Lonal Bureau or stanaarutLibrary, N.W. Bldg

SEP 9 1963

^ecUnic&l ^lote 196

REPORT OF THE INVESTIGATION

OF SLOW-FLOW METERS

FOR FUEL OIL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

D. R. MACKAY

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Functions and Activities

The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act of Congress,

March 3, 1901, as amended by Congress in Public Law 619, 1950. Tbesc include ihe development and maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means

and methods for making measurements consistent with these standards; the determination of physical constants and properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments

for esting materials, devices, and structures; advisory services to government agencies on

scientific and technical problems; invention and development of devices to serve special needs

of .iie Government; and the development of standard practices, codes, and specifications. The

work includes basic and applied research, development, engineering, instrumentation, testing,

evaluation, calibration services, and various consultation and information services. Research

projects are also performed for other government agencies when the work relates to and supplements the basic program of the Bureau or when the Bureau's unique competence is required.

The scope of activities is suggested by the listing of divisions and sections on the inside of

the back cover.

Publications

The results of the Bureau's research are published either in the Bureau's own scries of

publications or in the journals of professional and scientific societies. The Bureau publishes

three periodicals available from the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research,

published in four separate sections, presents complete scientific and technical papers; the Technical News Bulletin presents summary and preliminary reports on work in progress; and the

Central Radio Propagation Laboratory Ionospheric. Predictions provides data for determining

the best frequencies to use for radio communications throughout the world. There are also

five series of nonperiodical publications: Monographs, Applied Mathematics Series, Handbooks,

Miscellaneous Publications, and Technical Notes.

A complete listing of the Bureau's publications can be found in National Bureau of Standards Circular 460, Publications of the National Bureau of Standards, 1901 to June 1947 ($1.25),

and the Supplement to National Bureau of Standards Circular 460, July 1947 to June 1957

(SI. 50), and Miscellaneous Publication 240, July 1957 to June 1960 (includes Titles of Papers

Published in Outside Journals 1950 to 1959) ($2.25); available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Z^ecknleal 92ote 196

ISSUED SEPTEMBER 5, 1963

REPORT OF THE INVESTIGATION

OF SLOW-FLOW METERS

FOR FUEL OIL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS

D. R. Mackay

NBS Technical Notes are designed to supplement the Bureau's regular publications program. They provide a means for making available scientific data that are of transient or limited interest. Technical Notes may be

listed or referred to in the open literature.

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. - Price 20 cents

Contents

Page

1. Introduction 1

2. Test Conditions 3

2.1. Test Fluids 3

2.2. Test Flow Rates 3

2.3. Test Line Pressure 4

2.4. Special Test Conditions 4

3. Test Equipment 7

4. Test Standards 8

5. Test Procedures 9

6. Test Results 9

7. Conclusions 10

8. Recommendations 11

Appendix I. Test Procedures 12

Appendix II. Summary of Varsol Tests 13

Appendix III. Summary of No. 2 Oil Tests 14

Appendix IV. Summary of Intermittent Tests 15

Appendix V. Summary of Low Temperature Tests 16

iii

Report of the Investigation of Slow-Flow Meters for

Fuel Oil Distribution Systems

Donald R. Mackay

A recent development in the retail distribution of

fuel oil to individual residences and to mobile homes

involves the use of small, slow-flow meters. A technical investigation was conducted by the Office of Weights

and Measures to develop testing equipment and test

procedures that could be used to evaluate the accuracy

characteristics of these meters. This report describes

the testing systems and test procedures that were developed, as well as the data that were obtained during

the course of the investigation.

1. Introduction

A new method of distributing fuel oil from a single central storage facility to a number of individual residences has recently been

developed by fuel oil distributors. This method involves the delivery

of fuel through distribution lines to individual homes where small

meters (figure 1) are installed to measure the flow of fuel as actually

consumed by the burner. This system of oil distribution is most suitable for new housing developments and trailer parks where the installation costs can be held to an economically feasible level. This type

of fuel-oil distribution system seems rapidly to be gaining acceptance

throughout the country because of the reported advantages of the

system: (1) the elimination of individual home storage tanks, (2) the

reduction of oil deliveries, (3) the elimination of the need for fuel

inventories in individual homes, and (4) the simplification of billing

procedures.

A so-called "slow-flow" meter is a commercial measuring

device because the indications of fuel flow provided by the meter are

used as the basis for charging a home owner for the oil consumed by
his burner. The State of Pennsylvania requested assistance from the

Office of Weights and Measures, National Bureau of Standards, in

evaluating the commercial application and operation of such meters,

in August of 1962. Representatives of several meter companies also

contacted the Office of Weights and Measures for technical advice and

assistance.

A technical investigation of slow -flow meters was initiated by

OWM in September 1962 (1) to devise one or more satisfactory testing

•systems with all of the necessary control and indication elements,

Figure 1. Four Slow -Flow Meters.

(2) to develop specific testing procedures, (3) to determine the accuracy of various commercially available meters of this type, and (4) to

develop technical requirements that could be recommended to the

Committee on Specifications and Tolerances of the National Conference

on Weights and Measures. This report will be concerned with the first

three objectives of this investigation.

Four slow -flow meters were available when the study began; two

were made in the United States and two in Europe. All were pistontype, positive -displacement meters --three with single, double-acting

pistons, and one with four pistons.

2
2. Test Conditions

It was decided in advance that the tests of meter accuracy would

be conducted under conditions as similar as practicable to actual

service conditions. For this reason a careful study was made to determine the probable applications for these meters. It was learned

that the meters would be used to measure kerosene flow to pot-type

burners such as space heaters in mobile homes, garages, and utility

buildings, and to measure No. 2 fuel oil flowing to gun-type burners

in residences and larger buildings. It was also learned that systems

utilizing gravity flow from overhead storage tanks would be installed, as well as systems utilizing pumps to deliver fuel from underground

tanks.

2.1. Test Fluids

Since kerosene, because of its low flashpoint, creates a hazardous environment when used for testing purposes in normal laboratories, Stoddard Solvent (varsol) was chosen as a simulant for kerosene. Stoddard Solvent is a petroleum distillate with a minimum

flashpoint of 100°F and a minimum boiling point of 358*F. The product

is normally used as a drycleaning solvent and for the wet- cleaning of

metal parts. It has physical properties approximating those of kerosene with the exception of the flashpoint. The varsol used in this

investigation conformed to the requirements of the Federal Specification P-S-66b and Commercial Standard CS3-40.

No. 2 fuel oil was used during the tests conducted to approximate

the conditions in which the meters would be used to measure flow of

fuel to gun-type burners. This fuel-oil product, with a rather high

flashpoint, is relatively safe to use in a laboratory where normal

safety precautions are observed.

2.2. Test Flow Rates

It was determined, through a review of commercial literature,

that the flow rates encountered in the operation of kerosene-fired pottype burners may vary from 0.01 to 0. 05 gallon per hour (gph) for

pilot flow rates, and from 0. 50 to 1.0 gph for heating flow rates. It was decided that the tests would include both low and high flow rates;

thus a minimum test flow rate of 0. 05 gph and a maximum test flow

rate of 1. gph were chosen for the majority of the tests simulating

the measurement of kerosene for pot-type burners.
It was also determined through study of commercial literature

that flow rates encountered in the operation of gun-type burners using

No. 2 fuel oil may vary from 0. 5 gph to approximately 2. 5 gph. Thus,

it was decided that the tests simulating the measurement of No. 2 fuel

oil to gun-type burners would generally be conducted at flow rates of

1. and 2. gph.

2.3. Test Line Pressure

Line pressures in systems utilizing slow-flow meters may vary

from 4 or 5 pounds per square inch, gage (psig), the minimum

pressure developed in gravity flow systems, to 25 or 30 psig, which

could be created in systems employing pumps. Most of the slow -flow

meters available were designed to operate under pressures of from

less than 2 psig to approximately 35 psig. It was decided that a

pressure of 10 psig would be used throughout the investigation, since

it appeared from the design of the meters that accuracy would be

virtually unaffected by any pressure differences within this range.

2. 4. Special Test Conditions

Initially it was felt that, in order to duplicate actual operating

conditions, tests would have to be conducted which involved both pilot

and heating flow rates for pot-type burners and on-off cycling of the

flow rates for gun-type oil burners. These so-called "intermittent"

tests were conducted using a timeclock-controlled solenoid valve. In

the varsol tests, a pilot flow rate of 0.05 gph and a heating rate of

1. gph were used generally. These intermittent tests were conducted

with a cycle of either one or two minutes at the heating rate followed

by one minute at the pilot flow rate. For the No. 2 fuel oil tests, a cycle of one or two minutes at the 2. gph rate followed by one minute

of zero-flow was employed.

Special tests were also conducted to determine the effect of

low temperature on the accuracy of the meters, since meters in certain localities would be subject to low winter temperatures. These

tests were conducted in a controlled-temperature chamber. Approximately 20 feet of tubing from the test panel was coiled within the box

(2 feet x 2 feet x 3 feet) to provide exposure to the 0°F (±4°F) air

temperature before the test fluid entered the meter, which was

mounted within the control chamber. The measuring flask was also

situated in the low -temperature environment, to permit measurement

of the fluid in the flask at the same temperature as the measurement

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of the fluid by the meter. Varsol was used throughout the lowtemperature tests, as it was recognized that it would provide a more

difficult measurement situation than the No. 2 oil under similar conditions.

3. Test Equipment

A test panel was designed to include all of the control mechanisms that were deemed necessary to conduct performance tests on

the meters. The equipment was assembled in a manner that duplicated, as nearly as practicable, actual meter-installation conditions.

The test-panel equipment, as shown photographically in figure 2

and schematically in figure 3, included: (1) a polyethylene carboy to

provide a 5-gallon supply of test fluid, (2) a centrifugal pump to provide flow under pressure, (3) a filter to remove any foreign particles

from the test fluid, (4) a two-way globe valve to control flow rates,

(5) a solenoid valve controlled by a timeclock (17) to provide intermittent flows, (6) a needle valve to control pilot flow rates, (7) a pressure gage to indicate line pressures, (8) a thermometer well to

provide liquid temperature, (9) the meter under test, (10) a needle

valve to control the flow rate on the outlet side of the meter, (11) a

toggle valve to start and stop each test, (12) a glass nozzle to limit

the drainage of test fluid from the lines on the downstream side of the

meter, (13) a bypass valve to control line pressure, (14) an electrical

switch to control the pump operation, (15) an electric motor to power

the pump, (16) an electrical switch to energize the solenoid valve

circuit, and (17) a timeclock to control the operation of the solenoid

valve, (18) a mercury thermometer to observe fluid temperature, and

(19) an air-bleed valve to remove entrapped air. The bypass valve

was adjusted to provide 10 psig in the system.

Another testing system, involving a tank pressurized by a

source of compressed air (figure 4), was later substituted for the

pump system. This provided noise-free testing and is to be recommended for use wherever a source of compressed air is readily

available. (This system does not necessarily eliminate the need for

the pump, as the test liquid must be returned to the supply tank from

time to time. ) A third system utilizing gravity flow from an overhead storage

tank was not attempted, due to lack of necessary ceiling height. Such

a system is entirely feasible where a sufficient height is available to

provide the required head pressure.
4. Test Standards

Volumetric standards were used to measure accurately the

amount of liquid delivered by each meter during the tests. These

standards were glass flasks, with graduated necks, and ranged in size

from 1 gill to 1 gallon--the same type flasks as those recommended for

use in checking the contents of packaged liquid commodities. The

flasks were obtained from a glass apparatus supply company and were

calibrated by the Mass and Volume Section of the National Bureau of

Standards and reported to be well within the tolerances established for

such glassware.

Figure 4. Test Panel Using Compressed Air.

In order to determine precisely the meter error during each

test, a 120-minim measuring buret with 1 -minim graduations, and a

1 -ounce measuring buret with 10 -minim graduations were utilized.

The liquid measured by the meter and delivered into the flask usually

produced a meniscus between two flask graduations. Sufficient measured liquid was then introduced from the buret to raise the meniscus

to the next higher graduation. The meter error was then determined

to the nearest minim.
The standards were calibrated "to deliver" with a 10-second

drain period, which was observed throughout the tests. All glassware

was wetted and drained prior to use, rinsed daily with suitable solvents, and washed weekly with a detergent for laboratory glassware.

5. Test Procedures

The test procedures, as refined experimentally and used throughout the majority of the tests, are described in detail in Appendix I. The test volume selected for the various tests was generally equal to

at least four times the minimum volume that could be measured and

indicated by the meter. It was found that in the case of meters with

a large minimum visual indication, such as 0. 1 gallon, a long period

of time was required to conduct the tests at the lower flow rates. It was determined, through a thorough study of the design and operation

of certain of these meters, that a distinct audible signal was produced

by the measuring mechanism at the end of each measurement cycle-

a volume equal to a half or a quarter of the visibly indicated interval.

Thus, it became possible to reduce the volume and the time of the test

through the use of these audible signals from certain meters.

6. Test Results

The results of the tests conducted at room temperature using

varsol as a substitute for kerosene are summarized in Appendix II. The information shown includes a meter identification number, the

flow rate, the test volume, and the average error in percentage of test

volume. It can be seen from the data that the average errors at the

pilot flow rates were generally positive, indicating underregistration

of the meter, while the average errors at the heating flow rates were

generally negative, indicating overregistration. Also, it can be seen

that the average errors at the pilot flow rate were considerably larger

than the errors at the heating flow rates. The average error for all

pilot flow rate tests was +2. 33 percent, while the average error for all

heating flow rate tests was -0.36 percent.

The results of the tests conducted using No. 2 fuel oil at room

temperatures, summarized in Appendix III, demonstrate that the

average errors observed at the lower flow rates were generally in the

direction of underregistration, while those observed at the higher flow

rates were generally in the direction of overregistration. The average

error for all tests conducted at flow rates approximating 1 gph was

+0. 11 percent, while the average error for all tests conducted at flow
rates approximating 2 gph was -0. 06 percent. It can also be seen

from the data that the meter errors with No. 2 fuel oil were considerably smaller than those with varsol.

The results of the intermittent tests which were conducted using

varsol indicated that these are unnecessary if tests are conducted at

both the pilot and heating flow rates. The intermittent tests conducted using No. 2 oil provided results which also clearly indicated

that such tests were unnecessary under normal circumstances. These

results are found in Appendix IV.

The tests at low temperatures using varsol as the test fluid

were conducted on only one meter from each manufacturer. The results of these tests, found in Appendix V, indicate there is very little

apparent difference in meter performance between the results at low

temperature and those at room temperature.

7. Conclusions

The results clearly indicate that the majority of the meters

performed quite accurately. Errors in only two of the thirteen meters

tested were greater than 1. percent at flow rates above 0. 05 gph.

(It should be pointed out, however, that three meters, each of different

manufacture, originally included in the investigation were found to

have unreasonably large errors, indicating a defective assembly, a malfunctioning component, or an improperly manufactured part.

These meters were removed from the test series and returned to the

manufacturer or supplier, and the data obtained through the use of

these meters were eliminated from the test results. )

The results also indicated that neither low -temperature nor

intermittent tests are normally necessary if a meter is tested at both

maximum and minimum flow rates.

It was obvious that any one of the three testing systems would

be entirely satisfactory- -the pump system, the pressure tank system,

or the gravity flow system.

The testing panel and specific procedures employed during the

tests to determine the accuracy of the slow -flow meters proved to be

entirely satisfactory.

10
8. Recommendations

The design of the test panel, as shown schematically in figure 3,

is recommended as being satisfactory for testing slow-flow meters.

The specific test procedures listed in Appendix I are suggested

for use with the panel in conducting tests of the accuracy of slow -flow

meters.

The use of calibrated glass test measures and measuring burets

is recommended. The ratio of the size of the test measure to the

minimum delivery indication (visible or audible) of the meter should

be at least four to one.

The author wishes to acknowledge the assistance received from

1) J. H. Griffith, Division 17. 0, for conducting the tests, 2) M. W.

Jensen, Division 17. 0, for his guidance and contributions, and 3) the

various companies that provided the meters and technical information

concerning their meters.

11
Appendix I

Test Procedures

Pre-Test Operations

1. Position meters as per manufacturer's instructions.

2. Eliminate air from system by bleeding line and meters.

3. Obtain 10 psig line pressure under test flow conditions.

4. Adjust flow rate of liquid through meters under test.

5. Wet test measures, and drain for 10-second period.

6. Stop flow when meter indication reaches desired test starting

point.

7. Run one preliminary test to check and stabilize all conditions.

Test Procedures

1. Record initial meter reading, meter number, and test

number.

2. Start fluid flow and stopwatch simultaneously.

3. Record liquid temperature during first quarter of test.

4. Check flow rate and pressure; adjust if necessary.

5. Determine end-of-test meter reading.

6. Record liquid temperature during last quarter of test.

7. Stop fluid flow and stopwatch at end of test.

8. Record final meter reading and apparent error.

9. Use buret to determine actual error in minims.

10. Record actual error in minims.

12
Appendix II Summary of Varsol Tests

Meter Average

Error

Number of

No. Flow Rate Volume Tests

(gal /hour) (percent)

12 1.4 1 pint -0.4 2

12 0.05 1 gill +4.8 2

13 1.2 1 pint -0. 14 7

13 0.05 1 gill +1. 93 5

14 1.2 1 pint +0.34 2

14 0.05 1 gill + 1. 31 6

32 0. 9 1 quart -0.31 3

32 0.05 1 quart +4.0 1

33 1.0 1 quart -0. 34 6

33 0.05 1 quart -0.24 1

34 . 1.0 1 quart -1. 17 9

34 0.05 1 quart +8. 61 2

41 1.0 1 quart -0.33 4

41 0.05 1 quart + 1.68 2

42 1.0 1 quart -0. 58 3

42 0.05 1 quart +0. 12 2

43 1.0 1 quart -0.28 5

43 0.05 1 quart +0. 66 2

44 1.0 1 quart -0. 34 3

44 0.05 1 quart +0. 65 2

Error as percent of nominal test draft- -minus (-)

figures indicate meter overregistration, plus ( + ) figures indicate

underregistration.

13
Appendix III Summary of No. 2 Oil Tests

Meter Average Number of

No. Flow Rate Volume Error Tests

(gal /hour) (percent)

12 2.3 1 pint 0. 00 7

12 1.0 1/2 pint +0. 04 4

13 2. 6 1 pint -0. 15 7

13 1.0 1/2 pint +0.05 7

14 2.0 1 pint +0.20 13

14 1. 3 1/2 pint +0. 08 7

14 0. 7 1/2 pint +0. 36 8

21 3.6 1 gallon +0. 12 2

21 1. 5 1 quart +0. 37 2

22 2. 1 1 gallon +0. 15 3

22 0. 7 1 quart +0. 11 2

32 1.0 1 quart +0. 10 3

33 1. 9 1 quart -0.37 3

34 2. 1/2 gallon -0. 47 3

41 1. 9 1/2 gallon -0. 36 3

41 1.0 1 quart -0. 16 3

42 1. 9 1/2 gallon -0. 18 3

42 1. 1 1 quart +0. 05 2

43 1. 9 1/2 gallon +0. 30 3

44 1.8 1/2 gallon +0. 18 3

14

Appendix IV

Summary of Intermittent Tests

Varsol

Meter Average Number of

No. Flow Rates Time Interval Volume Error Tests

(gal /hour) (min. ) (percent)

12 0. 75

0.05

1/2 pint +0. 57 5

32 . 1.0

0.05

1 quart -0.22 3

33 1.0

0.05

1/2 gal. -0. 42 3

43 1.0

0.05

1 quart -0. 31 4

44 1.0

0. 05

1 quart -0. 41 3

12 1. 4

14 1.4

21 1.2

22 1. 1

32 1.0

33 1.0

43 1.

1

44 1.

1

No. 2 Oil

2

12

1 quart

1 pint

-0. 10

+0. 18

1 quart -0. 11

1 quart -0. 03

1 quart +0. 23

1 quart -0.06

2 1 quart -0. 06

1 quart -0. 09

6

8

3

2

6

3

5

5

15
THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

ions and Activities

The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act of Congress,

March 3, 1901, as amended by Congress in Public Law 619, 1950. These include the development and maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means

and methods for making measurements consistent with these standards; the determination of

physical constants and properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments

for testing materials, devices, and structures; advisory services to government agencies on

scientific and technical problems; invention and development of devices to serve special needs

of the Government; and the development of standard practices, codes, and specifications. The

work includes basic and applied research, development, engineering, instrumentation, testing,

evaluation, calibration services, and various consultation and information services. Research

projects are also performed for other government agencies when the work relates to and supplements the basic program of the Bureau or when the Bureau's unique competence is required.

The scope of activities is suggested by the listing of divisions and sections on the inside of

the back cover.

Publications

The results of the Bureau's research are published either in the Bureau's own series of

publications or in the journals of professional and scientific societies. The Bureau publishes

three periodicals available from the Government Printing Office: The Journal of Research,

published in four separate sections, presents complete scientific and technical papers; the Technical News Bulletin presents summary and preliminary reports on work in progress; and the

Central Radio Propagation Laboratory Ionospheric Predictions provides data for determining

the best frequencies to use for radio communications throughout the world. There are also

five scries of nonperiodical publications: Monographs, Applied Mathematics Series, Handbooks,

Miscellaneous Publications, and Technical Notes.

A complete listing of the Bureau's publications can be found in National Bureau of Standards Circular 460, Publications of the National Bureau of Standards, 1901 to June 1947 ($1.25),

and t lie Supplement to National Bureau of Standards Circular 460, July 1947 to June 1957

(SI. 50), and Miscellaneous Publication 240, July 1957 to June 1960 (includes Titles of Papers

Published in Outside Journals 1950 to 1959) ($2.25); available from the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C.
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Luther H. Hodges, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

A."V. Astin, Director THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The scope of activities of the National Bureau of Standards at its major laboratories in Washington, D.C.and

Boulder, Colorado, is suggested in the following listing of the divisions and sections engaged in technical work.

In general, each section carries out specialized research, development, and engineeringin the field indicated by

its title. A brief description of the activities, and of the resultant publications, appears on the inside of the

front cover. WASHINGTON, D. C.

Electricity. Resistance and Reactance. Electrochemistry. Electrical Instruments. Magnetic Measurements.

Dielectrics. High Voltage. Absolute Electrical Measurements.

Metrology. Photometry and Colorimetry. Refractometry. Photographic Research. Length. Engineering Metrology. Mass and Volume.

Heat. Temperature Physics. Heat Measurements. Cryogenic Physics. Equation of State. Statistical Physics. Radiation Physics. X-ray. Radioactivity. Radiation Theory. High Energy Radiation. Radiological Equipment.

Nucleonic Instrumentation. Neutron Physics.

Analytical and Inorganic Chemistry. Pure Substances. Spectrochemistry. Solution Chemistry. Standard Refer- ence Materials. Applied Analytical Research. Crystal Chemistry.

Mechanics. Sound. Pressure and Vacuum. Fluid Mechanics. Engineering Mechanics. Rheology. Combustion

Controls. Polymers. Macromolecules: Synthesis and Structure. Polymer Chemistry. Polymer Physics. Polymer Characterization. Polymer Evaluation and Testing. Applied Polymer Standards and Research. Dental Research.

Metallurgy. Engineering Metallurgy. Metal Reactions. Metal Physics. Electrolysis and Metal Deposition.

Inorganic Solids. Engineering Ceramics. Glass. Solid State Chemistry. Crystal Growth. Physical Properties.

Crystallography.

Building Research. Structural Engineering. Fire Research. Mechanical Systems. Organic Building Materials. Codes and Safety Standards. Heat Transfer. Inorganic Building Materials. Metallic Building Materials. Applied Mathematics. Numerical Analysis. Computation. Statistical Engineering. Mathematical Physics. Operations Research. Data Processing Systems. Components and Techniques. Computer Technology. Measurements Automation. Engineering Applications. Systems Analysis.

Atomic Physics. Spectroscopy. Infrared Spectroscopy. Far Ultraviolet Physics. Solid State Physics. Electron Physics. Atomic Physics. Plasma Spectroscopy.

Instrumentation. Engineering Electronics. Electron Devices. Electronic Instrumentation. Mechanical Instru- ments. Basic Instrumentation. Physical Chemistry. Thermochemistry. Surface Chemistry. Organic Chemistry. Molecular Spectroscopy. Ele- mentary Processes. Mass Spectrometry. Photochemistry and Radiation Chemistry.

Office of Weights and Measures. BOULDEK, COLO.

CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING LABORATORY

Cryogenic Processes. Cryogenic Properties of Solids. Cryogenic Technical Services. Properties of Cryogenic

Fluids. CENTRAL RADIO PROPAGATION LABORATORY

Ionosphere Research and Propagation. Low Frequency and Very Low Frequency Research. Ionosphere Research. Prediction Services. Sun- Earth Relationships. Field Engineering. Radio Warning Services. Vertical Soundings Research. Troposphere and Space Telecommunications. Data Reduction Instrumentation. Radio Noise. Tropospheric Measurements. Tropospheric Analysis. Spectrum Utilization Research. Radio-Meteorology. Lower Atmosphere

Physics.

Radio Systems. Applied Electromagnetic Theory. High Frequency and Very High Frequency Research. Fre- quency Utilization. Modulation Research. Antenna Research. Radiodetermination. Upper Atmosphere and Space Physics. Upper Atmosphere and Plasma Physics. High Latitude Ionosphere

Physics. Ionosphere and Exosphere Scatter. Airglow and Aurora. Ionospheric Radio Astronomy.

RADIO STANDARDS LABORATORY

Radio Standards Physics. Frequency and Time Disseminations. Radio and Microwave Materials. Atomic Fre- quency and Time-Interval Standards. Radio Plasma. Microwave Physics.

Radio Standards Engineering. High Frequency Electrical Standards. High Frequency Calibration Services. High

Frequency Impedance Standards. Microwave Calibration Services. Microwave Circuit Standards. Low Frequency

Calibration Services.

Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics -NBS Group (Univ. of Colo.).
Appendix V

Summary of Low Temperature Tests --

Varsol Fluid

Meter Fluid Average Number of

No. Flow Rate Temperature Volume Error Tests

(gal /hour) (percent)

12 2.0 5°F 1 pint +0.50 4

1.0 4°F 1 quart +0.06 3

0.05 0°F 1 pint +3. 62 2

21 6.0 30°F 1 quart +0.48 3

2.0 30°F 1 quart +0.46 3

0.5 20°F 1 pint +0.50 6

34 2.0 27°F 1 quart +0.94 5

1.0 15°F 1 quart +9.73 3

43 2.0 7°F 1 quart +0.76 2

1.0 10°F 1 quart -0.01 4

0.05 7°F 1 quart -0.01 2

16

<r U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1963 O - 698-028
NBS