For reasons of economy, this document is pr inted in a limited number. Delegates are kindly asked to bring their copies to mee tings and not to request additional copies.

I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc

INTERNATIONAL MARITIME ORGANIZATION

IMO 

# E

MARINE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION
COMMITTEE 60th session Agenda item 2 MEPC 60/2/5 24 August 2009 Original: ENGLISH

HARMFUL AQUATIC ORGANI SMS IN BALLAST WATER

Application for Basic Approval of Blue Ocean Guardian (BOG) Ballast Water Management System

Submitted by the Republic of Korea

SUMMARY

Executive summary: This document contains the non-conf idential information related to the application for Basic Approval of Blue Ocean Guardian (BOG) Ballast Water Management System, developed by the 21st Century Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., under the ìPro cedure for approval of ballast water management systems that make use of Active Substances (G9)î, adopted by resolution MEPC.169(57), and in accordance with the Methodology for information gather ing and the conduct of work of the GESAMP-BWWG. The system consists of particle removal module followed by charged plasma and medium-pressure ultraviolet
modules.

Strategic direction: 7.1

High-level action: 7.1.2

Planned output: 7.1.2.4

Action to be taken: Paragraph 6

Related documents: BWM/CONF/36; MEPC 53/24; MEPC 58/23; MEPC 59/2/13 and
BWM.2/Circ.18

Introduction

1 Regulation D-3.2 of the Inte rnational Convention for the Control and Management of Shipsí Ballast Water and Sediments stipulates th at ballast water management systems that make use of Active Substances to comply with the Convention shall be appr oved by the Organization.MEPC 60/2/5 - 2 -

I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc 2 The ìProcedure for approval of ballast wate r management systems that make use of Active Substances (G9)î, adopted by resolution MEPC.169(57), defines the principal aspects to be documented by data or testing (MEPC 57/ 21, annex 1, paragraph 4.2.1) and provisions for risk characterization and analysis (MEPC 57/21, a nnex 1, section 5). According to section 6 of Procedure (G9), the Organization should evaluate the informati on provided in the application.

3 According to BWM.2/Circ.18, proposals for approva l of ballast water management systems
that make use of Active Substances are to be s ubmitted to the Marine Environment Division of the Organization to be reviewed by the GESAMP-Ba llast Water Working Group. In the meantime, a document on the proposal for approval containi ng all the non-confidential data related to the respective ballast water management systems that make use of Active Substance needs to be
submitted to MEPC 60.

4 The competent authority in the Republic of Korea has verified th e application dossier prepared by the 21st Century Shipbuilding C o., Ltd. and believes it to satisfy the data requirements of Procedure (G9).

5 The Republic of Korea therefore submits the no n-confidential part of the applicantís dossier in the annex of this document to the Organization for evaluation according to Procedure (G9). The complete dossier will be made available to the experts of the GESAMP-BWWG with the understanding of conf idential treatment.

Action requested of the Committee

6 The Committee is invited to consider the pr oposal for approval and decide as appropriate.

***MEPC 60/2/5

I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc ANNEX

NON-CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION OF THE BLUE OCEAN GUARDIAN (BOG)
BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION

2 DESCRIPTION OF THE ìBOGî BWMS

2.1 The process of the ìBOGî BWMS 2.2 The component of ìBOGî BWMS 2.3 Laboratory-scale facility

3 IDENTIFICATIONS OF PREPARATIO N, ACTIVE SUBSTANCES, RELEVANT AND OTHER CHEMICALS (G9: 4.1)

3.1 Active Substance
3.2 Relevant Chemicals
3.3 Gas 3.4 Identification of Active Substance, Re levant Chemicals and other chemicals

4 DATA-SET FOR ACTIVE SUBSTANCES AND PREPARATIONS

4.1 Data-set on effects on aquatic plants , invertebrates and fish (G9: 4.2.1.1) 4.2 Mammalian toxicity (G9: 4.2.1.2)
4.3 Environmental fate and effect under aerobic and anaerobic conditions (G9:4.2.1.3) 4.4 Physical and chemical properties for the Ac tive Substances and Preparations and the treated ballast water (G9: 4.2.1.4)

5 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET

6 RISK CHARACTERIZATION

6.1 Screening for persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity
6.2 Evaluation of the treated ballast water 6.3 Risk characterization and analysis

7 RISK ASSESSMENT

7.1 Risk to safety of ship
7.2 Risk to human health 7.3 Risk to the aquatic environment 7.4 Human Exposure Scenario

8 ASSESSMENT REPORT

9 REFERENCESMEPC 60/2/5
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I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc 10 APPENDICES

Appendix 1 - System Description of ìBOGî BWMS Appendix 2 - QAPP and Test Report Appendix 3 - QAPP, COC Records and Test Results for Chemicals Appendix 4 - Request, Study Plan, COC record s and Test Results for Aquatic toxicityMEPC 60/2/5
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I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc List of Abbreviations

°C Degrees Celsius
AS Active Substance
BOG Blue Ocean Guardian BWM Ballast Water Management BWMS Ballast Water Management System
cm Centimetre DOC Dissolved organic Carbon EPA (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency g Gram g/h Gram per hour HAA Halogenated Acetic Acid HOBr Hypobromous acid HOCl Hypochlorous acid ISO International Standard Organization
Koc Partition coefficient
L Litre LEL Lower explosive level
LC50 Median lethal dose
LOAEL Lowest observed adverse effect level μm Micrometre m3/hr Cubic metres per hour MAMPEC Marine Antifouling Model to Predict Environmen t Concentration

MDL

mg Method Detect Limit Milligram MOS Margin of Safety
mV Millivolt

ND
NN Not Detected Not Necessary
NOAEL No Observable adverse effect level
NOEC No-effect Concentration NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Unit OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
ORP Oxidation Reduction Potential
PEC Predicted Environmental Concentration pH Measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
PNEC Predicted No-effect Concentration PLC Programmable logic control POC Particulate Organic Carbon
Pow Octanol-water Partition Coefficient
THM Trihalomethanes TOC Total Organic Carbon
TRO Total Residual Oxidant TSS Total Suspended Solids WHO World Health OrganizationMEPC 60/2/5
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I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc This report is structured according to the titles used in the ìProcedure for approval of ballast water management systems that make use of Active Substances (G9)î.

1 INTRODUCTION

The ìBOGî BWMS was designed by the 21st Cent ury Shipbuilding Co., Lt d. The applicant is proposing a combined system using a filtratio n module for mechanical separation, a plasma module, and a medium-pressure ultraviolet (MPUV) module. The ìBOGî BWMS operates during ballasting and de-ballasti ng. The ìBOGî BWMS ensures the inflow of organisms in the
ballast water tank to be reduced to a mi nimum by means of a filt ration module and does not allow the piling of sediments along with treat ment by plasma module and medium-pressure ultraviolet (MPUV) module. To avoid any possibl e re-growth of aquatic or ganisms in the ballast water tank, the water is retreat ed by MPUV during de-ballasting. With the ìBOGî BWMS, aquatic organisms can be disinfected or destr oyed without use of any chemical substances.

1.1 Principles of disinfection of the ìBOGî BWMS

1.1.1 Plasma technology

Plasma technology had been investigated as a m eans of preventing the invasion of organisms in
ballast water due to its rate of high efficiency, low cost, l ack of residue and many other advantages. Currently, this technology has been reported as being able to remove aquatic organisms in ballast water and it s reliability and practicality for ship-based use is highly evaluated (Adler, et al ., 1998; Marsili, et al ., 2002; Ohkawa, et al ., 2006).

Essentially, when high voltage in current is a pplied between two electrodes in the reactor, it creates an ionization field that produces a high -energy plasma arc, which causes an extremely rapid rise in pressure, temperat ure and density flow and generate d expansions. It is at that precise moment in which high-energy plasma produ ces an intensive pressure shockwave and the targeted organisms can be killed by causing physic al damage to the cellular matrix either by the sudden recoil of cell tissue or by micro-eddies created on the internal cell structure (Gamal, et al

., 2008; Akan, et al ., 2006). In addition, the discharge in a two-phase medium allows generation of not just a shockwave, but also a number of hydr oxyl radicals, UV-radiation and electrical fields, which helps to sterilize aquatic organisms. Some of the micro-organisms that have been tested by many researchers on plasma are shown in table 1.

Table 1: Various types of micro-organis ms that have been tested by plasma

Classification of organisms Micro-organisms tested by plasma

Phytoplankton Chaetoceros, Peridinium

Zooplankton Euplotes, Artemia, Polychaeta

Bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger

Mollusca Quagga mussel, Zebra musselMEPC 60/2/5
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I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc Concerning the effectiveness of plasma, the voltage range is one of the most important relevant parameters for ballast water treatment applicatio n of plasma technology. As described in table 2 for the voltage ranges, it can be separated in to high, low and extra- low voltage during its operation. In the case of high vo ltage, the loss of power transmi ssion is less, but it has higher energy consumption. Although low voltage has low energy consumption, it will not be able to achieve an adequate sterilizing effect when us ing such a low voltage range. Therefore, with efficient components of such a power supply an d capacitor, energy consum ption can be reduced and can optimize the sterilizati on effect simultaneously when us ing high voltage. Consequently, high voltage appears to be a better choice for application in ballast water treatment.

Table 2: Voltage Ranges defined by Int ernational Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)

IEC voltage range AC DC Defining risk High Voltage >1000 V
rms > 1500 V Electrical Arcing Low Voltage 50~1000 V
rms 120~1500V Electrical Shock Extra-Low Voltage <50 V
rms <120V Low Risk

The sterilizing effect by plasma on various orga nisms can also be varied, depending on which working gas is applied to generate a plasma source. A recent study indicated that a high mortality rate was achieved when using plasma w ith air as a working gas rather than any other gases, such as hydrogen, nitroge n, oxygen and argon. This is becau se plasma generated in gases is known to produce active specie s, such as ozone, atomic oxyge n, nitric oxide and superoxide
radicals as well as other free radicals. These are examples of highly reactive species that can overcome natural defence mechanisms, resulting in damage to DNA as well as causing protein, lipid and membrane damage on various aquatic organisms (Montie, et al ., 2000). The reduction on different working gases to the system is shown in figure 1.

Figure 1: Reduction kinetics for three differe nt working gases (Feichtinger, et al ., 2003)MEPC 60/2/5
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I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc Until recently, plasma technology for ballast water tr eatment application has been reported to be very reliable and is regarded as practical based on much related research and theoretical study. Compared to state-of-the-art sterilization meth ods, the plasma process leads to a non-thermal process on the sterilized a quatic organisms and no dangerous effects occur nor do toxic chemicals have to be used. A further advantag e is the resulting short period time of only a few seconds to reach a spore reduction using this te chnology. For safety concerns, the incidence of an accidental human electrocution by electrodes is minimal since plasma would affect organisms only while they were located between the electrod es in the reactor. Grounding and isolation were also set up to avoid in case of any leakage current to the exteri or or electrical shocks by the voltage. Not only that, since safety codes and standards would have to be followed for any installation or maintenance for pl asma, the occurrence rate of acci dents would be comparable to any other industrial f acilities (Smythe, et al ., 1999).

Currently, plasma technology has been utilized in Vergennes Panton Water Dist rict in Vermont, the Georgia-Pacific Corpor ation, the Village of Rouses Point in New York an d Lagoon City in Ontario. It is present in many adva nced countries such as Canada and th e United States and is utilized for disinfecting many aquatic organi sms in various food in dustries and in water treatment for human consumption. Therefore, plasma disinfection has already proved to be a promis ing method for killing non-indigenous aquatic orga nisms and to be both an economically feasible as well as an eco-friendly
method used in ballast water management sy stems (Miller, et al ., 2000; Mackie, et al ., 2000).

The plasma module, applied to the ìBOGî BWMS, was specially designed based on its capacity
of ballast water treatment to minimize its size and optimize its performance. The development began with a literature survey followed by modification of the performance of the main components of plasma modules, plasma electr odes, power supply, capacitor and air delivery element. In case any further modifications are necessary, the components will be modified again in order to optimize their overall performance.

1.1.2 UV technology

The ultraviolet (UV) sterilization of organisms has been proven to be suitable for disinfecting
bacteria and viruses without usi ng any additional chemical substan ces. Since UV wo rks to achieve sterilization by exposing the target ed organisms to ultraviolet ray energy waves, there would be neither a formation of residual toxic substances, nor that of harmful substances. Hence, a risk to
the environment or human health on vessels is lim ited and is substantially contained when using this technology. As a proven technology, UV applic ation also does not seem to have any known environmental concerns compared to ot her disinfection met hods (chlorine (Cl 2 ), chloramines, chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) and ozone (O 3 ), etc.). Another advantage, the equipment requires only a small floor space and can be installe d at any angle, which is beneficial to onboard installations within confined spaces (USEPA, IUVA). Meanwhile, as the countermeasur e controls the red tide which is found in fresh water lakes, wh en evaluating the results from a la ke in Japan, UV disinfection was found to be superior in all asp ects, especially in economical e fficiency and ease of application.

Ultraviolet (UV) light is the electromagnetic spectrum with a wavelength shorter than that of visible light, but longer than x- rays in the range of 100 nm to 400 nm. UV radiation can be divided into three sub-groups depending on the wavelength: UV-A (315-400 nm: which can be found in the textile industry, arch aeology, geological base rock sear ches, criminal investigations, discernment of counterfeit notes and special il lumination), UV-B (280-315 nm: which is found in suntans, photochemistry control, skin disease care, meteorological test equipment and medical treatments) and UV-C (200-280 nm: which can be found in various methods of disinfection of water and air deodorization).MEPC 60/2/5
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I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc UV-C and UV-B are present in the disinfection wa velength and have the shortest wavelengths (200-300 nm). The ozone, DNA and protein abso rb wavelengths well. UV-C is generally considered to be the most effective deterrent ag ainst bacteria and viruses from a close distance of 260 nm. UV-C has become known as the germ icidal spectrum at the wavelength which has the highest sterilizing power, which is at a 264 nm wavelength (SWRCB, 2002). The electromagnetic spectrum is br iefly depicted in figure 2.

Figure 2: Electromagnetic spectrum

UV lamps are usually divided in to two types. Low pressure (LP) mercury arc lamps emit monochromatic UV light at a UV-C range and th e higher intensity medium pressure (MP) mercury arc lamps emit UV polychromatic light at all UV wavelengths, but are concentrated at selected peaks within the germicidal wavele ngth region. The characteristics of LP and MPUV lamps are shown in table 3.

Table 3: Characteristics of LP and MPUV lamps (EPRI, 1999)

Characteristic Low pressure Medium pressure

Wavelength Monochromatic, 85-90%

at 254 nm Polychromatic, 185-1,400 nm

Operating temperature 40-60°C 500-800°C Electrical input 2 W/cm 50-250 W/cm Germicidal UV output 0.7 W/cm 5-30 W/cm Arc length 40-75 cm 5-40 cm

Lifetime 8,000-10,000 h 2,000-5,000 h

Emission Continuous-wave Continuous-wave Mercury vapour Pressure 10-3-10-2 torr 102-104 torr Relative number of lamps High Low

Relative light intensity Low MediumMEPC 60/2/5
ANNEX Page 8

I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc Concerning electrical effectivene ss, LP technology appears to be the better choice. However, for application to ballast water treatment other para meters are also relevant. These are summarized
in table 4.

Table 4: Relevant parameters for ballast wat er treatment application of UV technologies

Technology Low pressure Medium pressure
Parameters Rating Reason Rating Reason

Footprint Poor High number of lamps Good Low number of lamps

Pressure loss Poor High number of lamps Good Low number of lamps

Efficiency (Germicidal) Moderate Monochromatic action spectrum, 254 nm Good Polychromatic action spectrum. Each micro-organism

has a unique action spectrum. Damage to other molecules than DNA,

e.g., enzymes

Reliability Good Low operating temperature. High lamp life. Moderate High operating temperature. Average lamp life.

Power consumption Low High UVC output at
254 nm Moderate High UVC output in the range of 200-300 nm

As a result of the comp arisons in tables 3 and 4, it is c oncluded that MP technology has higher degree of vacuum, more mercury, and higher UV intensity than LP technology. MP technology can be used in ballast water, in clude a wide range of micro-organi sms, treatment as it emits wide spectrum of UV light. Therefore, MP technology is most efficacious for ballast water application.

UV is the technological option for waste, a quaculture, drinking a nd water processing. UV sterilizes micro-organisms by inducing the photochemical changing of biological components and by breaking chemical bonds in th e DNA and RNA molecules and proteins in the cell. Combining this method with mechanical se paration such as filtration or hydrocyclone is necessary due to interferen ce with turbidity and sediment in ball ast water. But its application for the treatment of ballast water seems promising.

The results of Gloster-Herbert (2002) show the general requirements for UV devices. The UV treatment system (90% transmittance) reduces ba cteria and the MS-2 co liphage virus by 90% and phytoplankton potential growth by >50%. Some phytoplankton with the cap ability to re-grow may survive. Putting the phytoplankton in da rk tanks increases the mortality rates.

The amount of damage caused by UV radiation is related to the intensity and amount of exposure in which organisms are exposed to a germicidal wavelength range. The reduc tion rate of bacteria
and viruses irradiated with a dose of 20 mW/cm 2 /sec obviously presents th e inactivation rate of the organic matter ( Bacillus antracis, Clostridium tetan, Co rynebacterium diphtheria, Poliovirus, Shigella dysenteriae , etc.) where 99.7%ñ99.9% is almost near 100% (SWRCB, 2002).MEPC 60/2/5
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I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc The UV dose of 60 mWs/cm 2 is effective for the removal of bacteria, most viruses and many protists. A dose of 120 mWs/cm 2 is effective for almost all micro-organisms except highly resistant cysts and viruses. In laboratory tests, it has been demonstrated, that UV irradiation can be effective for the inactivation of the dinoflagellate amphidinium sp. and vegetative cells of gymnodinium catenatum (Rigby & Taylor, 2001).

The MPUV module, applied to the ìBOGî BWMS , was specially designed to achieve optimal performance even with minimal space based on th e processing capability of the ballast water. The development began with a literature survey followed by testing and verifying the treatment efficiency dependent on the exposure time of UV dosage of the MPUV module. Consequently,
all of these considerations were taken into account to prevent any re-growth of aquatic organisms when designing the MPUV module.

2 DESCRIPTIONS OF LABO RATORY-SCALE TEST SYSTEMS

2.1 The process of ìBOGî BWMS

Figure 3: Schematic process diagram of the ìBOGî BWMS

Ballast water is treated during ballasting by a f iltration module, a plasma module, and a MPUV module. During ballasting, the f iltration module removes aquatic organisms and particles larger
than 50 μ m and back-flushing water, which include s organisms and particles retained by automatic back-flushing devices, is returned over board. After filtration, aquatic organisms are disinfected by discharge plasma with supplied air, and th en residual micro-organisms and
bacteria are disinfected by a MPUV sequentially. During de-ballasting, th e filtration module and the plasma module are bypassed. The MPUV then disinfects and de-ballasts the water again. The schematic process diagram of the ìBOGî BW MS is briefly depicted in figure 3 and a detailed description is prepared in appendix 1.MEPC 60/2/5
ANNEX Page 10

I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc Figure 4: Schematic of the test facility for control and ballast mode

Figure 5: Schematic of the test facil ity for the de-ballasting mode

The schematic of the test facility for control an d ballast mode and de-ballasting mode is briefly depicted in figures 4 and 5.

2.2 Components of the ìBOGî BWMS

The ìBOGî BWMS is a superior system that can perfectly treat organic matters in ballast water causing no harm to humans or its surroundings. The ìBOGî BWMS is composed of: 1) a filtration module, (2) a pl asma module that can destroy aquatic organisms by intensive shockwaves, (3) a MPUV module which cause di sinfective effects for the destruction of micro-organisms and (4) a system control module with auxiliary functions that can manage the entire system.MEPC 60/2/5
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I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc The system is composed of four main modules:

.1 filtration module;

.2 plasma module;

.3 MPUV module; and

.4 system control module with auxiliary functions.

A detailed description is prepared in appendix 1.

2.2.1 Filtration module

The filtration module is composed of a 50 μ m filter element with an automatic back-flushing
function. The filtration module re moves larger particles and organisms from the water. The filtration module is fully automatic in terms of its operation and cleaning capabilities without interrupting the filtration process, and back-flushi ng water which is returned overboard. The main
mechanism of this filtration is that by increasing the treatment capacity based on its fluid dynamics, the designed components can maximize the back-flushi ng process. In addition, it is a system that automatically discharges those impurities by air-pr essure after the filtration process. The most distinguished feature of this module is the double filtration process, which is highly accurate and reliable for filtering micro-organisms. Th e filtration module operates only during ballasting.

2.2.2 Plasma module

This module is composed of the following elements:

.1 plasma electrode; .2 power supply; .3 capacitor; and .4 air delivery element.

The plasma module is known as the module that can generate plasma underwater by using a high-voltage generator during its encounter with the ballast water in the vessel. Then, the high-energy plasma arc produces a pressure shockwave by dramatic differential-pressure, which destroys targeted micro-organisms such as zooplankton and phytoplankton by causing physical damage to their cell membranes underwater. Th e treatment by this plas ma module generates a
shockwave and air bubbles to in crease the mortality on micro-or ganisms. The plasma module operates only during ballasting.

2.2.3 MPUV module

This module is composed of the following elements:

.1 UV lamp; .2 quartz sleeve; .3 electronic ballast; .4 UV sensor and temperature sensor; .5 UV chamber; and .6 auto cleaning wiper.MEPC 60/2/5
ANNEX Page 12

I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc The MPUV module was specially desi gned to deactivate or disinfect any bacteria, virus, plankton or germs within a short period of time, but also for safe seawater discharge and supplies on the vessel. For this purpose, a number of lamps ha d been equipped in the chamber and designed to control the lamp power automatically, along with an auto-flushing function and the detection of any malfunctions. Then, all of the informati on would be displayed on the monitor for normal function. The MPUV module operates dur ing ballasting a nd de-ballasting.

2.2.4 System control module

The system control module controls the ìBOGî BWMS and supplies power to all items. The system control module consists of a power suppl y and auto-controller as one module, and the system control can be easily manipulated by using the interface ba sed on the graphics.

2.3 Laboratory-scale test facility

The laboratory-scale test facility is established in the city of Tong-Yeong which is located in the southern part of Gyung-nam province, the Republic of Korea, in accordance with IMO requirements, and is used for the toxi city testing and chemical analysis. The laboratory-scale test facility is shown in figure 6.

Figure 6: Laboratory-scale test facility at th e 21st Century Shipbuilding Co., Ltd., Tong-Yeong, Korea.

Currently at this f acility, there is a test water tank (30 m 3 ), a treat water tank (30 m 3 ), a control water tank (3 m 3 ) and ballast pump (125 m 3 /h) for the transportation of test water and treated water. The ballast water treatment process of the ìBOGî BWMS consists of the steps shown in figure 7.MEPC 60/2/5
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I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc

Figure 7: Schematic process diagram of the laborator y-scale test facility of the ìBOGî BWMS and sampling port installed in a pipe.

All tanks have drain valves at the bottom of the tank. Water contained in the tank may be drained. The laboratory-scale test facility has five sampling points in the pipes. The sampling port is located in the centre of th e pipe and is in the same directi on of the water flow, in order to receive representative sample s from the sample points.

2.3.1 Operation

Flow rate 2.08 ± 0.2 m 3 /min

Treatments Two treatments, during ballasting (Plasm a + UV) and during de-ballasting (UV)

Power consumption Less than 1 kW for the Filtration m odule, 20 ± 1 kW for MPUV module and less than 10 kW for the pl asma module, respectively

Treated volume More than 20 m 3
Salinity 34 psu (Seawater), 20 psu (Blackish water)

For test operations, UV transmittance of water was in a range of approximately 85%. In this operation, the UV dose was in a range of about 300 mJ/cm 2

.

2.3.2 Sampling and Measurement

The laboratory-scale test facility has five sampling valves in the ìBOGî system. The sampling locations (valves) are showed in figure 7. Ev ery sample was taken after water homogenation by an air blower, which was located in the bottom of the tanks. All samples for chemical analyses and performance analyses were collected from S1 to S5 (table 5). S1 is the sampling site of the storage tank for raw seawater containing organisms, heterotrophi c bacteria and some organic matter after pre-filtration. S2 and S3 are sampli ng sites of storage tanks for treated and controlMEPC 60/2/5
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I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc water on day 0 and day 1 after ballasting, respectiv ely. S4 represents de -ballasting of control water and of treated water after five days at the discharge stage, respectively. S5 represents the gas sampling point immediately after tr eatment of ballast water on day 0.

Table 5: Sample information and sa mple tag for efficacy testing and chemical analysis of ìBOGî BWMS

Salinity

(psu) Elapsed time (day) Test water Control water Treated water Remarks

0 * 21C-S34S 1 D 0 21C-S32S 2 D 0 21C-S32S 3 D 0 21C-S34S 5 D 0 (gas sample)
1 - 21C-S32S 2 D 1 21C-S32S 3 D 1 32

5 - 21C-S32S 2 D 5 21C-S32S 4 D 5 21C-S34S 3 D 5 (before de-ballast)

0 21C-S20S 1 D 0 21C-S20S 2 D 0 21C-S20S 3 D 0 21C-S20S 5 D 0 (gas sample)
1 21C-S20S 2 D 1 21C-S20S 3 D 1 20

5 21C-S20S 2 D 5 21C-S20S 4 D 5 21C-S20S 3 D 5 (before de-ballast)

* 21C: 21st Century Shipbuilding Co., Ltd.; S32, salinity 32 psu; S 1 : sampling point 1; D 0 : day 0.

Table 6: Sample information for efficacy testing of ìBOGî BWMS

Sample for Sampling location Volume of Sample Remark 2

Test water 1 S1 5 L/20 L/1 L/ 1 L/1 L/1 L Treated water during ballasting on day 0 S2 5 L/0.1 m 3 /10 L/ 1 L/1 L/1 L Control water after ballasting on day 0 S3 5 L/20 L/1 L/ 1 L/1 L/1 L Gas sampling S5 10 L Treated water during de-ballasting on day 5 S4 5 L/0.1 m 3 /10 L/ 1 L/1 L/1 L Control water during de-ballasting on day 5 5 L/20 L/1 L/ 1 L/1 L/1 L Basic water parameter (DO, ORP, pH Salinity, Temperature, Turbidity) Viable organisms ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm) Bacteria (Heterotrophic, Escherichia coli

, Intestinal Enterococci

, toxicogenic Vibrio cholerae )

1 Test waters including organism ( ≥ 50 μm, ≥ 10-50 μm), starch, and glucose to correspond with Guidelines (G8).

2 Basic parameters indicate DO, ORP, pH, salinity, turbidity and water temperature.

2.3.3 Basic parameters of test water

Table 7: Basic parameters of te st water for > 32 psu and 3-32 psu

Salinity *DOC (mg/L) POC (mg/L) TSS (mg/L) Temp. (°C) pH DO (mg/L) ORP (mV) Turbidity (NTU) 32 psu 4.65 1.35 38.8 21.33 8.05 7.62 605 9.39 20 psu 7.31 13.30 78.5 21.74 8.18 8.16 602 17.45

* DOC (dissolved organic carbon) is estimated from TOC (total organic carbon).MEPC 60/2/5
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I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc Table 8: Concentration of organisms and types of organisms in the test water

Viable organism Salinity ≥ 50 μ m (inds./m 3 ) ≥ 10-50 μ m (inds/mL) Heterotrophic bacteria (cells/mL) 32 psu 312,750 6 div. 12 spp. 4,144 4 phy. 20 spp. 42,000 20 psu 133,750 5 div. 11 spp. 1,392 3 phy. 14 spp. 22,500

Table 9: Efficacy test result

Operation mode Day 0 (Ballasting) Day 5 (de-ballasting) Analyte Test water Control water Treated water Salinity 32 psu 20 psu 32 psu 20 psu 32 psu 20 psu Remark

Organism ≥ 10- 50 μ m (ind/mL) 4,144 1,392 466 171 1 1 PASS

Organism ≥ 50 μ m (ind/m 3 ) 312,750 133,750 68,000 11,000 0 10 PASS Heterotrophic Bacteria (cells/mL) 42,000 22,500 PASS

Escherichia coli (cfu/100 mL) 58 TNTC* 4 0 0 0 PASS

Intestinal Enterococci (cfu/100 mL) 0 10 0 0 0 0 PASS

Vibrio cholerae (cfu/100 mL) 0 0 0 0 0 0 PASS

* TNTC, too numerous to count.

3 IDENTIFICATION OF PREPARATION, ACTIVE SUBSTANCES, RELEVANT AND OTHER CHEMICALS (G9: 4.1)

3.1 Active Substance

The ìBOGî BWMS consists of filtration, plasma and MPUV modules. In the case of the filtration module, the removal of a quatic organisms will be achieved only by means of a mechanical method. Therefore, this will not produce any Active Substa nce, Relevant Chemicals and other chemicals.

With the use of plasma, as pulses are applied to the medium, ionization of the injected air bubbles takes place. This then leads to a partial disc harge and to partial discharge activity in the air bubbles, resulting in the formation of the ac tive mechanisms and species given below:

ñ UV light is transmitted into the liquid; ñ Free electrons and ions are produced; and ñ Ozone and atomic oxygen are produced (if oxyge n is present in the na tural state of air).

During the discharge process, th e occurrence of partial breakdow n may also produce complete breakdown of the liquid once plasma has been form ed. This may also lead to some of the following active species and eff ects being produced as below:MEPC 60/2/5
ANNEX Page 16

I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc ñ Free radicals (superoxide, hydroxyl, singlet oxygen radical); ñ Shockwave production; and ñ Localized plasma-thermal effects.

As described above, the main mechanism of di sinfection by a plasma module is an intensive pressure shockwave, which is produced by the high-energy plasma. Due to the formation of ozone and other species by the plasma process, we defined the Active Substances, Relevant
Chemicals and other chemicals in the followi ng table. Although, theoretically, such Active Substances can be formed, the test resu lts indicated no Active Substance was found. Subsequently, there is no concer n related to the handling, stor age and neutrali zation of these
Active Substances.

In the case of UV irradiati on, it is known to produce OH · radicals under dissolved organic matter
and/or nitrate in water. OH · radicals produced by UV irradiation affect aquatic micro-organisms and pathogens directly and indirectly. Therefor e, photons can be regarded as a disinfectant and
can be defined as an Active Substance as well.

Table 10: Active Substances of the ìBOGî BWMS

Concentration at Compound CAS number MDL 32 psu 20 psu Superoxide (O 2 - ) NN NN NN NN Single oxygen radical (O h ) NN NN NN NN
Hydroxyl radical (OH h ) 3352-57-6 NN NN NN Electron ( e - ) NN NN NN NN Ozone (O 3 ) 10028-15-6 0.02 mg/L ND ND

NN ñ not necessary; ND ñ not detected.

3.2 Relevant Chemicals

To identify chemical products of concern to the environment from the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with dissolved organic matters and/ or nitrate, chlorinated organic compounds as mentioned above in section 3.4.2, including tr ihalomethane (THM), haloacetonitrile (HAN), haloaceticacid (HAA), chlorinated phenol, brominat ed phenol, some gases, absorbable organic halogens (AOX) and extractabl e organic halogens (EOX), were analysed in seawater and brackish water tests (tables 12 and 13). With the use of plasma, Active Substances such as ozone and chlorine dioxide can be produced as a gas st ate. Among the Relevant Chemicals which were formed by the Active Substances, we defined 1,1- dichloroethene as a Re levant Chemical as
stated in table 12.

Among these chlorinated organic compounds whic h were analysed, 1,1-dichloroethene was detected in treated water immediately after the treatment of the ìBOGî BWMS. But the concentration of 1,1-dichloroethene decreased with an elapsed time during a period of five days. Three separate tests were conduct ed over this period. The con centration of 1,1-dichloroethene
was 0.34 μ g/L on day 0, 0.29 μ g/L on day 1 and 0.03 μ g/L on day 5, respectively. However, concentration of the 1,1-dichloroethene in de-balla sted water was found to be within the standard range (see report in appendix 3). In contrast, this compound was not detected in the 20 psu test.MEPC 60/2/5
ANNEX Page 17

I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc 3.3 Gas

Treated water collected immediately after pl asma and MPUV was processed for hydrogen (H 2 ), ozone (O 3 ) and chlorine (Cl 2 ) analysis. All analyses of chem ical compound carried by accredited laboratory, KTR. The standard analysis method is listed below in table 11 and appendix 3.

Table 11: Gaseous constitu ent in the ìBOGî BWMS

Analysed at Gas MDL 32 psu 20 psu Hydrogen (%) 0.05 0.09 0.06 Ozone ( μ L/L) 0.2 50.0 18.0 Chlorine ( μ L/L) 0.2 70.0 120

3.4 Identification of Active Substance, Relevant Chemicals and other chemicals

3.4.1 Active Substances

The analysis results are shown in tables 12 and 13. For details, please refer to appendix 3. As shown in the results, no Active Substance was de tected in the ìBOGî BWMS operating process.

3.4.2 Relevant Chemicals

To identify chemical products of concern to the environment from the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with dissolved organic matters and/ or nitrate, chlorinated organic compound, as mentioned above section 3.1, trihalomethane (T HM), haloacetonitrile (HAN), haloaceticacid (HAA), chlorinated phenol, brominated phenol, some gases, adsorbable organic halogens (AOX) and others were analysed in seawater and brackis h water test (tables 12 a nd 13). Analysis results show that the ìBOGî BWMS does not produced any Relevant Chemicals. The detailed information are given in appendix 3.

Table 12: Active Substances, Relevant Chemic als and other chemicals in 32 psu test

Sampling time 0 day (2009.07.23) 1 day (2009.07.24) 5 day (2009.07.28)

Sampling point/tank Test

water Control Treated Control Treated Control Before
deballast After
deballast

Sample tag 21CS34S 1

D 0 21CS34S 2

D 0 21CS34S 3

D 0 21CS34S 2

D 1 21CS34S 3

D 1 21CS34S 2

D 5 21CS34S 3

D 5 21CS34S 4

D 5 KTR receipt No. TBU106 TBU107 TBU108 TBU110 TBU111 TBU112 TBU113 TBU114 Compounds MDL
A ctive substance (mg/L)
TRO 0.20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
FRO 0.05 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Ozone(O 3 ) 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
ClO 2 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Sulfide(S-2) 0.20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Bromate(BrO 3 -) ( μ g/L) 0.13 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Bromide(Br-) 0.01 53.1 52.7 50.6 52.3 50.7 49.6 49.8 50.5MEPC 60/2/5
ANNEX Page 18

I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc Sampling time 0 day (2009.07.23) 1 day (2009.07.24) 5 day (2009.07.28)

Sampling point/tank Test

water Control Treated Control Treated Control Before
deballast After
deballast Chlorinated organic compounds (μg/L) 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,1-Dichloroethane 0.01 ND ND 0.34 ND 0.17 ND 0.11 ND 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 0.01 0.19 0.18 ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene 0.01 1.47 1.44 0.45 0.33 0.25 0.19 ND ND 1,2,3-Trichloropropane 0.01 0.25 0.26 ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 0.01 1.06 1.01 0.38 0.29 0.23 ND ND ND 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,1-Dichloroethene 0.02 ND ND 0.34 ND 0.29 ND ND 0.03 1,2-Dichloropropane 0.02 0.03 0.03 ND ND ND ND ND ND
2-Chlorotoluene 0.01 0.24 0.21 ND 0.08 ND ND ND ND
4-Chlorotoluene 0.01 0.27 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Bromobenzene 0.01 0.25 0.23 ND ND ND ND ND ND

Br o m ochloro m e thane

- 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Chlorobenzene 0.01 0.14 0.11 ND ND ND ND ND ND cis-1,2-dichloroethene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Dibromochloromethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Dibromomethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Dichlorobromomethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Methylene chloride 0.02 3.12 3.13 3.22 2.56 2.03 ND ND ND
Tetrachloroethene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Carbon tetrachloride 0.01 ND ND 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND trans-1,2-dichloroethene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Chloroform 0.01 0.27 0.26 0.15 0.20 ND 0.18 ND ND
Bromoform 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,2,4-Tribrombenzene 0.02 7.94 7.60 4.16 2.99 2.23 1.63 1.23 1.05 1,3,5-Tribrombenzene 0.02 3.59 3.08 1.75 1.21 0.92 0.69 ND ND
Toluene 0.01 6.78 6.77 6.07 5.88 5.14 3.42 3.12 1.93 Naphthalene 0.01 3.19 3.36 0.78 0.53 0.39 0.29 0.25 0.21
THMs 0.27 0.26 0.15 0.20 ND 0.18 ND ND Halo-acetonitrils (μg/L)
Dibromoacetonitrile 0.004 0.05 0.05 0.04 ND ND ND ND ND
Bromochloroacetonitrile 0.003 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Chloropicrin 0.003 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Chloral hydrate 0.002 0.02 0.02 ND 0.02 ND ND ND ND
Trichloroacetonit rile 0.001 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Dichloroacetonitrile 0.001 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.02 ND 0.01 ND
Sum of HANs 0.11 0.10 0.07 0.03 0.02 ND 0.01 ND Halo-acetic acids (μg/L)
2-mono-chloroacetic acid 0.059 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,2-dichloroacetic acid 0.166 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Dalapon acid 0.103 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,2-bromochloroacetic acid 0.035 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,2,2-bromodichloroacetic acid 0.014 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,2,2-tribromoacetic acid 0.094 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND NDMEPC 60/2/5
ANNEX Page 19

I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc Sampling time 0 day (2009.07.23) 1 day (2009.07.24) 5 day (2009.07.28)

Sampling point/tank Test

water Control Treated Control Treated Control Before
deballast After
deballast
2-monobromoacetic acid 0.049 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,2-dibromoacetic acid 0.022 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Sum of HAAs ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Chlorinated Phenols (μg/L) 2-Chlorphenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 3-Chlorphenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 4-Chlorphenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,3-Dichlorphenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,4-Dichlorphenol 0.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,5-Dichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,6-Dichlorphenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 3,4-Dichlorphenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 3,5-Dichlorphenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,3,4-Trichlorphenol + 3,4,5-Trichlorphenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2,3,5-Trichlorphenol + 2,4,5-Trichlorphenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2,3,6-Trichlorphenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,4,6-Trichlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorphenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorphenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Pentachlorophenol 0.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Bromophenols (μg/L) 2,4-Dibromophenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,6-Dibromophenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,4,6-Tribromophenol 0.8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Others (mg/L)
AOX 0.01 0.35 0.36 0.39 0.31 0.31 0.28 0.29 0.31
DOC 0.01 4.65 4.67 4.67 2.09 2.28 2.57 2.40 2.34
POC 1.35 1.38 1.13 1.31 1.53 0.39 0.39 0.13

ND, not detectedMEPC 60/2/5
ANNEX Page 20

I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc Table 13: Active Substances, Relevant Chemic als and other chemicals in 20 psu test

Sampling time 0 day (2009.07.29) 1 day (2009.07.30) 5 day (2009.08.03)

Sampling point/tank Test

water Control Treated Control Treated Control Before
deballast After
deballast

Sample tag 21CS34S 1

D 0 21CS34S 2

D 0 21CS34S 3

D 0 21CS34S 2

D 1 21CS34S 3

D 1 21CS34S 2

D 5 21CS34S 3

D 5 21CS34S 4

D 5 KTR receipt No. TBU115 TBU116 TBU117 TBU119 TBU120 TBU121 TBU122 TBU123 Compounds MDL
A ctive substance (mg/L)
TRO 0.20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
FRO 0.05 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Ozone(O 3 ) 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
ClO 2 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Sulfide(S-2) 0.20 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Bromate(BrO 3 -) ( μ g/L) 0.13 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Bromide(Br-) 0.01 36.6 35.0 35.6 34.9 34.4 34.1 34.6 34.7 Chlorinated organic compounds (μg/L) 1,1,1-Trichloroethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,1-Dichloroethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,2,3-Trichloropropane 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 ND 0.01 0.01 1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,1-Dichloroethene 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,2-Dichloropropane 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2-Chlorotoluene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
4-Chlorotoluene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Bromobenzene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

Br o m ochloro m e thane

- 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Chlorobenzene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND cis-1,2-dichloroethene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Dibro m ochl o r omethane

- 0.01 0.41 0.40 0.27 0.37 0.25 0.29 0.21 ND
Dibromomethane 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Dichlorobr o m omethane

- 0.01 1.91 1.85 1.44 1.88 1.29 1.44 1.04 0.90 Methylene chloride 0.02 0.57 0.55 0.54 0.13 0.10 ND ND ND
Tetrachloroethene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Carbon tetrachloride 0.01 ND ND 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND trans-1,2-dichloroethene 0.01 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Chloroform 0.01 11.7 11.5 8.32 10.5 6.32 5.34 5.62 4.03
Bromoform 0.02 0.92 0.88 ND ND ND ND ND ND 1,2,4-Tribrombenzene 0.02 0.85 0.83 1.08 0.54 0.64 0.39 ND ND 1,3,5-Tribrombenzene 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Toluene 0.01 2.03 2.12 1.48 1.85 0.54 0.62 1.92 ND Naphthalene 0.01 0.23 0.23 0.19 0.19 0.17 0.17 0.22 0.12
THMs 15.0 14.6 10.0 12.7 7.86 7.07 6.87 4.93MEPC 60/2/5
ANNEX Page 21

I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc Sampling time 0 day (2009.07.29) 1 day (2009.07.30) 5 day (2009.08.03)

Sampling point/tank Test

water Control Treated Control Treated Control Before
deballast After
deballast Halo-acetonitriles (μg/L)
Dibromoacetonitrile 0.004 0.10 0.10 ND ND ND ND ND ND
Bromochloroacetonitrile 0.003 0.08 0.03 ND ND ND ND ND ND Chloropicrin 0.003 0.03 0.04 ND 0.10 ND ND ND ND Chloral hydrate 0.002 0.56 0.55 0.41 0.11 0.39 0.04 0.19 0.37
Trichloroacetonitrile 0.001 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Dichloroacetonitrile 0.001 0.71 0.68 0.66 0.09 0.54 0.06 0.14 0.48
Sum of HANs 1.48 1.44 1.13 0.20 1.03 0.11 0.33 0.85 Halo-acetic acids (μg/L)
2-monochloroacetic acid 0.059 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,2-dichloroacetic acid 0.166 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Dalapon acid 0.103 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid 0.02 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,2-bromochloroacetic acid 0.035 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,2,2-bromodichloroacetic acid 0.014 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,2,2-tribromoacetic acid 0.094 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
2-monobromoacetic acid 0.049 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,2-dibromoacetic acid 0.022 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND
Sum of HAAs ND ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Chlorinated Phenols (μg/L) 2-Chlorophenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 3-Chlorophenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 4-Chlorophenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,3-Dichlorophenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,4-Dichlorophenol 0.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,5-Dichlorophenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,6-Dichlorophenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 3,4-Dichlorophenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 3,5-Dichlorophenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,3,4-Trichlorophenol + 3,4,5-Trichlorophenol 0.4 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2,3,5-Trichlorophenol + 2,4,5-Trichlorophenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND

2,3,6-Trichlorophenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,3,4,5-Tetrachlorophenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol 0.2 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,3,5,6-Tetrachlorophenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Pentachlorophenol 0.5 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Bromophenols (μg/L) 2,4-Dibromophenol 0.3 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,6-Dibromophenol 0.6 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND 2,4,6-Tribromophenol 0.8 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND Others (mg/L)
AOX 0.01 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.44 0.31 0.40 0.39 0.46
DOC 0.01 7.31 7.08 8.57 3.17 2.29 4.19 3.34 3.12
POC 0.01 13.3 13.1 10.3 10.3 2.18 0.98 0.12 0.22

ND, not detected.MEPC 60/2/5
ANNEX Page 22

I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc Table 14: List of standard methods were app lied to chemical analysis in this study

Compound Standard method (year) Instrument TRO US EPA 330.3 (1978)

FRO Drinking Water Quality Standard and Test ES 05310, Korea (2009) OT-method

Ozone
Chlorine dioxide Standard Method 4500-O 3 -B (2005)
and/or 4500-ClO 2 -B (2005) Indigo Colorimetric Method
and/or Titration Method Chlorinated organic compounds EPA 524.2(1995) Purge & trap GC/MS

Sulfide Standard Method 4500-S -2 -D (2005) Iodometric method Bromate ISO 15061 (2001) HPLC/Agilent/USA Bromide US EPA 300.1 ( 1997) IC/DX-500/Dionex/USA

AOX ISO 9562 (2004) Cl 10/Behr LaborTechnik/Germany

Halo-acetonitrils US EPA 551.1 (1995) microECDGCMS/Agilent/USA

Halo-acetic acid US EPA 552.2 (1995) microECDGCMS/Agilent/USA

Chlorinated phenols US EPA 8041A (2007) microECDGCMS/Agilent/USA

Bromated phenols US EPA 8041A (2007) microECDGCMS/Agilent/USA DOC, POC ISO 8245 (1999(E)) TOC CPH /Shimazu/Japan Hydrogen gas GC-TCD Ozone and chlorine gas Detector tube kit

4 DATA-SET FOR ACTIVE SUBSTACES AND PREPARATIONS

4.1 Data-set on effects on aquatic plan t, invertebrate and fish (G9: 4.2.1.1)

4.1.1 Acute aquatic organism toxicity

Acute aquatic toxicity

No significant acute toxicity was observed in plant, invertebrate a nd fish (see report in appendix 4). The results are su mmarized in tables 15 and 16.

Algae: For the study to assess the effects of the seawater treated by ìBOGî BWMS on the diatom, Skeletonema costatum , during 72 hours

, NOEC and LOEC values from Hypothesis Test
and EC 50 values based on the cell densities at the end of the experiment were calculated for both 32 psu and 20 psu ballast water treated by ìBOGî BWMS.

Crustacean: For the study to assess th e effects of the seawater treated by ìBOGî BWMS on the copepod, Tigriopus japonicus, during 48 hours, EC 50 and LC 50 values based on mobilization and survival data at the end of the experiment we re calculated for both 32 and 20 psu ballast water treated by ìBOGî BWMS.MEPC 60/2/5
ANNEX Page 23

I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc Fish: For the study to assess the effects of the seawater treated by ìBOGî BWMS on the olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus , during 96 hours, LC 50 values based on survival data at the end of the experiment were calculated for both 32 and 20 psu ballast water treated by ìBOGî BWMS.

Table 15: Acute aquatic toxicity of 32 psu ballast water treated by the ìBOGî BWMS

LC 50 and/or EC 50 Species End point Conc.(%) Reference/Comments/ justification for missing data
Algae Skeletonema costatum EC 50 72 h > 100 Tested (OECD 201)

Crustacean Tigriopus japonicus EC 50 48 h LC 50 48 h > 100 > 100 Tested (OECD 202)

Fish Paralichthys olivaceus LC 50 96 h > 100 Tested (OECD 203)

Table 16: Acute aquatic toxicity of 20 psu ballast water treated by the ìBOGî BWMS

LC 50 and/or EC 50 Species End point Conc.(%) Reference/Comments/ justification for missing data
Algae Skeletonema costatum EC 50 72 h > 100 Tested (OECD 201)

Crustacean Tigriopus japonicus EC 50 48 h LC 50 48 h > 100 > 100 Tested (OECD 202)

Fish Paralichthys olivaceus LC 50 96 h > 100 Tested (OECD 203)

4.1.2 Chronic aquatic organism toxicity

Tests were not carried out (chronic aquatic or ganism toxicity testing will be planned on a land-based scale).

4.1.3 Endocrine disruption

After having performed a precise analysis on wa ter quality, no Active Substances or Relevant
Chemicals were found thus tests were not carri ed out. The subject matter was found to be unrelated (refer to appendix 3).

4.1.4 Sediment toxicity

After having performed a precise analysis on wa ter quality, no Active Substances or Relevant
Chemicals were found thus tests were not carri ed out. The subject matter was found to be unrelated (refer to appendix 3).MEPC 60/2/5
ANNEX Page 24

I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc 4.1.5 Bioavailability/biomagnifications/bioconcentration

After having performed a precise analysis on wa ter quality, no Active Substances or Relevant
Chemicals were found thus tests were not carri ed out. The subject matter was found to be unrelated (refer to appendix 3).

4.1.6 Food web/population effects

No Active Substances or Relevant Chemicals were found thus the subject matter was shown to be unrelated (refer to appendix 3).

4.2 Mammalian toxicity (G9: 4.2.1.2)

4.2.1 Acute toxicity

No Active Substances or Relevant Chemicals we re found. Hence, we e xpected there to be no acute toxicity as such, no test s were conducted (refer to appendi x 3 for test results of water quality).

4.2.2 Effect on eye and skin

No Active Substances or Relevant Chemicals were found, thus tests were not carried out (refer to appendix 3 for test results of water quality).

4.2.3 Chronic and long-term toxicity

No Active Substances or Relevant Chemicals were found and shown to be ineffective. Therefore, tests were not carried out (refer to appendix 3 for test results of water quality).

4.2.4 Development and reproductive toxicity

No Active Substances or Relevant Chemicals were found and shown to be ineffective. Therefore, tests were not carried out (refer to appendix 3 for test results of water quality).

4.2.5 Carcinogenicity

No Active Substances or Relevant Chemicals were found thus the subject matter was shown to be unrelated (refer to appendix 3).

4.2.6 Mutagenicity

No Active Substances or Relevant Chemicals were found thus the subject matter was shown to be unrelated. Consequentiall y, tests were not conducte d (refer to appendix 3).

4.3 Environmental fate and effect under aero bic and anaerobic conditions (G9: 4.2.1.3)

4.3.1 Mode of degradation

No Active Substances or Relevant Chemicals were found thus the subject matter was shown to be unrelated. Consequentiall y, tests were not conducte d (refer to appendix 3).MEPC 60/2/5
ANNEX Page 25

I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc 4.3.2 Bioaccumulation, partition coefficient, octanol/water coefficient

Considerable materials related to this subject we re not detected thus te sts were not carried out (refer to appendix 3).

4.3.3 Persistence and identification of the main metabolites in the rel evant media (ballast water, marine and fresh water)

Considerable materials related to this subject we re not detected thus te sts were not carried out (refer to appendix 3).

4.3.4 Reaction with organic matter

Although ozone and chlorine gases were produced during the treatment process by the ìBOGî system, these gases were not absorbed into the treated water. These gases were only detected in the atmosphere environment. Therefore, reacti on with organic matter woul d not be expected in natural air (refer to appendix 3).

4.3.5 Potential physical effects on wildlife and benthic habitats

Considerable materials related to this subject we re not detected thus te sts were not carried out (refer to appendix 3).

Table 17: Oxidation and Reduction Potential (ORP, mV) in control and treated seawater

Day 0 Day 1 Day 5 Salinity (PSU) Test water Control Treated Control Treated Control Treated

32 605 601 590 604 561 567 580
20 602 573 552 515 496 451 561

4.3.6 Potential residue in seafood

Considerable materials related to this subject we re not detected thus te sts were not carried out (refer to appendix 3).

4.3.7 Any known interactive effects

Considerable materials related to this subject we re not detected thus te sts were not carried out (refer to appendix 3).

4.4 Physical and chemical properties for the Active Substances and Preparation and the treated ballast water (G9: 4.2.1.4)

Not necessary (see appendix 3). No Active Substa nce and Relevant Chemical related to ìBOGî
were found.

5 MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS)

Not necessary (see appendix 3).MEPC 60/2/5
ANNEX Page 26

I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc 6 RISK CHARACTERIZATIONS

6.1 Screening for persistency, bioaccumulation and toxicity

These criteria were applied on the Active Subs tance and Relevant Chemicals detected in the treated ballast water (see section 3). There was no newly formed nor an increase in materials in the treated water thus, no further related literature survey was conducted (refer to appendix 3 and appendix 4).

6.2 Toxicity testing of the treated Ballast Water

Acute ecotoxicity tests with ìBOGî treated seaw ater and brackish water covering multiple testing species (a fish, an invertebrate and a plant) sh owed results of no toxicity in aquatic plants, invertebrate and fish (see appendix 4).

6.3 Risk characterization and analysis

Since no Active Substances or Relevant Chem icals were presented, no relationship was found.

7 RISK ASSESSMENTS

7.1 Ship and personnel safety

7.1.1 Safety to ship

7.1.1.1 Corrosion

The ìBOGî BWMS does not produce any corrosi ve by-products, such as TRO and acidic compounds, any Preparations or aggressive additives or generated substances. The value of TRO was not observed after treatment, which supports that the ìBOGî BWMS is free of corrosion risk. And no corrosion supporting, or corrosion stimulating effect s are connected to the system. The 21st Century Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. intends to carry out a comprehensive corrosion testing programme as a part of its evaluation of th e effects of the ìBOGî BWMS on ship safety.

7.1.1.2 Fire and explosion

The electrical and electronic parts of the ìBOGî BWMS are essentially safe under normal operation. We are looking for ways to reduce damage in the case of fire or explosions associated with the system.

7.1.1.3 Storage and handling of the substances

Not necessary.

7.1.1.4 Contact with, or inhalation of, process products

Not necessary.

7.1.1.5 Noise

No sound or noise was generated by the ìBOGî BWMS.MEPC 60/2/5
ANNEX Page 27

I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc 7.1.2 Safety to shipís crew

If all operators and crew members follow the ma nuals provided by the manufacturer, there is no
risk to human health unless th ere is direct human exposure to the MPUV and Plasma in the instance of an emergency. The likeliness of this actually occurring is next to impossible. During the ballasting mode (Day 0) of the ìBOGî BWMS, ozone and chlorine were detected in a gas
state with amount of 50 μ l/L and 70 μ l/L in seawater (34 psu), and 18 μ l/L and 120 μ l/L in brackish water (20 psu), respectivel y. In case of any risk to the human health or crewís safety, appropriate countermeasures will be considered or such a disc harge unit will be mounted for compensation in order to maintain the safety to the shipís crew and human health. However, after a precise analysis on water quality was perf ormed, ozone and chlorine were not detected as dissolved Active Substance in the treated water (D ay 0 and Day 5) (refer to tables 12 and 13). Therefore, it is expected that there are no concerns for crewís safety or risk to the environment. The detailed description of the ìs afety instructionsî is prepared in appendix 1. In addition, according to IMO requirements, we will prepar e a safety system for the shipís crew.

7.1.2.1 Plasma protection

.1 The operator has the right to operate this module under safety rules and regulations at all times and has responsibil ity for maintenance. This module must be operated by qualified persons only ñ i.e. only those who t ook a training course or appropriate instruction.

.2 The interior of the power supply has fl owing high voltage which can be fatal to people. Do not remove any protective cove rs from this module. Stay away from the module while the module is fully operating.

.3 Operating gas (natural stat e of air) has no toxicity, poison and is inflammable. Therefore, personnel charged with the operation must have corresponding qualifications on this module. While opera ting this module, personnel must also
take extra care and caution. If any problem occurs while operating the gas (natural state of air), the manipula tion on the module must stop at that moment and you must follow the qualified personnelís instructions.

7.1.2.2 MPUV protection

.1 Wear safety glasses to prevent eye inju ries from ultraviolet light. Do not look directly into a UV-lamp that is switched on.

.2 Do not unnecessarily expose your skin to UV-radiation. Wear clean, cotton gloves when handling the lamps. If you do ha ve to hold the lamps, do so by the

connectors.

.3 Remember that UV-lamps remain hot for a considerable time after they have been turned off. Allow the lamps to cool off after use for at least 15 minutes.

.4 The disinfection chamber and the control uni t have to be wired to an earth leakage
circuit breaker with suffi cient capacity. Switch the power supply off before carrying out repair work and maintenance.MEPC 60/2/5
ANNEX Page 28

I:\MEPC\60\2-5.doc .5 Take account of the fact th at there is inadequate disinf ection if the lamps are not of a certain temperature or if the lamps have been switched off.

.6 The UV-lamps contain mercury. Take de fective lamps to a depot for chemical

waste.

7.2 Risk to human health

In regard to risks to human hea lth, we expect no negative or harm ful effects stemming from direct or indirect contact with discharged treated water. Please refer to the test results of water quality.

7.3 Risk to aquatic environment

No significant effect was found on aquatic toxicity test (refe r to section 4.1.1).

7.4 Human Exposure Scenario

Not necessary because ìBOGî BWMS did not produce any Active Substances and Relevant Chemicals (see appendix 3).

8 ASSESSMENTS REPORT

8.1 Overview of data and endpoint

No harmful effects were found on aquatic organisms, alga Skeletonema costatum , invertebrate Tigriopus japonicus and fish Palalichthys olivaceus nor were chemical compounds (Active Substances, Relevant Chemicals) produced by the ìBOGî BWMS during ballasting and de-ballasting water. Therefore, no adverse health effects would be expected to derive from direct or indirect exposure to de-ballasted.

8.2 Test report data quality

The applicant has commissioned research on the Ac tive Substances and Relevant Chemicals by
accredited laboratories and commercial institutions. Quality control processes strictly followed at all times (see appendices 2, 3 and 4).

9 REFERENCES

Adler, et al. , 1998 Akan, et al. , 2006 Gamal, et al. , 2008
IUVA Mackie, et al. , 2000 Marsili, et al. , 2002 Miller, et al. , 2000 Ohkawa, et al. , 2006 Smythe, et al. , 1999
US EPA http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi? Name=hydroxyl+radical&Units=SI

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