

6.2

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.7

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.1

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

A. Q

4.9

4.9

4 Q

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

Feb.

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4,7

A. 7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.8

4.8

4.9

A Q

4.9

4.9

Mar.

4.9 4 9

A Q

4.8

A Q

4.8

4.8

A. fi

4.8

4 7

A. 7

4.7

4.7

4.7

A 7

4.8

4.8

A Q

4.9

5.2

5.9

6.4

6.3

6.3

fi 9

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.4

6.7

Apr.

7.2

7

e

7.6

7.7

7

0

8.2

8.7

9 ft

9

0

9 a

9.8

a ft

9 9

Q n

8.8

S.4

8.2

8.2

8.2

Q 1

8.0

8.0

7

0

7.6

7.6

7.5

7.4

7.2

7.0

6.7

May.

6.5

6.4

6.3

6.2

6.0

5.85

5.8

5.8

5.75

S fiK

5.6

5.4

5.5

5.55

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.55

5.75

5 QH

6.4

6.4

6.8

6.9

7.0

7.2

7.1

7.0

7.0

7.0

7.6

June.

8.1

8.4

8.7

8.6

8.4

8.4

8.0

7.6

7.2

7.0

6.8

6.7

6.6

6.2

6.1

6.0

6.0

K Q

5.85

5.65

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.1

5.05

5.0

5.0

July.

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

A Q

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.6

4.5

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.55

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

Aug.

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.7

A 7

A 7

4.7

4.7

4.65

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

A fi

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.65

4.7

Sept.

4.8

4.8

4.85

4.9

4

Q

4.9

4.9

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

A Q

5.05

5.2

5.3

5.3

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.45

5.4

5.4

Oct.

5.4

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.45

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.5

5.8

5.85

5.95

6.2

6.0

Nov.

6.0

& Q

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.7

5.7

5 Q

6.2

6.6

6.8

6.9

6.9

7-1

7.2

7.2

7.3

7.3

7.2

7.1

6.8

6.7

6.6

6.6

6.6

 6.4

6.4

6.2

6.2

6.1

Dec.

6.1

6.1

6.2

7.2

7.6

7.9

7.7

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.4

7.1

7.0

6.9

6.8

6.7

6.6

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.6

6.4

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.2

NOTE. Relation ol gage height to discharge at this station not materially affected by ice.
STBEAMS TBIBUTABY TO ST. LAWBENCE BIVEB. 89 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oswegatchie River near Ogdensbiirg, N. Y., for 1912.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24. ..............

25. ..............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

4,600

4,020

3,440

3 160

2 son

2,640

2,640

2,400

2,400

2,180

2,180

2,180

1,970

1,770

1,770

1,570

1,380

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

Fab.

1,030

870

870

870

870

870

870

870

870

870

870

870

720

720

720

720

720

720

720

720

720

720

720

870

870

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

Mar.

1,030

1,030

870

870

870

870

870

720

720

720

720

720

720

870

870

1,030

1,030

1,570

3,160

4,600

4,310

4,310

4,020

4,OfiO

4,020

4,020

4,020

4,600

5,480

Apr.

6,960

7,850

8,150

S

Atin

8,750

9,960

11,500

14,300

14,900

15,200

14,900

14,300

13,000

12,400

11,800

10,600

9,960

9,960

9,960

9,660

9,350

9,350

8,750

8,150

8,150

7,850

7,550

6,960

6,360

5,480

May.

4,890

4 600

4,310

4,020

3 440

3,020

2

QQA

2,890

2,760

2,520

2 400

1,970

2,180

2,290

1,970

1,770

1,770

2,290

2,760

3,300

4,600

4,600

5,780

6,070

6,360

6,960

6,660

6,360

6,360

6,360

8,150

June.

9,660

10 600 n'soo

11,200

10,600

10,600

9 OKA

8,150

6,960

6,360

5,780

5,480

5,180

4,020

3,730

3,440

3,440

3,160

3,020

2,520

2,180

2,180

1,970

1,770

1,570

1,570

1,380

1,290

1,200

1,200

July.

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,030

870

Q7ft

Q7ft

870

720

720

720

580

580

580

450

450

450

580

450

580

450

450

450

450

450

515

580

580

580

580

Aug.

580

BOA

580

eon

580

580

580

580

720

720

720

720

720

650

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

650

720

Sept.

870

870

950

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,290

1,570

1,770

1,770

1,970

1,970

1,9170

2,080

1,970

1,970

Oct.

1,970

2,180

1,970

1,970

1,970

2,080

1,970

1,770

1,770

1,770

1,770

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,770

2,180

2,890

3,020

3,300

4,020

a, 440

Nov.

3,440

3,160

2,890

2,890

2,890

2,640

2 640

3^160

4,020

5,180

5,780

6,070

6,070

6,660

6,960

6,960

7,250

7,250

6,960

6,660

5,780

5,480

5,180

5,180

5,180

4,600

4,600

4,020

4,020

3,730

Dee.

3,730

3,730

4,020

6,960

8,150

9,050

8,450

8,150

8,150

8,150

7,550

6,660

6,360

6,070

5,780

5,480

5,180

4,890

4,890

4,890

4,890

5,180

4,600

4,310

4,020

4,020

4,020

3,730

3,730

3,730

4,020

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a fairly well-defined rating curve.

Monthly discharge of Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y.. for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 1,580 square miles.]

Month.

March..................................

April. ..................................

May

June. ...................................

July....................................

October. ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,600 

1,030 

5,480 

15,200 

8,150 

11,500 

1,200 

720 

2,080 

4,020 

7,250 

9,050

15,200

Minimum.

1,030 

720 

720 

5,480 

1,770 

1,200 

450 

580 

870 

1,570 

2,640 

3,730

450

Mean.

1,880 

841 

2,080 

10,000 

4,070 

5,040 

686 

612 

1,320 

2,010 

4,910 

5,570

3,240

Per 

square 

mile.

1.1.9 

.532 

1.32 

6.33 

2.58 

3.19 

.434 

.387 

.835 

1.27 

3.11 

3.53

2.05

Run-ofl 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.37 

.57 

1.52 

7.06 

2.97 

3.56 

.50 

.45 

.93 

1.46 

3.47 

4.07

27.93

Accuracy.

B. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A.
SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET IV.

EAST BRANCH OF OSWEGATACHIE RIVER AT NEWTON FALLS, N. Y.

Location. Six hundred feet below the lower dam of the Newton Falls Paper Co., in 

the village of Newton Falls; 4 miles above the mouth of Little River (coming in 

from the left) and 10 miles below the outlet of Cranberry Lake.

Records available. October 6 to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 166 square miles, of which 12.8 square miles is water surface in 

Cranberry Lake.

Gage. A staff set vertically in a concrete pier; read twice daily.

Channel. One channel at all stages; bed consists of small bowlders and gravel, 

covered with waste from the pulp mill above.

Discharge measurements. At low stages made by wading 100 yards above the 

gage; at high stages, from a cable and car 30 feet above the gage.

Winter flow. No information; effect of ice is probably diminished by the operation 

of the paper mill.

Artificial control. The dams of the paper mill cause some daily fluctuation probably not enough to affect the accuracy of the records. Seasonal flow is largely 

controlled by a dam at Cranberry Lake and the range of gage heights will probably 

not be more than 5 feet.

Accuracy. A well-defined discharge curve has been developed for ordinary stages. 

No high-water measurements have yet been made. Estimates good.

Cooperation. Gage heights furnished by the Newton Falls Paper Co.

Discharge -measurements of East Branch of Oswegatchie River at Newton Falls, N. Y.,

in 1912.

Date.

Oct. 60

9

Dec. 16

16

Hydrographer.

C. S. De Golyer.. .........................................................

.....do....................................................................

Frank Weber. ............................................................

height.

Feet, 

0.30

1.95

2.95

2.57

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

41.4

276

558

454

o Made by wading 400 feet above gage.

Daily gage height, in feet, of East Branch of Oswegatchie River at Newton Falls, N. Y.,

for 1912.

[Chas. H. Corp, observer.] t

Day.

1............

2............

3............

4............

5............

6............

7............

8............

9............

10............

Oct.

0.30

2.1

2.2

1.8

1.75

Nov.

1.8

a 1

.60

2.35

2.2

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.1

2.35

Dec.

0.58

2.25

2.8

2.8

2.6

9 Si

2.6

2.0

2.6

2.6

Day.

11............

12............

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

Oct.

9 n

1.8

.40

2.25

2.1

1 Q

1.7

1.65

1.65

.52

Nov.

2.6

2.45

2.5

2.6

2.5

2.35

1.6

2.6

2.4

2.2

Dec.

9 R

2.6

2.6

2.5

1.5

2 7

2.4

2.4

2.6

2.5

Day.

21............

22............

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............ 

31............

Oct.

2.25

2.2

2.1

1.85

1.65

1.7

.55

2.3

2.1

2.05 

1.8

Nov.

2 1

2.3

2.4

.52

2.4

9 A

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.1

Dec.

2.4

1.7

2.7

2.4

2.4

9 A

2.3

2 25

1.4

2.7 

2-4

NOTE. Mean daily gage height obtained by weighting individual observations according to the number 

of hours for which each one applies, as determined from observer's notes concerning operation of mill and 

sluce gates.
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 91

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch of Oswegatchie River at Newton Falls,

N, Y, for 1912.

Day.

L... ........

2............

3............

4............

5............

6............

7............

8............

9............

10............

Oct.

42

314

340

244

233

Nov.

244

314

65

380

340

290

290

266

314

380

Dec.

63

353

512

512

452

512

452

290

452

452

Day.

11............

12............

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19

20............

Oct.

290

244

49

353

314

2fi6

222

212

91 9

59

Nov.

452

408

422

452

J.99

380

452

394

 3A()

i>ec.

452

452

452

422

183

482

394

394

452

422

Day.

21............

22............

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

Oct.

353

340

314

255

212

222

61

366

314

302

244

Nov.

314

366

394

59

394

^cu

327

314

314

314

Dec.

394

222

482

394

394

394

366

353

165

482

394

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve.

Monthly discharge of East Branch of Oswegatchie River at Newton Falls, N. Y., for 1912.

[Drainage area, 166 square miles.]

Month.

October 6-31............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

366 

452 

512

Minimum.

42 

59 

63

Mean.

245 

333 

393

Per 

square 

mile.

1.48 

2.01 

2.37

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.43 

2.24 

2.37

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A.

BAGUETTE RIVER AT RAQTJETTE FALLS, NEAR COREYS, N. Y.

Location. Six miles above Axton, which is 2J miles south of Coreys, 5 miles below

the outlet of Long Lake and 2 miles below the mouth of Moose Creek. 

Records available. August 27, 1908, to November 10, 1912. Published also in

annual reports of New York State Water-Supply Commission and New York State

engineer and surveyor. 

Drainage area. 418 square miles. 

Gage. A staff fastened to the right bank in a comparatively smooth section between

two small falls; read once during the open-water period and weekly during the ice

period; datum unchanged since station was established.

Channel. Rough, composed of large bowlders; permanent; one channel at all stages. 

Discharge measurements. Made from a car and cable about 10'feet above the

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge somewhat affected by ice. 

Accuracy. Open-water discharge curve well defined: log jams liable to occur.
92 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV. ' 

Discharge measurements of Raquette River at Raquette Falls, near Coreys, N. Y., in 191%.

Date.

Feb. 19o

Apr. 16

17

25

May 18»

196

July 18

1818c

Sept. 12

12

Hydrographer.

Frank Weber. ...........................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

G.H.Canfleld. ..........................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.04

5.25

5.75

6.55

4.87

4.68

1.42

1.42

1.41

2.11

2.11

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

251

2,560

3,400

4,260

1,850

1,680

124

130

125

280

286

o Measurements made under complete ice cover.

6 Logjam below gage.

c Wading 2 miles below gage.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Raquette River at Raquette Falls, near Coreys, N. Y.,

for 1912.

[C. A. De Lancett, observer.)

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Jan.

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.2

s i

2.9

3.6

3.3

Feb.

2.4

2.2

2.04

1.8

Mar.

2.2

1.4

1.8

2.3

2.4

Apr.

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.7

2.8

s n

3.5

3 Q

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.6

5.1

5.8

6.0

6.3

fi 9

6.1

6.3

6.7

6.7

6.5

6.5

6.0

6.0

5.8

May.

5.7

5.6

5.4

5.2

5.0

4 Q

4.9

d Q

4.9

4.9

5.0

5.0

5.1

4.9

4.8

4.6

4.6

4.7

4.7

4.7

5.2

5.7

5.7

5.6

5.6

5.3

5.3

5.1

4.9

5.2

5.1

June.

5.1

5.1

4.9

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

July.

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.8

1 Q

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.40

1.6

1.5

1.7

1.55

1.42

1.42

1.38

1.38

' 2.0

1.85

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.42

1.50

1.45

1.41

Aug.

1.4

1.38

1.5

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.6

1.6

1.6

2.1

2.0

1.9 1.'8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

2.15

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.7

Sept.

1.6

2.0

2 1

2.3

2.2

2

E

2.5

9 Ht\

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

1 Q

1.9

9 *

2. '4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.45

2.5

2.55

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.65

2.6

2.6

Oct.

2.7

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.45

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.45

2.5

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.85

2.9

2.9

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.35

3.35

Nov.

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.5

4.0

3.9

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 7 to Mar. 18, but as the velocity at this 

station is relatively high the eflect of ice is not great. A log jam caused backwater at the gage May 6 to 

May 25.
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 93

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Raquette River at Raqiiette Falls, near Coreys, N. Y.,

far 1912.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7. .........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11........:.

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

97

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Jan.

1,200

1,120

1,040

1,040

970

830

800

770

74n

700

670

630

600

560

530

570

610

650

690

740

780

820

800

780

760

74ft

79ft

690

650

610

570

Feb.

530

490

450

400

355

350

345

340

335

330

325

320

315

305

300

295

295

251

ooe

205

ion

205

220

235

OKA

265

280

Mar.

295

270

245

220

195

170

145

115

125

14ft

1 Cft

160

170

180

ion

210

230

ozn

°oft

315

339

343

348

qco

357

362

367

372

372

372

Apr.

372

. 407

407

484

528

626

920

1.220

1,650

1,850

1,850

1,750

1,750

1,750

1,850

2,440

3,380

S fifift

4,100

4,100

3 940

4,100

4 740

4 740

4,420

4,420

3,660

3,660

3,380

May.

3,240

3,100

2,560

2,320

1,880

1,880

1,880

1 880

1^880

2

flAA

2

AAA

2,100

1,880

1,780

1 600

1,600

1,690

1,690

1 690

2,200

2,800

2

onn

2,670

2,670

2,680

2 fiftn

2 440

2,200

2,560

June.

2,440

2,200

1,960

1 QKrt

1,750

1,650

1,470

1 380

1,300

1,220

1,140

i nm

990

920

854

7QO

678

626

576

COO

484

444

407 079

O9Q

OOft

9*9

226

July.

9fi*>

180

180

OAO

202

180

159

140

159

190

I'M

140

180

126

126

120

120

252

214

180

I'M

150

140

126

140

 toe

Aug.

120

140

180

180

1 CQ

1 CQ

150

1 CQ

1 CQ

159

Ofifl

OKO

226

ono

180

I'M

159

159

1 v>

140

140

140

159

180

202

294

280

226

180

Sept.

1 t\Q

280

OQQ

OAQ

407

407

oce

OrtQ

280

280

o co

oeo

OOft

226

407 079

079

372

070

qnn

426

444

444

464

444

444

Oct.

484

528

506

484

464

444

444

426

407

390

079

onn

OQft

372

070

372

390

4ft7

576

coo

528

552

576

576

734

734

7Q9

792

792

823

823

Nov.

854

854

854

854

920

920

920

1,380

1,300

1,220

NOTE. Daily discharge determined as follows: Jan. 1 to 6, from a well-defined rating curve; Mar. 19 to 

May 5 and May 26 to Dec. 31, from a fairly well-defined curve; May 6 to 25, from a rating curve based on 

two measurements made while the log jam existed; for the period during which ice was present, Jan. 7 to 

Mar. 18, estimated by means of a rating curve based on one measurement made with ice present, and the 

shape of the open-water rating curves. Discharge interpolated for days on which gage was not read.

Monthly discharge of Raquette River at Raquette Falls, near Coreys, N. Y.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 418 square miles.]

Month.

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,200 

530 

372 

4,740 

3,240 

2,440 

252 

294 

464 

823 

1,380

Minimum.

530 

190 

115 

372 

1,600 

226 

120 

120 

159 

372 

854

Mean.

754 

308 

255 

2,530 

2,250 

1,030 

162 

182 

353 

531 

1,010

Per 

square 

mile.

1.80 

.737 

.610 

6.05 

5.38 

2.46 

.388 

.435 

.844 

1.27 

2.42

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.08 

.79 

.70 

6.75 

6.20 

2.74 

.45 

.50 

.94 

1.46 

.90

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.
94 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

RAQTTETTE RIVER AT PIERCEFIELD, N. Y.

Location. About three-fourths mile above the head of Black Rapids and half a'mile 

below the dam of the International Paper Co. at Piercefield.

Records available. August 20, 1908, to December 31, 1912. Data also in annual 

reports of the State Water-Supply Commission and the State engineer and surveyor-, State of New York.

Drainage area. 723 square miles.

Gage. A chain gage fastened to a large stump installed September 4,1910, to replace 

the vertical staff which was fastened to the same stump and was used from August 

20,1908, to September 3,1910. The datum of the chain gage was the same as that 

of the original staff gage; from January 1,1911, to December 31,1912, the datum of 

the chain gage was 2 feet lower. During 1912, a Stevens automatic gage was installed in a galvanized sheet-iron house (4 by 6 feet inside dimensions). The 

instrument is set over a concrete well 3J feet square (inside dimensions) and 15 

feet deep. The well is connected with the river by a 4-inch cast-iron water pipe 

60 feet long. A shear gate valve is set at the inner end of the pipe for use in 

cleaning the well. The outer end of the pipe terminates in a concrete box 1 foot 

square (inside dimensions) connected with the river by three small intake pipes, 

2 inches in diameter, their outer ends protected with a screen. The river at 

this point contains a considerable amount of wood pulp, and this special construction was deemed necessary to keep the pulp out of the intake pipe. The 

station is shown in Plate III, B (p. 96).

Channel. The channel opposite the gage is a deep pond in which velocity is not 

perceptible. The control of this pond is at the head of Black Rapids and is permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from a cable (span 171 feet) at the section formerly used for boat measurements just above Black Rapids..

Winter flow. The rapids controlling the stream at the gage rarely freeze and measurements made with ice present indicate that the relation between gage height 

and discharge is little if at all affected by ice. Open-water discharge rating 

curve is usually applicable throughout the year.

Artificial control. The dam of the International Paper Co. controls the flow of the 

stream at the station during low-water periods, but the mill is usually run for 24 

hours each day, except Sundays. The numerous lakes in the upper part of the 

drainage basin afford considerable storage, most of which is controlled.

Accuracy. Although the discharge at this station is somewhat affected by artificial 

control, the records are believed to be good; with automatic gage, they should 

be excellent.

Cooperation. The recording gage is attended by an employee of the International 

Paper Co.

Discharge measurements of Raquette River at Ptercefield, N. Y., in 1912.

Date.

Feb. 20»

Oct. 25

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

G. H. Canfield.. ..........................................................

Frank Weber.............................................................

Gage 

height.

Fed. 

5.38

4 go

3.80

5.50

Discharge.

Sec.Jt. 

1,030

454

424

1,110

a Made under complete ice cover li miles below gage.
STEEAMS TBIBUTABY TO ST. LAWBENCE BIVER. 95

Daily gage height, in feet, of Baguette River at Piercefield, N. Y.,for 1912. 

[W. B. Graves, observer.]

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

7.1

6.9

6.9

7.1

6.8

6.6

6.6

6.4

5.8

5.2

5.5

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.4

4.4

3.8

3.8

. O

3.8

5.0

5.2

5.2

5.2

2.75

5.2

5.3

5.4

Feb.

4.5

4.6

4.5

2.25

4.6

4.6

4.4

4.4

4.5

4.4

2.25

4.6

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.5

2.0

4.4

4.5

4.5

» O

4.5

4.5

1.9

2.05

4.4

4.4

4.4

.......

Mar.

4.4

4.3

1.7

1.85

4.1

4.2

4.3

4

0

4.3

1.6

1.9

4.0

4 9

4.3

4.3

4.3

1.65

1.75

4.2

4 O

4.1

4.1 

4.1

1.7

2.05

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.0

Apr.

4 9

4.3

4.3

4 1

4.4

4

0

3.8

4

O

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.9

4

0

4.8

5.6

6.0

6.8

6.8

7 9

7.5

7.2

. 1

8.6

9

n

9

c

9 7

10.5

9

0

10.7

11.4

May.

10.6

10.5

10.3

10 4

9

0

9 1

9

1

8

Q

8.8

8.8

8.6

7.8

1 O

7.8

7.7

7.6

7.6

7.4

7.5

7.4

7.2

7.3 

7.2

7 9

7.1

6.4

6.8

7 9

7.5

7.4

7.3

June.

7 9

7.0

7.2

7.2

7 9

7 9

7 9

7.1

6.8

7.2

6.8

6.8

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.2

6.5

6.3

6.4

6

O

6.0

6.0 

4.6

5.5

6.2

5.8

Q

* *

5.5

2.45

July.

4.4

4.2

4.2

4 O

A O

4 q

2.6

4. 9

3.6

3.4

4

0

3.1

2.9

1.88

3.7

3.6

3.6

1.75

1.5

1.4

3.45 

3.8

3

0

3.8

1.85

1.8

1.55

3.6

3.8

3.8

Aug.

3.8

3.5

2.0

1.55

3.25

3

0

3.8

3

0

3.6

2.75

1.55

3.5

3

0

3.8

3.8

0 A

2.8

1.65

3.5

3

0

3.8

. 0

3.7

2 7>;

1.55

0 0

3 Q

3.8

1 7

3.8

3.8

Sept.

2.1

1.4

3.3

3.9

4.0

4.0

4.1

2.7

3.8

4.3

4 9

4.1

4.1

4.2

2.8

3.8

4.0

4.1

4

O

4.0

3.8

4.1

4.2

A. 9

4.1

4 9

2.85

4.0

Oct.

3.35'

3.6

4.6

5.1

5.3

3.1

4.1

5.7

5.4

5.2

5.4

5.2 1 7

5.6

5.2

5.4

5.3

5.6

5.2

2 Q

5.4

5.4 

5.6

5.3

5.0

5.2

3.1

5.6

5.4

5.5

5.4

Nov.

5.8

5.8

4.4

6.0

5.9

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

5.5

6.4

7.2

7.3

7.2

7.2

7.2

6.6

7.4

7.6

7.8

7.6

7.4

6.2

6.5

6.6

6.5

6.6

6.5

6.4

Dec.

6.2

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.3

6.3

6.2

6.0

6.1

6.2

6.4

6.2

6.2

6.1

5.8

6.2

6.3

6.3

6.2

6.3

6.2

4.7

4.8

4.8

4.8

5.5

5.8

5.8

5.0

5.4

5.8

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge at this station not affected by ice.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofRaquette River at Piercefield, N. Y.,for 1912. 

[Automatic gage.]

Day.

1.. .......... 

2............ 

3............ 

4............ 

5............

6............ 

7............

8............

10............

Oct.

 - 

......

Nov.

5.67 

5.82 

4.73 

5.87 

5.96

5.89 

5.92

5.91

6.23

6.40

Dec.

6.16 

6.32 

6.36 

6.40 

6.45

6.46

6.78

6.23

6.60

6.49

Day.

11............ 

12............ 

13............ 

14............ 

15............

16............ 

17............

18............

19............

20............

Oct.

::::::

......

Nov.

6.96 

7.01 

7.03 

7.09 

7.19

7.18 

6.99

7.33

7.25

7.12

Dec.

6.47 

6.44 

6.42 

6.15 

6.16

6.30 

6.21

6.20

6.15

6.14

Day.

21............ 

22............ 

23............ 

24............ 

25............

26............ 

27............

28............

29............

30............ 

31............

Oct.

"s.'os"

5.35 

5.15 

5.04

5.37 

3.66

4.72

5.46

5.48 

5.56

Nov.

7.13 

6.65 

6.88 

6.44 

6.85

6.67 

6.60

6.54

6.43

6.32

Dec.

6.10 

5.55 

5.68 

5.77 

5.46

5.95 

6.00

5.99

5.07

5.88 

5.94

NOTE. Maan daily gage height obtained by averaging hourly readings for each 24-hour period.
96 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Raquette River at Piercefield, N Y.,for 1912.

Day.

1...............

2.. .............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

81...............

Jan.

2,290

2,110

2,110

2,290

2,020

1,860

1,860

1,700

1,280

940

1,100

1,280

1,280

1,280

1,280

1,280

1,280

1,040

615

425

425

425

425

850

940

940

940

169

940

990

1,040

Feb.

650

690

650

110

690

690

615

615

650

615

110

fion

730

690

690

650

650

88

615

650

650

650

650

650

80

92

615

615

615

Mar.

615

580

64

76

515

545

580

580

580

57

80

485

545

580

580

580

60

68

IU.PI

545

515

515

515

64

92

515

515

515

t./!**

580

485

Apr.

545

580

580

580

615

580

425

545

690

690

690

810

770

770

1,160

1,420

2,020

2,020

2,380

2,650

2,380

3,250

3

7CA

4,200

4,900

5,020

5,980

5,140

6,220

May.

6,100

5,980

5,740

5,860

4,430

4,320

4,320

3,980

3,980

3,980

3,760

2,950

3,050

2,950

2,850

2,750

2,750

2,560

2 AC A

2,560

2,380

2,470

2,380

2,290

1,700

2,380

2,650

2,560

2,470

June.

2,380

2,200

2,380

2,380

2,380

2,380

2,380

2,290

2,020

2,380

2,020

2,020

1,860

1,860

1,860

1,560

1,780

1,630

1,700

1,560

1,420

1,420

690

1,100

1,560

1,280

1,280

1,100

1,100

130

July.

615

545

545

545

545

580

147

545

369

316

545

244

196

78

141

397

369

369

68

50

11

329

425

425

425

76

72

54

369

425

425

Aug.

425

342

88

54

278

425

425

425

369

169

54

342

425

425

425

316

177

60

OAO

425

425

425

397

169

54

290

455

425

397

425

425

Sept.

96

44

290

455

485

485

515

161

425

580

545

515

515

545

177

425

485

515

 515

545

485

316

425

515

545

545

515

545

186

485

Oct.

303

369

690

895

990

244

515

1,220

1,040

940

1,040

940

290

1,100

940

1 nan

990

1,160

940

196

1,040

1,040

1,160

990

850

940

244

1,160

i run

1,100

1,040

Nov.

1,280

1,280

615

1,420

1,350

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,100

1,700

2,470

2,380

2,380

2,380

1,860

2,560

2,750

2,950

2,750

2,560

2,560

1,560

1,780

1,860

i 7sn

1,860

1,780

1,700

Dec.

1,560

1,630

1,560

1,560

1,630

1,630

1,560

1,420

1,490

1,560

1,700

1,560

1,560

1,490

1,280

1,560

1,630

1,630

1,560

1,630

1,560

730

770

770

770

1,100

1,280

1,280

850

1,040

1,280

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y.,for 1912.

[Automatic gage.]

Day.

1............

2............

3............

4............

5............

6............

7............

8............

9............

10............

Oct. Nov.

1,200

1,290

740

1,330

1,390

1,340

1 360

1,360

1,580

1,700

Dec.

1,530

1,640

1,670

1,700

1,740

1,750

9 ftnn

1,580

1,860

1,770

Day.

11............

12............

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

Oct. Nov.

2,160

2,210

2,230

2,280

2,370

2,360

2,190

2,500

2,420

2,310

Dec.

1,760

1,730

1,720

1,520

1,530

1,630

1,570

1,560

1,520

1,520

Day.

21............

22............

23 .........

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

Oct.

886

1,020

918

868

1,020

386

738

1,080

1,090

1,140

Nov.

2,320

1,900

2,090

1,730

2,060

1,920

1,810

1,720

1,640

Dec.

1 /tOfl

1,130

1,210

1,260

1,080

1,380

1,420

1,410

882

1,340

1,380

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 324 PLATE

A. DAM ON RAQUETTE RIVER AT HANNAWA FALLS, N. Y.

B. GAGING STATION ON RAQUETTE RIVER AT PIERCEFIELD, N. Y.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 97

Monthly discharge of Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 723 square miles.]

Month.

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,290 

730 

615 

7,060 

6,100 

2,380 

615 

455 

580 

1,220 

2,950 

1,700

7,060

Minimum.

169 

80 

57 

425 

1,700 

130 

44 

54 

44 

244 

615 

730

44

Mean.

1,210 

557 

423 

2,280 

3,330 

1,740 

332 

319 

429 

853 

1,890 

1,380

1,220

Per

square 

mile.

1.67 

.769 

.585 

3.15 

4.61 

2.41 

.459 

.441 

.593 

1.18 

2.61 

1.91

1.69

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.92 

.83 

.67 

3.51 

5.32 

2.69 

.53 

.51 

.66 

1.36 

2.91 

2.20

23.11

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

Automatic gage.

1,140

2,700

2,150

386

740

882

Q1 ^

1,850

1,520

1.27

2.56

2.10

0?47

2.86

2 4.9

A.

A.

A.

RAQT7ETTE RIVER AT MASSENA SPRINGS, N. Y.

Location. At highway bridge at Massena Springs, N. Y., 1,000 feet above the New 

York Central & Hudson River Railroad Bridge, used for freight transfer from the 

railroad station to the Massena power plant, 8 miles below Raymondville and 10 

miles above the mouth of the stream.

Records available. September 21, 1903, to October 17, 1903; April 9, 1904, to December 31, 1912. Data also in annual reports of the United States Geological 

Survey, State Water Supply Commission, and the State engineer and surveyor, 

State of New York.

Drainage area. 1,170 square miles.

Gage. Chain, attached to upstream side of concrete bridge on February 2, 1912. 

Original gage was a vertical staff fastened to a stone wall on the left bank about 50 

feet upstream from the present bridge. This was replaced August 16, 1906, by a 

standard chain gage fastened to the old highway bridge just above the present 

bridge. The datum of the chain gage was set 1.00 lower than that of the staff gage 

to prevent negative gage heights. The chain gage was set on the concrete bridge 

at such a datum that readings should be comparable with those at the former site.

Channel. Bed of river of coarse gravel and small bowlders; permanent; current good 

at all points.

Discharge measurements. Made from new bridge.

Artificial control. The operation of a number of power plants above the station has 

marked effect on the low water discharge of the stream. These plants are usually 

run for 24-hour power, but are closed on Sundays. The effect of the Sunday closing 

is shown in the stream for several days.

Winter flow. Ice forms at this station to a thickness of 3 feet and considerably affects 

the relation of gage height to discharge for December, January, February, and 

March.

1572° WSP 324 14 7
98 SUE?ACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PAET IV.

Accuracy. Conditions are fair at the new bridge, but the rating curve is somewhat 

changed. Determinations of monthly discharge are considered good, but those of 

daily discharge may be somewhat in error for low-water periods, due to artificial 

control. Monthly estimates for periods during which ice is present also subject 

to errors.

Discharge measurements of Raquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y., in 1912.

Date.

2a

Apr. 12

13

19

Hydrographer.

G. TI. Canfleld .....

.....do..............

C. S. De Golyer ....

.....do.............

.....do..............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

64.28

4.81

3.64

6.66

6 64

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

916

896

498

4,810

4,610

8,610

Date.

Apr. 20

May 15

July 26

27<Z

Oct. 21

24

25

Hydrographer.

.....do .............

G.H. Canfleld.....

.....do............

.....do.............

.....do............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9.01

c5.68

1.58

1.63

2.79

2.02

3.41

Discharge.*

Sec.-ft.

8,270

4,050

395

378

1,053

620

1,530

a Measurement made under complete ice cover. 

 6 Gage in old position on steel highway bridge. 

« Gage in new position on concrete highway bridge. 

d Made by wading near site of old bridge.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Raquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y.,ifor 1912.

[F. L. Babcock, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29.1.............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

8.4

8.4

6.8

6.5

4.9

Feb.

4.9

4.7

4.4

4.6

4.4

4.4

3

0

3.8

3.8

3.7

5.0

4.8

4.6

4.5

4.2

4.2

Mar.

4.2

4.0

4.0

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.2

<i n

4.0

3.6

4.0

5.0

4.6

5 A

6.0

6.0

5.8

5.4

5 A

5.2

4.8

4.8

A Q

6.0

7.0

7.0

Apr.

7.6

7.4

7.0

5.8

7.4

12.8

13.6

12.4

10.0

9.0

8.6

fi Q

6.6

6.6

6.8

7 °.

8.1

9.1

9 A

9.0

8.8

8.8

8 9

9 A

9 A

9

0

9 1

8 0

8.6

8.4

May.

8.2

8.0

7.6

7.4

7.0

7.0

6.8

6.7

6.6

6.5

6.2

6.0

6.0

5.8

5.6

<» fi

5.8

6.0

6.0

C Q

6.0

6.4

6.6

6.5

6.7

6.6

6.5

6.6

6 0

8.0

10.2

June.

9.0

8.0

7.4

6.8

6.7

6.7

6.4

6.1

5.8

5.8

5.8

5 9

5.2

5.0

4.6

4.6

4.8

4.0

4.2

4.0

o 7

3.6

3 A

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.8

2 Q

2.8

2.6

July.

1.9

2.25

2.25

1.95

1.3

1.8

2.0

2.5

2.1

1.65

1.45

1 7<»

1.65

1.6

1.85

1.85

1.75

1.6

1.5

1.45

1 °.<^

1.25

2 A

1.8

1.75

1.6

1.55

2 a

1.7

1.7

1.9

Aug.

1.65

1.65

i 7«;

1.55

1.75

2.1

2.1

2.05

1.95

2.1

1.85

2.05

2.35

2.1

1.95

1.3

1.75

1.6

1.85

2 n

1.8

1.85

1.85

1.95

2.9

2.45

2.15

1 0

1.45

.7

1.45

Sept.

1.7

1.6

1.8

1.85

2.0

2.35

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.05

1 7<»

2.0

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.5

2 A

2.4

2 a

2.6

2.8

2.8

2.9

3.0

s n

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.2

Oct.

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.8

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.0

2.6

3.1

3.2

3.1

3.0 ? n

2.9

2.45

2

O

2.8

2 Q

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.6

3.4

3.8

3.4

3 A

3.3

3.2

3.0

Nov.

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.4

4.2

5.9

5.8

5.6

5.0

<» n

5.4

5.8

5.8

5.7

5.6

5 A

4.8

5.0

4 9

4.8

4 7

4.6

4.8

4.9"

4.8

4 7

4.6

Dec.

4.2

4.0

4.0

4.4

5.5

6.1

6.0

5.8

5.8

5.6

5.6

5.4

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.5

6.2

7.0

fi Q

6.8

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.3

6 4

6.4

6.2

NOTE. The gage was removed from old highway bridge Feb. 2. See gage in station description. Relaion of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to Apr. 8.
STKEAM$ TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVEB. 99

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofRaquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y., for 191,%.

Day.

1... ............

2.... .......... .

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan. Feb.

955

865

805

77 c

74 c

7Ge

770

785

800

810

7QC

780

760

745

7JC

745

545

545

545

515

1 000

910

825

785

675

675

Mar.

675

605

605

745

745

745 74<;

7JC

74 e

675

605

605

74 E

490

fine

74 e

i nflfi

QOK

1 200

1 ^J.O

1 540

1,420

1 200

1 200

1,100

Qlfl

Qlft

Qin

1 KAf\

2 000

2 Of)f\

Apr.

2,000

2,000

2.000

3,000

4,000

4,000

A non

9 590

7,450

5,140

4,770

4,770

5,020

5.640

6,730

8

om

8,650

8,050

7 7 en.

7,750

7 900

8,650

S

rftn

S ofto,

7 900

7 A cfi

7,160

May.

6,870

6,590

6

f\Af\

5,780

5,270

4,900

4,770

4,650

4,290

4,070

3,850

3,630

3,630

3,850

3

QK(\

4,070

4,770

4,650

4 QAft

4,770

4 650

6,590

9,910

June.

6 590

5 78ft

4 900

4,900

4,180

3 01 f\

3,010

2,610

2,610

2 sin

f> Q4Q

2

090

2 040

1,770

1,680

1,520

1 ^fifi

1,200

1 060

1 060

1,130

i nfin

QOe

July.

515

705

705

540

261

565

860

620

onQ

316

AAO

398

Q7C

AQf\

AQf\

442

071-

335

070

244

7QC

ARK

442

QOC

420

515

Aug.

398

398

442

355

442

620

620

tt»9

540

620

A(\f\

592

765

620

540

261

442

07^

490

565

465

490

4on

540

1,130

QOQ

648

515

01 ft

86

316

Sept.

420

375

465

490

KRK

765

925

925

09 c

925

442

565

1,060

925

925

860

795

795

925

925

1,060

1 130

i 9on

1,200

1,280

1 360

1^360

Oct.

1,360

1 280

1^200

1 200

1 060

1 200

1 200

1 280

1 200

925

1,280

1,360

1,280

1 200

1 200

1,130

coo

7QG

1,060

1,130

1,060

1,060

1 060

09 c

1 860

1,520

1,520

1 440

1 360

1 ' 200

Nov.

1,200

1,200

1,360

1,360

1 440

1,520

3,960

3

QCn

3,630

3,010

3,410

3,850

3,850

3,740

3,630

3,410

2,910

2,810

2,610

2,810

2 oin

2 Tin

2,610

Dec.

2,220

2,040

2,040

2,410

3,520

4,180

4,070

3,850

3 OCA

3,630

3,630

3,210

3,210

3,310

3,520

4,290

5,270

5,140

5,020

4,770

4,770

4,770

4,650

4,530

4,650

4,530

4,410

4 >;^n

4. Vtf\

4,290

NOTE. Daily discharge Apr. 9 to Dec. 31, determined from a well-defined rating curve. Daily discharge 

Feb. 1 to Apr. 8, obtained by means of a well-defined rating curve based on measurements made under 

ice cover and comparison with the discharge at Piercefield.

Monthly discharge of Raquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 1,170 square miles.]

Month.

January.............

February ......

March.............

April.......... May.............. ............

June ........... July................ --.--.-

August...........

September .........

October........

November .........

December...... .

Discharge to second-feet.

Maximum.

1,000 

a2.000 

9; 590 

9,910 

8,050 

925 

1,130 

1,360 

1,860 

3,960 

5,270

9,910

Minimum.

515 

490 

a 2, 000 

3,630 

925 

244 

86 

375 

735 

1,200 

2,040

86

Mean.

a 1,500 

763 

972 

6,230 

4,940 

3,070 

479 

516 

881 

1,210 

2,760 

3,940

2,270

Per 

square 

mile.

1.28 

.652 

.831 

5.32 

4.22 

2.62 

.409 

.441 

.753 

1.03 

2.36 

3.37

1.94

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.48 

.70 

.96 

5.94 

4.86 

2.92 

.47 

.51 

.84 

1.19 

2.63 

3.88

26.38

Accuracy.

D. 

C. 

C. 

B.

B. 

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B.

a Estimated by means of comparison with the discharge at Piercefield.
100 SUKFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV. 

BOG RIVER NEAR TUPPER LAKE, N. Y.

Location. Mouth of Bog River, head of Tupper Lake, 1J miles below junction of 

Bog River and the outlet from Round Pond.

Records available. August 24, 1908, to June 30,> 1912. Published also in annual 

reports of the New York State Water-Supply Commission and the New York State 

engineer and surveyor.

Drainage area. 132 square miles.

Gage. Staff, fastened to the left wing wall of an unused dam; read once daily; 

datum unchanged.

Channel. Possibly shifting, as the bed is composed of rock on one side and gravel on 

the other. The crest of the dam with the brink of the adjacent falls forms a control point considered permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from a cable about 1£ miles above the gage and 

immediately below the mouth of the outlet of Round Pond.

Artificial control. The flow is more or less regulated during the spring for log driving. The operation of a small power plant on the main stream causes some fluctuation in the daily gage heights during the low-water periods in the summer.

Winter flow. The gage heights are usually not observed during December to March 

on account of ice.

Accuracy. Discharge curve fairly well developed. Estimates good.

Discharge measurements of Bog River near Tupper Lake, N. Y., in 1912.

Date.

May 17

17

Hydrographer.

.... .do. .................................................................

height.

Feet. 

2.52

2.57

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

331

336
STKEAMS TKIBT7TAKY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 101

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Bog River near Tupper Lake,

N. Y., far 1912.

[B. O. Lott, observer.]

Day.

1. ...................................

1..... ...............................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7. ...................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

0131... .........r. .....................

March.

Gage 

height.

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.3

Discharge.

^ 230 

230 

230 

230

240 

250 

255 

255 

255 

255

April.

Gage 

height.

2.4 

2.4 

2.4 

2.5 

2.6

2.6 

2.6 

2.6 

2.5 

2.6

2.6 

2.6 

2.6 

2.8 

2.9

3.5 

4.5 

4.6 

4.6 

4.5

4.4 

4.6 

4.6 

4.6 

4.6

4.6 

4.6 

4.6 

4.5 

4.2

Discharge.

285 

285 

285 

315 

350

350

350 

350 

315 

350

350

350 

350 

420 

455

700 

1,190 

1,240 

1,240 

1,190

1,140 

1,240 

1,240 

1,240 

1,240

1,240 

1,240 

1,240 

1,190 

1,040

May.

Gage 

height.

4.0 

3.6 

3.2 

3.0

2.8

2.8 

2.7 

2.6 

2.6 

2.5

2.4 

2.5 

2.5 

2.5 

2.4

2.4 

2.5 

2.6 

2.6 

2.7

2.8 

3.1 

3.6 

3.5 

3.4

3.3 

3.3 

3.3 

3.5 

3.7 

3.7

Discharge.

940 

745 

570 

490 

420

420 

385 

350 

350 

315

285 

315 

315 

315 

285

285 

315 

350 

350 

385

420

530 

745 

700 

655

610 

610 

610 

700

790 

790

June.

Gage 

height.

3.5 

3.4 

3.4 

3.4 

3.4

3.4 

3.3 

3.0

2.8 

2.6

2.5 

2.4 

2.4 

2.3 

2.1

2.0 

1.9 

1.8 

1.7 

1.6

1.6 

1.5 

1.5 

1.5 

1.5

1.4 

1.4 

1.3 

1.3 

1.3

Discharge.

700 

655 

655 

655

655

655 

610 

490 

420 

350

315

285 

285 

255 

205

180 

160 

140 

120 

105

105 

90 

90 

90 

90

75 

75 

60 

60 

60

NOTE. The relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice from Mar. 22 to 31. 

discharge determined from a fairly well denned rating curve.

Monthly discharge of Bog River near Tupper Lake, N. Y.,for 1912. 

' [Drainage area, 132 square miles.]

Daily

Month.

April ...................................

May....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,240 

940 

700

Minimum.

285 

285 

60

Mean.

759 

495 

290

Per 

square 

mile.

5.75 

3.75 

2.20

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

6.42 

4.32 

2.46

Accu

racy.

C. 

B. 

B.
102 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

ST. REGIS RIVER AT BRASHER CENTER, N. Y.

Location. At the steel highway bridge in. the village of Brasher Center, 5 miles

downstream from Brasher Falls, 6} miles below the junction of East and West

branches of St. Regis River, and about 12 iniles above the mouth. 

Records available. August 22, 1910, to December 31, 1912. Data published also

in annual reports of State Water-Supply Commission and State Conservation

Commission of New York. 

Drainage area. 621 square miles. 

Gage. Chain, fastened to downstream side of bridge; read twice daily; datum

unchanged. 

Channel. Veryrough; composedof gravel and large bowlders; considered permanent.

At high stages current swift and water rough. 

Discharge measurements. At low stages made by wading about 500 feet above

the bridge; at high stages, from the bridge.

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice. 

Accuracy. Discharge rating curve well defined. Estimates good.

Discharge measurements of St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y., in 1912.

Date.

Feb. 21o

Apr. 11

14

18

May 14

July 256

Oct. 23

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

.....do...................................................................

.... .do.......... ..........................................................

.....do....................................................................

G. H.Canfleld...........................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.64

6.18

5.85

6.70

5.09

4.15

4.38

pischarge.

Sec.-ft. 

442

3,600

2,870

5,440

1,410

341

523

o Complete ice cover, control frozen. *> Made toy wading.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 103

Daily gage height, in feet, of St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y.,for 1912. 

[Joseph Vanier, observer.]

Day.

1. ....... .......

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29................

30...............

31...............

Jan.

6.3

6.6

6.8

7.0

7.0

7.4

Feb.

5.64

Mar. Apr.

7.7

7.2

6.8

6.6

6.6

8.4

8.0

7.2

6.7

6.5

6.2

6.2

6.2

S o

6.0

6 9

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.6

6.4

5.5

5 9

6.2

6.3

5.9

5.95

5.6

5.35

5.5

May.

5.35

5.3

5.15

4 9

4 9

5.0

5.05

5.15

5.05

5.0

5.05

5.05

4 OR

5.0

5.25

5.35

4.85

5.6

5.6

5.6

5 45

5.25

5.15

5 AC

6.2

7.2

7.2

June.

6.5

6.2

6.0

5.7

5.5

5.35

5.25

5.25

t; 9

5.0

4 9

4.85

4 9

4 9

4.8

4.7

4.7

.4.65

4.5

4.46

4 43

4 V7

A 3^

4.34

4.30

4 97

A. 97

4.19

July.

4.17

4.17

4 1Q

4 06

4.03

4 IS

4.13

4.05

4.01

4 05

3 99

3

QE

S Q7

4 05

4.07

4.03

3 OQ

^ OR

4.00

4.27

4 37

4.37

4 Ifi

4.15

4.10

4.04

4.08

4.22

4.25

Aug.

4.26

4.28

4.32

4 45

4.5

4.46

4.48

4.38

4 q

4 29

4.3

4

00

A. °,

4

0

4.18

4.20

4.18

4.16

4.15

4.18

4.22

4

OE

4.35

4.75

4 9

4.5

4.42

Sept.

4.40

4.48

4

7e

4.8

4.8

4 O

4.95

4 O

4.8

4.6

4.7

4.7

4.65

4.6

4.5

4.7

4.9

4.9

4 9

5.1

5.15

5.1

5.1

5.15

5.2

5.1

5:i

5.1

5.2

5.3

Oct.

5.3

5.1

5.0

4 O

4.75

4.6

4.6

4.55

4 an

4

AK

4.5

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.5

4

e

4.48

4.35

4.18

4.28

4.42

4.85

5.1

5.2

5.1

4.9

4.8

4.6

Nov.

4.65

4.6

4.65

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.7

6.0

5.95

5.8

5.5

5.25

5.15

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.1

5.0

4.9

4.9

4.95

4.95

4 95

4.9

4.8

4.75

4.8

4.75

Dec.

4.85

5.1

6.4

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.1

5.0

5.0

5.15

5.3

5.35

4.9

5.1

5.25

5.0

5.1

5.5

5.85

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.1

5.95

5.75

5.6

5.6

5.9

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice from Jan. 1 to Mar. 31. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y.,for 1910-1912.

Day.

1910. 

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7.......... 

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

July.

......

Aug.

......

Sept.

250

238

309

284

273

309

1.240 

1,390

1,030

722

569

446

377

329

309

Oct.

250

238

238

329

377

438

1,390 

1,900

1,720

1,390

1,030

778

522

400

Nov.

897

897

722

834

834

960

1,100 

960

834

834

1,170

t,240

1,100

960

778

Dee.

455

616

569

722

834

722

Day.

1910. 

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22.......... 

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

97

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

July.

......

Aug.

329 

273

213

244

267

329

198

166

30

213

Sept.

329

309

296

2%

238

250

250 

273

238

250

238

250

284

2%

250

Oct.

329

400

423

362

400

329

238 

250

329

616

1,470

1,810

1,900

1,720

1,640

1,170

Nov.

834

722

569

616

669

505

522 

522

455

616

616

616

616

569

505

Dec.

......
104 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y., for 

1910-1912 Continued.

Day.

1911. 

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26. .1........ ................

27. ..........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

1912. 

1...........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Apr.

2,530

2,130

2,330

1,940

1,510

10,000

10,000

9,000

7,450

5,060

4,360

3,740

4,360

5,440

5,830

5,830

5,830

5,060

3,460

3,740

3,080

3,740

3,740

3,200

3,200

3,740

4,040

3,740

4,040

3,740

9,630

7,450

5,830

5,060

5,060

12,900

11,000

7,450

5,440

4,700

3,740

3,740

3,740

2,960

3,200

6,220

5,440

5,440

5,440

5,060

4,360

2,130

2,960

3,740

4,040

2,960

3,080

2,330

1,850

2,130

May.

3,740

5,440

4,040

3,740

2,960

2,740

2,230

2,130

1,940

1,850

1,760

1,760

1,430

1,350

1,510

690

1,060

860

925

690

742

801

990

860

3,080

2,230

1,680

1,350

1,350

1,060

925

1,850

1,760

1,510

1,130

1,130

1,270

1,350

1,510

1,510

1,510

1,510

1,350

1,270

1,350

1,350

1,200

1,270

1,680

1,850

1,680

1,060

2,330

2,330

2,330

2,040

1,680

1,510

1,350

3,740

7,450

7,450

June.

925

860

990

990

925

990

1,060

801

860

1,130

801

990

1,130

1,430

1,510

1,680

1 430

1,200

860

742

860

990

801

638

524

524

742

742

690

742

4,700

3,740

3,200

2,530

2,130

1,850

1,680

1,680

1,590

1,270

1,130

1,060

1,130

1,130

1,060

990

860

860

801

580

638

600

571

516

498

489

454

431

431

369

July.

690

638

690

742

690

619

742

590

619

552

561

590

362

342

296

342

296

472

415

498

392

369

308

296

342

279

362

240

302

225

240

356

356

328

285

267

328

328

279

267

256

279

267

245

225

235

279

291

267

245

225

250

431

516

516

362

342

308

273

296

392

415

Aug.

438

415

308

296

342

392

446

438

376

472

342

279

369

322

296

342

322

302

322

415

454

415

392

392

454

384

472

342

498

472

>OA.

423

438

392

472

590

638

600

619

524

454

446

423

454

472

454

454

392

362

376

362

349

342

362

392

415

498

925

1,130

860

638

561

Sept.

342

279

262

279

308

342

925

990

860

590

454

524

498

524

590

524

472

438

542

542

524

415

392

415

392

498

860

1,270

561

498

542

619

925

990

990

1,130

1,200

1,130

990

742

860

860

801

742

638

860

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,430

1,510

1 430

1,430

1,510

1,590

1,430

1,430

1,430

1,590

1,760

Oct.

561

590

561

742

1,270

1,590

1,430

1,200

990

860

590

542

690

619

524

507

524

590

690

285

638

638

590

619

498

590

580

561

524

filQ

1,760

1,430

1,130

925

742

742

690

619

542

590

638

742

860

860

742

742

638

638

619

498

362

438

561

1,060

1,430

1,590

1,430

1,130

990

Nov.

619

860

925

742

638

638

742

1,130

1,430

1,350

1,350

1,350

1,060

1,060

990

925

990

1,130

1,510

1,430

1,350

1,130

628

990

860

860

OOP;

1,590

1,850

801

742

801

860

742

742

860

3,200

3,080

2,740

2,130

1,680

1,510

2,130

1,940

1,740

1,590

1,430

1,270

1,130

1,130

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,130

990

925

990

925

Dec.

1,760

1,760

1,430

1,200

1,060

860

990

860

1,200

1,430

1,850

2,130

3,460

3,460

2,740

2,530

1,850

1,760

1,940

1,760

1,680

1,590

2,230

2,330

1,940

1,940

1,760

1,760

1,060

1,430

4,360

2,330

2,130

2,130

1,940

1,760

1,590

1,430

1,270

1,270

1,510

1,760

1,850

1,130

1,430

1,680

1,270

1,430

2,130

2,850

3,740

3,740

3,740

3,460

3,080

2,640

2,330

2,330

2,960

NOTE. Daily discharge for 1910 determined from a rating curve based on one measurement and the 

shape of the rating curve for 1911-12. Daily discharge for 1911 and 1912 determined from a rating curve 

well defined below 7,000 second-feet. Daily discharge Apr. 6 to 8,1911, estimated on account of ice jams.
STKEAMS TBIBtTTARY TO ST. LAWEENCE EIVEE. 105

Monthly discharge of St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y.,for 1910-1912. 

[Drainage area, 621 square miles.]

Month.

1910.

1911.

May.....................................

July.....................................

The year. .........................

1912.

March...................................

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

329 

1,390 

1,900 

1,240

5,440 

1,680 

742 

524 

1,270 

1,590 

1,850 

3,460

12,900 

7,450 

4,700 

516 

1,130 

1,760 

1,760 

3,200 

4,360

12,900

Minimum.

30 

238 

238 

455

1,510 

690 

524 

225 

279 

262 

285 

619 

860

1,850 

1,060 

369 

225 

342 

542 

362 

742 

1,060

225

Mean.

226

404 

800 

769 

700

1,250 

730 

1,600 

4,530 

1,870 

952 

455 

388 

537 

702 

1,080 

1,820

1,330

780 

370 

460 

4,970 

2,010 

1,300 

313 

510 

1,130 

876 

1,430 

2,190

1,360

Per

square 

mile.

0.364 

.651 

1.29 

1.24 

1.13

2.01 

1.18 

2.58 

7.29 

3.01 

1.53 

.733 

.625 

.865 

1.13 

1.74 

2.93

2.14

1.26 

.596 

.741 

8.00 

3.24 

2.09 

.504 

.821 

1.82 

1.41 

2.30 

3.53

2.19

Run-off 

(depth in 

niches on 

drainage 

area).

0.14 

.73 

1.49

1.38 

1.30

2.32 

1.23

2.97 

8.13 

3.47 

1.71 

.85 

.72 

.97 

1.30 

1.94 

3.38

28.99

1.45 

.64 

.85 

8.93 

3.74 

2.33 

.58 

.95 

2.03 

1.63 

2.57 

4.07

29.77

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

D.

D. 

D. 

D. 

C.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

D. 

D. 

D. 

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. Discharge for Dec. 7,1910, to Mar. 31.1911, and Dec. 29,1911, to Mar. 31,1912, estimated by means 

of comparison with the flow of Raquette and Oswegatchie Rivers. 

Mean discharge Dec. 7-31,1910, estimated 710 second-feet. 

Mean discharge Dec. 29-31,1911, estimated 1,700 second-feet.

DEER RIVER AT IRONTON, N. Y.

Location. About 1,000 feet below steel highway bridge in the village of Brasher 

Iron Works (railroad station is Ironton) and 2 miles above the confluence of Deer 

River with St. Regis River in Helena. There are no important tributaries between 

the gage and the mouth of the river. A small creek enters from the left about 

1 mile above the station.

Records available. July 25 to December 31,1912.

Drainage area. 206 square miles.

Gage. Inclined staff gage 32 feet long, reading from 0.5 to 11.0 feet, about 1,000 feet 

below the bridge and 500 feet below the remains of an old wooden dam; an 

auxiliary vertical staff, fastened on the upstream side of the right abutment, is to 

be used as a reference while making measurements and to determine the effect of 

the removal of the dam below.

Channel. Bed at the bridge is solid rock and smooth. A gravel control about 300 

feet below the gage is probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge during medium and high stages 

and by wading a short distance above at low stages.
106 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PABT IV.

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge will probably be affected by ice

during the winter months. 

Accuracy. Rating curve good for low stages. Upper portion not well denned.

Estimates as published good. 

Cooperation. Gage heights furnished by M. W. Lantry, Hogansburg, N. Y.

Discharge measuremznts of Deer River at Ironton, N. Y., in 1912.

Date.

July 25u

Oct. 22

25

Hydrographer.

G.H.Canfield........................ ............. ......................

J. G . Matters ............................................................

.....do....................................................................

height.

Feet. 

1.13

1.68

2.66

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

51.3

130

397

a- Measurement made by wading.

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Deer River at Ironton, N. Y.,

for 1912.

[Alex. Barlow, observer.]

Day.

1........

4........

5........

6........

7........

8........

9........

10........

11........

12........

13........

14........

15........

16........

17........

18........

19........

20........

21........

22........

23........

24........

25........

26........

27........

28........

29........

30........

.31........

July.

Gage 

height.

r

1.12

1.09 

1.10 

1.11 

1.22 

1.36 

1.35

Discharge.

51

48 

49 

50 

61 

79 

78

August.

Gage 

height.

1.39 

1.38 

1.35 

1.52 

1.64

1.58 

1.49 

1.44 

1.44 

1.46

1.42 

1.31 

1.44 

1.42 

1.35

1.31 

1.28 

1.15 

1.12 

1.06

1.19 

1.16 

1.20 

1.19 

1.52

1.69 

2.15 

2.05 

1.72 

1.44 

1.64

Discharge.

84 

82 

78 

102 

122

112 

98 

91 

91 

93

88 

72 

91 

88 

78

72 

69 

54 51' 

45

58 

55 

59 

58 

102

131 

238 

212 

137 

91 

122

September.

Gage 

height.

1.49 

1.66 

1.85 

1.80 

1.72

1.60 

1.88 

2.4 

2.1 

1.99

1.95 

2.2 

1.92 

1.89 

1.85

2.55 

2.2 

2.1 

2.5 

2.8

2.8 

2.45 

2.3 

2.8 

2.65

2.5 

3.1 

2.7 

2.75 

3.5

Discharge.

98 

126 

164 

153 

137

115 

171 

309 

225 

197

187 

251 

180 

173 

164

358 

251 

225 

341 

446

446 

325 

279 

446 

392

341 

566 

410 

428 

754

October.

Gage 

height.

2.85 

2.5 

2.3 

2.2 

2.05

1.91 

1.95 

1.78 

1.70 

1.76

1.75 

1.80 

2.1 , 1.98 

1.88

1.78 

1.71 

1.61 

1.68 

1.74

1.61 

1.62 

1.58 

1.60 

2.4

2.7 

2.45 

2.25 

2.1 

2.55 

1.95

Discharge.

465 

341 

279 

251 

212

177 

187 

149 

133 

145

143

153 

225 

194 

171

149 

135 

117 

129 

141

117 

119 

113 

115 

309

410 

325 

265 

225 

358 

187

November.

Gage 

height.

1.9 

2.0 

1.92 

1.8 

1.75

1.7 

2.1 

5.8 

4.0 

3.3

2.8 

2.6 

2.5 

4.1 

3.6

3.3 

3.1 

2.95 

2.6

2.7

2.6 

2.4 

2.25 

2.2 

2.1

2.25 

2.35 

2.3 

2.35 

2.55

Discharge.

175 

199 

180 

153 

143

133

225 

2,810 

1,050 

656

446 

375 

341 

1.120

808

656 

566 

504 

375 

410

375 

309 

265 

251 

225

265 

294 

279 

294 

358

December.

Gage 

height.

2.3 

4.8 

5.8 

3.3 

3.0

3.1 

3.0 

2.45 

2.25 

2.5

2.45 

2.55 

2.65 

2.9 

2.6

2.5 

2.7 

2.85 

3.8 

3.2

3.4 

3.4 

3.4 

3.5 

3.8

3.7 

3.6 

3.6 

3.4 

3.3 

v3.9

Discharge.

279

1,680 

2,810 

656 

524

566 

524 

325 

265 

341

.325 

358 

392 

484 

375

341 

410 

465 

920 

610

704 

704 

704 

754 

920

864 

808 

808 

704 

656 

980

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve.
STEEAMS TEIBTJTAEY TO ST. LAWBENCE BIVEE. 107

Monthly discharge of Deer River at Ironton, N. Y., for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 206 square miles.]

Month.

July 25-31. ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

79 

238 

754 

465 

- 2,810 

2,810

Minimum.

48 

45 

98 

113 

133 

265

Mean.

59.4 

94.3 

289 

208 

475 

686

Per

square 

mile.

0.288 

.458 

1.40 

1.01 

2.31 

3.33

Run-off 

(depth hi 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.07 

.53 

1.56 

1.16 

2.58 

3.84

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

LAKE CHAMPLAIN AT BURLINGTON, VT.

Location. On the south side of the roadway leading to the dock of the Champlain 

Transportation Co. at Burlington, Vt., at a point about 80 feet from the road at 

the foot of King Street.

Records available. May, 1907, to December 31, 1912.

Gage. Staff; read once daily. Comparison of gage readings, made under the direction of Prof. A. D. Butterfield on calm days during 1907-8, indicate that the 

zero of the gage at Burlington is at practically the same elevation as that of the 

gage at Fort Montgomery, namely, 92.50 feet above mean sea level.

Cooperation. Gage heights at Burlington furnished through the courtesy of Mr. 

D. A. Loomis, general manager of the Champlain Transportation Co.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt., for 1912.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.80

2.80

2 Crt

2.70

2.65

2.57

2.55

2.40

2.40

2.30

2.28

"2."i5~

2.15

2.18

2.18

2.18

2.18

2." 25

2.47

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.60

Feb.

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.30

"i'io"

"i'io"

.......

"2." 66'

1.90 "i."7o'

"i."72"

.......

1.72

1.72

.......

Mar.

1.72

1.72

1.74

.......

1.74

1.78 "i.'ss"

2.05

2.20

2.28

2.48

2.58

"2." 65'

2.68

2.68

2.70

2.82

3.00

.......

Apr.

3.50

3.78

3.90

3.90

3.98

4.25

5.39

6.00

6.29

6.38

6.41

6.49 ' "e.'is"

6.65

6.87

7.05

7.20

7.32

"7."25"

7.33

7.35

7.42

7.48

7.55

7.55

7.30

.......

May.

7.20

6.89

6.80

6.70

G.60

6 40

6.20

6.10

6.00

5 <M

5.70

5.60

5.50

5.50

5.50

5.50

"5."50"

5.50

5.65

5.65

5.63

5.60

5.60

"5.~96"

5.95

June.

6.08

6.40

6.40

6.40

6.30

6.20

6.10 "e.'oo"

5.90

5.83

5.75

5.66

5.50

"h'.40

5.20

5.00

4.90

4.82

4.70 ' "i-'eo"

4.50

4.50

4! 20

4.10

4.00

.......

.......

July.

3.80

3 7ft 

 t\J

3.60

S fift

3.50

3.50

S

on 

. OU

3.20

.......

3.00

2.90

"2." 75"

2.60

2.55

2.50

2.48

2.48

" "i'so"

2.50

2.40

2.30

2.30

2.20

2.20

2.10

2.05

Aug.

2.05

2.00

2.00

2.00

1.95 i on i. yu

I. yuon 

1.90

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.80

1.80

1.75

1.75 "i."7.V

1.72

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.65

1.62

1.56

1.53

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

Sept.

1.50

1.48

1.48

1.45

1.45

1.43

1.43

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.38

1.38

1.40

1.45

1.50

1.60

1.60

1.65 "i.'so"

1.88

1.90

1.90 liss

1.88 "I'M"

.......

Oct.

1.90

1.90

1.88

1.88

1.88

"i."85"

1.85

1.80

1.80

i 1. ?aio

1.75

i."75"

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.80

1.85

1.92

O 00 £* £iO

' "2.'50"

2.45

2.42

2.40

Nov.

2.38

2.35

"i" 35"

2.40

2.40

2 4fi 

. rtu

2.70

3.00

3.20

3.22

3.30

3.35

3.40

3.50

3.50

3.48

3.45

3.40

3.40

3.40

3.40

3.60

3.58

3.42

3.40

3.20

3.10

3.00

.......

Dec.

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.90

3.00

3.03

3.05

3.00

2.97

2.98

2.95

2.95

2.93

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.90

"2." 95

2.98

2.98

2.95

2.93

2.93

" "2.~90

2.90

NOTE. Lake frozen completely over Jan. 26. Thickest ice noted 14 inches. No information as to data 

on which the lake opened. Ice was 5J inches thick Apr. 10.
108 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

RICHELIEU RIVER AT FORT MONTGOMERY, N. Y.

Location. About half a mile from the head of Richelieu River at the outlet of Lake 

Champlain, about 1 mile northeast of the village of Rouses Point and three-eighths 

of a mile south of the Canadian boundary; in the fort.

Records available. 1875 to 1912; data published in the reports of the Deep Waterways Survey, the annual reports of the State engineer and surveyor of the State 

of New York, and in the water-supply papers of the United States Geological 

Survey.

Drainage area. 8,180 square miles at Chambly.

Gage. Staff; read once daily. Elevation of gage zero at Fort Montgomery is 92.50 

feet above mean sea level; high-water level is at elevation 101.6 feet; probably 

lowest elevation recorded at Fort Montgomery is 91.9 feet November 13, 1908. 

Gage heights are given as sea-level elevations.

Determination of flow. The daily discharge of the lake has been determined from 

observations of depth and discharge over the Chambly dam, 35 miles below the 

head of Richelieu River, made in 1898 by the United States Board of Deep 

Waterways. A discharge rating curve has been constructed from the observations at Chambly dam and the gage readings at Rouses Point. The area tributary 

to the river between Rouses Point and Chambly is 310 square miles.

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice, as the 

entire surface of Lake Champlain freezes over nearly every winter.

Cooperation. Observations of gage heights are made under the direction of the 

Corps of Engineers of the United States Army. Gage readings reported weekly 

to the Survey through the courtesy of Maj. Edward Burr.

Accuracy. Estimates of daily discharge since 1907 are withheld pending verification of the rating curve.
STEEAMS TEIBUTAEY TO ST. LAWEENCE EIVEB. 109

Daily gage height,.in feet, of Richelieu River at Fort Montgomery, N. Y.,for 1911-12.

[Wm. McComb, observer.]

Day.

1911. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

29. ..............

30............... 

31

1912. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4. ..............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14. ..............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24. ..............

25. ..............

26. ..............

27. ..............

28. ..............

29. ..............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

93.9

93.95

93.95

94.05

94.35

94.25

94.35

94.45

94.4

94.45

94.6

94.35

94.5

94.45

94.4

94.4

94.5

94.55

94.4

94.45

94.35

94.35

94.35

94.3

94.3

94.3

94.25

94.45

94.3

95.2

95.25

95.2

95.2

95.15

95.1

95.1

95.1

95.1

95.00

94.95

94.95

94.95

95.0

94.8

94.8

94.8

94.8

94.7

94.8

94.75

94.6

94.6

94.6

94.6

94.55

94.6

94.55

94.55

94.5

94.5

Feb.

94.3

94.4

94.45

94.35

94.4

94.4

94.35

94.35

94.3

94.3

94.35

94.3

94.25

94.35

94.25

94.3

94.25

94.3

94.25

94.2

94.2

94.25

94.2

94.25

9425

94.2

94.2

94.5

94.5

94.4

94 i

94.4

94.4

94.45

94.35

94.4

94.3

94.3

94.25

94.3

94.3

94.25

94.2

94.2

94.2

94.2

94.25

94.15

94.25

94.15

94.2

94.1

94.1

94.2

94.2

94.2

Mar.

94.2

94.15

94.1

94.1

94.05

94.05

94.1

94.05

94.1

94.05

94.0

94.05

94.0

94.05

94.05

94.1

94.15

94.2

94.25

94.25

94.25

94.2

94.25

94.25

94.3

94.35

 94.5

94.65

94.85

95.05 

95.2

94.2

94.2

94.15

94.15

94.1

94.15

94.1

94.05

94.1

94.05

94.1

94.1

94.05

94.15

94.15

94.25

94.3

94.4

94.5

94.6

94.8

94.95

95.0

95.0

95.0

95.1

95.15

95.0

95.2

95.35

95.6

Apr.

95.3

95.3

95.35

95.3

95.4

95.45

95.8

96.3

96.4

96.65

97.0

97.2

97.3

98.15

98.25

98.3

98.35

98.3

98.3

98.2

98.25

98.3

98.25

98.35

98.4

95.75

95.9

96.2

96.3

96.4

96.5

97.0

97.7

98.35

98.6

98.75

98.8

98.8

98.85

98.95

98.95

99.2

99.5

99.6

99.7

99.8

100.0

99.7

99.9

99.9

100.05

100.25

99.6

99.6

99.5

May.

98.6

98.5

98.5

98.6

98.65

98.5

98.35

98.35

98.2

98.05

98.05

98.0

97.8

97.8

97.9

97.5

97.5

97.4

97.3

97.4

97.2

97.0

96.9

97.0

96.7

96.7

96.6

96.6

96.4

96.3 

96.2

99.4

99.3

99.15

99.0

98.9

99.0

98.7

98.6

98.4

98.3

98.4

98.3

98.3

98.0

98.0

97.9

97.9

98.0

97.8

97.9

97.8

97.95

98.7

98.2

98.0

98.1

98.1

98.1

97.5

97.9

98.1

June.

96.25

96.05

96.0

95.95

95.9

95.8

95.7

95. 65

95.55

95.5

95.5

95.65

95.6

95.45

95.4

95.3

95.25

95.3

95.25

95.15

95.05

95.1

94.9

94.9

95.0

94.9

94.95

94.8

94.6

94.6

98.5

98.7

98.8

98.8

98.7

98.8

98.5

98.7

98.3

98.4

98.2

98.3

97.9

98.0

98.05

97.9

97.55

97.5

97.3

97.4

97.2

97.1

97.05

96.9

96.8

96.6

96.55

96.6

96.3

96.2

July.

94.55

94.55

94.5

94.45

94.4

94.5

94.25

94.3

94.25

94.3

94.15

94.15

94.05

94.1

94.0

94.15

94.1

93.9

93.9

94.0

93.9

93.8

93.75

93.95

93.95

93.7

93.65

93.6

93.75

93.65 

93.6

96.2

96.0

96.1

96.0

95.95

95.9

95.85

95.75

95.6

95.6

95.5

95.5

95.5

95.4

95.4

95.1

95.2

95.1

95.0

95.05

95.2

94.8

94.7

94.7

94.7

94.6

94.6

94.55

94.5

94.5

94.5

Aug.

93.6

93.6

93.65

93.6

93.5

93.45

93-. 45

93.6

93.4

93.35

93.25

93.25

93.3

93.25

93.25

93.15

93.15

93.25

93.1

93.1

93.2

93.4

92.95

93.15

93.1

93.15

93.15

93.2

93.0

93.0 

93.05

94.45

94.5

94.3

94.35

94.3

94.4

94.35

94.4

94.5

94.5

94.2

94.25

94.2

94.25

94.05

94.05

94.0

94.15

94.05

93.9

94.0

94.1

93.9

93.85

93.8

93.9

93.75

93.85

93.7

93.75

93.8

Sept.

93.05

93.2

92.95

92.95

93.0

93.15

92.95

92.95

93.2

93.0

93.0

92.9

92.9

92.95

93.4

93.0

92.9

92.95

93.0

92.9

92.95

92.95

93.0

93.15

92.9

92.95

93.2

92.9

93.0

92.9

93.9

93.9

93.8

93.75

93.8

93.7

93.9

93.8

93.7

93.9

93.8

93.8

93.9

94.05

93.85

93.8

94.0

94.05

94.0

94.1

94.15

94.4

94.5

94.35

94.25

94.3

94.3

94.25

94.2

94.25

Oct.

93.0

92.9

92.95

93.45

92.95

92.85

92.95

93.15

93.05

93.05

93.1

93.05

93.0

93.05

93.1

93.0

93.1

93.2

93.15

93.2

93.3

93.35

93.35

93.45

93.5

93.4

93.5

93.5

93.65

93.3 

93.45

94.25

94.2

94.45

94.25

94.3

94.25

94.4

94.2

94.3

94.1

94.15

94.45

94.15

94.1

94.0

94.1

94.25

94.15

94.4

93.9

93.95

94.2

94.0

93.95

94.25

94.6

94.7

94.65

94.9

94.8

94.8

Nov.

93.3

93.3

93.45

93.5

93.45

93.45

93.5

93.4

93.4

93.7

93.5

93.9

93.45

93.5

93.5

93.4

93.5

93.4

93.65

93.6

93.55

93.6

93.9

93.65

93.6

93.7

93.7

93.9

94.0

93.9

95.2

94.75

94.75

95.1

94.8

94.9

94.8

95.0

95.2

95.35

95.55

95.6

95.5

95.7

95.65

95.7

95.9

95.8

96.0

95.8

96.0

95.7

95.7

95.7

95.5

95.8

95.8

95.6

95.7

95.6

Dec.

93.9

93.9

93.8

93.9

94.0

93.9

93.9

93.85

94.0

94.0

94.15

93.95

94.05

94.25

94.45

94.45

94.55

94.65

94.7

94.8

94.75

95.0

94.8

95.0

95.2

95.25

95.7

95.2

95.3

95.25

QC 0

95.5

96.0

95.3

95.6

95.5

95.7

95.5

95.8

95.6

95.9

95.5

95.5

95.6

95.65

95.5

95.4

95.3

95.3

95.3

95.25

95.35

95.3

95.35

95.35

95.4

95.4

95.25

(a\

°)

^0)

a Lake closed.
110 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

SARANAC RIVER NEAR PLATTSBTTRG, N. Y.

Location. At the Lozier dam of the Plattsburg Gas & Electric Co., about 6 miles 

above the mouth of the river at Plattsburg, N. Y.

Records available. March 27, 1903, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 624 square miles.

Gages. The crest gage is a vertical staff located at the angle in the wing wall at the 

right hand end of the racks. The tail race gage is a vertical staff spiked to the 

crib dike between the tail race and the river about 50 feet below the power house.

Discharge measurements. The record at this station includes the flow over a 

spillway crest 171.75 feet in length, the discharge through two 5-feet waste gages, 

when open, and the discharge through four 33-inch Victor turbines, controlled by 

automatic governors. Experiments have been made at Cornell University 

hydraulic laboratory on a model ogee section of the dam from which coefficients 

have been derived for the calculation of the discharge over the dam. The ratings 

of the waste gates and the turbines are not available.

Accuracy. Since the turbine and waste gate ratings are not available, the data for this 

station is being held up until these ratings can be made.

Cooperation. Records at this station are furnished by the Plattsburg Gas & Electric 

Co., Herbert A. Stutchbury, superintendent.

Discharge measurements of Saranac River near Plattsburg, N. Y., in

Date.

30

31

31

31

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

.....do.......................................................:............

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height."

Feet. 

2.06

2.79

1.99

1.84

, 2.23

Discharge.

Sec. ft. 

300

557

292

259

382

a Gage in tail race. 

AUSABLE RIVER AT ATTSABLE FORKS, N. Y.

Location. In the village of Ausable Forks, immediately below the junction of the

East and West branches and about 15 miles above the mouth of the river. 

Records available. August 17, 1910, to December 31, 1912. Data also in annual

reports of the New York State Water Supply Commission and New York State

Conservation Commission. 

Drainage area. 487 square miles. 

Gage. Chain, on the left bank, about 100 feet below the junction of East and West

branches of Ausable River; read twice daily; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Bed of sand and gravel; liable to shift; channel divided by an island. 

Discharge measurements. Made from a cable about 1J miles below the gage. At

this place the river flows in one channel. 

Winter flow. Ice may form on the riffles below the gage and either divert or cause

backwater. 

Accuracy. Conditions at the measuring section good. Very good discharge rating

curve developed. Estimates good.

Discharge measurements of Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y"., in 1912.

Date.

Feb. 28o

10

17

July 29

Hydrographer.

G. H.Canfleldj............... !...........................................

.....do....................................................................

C.C. Covert...... ........................................................

G.H.Canfleld...... .......................... ............................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.62

5.00

4.55

6.02

 4.44

3.59

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

183

2,340

1,430

5,270

1,290

182

a Made under complete ice cover at cable; river nearly open at gage and just below. 

6 A very sudden rise took place near the finish of this measurement.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. Ill

Daily gage height, in feet, of Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N., Y.,for 1912. 

[A. S. Baker, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

4.30

4.34

4.28

4.06

3.95

3.82

3.96

3.88

3.94

3.96

4.11

4.02

4.00

3.78

3.86

3.86

3.82

3.72

3.67

3.61

3.71

3.64

3.60

3.66

3.70

3.70

3.64

3.81

3.75 

3.70

Feb.

3.60

3.60

3.64

3.60

3.74

3.59

3.58

3.60

3.72

3.68

3.60

3.64

3.60

3.57

3.56

3.56

3.58

3.53

3.60

3.56

3.60

3.60

3.88

3.64

3.62

3.70

3.64

3.60

3.64

Mar.

3.68

3.65

3.66

3.67

3.66

3 64

3.68

3.66

3.65

3.57

3.58

3.62

3.59

3.60

3.66

3.92

4.08

4.17

4.44

4.22

3.86

3.70

3.72

3.76

3.68

3.74

4.24

4.31 

4.32

Apr.

4.56

4.34

4.C4

3.98

4.41

5.7

7 9

6.3

4.9

4.6

4.40

4.30

4.34

4.34

5.25

6..6

5.9

4.8

5.4

4.9

4.6

4.6

6.2

5.05

4 7

4.40

4.6

4.7

4 40

4.2

May.

4.08

4.24

4.16

4.04

4.35

4.6

4.7

4.55

4.4

4.21

4.26

4.6

4 7

4.35

4.20

4.9

4.75

4.45

4.34

6.1

5.9

5.1

4.65

4.7

4.6

4.26

4.26

4.7

5.7 

5.2

June.

4.85

4.5

4.36

4.28

4.19

4.07

A f\K

3.98

3.9

3.88

3.84

3.82

3.80

3.78

3.82

3.82

3.70

3.75

3.72

3.74

, 3.67

3.71

3.68

3.63

3.60

3.58

3.64

3.56

3.56

3.54

July.

3.56

3.33

3.54

3 43

4.06

3.68

3.68

3.67

3 64

3.60

3.72

3.75

3.58

3.64

3.73

3.64

3.61

3.60

3.59

3.58

3.33

3 77

3.78

3.71

3.66

3.62

3.53

3.54

3.58

3.62, 

3.56

Aug.

3.56

3.56

3.62

3 64

3.68

3.69

3.66

3.64

3.62

3.61

3.63

4.00

3.79

3.76

3.72

3.72

3.68

3.58

3.63

3.57

3 W

3.56

3.54

3.58

3.66

3.96

3.99

3.88

3.82 

3.72

Sept.

3.68

3.96

3.98

3.84

3.84

4.04

4.04

3.98

3.84

3.72

3.82

3.84

3.76

3.70

3.61

4.02

4.14

3.92

4.41

4.7

4.6

4.40

4.08

4.18

4.03

4.01

3.89

3.88

3.94

4.6

Oct.

4.32

4.14

3.98

3.92

3.80

3.82

3.78

3.72

3.64

3.72

3.77

3.76

4.34

4.08

4.00

3.94

3.82

3.81

3.84

3.93

3.82

3.74

3.79

4.38

6.0

4.95

4.6

4.35

4.16

4.00 

3.98

Nov.

3.94

4.22

4.00

3.95

3.90

3.90

3 Q9

5.9

5.0

4.6

4.10

4.00

4.28

4.55

4.75

4.6

4.28

4.20

4.01

4.01

4.00

3.95

3.96

3.95

3.99

3.96

3.94

3.92

3.91

3.88

Dec.

3.86

3.91

4.75

4.45

4.26

4.44

4.65

4.30

4.05

4.12

4.04

3.93

3.97

3.96

3.86

3.87

3.97

3.98

4.25

3.80

3.18

3.14

4.02

4.12

4.18

4.15

4.08

3.92

3.84

3.80 

3.82

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice from about Jan. 6 to Mar. 15. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y.,for 1910-1912.

Day.

1910. 

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

July. Aug. Sept.

194

194

m

257

388

1,130

707

231

231

292

167

292

210

210

194

Oct.

231

231

399

311

311

348

543

473

367

399

508

388

292

311

257

Nov.

348

292

329

441

694

889

748

388

311

388

388

473

348

339

OOQ

Dec.

292

292

257

273

301

301

431

367

292

399

301

431

441

543

616

Day.

1910. 

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21...^......

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

28..........

29..........

Qf\

31..........

July.

)

Aug.

329

249

311

257

226

226

210

210

210

210

187

187

210

181

167

Sept.

202

226

202

210

187

202

194

210

194

167

181

273

265

249

273

Oct.

210

210

231

210

226

202

210

226

257

292

241

367

1,180

762

367

329

Nov.

399

292

273

367

265

409

367

329

301

339

311

257

311

257

301

Dec.

555

473

452

616

473

339

452

431

388

452

748

409

311

348

348

776
112 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y., for 1910-191% 

Continued.

Day.

1911. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11...............

12..............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16. ..............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21... ............

22. ..............

23............. ..

24. ..............

25...............

25...............

27...............

28...............

29.. ....... ..--..

30<?l

1912. 

1...............

2. ..............

5... ............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10.......;.....-.

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

14..........,.--.

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19. ..............

20. ..............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1,000

1,070

776

668

426

310

434

362

416

434

587

493

472

278

345

345

310

233

199

162

225

181

155

193

218

218

181

302

256

218

Feb.

188

205

422

578

155

155

181

155

249

150

145

155

233

205

155

181

155

139

134

134

145

118

165

142

165

165

384

192

178

232

192

165

192

Mar.

330

199

185

199

296

407

217

211

189

196

217

446

388

426

585

538

277

215

245

286

259

369

1,700

485

832

1,260

2,000

1,100

776

567

218

199

205

211

205

192

218

185

205

199

148

154

178

159

165

241

496

694

818

1,230

889

642

431

273

292

329

257

311

918

1,020

1,040

Apr.

473

555

629

409

2,450

4,880

2,340

962

1,050

990

1,000

1,300

2,570

3,940

2,340

1,510

1,250

1,130

1,070

976

889

1,230

1,800

2,220

3,210

3,940

3,940.

1,440

1,070

642

567

1,180

4,250

9,510

6,210

2,110

1,510

1,160

1,000

1,070

1,070

2,940

7,270

4,880

1,900

3,350

2,110

1,510

1,510

5,870

2,450

1,700

1,160

1,510

1,700

1,160

860

May.

4,250

9,130

2,690

1,700

1,080

932

1,000

1,600

1,900

1,900

1,600

1,800

1,420

776

707

508

1,280

520

707

681

485

555

496

629

734

707

532

399

399

292

265

694

918

804

776

642

1,080

1,510

1,700

1,420

1,160

874

947

1,510

1,700

1,080

860

2,110

1,800

1,250

1,070

5,530

4,880

2,570

1,600

1,700

1,510

947

947

1,700

4,250

2,820

June.

441

603

358

378

282

339

249

452

520

485

578

1,330

1,020

818

904.

790

532

399

358

329

301

282

320

160

420

265

241

249

257

2,000

1,330

1,100

976

846

681

655

567

473

452

409

388

367

348

388

388-

273

320

292

311

249

282

257

218

194

181

226

167

167

154

July.

265

187

249

194

181

181

194

174

147

174

167

140

167

117

117

154

167

202

273

210

167

167

122

147

154

194

358

160

160

160

194

167

51

154

92

668

257

257

249

226

194

292

320

181

226

301

226

292

194

187

181

51

339

348

282

241

210

147

154

181

210

167

Aug.

140

147

147

154

127

122

167

181

194

160

167

134

140

147

140

167

140

127

117

154

241

147

167

160

210

160

154

167

226

257

218

167

167

210

226

257

265

241

226

210

202

218

590

358

329

292

292

257

181

218

218

174

174

167

154

181

241

543

578

452

388

292

Sept.

202

174

174

174

181

590

832

409

218

226

210

226

241

210

210

249

202

273

210

210

167

241

210

181

292

226

257

210

226

257

257

543

567

409

409

642

642

567

409

292

388

409

329

273

202

616

776

496

1,180

1,700

1,510

1,160

694

832

629

603

462

452

520

1,510

Oct.

226

292

257

273

1,080

804

520

320

348

329

329

265

226

218

226

218

181

265

1,100

846

655

720

860

668

496

388

348

339

241

241

265

1,040

776

567

496

367

388

348

292

226

292

339

329

1,070

694

590

520

388

378

409

508

388

311

358

1,130

5,200

2,220

1,510

1,080

804

590

567

Nov.

273

339

348

329

218

249

339

762

590

452

452

531

1,210

681

485

388

362

409

430

367

348

292

257

311

329

134

234

265

616

616

520

889

590

532

473

473

496

4,880

2,340

1,510

720

590

976

1,420

1,800

1,510

976

860

603

603

590

532

543

532

578

543

520

496

485

452

Dec.

566

462

329

409

348

329

273

282

320

234

578

1,700

4,250

2,000

1,230

832

790

655

452

776

578

367

1,420

1,700

976

776

554

496

889

1,700

1,700

431

485

1,800

1,250

947

1,230

1,600

1,000

655

748

642

508

555

543

431

'441

555

567

932

367

14

9

616

748

832

790

694

496

409

367

388

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve. For the period during which ice 

was present, Feb. 25 to Mar. 23, 1911, and Jan. 6 to Mar. 15, 1912, coefficients varying from 80 to 90 per 

cent were applied to the open-water discharge. These coefficients are based on discharge measurements 

but the daily discharge for these periods can be considered only approximate.
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 113

Monthly discharge ofAusabk River at Ausable Forks, N. Y., far 1910-1912.

[Drainage area, 487 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum. Mean.

Per 

square 

mile.

Run-ofl 

(depth in 

inches on

drainage

Accuracy.

1910.

August 17-31............................ 329

September.............................. 1,130

October................................. 1,180

November.............................. 889

December............................... 776

1911.

March................................... 2.000

April.................................... 4,880

May..................................... 9,130

June.................................... 1,330

July..................................... 358

August.................................. 257

September.............................. 832

October................................. 1,100

November.............................. 1,210

December............................... 4,250

1912.

January................................. 1,070

February............................... 384

March................................... 1,230

April.................................... 9,510

May..................................... 5,530

June.................................... 2,000

July..................................... 668

August.................................. 590

September.............................. 1,700

October................................. 5,200

November.............................. 4,880

December..'............................. 1,800

The year.......................... 9,510

167

167

202

257

257

185 

473 

265 

160 

117 

117 

167 

181 

-134 

234

225

271

351

383

423

510

1,720

1,340

470

182

164

256

437

421

902

155

118

148

567

642

154

51

154

202

226

452

401

176

410

2,490

1,690

489

224

273

649

780

934

679

0.462

.556

,721

.786

1.05

3.53

2.75

.965

.374

.337

.526

.897

.864

1.85

.823

.361

.842

5.11

3.47

1.00

.460

.561

1.33

1.60

1.92

1.39

0.26

.62

.83

.88

1.00

1.21

3.94

3.17

1.08

.43

.39

.59

1.-03

.96

2.13

.95

.39

.97

5.70

4.00

1.12

.53

.65

1.48

1.84

2.14

1.60

765 1.57 27.37

EAST CHEEK NEAR RUTLAND, VT.

Location. At Lester Bridge, on the road from Rutland to Brandon, Vt., about 3 miles 

north of Rutland, 2J miles below the union of the two branches which drain Blue 

Ridge Mountain, and 3J miles above the confluence with Otter River.

Records available. August 9, 1911, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 47 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff, fastened to the left-hand downstream side of the bridge.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge or by wading. None made 

during 1912.

Artificial control. The flow of the stream is regulated by two dams near the headwaters and one dam about a mile below the station. The upper dams store considerable water. The relation between gage height and discharge is not affected 

by backwater from the dam below.

Accuracy. Diurnal fluctuation of discharge caused by the operation of the mills 

above the station makes the computation of the mean daily flow, based on two 

observations, incorrect. It is considered advisable, however, to publish the gage 

reader's observations pending studies to determine the best use of them. 

1572° WSP 324 13 8
114 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of East Creek near Rutland, Vt.,for 191%. 

[M. Lester, observer.]

Day.

1...................

2...................

3...................

4... ................

5...................

6...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11

March.

A.M.

12. ..........................

IS................... 1 ........

14..

15...................

16. ..................

17. ..................

18...................

19. ..................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Day.

1... ................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16. ..................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28. ..................

29...................

30...................

31...................

3.85 

3.7 

3.85 

3.9 

4.2

3.8 

3.88 

3.7 

3.65 

3.5

3.6 

3.5 

3.58 

3.85 

3.95 

3.72

P.M.

3.8

3.7 

4.0 

4.3 

4.45 

4.0

4.0 

3.7 

3.78 

3.6 

3.62

3.65 

3.85 

3.9 

4.7 

4.05 

4.2

August.

A.M.

3.75 

3.6 

3.65 

3.85 

3.7

3.9 

3.7 

3.68 

3.6 

3.58

3.75 

3.85 

3.75 

3.8 

3.8

3.9 

3.8 

3.65 

3.6 

3.48

3.7 

3.88 

3.7 

3.5 

3.52

3.55 

3.8 

3.35 

3.8 

3.58 

3.6

P.M.

3.7 

3.7 

3.9 

3.8 

3.8

3.75 

3.7 

3.65 

3.85 

3.7

3.7 

3.9 

3.55 

3.82 

3.95

3.8 

3.72 

3.52 

3.85 

3.7

3.88 

3.75 3.8- 

3.72 

3.65

3.92 

3.7 

3.82 

3.75 

3.8 

3.85

April.

A.M.

4.05 

3.82 

3.7 

3.65 

3.72

4.2 

4.6 

5.12 

3.88 

3.75

3.8 

3.7 

4.0 

4.0 

3.75

4.35 

4.7 

4.62 

4.95 

4.7

4.7 

4.65 

4.7 

4.55 

4.6

4.55 

4.75 

4.5 

4.3 

4.25

P.M.

4.35 

4.2 

3.7 

3.8 

4.75

5.0 

5.35

4.7 

3.8 

3.85

3.82 

4.15 

4.02 

3.8 

4.4

5.0 

4.7 

4.52 

5.0 

4.75

4.7 

4.62 

4.7 

4.75 

4.6

4.6 

4.55 

4.35 

4.3 

4.25

September.

A.M.

3.55 

3.98 

3.7 

3.7 

3.6

3.9 

3.5 

3.55 

3.5 

3.6

3.55 

3.8 

3.78 

3.7 

3.58

4.2 

3.4 

3.3 

3.55 

4.15

4.2 

3.65 

3.48 

3.45 

3.4

3.32 

3.75 

3.3 

3.22 

3.8

P.M.

3.85 

3.95 

3.8 

3.75 

3.7

3.85 

3.72 

3.7 

3.62 

3.7

3.9 

3.8 

3.9 

3.8 

3.8

3.75 

3.8 

3.7 

3.95 

4.12

3.9 

3.8 

3.85 

3.78 

3.45

3.72

3.75 

3.8 

3.7 

3.75

May.

A.M.

4.0 

3.85 

3.8 

3.72 

3.68

3.6 

3.75 

3.7 

3.62 

3.75

3.8 

3.6 

3.75 

3.85 

3.72

3.7 

4.65 

4.02 

4.1 

4.3

4.6 

4.85 

4.62 

4.45 

4.12

3.88 

3.75 

3.7 

3.5 

4.3 

5.0

P.M.

4.08 

3.9 

3.9 

3.8 

3.6

3.9 

3.82 

3.8 

4.0 

4.0

3.6 

3.6 

3.8 

3.9

3.88

4.05 

4.5 

4.15 

4.2 

4.4

4.68 

4.7 

4.6 

4.5 

4.0

3.9

3.8 

3.75 

3.85 

4.8 

5.35

October.

A.M.

3.22 

3.65 

3.45 

3.4 

3.4

3.4 

3.6 

3.48 

3.4 

3.25

3.2 

3.2 

3.32 

3.25 

3.15

3.4 

3.45 

3.4 

3.35 

3.3

3.1 

3.12

3.25 

4.45 

4.6

4.05 

3.85 

3.7 

3.68 

3.7 

3.6

P.M.

3.98 

3.85 

3.7 

3.82 

3.78

3.82 

3.85 

3.9 

3.92 

3.9

4.0 

3.88 

3.45 

3.82 

3.78

3.8 

3.9 

3.88 

3.8 

3.75

3.92 

3.88 

4.6 

4.7 

4.28

4.22 

3.72 

3.8 

3.78 

3.75 

3.7

June.

A.M.

4.7 

4.7 

4.62 

4.55

4.25 

4.25 

3.85 

3.72 

3.75

3.4 

3.25 

3.55 

3.42 

3.48

3.42 

3.6 

3.45 

3.4 

3.35

3.3 

3.3 

3.25 

3.22 

3.2

3.22 

3.3 

3.25 

3.2 

3.5

P.M.

4.75 

4.7 

4.6 

4.5

4.3 

4.0 

3.9 

3.7 

3.62

3.4 

3.5 

3.65 

3.6 

3.5

3.68 

3.6 

3.6 

3.5 

3.9

3. 2 

3.6 

3.4

3:6 

3.58

3.7 

3.7 

3.6 

3.55 

3.42

November.

A.M.

3.6 

3.7 

3.55 

3.5 

3.65

3.5 

3.5 

4.25 

3.8 

3.5

3.65 

3.72 

3.7 

3.75 

3.8

3.5 

3.6 

3.6 

3.5 

3.55

3.6 

3.62 

3.6 

3.55 

3.4

3.6 

3.62 

3.7 

3.5 

3.65

P.M.

3.92 

3.8 

3.6 

3.8 

3.68

3.65 

3.95 

4.0 

3.62 

3.8

3.9 

3.92 

3.95 

3.9 

3.85

3.72 

3.52 

3.7 

3.72 

3.9

3.85 

3.7 

3.72 

3.42 

3.8

3.85 

3.85 

3.5 

4.0 

3.65

July.

A.M.

3.35 

3.3 

3.5 

3.4 

3.55

3.4 

3.45 

3.5 

3.4 . 

3.65

3.55 

3.5 

3.5 

3.65 

3.4

3.4 

3.3 

3.48 

3.65 

3.55

3.55 

3.9 

3.55 

3.6 

3.6

3.6 

3.55 

3.58 

3.75 

3.7 

3.7

P.M.

3.5 

3.55 

3.5 

3.6 

3.62

3.6

3.48 

3.65 

3.9 

3.68

3.6

3.55 

3.6 

3.65 

3.55

3.55 

3.7 

3.6 

3.78 

3.7

3.75 

3.7 

3.75 

3<7 

3.75

3.7 

3.7 

3.7 

3.78 

3.75 

3.8

December.

A.M.

3.55 

3.42 

3.65 

3.88 

3.7

3.95 

3.6 

3. 6 

3.55 

3.7

3.68 

3.6 

3.7 

3.6 

3.6

3.55 

3.75 

3.65 

4.0 

4.05

3.7 

3.68 

3.55 

3.5 

3.6

3.7 

3.58 

3.65 

3.5 

3.45 

4.0

P.M.

3.5

4.4 

4.0 

4.05 

4.0

4.05 

4.02 

3.6 

4.0 

3.85

3.95 

3.9 

3.9

3.85 

3.78

3.9 

3.88 

3.85 

4.2 

3.92

3.9 

3.5 

3.88 

3.72 

3.5

3.9 

3.8 

3.68 

3.4 

4.15 

4.1

NOTE. Ice went out of the creek about Mar. 15. Gage read about 6 a. m. tod 6 p. m.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 115

WINOOSKI BIVEB AT MQNTPELIEB, VT.

Location. At the covered wooden highway bridge near the Central Vermont Railroad station in Montpelier and near the plant of the Colton Manufacturing Co., 

just above the mouth of Dog River.

Becords available. May 19, 1909, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. Not measured.

Gage. Chain, attached to the highway bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from a footbridge about half a mile below the 

highway bridge.

Winter flow. Relation between gage height and discharge during the winter 

months is sometimes affected by ice.

Accuracy. Diurnal fluctuation of discharge, caused by artificial control of the stream 

above this station, makes the computation of the mean daily flow based on two 

observations incorrect. A portable automatic gage was set up at this station 

on October 11, 1912, and a continuous record of gage heights was obtained from 4 

p. m. until midnight October 12 and from 1 p. m. October 14 until October 17. 

The hourly gage heights recorded by this instrument are shown in the following 

table. Estimates of daily flow made from these hourly gage heights and from semidaily readings for October 12,15,16, and 17 show that estimates of daily flow based 

on two readings would be in error 37 per cent, 52 per cent, 61 per cent, and 66 per 

cent, respectively. As a good rating curve has been developed, however, it is 

considered advisable to publish the gage reader's observations, together with the 

rate of flow corresponding to each.

Hourly gage heights of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt.,from portable automatic gage.

Hour.

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

Noon.

1 

2 

3

4 

5 

6

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

Midnight.

October.

11.

........

........

4.35 

4.42 

4.26

3.81 

3. 79 

3.78 

3.59 

3.59 

3.58

12.

3.47

3.53 

3.55

3.55 

3.55

4.07

4.07 

4.07

4.07

4.06

4.03

4.14 

4.21 

4.22 

4.22 

4.23 

4.24

4.25 

4.21 

4.20 

4.23

4.26 

4.76

14.

........

........

........

4.61 

4.66 

4.67 

4.66 

4.46 

4.29

4.53 

4.46 

4.40 

4.28 

4.19 

4.20

15.

4.12 

4.11

4.08 

4.08 

4.07 

4.04

4.54 

4.59 

4.59 

4.55 

4.58 

4.37

4.53

4.57 

4.55 

4.65 

4.65 

4.37

4.36 

4.34 

4.34 

4.32 

4.29 

4.26

16.

4.22 

4.19 

4.18 

4.15 

4.14 

4.14

4.54 

4.54 

4.53 

4.54 

4.54 

4.27

4.52 

4.52 

4.53 

4.53 

4.53 

4.25

4.00 

4.00 

4.00 

4.00 

4.00 

3.98

17.

3.97 

3.97 

3.96 

3.95 

3.94 

3.94

4.20 

4.52 

4.49 

4.37 

4.19 

4.29

4.25 

4.53 

4.53 

4,50 

4. 48 

4.10

4.22 

4.25 

4.26 

4.25 

4.25 

4.25
116 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Discharge measurements of Winooski Rvoer at Montpelier, Vt., in 1912.

Date.

Feb. 19o

Sept. 46

Oct. 12e

13 c

14 c

Hydrographer.

G.H.Canfleld... .........................................................

J. G.Mathers.................................................. ............

C. S. De Golyer . . .........................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.77

4.08

4.01

4.85

4.51

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

174

203

180

554

341

« Made under complete ice cover 2,000 feet downstream from bridge. 

6 Made at foot bridge below gage. 

« Made by wading below the gage.

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River at Montpelier,

Vt., for 1912.

[Raymond Colton, observer.]

Day.

1..............

3..............

5..............

6.............. 

7..............

8..............

9.............. 10..............

11..............

12... ........... 

13.. ............ 

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18.............. 

19..............

20.............. 

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

January.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

4.6

4.65

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.5 

4.6

4.6

4.65

4.6

4.7 

4.7

4.9

4.7 

5.1 

4.9 

4.7 

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.9

4.8

4.85 

4.8 

4.75

4.8

4.7

4.8

Discharge.

.......

.......

.......

P.M.

Gage 

height.

4.6

4.65

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.5 

4.6

4.6 

4.65

4.6

4.7 

4.7

4.9

4.7

5.0 

4.9 

4.7

5.0

4.9 

4.8

4.8

4.9

4.8

4.85

4.8

4.75 

4.8

4.7

4.8

Discharge.

.......

.......

.......

February.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

.......

.......

.......

Discharge.

.......

.......

P.M.

Gage 

leight.

5.0

4.9

4.7

4.8

4.8

4.85 

4.8

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.9

4.9

4.8

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.7 

4.9 

4.7

4.7

4.8

5.0

5.05

4.9

5.0

4.9

5.0

5.0

5.0

Discharge.

.......

.......

.......

March.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

.......

.......

.......

Discharge.

.......

.......

.......

P.M.

Gage 

height.

5.0

4 9

4.9 

5.05

5.1

5.0

5.05

5.2

5.0

4 9

5.2

5.2

5.4

5.3

5.25

5.4

5.4 

5.9

6.5

7.5 

6.9

6.1

6.1

5.3

5.2

4.9

4.9

7.1

9.3

8 Q

8.1

Discharge.

.......

.......
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 117

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of WinoosJd River at Montpelier,

Vt.,for 1912 Continued.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17. .............

18. .............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30...............

31..............

April.

A.M.

&.

11.9 

9.0 

7.3

7.3 

7.1 

7.6 

7.5

7.7

9.9 

10.0 

8.3 

8.2 

8.1

7.5 

7.1 

8.6 

7.1 

6.7

6.3 

6.2 

5.9 

5.7 

5.5

Discharge.

9,500 

5,020 

2,780

2,780 

2,540 

3,140 

3,020 

3,270

6,340 

6,490 

4,050 

3,920 

3,790

3,020 

2,540 

4,460 

2,540 

2,080

1,660 

1,560 

1,300 

1,130 

980

P.M.

Gage 

height.

5.8 

5.9 

6.3 

6.3

7.4

7.9 

14.4 

9.9 

8.4

7.7

7.5 

7.7 

7.1 

7.6 

8.6

10.9 

9.3

8.5 

8.0 

7.5

7.2 

6.8 

7.6 

7.2 

6.4

6.35 

6.0 

5.8 

5.7 

5.3

Discharge.

1,210 

1,300 

1,660 

1,660 

2,900

3,530 

15,000 

6,340 

4,180 

3,270

3,020 

3,270 

2,540 

3,140 

4,460

7,900 

5,440 

4,320 

3,660 

3,020

2,660 

2,190 

3,140 

2,660 

1,760

1,710

1,380 

1,210 

1.130 

840

May.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

5.2 

5.1 

4.9 

5.0 

5.0

5.2 

5.8 

5.2 

5.0 

5.1

5.0 

4.8 

4.8 

6.6 

5.4

5.6 

7.5 

6.2 

5.6 

5.3

9.3 

8.4 

7.4 

6.8 

6.4

6.2 

5.6 

5.4 

5.5 

9.6 

9.8

Discharge.

775 

710 

590 

650 

650

775 

1,210 

775 

650 

710

650 

535 

535 

1,970 

910

1,060 

3,020 

1,560 

1,060 

840

5,440 

4,180 

2,900 

2,190 

1,760

1,560 

1,060 

910 

980 

5,890 

6,190

P.M.

Gage 

height.

5.1 

5.0 

4.95 

5.05 

5.0

6.0 

5.3 

5.1 

5.05 

5.0

4.8 

4.7 

4.8 

6.1 

5.4

5.2 

7.2 

6.0 

5.4 

5.4

8.7 

7.8 

7.4 

6.6 

6.3

5.8 

5.6 

5.3 

6.7 

9.8 

10.1

Discharge.

710 

650 

620 

680 

650

1,380 

840 

710 

680 

650

535

480 

535 

1,470 

910

775 

2,660 

1,380 

910 

910

4,600 

3,400 

2,900 

1,970 

1,660

1,210 

1,060 

840 

2,080 

6,190 

6,640

June.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

8.7 

7.4 

7-0 

6.3 

6.0

6.2 

5.4 

5.3 

5.2 

5.3

5.3 

5.2 - 

5.1 

5.0 

4.8

4.7 

4.6 

4.55 

4.5 

4.4

4.6 

4.4 

4.4 

4.4 

4.5

4.45 

4.3 

4.3 

4.2 

4? 25 

4.2

Discharge.

4,600 

2,900 

2,420 

1,660 

1,380

1,560 

910 

840 

775 

840

840 

775 

710 

650 

535

480 

430 

406 

381 

334

430 

334 

334 

334 

381

358 

289 

289 

246 

268 

246

P.M.

Gage 

height.

8.3 

7.2 

6.6 

6.3 

6.1

5.8 

5.5 

5.35 

5.1 

5.2

5.3 

5.1

5.1 

4.8 

4.7

4.75 

4.55 

4.5 

4.5 

4.5

4.4 

4.4 

4.4 

4.4 

4.4

4.4 

4.3 

4.2 

4.2 

4.25 

4.2

Discharge.

4,050 

2,660 

1,970 

1,660 

1,470

1,210 

980 

875 

710 

775

840 

710 

710 

535 

480

508 

406 

381 

381 

381

334 

334 

334 

334 

334

 334 

289 

246 

246 

268 

246
118 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET IV.

Daily gaye height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River at Montpelier,

Vt.,for 1912 Continued.

Day.

1... ...........

5..............

6. .............

7. .............

8... ...........

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13

14.. ............

15..............

16..............

17... ...........

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21. .............

23... ...........

24..............

25..............

26..............

97

28... ...........

on

30..............

31..............

July.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

4.2 

4.1 

4.0 

3.9 

3.8

3.6 

3.5 

3.45 

3.5 

3.6

4.0 

4.4- 

4.3 

4.3 

4.3

4.2 

4.2 

4.2 

4.1 

4.0

3.6 

4.7 

4.5 

4.3 

4.2

3.9 

4.0 

4.05 

4.0 

4.1 

4.2

Discharge.

246 

206 

168 

132 

100

51 

33 

26 

33 

51

168 

334 

289 

289 

289

246 

246 

246 

206 

168

51

480 

381 

289 

246

132

168 

187 

168 

 206 

246

P.M.

Gage 

height.

4.2 

4.2 

4.0 

3.8 

3.65

3.5 

3.5 

3.4 

3.6 

3.6

4.1 

4.3 

4.2 

4.2 

4.3

4.3

4.2 

4.15 

4.1 

3.9

4.0 

4.2 

4.3 

4.3 

4.1

3.65 

4.0 

4.0 

4.0 

4.2 

4.3

Discharge.

246 

246 

168 

100 

62

33 

33 

19 

51 

51

206 

289 

246 

246 

289

289 

246 

226 

206 

132

168 

246 

289 

289 

206

62 

168 

168 

168 

246 

289

August.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

4.3 

4.2 

4.2 

4.3 

4.3

4.3 

4.3 

4.3 

4.3 

4.3

4.5 

4.5 

4.3 

4.1 

4.0

4.1 

4.1 

4.3 

4.1 

4.0

4.1 

4.1 

3.8 

3.7 

3.6

4.1 

4.0 

4.05 

4.0 

4.1 

3.9

Discharge.

289 

246 

246 

289 

289

289 

289 

289 

289 

289

381 

381

289 

206 

168

206 

206 

289 

206 

168

206 

206 

100 

73 

51

206 

168 

187 

168 

206 

132

P.M.

Gage 

height.

4.2 

4.2 

4.3 

4.5 

4.3

4.3 

4.3 

4.3 

4.3 

4.4

4.5 

4.6 

4.25 

4.1 

4.1

4.15 

4.2 

4.3 

4.0 

4.0

4.1 

4.1 

3.9 

3.6 

3.6

4.05 

4.0 

4.0 

4.0 

4.1 

3.9

Discharge.

246 

246 

289 

381 

289

289 

289 

289 

289 

334

381 

430 

268 

206 

206

226 

246 

289 

168 

168

206 

206 

132 

51 

51

187 

168 

168 

168 

206 

132

September.

A.M.

G-age 

height.

4.0 

3.9 

4.6 

4.25 

4.3

4.35 

4.4 

4.0 

4.2 

4.1

4.2 

4.2 

4.15 

4.15 

4.7

4.8 

4.9 

4.8 

4.75 

4.9

5.5 

5.0 

4.6 

4.6 

4.5

4.5 

4.4 

4.4 

5.4 

4.9

Lischarge.

168 

132 

430 

268 

289

312 

334 

168 

246 

206

246 

246 

226 

226 

480

535 

590 

535 

508 

590

980 

650 

430 

430 

381

381 

334 

334 

910 

590

P.M.

Gage 

height.

4.1

4.2 

4.4 

4.2 

4.2

4.4 

4.45 

4.0 

4.25 

4.1

4.2 

4.4 

4.15 

4.2 

5.0

4.9 

4.7 

4.8 

4.8 

5.6

5.3 

4.8 

4.5 

4.5 

4.5

4.4 

4.35 

4.5 

5.4 

4.75

Discharge.

206 

246 

334

246 

246

334

358 

168 

268 

206

246 

334 

226 

246 

650

590 

480 

535 

535 

1,060

840 

535 

381 

381 

381

334

312 

381 

910 

508
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER.

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Winooski River at Montpelier,

Vt.,for 1912 Continued.

Day.

1...... ........

2.............

3.............

4.............

5.............

6.............

7.............

8.............

9..............

10. .............

11..............

12..............

13. .............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24. .............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

October.

A.M.

height.

4.7 

4.G5 

4.4 

4.25 

4.2

3.9 

4.3 

4.3 

4.3 

4.3

4.1 

4.1 

4.7 

4.4 

4.4

4.4

4.35 

4.25 

4.0 

3.9

4.3 

4.15 

4.0 

10.2 

8.0

6. 3 

5.5 

5.0 

4.7 

4.7 

4.7

-Discharge.

480 

455 

334 

268 

246

132 

289 

289 

289 

289

206 

206 

480 

334 

334

334 

312 

268 

168 

132

289 

226 

168 

6,790 

3,660

1,660 

980 

650 

480 

480 

480

P.M.

Gage 

height.

4.7 

4.5 

4.4 

4.1 

4.0

3.8 

4.3 

4.3 

4.2 

4.3

4.2 

4.1 

4.5 

4.4 

4.6

4.4 

4.3 

4.25 

3.9 

3.9

4.3 

4.1 

4.4

8.8 

7,3

6.0 

5.3 

5.1 

4.7 

4.9 

4.7

Discharge.

480 

381 

334 

206 

168

100

289 

289 

246 

289

246 

206 

381 

334 

430

334 

289 

268 

132 

132

289 

206 

334 

4,740 

2,780

1,380 

840 

710 

480 

590 

480

November.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

4.7 

4.7 

4.6 

4.6 

4.6

4.6 

4.6 

7.0 

6.2 

5.4

5.0 

5.4 

5.2 

7.0 

6.3

5.4 

5.3 

5.2 

4.8 

4.8

4.7 

4.8 

4.8 

4.8 

4.8

4.8 

4.9

4.8 

4.8 

4.7

Discharge.

480 

480 

430 

430 

430

430 

430 

2,420 

1,560 

910

650 

910 

775 

2,420 

1,660

910 

840 

775 

535 

535

480 

535 

535 

535 

535

535 

590 

535 

535 

480

P.M.

Gage 

height.

4.7 

4.8 

4.65 

4.6 

4.5

4.7 

4.6 

6.8 

6.0 

5.3

5.1 

5.4 

5.0 

6.9 

6.0

5.3 

5.3 

5.0 

4.8 

4.8

4.8 

4.8 

4.8 

4.9 

4.8

4.8 

4.8 

4.8 

4.8 

4.75

Discharge.

480 

535 

455 

430 

381

480 

430 

2,190 

1,380 

840

710 

910 

650 

2,300 

1,380

840 

840 

650 

535 

535

535 

535 

535 

590 

535

535 

535 

535 

535 

508

December.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

4.8 

4.7 

5.0 

4.8 

5.3

5.2 

5.0 

4.8 

4.8 

4.8

4.7 

4.8 

4.8 

4.7

4.8

4.6 

4.6 

4.7 

5.0 

5.1

4.8 

4.35 

4.3 

4.3 

4.4

4.4 

4.4 

4.5 

4.5 

4.5 

5.1

Discharge.

535 

480 

650 

535 

840

775 

650 

535 

535 

535

480 

535 

535 

480 

535

430 

430 

480 

650 

710

535 

312 

289 

289 

334

334 

334 

381 

381 

381 

710

P.M.

Gage 

height.

4.8 

4.7 

4.8 

4.8 

5.4

5.0

4.8 

4.8 

4.9 

4.8

4.8 

4.8 

4.7 

4.8 

4.8

4.65 

4.7 

4.7 

5.3

4.8

4.6 

4.3 

4.3 

4.3 

4.4

4.35 

4.55 

4.5 

4.45 

4.5 

5.2

Discharge.

535 

480 

535 

535 

910

650 

535 

535 

590 

535

535 

535 

480 

535 

535

455 

480 

480 

840 

535

430 

289 

289 

289 

334

312 

406 

381 

358 

381 

775

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice from first part of January until the latter 

part of March; from the beginning of the period, ice forming rapidly until 30 inches thick, gage heights 

were read to water surface. Readings were taken at 8.30 a. m. and 4.30 p. m. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined below 8,000 second-feet.

WOBCESTEB BBANCH OF WINOOSKI BIVEB AT MONTPELIEB, VT.

Location. At Montpelier, a short distance below the plant of the Lane Manufacturing Co., near the junction of Worcester Branch with the main stream.

Becords available. May 15, 1909, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. Not measured.

Gage. Vertical staff, fastened to a stone wall and tree about 100 feet below the plant; 

datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from a steel highway bridge about 300 feet 

below the gage.

Winter flow. Relation between gage height and discharge during the winter months 

is materially affected by ice.

Accuracy. Diurnal fluctuation of discharge, caused by artificial control of the stream 

above this station, makes the computation of the mean daily flow, based on two 

observations, inaccurate, but as a good rating curve has been developed it is considered advisable to publish the gage reader's observations together with the rate 

of flow corresponding to each.
120 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Discharge measurements of Worcester Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., in

1912.

Date.

Feb. 20«

Sept. 46

Oct. 126

136

146

Hydrographer.

G. H. Oanfield.. . ........................................................

.....do....................................................................

height.

Feet. 

1.59

1.45

1.11

2.79

1.95

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

30.6

69.9

22.7

329

131

<* Made under complete ice cover of first bridge below gage. 

6 Made by wading near the gage.

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Worcester Branch of WinoosH 

River at Montpelier, Vt., for 1912.

[S. A. Luke, observer.]

Day.

1.......... ..........................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28

29....................................

30....................................

31............. ......................

February.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

1.5 

1.55 

1.6 

1.5

1.5 

1.4 

1.45 

1.5

Discharge.

66 

72 

79 

66

66 

54 

60 

66

P.M.

Gage 

height.

Discharge.

March.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

1.5 

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.6 

1.7 

1.7 

1.6

1.7 

1.65 

1.7

1.7 

1.8

1.9

2.5

2 7

2.8

2.7 

2.4 

2.3

1.8

1.7 

1.5 

1.6 

2.9

4.7

Discharge.

66

54

66 

79

79 

94 

94 

79

94 

86 

94 

94 

110

127

258 

309

335

309 

234 

210

110

94 

66 

79 

362 

954

P.M.

Gage 

height.

1.4

1.7

2.4

1.7

3.9

Discharge.

54

94

234

94

666
STEEAMS TEIBUTAEY TO ST. LAWRENCE EIVER. 121

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Worcester Branch of Winoosld 

River at Montpelier, Vt., for 1912 Continued.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16. .............

17. .............

IS. .............

19..............

20..............

21.............

22..............

23..............

24. .............

25..............

26. .............

27. .............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

April.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

4.4 

3.2 

2.7 

2.4 

2.0

4.0 

5.7 

10.0 

4.0 

3.2

2.8 

3.2 

3.4 

3.5 

3.5

4.5 

5.8 

4.0 

4.0 

3.6

3.2 

5.5 

3.3 

2.9

2.8 

2.6 

2.6 

2.3 

2.0

Discharge.

842 

447 

309 

234 

145

700 

1,350 

3,540 

700 

447

335 

447 

506 

536 

536

878 

1,400 

700 

700 

568

447 

1,270 

476 

362

335 

283 

283 

210 

145

P.M.

Gage 

height.

3.8 

3.0 

2.6 

2.3

2.7

4.5 

10.0 

6.0 

3.8 

3.9

3.2

4.0 

4.0

4.5

7.5 

4.7 

4.5 

4.2 

3.2

3.3 

3.1 

4.3 

3.0

2.8

2.6 

2.8 

2.4 

1.9 

1.9

Discharge.

632 

390 

283 

210 

309

878 

3,540 

1,480 

632 

666

447 

700 

700

878

2,180 

954

878 

770 

447

476 

418 

806 

390 

335

283 

335 

234 

127 

127

May.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

2.0 

1.9 

1.8 

1.8

1.8 

2.4 

2.05 

1.85 

1.8

1.7

1.6 

2.7 

2.0

1.7 

3.6 

3.3

2.1

6.1

3.9 

3.9

2.8 

2.7

2.1 

1.9 

1.8 

4.6 

5.0

Discharge.

145 

127 

110 

110

110 

234 

155 

118 

110

94

79 

309 

145

94 

568 

476

165

1,530 

666 

666 

335 

309

165 

127 

110 

916 

1,070

P.M.

Gage 

height.

2.0 

1.9 

1.7 

1.8 

1.6

2.9 

2.1 

1.9 

1.8 

1.8

1.7 

1.6 

1.7 

2.2 

1.9

2.0 

3.5 

2.8 

2.4 

2.4

. 5.0 

 3.2 

3.1 

2.6 

2.8

2.3 

2.0 

1.8 

2.4 

4.4 

4.9

Discharge.

145 

127 

94 

110 

79

362 

165 

127 

110 

110

94 

79 

94 

187 

127

145 

536 

335 

234 

234

1,070 

447 

418 

2S3 

335

210 

145 

110 

234 

842 

1,030

June.

A. M.

Gage 

height.

5.4 

3.0 

2.8 

2.8 

2.4

2.1 

2.3 

2.0 

2.0 

1.6

1.4 

1.3 

1.4 

1.4 

1.3

1.5 

1.3 

1.3 

1.2

1.2 

1.2

1.1 

1.1

1.0 

.9 

1.0 

1.0

Discharge.

1,230 

390 

335 

335 

234

165 

210 

145 

145 

79

54 

43 

54 

54 

43

66 

43 

43 

34

34 

34

25

25

17 

10 

17 

17

P.M.

Gage 

height.

4.1

2.8 

3.2 

2.5 

2.2

2.0 

2.1 

1.9 

1.7 

1.7

1.8 

1.5 

1.6 

1.6 

1.5

1.5 

1.4 

1.5 

1.4 

1.4

1.3

1.3 

1.2 

1.2 

1.3

1.25 

1.3 

1.4 

1.0 

1.0

Discharge.

734 

335 

447 

258 

187

145 

165 

127 

94 

94

110

66 

79 

79 

66

66 

54 

66 

54 

54

43 

43 

34 

34 

43

38 

43 

54 

17

17
122

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Worcester Branch of WinoosH 

River at Montpelier, Vt.,for 1912 Continued.

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12. .............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22.. . .........

2?i. .............

24..............

26..............

27..............

28. .............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

July.

A.M.

height.

1.0 

1.0

.8 

.9 

.9

.7

.7 

.6 

.4

.4 

.5 

.4

.7

.4 

.6 

.7 

1.0 

.6

1.3 

1.2 

1.2 

1.1

.9

.8

.8

.7 

.7

Discharge.

17 

17 

5 

10 

10

3

3 

1 

0

0 

0 

0

3

0 

1 

3 

17 

1

43 

34 

34 

25

10

5

5 

3 

3

P.M.

height.

1.2 

1.0 

1.3

.S 

1.2

1.3

.6 

1.0

.5 

.5

1.2 

1.3 

.4 

.6 

1.1

1.2 

1.4 

1.4 

1.3

.7

.9 

1.3 

1.4 

1.4 

1.3

1.3 

.9 

1.0 

1.2 

1.3 

1.4

Discharge.

34 

17 

43 

5 

34

43 

1 

17 

0 

0

34 

43 

0 

1 

25

34 

54 

54 

43 

3

10

43 

54 

54 

43

43 

10 

17 

34 

43 

54

August.

A.M.

height.

1.0 

.6

.7

1.1

1.2 

1.1 

1.1 

1.0 

1.1

1.1 

1.1 

1.2 

1.2 

1.2

1.2 

1.0

i.6

.9

.8 

1.0 

.8 

.9

1.0 

2.2 

1.4 

1.1 

1.1 

1.1

Discharge.

17 

1 

3

25

34 

25 

25 

17 

25

25 

25 

34 

34 

34

34 

17

17 

10

5 

17 

5 

10

17

187 

54 

25 

25 

25

P.M.

Gage 

height.

1.4 

1.3 

1.2 

1.0 

1.3

1.4 

1.3 

1.3 

1.3 

1.0

1.1 

1.3 

1.3 

1.3 

1.5

1.4 

1.0 

1.0 

1.1 

1.1

1.1 

1.1

1.0 

1.0 

1.0

1.3

2.0 

1.3 

1.5 

1.3 

1.3

Discharge.

54 

43 

34 

17 

43

54 

43 

43 

43 

17

25 

43 

43 

43 

66

54 

17 

17 

25 

25

25 

25 

17 

17 

17

43 

145 

43 

66 

43 

43

September.

A.M.

height.

1.1 

1.5 

1.3 

1.2

1.15 

1.2

1.15 

1.1

1.1 

1.1 

1.1 

1.1

3.0 

1.7 

1.3 

2.7 

2.5

2.2

1.4 

1.3 

1.3

1.2 

1.2 

1.35

1.7

Discharge.

25 

66 

43 

34

30 

34

30 

25

25 

25 

25 

25

390 

94 

43 

309 

258

187

54 

43 

43

34 

34 

48

94

P.M.

Gage 

height.

1.2 

1.3 

1.5 

1.5 

1.4

1.3 

1.3 

1.1 

1.3 

1.2

1.3 

1.4 

1.2 

1.2 

2.0

2.4 

1.9 

1.5 

2.5 

2.2

2,0 

1.9 

1.6 

1.5 

1.5

1.45 

1.5 

1.5 

1.2 

1.8

Discharge.

34 

43 

66 

66 

54

43 

43 

25 

43 

34

43 

54 

34 

34 

145

234 

127 

66 

258 

187

145 

127 

79 

66 

66

60 

66 

66 

34 

110
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 123

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Worcester Branch of Winooski 

River at Montpelier, Vt., for 1912 Continued.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24. ...........

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

October.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

1.7 

1.2 

1.2 

1.2

1.1 

1.1 

1.2 

1.2 

1.2

1.1 

1.1

2.8 

1.8 

1.8

1.7 

1.4 

1.3 

1.2

1.3 

1.2 

1.1

8.5 

5.1

3.1

2.2 

1.9

1.8 

1.6

Discharge.

94 

34 

34 

34

25 

25 

34 

34 

34

25 

25 

335 

110 

110

94 

54 

43 

34

43 

34 

25 

2,680. 

1,110

418

187 

127 

110 

79

P.M.

Gage 

height.

1.5 

1.5 

1.5 

1.3 

1.1

1.4 

1.3 

1.3 

1.25 

1.2

1.4 

1.2

1.9 

2.0

1.9 

1.5 

1.5 

1.4 

1.3

1.3 

1.3 

1.5

4.5 

3.9

2.9 

2.5 

2.1 

1.9 

1.8 

1.6

Discharge.

66 

66 

66 

43 

25

54 

43 

43 

38 

34

54 

34

127 

145

127

66 

66 

54 

43

43 

43 

66 

878 

666

362 

258 

165 

127 

110 

79

November.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

1.5 

1.9

1.5 

1.6

1.5 

1.5 

5.8 

3.1

2.6 

1.9 

1.9 

2.6 

3.1

2.5

2.0 

1.9

1.8

1.7 

1.9 

1.7

1.7

1.7 

1.6 

1.5 

1.4 

1.4

Discharge.

66 

127

66 

79

66 

66 

1,400 

41S

283 

127 

127

283 

418

258

145 

127 

110

94 

127 

94

94

94 

79 

66 

54 

54

P.M.

Gage 

height.

1.6 

2.1 

1.8 

1.5 

1.5

1.6 

1.9 

3.9 

2.7 

2.6

2.3 

1.7 

2.0

2.8 

2.8

2.3 

2.1

1.8 

1.8 

1.7

1.7

1.9 

1.8 

1.6 

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5 

1.5 

1.5

Discharge.

79 

25 

110 

66 

66

79 

127 666' 

309 

283

210 

94 

145 

335 

335

210 

165 

110 

110 

94

94 

127 

110 

79 

110

94 

79 

66 

66 

66

December.

A.M.

Gage 

height.

1.3 

3.7 

3.5 

2.1

2.5 

2.7

1.7 

1.7

1.7 

1.6 

1.3 

1.35

1.5 

1.3 

1.3 

1.5

2.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4 

1.35 

1.3

1.2

1.6

Discharge.

43 

600 

536 

165

258 

309

94 

94

94

79 

43 

48

66 

43 

43 

66 

283

66

66 

66

54 

48 

43

34 

79

P.M.

Gage 

height.

1.5 

1.5 

2.9 

2.8 

2.0

2.9 

2.5 

2.0 

1.8 

l.«

1.6 

1.6 

1.3 

1.5 

1.5

1.5 

1.45 

1.5 

2.7 

2.2

1.6

1.4 

1.5 

1.45 

1.4

1.4 

1.4

1.4 

1.3

1.4 

1.5

Discharge.

66 

66 

362 

335 

145

"362 

258 

145 

110 

127

79 

79 

43 

66 

66

66 

60 

66 

309

187

79 

54 

66 

60 

54

54 

54 

54 

43 

54 

66

NOTE. Gage heights read about 6.50 a. m. and 4.30 p. m. 

defined rating curve.

Daily discharge determined from a wellDOG RIVER AT NORTHFIELD, VT.

Location. At the highway bridge in Northfield, Vt., near the Norwich University grounds. Union Brook flows into Dog River a short distance below this 

station.

Records available. May 14,, 1909, to December 14, 1912. Records from May 

14, 1909, to August 23, 1910, from lower bridge. Records from August 23, 1910, 

to December 31, 1912, at present location.

Drainage area. 57 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff, attached to highway bridge.

Datum. Unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from highway bridge at high stages and by 

wading at low stages.

Winter flow. Relation between gage height and discharge during the winter 

months is seriously affected by ice.

Accuracy. The rating curve for this station is good. Diurnal fluctuation, due to 

power operations, exists to some extent, but it is not thought that it will 

materially affect computations based on semidaily observations.
124 ST7EFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET IV.

Discharge measurements of Dog River at Northfield, Vt., in 1911-12.

Date.

1911.

1912. 

Sept. 136

Hydrographer.

G. H.Canfleld. ...........................................................

J. Q. Mathers... . .........................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.00

1.28

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

12.0

29.0

a Made by wading 100 feet above the bridge. Through a typographical error this measurement was 

given incorrectly in Water Supply Paper 204. 

6 Made by wading 50.feet below the bridge.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Dog River at Northfield, Vt.,for 1913. 

[Florence Doyle, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8.. ....... ......

9

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1.65

1.52

1.52

1.60

1.52

1.46

Feb. Mar.

1.50

1.54

1.56

1.74

2.1

1.68

1.66

1.56

1.51

1.44

1.35

1.42

1 f*9

2.4

2.6

2.45

Apr.

2.7

2.2

2.0

1.86

2 95

4.8

6.1

4.9

3.4

3.2

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.8

4.0

5.6

4.4

3.9

3.9

3.2

3.2

3.0

3.6

2.9

2.85

2.7

2.7

2.4

2.25

2.05

May.

1.94

1.93

1.81

1.75

1.71

2.1

2.05

1.88

1.86

1.85

1.72

1.66

1.72

1 91

1.68

1.95

3.2

2.6

2.25

2.3

4 9

3.1

2.9

2.6

2.35

2.2

2.1

1.88

2.45

4.0

3 9

June.

3.9

2.9

2.9

2.65

2.45

2.25

2.3

2.1

1.86

1.82

1.92

1.84

1.79

1.65

1.52

1.56

1.55

1.45

1.42

1.37

1.32

1.29

1.24

1.20

1.18

1.19

1.15

1.11

1.08

1.06

July.

1.08

1.00

1.04

.99

.94

.86

1.01

1.00

.94

.92

1.06

1.00

.98

1.02

1.00

.92

.88

.90

1.22

1.00

1.06

1.44

1.14

.98

.99

.96

.92

on

.90

.90

Q4

Aug.

0.90

.92

1.12

1.02

.95

1.02

.90

.92

.90

.96

1.01

1.10

.94

1.05

1.02

.96

.96

.94

.99

.98

.90

.90

.94

.92

.92

1.00

1.26

1.02

.96

.94

94

Sept.

0.95

1.30

1.14

1.06

1.06

1.08

1.04

1.00

.92

1.05

1.08

.96

OS

.96

1.72

1.26

1.10

1.14

1.42

1.95

1.49

1.32

1.28

1.22

1.15

1.24

1.12

1.15

1.5

Oct.

1.21

1.28

1.18

1.14

1.18

1.10

1.10

1.06

1.04

1.10

1.09

1.15

1.14

1.06

1.18

1.15

1.14

1.08

1.07

1.06

1.10

1.05

1.58

5.2

3.4

2.4

2.25

2.1

1.82

1.7

Nov.

1.85

1.95

1.82

1 79

1.76

1.71

1.92

3.5

2.65

2.35

2.2

2.1

2 4

9 4

2.45

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.90

1.84

1.80

1.80

1.76

1.72

1.80

1.78

1.74

1.70

1.60

1.66

Dec.

1.74

1.70

2.9

2.3

2.05

2.5

2.3

2.1

1.85

1.88

1.82

1.58

1.60

1 CO

1.62

1.62

1.55

1.52

2.1

1.75

1.50

1.55

1 48

1.40

1.35

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.38

1.49

2.05

NOTE. Relation of gage heights to discharge affected by ice Jan. 7 to Mar. 15.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 125

Daily discharge, in second-feet., of Dog River at Northfield, Vt.,for 1912.

Day.

1............ .......

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

7...................

8...................

9..............:....

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...,.....;.........

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31

Mar.

48

52

53

71

111

65

63

53

49

43

35

41

50

149

177

1 v>

Apr.

192

123

99

84

231

682

1.320

718

312

274

239

274

312

293

440

1,030

553

419

419

97/1

274

239

353

223

215

192

149

130

105

May.

92

91

78

72

68

111

105

86

84

82

69

63

69

89

65

94

274

177

130

136

496

OCA

223

177

142

123

111

86

156

443

41Q

June.

419

223

223

184

156

10rt

136

111

84

70

90

81

76

62

Kf\

53

52

44

41

07

33

Ort

27

24

23

23

21

19

17

16

July.

17

12

14

12

10

6

13

12

10

9

16

12

11

13-

12

9

7

8

25

12

16

43

20

11

12

10

9

8

8

8

10

Aug.

8

9

19

13

10

13

8

9

8

10

13

18

10

15

13

10

10

10

12

11

8

8

10

9

9

12

28

13

10

10

10

Sept.

10

31

20

16

16

17

14

12

10

9

 15

17

10

11

10

69

28

18

20

41

94

47

33

30

25

21

27

19

21

48

Oct.

25

30

23

20

23

18

18

16

14

18

17

21

20

16

23

21

20

17

16

16

18

15

55

838

312

149

130

111

86

79

67

Nov.

82

94

79

69

73

68

90

332

184

142

123

111

149

149

156

111

99

99

88

81

77

77

73

69

77

75

71

67

57

63

Dec.

71

67

223

136

105

163

136

111

82

86

79

55

57

55

59

59

52

50

111

72

48

52

46

39

35

39

39

39

37

47

105

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined rating curve.

Monthly discharge of Dog River at Northfield, Vt.,for 1912. 

[Drainage area, 57 square miles.]

Month.

March 16-31... ..........................

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

December. ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

177 

1,320 

496 

419 

43 

28 

94 

838 

332 

223

Minimum.,

35 

84 

63 

16 

6 

8 

9 

14 

57 

35

Mean.

76.0 

345 

151 

85.5 

12.7 

11.5 

25.3 

72.6 

103 

76.0

Per 

square 

mile.

1.33 

6.05 

2.65 

1.50 

.223 

.202 

.444 

1.27 

1.81 

1.33

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.79 

6.75 

3.06 

1.67 

.26 

.23 

.50 

1.46 

2.02 

1.53

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A.
126 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

LAMOILLE RIVER AT JOHNSON, VT.

Location. At the highway bridge in the town of Johnson on the main road from

the railroad station to the post office, about 400 feet above the mouth of Gihon

River. 

Records available. July 14, 1910, to December 31, 1912; from July 28, 1909, to

July 13, 1910, a station was maintained on the Lamoille at Morrisville. 

Drainage area. Not measured. 

Gage. Chain, fastened to the hand rail of the bridge. 

Channel. Probably permanent; bed composed of gravel; ledge rock projects from

the left bank; a small gravel riffle about 350 feet below the bridge will prevent

backwater at the gage. 

Discharge measurements. At high stages made from footbridge; at low stages,

by wading about 500 feet above the bridge. 

Accuracy. Diurnal fluctuation of discharge, caused by artificial control of the stream

above this station, makes the computation of the mean daily flow, based on two

observations, inaccurate, but as a good rating curve has been developed it is

considered advisable to publish the gage reader's observations, together with the

rate of flow corresponding to each.

Discharge measurements of Lamoille River at Johnson, Vt., in 1912.

Date.

Feb. 24o

Aug. 29

Oct. 19

Hydrographer.

G. H. Canfleld ...........................................................

J. G. Mathers. ............................................................

C. S. De Golyer . . ........................................................

Gage 

height.

Feel. 

3.70

2.57

2.69

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

155

206

238

o Measurement made under complete ice cover at bridge.
STREAMS TKIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 127

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, ofLamoille River at Johnson, Vt.,

for 1912.

[F. M. Ward, observer.]

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

97

Day.

1........ ......

2........ ......

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7.. ............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30.............. 

31..............

January.

A. M.

Time.

7.00

7.00 

7.00

7.00

7.00

Gage 

height.

3.05

3.15 

3.35

3.15

3.15

Discharge.

P.M.

Time.

12.00

12.00

12.00

12.00

12.00

Gage 

height.

3.15

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

Discharge.

March.

A.M.

Time.

7.00 

7.00

Gage 

height.

5.8 

5.0

Discharge.

P.M.

Time.

2.00

12.00

12.00

12.00

12.00

12.00

12.00

2.00

12.00

6.00 

6.00

6.00

12.00 

12.00

Gage 

height.

4.0

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.45

3.7

4.0

4.6

4.7 

5.2

5.7

7.5 

7.0

Discharge.

February.

A.M.

Time. Gage 

height.

Discharge.

P.M.

Time.

12.00

12.00

12.00

12.00

Gage 

height.

3.6

3.45

3.45

3.45

Discharge.

April.

A.M.

Time.

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

9.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

10.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

10.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

Gage 

height.

7.0 

6.4 

5.6 

5.0 

5.1

8.3 

12.3 

16.0 

7.8 

6.2

5.5 

5.6 

5.9 

6.4 

8.2

10.3 

12.0 

8.3 

8.3 

7.2

7.0 

5.2 

9.8 

7.2 

5.3

5.2 

4.3 

4.1 

4.2 

3.7

Discharge.

........

3,490 

2,230

1,740 

1,810 

2,020 

2,370 

3,810

3,890 

3,890 

3,010

2,850 

1,530

3,010 

1,600

1,530 

965 

855 

910 

650

P.M.

Time.

6.00 

6.00

6.00 

6.00 

6.00

5.00 

5.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00

6.00 

6.00 

5.00 

5.00 

6.00

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

5.00

5.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00

Gage 

height.

7.0 

6.3

5.2 

5.1 

5.3

10.3 

12.2 

11.3 

7.3 

6.2

5.9

6.2 

6.2 

6.5 

8.5

11.6 

10.0 

7.8 

7.2 

6.5

6.8 

6.0 

9.7

5.8 

5.4

5.3 

5.2

4.1 

4.1 

3.7

Discharge.

3,090 

2,230

2,020 

2,230 

2,230

2,450

3,490 

3,010 

2,450

2,690 

2,090

1.950 

1,670

1,600 

1,530 

855 

855 

650
128 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART F7.

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, ofLamoille River at Johnson, Vt.,

for 1912 Continued.

Bay.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

May.

A.M.

Time.

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

9.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

8.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

9.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

Gage 

height.

4.0 

3.8 

3.7 

3.25 

3.45

3.05 

3.7 

3.35 

3.3 

3.3

3.25 

3.15 

3.25 

4.5 

4.0

4.3

4.8 

5.6 

4.6 

3.7

6.6 

5.9 

5.4 

4.5 

4.8

4.4 

3.9 

3.35 

3.15 

4.0 

7.0

Discharge.

800 

700 

650 

445 

532

365 

650 

488 

465 

465

445 

405 

445 

1,080 

800

965 

1,260 

1,810 

1,140 

650

2,530 

2,020 

1,670 

1,080 

1,260

1,020 

750 

488 

405 

800 

2,850

P.M.

Time.

6.00 

6.00 

5.00 

5.00 

5.00

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00

5.00 

5.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00

6.00 

6.00 

5.00 

5.00 

6.00

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

5.00

5.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00

Gage 

height.

4.3 

3.45 

3.35 

3.15 

3.35

3.6 

3.6 

3.4 

3.3 

3.4

3.15 

3.25 

3.45 

4.7 

3.7

4.4 

5.9 

4.9 

4.4 

3.9

7.0 

4.8 

5.3 

4.6 

4.6

4.0 

3.6 

3.25 

3.7 

4.3 

7.6

Discharge.

965 

532 

488 

405 

488

600 

600 

510 

465 

510

405 

445 

532 

1,200 

650

1,020 

2,020 

1,330 

1,020 

750

2,850 

1,260 

1,600 

1,140 

1,140

800 

600 

445 

650 

965 

3,330

June.

A.M.

Time.

7.00 

8.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

8.00 

7.00 

7.QO 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

8.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

8.00

Gage 

height.

 8.8 

7.3 

5.0 

4.7 

5.3

4.3

4.2 

4.0 

3.8 

3.25

3.25 

3.25 

3.35 

3.25 

3.05

2.95 

3.35 

3.15 

2.95 

2.85

2.65 

2.75 

2.65 

2.35 

2.55

2.4 

2.6 

2.5 

2.35 

2.35

Discharge.

3,090 

1,400 

1,200 

1,600

965 

910 

800 

700 

445

445 

445 

488 

445 

365

328 

488 

405 

328 

292

227 

258 

227 

151 

199

162 

212 

186 

151 

151

P.M.

Time.

5.00 

5.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

5.00 

6.00

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

5.00

5.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00

6.00 

5.00 

5.00 

6.00 

6.00

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

5.00 

5.00

Gage 

height.

7.6 

7.0 

5.6 

4.9 

4.8

4.1 

4.3 

4.4 

3.45 

3.3

3.45 

3.35 

3.45 

3.15 

2.95

3.05 

3.25 

3.05 

2.75 

2.65

2.65 

2.65 

2.55 

2.45 

2.45

2.6 

2. ,6 

2.4 

.2.4 

2.25

Discharge.

3,330 

2,850 

1,810 

1,330 

1,260

855 

965 

1,020 

532 

465

532 

488 

532 

405 

328

365 

445 

365 

258 

227

227 

227 

199 

174 

174

212 

212 

162 

162 

130
STEEAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 129

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Lamoilk River at Johnson, Vt.,

for 1912 Continued.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18. .............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23. .............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

July.

A.M.

Time.

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

8.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

Gage 

height.

2.25

2.25 

2.15 

2.25 

2.2

1.95 

1.95 

2.05 

1.95 

2.0

2.15 

2.15 

2.1 

2.05 

2.1

2.05 

2.1 

2.15 

2.1 

2.1

2.25 

2.15 

2.15 

2.05 

2.1

2.1 

2.1 

2.15 

2.1 

2.4 

2.25

Discharge.

130 

130 

109 

130 

119

73 

73 

90 

73 

81

109 

109 

99 

90 

99

90 

99 

109 

99 

99

130 

109 

109 

90 

99

99 

99 

109 

99 

162 

130

P.M.

Time.

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00

5.00 

5.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

5.00 

6.00

.6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00

5.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00

6.00 

5.00 

5.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00

Gage 

height.

2.35 

2.35 

2.3 

2.15 

2.1

2.05 

1.95 

2.15 

2.05 

2.2

2.2

2.2 

2.25 

1.95 

2.3

2.25 

2.25 

2.25 

2.2 

2.35

2.25 

2.25 

2.35 

2.25 

2.3

2.15 

2.2 

2.25 

2.3 

2.4 

2.3

Discharge.

151 

151 

140 

109 

99

90 

73 

109 

90 

119

119 

119 

130 

73 

140

130 

130 

130 

119 

151

130 

130 

151 

130 

140

109 

119 

130 

140 

162 

140

August.

A.M.

Time.

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

8.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

8.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

Gage 

height.

2.25 

2.25 

2.45 

2.55 

2.4

2.4 

2.35 

2.3 

2.4 

2.4

2.25 

2. -15 

2.45 

2.45 

2.5

2.35 

2.35 

2.25 

2.15 

2.3

2.25 

2.23 

2.25 

2.35 

2.5

2.65 

2.9 

2.9 

2.6 

2.5 

2.4

Discharge.

130 

130 

174 

199 

162

162 

151 

140 

162 

162

130 

174 

174 

174 

186

151 

151 

130 

109 

140

130 

125 

130 

151 

186

227 

310 

310 

212 

186 

162

P.M.

Time.

6.00 

6.00 

5.00 

5.00 

6.00

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

5.00

5.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00

6.00 

5.00 

5.00 

6.00 

6.00

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

5.00

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

5.00

Gage 

height.

2.3

2.35 

2.75 

2.35 

2.6

2.45 

2.3 

2.35 

2.3 

2.4

2.35 

2.75 

2.45 

2.35 

2.4

2.3

2.25 

2.25 

2.05 

2.35

2.2 

2.25 

2.25 

2.3 

2.6

2.55 

3.35 

2.95 

2.4 

2.4 

2.35

Discharge.

140 

151 

258 

151 

212

174 

140 

151 

140 

162

151

258 

174 

151 

162

140 

130 

130 

90 

151

119 

130 

130 

140 

212

199 

488 

328 

162 

162 

151

1572° WSP 324 14
130 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Ltpnoille River at Johnson, Vt.,

for 1912 Continued.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

1..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

September.

A.M.

Time.

8.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

8.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

8.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

8.00 

7.00

height.

2.4 

2.25 

2.35 

2.4 

2.4

2.7 

2.6 

2.3 

2.2 

2.3

2.4 

2.9 

2.6 

2.5 

2.3

3.2

2.95 

2.8 

4.1 

4.3

4.0 

3.4 

2.9 

2.9 

2.7

2.6 

2.6

2.55 

2.4 

2.9

Discharge.

162 

130 

151 

162 

162

242 

212 

140 

119 

140

162 

310 

212 

186 

140

425 

328 

275 

855 

965

800 

510 

310 

310 

242

212 

212

199 

162 

310

P.M.

Time.

5.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00

6.00 

5.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

5.00 

5.00

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00

5.00 

5.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.00

6.00 

6.00 

5.00 

5.00 

6.00

Gage 

height.

2.3 

2.35 

2.3 

2.4 

2.4

2.7 

2.7 

2.4 

2.3 

2.2

3.0 

2.75 

2.5 

2.3 

2.4

3.4 

2.7 

2.9 

3.9 

4.2

3.9 

3.4 

3.0 

3.0 

2.75

2.6 

2.5 

2.4 

2.7 

3.1

Discharge.

140

151 

140 

162 

162

242 

242 

162 

140 

119

345 

258 

186 

140 

162

510 

242 

310 

750 

910

750 

510 

345 

345 

258

212

186 

162 

242 

385

October.

A.M.

Time.

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

8.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

8.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

8.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

Gage 

height.

2.8 

2.95 

2.8 

2.75 

2.7

2.5 

2.3 

2.5

2.55 

2.55

2.6 

2.6 

2.9 

3.1 

2.8

2.8 

2.8 

2.8 

2.7 

2.6

2.3 

2.65 

2.7 

11.0 

8.2

6.4 

6.0 

3.6 

3.7 

2.7 

3.2

Discharge.

275 

328 

275 

258 

242

186 

140 

186 

199 

199

212 

212 

310 

385 

275

275 

275 

275 

242 

212

140 

227 

242

3,810

2,370 

2,090 

600 

650 

242 

435

P.M.

Time.

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

5.00

5.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00

1.00 

5.00 

5.00 

1.00 

1.00

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

5.00

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00

1.00

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00

height.

2.9

2.95 

2.7 

2.7 

2.65

2.5

2.4 

2.6 

2.6 

2.55

2.7 

2.8 

3.0 

3.2 

2.85

2.9 

2.7 

2.7 

2.7 

2.6

2.45 

2.62 

2.6 

10.6

8.0

6.2 

5.9 

3.8 

3.6 

3.2 

3.1

Discharge.

310 

328 

242 

242 

227

186 

162 

212 

212 

199

242 

275 

345 

425 

292

310 

242 

242 

242 

212

174 

218 

212

3,650

2,230 

2,020 

700 

. 600 

425 

385
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 131

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, ofLamoille River at Johnson, Vt.,

for 1912 Continued.

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11.... ..........

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

November.

A.M.

Time.

7.00 

7.00 

8.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

8.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

8.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

Gage 

height.

3.1 

3.2 

3.4 

3.1 

3.0

2.9 

3.0

8.3 

5.6 

5.0

3.7 

3.5 

3.3 

3.9 

4.9

4.5 

4.3 

4.0 

3.2 

3.3

3.4 

2.6 

2.35 

3.0 

3.1

3.4

3.2 

3.1 

2.85 

3.1

Discharge.

385 

425 

510 

385 

345

310

345 

3,890 

1,810 

1,400

650 

555 

465 

750 

1,330

1,080 

965 

800 

425 

465

510 

212 

151 

345 

385

510 

425 

385 

292 

385

P.M.

Time.

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

4.00

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00

1.00 

4.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

5.00 

1.00

1.00 

1.00 

3.00 

1.00 

1.00

Gage 

height.

3.2 

3.6 

3.3 

3.2 

3.1

3.1 

3.1

8.0 

5.1

4.7

3.6 

4.3 

3.2 

5.1 

5.1

4.6 

4.5 

4.1 

3.4 

3.4

4.3 

2.7 

3.3 

3.2 

3.2

3.5 

3.25 

3.2 

2.8 

3.0

Discharge.

425 

600 

465 

425 

385

385 

385 

3,650 

1,460 

1,200

600 

965 

425 

1,460 

1,460

1,140 

1,080 

855 

510 

510

965 

242 

465 

425 

425

555 

445 

425 

275 

345

December.

A.M.

Time.

8.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

8.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

8.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

8.00 

7.00 

7.00 

7.00

7.00 

7.00 

7.00 

8.00 

7.00 

7.00

Gage 

height.

3.3

2.7 

5.3 

4.1 

3.8

3.7 

4.3 

4.0 

3.1 

3.0

3.0

3.1 

3.0 

3.0 

3.1

3.0

3.0 

3.1 

3.0

4.0

3.5 

3.9 

3.3 

3.4

3.5

3.0 

3.1 

3.2 

3.3 

3.0 

3.2

Discharge.

465 

242 

1,600 

855 

700

650

965 

800 

385 

345

345

385 

345 

345 

385

345 

345 

385 

345 

800

555 

750 

465 

510 

555

345 

385 

425 

465 

345 

425

P.M.

Time.

4.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00

1.00 

1.00 

3.00 

1.00 

1.00

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

3.00

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00

1.00 

4.00 

1.00 

1.00 

1.00

1.00 

1.00 

1.00 

4.00 

1.00 

1.00

Gage 

height.

3.0

2.8 

5.0 

4.2

3.8

4.2 

4.4 

3.4 

3.2 

3.2

3.3 

3.2 

3.0 

3.15 

2.9

3.1 

3.4 

3.2 

4.1 

4.1

3.6 

3.7 

3.4 

3.5

3.6

3.1 

3.2 

3.0 

3.1 

3.1 

3.3

Discharge.

345

275 

1,400 

910 

700

910 

1,020 

510 

425

425

465 

425 

345 

405 

310

385 

510 

425 

855 

855

600 

650 

510

555 

600

,385 

425 

345 

385 

385 

465

NOTE. Discharge determined from a rating curve well defined below 5,000 second-feet. 

MISSISQTJOI RIVER NEAR RICHFORD, VT.

Location. At the highway bridge 200 feet below the Central Vermont Railroad 

bridge, 3 miles downstream from Richford, about 3 miles below the mouth of 

North Branch and 2 miles above the mouth of Trout River.

Records available. May 29, 1909, to December 31, 1912.

Drainage area. 300 square miles.

Gage. Chain, fastened to the downstream side of the bridge; installed June 26, 

1911. From May 29, 1909, to December 31, 1910, the gage was just below the 

plant of the Sweat, Comings Co.; this site was found unsatisfactory because of the 

great daily fluctuation caused by the operation of the turbines.

Channel. Deep; banks not liable to be overflowed; bed composed of gravel, bowlders, and rock ledge; current sluggish at low stages. A well-defined riffle about 

half a mile downstream protects the gage from backwater from the mills below.

Discharge measurements. At high stages made from downstream side of bridge; 

at low stages by wading.

Accuracy. Diurnal fluctuation of discharge, caused by artificial control of the stream 

above the station, makes the computation of the mean daily flow, based on two 

observations, inaccurate, but as a good rating curve has been developed it is considered advisable to publish the gage reader's observations, together with the rate 

of flow corresponding to each.
132 STJBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PABSC IV.

Discharge measurements of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., in 1912.

Date.

Feb. 26«

Aug. 27

27

Oct. 18

18

Hydrographer.

G.H.Canfleld......... ..................................................

.....do....................................................................

C. S. De Golyer ..........................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.42

6.6S

6.58

5.94

5.81

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

190

835

790

407

360

a Made under complete ice cover.

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near

Richford, Vt., for 1912.

[P. Sloan, observer.]

Day.

1... ...........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6... ...........

7..............

8..............

9..i.. .........

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..... ........ .

 21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

March.

A.M.

Time.

9.00

10.00

9.00

9.00

Gage 

height.

6.4

6.7

8.0

7.4

Discharge.

P.M.

Time.

2.00

Gage 

height.

6.5

Discharge.

April.

A. M.

Time.

8.30

9.00

9.00 

7.30 

6.30

7.00

7.00 

7.00

7.30 7.00' 

9.30 

8.30 

7.30

6.45 

9.45 

8.00 

7.45

8.00 

7.00

8.15

Gage 

height.

7.0

7.6

8.7 

16.0 

18.2

11.4

9.8 

9.0

13.0 

14.7 

13.8 

12.1 

11.0

10.3 

14.0

13.8 

11.1

9.3 

8.3

7.7

Discharge.

4,960

3,450 

2,730

5,650 

4,580

3,920

4,680

3,000 

2,120

1,620

P.M.

Time.

5.30 

6.00 

5.30

5.15

4.15 

5.00

..5.30 

5.15

4.30

5.15 

4.3Q

6.30

4.30

Gage 

height.

15.4 

16.2 

13.0

10.2

10.8 

12.3

14.1 

14.9

11.6

10.0 

14.6

8.8

7.3

Discharge.

3, 820

4,390

.......

5,150

3,630

2,550

1,310
STEEAMS TEIBUTAEY TO ST. LAWBENCE EIVEE. 133

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Missisqvm River near 

Richford, Vt., for 1912 Continued.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18.'.............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

May.

A.M.

Time.

7.30

9.00 

7.15

7.45

7.00 

7.15 

6.30 

7.30 

7.00

9.00 

7.00

6.30

6.45 

7.00 

6.45

8.00 

7.45

7.45

9.00 

6.45

7.15 

6.00 

6.30 

5.45 

6.00

Gage 

height.

7.0

6.6 

6.45 

6.25

6.2 

6.5 

6.4 

6.3 

6.5

6.6 

6.2

7.3

6.7 

7.2 

9.5

7.7 

8.3

7.6

7.4 

8.8

7.1 

6.6 

6.9 

10.7 

11.2

-Discharge.

1,090

815 

718 

590

560 

750 

685 

620 

750

815 

560

1,310

880 

1,240 

3,180

1,620 

2,120

1,540

1,380 

2,550

1,160 

815 

1,020 

4,300 

4,770

P.M.

Time.

6.00 

4.30

4.30

7.00 

6.30

4.30 

5.00 

7.00 

7.30

4.00

4.00

5.00 

5.15

4.30

4.45

4.15 

4.45 

4.15

Gage 

height.

6.7 

6.6

6.4

6.3 

6.6

6.2 

6.8 

7.4 

6.9

7.6

7.5

8.0 

7.8

7.3

6.9

11.2 

10.7 

12.0

Dis-"

charge.

880 

815

685

620 

815

560 

950 

1,380 

1,020

1,540

1,460

1,860 

1,700

1,310

1,020

4,770 

4,300 

5,550

June.

A.M.

Time.

5.45

5.45 

6.00 

8.30

5.45 

7-30 

5.45 

6.00 

5.45

5.45 

5.30 

5.15 

5.45 

6.00

6.30 

5.45 

5.30 

5.30 

5.30

6.00 

5.30 

6.30 

5.30 

5.30

8.00 

5.30 

5.45 

5.30

Gage 

height.

14.7

11.0 

9.9 

9.0

7.8 

8.2 

7.7 

7.1 

6.8

7.1 

6.8 

6.8 

6.5 

6.3

6.1 

6.1

5.95 

5.75 

5.7

5.65 

5.6 

5.45 

5.3 

5.4

5.5 

5.5 

5.45 

5.4

Discharge.

4,580 

3,540 

2,730

1,700 

2,030 

1,620 

1,160 

950

1,160 

950 

950 

750 

620

500 

500 

420 

326 

304

284 

264 

210 

162 

193

227 

227 

210 

193

P.M.

Time.

6.30

4.00 

6.45

6.30 

7.00

4.15

4.30 

5.00

5.00

4.00

4.15 

4.30 

4.15

Gage 

height.

10.4

7.1 

8.0

6.7 

7.0

6.5

6.6 

5.85

5.65

5.3

5.55 

5.45 

5.4

Discharge.

4,010

1,160 

1,860

880 

1,090

750

445 

370

284

162

246 

210 

193
134 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near 

Richford, Vt., for 1912 Continued.

Day.

1. .............

2.....>........

3..............

5..............

6..............

7. .............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14. .............

15. .............

16. .............

17..............

18. .............

19..............

20. .............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24. .............

25. .............

26. .............

27..............

28. .............

90

30..............

OT

July.

A.M.

Time.

5.15 

5.30 

5.30 

5.30 

5.30

5.45 

6.00 

5.30 

5.30 

5.15

5,30 

5.30 

5.30

5.30

5.30 

5.30 

5.30 

5.30 

5.45

6.30 

5.30 

5.30 

5.45 

5.30

5.30 

5.45

7.30 

5.45 

5.30

Gage 

height.

5.1 

4.6 

4.- 7 

5.0 

4.9

4.9 

5.0 

4.9 

4.8 

4.8

4.85 

5.1 

5.0

4.9

4.85 

4.8 

4.75 

4.7 

4.8

4.75 

4.9 

4.9 

4.8 

4.75

4.8 

4.8

4.8 

4.85 

4.8

Discharge.

108 

18 

30 

84 

63

63 

84 

63 

45 

45

54 

108 

84

63

54 

45 

38 

30 

45

38 

63 

63 

45 

38

45 

45

45 

54 

45

P.M.

Time.

4.30 

4.15 

4.15

4.00

4.30 

4.15 

4.30 

4.30

4.15

4.45 

4.30

4.30 

4.15

4.15

5.00

4.30

4.45 

5.00

Gage 

height.

5.0 

4.5 

4.8

4.95

4.9 

4.9. 

4.8 

4.8

5.0

4.85 

4.8

4.65

4.7

5.0

4.8

4.75

4.85 

4.8

Discharge.

84 

9 

45

74

63 

63 

45 

45

84

54 

45

24 

30

84

45

38

54 

45

August.

A.M.

Time.

5.45 

5.30 

6.30 

6.30 

5.45

5.30 

5.45 

5.30 

5.30 

5.45

5.30 

5.45 

5.30 

5.45

5.45 

5.45

5.45 

5.30

5.30 

5.30 

6.00 

6.00

5.45

6.00 

6.00

5.45

Gage 

height.

4.8 

4.8 

4.9 

5.2 

5.25

5.25 

5.05 

4.9 

4.85 

4.9

5.15 

6.1 

5.8 

5.65

5.45

5.4

5.1

5.0

5.0 

4.95 

4.9

4.8

7.6

6.6 

6.25

5.9

Discharge.

45 

45 

63 

134 

148

148 

96 

63 

54 

63

121 

500 

347 

284

210 

193

108 

84

84 

74 

63 

45

1,540

815 

590

394

P.M.

Time.

5.15 

5.30

4.30

4.15 

5.00

4.15

4.30 

4.15 

4.30 

4.45

7.00

4.30 

5.00

5.15 

5.15 

4.00

6.30 

4.00

4.45

4.30

Gage 

height.

4.85 

4.8

5.3

5.15 

5.0

4.85

5.6 

6.0 

5.8 

5.6

5.4

5.0 

5.0

4.9 

4.9

4.85

7.9 

7.5

6.4

6.0

Discharge.

54 

45

162

121

84

54

264 

445 

347 

264

193

84 

84

63 

63 

54

1,780 

1,465

680

445
STKEAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 135

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near 

- Richford, Vt., for 1912 Continued.

Day.

1. .............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14. .............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25. .............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

September.

A.M.

Time.

6. i5 

6.00 

6.15

6.30

6.15 

6.00

6.00 

6.30

6.15 

6.00

6.30 

6.00 

8.30 

6.45 

6.30

6.30

6.30 

6.45 

6.45

6.30 

6.45 

6.45

6.45

Gage 

height.

5.6 

5.4 

5.3

6.45

6.6 

6.1

7.8 

8.1

7.1

6.5

7.3 

6.7 

6.3 

8.5 

10.6

9.2

7.6 

7.2 

6.8

6.5 

6.15 

6.0

7.8

Discharge.

264 

193 

162

718

815 

500

1,700 

1,940

1,160 

750

1,310 

880 

620 

2,280 

4,200

2,910

1,540 

1,240 

950

750 

530 

445

1,700

P.M.

Time.

4.30

4.00

6.30

4.30 

4.30

4.00

4.30

4.30 

5.00 

4.30 

3.45

2.30

4.00

"i.'so"

4.00 

4.30

Gage 

height.

5.6

5.3

6.2

6.4 

6.1

8.4

6.8

6.5 

6.8

8.7 

9.5

7.4 

7.0

' "e'os"

6.6

7.9

Discharge.

264

162

560

685 

500

2,200

950

750 

950 

2,460 

3,180

1,380 

1,090

""472"

815 

1,780

October.

A.M.

Time.

6.45 

6.45 

6.30

6.30 

6.45

6.30 

6.45 

7.30 

6.30

6.30 

6.30

6.30 

6.30

6.45 

6.30 

6.30 

6.30

7.15 

6.30 

6.45 

6.45 

6.45

6.30

6.30

7.45 

7.30 

7.45

Gage 

height.

7.6 

7.4 

6.9

6.5

6.4

6.0 

6.1

5.95 

5.95

6.0 

6.1

6.6

6.2

6.1 

6.0 

5.9 

5.8

6.05 

5.9 

5.8 

8.5 

10.6

9.7

8.2 

7.6 

6.9 

6.6

Discharge.

1,540 

1,380 

1,020

750 

685

445 

500 

420 

420

445 

500

815 

560

500 

445 

394 

347

472 

394 

347 

2,280 

4,200

3,360

2,030 

1,540 

1,020 

815

P.M.

Time.

3.30 

3.30

4.30

4.00 

4.15 

4.30 

4.30 

4.30

4.30

4.30 

4.30

4.15 

5.00

4.30 

4.30

4.15 

4.00

4.30 

3.30 

4.30

Gage

7.5 

7.3

6.6

6.1 

6.0 

6.05 

5.9 

5.95

6.0

6.4 

6.2

6.0 

6.0

6.0 

5.9

9.6 

10.8

7.9 

7.2 

6.8

Discharge.

1,460 

1,310

815

500 

445 

472 

394 

420

445

685 

560

445

445

445 

394

3,270 

4,390

1,780 

1,240 

950
136 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Missisquoi River near 

Richford, Vt.,for 191% Continued.

Day.

1...... ........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

November.

A.M.

Time.

8.30 

7.00

7.15 

7.30

7.45 

8.00 

7.30 

7.30

7.15 

7.30 

7.30 

7.45 

8.45

7.30

7.15 

7.30 

7.30

7.45 

7\00 

7.00

7.45

8.30 

8.15 

7.30 

8.15

Gage 

height.

6.5 

6.8

6.3 

6.2

6.1 

6.1 

12.0 

11.0

8.2 

7.6 

7.2 

8.2 

9.4

8.8

7.4 

7.1 

6.9

7.2 

7.4 

7.1

6.7

6.6 

6.5 

6.25 

6.2

Discharge.

750 

950

620 

560

500 

500 

5,550 

4,580

2,030 

1,540 

1,240 

2,030 

3,090

2,550

1,380 

1,160 

1,020

1,240 

1,380 

1,160

880

815 

750 

590 

560

P.M.

Time.

4.30

4.30 

4.30 

3.00

4.00 

3.30 

4.00 

4.00 

4.00

4.00

2.15 

3.30

Gage 

height.

6.3

6.0 

8.1 

11.7

7.9 

7.4 

7.3 

8.6 

9.2

7.3

6.9 

6.8

Discharge.

620

445 

1,940 

5,250

1,780 

1,380 

1,310 

2,370 

2,910

1,310

1,020 

950

December.

A.M.

Time.

8.15 

7.00 

7.30 

7.00

7.00 

7.00

8.45 

7.00

7.30 

8.00 

6.30 

7.30

8.15 

7.45 

7.30 

7.15 

7.30

8.30

7.45 

8.00

Gage 

height.

7.4 

9.5 

9.1 

7.8

7.4 

8.0

6.6 

6.6

7.7 

7.5 

7.4 

7.9

8.8 

8.6 

8.4 

9.0 

12.2

9.6

10.0 

9.7

Discharge.

1,360 

3,180 

2,820 

1,700

1,380 

1,860

815 

815

1,620 

],460 

1,380 

1,780

2,550 

2,370 

2,200 

2,730 

5,750

3,270

3,630 

3,360

P.M.

Time. Gage 

height.

Discharge.

-

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a fairly well-defined rating curve. All discharges above 1,500 

second-feet depend on a single measurement.

CLYDE RIVER AT WEST DERBY, VT.

Location. Just below plant of the Newport Electric Light Co., at West Derby, Vt.

Records available. May 25,1909, to December 31,1912.

Drainage area. Not measured.

Gage. Staff, in two sections; low section about 75 feet below the plant; high-water 

section nailed to a tree on the right bank 10 feet farther downstream; datum 

unchanged.

Channel. Bed rough; fall of river rapid near and below the station.

Discharge measurements. Made from highway bridge about half a mile below 

the gage.

Artificial control. At West Derby are two dams, both operated under the same 

management; at the upper dam part of the water is used by a paper mill and 

the remainder is delivered to the water wheels at the electric plant through a 

steel penstock; the total operating head from this dam is about 108 feet. All 

the flow from the second dam is diverted to the wheels in the power house, giving 

a head of about 30 feet. Practically no water'is stored at the upper dam, but a 

pond of considerable size may be made by building a dam above this point.
STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER. 137

Accuracy. Diurnal fluctuation of discharge, caused by artificial control of the stream 

above this station, makes the computation of the mean daily flow, based on two 

observations, inaccurate; but as a good rating curve has been developed it is 

considered advisable to publish the gage reader's observations, together with the 

rate of flow corresponding to each.

The following measurement was made by J. G. Mathers:

August 26, 1912: Gage height, 2.20 feet; discharge, 134 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,

for 1912.

[E. C. Rogers, observer.]

Day.

1. .............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7... ... ........

8..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18. .............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Time.

8.30

7.00

8.15

9.30

8.50

8.00

8.00

10.30

8.00

7.45

8.50

6.20

8.20

7 30

7.45

7 30

8.20

7.35

9.20

8.10

7 40

8.10

7.45

7.45

6.20

7.30

8.35

7.10

711

A.M.

Gage 

height.

2.50

2.53

2.62

2.68

2.60

2.60

3.0

3.65

3.7

3.7

3.5

S 4

3.35

3.4

3.55

3.9

4.2

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.65

3.65

3.7

3.8

3.7

3.5

S 4

3.35

Ap

Discharge.

228

241

282

312

272

272

516

1,160

1,210

1,210

1,100

990

840

890

1,040

1,430

1,760

1,760

1,540

1,320

1,160

1,160

1,210

1,320

1,210

1,100

990

QQA

840

ril.

Time.

5.30

6.00

5.45

6.15

4.15

5.50

4.30

5.00

5.20

4.15

5.15

5.30

6.00

5.30

5.00

6.25

3.20

3.50

3.30

6.20

4.20

»5.20

5.20

6.15

6.50

6.20

6.45

5.10

7 00

P.M.

Gage 

height.

2.50

2.58

2.58

2.55

2.62

2.85

3.45

3.65

3.75

3.7

3.5

3.4

s d

3.35

3.5

3.7

4.0

4.25

9 O

S 7

3.6

3.65

3

QC

3.85

3.65

s i

3.4

3.4

s i

Discharge.

228

263

263

250

282

410

940

1,160

1,260

1,210

990

890 Ron

840

990

1,210

1 540

1,820

1,700

J»430

1,210

1,160

1 QQA

1,380

1,160

QQA

890

890

7Qft

Time.

7.35

8.10

7.45

7.20

8.40

6.40

7.30

7.55

8.50

7.20

7.30

8.15

7.45

8.45

8.00

6.30

8.15

8.20

7.45

8.45

7.30

8.00

8.15

7 V»

7 *?n

7 00

7.10

8.20

A. M.

Gage 

height.

3.3

3.2

3.05

3.05

3.0

3.0

2.95

2.9

2.88

2.88

2.82

2.80

2.80

2.82

2.85

2.90

2.98

2.92

2.92

2.88

2 Q9

2.90

2.90

2

QC

2.90

2.85

2.82

2

7^

2 79

2

0Q

3.0

Mr

Discharge.

790

690

558

558

516

516

479

442

429

429

391

391

410

mi

457

yJC7

429

457

442

410

410

391

SCLfl

OQQ

,19Q

516

*yTime.

6.45

6.55

6.35

5.15

6.15

6.45

6.50

6.30

7.00

4.50

4.40

6.00

5.50

5.30

7.00

7 on

7.00 i nn

5.25

6.45

6.30

6.35

4

Krt

6.50

6.15

6

AK.

6 45

6.15

6.25

P.M.

Gage 

height.

3.2

3.15

3.05

3.0

3.0

2.95

2.90

2.88

2.88

2.88

2.82

2.80

2.78

2.82

2.88

2.92

3.0

2.90

2 oft

2.88

2.92

2

QQ

2.90

2.88

2.88

2.85

2

7PJ

2 7ft

2 on

2

QO

3.15

Discharge.

690

645

558

516

516

479

442

429

429

429

391

378

367

391

429

457

516

442

49Q

AKfJ

429

AAf)

429

429

410

^ft

ooo

070

AC'7

645
138 SURF ACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART W.

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,

for 19,1% Continued.

Day.

1..... .........

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

June.

A.M.

Time.

6.15 

7.00 

8.30 

7.45 

8.10

6.30 

6.30 

8.35 

7.20 

7.00

6.45 

7.00 

8.00 

6.30 

7.00

7.00 

7.50 

7.40 

8.00 

7.00

7.25 

7.35

7.45 

8.00 

7.00

7.25 

8.30 

6.55 

8.00 

7.00

Gage 

height.

3.3 

3.4 

3.4 

3.35 

3.3

3.3 

3.3 

3.1 

3.05 

3.0

2.95 

2.90 

2.82 

2.78 

2.72

2.75 

2.70 

2.62

2.58 

2.60

2.55 

2.50 

2.45 

2.38 

2.32

2.38 

2.32 

2.32 

2.30 

2.22

Discharge.

790 

890 

890 

840 

790

790 

790 

600 

558 

516

479 

442 

391 

367 

333

350 

322

282 

263 

272

250 

228 

209 

184 

164

184 

164 

164 

158 

137

P.M.

Time.

5.00 

6.30 

7.00 

7.30 

6.15

7.15 

6.45 

6.10 

6.30 

6.45

6.15 

6.00 

6.45 

5.30 

5.45

6.00 

6.20 

5.30 

7.10 

6.00

7.10 

6.00 

6.30 

6.00 

6.45

7.00 

7.15

6.50 

6.00

Gage 

height.

3.3 

3.4 

3.4 

3.35 

3.3

3.2 

3.2 

3.1 

3.05 

2.98

2.92 

2.85 

2.80 

2.78 

2.72

2.70 

2.65 

2.60 

2.60 

2.52

2.52 

2.42 

2.45 

2.40 

2.38

2.38 

2.32

2.22 

2.22

Discharge.

790 

890 

890 

840 

790

690 

690 

600 

558 

501

457 

410 

378 

367 

333

322 

297 

272 

272 

237

237 

198 

209 

190

184

184 

164

137 

137

July.

A.M.

Time.

8.00 

7.35 

7.50 

8.00 

8.00

7.10 

9.50 

7.50 

9.00 

8.00

6.30 

7.10 

7.40 

7.30 

7.15

8.25 

7.35 

7.40 

8.00 

7.30

7.55 

8.10 

7.50 

6.30 

6.50

6.20 

6.55 

7.55 

7.00 

6.30 

6.45

Gage 

height.

2.25 

2.20 

2.20 

2.15 

2.10

2.12 

2.10 

2.10 

2.10 

2.05

2.08 

2.08 

2.05 

2.00 

2.00

2.00 

1.98 

1.90 

1.88 

1.90

1.90 

1.98 

1.95 

1.90 

1.95

1.95 

1.92 

1.95 

2.05 

1.88 

1.98

Discharge.

145 

132 

132 

121 

110

114 

110 

110 

110 

101

106 

106 

101 

92 

92

92

89 

77 

75

77

77 

89 

84 

77 

84

84 

80 

84 

101 

75 

89

P.M.

Time.

7.15 

6.00 

6.50 

5.00 

6.15

6.30 

7.00 

7.15 

7.00 

6.00

7.00 

5.45 

5.30 

7.00 

6.15

6.00 

6.15 

5.45 

6.25 

6.40

5.30 

7.25 

6.50 

6.00 

5.10

6.15 

6.15 

7.00 

6.20 

6.30 

6.30

Gage 

height.

2.18 

2.15 

2.12 

2.10 

2.08

2.10 

2.05 

2.00 

2.00 

1.98

2.00 

1.95 

2.02 

1.98 

1.92

1.90

1.88 

1.82 

1.88 

1.80

1.90 

1.95 

1.88 

1.90 

1.90

1.88 

1.82 

1.90 

1.85 

1.88 

1.95

Discharge.

128 

121 

114 

110 

106

110 

101 

92 

92 

89

92

84 

96 

89 

80

77 

75 

67 

75 

65

77 

84 

75 '77 

77

75 

67 

77 

71 

75 

84
STEEAMS TEIBT7TABY TO ST. LAWEENCE EIVBE. 139

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt.,

for 1912 Continued.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22. .............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26. .............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

August.

A.M.

Time.

6.50 

7.10 

8.00 

8.00 

5.30

6.30 

5.30 

6.45 

6.15 

7.50

7.45 

6.30 

7.55 

6.00 

7.00

7.50 

6.45 

8.30 

6.35 

6.30

6.00 

6.35 

7.15 

7.35 

11.00

6.30 

7.45 

8.00 

8.00 

6.30 

7.00

Gage 

height.

1.92

1.88 

1.95 

2.00 

1.98

1.98 

1.98 

2.05 

2.05 

2.02

2.00 

2.18 

2.18 

2.20 

2.18

2.20 

2.18 

2.15 

2.10 

2.00

2.05 

2.02 

2.00 

1.95 

2.20

2.20 

2.28 

2.30 

2.35 

2.38 

2.32

Discharge.

80 

75 

84 

92 

89

89 

89 

101 

101 

96

92 

128 

128 

132 

128

132

128 

121 

110 

92

101 

96 

92 

84 

132

132 

153 

158 

174 

184 

164

P.M.

Time.

6.00 

6.00 

6.10 

4.00 

5.45

6.15 

5.45 

6.15 

6.30 

5.30

6.40 

6.16 

6.00 

5.45 

5.15

6.30 

6.45 

4.45 

6.30 

5.40

5.00 

6.00 

6.00 

6.10 

4.30

5.30

5.15 

6.30 

6.00 

6.50 

6.00

Gage 

height.

1.90 

1.95 

1.92 

1.98 

1.98

1.90 

1.98 

1.98 

2.02 

2.00

2.00 

2.15 

2.12 

2.20 

2.15

2.20 

2.18 

2.12 

1.98 

2.00

2.02 

1.92 

2.00 

1.92 

2.22

2.25 

2.30 

2.32 

2.38 

2.32 

2.32

Discharge.

77 

84 

80 

89 

89

77 

89 

89 

96 

92

92 

121 

114 

132 

121

132

128 

114 

89 

92

96 

80 

92 

80 

137

145

158 

164 

184 

164 

164

September.

A. M.

Time.

7.00 

6.30 

6.35 

6.55 

7.05

7.00 

7.15 

7.00 

6.20 

7.15

8.30 

8.50 

7.40 

7.15 

6.45

6.50 

7.10 

8.00 

8.20 

7.20

7.50 

6.20 

7.00

6.30

6.40 

6.35 

6.10 

7.20 

6.00

Gage

2.30 

2.32 

2.30 

2.18 

2.18

2.12 

2.12 

2.18 

2.18 

2.18

2.32 

2.30 

2.12 

2.28 

2.18

2.32 

2.22 

2.20 

2.40 

2.50

2.60 

2.60 

2.60

2.62

2.60 

2.52 

2.48 

2.40 

2.48

Discharge.

158 

164 

158 

128 

128

114 

114 

128 

128 

128

164 

158 

114 

153 

128

164 

137 

132 

190 

228

272 

272 

272

282

272 

237 

220 

190 

220

P.M.

Time.

5.00 

6.25 

5.20 

5.50 

5.' 30

5.45 

4.30 

6.45 

5.30 

5.20

4.00 

5.30 

5.10 

5.15 

5.00

5.15 

5.30 

5.00 

5.10 

4.45

5.00 

5.40 

5.15 

5.10 

5.15

5.45 

5.15 

5.40

6.35

Gage 

height.

2.30 

2.30 

2.25 

2.20 

2.12

2.10 

2.18 

2.15 

2.12 

2.15

2.25 

2.25 

2.20 

2.25 

2.20

2.20 

2.20 

2.35 

2.40 

2.52

2.60 

2.60 

2.62 

2.65 

2.60

2.52 

2.50 

2.45

2.40

Discharge.

158 

158 

145 

132 

114

110 

128 

121 

114 

121

145 

145 

132 

145 

132

132 

132 

174 

190

237

272 

272 

282 

297 

272

237 

228 

209

190
140 STTEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1912, PAET IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Clyde River at West Derby,

Vt.,for 1912 Continued.

Day.

October.

A.M.

Time. Discharge.

P.M.

Time. Discharge

November.

A.M.

Time. Gage Discharge.

P.M.

Time. Gage 

height. charge.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

6.50

7.00

7.30

.7.30

7.00

8.00

8.00

7.30

7.00

6.45

6.45

7.25

7.20

7.20

7.10

6.50

6.35

7.30

6.40

10.00

2.40

2.42

2.45

2.45

2.42

2.40

2.38

2.35

2.30

2.38

2.35

2.25

2.30

2.25

2.32

2.35

2.32

2.32

2.30

2.28

2.25

2.22

190

198

209

209

198

190

184

174

158

184

174

145

158

145

164

174

164

164

158

153

145

137

8.00

7.30

7.00

7.00

7.30

7.20

7.20

7.00

2.35

2.38

2.38

2.40

2.48

2.55

2.52

2.50

174

184

184

190

220

250

237

228

4.10

4.40

5.15

5.25

5.45

5.15

5.00

5.15

5.25

5.25

4.30

5.30

5.15

4.30

5.00

5.00

6.50

5.00

4.20

5.35

5.00

5.15

4.45

4.25

4.45

4.20

5.30

4.45

4.30

4.40

4.30

2.42

2.42

2.42

2.45

2.40

2.40

2.35

2.35

2.30

2.35

2.30

2.28

2.30

2.28

2.32

2.32

2.30

2.32

2.32

2.25

2.22

2.20

2.22

2.32

2.40

2.45

2.52

2.45

2.52

2.52

2.50

198

198

198

209

190

190

174

174

158

174

158

153

158

153

164

164

158

164

164

145

137

132

137

164

190

209

237

209

237

237

228

6.30

6.20

8.00

6.30

8.25

7.20

7.10

7.00

6.45

2.42

2.40

2.38

2.38

2.35

2.32

2.35

2.55

2.60

198

190

184

184

174

164

174

250

272

6.30

7.50

8.15

7.45

7.30

8.05

7.25

7.25

7.10

7.20

7.55

7.15

7.15

8.00

7.45

7.15

7.35

7.30

7.35

8.00

2.72

2.75

2.70

2.80

2.80

2.72

2.72

2.70

2.68

2.62

2.58

2.55

2.52

2.55

2.52

2.52

2.50

2.45

2.45

2.40

333

350

322

378

378

333

333

322

312

282

263

250

237

250

237

237

228

209

209

190

4.15

4.20

4.45

4.30

4.45

4.35

4.15

4.15

4.10

4.25

4.45

4.15

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.45

4.15

4.10

4.15

4.30

4.15

4.30

4.20

4.15

4.10

4.15

4.15

4.30

4.10

4.15

2.45

2.38

2.35

2.32

2.32

2.32

2.38

2.60

2.62

2.70

2.75

2.75

2.72

2.78

2.78

2.75

2.70

2.68

2.65

2.60

2.55

2.50

2.50

2.52

2.52

2.55

2.50

2.48

2.42

2.38

Day.

December.

A. M.

Time. Gag Discharge,

P.M.

Time. height.

Discharge.

December.

Day. A. M.

Time. Gage 

leight.

Discharge.

P.M.

Time. Gage 

height.

7.45

7.10

7.20

7.50

7.50

7.45

7.50

7.55

7.50

8.10

7.50

7.45

7.55

7.25

7.45

2.38

2.35

2.42

2.45

2.50

2.52

2.55

2.52

2.52

2.52

2.48

2.45

2.60

2.68

2.35

184

174

198

209

228

237

250

237

237

237

220

209

272

312

174

4.25 2.38 184 16..

17..

18..

4.20

4.15

4.10

4.20

4.00

4.15

4.10

4.10

2.48

2.50

2.55,

2.55^

2.55

2.50

2.48

2.45

220

228

250

250

250

228

220

209

19....

20....

21....

22....

23....

24....

25....

26....

27....

7.55

8.00

7.30

7.50

8.00

2.32

2.35

2.30

2.35

2.50

2.60

164

174

158

174

228

272

4.30

4.00

4.35

2.62

2.38

2.35

282

184

174

7.30

7.50

8.00

7.30

7.30

7.15

8.00

7.00

7.30

2.80

2.62

2.60

2.48

2.42

2.42

2.38

2.40

2.40

378

282

272

220

198

198

184

190

190

4.15

4.00

3.30

4.00

4.40

4.25

4.05

4.30

4.15

4.25

4.15

3.50

4.15

4.15

4.00

4.15

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.60

2.50

2.65

2.92

2.50

2.60

2.50

2.48

2.45

2.40

2.38

2.40

2.38

NOTE. Possibly slight backwater from ice during the first week in April. 

from a well-defined rating curve.

Daily discharge determined
SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1912, PAET IV. 

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS.

141

The following miscellaneous measurements were made on streams 

in the St. Lawrence River basin in 1912:

Miscellaneous measurements in St. Lawrence River drainage basin in 1912.

Date.

20

21

21

22

- 22

" 23

23

23

17

July 16

16

29

18

18

Dee. 18

Feb. 20*

Sept. 5

Oct. 12

Stream.

Devil Track River .......

.....do..;..................

Baptism River ............

.....do.....................

.....do.....................

.....do.....................

gatchie River.

.....do.....................

.....do.....................

.....do.....................

Tributary to 

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

Locality.

.....do......................

.....do......................

.....do......................

.....do......................

.....do......................

.....do......................

.....do......................

.....do......................

Port|Leyden,N.Y.. .......

.....do......................

.....do......................

Hyatt.N.Y........ ........

near Montpelier, Vt.

.....do......................

.....do......................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.25

1.12

1.46

6 16. 33

63.63

c2.52

15.16

<*4.70

<*4.70

<*4.70

A 9. 78

2.67

3.27

2.75

2.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

78.9

32.5

16.2

11.7

29.8

27.6

12.7

34.0

28.7

1,030

1,220

1,970

236

215

233

e 184

/139

fir 263

578

150

226

130

47

a Measurement affected by backwater from Genesee Elver.

& Gage datum is 25 feet below reference point on downstream horizontal tiebar 20 feet from left end of 

bridge.

« Gage at highway bridge below mills. 

<* Distance from block on gatehouse to water surface. 

« Gate No. 1 open. 

/ Gate No. 4 open 2 feet. 

a Gates Nos. 1 and 4 open 2 feet each.

ft Distance to water surface from top of downstream left corner of right abutment. 

f Measurement made under complete ice cover.

SUMMARY OF MEAN DISCHARGE PER SQUARE MILE.

The following summary of discharge per square mile is given to 

allow ready comparison of relative rates of run-off from different 

areas in the St. Lawrence River drainage basin. It shows in a general 

way the seasonal distribution of run-off, and the effect of snow, 

ground, surface, and artificial storage. The most important fact worth 

noting is the almost entire lack of uniformity or agreement between 

any two streams, which indicates that the discharge of each stream is 

a law unto itself, and that all projects dependent upon stream flow, 

if they are to be developed along the safest and most economical lines, 

must be based on records of stream flow collected with great care 

over a long series of years as near the location of the project under 

consideration as possible.
142 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1912, PART IV.

Summary of discharge, in second-feet per square mile, for river stations in the St. Lawrence River drainage basin in 1912.

Station.

Beaver Bay River at Beaver Bay, 

Minii... ............... ............

St. Louis River near Thomson, Minn . . 

Whiteface River at Meadowlands, 

Minn. ...............................

Whiteface River below Meadowlands,

Cloquet River at Independence, Minn. 

Escanaba River at Escauaba. Mich.... 

Menominee River near Iron Mountain, 

Mich................................

West Branch of Wolf River at Neopit,

Wi«

Manistee River near Sherman, Mich... 

Tittabawasee River at Freeland, Mich.

Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y. . 

Little Tonawanda Creek at Linden, 

N.Y................................

Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y. . . . 

Genesee River at Jones Bridge. N. Y. . 

Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y.. . . . 

Canaseraga Creeknear Dansville, N. Y.

Canadice Lake outlet near Hemlock, 

N.Y................................

Oneida River at Caughdenoy, N.Y... 

Salmon River at Stillwater Bridge

Salmon River near Pulaski, N.Y..... 

Orwell Brook near Altmar, N.Y...... 

Black River near Boonville, N. Y. . . . 

Black River near Felts Mills, N. Y. . . . 

Moose River at Moose River ,N. Y. . . . Middle branch of Moose River at 

Old Forge, N.Y....................

Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, 

N.Y................................

East Branch -of Oswegatchie River

Raquette River at Raquette Falls, 

1ST.Y.. ..............................

Raquette River at Piercefleld, N. Y... 

Raquette River at Massena Springs, 

1?.Y.. ..............................

Bog River near Tupper Lake, N.Y... 

St. Regis River at Brasher Center, 

N.Y................................

Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N.Y.

Drainage 

area.

Sq.m. 

120 

3,420

442

446 

698 

800

2,420

797

108 

900 

2,550

757 

467

22 

1,030 

1,410 

2,360 

167 

67

12.6 

1,377

191 

260 

22.1 

303 

1,851 

370

51.5 

1,580 

194

418 

723

1,170 

132

621 

206

487 

57

1

Kj

0.17 

.14

".'22 

1.12

1.07

.78

1.11

1.28 

.60 

.33 

1.01

"."65 

.55 

.56

.78 

1.86

1.31 

1.31

i."55 

1.22 

1.30

1.85 

1.19

1.80 

1.67

1.28 

1.26

.82

February.

0.08 

.10

".'26 

1.06

1.00

.48

1.23 

1.17 

.52 

.30 

.62

'."46 

.41 

.41

.67 

.98

1.05 

1.04

i."i4

1.17 

.72

2.29 

.53

.74 

.77

.65

.60 

"."36

1

0.06 

.13

"."27 

1.04

.98 

.56

1.03

1.16 

1.18 

1.10 

4.39

3." 40 

3.19 

2.88 

3. 17

3.06

1.30 

1.56

1.69 

1.69 i'ii

1.75 

1.45

1.72 

1.32

.61

.58

.83 

.74

.84

=3 

3

4.39

.75

"."46 

4.81

2.23

1.68

1.67 

1.78 

4.20 

2.21 

5.55

l.'n

4.33

4.24 

2.84 

3.34

3.88 

5.60

15.4 

16.0 

10.5 

9.90 

8.45 

7.30

4.49 

6.33

6.05 

3.15

5.32

5.75

8.00 "s.'ii

6.05

k>

OS

%

3.82 

2.41

1.96

1.94 

1.89 

3.06

2.66 

1.73

1.65 

1.73 

3.62 

.81

1.48

L23 

1.19 

1.21 

1.60 

.61

1.19 

3.36

5.92 

5.81 

3.21 

4.75 

3.83 

5.24

4.08 

2.58

5.38 

4.61

4.22

3.75

3.24

3." 47 

2.65

Kj

1.24 

1.21

1.34

1.30 

1.35 

1.32

1.25 

1.13

1.25 

1.41 

1.13 

.33 

.42

.24 

.27 

.33 

.56 

.11

.75 

1.87

1.53 

1.73 

1.37 

1.27 

1.99 

1.54

1.17 

3.19

2.46 

2.41

2.62 

2.20

2.09

i.'oo

1.50

>,

3

0.14 

.41

.19

.18 

1.18 

.52

.64 

1.28

1.74 

1.18 

.82 

.15 

.41

'."is

.18 

.17 

1.09 

.11

.60 

.61

.53 

.53 

.54 

.20 

.62 

.58

1.24 

.43

.39 

.46

.41

.50

"."46 

.22

1

0.22 

.20

.12

.10 

.31 

1.12

1.42 

1.61

L20 

.58 

.36 

.60

.14 

.17 

.21 

.14 

.30 

.07

.42

.42

.65

.59 

.81 

.17 

.58 

.65

1.29 

.39

.44 

.44

.44

.82 

.46 

.56 

.20

September.

0.56 

.36

.21

.20 

.32 

1.29

1.09 

1.99

i."44 

.72 

.46 

1.00

.07 

.47 

.50 

.28 

.50 

.13

.41

.80

1.74 

1.71 

1.32

.88 

.94 

1.05

1.90

.84

.84 

.59

.75 

82

.40

1.33 

.44

October.

0.32 

.37

.18

.17 

.70 

1.23

.88 

1.19

i."27 

.91 

.57 

1.09

.09

.60 

.58 

.32 

.30 

.16

.45 

1.31

3.03 

3.01 

2.06 

1.12 

1.38 

2.00

2.15 

1.27

1.27 

1.18

1.03

1.41 

1.01 

1.60 

1.21

November.

0.18 

.19

"."26 

.91

.64 

1.06

1.23 

1.46 

1.69 

1.01 

1.12

.24 

.74 

.70 

.41 

.44 

.25

.52 

1.54

3.08 

3.32 

2.59 

2.24 

1.69 

2.76

2.90 

3.11

?, 01

2.61 

2.36

2.30 

2.31 

1.92

1.81

December.

0.08 

.12

".'ig

.81

.77 

1.22

1.35 

1.42 

1.27 

.62 

2.18

.63 

.95 

.95 

.68 

.71 

.56

.57 

2.26

4.47 

4.04 

3.30 

2.66 

1.76 

2.14

2.78 

3.53

2,37

1.91 

3.37

3.53 

3.33 

1.39 

1.33

c

a

0.93 

.54

'."ei

1.52

1.22 

1.23

i."38 

1.44 

.69 

1.66

i.'is

1.09 

.97

.96

1.85

3.36 

3.38

2.'4i

2.11 

2.23

2.31 

2.05

1.69 

1.94

2.19

i."57
INDEX.

A.

Page. 

Accuracy of discharge measurements, degree

of................................ 13-14

Acknowledgments to those aiding........... 14

Acre-feet, definition of....................... 10

Altmar, N. Y.,

Orwell Brook near:

description.......................... 75

discharge............................ 75

discharge, daily.. ................. 76

discharge, monthly................. 77,142

gage height.......................... 76

Appropriations, amount of.................. 5

Auburn, N. Y.,

Owasco Outlet near:

description.......................... 68

discharge............................ 69

discharge, daily__................. 69

discharge, monthly.................. 69

gage height.......................... 69

Ausable Forks, N. Y., 

Ausable River at:

description.......................... 110

discharge............................ 110

discharge, daily.................... 111-112

discharge, monthly................ 113,142

gage height.......................... Ill

Au Sable River (Mich.) at 

Bamneld, Mich.:

description ......................... 40

gage height.......................... 40

Oscoda, Mich.:

discharge............................ 141

Redheads, Mich.:

discharge............................ 141

Ausable River (N. Y.) at 

Ausable Forks, N. Y.:

description.......................... 110

discharge............................ 110

discharge, daily.................... 111-112

discharge, monthly................ 113,142

gage height.......................... Ill

Authority for investigations................. 5-6

B. 

Bamfleld, Mich.,

Au Sable River at:

description........._............. 40

gage height.......................... 40

Baptism River (Minn.) nearmouth:

discharge............................ 141

Barnes, R. S., work of....................... 15

Batchelder, C. L., work of................... 15

Beaver Bay, Minn.,

Beaver Bay River at: 

description.......

discharge.........

discharge, daily...

Page. 

............. 16

............. 16

............. 18

discharge, monthly................. 19,142

gage height.......................... 17

Beaver Bay River at 

Beaver Bay, Minn.:

description.......................... 16

discharge............................ 16

discharge, daily...................... 18

discharge, monthly................. 19,142

gage height.......................... 17

Beaver River at 

Beaver River, N. Y.:

discharge............................ 141

Black River at or near 

Boonville,N.Y.:

description.......................... 77

discharge............................ 78

discharge, daily...................... 80

discharge, monthly................. 80,142

gage height......................^... 79

Felts Mills, N.Y.:

description.......................... 81

discharge, daily...................... 82

discharge, monthly................. 82,142

PortLeyden, N. Y.:

discharge............................ 141

Black River canal (south) at 

Boonville, N. Y.:

description.......................... 77

discharge............................ 78

Black River (Forestport feeder) near 

Boonville, N. Y.:

description.......................... 77

discharge............................ 78

Bog River near 

Tupper Lake, N. Y.:

description.......................... 100

discharge............................ 100

discharge, daily...................... 101

discharge, monthly................ 101,142

gage height.......................... 101

Boonville,N. Y., 

Black River near:

description.......................... 77

discharge............................ 78

discharge, daily...................... 80

discharge, monthly.. .............. 80,142

gage height.......................... 79

Black River canal (south) at:

description.......................... 77

discharge...:........................ 78

143
144 INDEX.

Boonville, N. Y. Continued.

Black River (Forestport feeder) near: Page, 

description.......................... 77

discharge ........................... 78

Brasher Center, N. Y., 

St. Regis River at:

description..1....................... 102

discharge............................ 102

discharge, daily.................... 103-104

discharge, monthly................ 105,142

gage height.......................... 103

Brule River (Minn.) nearmouth:

discharge............................ 141

Burlington, Vtr,

Lake Champlain at:

description.......................... 107

gage height.......................... 107

C.

Canadice Lake outlet near 

Hemlock, N. Y.:

description.......................... 67

discharge, monthly.................. 142

Canaseraga Creek at or near 

Dansville, N. Y.:

description.......................... 61

discharge............................ 61

discharge, daily..................... 62-63

discharge, monthly................. 04,142

gage height.......................... 62

Shakers Crossing, N. Y.:

discharge............................ 141

Canfield, G. H., work of..................... 15

Cascade River (Minn.) nearmouth:

discharge............................ 141

Cattaraugus Creek at 

Versailles, N. Y.:

description.......................... 45

discharge............................ 45

discharge, daily...................... 46-47

discharge, monthly................. 48,142

gage height.......................... 46

Caughdenoy, N. Y., 

Oneida River at:

description.......................... 70

discharge, daily..................... 70

discharge, monthly................. 71,142

Cloquet River at 

Independence, Minn.:

description.......................... 26

discharge............................ 26

discharge, daily..................... 28

discharge, monthly................. 28,142

gage height.......................... 27

Clyde River at 

West Derby, Vt.:

description........................ 136-137

discharge............................ 137

discharge, daily.................... 137-140

gage height........................ 137-140

Cooperation, credit for....................... 14

Coreys (Raquette Falls), N. Y., 

; Raquette River near:

description..................._.... 91

discharge..................._...... 92

Coreys (Raquette Falls), N. Y. Continued. 

Raquette river near Continued.

discharge, daily..................... 93

discharge, monthly................. 93,142

gage height.......................... 92

Covert, C. C., work of........................ 15

Cross River (Minn.) nearmouth:

discharge................. .......... 141

Current meters, views of.................... 13

Current-meter stations, views of............. 12,96

D.

Dansville, N. Y.,

description.......................... 61

discharge............................ 61

discharge, daily..................... 62-63

discharge, monthly................. 64,142

gage height.......................... 62

Data,explanation of........................ 11-13

Deer River at 

Ironton, N. Y.:

description........................ 105-106

discharge............................ 106

discharge, daily..................... 106

discharge, monthly............... 107,142

gage height.......................... 106

Definition of terms.......................... 9-10

De Golyer, C. S., work of.................... 15

Devil Track River (Minn.) nearmouth:

discharge............................ 141

Dexter, Mich., 

Huron River at:

description.......................... 42

discharge............................ 42

gage height.......................... 42

Discharge, definition of...................... 9

Discharge measurements, accuracy of........ 13-14'

tables of,explanation of............ 11-13

Discharge measurements (miscellaneous) in

St. Lawrence River basin....... 141

Discharge per square mile (summary of) for 

river stations in St. Lawrence 

River basin..................... 142

Dog River at 

Northfield,Vt.:

description.......................... 123

discharge............................ 124

discharge, daily..... v .............. 125

discharge, monthly................ 125,142

gage height.......................... 124

Drainage basins, list of...................... 8

E.

East Creek nearRutland, Vt.:

description.......................... 113

gage height.......................... 114

Equivalents, list of.......................... 10-11

Escanaba, Mich.,

Esoanaba River near:

description.......................... 29

discharge, daily..................... 30

discharge,monthly................. 30,142
INDEX. 145

Escanaba Eiver near 

Escanaba, Mich.:

description.......................... 29

discharge, dafly..................... 30

3, monthly................. 30,142

....................... 29

F.

Felts Mills, N. Y., 

Black River near:

description.......................... 81

discharge, daily..................... 82

discharge, monthly................. 82,142

Field data, accuracy and reliability of....... 13-14

Flat Rock, Mich., 

Huron River at:

description.......................... 44

discharge............................ 44

gage height.......................... 44

Forestport feeder. See Black River (N. Y.). 

Fort Montgomery, N. Y., 

Richelieu River at:

description.......................... 108

gage height.......................... 109

Freeland, Mich.,

Tittabawassee Eiver at:

description.......................... 41

discharge, daily...................... 41

discharge, monthly................. 41,142

G.

Gage heights, table of, explanation of........ 12

Gaging stations, views of.................... 12,96

Geddes, Mich., 

Huron River at:

description.......................... 43

discharge, dafly...................... 43

discharge, monthly................. 43,142

Genesee River at or nearJones Bridge. See Mount Morris, N. Y. 

Mount Morris (Jones Bridge), N. Y.:

description....... ....,.. ........... 55

discharge............................ 56

discharge, dafly...................... 57

discharge, monthly................. 57,142

gage height.......................... 56

Rochester, N. Y.:

description.......................... 58

discharge............................ 58

discharge, daily...................... 60

discharge, monthly................. 60,142

gage height.......................... 59

St Helena, N.Y.:

description.......................... 50-51

discharge............................ 51

discharge,daily...................... 53-54

discharge, monthly................. 55,142

gage height....................:..... 51-52

Genesee River basin, stream flow In ........ 50-87

Grand Rapids, Mich., 

Grand River at:»

description.......................... 36

gage height.......................... 37

Grand River at 

Grand Rapids, Mich.:

description.......................... 26

....................... 37

H.

Hannawa Falls, N. Y., Page. 

Raquette River at:

dam, view of........................ 96

Hartwell, O. W., work of.................... 15

Hemlock, N. Y.,

Canadice Lake outlet near:

description.......................... 67

discharge, monthly.................. 142

gage height.......................... 68

Horton, A. H., work of...................... 15

Hoyt, W. G., work of........................ 15

Huron River at 

Dexter, Mich.:

description.......................... 42

discharge............................ 42

gage height.......................... 42

Flat Rock, Mich.:

description.......................... 44

discharge............................ 44

gage height.......................... 44

Geddes, Mich.:

description.......................... 43

discharge, dMIy...................... 43

discharge, monthly................. 43,142

Hyatt, N. Y.,

Oswegatchie River (South Branch) at:

discharge............................ 141

I.

Independence, Minn., 

Cloquet River at:

description.......................... 26

discharge............................ 26

discharge, daily...................... 28

discharge, monthly................. 28,142 

gage height.......................... 27

Investigations, authority for................. 5-6

scope of................................. 5-6

Iron Mountain, Mich., 

Menominee River near:

description.......................... 31

discharge, daily..................... 32

discharge, monthly................. 32,142

gage height.......................... 31

Iron ton, N. Y., 

Deer River at:

description........................ 105-106

discharge............................ 106

discharge, daily..................... 106

discharge, monthly................ 107,142

gage height.......................... 106

J. 

Jackson, H. J., work of...................... 15

Johnson, Vt.,

Lamoille Biver at:

description.......................... 126

discharge...........^............... 126

discharge, daily................... 127-131

gage height........................ 127-131

Jones Bridge. See Mount Morris, N. Y.

K.

Keshena, Wis., 

Wolf Eiver at:

description.......................... 32-33

di scharge............................ 33

discharge, daily..................... 34

discharge, monthly................. 34,142

gage height.......................... 33

1572° WSP 324 14
146 INDEX.

Keshequa Creek at 

a, N. Y.: 

description.......................... 64

discharge............................ 65

discharge, daily..................... 66

discharge, monthly................. 67,142

L.

Lake Champlain at 

Burlington, Vt.:

description.......................... 107

gage height.......................... 107

Lake Erie, tributaries to, flow of............ 45-48

Lake Huron, tributaries to, flow of.......... 40-44

Lake Michigan, tributaries to, flow of....... 29-39

Lake Ontario, tributaries to, flow of......... 49-87

Lake Superior, tributaries to, flow of........ 16-28

Lamoille River at 

Johnson, Vt.:

description.......................... 126

discharge............................ 126

discharge, daily................... 127-131

gage height........................ 127-131

Linden, N. Y.,

Little Tonawanda Creek at:

description.......................... 49

discharge............................ 49

discharge, daily..................... 50

discharge, monthly................. 50,142

gage height.......................... 49

Little Tonawanda Creek at 

Linden, N. Y.:

description.......................... 49

discharge............................ 49

discharge, daily...................... 50

discharge, monthly................. 50,142

gage height.......................... 49

Lutsen, Minn., 

Poplar River at:

description.......................... 15

discharge............................ 16

gage height.......................... 16

M.

Manistee River, near 

Sherman, Mien.:

description.......................... 37

discharge, daily..................... 39

discharge, monthly................. 39,142

gage height.......................... 38

Manitou River (Minn.), nearmouth:

discharge............................ 141

Massena Springs, N. Y., 

Raquette River at:

description.......................... 97

discharge............................ 98

discharge, daily..................... 99

discharge, monthly................. 99,142

Mathers, J. G., work of.................... 15

Meadowlands, Minn., 

Whlteface River at:

description.......................... 21-22

discharge............................ 22

discharge, daily..................... 23

discharge, monthly................. 23,142

....................... 22

Meadowlands, Minn. Continued. 

Whiteface River below:

description.......................... 24

discharge, daily..................... 25

discharge, monthly................. 25,142

gage height.......................... 24

Menominee River nearIron Mountain, Mich.:

description.......................... 31

discharge, daily..................... 32

discharge, monthly................. 32,142

gage height.......................... 31

Miscellaneous discharge measurements in St.

Lawrence River basin........... 141

Missisquoi River near 

Richford,Vt.:

description.......................... 131

discharge............................ 132

discharge, daily................... 132-136

gage height........................ 132-136

Monk, P. S., work of........................ 15

Montgomery. See Fort Montgomery, N. Y. 

Montpelier,Vt.,

Winooski River at and near:

description.......................... 115

discharge.......................... 116,141

discharge, daily................... 116-119

gage height../.................( 115,116-119

Winooski River (Worcester Branch) at:

description.......................... 119

discharge............................ 120

discharge, daily................... 120-123

gage height........................ 120-123

Worcester Branch at. See Winooski

River.

Moose River, N. Y., 

Moose River at:

description.......................... 83

discharge............................ 83

discharge, daily..................... 84

discharge, monthly................. 85,142

gage height.......................... 84

Moose River at 

Moose River, N. Y.:

description.......................... 83

discharge............................ 83

discharge, daily..................... 84

discharge, monthly................. 85,142

gage height.......................... 84

Moose River (Middle Branch) at 

Old Forge, N. Y.:

description.......................... 85

discharge............................ 85

discharge, daily..................... 87

discharge, monthly................. 87,142

gage height.......................... 86

Mount Morris (Jones Bridge), N. Y., 

Genesee River near:

description.......................... 55

discharge............................ 56^

discharge, daily. .....*............... 57

discharge, monthly................ 57,142

gage height.......................... 56

Mount Morris power canal at:

discharge............................ 141

Mount Morris power canal at 

Mount Morris, N. Y.:

discharge............................ 141
INDEX. 147

Neopit,Wis.,

Wolf River (West Branch) at: Page, 

description.......................... 35

discharge, daily..................... 35

discharge, monthly................. 36,142

Newton Falls, N. Y.,

Oswegatchie River (East Branch) at:

description.......................... 90

discharge............................ 90

discharge, daily..................... 91

discharge, monthly................. 91,142

gage height.......................... 90

Northfield,Vt., 

Dog River at:

description.......................... 123

discharge............................ 124

discharge, daily..................... 125

discliarge, monthly................ 125,142

gage height.......................... 124

O. 

Ogdensburg, N. Y.,

Oswegatchie River near:

description.......................... 88

discharge, daily..................... 89

discharge, monthly................. 89,142

gage height.......................... 88

Old Forge, N. Y.,

Moose River (Middle Branch) at:

description.......................... 85

discharge............................ 85

discharge, daily..................... 87

discharge, monthly................. 87,142

Oneida River at 

Caughdenoy, N. Y.:

description.......................... 70

discharge, daily..................... 70

discharge, monthly................. 71,142

Orwell Brook near 

Altmar, N. Y.:

description.......................... 75

discharge............................. 75

discharge, daily..................... 76

discharge, monthly................. 77,142

gage height.......................... 76

Oscoda, Mich.,

Au Sable River at:

discharge............................ 141

Oswegatchie River near 

Ogdensburg, N. Y.:

description.......................... 88

discharge, daily..................... 89

discharge, monthly................. 89,142

gage height.......................... 88

Oswegatchie River (East Branch) at 

Newton Falls, N. Y.:

description.......................... 90

discharge............................ 90

discharge, daily..................... 91

discharge, monthly................. 91,142

gage height.......................... 90

Oswegatchie River (South Branch) at 

Hyatt, N. Y.:

discharge............................ 141

Owasco Outlet nearAuburn, N. Y.:

description.........

discharge...........

discharge, daily....

discharge, monthly.

Page.

Padgett, H. D., work of..................... 15

Piercefleld, N. Y., 

Raquette River at:

description.......................... 94

discharge............................ 94

discharge, daily..................... 96

discharge, monthly................. 97,142

gage height.......................... 95r

gaging station, view of............... 96

Pigeon River (Minn.) near 

mouth:

discharge............................ 141

Plattsburg, N. Y., 

Saranac River near:

description.......................... 110

discharge*............................ 110

Poplar River at 

Lutsen, Minn.:

description.......................... 15

discharge............................ 16

gage height.......................... 16

Port Leyden, N. Yv 

Black River at:

discharge............................ 141

Price meters, views of....................... 13

Publications of United States Geological Survey on stream measurement..... 6-8

how to obtain........................... 9

libraries and offices containing........... 9

Pulaski, N. Y.,

Salmon River near:

description.......................... 73

discharge............................ 73

discharge, daily..................... 74

discharge, monthly................. 75,142

gage height.......................... 74

R.

Raquette Falls. See Coreys, N. Y. . 

Raquette River at or near 

Coreys (Raquette Falls), N. Y.:

description.......................... 91

discharge............................ 92

discharge, daily..................... 93

discharge, monthly................. 93,142

gage height.......................... 92

Hannawa Falls, N. Y.:

dam, view of........................ 96

Massena Springs, N. Y.: <

description.......................... 97

discharge............................ 98

discharge, daily..................... 99

discharge, monthly................. 99,142

Piercefield, N. Y.: 

description.... 

discharge......
148 INDEX.

Raquette River at or near Continued.

Piercefleld, N. Y. Continued. Page, 

discharge, daily..................... 96

discharge, monthly................. 97,142

gage height........................ 95

gaging station, view of............... 96

Raquette Falls. See Coreys, N. Y.

Redfleld (Stillwater Bridge), N. Y., 

Salmon River near:

description.......................... 71

discharge............................ 71

discharge, daily..................... 72

discharge, monthly................. 73,142

gage height.......................... 72

Redheads, Mich., 

Au Sable River at:

discharge............................ 141

Richelieu River at 

Fort Montgomery-, N. Y.:

description..........................' 108

gage height.......................... 109

Richford, Vt.,

Missisquoi River near:

description. .............*........... 131

discharge............................ 132

discharge, daily................... 132-136

gage height........................ 132-136

Rochester, N. Y., 

Genesee River at:

description.......................... 58

discharge............................ 58

discharge, daily..................... 60

discharge, monthly................. 60,142

gage height.......................... 59

Run-off, depth in inches, definition of....... 10

Run-off, terms used in expressing........... 10

Rutland, Vt.,

East Creek near:

description.......................... 113

gage height.......................... 114

S.

St. Helena, N. Y., 

Genesee River at:

description.......................... 50-51

discharge............................ 51

discharge, daily..................... 53-54

discharge monthly................. 55,142

gage height.......................... 51-52

St. Lawrence River, tributaries to, flow of.. 88-140 

St. Louis River near 

Thomson, Minn.:

description.......................... 19

discharge............................ 20

discharge, daily..................... 21

discharge, monthly................. 21,142

gage height.......................... 20

St. Regis River at 

Brasher Center. N. Y.:

description.......................... 102

discharge............................ 102

discharge, daily................... 103-104

discharge, monthly................ 105,142

gage height.......................... 103

Salmon River near 

Pulaski, N. Y ;

description.......................... 73

discharge............................ 73

Salmon River near Continued.

Pulaski, N. Y. Continued. Page, 

discharge, daily..................... 74

discharge, monthly................. 75,142

gage height.......................... 74

Redfield (Stillwater Bridge), N. Y.:

description.......................... 71

discharge............................ 71

discharge, daily..................... 72

discharge, monthly................. 73,142

gage height.......................... 72

Stillwater Bridge. See Redfield, N. Y. 

Saranac River near 

Plattsburg, N. Y.:

description.......................... 110

discharge............................ 110

Scope of investigations...................... 5-6

Second-feet per square mile, definition of.... 10

Second-foot, definition of.................... 9

Shakers Crossing, N. Y.,

discharge............................ 141

Sherman, Mich.,

Manistee River near:

description.......................... 37

discharge, daily...................... 39

discharge, monthly................. 39,142

gage height.......................... 38

Sonyea, N. Y.,

Keshequa Creek at:

description;......................... 64

discharge............................ 65

discharge, daily...................... 66

discharge, monthly................. 67,142

gage height.......................... 65

Soule", S. B., work of......................... 15

Stillwater Bridge. See Redfield, JST. Y.

Stream measurement, accuracy of........... 13

publications on, by United States Geological Survey................... 6-8

how to obtain....................... 9

libraries and offices containing....... 9

T.

Tables, explanation of..................... 12

Temperance River (Minn.) near 

mouth:

discharge............................ 141

Terms,definitions of. .................... 9-10

Thomson, Minn.,

St. Louis River near:

description.......................... 19

discharge............................ 20

discharge, daily...................... 21

discharge, monthly................. 21,142

gage height.......................... 20

Tittabawassee River at 

Freeland, Mich.:

description.......................... 41

discharge, daily...................... 41

discharge, monthly................. 41,142

Tonawanda Creek. See Little Tonawanda

Creek.

Tupper Lake, N. Y., 

Bog River near:

description.......................... 100

discharge............................ 100
INDEX. 149

Tapper Lake, N. Y. Continued.

Bog Eiver near Continued. Page, 

"discharge, daily...................... 101

discharge, monthly................ 101,142

gage height.......................... 101

V. 

Versailles, N. Y.,

Cattaraugus Creek at:

description.......................... 45

discharge............................ 45

discharge, daily...................... 46-47

discharge, monthly................. 48,142

gage height.......................... 46

W.

Walters, M. I., work of...................... 15

Weber, Frank, work of...................... 15

West Derby, Vt., 

Clyde River at:

description........................ 136-137

discharge............................ 137

discharge, daily.................... 137-140

gage height........................ 137-140

Whiteface Eiver at and below 

Meadowlands, Minn.:

description....................... 21-22,24

discharge............................ 22

discharge, daily...................... 23,25

discharge, monthly.............. 23,25,142

gage height.......................... 22,24

Winooski Eiver at or near 

Montpelier, Vt.: " Page, 

description.......................... 115

discharge..............^........... 116,141

discharge, daily.................... 116-119

gage height.................... 115,116-119

Winooski River (Worcester Branch) at 

Montpelier, Vt.:

description.......................... 119

discharge............................ 120

discharge, daily.................... 120-123

gage height........................ 120-123

Wolf River at 

Keshena, Wis.:

description.......................... 32-33

discharge............................ 33

discharge, daily...................... 34

discharge, monthly................. 34,142

gage height.......................... 33

Wolf Eiver (West Branch) at 

Neopit, Wis.:

description.......................... 35

discharge, daily_................... 35

discharge, monthly................. 36,142

Wood, B. D., work of....................... 15

Worcester Branch of Winooski River. See 

Winooski River.

Work, subdivision of........................ 15

o