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TREATIES AND OTHER INTERNATIONAL ACTS SERIES 18-1016 

TRANSPORTATION 

Aviation 

Agreement Between the 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 

and BELIZE 

Signed at Belmopan October 16, 2018 
 

 

NOTE BY THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE 

Pursuant to Public Law 89—497, approved July 8, 1966 

(80 Stat. 271; 1 U.S.C. 113)— 

“. . .the Treaties and Other International Acts Series issued 

under the authority of the Secretary of State shall be competent 

evidence . . . of the treaties, international agreements other than 

treaties, and proclamations by the President of such treaties and 

international agreements other than treaties, as the case may be, 

therein contained, in all the courts of law and equity and of maritime 

jurisdiction, and in all the tribunals and public offices of the 

United States, and of the several States, without any further proof 

or authentication thereof.” 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BELIZE 

Transportation: Aviation 

Agreement signed at Belmopan 

October 16, 2018; 

Entered into force October 16, 2018. 
AIR TRANSPORT AGREEMENT 

BETWEEN 

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 

AND 

THE GOVERNMENT OF BELIZE 

The Government of the United States of America and the Government of Belize (hereinafter, 

"the Parties"); 

Desiring to promote an international aviation system based on competition among airlines in the 

marketplace with minimum government interference and regulation; 

Desiring to make it possible for airlines to offer the traveling and shipping public a variety of 

service options, and wishing to encourage individual airlines to develop and implement 

innovative and competitive prices; 

Desiring to facilitate the expansion ofinternational air transport opportunities; 

Desiring to ensure the highest degree of safety and security in international air transport and 

reaffirming their grave concern about acts or threats against the security of aircraft, which 

jeopardize the safety of persons or property, adversely affect the operation of air transportation, 

and undermine public confidence in the safety of civil aviation; and 

Being Parties to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, done at Chicago December 7, 

1944; 

Have agreed as follows: 

Article 1 

Defmitions 

For the purposes of this Agreement, unless otherwise stated, the term: 

I. "Aeronautical authorities" means, in the case of the United States, the Department of 

Transportation and, in the case of Belize, the Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation, or their 

successors, and any person or agency authorized to perform functions exercised by the 

Department ofTransportation or the Ministry ofTourism and Civil Aviation, or their successors; 

2. "Agreement" means this Agreement and any amendments thereto; 

3. "Air transportation" means the public carriage by aircraft of passengers, baggage, cargo, and 

mail, separately or in combination, scheduled or charter, for remuneration or hire; 

4. "Airline of a Party" means an airline that has received its Air Operator's Certificate (AOC) 

from and has its principal place of business in the territory ofthat Party; 
5. "Convention" means the Convention on International Civil Aviation, done at Chicago 

December 7, 1944, and includes: 

a. any amendment that has entered into force under Article 94(a) of the Convention and 

has been ratified by both Parties, and 

b. any Annex or any amendment thereto adopted under Article 90 of the Convention, 

insofar as such Annex or amendment is at any given time effective for both Parties; 

6. "Full cost" means the cost of providing service plus a reasonable charge for administrative 

overhead; 

7. "International air transportation" means air transportation that passes through the airspace 

over the territory of more than one State; 

8. "Price" means any fare, rate, or charge for the carriage of passengers, baggage, or cargo 

( excluding mail) in air transportation, including surface transportation in connection with 

international air transportation, charged by airlines, including. their agents, and the conditions 

governing the availability ofsuch fare, rate, or charge; 

9. "Stop for non-traffic purposes" means a landing for any purpose other than taking on or 

discharging passengers, baggage, cargo, or mail in air transportation; 

I 0. "Territory" means the land areas, internal waters, and territorial sea under the sovereignty of 

a Party; and 

11. "User charge" means a charge imposed on airlines for the provision of airport, airport 

environmental, air navigation, or aviation security facilities or services including related services 

and facilities. 

Article 2 

Grant of Rights 

I. Each Party grants to the other Party the following rights for the conduct of international air 

transportation by the airlines ofthe other Party: 

a. the right to fly across its territory without landing; 

b. the right to make stops in its territory for non-traffic purposes; 

c. the right to perform international air transportation between points on the following 

routes: 

(i) for airlines of the United States, from points behind the United States via the 

United States and intermediate points to any point or points in Belize and beyond; and 

for all-cargo service, between Belize and any point or points; 

(ii) for airlines of Belize, from points behind Belize via Belize and intermediate 

points to any point or points in the United States and beyond; and for all-cargo 

service, between the United States and any point or points; and 

d. the rights otherwise specified in this Agreement. 

2. Each airline of a Party may, on any or all flights and at its option: 

a operate flights in either or both directions; 

b. combine different flight numbers within one aircraft operation; 

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c. serve behind, intermediate, and beyond points and points in the territories of the 

Parties in any combination and in any order; 

d. omit stops at any point or points; 

e. transfer traffic from any ofits aircraft to any of its other aircraft at any point; 

f. serve points behind any point in its territory with or without change of aircraft or flight 

number and hold out and advertise such services to the public as through services; 

g. make stopovers at any points whether within or outside the territory of either Party; 

h. carry transit traffic through the other Party's territory; and 

i. combine traffic on the same aircraft regardless of where such traffic originates; 

without directional or geographic limitation and without loss of any right to carry traffic 

otherwise permissible under this Agreement, provided that, with the exception of all-cargo 

services, the transportation is part of a service that serves a point in the homeland ofthe airline. 

3. On any segment or segments of the routes above, any airline of a Party may perform 

international air transportation without any limitation as to change, at any point on the route, in 

type or number of aircraft operated, provided that, with the exception of all-cargo services, in the 

outbound direction, the transportation beyond such point is a continuation of the transportation 

from the homeland ofthe airline and, in the inbound direction, the transportation to the homeland 

ofthe airline is a continuation ofthe transportation from beyond such point 

4. Nothing in this Article shall be deemed to confer on the airline or airlines of one Party the 

rights to take on board, in the territory of the other Party, passengers, baggage, cargo, or mail 

carried for compensation and destined for another point in the territory ofthat other Party. 

5. Any airline of a Party performing charter international air transportation originating in the 

territory of either Party, whether on a one-way or round-trip basis, shall have the option of 

complying with the charter laws, regulations, and rules either of its homeland or of the other 

Party. If a Party applies different rules, regulations, terms, conditions, or limitations to one or 

more of its airlines, or to airlines of different countries, each airline of the other Party shall be 

subject to the least restrictive of such criteria Nothing in this paragraph shall limit the rights of a 

Party to require airlines of both Parties to adhere to requirements relating to the protection of 

passenger funds and passenger cancellation and refund rights. Except with respect to the 

consumer protection rules referred to in this paragraph, neither Party shall require an airline of 

the other Party, in respect of the carriage of traffic from the territory of that other Party or of a 

third country on a one-way or round-trip basis, to submit more than a notice that it is complying 

with the applicable laws, regulations, and rules referred to in this paragraph or of a waiver of 

these laws, regulations, or rules granted by the applicable aeronautical authorities. 

Article3 

Authorization 

Each Party, on receipt of applications from an airline of the other Party, in the form and manner 

prescribed for operating authorizations and technical permissions, shall grant appropriate 

authorizations and permissions with minimum procedural delay, provided that: 

a. substantial ownership and effective control ofthat airline are vested in the other Party, 

nationals ofthat Party, or both; 

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b. the airline is qualified to meet the conditions prescribed under the laws and regulations 

normally applied to the operation of international air transportation by the Party 

considering the application or applications; and 

c. the other Party is maintaining and administering the provisions set forth in Article 6 

(Safety) and Article 7 (Aviation Security). 

Article 4 

Revocation of Authorization 

1. Either Party may revoke, suspend, limit, or impose conditions on the operating authorizations 

or technical permissions of an airline where: 

a. that airline is not an airline of the other Party under Article 1(4); 

b. substantial ownership and effective control of that airline are not vested in the other 

Party, the other Party's nationals, or both; or 

c. that airline has failed to comply with the laws and regulations referred to in Article 5 

(Application of Laws) of this Agreement. 

2. Unless immediate action is essential to prevent further noncompliance with 

subparagraph 1 ( c) of this Article, the rights established by this Article shall be exercised only 

after consultation with the other Party. 

3. This Article does not limit the rights of either Party to withhold, revoke, suspend, limit, or 

impose conditions on the operating authorization or technical permission of an airline or airlines 

of the other Party in accordance with the provisions of Article 6 (Safety) or Article 7 (Aviation 

Security). 

Article 5 

Application of Laws 

1. The laws and regulations of a Party relating to the admission to or departure from its territory 

of aircraft engaged in international air navigation, or to the operation and navigation of such 

aircraft while within its territory, shall be complied with by such aircraft upon entering, when 

departing from, or while within the territory of that Party. 

2. While entering, within, or leaving the territory' of one Party, its laws and regulations relating 

to the admission to or departure from its territory of passengers, crew or cargo on aircraft 

(including regulations relating to entry, clearance, aviation security, immigration, passports, 

customs and quarantine or, in the case of mail, postal regulations) shall be complied with by, or 

on behalf of, such passengers, crew or cargo of the other Party's airlines. 

Article 6 

Safety 

1. Each Party shall recognize as valid, for the purpose of operating the air transportation 

provided for in this Agreement, certificates of airworthiness, certificates of competency, and 

licenses issued or validated by the other Party and still in force, provided that the requirements 

for such certificates or licenses at least equal the minimum standards that may be established 

pursuant to the Convention. Each Party may, however, refuse to recognize as valid for the 

purpose of flight above its own territory, certificates of competency and licenses granted to or 

validated for its own nationals by the other Party. 

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2. Either Party may request consultations concerning the safety standards maintained by the 

other Party relating to aeronautical facilities, aircrews, aircraft, and operation of airlines of that 

other Party. If, following such consultations, one Party finds that the other Party does not 

effectively maintain and administer safety standards and requirements in these areas that at least 

equal the minimum standards that may be established pursuant to the Convention, the other Party 

shall be notified of such findings and the steps considered necessary to conform with these 

minimum standards, and the other Party shall take appropriate corrective action. Each Party 

reserves the right to withhold, revoke, suspend, limit, or impose conditions on the operating 

authorization or technical permission of an airline or airlines of the other Party in the event the 

other Party does not take such appropriate corrective action within a reasonable time and to take 

immediate action, prior to consultations, as to such airline or airlines if the other Party is not 

maintaining and administering the aforementioned standards and immediate action is essential to 

prevent further noncompliance. 

Article 7 

Aviation Security 

I. The Parties affirm that their obligation to each other to protect the security of civil aviation 

against acts of unlawful interference forms an integral part of this Agreement. Without limiting 

the generality of their rights and obligations under international law, the Parties shall in 

particular act in conformity with the provisions of the Convention on Offenses and Certain 

Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft, done at Tokyo September 14, 1%3, the Convention 

for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure ofAircraft, done at The Hague December 16, 1970, 

the Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety ofCivil Aviation, done 

at Montreal September 23, 1971, and the Protocol for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts of 

Violence at Airports Serving International ·Civil Aviation, Supplementary to the Convention 

for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts against the Safety of Civil Aviation, done at Montreal 

February 24, 1988. 

2. The Parties shall provide upon request all necessary assistance to each other to prevent acts of 

unlawful seizure of civil aircraft and other unlawful acts against the safety of such aircraft, of 

their passengers and crew, and of airports and air navigation facilities, and to address any other 

threat to the security of civil air navigation. 

3. The Parties shall, in their mutual relations, act in conformity with the aviation security 

standards and appropriate recommended practices established by the International Civil Aviation 

Organization and designated as Annexes to the Convention; they shall require that operators of 

aircraft of their registry, operators of aircraft that have their principal place of business or 

permanent residence in their territory, and the operators of airports in their territory act in 

conformity with such aviation security provisions. 

4. Each Party agrees to observe the security provisions required by the other Party for entry into, 

for departure from, and while within the territory of that other Party and to take adequate 

measures to protect aircraft and to inspect passengers, crew, and their baggage and carry-on 

items, as well as cargo and aircraft stores, prior to and during boarding or loading. Each Party 

shall also give positive consideration to any request from the other Party for special security 

measures to meet a particular threat. 

5. When an incident or threat of an incident of unlawful seizure of aircraft or other unlawful acts 

against the safety of passengers, crew, aircraft, airports or air navigation facilities occurs, the 

Parties shall assist each other by facilitating communications and other appropriate measures 

intended to terminate rapidly and safely such incident or threat. 

6. When a Party has reasonable grounds to believe that the other Party has departed from the 

aviation security provisions of this Article, the aeronautical authorities of that Party may request 

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immediate consultations with the aeronautical authorities of the other Party. Failure to reach a 

satisfactory agreement within 15 days from the date of such request shall constitute grounds to 

withhold, revoke, suspend, limit, or impose conditions on the operating authori7.8tion and 

technical permissions of an airline or airlines ofthat Party. When required by an emergency, a 

Party may take interim action prior to the expiry of 15 days. 

Article8 

Commercial Opportunities 

1. The airlines of each Party shall have the right to establish offices in the territory of the other 

Party for the promotion and sale of air transportation. 

2. The airlines of each Party shall be entitled, in accordance with the laws and regulations ofthe 

other Party relating to entry, residence, and employment, to bring in and maintain in the territory 

ofthe other Party managerial, sales, technical, operational, and other specialist staffrequired for 

the provision ofair transportation. 

3. Each airline shall have the right to perform its own ground-handling in the territory of the 

other Party ("self-handling") or, at the airline's option, select among competing agents for such 

services in whole or in part. The rights shall be subject only to physical constraints resulting 

from considerations of airport safety. Where such considerations preclude self-handling, ground 

services shall be available on an equal basis to all airlines; charges shall be based on the costs of 

services provided; and such services shall be comparable to the kind and quality of services as if 

self-handling were possible. 

4. An airline of a Party may engage in 'the sale of air transportation in the territory ofthe other 

Party directly and, at the airline's discretion, through its agents, except as may be specifically 

provided by the charter regulations ofthe country in which the charter originates that relate to the 

protection of passenger funds, and passenger cancellation and refund rights. Each airline shall 

have the right to sell such transportation, and any person shall be free to purchase such 

transportation, in the currency ofthat territory or in freely convertible currencies. 

5. Each airline shall have the right to convert and remit to its country and, except where 

inconsistent with generally applicable law or regulation, to any other country or countries of its 

choice, on demand, local revenues in excess of sums locally disbursed. Conversion and 

remittance shall be permitted promptly without restrictions or taxation in respect thereof at the 

rate of exchange applicable to current transactions and remittance on the date the airline makes 

the initial application for remittance. 

6. The airlines of each Party shall be permitted to pay for local expenses, including purchases of 

fuel, in the territory ofthe other Party in local currency. At their discretion, the airlines ofeach 

Party may pay for such expenses in the territory of the other Party in freely convertible 

currencies according to local currency regulation. 

7. In operating or holding out the authorized services under this Agreement, any airline of one 

Party may enter into cooperative marketing arrangements such as blocked-space, code-sharing, 

or leasing arrangements, with 

a an airline or airlines ofeither Party; and 

b. an airline or airlines of a third country; 

provided that all participants in such arrangements (i) hold the appropriate authority and (ii) meet 

the requirements normally applied to such arrangements. 

8. Airlines and indirect providers of cargo transportation of both Parties shall be permitted, 

without restriction, to employ in connection with international air transportation any surface 

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transportation for cargo to or from any points in the territories ofthe Parties or in third countries, 

including to and from all airports with customs facilities, and to transport cargo in bond under 

applicable laws and regulations. Such cargo, whether moving by surface or by air, shall have 

access to airport customs processing and facilities. Airlines may elect to perform their own 

surface transportation or to provide it through arrangements with other surface carriers, including 

surface transportation operated by other airlines and indirect providers of cargo air 

transportation. Such intermodal cargo services may be offered at a single, through price for the 

air and surface transportation combined, provided that shippers are not misled as to the facts 

concerning such transportation. 

Article 9 

Customs Duties and Charges 

1. On arriving in the territory of one Party, aircraft operated in international air transportation by 

the airlines of the other Party, their regular equipment, ground equipment, fuel, lubricants, 

consumable technical supplies, spare parts (including engines), aircraft stores (including but not 

limited to such items offood, beverages and liquor, tobacco, and other products destined for sale 

to or use by passengers in limited quantities during flight), and other items intended for or used 

solely in connection with the operation or servicing of aircraft engaged in international air 

transportation shall be exempt, on the basis of reciprocity, from all import restrictions, property 

taxes and capital levies, customs duties, excise taxes, and similar fees and charges that are (a) 

imposed by the national authorities, and (b) not based on the cost ofservices provided, provided 

that such equipment and supplies remain on board the aircraft. 

2. There shall also be exempt, on the basis ofreciprocity, from the taxes, levies, duties, fees, and 

charges referred to in paragraph I of this Article, with the exception of charges based on the cost 

of the service provided: 

a aircraft stores introduced into or supplied in the territory ofa Party and taken on board, 

within reasonable limits, for use on outbound aircraft of an airline of the other Party 

engaged in international air transportation, even when these stores are to be used on a part 

of the journey performed over the territory of the Party in which they are taken on board; 

b. ground equipment and spare parts (including engines) introduced into the territory of a 

Party for the servicing, maintenance, or repair of aircraft of an airline of the other Party 

used in international air transportation; 

c. fuel, lubricants, and consumable technical supplies introduced into or supplied in the 

territory of a Party for use in an aircraft of an airline of the other Party engaged in 

international air transportation, even when these supplies are to be used on a part of the 

journey performed over the territory ofthe Party in which they are taken on board; and 

d. promotional and advertising materials introduced into or supplied in the territory of 

one Party and taken on board, within reasonable limits, for use on outbound aircraft of an 

airline of the other Party engaged in international air transportation, even when these 

materials are to be used on a part of the journey performed over the territory of the Party 

in which they are taken on board. 

3. Equipment and supplies referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2 ofthis Article may be required to be 

kept under the supervision or control ofthe appropriate authorities. 

4. The exemptions provided by this Article shall also be available where the airlines of one Party 

have contracted with another airline, which similarly enjoys such exemptions from the other 

Party, for the loan or transfer in the territory of the other Party of the items specified in 

paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article. 

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Article 10 

User Charges 

I. User charges that may be imposed by the competent charging authorities or bodies of each 

Party on the airlines of the other Party shall be just, reasonable, not unjustly discriminatory, and 

equitably apportioned among categories of users. In any event, any such user charges shall be 

assessed on the airlines of the other Party on terms not less favorable than the most favorable 

terms available to any other airline at the time the charges are assessed. 

2. User charges imposed on the airlines of the other Party may reflect, but shall not exceed, the 

full cost to the competent charging authorities or bodies of providing the appropriate airport, 

airport environmental, air navigation, and aviation security facilities and services at the airport or 

within the airport system. Such charges may include a reasonable return on assets, after 

depreciation. Facilities and services for which charges are made shall be provided on an efficient 

and economic basis. 

3. Each Party shall encourage consultations between the competent charging authorities or 

bodies in its territory and the airlines using the services and facilities, and shall encourage the 

competent charging authorities or bodies and the airlines to exchange such information as may 

be necessary to permit an accurate review of the reasonableness of the charges in accordance 

with the principles of paragraphs I and 2 of this Article. Each Party shall encourage the 

competent charging authorities to provide users with reasonable notice of any proposal for 

changes in user charges to enable users to express their views before changes are made. 

4. Neither Party shall be held, in dispute resolution procedures pursuant to Article 15 

(Settlement of Disputes), to be in breach of a provision of this Article, unless (a) it fails to 

undertake a review of the charge or practice that is the subject of complaint by the other Party 

within a reasonable amount oftime; or (b) following such a review it fails to take all steps within 

its power to remedy any charge or practice that is inconsistent with this Article. 

Article 11 

Fair Competition 

I. Each Party shall allow a fair and equal opportunity for the airlines of both Parties to compete 

in providing the international air transportation governed by this Agreement. 

2. Each Party shall allow each airline to determine the frequency and capacity of the 

international air transportation it offers based upon commercial considerations in the 

marketplace. Consistent with this right, neither Party shall unilaterally limit the volume of 

traffic, frequency, or regularity ofservice, or the aircraft type or types operated by the airlines of 

the other Party, except as may be required for customs, technical, operational, or environmental 

reasons under uniform conditions consistent with Article 15 ofthe Convention. 

3. Neither Party shall impose on the other Party's airlines a first-refusal requirement, uplift ratio, 

no-objection fee, or any other requirement with respect to capacity, frequency, or traffic that 

would be inconsistent with the purposes ofthis Agreement. 

4. Neither Party shall require the filing of schedules, programs for charter flights, or operational 

plans by airlines of the other Party for approval, except as may be required on a nondiscriminatory basis to enforce the uniform conditions foreseen by paragraph 2 of this Article or 

as may be specifically authorized in this Agreement. If a Party requires filings for information 

purposes, it shall minimize the administrative burdens of filing requirements and procedures on 

air transportation intermediaries and on airlines of the other Party. 

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Article 12 

Pricing 

J. Each Party shall allow prices for air transportation to be established by airlines of both Parties 

based upon commercial considerations in the marketplace. Intervention by the Parties shall be 

limited to: 

a. prevention ofunreasonably discriminatory prices or practices; 

b. protection of consumers from prices that are unreasonably high or restrictive due to 

the abuse of a dominant position; and 

c. protection of airlines from prices that are artificially low due to direct or indirect 

governmental subsidy or support. 

2. Prices for international air transportation between the territories of the Parties shall not be 

required to be filed. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the airlines of the Parties shall provide 

immediate access, on request, to information on historical, existing, and proposed prices to the 

aeronautical authorities of the Parties in a manner and format acceptable to those aeronautical 

authorities. 

3. Neither Party shall take unilateral action to prevent the inauguration or continuation of a price 

proposed to be charged or charged by (i) an airline of either Party for international air 

transportation between the territories ofthe Parties, or (ii) an airline of one Party for international 

air transportation between the territory ofthe other Party and any other country, including in both 

cases transportation on an interline or intraline basis. If either Party believes that any such price 

is inconsistent with the considerations set forth in paragraph 1 of this Article, it shall request 

consultations and notify the other Party of the reasons for its dissatisfaction as soon as possible. 

These consultations shall be held not later than 30 days after receipt of the request, and the 

Parties shall cooperate in securing information necessary for reasoned resolution of the issue. If 

the Parties reach agreement with respect to a price for which a notice of dissatisfaction has been 

given, each Party shall use its best efforts to put that agreement into effect. Without such mutual 

agreement, the price shall go into effect or continue in effect. 

Article 13 

Consultations 

Either Party may, at any time, request consultations relating to this Agreement. Such 

consultations shall begin at the earliest possible date, but not later than 60 days from the date the 

other Party receives the request unless otherwise agreed. 

Article 14 

Amendments 

I. This Agreement may be amended, in writing, by mutual agreement of the Parties at any time. 

2. If, after entry into force of this Agreement, both Parties become party to a multilateral 

agreement that addresses matters covered by this Agreement, they shall consult to determine 

whether, and to what extent, this Agreement should be amended. 

3. Amendments to this Agreement shall enter into force on the date ofsignature. 

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Article 15 

Settlement of Disputes 

I. Any dispute arising under this Agreement, except those that may arise under Article 12 

(Pricing}, that is not resolved within 30 days of the date established for consultations pursuant to 

a request for consultations under Article 13 may be referred, by agreemeqt of the Parties, for 

decision to some person or body. Ifthe Parties do not so agree, either Party may give written 

notice to the other Party through diplomatic channels that it is requesting that the dispute be 

submitted to arbitration. 

2. Arbitration shall be by a tribunal of three arbitrators to be constituted as follows: 

a. Within 30 days after the receipt of a request for arbitration, each Party shall name one 

arbitrator. Within 60 days after these two arbitrators have been named, they shall by 

agreement appoint a third arbitrator, who shall act as President ofthe arbitral tribunal; 

b. If either Party fails to name an arbitrator, or if the third arbitrator is not appointed, in 

accordance with subparagraph a of this paragraph, either Party may request the President 

of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization to appoint the necessary 

arbitrator or arbitrators within 30 days. If the President of the Council is of the same 

nationality as one of the Parties, the most senior Vice President who is not disqualified on 

that ground shall make the appointment. 

3. The arbitral tribunal shall be entitled to decide the extent of its jurisdiction under this 

Agreement and, except as otherwise agreed, shall establish its own procedural rules. The 

tribunal, once formed, may at the request of either Party recommend interim relief measures 

pending its final determination. If either of the Parties requests it or the tribunal deems it 

appropriate, a conference to determine the precise issues to be arbitrated and the specific 

procedures to be followed shall be held not later than 15 days after the tribunal is fully 

constituted. 

4. Except as otherwise agreed or as directed by the tribunal, the statement of claim shall be 

submitted within 45 days of the time the tribunal is fully constituted, and the statement of 

defense shall be submitted 60 days thereafter. Any reply by the claimant shall be submitted 

within 30 days of the submission of the statement of defense. Any reply by the respondent shall 

be submitted within 30 days thereafter. If either Party requests it or the tribunal deems it 

appropriate, the tribunal shall hold a hearing within 45 days after the last pleading is due. 

5. The tribunal shall attempt to render a written decision within 30 days after completion of the 

hearing or, ifno hearing is held, after the last pleading is submitted. The decision ofthe majority 

of the tribunal shall prevail. 

6. The Parties may submit requests for interpretation of the decision within 15 days after it is 

rendered and any interpretation given shall be issued within 15 days ofsuch request. 

7. Each Party shall, to the degree consistent with its national law, give full effect to any decision 

or award ofthe arbitral tribunal. 

8. The expenses of the arbitral tribunal, including the fees and expenses of the arbitrators, shall 

be shared equally by the Parties. Any expenses incurred by the President of the Council of the 

International Civil Aviation Organization in connection with the procedures of paragraph 2b of 

this Article shall be considered to be part ofthe expenses ofthe arbitral tribunal. 

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Article 16 

Termination 

Either Party may, at any time, give notice in writing to the other Party ofits decision to terminate 

this Agreement. Such notice shall be sent simultaneously to the International Civil Aviation 

Organization. This Agreement shall terminate at midnight (at the place ofreceipt ofthe notice to 

the other Party) at the end of the International Air Transport Association (lATA) traffic season in 

effect one year following the date of written notification of termination, unless the notice is 

withdrawn by agreement ofthe Parties before the end of this period. 

Article 17 

Registration with ICAO 

This Agreement and all amendments thereto shall be registered with the International Civil 

Aviation Organization. 

Article 18 

Entry into Force 

This Agreement shall enter into force on the date of signature. 

Upon entry into force, this Agreement shall supersede, as between the Government of the United 

States of America and the Government of Belize, the Agreement between the Goverruiient of the 

United States of America and the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and 

Northern Ireland concerning Air Services, with annexes and exchange of letters, signed at 

Bermuda July 23, 1977, as amended. 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, being duly authorized by their respective 

Governments, have signed this Agreement. 

DONE at B1;:LN\O fk,J , this _l_!u_day of Ot1o{J a... ,20Jt,., in two originals, in the 

English language. 

FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF 

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA: BELIZE: 

Hon. Manuel Heredia 

Minister ofTourism and Civil Aviation 

II