10-B-i

APPENDIX 10-B. NATIONAL ENERGY SAVINGS AND NET NATIONAL

PRESENT VALUE RESULTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

10-B.1 SUMMARY OF RESULTS ................................................................................ 10-B-1

10-B.1.1 Dry-Type Transformers....................................................................................... 10-B-1

10-B.1.2 Liquid-Type Transformers................................................................................... 10-B-2

10-B.2 0 PERCENT LOAD GROWTH, LIQUID IMMERSED (0 PERCENT DRYTYPE) .................................................................................................................. 10-B-3

10-B.2.1 Low Price Elasticity Scenario.............................................................................. 10-B-3

10-B.2.1.1 3 Percent Discount Rate..................................................................... 10-B-4

10-B.2.1.2 7 Percent Discount Rate................................................................... 10-B-11

10-B.2.2 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario...................................................................... 10-B-17

10-B.2.2.1 3 Percent Discount Rate................................................................... 10-B-19

10-B.2.2.2 7 Percent Discount Rate................................................................... 10-B-25

10-B.2.3 High Price Elasticity Scenario ........................................................................... 10-B-32

10-B.2.3.1 3 Percent Discount Rate................................................................... 10-B-33

10-B.2.3.2 7 Percent Discount Rate................................................................... 10-B-40

10-B.2.4 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario ............................ 10-B-46

10-B.2.4.1 3 Percent Discount Rate................................................................... 10-B-48

10-B.2.4.2 7 Percent Discount Rate................................................................... 10-B-54

10-B.2.5 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario ........................... 10-B-61

10-B.2.5.1 3 Percent Discount Rate................................................................... 10-B-62

10-B.2.5.2 7 Percent Discount Rate................................................................... 10-B-69

10-B.3 1 PERCENT LOAD GROWTH, LIQUID IMMERSED (0 PERCENT DRYTYPE) ................................................................................................................ 10-B-75

10-B.3.1 Low Price Elasticity Scenario............................................................................ 10-B-75

10-B.3.1.1 3 Percent Discount Rate................................................................... 10-B-77

10-B.3.1.2 7 Percent Discount Rate................................................................... 10-B-83

10-B.3.2 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario...................................................................... 10-B-90

10-B.3.2.1 3 Percent Discount Rate................................................................... 10-B-91

10-B.3.2.2 7 Percent Discount Rate................................................................... 10-B-98

10-B.3.3 High Price Elasticity Scenario ......................................................................... 10-B-104

10-B.3.3.1 3 Percent Discount Rate................................................................. 10-B-106

10-B.3.3.2 7 Percent Discount Rate................................................................. 10-B-112

10-B.3.4 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario .......................... 10-B-119

10-B.3.4.1 3 Percent Discount Rate................................................................. 10-B-120

10-B.3.4.2 7 Percent Discount Rate................................................................. 10-B-127

10-B.3.5 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario ......................... 10-B-133

10-B.3.5.1 3 Percent Discount Rate................................................................. 10-B-135

10-B.3.5.2 7 Percent Discount Rate................................................................. 10-B-141

LIST OF TABLES
10-B-ii

Table 10-B.2.1 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate........................................................... 10-B-4

Table 10-B.2.2 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Low Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ......................... 10-B-5

Table 10-B.2.3 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate........................................... 10-B-5

Table 10-B.2.4 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate........................................................... 10-B-6

Table 10-B.2.5 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate........................................................... 10-B-6

Table 10-B.2.6 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate........................................................... 10-B-7

Table 10-B.2.7 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate........................................................... 10-B-7

Table 10-B.2.8 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate........................................................... 10-B-8

Table 10-B.2.9 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate........................................................... 10-B-8

Table 10-B.2.10 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate........................................................... 10-B-9

Table 10-B.2.11 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate........................................................... 10-B-9

Table 10-B.2.12 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-10

Table 10-B.2.13 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-10

Table 10-B.2.14 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-11

Table 10-B.2.15 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Low Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ....................... 10-B-11

Table 10-B.2.16 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................... 10-B-12

Table 10-B.2.17 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-12

Table 10-B.2.18 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-13

Table 10-B.2.19 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-13

Table 10-B.2.20 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-14

Table 10-B.2.21 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-14

Table 10-B.2.22 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-15
10-B-iii

Table 10-B.2.23 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-15

Table 10-B.2.24 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-16

Table 10-B.2.25 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-16

Table 10-B.2.26 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-17

Table 10-B.2.27 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................... 10-B-19

Table 10-B.2.28 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate................. 10-B-19

Table 10-B.2.29 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............................... 10-B-20

Table 10-B.2.30 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-20

Table 10-B.2.31 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-21

Table 10-B.2.32 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-21

Table 10-B.2.33 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-22

Table 10-B.2.34 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-22

Table 10-B.2.35 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-23

Table 10-B.2.36 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-23

Table 10-B.2.37 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-24

Table 10-B.2.38 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-24

Table 10-B.2.39 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-25

Table 10-B.2.40 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................... 10-B-25

Table 10-B.2.41 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate................. 10-B-26

Table 10-B.2.42 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............................... 10-B-26

Table 10-B.2.43 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-27

Table 10-B.2.44 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-27

Table 10-B.2.45 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-28
10-B-iv

Table 10-B.2.46 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-28

Table 10-B.2.47 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-29

Table 10-B.2.48 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-29

Table 10-B.2.49 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-30

Table 10-B.2.50 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-30

Table 10-B.2.51 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-31

Table 10-B.2.52 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-31

Table 10-B.2.53 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-33

Table 10-B.2.54 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

High Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ...................... 10-B-34

Table 10-B.2.55 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................... 10-B-34

Table 10-B.2.56 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-35

Table 10-B.2.57 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-35

Table 10-B.2.58 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-36

Table 10-B.2.59 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-36

Table 10-B.2.60 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-37

Table 10-B.2.61 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-37

Table 10-B.2.62 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-38

Table 10-B.2.63 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-38

Table 10-B.2.64 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-39

Table 10-B.2.65 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-39

Table 10-B.2.66 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-40

Table 10-B.2.67 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

High Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ...................... 10-B-40

Table 10-B.2.68 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................... 10-B-41
10-B-v

Table 10-B.2.69 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-41

Table 10-B.2.70 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-42

Table 10-B.2.71 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-42

Table 10-B.2.72 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-43

Table 10-B.2.73 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-43

Table 10-B.2.74 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-44

Table 10-B.2.75 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-44

Table 10-B.2.76 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-45

Table 10-B.2.77 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-45

Table 10-B.2.78 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-46

Table 10-B.2.79 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate10-B-48

Table 10-B.2.80 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent 

Discount Rate......................................................................................... 10-B-48

Table 10-B.2.81 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount 

Rate ........................................................................................................ 10-B-49

Table 10-B.2.82 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............... 10-B-49

Table 10-B.2.83 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............... 10-B-50

Table 10-B.2.84 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............... 10-B-50

Table 10-B.2.85 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............... 10-B-51

Table 10-B.2.86 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............... 10-B-51

Table 10-B.2.87 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............... 10-B-52

Table 10-B.2.88 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............... 10-B-52

Table 10-B.2.89 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............... 10-B-53

Table 10-B.2.90 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............... 10-B-53
10-B-vi

Table 10-B.2.91 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............... 10-B-54

Table 10-B.2.92 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate10-B-54

Table 10-B.2.93 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent 

Discount Rate......................................................................................... 10-B-55

Table 10-B.2.94 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount 

Rate ........................................................................................................ 10-B-55

Table 10-B.2.95 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............... 10-B-56

Table 10-B.2.96 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............... 10-B-56

Table 10-B.2.97 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............... 10-B-57

Table 10-B.2.98 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............... 10-B-57

Table 10-B.2.99 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............... 10-B-58

Table 10-B.2.100 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............... 10-B-58

Table 10-B.2.101 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............... 10-B-59

Table 10-B.2.102 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............... 10-B-59

Table 10-B.2.103 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............... 10-B-60

Table 10-B.2.104 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............... 10-B-60

Table 10-B.2.105 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate10-B-62

Table 10-B.2.106 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent 

Discount Rate......................................................................................... 10-B-63

Table 10-B.2.107 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount 

Rate ........................................................................................................ 10-B-63

Table 10-B.2.108 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate............... 10-B-64

Table 10-B.2.109 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate............... 10-B-64

Table 10-B.2.110 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate............... 10-B-65

Table 10-B.2.111 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate............... 10-B-65
10-B-vii

Table 10-B.2.112 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate............... 10-B-66

Table 10-B.2.113 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate............... 10-B-66

Table 10-B.2.114 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate............... 10-B-67

Table 10-B.2.115 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate............... 10-B-67

Table 10-B.2.116 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate............... 10-B-68

Table 10-B.2.117 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate............... 10-B-68

Table 10-B.2.118 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate10-B-69

Table 10-B.2.119 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent 

Discount Rate......................................................................................... 10-B-69

Table 10-B.2.120 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount 

Rate ........................................................................................................ 10-B-70

Table 10-B.2.121 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate............... 10-B-70

Table 10-B.2.122 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate............... 10-B-71

Table 10-B.2.123 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate............... 10-B-71

Table 10-B.2.124 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate............... 10-B-72

Table 10-B.2.125 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate............... 10-B-72

Table 10-B.2.126 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate............... 10-B-73

Table 10-B.2.127 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate............... 10-B-73

Table 10-B.2.128 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate............... 10-B-74

Table 10-B.2.129 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate............... 10-B-74

Table 10-B.2.130 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate............... 10-B-75

Table 10-B.3.1 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-77

Table 10-B.3.2 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Low Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ....................... 10-B-77

Table 10-B.3.3 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................... 10-B-78
10-B-viii

Table 10-B.3.4 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-78

Table 10-B.3.5 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-79

Table 10-B.3.6 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-79

Table 10-B.3.7 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-80

Table 10-B.3.8 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-80

Table 10-B.3.9 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-81

Table 10-B.3.10 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-81

Table 10-B.3.11 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-82

Table 10-B.3.12 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-82

Table 10-B.3.13 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-83

Table 10-B.3.14 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-83

Table 10-B.3.15 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Low Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ....................... 10-B-84

Table 10-B.3.16 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................... 10-B-84

Table 10-B.3.17 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-85

Table 10-B.3.18 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-85

Table 10-B.3.19 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-86

Table 10-B.3.20 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-86

Table 10-B.3.21 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-87

Table 10-B.3.22 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-87

Table 10-B.3.23 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-88

Table 10-B.3.24 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-88

Table 10-B.3.25 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-89

Table 10-B.3.26 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-89
10-B-ix

Table 10-B.3.27 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................... 10-B-91

Table 10-B.3.28 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate................. 10-B-92

Table 10-B.3.29 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............................... 10-B-92

Table 10-B.3.30 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-93

Table 10-B.3.31 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-93

Table 10-B.3.32 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-94

Table 10-B.3.33 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-94

Table 10-B.3.34 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-95

Table 10-B.3.35 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-95

Table 10-B.3.36 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-96

Table 10-B.3.37 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-96

Table 10-B.3.38 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-97

Table 10-B.3.39 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-97

Table 10-B.3.40 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................... 10-B-98

Table 10-B.3.41 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate................. 10-B-98

Table 10-B.3.42 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............................... 10-B-99

Table 10-B.3.43 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate......................................................... 10-B-99

Table 10-B.3.44 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-100

Table 10-B.3.45 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-100

Table 10-B.3.46 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-101

Table 10-B.3.47 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-101

Table 10-B.3.48 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-102

Table 10-B.3.49 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-102
10-B-x

Table 10-B.3.50 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-103

Table 10-B.3.51 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-103

Table 10-B.3.52 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-104

Table 10-B.3.53 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-106

Table 10-B.3.54 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

High Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate .................... 10-B-106

Table 10-B.3.55 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate....................................... 10-B-107

Table 10-B.3.56 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-107

Table 10-B.3.57 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-108

Table 10-B.3.58 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-108

Table 10-B.3.59 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-109

Table 10-B.3.60 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-109

Table 10-B.3.61 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-110

Table 10-B.3.62 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-110

Table 10-B.3.63 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-111

Table 10-B.3.64 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-111

Table 10-B.3.65 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-112

Table 10-B.3.66 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-112

Table 10-B.3.67 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

High Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate .................... 10-B-113

Table 10-B.3.68 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate....................................... 10-B-113

Table 10-B.3.69 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-114

Table 10-B.3.70 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-114

Table 10-B.3.71 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-115

Table 10-B.3.72 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-115
10-B-xi

Table 10-B.3.73 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-116

Table 10-B.3.74 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-116

Table 10-B.3.75 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-117

Table 10-B.3.76 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-117

Table 10-B.3.77 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-118

Table 10-B.3.78 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate....................................................... 10-B-118

Table 10-B.3.79 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate10-B-120

Table 10-B.3.80 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent 

Discount Rate....................................................................................... 10-B-121

Table 10-B.3.81 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount 

Rate ...................................................................................................... 10-B-121

Table 10-B.3.82 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............. 10-B-122

Table 10-B.3.83 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............. 10-B-122

Table 10-B.3.84 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............. 10-B-123

Table 10-B.3.85 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............. 10-B-123

Table 10-B.3.86 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............. 10-B-124

Table 10-B.3.87 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............. 10-B-124

Table 10-B.3.88 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............. 10-B-125

Table 10-B.3.89 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............. 10-B-125

Table 10-B.3.90 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............. 10-B-126

Table 10-B.3.91 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate ............. 10-B-126

Table 10-B.3.92 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate10-B-127

Table 10-B.3.93 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent 

Discount Rate....................................................................................... 10-B-127
10-B-xii

Table 10-B.3.94 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount 

Rate ...................................................................................................... 10-B-128

Table 10-B.3.95 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............. 10-B-128

Table 10-B.3.96 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............. 10-B-129

Table 10-B.3.97 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............. 10-B-129

Table 10-B.3.98 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............. 10-B-130

Table 10-B.3.99 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............. 10-B-130

Table 10-B.3.100 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............. 10-B-131

Table 10-B.3.101 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............. 10-B-131

Table 10-B.3.102 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............. 10-B-132

Table 10-B.3.103 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............. 10-B-132

Table 10-B.3.104 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate ............. 10-B-133

Table 10-B.3.105 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate10-B-135

Table 10-B.3.106 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent 

Discount Rate....................................................................................... 10-B-135

Table 10-B.3.107 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount 

Rate ...................................................................................................... 10-B-136

Table 10-B.3.108 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate............. 10-B-136

Table 10-B.3.109 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate............. 10-B-137

Table 10-B.3.110 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate............. 10-B-137

Table 10-B.3.111 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate............. 10-B-138

Table 10-B.3.112 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate............. 10-B-138

Table 10-B.3.113 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate............. 10-B-139

Table 10-B.3.114 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate............. 10-B-139
10-B-xiii

Table 10-B.3.115 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate............. 10-B-140

Table 10-B.3.116 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate............. 10-B-140

Table 10-B.3.117 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate............. 10-B-141

Table 10-B.3.118 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate10-B-141

Table 10-B.3.119 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent 

Discount Rate....................................................................................... 10-B-142

Table 10-B.3.120 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount 

Rate ...................................................................................................... 10-B-142

Table 10-B.3.121 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate............. 10-B-143

Table 10-B.3.122 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate............. 10-B-143

Table 10-B.3.123 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate............. 10-B-144

Table 10-B.3.124 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate............. 10-B-144

Table 10-B.3.125 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate............. 10-B-145

Table 10-B.3.126 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate............. 10-B-145

Table 10-B.3.127 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate............. 10-B-146

Table 10-B.3.128 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate............. 10-B-146

Table 10-B.3.129 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate............. 10-B-147

Table 10-B.3.130 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate............. 10-B-147

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 10-B.1.1 Dry-Type Transformers: Net Present Value (3% and 7% Discount 

Rate) versus Primary Energy Savings...................................................... 10-B-1

Figure 10-B.1.2 Liquid-Type Transformers: Net Present Value (3% and 7% Discount 

Rate) versus Primary Energy Savings...................................................... 10-B-2

Figure 10-B.2.1 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario.................................................................................................... 10-B-3
10-B-xiv

Figure 10-B.2.2 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Low Price Elasticity Scenario.................................................................. 10-B-3

Figure 10-B.2.3 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario ................................................................................... 10-B-4

Figure 10-B.2.4 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario ................................................................................. 10-B-17

Figure 10-B.2.5 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario.......................................................... 10-B-18

Figure 10-B.2.6 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario ........................................................................ 10-B-18

Figure 10-B.2.7 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario.................................................................................................. 10-B-32

Figure 10-B.2.8 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

High Price Elasticity Scenario ............................................................... 10-B-32

Figure 10-B.2.9 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario ................................................................................. 10-B-33

Figure 10-B.2.10 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario........................................ 10-B-46

Figure 10-B.2.11 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario ................ 10-B-47

Figure 10-B.2.12 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario............................... 10-B-47

Figure 10-B.2.13 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario ....................................... 10-B-61

Figure 10-B.2.14 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario ............... 10-B-61

Figure 10-B.2.15 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario.............................. 10-B-62

Figure 10-B.3.1 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity

Scenario.................................................................................................. 10-B-75

Figure 10-B.3.2 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Low Price Elasticity Scenario................................................................ 10-B-76

Figure 10-B.3.3 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario ................................................................................. 10-B-76

Figure 10-B.3.4 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario ................................................................................. 10-B-90

Figure 10-B.3.5 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario.......................................................... 10-B-90

Figure 10-B.3.6 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario ........................................................................ 10-B-91

Figure 10-B.3.7 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario................................................................................................ 10-B-104

Figure 10-B.3.8 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

High Price Elasticity Scenario ............................................................. 10-B-105

Figure 10-B.3.9 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario ............................................................................... 10-B-105
10-B-xv

Figure 10-B.3.10 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario...................................... 10-B-119

Figure 10-B.3.11 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario .............. 10-B-119

Figure 10-B.3.12 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario............................. 10-B-120

Figure 10-B.3.13 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario ..................................... 10-B-133

Figure 10-B.3.14 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario ............. 10-B-134

Figure 10-B.3.15 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium 

Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario............................ 10-B-134
10-B-1

APPENDIX 10-B. NATIONAL ENERGY SAVINGS AND NET NATIONAL PRESENT 

VALUE RESULTS

10-B.1 SUMMARY OF RESULTS

10-B.1.1 Dry-Type Transformers

-5

-3

-1

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Net Present Value (Billion $)

Primary Energy Savings (Quads)

3% Discount Rate

-5

-3

-1

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

Net Present Value (Billion $)

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Primary Energy Savings (Quads)

7% Discount Rate

0% Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity

0% Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity

0% Load Growth, High Price Elasticity

0% Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity, Low Economic Growth

0% Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity, High Economic Growth

Figure 10-B.1.1 Dry-Type Transformers: Net Present Value (3% 

and 7% Discount Rate) versus Primary Energy 

Savings
10-B-2

10-B.1.2 Liquid-Type Transformers

-16

-11

-6

-1

4

9

14

19

24

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Net Present Value (Billion $)

Primary Energy Savings (Quads)

3% Discount Rate

-16

-11

-6

-1

4

9

14

19

24

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3

Net Present Value (Billion $)

Primary Energy Savings (Quads)

7% Discount Rate

0% Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity

0% Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity

0% Load Growth, High Price Elasticity

0% Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity, Low Economic Growth

0% Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity, High Economic Growth

1% Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity

1% Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity

1% Load Growth, High Price Elasticity

1% Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity, Low Economic Growth

1% Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity, High Economic Growth

Figure 10-B.1.2 Liquid-Type Transformers: Net Present Value (3% 

and 7% Discount Rate) versus Primary Energy 

Savings
10-B-3

10-B.2 0 PERCENT LOAD GROWTH, LIQUID IMMERSED (0 PERCENT DRYTYPE)

10-B.2.1 Low Price Elasticity Scenario

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

0.0

3.0

6.0

9.0

12.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed and Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.2.1 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Low Price Elasticity Scenario

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.2.2 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent

Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity Scenario
10-B-4

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.2.3 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load 

Growth, Low Price Elasticity Scenario

10-B.2.1.1 3 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10-B.2.1 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 74.21 -6.54 -12.80 -19.46 -25.53 -42.98 -62.54 -71.23

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

113.14 13.40 32.21 40.35 46.38 55.90 61.44 64.80

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.883 2.08 2.72 3.23 4.03 4.48 4.77

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

6.86 19.41 20.89 20.85 12.91 -1.10 -6.43

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.854 3.55 2.69 1.48 -4.46 -12.72 -16.12
10-B-5

Table 10-B.2.2 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 54.95 -5.82 -10.62 -14.93 -19.29 -31.89 -48.28 -48.39

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

75.66 10.56 25.25 29.37 32.21 36.38 39.10 39.12

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.614 1.43 1.70 1.89 2.17 2.35 2.35

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions)

4.74 14.63 14.44 12.92 4.49 -9.18 -9.27

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions)

0.335 2.48 1.57 0.230 -4.91 -12.43 -12.48

Table 10-B.2.3 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 19.26 -0.723 -2.18 -4.53 -6.24 -11.09 -14.26 -22.85

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

37.48 2.83 6.97 10.98 14.17 19.52 22.34 25.68

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.268 0.650 1.03 1.34 1.86 2.12 2.42

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.11 4.79 6.45 7.93 8.43 8.08 2.83

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.519 1.07 1.13 1.25 0.445 -0.291 -3.64
10-B-6

Table 10-B.2.4 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 37.15 -4.26 -8.12 -11.81 -15.64 -24.74 -27.79 -27.90

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

42.19 4.96 15.29 18.51 20.64 22.63 23.10 23.12

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.300 0.870 1.08 1.22 1.36 1.39 1.39

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.699 7.17 6.70 5.00 -2.11 -4.70 -4.78

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.625 0.638 -0.239 -1.53 -5.56 -6.97 -7.02

Table 10-B.2.5 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 17.80 -1.55 -2.50 -3.12 -3.65 -7.15 -20.49 -20.49

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

33.47 5.60 9.96 10.86 11.57 13.75 16.00 16.00

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.315 0.564 0.621 0.669 0.812 0.962 0.962

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

4.05 7.46 7.74 7.92 6.60 -4.49 -4.49

Net Present Value at

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.960 1.84 1.81 1.76 0.652 -5.46 -5.46
10-B-7

Table 10-B.2.6 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.779 -0.033 -0.135 -0.210 -0.232 -0.328 -0.460 -0.892

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.341 0.039 0.102 0.112 0.094 0.155 0.204 0.299

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0088 0.022 0.030 0.038 0.050 0.060 0.077

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0053 -0.032 -0.099 -0.138 -0.173 -0.256 -0.593

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0050 -0.037 -0.073 -0.089 -0.119 -0.171 -0.363

Table 10-B.2.7 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 14.49 -0.167 -1.13 -2.89 -4.33 -7.96 -9.32 -17.48

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

29.84 2.00 5.21 8.03 10.70 15.23 17.59 20.84

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.184 0.474 0.734 0.986 1.42 1.62 1.90

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.84 4.08 5.13 6.37 7.27 8.27 3.36

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.543 1.05 1.04 1.14 0.702 0.747 -2.41
10-B-8

Table 10-B.2.8 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0076 -0.0012 -0.0019 -0.0028 -0.0037 -0.0080 -0.0080 -0.0080

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.014 0.0024 0.0044 0.0065 0.0078 0.0093 0.0093 0.0093

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0011 0.0024 0.0037 0.0041 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0001 0.0004 0.0006 0.0006 -0.0012 -0.0012 -0.0012

Table 10-B.2.9 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.536 -0.097 -0.131 -0.187 -0.239 -0.555 -0.555 -0.555

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

1.02 0.172 0.308 0.461 0.542 0.644 0.644 0.644

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.016 0.028 0.043 0.052 0.062 0.062 0.062

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.075 0.177 0.274 0.304 0.089 0.089 0.089

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0044 0.030 0.049 0.048 -0.082 -0.082 -0.082
10-B-9

Table 10-B.2.10 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.013 -0.0013 -0.0026 -0.0041 -0.0050 -0.0085 -0.013 -0.013

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.020 0.0020 0.0048 0.0080 0.0094 0.011 0.012 0.012

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0011 0.0012 0.0012

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0007 0.0022 0.0039 0.0044 0.0027 -0.0007 -0.0007

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0002 0.0004 0.0004 -0.0008 -0.0028 -0.0028

Table 10-B.2.11 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.177 0.177 0.177 0.177 0.177 0.177 0.177 0.177

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 3.15 -0.387 -0.697 -1.12 -1.27 -1.93 -3.60 -3.60

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

5.68 0.545 1.20 2.15 2.53 3.10 3.52 3.52

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.052 0.112 0.197 0.236 0.297 0.342 0.342

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.158 0.503 1.03 1.25 1.18 -0.083 -0.083

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.027 0.020 0.103 0.140 -0.013 -0.740 -0.740
10-B-10

Table 10-B.2.12 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0019 -0.0002 -0.0006 -0.0008 -0.0011 -0.0020 -0.0020 -0.0020

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0038 0.0005 0.0010 0.0015 0.0020 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003

Table 10-B.2.13 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.277 -0.036 -0.082 -0.113 -0.157 -0.297 -0.297 -0.297

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.555 0.071 0.139 0.218 0.293 0.357 0.357 0.357

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0067 0.013 0.020 0.028 0.034 0.034 0.034

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.035 0.057 0.105 0.137 0.060 0.060 0.060

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0039 0.0018 0.011 0.012 -0.040 -0.040 -0.040
10-B-11

10-B.2.1.2 7 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10-B.2.14 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 37.94 -3.34 -6.54 -9.95 -13.05 -21.97 -31.97 -36.42

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

35.45 4.20 10.09 12.64 14.53 17.51 19.25 20.31

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.883 2.08 2.72 3.23 4.03 4.48 4.77

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

6.86 19.41 20.89 20.85 12.91 -1.10 -6.43

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.854 3.55 2.69 1.48 -4.46 -12.72 -16.12

Table 10-B.2.15 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 28.08 -2.97 -5.43 -7.63 -9.86 -16.30 -24.67 -24.73

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

23.69 3.31 7.91 9.20 10.09 11.39 12.25 12.25

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.614 1.43 1.70 1.89 2.17 2.35 2.35

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

4.74 14.63 14.44 12.92 4.49 -9.18 -9.27

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.335 2.48 1.57 0.230 -4.91 -12.43 -12.48
10-B-12

Table 10-B.2.16 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 9.86 -0.370 -1.12 -2.32 -3.19 -5.68 -7.30 -11.69

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

11.76 0.889 2.19 3.44 4.45 6.12 7.01 8.05

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.268 0.650 1.03 1.34 1.86 2.12 2.42

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.11 4.79 6.45 7.93 8.43 8.08 2.83

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.519 1.07 1.13 1.25 0.445 -0.291 -3.64

Table 10-B.2.17 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 18.98 -2.18 -4.15 -6.04 -7.99 -12.64 -14.20 -14.26

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

13.21 1.55 4.79 5.80 6.46 7.09 7.23 7.24

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.300 0.870 1.08 1.22 1.36 1.39 1.39

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.699 7.17 6.70 5.00 -2.11 -4.70 -4.78

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.625 0.638 -0.239 -1.53 -5.56 -6.97 -7.02
10-B-13

Table 10-B.2.18 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 9.10 -0.794 -1.28 -1.59 -1.86 -3.66 -10.47 -10.47

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

10.48 1.75 3.12 3.40 3.62 4.31 5.01 5.01

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.315 0.564 0.621 0.669 0.812 0.962 0.962

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

4.05 7.46 7.74 7.92 6.60 -4.49 -4.49

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.960 1.84 1.81 1.76 0.652 -5.46 -5.46

Table 10-B.2.19 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.399 -0.017 -0.069 -0.108 -0.119 -0.168 -0.235 -0.456

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.107 0.012 0.032 0.035 0.029 0.049 0.064 0.094

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0088 0.022 0.030 0.038 0.050 0.060 0.077

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0053 -0.032 -0.099 -0.138 -0.173 -0.256 -0.593

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0050 -0.037 -0.073 -0.089 -0.119 -0.171 -0.363
10-B-14

Table 10-B.2.20 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 7.42 -0.085 -0.579 -1.48 -2.22 -4.08 -4.77 -8.95

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

9.36 0.628 1.63 2.52 3.36 4.78 5.52 6.54

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.184 0.474 0.734 0.986 1.42 1.62 1.90

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.84 4.08 5.13 6.37 7.27 8.27 3.36

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.543 1.05 1.04 1.14 0.702 0.747 -2.41

Table 10-B.2.21 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0039 -0.0006 -0.0010 -0.0014 -0.0019 -0.0041 -0.0041 -0.0041

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0045 0.0007 0.0014 0.0020 0.0025 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0011 0.0024 0.0037 0.0041 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0001 0.0004 0.0006 0.0006 -0.0012 -0.0012 -0.0012
10-B-15

Table 10-B.2.22 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.274 -0.050 -0.067 -0.096 -0.122 -0.284 -0.284 -0.284

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.321 0.054 0.096 0.145 0.170 0.202 0.202 0.202

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.016 0.028 0.043 0.052 0.062 0.062 0.062

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.075 0.177 0.274 0.304 0.089 0.089 0.089

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0044 0.030 0.049 0.048 -0.082 -0.082 -0.082

Table 10-B.2.23 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0065 -0.0007 -0.0013 -0.0021 -0.0026 -0.0044 -0.0065 -0.0065

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0061 0.0006 0.0015 0.0025 0.0030 0.0035 0.0038 0.0038

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0011 0.0012 0.0012

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0007 0.0022 0.0039 0.0044 0.0027 -0.0007 -0.0007

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0002 0.0004 0.0004 -0.0008 -0.0028 -0.0028
10-B-16

Table 10-B.2.24 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.177 0.177 0.177 0.177 0.177 0.177 0.177 0.177

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 1.61 -0.198 -0.357 -0.572 -0.652 -0.987 -1.85 -1.85

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

1.78 0.171 0.377 0.674 0.792 0.973 1.10 1.10

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.052 0.112 0.197 0.236 0.297 0.342 0.342

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.158 0.503 1.03 1.25 1.18 -0.083 -0.083

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.027 0.020 0.103 0.140 -0.013 -0.740 -0.740

Table 10-B.2.25 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0010 -0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0006 -0.0010 -0.0010 -0.0010

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0012 0.0002 0.0003 0.0005 0.0006 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003
10-B-17

Table 10-B.2.26 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.142 -0.018 -0.042 -0.058 -0.080 -0.152 -0.152 -0.152

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.174 0.022 0.044 0.068 0.092 0.112 0.112 0.112

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0067 0.013 0.020 0.028 0.034 0.034 0.034

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.035 0.057 0.105 0.137 0.060 0.060 0.060

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0039 0.0018 0.011 0.012 -0.040 -0.040 -0.040

10-B.2.2 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

0.0

3.0

6.0

9.0

12.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed and Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.2.4 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario
10-B-18

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.2.5 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.2.6 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load 

Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario
10-B-19

10-B.2.2.1 3 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10-B.2.27 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

2.84 2.83 2.83 2.82 2.82 2.80 2.80 2.80

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 74.21 -6.51 -12.72 -19.28 -25.24 -42.27 -61.56 -70.17

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

113.14 13.35 32.02 40.02 45.92 55.06 60.54 63.87

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.880 2.07 2.70 3.20 3.97 4.42 4.71

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

6.84 19.31 20.74 20.68 12.79 -1.01 -6.30

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.853 3.53 2.68 1.48 -4.36 -12.50 -15.86

Table 10-B.2.28 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.98 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.95 1.95

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 54.95 -5.79 -10.54 -14.78 -19.04 -31.28 -47.43 -47.53

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

75.66 10.52 25.07 29.09 31.82 35.72 38.40 38.42

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.612 1.42 1.68 1.87 2.13 2.31 2.31

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

4.73 14.53 14.31 12.79 4.44 -9.02 -9.11

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.334 2.46 1.56 0.239 -4.80 -12.21 -12.26
10-B-20

Table 10-B.2.29 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.860 0.859 0.858 0.856 0.855 0.852 0.852 0.852

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 19.26 -0.721 -2.17 -4.51 -6.20 -10.99 -14.13 -22.64

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

37.48 2.83 6.95 10.94 14.09 19.34 22.14 25.45

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.268 0.649 1.02 1.33 1.84 2.11 2.40

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.11 4.78 6.43 7.89 8.35 8.01 2.81

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.519 1.07 1.12 1.24 0.441 -0.288 -3.61

Table 10-B.2.30 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.812 0.808 0.805 0.803 0.800 0.795 0.795 0.795

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 37.15 -4.24 -8.05 -11.68 -15.42 -24.23 -27.22 -27.32

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

42.19 4.94 15.16 18.30 20.34 22.16 22.62 22.64

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.298 0.863 1.06 1.20 1.33 1.36 1.36

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.695 7.11 6.62 4.93 -2.07 -4.60 -4.68

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.622 0.633 -0.237 -1.51 -5.44 -6.83 -6.87
10-B-21

Table 10-B.2.31 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.17 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.15 1.15

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 17.80 -1.55 -2.49 -3.10 -3.62 -7.05 -20.21 -20.21

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

33.47 5.58 9.91 10.78 11.48 13.56 15.78 15.78

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.314 0.561 0.617 0.664 0.800 0.949 0.949

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

4.03 7.42 7.69 7.86 6.51 -4.43 -4.43

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.956 1.83 1.79 1.75 0.643 -5.38 -5.38

Table 10-B.2.32 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.779 -0.033 -0.134 -0.209 -0.231 -0.325 -0.457 -0.886

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.341 0.039 0.102 0.111 0.093 0.154 0.203 0.297

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0088 0.022 0.029 0.038 0.050 0.059 0.077

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0053 -0.032 -0.098 -0.137 -0.172 -0.254 -0.589

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0050 -0.037 -0.072 -0.089 -0.118 -0.170 -0.360
10-B-22

Table 10-B.2.33 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.609 0.609 0.608 0.607 0.606 0.604 0.604 0.604

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 14.49 -0.167 -1.13 -2.88 -4.31 -7.90 -9.24 -17.32

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

29.84 2.00 5.20 8.00 10.64 15.10 17.44 20.65

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.184 0.474 0.731 0.981 1.40 1.61 1.88

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.83 4.07 5.12 6.34 7.21 8.20 3.33

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.543 1.05 1.03 1.13 0.696 0.740 -2.39

Table 10-B.2.34 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0076 -0.0012 -0.0019 -0.0028 -0.0037 -0.0079 -0.0079 -0.0079

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.014 0.0024 0.0044 0.0065 0.0078 0.0091 0.0091 0.0091

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0007 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0011 0.0024 0.0037 0.0041 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0001 0.0004 0.0006 0.0005 -0.0012 -0.0012 -0.0012
10-B-23

Table 10-B.2.35 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.034 0.034 0.034 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.536 -0.096 -0.130 -0.186 -0.237 -0.547 -0.547 -0.547

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

1.02 0.171 0.306 0.458 0.538 0.635 0.635 0.635

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.016 0.028 0.043 0.051 0.061 0.061 0.061

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.075 0.176 0.272 0.302 0.088 0.088 0.088

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0044 0.029 0.048 0.048 -0.081 -0.081 -0.081

Table 10-B.2.36 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.013 -0.0013 -0.0026 -0.0041 -0.0050 -0.0084 -0.013 -0.013

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.020 0.0020 0.0048 0.0079 0.0094 0.011 0.012 0.012

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0007 0.0022 0.0038 0.0044 0.0027 -0.0007 -0.0007

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0002 0.0004 0.0004 -0.0008 -0.0027 -0.0027
10-B-24

Table 10-B.2.37 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.177 0.177 0.176 0.176 0.176 0.175 0.175 0.175

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 3.15 -0.386 -0.695 -1.11 -1.27 -1.91 -3.57 -3.57

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

5.68 0.544 1.20 2.14 2.51 3.07 3.49 3.49

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.052 0.112 0.196 0.234 0.294 0.339 0.339

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.158 0.501 1.03 1.24 1.16 -0.082 -0.082

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.027 0.020 0.102 0.139 -0.013 -0.733 -0.733

Table 10-B.2.38 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0019 -0.0002 -0.0006 -0.0008 -0.0011 -0.0020 -0.0020 -0.0020

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0038 0.0005 0.0010 0.0015 0.0020 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003
10-B-25

Table 10-B.2.39 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.277 -0.036 -0.081 -0.112 -0.155 -0.294 -0.294 -0.294

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.555 0.071 0.139 0.217 0.291 0.353 0.353 0.353

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0067 0.012 0.020 0.027 0.034 0.034 0.034

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.035 0.057 0.105 0.136 0.059 0.059 0.059

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0039 0.0018 0.011 0.012 -0.040 -0.040 -0.040

10-B.2.2.2 7 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10-B.2.40 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

2.84 2.83 2.83 2.82 2.82 2.80 2.80 2.80

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 37.94 -3.33 -6.50 -9.86 -12.90 -21.61 -31.47 -35.88

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

35.45 4.18 10.03 12.54 14.39 17.25 18.97 20.02

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.880 2.07 2.70 3.20 3.97 4.42 4.71

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

6.84 19.31 20.74 20.68 12.79 -1.01 -6.30

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.853 3.53 2.68 1.48 -4.36 -12.50 -15.86
10-B-26

Table 10-B.2.41 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.98 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.95 1.95

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 28.08 -2.96 -5.39 -7.55 -9.73 -15.99 -24.24 -24.29

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

23.69 3.29 7.85 9.11 9.97 11.19 12.03 12.03

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.612 1.42 1.68 1.87 2.13 2.31 2.31

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

4.73 14.53 14.31 12.79 4.44 -9.02 -9.11

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.334 2.46 1.56 0.239 -4.80 -12.21 -12.26

Table 10-B.2.42 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.860 0.859 0.858 0.856 0.855 0.852 0.852 0.852

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 9.86 -0.369 -1.11 -2.31 -3.18 -5.62 -7.23 -11.59

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

11.76 0.888 2.18 3.43 4.42 6.07 6.95 7.98

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.268 0.649 1.02 1.33 1.84 2.11 2.40

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.11 4.78 6.43 7.89 8.35 8.01 2.81

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.519 1.07 1.12 1.24 0.441 -0.288 -3.61
10-B-27

Table 10-B.2.43 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.812 0.808 0.805 0.803 0.800 0.795 0.795 0.795

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 18.98 -2.17 -4.12 -5.97 -7.88 -12.38 -13.91 -13.96

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

13.21 1.55 4.75 5.73 6.37 6.94 7.08 7.09

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.298 0.863 1.06 1.20 1.33 1.36 1.36

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.695 7.11 6.62 4.93 -2.07 -4.60 -4.68

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.622 0.633 -0.237 -1.51 -5.44 -6.83 -6.87

Table 10-B.2.44 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.17 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.15 1.15

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 9.10 -0.792 -1.27 -1.58 -1.85 -3.60 -10.33 -10.33

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

10.48 1.75 3.10 3.38 3.60 4.25 4.94 4.94

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.314 0.561 0.617 0.664 0.800 0.949 0.949

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

4.03 7.42 7.69 7.86 6.51 -4.43 -4.43

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.956 1.83 1.79 1.75 0.643 -5.38 -5.38
10-B-28

Table 10-B.2.45 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.399 -0.017 -0.069 -0.107 -0.118 -0.166 -0.234 -0.453

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.107 0.012 0.032 0.035 0.029 0.048 0.064 0.093

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0088 0.022 0.029 0.038 0.050 0.059 0.077

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0053 -0.032 -0.098 -0.137 -0.172 -0.254 -0.589

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0050 -0.037 -0.072 -0.089 -0.118 -0.170 -0.360

Table 10-B.2.46 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.609 0.609 0.608 0.607 0.606 0.604 0.604 0.604

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 7.42 -0.085 -0.578 -1.48 -2.20 -4.04 -4.73 -8.87

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

9.36 0.628 1.63 2.51 3.34 4.74 5.47 6.48

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.184 0.474 0.731 0.981 1.40 1.61 1.88

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.83 4.07 5.12 6.34 7.21 8.20 3.33

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.543 1.05 1.03 1.13 0.696 0.740 -2.39
10-B-29

Table 10-B.2.47 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0039 -0.0006 -0.0010 -0.0014 -0.0019 -0.0041 -0.0041 -0.0041

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0045 0.0007 0.0014 0.0020 0.0024 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0007 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0011 0.0024 0.0037 0.0041 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0001 0.0004 0.0006 0.0005 -0.0012 -0.0012 -0.0012

Table 10-B.2.48 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.034 0.034 0.034 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.274 -0.049 -0.067 -0.095 -0.121 -0.280 -0.280 -0.280

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.321 0.054 0.096 0.144 0.169 0.199 0.199 0.199

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.016 0.028 0.043 0.051 0.061 0.061 0.061

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.075 0.176 0.272 0.302 0.088 0.088 0.088

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0044 0.029 0.048 0.048 -0.081 -0.081 -0.081
10-B-30

Table 10-B.2.49 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0065 -0.0007 -0.0013 -0.0021 -0.0026 -0.0043 -0.0065 -0.0065

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0061 0.0006 0.0015 0.0025 0.0029 0.0035 0.0037 0.0037

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0007 0.0022 0.0038 0.0044 0.0027 -0.0007 -0.0007

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0002 0.0004 0.0004 -0.0008 -0.0027 -0.0027

Table 10-B.2.50 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.177 0.177 0.176 0.176 0.176 0.175 0.175 0.175

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 1.61 -0.198 -0.355 -0.568 -0.648 -0.977 -1.83 -1.83

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

1.78 0.171 0.375 0.670 0.787 0.964 1.09 1.09

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.052 0.112 0.196 0.234 0.294 0.339 0.339

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.158 0.501 1.03 1.24 1.16 -0.082 -0.082

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.027 0.020 0.102 0.139 -0.013 -0.733 -0.733
10-B-31

Table 10-B.2.51 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0010 -0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0005 -0.0010 -0.0010 -0.0010

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0012 0.0002 0.0003 0.0005 0.0006 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003

Table 10-B.2.52 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.142 -0.018 -0.042 -0.057 -0.080 -0.150 -0.150 -0.150

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.174 0.022 0.043 0.068 0.091 0.111 0.111 0.111

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0067 0.012 0.020 0.027 0.034 0.034 0.034

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.035 0.057 0.105 0.136 0.059 0.059 0.059

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0039 0.0018 0.011 0.012 -0.040 -0.040 -0.040
10-B-32

10-B.2.3 High Price Elasticity Scenario

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

0.0

3.0

6.0

9.0

12.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed and Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.2.7 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

High Price Elasticity Scenario

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.2.8 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent

Load Growth, High Price Elasticity Scenario
10-B-33

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.2.9 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load 

Growth, High Price Elasticity Scenario

10-B.2.3.1 3 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10-B.2.53 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

2.84 2.80 2.76 2.73 2.70 2.61 2.61 2.61

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 74.21 -6.41 -12.36 -18.53 -23.99 -39.15 -57.26 -65.23

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

113.14 13.17 31.22 38.55 43.78 51.11 56.22 59.30

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.869 2.02 2.60 3.05 3.68 4.10 4.37

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

6.76 18.85 20.02 19.79 11.96 -1.04 -5.93

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.851 3.46 2.61 1.45 -4.00 -11.66 -14.77
10-B-34

Table 10-B.2.54 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, High 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.98 1.95 1.92 1.90 1.88 1.83 1.83 1.83

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 54.95 -5.70 -10.24 -14.20 -18.09 -29.03 -44.25 -44.34

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

75.66 10.36 24.40 28.03 30.38 33.29 35.81 35.83

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.603 1.39 1.62 1.78 1.98 2.15 2.15

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

4.66 14.16 13.83 12.29 4.26 -8.43 -8.51

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.332 2.41 1.52 0.269 -4.41 -11.40 -11.44

Table 10-B.2.55 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.860 0.853 0.841 0.824 0.813 0.785 0.785 0.785

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 19.26 -0.709 -2.12 -4.33 -5.90 -10.12 -13.02 -20.89

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

37.48 2.81 6.82 10.52 13.40 17.82 20.41 23.47

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.266 0.636 0.982 1.27 1.70 1.94 2.21

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.10 4.70 6.19 7.50 7.70 7.40 2.58

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.518 1.05 1.08 1.18 0.410 -0.259 -3.33
10-B-35

Table 10-B.2.56 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.812 0.794 0.780 0.768 0.757 0.733 0.733 0.733

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 37.15 -4.17 -7.80 -11.18 -14.58 -22.34 -25.10 -25.19

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

42.19 4.85 14.69 17.52 19.24 20.43 20.86 20.87

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.293 0.836 1.02 1.14 1.23 1.25 1.26

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.684 6.89 6.34 4.66 -1.91 -4.24 -4.32

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.611 0.613 -0.226 -1.43 -5.02 -6.29 -6.34

Table 10-B.2.57 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.17 1.15 1.14 1.13 1.13 1.09 1.09 1.09

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 17.80 -1.53 -2.44 -3.02 -3.51 -6.69 -19.15 -19.15

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

33.47 5.51 9.70 10.51 11.15 12.85 14.96 14.96

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.309 0.549 0.602 0.644 0.759 0.899 0.899

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

3.98 7.27 7.49 7.63 6.17 -4.19 -4.19

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.944 1.79 1.75 1.70 0.609 -5.10 -5.10
10-B-36

Table 10-B.2.58 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.779 -0.033 -0.130 -0.201 -0.220 -0.305 -0.429 -0.831

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.341 0.038 0.099 0.106 0.089 0.144 0.190 0.279

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0087 0.021 0.028 0.036 0.047 0.056 0.072

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0053 -0.031 -0.094 -0.131 -0.161 -0.238 -0.553

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0049 -0.036 -0.069 -0.085 -0.111 -0.160 -0.338

Table 10-B.2.59 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.609 0.608 0.600 0.588 0.578 0.558 0.558 0.558

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 14.49 -0.166 -1.11 -2.79 -4.11 -7.30 -8.54 -16.01

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

29.84 2.00 5.13 7.74 10.15 13.96 16.12 19.09

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.184 0.467 0.707 0.936 1.30 1.49 1.74

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.83 4.02 4.95 6.05 6.66 7.58 3.08

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.541 1.04 1.000 1.08 0.643 0.684 -2.21
10-B-37

Table 10-B.2.60 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0076 -0.0012 -0.0018 -0.0027 -0.0034 -0.0070 -0.0070 -0.0070

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.014 0.0023 0.0042 0.0061 0.0072 0.0080 0.0080 0.0080

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0007 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0011 0.0023 0.0035 0.0038 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0001 0.0004 0.0006 0.0005 -0.0010 -0.0010 -0.0010

Table 10-B.2.61 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.034 0.033 0.032 0.032 0.031 0.029 0.029 0.029

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.536 -0.094 -0.125 -0.177 -0.222 -0.481 -0.481 -0.481

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

1.02 0.166 0.294 0.434 0.504 0.559 0.559 0.559

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.016 0.027 0.041 0.048 0.054 0.054 0.054

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.073 0.169 0.258 0.282 0.078 0.078 0.078

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0043 0.028 0.046 0.045 -0.071 -0.071 -0.071
10-B-38

Table 10-B.2.62 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.013 -0.0013 -0.0025 -0.0039 -0.0047 -0.0077 -0.012 -0.012

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.020 0.0020 0.0046 0.0075 0.0088 0.010 0.011 0.011

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0008 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0007 0.0021 0.0036 0.0041 0.0024 -0.0006 -0.0006

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0002 0.0004 0.0004 -0.0008 -0.0025 -0.0025

Table 10-B.2.63 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.177 0.173 0.170 0.167 0.165 0.161 0.161 0.161

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 3.15 -0.378 -0.670 -1.05 -1.19 -1.75 -3.28 -3.28

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

5.68 0.533 1.15 2.02 2.36 2.82 3.20 3.20

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.051 0.108 0.186 0.221 0.270 0.311 0.311

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.154 0.484 0.972 1.17 1.07 -0.076 -0.076

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.027 0.019 0.097 0.131 -0.012 -0.673 -0.673
10-B-39

Table 10-B.2.64 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0019 -0.0002 -0.0005 -0.0007 -0.0010 -0.0018 -0.0018 -0.0018

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0038 0.0005 0.0009 0.0014 0.0018 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002

Table 10-B.2.65 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.277 -0.035 -0.079 -0.107 -0.146 -0.268 -0.268 -0.268

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.555 0.069 0.134 0.206 0.274 0.322 0.322 0.322

Cumulative Source

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0066 0.012 0.019 0.026 0.031 0.031 0.031

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.034 0.055 0.100 0.128 0.054 0.054 0.054

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0038 0.0018 0.010 0.011 -0.036 -0.036 -0.036
10-B-40

10-B.2.3.2 7 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10-B.2.66 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

2.84 2.80 2.76 2.73 2.70 2.61 2.61 2.61

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 37.94 -3.28 -6.32 -9.47 -12.26 -20.01 -29.27 -33.35

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

35.45 4.13 9.78 12.08 13.72 16.01 17.62 18.58

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.869 2.02 2.60 3.05 3.68 4.10 4.37

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

6.76 18.85 20.02 19.79 11.96 -1.04 -5.93

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.851 3.46 2.61 1.45 -4.00 -11.66 -14.77

Table 10-B.2.67 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, High 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.98 1.95 1.92 1.90 1.88 1.83 1.83 1.83

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 28.08 -2.91 -5.23 -7.25 -9.25 -14.83 -22.61 -22.66

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

23.69 3.25 7.64 8.78 9.52 10.42 11.22 11.22

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.603 1.39 1.62 1.78 1.98 2.15 2.15

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

4.66 14.16 13.83 12.29 4.26 -8.43 -8.51

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.332 2.41 1.52 0.269 -4.41 -11.40 -11.44
10-B-41

Table 10-B.2.68 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.860 0.853 0.841 0.824 0.813 0.785 0.785 0.785

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 9.86 -0.363 -1.09 -2.22 -3.02 -5.18 -6.66 -10.69

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

11.76 0.881 2.14 3.30 4.20 5.59 6.40 7.36

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.266 0.636 0.982 1.27 1.70 1.94 2.21

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.10 4.70 6.19 7.50 7.70 7.40 2.58

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.518 1.05 1.08 1.18 0.410 -0.259 -3.33

Table 10-B.2.69 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.812 0.794 0.780 0.768 0.757 0.733 0.733 0.733

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 18.98 -2.13 -3.99 -5.71 -7.45 -11.42 -12.83 -12.87

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

13.21 1.52 4.60 5.49 6.02 6.40 6.53 6.54

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.293 0.836 1.02 1.14 1.23 1.25 1.26

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.684 6.89 6.34 4.66 -1.91 -4.24 -4.32

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.611 0.613 -0.226 -1.43 -5.02 -6.29 -6.34
10-B-42

Table 10-B.2.70 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.17 1.15 1.14 1.13 1.13 1.09 1.09 1.09

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 9.10 -0.781 -1.24 -1.54 -1.80 -3.42 -9.79 -9.79

Operating Cost

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

10.48 1.72 3.04 3.29 3.49 4.03 4.68 4.68

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.309 0.549 0.602 0.644 0.759 0.899 0.899

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

3.98 7.27 7.49 7.63 6.17 -4.19 -4.19

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.944 1.79 1.75 1.70 0.609 -5.10 -5.10

Table 10-B.2.71 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.399 -0.017 -0.067 -0.103 -0.113 -0.156 -0.219 -0.426

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.107 0.012 0.031 0.033 0.028 0.045 0.060 0.087

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0087 0.021 0.028 0.036 0.047 0.056 0.072

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0053 -0.031 -0.094 -0.131 -0.161 -0.238 -0.553

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0049 -0.036 -0.069 -0.085 -0.111 -0.160 -0.338
10-B-43

Table 10-B.2.72 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.609 0.608 0.600 0.588 0.578 0.558 0.558 0.558

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 7.42 -0.085 -0.570 -1.43 -2.10 -3.73 -4.37 -8.20

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

9.36 0.626 1.61 2.43 3.18 4.38 5.06 5.99

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.184 0.467 0.707 0.936 1.30 1.49 1.74

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.83 4.02 4.95 6.05 6.66 7.58 3.08

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.541 1.04 1.000 1.08 0.643 0.684 -2.21

Table 10-B.2.73 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0039 -0.0006 -0.0009 -0.0014 -0.0018 -0.0036 -0.0036 -0.0036

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0045 0.0007 0.0013 0.0019 0.0023 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0007 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0011 0.0023 0.0035 0.0038 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0001 0.0004 0.0006 0.0005 -0.0010 -0.0010 -0.0010
10-B-44

Table 10-B.2.74 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.034 0.033 0.032 0.032 0.031 0.029 0.029 0.029

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.274 -0.048 -0.064 -0.090 -0.113 -0.246 -0.246 -0.246

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.321 0.052 0.092 0.136 0.158 0.175 0.175 0.175

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.016 0.027 0.041 0.048 0.054 0.054 0.054

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.073 0.169 0.258 0.282 0.078 0.078 0.078

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0043 0.028 0.046 0.045 -0.071 -0.071 -0.071

Table 10-B.2.75 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0065 -0.0007 -0.0013 -0.0020 -0.0024 -0.0039 -0.0059 -0.0059

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0061 0.0006 0.0014 0.0024 0.0028 0.0032 0.0034 0.0034

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0008 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0007 0.0021 0.0036 0.0041 0.0024 -0.0006 -0.0006

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0002 0.0004 0.0004 -0.0008 -0.0025 -0.0025
10-B-45

Table 10-B.2.76 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.177 0.173 0.170 0.167 0.165 0.161 0.161 0.161

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 1.61 -0.194 -0.343 -0.538 -0.610 -0.897 -1.68 -1.68

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

1.78 0.167 0.362 0.635 0.740 0.885 1.00 1.00

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.051 0.108 0.186 0.221 0.270 0.311 0.311

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.154 0.484 0.972 1.17 1.07 -0.076 -0.076

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.027 0.019 0.097 0.131 -0.012 -0.673 -0.673

Table 10-B.2.77 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0010 -0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0005 -0.0009 -0.0009 -0.0009

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0012 0.0001 0.0003 0.0004 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002
10-B-46

Table 10-B.2.78 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.142 -0.018 -0.040 -0.055 -0.075 -0.137 -0.137 -0.137

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.174 0.022 0.042 0.065 0.086 0.101 0.101 0.101

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0066 0.012 0.019 0.026 0.031 0.031 0.031

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.034 0.055 0.100 0.128 0.054 0.054 0.054

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0038 0.0018 0.010 0.011 -0.036 -0.036 -0.036

10-B.2.4 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

0.0

3.0

6.0

9.0

12.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed and Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.2.10 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic 

Scenario
10-B-47

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.2.11 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 

Low Economic Scenario

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.2.12 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load 

Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low 

Economic Scenario
10-B-48

10-B.2.4.1 3 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10-B.2.79 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

2.84 2.83 2.83 2.82 2.82 2.80 2.80 2.80

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 74.21 -6.51 -12.72 -19.28 -25.24 -42.27 -61.56 -70.17

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

108.60 12.82 30.74 38.42 44.08 52.85 58.12 61.31

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.880 2.07 2.70 3.20 3.97 4.42 4.71

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

6.30 18.02 19.13 18.84 10.58 -3.44 -8.86

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.690 3.14 2.19 0.921 -5.03 -13.24 -16.65

Table 10-B.2.80 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent

Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.98 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.95 1.95

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 54.95 -5.79 -10.54 -14.78 -19.04 -31.28 -47.43 -47.53

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

72.63 10.10 24.06 27.92 30.55 34.29 36.86 36.88

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.612 1.42 1.68 1.87 2.13 2.31 2.31

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

4.31 13.52 13.14 11.51 3.01 -10.56 -10.65

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.205 2.16 1.20 -0.151 -5.24 -12.68 -12.73
10-B-49

Table 10-B.2.81 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price

Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.860 0.859 0.858 0.856 0.855 0.852 0.852 0.852

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 19.26 -0.721 -2.17 -4.51 -6.20 -10.99 -14.13 -22.64

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

35.98 2.72 6.67 10.50 13.53 18.56 21.25 24.43

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.268 0.649 1.02 1.33 1.84 2.11 2.40

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.00 4.50 5.99 7.32 7.57 7.12 1.79

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.484 0.982 0.989 1.07 0.204 -0.559 -3.92

Table 10-B.2.82 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.812 0.808 0.805 0.803 0.800 0.795 0.795 0.795

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 37.15 -4.24 -8.05 -11.68 -15.42 -24.23 -27.22 -27.32

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

40.50 4.74 14.55 17.57 19.53 21.27 21.71 21.73

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.298 0.863 1.06 1.20 1.33 1.36 1.36

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.497 6.50 5.89 4.11 -2.96 -5.51 -5.59

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.683 0.447 -0.461 -1.76 -5.71 -7.10 -7.15
10-B-50

Table 10-B.2.83 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.17 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.15 1.15

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 17.80 -1.55 -2.49 -3.10 -3.62 -7.05 -20.21 -20.21

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

32.13 5.36 9.51 10.35 11.02 13.02 15.15 15.15

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.314 0.561 0.617 0.664 0.800 0.949 0.949

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

3.81 7.02 7.25 7.40 5.97 -5.06 -5.06

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.888 1.71 1.66 1.61 0.477 -5.58 -5.58

Table 10-B.2.84 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.779 -0.033 -0.134 -0.209 -0.231 -0.325 -0.457 -0.886

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.328 0.037 0.098 0.107 0.090 0.147 0.194 0.285

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0088 0.022 0.029 0.038 0.050 0.059 0.077

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0037 -0.036 -0.103 -0.141 -0.178 -0.262 -0.601

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0054 -0.038 -0.074 -0.090 -0.120 -0.173 -0.364
10-B-51

Table 10-B.2.85 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.609 0.609 0.608 0.607 0.606 0.604 0.604 0.604

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 14.49 -0.167 -1.13 -2.88 -4.31 -7.90 -9.24 -17.32

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

28.64 1.92 4.99 7.68 10.22 14.50 16.74 19.83

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.184 0.474 0.731 0.981 1.40 1.61 1.88

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.75 3.86 4.79 5.91 6.60 7.50 2.50

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.518 0.989 0.935 1.00 0.510 0.526 -2.64

Table 10-B.2.86 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0076 -0.0012 -0.0019 -0.0028 -0.0037 -0.0079 -0.0079 -0.0079

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.014 0.0023 0.0042 0.0062 0.0074 0.0088 0.0088 0.0088

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0007 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0010 0.0023 0.0034 0.0038 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0001 0.0003 0.0005 0.0005 -0.0013 -0.0013 -0.0013
10-B-52

Table 10-B.2.87 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.034 0.034 0.034 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.536 -0.096 -0.130 -0.186 -0.237 -0.547 -0.547 -0.547

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.983 0.165 0.294 0.440 0.517 0.610 0.610 0.610

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.016 0.028 0.043 0.051 0.061 0.061 0.061

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.068 0.164 0.254 0.280 0.063 0.063 0.063

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0023 0.026 0.043 0.041 -0.089 -0.089 -0.089

Table 10-B.2.88 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.013 -0.0013 -0.0026 -0.0041 -0.0050 -0.0084 -0.013 -0.013

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.019 0.0020 0.0046 0.0076 0.0090 0.011 0.011 0.011

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0007 0.0020 0.0035 0.0040 0.0022 -0.0012 -0.0012

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0001 0.0001 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0010 -0.0029 -0.0029
10-B-53

Table 10-B.2.89 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.177 0.177 0.176 0.176 0.176 0.175 0.175 0.175

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 3.15 -0.386 -0.695 -1.11 -1.27 -1.91 -3.57 -3.57

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

5.46 0.522 1.15 2.05 2.41 2.95 3.35 3.35

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.052 0.112 0.196 0.234 0.294 0.339 0.339

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.136 0.453 0.941 1.14 1.04 -0.222 -0.222

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.034 0.0049 0.076 0.108 -0.051 -0.776 -0.776

Table 10-B.2.90 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0019 -0.0002 -0.0006 -0.0008 -0.0011 -0.0020 -0.0020 -0.0020

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0037 0.0005 0.0009 0.0014 0.0019 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003
10-B-54

Table 10-B.2.91 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.277 -0.036 -0.081 -0.112 -0.155 -0.294 -0.294 -0.294

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.533 0.068 0.133 0.208 0.280 0.339 0.339 0.339

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0067 0.012 0.020 0.027 0.034 0.034 0.034

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.032 0.052 0.096 0.124 0.045 0.045 0.045

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0031 0.0001 0.0080 0.0083 -0.044 -0.044 -0.044

10-B.2.4.2 7 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10-B.2.92 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

2.84 2.83 2.83 2.82 2.82 2.80 2.80 2.80

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 37.94 -3.33 -6.50 -9.86 -12.90 -21.61 -31.47 -35.88

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

34.06 4.02 9.64 12.05 13.82 16.58 18.23 19.23

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.880 2.07 2.70 3.20 3.97 4.42 4.71

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

6.30 18.02 19.13 18.84 10.58 -3.44 -8.86

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.690 3.14 2.19 0.921 -5.03 -13.24 -16.65
10-B-55

Table 10-B.2.93 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent

Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.98 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.95 1.95

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 28.08 -2.96 -5.39 -7.55 -9.73 -15.99 -24.24 -24.29

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

22.77 3.17 7.54 8.75 9.58 10.75 11.56 11.56

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.612 1.42 1.68 1.87 2.13 2.31 2.31

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

4.31 13.52 13.14 11.51 3.01 -10.56 -10.65

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.205 2.16 1.20 -0.151 -5.24 -12.68 -12.73

Table 10-B.2.94 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.860 0.859 0.858 0.856 0.855 0.852 0.852 0.852

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 9.86 -0.369 -1.11 -2.31 -3.18 -5.62 -7.23 -11.59

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

11.30 0.853 2.10 3.30 4.25 5.83 6.67 7.67

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.268 0.649 1.02 1.33 1.84 2.11 2.40

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.00 4.50 5.99 7.32 7.57 7.12 1.79

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.484 0.982 0.989 1.07 0.204 -0.559 -3.92
10-B-56

Table 10-B.2.95 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.812 0.808 0.805 0.803 0.800 0.795 0.795 0.795

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 18.98 -2.17 -4.12 -5.97 -7.88 -12.38 -13.91 -13.96

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

12.70 1.49 4.56 5.51 6.12 6.67 6.81 6.81

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.298 0.863 1.06 1.20 1.33 1.36 1.36

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.497 6.50 5.89 4.11 -2.96 -5.51 -5.59

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.683 0.447 -0.461 -1.76 -5.71 -7.10 -7.15

Table 10-B.2.96 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.17 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.15 1.15

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 9.10 -0.792 -1.27 -1.58 -1.85 -3.60 -10.33 -10.33

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

10.07 1.68 2.98 3.25 3.46 4.08 4.75 4.75

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.314 0.561 0.617 0.664 0.800 0.949 0.949

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

3.81 7.02 7.25 7.40 5.97 -5.06 -5.06

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.888 1.71 1.66 1.61 0.477 -5.58 -5.58
10-B-57

Table 10-B.2.97 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.399 -0.017 -0.069 -0.107 -0.118 -0.166 -0.234 -0.453

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.103 0.012 0.031 0.033 0.028 0.046 0.061 0.089

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0088 0.022 0.029 0.038 0.050 0.059 0.077

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0037 -0.036 -0.103 -0.141 -0.178 -0.262 -0.601

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0054 -0.038 -0.074 -0.090 -0.120 -0.173 -0.364

Table 10-B.2.98 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.609 0.609 0.608 0.607 0.606 0.604 0.604 0.604

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 7.42 -0.085 -0.578 -1.48 -2.20 -4.04 -4.73 -8.87

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

8.99 0.603 1.57 2.41 3.21 4.55 5.26 6.22

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.184 0.474 0.731 0.981 1.40 1.61 1.88

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.75 3.86 4.79 5.91 6.60 7.50 2.50

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.518 0.989 0.935 1.00 0.510 0.526 -2.64
10-B-58

Table 10-B.2.99 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0039 -0.0006 -0.0010 -0.0014 -0.0019 -0.0041 -0.0041 -0.0041

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0044 0.0007 0.0013 0.0020 0.0023 0.0028 0.0028 0.0028

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0007 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0010 0.0023 0.0034 0.0038 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0001 0.0003 0.0005 0.0005 -0.0013 -0.0013 -0.0013

Table 10-B.2.100 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.034 0.034 0.034 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.274 -0.049 -0.067 -0.095 -0.121 -0.280 -0.280 -0.280

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.308 0.052 0.092 0.138 0.162 0.191 0.191 0.191

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.016 0.028 0.043 0.051 0.061 0.061 0.061

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.068 0.164 0.254 0.280 0.063 0.063 0.063

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0023 0.026 0.043 0.041 -0.089 -0.089 -0.089
10-B-59

Table 10-B.2.101 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0065 -0.0007 -0.0013 -0.0021 -0.0026 -0.0043 -0.0065 -0.0065

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0059 0.0006 0.0014 0.0024 0.0028 0.0034 0.0036 0.0036

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0007 0.0020 0.0035 0.0040 0.0022 -0.0012 -0.0012

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0001 0.0001 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0010 -0.0029 -0.0029

Table 10-B.2.102 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.177 0.177 0.176 0.176 0.176 0.175 0.175 0.175

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 1.61 -0.198 -0.355 -0.568 -0.648 -0.977 -1.83 -1.83

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

1.71 0.164 0.360 0.644 0.756 0.926 1.05 1.05

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.052 0.112 0.196 0.234 0.294 0.339 0.339

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.136 0.453 0.941 1.14 1.04 -0.222 -0.222

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.034 0.0049 0.076 0.108 -0.051 -0.776 -0.776
10-B-60

Table 10-B.2.103 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0010 -0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0005 -0.0010 -0.0010 -0.0010

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0012 0.0001 0.0003 0.0005 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003

Table 10-B.2.104 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.142 -0.018 -0.042 -0.057 -0.080 -0.150 -0.150 -0.150

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.167 0.021 0.042 0.065 0.088 0.106 0.106 0.106

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0067 0.012 0.020 0.027 0.034 0.034 0.034

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.032 0.052 0.096 0.124 0.045 0.045 0.045

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0031 0.0001 0.0080 0.0083 -0.044 -0.044 -0.044
10-B-61

10-B.2.5 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

0.0

3.0

6.0

9.0

12.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed and Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.2.13 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic 

Scenario

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.2.14 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 

High Economic Scenario
10-B-62

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.2.15 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load 

Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High 

Economic Scenario

10-B.2.5.1 3 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10-B.2.105 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

2.84 2.83 2.83 2.82 2.82 2.80 2.80 2.80

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 74.21 -6.51 -12.72 -19.28 -25.24 -42.27 -61.56 -70.17

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

128.02 15.11 36.24 45.29 51.96 62.31 68.51 72.27

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.880 2.07 2.70 3.20 3.97 4.42 4.71

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

8.59 23.52 26.00 26.72 20.03 6.95 2.10

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.29 4.58 3.99 2.99 -2.55 -10.51 -13.77
10-B-63

Table 10-B.2.106 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent

Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.98 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.95 1.95

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 54.95 -5.79 -10.54 -14.78 -19.04 -31.28 -47.43 -47.53

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

85.62 11.90 28.37 32.91 36.01 40.42 43.45 43.48

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.612 1.42 1.68 1.87 2.13 2.31 2.31

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

6.11 17.83 18.14 16.98 9.14 -3.97 -4.05

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.679 3.29 2.51 1.28 -3.63 -10.95 -11.00

Table 10-B.2.107 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.860 0.859 0.858 0.856 0.855 0.852 0.852 0.852

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 19.26 -0.721 -2.17 -4.51 -6.20 -10.99 -14.13 -22.64

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

42.41 3.20 7.87 12.37 15.95 21.88 25.05 28.79

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.268 0.649 1.02 1.33 1.84 2.11 2.40

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.48 5.69 7.87 9.74 10.89 10.92 6.15

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.612 1.30 1.48 1.71 1.08 0.438 -2.77
10-B-64

Table 10-B.2.108 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.812 0.808 0.805 0.803 0.800 0.795 0.795 0.795

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 37.15 -4.24 -8.05 -11.68 -15.42 -24.23 -27.22 -27.32

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

47.74 5.59 17.16 20.71 23.02 25.08 25.60 25.62

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.298 0.863 1.06 1.20 1.33 1.36 1.36

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.35 9.10 9.03 7.60 0.848 -1.62 -1.70

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.460 1.13 0.363 -0.841 -4.72 -6.08 -6.13

Table 10-B.2.109 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.17 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.15 1.15

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 17.80 -1.55 -2.49 -3.10 -3.62 -7.05 -20.21 -20.21

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

37.87 6.32 11.21 12.20 12.99 15.35 17.86 17.86

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.314 0.561 0.617 0.664 0.800 0.949 0.949

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

4.77 8.72 9.10 9.37 8.29 -2.35 -2.35

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.14 2.16 2.15 2.12 1.09 -4.87 -4.87
10-B-65

Table 10-B.2.110 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.779 -0.033 -0.134 -0.209 -0.231 -0.325 -0.457 -0.886

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.386 0.044 0.115 0.126 0.106 0.174 0.229 0.336

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0088 0.022 0.029 0.038 0.050 0.059 0.077

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.010 -0.019 -0.084 -0.125 -0.151 -0.227 -0.550

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0037 -0.033 -0.069 -0.086 -0.113 -0.163 -0.350

Table 10-B.2.111 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.609 0.609 0.608 0.607 0.606 0.604 0.604 0.604

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 14.49 -0.167 -1.13 -2.88 -4.31 -7.90 -9.24 -17.32

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

33.76 2.26 5.88 9.05 12.04 17.09 19.73 23.37

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.184 0.474 0.731 0.981 1.40 1.61 1.88

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.10 4.75 6.17 7.73 9.19 10.49 6.04

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.608 1.22 1.30 1.48 1.19 1.31 -1.71
10-B-66

Table 10-B.2.112 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0076 -0.0012 -0.0019 -0.0028 -0.0037 -0.0079 -0.0079 -0.0079

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.016 0.0027 0.0049 0.0073 0.0088 0.010 0.010 0.010

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0007 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0015 0.0030 0.0045 0.0051 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0002 0.0005 0.0008 0.0008 -0.0009 -0.0009 -0.0009

Table 10-B.2.113 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.034 0.034 0.034 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.536 -0.096 -0.130 -0.186 -0.237 -0.547 -0.547 -0.547

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

1.16 0.194 0.346 0.519 0.609 0.718 0.718 0.718

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.016 0.028 0.043 0.051 0.061 0.061 0.061

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.098 0.216 0.332 0.372 0.172 0.172 0.172

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.010 0.039 0.063 0.065 -0.060 -0.060 -0.060
10-B-67

Table 10-B.2.114 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.013 -0.0013 -0.0026 -0.0041 -0.0050 -0.0084 -0.013 -0.013

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.022 0.0023 0.0054 0.0090 0.011 0.013 0.014 0.014

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0010 0.0028 0.0049 0.0056 0.0041 0.0009 0.0009

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0003 0.0006 0.0007 -0.0005 -0.0023 -0.0023

Table 10-B.2.115 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.177 0.177 0.176 0.176 0.176 0.175 0.175 0.175

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 3.15 -0.386 -0.695 -1.11 -1.27 -1.91 -3.57 -3.57

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

6.43 0.615 1.35 2.42 2.84 3.48 3.95 3.95

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.052 0.112 0.196 0.234 0.294 0.339 0.339

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.229 0.658 1.31 1.57 1.57 0.376 0.376

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0093 0.059 0.172 0.221 0.088 -0.619 -0.619
10-B-68

Table 10-B.2.116 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0019 -0.0002 -0.0006 -0.0008 -0.0011 -0.0020 -0.0020 -0.0020

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0043 0.0006 0.0011 0.0017 0.0023 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0003 0.0005 0.0009 0.0012 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002

Table 10-B.2.117 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.277 -0.036 -0.081 -0.112 -0.155 -0.294 -0.294 -0.294

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.628 0.080 0.157 0.245 0.330 0.400 0.400 0.400

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0067 0.012 0.020 0.027 0.034 0.034 0.034

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.044 0.075 0.133 0.174 0.106 0.106 0.106

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0062 0.0064 0.018 0.021 -0.028 -0.028 -0.028
10-B-69

10-B.2.5.2 7 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10-B.2.118 All Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

2.84 2.83 2.83 2.82 2.82 2.80 2.80 2.80

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 37.94 -3.33 -6.50 -9.86 -12.90 -21.61 -31.47 -35.88

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

39.16 4.62 11.08 13.85 15.89 19.06 20.96 22.11

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.880 2.07 2.70 3.20 3.97 4.42 4.71

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

8.59 23.52 26.00 26.72 20.03 6.95 2.10

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.29 4.58 3.99 2.99 -2.55 -10.51 -13.77

Table 10-B.2.119 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent

Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.98 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.95 1.95

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 28.08 -2.96 -5.39 -7.55 -9.73 -15.99 -24.24 -24.29

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

26.17 3.64 8.67 10.06 11.01 12.36 13.28 13.29

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.612 1.42 1.68 1.87 2.13 2.31 2.31

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

6.11 17.83 18.14 16.98 9.14 -3.97 -4.05

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.679 3.29 2.51 1.28 -3.63 -10.95 -11.00
10-B-70

Table 10-B.2.120 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.860 0.859 0.858 0.856 0.855 0.852 0.852 0.852

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 9.86 -0.369 -1.11 -2.31 -3.18 -5.62 -7.23 -11.59

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

12.98 0.981 2.41 3.79 4.88 6.70 7.67 8.82

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.268 0.649 1.02 1.33 1.84 2.11 2.40

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.48 5.69 7.87 9.74 10.89 10.92 6.15

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.612 1.30 1.48 1.71 1.08 0.438 -2.77

Table 10-B.2.121 Equipment Class 1, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.812 0.808 0.805 0.803 0.800 0.795 0.795 0.795

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 18.98 -2.17 -4.12 -5.97 -7.88 -12.38 -13.91 -13.96

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

14.60 1.71 5.25 6.33 7.04 7.67 7.83 7.83

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.298 0.863 1.06 1.20 1.33 1.36 1.36

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.35 9.10 9.03 7.60 0.848 -1.62 -1.70

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.460 1.13 0.363 -0.841 -4.72 -6.08 -6.13
10-B-71

Table 10-B.2.122 Equipment Class 2, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.17 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.15 1.15

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 9.10 -0.792 -1.27 -1.58 -1.85 -3.60 -10.33 -10.33

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

11.58 1.93 3.43 3.73 3.97 4.69 5.46 5.46

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.314 0.561 0.617 0.664 0.800 0.949 0.949

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

4.77 8.72 9.10 9.37 8.29 -2.35 -2.35

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.14 2.16 2.15 2.12 1.09 -4.87 -4.87

Table 10-B.2.123 Equipment Class 3, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.399 -0.017 -0.069 -0.107 -0.118 -0.166 -0.234 -0.453

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.118 0.013 0.035 0.038 0.032 0.053 0.070 0.103

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0088 0.022 0.029 0.038 0.050 0.059 0.077

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.010 -0.019 -0.084 -0.125 -0.151 -0.227 -0.550

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0037 -0.033 -0.069 -0.086 -0.113 -0.163 -0.350
10-B-72

Table 10-B.2.124 Equipment Class 4, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.609 0.609 0.608 0.607 0.606 0.604 0.604 0.604

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 7.42 -0.085 -0.578 -1.48 -2.20 -4.04 -4.73 -8.87

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

10.34 0.693 1.80 2.77 3.69 5.23 6.04 7.16

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.184 0.474 0.731 0.981 1.40 1.61 1.88

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.10 4.75 6.17 7.73 9.19 10.49 6.04

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.608 1.22 1.30 1.48 1.19 1.31 -1.71

Table 10-B.2.125 Equipment Class 5, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0039 -0.0006 -0.0010 -0.0014 -0.0019 -0.0041 -0.0041 -0.0041

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0050 0.0008 0.0015 0.0022 0.0027 0.0032 0.0032 0.0032

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0007 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0015 0.0030 0.0045 0.0051 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0002 0.0005 0.0008 0.0008 -0.0009 -0.0009 -0.0009
10-B-73

Table 10-B.2.126 Equipment Class 6, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.034 0.034 0.034 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.274 -0.049 -0.067 -0.095 -0.121 -0.280 -0.280 -0.280

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.355 0.059 0.106 0.159 0.187 0.220 0.220 0.220

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.016 0.028 0.043 0.051 0.061 0.061 0.061

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.098 0.216 0.332 0.372 0.172 0.172 0.172

Net Present Value at

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.010 0.039 0.063 0.065 -0.060 -0.060 -0.060

Table 10-B.2.127 Equipment Class 7, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0065 -0.0007 -0.0013 -0.0021 -0.0026 -0.0043 -0.0065 -0.0065

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0068 0.0007 0.0017 0.0028 0.0032 0.0039 0.0041 0.0041

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0010 0.0028 0.0049 0.0056 0.0041 0.0009 0.0009

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0003 0.0006 0.0007 -0.0005 -0.0023 -0.0023
10-B-74

Table 10-B.2.128 Equipment Class 8, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.177 0.177 0.176 0.176 0.176 0.175 0.175 0.175

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 1.61 -0.198 -0.355 -0.568 -0.648 -0.977 -1.83 -1.83

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

1.97 0.188 0.414 0.740 0.869 1.06 1.21 1.21

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.052 0.112 0.196 0.234 0.294 0.339 0.339

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.229 0.658 1.31 1.57 1.57 0.376 0.376

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0093 0.059 0.172 0.221 0.088 -0.619 -0.619

Table 10-B.2.129 Equipment Class 9, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0010 -0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0005 -0.0010 -0.0010 -0.0010

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0013 0.0002 0.0003 0.0005 0.0007 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0003 0.0005 0.0009 0.0012 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002
10-B-75

Table 10-B.2.130 Equipment Class 10, 0 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.142 -0.018 -0.042 -0.057 -0.080 -0.150 -0.150 -0.150

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.192 0.024 0.048 0.075 0.101 0.122 0.122 0.122

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0067 0.012 0.020 0.027 0.034 0.034 0.034

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.044 0.075 0.133 0.174 0.106 0.106 0.106

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0062 0.0064 0.018 0.021 -0.028 -0.028 -0.028

10-B.3 1 PERCENT LOAD GROWTH, LIQUID IMMERSED (0 PERCENT DRYTYPE)

10-B.3.1 Low Price Elasticity Scenario

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

0.0

3.0

6.0

9.0

12.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed and Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.3.1 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Low Price Elasticity Scenario
10-B-76

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.3.2 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent

Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity Scenario

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.3.3 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load 

Growth, Low Price Elasticity Scenario
10-B-77

10-B.3.1.1 3 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10-B.3.1 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 74.21 -6.54 -12.80 -19.46 -25.53 -42.98 -62.54 -71.23

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

123.52 13.83 31.35 40.96 48.46 60.22 67.18 70.55

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.899 2.05 2.75 3.31 4.19 4.69 4.99

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

7.29 18.55 21.50 22.93 17.24 4.64 -0.688

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.952 3.35 2.83 1.96 -3.47 -11.41 -14.80

Table 10-B.3.2 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 54.95 -5.82 -10.62 -14.93 -19.29 -31.89 -48.28 -48.39

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

86.04 10.99 24.39 29.98 34.28 40.70 44.84 44.87

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.631 1.40 1.72 1.97 2.33 2.57 2.57

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

5.18 13.77 15.05 15.00 8.81 -3.45 -3.52

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.433 2.28 1.71 0.704 -3.92 -11.12 -11.16
10-B-78

Table 10-B.3.3 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 19.26 -0.723 -2.18 -4.53 -6.24 -11.09 -14.26 -22.85

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

37.48 2.83 6.97 10.98 14.17 19.52 22.34 25.68

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.268 0.650 1.03 1.34 1.86 2.12 2.42

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.11 4.79 6.45 7.93 8.43 8.08 2.83

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.519 1.07 1.13 1.25 0.445 -0.291 -3.64

Table 10-B.3.4 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 37.15 -4.26 -8.12 -11.81 -15.64 -24.74 -27.79 -27.90

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

47.77 5.77 14.87 19.23 22.48 25.77 26.49 26.52

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.330 0.854 1.10 1.29 1.48 1.52 1.52

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.50 6.75 7.42 6.84 1.03 -1.31 -1.38

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.441 0.542 -0.075 -1.11 -4.84 -6.20 -6.24
10-B-79

Table 10-B.3.5 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 17.80 -1.55 -2.50 -3.12 -3.65 -7.15 -20.49 -20.49

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

38.27 5.23 9.52 10.75 11.80 14.94 18.35 18.35

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.300 0.547 0.617 0.678 0.857 1.05 1.05

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

3.67 7.02 7.63 8.16 7.78 -2.14 -2.14

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.874 1.74 1.78 1.81 0.922 -4.92 -4.92

Table 10-B.3.6 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.779 -0.033 -0.135 -0.210 -0.232 -0.328 -0.460 -0.892

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.341 0.039 0.102 0.112 0.094 0.155 0.204 0.299

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0088 0.022 0.030 0.038 0.050 0.060 0.077

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0053 -0.032 -0.099 -0.138 -0.173 -0.256 -0.593

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0050 -0.037 -0.073 -0.089 -0.119 -0.171 -0.363
10-B-80

Table 10-B.3.7 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 14.49 -0.167 -1.13 -2.89 -4.33 -7.96 -9.32 -17.48

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

29.84 2.00 5.21 8.03 10.70 15.23 17.59 20.84

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.184 0.474 0.734 0.986 1.42 1.62 1.90

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.84 4.08 5.13 6.37 7.27 8.27 3.36

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.543 1.05 1.04 1.14 0.702 0.747 -2.41

Table 10-B.3.8 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0076 -0.0012 -0.0019 -0.0028 -0.0037 -0.0080 -0.0080 -0.0080

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.014 0.0024 0.0044 0.0065 0.0078 0.0093 0.0093 0.0093

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0011 0.0024 0.0037 0.0041 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0001 0.0004 0.0006 0.0006 -0.0012 -0.0012 -0.0012
10-B-81

Table 10-B.3.9 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.536 -0.097 -0.131 -0.187 -0.239 -0.555 -0.555 -0.555

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

1.02 0.172 0.308 0.461 0.542 0.644 0.644 0.644

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.016 0.028 0.043 0.052 0.062 0.062 0.062

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.075 0.177 0.274 0.304 0.089 0.089 0.089

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0044 0.030 0.049 0.048 -0.082 -0.082 -0.082

Table 10-B.3.10 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.013 -0.0013 -0.0026 -0.0041 -0.0050 -0.0085 -0.013 -0.013

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.020 0.0020 0.0048 0.0080 0.0094 0.011 0.012 0.012

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0011 0.0012 0.0012

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0007 0.0022 0.0039 0.0044 0.0027 -0.0007 -0.0007

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0002 0.0004 0.0004 -0.0008 -0.0028 -0.0028
10-B-82

Table 10-B.3.11 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.177 0.177 0.177 0.177 0.177 0.177 0.177 0.177

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 3.15 -0.387 -0.697 -1.12 -1.27 -1.93 -3.60 -3.60

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

5.68 0.545 1.20 2.15 2.53 3.10 3.52 3.52

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.052 0.112 0.197 0.236 0.297 0.342 0.342

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.158 0.503 1.03 1.25 1.18 -0.083 -0.083

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.027 0.020 0.103 0.140 -0.013 -0.740 -0.740

Table 10-B.3.12 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0019 -0.0002 -0.0006 -0.0008 -0.0011 -0.0020 -0.0020 -0.0020

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0038 0.0005 0.0010 0.0015 0.0020 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003
10-B-83

Table 10-B.3.13 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.277 -0.036 -0.082 -0.113 -0.157 -0.297 -0.297 -0.297

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.555 0.071 0.139 0.218 0.293 0.357 0.357 0.357

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0067 0.013 0.020 0.028 0.034 0.034 0.034

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.035 0.057 0.105 0.137 0.060 0.060 0.060

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0039 0.0018 0.011 0.012 -0.040 -0.040 -0.040

10-B.3.1.2 7 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10-B.3.14 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84 2.84

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 37.94 -3.34 -6.54 -9.95 -13.05 -21.97 -31.97 -36.42

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

37.82 4.30 9.90 12.78 15.01 18.50 20.56 21.62

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.899 2.05 2.75 3.31 4.19 4.69 4.99

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

7.29 18.55 21.50 22.93 17.24 4.64 -0.688

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.952 3.35 2.83 1.96 -3.47 -11.41 -14.80
10-B-84

Table 10-B.3.15 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 28.08 -2.97 -5.43 -7.63 -9.86 -16.30 -24.67 -24.73

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

26.07 3.41 7.71 9.34 10.56 12.38 13.55 13.56

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.631 1.40 1.72 1.97 2.33 2.57 2.57

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

5.18 13.77 15.05 15.00 8.81 -3.45 -3.52

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.433 2.28 1.71 0.704 -3.92 -11.12 -11.16

Table 10-B.3.16 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860 0.860

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 9.86 -0.370 -1.12 -2.32 -3.19 -5.68 -7.30 -11.69

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

11.76 0.889 2.19 3.44 4.45 6.12 7.01 8.05

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.268 0.650 1.03 1.34 1.86 2.12 2.42

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.11 4.79 6.45 7.93 8.43 8.08 2.83

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.519 1.07 1.13 1.25 0.445 -0.291 -3.64
10-B-85

Table 10-B.3.17 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812 0.812

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 18.98 -2.18 -4.15 -6.04 -7.99 -12.64 -14.20 -14.26

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

14.49 1.74 4.69 5.96 6.88 7.80 8.01 8.02

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.330 0.854 1.10 1.29 1.48 1.52 1.52

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.50 6.75 7.42 6.84 1.03 -1.31 -1.38

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.441 0.542 -0.075 -1.11 -4.84 -6.20 -6.24

Table 10-B.3.18 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 9.10 -0.794 -1.28 -1.59 -1.86 -3.66 -10.47 -10.47

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

11.58 1.67 3.02 3.38 3.68 4.58 5.55 5.55

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.300 0.547 0.617 0.678 0.857 1.05 1.05

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

3.67 7.02 7.63 8.16 7.78 -2.14 -2.14

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.874 1.74 1.78 1.81 0.922 -4.92 -4.92
10-B-86

Table 10-B.3.19 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.399 -0.017 -0.069 -0.108 -0.119 -0.168 -0.235 -0.456

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.107 0.012 0.032 0.035 0.029 0.049 0.064 0.094

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0088 0.022 0.030 0.038 0.050 0.060 0.077

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0053 -0.032 -0.099 -0.138 -0.173 -0.256 -0.593

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0050 -0.037 -0.073 -0.089 -0.119 -0.171 -0.363

Table 10-B.3.20 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609 0.609

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 7.42 -0.085 -0.579 -1.48 -2.22 -4.08 -4.77 -8.95

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

9.36 0.628 1.63 2.52 3.36 4.78 5.52 6.54

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.184 0.474 0.734 0.986 1.42 1.62 1.90

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.84 4.08 5.13 6.37 7.27 8.27 3.36

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.543 1.05 1.04 1.14 0.702 0.747 -2.41
10-B-87

Table 10-B.3.21 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0039 -0.0006 -0.0010 -0.0014 -0.0019 -0.0041 -0.0041 -0.0041

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0045 0.0007 0.0014 0.0020 0.0025 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0008 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0011 0.0024 0.0037 0.0041 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0001 0.0004 0.0006 0.0006 -0.0012 -0.0012 -0.0012

Table 10-B.3.22 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034 0.034

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.274 -0.050 -0.067 -0.096 -0.122 -0.284 -0.284 -0.284

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.321 0.054 0.096 0.145 0.170 0.202 0.202 0.202

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.016 0.028 0.043 0.052 0.062 0.062 0.062

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.075 0.177 0.274 0.304 0.089 0.089 0.089

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0044 0.030 0.049 0.048 -0.082 -0.082 -0.082
10-B-88

Table 10-B.3.23 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0065 -0.0007 -0.0013 -0.0021 -0.0026 -0.0044 -0.0065 -0.0065

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0061 0.0006 0.0015 0.0025 0.0030 0.0035 0.0038 0.0038

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0011 0.0012 0.0012

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0007 0.0022 0.0039 0.0044 0.0027 -0.0007 -0.0007

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0002 0.0004 0.0004 -0.0008 -0.0028 -0.0028

Table 10-B.3.24 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.177 0.177 0.177 0.177 0.177 0.177 0.177 0.177

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 1.61 -0.198 -0.357 -0.572 -0.652 -0.987 -1.85 -1.85

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

1.78 0.171 0.377 0.674 0.792 0.973 1.10 1.10

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.052 0.112 0.197 0.236 0.297 0.342 0.342

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.158 0.503 1.03 1.25 1.18 -0.083 -0.083

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.027 0.020 0.103 0.140 -0.013 -0.740 -0.740
10-B-89

Table 10-B.3.25 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0010 -0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0006 -0.0010 -0.0010 -0.0010

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0012 0.0002 0.0003 0.0005 0.0006 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003

Table 10-B.3.26 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Low Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.142 -0.018 -0.042 -0.058 -0.080 -0.152 -0.152 -0.152

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.174 0.022 0.044 0.068 0.092 0.112 0.112 0.112

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0067 0.013 0.020 0.028 0.034 0.034 0.034

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.035 0.057 0.105 0.137 0.060 0.060 0.060

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0039 0.0018 0.011 0.012 -0.040 -0.040 -0.040
10-B-90

10-B.3.2 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

0.0

3.0

6.0

9.0

12.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed and Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.3.4 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.3.5 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario
10-B-91

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.3.6 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load 

Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario

10-B.3.2.1 3 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10-B.3.27 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

2.84 2.83 2.83 2.82 2.82 2.80 2.80 2.80

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 74.21 -6.51 -12.72 -19.28 -25.24 -42.27 -61.56 -70.17

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

123.52 13.78 31.17 40.63 47.97 59.30 66.18 69.52

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.896 2.04 2.73 3.28 4.14 4.63 4.92

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

7.27 18.45 21.34 22.73 17.03 4.62 -0.656

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.951 3.34 2.82 1.95 -3.39 -11.21 -14.57
10-B-92

Table 10-B.3.28 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.98 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.95 1.95

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 54.95 -5.79 -10.54 -14.78 -19.04 -31.28 -47.43 -47.53

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

86.04 10.95 24.21 29.69 33.87 39.97 44.04 44.06

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.628 1.39 1.70 1.94 2.29 2.52 2.53

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

5.16 13.67 14.92 14.84 8.68 -3.39 -3.46

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.432 2.27 1.70 0.706 -3.83 -10.92 -10.97

Table 10-B.3.29 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.860 0.859 0.858 0.856 0.855 0.852 0.852 0.852

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 19.26 -0.721 -2.17 -4.51 -6.20 -10.99 -14.13 -22.64

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

37.48 2.83 6.95 10.94 14.09 19.34 22.14 25.45

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.268 0.649 1.02 1.33 1.84 2.11 2.40

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.11 4.78 6.43 7.89 8.35 8.01 2.81

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.519 1.07 1.12 1.24 0.441 -0.288 -3.61
10-B-93

Table 10-B.3.30 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.812 0.808 0.805 0.803 0.800 0.795 0.795 0.795

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 37.15 -4.24 -8.05 -11.68 -15.42 -24.23 -27.22 -27.32

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

47.77 5.74 14.75 19.01 22.16 25.23 25.94 25.97

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.329 0.847 1.09 1.27 1.45 1.49 1.49

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.50 6.69 7.34 6.74 1.01 -1.28 -1.35

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.439 0.537 -0.074 -1.09 -4.74 -6.07 -6.11

Table 10-B.3.31 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.17 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.15 1.15

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 17.80 -1.55 -2.49 -3.10 -3.62 -7.05 -20.21 -20.21

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

38.27 5.21 9.47 10.68 11.72 14.73 18.10 18.10

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.299 0.544 0.613 0.673 0.845 1.04 1.04

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

3.66 6.98 7.58 8.10 7.68 -2.11 -2.11

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.871 1.73 1.77 1.80 0.910 -4.86 -4.86
10-B-94

Table 10-B.3.32 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.779 -0.033 -0.134 -0.209 -0.231 -0.325 -0.457 -0.886

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.341 0.039 0.102 0.111 0.093 0.154 0.203 0.297

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0088 0.022 0.029 0.038 0.050 0.059 0.077

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions)

0.0053 -0.032 -0.098 -0.137 -0.172 -0.254 -0.589

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0050 -0.037 -0.072 -0.089 -0.118 -0.170 -0.360

Table 10-B.3.33 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.609 0.609 0.608 0.607 0.606 0.604 0.604 0.604

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 14.49 -0.167 -1.13 -2.88 -4.31 -7.90 -9.24 -17.32

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

29.84 2.00 5.20 8.00 10.64 15.10 17.44 20.65

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.184 0.474 0.731 0.981 1.40 1.61 1.88

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.83 4.07 5.12 6.34 7.21 8.20 3.33

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.543 1.05 1.03 1.13 0.696 0.740 -2.39
10-B-95

Table 10-B.3.34 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0076 -0.0012 -0.0019 -0.0028 -0.0037 -0.0079 -0.0079 -0.0079

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.014 0.0024 0.0044 0.0065 0.0078 0.0091 0.0091 0.0091

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0007 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0011 0.0024 0.0037 0.0041 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0001 0.0004 0.0006 0.0005 -0.0012 -0.0012 -0.0012

Table 10-B.3.35 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.034 0.034 0.034 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.536 -0.096 -0.130 -0.186 -0.237 -0.547 -0.547 -0.547

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

1.02 0.171 0.306 0.458 0.538 0.635 0.635 0.635

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.016 0.028 0.043 0.051 0.061 0.061 0.061

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.075 0.176 0.272 0.302 0.088 0.088 0.088

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0044 0.029 0.048 0.048 -0.081 -0.081 -0.081
10-B-96

Table 10-B.3.36 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.013 -0.0013 -0.0026 -0.0041 -0.0050 -0.0084 -0.013 -0.013

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.020 0.0020 0.0048 0.0079 0.0094 0.011 0.012 0.012

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0007 0.0022 0.0038 0.0044 0.0027 -0.0007 -0.0007

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0002 0.0004 0.0004 -0.0008 -0.0027 -0.0027

Table 10-B.3.37 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.177 0.177 0.176 0.176 0.176 0.175 0.175 0.175

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 3.15 -0.386 -0.695 -1.11 -1.27 -1.91 -3.57 -3.57

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

5.68 0.544 1.20 2.14 2.51 3.07 3.49 3.49

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.052 0.112 0.196 0.234 0.294 0.339 0.339

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.158 0.501 1.03 1.24 1.16 -0.082 -0.082

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.027 0.020 0.102 0.139 -0.013 -0.733 -0.733
10-B-97

Table 10-B.3.38 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0019 -0.0002 -0.0006 -0.0008 -0.0011 -0.0020 -0.0020 -0.0020

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0038 0.0005 0.0010 0.0015 0.0020 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003

Table 10-B.3.39 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.277 -0.036 -0.081 -0.112 -0.155 -0.294 -0.294 -0.294

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.555 0.071 0.139 0.217 0.291 0.353 0.353 0.353

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0067 0.012 0.020 0.027 0.034 0.034 0.034

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.035 0.057 0.105 0.136 0.059 0.059 0.059

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0039 0.0018 0.011 0.012 -0.040 -0.040 -0.040
10-B-98

10-B.3.2.2 7 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10-B.3.40 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

2.84 2.83 2.83 2.82 2.82 2.80 2.80 2.80

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 37.94 -3.33 -6.50 -9.86 -12.90 -21.61 -31.47 -35.88

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

37.82 4.28 9.84 12.68 14.85 18.22 20.26 21.30

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.896 2.04 2.73 3.28 4.14 4.63 4.92

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

7.27 18.45 21.34 22.73 17.03 4.62 -0.656

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.951 3.34 2.82 1.95 -3.39 -11.21 -14.57

Table 10-B.3.41 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.98 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.95 1.95

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 28.08 -2.96 -5.39 -7.55 -9.73 -15.99 -24.24 -24.29

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

26.07 3.39 7.66 9.25 10.43 12.16 13.31 13.32

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.628 1.39 1.70 1.94 2.29 2.52 2.53

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

5.16 13.67 14.92 14.84 8.68 -3.39 -3.46

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.432 2.27 1.70 0.706 -3.83 -10.92 -10.97
10-B-99

Table 10-B.3.42 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.860 0.859 0.858 0.856 0.855 0.852 0.852 0.852

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 9.86 -0.369 -1.11 -2.31 -3.18 -5.62 -7.23 -11.59

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

11.76 0.888 2.18 3.43 4.42 6.07 6.95 7.98

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.268 0.649 1.02 1.33 1.84 2.11 2.40

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.11 4.78 6.43 7.89 8.35 8.01 2.81

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.519 1.07 1.12 1.24 0.441 -0.288 -3.61

Table 10-B.3.43 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.812 0.808 0.805 0.803 0.800 0.795 0.795 0.795

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 18.98 -2.17 -4.12 -5.97 -7.88 -12.38 -13.91 -13.96

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

14.49 1.73 4.65 5.89 6.79 7.64 7.84 7.85

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.329 0.847 1.09 1.27 1.45 1.49 1.49

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.50 6.69 7.34 6.74 1.01 -1.28 -1.35

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.439 0.537 -0.074 -1.09 -4.74 -6.07 -6.11
10-B-100

Table 10-B.3.44 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.17 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.15 1.15

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 9.10 -0.792 -1.27 -1.58 -1.85 -3.60 -10.33 -10.33

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

11.58 1.66 3.00 3.35 3.65 4.51 5.47 5.47

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.299 0.544 0.613 0.673 0.845 1.04 1.04

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

3.66 6.98 7.58 8.10 7.68 -2.11 -2.11

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.871 1.73 1.77 1.80 0.910 -4.86 -4.86

Table 10-B.3.45 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.399 -0.017 -0.069 -0.107 -0.118 -0.166 -0.234 -0.453

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.107 0.012 0.032 0.035 0.029 0.048 0.064 0.093

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0088 0.022 0.029 0.038 0.050 0.059 0.077

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0053 -0.032 -0.098 -0.137 -0.172 -0.254 -0.589

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0050 -0.037 -0.072 -0.089 -0.118 -0.170 -0.360
10-B-101

Table 10-B.3.46 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.609 0.609 0.608 0.607 0.606 0.604 0.604 0.604

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 7.42 -0.085 -0.578 -1.48 -2.20 -4.04 -4.73 -8.87

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

9.36 0.628 1.63 2.51 3.34 4.74 5.47 6.48

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.184 0.474 0.731 0.981 1.40 1.61 1.88

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.83 4.07 5.12 6.34 7.21 8.20 3.33

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.543 1.05 1.03 1.13 0.696 0.740 -2.39

Table 10-B.3.47 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0039 -0.0006 -0.0010 -0.0014 -0.0019 -0.0041 -0.0041 -0.0041

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0045 0.0007 0.0014 0.0020 0.0024 0.0029 0.0029 0.0029

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0007 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0011 0.0024 0.0037 0.0041 0.0012 0.0012 0.0012

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0001 0.0004 0.0006 0.0005 -0.0012 -0.0012 -0.0012
10-B-102

Table 10-B.3.48 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.034 0.034 0.034 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.274 -0.049 -0.067 -0.095 -0.121 -0.280 -0.280 -0.280

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.321 0.054 0.096 0.144 0.169 0.199 0.199 0.199

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.016 0.028 0.043 0.051 0.061 0.061 0.061

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.075 0.176 0.272 0.302 0.088 0.088 0.088

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0044 0.029 0.048 0.048 -0.081 -0.081 -0.081

Table 10-B.3.49 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0065 -0.0007 -0.0013 -0.0021 -0.0026 -0.0043 -0.0065 -0.0065

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0061 0.0006 0.0015 0.0025 0.0029 0.0035 0.0037 0.0037

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0007 0.0022 0.0038 0.0044 0.0027 -0.0007 -0.0007

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0002 0.0004 0.0004 -0.0008 -0.0027 -0.0027
10-B-103

Table 10-B.3.50 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.177 0.177 0.176 0.176 0.176 0.175 0.175 0.175

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 1.61 -0.198 -0.355 -0.568 -0.648 -0.977 -1.83 -1.83

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

1.78 0.171 0.375 0.670 0.787 0.964 1.09 1.09

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.052 0.112 0.196 0.234 0.294 0.339 0.339

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.158 0.501 1.03 1.24 1.16 -0.082 -0.082

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.027 0.020 0.102 0.139 -0.013 -0.733 -0.733

Table 10-B.3.51 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0010 -0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0005 -0.0010 -0.0010 -0.0010

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0012 0.0002 0.0003 0.0005 0.0006 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003
10-B-104

Table 10-B.3.52 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.142 -0.018 -0.042 -0.057 -0.080 -0.150 -0.150 -0.150

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.174 0.022 0.043 0.068 0.091 0.111 0.111 0.111

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0067 0.012 0.020 0.027 0.034 0.034 0.034

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.035 0.057 0.105 0.136 0.059 0.059 0.059

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0039 0.0018 0.011 0.012 -0.040 -0.040 -0.040

10-B.3.3 High Price Elasticity Scenario

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

0.0

3.0

6.0

9.0

12.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed and Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.3.7 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

High Price Elasticity Scenario
10-B-105

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.3.8 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent

Load Growth, High Price Elasticity Scenario

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.3.9 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load 

Growth, High Price Elasticity Scenario
10-B-106

10-B.3.3.1 3 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10-B.3.53 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

2.84 2.80 2.76 2.73 2.70 2.61 2.61 2.61

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 74.21 -6.41 -12.36 -18.53 -23.99 -39.15 -57.26 -65.23

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

123.52 13.59 30.38 39.13 45.72 55.05 61.48 64.56

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.885 1.99 2.62 3.12 3.83 4.30 4.57

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

7.18 18.02 20.60 21.74 15.91 4.22 -0.666

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.947 3.27 2.74 1.90 -3.10 -10.46 -13.57

Table 10-B.3.54 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, High 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.98 1.95 1.92 1.90 1.88 1.83 1.83 1.83

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 54.95 -5.70 -10.24 -14.20 -18.09 -29.03 -44.25 -44.34

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

86.04 10.78 23.56 28.61 32.33 37.23 41.07 41.09

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.619 1.35 1.64 1.85 2.13 2.35 2.36

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

5.08 13.32 14.41 14.24 8.20 -3.18 -3.25

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.428 2.22 1.65 0.713 -3.51 -10.20 -10.24
10-B-107

Table 10-B.3.55 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.860 0.853 0.841 0.824 0.813 0.785 0.785 0.785

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 19.26 -0.709 -2.12 -4.33 -5.90 -10.12 -13.02 -20.89

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

37.48 2.81 6.82 10.52 13.40 17.82 20.41 23.47

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.266 0.636 0.982 1.27 1.70 1.94 2.21

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.10 4.70 6.19 7.50 7.70 7.40 2.58

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.518 1.05 1.08 1.18 0.410 -0.259 -3.33

Table 10-B.3.56 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.812 0.794 0.780 0.768 0.757 0.733 0.733 0.733

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 37.15 -4.17 -7.80 -11.18 -14.58 -22.34 -25.10 -25.19

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

47.77 5.64 14.29 18.20 20.95 23.27 23.92 23.94

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.323 0.821 1.04 1.20 1.33 1.37 1.37

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.47 6.48 7.02 6.38 0.927 -1.18 -1.25

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.431 0.521 -0.071 -1.03 -4.37 -5.60 -5.63
10-B-108

Table 10-B.3.57 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.17 1.15 1.14 1.13 1.13 1.09 1.09 1.09

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 17.80 -1.53 -2.44 -3.02 -3.51 -6.69 -19.15 -19.15

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

38.27 5.14 9.27 10.41 11.37 13.96 17.15 17.15

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.295 0.533 0.598 0.653 0.801 0.983 0.983

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

3.61 6.84 7.39 7.86 7.28 -2.00 -2.00

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.860 1.70 1.73 1.75 0.862 -4.60 -4.60

Table 10-B.3.58 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.779 -0.033 -0.130 -0.201 -0.220 -0.305 -0.429 -0.831

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.341 0.038 0.099 0.106 0.089 0.144 0.190 0.279

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0087 0.021 0.028 0.036 0.047 0.056 0.072

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0053 -0.031 -0.094 -0.131 -0.161 -0.238 -0.553

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0049 -0.036 -0.069 -0.085 -0.111 -0.160 -0.338
10-B-109

Table 10-B.3.59 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.609 0.608 0.600 0.588 0.578 0.558 0.558 0.558

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 14.49 -0.166 -1.11 -2.79 -4.11 -7.30 -8.54 -16.01

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

29.84 2.00 5.13 7.74 10.15 13.96 16.12 19.09

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.184 0.467 0.707 0.936 1.30 1.49 1.74

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.83 4.02 4.95 6.05 6.66 7.58 3.08

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.541 1.04 1.000 1.08 0.643 0.684 -2.21

Table 10-B.3.60 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0076 -0.0012 -0.0018 -0.0027 -0.0034 -0.0070 -0.0070 -0.0070

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.014 0.0023 0.0042 0.0061 0.0072 0.0080 0.0080 0.0080

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0007 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0011 0.0023 0.0035 0.0038 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0001 0.0004 0.0006 0.0005 -0.0010 -0.0010 -0.0010
10-B-110

Table 10-B.3.61 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.034 0.033 0.032 0.032 0.031 0.029 0.029 0.029

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.536 -0.094 -0.125 -0.177 -0.222 -0.481 -0.481 -0.481

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

1.02 0.166 0.294 0.434 0.504 0.559 0.559 0.559

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.016 0.027 0.041 0.048 0.054 0.054 0.054

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.073 0.169 0.258 0.282 0.078 0.078 0.078

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0043 0.028 0.046 0.045 -0.071 -0.071 -0.071

Table 10-B.3.62 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.013 -0.0013 -0.0025 -0.0039 -0.0047 -0.0077 -0.012 -0.012

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.020 0.0020 0.0046 0.0075 0.0088 0.010 0.011 0.011

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0008 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0007 0.0021 0.0036 0.0041 0.0024 -0.0006 -0.0006

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0002 0.0004 0.0004 -0.0008 -0.0025 -0.0025
10-B-111

Table 10-B.3.63 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.177 0.173 0.170 0.167 0.165 0.161 0.161 0.161

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 3.15 -0.378 -0.670 -1.05 -1.19 -1.75 -3.28 -3.28

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

5.68 0.533 1.15 2.02 2.36 2.82 3.20 3.20

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.051 0.108 0.186 0.221 0.270 0.311 0.311

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.154 0.484 0.972 1.17 1.07 -0.076 -0.076

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.027 0.019 0.097 0.131 -0.012 -0.673 -0.673

Table 10-B.3.64 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0019 -0.0002 -0.0005 -0.0007 -0.0010 -0.0018 -0.0018 -0.0018

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0038 0.0005 0.0009 0.0014 0.0018 0.0021 0.0021 0.0021

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002
10-B-112

Table 10-B.3.65 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.277 -0.035 -0.079 -0.107 -0.146 -0.268 -0.268 -0.268

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.555 0.069 0.134 0.206 0.274 0.322 0.322 0.322

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0066 0.012 0.019 0.026 0.031 0.031 0.031

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.034 0.055 0.100 0.128 0.054 0.054 0.054

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0038 0.0018 0.010 0.011 -0.036 -0.036 -0.036

10-B.3.3.2 7 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10-B.3.66 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

2.84 2.80 2.76 2.73 2.70 2.61 2.61 2.61

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 37.94 -3.28 -6.32 -9.47 -12.26 -20.01 -29.27 -33.35

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

37.82 4.22 9.59 12.21 14.16 16.91 18.82 19.78

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.885 1.99 2.62 3.12 3.83 4.30 4.57

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

7.18 18.02 20.60 21.74 15.91 4.22 -0.666

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.947 3.27 2.74 1.90 -3.10 -10.46 -13.57
10-B-113

Table 10-B.3.67 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, High 

Price Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.98 1.95 1.92 1.90 1.88 1.83 1.83 1.83

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 28.08 -2.91 -5.23 -7.25 -9.25 -14.83 -22.61 -22.66

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

26.07 3.34 7.45 8.91 9.96 11.32 12.42 12.42

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.619 1.35 1.64 1.85 2.13 2.35 2.36

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

5.08 13.32 14.41 14.24 8.20 -3.18 -3.25

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.428 2.22 1.65 0.713 -3.51 -10.20 -10.24

Table 10-B.3.68 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price 

Elasticity Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.860 0.853 0.841 0.824 0.813 0.785 0.785 0.785

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 9.86 -0.363 -1.09 -2.22 -3.02 -5.18 -6.66 -10.69

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

11.76 0.881 2.14 3.30 4.20 5.59 6.40 7.36

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.266 0.636 0.982 1.27 1.70 1.94 2.21

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.10 4.70 6.19 7.50 7.70 7.40 2.58

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.518 1.05 1.08 1.18 0.410 -0.259 -3.33
10-B-114

Table 10-B.3.69 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.812 0.794 0.780 0.768 0.757 0.733 0.733 0.733

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 18.98 -2.13 -3.99 -5.71 -7.45 -11.42 -12.83 -12.87

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

14.49 1.70 4.51 5.64 6.42 7.05 7.23 7.24

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.323 0.821 1.04 1.20 1.33 1.37 1.37

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.47 6.48 7.02 6.38 0.927 -1.18 -1.25

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.431 0.521 -0.071 -1.03 -4.37 -5.60 -5.63

Table 10-B.3.70 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.17 1.15 1.14 1.13 1.13 1.09 1.09 1.09

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 9.10 -0.781 -1.24 -1.54 -1.80 -3.42 -9.79 -9.79

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

11.58 1.64 2.94 3.27 3.54 4.28 5.18 5.18

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.295 0.533 0.598 0.653 0.801 0.983 0.983

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

3.61 6.84 7.39 7.86 7.28 -2.00 -2.00

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.860 1.70 1.73 1.75 0.862 -4.60 -4.60
10-B-115

Table 10-B.3.71 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021 0.021

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.399 -0.017 -0.067 -0.103 -0.113 -0.156 -0.219 -0.426

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.107 0.012 0.031 0.033 0.028 0.045 0.060 0.087

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0087 0.021 0.028 0.036 0.047 0.056 0.072

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0053 -0.031 -0.094 -0.131 -0.161 -0.238 -0.553

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0049 -0.036 -0.069 -0.085 -0.111 -0.160 -0.338

Table 10-B.3.72 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.609 0.608 0.600 0.588 0.578 0.558 0.558 0.558

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 7.42 -0.085 -0.570 -1.43 -2.10 -3.73 -4.37 -8.20

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

9.36 0.626 1.61 2.43 3.18 4.38 5.06 5.99

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.184 0.467 0.707 0.936 1.30 1.49 1.74

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.83 4.02 4.95 6.05 6.66 7.58 3.08

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.541 1.04 1.000 1.08 0.643 0.684 -2.21
10-B-116

Table 10-B.3.73 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0039 -0.0006 -0.0009 -0.0014 -0.0018 -0.0036 -0.0036 -0.0036

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0045 0.0007 0.0013 0.0019 0.0023 0.0025 0.0025 0.0025

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0007 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0011 0.0023 0.0035 0.0038 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0001 0.0004 0.0006 0.0005 -0.0010 -0.0010 -0.0010

Table 10-B.3.74 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.034 0.033 0.032 0.032 0.031 0.029 0.029 0.029

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.274 -0.048 -0.064 -0.090 -0.113 -0.246 -0.246 -0.246

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.321 0.052 0.092 0.136 0.158 0.175 0.175 0.175

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.016 0.027 0.041 0.048 0.054 0.054 0.054

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.073 0.169 0.258 0.282 0.078 0.078 0.078

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0043 0.028 0.046 0.045 -0.071 -0.071 -0.071
10-B-117

Table 10-B.3.75 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0065 -0.0007 -0.0013 -0.0020 -0.0024 -0.0039 -0.0059 -0.0059

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0061 0.0006 0.0014 0.0024 0.0028 0.0032 0.0034 0.0034

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0008 0.0010 0.0010 0.0010

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0007 0.0021 0.0036 0.0041 0.0024 -0.0006 -0.0006

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0002 0.0004 0.0004 -0.0008 -0.0025 -0.0025

Table 10-B.3.76 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.177 0.173 0.170 0.167 0.165 0.161 0.161 0.161

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 1.61 -0.194 -0.343 -0.538 -0.610 -0.897 -1.68 -1.68

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

1.78 0.167 0.362 0.635 0.740 0.885 1.00 1.00

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.051 0.108 0.186 0.221 0.270 0.311 0.311

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.154 0.484 0.972 1.17 1.07 -0.076 -0.076

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.027 0.019 0.097 0.131 -0.012 -0.673 -0.673
10-B-118

Table 10-B.3.77 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0010 -0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0005 -0.0009 -0.0009 -0.0009

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0012 0.0001 0.0003 0.0004 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002

Table 10-B.3.78 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, High Price Elasticity 

Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.017 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015 0.015

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.142 -0.018 -0.040 -0.055 -0.075 -0.137 -0.137 -0.137

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.174 0.022 0.042 0.065 0.086 0.101 0.101 0.101

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0066 0.012 0.019 0.026 0.031 0.031 0.031

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.034 0.055 0.100 0.128 0.054 0.054 0.054

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0038 0.0018 0.010 0.011 -0.036 -0.036 -0.036
10-B-119

10-B.3.4 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

0.0

3.0

6.0

9.0

12.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed and Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.3.10 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic 

Scenario

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.3.11 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 

Low Economic Scenario
10-B-120

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.3.12 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load 

Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low 

Economic Scenario

10-B.3.4.1 3 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10-B.3.79 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

2.84 2.83 2.83 2.82 2.82 2.80 2.80 2.80

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 74.21 -6.51 -12.72 -19.28 -25.24 -42.27 -61.56 -70.17

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

118.55 13.23 29.92 39.00 46.04 56.92 63.51 66.72

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.896 2.04 2.73 3.28 4.14 4.63 4.92

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

6.71 17.20 19.71 20.80 14.65 1.96 -3.45

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.784 2.95 2.32 1.37 -4.10 -12.01 -15.41
10-B-121

Table 10-B.3.80 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent

Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.98 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.95 1.95

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 54.95 -5.79 -10.54 -14.78 -19.04 -31.28 -47.43 -47.53

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

82.57 10.51 23.24 28.50 32.51 38.36 42.26 42.29

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.628 1.39 1.70 1.94 2.29 2.52 2.53

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

4.72 12.70 13.72 13.48 7.07 -5.17 -5.24

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.300 1.97 1.33 0.298 -4.31 -11.45 -11.49

Table 10-B.3.81 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.860 0.859 0.858 0.856 0.855 0.852 0.852 0.852

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 19.26 -0.721 -2.17 -4.51 -6.20 -10.99 -14.13 -22.64

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

35.98 2.72 6.67 10.50 13.53 18.56 21.25 24.43

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.268 0.649 1.02 1.33 1.84 2.11 2.40

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.00 4.50 5.99 7.32 7.57 7.12 1.79

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.484 0.982 0.989 1.07 0.204 -0.559 -3.92
10-B-122

Table 10-B.3.82 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.812 0.808 0.805 0.803 0.800 0.795 0.795 0.795

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 37.15 -4.24 -8.05 -11.68 -15.42 -24.23 -27.22 -27.32

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

45.85 5.51 14.15 18.25 21.27 24.22 24.89 24.92

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.329 0.847 1.09 1.27 1.45 1.49 1.49

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.27 6.10 6.57 5.85 -0.012 -2.33 -2.40

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.507 0.355 -0.305 -1.36 -5.04 -6.38 -6.42

Table 10-B.3.83 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.17 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.15 1.15

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 17.80 -1.55 -2.49 -3.10 -3.62 -7.05 -20.21 -20.21

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

36.73 5.00 9.09 10.25 11.24 14.14 17.37 17.37

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.299 0.544 0.613 0.673 0.845 1.04 1.04

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

3.45 6.60 7.15 7.62 7.08 -2.84 -2.84

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.806 1.61 1.64 1.66 0.733 -5.07 -5.07
10-B-123

Table 10-B.3.84 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.779 -0.033 -0.134 -0.209 -0.231 -0.325 -0.457 -0.886

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.328 0.037 0.098 0.107 0.090 0.147 0.194 0.285

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0088 0.022 0.029 0.038 0.050 0.059 0.077

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0037 -0.036 -0.103 -0.141 -0.178 -0.262 -0.601

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0054 -0.038 -0.074 -0.090 -0.120 -0.173 -0.364

Table 10-B.3.85 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.609 0.609 0.608 0.607 0.606 0.604 0.604 0.604

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 14.49 -0.167 -1.13 -2.88 -4.31 -7.90 -9.24 -17.32

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

28.64 1.92 4.99 7.68 10.22 14.50 16.74 19.83

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.184 0.474 0.731 0.981 1.40 1.61 1.88

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.75 3.86 4.79 5.91 6.60 7.50 2.50

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.518 0.989 0.935 1.00 0.510 0.526 -2.64
10-B-124

Table 10-B.3.86 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0076 -0.0012 -0.0019 -0.0028 -0.0037 -0.0079 -0.0079 -0.0079

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.014 0.0023 0.0042 0.0062 0.0074 0.0088 0.0088 0.0088

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0007 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0010 0.0023 0.0034 0.0038 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0001 0.0003 0.0005 0.0005 -0.0013 -0.0013 -0.0013

Table 10-B.3.87 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.034 0.034 0.034 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.536 -0.096 -0.130 -0.186 -0.237 -0.547 -0.547 -0.547

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.983 0.165 0.294 0.440 0.517 0.610 0.610 0.610

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.016 0.028 0.043 0.051 0.061 0.061 0.061

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.068 0.164 0.254 0.280 0.063 0.063 0.063

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0023 0.026 0.043 0.041 -0.089 -0.089 -0.089
10-B-125

Table 10-B.3.88 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.013 -0.0013 -0.0026 -0.0041 -0.0050 -0.0084 -0.013 -0.013

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.019 0.0020 0.0046 0.0076 0.0090 0.011 0.011 0.011

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0007 0.0020 0.0035 0.0040 0.0022 -0.0012 -0.0012

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0001 0.0001 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0010 -0.0029 -0.0029

Table 10-B.3.89 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.177 0.177 0.176 0.176 0.176 0.175 0.175 0.175

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 3.15 -0.386 -0.695 -1.11 -1.27 -1.91 -3.57 -3.57

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

5.46 0.522 1.15 2.05 2.41 2.95 3.35 3.35

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.052 0.112 0.196 0.234 0.294 0.339 0.339

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.136 0.453 0.941 1.14 1.04 -0.222 -0.222

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.034 0.0049 0.076 0.108 -0.051 -0.776 -0.776
10-B-126

Table 10-B.3.90 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0019 -0.0002 -0.0006 -0.0008 -0.0011 -0.0020 -0.0020 -0.0020

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0037 0.0005 0.0009 0.0014 0.0019 0.0023 0.0023 0.0023

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003

Table 10-B.3.91 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.277 -0.036 -0.081 -0.112 -0.155 -0.294 -0.294 -0.294

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.533 0.068 0.133 0.208 0.280 0.339 0.339 0.339

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0067 0.012 0.020 0.027 0.034 0.034 0.034

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.032 0.052 0.096 0.124 0.045 0.045 0.045

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0031 0.0001 0.0080 0.0083 -0.044 -0.044 -0.044
10-B-127

10-B.3.4.2 7 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10-B.3.92 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

2.84 2.83 2.83 2.82 2.82 2.80 2.80 2.80

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 37.94 -3.33 -6.50 -9.86 -12.90 -21.61 -31.47 -35.88

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

36.34 4.11 9.45 12.18 14.27 17.51 19.46 20.47

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.896 2.04 2.73 3.28 4.14 4.63 4.92

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

6.71 17.20 19.71 20.80 14.65 1.96 -3.45

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.784 2.95 2.32 1.37 -4.10 -12.01 -15.41

Table 10-B.3.93 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent

Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.98 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.95 1.95

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 28.08 -2.96 -5.39 -7.55 -9.73 -15.99 -24.24 -24.29

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

25.04 3.26 7.36 8.89 10.03 11.68 12.79 12.80

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.628 1.39 1.70 1.94 2.29 2.52 2.53

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

4.72 12.70 13.72 13.48 7.07 -5.17 -5.24

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.300 1.97 1.33 0.298 -4.31 -11.45 -11.49
10-B-128

Table 10-B.3.94 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.860 0.859 0.858 0.856 0.855 0.852 0.852 0.852

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 9.86 -0.369 -1.11 -2.31 -3.18 -5.62 -7.23 -11.59

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

11.30 0.853 2.10 3.30 4.25 5.83 6.67 7.67

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.268 0.649 1.02 1.33 1.84 2.11 2.40

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.00 4.50 5.99 7.32 7.57 7.12 1.79

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.484 0.982 0.989 1.07 0.204 -0.559 -3.92

Table 10-B.3.95 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.812 0.808 0.805 0.803 0.800 0.795 0.795 0.795

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 18.98 -2.17 -4.12 -5.97 -7.88 -12.38 -13.91 -13.96

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

13.92 1.66 4.47 5.66 6.52 7.34 7.53 7.54

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.329 0.847 1.09 1.27 1.45 1.49 1.49

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.27 6.10 6.57 5.85 -0.012 -2.33 -2.40

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.507 0.355 -0.305 -1.36 -5.04 -6.38 -6.42
10-B-129

Table 10-B.3.96 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.17 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.15 1.15

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 9.10 -0.792 -1.27 -1.58 -1.85 -3.60 -10.33 -10.33

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

11.12 1.60 2.89 3.22 3.51 4.34 5.26 5.26

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.299 0.544 0.613 0.673 0.845 1.04 1.04

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

3.45 6.60 7.15 7.62 7.08 -2.84 -2.84

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.806 1.61 1.64 1.66 0.733 -5.07 -5.07

Table 10-B.3.97 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.399 -0.017 -0.069 -0.107 -0.118 -0.166 -0.234 -0.453

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.103 0.012 0.031 0.033 0.028 0.046 0.061 0.089

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0088 0.022 0.029 0.038 0.050 0.059 0.077

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0037 -0.036 -0.103 -0.141 -0.178 -0.262 -0.601

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0054 -0.038 -0.074 -0.090 -0.120 -0.173 -0.364
10-B-130

Table 10-B.3.98 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.609 0.609 0.608 0.607 0.606 0.604 0.604 0.604

Equipment Cost

($Billions) 7.42 -0.085 -0.578 -1.48 -2.20 -4.04 -4.73 -8.87

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

8.99 0.603 1.57 2.41 3.21 4.55 5.26 6.22

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.184 0.474 0.731 0.981 1.40 1.61 1.88

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.75 3.86 4.79 5.91 6.60 7.50 2.50

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.518 0.989 0.935 1.00 0.510 0.526 -2.64

Table 10-B.3.99 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0039 -0.0006 -0.0010 -0.0014 -0.0019 -0.0041 -0.0041 -0.0041

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0044 0.0007 0.0013 0.0020 0.0023 0.0028 0.0028 0.0028

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0007 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0010 0.0023 0.0034 0.0038 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0001 0.0003 0.0005 0.0005 -0.0013 -0.0013 -0.0013
10-B-131

Table 10-B.3.100 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.034 0.034 0.034 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.274 -0.049 -0.067 -0.095 -0.121 -0.280 -0.280 -0.280

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.308 0.052 0.092 0.138 0.162 0.191 0.191 0.191

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.016 0.028 0.043 0.051 0.061 0.061 0.061

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.068 0.164 0.254 0.280 0.063 0.063 0.063

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0023 0.026 0.043 0.041 -0.089 -0.089 -0.089

Table 10-B.3.101 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0065 -0.0007 -0.0013 -0.0021 -0.0026 -0.0043 -0.0065 -0.0065

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0059 0.0006 0.0014 0.0024 0.0028 0.0034 0.0036 0.0036

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0007 0.0020 0.0035 0.0040 0.0022 -0.0012 -0.0012

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0001 0.0001 0.0003 0.0003 -0.0010 -0.0029 -0.0029
10-B-132

Table 10-B.3.102 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.177 0.177 0.176 0.176 0.176 0.175 0.175 0.175

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 1.61 -0.198 -0.355 -0.568 -0.648 -0.977 -1.83 -1.83

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

1.71 0.164 0.360 0.644 0.756 0.926 1.05 1.05

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.052 0.112 0.196 0.234 0.294 0.339 0.339

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.136 0.453 0.941 1.14 1.04 -0.222 -0.222

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.034 0.0049 0.076 0.108 -0.051 -0.776 -0.776

Table 10-B.3.103 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0010 -0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0005 -0.0010 -0.0010 -0.0010

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0012 0.0001 0.0003 0.0005 0.0006 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0003 -0.0003
10-B-133

Table 10-B.3.104 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, Low Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.142 -0.018 -0.042 -0.057 -0.080 -0.150 -0.150 -0.150

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.167 0.021 0.042 0.065 0.088 0.106 0.106 0.106

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0067 0.012 0.020 0.027 0.034 0.034 0.034

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.032 0.052 0.096 0.124 0.045 0.045 0.045

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0031 0.0001 0.0080 0.0083 -0.044 -0.044 -0.044

10-B.3.5 Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

0.0

3.0

6.0

9.0

12.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed and Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.3.13 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic 

Scenario
10-B-134

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Liquid-Immersed Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.3.14 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent

Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, 

High Economic Scenario

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Net Present Value (Billion US$)

Cumulative Source Energy Savings (Quads)

Candidate Standard Levels

Cumulative Source Energy Savings and NPV for Dry-Type Units

Cumulative Source Savings 2044 (Quads) Net Present Value at 3% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Net Present Value at 7% Discount Rate ($Billions) 

Figure 10-B.3.15 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load 

Growth, Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High 

Economic Scenario
10-B-135

10-B.3.5.1 3 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10-B.3.105 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

2.84 2.83 2.83 2.82 2.82 2.80 2.80 2.80

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 74.21 -6.51 -12.72 -19.28 -25.24 -42.27 -61.56 -70.17

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

140.10 15.61 35.24 45.99 54.34 67.24 75.06 78.84

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.896 2.04 2.73 3.28 4.14 4.63 4.92

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

9.09 22.52 26.71 29.10 24.97 13.50 8.67

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.40 4.36 4.15 3.52 -1.45 -9.05 -12.30

Table 10-B.3.106 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent

Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.98 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.95 1.95

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 54.95 -5.79 -10.54 -14.78 -19.04 -31.28 -47.43 -47.53

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

97.70 12.41 27.37 33.62 38.40 45.36 50.01 50.04

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.628 1.39 1.70 1.94 2.29 2.52 2.53

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

6.61 16.83 18.84 19.36 14.08 2.58 2.52

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.791 3.06 2.67 1.81 -2.53 -9.49 -9.53
10-B-136

Table 10-B.3.107 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.860 0.859 0.858 0.856 0.855 0.852 0.852 0.852

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 19.26 -0.721 -2.17 -4.51 -6.20 -10.99 -14.13 -22.64

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

42.41 3.20 7.87 12.37 15.95 21.88 25.05 28.79

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.268 0.649 1.02 1.33 1.84 2.11 2.40

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.48 5.69 7.87 9.74 10.89 10.92 6.15

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.612 1.30 1.48 1.71 1.08 0.438 -2.77

Table 10-B.3.108 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.812 0.808 0.805 0.803 0.800 0.795 0.795 0.795

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 37.15 -4.24 -8.05 -11.68 -15.42 -24.23 -27.22 -27.32

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

54.24 6.52 16.67 21.54 25.13 28.65 29.46 29.49

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.329 0.847 1.09 1.27 1.45 1.49 1.49

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.28 8.62 9.86 9.72 4.42 2.24 2.17

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.252 1.02 0.548 -0.369 -3.92 -5.22 -5.26
10-B-137

Table 10-B.3.109 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.17 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.15 1.15

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 17.80 -1.55 -2.49 -3.10 -3.62 -7.05 -20.21 -20.21

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

43.46 5.88 10.70 12.08 13.26 16.71 20.55 20.55

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.299 0.544 0.613 0.673 0.845 1.04 1.04

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

4.33 8.21 8.98 9.64 9.65 0.345 0.345

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.04 2.04 2.12 2.18 1.39 -4.27 -4.27

Table 10-B.3.110 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.779 -0.033 -0.134 -0.209 -0.231 -0.325 -0.457 -0.886

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.386 0.044 0.115 0.126 0.106 0.174 0.229 0.336

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0088 0.022 0.029 0.038 0.050 0.059 0.077

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.010 -0.019 -0.084 -0.125 -0.151 -0.227 -0.550

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0037 -0.033 -0.069 -0.086 -0.113 -0.163 -0.350
10-B-138

Table 10-B.3.111 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.609 0.609 0.608 0.607 0.606 0.604 0.604 0.604

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 14.49 -0.167 -1.13 -2.88 -4.31 -7.90 -9.24 -17.32

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

33.76 2.26 5.88 9.05 12.04 17.09 19.73 23.37

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.184 0.474 0.731 0.981 1.40 1.61 1.88

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.10 4.75 6.17 7.73 9.19 10.49 6.04

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.608 1.22 1.30 1.48 1.19 1.31 -1.71

Table 10-B.3.112 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0076 -0.0012 -0.0019 -0.0028 -0.0037 -0.0079 -0.0079 -0.0079

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.016 0.0027 0.0049 0.0073 0.0088 0.010 0.010 0.010

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0007 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0015 0.0030 0.0045 0.0051 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0002 0.0005 0.0008 0.0008 -0.0009 -0.0009 -0.0009
10-B-139

Table 10-B.3.113 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.034 0.034 0.034 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.536 -0.096 -0.130 -0.186 -0.237 -0.547 -0.547 -0.547

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

1.16 0.194 0.346 0.519 0.609 0.718 0.718 0.718

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.016 0.028 0.043 0.051 0.061 0.061 0.061

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.098 0.216 0.332 0.372 0.172 0.172 0.172

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.010 0.039 0.063 0.065 -0.060 -0.060 -0.060

Table 10-B.3.114 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.013 -0.0013 -0.0026 -0.0041 -0.0050 -0.0084 -0.013 -0.013

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.022 0.0023 0.0054 0.0090 0.011 0.013 0.014 0.014

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0010 0.0028 0.0049 0.0056 0.0041 0.0009 0.0009

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0003 0.0006 0.0007 -0.0005 -0.0023 -0.0023
10-B-140

Table 10-B.3.115 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.177 0.177 0.176 0.176 0.176 0.175 0.175 0.175

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 3.15 -0.386 -0.695 -1.11 -1.27 -1.91 -3.57 -3.57

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

6.43 0.615 1.35 2.42 2.84 3.48 3.95 3.95

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.052 0.112 0.196 0.234 0.294 0.339 0.339

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.229 0.658 1.31 1.57 1.57 0.376 0.376

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0093 0.059 0.172 0.221 0.088 -0.619 -0.619

Table 10-B.3.116 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0019 -0.0002 -0.0006 -0.0008 -0.0011 -0.0020 -0.0020 -0.0020

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0043 0.0006 0.0011 0.0017 0.0023 0.0027 0.0027 0.0027

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0003 0.0005 0.0009 0.0012 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002
10-B-141

Table 10-B.3.117 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 3 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.277 -0.036 -0.081 -0.112 -0.155 -0.294 -0.294 -0.294

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.628 0.080 0.157 0.245 0.330 0.400 0.400 0.400

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0067 0.012 0.020 0.027 0.034 0.034 0.034

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.044 0.075 0.133 0.174 0.106 0.106 0.106

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0062 0.0064 0.018 0.021 -0.028 -0.028 -0.028

10-B.3.5.2 7 Percent Discount Rate

Table 10-B.3.118 All Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

2.84 2.83 2.83 2.82 2.82 2.80 2.80 2.80

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 37.94 -3.33 -6.50 -9.86 -12.90 -21.61 -31.47 -35.88

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

41.86 4.73 10.86 14.01 16.42 20.16 22.42 23.58

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.896 2.04 2.73 3.28 4.14 4.63 4.92

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

9.09 22.52 26.71 29.10 24.97 13.50 8.67

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.40 4.36 4.15 3.52 -1.45 -9.05 -12.30
10-B-142

Table 10-B.3.119 All Liquid-Immersed Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, 

Medium Price Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent

Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.98 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.95 1.95

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 28.08 -2.96 -5.39 -7.55 -9.73 -15.99 -24.24 -24.29

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

28.87 3.75 8.45 10.22 11.54 13.46 14.75 14.76

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.628 1.39 1.70 1.94 2.29 2.52 2.53

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

6.61 16.83 18.84 19.36 14.08 2.58 2.52

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.791 3.06 2.67 1.81 -2.53 -9.49 -9.53

Table 10-B.3.120 All Dry-Type Equipment Classes, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price 

Elasticity Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.860 0.859 0.858 0.856 0.855 0.852 0.852 0.852

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 9.86 -0.369 -1.11 -2.31 -3.18 -5.62 -7.23 -11.59

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

12.98 0.981 2.41 3.79 4.88 6.70 7.67 8.82

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.268 0.649 1.02 1.33 1.84 2.11 2.40

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.48 5.69 7.87 9.74 10.89 10.92 6.15

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.612 1.30 1.48 1.71 1.08 0.438 -2.77
10-B-143

Table 10-B.3.121 Equipment Class 1, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.812 0.808 0.805 0.803 0.800 0.795 0.795 0.795

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 18.98 -2.17 -4.12 -5.97 -7.88 -12.38 -13.91 -13.96

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

16.05 1.92 5.14 6.52 7.51 8.47 8.69 8.70

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.329 0.847 1.09 1.27 1.45 1.49 1.49

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.28 8.62 9.86 9.72 4.42 2.24 2.17

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.252 1.02 0.548 -0.369 -3.92 -5.22 -5.26

Table 10-B.3.122 Equipment Class 2, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

1.17 1.17 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.15 1.15

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 9.10 -0.792 -1.27 -1.58 -1.85 -3.60 -10.33 -10.33

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

12.83 1.83 3.31 3.70 4.03 5.00 6.06 6.06

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.299 0.544 0.613 0.673 0.845 1.04 1.04

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

4.33 8.21 8.98 9.64 9.65 0.345 0.345

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

1.04 2.04 2.12 2.18 1.39 -4.27 -4.27
10-B-144

Table 10-B.3.123 Equipment Class 3, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022 0.022

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.399 -0.017 -0.069 -0.107 -0.118 -0.166 -0.234 -0.453

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.118 0.013 0.035 0.038 0.032 0.053 0.070 0.103

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0088 0.022 0.029 0.038 0.050 0.059 0.077

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.010 -0.019 -0.084 -0.125 -0.151 -0.227 -0.550

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0037 -0.033 -0.069 -0.086 -0.113 -0.163 -0.350

Table 10-B.3.124 Equipment Class 4, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.609 0.609 0.608 0.607 0.606 0.604 0.604 0.604

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 7.42 -0.085 -0.578 -1.48 -2.20 -4.04 -4.73 -8.87

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

10.34 0.693 1.80 2.77 3.69 5.23 6.04 7.16

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.184 0.474 0.731 0.981 1.40 1.61 1.88

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

2.10 4.75 6.17 7.73 9.19 10.49 6.04

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.608 1.22 1.30 1.48 1.19 1.31 -1.71
10-B-145

Table 10-B.3.125 Equipment Class 5, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004 0.0004

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0039 -0.0006 -0.0010 -0.0014 -0.0019 -0.0041 -0.0041 -0.0041

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0050 0.0008 0.0015 0.0022 0.0027 0.0032 0.0032 0.0032

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0006 0.0007 0.0009 0.0009 0.0009

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0015 0.0030 0.0045 0.0051 0.0024 0.0024 0.0024

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0002 0.0005 0.0008 0.0008 -0.0009 -0.0009 -0.0009

Table 10-B.3.126 Equipment Class 6, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.034 0.034 0.034 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033 0.033

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.274 -0.049 -0.067 -0.095 -0.121 -0.280 -0.280 -0.280

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.355 0.059 0.106 0.159 0.187 0.220 0.220 0.220

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.016 0.028 0.043 0.051 0.061 0.061 0.061

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.098 0.216 0.332 0.372 0.172 0.172 0.172

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.010 0.039 0.063 0.065 -0.060 -0.060 -0.060
10-B-146

Table 10-B.3.127 Equipment Class 7, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005 0.0005

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0065 -0.0007 -0.0013 -0.0021 -0.0026 -0.0043 -0.0065 -0.0065

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0068 0.0007 0.0017 0.0028 0.0032 0.0039 0.0041 0.0041

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0002 0.0004 0.0007 0.0009 0.0011 0.0011 0.0011

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0010 0.0028 0.0049 0.0056 0.0041 0.0009 0.0009

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0003 0.0006 0.0007 -0.0005 -0.0023 -0.0023

Table 10-B.3.128 Equipment Class 8, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.177 0.177 0.176 0.176 0.176 0.175 0.175 0.175

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 1.61 -0.198 -0.355 -0.568 -0.648 -0.977 -1.83 -1.83

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

1.97 0.188 0.414 0.740 0.869 1.06 1.21 1.21

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.052 0.112 0.196 0.234 0.294 0.339 0.339

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.229 0.658 1.31 1.57 1.57 0.376 0.376

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

-0.0093 0.059 0.172 0.221 0.088 -0.619 -0.619
10-B-147

Table 10-B.3.129 Equipment Class 9, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.0010 -0.0001 -0.0003 -0.0004 -0.0005 -0.0010 -0.0010 -0.0010

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.0013 0.0002 0.0003 0.0005 0.0007 0.0008 0.0008 0.0008

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0003 0.0005 0.0009 0.0012 0.0007 0.0007 0.0007

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0000 0.0000 0.0001 0.0001 -0.0002 -0.0002 -0.0002

Table 10-B.3.130 Equipment Class 10, 1 Percent Load Growth, Medium Price Elasticity 

Scenario, High Economic Scenario, 7 Percent Discount Rate

Candidate Standard Level

Base 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Transformer 

Shipments 2015-2045 

(Billion KVA)

0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017 0.017

Equipment Cost 

($Billions) 0.142 -0.018 -0.042 -0.057 -0.080 -0.150 -0.150 -0.150

Operating Cost 

(Savings in TSLs) 

($Billions)

0.192 0.024 0.048 0.075 0.101 0.122 0.122 0.122

Cumulative Source 

Savings 2045 (Quads) 0.0067 0.012 0.020 0.027 0.034 0.034 0.034

Net Present Value at 

3% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.044 0.075 0.133 0.174 0.106 0.106 0.106

Net Present Value at 

7% Discount Rate 

($Billions) 

0.0062 0.0064 0.018 0.021 -0.028 -0.028 -0.028