IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

NO. 2016-CP-00815-COA

JULIUS SCOTT TURNER A/K/A JULIUS S.

TURNER A/K/A JULIUS TURNER

APPELLANT

v.

STATE OF MISSISSIPPI APPELLEE

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 11/28/2016

TRIAL JUDGE: HON. LAWRENCE PAUL BOURGEOIS JR.

COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: HARRISON COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT,

FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: JULIUS SCOTT TURNER (PRO SE)

ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: ALICIA MARIE AINSWORTH

NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - POST-CONVICTION RELIEF

DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED: 05/08/2018

MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:

MANDATE ISSUED:

BEFORE GRIFFIS, P.J., BARNES AND GREENLEE, JJ.

GRIFFIS, P.J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1. Julius Scott Turner appeals the denial of his motion for post-conviction collateral

relief (PCCR). We find no error and affirm.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2. On February 11, 2014, Turner entered a guilty plea to Count I, possession of a

controlled substance with intent, and Count II, unlawful possession of a firearm or weapon

by a convicted felon. He was subsequently sentenced as a habitual offender under

Mississippi Code Annotated section 99-19-81 (Rev. 2014) to twelve years for Count I and

ten years for Count II, to run concurrently, for a total of twelve years to serve in the custody
of the Mississippi Department of Corrections.

¶3. On February 13, 2015, Turner filed a motion for PCCR, which the trial court denied. 

Turner now appeals and argues: (1) his guilty plea was involuntarily entered, (2) he received

ineffective assistance of counsel, (3) his sentence as a habitual offender is illegal, and (4) his

constitutional rights were violated.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶4. We will not disturb a circuit court’s denial of a motion for PCCR unless the factual

findings are clearly erroneous. Kennedy v. State, 179 So. 3d 82, 83 (¶5) (Miss. Ct. App.

2015). However, questions of law are reviewed de novo. Id.

ANALYSIS

I. Voluntariness of Guilty Plea

¶5. Turner first argues his guilty plea was involuntarily entered. Turner claims he pled

guilty due to constant pressure from his attorney and family. “When a PC[C]R movant tries

to get out of an already entered guilty plea, it is the movant, not the State, who bears the

burden of proving by a preponderance of evidence that the guilty plea was involuntary.” 

Watkins v. State, 170 So. 3d 582, 585 (¶11) (Miss. Ct. App. 2014).

¶6. “A guilty plea is not binding upon a criminal defendant unless it is entered voluntarily

and intelligently.” Holland v. State, 956 So. 2d 322, 327 (¶11) (Miss. Ct. App. 2007). “A

plea is deemed ‘voluntary and intelligent’ only where the defendant is advised concerning

the nature of the charge against him and the consequences of the plea.” Id. “[T]he defendant

must be advised that his guilty plea waives multiple constitutional rights.” Hill v. State, 60

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So. 3d 824, 828 (¶11) (Miss. Ct. App. 2011). However, “[a] lawyer’s ‘persuading’ a

defendant to plead guilty by ‘every means at his disposal’ does not render the plea

involuntary if that persuasion does not result from fear, violence, deception, or improper

inducements.” Brasington v. State, 760 So. 2d 18, 26 (¶38) (Miss. Ct. App. 1999).

¶7. “[T]he most significant indicator of the voluntariness of a defendant's guilty plea is

the thoroughness with which the defendant was interrogated by the lower court.” Watkins,

170 So. 3d at 585-86 (¶12) (internal quotation marks omitted). “The Court can place great

weight on the sworn testimony of a defendant given at a plea hearing leaving the defendant

with a high hurdle in recanting that testimony.” Pevey v. State, 914 So. 2d 1287, 1290 (¶8)

(Miss. Ct. App. 2005).

¶8. During Turner’s plea hearing, the following exchange occurred:

THE COURT: Before you should be a petition to enter a plea of guilty. 

Is there one?

[TURNER]: Yes, sir. 

THE COURT: Have you read that petition?

[TURNER]: Yes, sir. 

THE COURT: Do you understand it?

[TURNER]: Yes, sir. 

THE COURT: Have you discussed it with your lawyer?

[TURNER]: Yes, sir. 

THE COURT: Has your lawyer answered any and all questions you had

or have relative to that petition to plead guilty?

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[TURNER]: Yes, sir. 

THE COURT: Is everything contained in that petition to plead guilty

true and correct?

[TURNER]: Yes, sir. 

THE COURT: Are you telling me you wish to plead guilty here this

morning because you are in fact guilty?

[TURNER]: Yes, sir. 

. . . .

THE COURT: So you must be aware of the fact that when one pleads

guilty, you waive and give up certain constitutional

rights, because those constitutional rights are contained

in paragraph five of your petition to plead guilty; is that

right, sir?

[TURNER]: Yes, sir. 

. . . .

THE COURT: Do you understand by pleading guilty, you’re waiving

and forever giving up each and every one of the rights we

just went over?

[TURNER]: Yes, sir. 

THE COURT: And is that what you wish to do?

[TURNER]: Yes, sir. 

THE COURT: Did anyone use any force, threats, coercion, intimidation

or place you in any type of duress to induce you into

pleading guilty here today?

[TURNER]: No, sir. 

THE COURT: Did anyone exercise any undue influence, guarantee you

a particular sentence, or make any type of promise to you

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whatsoever to induce you into pleading guilty here

today?

[TURNER]: No, sir.

. . . .

THE COURT: So that your exposure in this case is one to 40 years in

the penitentiary and/or a fine of $5,000 up to $1,005,000.

Do you understand that, sir?

[TURNER]: Yes, sir.

THE COURT: And do you understand that as long as this Court stays

within those boundaries or parameters, it is within its

discretion?

[TURNER]: Yes, sir. 

THE COURT: And do you further understand, Mr. Turner, that this

Court could sentence you to the maximumpenalty, which

would be 40 years in the penitentiary and impose a

$1,005,000 fine?

[TURNER]: Yes, sir. 

THE COURT: And you still wish to plead guilty?

[TURNER]: Yes, sir. 

¶9. The record shows Turner was advised of the nature of the charges against him and the

consequences of a guilty plea. Turner was further advised that by pleading guilty, he was

waiving certain constitutional rights. Importantly, Turner stated his guilty plea was not the

result of any force, threats, coercion, or intimidation. Instead, Turner stated he was pleading

guilty because he committed both crimes.

¶10. We find Turner’s guilty plea was voluntarily entered. Accordingly, this claim is

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without merit.

II. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel 

¶11. Turner next argues he received ineffective assistance of counsel. Specifically, Turner

claims his counsel failed to conduct an independent investigation into his case, was “hostile

to the facts of affirmative defenses,” and failed to make certain objections during his pretrial

hearings.

¶12. “[W]here a defendant voluntarily pleads guilty to an offense, he waives all nonjurisdictional rights incident to trial. . . .” Hill, 60 So. 3d at 827 (¶6). “This waiver includes

all claims of ineffective assistance of counsel, except insofar as the alleged ineffectiveness

relates to the voluntariness of the giving of the guilty plea.” Id. (internal quotation marks

omitted).

¶13. As previously discussed, Turner voluntarily pled guilty to both offenses. Therefore,

he waived his right to now claim ineffective assistance of counsel.

¶14. Despite the waiver, we find Turner’s ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim fails. 

To prove ineffective assistance of counsel, Turner must show: (1) his counsel’s performance

was deficient, and (2) the deficient performance prejudiced his defense. Strickland v.

Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984). There is “a strong presumption that counsel’s

conduct falls within the wide range of reasonable professional assistance.” Id. at 689. To

overcome this presumption, Turner “must show that there is a reasonable probabilitythat, but

for counsel’s unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.” 

Id. at 694.

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¶15. “The defendant must allege facts of ineffective assistance with specificity and detail.” 

Berryhill v. State, 197 So. 3d 938, 941 (¶10) (Miss. Ct. App. 2016) (internal quotation marks

omitted). A “petitioner’s bare assertions are insufficient.” Id.

¶16. Turner claims his counsel failed to adequately investigate his case and was “hostile

to the facts of affirmative defenses.” However, the plea-hearing transcript shows Turner

advised the trial court, under oath, that he was satisfied with the services of his counsel, that

his counsel had taken the time to familiarize himself with the facts and circumstances of his

case, and had explained the elements of the charged crimes as well as any possible defenses

he might have to those charges. Additionally, the signed plea petition indicates Turner was

“satisfied with the advice and help [his] lawyer ha[d] given.”

¶17. Turner fails to offer any evidence of his ineffective-assistance-of-counsel claim

beyond the unsupported assertions in his brief that a police officer lied and fabricated

evidence in order to convict him. However, such bare assertions are insufficient. Id.

¶18. Turner further claims his counsel failed to make certain objections. However,

“counsel’s choice of whether or not to file certain motions . . . or make certain objections

fall[s] within the ambit of trial strategy and cannot give rise to an ineffective assistance of

counsel claim.” Jackson v. State, 815 So. 2d 1196, 1200 (¶8) (Miss. 2002) (internal

quotation mark omitted). 

¶19. Overall, Turner has failed to show that his counsel’s performance was deficient and

that the alleged deficient performance prejudiced his defense. Accordingly, his ineffectiveassistance-of-counsel claim fails.

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III. Illegal Sentence

¶20. Turner next argues his sentence under Mississippi Code Annotated section 99-19-81

is illegal. He claims the trial court erroneously introduced certified copies of his prior felony

convictions without any accompanying testimony from the certifying official. Turner

contends that his inability to confront the party responsible for certifying the copies deprived

him of his sixth amendment right to confrontation.

¶21. The Mississippi Supreme Court has set out the parameters of the right to

confrontation:

The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution and Article 3, Section

26 of the Mississippi Constitution guarantee a criminal defendant the right to

confront and cross-examine the witnesses against him. The United States

Supreme Court has held that the Sixth Amendment Confrontation Clause bars

the admission of “testimonial statements” made by a witness who does not

appear at trial, unless the witness is unavailable and the defendant had a prior

opportunity to cross-examine him. Though no exhaustive list defining

testimonial statements exists, “a document created solely for an ‘evidentiary

purpose’ ranks as testimonial.” 

Small v. State, 141 So. 3d 61, 68 (¶23) (Miss. Ct. App. 2014) (quoting Grim v. State, 102 So.

3d 1073, 1078 (¶12) (Miss. 2012)).

¶22. “We have held that self-authenticating records of a defendant's prior convictions are

not testimonial evidence, and do not trigger a defendant’s constitutional right to confront

witnesses.” Id. at 69 (¶24). Indeed, the certification of the documents “indicates that the

custodian of the records swore that the documents were true and correct copies, not that

[Turner] actually committed any act.” Frazier v. State, 907 So. 2d 985, 997 (¶42) (Miss. Ct.

App. 2005). Accordingly, we find this issue is meritless.

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IV. Constitutional Violations 

¶23. Turner last argues his constitutional rights were violated. He claims he was denied

the right to confront the confidential informant in this case. He also claims that the evidence

obtained by the police and used to convict him was falsified and manufactured. Turner

asserts that these violations, coupled with his ineffective counsel, left him with no choice but

to plead guilty. We disagree.

¶24. “If a defendant pleads guilty to committing the charged offense, he may not thereafter

raise independent claims relating to the deprivation of constitutional rights that occurred prior

to the entry of the guilty plea.” Rustin v. State, 138 So. 3d 270, 273 (¶8) (Miss. Ct. App.

2014) (internal quotation mark omitted). By pleading guilty to the charged offenses,

Turner’s claim is procedurally barred. Id.

¶25. Notwithstanding the procedural bar, we find Turner’s constitutional claims fail. Not

only are these claims made without any supporting evidence, they are all contradictory to

Turner’s testimony in the record. Accordingly, we find this issue is without merit.

CONCLUSION

¶26. We find no merit to the issues raised on appeal. Thus, we affirm the judgment of the

Harrison County Circuit Court.

¶27. AFFIRMED.

LEE,C.J.,IRVING,P.J.,BARNES,CARLTON, FAIR, WILSON, GREENLEE,

WESTBROOKS AND TINDELL, JJ., CONCUR.

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