DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

OEOJUGE OTIS SMITH. DiBKCTOK

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 243

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1907-8

PART III. OHIO RIYER BASIN

PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF M. 0. LEIGHTON

BY

A. H. HORTON, M. R. HALL, AND 

R. H. BOLSTER

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1910
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 243

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1907-8

PART III. OHIO RIVER BASIN

PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF M. 0. LEIGHTON

BY

A. H. HORTON, M. R. HALL, AND 

R. H. BOLSTER

Water Resources Branch, 

Geological Survey,

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1910
CONTENTS.

Page.

Introduction.............................................................. 7

Authority for investigations........................................... 7

Scope of investigations................................................ 8

Purposes of the work. ............................^.................... 9

Publications.......................................................... 10

Definition of terms................................................... 13

Convenient equivalents................................................ 14

Explanation of tables................................................. 15

Field methods of measuring stream flow................................. 16

Office methods of computing and studying discharge and run-off.......... 21

Accuracy and reliability of field data and comparative results........... 26

Use of the data........................................................ 27

Cooperation and acknowledgments..................................... 28

Division of work...................................................... 28

Ohio River drainage basin ................................................ 29

General description ................................................... 29

Allegheny River drainage basin........................................ 33

Description of basin............................................... 33

Allegheny River at Redhouse, N. Y............................... 35

Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa ................................ 38

Kiskiminetas River at Avonmore, Pa .............................. 41

Blacklick Creek at Blacklick, Pa................................... 44

Monongahela River drainage basin..................................... 47

Description of basin............................................... 47

Tygart River at Belington, W. Va.................................. 48

Tygart River at Fetterman, W. Va.................................. 50

Buckhannon River at Hall, W.Va................................. 52

West Fork River at Enterprise, W. Va. ............................ 53

Buffalo Creek at Barrackville, W. Va............................... 55

Youghiogheny River at Confluence, Pa. ........................... 57

Casselman River at Confluence, Pa................................. 60

Laurel Hill Creek at Confluence, Pa................................ 63

Muskingum River drainage basin...................................... 66

Description of basin............................................... 66

Muskingum River at Zanesville, Ohio............................... 67

Kanawha River drainage basin......................................... 69

Description of basin............................................... 69

South Fork of New River near Crnmpler, N. C..................... 71

New River near Grayson, Va. ..................................... 72

New River at Radford, Va. ...... . . ........................... 73

New River at Fayette, W. Va. .................................... 75

3
4 CONTENTS.

Ohio River drainage basin Continued.

Kanawha River drainage basin Continued. Page.

North Fork of New River near Crumpler, N. C....................... 76

Reed Creek at Grahams Forge, Va.................................. 77

Big Reed Island Creek near Allisonia, Va............................ 78

Little River near Copper Valley, Va................................ 79

Walker Creek at Staffordsville, Va................................... 79

Wolf Creek near Narrows, Va....................................... 80

Bluestone River at Lilly, W. Va..................................... 81

Greenbrier River near Marlinton, W. Va............................ 82

Greenbrier River at Alderson, W. Va................................ 82

Gauley River at Allingdale, W. Va................................. 85

Gauley River near Summersville, W. Va............................. 85

Gauley River at Belva, W. Va..................................... 86

Cherry River at Richwood, W. Va................................... 87

Meadow River near Russellville, W. Va............................. 88

Elk River at Webster Springs, W. Va............................... 88

Elk River at Gassaway, W. Va..................................... 89

Elk River at Clendenin, W. Va..................................... 90

Coal River at Brushton, W. Va..................................... 91

Coal River at Tornado, \V. Va....................................... 92

Pocotaligo River at Sissonville, W. Va............................... 93

Miami River drainage basin............................................ 94

Description of basin............................................... 94

Miami River at Dayton, Ohio...................................... 95

Wabash River drainage basin........................................... 97

Description of basin............................................... 97

Wabash River at Mount Carmel, 111.................................. 99

Tippecanoe River near Delphi, Ind ................................ 100

East Branch of White River at ShoaK Ind........................... 101

Little Wabash River near Clay City, 111............................. 103

Little Wabash River near Golden Gate, 111.......................... 103

Little Wabash River at Carmi, 111................................... 104

Skillet Fork near Wayne City, 111.................................. 104

Skillet Fork near Mill Shoals, 111................................... 105

Tennessee River basin.................................................. 106

Description of basin............................................... 106

French Broad River at Rosman, N. C............................... 109

French Broad River near Asheville, N. C........................... 112

French Broad River near Newport, Tenn.............................. 115

Tennessee River at Knoxville, Tenn................................. 116

Tennessee River at Chattanooga, Tenn.............................. 118

Davidson River near Davidson River, N. C.......................... 121

Little River at Calhoun, N. C....................................... 123

North Fork of Mills River at Pinkbed, N. C......................... 125

South Fork of Mills River near Sitton, N. C.......................... 128

Mud Creek at Naples, N. C......................................... 130

Swannanoa River at Swannanoa, N. C .............................. 132

Ivy River at Democrat, N. C........................................ 135

Pigeon River at Canton, N. C...................................... 136

Pigeon River at Newport, Teiin.................................... 139

Nolichucky River near Greenville, Tenn............................. 142

North Toe River at Spruce Pine, N. C............................... 144
CONTENTS. 5

Ohio River drainage basin Continued.

Tennessee River basin Continued. Page.

Holston River drainage basin........................................ 146

Description of basin............................................ 146

South Fork of Holston River near Chilhowie, Va................. 148

South Fork of Holston River at Bluff City, Tenn................. 151

Holston River near Rogersville, Tenn............................ 153

Middle Fork of Holston River at Chilhowie, Ya................... 155

Watauga River near Elizabethton, Tenn........................ 157

Doe River at Elizabethton, Tenn............................... 160

North Fork of Holston River at Saltville, Va.................... 162

Little Tennessee River drainage basin............................... 164

Description of basin.............................'.............. 164

Little Tennessee River near Franklin, N. C..................... 165

Little Tennessee River at Judson, N. C......................... 168

Little Tennessee River at McGhee, Tenn........................ 170

Cullasaja River at Cullasaja, N. C.............................. ] 72

Nantahala River near Nantahala, N. C.......................... 175

Tuckaseegee River near East Laport, N. C...................... 178

Tuckaseegee River at Bryson, N. C.............................. 180

Scotts Creek near Dillsboro, N. C................................ 183

Oconolufty River near Cherokee, N. C.......................... 184

Cheoah River at Millsaps, N. C................................. 186

Clinch River at Clinchport, Va................................. 188

Hiawassee River drainage basin.................................... 190

Description of basin........................................... 190

Hiawassee River near Hayesville, N. C.......................... 190

Hiawassee River at Murphy, N. C............................... 193

Hiawassee River at Reliance, Tenn............................. ]96

Tusquitee Creek near Hayesville, N. C.......................... 198

Valley River at Tomotla, N. C.................................. 201

Toccoa River near Dial, Ga.................................... 203

.Ocoee River at McCaya, Tenn................................... 205

Elk River near Elkmont, Ala................................... 208

Duck River at Columbia, Tenn................................. 210

Miscellaneous measurements.......................................... 212

Summaries of discharge per square mile...................................... 213

Index.................................................................... 215

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PLATE I. A, Current-meter rating station at Los "Angeles, Cal.; B, Bridge station and cross section of stream illustrative of 0.2 and 0.8 depth 

method ...................................................... 18

II. Price penta-recording current meters............................... 20

III. Cumberland River Falls, Whitley County, Ky., in 1896............. 30

IV. A, New River Falls, 2 miles above Sandstone, Summers County, 

W. Va., in 1896; B, Kanawha Falls, Fayette County, W. Va., in 

1895.......................................................... 70

FIGURE 1. Discharge, area, and mean velocity curves of Kiskiminetas River

at Avonmore, Pa.............................................. 23
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE OHIO RIVER 

BASIN, 1907-8.

By A. H. HORTON, M. R. HALL, and R. H. BOLSTER.

INTRODUCTION.

AUTHORITY FOR INVESTIGATIONS.

This volume contains results of flow measurements made on certain streams in the United States. The work was performed by 

the water-resources branch of the United States Geological Survey, 

either independently or in cooperation with organizations mentioned 

herein. These investigations are authorized by the organic law of 

the Geological Survey (Stat. L., vol. 20, p. 394), which provides, 

among other things, as follows:

Provided that this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the Geological 

Survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

Inasmuch as water is the most abundant and most valuable 

mineral in nature, the investigation of water resources is included 

under the above provision for investigating mineral resources. The 

work has been supported since the fiscal year ending June 30, 1895, 

by appropriations in successive sundry civil bills passed by Congress 

under the following item:

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and 

for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources.

The various appropriations that have been made for this purpose 

are as follows:

Annual appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30 

1895............................................................... $12,500

1896................................-.-.....-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.---.-.- 20,000

1897 to 1900, inclusive ............................................. 50,000

1901 to 1902, inclusive ............................................. 100, 000

1903 to 1906,inclusive ............................................. 200,000

1907.............................-....-..--.-..-----...--.----..-.. 150,000

1908 to 1910,inclusive ............................................. 100,000

7
8 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8. 

SCOPE OF INVESTIGATIONS.

These investigations are not complete nor do they include all the 

river systems or parts thereof that might purposefully be studied. 

The scope of the work is limited to that which can be provided with 

the appropriations available. The field covered and the character 

of the work are believed to be the best that could be accomplished 

under the controlling conditions. It would undoubtedly be of more 

scientific importance and ultimately of more practical value if the 

money now applied to wide areas were concentrated on a few small 

basins. Such a course-is impossible because general appropriations 

made by Congress are applicable to all parts of the country. Each 

part demands its proportionate share of the benefits.

It is essential that records of stream flow shall be maintained during a period of years sufficient to cover all stages, in order that within 

reasonable limits the entire range of flow from the absolute maximum 

to the absolute minimum may be determined. The length of such a 

period manifestly varies for different streams and can not be absolutely determined. Experience has shown that the records should 

cover from five to ten years, or for some streams twenty years or 

more, the limit being determined by the relative importance of the 

stream and the interdependence of the results and other long-time 

records on adjacent streams.

In the performance of this work the Geological Survey endeavors 

to approach as nearly as possible the highest degree of precision 

which a rational expenditure of time and a judicious expenditure of 

a small amount of money will allow. In all engineering work there 

is a point of refinement beyond which it is needless and wasteful to 

proceed, and this principle applies with especial force to stream-flow 

measurements. It is confidently believed that with some unavoidable exceptions.the stream-flow data presented in the publications of 

the Survey are sufficiently accurate for all practical purposes. Many 

of the records are, however, of insufficient length, owing to the unforeseen reduction of appropriations and consequent abandonment of 

many stations. All persons are cautioned to exercise the greatest 

care in the utilization of such incomplete records.

Records of varying lengths have been obtained at about 1,400 different points in the United States, and in addition the surface water 

supply of small areas in Seward Peninsula and the Yukon-Tanana 

region, Alaska, has been investigated. During 1907 and 1908 regular 

gaging stations were maintained by the Survey and cooperating 

organizations at about 740 points in the United States, and in addition numerous miscellaneous measurements were made. Data were 

also obtained in regard to precipitation, evaporation, storage reservoirs, river profiles, and water power in many sections of the country.
INTRODUCTION. 9

These data will be made available in the regular surface water-supply 

papers and in special papers from time to time.

PURPOSES OF THE WORK.

Among the purposes for which the results contained in this volume 

are requisite are navigation, irrigation, domestic water supply, water 

power, swamp and overflow land drainage, and flood prevention. 

The demands of all these interests are immediate.

Navigation. The Federal Government has expended more than 

$250,000,000 for the improvement of inland navigation and prospective expenditures will approximate several times this amount. 

It is obvious that the determination of stream flow is necessary to 

the intelligent solution of the many problems involved.

Irrigation. The United States is now expending $42,000,000 on 

federal irrigation systems, and this amount is far exceeded by the 

private expenditures of this nature in the arid West. The integrity of 

any irrigation system is based absolutely on the amount of water 

available. Therefore investigations of stream flow in that portion 

of the country are of first importance in the redemption of the lands, 

as well as constituting an insurance of federal and private investments.

Domestic water supply. The highest use of water is that of domestic supply, and while the federal interest in this aspect of the 

matter is less direct than in the aspects already named this use of 

water nevertheless has so broad a significance with respect to the 

general welfare that the Federal Government is ultimately and intimately concerned.

Water power. The time is rapidly approaching when the development of the water power of the country will be an economic necessity. 

Our stock of coal is being rapidly depleted and the cost of steam 

power is increasing accordingly. Industry will cease its growth if 

cheap power is not available, and in that event the United States as a 

nation will cease to progress. Water power is the only avenue now 

open. When the electric transmission of power was accomplished, 

the relation of our water powers to national economy changed entirely. Previous to the day of electric transmission the importance 

of a water power was largely confined to the locality at which it was 

generated, but it has now become a public utility in which the individual citizen is vitally interested. Inasmuch as the amount of 

water power that may be made available is dependent on the flow 

of rivers, the investigation of flow becomes a prerequisite in the 

judicious management of this source of energy.

Drainage of swamp and overflowed lands. More than 70,000,000 

acres of the richest land in this country are now practically worthless, or of precarious value, by reason of overflow and swamp con-
10 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

ditions. When this land is drained it becomes exceedingly productive and its value increases many fold. Such reclamation would 

add to the national assets at least $700,000,000. The study of runoff is the first consideration in connection with drainage projects. 

If by the drainage of a large area into any particular channel that 

channel becomes so gorged with water which it had not hitherto been 

called upon to convey that overflow conditions are created in places 

where previously the land was not subject to inundation, then drainage results merely in an. exchange of land values. This is not the 

purpose of drainage improvement.

Flood prevention. The damage from floods in the United States 

exceeds $100,000,000 annually and in the year 1908 the aggregate 

damage, based on reliable data, approximated $250,000,000. Such 

an annual tax on the property of great regions should be reduced in 

the orderly progress of government. It goes without saying that any 

consideration of flood prevention must be based on a thorough 

knowledge of stream flow, both in the contributing areas which furnish the water and along the great lowland rivers.

PUBLICATIONS.

The data on stream flow collected by the United States Geological 

Survey since its inception have appeared in the annual reports, 

bulletins, and water-supply papers. Owing to natural processes of 

evolution ami to changes in governmental requirements, the character 

of the work and the territory covered by these different publications 

has varied greatly. For the purpose of uniformity in the presentation of reports a general plan has been agreed upon by the United 

States Reclamation Service, the United States Forest Service, the 

United States Weather Bureau, and the United States Geological 

Survey, according to which the area of the United States has been 

divided into twelve parts, whose boundaries coincide with certain 

natural drainage lines. The areas so described are indicated by the 

following list of papers on surface water supply for 1907 and 1908. 

The dividing line between the North Atlantic and South Atlantic 

drainage areas lies between York and James rivers.

Papers on surface water supply of the United States, 1907-8.

Part.

I

II

III

IV

V

No. | Title.

241

242

243

244

245

North Atlantic coast.

South Atlantic coast and eastern Gulf

of Mexico.

Ohio River basin.

St. Lawrence River basin.

Upper Mississippi River and Hudson

Bay basin.

Part.

VI

VII

VIII

IX

X

XI

XII

No.

246

247

248

249

250

251

252

Title.

Missouri ^'vor basin.

Lower Mississippi River basin.

Western Gulf of Mexico.

Colorado River basin.

Great Basin.

California.

North Pacific coast.
INTRODUCTION. 11

The following table gives the character of data regarding stream 

flow at regular stations to be found in the various publications of the 

United States Geological Survey exclusive of all special papers. 

Numbers of reports are inclusive and dates also are inclusive so far 

as the data are available.

Stream-floiv data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[Ann.= Annual Report; B.= Bulletin; W. S.= Water-Supply Paper.]

Report. Character of data.

10th Ann., pt. 2........ i Descriptive information only...................................

llth Ann., pt. 2........ j Monthly discharge............................................. 1884 to Sept.,

1890. 

12th Ann., pt. 2.............do......................................................... 1884 to June30,

1891. 

13th Ann., pt. 3........ Mean discharge in second-feet.................................. 1884 to Dec. 31,

1892. 

14th Ann., pt. 2........ I Monthly discharge (long-time records, 1871 to 1893)............. 1888 to Dec. 31,

1893. 

B. 131.................. Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, and ratings......... 1893 and 1894.

16th Ann., pt. 2........ Descriptive information only...................................

B. 140.................. Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, ratings, and monthly 1895.

discharge (also many data covering earlier years). 

W. S. 11............... Gage heights (also gage heights for earlier years)................ 1896.

18th Ann., pt. 4........ Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 1895 and 1896.

(also similar data for earlier years). 

W S. 15............... Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, eastern United 1897.

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River aboVe

junction with Kansas. 

W. S. 16............... Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, western Missis- 1897.

sippi River below junction of Missouri and Platte, and western United States. 

19th Ann., pt. 4........ Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 1897.

(also some long-time records). 

W S. 27............... Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, eastern United States, 1898.

eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River. 

W. S. 28............... Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, Arkansas River and 1898.

western United States. 

20th Ann., pt. 4........ Monthly discharge (also for many earlier years)................ 1898.

W. S. 35 to 39.......... Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, and ratings......... 1899.

21st Ann., pt. 4........ Monthly discharge............................................. 1899.

W. S. 47 to 52.......... Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, and ratings......... 1900.

22d Ann., pt. 4......... Monthly discharge............................................. 1900.

W. S. 65,66............ Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, and ratings......... 1901.

W. S. 75............... Monthly discharge.............^............................... 1901.

W. S. 82 to 85.......... Complete data................................................. 1902.

W.S.97tolOO......... .....do......................................................... 1903.

W. S. 124 to 135.............do......................................................... 1904.

W, S. 165 to 178.............do......................................................... 1905.

W. S. 201 to 214........ Complete data, except descriptions............................. 1906.

W. S. 241 to 252........ Complete data................................................. 1907-8.

Year.

NOTE. No data regarding stream flow are given in the 15th and 17th annual reports.

The records at most of the stations discussed in these reports 

extend over a series of years. An index of the reports containing 

records prior to 1904 has been published in Water-Supply Paper 119. 

The first table which follows gives, by years and drainage basins, the 

numbers of the papers on surface water supply published from 1899 

to 1908. Wherever the data for a drainage basin appear in two 

papers the number of one is placed in parentheses and the portion of 

the basin covered by that paper is indicated in the second table. For 

example, in 1904 the data for Missouri Hiver were published in WaterSupply Papers 130 and 131, and the portion of the records contained 

in Water-Supply Paper 131, as indicated by the second table, is that 

relating to Platte and Kansas rivers.
12 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream measurements, 1899-1908.

Atlantic coast and eastern 

Gulf of Mexico: 

New England rivers ..... 

Hudson River to Delaware River, inclusive. . 

Susquehanna River to 

York River, inclusive. . 

James River to Yadkin

- Santee River to Pearl

Mississippi River:

Upper Mississippi River.

Lower Mississippi River.

Pacific coast and Great Basin:

South Pacific coast to 

Klamath River, Inclu1899.a

35 

35 

35 

(35), 36

36

36

36

36 

(36),37

37 

37

(37), 38

38, (39)

(38), 39

38

1900.6

47

47,(48) 

48 

48

48

49

48,(49)

49 

49, (50)

50 

50

50

51

51

51

1901.

65,75 

65,75 

65, 75 

65,75

65,75

65,75

66,75

65, 75

65, 75 

66, 75

f (65), 

\ 66, 75 

66, 75

6(5, 75

66, 75

66, 75

66,75

1902.

82 

82 

^82 

(82),83

83

(82),83

85

83

83 

84

}(83),84 

84

85

85

85

85

1903.

97 

97 

97 

(97),98

98

97

100

98

98, (99) 

99

(98),99 

99

100

100

100

100

1904.

124 

125 

126 

126

127

129

130

1.28

/ 128, 

t (130) 

/ 130,

I (131) 

/(128), 

t 131 

132

/ 133,

t (134) 

/ 133,

t (134) 

134

135

1905.

165 

166 

167

167

168

170

171

169

} m

| 172

(169), 

173 

174

175,

(177) 

176,

(177) 

177

/ (177)

t 178

1906.

201 

202 

203 

203

204

206

207

205

207 

208

(205), 

209 

210

211

(213) 

212,

(213) 

213

| 214

1907-S.

241 

241 

241 

242

242

244

245

243

245 

246

} 247 

248

249,

(251) 

250,

(251) 

251

252

i Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 contained in Water-Supply Paper 39. 

& Rating tables and index to Water Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, wells, and irrigation 

in California and Utah contained in Water-Supply Paper 52.

Numbers of water-supply papers containing data covering portions of drainage basins.

No.

35

36

37

38

39

48

49

65

82

83

97

98

99

130

134

1fi9

177

?05

251

River basin.

Ohio ..............................

IGreat Basin. ......................

/Colorado. .........................

IGreat Basin.. . ....................

Tributaries included.

Gallatin.

junction with Platte.

Do.

The order of treatment of stations in any basin in these papers is 

downstream. The main stem of any river is determined on the
INTRODUCTION. 13

basis of drainage area, local changes in name and lake surface being 

disregarded. After all stations from the source to the mouth of the 

main stem of the river have been given, the tributaries are taken up 

in regular order from source to mouth. The tributaries are treated 

the same as the main stream, all stations in each tributary basin 

being given before taking up the next one below.

The exceptions to this rule occur in the records for Mississippi 

River, which are given in four parts, as indicated above, and in the 

records for large lakes, where it is often clearer to take up the streams 

in regular order around the rim of the lake than to cross back and 

forth over the lake surface.

DEFINITION OF TERMS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. -These terms may be divided 

into two groups: (1) Those which represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miner's inches, and run-off in second-feet 

per square mile, and (2) those which represent the actual quantity 

of water, as run-off in depth in inches and acre-feet. They may be 

denned as follows:

"Second-foot" is an abbreviation for cubic foot per second and is 

the rate of discharge of water flowing in a stream 1 foot wide, 1 foot 

deep, at a rate of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a fundamental unit from which others are computed by the use of the factors 

given in the following table of equivalents.

"Gallons per minute" is generally used in connection with pumping 

and city water supply.

The "miner's inch" is the rate of discharge of water that passes 

through an orifice 1 inch square under a head which varies locally. 

It is commonly used by miners and irrigators throughout the West 

and is defined by statute in each State in which it is used.

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, 

on the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

"Run-off in inches" is the depth to which the drainage area would 

be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were 

conserved and uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for 

comparing rim-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed in depth 

in inches.

"Acre-foot" is equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, and is the quantity 

required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. It is commonly 

used in connection with storage for irrigation work.
14 SUKFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1907-8. 

CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS.

The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic 

computations :

1 second-foot equals 40 California miner's inches (law of March 23, 1901). 

1 second-foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches. 

1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons per 

minute; equals 646,272 gallons for one day.

1 second-foot equals 6.23 British imperial gallons per second.

1 second-foot for one year covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet or 13.572 inches deep.

1 second-foot for one year equals 31,536,000 cubic feet.

1 second-foot equals about ] acre-inch per hour.

1 second-foot for one day covers 1 square mile 0.03719 inch deep.

1 second-foot for one 28-day month covers ] square mile 1.041 inches deep.

1 second-foot for one 29-day month covers 1 square mile 1.079 inches deep.

1 second-foot for one 30-day month covers 1 square mile 1.116 inches deep.

1 second-foot for one 31-day month covers 1 square mile 1.153 inches deep.

1 second-foot for one day equals 1.983 acre-feet.

1 second-foot for one 28-day month equals 55.54 acre-feet.

1 second-foot for one 29-day month equals 57.52 acre-feet.

1 second-foot for one 30-day month equals 59.50 acre-feet.

1 second-foot for one 31-day month equals 61.49 acre-feet.

100 California miner's inches equal 18.7 United States gallons per second.

100 California miner's inches equal 96.0 Colorado miner's inches.

100 California miner's inches for one day equal 4.96 acre-feet.

100 Colorado miner's inches equal 2.60 second-feet.

100 Colorado miner's inches equal 19.5 United States gallons per second.

100 Colorado miner's inches equal 104 California miner's inches.

100 Colorado miner's inches for one day equal 5.17 acre-feet.

100 United States gallons per minute equal 0.223 second-feet.

100 United States gallons per minute for one day equal 0.442 acre-foot.

1,000,000 United States gallons per day equal 1.55 second-feet.

1,000,000 United States gallons equal 3.07 acre-feet.

1,000,000 cubic feet equal 22.95 acre-feet.

1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons.

1 inch deep on one square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 0.0737 second-foot per year.

1 foot equals 0.3048 meter.

1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers.

1 mile equals 5,280 feet.

1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare.

1 acre equals 43,560 square feet.

1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly.

1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers.

1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meter.

1 cubic foot equals 7.48 gallons.

1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds.

1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-foot.

1 horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per second.

1 horsepower equals 76.0 kilogram-meters per second

1 horsepower equals 746 watts.

1 horsepower equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet.
INTRODUCTION. 15

1^ horsepower equal about 1 kilowatt.

To calculate water power quickly: J- - ______ net horsepower on water 

wheel realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power.

EXPLANATION OF TABLES.

For each drainage basin there is given a brief description of 

general conditions covering such features as area, source, tributaries, topography, geology, conditions of forestation, rainfall, ice 

conditions, irrigation, storage, power possibilities, and other special 

features of importance or interest.

For each regular current-meter gaging station are given in general, 

and so far as available, the following data: Description of station, 

list of discharge measurements, table of daily gage heights, rating 

table, table of monthly and yearly discharges and run-off. For 

stations located at weirs or dams the gage-height and rating tables 

are omitted and a table of daily discharge is substituted. For 

stations where the flow is computed by shifting-channel methods, a 

table of daily discharge is given in place of rating tables, which are 

not used in these methods of computation.

In addition to statements regarding the location and installation 

of current-meter stations the descriptions give information in regard 

to any conditions which may affect the constancy of the relation of 

gage height to discharge, covering such points as ice, logging, shifting 

conditions of flow, and backwater; also full information regarding 

diversions which decrease the total flow at the measuring section. 

Statements are also made regarding the accuracy and reliability of 

the data.

The discharge-measurement table gives the results of the discharge 

measurements made during the year, including the date, name of 

hydrographer, width and area of cross section, gage height, and 

discharge in second-feet.

The table of daily gage heights gives the daily fluctuations of the 

surface of the river as found from the mean of the gage readings 

taken each day. At most stations the gage is read in the morning 

and in the evening. The gage height given in the table represents 

the elevation of the surface of the water above the zero of the gage. 

All gage heights during ice conditions, backwater from obstructions, 

etc., are published as recorded, with suitable footnotes. The rating 

is not applicable for such periods unless the proper correction to 

the gage heights is known and applied. Attention is called to the 

fact that the zero of the gage is placed at an arbitrary datum and has 

no relation to zero flow or the bottom of the river. In general, the 

zero is located somewhat below the lowest known flow, so that 

negative readings shall not occur.
16 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

The discharge measurements and gage heights are the base data 

from which the rating tables and monthly-discharge tables are 

computed.

The rating table gives, either directly or by interpolation, the 

discharge in second-feet corresponding to every stage of the river 

recorded during the period for which it is applicable. It is published 

to enable engineers to determine the daily discharge by its application to the table of gage heights or to check results in the table 

of monthly discharge.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow, as determined from the rating table, for the day 

when the mean gage height was highest. As the gage height is the 

mean for the day, it does not indicate correctly the period when the 

water surface was at crest height and the corresponding discharge 

consequently larger than given in this column. Likewise, in the 

column of "Minimum" the quantity given is the mean flow for the 

day when the mean gage height was lowest. The column headed 

"Mean" is the average flow in cubic feet for each second during the 

month. On this the computations for the remaining columns, which 

are defined on page 13, are based.

FIELD METHODS OF MEASURING STREAM FLOW.

There are three distinct methods of determining the flow of openchannel streams: (1) By measurements of slope and cross section 

and the use of Chezy's and Kutter's formulas; (2) by means of a 

weir or dam; (3) by measurements of the velocity of the current and 

of the area of the cross section. The method chosen depends on the 

local physical conditions, the degree of accuracy desired, the funds 

available, and the length of time that the record is to be continued.

Slope method. Much information has been collected relative to the 

coefficients to be used in the Chezy formula, v = c-^Rs. This has 

been utilized by Kutter, both in developing his formula for c and in 

determining the values of the coefficient n which appears therein. 

The results obtained by the slope method are in general only roughly 

approximate, owing to the difficulty in obtaining accurate data and 

the uncertainty of the value for n to be used in Kutter's formula. 

The most common use of this method is in estimating the flood discharge of a stream when the only data available are the cross section, 

the.slope as shown by marks along the bank, and a knowledge of the 

general conditions. It is seldom used by the United States Geological Survey. For full information regarding this method the 

reader is referred to the various text-books on hydraulics.

Weir method. Relatively few stations are maintained at weirs or 

dams by the United States Geological Survey. Standard types of
INTRODUCTION. . 17

sharp-crested and broad-crested weirs within the limits for which 

accurate coefficients have been experimentally obtained give very 

accurate records of discharge if properly maintained. At practically 

all broad-crested weirs, however, there is a diversion of water either 

through or around the dam, usually for the purpose of development 

of water power. The flow is often complicated and the records are 

subject to errors from such sources as leakage through the dam, 

backwater at high stages, uncertainty regarding coefficient, crest 

which is not level, obstructions from logs or ice, use of flashboards, 

old turbines with imperfect ratings, and many others depending on 

the type of development and the uses of the diverted water.

In general, records of discharge at dams are usually accurate enough 

for practical use if no others are available. It has been the general 

experience of the United States Geological Survey, however, that 

records at current meter gaging stations under unobstructed channel 

conditions are more accurate than those collected at dams, and where 

the conditions are reasonably favorable are practically as good as 

those obtained at sharp-crested weirs.

The determination of discharge over the different types of weirs 

and dams is treated fully in "Weir experiments, _coefricients, and 

formulas" (Water-Supply Paper 200°) and in the various textbooks on hydraulics. "Turbine water-wheel tests and power tables" 

(Water-Supply Paper 180) treats of the discharge through turbines 

when used as meters. The editions of both of these water-supply 

papers are practically exhausted. They can, however, be consulted at 

most of the larger libraries of the country or they can be obtained 

from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. C., at a cost 

of 20 cents for No. 180 and 35 cents for No. 200. Remittances must 

be made by postal money order, express order, or New York draft.

Velocity method. Streams in general present throughout their 

courses to a greater or less extent all conditions of permanent, semipermanent, and varying conditions of flow. In accordance with the 

location of the measuring section with respect to these physical 

conditions, current-meter gaging stations may in general be divided 

into four classes (1) those with permanent conditions of flow;

(2) those with beds which change only during extreme high water;

(3) those with beds which change frequently but which do not cause 

a variation of more than about 5 per cent of the discharge curves 

from year to year; and (4) those with constantly shifting beds. 

In determining the daily flow different office methods are necessary 

for each class. The field data on which the determinations are 

based and the methods of collecting them are, however, in general 

the same.

a- Water-Supply Paper 200 is a revision of No. 150, the edition of which is exhausted. 

21144 IRR 243 10 2
18 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Great care is taken in the selection and equipment of gaging 

stations for determining discharge by velocity measurements, in 

order that the data may have the required degree of accuracy. 

They are located, as far as possible, at such points that the relation 

between gage height and discharge will always remain constant 

for any given stage. The experience of engineers of the Geological 

Survey has been that permanency of conditions of flow is the prime 

requisite of any current-meter gaging station when maintained for 

several years unless funds are available to cover all changes in conditions of flow. A straight, smooth section without cross currents, 

backwater, boils, etc., at any stage is highly desirable, but on most 

streams is not attainable except at the cost of a cable equipment. 

Rough, permanent sections, if measurements are properly made 

by experienced engineers, taking measuring points at a distance 

apart of 2 to 5 per cent or less of the total width, will within reasonable 

limits yield better results for a given outlay of money than semipermanent or shifting sections with smooth, uniform current. So 

far as possible stations are located where the banks are high and not 

subject to overflow at high stages and out of the influence of tributary 

streams, dams, or other artificial obstructions which might affect the 

relation between gage height and discharge.

A gaging station consists essentially of a gage for determining 

the daily fluctuations of stage of the river and some structure or 

apparatus from which discharge measurements are made, usually 

a bridge or cable.

The two factors required to determine the discharge of a stream 

past a section perpendicular to the mean direction of the current 

are the area of the cross section and the mean velocity of flow normal 

to that section.

In making a measurement with a current meter a number of 

points, called measuring points, are measured off above and in the 

plane, of the measuring section at which observations of depth and 

velocity are taken. (See PI. I, B.) These points are spaced equally 

for those parts of the section where the flow is uniform and smooth 

and are spaced unequally for other parts according to the discretion 

and judgment of the engineer. In general the points should not 

be spaced farther apart than 5 per cent of the distance between 

piers, nor farther apart than the approximate mean depth of the 

section at the time of measurement.

The measuring points divide the total cross section into elementary 

strips at each end of which observations of depth and velocity 

are made. The discharge of any elementary strip is the product 

of the average of the depths at the two ends times the width of the 

strip times the average of the mean velocities at the two ends of the 

strip, The sum of the, discharges of the elementary scrips is the total
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 243 PLATE I

A. CURRENT-METER RATING STATION AT LOS ANGELES, CAL.

BRIDGE STATION AND CROSS SECTION OF STREAM. 

Illustrating 0.2 and 0.8 depth method.
INTRODUCTION. 19

discharge of the stream. (For a discussion of methods of computing 

the discharge of a stream see Engineering News, June 25, 1908.)

Depths for the determination of the area are usually obtained by 

sounding with the current meter and cable. In rough sections or 

swift current an ordinary weight and cable are used, particular care 

being taken that all observations shall be in the plane of the cross 

section.

Two methods of determining the velocity of flow of a stream are 

in general use the float method and the current-meter method.

The float method with its various modifications of surface, subsurface, and tube or rod floats is now considered obsolete in the ordinary practice of the United States Geological Survey. The use of 

this method is limited to special conditions where it is impracticable 

to use the current meter, such as in places where large quantities of 

ice or debris which may damage the meter are flowing with the current, and for miscellaneous measurements or other work where a 

high degree of accuracy is not.necessary. Tube floats are very satisfactory for use in canals with regular bottoms and even flow of current. Measurements by the float method are made as follows: 

The velocity of flow of the stream is obtained by observing the time 

which it takes floats set free at different points across the stream 

to pass between two range lines about 200 feet apart. The area 

used is the mean value obtained from several cross sections measured 

between the twT o range lines. The chief disadvantages of this method 

are difficulty in obtaining the correct value of mean area for the 

course used and uncertainty regarding the proper coefficient to 

apply to the observed velocity. For further information regarding 

this method the reader is referred to Water-Supply Paper 95 and to 

the various text-books covering the general subject of stream flow.

The Price current meter is now used almost to the exclusion of 

other types of meters by the United States Geological Survey in the 

determination of the velocity of flow of water in open channels, a 

use for which it is adapted under practically all conditions. Plate 

II shows in the center the new type of pent a-recording current meter 

equipped for measurements at bridge and cable stations. On the 

sides of the same type of meter is shown equipped for wading measurements to record by the acoustic method on the left- and by the electric 

method on the right. Briefly, the meter consists of six cups attached 

to a vertical shaft which revolves on a conical hardened steel point 

when immersed in moving water. The number of revolutions is 

indicated electrically. The rating, or relation between the velocity 

of the moving water and the revolutions of the wheel, is determined 

for each meter by drawing it through still water for a given distance 

at different speeds and noting the number of revolutions for each 

run, (See PL I, A.) From these data a rating table is prepared
20 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

which gives the velocity per second of moving water for any number 

of revolutions in a given time interval. The ratio of revolutions per 

second to velocity of flow in feet per second is very nearly a constant 

for all speeds and is approximately 0.45.

Three classes of methods of measuring velocity with current meters 

are in general use multiple-point, single-point, and integration.

The two principal multiple-point methods in general use are the 

vertical velocity curve and 0.2 and 0.8 depth.

In the vertical velocity curve method a series of velocity determinations are made in each vertical at regular intervals, usually about 

10 to 20 per cent of the depth apart. By plotting these velocities as 

abscissas and their depths as ordinates and drawing a smooth curve 

among the resulting points, the vertical velocity curve is developed. 

This curve shows graphically the magnitude and changes in velocity 

from the surface to the bottom of the stream. The mean velocity 

in the vertical is then obtained by dividing the area bounded by 

this velocity curve and its axis by the depth. This method of obtaining the mean velocity in the vertical is probably the best known, 

but on account of the length of time required to make a complete 

measurement its use is largely limited to the determination of coefficients for purposes of comparison and to measurements under ice.

In the second multiple-point method the meter is held successively 

at 0.2 and 0.8 depth, and the mean of the velocities at these two points 

is taken as the mean velocity for that vertical. (See PI. I, B.) On the 

assumption that the vertical velocity curve is a common parabola 

with horizontal axis, the mean of the velocities at 0.22 and 0.79 depth 

will give (closely) the mean velocity in the vertical. Actual observations under a wide range of conditions show that this multiple-point 

method gives the mean velocity very closely for open-water conditions and that in a completed measurement it seldom varies as much 

as 1 per cent from the value given by the vertical velocity curve 

method. Moreover, the indications are that it holds nearly as well 

for ice-covered rivers. It is very extensively used in the regular 

practice of the United States Geological Survey.

The single-point method consists in holding the meter either at 

the depth of the thread of mean velocity or at an arbitrary depth 

for which the coefficient for reducing to mean velocity has been 

determined or must be assumed.

Extensive experiments by means of vertical velocity curves show 

that the thread of mean velocity generally occurs between 0.5 and 

0.7 total depth. In general practice the thread of mean velocity is 

considered to be at 0.6 depth, and at this point the meter is held in 

most of the measurements made by the single-point method. A 

large number of vertical velocity curve measurements, taken on 

many streams and under varying conditions, show that the average
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 243 PLATE

PRICE PENTA-RECORDING CURRENT METERS.
INTRODUCTION. 21

coefficient for reducing the velocity obtained at 0.6 depth to mean 

velocity is practically unity. The variation of the coefficient from 

unity in individual cases is, however, greater that in the 0.2 and 

0.8 method and the general results are not as satisfactory.

In the other principal single-point method the meter is held near 

the surface, usually 1 foot below, or low enough to be out of the effect 

of the wind or other disturbing influences. This is known as the subsurface method. The coefficient for reducing the velocity taken at 

the subsurface to the mean has been found to be in general from 

about 0.85 to 0.95, depending on the stage, velocity, and channel 

conditions. The higher the stage the larger the coefficient. This 

method is especially adapted for flood measurements, or when the 

velocity is so great that the meter can not be kept in the correct 

position for the other methods.

The vertical integration method consists in moving the meter at a 

slow, uniform speed from the surface to the bottom and back again 

to the surface and noting the number of revolutions and the time 

taken in the operation. This method has the advantage that the 

velocity at each point of the vertical is measured twice. It is useful 

as a check on the point methods. In using the Price meter great 

care should be taken that the vertical movement of the meter is not 

rapid enough to vitiate the accuracy of the resulting velocity.

The determination of the flow of an ice-covered stream is difficult, 

owing to diversity and instability of conditions during the winter 

period and also to lack of definite information in regard to the laws of 

flow of water under ice. The method now employed is to make frequent discharge measurements during the frozen periods by the 0.2 

and 0.8 and the vertical velocity curve methods, and to keep an 

accurate record of the conditions, such as the gage height to the surface of the water as it rises in a hole cut in the ice, and the thickness 

and character of the ice. From these data an approximate estimate 

of the daily flow can be made by constructing a rating curve (really 

a series of curves) similar to that used for open channels, but considering, in addition to gage heights and discharge, the varying thickness of ice. For information in regard to flow under ice cover, see 

Water-Supply Paper 187.

OFFICE METHODS OF COMPUTING AND STUDYING DISCHARGE AND

RUN-OFF.

At the end of each year the field or base data for current-meter 

gaging stations, consisting of daily gage heights, discharge measurements, and full notes, are assembled. The measurements are plotted 

on cross-section paper and rating curves are drawn wherever feasible. 

The rating tables prepared from these curves are then applied to 

the tables of daily gage heights to obtain the daily discharges, and
22 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

from these applications the tables of monthly discharge and run-off 

are computed.

Kating curves are drawn and studied with special reference to 

the class of channel conditions which they represent. (See p. 17.)' 

The discharge measurements for all classes of stations when plotted 

with gage heights in feet as ordinates and discharges in second-feet 

as abscissas define rating curves which are more or less generally 

parabolic in form. In many cases curves of area in square feet 

and mean velocity in feet per second are also constructed to the 

same scale of ordinates as the discharge curve. These are used 

mainly to extend the discharge curves beyond the limits of the 

plotted discharge measurements, and for checking purposes to avoid 

errors in the form of the discharge curve and to determine and eliminate erroneous measurements.

For every published rating table the following assumptions are 

made for the period of application of the table: (a) That the discharge is a function of and increases gradually with the stage; (b) 

that the discharge is the same whenever the stream is at a given 

stage, and hence such changes in conditions of flow as may have 

occurred during the period of application are either compensating or 

negligible, except that the rating as stated in the footnote of each 

table is not applicable for known conditions of ice, log jams, or other 

similar obstructions; (c) that the increased and decreased discharge 

due to change of slope on rising and falling stages is either negligible 

or compensating.

As already stated, the gaging stations may be divided into several 

classes, as indicated in the following paragraphs:

The stations of class 1 represent the most favorable conditions for 

an accurate rating and are also the most economical to maintain. 

The bed of the stream is usually composed of rock and is not subject 

to the deposit of sediment and loose material. This class includes 

also many stations located in a pool below which is a permanent 

rocky riffle that controls the flow like a weir. Provided the control 

is sufficiently high and close to the gage to prevent cut and fill at the 

gaging point from materially affecting the slope of the water surface, 

the gage height will for all practical purposes be a true index of the 

discharge. Discharge measurements made at such stations usually 

plot within 2 or 3 per cent of the mean-discharge curve and the rating 

developed from that curve represents a very high degree of accuracy. 

For illustrative example of a station of this type see figure 1 and 

Water-Supply Paper 241.

Class 2 is confined mainly to stations on rough mountainous streams 

with steep slopes. The beds of such streams are as a rule comparatively permanent during low and medium stages and when the flow 

is sufficiently well defined by an adequate number of discharge
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FIGUKE 1. Discharge, area, and mean velocity curves for Kiskiminete
24 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

measurements before and after each flood the stations of this class 

give nearly as good results as those of class 1. As it is seldom possible to make measurements covering the time of change at flood 

stage, the assumption is often made that the curves before and after 

the flood converged to a common point at the highest gage height 

recorded during the flood. Hence the only uncertain period occurs 

during the few days of highest gage heights covering the period of 

actual change in conditions of flow. For illustrative examples of 

stations of this type see Water-Supply Paper 246.

Class 3 includes most of the current-meter gaging stations maintained by the United States Geological Survey. If sufficient measurements could be made at stations of this class results would be 

obtained nearly equaling those of class 1, but owing to the limited 

funds at the disposal of the Survey this is manifestly impossible, nor 

is it necessary for the uses to which discharge data are applied. The 

critical points are as a rule at relatively high or low stages. The 

percentage error, however, is greater at low stages. No absolute rule 

can be laid down for stations of this class. Each rating curve must 

be constructed mainly on the basis of the measurements of the current year, the engineer being guided largely by the past history of the 

station and the following general law: If all measurements ever made 

at a station of this class are plotted on cross-section paper, they will 

define a mean curve which may be called a standard curve. It has 

been found in practice that if after a change caused by high stage, a 

relatively constant condition of flow occurs at medium and low 

stages, all measurements made after the change will plot on a smooth 

curve which is practically parallel to the standard curve with respect 

to their ordinates or gage heights. This law of the parallelism of ratings 

is the fundamental basis of all ratings and estimates at stations with 

semipermanent and shifting channels. It is not absolutely correct 

but, with few exceptions, answers all the practical requirements 

of estimates made at low and medium stages after a change at 

a high stage. This law appears to hold equally true whether the 

change occurs at the measuring section or at some controlling point 

below. The change is of course fundamentally due to change 

in the channel caused by cut, or fill, or both, at and near the measuring section. For all except small streams the changes in section 

usually occur at the bottom. The following simple but typical 

examples illustrate this law:

(«) If 0.5 foot of planking were to be nailed on the bottom of a 

well-rated wooden flume of rectangular section there would result, 

other conditions of flow being equal, new curves of discharge, area, 

and velocity, each plotting 0.5 foot above the original curves when 

referred to the original gage. In other words, this condition would 

be analogous to a uniform fill or cut in a river channel which either
INTRODUCTION. ' 25

reduces or increases all three values of discharge, area, and velocity 

for any gage height. In practice, however, such ideal conditions 

rarely exist.

(6) In the case of a cut or fill at the measuring section there is a 

marked tendency toward decrease or increase, respectively, of the 

velocity. In other words, the velocity has a compensating effect and 

if the compensation is exact at all stages the discharge at a given 

stage will be the same under both the new and the old conditions.

(c) In the case of uniform. change along the crest of a weir or 

rocky controlling point, the area curve will remain the same as 

before the change, and it can be shown that here again the change 

in velocity curve is such that it will produce a new discharge curve 

essentially parallel to the original discharge curve with respect to 

their ordinates.

Of course in actual practice such simple changes of section do not 

occur. The changes are complicated and lack uniformity, a cut at 

one place being largely offset by a fill at another and vice versa. 

If these changes are very radical and involve large percentages of 

the total area as, for example, on small streams there may result 

a wide departure from the law of parallelism of ratings. In complicated changes of section the corresponding changes in velocity 

which tend to produce a new parallel discharge curve may interfere 

with each other materially, causing eddies, boils, backwater, and 

radical changes in slope. In such extreme conditions, however, the 

measuring section would more properly fall under class 4 and would 

require very frequent measurements of discharge. Special stress is 

laid on the fact that in the lack of other data to the contrary the 

utilization of this law will yield the most probable results.

Slight changes at low or medium stages of an oscillating character 

are usually averaged by a mean curve drawn among them parallel 

to the standard curve, and if the individual measurements do not 

vary more than 5 per cent from the rating curve the results are 

considered good for stations of this class.

For illustrative example of a station of this type see Water-Supply 

Paper 242.

Class 4 comprises stations that have soft, muddy, or sandy beds. 

Good results can be obtained from such sections only by frequent 

discharge measurements, the frequency varying from a measurement every two or three weeks to a measurement every day, according to the rate of diurnal change in conditions of flow. These 

measurements are plotted and a mean or standard curve drawn 

among them. It is assumed that there is a different rating curve 

for every day of the year and that this rating is parallel to the 

standard curve with respect to their ordinates. On the day of a 

measurement the rating curve for that day passes through that
26 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

measurement. For days between successive measurements it is 

assumed that the rate of change is uniform, and hence the ratings 

for the intervening days are equally spaced between the ratings 

passing through the two measurements. This method must be 

modified or abandoned altogether under special conditions. Personal judgment and a knowledge of the conditions involved can alone 

dictate the course to pursue in such cases. For illustrative example 

of a station of this type, showing the Bolster method of determining 

the daily discharge graphically, see Water-Supply Papers 247 and 249.

The computations have, as a rule, been carried to three significant 

figures. Computation machines, Crelle's tables, and the 20-inch slide 

rule have been generally used. All computations are carefully 

checked.

After the computations have been completed they are entered in 

tables and carefully studied and intercompared to eliminate or 

account for all gross errors so far as possible. Missing periods are 

filled in, so far as feasible, by means of comparison with adjacent 

streams. The attempt is made to complete years or periods of discharge, thus eliminating fragmentary and disjointed records. Full 

notes accompanying such estimates follow the monthly discharge 

tables.

For most of the northern stations estimates have been made of 

the monthly discharge during frozen periods. These are based on 

measurements under ice conditions wherever available, daily records 

of temperature and precipitation obtained from the United States 

Weather Bureau climate and crop reports, observers' notes of conditions, and a careful and thorough intercomparison of results with 

adjacent streams. Although every care possible is used in making 

these estimates they are often very rough, the data for some of 

them being so poor that the estimates are liable to as much as 25 

to 50 per cent error. It is believed, however, that estimates of this 

character are better than none at all, and serve the purpose of indicating in a relative way the proportionate amount of flow during 

the frozen period. These estimates are, as a rule, included in the 

annual discharge. The large error of the individual months has a 

relatively small effect on the annual total, and it is for many purposes desirable to have the yearly discharge computed even though 

some error is involved in doing so.

ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPARATIVE

RESULTS.

Practically all discharge measurements made under fair conditions are well within 5 per cent of the true discharge at the time of 

observation. Inasmuch as the errors of meter measurements are 

largely compensating, the mean rating curve, when well defined, is
INTRODUCTION. 27

much more accurate than the individual measurements. Numerous 

tests and experiments have been made to test the accuracy of currentmeter work. These show that it compares very favorably with the 

results from standard weirs, and, owing to simplicity of methods, 

usually gives results that are much more reliable than those from 

stations at dams, where uncertainty regarding the coefficient and 

complicated conditions of flow prevail.

The work is, of course, dependent on the reliability of the observers. 

With relatively few exceptions, the observers perform their work 

honestly. Care is taken, however, to watch them closely and to 

inquire into any discrepancies. It is, of course, obvious that one 

gage reading a day does not always give the mean height for that 

day. As an almost invariable rule, however, errors from this source 

are compensating and virtually negligible in a period of one month, 

although a single day's reading may, when taken by itself, be considerably in error.

In order to give engineers and others information regarding the 

probable accuracy of the computed results, footnotes are added to the 

rating tables and an accuracy column is inserted in the monthly discharge table. In the rating tables "well denned" indicates in general 

that the rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly well 

denned," within 10 per cent; "poorly denned" or "approximate," 

within 15 to 25 per cent. These notes are very general and are based 

on the plotting of the individual measurements with reference to the 

mean rating curve.

The accuracy column in the monthly discharge table does not apply 

to the maximum or minimum nor to any individual day, but to the 

monthly mean. It is based on the accuracy of the rating, the probable reliability of the observer, and knowledge of local conditions. In 

this column, A indicates that the mean monthly flow is probably 

accurate within 5 per cent; B, within 10 per cent; C, within 15 per 

cent; D, within 25 per cent. Special conditions are covered by footnotes. «

USE OF THE DATA.

In general the policy is followed of making available for the public 

the base data which are collected in the field each year by the Survey 

engineers. This is done to comply with the law, but also for the 

express purpose of giving to any engineer the opportunity of examining the computed results and of changing and adjusting them as may 

seem best to him. Although it is believed that the rating tables and 

computed monthly discharges are as good as the base data up to and 

including the current year will warrant, it should always be borne in 

mind that the additional data collected at each station from year to 

year nearly always throw new light on data already collected and
28 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

published, and hence allow more or less improvement in the computed 

results of earlier years. It is therefore expected that the engineer 

who makes serious use of the data given in these papers will verify 

all ratings and make such adjustments in earlier years as may seem 

necessary. The work of compiling, studying, revising, and republishing data for different drainage basins for five or ten year periods or 

more is carried on by the United States Geological Survey so far as 

the funds for such work are available.

The values in the table of monthly discharge are so arranged as to 

give only a general idea of the conditions of flow at the station, and it 

is not expected that they will be used for other than preliminary 

estimates. This is particularly true of the maximum and minimum 

figures, which in the very nature of the method of collecting these 

data are liable to large errors. The maximum value should be 

increased considerably for many stations in considering designs for 

spillways, and the minimum value should be considered for a group 

of, say, seven days and not for one day.

The rating table, provided the engineer accepts it, is published 

primarily to allow him to apply it directly to the daily gage heights 

and rearrange the daily discharges in order of magnitude or by some 

other method.

COOPERATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

Assistance has been rendered and records furnished by the following persons to whom special acknowledgment is due: Members of 

the United States Corps of Engineers; United States Weather Bureau; 

the Water Supply Commission of Pennsylvania; the North Carolina 

Geological Survey; the Geological Survey of Alabama; and to Dr. 

C. A. Schenck. The State of Illinois has paid for the stream gaging 

work performed in that State, the appropriation therefor being in 

charge of the Internal Improvement Commission, Isham Randolph, 

chairman.

DIVISION OF WORK.

The field data for Allegheny River at Redhouse, N. Y., have been 

collected under the direction of II. K. Barrows, district engineer, 

assisted by C. C. Covert, and C. II. Adams.

The field data for the Ohio River drainage basin, with the exception of Allegheny River at Redhouse, N. Y., and the Tennessee 

River drainage basin, have been collected under the direction of J. C. 

Hoyt, engineer, and A. H. Horton, district engineer, assisted by Robert 

Follansbee, R. H. Bolster, F. F. Henshaw, W. G. Hoyt, William 

O'Neill, Max Chapman, R. G. Knight, A. T. Barrows, H. D. Padgett, 

C. E. Langley, and R. J. Taylor. Stations in Pennsylvania are now 

maintained and the stream-flow data collected by the Water Supply 

Commission of Pennsylvania.
GENEKAL DESCRIPTION OF OHIO EIVEK BASIN. 29

The field data in the Tennessee River drainage basin have been 

collected under the direction of M. R. Hall, district engineer, assisted 

by Warren E. Hall, W. A. Lamb, F. P. Thomas, O. P. Hall, B. M. 

Hall, jr., and F. A. Murray.

The ratings, special estimates, and studies of the completed data 

were made by M. R. Hall, A. H. Horton, R. H. Bolster, and F. F. 

Henshaw. The computations and preparation of the completed data 

for publication were made under the direction of R. H. Bolster, 

assistant engineer, assisted by F. F. Henshaw, G. C. Stevens, H. D. 

Padgett, G. L. Parker, J. G. Mathers, and M. I.Walters. The report 

has been edited by Mrs. B. D. Wood.

OHIO RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION.

The drainage basin of Ohio River lies in the central part of the 

eastern half of the United States. The river is formed by the junction of Allegheny and Monongahela rivers at Pittsburg, Pa. From 

there it flows in a general southwesterly direction and joins the 

Mississippi at Cairo, 111. The principal tributaries, beginning at the 

sources and following down the right or northern bank, are as follows: Allegheny, Beaver, Muskingum, Scioto, Miami, and Wabash 

rivers. On the left bank are Monongahela, Little Kanawha, Kanawha, Guyandotte, Big Sandy, Licking, Kentucky, Green, Cumberland 

(PL III), and Tennessee rivers. The total length of the river is 967 

miles; the total drainage area is about 210,000 square miles.

The drainage basin of Ohio River comprises greater or less areas in 

the following States: New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, 

Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. The northern boundaries are 

about 40 miles south of Buffalo, N. Y., the southern boundaries are 

within 300 miles of the Gulf of Mexico, and its eastern boundaries are 

about 225 miles from the Atlantic Ocean. The sources of the tributaries from the north lie in the glaciated area; the sources of the 

southern tributaries are located on the steep and rocky slopes of the 

Western side of the Appalachian Mountains.

The topography varies from flat and rolling in the western and 

northern portions to rough and mountainous in the southern and 

eastern sections. In general, the rock floor of the valley is 30 to 50 

feet below the level of the stream at low Water. It rarely reaches a 

lower level than 75 feet below the stream. Its level is 65 or 75 feet 

below the stream between Evansville, Ind., and Shawneetown, 111. 

It is thought that no place occurs in the whole length of the valley 

where a rock barrier crosses its entire width at a level as high as the 

bed of the present stream. 'In several places rock shelves extend out
30 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

part way across the river bed, leaving a channel deep enough for the 

passage of boats along the opposite bank. At Letart Falls the rock 

is stated to extend across the entire breadth of the stream, but it 

dips toward the east bank sufficiently to allow the passage of boats 

when the rock of the western part of the stream bed is above the 

water surface. Well data indicate chat this descent continues eastward beneath the bottom lands to a level as low as in the neighboring 

parts of the channel. Near Ravenswood, W. Va., rocky reefs are 

exposed at low water fully halfway across the stream bed, but wells 

on the bottom lands near the village show the rock floor to be at least 

25 feet below the stream at low water. At Louisville it is found by 

wells and bridge soundings that a channel 25 feet or more lower than 

the present surface at the head of the rapids leads southwestward 

from near the south end of the Jeffersonville bridge a short distance 

and then turns westward, passing through the midst of the city. 

Thus at the side of each of the three most conspicuous rock reefs 

touched by the stream a buried channel apparently occurs.

Notwithstanding the great number of riffles and shoals, the Ohio 

is generally navigable throughout the entire season for small boats 

drawing less than 3 feet of water. It is navigable for vessels drawing 

6 feet of water during a few months of the early part of the season, 

but there is usually little traffic with such boats after the month of 

July. The canal at Louisville affords opportunity for passing around 

the rapids during low water. During high water stages the boats are 

able to pass over the rapids.

The valley of Ohio River along the southern boundary of Ohio and 

Indiana is very narrow except for a few miles near Louisville, and 

for a similar widening in the southwestern portion of Indiana. Its 

narrowness has been a subject of remark from the early days of settlement. There are very few places between Pittsburg and Louisville where its width exceeds 2 miles, and usually it is scarcely more 

than 1 mile wide. In the vicinity of Louisville it has a width of perhaps 4 miles, but below the mouth of Salt River it narrows abruptly 

to a width of about 1 mile, and remains narrow for nearly 100 miles. 

Beyond this narrow stretch it broadens out to a width of 6 or 8 miles, 

which it maintains for much of its course to Cairo, the only exception 

being found at the point where it passes the elevated ridge below 

Shawneetown. Here its width is reduced to about 1\ miles. The 

depth of the valley ranges from about 600 feet down to scarcely 100 

feet, being greatest on the border of the "panhandle" of West Virginia and least in the lower portion of its course. Its depth seldom 

falls below 300 feet in the portion above Louisville and probably 

averages 450 feet. The narrow portion below Louisville is about 

300 feet in depth. The broad portions at Louisville and in the lower 

parts of its course are but 100 to 150 feet in depth. The work done

GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF OHIO RIVER BASIN. 31

by the river in excavating a narrow valley through the elevated districts is apparently commensurate with that accomplished in eroding 

a wide valley in the low districts. The entire work of the stream, 

however, is less than should have been accomplished by a drainage 

line of this size in the time since the beginning of development of 

drainage lines. It is far less in proportion to its size than the work 

accomplished by the small tributaries which enter it from southern 

Indiana. The explanation of this meager amount of work is found 

in the enlargement of Ohio River in recent times. Investigations 

now in progress indicate that several independent drainage lines 

which formerly led northward from the Appalachian Mountains 

across southwestern New York, northwestern Pennsylvania, and 

Ohio into the Lake Erie basin have been united to form the present 

Ohio. The full extent of these changes is not yet determined, nor 

are all of the outlets for the old river systems satisfactorily traced; 

but enough is known to justify the statement that the small size of 

the valley of the Ohio is attributable to the geologically recent union 

of the several independent drainage systems.

Between Pittsburg and Wheeling the bed of the river is coarse 

gravel and bowlders and in places rock. Below Wheeling the gravel 

becomes finer, the bowlders fewer, and bars of river sand appear. 

Below the mouth of the Kanawha the river becomes more distinctly 

a river with sand in bed, although there are some gravel bars above 

Louisville.

The average width between banks does not increase materially 

from Pittsburg to Cincinnati. In the long pool above the falls of 

the Ohio at Louisville the average width is much greater than that 

above Cincinnati, while just below the falls there is a considerable 

narrowing. Below this the average width continues to increase 

toward the mouth of the river. The maximum width between banks 

is found about 20 miles above the mouth, where the width is considerably over a mile. There are many islands in the river, over 50 

above Louisville and about 30 below, varying in size from a few acres 

to 5,000 acres. Many of them are cultivated and all are practically 

permanent in position.

The river presents an interesting series of shoals and riffles, separated by pools in which the water is deeper and the fall very low. 

The summary of the profile made by the army engineers shows 187 

pools, with over 7 feet depth at low water. These occupy 632.5 

miles and have an average length of 3.47 miles. Of these, 127 pools 

above Louisville, Ky., average 2.8 miles, with a total length of 363 

miles; and 60 pools below Louisville, with a total length of 266 miles, 

have an average length of 4.4 miles.

On the borders of Ohio the riffles (103 in number) cover a combined length of 137 miles and have a, total fall of 170 feet. The
32 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

pools, with a combined length of 309 miles, have a fall of 64 feet, or 

but 2.5 inches per mile. The greatest fall noted for a single mile on 

the border of this State is at Let art Falls, Meigs County, where a 

descent of 3.2 feet is made. There are 11 riffles, with a descent 

exceeding 2 feet per mile. The least fall reported is in a pool 8 to 15 

miles below Cincinnati. This pool, with a length of 7 miles, has a 

fall of but 3.5 inches. Another pool with about as low a fall is 

found 23 to 30 miles above Cincinnati. These are the most conspicuous pools in this section of the Ohio.

On the borders of Indiana there are 55 riffles aside from the Louisville rapids. These show a total fall of 80.28 feet in a combined distance of 134.5 miles. At the Louisville rapids there is a fall of 23.09 

feet in 2.25 miles. There is left but 18.13 feet for the fall of the 

stream in about 215 miles embraced in the pools, or only 1 inch per 

mile. The elevation of normal low water at Davis Island dam at 

Pittsburg, Pa., is 692 feet, low water elevation at Cairo is 273 feet, a 

total fall of 419 feet or an average fall of about 0.43 feet to the mile.

The northern and western portions of the drainage basin is a deforested area; the southern and eastern portions may be called partially 

forested, as large areas in the Appalachian Mountains at the sources 

of some of the southern tributaries are still covered with a heavy 

growth of trees; as the tributaries are descended the cleared areas 

increase until the forested area is small.

The mean annual rainfall is about 45 inches, ranging from 35 

inches along the northern boundary of the basin to 70 inches in the 

southeastern part at the sources of Tennessee River. The winter 

conditions in general are mild; ice does not form very thick on some 

tributaries hardly at all; the snowfall is light and does not last long. 

The headwaters of the Allegheny are an exception to these general 

conditions, for in that section the winter conditions are severe.

This drainage basin affords numerous sites for reservoirs, especially on the southern tributaries. From topographic maps covering 

part of the drainage basin of the Ohio River a large number of 

favorable reservoir sites were located, the capacity of some of which 

is enormous. Careful surveys would undoubtedly show many suitable sites for dams that would impound large reservoirs above them.

There are a great many opportunities for water-power development 

in this drainage basin. At the present time large developments are 

under way on some of the southern tributaries. At the dams on the 

Ohio constructed for the aid of navigation there is available a large 

amount of power that might be utilized, and if the Ohio should be 

completely canalized nearly all the total fall of the river would be 

available for water-power development except at high stages. The 

abundance of cheap fuel in those sections where power is most in 

demand has worked against the development of water power, but as
ALLEGHENY RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 33

the supplies of coal and gas dimmish attention will be directed to the 

development of the large amount of water power available in this basin.

Ohio River is the main tributary of the Mississippi as far as the 

flow of the river is concerned. The mean annual flow is about 

300,000 cubic feet per second, which is much more than the discharge 

of St. Lawrence River at Ogdensburg, N. Y., although the drainage 

area of the St. Lawrence is nearly twice that of the Ohio. The maximum flow of the Ohio is in the neighborhood of 1,500,000 cubic feet 

per second, being about 30 times the low-water flow. A comparison 

of this river with the upper Mississippi and Missouri shows that 

although its drainage area is one-third that of the combined Mississippi 

and Missouri the mean and low water flow is 1.3 times as great as 

their combined flow, and its maximum flow is 1.5 times as great. 

This is accounted for by the greater rainfall and by the character of 

the drainage basin of the Ohio.

Navigation in the Ohio is stopped not only by'low stages of the 

river, but also occasionally by ice, averaging ten to twelve days per 

year. The losses of steamboats, barges, and flatboats due to ice are 

at times very great. Sometimes the ice forms and passes off without 

occasioning serious loss; sometimes there may be more than one 

serious break-up during the same winter.

The United States Weather Bureau and the U. S. Engineer Corps 

have maintained a number of gages on Ohio River at various places. 

Measurements have been made by the engineers of the United States 

Geological Survey on Ohio River at Wheeling, W. Va.

ALLEGHENY RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

\

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Allegheny River, which unites with Monongahela River at Pittsburg to form the Ohio, drains the western slopes of the Allegheny 

Mountains. The Allegheny is the larger stream, as its drainage area 

is nearly 50 per cent greater than that of the Monongahela.

The drainage basin of the Allegheny lies in the States of Pennsylvania and New York. The river rises in the central part of Potter 

County, in the northern part of Pennsylvania, flows in a general 

northwesterly direction across the state line into New York to about 

the central part of Cattaraugus County; thence it flows southwestward 

back into Pennsylvania. At Franklin, in Venango County, the river 

turns and flows southeastward to the mouth of Mahoning Creek, in 

Armstrong County; thence it turns to the southwest, and at Pittsburg joins Ohio River. The important tributaries, beginning at the 

source and following down the right bank, are as follows: Oswayo, 

Olean, Conewango, Brokenstraw, Oil, and French creeks; on the left 

21144 IRK 243 10 3
34 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

bank are: Potato, Tunugwant, and Tionesta creeks, Clarion River 

Red Bank, Mahoning, and Crooked creeks, and Kiskiminetas River. 

The total length of the river is about 290 miles (map measurement); 

the total drainage area is about 11,100 square miles.

The drainage basin is somewhat regular in shape, being about 2^ 

times as long as it is wide. Below Franklin, Pa., the river flows near 

the western boundary of its basin. The surrounding country is 

extremely rough and broken, being made up of high hills or mountains separated by deep valleys. As the limits of the basin to the west 

of the main river are approached the mountainous character is lost, 

though the surface is still rolling and hilly. The northwestern boundary of the basin is about 8 miles from Lake Erie at one point, lying 

within about 40 miles of Buffalo.

The bed of the stream is composed chiefly of gravel, varying from 

small pebbles to cobblestones. The banks are composed of sand, 

gravel, or clay. The drainage area is underlain by shales, and the 

depth of the soil is, except in stream valleys, small. This basin is 

exceptionally rich in natural resources, there being abundant supplies 

of coal, oil, gas, limestone, glass sand, and building stones. Pittsburg 

is at the center of a great manufacturing and shipping district.

The elevation of the sources of the river is about 2,500 feet; at 

Olean, N. Y., the elevation is 1,420 feet; at Franklin, Pa., the elevation is 960 feet; at Pittsburg, the elevation is 707 feet.

This basin was at one time covered with timber, the principal varieties being pine and hemlock. At the present time, however, only 

light forests and brush are found at the headwaters of the tributaries, 

the pine and hemlock having been cut off some time ago, and the basin 

would probably be considered a deforested area.

The mean annual rainfall is about 40 inches. The winter conditions are severe. Snowfall is heavy in the upper part of the basin 

and lasts for long periods, and ice forms about 2 feet in thickness. 

The heavy ice during the spring floods is very destructive. Jams 

frequently occur which cause considerable damage from backwater.

The basin affords good opportunities for storage reservoirs. Careful surveys would undoubtedly show a number of excellent sites for 

reserviors of large capacity.

The fall of the main stream and tributaries is above the average, 

and if it were situated in a district where fuels were more expensive 

the stream would undoubtedly be largely used for power. When the 

price of coal advances so that water power may compete with steam, 

the water power on this stream will be more extensively developed.

The Cuba reservoir, which feeds the Erie Canal through Genesee 

River, lies on the divide between the Allegheny and Genesee drainage 

basins. Part of the overflow from this reservoir passes into the 

Allegheny, the rest passes into Genesee River. Allegheny River is
ALLEGHENY EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 35

subject to very severe floods, which cause heavy losses to manufacturing and other interests along the river. The river is navigable 

for part of the year for small steamers to Franklin, 123 miles above 

the mouth.

The following gaging stations have been maintained in this drainage 

basin:

Allegheny River at Redhouse, N. Y., 1903-1908. 

Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa., 1904-1908. 

Chautauqua Lake outlet near Jamestown, N. Y., 1895. 

Chadakoin River near Jamestown, N. Y., 1904-1905. 

Kiskiminetas River at Avonmore, Pa., 1907-1908. 

Kiskiminetas River at Salina, Pa., 1904-1906. 

Blacklick Creek at Blacklick, Pa., 1904-1908.

ALLEGHENY RIVER AT REDHOUSE, N. Y.

This station, which is located at the Redhouse highway bridge, 

near the stations of the Erie and Pennsylvania railroads and about 

5 miles below Salamanca, N. Y., and nearly 13 miles above the 

point where the river leaves New York State, was established September 4, 1903, to obtain general statistical data regarding the flow 

of the Allegheny, and is maintained in cooperation with the New 

York state engineer's department.

At Olean, N. Y., the wasteway from the Cuba reservoir enters the 

stream through Olean Creek. This reservoir is located on the divide 

between Oil Creek, tributary to Allegheny River, and Genesee River. 

The storage is commonly turned into Genesee River through the 

abandoned summit level of Genesee Valley Canal, but may be diverted 

into Oil Creek through the guard lock at the head of the canal. There 

are no lakes and no artificial storage tributary to the stream above the 

gaging station. Conewango Creek, the outlet of Chautauqua Lake, 

is tributary to the Allegheny and enters the stream in the State of 

Pennsylvania.

The datum of the gage has remained the same during the maintenance of the station. Conditions for obtaining the accurate discharge are good, and an excellent rating curve has been developed. 

Moderate ice conditions usually prevail during the winter months.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the reports of 

the state engineer and surveyor, State of New York.

Discharge measurements of Allegheny River at Redhouse, N. Y., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907.

1908. 

Oct. 20.........

Hydrographer.

C. R. Adams. ......................................

Width.

Feet. 

366

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

2,390

840

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.00

2.70

Discharge.

Sec.-fl. 

8,970

145
36 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Allegheny River at Redhouse, N. Y.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Observers, R. W. Crain and Ora A. Gates.]

Day.

1907.

2...............

c

g

10...............

11...............

15...............

16---.....--.-...

17..-....-....--.

18.-....--.-.--..

19....... ........

20. ..............

21...............

24...............

25

26...............

27.-.-..--.....-.

29...............

30. ..............

01

1908. 

1...............

2...............

4...............

5..--..---...-..

6...............

7...............

8.-....--...-...

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

14...............

15. -.--.. ........

16...............

17.-.-..--.......

18...............

19

20. ..............

21...............

22

23...............

24...............

25. ..............

26...............

27.-..--..--..-..

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

5.1

5.3

7.1

6.9

5.2

5.1

4.95

4.4

6.4

5.9

K 7

c: A

0.1

4.6

4.5

5.0

5.7

5.3

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.5

4.4

.......

.......

Feb.

4.25

4.2

4.2

4.25

4.25

3.9

4.0

4. 1

3.85

3.6

3.2

4.0

10.2

10.8

9.1

8 9

7.8

7.4

7.0

6.6

6.2

5.9

5.7

5.6

5.4

5.4

Mar.

3.5

3.2

' 3.3

3.7

5.55

7.15

7.55

7.8

7.6

7.9

7.5

7.7

7.4

7.1

7.5

8.35

7.95

7.35

6.8

5.3

5.4

0.6

6.4

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.0

5.8

5.4

5.8

6.2

6.3

7.8

11.2

10.0

8 9

9.5

8.0

7.4

6.9

6.5

7.5

8.6

8.6

9.0

8.6

Apr.

6.4

5.3

5.0

5.0

4.8

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.6

4.6

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

6.85

7.3

7.4

7.7

7.1

6.6

6.2

8.0

6.8

6.5

6.3

6 4

6.4

6.3

6.2

5.0

4.9

4.9

5.1

4.9

4 9

6.4

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.5

5.3

5.2

5.1

5.0

May.

5.8

5.6

5.2

6.5

5.4

6.2

6.0

5.6

5.3

5.1

4.9

4.6

4.4

4.6

4.7

4.6

4.6

5.5

5.6

5.3

5.0

4.7

4.5

4.4

5.6

5.9

5.3

4.9

4.6

5.1

6.0

6.5

6.5

6.3

6.4

7.2

8.1

7.9

7.6

7.0

6.4

6.0

5.6

5.8

6.4

6.6

6.4

6.2

6.0

6.0

5.6

5.4

5.1

5.0

5.2

5.6

5.6

6.0

6.0

6.2

June.

4.4

5.15

6.1

C K

5.4

6.6

6.3

5.5

5.1

4.8

4.6

4.2

4.2

4.2

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

4.4

5.1

5.0

5.0

4.6

4.3

4.1

4.2

6.2

6.0

5.5

5.1

4.8

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.2

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.6

3.5

5.65

5.5

4.5

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.8

6.25

5.6

4.5

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.7

July.

5.5

5.5

5.3

5.0

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.6

5.95

5.6

4.5

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.5

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.7

3.6

3.6

4.8

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3 1

3.1

3.0

3.5

3.8

4.0

4.8

5.0

5.7

5.0

4.5

4.1

3.8

3.6

Aug.

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

4.1

A 0

3.9

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3-1

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

Sept.

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.8

2.8

3.0

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

3.5

3.4

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

Oct.

3.2

3.1

3.0

5.0

4.5

3.9

4.9

5.5

5.0

5.2

5.2

4.9

4.8

4.7

4.5

4.5

4.8

4.7

4.5

4.4

5.0

4.9

4.7

4.3

4.0

3.8

3.6

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

Nov.

3.6

3.6

3.5

5.2

5.0

4.5

5.4

5.3

4.8

4.7

4.5

4.3

4.2

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.6

3.7

3.8

4.0

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2

0

2.8

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

Dec.

3.8

3.8

3.7

3 ft

0 C

3.4

3.3

0 C

o 7

5.0

5.6

5.3

4.8

4.7

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.0

4 ^

5.6

5.5

o.O

4.8

5.6

7.9

7.5

7.2

6.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

3.7

3.4

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.8

NOTE. Ice conditions prevailed from about February 11 to March. 13,1907, and January 26 to February 

14 and December 4 to 26,1908.
ALLEGHENY RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 37

Rating table for Allegheny River at Redhouse, N. Y.,for 1907 and 1908.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

145

220

295

380

470

560

655

755

866

978

1,095

1,216

1,341

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.10

5.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,471

1,605

1,745

1,891

2,043

2,200

2,365

2,540

2,725

2,920

3,130

3,350

3,580

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.30

5.40

5.50

5.60

5.70

5.80

5.90

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3,820

4,065

4,315

4,570

4,830

5,100

5,375

5,660

6,245

6,845

7,460

8,090

8,740

Gage 

height.

Feet.

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

8.20

8.40

8.60

8.80

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

9,400

10, 080

10, 790

11, 530

12, 300

13, 120

13, 960

14,800

15, 660

16, 540

21,100

26,200

31,800

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for ice or obstructed-channel conditions, 

charge measurements made during 1903 to 1908 and is well denned.

It is based on disMonthly discharge of Allegheny River at Redhouse, N. Y., for 1907 and 1908. 

[Drainage area, 1,640 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

April......................................

Mav. ......................................

July......................................

1908.

May......................................

July......................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,820 

13,800 

11,200 

7,150 

7,460 

5,520 

560 

866 

4,320 

4,060 

11,900

13,800

6,840 

25,100 

27,300 

12,300 

12,700 

6,240 

4,830 

1,890 

380 

220 

380 

1,220

27,300

Minimum.

1,740 

o400 

o450 

1,340 

2,040 

1,100 

470 

145 

145 

380 

866 

655

145

01,100 

0500 

3,820 

2,920 

3,130 

866 

380 

380 

145 

145 

145 

olOO

a 100

Mean.

5,630 

1,000 

6,100 

4,030 

3,800 

2,700 

1,720 

303 

360 

2,160 

1,710 

3,290

2,730

3,000 

5,890 

10,300 

5,820 

6,340 

2,400 

1,290 

743 

191 

152 

241 

357

3,060

Per 

square 

mile.

3.43 

.610 

3.72 

2.46 

2.32 

1.65 

1.05 

.185 

.220 

1.32 

1.04 

2.01

1.67

1.83 

3.59 

6.28 

3.55 

3.87 

1.46 

.787 

.453 

.116 

.093 

.147 

.218

1.87

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.95 

.64 

4.29 

2.74 

2.68 

1.84 

1.21 

.21 

.25 

1 52 

1.16 

2.32

22.81

2.11 

3.87 

7.24 

3.96 

4.46 

1.63 

.91 

.52 

.13 

.11 

.16 

.25

25.35

Accuracy.

B. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

C.

a Ice conditions; only roughly approximate.

NOTE. Discharge during the frozen period 1907 based on discharge of Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa.> 

drainages in the Susquehanna River basin, and climatological reports. Discharge January 1-16,1907, based 

on discharge of Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa., and Susquehanna River at Binghamton, N. Y.

Discharge January 1-16,1907, 7,100 second-feet; February 11-28,1907,681 second-feet; March 1-13,1907, 477 

second-feet.

Discharge during the frozen periods 1908 estimated on the basis of the discharge of Allegheny River at Kittanning Pa., Susquehanna River drainages and climatological reports.

Discharge January 26-31,1908, ] ,400 second-feet; February 1-14,1908, 729 second-feet; December 4-26,1908, 

228 second-feet.
38 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

ALLEGHENY RIVER AT KITTANNING, PA.

. This station was established by the United States Geological Survey August 18, 1904, at the Market Street Bridge in the city of Kittanning, Pa. It is now maintained by the Water Supply Commission 

of Pennsylvania, who furnish the records of gage heights and discharge 

measurements. It was established to obtain general comparative 

and statistical data regarding the flow of Allegheny River for the 

study of flood prevention at Pittsburg and on Ohio River, also for the 

determination of the regimen of flow for power and navigation projects 

and for the prevention of pollution.

There are no important tributaries in the immediate vicinity of 

Kittanning. Crooked River enters Allegheny River from the east 4 

miles below and Kiskiminetas River enters from the east over 12 

miles below the station.

The datum of the gage has remained constant since the installation 

of the station. There is obstruction from ice during short periods each 

winter. Conditions of flow are practically constant and an excellent 

low and medium stage rating curve has been developed. At high 

stages numerous measurements have been made. There is, however, 

a marked difference between the discharge at a given high gage 

height for rising and falling stage due to increase and decrease of 

slope. The difference in some cases amounts to as much as 15 per 

cent, and since the variation differs for each flood it is difficult to determine the daily discharge at high stages with accuracy.

Discharge measurements of Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907. 

May 30.........

1908. 

August 23......

September 25...

H ydrographer. '

A. H. Horton. ......................................

.....do..............................................

R. H. Bolster.. . ....................................

C. E. Ryder. .......................................

Width.

Feet. 

861

648

613

466

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

7,270

3,320

2,710

1,710

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

8.00

3.24

2.67

1.37

Discharge.

Sec.ft. 

25,300

4,150

2,690

847

a Surface measurement.
ALLEGHENY RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa., for 1907 and 1908. 

[Observer, S. B. Oochrane.]

Day.

1907. a

9

4...............

5...............

6..............

7 ............

8 .............

g

10..............

11..............

12. . ..

13.... ... .....

14..............

15.... ... .....

16...............

17...............

18..............

19..............

20........ .....

21. .. .........

22

23.... ... . ...

24..............

25. ..............

26...............

27..............

28...............

29...............

30...............

01

1908. 6 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4... ............

5. ..............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

8.4

10.5

9 6

9.5

12.9

12.4

11.2

10.9

13.7

12.8

11.3

10.3

10.0

9.7

10.9

10.1

9.2

8.1

9.4

13.5

13.6

12.7

10.3

8.1

7.0

6.5

6.7

5.9

5.6

5.6

C 0

10.4

9.8

8.4

7.6

7.1

6.8

6.2

5.3

5.3

5.2

4.1

6.3

7.2

10.9

9.6

8.5

7.5

6.8

6.4

6.0

5.8

5.6

6.0

6.3

6.1

5.8

5.6

7.7

6.8

5.9

5.1

Feb,

5.1

5.2

5.4

5.6

5.0

5.1

4.8

4.5

4.3

4.4

4.7

4.5

4.8

4.3

4.2

5.0

4.5

4.6

4.6

5.1

5.5

5.5

5.6

5.0

4.6

4.0

4.4

4.2

6.9

8.2

8.2

8

9

8.2

8.3

8

0

8.2

8.1

8.0

8.0

11.0

18.9

24.3

18.7

15.4

12.8

10.9

9.8

8.3

7.5

6.7

6.3

6.5

6.3

5.8

5.2

Mar.

4.2

4.6

5

Q

6.0

6.1

6.8

5.6

5.2

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.7

8.6

14.0

15.9

14.2

13.0

13.1

12.7

13.8

13.3

11.8

10.6

10.8

10.3

9.4

10.4

12.8

13.5

12.5

5.4

12.5

14.7

12.1

11.4

12.9

14.9

13.5

11.8

9.8

10.4

12.9

14.5

15.4

16.8

16.5

16.9

18.7

17.6

13.9

11.2

10.4

9.3

9.1

8.8

8.6

9.5

10.9

10.9

10.8

Apr.

9 4

8.3

6.9

6.7

6.7

6.6

6.4

6.2

6.3

0.1

5.9

5.9

5.6

6.2

5.9

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.3

5.2

5.0

4.8

6.2

9.5

9.9

12.0

10.9

9.6

8.5

10.9

9.0

8.6

8.2

7.8

7.3

7.6

8.6

9.6

10.2

9.6

8.5

8.2

8.0

8.1

8.4

8.2

8.0

8.6

9.9

10.4

9.1

8.5

8.0

7.8

7.1

6.6

6.4

6.9

7.6

May.

8.0

7.5

7.2

7.8

8.5

9.0

8.7

8.0

8.1

7.3

6.8

6.3

6.2

5.6

5.9

7.3

7.2

6.6

6.4

7.2

6.8

6.3

5.9

5.6

5.4

5.9

10.0

9.1

7.7

6.6

7.4

8.4

10.2

10.8

11.0

11.0

11.2

13.1

12.6

11.0

10.3

9.3

8.8

7.9

7.1

8.5

12.1

10.6

10.6

12.1

11.2

10.1

9.6

8.3

7.6

7.3

7.1

10.2

8.7

9.1

8.7

June.

5.9

6.0

7.5

8.3

7.9

8.8

9.9

9.3

8.0

6.9

6.3

7.0

6.4

7.9

7.5

6.6

5.8

5.3

4.8

4.6

4.5

4.6

4.8

4.6

5.0

5.6

5.4

5.3

4.8

4.6

8.3

7.9

7.1

6.6

6.0

5.3

5.2

5.0

4.9

5.2

4.8

4.8

4.6

4.6

4.4

4.2

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.5

3.8

4.2

4.8

5.2

4.9

4.6

4.2

3.9

July.

4.7

6.9

7.0

6.3

5.6

5.2

4.6

4.4

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.8

6.0

5.3

4.5

3.9

4.4

4.3

3.9

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.1

4.2

3.7

3.4

3.3

3.0

3.7

3.6

3.9

3.7

6.9

5.0

4.5

4.2

3.8

3.3

3.4

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.7

3.7

4.6

5.2

5.3

5.4

5.2

4.9

6.8

8.1

7.9

6.1

5.5

5.0

4.8

4.4

3.9

Aug.

2.8

2.8

4.6

4.0

2.4

3.2

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.0

2.1

1.8

l.S

2.0

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.5

1.8

1.6

3.5

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.6

3.0

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.0

2.9

2.6

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.3

2.6

2.7

3.1

2.7

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.0

2.0

1.87

1.77

1.77

Sept.

1.9

2.4

2.0

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.8

2.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

3.8

3.5

2.9

2.7

2.7

3.3

3.9

3.6

3.5

3.6

3.4

3.1

2.8

2.5

2.3

2.3

2.8

3.3

1.77

1.67

1.57

1.57

1.47

1.37

1.57

1.67

1.77

1.67

1.67

1.57

1.57

1.47

1.47

1.47

1.47

1.47

1.37

1.37

1.37

1.37

1.37

1.37

1.37

1.37

1.37

1.47

1.57

Oct.

3.2

3.2

3.2

4.2

7.35

6.6

6.7

6.8

6.9

6.9

5.5

5.0

5.6

6.2

5.9

5.3

4.7

4.2

3.9

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.5

3.4

4.4

5.9

6.4

5.9

1.57

1.67

1.67

1.67

1.57

1.57

1.57

1.47

1.47

1.47

1.47

1.47

1.47

1.47

1.37

1.47

1.47

1.47

1.47

1.47

1.37

1.37

1.37

1.37

1.37

1.47

1.47

1.47

1.4Z

1.47

1.57

Nov.

5.2

4.9

9.8

9.3

9.3

8.9

8.2

8.6

8.4

8.3

8.1

7.8

7.6

7.5

7.4

7.0

6.6

6.2

5.8

5.4

5.1

4.7

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.1

4.3

4.5

4.9

1.57

1.57

1.57

1.47

1.47

1.37

1 Q7

1.37

1.47

1.47

1.57

1.57

1.67

1.77

1.67

1.57

1.67

1.67

1.67

1.67

1.77

1.77

1.77

1.87

1.87

1.87

1.97

1.97

1.87

1.77

Dec.

4.1

4.8

4.1

4.2

4.0

3.9

3.7

5.2

6.0

7.1

8.0

6.6

6.4

6.1

6.1

6.0

5.9

5.8

4.5

4.7

5.7

15.0

15.3

13.2

11.6

10.2

11.4

11.2

1.77

1.77

1.87

1.87

1.87

1.87

1.87

1.87

1.87

1.87

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.4

4.9

6.4

6.5

5.0

4.1

3.6

3.2

3.8

4.1

4.0

3.9

4.1

4.3

4.7

a There may have been slight effect from ice conditions January 25 to March 12,1907- All slight rises in 

stage during this period can, however, be readily explained from the precipitation and temperature records. 

December, 1907, open.

6 Floating ice January 6-18 and 24-28,1908, and February, 15,1908. Ice conditions February 1 and 2 and 

river frozen February 3-14,1908. Ice moved February 14,1908. River clear February 16,1908. December, 

1908 .probably not affected by ice. All rises in stage during this month can be explained from precipitation 

and temperature records.
40 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Rating table for Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa., for 1907 and 1908.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

880

980

1,080

1,190

1,310

1,440

1,580

1.720

1,870

2,030

2,200

2,380

2,560

2.750

2,950

3,160

3,385

3,620

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3,800

4,110

4,370

4,640

4.920

5,210

5,500

5,800

6. 105

6,415

6,735

7,065

7,400

7,740

8,085

8,435

8,795

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.90

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

9,165

9,545

10, 320

11,130

11,970

12, 830

13, 720

14, 620

15,540

16,470

17, 430

18, 410

19, 390

20,400

21,420

22, 470

23.540

Gage 

height.

Feet.

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

15.00

16.00

17.00

18.00

19.00

20.00

21.00

22.00

23.00

24.00

25.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

29,030

34,730

40.700

47,150

54,280

62,110

70. 410

7Q, 220

88. 620

98, 620

109, 150

120,330

332,210

144.710

157, 920

171,720

185, 720

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for ice or obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on discharge measurements made during 1904 to 1908 and is well defined.

Monthly discharge of Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa., for 1907 and 1908. 

[Drainage area, 8,fi90 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

May......................................

July......................................

1908.

July......................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

59,700 

12,000 

78, 300 

47, 200 

34, 700 

34, 200 

18,400 

8,080 

6,100 

20,100 

33,600 

73,000

78,300

40,100 

176,000 

106,000 

40,100 

55,000 

25,200 

24,100 

4,640 

1,270 

1,160 

1,540 

16,000

37(i,000

Minimum.

10,700 

6,100 

6,740 

8,800 

11,100 

7,740 

3,380 

980 

1,190 

3,860 

6,420 

5,210

980

6,420

11,100 

15, 500 

18,900 

4,370 

4,110 

1,270 

853 

853 

853 

1,270

853

Mean.

34,300 

S,890 

34, 400 

19,100 

19, 700 

15, 800 

7,400 

2,130 

3,100 

10,200 

17,100 

21,400

16, 100

18,200 

29,300 

53,600 

25,800 

33,600 

9,620 

9,140 

2,680 

987 

968 

1, 150 

4,420

15, 800

Per 

square 

mile.

3.95 

1.02 

3.96 

2.20 

2.27 

1.82 

.852 

.245 

.357 

1.17 

1.97 

2.46

1.86

2.09 

3.37 

6.17 

2.97 

3.87 

1.11 

1.05 

.308 

.114 

.111 

.132 

.509

1.82

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

4.55 

1.06 

4.56 

2.46 

2.62 

2.03 

.98 

.28 

.40 

1.35 

2.20 

2.84

25.33

2.41 

3.64 

7.11 

3.31 

4.46 

1.24 

1.21 

.36 

.13 

.13 

.15 

.59

24. 74

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. Discharge February 1-14, 1908, estimated on the basis of climatological data and general run-off 

conditions in adjacent drainages. 

Discharge February 1-14,1908, 9,110 second-feet.
ALLEGHENY EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 41

KISKIMINETAS RIVER AT AVONMORE, PA.

This station was established June 11, 1907, at the highway bridge 

near Avonmore station on the Pennsjdvania Railroad. It is maintained by the Water Supply Commission of Pennsylvania, who furnish 

the records of gage height and discharge measurements. It was 

established to obtain general comparative and statistical data 

regarding the flow of Kiskiminetas River for the study of power and 

water pollution problems. This river is subject to sudden violent 

floods similar to those which occur in the Youghiogheny and Monongahela river drainages. These floods when combined make themselves felt with disastrous effects at Pittsburg and other cities on Ohio 

River. In the flood of March 19, 1908, the river rose to a crest height 

of 30.8 feet. The estimated discharge was 80,500 second-feet, or 46 

second-feet per square mile, from a drainage area of 1,750 square 

miles.

The nearest important tributary is Loyalhanna Creek, which enters 

from the left about 5 miles above the station. Blacklegs Creek 

enters from the right about 4 miles above the station, and Long Run 

enters from the right about 1 mile below the station.

The discharge is affected by ice for short periods during the winter 

months. The datum of the gage has remained unchanged since the 

establishment of the station. Conditions of flow appear to be constant, and an excellent rating curve has been developed for stages 

below about 15 feet. (See fig. 1, p. 23.)

Discharge measurements of Kiskiminetas River at Avonmore, Pa., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907. 

May 29.........

1908.

Do.........

Do.........

Do.........

Do.........

Do.........

Do.........

May 11.........

May 13.........

July 23.........

llydrographer.

A. II. Horton. ...................................

.... .do. ...........................................

.... .do. ...........................................

.....do............................................

.....do............................................

.....do............................................

.... .do. ...........................................

.....do............................................

.... .do. ...........................................

.... .do. ...........................................

.....do............................................

.... .do. ...........................................

.....do............................................

R. H. Bolster. ...................................

Width.

Feet. 

391

312

416

408

4.OQ

429

424

422

419

418

417

417

417

403

398

382

384

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

1,100

3,550

3,140

5,280

4,870

4,760

3,580

3 460

3* 460

1,810

508

6 99

199

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.36

2.89

10. 26

9.15

12.81

12.35

10.74

10.08

9 79

Q ST

9.79

7.17

6.06

2.86

1.61

Discharge.

Sec. -ft. 

1,780

11,000

8,600

19 200

17,000

15, 700

11,500

9,880

9,400

5,250

3,770

628

976
SUKFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kiskiminetas River at Avonmore, Pa., for 1907 and 1908. 

[Observers, Mrs. Thomas Green and Ralph Fickes.]

Day.

1907. 

1...............

4. ..............

7...............

8. ..............

g

10...............

11...............

12. ..............

1 3

14...............

15...............

16. ..............

17...............

18. ..............

19

20. ..............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

1908. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

5...............

6. ..............

7. ..............

8. ..............

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15............... 

16. ..............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22. .............. 

23............... 

24. .............

25. .............

26. ..............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

7.1

6.4

5.5

5.2

4.8

4.3

4.2

4.3

4.7

5.8

6.3

7.0

12.0

8.7 

7.8

6.9

6.2

5.8

5.3

5.0

5.7 

6.7 

6.2

5.5

8.2

'10.2

13.8

13.5

13.0

11.6

Feb.

11.2

10.9

10.6

10.8

11.2

11.2

11.2

10 9

10.8

10.5

10.8

12.8

14.0

20.3 

21.4

11.8

8.8

7.8

6.7

6.0

5.6 

4.9 

5.2

5.4

5.2

5.6

4.8

4.0

Mar.

4.7

12.1

14.1

10.7

9.8

11.8

17.8

14.8

13.8

9.9

10.2

10.0

10.8

10.9 

13.1

9.8

10.6

30.1

17.9

11.9

9.6 

8.9

8.2

7.7

6.9

7.3

8.1

8.5

10.1

8.3

Apr.

8.0

7.4

7.7

6.7

6.3

8.1

6.2

5.8

12.1

9.5

8.9

8.3

7.6

6.9

6.7 

7.2

6.7

5.9

12.1

10.2

7.1

6.4 

5.9 

5.5

5.8

5.5

5.3

5.1

4.5

4.3

Ma}'.

6.3

7.1

6.5

6.0

5.6

7.4

9.1

10.2

8.6

7.5

6.7

6.0

5.6

5.5 

7 9

8.8

9 0

7.2

13.4

10.1

8.2 

7.8 

6.9

6.0

5.3

5.0

5

C

6.6

5.6

June.

4.6

8.1

13.0

10.8

8.2

6.8

6.1

5.3

4.9

4.6

4.3

4.0

4.5

4.1

4.0

4.1

3.8

3.5

3.7

5.6

5.3

4.6

4.2

3.9

3.7

3.5

3.2

3.2

3.3

4.0

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.9 

3 9

4.0

3.5

3.7

3.2

3.6

3.7 

3.7 

3.2

9 Q

2.8

2.7

2.5

2.5

July.

4.6

4.2

4.0

3.7

3.4

3.2

3.2

4.2

3.6

3.4

4.2

6.6

6.5

5.3

4.4

3

0

3.6

4.5

5.0

4.2

3.7

3.4

3.2

5.8

4.2

6.0

5.8

4.2

3.6

3.3

3.1

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.4

9 A

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.6 

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

3.2 

3.1

2.8

e 7

4.6

3.9

3.2

2.8

2.6

2.4

Aug.

3.3

3.2

3.1

2.9

2.8

2.9

3.5

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.6

3.1

9 Q

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.6

3.5

9.2

6.0

4.5

3.8

3.5

3.3

3.1

2.2

2.3

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.6

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.3

2.1

2.1

2.1 

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.4

2.4

2.7

2.6 

3.3

9 Q

2.6

2.0

9 n

1 9

1.9

Sept.

2.9

2.8

5.5

6.4

5.0

3.8

3.5

8.8

9.0

6.8

5.4

4.6

4.1

3.9

3.7

4.3

4.0

4.6

4.8

5.0

4.6

4.0

3.8

5.0

1.9

1 9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6 

1.6 

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

1 Q

1.8

Oct.

4.5

4.0

3.7

4.3

6.4

5.5

4.5

6.2

5.4

4.8

4.5

4 2

4.0

3.7

3 5

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.9

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

3 n

K A

6.0

4.8

4.2

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1 Q

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7 

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7 

1.7 

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.8

Nov.

3.8

3.6

9.4

7.7

6.7

9.9

11.0

8.6

7.5

6.4

6.0

5.4

5.0

4.9

4.5

4.2

4.1

A 9

4.9

4.2

4.5

4.2

4.4

4.3

A 5

4.6

4.2

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.2

O f)

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.8 ""i.'g"

1 9

1 9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1 Q

1.8

Dec.

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.6

4.0

3 Q

4.7

12.0

8.7

6.8

6.2

6.1

6.7

6.0

5.8

5 A

4.8

4.6

4.8

6.5

17.5

11.5

9.1

8.0 7 <;

8.3

8.5

8.0

1.8

1.8

2.3

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

2 9

2.9 Q n

2.7

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.3 

2.2

2.3

2.8

7.0

5.1

3.8

3.4 

3.4 

3.4

9 Q

9 Q

o n

2.8

2.6

9 fi

2.7

NOTE. Ice conditions prevailed January 30 to February 14, 1908.
ALLEGHENY RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 43

Rating table for Kislciminetas River at Avonmore, Pa., for 1907 and 1908.

Gage

height.

Feet.

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

65

95

128

163

200

240

282

326

372

420

470

525

580

640

700

765

830

900

970

Gage

height.

Feet.

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

I 

Dis- Gage

charge.

Sec.-ft.

1,040

1,120

1,200

1,280

1,360

1,450

1,540

1,630

1,720

1.820

1,920

2,020

2,130

2,240

2,350

2,460

2,700

2,940

3,180

height.

Feet.

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

15.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3,430

3,690

3,950

1,210

4,470

4,730

5.000

5,280

5,570

5,870

6,180

6,500

8,180

10,050

12,230

14,740

17,430

20, 210

23,050

Gage

height.

Feet.

16.00

17.00

18.00

19.00

20.00

21.00

22.00

23.00

24.00

25.00

26.00

27.00

28.00

29.00

30.00

31.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

26,050

29,200

32, 480

35, 830

39,290

42, 790

46,350

50,000

53,800

' 57, 700

61,600

65,500

69,400

73,300

77,300

81,300

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for ice or obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on 18 

discharge measurements made during 1907 to 1908, and is well defjfied between gage heights 1.6 feet and 

15 feet.

Above 15.0 feet the extension of the discharge curve is based on the extension of the area and velocity 

curves. For illustration of the above rating, see figure 1, page 23.

Monthly discharge of Kislciminetas River at Avonmore, Pa., for 1907 and 190%. 

[Drainage area, 1,750 square miles.]

Month.

June 11-30. 

July.......

August....

September. 

October....

November. 

December.

1907.

January... 

February.. 

March.....

April......

May.......

June.......

July.......

August....

September. 

October....

November. 

December.

1908.

The year.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

17,400

4,470

8,540

8,180

4,210

12,200

30,800

26,000

44,200

77,700

15,000

18,500

3,180

3,300

900

163

128

282

5,000

77,700

Minimum.

1,040

765

372

580

580

1,120

900

1,630

2,130

1,720

2,460

420

282

163

65

95

95

128

65

Mean.

3,950

1,800

1,110

2,380

1,690

3,490

5,160

6,250

5,900

14,400

5,520

6,070

1,130

603

353

93.9

112

141

716

3,440

Per 

square 

mile.

2.26

1.03

.634

1.36

.966

1.99

2.95

3.57

3.37

8.23

3.15

3.47

.646

.345

.202

.054

.064

.081

.409

1.97

Run-ofl

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.68

1.19

.73

1.52

1.11

2.22

3.40

4.12

3.64

9.49

3.51

4.00

.72

.40

.23

.06

.07

.09

.47

26.80

Accuracy.

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

B.

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

NOTE. Discharge during the frozen period estimated on the basis of climatological data and general 

run-off conditions. 

Discharge January 30 to 31,1908, 7,000 second-feet; February 1 to 14,1908, 2,110 second-feet.
44 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

BLACKLICK CREEK AT BLACKLICK, PA.

This station was established by the United States Geological 

Survey at the highway bridge about one-fourth mile from the railroad station August 16, 1904, was discontinued July 15, 1906, and 

was reestablished January 8, 1907, by the Water Supply Commission 

of Pennsylvania, by whom the records of gage heights and discharge 

measurements given below were furnished. Its purpose was to 

obtain data regarding the flow of Blacklick Creek for power development and for the study of flood and pollution prevention.

It is located about 6 miles above the junction of Blacklick Creek 

with Kiskiminetas River and is about 1 mile below the junction of 

Blacklick and Two Lick creeks.

The channel is obstructed by ice for short periods during the winter 

months. The datum of the gage has remained constant during the 

maintenance of the station.

During September, 1905, the original covered wooden bridge was 

torn down and replaced by a steel bridge. From September 1 to 

November 2, 1905, the gage readings were taken on a temporary 

gage 235 feet above the bridge, referred to the correct datum. On 

November 2 the chain gage was replaced on the new bridge. Construction work and changes in the abutments and pier changed the 

conditions of flow, requiring the use of a new rating curve beginning 

about September 1. The monthly discharge September 1, 1905, to 

April 9, 1906, has been revised and is republished below. The discharge for September and October, 1905, during the time that the 

temporary gage was used, is liable to some error, and the discharge 

April 10 to July 15, 1906, is suppressed owing to poor gage readings; 

otherwise all records of discharge for low and medium stages are 

excellent. The rating curve has not been developed above gage 

height 6 feet.

Discharge measurements of Blacklick Creek at Blacklick, Pa., in 1905-1908.

Date.

1905.

1906. 

May 23. ........

1907.

1908.

July 24. ........

Hydrographer.

H. D. Padgett .....................................

.....do..............................................

Width.

Feet. 

199

210

201

98

207

205

199

100

28

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

543

373

524

177

776

759

609

80

33.4

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.36

2.40

3.04

2.22

4.35

4.23

3.41

2.09

1.89

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

507

118

336

47

1,290

1,150

529

36.3

6.8

a Section full of drift.

6 Measured from coal tipple, one-third mile above bridge.

c Wading measurement.
ALLEGHENY EIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 45

Daily gage height, in feet, of Blacklick Creek at Blacklick, Pa., for 1907 and 1908. 

[Observer, D. J. Walling.]

Day.

1907. a

2...............

3............... 

4...............

5...............

6...............

7... ............

8...............

9...............

10............... 

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17............... 

18...............

19...............

20...............

91

23...............

25...............

26. ..............

27............... 

28...............

29...............

Of\

31...............

1908. b 

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4. ..............

5...............

6...............

7. ..............

8...............

9. ..............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13............... 

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19. .............. 

20...............

21...............

22...............

23............... 

24...............

25............... 

26...............

27............... 

28...............

29...............

OA

31...............

Jan.

.......

4.05

4.95

4.8 

4.4

6.1

6.1

8.4

7.1

5.85

5.2 

4.8

9.4

8.1

5.85

4.8

4.15

3.7

4.05

3.8

3.35 

3.65

3.95

3.8

3.6

3.95

3.75

3.55

3.4

3.75

3.35

3.3

3.35

3.3

3.2

3.35

4.35

6.8 

5.3

4.55

4.35

3.9

3.75

3.6 

3.5

3.5

3.9

3.9 

3.6

3.55 

3.45

4.15 

3.95

3.75

3.4

3.2

Feb.

3.5

3.45

4.25 

3.9

3.65

3.55

3.95

4.85

4.7

4.7

4.65

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.35 

4.05

3.95

4.25

4.05

3.75

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.45

3.35 

3.55

. 3.25

4.45

4.6

4.75

4.35

4.0

3.65

3.3

3.15

3.05

2.95

3.05

3.9 

5.3

10.0

7.5

5.45

4.55

4.3 

4.05

3.75

3.7

3.35 

3.4

3.35 

3.4

3.35 

3.15

3.15

Mar.

3.25

4.5

4.4

Q QC

3.7

3.65

3.4

3.55

3.4

3.45 

3.45

3.65

12.0

13.2

8.0

5.95

5.4 

5.65

6.2

9.0

6.1

5.05

4.6

4.2

3.95

3.85

5. 15 

5.0

4.65

4.3

3.95

3.6

6.9

5.35

5.05

8.35

9.15

6.5

6.45

5.45

5.0

5.2

5.45 

6.1

5.8

6.1

5.2

6.2

10.8 

6.65

5.35

4.7

4.4 

4.5

4.1 

3.85

3.7

3.8

4.95

4.95

4.55

Apr.

3.55

3.4

3.5

3.35

3.2

3.3

3.35

3.4 

3.3

3.35

3.45

3.55

3 5

3.85

3.9 

3.7

3.65

q a

3.6

3.5

3.4

4.4

4.1

3.9

3.75 

3.55

3.45

3.4

4.35

4.25

4.1

3.85

3.7

3.8

3.75

4.35

5.8

4.95

5.15

4.5

4.25 

3.9

3.85

4.45

4.0

3.95

5.9

4.9

4.4

4.05

3.85 

3.65

3.55 

3.85

3.65 

3.45

3.3

May.

3.5

3.4

3.25

3.85

3.7

3.8

3.7

4.25

4.35 

4.1

3.75

3.65

3.45

3.35

3.4

3.3 

3.15

3.1

3.05

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.95

3.05 

3.05

2.85

2.75

2.7

4.35

4.15

4. -1

4.05

4.15

4.55

5.85

5.8

5.0

4.7

4.2

3.95

3.75 

3.6

4.55

4.75

6.9

5.9

6.2 

7.0

5.4

4.75

4.4 

4.0

3.65 

3.5

3.5 

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.75

June.

4.15

3.6

3.55

3.7

3.55

3.35

3.15

3.0 

3.25

4.6

4.15

5.9

4.75

4.2

3.8 

3.55

3.35

3.15

3.0

3.3

3.0

2.9

2.9

3.0

2.85

2.75

3.55

3.55

3.35

3.15

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.65

2.7

3.4

3.0

2.8

2.65 

2.6

3.05

3.15

2.85

2.7

2.6 

3.1

3.15

3.0

2.85 

2.7

2.85 

2.85

2.65 

2.6

2.6

2.5

July.

3.2

3.0

2.7

2.65

2.95

3.1

2.75

2.7 

2.65

3.1

3.1

2.75

2.6

2.5

2.55 

2.65

2.6

2.4

2.35

2.35

2.5

2.85

2.95

2.75

2.55

2.4

2.35

2.4

2.45

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.35

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.3 

2.35

2.55

2.45

2.4

2.3

2.3 

2.3

2.4

3.6

2.7 

3.6

4.35 

3.2

2.9 

2.65

2.5

2.4

2.2

Aug.

2.35

2.3 

2.35

2.3

2.45

2.55

2.4

2.3

2.5 

2.45

2.35

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.2 

2.2

2.15

2.15

2.15

2.45

2.65

2.45

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.4

2.55

2.65

2.55

2.35

2.55

2.4

2.35 

2.3

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.45

2.45 

2.25

2.25

2.2

2.75 

2.55

2.3 

2.3

2.3 

2.2

2.2

2.05

2.1

Sept.

2.1

2.5

3.6 

3.5

3.15

2.95

2.75

2.6

2.55

2.65 

4.8

4.6

3.65

3.25

3.05

2.85

2.85 

2.95

3.25

3.7

3.55

3.55

3.3

3.05

2.9 

2.85

3.8

2.08

2.08

2.08

2.08

2.08

1.98

1.98

1.98

1.98

1.98

1.98

1.88

1.98 

1.98

1.93

1.88

1.88

1.88

1.88 

1.88

1.88

1.88

1.88 

1.88

1.88 

1.88

1.88 

1.93

2.08

2.08

Oct.

3.15

3.0

-,.8

4.0

3.6

4.3

4.3

3.8 

3.55

3.6

3.45

3.15

3.0

2.95

2.85

2.8

2.7

2.7

97".

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.8 

4.6

3.95

3.5

3.25

2.08

2.08

2.08

2.08

2.03

1.98

1.98

1.98

1.98

1.98

1.98

1.98

1.98

1.98

1.98

1.98

1.98

1.98 

1.98

1.98

1.98

1.98 

1.98

1.98 

1.98

1.98 

2.08

2.08

2.08

2.08

Nov.

3

1

3.3

5.25 

4 95

4.45

4.2

5.75

4.95

4.25 

3.95

3.7

3.45

3.35

3.15

3.05

3.0 

3.0

3.2

9 1

Q 1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.95

2.9

2.9

2.08

2.08

1.98

2.03

2.08

2.08

2.08

2.08

2.08

2.08

2.08

2.08

2.18 

2.18

2.18

2.18

2.18

2.18

2.18 

2.18

2.18

2.18

2.18 

2.18

2.08 

2.08

2.08 

2.08

2.08

2.08

Dec.

9 Q

2.9

2.8 

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

4.35 

5.4

4.4

3.85

3.85

3.9

3.75

3.55 

3.5

3.35

3.05

6.6

7.25

5.45

4.75

4.35 

4.55

4.85

4.3

2.08

2.08

1.98

2.03

2.08

2.08

2.3

2.45

2.45

2.3

2.3

2.5

2.6 

2.45

2.4

2.2

5.7

4.7 

3.7

3.05

2.85

2.65 

2.7

3.05 

2.95

2.6 

2.75

2.7

2.65

3.25

alee conditions probably prevailed about February 7 to 28 and perhaps for a few days also during the 

periods from January 25 to February 6 and March 1 to 12, 1907. 

6 Ice conditions prevailed February 2 to 14 and probably slight ice effect during December, 1908.
46 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1901-8.

Rating table for Blacklick Creek at Blacklick, Pa., for September 1, 1905, to December 31,

1908.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.88

1.89

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

6.0

6.8

7.5

21

38

59

83

110

140

172

2. 70 I 205

2.80

2.90

3.00

240

280

320

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

365

415

470

525

590

660

730

805

885

965

1,050

1,140

. 1,230

1.320

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,420

1,520

1,620

1,720

1,820

1,930

2,150

2,370

2,600

2,840

3,090

3,350

3,610

3,870

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

4,130

4,410

4,690

4,970

5,250

5,550

5,850

7, 570

9,250

11,050

12, 950

14, 950

17,050

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for ice or obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on 9 discharge measurements made during 1905 to 1908 and is well denned below gage height 5 feet. Above this 

point the rating is only approximate.

The above rating supersedes all ratings previously published for the period September 1, 1905, to July, 

1906.

Monthly discharge of Blacklick Creek at Blacklick, Pa., for 1905 to 1908.

[Drainage area, 403 square miles.]

Month.

1905.

1906.

1907.

July......................................

1908.

July.......................................

The vear. ...........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,740 

3,090 

5,400 

10,500

3,350 

730 

5.550 

5,250

8,230

15,400 

1,320 

1,280 

2,960 

558 

186 

1,720 

1,720 

2,780 

2,370

15,400

4,130 

9,250 

10,700 

2,960 

4,410 

625 

1,280 

222 

35 

35 

55 

2,720

10,700

Minimum.

38 

21 

240 

280

525 

240 

205 

1,140

498

442 

415 

205 

222 

96 

38 

38 

140 

280 

205

38

415

660 

470 

415 

140 

59 

30 

6.0 

18.3 

18.3 

18

6.0

Mean.

349 

520 

710 

1,570

1,130 

468 

1,140 

2,840

2.280 

515 

2,570 

651 

533 

680 

221 

86.0 

485 

579 

763 

1,060

869

894 

1,060 

2,830 

1,160 

1.570 

283 

201 

95.5 

16.4 

22.9 

42.1 

302

706

Per 

square 

mile.

0.866 

1.29 

1.76 

3.90

2.80 

1.16 

2.83 

7.05

5.66 

1.28 

6.38 

1.62 

1.32 

1.69 

.548 

.213 

1.20 

1.44 

1.89 

2.63

2.16

2.22 

2.63 

7.02 

2.88 

3.90 

.702 

.499 

.237 

.041 

.057 

.104 

.749

1.75

Run-off 

( depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.97 

1.49 

1.96 

4.50

3.23 

.35 

3.26 

2.36

6.52 

1.33 

7.36 

1.81 

1.52 

1.89 

.63 

.25 

1.34 

1.66 

2.11 

3.03

29.45

2.56 

2.84 

8.09 

3.21 

4.50 

.78 

.58 

.27 

.05 

.07 

.12 

.86

23.93

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

A. 

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

B. 

D. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

C.

NOTE. Ice conditions prevailed February 1 to 20, 1906. No discharge published after April 9, 1906, 

on account of inaccurate gage readings.

The above values of monthly discharge for 1905-6 supersede those previously published in WaterSupply Papers 169 and 205.

Discharge during the frozen periods and January 1 to 7, 1907, estimated on the basis of climatological 

reports and general run-off conditions in the Allegheny and Youghiogheny River drainages.

Discharge January 1 to 7,1907, 2,000 second-feet; February 7 to 28,1907, 450 second-feet; February 2 to 

14,1908,392 second-feet.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8. 47 

MONONGAHELA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Monongahela and Allegheny rivers unite at Pittsburg to form Ohio 

River. The drainage basin of the Allegheny, which is much the 

larger, lies to the north; that of the Monongahela lies to the south. 

The drainage basin of Monongahela River lies in the States of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and West Virginia. The river is formed in the 

east central part of Marion County, W. Va., by the junction of Tygart 

and West Fork rivers; from this point it flows northeastward across 

the Pennsylvania state line to the mouth of Cheat River, thence 

northward, and joins Ohio River at Pittsburg, Pa. The important 

tributaries beginning at the head of the river and following down the 

east bank are Cheat and Youghiogheny rivers; on the west bank are 

Buffalo and Tenmile creeks, neither of which is of much importance. 

The total length of the river is 125 miles. The total drainage area 

is about 7,350 square miles.

The Tygart, also called Tygarts Valley River, drains the country 

to the southeast of the head of Monongahela River; the West Fork, 

the country to the southwest. Tygart River rises in the southern 

part of Randolph County, W. Va., flows in a general northerly direction, and joins the West Fork at Fairmont, W. Va. West Fork River 

rises in the western part of Upshur County, W. Va., flows northwestward into Lewis County, thence it flows in a slight northeasterly 

direction, and joins the Monongahela at Fairmont. The length of 

Tygart River is about 100 miles (map measurement); its drainage 

area above its mouth is about 1,420 square miles. The West Fork 

is about 70 miles (map measurement) in length; the drainage area 

above its mouth is about 845 square miles. The headwaters of these 

two streams drain the western slopes of the Allegheny Mountains.

In the upper portions the country is mountainous in character, 

the slopes of the valleys are steep and in many places precipitous, 

and the fall of the streams is rapid; farther down the country becomes 

less mountainous in character but remains very rolling. The steep 

slopes and rocky nature of the soil at the headwaters cause the heavy 

rains to run off* rapidly, with but little absorption by the soil, thus 

producing sudden and intense floods, and a low flow in dry periods. 

The headwater regions are covered with fine growths of hardwood 

timber which are being rapidly lumbered. Below Fairmont the 

slope of the main stream is but little more than 1 foot per mile.

The drainage basin is exceptionally rich in natural resources, being 

underlain by very valuable and extensive coal beds and containing 

oil and gas in abundance. The country drained by Cheat and 

Youghiogheny rivers is of the same character as that drained by 

Tygart and West Fork rivers, being mountainous and rough at the
48 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1907-8.

headwaters, losing the mountainous character as the rivers are descended, and continuing rolling and hilly to the junctions with the 

main stream.

Monongahela River is navigable its entire length by means of locks 

and dams.

The elevation of the sources of the West Fork is 1,500 feet; of the 

Tygart is 3,500 feet; at Fairmont the elevation is 860 feet; at the 

mouth of the river at Pittsburg the elevation is 707 feet.

This basin was at one time covered with forests, but the greater 

part has been cut off. There is still timber at the headwaters, but 

the area of timbered land is small when compared to the total area 

of drainage basin.

The mean annual rainfall on that portion of the basin in West Virginia is from 45 to 50 inches. On the portion in Pennsylvania, it is 

40 to 45 inches. The winter conditions in the southern part of the 

basin are comparatively mild. The snowfall is light and does not 

last long, and ice does not form very thick. In the northern part of 

the basin ice forms about a foot in thickness during severe winters, 

but in ordinary winters it is not very thick, and it causes little trouble 

in floods. The tributaries of Monongahela River afford a number of 

reservoirs, some of which would store an immense quantity of water.

Fuel is so cheap and abundant in the drainage basin that little 

water power has been developed, although the main stream and its 

tributaries afford good opportunities. At the dams on the main 

stream a fall of about 140 feet is available for use. The low flow 

during dry spells is an unfavorable condition for water power development.

The following gaging stations have been maintained in this drainage 

basin:

Tygart River at Belington, W. Va., 1907-1908.

Tygart River at Fetterman, W. Va., 1907-1908.

Monongahela River at Lock No. 4, Pa., 1886-1906. Flood stage record only.

Buckhannon River at Hall, W. Va., 1907-1908.

West Fork River at Enterprise, W. Va., 1907-1908.

Buffalo Creek at Barrackville, W. Va., 1907-1908.

Cheat River at Morgan town, W. Va., 1899-1900; 1902-1905; 1908.

Youghiogheny River at Friendsville, Md., 1898-1904.

Youghiogheny River at Confluence, Pa., 1904-1908.

Casselman River at Confluence, Pa., 1904-1908.

Laurel Hill Creek at Confluence, Pa., 1904-1908.

Indian Creek at Westmoreland County, Pa., 1892-1893.

TYGART RIVER AT BELINGTON, W. VA.

This station is located at the highway bridge at Belington, W. Va. 

It was established June 5, 1907, to obtain data connected with the 

study of water power, water supply, pollution, flood control, and 

storage problems.
MONONGAHELA EIVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 49

In general the winters are mild. The station has not been maintained long enough to determine definitely the ice conditions.

The records are reliable and accurate; the datum of the gage has 

remained unchanged.

Discharge measurements of Tygart River at Belington, W. Va., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907.

1908.

Hydrographer.

A. TI. ITorton ......................................

A. H . Horton ......................................

W. G. Hoyt ........................................

Width.

Feet. 

189

196

193

186

174

180

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

604

838

718

408

349

303

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.50

5.54

4.99

3.73

3.14

2.87

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

856

1,640

1,200

459

233

147

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tygart River at Belington, W. Va., for 1907 and 1908. 

[Observers, Charles Brandenburg and S. A. Campbell.]

Day.

1907. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

6. . . . . .

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14. ..............

15...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23..............

24...............

25. ..............

26. ..............

27. ..............

9s

29. .............. 

30. ..............

3;...............

Jan.

.......

.......

.......

-....-.

. .

Feb.

.......

Mar.

.......

.......

.......

.......

.......

Apr. May.

.......

June.

4.5

5.6

5.0

4.8

10.8

6.7

5.4

5.0

9.3

10.1

11.7

11.2

5.3

4.9

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.5

3 4

3.3

4.4

4 1

3.7

3.5

3.4 

3.2

July.

3.5

3.9

5.6

5.1

4.1

3.5

3.7

4.1

4.7

9.2

5.9

7.6

8.1

7.9

5.1

4.1

7.1

18.7

6.2

5.6

5.0

4.1

4

C

4.4

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.1

5.1

4.8

4.6

Aug.

3.9

3.4

3.3

i 1

3.3

3.4

3.2

3.2

2.9

3.5

4.0

3.7

3.4

3.2

3.1

0 A

3.2

3.5

3

0

3.2

3.0

2.8

3.1

10.0

8.6

4 9

4.1

3.8

3.5 

3.3

3.2

Sept.

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.5

4.6

4.1

3.5

3.1

3.0

3.1

4.0

4.1

3.6

3.3

3.2

3.4

3.2

4 9

4.1

3.7

3.4

3

1

3.5

3.8

3.0

2.9

3.0 

3.1

Oct.

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.1

5.6

4.8

4.2

4 9

5.8

4.3

4.0

3.6

3.4

3.3

 * 1

3.1

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.9

2

0

2.8

2.7

2.9

3.5

6.5 

6.2

5.8

Nov.

4.1

4.0

5.2

6

O

5.3

8.2

7.1

6.3

6.6

7.3

6.1

5.3

4.4

4.2

 } Q

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.3

0 A

6.1

7.8

6.2

5.3

4.6

4.3 

3.9

Dec.

3.9

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.6

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.4

5.2

8.9

6.3

5.4

6.0

9.3

7.1

6.2

5.1

4 7

4.5

4.2

3.9

4 1

9.3

7.1

4.7

4.3

4.2 

4.7

5.1

21144 IRR 243 10-
50 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofTygart River at Belington, W. Va., for 1907 and 1908 Cont'd.

Day.

1908.

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7. ..............

8...............

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

14. ..............

15. ..............

16. ..............

17. ..............

19

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23. ..............

24...............

25...............

26. ..............

27...............

28. ..............

29. ..............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.3

6.2

6.9

6.7

6.4

11.5

8.2

5.9

4.8

4.3

4.2

4.3

4.5

5.9

5.6

5.4

4.2

6.3

6.6

5.7

5.4

4.5

Feb.

4.3

6.1

5.9

5.5

5.3

7.1

7.3

6.2

5.7

4.8

4.6

6.2

9.1

10.5

10.4

12.9

7.1

6.2

5.3

5.2

4 9

4.4

4.1

4.0

3.8

3.9

4.5

4.3

4.0

Mar.

4.4

12.3

9.1

6.9

5.6

6.2

8.5

7.0

6.8

6.4

5.3

4 9

4.6

4.5

4.6

4.5

4.7

5.8

8.3

5.1

4.8

4.7

4.5

4.3

4.0

4.1

4.6

6.4

Apr.

10.1

7.8

7.0

5.8

4 9

4.6

4.3

7.5

7.7

8.9

8.7

6.6

5.3

4.7

5.1

6.7

5.6

6.5

5.7

4.8

4.5

3.9

3.8

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.0

3.9

May.

3.8

3.9

4.1

4.3

8 9

7.9

10.7

10.9

10.4

6.7

4.5

4.3

5.8

4.2

4.7

7.3

8.2

7.4

6.2

4.9

4.6

6.4

5.2

4.5

4.1

8.3

6.2

June.

4.7

4.1

3.9

4.0

6.3

4.9

4.2

3.9

3.5

3.3

3.1

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.0

2.9

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

July.

2

e

2.4

2.3

3 i

4 6

3.8

3.4

3 9

3.1

3.0

2.9

9 fi

2.7

2.6

3.0

2.6

3.0

3.4

2.9

2.8

3 9

3.2

3.3

3.9

5.9

6 9

4.6

4 1

3.6

3.3

Aug.

3 n

2.2

2.6

2 9

3.2

2.7

2.7

2.9

2.8

2 9

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.0

2.3

2.3

2.4

2 6

2.5

2.3

Sept.

2 9

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1 9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1 9

Oct.

1 9

1 9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.8

Nov.

1.8

1.8

1 9

1.8

2 0

2.1

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.0

9 n

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

9 n

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

Dec.

2.1

2.1

2.1

2 1

2.1

9 9

9 9

2 2

2.2

9 9

9 ^

2.8

3.0

2.9

2.7

2.6

9 1

9 1

2.8

3.0

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.9

TYGART RIVER AT FETTERMAN, W. VA.

This station is located at the highway bridge at Fetterman, W. Va. 

It was established June 3, 1907, to obtain data for use in studying water power, water supply, pollution, flood control, and storage 

problems.

Lost Otter Creek enters from the west about one-half mile below 

the station.

The winters are mild; ice does not form very thick and does not 

last long. The records are reliable and accurate; the datum of the 

gage has not been changed.

Discharge measurements of Tygart River at Fetterman, W. Va., in 1907.

Date. Hydrographer.

.....do.....--..-...-...--..--....-...-....-..-...-..

Width.

Feet.

271

271

271

265

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

1,890

1,970

1,800

1,500

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.68

6.02

5.39

4.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,100

3,790

2,480

794
MONOJSTGAHELA EIVEE DKAINAGE BASIN. 51

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tygart River at Fetterman, W. Fa., for 1907 and 1908. 

[Observer, Joseph Gerken.]

Day.

1907. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7....... ........

9...............

10...............

11...... .........

12...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

21...............

22...............

24...............

OC

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

on

1908. 

1...............

2...............

3... ............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9............... 

10...............

11.............

12...............

13............

14..............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26.............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.4

5.35

5.15

5.05

5.1

5.02

4.95

4.95

4.75 

4.65

4.7

8.8

14.1

10.2

7.0

6.25

5.95

5.65

5.55

5.15

5.0

5.2

5.82

5.85

5.3

5.2

7.45

7.95

6 9

6.0

5.5

Feb.

5.55

5.5

5.55

5.9

6.15

10.1

8.4

6.6

5.7 

5.5

5.25

5.75

9.1

10.65

13.25

14.3

9.65

6.85

6.55

7.1

6.45

5.9

5.65

5.35

5.2

5.7

6.25

5.9

5.6

Mar.

5.95

13.35

11.05

8.2

6.7

7.2

9.2

8.4

12.1 

10.15

8.25

6.7

6.15

5.75

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.45

8.85

9.5

7.7

6.6

5.9

5.8

5.6

5.4

5.3

5.15

5.6

7.75

9.2

Apr.

11.0

10.25

8.55

7.2

5.95

5.65

5.35

5.4

8.35 

8.55

9.65

11.25

8.85

6.6

5.85

5.85

6.45

6.7

6.3

6.8

6.9

5.95

5.4

5.15

5.0

4.85

4.75

4.7

4.55

4.5

May.

4.65

4.75

4.95

5.7

12.75

13.0

11.55

13. 45

10.6 

12.55

11. 85

8.55

6.3

5.8

5.75

5.5

5.95

5.85

6.65

7.6

11.55

9.05

7.25

6.25

5.7

5.85

5.55

5.15

4.8

4.55

6.6

June.

5.7

5.6

5.4

6.6

6.35

6.05

10.9

8.8

6.3

6.0

6.4

13.3

12.6

8.95

6.5

5.7

5.25

4.75

4.7

4.55

4.55

4.5

5.45

4.5

4.45

A OK

4.3

5.6

5.0

4.75

4.8

5.4

5.5

4.85

4.55

4.4 

4.2

4.18

4.12

4.1

3.95

4.0

4.45

4.55

4.2

4.05

3.95

3.85

3.8

3.85

4.0

3.95

3.9

3.85

3.8

3.75

3.7

July.

5.15

6.3

6.6

5.5

4.9

4.55

4.55

4.45

4.8

9.1

8.25

8.15

8.15

7.2

5.9

5.3

12.7

19.8

15.6

9.15

6.75

5.6

5.45

5.85

6.45

5.75

5.75

5.0

4.55

4.8

4.85

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.6

4.3

4.35

4.25

4.1 

3.95

3.8

3.6

3.65

3.95

3.95

3.85

3.85

4.1

4.45

4.5

4.15

4.05

4.45

4.7

5.15

6.7

7.45

6.3

5.55

5.1

4.85

Aug.

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.28

4.15

4.65

4.6

4.4

4.5

5.25

6.1

5.05

4.6

4.35

4.15

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.15

4.05

3.95

3.88

4.15

8.6

11.2

9.1

6.2

5.45

4.9

4.75

4.45

4.35

3.85

3.65

3.6

3.6

3.55

3.5

3.8

4.0 

3.7

3.65

3.65

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.55

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.45

3.4

3.4

3.35

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.15

3.1

Sept.

4.3

4.25

4.25

4.25

4.65

5.0

4.6

4.4

4.25

4.7

4.95

4.65

4.45

4.35

4.15

4.05

4.15

5.05

5.0

4.55

4.5

4.4

4.45

4.35

4.3

4.15

4.05

4.1

4.2

3.25

3.2

3.25

3.25

3.2

3.15

3.1

3.08

3.02 

3.0

2.98

2.92

2.9

2.9

2.85

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.65

2.6

Oct.

4.12

4.1

4.08

4.1

6.05

7.4

5.55

5.7

8.65

6.8

5.6

5.15

4 9

4.75

4.65

4.55

4.48

4.35

4.15

4.12

4.12

4.1

4.02

3.98

3.9

3.8

3.9

5.4

7.7

6.55

5.75

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.45

2.4 

2.4

2.4

2.45

2.55

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.35

2.4

2.4

Nov.

5.4

5.5

7.4

7.75

6 AC;

6.65

8.85

7.6

6 9

6.6

6.0

5.5

5.15

4

7F:

4.6

5.0

c n

5.0

4 9

4.8

6.6

8 f|

7 0

6.4

5 45

c -l

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3 

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.45

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.55

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

Dec.

4.85

4.75

4.7

4.55

4

C

A QC

4 3

4.2

n

o

8.4

6 55

8.0

9 95

9.05

7.0

5 75

ft nc

8

7C

8

0

6 5

5.6

C A

c oc

c oc

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.75

2.8

2 9

2.95

3.1

3.1 

3.0

3.0

3.25

3.75

3.85

4.0

3.85

3.7

3.65

3.8

3.7

3.75

3.75

3.7

3.7

3.65

3.6

3.6

3.55

3.55

3.65
52 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

BUCKHANNON EIVEE AT HALL, W. VA.

This station is located at the highway bridge at Hall, W. Va. It 

was established June 7, 1907, to obtain data for use in studying 

water power, water supply, pollution, flood control, and storage 

problems.

Pecks Run is tributary .on the left bank about a mile below the 

station.

When this station was established, it was thought that the dam 

and mill at Boulder, a few miles below, had been abandoned, and that 

backwater effect, being constant, would not vitiate the gage readings. 

Some time during the summer of 1908 the dam was repaired, thus 

raising the water about 1 foot in the pond above the dam. It is 

believed that the gage readings from the date of establishment until 

the latter part of November, 1908, are but little modified by backwater effect, but this is not certain, and the records should be used 

with caution, especially for low stages. A small power plant, used 

principally for grinding grain, is located a short distance above the 

station, and this plant may modify the low water flow to a slight 

extent.

Winter conditions are mild, and ice causes little trouble.

Except as above indicated, the records are reliable and accurate. 

The datum of the gage has remained unchanged.

Discharge measurements of Buckhannon River at Hall,W.Va., in 1907 and 1908.

Dale.

1107.

1908.

Hydrographer.

A. H. Horton ......................................

W. G. Hoyt............. ...........................

Width.

Feet. 

108

108

102

100

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

484

329

285

286

Gage 

height.

Feet. 509

4.10

3.54

3.53

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

273

138

147

Daily gage height, in feet, of Budchannon River at Hall, W. Va., for 1907 and 1908. 

[Observer, James Newcomb.]

Day.

1907. 

1...............

2...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June.

5.3

7.6

10.5

7.3

5.7

5.2

7.3

10.6

9.9

July.

5.6

6.6

5.6

4.7

4.4

3.9

3.9

5.0

4.3

10.3

7.2

6.0

8.5

6.4

5.3

Aug.

4.1

4.0

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.6

4.1

3.9

3.9

5.0

4.9

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.7

Sept.

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.9

4.7

4.3

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

4.0

3.9

3.7

Oct.

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.3

5.3

6.1

4.9

4.5

7.9

5.9

5.0

4.5

4.3

4.1

4.1

Nov.

4.9

4.7

6.4

6.7

6.0

5.5

6.5

6.8

6.1

6.0

6.9

6.0

5.4

5.1

4.6

Dec.

4.3

4.3

4.1

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

40

4.0

4.8

9.8

7.5

5.9

6.6

8.8
MONONGAHELA EIVEB DEAINAGE BASIN. 53

Daily gage height, in feet, of Buckhannon River at Hall, W. Va., for 1907 and 1908 

Continued.

Day.

1907. 

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23

24. ..............

OC

26...............

27...............

28...............

30

31

1908.

2...............

5...............

6...............

8...............

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

1 9

15...............

18...............

19

20...............

21...............

22...............

23. ..............

24...............

25. ..............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

4

K

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.5

4.3

4.3

4.6

4.3

4.2

6.3

9.5

6.7

6.0

5.5

5.2

5.0

4.8

4.5

. 4.3

4.5

4.7

4.9

4.7

4.7

6.5

7.8

6.2

6.0

6.0

Feb.

6.0

8.9

8.7

8.5

8.2

13.8

8.3

6.0

5.1

5.0

4.7

4.6

5.6

7.4

8.3

11.1

7.6

6.0

5.7

6.2

5.7

5.4

4.9

4.7

4.6

4.5

5.5

5.4

4.9

Mar.

4.8

9.7

8.4

6.7

5.8

6.1

7.7

6.5

7.8

8.2

6.6

5.9

5.4

5.2

4.9

5.0

4.8

4.8

5.0

7.2

6.2

5.5

5.2

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.7

8.2

7.2

Apr.

9 1

8.5

7.0

5.7

5.2

4.9

4.8

4.6

6.6

7.2

8.5

10.1

7.0

5.8

5.2

5.5

6.0

5.5

5.6

6.2

5.8

5.2

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.0

3.9

3.8

May.

4.0

4.3

4.4

8.4

9.5

7.5

9.2

7.4

10.55

10.2

6.7

5.6

5.0

4.6

5.2

5.0

4.6

4.7

5.9

8.2

6.8

5.8

5.2

4.8

4.9

4.7

4.3

4.1

4.0

5.6

June.

7.1

5.9

5.0

4.6

4.2

4.2

3.9

3.8

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.8

4.0

3.7

3.8

4.7

4.2

4.0

3.9

4.3

4.1

3.9

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.7

3.5

3.3

3.5

3.9

3.9

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.7

2.5

July.

5.3

5.1

13.3

11.5

7.1

5.7

4.8

5.5

5.6

4.8

4.4

4/3

4.2

3.9

4.3

4.2

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.4

3.3

3.8

3.5

3.4

3.2

3.1

2.8

2.5

2.3

2.5

2.8

3.5

3.2

4.0

4.4

3.8

3.6

4.1

4.3

3.8

4.2

5.7

5.4

5.3

4.5

3.8

Aug.

3.5

3.6

4.0

3.9

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.4

8.3

10.1

8.9

5.8

4.9

4.4

4.2

4.0

3.6

3.4

3.2

2.9

2.6

2.5

3.7

3.8

3.6

3.3

3.5

3.3

3.1

2.8

2.5

2.3

2.3

2.3

-2,2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

Sept.

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.3

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.5

Oct.

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

4.3

7.3

6.0

5.3

1 f(

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.4

Nov.

4.4

4.2

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.1

5.9

6.9

6.0

5.4

5.0

4.6

4.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

Dec.

7.2

6.2

5.5

5.2

4.9

4.6

4.5

4.5

6.1

6.5

5.8

5.3

4.9

4.8

4.7

4.6

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.2

2.6

3.9

3.5

3.2

2.7

2.5

2.3

2.5

3.0

3.1

3.2

2.8

2.7

2.5

2.8

3.4

3.4

3.5

WEST FORK RIVER AT ENTERPRISE, W. VA.

This station, which is located at the highway bridge at Enterprise, 

W. Va., was established June 2, 1907, to obtain data for use in studying water power, water supply, pollution, flood control, and storage 

problems.

Bingamon Creek is tributary from the west about 1 mile below 

the station.

Winter conditions are mild and ice does not form very thick, if 

at all.
54 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

A small dam is located at Worthington about 3 miles below the 

station, but backwater does not reach to the section, for, from 

December 5 to 12, 1908, when the gates at the dam were opened to 

let water out of the pond, no effect was produced at the gage. The 

gage reader states that during the summer of 1908 the only water 

running in the river was the pumpage from the numerous coal 

mines along the stream.

The datum of the gage has remained unchanged; the records are 

reliable and accurate.

Discharge measurements of West Fork River at Enterprise, W. Va., in 1907.

Date. Hydrographer.

.....do..............................................

Width.

Feet. 

171

156

161

157

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

825

558

718

CAA

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.94

3.44

4.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,260

1,010

1,600

617

Daily gage height, in feet, of West Fork River at Enterprise, W. Va.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Observer, Charles M. Tetrick.]

Day.

1907. 

1.... ...........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10.-.....---.....

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

14...............

16...............

17

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

99

oo

24...............

25...............

26...............

27.......-.-.-...

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

1908. 

1...............

2. ..............

3...............

4...............

5...............

Jan.

.......

.......

.......

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.0

3.0

Feb.

-------

.......

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.3

15.0

Mar.

9.0

14.0

8.0

6.5

5.0

Apr.

:::::::

8.7

10.4

8.0

6.4

4.4

May.

2.0

3.0

2.6

5.0

16.4

June.

4.9

4.8

3.8

3.2

3.6

3.5

3.2

4.8

4.5

3.3

2.9

5.1

9.4

6.4

4.5

3.5

2.9

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.6

2.4

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.8

July.

1.6

3.0

3.9

3.6

3.1

2.0

3.5

3.5

8.4

5.0

9.6

7.5

4.8

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.5

9.5

8.5

4.9

4.2

3.1

4.6

3.8

3.5

3.8

3.1

2.7

2.3

2.2

2.0

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

Aug.

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.3

2.2

2.0

4.2

3.6

2.9

2.5

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.8

2.0

2.3

2.1

2.0

3 A

8.2

6.8

5.6

4.2

3.5

2.6

2.4

2.1

1.9

1.8

2.5

2.0

1.6

Sept.

2.0

1.9

1.8

2.7

2.5

2.3

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7

4.5

6.5

4.5

3.0

2.8

2.5

2.1

2.0

3.0

3.1

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.9

1.0

.9

.8

.7

.8

Oct.

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.2

4.0

3.5

4.3

3.6

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.3

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.5

3.6

5.4

A K

3.3

.8

.7

.8

.8

.8

Nov.

3.6

8.4

6.3

5.5

5.0

4.6

4.2

4.0

3.7

3.5

3.1

2.8

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.0

10.5

8.5

4.5

3.2

3.0

2.7

.8

.8

.8

.8

Dec.

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.1

2.6

9.7

7.5

6.0

8.5

9 0

7.0

6.3

5.1

4.0

3.8

3

K

3.0

2

0

4.8

3.5

^ 1

2.9

3

n

2.6

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8
MONONGAHELA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 55

Daily gage height, in feet, of West Fork River at Enterprise, W. Va., for 1907 and

1908 Continued.

Day.

1908. 

6...............

8............... 

9...............

10............... 

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16............... 

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22............... 

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

23...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.8 

2.7

2.6 

4.2

4.0

4.2

4.6

9 9

7.6

5.2

4.8 

4.5

4.1

3.8

3.4

3.1

3.0 

2.9

9 S

2.8

3.5

6.7

5.0

4.6

4.2

4.0

Feb.

7.7 

5.5

4.6 

4.2

4.0 

3.7

3.3

3.0

8.3

8.0 

6.4

4.3

4.0

6.1

5.0

4.5 

4.0

0 0

3.6

5.7

5.2

4.8

4.5

Mar.

6.0 

5.4

5.0 

13.5

9.6 

6.3

4.7

3.7

3.5

3.3 

3.1

3.0

11.8

7.6

5.1

4.5 

3.9

3 4

3.1

3.4

3.2

3.0

6.5

7.0

7.0

Apr.

3.5 

3.4

3.2

6.8

6.3

6.5

5.5

4.5

4.0

3.7

3.3 

3.2

3.2

3.0

2.9

3.1

2.7 

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

May.

11.4 

10.5

8.2 

10.0

9.5 

7.1

5.2

4.0

3.2

3.1

2.8 

3.2

3.9

5.3

5.1

10.6

5.6 

4.7

4.0

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.0

2.8

2.5

2.3

June.

1.7 

1.6

1.5 

1.5

1.4 

1.3

1.2

1.0

1.0

3.1

2.6 

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.7

1.5

1.4 

1.3

1 9

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.9

1.7

July.

1.1 

1.1

1.8 

1.6

1.4 

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.6

1.4

1.5 

1.3

2.8

2.0

2.9

2.2

2.0 

1.8

1.5

1.4

1.6

2.5

2.3

2.1

2.0

2.0

Aug.

2.6 

2.1

2.0 

1.9

1.8 

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.1 

1.3

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

1.0 

1.1

1.0

.9

.9

.8

.8

.8

0

7

Sept.

0 8

8

8

6 

9

8

7

6

7

7 

9

9

9

8

8

9

8

7

6

8

9

8

7

8

Oct.

0 9

8

8 

8

7 

8

8

8

8

8

8 

8

8

8

8

8

8 

9

9

9

9

9

9

8

8

8

Nov.

0 8

8

8 

8

8 

8

8

8

8

8

8 

8

8

8

8

8

8 

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

Dec.

0.8

.8

.8 

1.3

1.1 

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.2

1.1

1.0

.9

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.2 

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.6

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

BUFFALO CREEK AT BARRACKVILLE, W. VA.

This station, which was established June 3, 1907, to obtain data 

for studying water power, flood control, and storage problems, is 

located at the iron highway bridge, about one-third mile above the 

covered wooden bridge at Barrackville, W. Va. The bridge is about 

2f miles from Fairmont, and is about 4 miles above the mouth of the 

creek. Finches Run is tributary from the north about one-third 

mile below the station.

The winters are mild at this station and ice causes little or no 

trouble. The datum of the gage has remained unchanged. The 

records are reliable and accurate.

The station was discontinued December 31, 1908, as the stream is 

dry in summer.

Discharge measurements of Buffalo Creek at Barrackville, W. Va., in 1907.

Date. Hydrographer.

.....do...... .......................................

Width.

Feet. 

92

87

90

69

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

181

141

193

90

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.73

2.36

2.79

1.79

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

275

194

303

58
56 STJBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Buffalo Creek at Barrackville, W. Va.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Observer, Miss Ethel Bert Hotter.]

Day.

1907. 

1...... .........

2. ..............

4...............

8...............

7... ............

8...............

g

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

1908.

2...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7. .............. 

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

.......

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

2.7

2.3

2.3 

3.5

3.0

2.3

2.3

2.9

4.9

3.2

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.8

2.1

2.2

1.8

5.2

2.9

2.7

2.2

2.3

Feb.

.......

.......

.......

:::::::

.......

2.3

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.7

7.5

3.2 

2.5

2.7

2.3

2.3

2.6

3.0

3.4

6.0

4.1

2.9

2.3

2.5

3.6

2.6

2.5

2.3

2.0

2.0

4.0

4.0

2.8

2.5

Mar.

.......

:::::::

.......

2.5

6.4

2.9

2.5

4.1

3.8 

3.0

5.7

3.8

3.1

2.7

2.4

2.5

2.3

2.4

2.2

2.1

8.0

2.8

2.4

2.3

2.5

2.3

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.4

3.6

3 7

Apr.

3.5

3.9

3.0

2.5

2.2

2.3

2.1 

2.0

4.1

3.0

4.7

3.4

2.7

2.2

2.3

2.0

1.9

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.6

May.

:::::::

--

3.1

2.4

3.0

2.8

8.2

4.3

4.4

3.7

3.0

4.6

3.0

2.5

2.2

2.0

1.9

2.1

1.8

2.2

2.0

2.2

2.7

2.2

1.9

1.6

1.9

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

4.1

2.G

June.

2.7

2.4

2.8

3.0

2.4

2.3

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.9

6.8

3.2

2.4

2.1

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.6

2.0

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.9

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3 

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

July.

1.4

2.8

1 9

1.6

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.2

3.1

2.5

1.8

1.7

1.6

2.2

2.3

3.1

1.7

2.0

1.8

3.5

2.3

4.4

5.3

3.5

2.5

2.0

2.0

1.8

.9

.9

1.7

1.2

1.1

.9

.9 

.9

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.2

1.8

2.7

1.6

1.3

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.1

1.1

1.7

1.7

1.4

1.3

1.2

Aug.

1.8

1.6

1.7

1.4

3.1

2.2

3.0

2.0

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1 9

1.8

1.6

1 K

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.0

1.0

g

.8

g

.8

.7

.7

.7

.7

1.6

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

.8

.8

Sept.

1.3

1.3

1.4

2.9

2.0

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

2.9

3.0

2.1

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

2.4

1.7

1.6

1.7

1.6

2.2

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

.7

.7

Oct.

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

2.5

2.0

1.7

1.7

1.5

2.1

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.9

2.7

2.1

1.8

Nov.

1.7

1.8

5.4

3.3

2.6

2.3

2.5

2.3

2.1

1.9

1.9

1.7

1.7

1.3

1.5

1.6

l.G

1.5

2.5

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.9

5.3

4.2

3.1

2.7

2.3

2.1

1.9

Dec.

1.9

1.9

1.7

1.7

1.8

2.2

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.9

3.8

2.8

2.2

5.6

4.4

3.5

2.8

2.5

2.4

2.0

2.1

2.0

4.5

3.9

2.9

2.5

2.2

2.1

2.1

1.9

2.5

.7

.7

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.6

1 9

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

2.1

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

NOTE. Water was standing in pools at gage height 0.7 foot and on those days for which no gage height 

is given.
MONONGAHELA KIVEB DRAINAGE BASIN. 57 

YOUGHIOGHENY RIVER AT CONFLUENCE, PA.

The Youghiogheny rises in Garrett County, Md. ? and flows in a 

northwesterly direction into Pennsylvania, emptying into Monongahela River about 15 miles above Pittsburg. Its source is on the 

western slope of the Allegheny Mountains, at an elevation of about 

2,900 feet. For 19 miles above its mouth the average fall of the 

stream is about 2 feet per mile, but above that point it soori increases 

to an average fall of nearly 5 feet per mile. The average width of 

the river from its mouth to West Newton, Pa., is about 546 feet.

The gaging station which was established by the United States 

Geological Survey September 15, 1904, to obtain comparative and 

statistical data regarding the discharge of the Youghiogheny for use 

in the determination of methods of flood prevention and for storage, 

navigation, and power problems, is located at a highway bridge 

about one-half mile from the railroad station at Confluence, Pa. 

It is now maintained by the Water Supply Commission of Pennsylvania, by which the records of gage heights and discharge measurements are furnished.

No important tributaries enter above the station. Casselman 

River, having approximately the same drainage area as Youghiogheny River, enters from the right about one-half mile below the 

station, and a short distance below Casselman River, Laurel Hill 

Creek enters also from the right. This creek has about one-fourth 

the drainage area of the Youghiogheny above Confluence. The 

joining of these three tributaries to the main Youghiogheny River, 

together with the inadequate flood channel capacity of the main 

stream, causes gorging and backwater at high stages to a greater or 

less extent in all of them. No measurements have yet been obtained which show backwater at the Youghiogheny station, but 

from general conditions it is believed to occur occasionally, particularly at very high stages, although much less than at the Casselman 

and Laurel Hill stations. A tangent has been adopted for the 

rating curve at high stages and applied directly without correction 

throughout 1907 and 1908. It may give excessive discharge occasionally, but in general and from daily comparisons with other stations the results are believed to be essentially correct."

Conditions of flow are probably permanent, although somewhat 

disturbed by a low rock dam under the bridge. The low-water 

rating curve is fairly well defined. The discharge is occasionally 

affected by ice conditions. The datum of the gage has remained 

constant since the establishment of the station.

a See also Casselman River and Laurel Hill Creek at Confluence, Pa.
58 STJKFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Discharge measurements of Youghiogheny River at Confluence, Pa., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907.

1908.

September 25 a .

Hydrographer.

H. D. Padgett. .....................................

F. F. Henshaw. ....................................

R. H. Bolster. .....................................

F. E. Laneenheim. .................................

Width.

Feet. 

222

201

257

178

75

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

475

196

1,900

98

69

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.38

2.20

9.10

1.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

307

8,850

22.9

a Wading measurement.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Youghiogheny River at Confluence, Pa., for 1907 and 1908.

[Observer, L. L. Mountain.]

Day.

1907.o 

1. ..............

2...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9

10...............

11...............

12................

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

1908.6

2...............

3.. .............

6.... ...........

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

Jan.

6.3

4.9

3.9

3.7

3.4

3.4

3.9

5.0

4.2

11.15

7.25

11.6

8.9

6.7

8.1

12.65

6.2

4.8

3.7

4.0

3.7

2.9

2.8

2.7

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.0

2.9

2.65

2.5

2.65

2.55

5.8

5.35

4.65

3.65

3.3

2.95

2.8

2.65

Feb.

2.65

3.2

6.35

5.0

3.75

3.65

3.3

3.15

2.8

2.7

2.65

2.65

2.6

2.9

2.85

2.8

2.75

3.0

3.85

3.4

3.1

3.05

3.0

2.95

2.9

2.9

3.0

3.3

2.95

2.75

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.55

2.55

2.6

2.7

3.75

5.65

15.0

8.75

5.8

4.0

3.5

Mar.

3.2

4.15

3.6

3.4

3.25

3.1

3.0

2.95

2.9

3.0

3.5

3.5

16.2

19.0

9.5

6.5

5.0

4.4

14.0

10.7

6.7

4.3

3.75

3.35

3.1

3.0

2.85

2.8

2.65

2.55

2.7

7.5

7.2

5.5

5.1

7.4

10.9

7.75

10.05

6.6

5.3

5.0

5.0

5.3

5.0

4.8

4.4

4.5

11.0

6.75

Apr.

2.45

2.4

2.3

2.25

2.25

2.2

2.25

2.4

2.4

2.75

2.8

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.0

3.7

3.7

3.45

3 3

3.3

3.25

3.2

3.2

4.4

3.85

3.7

3.55

3.4

3.2

4.75

4.75

4.05

3.65

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.9

5.4

4.55

7.25

4.95

4.2

3.75

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.3

4.3

4.0

May.

3.1

3.0

2.95

3.2

2.9

2.85

3.15

8.25

5.25

4.4

4.0

3.4

3.05

2.85

2.85

2.75

2.65

2.85

4.4

3.65

3.55

3.45

3.35

3.05

3.15

3.25

3.2

3.1

2.9

2.9

2.6

2.5

2.5

3.55

7.85

6.7

10.25

8.1

6.15

5.25

4.45

3.85

3.5

3.35

3.9

3.6

3.4

3.25

4.3

5.3

June.

3.2

5.55

4.5

3.5

4.5

4.8

4.2

4.05

3.6

3.2

5.15

3.85

4.05

5.3

4.05

3.6

3.4

3.1

2.85

2.75

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.6

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.95

2.75

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.5

2.35

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.9

2.05

2.0

1.95

1 9

1.9

1.85

July.

2.2

2.7

2.55

2.35

2.1

2.05

2.0

1.95

1.9

1.9

2.8

5.35

3.85

3.05

2.7

2.5

5.2

6.1

4.6

3.8

3.2

3.2

4.6

4.0

3.' 8

6.6

5.35

4.2

3.7

3.35

2.95

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.7

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.8

1.95

1.85

Aug.

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.5

3.4

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.75

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.2

4.0

3.55

3.1

2.55

2.2

2.1

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.55

2.05

1.9

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

2.35

2.0

1.75

Sept.

2.05

2.0

2.65

2.6

2.5

2.2

2.05

2.05

2.0

2.45

2.5

2.3

2.1

2.0

1.9

1 9

2.05

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.4

2.15

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.85

2.1

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.25

Oct.

2.05

1.95

1.9

2.1

2.1

2.55

2.4

3.0

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.45

2.3

2.25

2.4

2.4

2.25

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.95

1.9

1.85

1.9

2.0

3.3

2.75

2.35

2.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

Nov.

2.3

2.35

6.0

4.7

4.3

4.1

5.25

5.1

4.25

3.8

3.6

2.15

2.95

2.75

2.55

2.5

2.6

3.1

2.8

2.65

2.85

2.8

2.8

2.9

3.0

3.15

3.25

3.75

3.15

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.35

1.35

1.4

Dec.

3.2

3.0

3.1

3.9

3.0

2.5

2

7C

3.0

3.2

5.95

5.85

5.6

5.4

5.0

4.6

4.3

4.0

3.85

2.5

2.4

2.35

2.5

6.05

7.25

5.75

4.7

3.85

5.0

5.2

4.2

4.1

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

2.2

2.8

2.3

a No information available regarding ice conditions 1907. It is quite probable that there was some 

effect from ice during February, 1907. 

6 See note at end of table, next page.
MONONGAHELA ElVEE DRAINAGE BASIN. 59

Daily gage height, in feet, of Youghiogheny River at Confluence, Pa., for 1907 and

1908 Continued.

Day.

1908.0 

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2 7

3.1

3.2

3.05

3.0

3.25

3.95

3.75

3.1

2.85

3.7

Feb.

3.2

3.15

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.65

Mar.

4.9

4.15

3.8

3.75

3.25

3.0

2.85

2.8

3.65

3.8

4.55

Apr.

3.35

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.45

2.45

2.4

May.

5.6

6.6

4.4

4.4

3.9

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.6

4.2

3.3

June.

1.85

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.85

1.8

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.6

July.

1.7

1.6

1.5

2.45

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.85

1.75

1.7

Aug.

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.55

1.5

Sept.

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

Oct.

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

Nov.

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.3

Dec.

2.0

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.75

a No information available regarding ice conditions, 1908; discharge probably not affected at any time 

during this year.

Rating table for Youghiogheny River at Confluence, Pa., for 1907 and 1908.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

23

33

47

67

93

127

168

217

271

334

399

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

465

533

603

674

746

820

896

974

1,055

1,139

1,226

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,316

1,407

1,501

1,598

1,698

1,801

1,907

2,015

2,125

2,237

2,351

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.20

.5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,467

2,585

2,705

2,827

2,951

3,077

3,337

3,604

3,880

4,166

4,460

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for ice or obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on discharge measurements made during 1904 to 1909 and is fairly well denned below gage height 10 feet. Above 

gage height 6 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 150 per tenth.

Monthly discharge of Youghiogheny River at Confluence, Pa., for 1907 and 1908. 

[Drainage area, 435 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

March. ....................................

June ......................................

July.......................................

1908.

March.....................................

May.......................................

July.......................................

October. ..................................

November ............ ...

December. ................................

The year.. .............. . .

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

14,400 

4,980 

24,000 

3,470 

7,840 

3,810 

5,360 

1,910 

710 

1,230 

5,580 

6,340

24,000

5,140 

18,000 

12,000 

6,340 

10,800 

935 

568 

499 

67 

33 

47 

820

18.000

Minimum.

746 

674 

638 

399 

710 

399 

217 

217 

192 

192 

366 

499

192

568 

638 

746 

533 

603 

93 

67 

47 

23 

28 

33 

28

23

Mean.

4,200 

1,240 

4,090 

1,120 

1,460 

1,470 

1,540 

685 

379 

467 

1,530 

2,240

1,700

1,440 

2,050 

3,910 

1,730 

2,760 

333 

158 

116 

40.7 

30.3 

37.2 

150

1,000

Per 

square 

mile.

9.66 

2.85 

9.40 

2.57 

3.36 

3.38 

3.54 

1.57 

.871 

1.07 

3.52 

5.15

a 91

3.31 

4.71 

8.99 

3.98 

6.34 

.766 

.363 

.267 

.094 

.070 

.086 

.345

2.44

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

11.14 

2.97 

10.84 

2.87 

3.87 

3.77 

4.08 

1.81 

.97 

1.23 

3.93 

5.94

53.42

3.82 

5.08 

10.36 

4.44 

7.31 

.85 

.42 

.31 

.10 

.08 

.10 

.40

33.27

Accuracy.

B. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

NOTE. Open channel rating applied throughout 1907-8.
60 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

CASSELMAN RIVER AT CONFLUENCE, PA.

This station was established by the United States Geological Survey September 15, 1904, at a highway bridge about 500 yards from 

the railroad station. It is now maintained by the Water Supply 

Commission of Pennsylvania, by which the records of gage heights 

and discharge measurements are furnished to obtain data for the 

determination of methods of flood prevention, and for storage, navigation, and power problems.

No important tributary enters near the station. It is located, 

however, only a few hundred yards above the junction of Casselman 

and Youghiogheny rivers, and as a result backwater usually occurs 

at high stages. The measurements indicate that as a rule backwater does not occur below gage height 4 feet, and below this stage 

a good rating curve has been developed under permanent channel 

conditions. Above 4 feet a double reversed rating curve has been used 

which shows about 1 to 2 feet backwater. From daily comparisons 

of discharge of the 3 streams at Confluence, this seems to be a fair 

average of backwater conditions which, of course, vary with each 

flood/1

The discharge is more or less affected by ice during the winter 

periods. The datum of the gage has remained the same since the 

installation of the station. The bridge was moved a little by the 

flood of March 14, 1907, but gage heights were not materially affected 

thereby nor by the repairs to the bridge later.

Discharge measurements of Casselman River at Confluence, Pa., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907.

1908.

Do.........

September 25 & .

Ilydrographer.

A. H . Horton. . .....................................

H. D. Padgett ......................................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

R. H. Bolster. ......................................

F. E. Langenheim. . ................................

Width.

Feet.

217

194

248

228

219

69

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

409

172

1,560

1,010

148

68

Oage 

height.

Feet. 

3.00

10.20

7.73

5.52

1.67

1.35

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

8,900

5,560

3,320

85

13.2

a See also Youghiogheny River and Laurel Hill Creek at Confluence, Pa. 

6 Wading measurement.
MONONGAHELA EIVEE DKAINAGE BASIN. 61

Daily gage height, in feet, of Casselman River at Confluence, Pa., for 1907 and 1908.

[Observer, L. L. Mountain.]

Day.

1907. 

1...............

2

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12.... . .....

13...............

14... . . ..

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

L). ..............

20. ..............

21... ...... 

22...... ........

23...............

24...............

25...............

20...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. .............. 

31...............

1908. 

1... . .. ......

3...............

4...............

6...............

8..... ........

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

10

14. ..............

15...............

16...... . ......

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21... . .......

22...............

23...............

24...... ........

25. ..............

26.... . ........

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.8

4.3

3.8

3.5

3.3

3.05

3.05

3.5

6.0

4.2

3.5

11.2

7.5

11.25

8.15

5.85

6.4

12.2

9.0

5.5

4.2

3.5

3.1

3.3

3.1

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.7 

2.6

3.4

q n

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.65

2.45

2.25

2.5

2.45

2.4

7.1

5.8

4.8

4.5

3.3

2.9

2.6

2.45

2.65

3.2

3.25

2.85

2.65

3.0

3.15-

3.2

2.7

2.45

2.5

Feb.

2.5

2.7

5.3

3.7

3.25

3.1

2.95

2.85

2.75

2 7

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.75

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.8

3.3

2.95 

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.55

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.45

2.35

2.35

2.45

2.45

2.55

3.1

4.9

16.1

7.95

4.8

3.8

3.15

2.95

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.55

Mar.

2.5

3.5

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2 7

2.6

2.8

3.0

16.3

18.1

8.3

6.1

4.5

3.9

14.2

10.4

6.1 

5.1

4.0

3.3

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.1

2.9 

2.75

2.65

6.8

6.3

4.65

4.6

7 25

10.6

7.05

9.35

5.7

4.6

4.75

5.4

5.0

5.0

4.25

4.6

11.3

6.35

4.5

3 75

3.5

3.5

3.15

2.95

2.85

2.8

3.5

3.25

3.9

Apr.

2.65

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.45

2.55

2.5

2.45

2.85

2.9

3.1

3.0

2.95

2.9

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.05 

3.2

3.2

3.6

3.25

3.25

3.2

3.15

3.1

4.3

3.5

3.2

3.05

3.1

3.0

3 9

4.8

3 9

7.55

4.7

3 Q

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.1

4.15

3.3

3.1

3.0

2.95

2.9

2.85

2.8

2.65

2.55

2.55

2.5

May.

3.1

2.9

3.0

3.3

3.1

2.95

3.2

3.25

8.55

5.1

4.15

3.8

3.35

3.15

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.85

4.4

3.65 

3.5

3.3

3.05

3.3

3.3

3.25

3.15

3. 05 

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.55

2.85

6.95

10.3

7.2

5.2

4.2

3.6

3.25

3.0

3.7

3.1

3.0

3.3

4.7

5.3

5.8

3.5

3.55

3.25

3.05

2.9

2.8

3.0

4.0

3.1

June.

3.1

A K.Z,

3.65

4.85

3.65

3

0

6.25

4.45

5.15

3.45

3.05

2.95

2.85 

2.75

3.2

2.75

2.55

2.45

2.3

2.4

2.45

2.65

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.15

2.1

2.05

2.0

1.95

1.95

1.9

2. 1

2.05

2.0

1.95

1.9

2.3

2.25

2.15

2.1

2.3

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.75

July.

2.4

2.85

2.25

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.25

2.15

2.2

2.55

4.95

3.25

2.7

2.5

2.4

3.8

2 9

2.5

2.3 

2.2

2.15

2.2

4.1

3.5

2.55

2.4

2.3

2.15

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.75

1.85

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.95

1.85

2.95

2.9

2.65

2.45

2.3

2.1

1.95

1.8

Aug.

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.45

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.15

2.1

2.0

1 9

1.8

1 9

1 9

1 9

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.85

2.8

2.35

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.85 

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.50

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.65

2.0

1.75

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.6

1.55

1.5

Sept.

1.8

1.75

1 9

2.2

2.2

2.0

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

3.0

2.8

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.15

2.1 

1.9

1.9

2.0

1.95

1.85

1.8

1.75

1.9

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.5

Oct.

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.85

1.9

2.0

1.95

1.9

2.25

2.1

2.05

2.0

2.35

2.0

2.1

2.0

1.95

1.9

1.85 

1.85

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.75

1.9

2.5

2.25

2.1 

2.0

1.5

1 C

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45.

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

Nov.

1 Q*.

1 9

4 95

3.6

6.0

A 1 c

3.65

3.1

2.9

2.75

2.6

2.55

2.3

2.95

2.7

2.55 

2.75

2.75

9 7

2.65

2.7

2.95

3.1

3.35

2.95

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.45

1.45

1.5

1.55

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.4

Dec.

2 9

2.85

9 8

2.35

9 d.^

2.6

6.1

5.55

4.1

3.95

3

7C

2.4

2.5 

2.7

5.95

4.3

3.7

3.4

4.6

4.7

3.8 

3.6

1.4

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.7

1.75

1.9

2.85

2.55

2.15

1.95

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.75

1.75

1.7

1.95

NOTE. No information is available regarding ice conditions 1907 and 1908; it is probable, however, that 

there was little or no eflect due to ice
62 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Rating table for Casselman River at Confluence, Pa., for 1907 and 1908.

Feet. 

1.30 

1.40 

1.50 

1.60 

1.70 

1.80 

1.90 

2.00 

2.10 

2.20 

2.30 

2.40 

2.50 

2.60

Discharge.

Gage 

height.

Sec.-ft. 

9 

19 

36 

61 

95 

141 

196 

260 

331 

408 

491 

579 

671 

767

Feet. 

2.70 

2.80 

2.90 

3.00 

3.10 

3.20 

3.30 

3.40 

3.50 

3.60 

3.70 

3.80 

3.90 

4.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

866 

967 

1,070 

1,175 

1,281 

1,388 

1,497 

1,608 

1,720 

1,835 

1,945 

2,050 

2,145 

2,235

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.10 

4.20 

4.30 

4.40 

4.50 

4.60 

4.70 

4.80 

4.90 

5.00 

5.20 

5.40 

5.60 

5.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,315 

2,390 

2,465 

2,535 

2,600 

2,660 

2,720 

2,785 

2,850 

2,920 

3,065 

3,220 

3,380 

3,545

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.00 

6.20 

6.40 

6.60. 

6.80 

7.00 

7.20 

7.40 

7.60 

7.80 

8.00 

9.00 

10.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,720 

3,910 

4,110 

4,310 

4,510 

4,720 

4,950 

5,180 

5,410 

5,640 

5,880 

7,200 

8.600

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for ice or obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on discharge measurements made during 1904 to 1909, and is well denned below gage height 4 feet. There is a 

double reversal in the rating curve between gage heights 4 and 10 feet on account of backwater effect. See 

description. Above gage height 10 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 150 per tenth.

Monthly discharge of Casselman River at Confluence, Pa., for 1907 and 1908. 

[Drainage area, 450 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum. Mean.

Per 

square 

mile.

Run-off

(depth in

inches on

drainage

area).

Accuracy.

1907.

January.................................. 11,900

February................................. 3,140

March.................................... 20,800

April............ ... ...... .......... 2,660

May...................................... 6,580

June..... .. ......... 4,260

July...................................... 2,880

August................................... 967

September...... .................. 1,180

October................................... 671

November................................ 3,720

December................................. 3,910

The year............................ 20,800

1908.

January....... . . ... . ......... 4,840

February................................. 17,800

March.................................... 10,600

April..................................... 5,350

May...................................... 9,050

June...................................... 1,020

July...................................... 1,120

August................................... 260

September................................ 36

October................................... 36

November................................ 61

December................................ 1,020

The year............................ 17,800

767

671

671

625

866

491

370

118

118

95

196

535

3,280

1,020

3,560

1,180

1,630

1,780

844

311

308

254

1,200

1,880

1,440

450

535

816

671

719

118

78

28

9

19

14

19

1,280

1,800

3,230

1,640

2,130

356

245

64.7

16.3

24.9

28.7

160

7.29

2.27

7.91

2.62

3.62

3.96

1.88

.691

.684

.564

2.67

4.18

3.19

2.84

4.00

7.18

3.64

4.73

.791

.544

.144

.036

.055

.064

.356

8.40

2.36

9.12

2.92

4.17

4.42

2.17

.80

.76

.65

2.98

4.82

43.57

3.27

4.31

8.28

4.06

5.45

.88

.63

.17

.04

.06

.07

.41

915 2.03 27.63
MONONGAHELA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 63

LAUREL HILL CREEK AT CONFLUENCE, PA.

This station was established by the United States Geological Survey 

September 15, 1904, at a highway bridge about one-quarter mile from 

the railroad station. It is now maintained by the Water Supply Commission of Pennsylvania, by whom the records of gage heights and 

discharge measurements are furnished. It was established to obtain 

data for use in the determination of methods of flood and water pollution prevention and for storage and power problems.

No important tributary enters near the station. It is located, however, only a few hundred yards above its junction with Youghiogheny 

Kiver, and as a result backwater almost invariably occurs at high 

stages. The measurements indicate that as a rule backwater does not 

occur below gage height 3.0 feet. At low stages, however, conditions 

of flow are changeable owing to the fact that refuse dumped into the 

creek from a tannery a few feet above the station settles under one 

end of the bridge. As a result, the records of flow at this station are 

not so good as those at the other two Confluence stations. For high 

stages a reversed curve followed by a tangent has been used, the 

backwater effect increasing with the stage. This curve seems to give 

fair average results for flood stages and the daily discharges compare 

favorably with Casselman and Youghiogheny rivers. Backwater 

conditions vary with each flood. a

The discharge is affected by ice during the winter periods. The 

datum of the gage has remained constant during the period of maintenance of the station.

Discharge measurements of Laurel Hill Creek at Confluence, Pa., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907.

1908.

Ilydrographer.

A. II. Horton. ......................................

.....do-..-------.......--.-.........-.......-.---...

Width.

Feet.

92

85

114

10270

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

175

120

595

275

01

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.52

2.07

6.73

3.74

1.61

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

260

72

960

oSee Casselman River and Youghiogheny River at Confluence, Pa.
64 SUKPACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Laurel Hill Creek at Confluence, Pa., for 1907 and 1908.

[Observer, I>. L. Mountain.]

Day.

1907. 

j

9

3

4. ..............

5...............

7. ..............

8.... ...........

9

10...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

21...............

22............... 90

24...............

25...............

26...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

1908. 

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4- ..............

Q

10...............

11...............

13... ............

14............... 

15...............

Ifi...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

29...............

31

Jan.

4.8

3.55

3.2

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.8

3.9

3.2

3.0

9 0

4.0

8.8

3.95

4.9

9 6

3.3

2.8

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.4

2. 85

2.75

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.35

3. 45

3.15 

2.8

2.65

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.5

2.95

2.9

2.6

2.55

2.55

3.15

2.6

9 ^

Feb.

2.35

2.55

3.35

2.5

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.25

2.3

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.25

2.35 

2.5

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.6

2.95

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5 -

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.65

2.55

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.45

2.5

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.7

3.3

3.8 

12.2

5.5

3.7

3.45

3.1

2 Q

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.35

Mar.

2.7

3.2

3.0

2.75

2.5

2.35

2.25

2.2

2.3

2.35

2.65

2.7

14. 4

17.0 

6.7

5.2

4.25

3.85

12.35

7.7

4.25

3.45

3.2

2.95

2.7

2.65

2.65

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.55

5.1

4.35

3.6

3.5

5.1

8.15

3.85

5.5

I" 3.85

3.4

3.6

3.85

4.4 

4.35

4.05

3.55

6. 15

9.05

3.5

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.85

2.85

2.75

2.75

3.9

3.3

Apr.

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.25

2.4

2.6

2.7

2.9

2.7

2.7 

2.6

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.85

2.8

2.75

3.9

3.4

3.05

2. 95

2.9

2.8

2.75

3.25

3.45

3.2

3.0

2.85

2.85

2.75

4.15

3.35

5.5

3.2

2.9 

2.95

2.9

2.85

2.8

3.5

3

1

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.45

May.

2.7

2.6

2.65

2.8

2.5

2.5

2.85

2.9

5.0

3.4

3 1

2.85

2.75

2.65 

2. 45

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.65

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.7

3.45

3.3

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.65

2.95

4.1

3.7

7.65

4.75

4.6

3.2

2.6

2.6

2.65

2.55 

2.8

2.6

2.65

2.8

3.3

3.35

3.7

3.0

2.75

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.8

June.

3.25

4.0

3.25

2.6

3.0

2.5

2.5

2.7

2.55

2.35

4.4

O Q

3.8

4.8 

3.85

3.1

2.8

2.65

2.45

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.1

2.15

2.2

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.9 

2.15

2.1

2.05

2.0

1.95

1 9

2.1

2.05

2.0

2.4

2.3

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.85

July.

2.2

2.5

2.25

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.0

1.95

2.6

3.0

2.6 

2.4

2.35

4.2

3.4

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

3.2

2.8

2.45

2.3

2.25

2.2

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75 

1 9

1.85

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.75

2.4

2.1

3.1

3.05

2.8

2.6

2.4

' 2.2

2.0

Aug.

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.05

2.0

2.55

2.25

2.35

2.3

2.25

2.35

2.2

2.1

2.05

2.05

2.0

1.95

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.85

3.6

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.55 

1.55

1.55

1.55

2.0

2.0

1 9

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.55

1.5

Sept.

2.0

2.0

2.3

2.4

2.25

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.55

2.25

2.2 

2.15

2.1

2.05

2.1

2.2

2.15

2.05

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

9 O

1.9

1.8

1.75

2.1

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35 

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.5

1.5

1.6

'

Oct.

1.95

1 9

2,05

2.0

2.15

2.05

2.0

2.6

2.35

2.2

2.1

2.2

2.25

9 1 ^

2.1

2 AC

2.1

2.05

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.9

1.9

1 95

2.45

2.2

2.25

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1 55

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4 

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

Nov.

2.05

4.25

4.3

3.5

4.0

3.1

3.0

9 R

2.55

2.5

2.35

2.4

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.5

2.45

2.45

2.5

2.5

2.55

2.75

2.65

2.55

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5 

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.55

1.55

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.5

Dec.

2.45

2.3

2.2

2.05

2.5

4.75

4.7

4.15

3.95

2.95

2.7

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.25

2.4

4.85

4.75

3.8

3.1

2.95

3.35

3.45

3.25

3.0

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.65

1.55

1.6

1.65

1.75

1.75

1.85 

1.85

1.9

2 1

3.1

2.7

2.2

2.05

2.0

1.95

1.95

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

1.95

1.85

1.95

NOTE. No information available regarding ice conditions 1907 and 1908. It is probable that there was 

no great effect from ice.
MONONGAHELA HIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 65

Rating tables for Laurel Hill Creek at Confluence, Pa.

FOR 1907.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

10

19

33

53

80

115

155

200

245

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

295

350

410

475

540

610

680

740

790

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

840 ,

885 '

930

975

1,020

1,060

1,100

1.136

1,171

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,206

4.50 | 1,240

4.60

4.70

1,274

1,308

4.80 i 1,342

4.90 ! 1,376

5.00 , 1,410

5.20 1,476

5.40 1,540

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for ice or obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on two 

discharge measurements made during 1907 and the 1904 to 1906 rating. It is fairly well defined between 

gage heights 2.0 feet and 3.0 feet. The rating curve is a tangent above gage height 5.4 feet, the difference 

being 30 per tenth. There is a reversal in the rating curve between gage heights 3.0 and 5.4 feet due to 

backwater. See description.

FOR 1908.

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

4

7

11

16

23

35

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

52

76

106

142

185

233

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

284

338

395

456

522

581

3.10 636

3. 20 690

3.30 742

3.40 790

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for ice or obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on one 

discharge measurement made during 1908 and the form of the 1906 and 1907curves. It is fairly well defined 

between gage heights 1.6 feet and 3.0 feet. Above gage height 3.4 feet it is the same as the 1907 table.

Monthly discharge of Laurel Hill Creek at Confluence, Pa., for 1907 and 1908. 

[Drainage area, 118 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

April.....................................

May...................................*...

July......................................

1908.

May......................................

July......................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,800 

765 

5,020 

1,020 

1,410 

1,340 

1,140 

885 

295 

442 

1,440 

1,360

5,020

1,240 

3,580 

2,640 

1,570 

2,220 

284 

636 

76 

16 

16 

16 

636

3,580

Minimum.

200 

115 

115 

115 

222 

80 

43 

26 

14 

33 

66 

66

14

209 

209 

311 

233 

233 

44 

23 

14 

4 

7 

9 

11

4

Mean.

919 

251 

953 

380 

445 

443 

317 

152 

99.3 

99.3 

421 

572

421

395 

541 

1,030 

596 

606 

113 

116 

26.2 

6.57 

9.55 

11.7 

75.1

294

Per' 

square 

mile.

7.79 

2. 13 

8.08 

3.22 

3.77 

3.75 

2.69 

1.29 

.842 

.842 

3.57 

4.85

3.57

3.35

4.58 

8.73 

5.05 

5.14 

.958 

.983 

.222 

.056 

.081 

.099 

.636

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

8.98 

2.22 

9.32 

3.59 

4.35 

4.18 

3.10 

1.49 

.94 

.97 

3.98 

5.59

48.71

3.86 

4.94 

10.06 

5.63 

5.93 

1.07 

1.13 

.26 

.06 

.09 

.11 

.73

2. 49 : 33. 87

Accuracy.

C.

C.

r.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B. -oB!

B . 

D. 

D. 

D. 

B.

21144 IRR 243 10-
66 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1907-8.

MUSKINGUM RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

The drainage basin of Muskingum River lies in the eastern part of 

the State of Ohio. The Muskingum is formed by the junction of 

Mohican and Tuscarawas rivers at Coshocton, near the central part 

of Coshocton County. It flows in a slightly southwesterly direction 

to Zanesville, thence it flows in a southeasterly direction and joins 

Ohio River at Marietta, Ohio. In the southeastern part of Morgan 

County the river forms a large bend and flows due north for several 

miles. Mohican River rises in the northwestern part of Richland 

County and flows in a general southeastward direction until it joins 

the main river. Tuscarawas River rises in the western part of Summit County, flows in a general southerly direction to the northeastern 

part of Tuscarawas County, thence it flows southwest ward to its 

junction with the Mohican. The important tributaries of the Mohican are Walhonding and Killbuck creeks; of the Tuscarawas, Chippewa and Sugar creeks on the west bank, and Sandy and Big Stillwater creeks on the east bank. There are onry two tributaries of any 

importance tributary to the Muskingum, Licking River from the west 

near Zanesville, and Wills Creek from the east near the southern line 

of Coshocton County. The length of the river below the junction of 

the Mohican and Tuscarawas is about 100 miles (map measurement). 

The total drainage area is about 8,000 square miles.

The drainage basin is regular in shape, being about 100 miles wide 

and 125 miles'long. Only the headwaters of Licking, Mohican, and 

Tuscarawas rivers lie within the glaciated area, the remainder of the 

basin being unglaciated. In the central and southern part of the 

basin the soil has resulted from the disintegration of native rocks, 

and the country is poorly watered; its surface is extremely rough 

and irregular, cut in every direction by valleys, between which rise 

high hills. To the north the surface becomes less broken, though 

still undulating; the soil has been derived from drift materials and 

is sandy and gravelly. At the headwaters of Mohican and Tuscarawas rivers it is naturally marshy. This characteristic has been much 

modified by cultivation and drainage, but swamp areas still exist, 

and springs are common in the glaciated region. The elevation of 

the sources of the Mohican and Tuscarawas rivers is about 1,100 feet; 

the elevation at Coshocton is about 730 feet; at Zanesville about 688 

feet; at the mouth of the river at Marietta the elevation is 570 feet.

There are no large forested areas in this drainage basin. This 

region has been long settled and the timber left standing is in groves 

or wood lots, generally of small size.

The mean annual rainfall is about 40 inches, being less at the 

headwaters and greater at the mouth of the river. The winter conditions in the northern part are comparatively severe. Ice forms
MUSKINGUM .RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 67

on the streams about 1 foot in thickness. In the lower part of the 

basin the conditions are milder, but ice generally forms on the river.

The basin affords opportunities for storage reservoirs at the headwaters of the tributaries, and reservoirs constructed in 1830 to store 

water for feeding the Ohio Canal are in existence at the present time. 

The cost of overflowed land would undoubtedly now prohibit the 

construction of reservoirs.

The basin offers favorable opportunities for the development of 

water power, both on the main stream and £ributaries.

The Muskingum is navigable from Zanesville down. In this 

stretch of the river there are 10 locks and dams with a total fall of 

118 feet; and the surplus water is available for water power, but 

only at one or two places is all the power at these darns utilized.

The Ohio Canal, which runs from Cleveland to Portsmouth, Ohio, 

crosses this drainage basin. At the headwaters of Tuscarawas and 

Licking rivers are the reservoirs for feeding the canal both ways 

from the summits, thus some water is diverted from the Muskingum 

basin. The surplus water from the canal between the two summits 

is discharged into Muskingum River near Dresden. About the only 

use made of the canal at the present time is to furnish water for the 

power plants situated along its banks.

The following gaging stations have been maintained in this drainage basin:

Muskingum River at Zanesville, Ohio, 1905-1908.a 

Licking River at Pleasant Valley, Ohio, 1902-1906. 

Jonathan Creek at Powells, Ohio, 1902-3.

MUSKINGUM EIVER AT ZANESVILLE, OHIO.

This station is located at the Sixth Street Bridge at Zanesville, 

about 1,000 feet above Lock No. 10. The gage, which belongs to 

the United 'States Engineer Corps, is located at the lock. The 

United States Weather Bureau furnishes the daily gage heights. The 

gage was established June 4, 1887. On March 11, 1905, discharge 

measurements were begun at this station to obtain data for the study 

of water-power, water-supply, pollution, and navigation problems.

Licking Iliver enters from the west about one-half mile above the station. The drainage area above the section is about 5,830 square miles.

The winter conditions are comparatively severe, and ice generally 

causes some trouble. Several power plants located above the station may modify the flow in low water to some extent.

The datum of the gage has remained unchanged.

The station has not been visited since June, 1906, and nothing is 

known about the present conditions.

a In House Document No. 278,1st sess., 54th Cong., 1896, pp. 41-43, Lieut. Col. 11. M. Chittenden, U. S. 

Engineer Corps, gives the discharge of the Muskingum at Zanesville from December 1,1887, to November 

30,1895.
68 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Muskingum River at Zanesville, Ohio, for 1907 and 1908.

Day.

1907.a

1.... ..........

2...............

3...............

5...............

6...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11..............

12....... .

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17........... .

18........... ...

19...............

20. ..............

21........

22. ......... 

23..............

24...............

25............

26. ............. 

27...........

28...............

29...........

30............... 

31...............

1908. 6 

1... ............

2..........

3............

4.............

5. .........

6...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11..........

12...

13........... ... 

14.......

15.............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21.............

22...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

15.4

14.85

14.0

20.55

21.1

19.55

18.0

17.7

16.1

16.0

16.15

16.8

18.1

18.7

21. 55

24.95

23.8 

21.5

170

12.2

10.85

10. 55 

10.15

10.25

10.1

9

7C

9 25

8

0

8.8

9.1

10.6

n

or:

10 9

10.55

9.85

Q 7^

9.3

9.2

9 0

9 0

9 0

8.8

8.75

9.7

9.95

9.65

Feb.

10.5

11.3

12.2

12.45

12.25

11.75 

11.05

10.25

9.85

9.6

9.45

9.35

9.45

9.7

10.15

10.25

10.3

10.85

11.75

12.35

11.6 

10.45

9 85

9.75

9.6 

9.45

9.5

9.15

8.8

8.75

13.75

11.95

11.8

11.6

11.0

11.3

14.15

21.55

24.2

23.95

22.2

20.05

16.45

11 9

11 25

10.7

10.35

12.3

12.5

Mar.

9.3

12.25

11.30

10.7 

10.2

9.95

9.75

9 7

10.3

20.7

29.45

28.2

27.55

22.0

23.7

22.45

21.0 

19 25

16.4

12.05

12.95

13.75 

12.9

13.1

OO 1

26.0 

24.85

22.4

20.15

19.65

i Q e

17.45

16.1

14.75 

13.65

100

12.9

13.7

22.4

OA O

19 4

17.05

14.4

11.3

12.8

13.15

Apr.

11.2

10.6

10.2

10.3

10.2

10.7

11.1

10.6

10.1

9.9

9.9

9 8

9.8

9 7

Q T

9.3

9.1

15.8

16.8

14.45

12.95

11.5

1A Q

12.4

17.1

16.75

13. 75 

12.3

11.85

11 9

11.65

11.95

11 9

9.9

9 9

9 8

9 65

9 45

9 45

May.

10.4

10.5 

10.4

11.0

n

o

10.6

9 7

9 4

9.2

9.3

9.1

9.2

9.3

9.2

9.1

9.1 

Q n

10.1

11.0

15.1

1 7 ^T

17.25

15.05 

12.9

9.95

10.95

12.2

100

18.2

18.4

17.1

15.65

11.95 

10.85

10.4

10.1

10.75

11.35

11.65

n

qe

11.2

10.6

9.75

9 45

9 05

11.9

June.

12.15

13.6

13.65

13.1

13.75 

13.55

12.85

12.0

10 9

10.1

11.1

12.05

11.6

10.6

9 8

9.4

9 1

8.9

8.9 

8 9

8.8

8.6

8.6

8.7 

10.75

10.15

9 95

9.6

9

0C

8.95

8.7

8.55

8.4

8.4

8.4

8.3

8.3 

8.25

8.3

8.4

8.3

8.2

8.1

8.15

8.1

8.8

9 85

8.9

8.35

8.2

8.15

8

1

July.

9 1

9.0

9.1

9

0

8.7

8.5 

8.3

8.3

8.3

8.4

8.6

9.5

9 6

9 8

9.4

8.9

9.6

11.5

11.5

13.2

11.95 

10.7

10.0

Q Q

13.4 

17.7

12.55 

11.5

0 0

8.1

8.15

0 A

8.0

8.2

8

0

8.1

8 1 ^

8.2

8.2 

8.25

8

O

8.5

8

O

8.6

8.4

8.6

8

O

8.55

8 OX

8.4

8.4

8.15

Aug.

10.1

9 4

9 1

0 Q

8.5

8

r:

8.2

8.2

8.1

8.0

7.9

8 A

7.9

7 Q

7 9

7.9 

7 9

7 9

8.1

8.1

8 A

7.9 

7.8

0 A

7 9

7.9

8 7

8.9

8 Q

8 A

8.3

8.1

8.0

8 A

7 9

8.05

8.0

8.0

7 9

7.8

7.8

7.8

7.8

7.8

Sept.

7 S

7-8

7.8

7 8

8.0

8.0

8 A

7.8

7.8

7.7

7 Q

8 A

8.1

7 Q

7.8

9 3

9 7

9 9

9.1

8.7

8 A

8

0

7.8

7.7

7.6

8.4

".8

".8

" S

7 S

7.8

7 S

7.8

7.7

7-7

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.7

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.6

Oct.

8 7

8.5

8.2

8

K

8.5

8.8 

8.7

8.4

8.3

8.2

8

1

7.9

7 9

7.9

7.8

7.8

7.7

7.7

7.7

8.0

8

1

8.3

8.8

7.6

7.5

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.6

7.6

7.7

7.7

Nov.

8

t\

9.4

10.45

10.35 

9.5

9.15

8 9

8.75

8.55

8.4

8.3

8.25

8.2

8.1

8.0

8.15

8.25 

8.2

8

0

8.2

8.1

8.1

7. 7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

Dec.

8 A

8

0.

8 A

8.0 

8.0

8.0

8.0

8 A

8.0

8 A

9.1

9.35

9.7

9.6

9.2

8.7

8.5

14.3

14.4

12.1

10.85 

11.6

7.7

7.7 

7.7

7.7

7.75

7.8

7.8

7.8

7.8

7.8

7.8

7.8

8.0

8.0

8 A

8.0

8.0

8 A

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

« No information is available regarding ice conditions at this station during 1907. It is believed, however, that there was considerable backwater from this source from the latter part of January to the first 

part of March.

6 No information is available regarding ice conditions at this station during 1908. It is believed, however, that there was considerable backwater from this source from the latter part of January to the 

middle of February.
SURFACE WATER, SUPPLY, 1907-8. 69 

KANAWHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

The lower part of this river, below the mouth of the Gauley, is 

called the Kanawha; above this point it is called the New. The 

drainage basin of the Kanawha comprises about one-third of the State 

of West Virginia, part of western Virginia, and the counties of Alleghany, Ashe, and part of Watauga County in the extreme northwestern part of North Carolina. New River is formed by the union of 

the North Fork and South Fork a few miles south of the northern 

boundary of North Carolina. Considering the South Fork as the 

main stream, as it is the larger, the river rises in the central part of 

Watauga County near Boone, N. C., whence it flows northeastward 

across the state line into Virginia. At Radford, Va., the river turns 

abruptly and flows northwestward across West Virginia, and empties 

into Ohio River at Point Pleasant, W. Va. The total length of the 

river is 427 miles. The lower 90 miles have been made navigable by 

means of locks and dams. The total drainage area comprises 12,197 

square miles. Beginning at the headwaters and following down the 

right or eastern bank the important tributaries are Big Reed Island 

Creek and Little River in Virginia; Greenbrier River, Gauley River, 

Elk River, and Pocotaligo River in West Virginia; those on the left 

or western bank are Cripple Creek, Reed Creek, Walker Creek, and 

Wolf Creek in Virginia; East River, Bluestone River, and Coal River, 

in West Virginia. The drainage area is irregular in outline. Its 

length, following the general course of the river, is about 240 miles; 

its width at the widest point is about 140 miles. The sources of the 

river lie in the Appalachian Mountains among the high ridges that 

separate this basin from the basins of Great Pedee and Santee rivers, 

which drain into the Atlantic Ocean; and from the basin of Tennessee River which drains into the Ohio. The basins of the tributaries in North Carolina and in the southern part of Virginia are more 

or less regular in outline and circular in shape. The main river 

crosses the Allegheny Front just below Pearisburg, Va., near the 

Virginia and West Virginia line. Along this section the basins of the 

tributaries are long and narrow. Below the state line to the mouth 

of the river the valley of the Kanawha proper is very narrow.

As all the tributaries except those in the lower part of the basin 

drain the steep slopes and precipitous sides of mountainous country, 

the beds of the streams are rough and rocky and there are many falls 

and rapids. Along the section traversed by the Chesapeake and Ohio 

Railroad, from the West Virginia line to Charleston, W. Va., and especially from Hinton to the mouth of Gauley River the scenery is exceptionally fine, for through this section the river is confined to a narrow 

canyon with mountains on both sides. (See PI. IV.)
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY. 1907-8.

The sources of the river are about 3,660 feet above sea level; at its 

mouth the elevation is 510 feet. The total fall is therefore about 

3,100 feet, or an average fall of over 7 feet to the mile. The following 

table gives some idea of the slope of the river:

Locality.

Virginia-West v irginia State line

Elevation.

Feet.

3, GOO

2,500

1,700

3,500

1,340

050

000

510

Distance.

Miles. 

0

80 

192 

240 

270 

331 

343 

427

Fall between

points.

Feet.

1,100

740

200

100

090

50

90

Distance

1 iet ween

points.

Miles.

80

100

54

24

61

12

84

Average

fall per

mile.

Feet.

12.8

7.0

4.8

6.7

11.3

4.2

1.1

Probably from 10 to 20 per cent of the drainage area is forested. 

Lumbering is being carried on extensively along many of the tributaries, especially at the headwaters of the Gauley and Greenbrier, 

where there are large areas of virgin timber. The mean annual rainfall at the sources of the river in North Carolina is about 55 inches; 

on that part of the drainage basin in Virginia the rainfall is from 45 

to 50 inches; in West Virginia the rainfall is 45 inches.

In general, the winters throughout the basin are mild. Ice does 

not form very thick, and the snowfall is light and does not last long. 

During the winter of 1908 and 1909 ice formed about 2 inches thick 

at a few of the stations in the basin and lasted only a few days,

The basin affords many opportunities for storage reservoirs, there 

being suitable foundation sites for large dams, and material for their 

construction is readily accessible. Reservoirs would be of use for 

flood control, as an aid to navigation, and for water-power development. At the present time, the basin affords abundant supplies of 

coal, oil, and gas, but as these supplies diminish and the cost of fuel 

increases, the numerous opportunities for power development afforded 

by the river and its tributaries will be very extensively utilized. The 

lower part of the river has been made navigable by means of ten locks 

and dams, the lift ranging from about 6 feet to 14 feet. The lock 

farthest upstream is located at Montgomery, W. Va., about 84 miles 

above the mouth; the lowest lock is near Point Pleasant, about one 

mile above the mouth of the river. The river is used principally for 

transporting the coal mined from the extensive coal fields along the 

river above Charleston.

At ordinary stages the tributaries are clear and there is excellent 

trout and bass fishing in some of the larger streams. The water of 

the main stream is rarely, if ever, clear, being of a reddish-brown 

color, said to be due to the red soil of Virginia, and also from the 

hydraulic mining of iron ore at present carried on in the State.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 243 PLATE IV

A. NEW RIVER FALLS, 2 MILES ABOVE SANDSTONE, SUMMERS COUNTY, W. VA., IN 1896.

B. KANAWHA FALLS, FAYETTE COUNTY, W. VA., IN 1895.
U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 243 PLATE IV

A. NEW RIVER FALLS, 2 MILES ABOVE SANDSTONE, SUMMERS COUNTY, W. VA., IN 1896.

E. KANAWHA FALLS, FAYETTF. COUNTY, W. VA., IN 1895.
KAXAWHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 71

The following gaging stations have been maintained in this drainage basin:

On the main stream:

North Fork New River at Weaversford, N. ., 1900-1901.

North Fork New River near Orumpler, N. C., 1908.

South Fork New River at New River, N. C., 1900-1901.

South Fork New River near Crumpler, N. C., 1908.

New River at Oldtown, Va., 1900-1903.

New River near Grayson, A a., 1908.

New River at Radford, Ya., 1898-1908.

New River at Hinton, W. Va., 1887-1908 (gage height record by U. S. 

Weather Bureau).

New River at Fayette, W. Va., 1895-1904, 1908. 

On the tributaries on the right or east bank:

Big Reed Island Creek near Allisonia, Va., 1908.

Little River near Copper Valley, Va., 1908.

Greenbrier River near Marlinton, W. Va., 1908.

Greenbrier River at Alderson, W. Va., 1895-1908.

Gauley River at Allingdale, W. Va., 1908.

Gauley River near Summersville, W. Va., 1908.

Gauley River at Belva, W. Va., 1908.

Cherry River at Richwood, W. Va., 1908.

Meadow River near Russellville, W. Va., 1908.

Elk River at Webster Springs, W. Va., 1908.

Elk River at Gassaway, W. Va., 1908.

Elk River at Clendennin, W. Va., 1908.

Pocotaligo River at Sissonville, W. Va., 1908. 

On the tributaries 011 the left or west bank:

Reed Creek at Grahams Forge, Va., 1908.

Walker Creek at Staffordsville, Va., 1908.

Wolf Creek near Narrows, Va., 1908.

Bhiestone River at Lilly, W. Va., 1908.

Coal River at Brushton, W. Va., 1908.

Coal River at Tornado, W. ATa., 1908.

SOUTH FORK OF NEW RIVER NEAR CRUMPLER, N. C.

This station, which was established August 12, 1908, to obtain data 

for use in studying water power, pollution, flood control, and storage 

problems, is located about 1^ miles above the confluence of the North 

and South forks of New River, about 4 miles from Crumpler, N. C.

The drainage area above the section is about 325 square miles.

The datum of the gage has remained unchanged; the records are 

reliable and accurate.

Sufficient data have not been obtained to enable estimates of the 

flow to be made.

The following discharge measurement was made August 12, 1908:

Width, 177 feet; area, 415 square feet; gage height, 1.48 feet; discharge, 458 secondfeet.
72 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of South Fork of New River near Grumpier, N. C.,for 1908.

[Observer, J. J. Garvey.]

Day.

2.............

3.............

4. ..........

0.............

7.............

8. ............

10.............

11.............

12.............

14.............

Aug.

1.48

1.47

1.49

1.51

Sept.

1.73

1.72

1.68

1.66

1.68

1.85

1.96

1.76

1.64

1.58

1.58

1.53

1.50

1.48

Oct.

1.46

1.40

1.40

1.39

1.38

1.38

1.38

1.36

1.51

2.73

2.18

1.73

1.64

1.56

1.55

Nov.

2.27

2.16

2.08

2.02

1.%

1.86

1.78

1.78

1.78

1.75

1.83

1.78

1.73

1.74

1.75

Dec.

1.69

1.77

1.64

1.57

1.57

1.57

9 42

2.37

1.97

1.78

1.71

1.86

1.81

1.73

1.69

Day.

16.............

17.............

18.............

19.............

20.......... ..

21.............

22. .........

23.............

24.. ...... .

25.............

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30.............

0131.............

Aug.

1.62

1.61

1.62

1.52

1.55

1.56

1.80

1.78

2.00

2.60

3.88

2.62

2.23

2.10

1 96

1.82

Sept.

1.50

1.48

1.48

1.46

1.44

1.44

1.43

1.43

1.42

1.42

1.40

1.40

1.73

1.68

1.53

Oct.

1.53

1 49

1.38

1.38

1.38

1.38

1.48

3.93

3.08

2.46

2.23

2.32

3.03

2 93

2.44

Nov.

1.72

1.70

1.76

1.78

1.73

1.68

1.68

1.68

1 68

1.68

1.68

1.57

Dec.

1.66

1.64

1.65

1.65

1.63

1.58

1.65

1.85

1.73

1.76

1.95

1.84

1.76

1.83

2.15

NEW RIVER NEAR GRAYSON, VA.

This station is located at the Norfolk and Western Railroad bridge 

at Fries Junction, about 1 mile from Grayson, Va. It was established August 7, 1908, to obtain data for use in studying water power, 

pollution, flood control, and storage problems.

Chestnut Creek is tributary immediately below the section. The 

drainage area above the station is about 1,160 square miles.

The datum of the gage has remained unchanged; the records are 

reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not been obtained to 

enable estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements of New River near Gray son, Va., in 1908.

Date. Hydrographcr.

W. M. O'Neill. ................................... .

Width.

Feet. 

646

Area of 

secti9n.

Sq.ft. 

1,420

1,380

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.11

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,170

1,920

Daily gage height, in feet, of New River near Grayson, Va.,for 1908. 

[Observer, William J. Matkins.j

Day.

2. ............ 

3.............

8............. 

9.............

10.............

11..........:..

12. ............ 

13.............

14.............

15.............

Aug.

5.04

4.16

4.18 

4.14

4.16

4.23

4.24 

3.99

4.44

4.00

Sept.

4.19

4.15 

4.11

4.09

4.08

4.35

4.32

4.60 

4.22

4.11

4.02

4.00 

3.99

3.98

3.95

Oct.

4.02

3.98 

3.95

3.88

3.80

3.80

3.80

3.80 

3.94

5-52

5.30

4.48 

4.20

4.07

4.00

Nov.

5.22

4.98

4.76

4.56

4.50

4.40

4.36 

4.35

4.34

4.33

4.35 

4.34

4.33

4.33

Dec.

4.28

4.27

4.18

4.22

4.30

5.23

6.18 

5.26

4.83

4.66

4.78 

4.83

4.66

4.63

Day.

16.............

17.............

18.............

19.............

20.............

21.............

23............. 

24.............

25.............

26.............

27............. 

28.............

29. ............

30............. 

31.............

Aug.

4.25 

4.10

4.05

3.92

4.32 

4.25

5.30

6.85

5.55

4.62

4.52 

4.35

Sept.

3.90 

3.90

3.90

3.90

3.89

3.88

3.88

3.87

3.87

3.87 

4 nn

4.20

4.12

Oct.

3 91

3.98

3.88

0 QA

5.06 

9.20

4.88

6.53

5.68

Nov.

4.35

4.46

4.36

4.32 

4.28

4.27

4.22

4.21

4.18

Dec.

4 CO

4.37 

4.32

4 37

4.29

4 on

4.46

4.37

4.62

4.72 

4.65

4.60

4.79 

5.24
KANAWHA EIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 73

NEW RIVER AT RADFORD, VA.

This station is located at the toll highway bridge about 1| miles 

below the Norfolk and Western Railway bridge. It is near the Norfolk and Western Railway station at Radford, Va. It was established August 1, 1898, discontinued July 15, 1906, and reestablished 

May 6, 1907. It is maintained to obtain data for use in studying 

water supply, pollution, water power, flood control, and storage 

problems.

No important tributaries enter in the immediate vicinity of this 

station. Little River enters from the right about 6 miles above the 

station.

The United States Weather Bureau gage was originally used at 

this point, but owing to its inaccessibility it was replaced by a wire 

gage referred to the same datum February 23, 1900. On December 1, 

1903, the wire gage was replaced by a chain gage and the datum 

lowered 3.41 feet to avoid negative readings. Numerous errors 

entered into the gage readings prior to the installation of the chain 

gage, and estimates of discharge based on them are not very reliable. 

All estimates at this station were revised in 1905, but it was impossible 

to eliminate all the gage errors.

Conditions of flow are constant and the discharge is only occasionally affected by backwater from ice conditions. A good low-water 

rating curve has been developed from recent measurements and two 

recomputed measurements made in 1900 and 1901. At high stages 

the rating curve is only approximate. The tubular piers of the bridge 

interfere somewhat with discharge measurements, and errors have 

occurred in some measurements due to not considering the area and 

velocity immediately above them.

Revised data for this station prior to 1906 have been published in 

Bulletin 3 of the Geological Survey of Virginia.

Discharge measurements of Neiv River at Radford, Va., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

$f

1907. 

June 20........

July 22. ........

1908. 

July 27... ......

Hydrographer.

R. G. Knight.......................................

W. M. O'Neill. . ...................................

Width.

Feet. 

568

565

556

549

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

2,290

1,770

1,980

1,860

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.78

3.88

3.99

3.84

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5,610

3,000

3,230

2,610
74 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Neio River at Radford, Va.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Observer, C. L. Gillespie.]

Day.

1907. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7. ..............

8...............

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

12

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

qi

1908. 

1.......... ...

2 ....

3............... 

4...............

5...............

6......... ...

7...............

8...............

9 .....

10..............

11.............

12..............

13...............

14......... ....

15...............

16...............

17...............

18 ...............

19....... . ...

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24. .............

25. ..............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29. ..............

30...............

31:..............

Jan.

5 6

5.0

4.8 

4.6

5-0

5 0

5 0

5.0

5.7

5.6

5.6

U

o

9 7

5.9

5.9

5.6

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.2

4.4

4.8

4.4

4.3

4.2

Feb.

4 2

3.9

3

O

3 9

4.85

5 4

5.0

A K

4 9

8.8

9 A

9

f*K

10.7

9

0

5.7

E q

5.1

5.0

4.8

4 9

4.1

5.2

4.9

4.7

Mar.

.......

4.7

5.8

c O

r o

6.8

6.5

5 9

c c

5 2

5.0

5.0

5 1

4 9

4 9

4 9

A Q

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.7

c Q

5.1

4.9

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.2

Apr.

.......

A q

8.1

7.4

5.1

4.8

4.8

4 *A

4.3

4 c

4.4

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.25

5.4

5.6

5.1

4.85

4.6

May.

6.7

6.7

3.8

3.7

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

4.7

4.5

A C

4 3

c c

5.0

4 85

4.6

A K

4.2

4.2

4.2

4 q

4.4

4.7

5.6

5.3

5.05

4.8

4.7

4.5

4.4

4.2

4.3

4.5

4.5

June.

3.9

5.4

5.6

5.1

4.0

4.0

7.2

11.8

6.8

4.1

3.9

3.7

3.7

3.6

4.4

5.0

4.8

5.4

4.8

4.6

4.6

4.9

4 3

4 1<5

4.0

8.0

6.1

5.2

4 9

4.6

4 4

4 95

4 o

4.4

4.25

5.0

5.1

5.0

4 ^

4.1

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.05

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.0

July.

4.6

4.2

4.2

4.2

4 2

4.1

3.8

q 7

4 ^

4.3

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

4.2

c o

4.6

A C

5 3

5.2

5.1

4 9

5 0

A Q

4

K

A q

4.1

4.0

3.9

q Q

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.8

4.5

4.1

4.1

3.9

4.1

4.2

4.3

4.4

Aug.

3.8

3.9

3.8

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

q 7

q 7

3.6

q c

3

c

4.0

4.1

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.5

3.5

3.5

4 q

4.1

3.9

3

0

q 7

3.7

4.7

4.0

4.6

4.2

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.7

3-7

3.7

3 7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

5.2

4.2

4.0

8.0

6.8

5.2

4.6

4.5

4.3

Sept.

q C

q 4

3.4

q A

5.2

4.8

4.0

3.8

q ^

3 A

q c

4.1

1 Q

3.7

q ^

q c

3.5

3.5

3.5

9.5

11.3

6.4

5.1

4.5

4.2

4.2

4.4

q o

3.9

3.8

3

13

4.2

4.9

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

4.1

3.8

Oct.

4.2

4.0

3 Q

3.8

3.8

3 7

3.6

3.6

3.6

q ft

q c

3 5

q c

3

c

3 5

q c

q c

3.5

q c

3.4

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.7

3 7

3.6

3.5

3

K

3.4

4.1

6.8

5.0

A q

4.0

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.6

7.7

8.6

5.8

5.0

4.8

5.9

8.1

7.7

Nov.

3 7

q o

3.8

4.0

q a

3

0

q o

3

0

3

Q

3 Q

4.6

3 0

q 7

3 7

q Q

4.0

4.0

4 9

5.4

5.4

5.4

4.6

4 2

5.7

5.5

5.2 

4.9

4.7

4.5

4 2

5.0

4.3

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.5

4.1

4.6

4.7

4.6

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

Dec.

3

O

3.6

3 7

q 7

q 7

q 7

q ft

3

0

q a

A OK

A q

4 2

4.2

4 5

6.7

6.5

5 4

4.9

4.2

4.1

7.4

7.0

5.6

4.8

4.7

4.5

4.5

A r.

4.5

4.6

4.3

4.2

4.3

6.8

^ 7

4.7

4.5

5.4

4.9

4.5

4.5

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.5

4.9

4.3

5.2

5.3

4.9

4.7

5.1

6.1

NOTE. The observer evidently made mistakes in recording the foot marks for several days' gage heights 

during May and J.une, 1907. These have been corrected by estimation and by comparison with the Greenbrier station.
KANAWHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

Rating table for New River at Radford, Va.,for 1898 to 1908.

75

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,640

1,900

2,160

2,430

2,710

3,000

3,290

3,590

3,900

4 220

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.90

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.30

5.40

5.50

5.60

5.70

5.80

4^550 i 5.90

4,900

5,260

6.00

6.10

5,630 6.20

6,000

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

6,380

6,770

7,160

7,550

7,940

8,340

8,740

9,140

9,540

9,950

10,360

10,770

11,190

11,610

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.30

6.40

6.50

6.60

6.70

6.80

6.90

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

8.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

12,040

12,470

12,900

13,340

13,780

14,230

14,680

15,130

16,030

16,950

17,900

18,890

19,920

20,990

Gage 

height.

Feet.

8.40

8.60

8.80

9.00

9.20

9.40

9.60

9.80

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

15.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

22,100

23,250

24,440

25,650

26,870

28,100

29,340

30,580

31,820

38,230

44,840

51,620

58,670

66,010

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for ice or obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on 12 

discharge measurements made during 1904 to 1908, and is well denned between gage heights 3.0 feet and 

7.5 feet. Above gage height 7.5 feet the rating table is based on the extension of the area and velocity 

curves and is only approximate.

Monthly discharge of New Hirer at Radford, Va.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Drainage area, 2,720 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

July......................................

1908.

July......................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

13,800 

63,000 

5,630 

4,550 

40,200 

3,900 

8,340 

17,000

43,500 

36,300 

14,200 

20,400 

11,000 

19,900 

7,940 

19,900 

6,380 

23,200 

9,540 

14,200

43,500

Minimum.

2,430 

1,640 

2,160 

1,900 

1,640 

1,640 

2,430 

2,160

3,900 

2,710 

3,900 

3,590 

3,900 

3,290 

2,710 

2,160 

1,640 

1,640 

3,290 

3,590

1,640

Mean.

3,620 

8,970 

3,530 

2,510 

5,400 

2,210 

4,120 

5,930

8,420 

9,860 

7,300 

6,640 

5,500 

5,270 

4,480 

4,460 

2,710 

6,000 

4,880 

5,860

5,950

Per 

square 

mile.

1.33 

3.30 

1.30 

.923 

1.99 

.812 

1.51 

2.18

3.10 

3.62 

2.68 

2.44 

2.02 

1.94 

1.65 

1.64 

.996 

2.21 

1.79 

2.15

2.19

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.29 

3.68 

1.50 

1.06 

2.22 

.94 

1.68 

2.51

3.57 

3.90 

3.09 

2.72 

2. 33 

2.16 

1.90 

1.89 

1.11 

2.55 

2.00 

2.48

29.70

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NEW RIVER AT FAYETTE, W. VA.

This station, which is located at the highway bridge connecting 

Fayette with South Fayette, W. Va., was established July 29, 1895; 

discontinued May 22, 1901; reestablished August 11, 1902; discontinued December 31, 1904; and reestablished July 16, 1908. Its 

records furnish data for water power, flood control, and storage 

problems.
76 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Wolf Creek enters on the right bank about one-eighth mile above 

the station; the drainage area above the section is about 6,800 

square miles.

The bed of the river here is rock, with large bowlders on the bottom, 

which cause eddies and boils at high stages. The bottom has been 

carefully determined and by using standard soundings and care in 

making measurements the discharge can be determined with accuracy.

The datum of the gage has remained constant during the maintenance of the station, but numerous errors have entered into many of 

the gage readings prior to 1908, particularly before the chain gage 

was installed November 20, 1903, the original wire gage being frequently many tenths in error. Owing to this cause and to the 

difficulty of securing accurate measurements at Fayette, all estimates 

of discharge heretofore published are only fair.

Estimates of the discharge are withheld until sufficient measurements are obtained to develop a complete curve based upon recent 

measurements.

Discharge measurements of New River at Fayette, W. Va., in 1908.

Date.

Do. ........

Hydrographer.

W. G. Hoyt. .......................................

.....do..............................................

W. M. O'Neill.. .................... ....... .....

.....do..............................................

Width.

Feet. 

188

184

177

175

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

2,730

2,660

2,360

2.440

2,400

Gage 

height.

Feet.

a3.24

62.59

1.32

cl.50

1.24

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

4,530

4,030

2,430

2, 630

2,460

a Stage fell 0.5 foot during measurement. 6 Gage height doubtful. e Gage height is approximate.

Daily gage height, in feet, of New River at Fayette, W. Va., for 1908. 

[Observer, John R. Durrett.]

Day.

2..........

3..........

4. .........

5. .........

6. .........

7. .........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11....... ..

12.....

13..........

14..........

15.........

July. Aug.

3.82

3.72

3.52

2.81

2.28

2.16

2.11

2.65

4.44

4 94

4.58

3.92

2.84

2.30

Sept.

3.24

2.91

2.58

2.28

2.08

2.44

3.12

3.65

3.65

3.72

2.87

2.35

1.80

1.63

Oct.

2.22

1.87

1.50

1.22

1.07

.95

.93

.95

94

96

1.30

7.20

4.71

3.12

1.70

Nov.

10.27

7.60

6.40

6.16

5.48

4.24

3.86

4.22

4.52

4 49

3.48

2.34

2.10

2.60

3.11

Dec.

2.78

2.76

2.78

2.98

3.45

3.32

3.19

3.38

4.48

7 90

7.48

6.82

Day.

16..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21 ..........

22

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27 ..........

28..........

29..........

qO

31..........

July.

2.32

2 42

2.22

3 98

5.78

4.88

4.08

Aug.

2.08

2.06

2.14

1 90

1 69

1 68

q £0

2.88

9 76

7.78

4 96

3.70

Sept.

1.48

1.42

1.35

1.26

1.01

96

94

1.02

1 19

Oct.

1 44

1 34

1.31

1.32

1 *}7

1' 38

9 09

5.35

7.22

11.36

Nov.

2.55

3.04

2.82

3.45

3.42

Q on

q no

2.92

2

D1

Dec.

C O«

4.70

4.54

5.09

8.04

7 80

7.54

8 f\(\

11.02

NORTH FORK OF NEW RIVER NEAR CRUMPLER, N. C.

This station is located at a ford about 1 mile above the confluence 

of the North and South forks of New River, about 2^ miles north of 

Grumpier, N. C. It was established August 13, 1908, to obtain data
KANAWHA 1UVEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 77

for use in studying water power, pollution, flood control, and storage 

problems.

The drainage area above the section is about 279 square miles.

The datum of the gage has remained unchanged. The records are 

accurate and reliable. Sufficient data have not been obtained to 

enable estimates of the discharge to be made.

The following discharge measurement was made August 10, 1908:

Width, 202 feet; area, 294 square feet; gage height, 2.24 feet; discharge, 415 secondfeet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of North Fork of New River near Grumpier, N. G.,for 1908.

[Observer, J. J. Garvey.]

Day.

2. . . .......

4............. 

5.............

0. ............

8."

9............. 

10.............

11............. 

12. ............ 

13.............

14............. 

15.........*....

Aug.

"1.93 

1.89

1.87 

1.83

Sept.

2.10

2.05

2.00

1.98 

2.02

2.70 

2.20

1.92 

1.90

1.90 

1.87 

1.8G

1.82 

1.80

Oct.

1.70

1.71

1.61 

1.60

1.62

1.60 

1.60

1.86 

3.12

2.10 

1.95 

1.80

1.80 

1.78

Nov.

3.22

2.98

2.75

2.6o 

2.47

2.38

2.36 

2.31

2.22 

2.14

2.25 

2.43 

2.22

2. 29 

2.30

Dec.

2.90

2.92

2.62

2.51 

2.55

2.45

5.30

3.30 

3.05

2.90 

3.45 

3.10

2.90 

2.70

Day.

16.............

17.............

18.............

19............. 

20. ............

21.............

22............. 

23.............

24............. 

25.............

26............. 

27.............

28.............

29............. 

30............. 

31.............

Aug.

2.02

2.10

2.05

1.95 

1.95

1.92

2.10 

2.10

2.09 

3.50

3.68 

2.80 

2.58

2.35 

2.23 

2.15

Sept.

1.82

1.82

1.78

1.78 

1.74

1.72

1.72 

1.71

1.68 

1.66

1.68 

1.65 

1.98

2.05 

1.82

Oct.

1.7f>

1.71

1.68 

1.65

1.65

1.72 

3.88

6.25 

3.59

2.88 

2.60 

2.80

4.35 

4.25 

3.75

Nov.

2.25

2.55 

2.50

2.40 

2.30

2.30 

2.24

2.19 

2.14 

2.08

2.10 

2.12

Dec.

2.58

2.71 

2.62

2.65 

2.51

2.50 

2.52

3.28 

2.85 

2.84

3.13

3.47 

4.18

REED CREEK AT GRAHAMS FORGE, VA.

This station, which is located at the highway bridge at Grahams 

Forge, Va., was established July 29, 1908, to obtain data for solving 

water power, flood control, and storage problems.

The drainage area above the station is about 247 square miles.

There is a dam and grist mill just above the station. The storage 

is small and the miller states that water flows over the dam at all 

times, so that the flow is modified little, if any, by the dam. The 

datum of the gage has remained unchanged, and the records are 

reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not been obtained to 

enable estimates of the discharge to be made.

Discharge measurements of Reed Greek at Grahams Forge, Va., in 1908.

Date. llydrographer.

W. M. O'Neill. .....................................

Width.

Feet. 

125

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.46

9 9Q

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

243
78 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Reed Creek at Grahams Forge, Va.,for 1908. 

[Observer, Robert Runion.]

Day.

2..........

3..........

6. .........

7. .........

8..........

9. .........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13 ..........

14..........

15..........

July. Aug.

2.38

2.31 

2.27

2.26

2.24

2.23

2.24

2.48

2 50

2.47

2.38

2 30

2. 25

Sept.

2.33

2.32

2.26

2 22

2.32

2.38

2.40

3.18

2.48

2.42

2.36

2.29

2 28

2.23

Oct.

2.24

2.20 

2.18

2.19

2.14

2.18

2.17

2.18

2.22

2.46

2.82

2.50

2.41

2.33

2.32

Nov.

2.97

2.90

2.76

2.70

2.56

2.53

2.48

2.48

2.52

2.48

2.50

2.51

Dec.

2.58

2.88 

2.78

2.70

2.60

3.18

3.58

3.14

2.88

2.78

2.96

3.24

3.02

2.86

Day.

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21 ..........

22..........

23 ..........

24..........

25. .........

26..........

27..........

28. .........

29. .........

30..........

31..........

July.

2.48

2.42

Aug.

2.25

2.37 

2.32

2.27

2 24

2.26

2.22

2.26

2.42

2.68

2.54

2.48

2.41

2.39

9 °.9

Sept.

2.24

2.24 

2.22

2.22

2.20

2.19

2.20

2.15

2.20

2.20

2.25

Oct.

2.28

2.27 

2.22

2.26

2.28

2.28

3.17

2.72

2.52

2.58

4.58

Nov.

2.51 

2.67

3 f)Q

2.82

2.74

2.58

2.54

O AQ

9 4S

Dec.

2.77

2.69

2.67

2.67

2.60

2.65

2

£K

3 91

3 27

3.17

q on

4.09

BIG REED ISLAND CREEK NEAR ALLISONIA, VA.

This station, which is located at J. P. Thomas's farm about 1^ miles 

from Allisonia, Ya., was established July 31, 1908, to obtain data for 

use in studying water power, flood control, and storage problems.

The drainage area above the section is about 291 square miles. 

Little Reed Island Creek is tributary on the left bank a short distance 

below the station.

The datum of the gage has remained unchanged. The records are 

reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not been obtained to 

enable estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements of Big Reed Island Creek near Allisonia, Va., in 1908.

Date. Hydrographer.

W. M. O'Neill............... .......................

Width.

Feet. 

205

200

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

344

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.72

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3

90

Daily gage height, in feet, of Big Reed Island Creek near Allisonia, Va., for 1908.

[Observer, J. P. Thomas.]

Day.

1. ........ ..

2........... .

3............

5............

6. ............ 

7.. .... .......

8.............

9.............

10.............

11.............

12............. 

13.............

14*. ............

15.............

Aug.

0.64

.02

.64

1.75 

1.2

.9

.9

.82

.74

.7 

.68

.65

.65

Sept.

0.6

g

y

.05

1.05

.8

1.3

.75

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

Oct.

0.6

.6

.6

.5 

.5

.5

.5

1.9

1.35

.85 

.75

.7

.65

Nov.

0 75

8

S

8

Q

75

75

8

8

Dec.

0.

1.3

1.2

.95

.8

.8

.9

.8

.8

.8

Day.

16............

17............

18.

20........ ..

21.............

23............

24..... ..... .

25.............

26........... .

27. .......... 

28...........

29. .........

30..........

31............

Aug.

0.6

.05

.5

.6

.75

1.0

1.7

1.3

.8

.8

n

Sept.

0.6

.5

. 5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.85

9

.65

Oct.

0.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

1.15

8

.8 

.95

1.95

1.5

1.0

Nov.

0.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.75

Dec.

0.7

.7

.8

.85

g

1.05

1.15

.9

.8

.8

.8

.85
KANAWHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 79

LITTLE RIVER NEAR COPPER VALLEY, VA.

This station, which is located at the highway bridge about 5 miles 

south of Childress, and 1 mile north of Copper Valley, Va., was 

established July 28, 1908, to obtain data for use in studying watersupply, water-power, flood-control, and storage problems.

Indian Creek is tributary about 600 feet below the station. The 

drainage area above the section is about 195 square miles.

The gage datum has remained unchanged. The records are reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not been obtained to enable 

estimates of the flow to be made.

discharge measurements of Little River near Copper Valley, Va., in 1908.

Date. Hydrographer.

July 2S........ O'Neill and Chapman.

August 21...... W. M. O'Neill.........

Width.

Feet. 

155

150

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

331

271

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.74

3.39

Discharge.

Scc.-ft. 

337

182

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little River near (Jopper Valley, Va.,for 1908. 

[Observers, William J. Trail and Thomas A. DeHart.]

Day.

1

2

3. .........

5..........

6.......... 

7.......... 

8..........

9..........

10. .........

11.. ........

12. ......... 

13.......... 

14..........

15. .........

July. Aug.

3.35 

3.34

3.34

4.04 

3.98 

3.44

4 05

3.32

3.40 

3.38 

3.35

Sept.

3.44

3.39 

3 39

3.44

4.36 

4.29 

4.42

3.66

3 51

3.48

3.48 

3.42 

3.42

Oct.

3.37

3.36

3.34 

3.33 

3.33

3.37

5.77

4.73

3.96 

3. 76 

3.67

Nov.

3.88 

3.85

3.79

3.72 

3.71 

3.71

3.71

3.73

3.81 

3.71 

3.73

3.82

Dec.

3.72

3. (il 

3.59

3.71

3.67 

4.62 

4.23

3.95

3.78

3.90 

3.84 

3.75

3.71

Day.

16.........

17..........

18.......... 

19..........

20..........

21........ , 

22 .......... 

23 ..........

, 24 ..........

25..........

26. .........

27 ..........

28.......... 

29 .. . .

30 ..........

31..........

July.

4.02

Aug.

3.42

3.34

3.32

3. 32 

3.32 

3.40

3.42

3.69

5.14

3.85 

3. (2

3 49

Sept.

3 39

3.36

3.38 

3.36

3.38

3.38 

3.39 

3.39

3.36

3.34

3.33 

3.84

Oct.

3.52

3.53 

3.52

3.53

3.50 

3.50 

3.86

6.50

4.12

3.90 

4.13 

5.29

4.26

Nov.

3.86

3.95 

4.38

4.07

3.93 

3.83 

3.81

3.77

3.72

3.71 

3. C(> 

3. (17

Dec.

3.71

3.68

3.68 

3.72

3.70

3.66 

3.71 

3.81

3.80

4.26

3.98 

3.94

4.22

4.88

WALKER CREEK AT STAFFORDSVILLE, VA.

This station, which is located at the highway bridge at Staffordsville, Ya., was established July 24, 1908, to obtain data for use in 

studying water-power, flood-control, and storage problems.

Whitley Creek is tributary a short distance above the station. 

The drainage area above the section is about 277 square miles. A 

dam and power plant about 250 feet above the station may modify 

the flow in extreme low water.

The gage datum has remained unchanged. The records are reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not been obtained to enable 

estimates of the flow to be made.
80 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Discharge measurements of Walker Creek at Staffordsville, Va., in 1908.

Date.

July 24........

Hydrographer.

W. M. O'Neill. .....................................

Width.

Feet. 

77

89

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

105

97

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.24

3.02

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

113

59

Daily gage height, in feet, of Walker Creek at Staffordsville, Va.,for 1908. 

[Observer, James D. Worley.]

Day.

6..-.....-.

8.......... 

9-. ........

10..........

11.......... 

12.......... 

13..........

July. Aug.

3.05

3.0

3.1

3.1

3.05 

3.4

3.45

3.3 

3.15 

3.1 

3.0

3.15

Sept.

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.15

3.75 

3.7

3.5 

3.4

3.3

3.3 

3.3 

3.2

3.2

Oct.

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0 

3.0

3.0 

3.05

3.95

4.2 

3.7 

3.5 

3.3

3.3

Nov.

4.25

3.95

3.85

3.7

3.6

3.45 

3.4

3.35

3.35 

3.35 

3.4

3.45

Dec.

3.78

3.75

3.75

3.75 

4.2

5.55 

4.75

4.48

4.25 

5.3 

5.4

4.48

Day.

16......... .

17. .........

18. .........

19 ..........

20..........

21 .......... 

22..........

23 .......... 

24..........

25..........

26.......... 

27. ......... 

28.......... 

29..........

30..........

31..........

July.

"3."22"

3.31

3.4 

3.25 

3.35 

3.3

3.25

3.2

Aug.

3.15

3.15

3.2

3.2

3.05

3.0 

3.01

3.15 

3.05

3.15

3.6 

3.65 

3.45 

3.3

3.25

3.15

Sept.

3.2

3.15

3.1

3.1

3.05

3.0 

3.0

3.0 

3.0

3.0

3.05 

3.0-5 

3.25

3.0

Oct.

3.25

3.2

2.15

3.15

3.15 

3.1

3.1 

3.9

4.1

3.7 

3.55 

3.6 

5.25

6.5

5.2

Nov.

3.4

3.45

3.6

4.55

4.5

4.2 

3.9

3.85 

3.75

3.7

3.7 

3.55 

3.48

3.48

Dec.

4.2

3.92

4.35

3.75 

3.8

3.85

3.85

6.3 

5.25 

4.95

5.55

WOLF CREEK NEAR NARROWS, VA.

This station is located at a highway bridge about 3 miles above 

Narrows, Va. It was established July 22, 1908, to obtain data for 

use in studying water-supply, water-power, flood-control, and storage 

problems.

The drainage area above the station is about 223 square miles.

The datum of the gage has remained unchanged. The records are 

reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not been obtained to 

enable estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements of Wo 1/ Creek near Narrows, Va., in 1908.

Date.

July 22.........

Hydrographer.

W. M. O'Neill. . ....................................

Width.

Feet.

77

76

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

123

110

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.72

2.66

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

92

64
KANAWHA KIVEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 81

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wolf Creek near Narrows, Fa., for 1908. 

[Observer, John A. Hale.]

Day.

1. .........

2. .........

3..........

4..........

7..-.-.....

8..........

9..........

10..........

12..........

13 .......... 

14.......... 

15. .........

July. Aug.

2.64

2.62

2.56

2.56

2.62

2.62

2.60

2 98

2.82

2.72

2. 66 

2.59 

2.57

Sept.

2.54

2.63

3 19

2.92

2.82

2.81 

2.72 

2.74

Oct.

2.57

2.51

2.47

2.49

2.52

2.72

2.82 

2.72 

2.66

Nov.

3.38

3.28

2 99

3.02 

3.00 

3.04

Dec.

3.09

3.47

3 38

3.32

4.72

4.18

5.12

4.84 

4.30 

4.01

Day.

19. .........

20..........

21 ..........

22..........

23 ..........

24 ..........

25..........

26........ .

27..........

28. . .. .... 

29-... ...... 

30. ......... 

31..........

July.

?, 72

2.72

2.72

2.72

2.68

2.64

2.74 

2.82 

2.74

Aug.

2.56

2.54

2.55

2.62

2.60

2.58

2.60

2.63

2.62

2.64

2.99

3.12

2.90 

2.77 

2.71 

2.73

Sept.

2.66

2.64

2.62

2.59

2.59

2.58

2.56

2.57

2.56

2.54

2.52

2.51

2.55

2.54

2.58

Oct.

2.63

2.59

2.58

2.56

2.57

2.56

3.02

3.24

96 'Z

2.82 

3.84 

5.09

Nov.

2.99

3.70

3.62

3.38

3.32

3.23

3.14

3.00

2.94 

2.98 

3.00

Dec.

3.52

3.59

0 A1

3.42

3.46

3.37

3.50

4.53

4.35 

4.79 

5.01 

6.52

BLUESTONE RIVER AT LILLY, W. VA.

This station, which is located about 2,000 feet below the mouth of 

Little Bluestone River at Lilly, W. Va., was established August 22, 

1908, to obtain data for use in studying water-power, flood-control, 

and storage problems.

The drainage area above the station is about 454 square miles.

The gage datum has remained unchanged. The records are reliable 

and accurate. Sufficient data have not been obtained to enable estimates of the flow to be made.

The following discharge measurement was made by wading, August 

22, 1908:

Width, 97 feet; area, 115 square feet; gage height, 1.10feet; discharge, 53 secondfeet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Bluestone River at Lilly, W. Va.,for 1908. 

[Observer, E. M. Lilly.]

Day.

1.............

2.............

4

g

7.............

8.............

g

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

15.............

Aug. Sept.

1.12

1.00

.96

.93

1.09

1.38

1.34

1.11

1.00

.78

.92

.90

Oct.

0.76

79

.76

.76

.78

.74

1.01

1.45

1.47

1.30

1.20

1.26

Nov.

1 99

1.59

1.35

1.28

2.22

1.18

1.18

1.16

1. 16

1.17

1.26

1.38

1.32

Dec.

1.54

1.72

1.70

1.70

1.60

1.47

2.15

400

2.18

3.70

4.02

2. 50

2.48

Day.

16.............

18.............

19.............

20.............

21.............

22.............

23.............

24.............

25.............

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30.............

31.............

Aug.

1.10

1.13

1.23

1.38

1.35

1.42

1.28

1.22

1.13

Sept.

0.90

.84

.84

.82

QO

.81

.80

.80

.78

.76

.76

.76

.72

.79

.80

Oct.

1.25

.98

.95

.95

.92

Q<t

.91

.88

.97

.98

1.16

1.18

1.06

1.64

2.83

Nov.

1.26

1.32

1.76

1.90

1.90

1.89

1.74

1.66

1.42

1.38

1.34

1.30

1.24

1.59

Dec.

2.22

2.12

2.10

2.16

2.22

2.12

2.16

2.09

2.25

2.45

5.0

3.95

2.52

3.81

4.09

21144 IRR 243 10-
82 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

GREENBRIER RIVER NEAR MARLINTON, W. VA.

This station, which is located at the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway 

bridge on the switch that runs to CampbelPs lumber mill near Marlinton, W. Va., was established July 9, 1908, to obtain data for use in 

studying water supply, pollution, water power, flood control, and 

storage problems.

Stoney Creek enters immediately above the station. The drainage 

area above the section is about 408 square miles.

The datum of the gage has remained unchanged. The records are 

reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not been obtained to 

enable estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements ofGreenbrier River near Marlinton, W. Va., in 1908.

Date.

Tiller Q

llydrographer.

W. G. Iloyt . .......................................

Width.

Feet. 

217

181

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

404

276

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.01

3.59

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

435

143

Daily gage height, in feet, ofGreenbrier River near Marlinton, W. Va.,for 1908. 

[Observer, Paris G. Johnston.]

Day.

2. ..........

3...........

5...........

6...........

7. ..........

8...........

9...........

10...........

11...........

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

July.

3.99

3.88

3.78

3.62

3.58

3.60

Aug.

3 79

3.66

3.58

3.53

3.72

3.84

3.76

3.65

3.58

3.53

3.46

3.40

3.33

3.42

3.46

Sept.

3.49

3.44

3.38

3.32

3.29

3.28

3.26

3.24

3.38

3.34

3.30

3.26

3.24

3.23

3.22

Oct.

3.24

3.24

3.21

3.21

3.20

3.19

3.17

3.23

3.25

3.24

3.23

3.22

3.21

3.21

Nov.

3.38

3.36

3.36

3.35

3.34

3.33

3.32

3.31

3.30

3.30

3 28

3.28

3.26

3.26

3.25

Dec.

3.23

3.23

3.22

3.21

3.21

3.20

3.27

3.36

3.33

3.39

3.47

3.47

3.45

3.50

Day.

16...........

17...........

18...........

19...........

20...........

21...........

22...........

23...........

24...........

25...........

26...........

27...........

28...........

29...........

30...........

31...........

July.

3.50

3.46

3.56

3.56

3.51

3.50

4.58

4.71

4. 72

4.34

4. 12

3.92

Aug.

3.46

3.42

3.36

3.36

3.38

3.36

3.50

3.40

3.55

Sept.

3.26

3.24

3.22

3.20

3.20

3.15

3.32

3.29

3.26

Oct.

3.20

3.19

3.19

3. 17

3.17

3.23

3.25

3.23

3.21

3.29

3.39

3.38

Nov.

3.24

3.23

3.22

3.22

3.21

o on

o on

3.28

3.25

3.25

3.24

Dec.

3.85

3.88

3.87

3.86

3.80

3.78

3.80

GREENBRIER RIVER AT ALDERSON, W. VA.

This station is located at the highway bridge at Alderson,, W. Va. 

It was established August 1, 1895, was discontinued July 15, 1906, and 

was reestablished May 10, 1907. It is maintained to obtain data for 

for use in studying water power, water supply, pollution, flood control, 

and storage problems.

Muddy Creek, the only important tributary in the immediate 

vicinity of this station, enters from the right about one-half mile 

below the bridge.

The records are little affected by ice. The datum of the gage has 

remained the same since the installation of the station. Conditions 

of flow are nearly permanent and a good rating curve has been 

developed.
FANA\VHA KIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 83 

Discharge measurements of Grccnbrier River at Alderson, W. Va., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907. 

MavlO.........

July 17.........

1908.

A nri] 91

Ilydrographer.

K . J. Tavlor. .......................................

R . G. Knight ......................................

.....do..............................................

AY . 0. Hovt ........................................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

\V. M. O'Neill. . ....................................

Width.

Feet. 

411

410

381

414

310

310

368

297

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

1,490

947

573

1,180

401

412

662

308

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.74

3.46

2.65

3.94

2.15

2.20

2.88

1.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6,440

2,760

1,260

3,880

425

456

1,460

175

Daily gage height, in feet, of Greenbrier River at Alderson, W. Va., for 1907 and 1908.

[Observer, W. J. Hancock.]

Day.

1907.

3...............

4...............

6...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26..... .........

27...... .......

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

1908.

2...............

3............... 

4.. .............

c

6...............

8...............

9...............

10...... ........

12............... 1 *?

14...............

15........... ... 

16...............

18............. . 

19...............

20...............

Jan.

5.3

4.5

4.4 

3.6

3 25

3 0

3.1

2.9

9.5

Q 4

6.4

4.8

3.9

3.5 

3.4

3.2

Feb.

2.8

2.8

3.0 

3.5

2.8

2.6

2.65

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.9

4.0

7.2

13.0

6.3

5.0 

4.2

4.0

Mar.

2.9

6.55 

6.0

5.62

7.6

10.4

9.6

6.75

6.2

5.0

4.4

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.4

5.6 

5.65

6.45

Apr.

6.15 

5.0

4.3

3.85

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.6

5.4

4.6

4.1

3.7

4.0

4.8

4.4 

4.3

4.4

May.

4.74 

4.15

3.8

3.5

3.25

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4o 

2.55

3.3

3.6

3.45 

3.5

3.4

3.4

8.85

9.4

5.75

4.9

6.2

4.8

4.1

3.7

3.4 

3.2

3.0

3.0 

3.2

3.9

June.

5.2

5.5

5.0

4.1

3.7

3.5

3.45

3.25

7.4

5.0

4.75

5.3

6.5

14.35

7.42

5.25

4.6

3.7

3.35

3.1

3.0

2.8

2.8

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.3

3.0

2.8

2.7

3.6

3.2

2.9

2.9

4.4

4.0

3.4

3.1

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.4 

2.3

2.2

July.

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.25

2.3

2.25 

3.4

3.0

2.85

3.1

2.85

2.7

2.65

4.85

4.8

3.6

3.2

2.8

2.65

2.5

2.5

2.35

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.7

2.1

2.0

2.2 

2.95

3.5

3.6

3.3

2.85

2.6

2.3

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.0 

2.0

2.0

Aug.

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.05

2.05

2.0

2.45

2.3

2.2 

2.1

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.05

2.0

1.9

1.95

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.75

1.9

2.0

4.3

3.8

3.2

2.8

2.6

2.4 

2.3

2.5

2.35

2.25 

2.15

9 1

2.1

1.9

2.1

2.6

2.9

2.9

2.6

2.4

2.25

2.2 

2.1

2.1

2.05 

2.0

1.95

Sept.

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.0 

2.3

3.1

3.4

2.85

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.35

3.4

3.7

3.0

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.35

2.15

2.1

2.0 

1.95

1 9

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.75 

1.7

1.7

1.7 

1.7

1.7

Oct.

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.2

2.5

2.5

5.4

4.0 

3.3

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.45

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.95

2.0

2.0

1.7

1.7

1.7 

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7 

1.7

1.7

1.7 

1.6

1.7

Nov.

2.1

2.28

5.0

4.28

3.5

3.2

3.0

3.1

3.1

4.05 

5.9

4.7

3.9

3.45

3.1

2.9

2.8

2.7

3.25

4.0

3.75

3.5

3.6

5.25

5.7

4.6

4.0

3.5

3.3

3.1

2.3

2.15

2.0 

1.95

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.8 

1.7

1.7

1.7 

1.85

2.0

Dec.

2.9

2.8

2.75

2.65

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.5

3.5

7.75

5.6

4.3

3.85

4.0

3.9

3.6

3.3

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.8

3.25

8.9

6.3

4.75

4.1

3.7

3.7

5.15 

6.25

1.9

1.85

1.8 

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.9

2.3

2.35

2.2

2.2

3.1

3.4

3.0

2.7 

2.5

2.4

2.4 

2.6

2.9
84 SITRFACE WATEfi SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Grcenbrier River at Alderson, W. Va.,for 1907 and 1908 

Continued.

Day.

1908. 

21...............

22...

23..... .........

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28... ........ 

29............... 

30...............

31.... ........

Jan.

3.1

3.2

3.5

3.7

3.3

2.9

3.6

4.0 

3.8 

3.6

3.4

Feb.

3.5

3.3

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9 

2.85

Mar.

5.25

4.1

4.15

4.0

3.2

3.35 

3.6

7.1

Apr.

4.0

3.75

3.4

3.2

4.0

4.5

3.9 

3.5 

3.25

May.

5.5

4.3

4.6

3.9

3.5 

3.4 

4.0

4.5

Juno.

2.3

2.2

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.3 

2.2 

2.1

July.

1.8

2.1

2.25

2.3

2.75

3.75

4.15 

3.75 

3.0

2.7

Aug.

1.9

1 9

1 9

1.85

1 9

2.8

3.2

2.9 

2.6

2.4

2.25

Sept.

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.65

.1.6

1.6 

1.6 

1.6

Oct.

1.65

1.65

1.7

1.7

1.85

1.9 

1.9 

2.35

2.4

Nov.

0 1 C

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9 

1.9

Dec.

2.8

2.6

O C

0 A

0 A

3 ft

2 9

n Q

2.8

4.4

Rating table for Greenbrier River at Alderson, W. Va., for 1907 and 1908.

' Gage Disheight. j charge.

Feet.

1.00

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

Sec.-ft.

103

143

195

258

330

414

511

623

748

888

1,044

1,214

1,390

1,572

1,760

Gage

height.

Feet.

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,952

2,152

2,360

2,576

2,800

3,030

3, 265

3,505

3,750

4,000

4,250

4,505

4,765

5,030

5,300

Gage

height.

Feet.

4.(!0

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

5,570

5,845

6,120

6,400

6, 080

7,243

7,818

8,412

9,031

9,675

6.20 10,340

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

11,025

11,725

12, 425

13, 140

Gage

height.

Feet.

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

15.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

13, 860

14, 600

15,350

16, 120

16,910

21,030

25,560

30, 420

35, 620

41,060

46, 700

52, 500

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for ice or obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on discharge measurements made during 1903 to 1908, and is well defined below gage height 8.0 feet.

Monthly discharge of Greenbrier River at Alderson, W. Va.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Drainage area, 1,340 square miles.1

May 10-31.. 

June.......

July.......

August.... 

September. 

October.... 

November. 

December..

January... 

February.. 

March.....

April......

May.......

June.......

July.......

August....

September. 

October....

November. 

December.

Month.

1907.

1908.

The year.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,960

48, 700

6,260

4,760

3,260

7,820

9,350

20, 600

23, 200

46, 700

27, 500

28, 700

22, 800

5,030

4,380

2,150

462

748

623

Minimum.

748

1,210

511

169

330

294

414

623

1,570

1,040

1,570

2,050

1,760

414

195

226

103

103

143

5,030 ; 169

46, 70C 103

Mean.

1,660

6,280

1,450

793

983

989

3,440

Per

square 

mile.

1.26

4.69

1.08

.592

.734

.738

2.57

4, 280 3. 19

4,660 3.48

5.730 4.28

7,780 5.81

5,470 ! 4.08

5,290

1,320

1,290

700

3.95

.985

.963

.522

190 . 142

189

272

1,100

2,830

.141

.203

Run-off

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.03

5.23

1.24

.68

.82

.85

2.87

3.68

4.01

Accuracy.

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

4.62 i A.

6.70 ! A.

4.55

4.55

1.10

1.11

.60

A.

A.

A.

A.

A.

. 16 . A.

.16

.23

.821 i .95

2.11 28.74

A.

A.

A.
KANAWHA RIVER DRAINAGE BAST 85

GAIILEY RIVER AT ALLINGDALE, W. VA.

This station, which is located at the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad 

bridge about one-fourth mile south of the depot at Allingdale, W. Va., 

was established July 3, 1908, to obtain data for use in studying water 

supply, water power, flood control, and storage problems.

Rock Creek enters immediately above the station. The drainage 

area above the section is about 248 square miles.

The section at this station is located at a bridge on a curve. The 

bottom of the stream is rough, but with care accurate measurements 

can be obtained. Sufficient data have not been obtained to enable 

estimates of the flow to be made.

The datum of the gage has remained unchanged. The records are 

reliable and accurate.

Discharge measurements ofGauley River at Allingdale, W. Va., in 1908.

Date.

July 4. .........

Do. a.......

Hydrographer.

W. G. Hoy t ........................................

.....do..............................................

W. M. O'Neill. .....................................

Width.

Feet.

168

150

34

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

763

23

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.20

5.62

5.62

4.07

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

698

478

458

C

o Measured at wooden bridge. & Wading measurement.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofGauley River at Allingdale, W. Va.,for 1908. 

[Observers, H. N. Wood and J. L. Cogar.]

Day.

1..........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5.--- --....

6..........

7. ........ .

8..........

9..........

10..........

11 ..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

July.

"4." 98"

5.85

6.97

6.59

6.34

5.70

5.39

5.16

5.89

4.86

4.91

4.96

5.24

Aug.

5.42

5.16

5.11

4.94

5.03

5.60

5.81

5.43

5.81

5.99

5.58

5.36

5.26

5.11

5.10

Sept.

4.70

4.61

4.56

4.47

4.49

4.51

4.49

4.43

4.41

4.40

4.38

4.29

4.26

4.20

4.14

Oct.

4.10

4.31

4.20

4.16

4.10

4.14

4.08

4.07

4.10

4.20

4.21

4.20

4.20

4.26

4.30

Nov.

5.05

4.88

4.76

4.62

4.59

4. 54

4^44

4.42

4.40

4.40

4.44

4.45

4.44

4.43

4.42

Dec.

4.71

4.85

4.80

4.65

4.50

4.52

4.85

5.69

5.15

4.98

5.72

5.75

5.98

5.33

5.25

Day.

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28 ..........

29..........

30..........

31. .........

July.

5.24

5.19

5.14

5.10

5.20

5.05

5.62

5.50

6.72

5.95

6.11

7.56

8.01

6.58

5.94

5.58

Aug.

4.91

4.85

4.80

4.85

4.74

4.63

4.69

4.78

4.81

4.82

5.42

5.56

5.20

5.07

4.83

4.75

Sept.

4.11

4.10

4.07

4.02

4.00

3.99

4.04

4.00

3.98

3.97

4.00

4.02

4.04

4.08

4.10

Oct.

4.31

4.32

4.38

4.44

4.42

4.47

4.48

4.51

4.54

4.70

4.93

4.95

4.89

4.79

4.89

5.10

Nov.

4.40

4.40

4.48

4.56

4.55

4.80

4.90

4.80

4.75

4.70

4.65

4.56

4.65

4.64

4.65

Dec.

5.50

5.08

5.89

6.95

5.96

5.60

5. 45

5.34

5. 16

5.22

5.65

5.56

5.25

5.30

5.30

6.40

GAULEY RIVER NEAR STJMMERSVILLE, W. VA.

This station is located at the highway bridge, known as Brock's 

bridge, about 2J miles southeast of Summersville, W. Va. It was 

established July 6, 1908, to obtain data for use in studying water 

power, water supply, pollution, flood control, and storage problems.

Muddlety Creek enters about one-eighth mile above the station. 

The drainage area above the section is about 686 square miles.
86 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

The gage datum has remained unchanged. The records are reliable 

and accurate. Sufficient data have not been obtained to enable 

estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements of'Gauley Hirer near Summersmlle, W. Va., in 1908.

Date.

July 6.........

July 30. ........

Hydrographer.

W. G. Hoyt. .......................................

Width.

Feet. 

202

202

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

962

1,110

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.99

7.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,640

2,060

Daily gage height, infect, of Gauley River near Summersville, W. Va.,for 1908. 

[Observer, William R. Dooley.]

Day.

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6.......... 

1.. ........ 

8..........

9.......... 

10..........

12..........

13.......... 

14..........

15..........

July.

6.99 

8.44 

6 99

5.96 

5.67

4.91

5.76

Aug.

5.88

5.46

5.18

5.50

4.76

5.26 

6.42

6.45 

7.29

5.39

4.84

Sept.

4.16

3.98

3.92

3.92 

3.88

3.82 

3.80

3.78

3.72

3.66

3.56

Oct.

 ? v>

3.56

3.57

3.54

3.48

3.42 

3.34

3.28 

3.29

3.88

3.82

3.68

Nov.

4 94

4.82

4.65

4.45

4.24

4.48 

4.20 

3.93

3.84 

3.78

3.72

3.60

3.88

3.76

Dec.

4.04

4.02

4.02

4.09 

4.45 

5.46

5.65 

5.48

5.78

7.38

5.76

Day.

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21 ..........

22.......... 

23..........

24.......... 

25..........

26..........

28.......... 

29..........

30..........

31..........

July.

5.01

4.92

5.82

5.75

5.28 

6.48 

6.55

7.48 

6.79

7.88

9.60

10.30

8.72

7.34

6.34

Aug.

4.72

4.70

4.58

4.48

4.42

4.34 

4.25 

4.34

4.62 

4.48

4.92

5.82

5.18 

4.81

4.66

4.56

Sept.

3.51

3.46

3.40

3.35

3.32

3.29 

3.24 

3.20

3.18 

3.18

3.21

3.25

3.28 

3.34

3.30

Oct.

3.56

3.55

3.52

3.46

3.42 

3.39 

3.34

3.29 

3.29

3.42

3.88

3.98 

3.92

4.42

5.25

Nov.

Q 7fi

3.65

3.79

3.90

4.18

4.35 

4.28 

4.19

4.14

4.34

4.16

4.14

4.11 

4.05

4.01

Dec.

t; 44

5.57

6.41

8.66

7.58

6.50 

6.17 

5.90

5.72 

5.89

6.52

6.12

5.79 

5.80

6.19

8.12

GAULEY RIVER AT BELVA,, W. VA.

This station is located about one-half mile below Belva, W. Va. 

It was established August 25, 1908, to obtain data for use in studying water power, water supply, pollution, flood control, and storage 

problems.

Twentymile Creek enters on the right bank about one-eighth mile 

above the station. The drainage area above the section is about 

1,420 square miles.

The gage datum has remained unchanged. The records are reliable 

and accurate. Sufficient data have not been obtained to enable 

estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements of Gauley River at Belva, W. Va., in 1908.

Date. Hydrographer.

W. G. Hoyt ........................................

W. M. O'Neill. .....................................

Width.

Feet. 

220

48

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

868

48

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.05

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

340

a Wading measurement.
KANAWHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 87

Daily gage height, in feet, of Gauley River at Belva, W. Va., for 1908. 

[Observer, L. L. Davis.]

Day.

1............. 

2.............

4.............

6.............

9-...-....-.-.

12............. 

13.............

14.............

Aug. Sept.

2.27 

1.97

1 S^

1.77 

1.71

1.65 

1.02

1.56

1 46

1.46

1.34

1 99

Oct.

0.74 

.76 

.75

.76

.78

1.00

.98

.90

96

.95 

90

.90

Nov.

2.47 

2.32

919

1.92 

1 86

1.74 

1 69

1.56

1.49

1.38

1.42

1.52

Dec.

1.71 

1.70 

1.72

1.78

1.78 

1.80

1.95

3.02

2.85

2.70

2.85 

5.28

4.12

Day.

16........--.-. 

17...-.-....-.. 

18.............

19............. 

20. ............

21............. 

22.............

23. .... ......

24.............

25.............

26.............

27.... .........

28.............

29.............

30.............

31

Aug.

1.99 

2.90

2.54

2.28

2.17

Sept.

1.24 

1.19 

1.14

1.09 

1.04

.99 

.94

.90

.84

.82

.80

.78 

.76

.74

.72

Oct.

1.34 

1.31 

1.26

1.18 

1.10

1.05 

1.02

.98

.92

.90

.84

.82 

.81

1.49

1.46

Nov.

1.62 

1.62 

1.57

1.55 

1.54

1.51 

1.75

2.04

2.02

2.00

1.94

1.89 

1.84

1.78

1.74

Dec.

3.06

2.84

2.78

5.02

4.78

4.00

3.62

3.50

3.38

3.38

4.22

4.25

3.80

3.60

3.50

4.48

NOTE. Gage heights September 13-22 have been interpolated by comparison of other Gauley River 

Stations.

CHERRY RIVER AT RICHWOOD, W. VA.

This station is located at the highway bridge in the town of Richwood, W. Va. It was established July 3, 1908, to obtain data for 

use in studying water supply, water power, flood control, and storage 

problems.

The datum of the gage has not been changed; the records are 

reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not yet been obtained 

to enable estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements of Cherry River at Richwood, W. Va., in 1908.

Date.

July 28.........

Hydrographer.

W. M. O'Neill. . ....................................

Width.

Feet. 

108

119

40

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

176

367

25

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.54

4.24

2.2.5 9 9?;

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

54

970

8

a Wading measurement.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cherry River at Richwood, W. Va.,for 1908. 

[Observer, Dennis S. Connelly.]

Day.

1..........

2..........

3..........

4

5. .........

6.......... 

7.. ....... . 

8..........

10..........

12.......... 

13..........

15..........

July.

2.50

2.55

3.00

3.54 

3.28 

3.10

2.90

2.80

2.70 

2.72

2.55

Aug.

2.80

2.70

2.65

2.70

2.90 

2.80 

2.70 

3.45

3.05

2.65

'.'.'.'.'.'.

2.70

2.60

Sept.

2.50 

2.50

2.40

2.45

2.45 

2.40 

2.35

2.30

2.30 

2.30

2.25

Oct.

2.30

2.26

2.21

2.20

2.20

2.20 

2.20 

2.12 

2.12

2.17

2.45 

2.36

2.30

2.29

Nov.

2.80 

2.73

2.66

2.46

......

2! 40 

2.38

2.37

4.00 

3.41

2.30

Dec.

2.48 

2.42

2.40

2.44

2.42

2.41 

2.46 

3.25

......

2.88

Day.

16.......... 

17..........

18..........

19

20..........

21 .......... 

22.......... 

23

25.......... 

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30.......... 

31..........

July.

2.65 

2.62

2.81

2.98

2.82

2.76 

3.30 

3.40 

3.70

3.52 

3.22

4.85 

4.28

3.60

3.25 

3.05

Aug.

2.60 

2.50

2.55

2.50

2.50

2.45 

2.45 

2.45 

2.40

2.65 

3.20

2.80 

2.70

2.60

2.55 

2.50

Sept.

2.20 

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.15 

2.25 

2.30 

2.30

2.20

2.22

2.21 

2.22

2.32

2.32

Oct.

2.26 

2.24

2.24

2.23

2.22

2.22

2.22 

2.24 

2.58

2.60 

2.53

2.36 

2.36

2.72

3.02

2.84

Nov.

2.35 

2.35

2.39

2.54

2.66

2.66 

2.55 

2.54 

2.51

2.48 

2.46

2.45 

2.45

2.43

2.48

Dec.

2.84 

3.10

3.98

3.88

"2." 90

2.90 

3.00

3.00 

3.00

2.80

3.00 

3.60
88 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

MEADOW RIVER NEAR RUSSELLVILLE, W. VA.

This station is located at Bays Ferry, about 3 miles below Russellville, W. Va. It was established July 17, 1908, to obtain data for 

use in studying water power, flood control, and storage problems.

Youngs Creek enters about one-fourth mile above the section. 

The drainage area above the section is about 297 square miles.

This is a cable and boat station. Low-water measurements are 

made by wading.

The 'datum of the gage has remained unchanged. The records are 

reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not been obtained to 

enable estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements of Meadow River near Russellville, W. Va., in 1908.

Date. Hydrographer.

W. G. Hoyt ........................................

Width.

Feet. 

106

95

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

333

114

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.75

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

68

a Wading measurement.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Meadow River near Russellville, W. Va.,for 1908. 

[Observer, Jacob R. Bays.]

Day.

1. ......... 

2. .........

3 ..........

4. ......... 

5. .........

6..........

7..........

8.......... 

9.. ........ 

10. .........

11. ......... 

12..........

13..........

14. .........

15 ..........

July.

.....

Aug.

4.28 

4.05

3.89

3.77 

3.68

3.74

3.70 

3.64 

4.16 

5.31

4.78 

4.39

3.88

3.76

Sept.

3.38 

3.32

3.24 

3.18 

3.16

3.16

3.15 

3.14 

3.12 

3.10

3.07 

3.04

3.03

3.02

3.01

Oct.

2.81 

2.83

2.83

2.84 

2.84

2.85

2.85 

2.8-5 

2.85 

2.87

2.93 

2.94

2 Q7

3.24

Nov.

3.94 

3.73

3.52 

3.38 

3.30

3.24

3. 19 

3.16 

3.15 

3.13

3.12 

3.13

3.21

3.21

Dec.

3.38 

3.48

3.39 

3.38 

3.36

3.35

3.58 

4.21 

4.50

4.46

4.32 

5.94

5.62

5.22

Day.

16.......... 

17..........

18.......... 

19.......... 

20..........

21. .........

22.......... 

23.......... 

24.......... 

25 ..........

26.......... 

27. .........

28..........

29..........

30.......... 

31..........

July.

4." 08" 

4.06

4.00

3.98 

4.25 

4.04 

3.97

4.00 

5.08

5.58

4.96 

4.60

Aug.

3.70 

3.67

3. 62 

3.52

3.46

3.39

3.36 

3.36 

3.35 

3.36

3.50 

4.44

3.62 

3.49

Sept.

2.98 

2.95

2.93 

2.92 

2.89

2.87

2.87 

2.85 

2.85 

2.85

2.84 

2.83

2.83

2.82

2.82

Oct.

3.27 

3.16

3.15 

3.13 

3.10

3.09

3.07 

3.04 

3.04 

3.02

3.02 

3.02

o f)1

3.38

Nov.

3.19 

3.19

3.25 

3.24 

3.35

3.95

4.00 

3.85 

3.73 

3.61

3.52 

3.47

3.42

3.38

Dec.

4.84 

4.52

4.69 

5.59 

5.57

5.19

4.95 

4.83 

4.67 

4.61

5.23 

5.20

5.13

5.29 

6.88

ELK RIVER AT WEBSTER SPRINGS, W. VA.

This station is located at the suspension bridge on the grounds of 

the Webster Springs Hotel at Webster Springs, W. Va. It was 

established July 1, 1908,' to obtain data for use in studying water 

supply, water power, flood control, and storage problems.

The gage datum has remained unchanged. The records are reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not yet been collected to 

enable estimates of the flow to be made.
KANAWHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 89

The following discharge measurement was made July 27, 1908:

Width, 116 feet; area, 795 square feet; gage height, 3.90 feet; discharge, 1,230 

second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Elk River at Webster Springs, W. Va.,for 1908. 

[Observer, Cherry Woodzell.]

Day.

1. .........

2.......... 

3..........

4.......... 

5. .........

6.........

8. ...... ... 

9.......... 

10..........

13..........

14 ..........

15..........

July.

1 94

2.56 

2.06

3.82 

3.27

3.25 

3.00

2.75 

2.52

2.18

2.08

2.18

2.12

2.37

Aug.

2.45

2.30 

2. 16

2.06 

2.00

2.45 

2.58

2.28 

2.41

9 gQ

2.20

2.02

1.99

Sept.

1.76

1.74 

1.6?

1.04 

1.65

1.62 

1.60

1.59 

1.60 

1.60

1.50

1.48

1.40

1.40

1.45

Opt.

1.61

1.54 

1.50

1.45 

1.42

1.40 

1.39

1.36 

1.35 

1 iz

1.45

1.42

1.41

1.41

Nov.

1.78

1.69 

1.60

1.68 

1.55

1.54 

1.50

1.45 

1.40 

1.40

1 4>i

1.46

1.45

1.45

1.50

Dec.

1 rq

1.60 

1.70

1.70 

1.65

1.60 

1.70

2.34 

2.20

2.00

2.95

2.85

2.50

2.25

Day.

16..........

17.......... 

18..........

19.......... 

20..........

21 .......... 

22 ..........

23 .......... 

24 ..........

9^

26 ..........

27 ..........

28 ..........

29..........

30 ..........

31..........

July.

2.18

2.02 

1.98

2.06 

1.94

1.94 

3.28

2.84 

4.95

3 <^

3.90

4.15

3.35

2.88

2.65

Aug.

1 89

1.84 

1.81

1.80 

1.75

1.70 

1.71

1.88 

1.87 

1 79

2.10

2.50

2.30

2.05

1.90

1.80

Sept.

1.39 

1.38

1.36 

1.35

1.72 

1.70

1.60 

1.50

1.41

1.40

1.41

1.42

1.42

Opt.

1.40

1.40 

1.40

1.40 

1.40

1.39 

1.38

1.38 

1.38 

1.38

1.59

1.68

1.60

1.65

1.58

1.78

Nov.

1.50

1.48 

1.45

1.45 

1.45

1.7

1.6 

1.6 

1.6

1.58

1.58

1.58

1.55

1.53

Dec1 .

2.10

2.85

3.20 

2.85

2.60 

2.40

2.38 

2.30

2.45

2.40

2.39

2.34

2.39

2.30

ELK RIVER AT GASSAWAY, W. VA.

This station is located at the Coal and Coke Railroad bridge in the 

northeastern part of Gassaway, W. Va. It was established July 1, 

1908, to obtain data for use in studying water supply, water power, 

flood control, and storage problems.

Little Otter Creek is tributary immediately above the station.

The datum of the gage has not been changed. The records are 

reliable and accurate. Estimates of the flow are withheld until estimates can be made at the other stations on Elk River.

Discharge measurements of Elk River at Gassaway, W. Va., in 1908.

Date.

July 24. ........

Do.........

Do.........

Do.........

July 25. ........

Do.........

July 27. ........

Sept. 24 f ......

Do. c ......

Sept. 28 < .... ..

Do.........

Hydrographer.

W. G. Hovt. . ......................................

.....do...:..........................................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

W. M. O'Neill. . ....................................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

Width.

Feet. 

152

151

167

169

168

175

175

173

143

52

140

45

143

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

330

002

766

778

1,160

1,140

1,160

46

62

285

56

970

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.98

«3. 62

*>4. 55

5.11

7.00

6.73

7.05

1.92

1.74

1.74

1.51

1.51

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

170

1.130

2,070

2,100

1,760

3,450

3,240

3,430

112

73

30

31

a River rose 1.3 feet during the measurement. 

6 River rose 0.5 foot during the measurement. 

c Wading measurement.
90 STJKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Elk River at Gassaway,W. Va.,for 1908. 

[Observer, Henry A. Hays.]

Day.

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27. ..............

28. ..............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June.

1.98

1.99

July.

2.14

2.42

2.88

2.94

2.81

2.39

2.05

2.04

2.04

2.12

2.34

2.24

2.12

2.28

2.19

2.10

2.02

2.04

2.84

4.42

6.86

4.64

6.96

6.10

4.84

3.66

3.00

Aug.

2.56

2.32

2.19

2.09

2.04

2.08

2.30

2.46

2.23

2.46

2.81

2.28

2.22

2.12

2.02

1.90

1.80

1.84

1.82

1.78

1.74

1.70

1.69

1.70

1.70

1.72

1.70

2.12

2.05

1.99

1.89

Sept.

1.74

1.64

1.58

1.56

1.54

1.51

1.47

1.44

1.43

1.52

1.50

1.48

1.48

1.48

1.50

1.45

1.44

1.39

1.38

1.34

1.31

1.25

1.55

1.77

1.67

1.55

1.50

1.48

1.47

1.42

Oct.

1.36

1.34

1 34

1.33

1.32

1.39

1.36

1.34

1.33

1.34

1.36

1.35

1.31

1.30

1.29

1.29

1.30

1.31

1.35

1.32

1.37

1.36

1.34

1.33

1.34

1.35

1.34

1.35

1.32

1.31

1.30

Nov.

1.30

1.28

1.28

1.26

1.24

1.29

1.50

1.45

1.42

1.41

1.38

1.37

1.36

1.40

1.43

1.46

1.50

1.48

1.47

1.46

1.47

1.48

1.50

1.66

1.66

1.64

1.63

1.59

1.57

1.55

Dec.

1.50

1.47

1.43

1.42

1.55

1.69

1.73

1.79

2.13

2.17

2.24

3.27

2.84

2.37

2.21

2.17

2.07

2.71

2.85

2.99

3.14

3.21

3.19

3.14

3.08

2.69

2.26

2.85

2.43

2.64

ELK RIVER AT CLENDENIN, W. VA.

This station, which is located at the highway bridge in the town of 

Clendenin, W. Va., was established June 27, 1908, to obtain data for 

use in studying water power, water supply, flood control, and storage 

problems.

Big Sandy River is tributary immediately below the section.

The datum of the gage has not been changed. The records are 

reliable and accurate, except that high water on the Big Sandy alone 

may produce backwater at the gage. This will not occur often, however, as the Big Sandy is a small stream. The gage reader has been 

instructed to note any backwater effect. Sufficient data have not 

yet been collected to enable estimates of discharge to be made.

Discharge -measurements of Elk River at Clendennin,W. Va., in 1908.

Date.

July 23. ........

September 23 « .

September 29 a .

Hydrographer.

W. G.Hovt.............................. ..........

W. M. O'Neill. .....................................

.....do..............................................

Width.

Feet. 

139

161

40

50

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

500

513

28

52

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.00

2.94

1.86

2.11

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

577

437

27

69

a Wading measurement.
KANAWHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 91

Daily gage height, infect, of Elk River at Clendenin,W. Va.,for 1908. 

[Observers, Perry E. Young and E. C. Riley.]

Day.

1...............

3...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

Q

10...............

12...............

13...............

14. ............. -

15...............

16...............

l«

19

20. ..............

21...............

2S. ..............

23.......-..--...

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

30

31...............

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June.

.......

.......

2.70

2. <i2

July.

2.60

2.53

2.49

2.44

2.90

4.11

4.02

3.85

3.55

3.36

3.09

2.92

2.79

2.82

3.26

3.18

3.01

3.16

3.90

3.52

3.11

3.00

2.94

3.33

4.09

5.58

6.88

6.55

5.94

4.74

4.08

Aug.

3.60

3.28

3.06

2.89

2.78

2.76

2.76

2.64

3.32

2.96

2.84

3.02

3.02

2.82

2.67

2.65

2.56

2 62

2.50

2.40

2.35

2.33

2.38

2.39

2.34

2.30

2.36

2.34

2.34

2.32

2.62

Sept.

2.49

2.40

2.32

2.25

2.24

2.22

2.14

2.12

2.10

2.05

1.99

1.97

1.96

1.95

1.98

2.03

2.00

1.98

1.94

1.87

1.88

1.86

1.86

1.84

1.79

1.77

1.80

1.79

2.09

2.11

Oct.

2.06

2.01

1.94

1.89

1.84

1.81

1.79

1.76

1.75

1.81

1 88

1.84

1.88

1.90

1.88

1.84

1.81

1.82

1.82

1.79

1.76

1.77

1.79

1.78

1.76

1.79

1.79

1.80

1.78

1.76

1.75

Nov.

1.76

1.78

1.80

1.80

1.80

l.SO

1.89

2.03

2.10

2.06

2.04

2.04

2.06

2.08

2.06

2.04

2.04

2.01

1.96

1.90

1.93

1.99

2.00

2.00

2.00

1.99

2.01

2.10

Dec.

2.10

2.05

2.02

2.00

2.02

2.00

2.06

2.13

2.12

2.15

2.32

2.77

2.88

3.41

3.67

3.19

3.06

2.74

2.50

2.50

3.17

3.31

3.15

3.02

2.99

3.06

3.28

3.36

3.32

3.21

3.16

COAL RIVER AT BRUSHTON, W. VA.

This station, which is located at the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway 

bridge at Brushton station near Cobbs, W. Va., was established June 

23, 1908, to obtain data for water power, water supply, flood control, 

and storage purposes.

The drainage area above the station is about 379 square miles. 

Brush Creek enters a short distance below the section.

The datum of the gage has remained unchanged. The records are 

reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not yet been collected to 

enable estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements of Coal Hirer at Brushton, W. Va., in 1908.

Date.

June 23. ........

July 20.........

Hydrographer.

A. H. Horton. .......................... ...........

W. G. Hoyt . ...................:...................

Width.

Feet. 

122

1 9Q

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

113

Gage 

height.

Feet.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

392

70
SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Coal River at Brushton, W. Va.,for 1908. 

[Observer, George W. Fitzpatrick.]

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27. ..............

28. ..............

29. ..............

30...............

31...............

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June.

2.6

2.25

2.1

2.8

2.35

1.9

1.75

July.

1.7

1.7

1.85

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.45

1.5

1.55

1 if.

1.35

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.7

1.85

2.05

1.9

1.75

Aug.

1.5

1.35

1.3

1.3

1 25

1.25

1.3

i 45

1.95

1.65

1.55

1.45

1.4

1 35

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.35

1.4

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1 9

Sept.

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

.9

.9

.9

g

.9

.9

.9

9

.85

.8

.8

.8

.8

.85

.9

.9

Oct.

0.9

9

9

.9

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.05

1.1

1.0

1.0

Nov.

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.05

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

Dec.

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.2

1 t

1 3

1 i

1.4

1.75

2.25

2.1

1.85

1.7

1.55

1.5

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.45

1.75

1 9

2.1

3.8

3.1

2.5

2.3

2.25

2

9E

COAL RIVER AT TORNADO, W. VA.

This station is located at the highway bridge near Tornado, W. Va. 

It was established June 24, 1908, to obtain data for water-power, 

water-supply, flood-control, and storage purposes.

The datum of the gage has not been changed. The records are 

reliable and accurate. The low-water gage heights may be affected 

by a dam a short distance below the section. Sufficient data have 

not yet been collected to enable estimates of the discharge to be 

made.

Discharge measurements of Coal Rivet- at Tornado, W. Va., in 1908.

Date.

June 22.. .......

Do.........

Hydrographer.

A. H. Horton.... . ..................................

W. G . Hoyt. .......................................

Width.

Feet. 

152

150

173

Area of 

section.

**£,

866

863

830

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.76

2.89

2.66

2.55

Discharge.

Sec. -ft. 

353

503

131

a Surface measurement.
KANAWHA RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 93

Daily gage height, in feet, of Coal River at Tornado,W. Va.,for 1908. 

[Observer, Dr. P. E. Eagan.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

5...............

6..............

7...............

8...............

9

10.-.....-..-.-..

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16. ..............

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

21...............

22...............

23. ..............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27.. ...........

28...............

29...............

30...............

qi

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June.

2.80

2.99

2.88

2.74

2.8

2.88

2.65

2.52

2.45

July.

2.25

2.17

2.10

2.22

2.40

2.46

2.42

2.39

2.38

2.20

2.09

2.15

2.42

2.55

2.53

2.44

2.82

2.95

2.58

2.54

2.49

2.46

2.47

2.70

2.88

2.88

3.02

2.84

2.65

2.60

Aug.

2.50

2.50

2.42

2.41

2.52

2.40

2.38

2.40

2.42

2.41

2.52

2.64

2.58

2.58

2.52

2.55

2.35

2.40

2.48

2.48

2.48

2.48

2.52

2.62

2.58

2.42

2.37

2.40

2.42

2.28

2.26

Sept.

2.30

2.26

2.16

2.02

1.94

1.92

2.00

1.82

1.92

2.05

2.11

2.20

2.33

2.32

2.34

2.38

2.30

2.17

2.14

2.22

2.17

2.17

2.22

2.23

2.23

2.23

2.22

2.22

2.28

2.25

Oct.

2.22

2.22

2.22

2.18

2.22

2.22

2. 18

2.13

2.15

2.17

2.27

2.27

2.34

2.25

2.23

2.29

2.21

2.21

2.27

2.22

2.21

2.26

2.32

2.25

2.35

2.44

2.47

2.47

2.47

2.47

2.39

Nov.

2.29

2.29

2.29

2.28

2.27

2.27

2.27

2.38

2.39

2.32

2.29

2.27

2.39

2.39

2.22

2.39

2.42

2.41

2.41

2.46

2.41

2.54

2.44

2.41

2.41

2.43

2.51

2.51

2.56

2.50

Dec.

2.46

2.45

2.48

2.48

2.48

2.48

2.44

2.44

2.58

2.54

2.01

2.72

2.82

2.98

2.88

2. 77

2.70

2.67

2.67

POCOTALIGO RIVER AT SISSONVILLE, W. VA.

This station is located at the highway bridge near the post-office 

at Sissonville, W. Va. It was established June 26, 1908, to obtain 

data for use in studying water-power, water-supply, flood-control, 

and storage problems.

A dam and small power plant above the station may modify the 

flow in low water. The datum of the gage has not been changed. 

The records are reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not been 

collected to enable estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements of Pocotaligo River at Sissonville, W. Va., in 1908.

Date.

July 22. ........

Hydrographcr. Width.

Feet.

W. G. Hoyt........................................ 79

Area of 

section.

Sq. ft. 

100

108

Gage 

height.

feet. 

2.16

2.32

Discharge.

S»c.-ft.

68
94 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Pocotaligo River at Sissonville,W. Va., for 1908. 

[Observer, W. H. Sisson.]

Day.

1...............

2....... .......

3. ..............

6. ..............

1.. .............

9. ..............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13. ..............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18. ..............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22... ... ....

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June.

2.17

1.25

1.32

1.28

1.30

July.

1.40

1.38

1.49

2.58

2.27

2.18

1.82

1.60

4.90

2.76

2.34

4.38

4.05

2.48

2.42

2.16

2.10

1.98

2.33

3.00

3.00

2.10

1.58

Aug.

1.83

1.50

1.70

1.85

1.40

1.48

1.42

1.25

1.40

1 54

1.35

1.32

1.30

1.05

2.18

2.25

1.65

1.76

1.32

1.56

1.56

1.53

1.64

2.01

2.06

1.94

Sept.

1.24

1.23

1.24

1.48

1.32

1.18

1.24

1.19

1.18

1.18

1.06

1 10

1.23

1.18

1.16

1.14

1.16

1.16

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.19

1.30

1.30

1.36

1.30

1.30

Oct.

1.18

1.24

1 19

1 19

1.18

1.18

1.17

1.18

1.17

1 19

1.17

1.17

1.17

1.21

1.21

1.16

1.13

1.15

1.13

1.11

1.13

1.11

1.08

1.09

1.11

1.13

Nov.

1.09

1 09

1.09

1 09

1.09

1.11

1.10

1.11

1.11

1 09

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.09

1.09

1.13

1.11

1.11

1.18

1.20

1.22

1.23

1.22

1.20

1.18

1.20

1.20

Dec.

1.24

1.22

1.21

1.21

1 91

1.22

1.23

1.28

1.48

1 86

2.20

1.50

1.64

1 fi4

1.60

1.54

1 49

1.70

1.65

2.41

2.26

2.28

2.18

2.19

MIAMI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

The drainage basin of Miami River lies in southwestern Ohio and 

southeastern Indiana, one-third of the area being in the latter State. 

The river is formed in Logan County by small streams rising in 

Auglaize and Hardin counties, Ohio, flows in a slight southwesterly 

direction and joins Ohio River at the Indiana state line. Still water 

River from the west and Mad River from the east, both tributary 

near Dayton, are the only important tributaries in the upper part of 

the basin. Whitewater River is tributary from the west a few miles 

above the mouth of the river. Nearly all of the drainage area of the 

Whitewater is in Indiana. The length of the Miami is about 140 

miles (map measurement). The total drainage area is about 5,400 

square miles.

The drainage basin is fairly regular in shape. The valleys of the 

headwaters as far down as the vicinity of Dayton are narrow and comparatively shallow. Below Dayton the valley is broad and open, 

flanked by low hills. Along this section the river occupies the preglacial drainage lines which are only partially filled with glacial
MIAMI KIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 95

deposits. The contrast between the southern and northern portion 

of the drainage basin is due not to the work of the present streams, 

but to the less complete concealment of preglacial drainage lines. 

The surface of the surrounding country is level or-rolling. The elevation of the sources of the river is about 1,000 feet; at Dayton the 

elevation is about 725 feet; at Hamilton it is about 565 feet; at the 

mouth of the river the elevation is 428 feet.

There are no forested areas in this drainage basin, what timber 

there is being in small groves or wood lots. The mean annual rainfall 

is about 42 inches. The winters are comparatively mild in the 

northern part of the basin. The snowfall is not heavy and ice does 

not form very thick. In the southern part winter conditions are 

mild, snowfall is light, ice forms to some extent where the current1 is 

sluggish.

The basin affords a few opportunities for storage. Lewistown and 

Loramie reservoirs, near the headwaters of the Miami, are used to 

supply water for the Miami and Erie Canal. These reservoirs were 

constructed about 1830; construction of reservoirs at the present 

time would be prohibited by the cost of the overflowed land. It is 

probable that other sites might be found at the headwaters of the 

tributaries.

The average fall of Miami River is from 3 to 4 feet per mile. This 

high average slope is favorable to the development of water power. 

The bed and banks of the stream, however, are not as a rule suitable 

for the foundation of dams, as they are generally composed of gravel 

and alluvial soil, and the banks are low. These conditions are met 

by building low dams to divert the water into canals. The gravel 

and sandy soil is favorable for the formation of springs, of which there 

are a great many in the basin. These springs tend to keep up the 

flow during dry spells and increase the value of the stream for water 

power. At different places water is diverted from the river to feed 

the Miami and Erie Canal which parallels the river from Hamilton to 

Piqua and thence along Loramie River, crossing the divide at its 

sources. Numerous power plants situated along this canal have 

leased water rights from the State, in most cases very cheaply.

The following gaging stations have been maintained in this drainage 

basin:

Miami River at Dayton, Ohio, 1905-1908. 

Mad River near Springfield, Ohio, 1904-1906.

MIAMI RIVER AT DAYTON, OHIO.

This station is located at the Main Street Bridge at Dayton, Ohio. 

The gage, which belongs to the United States Weather Bureau, was 

established October 1,1892; it was repaired in 1903, and also in 1904.
96 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

On March 18, 1905, the United States Geological Survey began taking 

discharge measurements to obtain data for water-power, watersupply, and pollution problems. The United States Weather Bureau 

supplies the United States Geological Survey with daily gage heights. 

The station is one-half mile below the mouth of Mad River and 1 mile 

above Wolf Creek, which is tributary from the west. The drainage 

area above the station is about 2,450 square miles.

There is a power plant about 1 mile above the station which may 

divert water around the section, and there is also a dam on the Mad 

River about two miles above the section that diverts w^ater into the 

Miami and Erie Canal.

The winter conditions are comparatively mild, and ice generally 

causes little trouble as it rarely lasts for a month at a time.

The datum of the gage has probably remained unchanged since 

the date of establishment in 1892.

This station has not been inspected since June, 1906, and nothing 

is known about the existing conditions, hence no monthly discharge 

is published for 1907 and 1908.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Miami River, at Dayton, Ohio, for 1907 and 1908.

Day.

1907. 

1..... ..........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6... ..........

7...............

8...............

9... ...... ...

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14... ...........

15...............

16...............

17. ..............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29. ..............

30. ..............

31.... ...........

1908.o 

1...............

2. ..............

3...............

4.... ..........

5...............

Jan.

4.5

4.0

4.1

11.2

11.7

8.0

6.1

6.0

6.7

5.7

4.5

4.4

5.0

5.9

6.4

6.0

8.1

8.6

12.0

10.5

7.4

5.3

4.5

4.0

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.0

5.4

4.0

3.3

3.0

Feb.

3.1

3.4

3.1

3.0

3.4

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

Mar.

2.5

2.5

3.5

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

10.8

15.2

11.8

8.0

6.2

5.0

4.6

4.5

4.1

3.5

3.1

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.0

2.0

2.0 

3.1

10.3

13.3

8.3

6.4

Apr.

2.0

2.4

9 ^

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

3.0

2.9

3.3

3.8

3.2

2.9

2.5

3.6

5.0

4.9

3.3

3.1

May.

9 ^

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

1 9

1-8

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.7

2.5

2.7

2.3

2.2

2.0

1.9

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.6

5.5

June.

5.0

4.0

A 0

4.0

4.3

4.3

3.6

6.5

C K.

7.9

5.9

7.0

5.2

4.0

3.3

3.0

2.7

9 ^

. 2.3

2.0

2.9

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.1

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

July.

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.7

1.8

2.9

4.6

7.3

3.5

3.1

2.8

3.0

4.7

4.8

4.0

3.3

3.0

3.5

3.7

3.1

3.1

9 ^

2.2 

1.4

1.2

1.3

1.3

2.2

Aug.

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

2.6

2.5

2.1

1 9

1.7

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1 ^

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.3

1.3

1-2 

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.2

Sept.

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.3

1 ^

1.2

1.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

2.0

1.6

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

3.3

2.6

2.1

2.5

2.1

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.2

2.0

1.8

1.9

1.7

.5

.5

.5

Oct.

1 f\

1 9

2.9

2.4

2.1

1.8

2.0

1 9

1.6

1 ^

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

3.3

2.1

1 ^

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1 

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

Nov.

1 9

1.2

0 A

2 Q

2

C

2.3

2.1

1.8

1.8

1.5

1.4

1.3

1 ^

1.3

1 ^

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

.8

.8

.8

.8

.7

Dee.

1 q

1 Q

1 9

1 9

1.1

1.1 1.1 1.1

1.0

1.0

1.4

1.7

1.7

1.5

1.8

1.8

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.6

1.7-

3.8

6.5

5.5

4.2

3.6

3.2

3.6

4.0

6.6 

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

a See note at end of table, next page.
WABASH EIVEE DEAINAGE BASIN. 97

Daily gage height, in feet, of Miami River at Dayton, Ohio, for 1907 and 1908 

Continued.

Day.

1908.

7. ..............

8. ..............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14..............

16............... 

17...............

18............... 

19............... 

20. ..............

21............... 

22............... 

23. ..............

24. ..............

25. ..............

26...............

27...............

28. .............. 

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.8

5.5

4.8

3.7

3.2 

2.9

2.7 

2.5 

2.3

2.3 

2.3 

2.5

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2 

2.0

Feb.

9.1

5.3

3.7

4.4

4.5

4.9

13.0 

8.3

5.5 

4.6 

3.8

3.4 

3.2 

3.0

4

C

4 9

4.0

3.9 

3.4

Mar.

11.7

11.2

7.2

4.8

4.2

3.8

3.5

3.6 

3.1

3.2 

8.2 

10.8

8.0 

8.8 

5.8

3.6

3.3

3.0 

4.3 

3.5

3.6

Apr.

3.1

3.2

5.7

5.0

4.3

3.5

3.1

3 n

3.1 

3.0

2.9 

2.8 

2.7

2.6 

2.4 

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.9 

2.8 

2.5

May.

7.4

8.8

7.4

5.9

3.9

3.4

3.0

2.9

2.8 

2.7

2.5 

2.5 

2.7

2.5 

2.4 

2.3

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0 

1.9 

1.9

1 9

June.

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.4 

1.3

1.3 

1.3

2.2

3.7 

3.5 

3.1

2.4

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.4 

1.4 

1.5

July.

2.3

1.9

1.5

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.4 

1.3

1.4 

1.4 

1.6

1.5 

1.4

1.2

2.5

1.9

1.5

1.5 

1.4 

1.3

1.2

Aug.

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.5

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.0 

1.0

1.0 

1.2 

1.1

.9 

.9 

.9

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0 

1.9 

1.9

1 9

Sept.

0.8

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5 

.5

.5 

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5 

.5

Oct.

0.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.4 

.4

.9 

.5

.7 

.7 

.7

.7

1.0

.7

.7

.7 

.9 

1.0

.8

Nov.

0.7

.6

.7

.7

.7

1.0

.9

.8

.8 

.8

.8 

.9 

.8

.8 

1.4 

9

.9

9

.9

1.0

1.0 

1.0 

1.0

Dec.

1.0

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.9 

1.9

1.9 

1.9 

1.9

1.9 

1.9 

1.9

1 9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9 

1.9 

1.9

1.9

NOTE. River was frozen, January 30 to February 5,1908.

WABASH RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

The drainage area of Wabash River lies in Ohio, Illinois, and 

Indiana, slightly more than two-thirds of the area being in the lastnamed State.

The Wabash rises in the southwestern part of Mercer County, Ohio, 

flows northwestward across the Indiana state line to Huntington in 

Huntington County, and thence slightly southwestward to Logansport 

in Cass County. At Logansport the river turns more to the southwest 

until it reaches Covington in Fountain County, where it finally turns 

south, continuing in this direction to Terre Haute, below which its 

course is slightly southwestward to its junction with Ohio River about 

30 miles below Mount Vernon, Ind. From a point about 15 miles 

below Terre Haute to the mouth it forms the boundary line between 

Indiana and Illinois.

The important tributaries, beginning at the sources and following 

down the left bank, are as follows: Salamonie and Mississinewa 

rivers; Wild Cat, Sugar, and Raccoon creeks; White and Patoka 

rivers. On the right bank are: Little, Eel, Tippecanoe, Vermillion, 

Embarrass, Little Wabash, and Saline rivers. White River is much 

the largest tributary. The length of the Wabash is about 410 miles 

21144 IRB 243 10 7
98 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

(map measurement). The total drainage area is approximately 

33,000 square miles.

The drainage basin is regular in shape. Only a small part of the 

entire drainage area lies outside the glaciated region. The Wabash 

and the West Branch of the White lie within that area for their entire 

length. The East Branch of the White leaves the glaciated area in 

the lower part of its course, and enters it again about 20 miles above 

its mouth. All the rock formations are more or less covered with 

glacial drift in the form of sand and gravel ridges, and till plains. In 

general the surface of the country is flat, with a general slope toward 

the southwest. In the unglaciated section in southern Indiana the 

country is more uneven. Rock outcrops at many places in the bed 

of the main stream and its tributaries.

Along Little Wabash River, which enters the Wabash about 15 

miles above its mouth, the drainage and flood control are subjects 

of considerable interest. The Department of Agriculture is making 

a study of conditions, with a view of developing a plan for reclaiming 

and protecting areas that are overflowed during floods. Portions of 

the river have already been mapped for use in this study.

The elevation of the sources of Wabash River is about 1,000 feet; 

at Huntington the elevation is 699 feet; at Logansport it is 583 feet; 

at Terre Haute, 478 feet; at the mouth of White River, 376 feet; at 

the mouth, 311 feet.

The drainage basin can not be called forested, as it is thickly settled 

and highly cultivated. Any timber standing exists only as groves 

or woodlots, generally of small extent.

The mean annual rainfall is about 40 inches. The winter conditions in the northern part of the basin are comparatively severe. The 

snowfall is not heavy, but ice forms on the streams about 1 foot in 

thickness; in the lower part of the basin the conditions are mild and 

ice does not form very thick.

Storage possibilities have not been investigated; the high value of 

farm land in this section would undoubtedly prohibit the construction 

of reservoirs.

The main stream and its tributaries afford good opportunities for 

water power, especially on the East and West branches of the White, 

where the fall is much more than on the Wabash. In general, the 

water power is not being developed. In some sections water power 

has to compete with cheap fuel, and the point has not been reached 

where water power can successfully compete with steam power.

At the headwaters of Wabash River, in Mercer County, Ohio, 

is a large reservoir, called Grand Reservoir, that is used to store water 

which is supplied to the Miami and Erie Canal. This reservoir 

receives the drainage from about 200 square miles, and its capacity
WABASH KIVEK DRAINAGE BASIN. 99

is about 4,000,000,000 cubic feet. The water that is thus fed to the 

canal is diverted from the basin of the Wabash River.

The Wabash is navigable for part of its length.

The following gaging stations have been maintained in this drainage 

basin:

Wabash River at Logansport, ind., 1903-1906.

Wabash River at Lafayette, Ind., 1901-1903.

Wabash River at Terre Haute, Ind., 1902-1903 and 1905-1906.

Wabash River, at Mount Carmel, Ind., 1884-1908 (gage height records by the

U. S. Weather Bureau).

Tippecanoe River at Delphi, Ind., 1903-1906, 1908. 

West Branch of White River at Indianapolis, Ind., 1904-1906. 

Eel River at Cataract, Ind., 1903-1906.

East Branch of White River at Shoals, Ind., 1903-1906, 1908. 

Little Wabash River« at Clay City, 1908. 

Little Wabash River « at Golden Gate, 1908. 

Little Wabash River « at Carmi, 1908. 

Skillet Fork« at Wayne City, 1908. 

Skillet Fork« at Mill Shoals, 1908.

WABASH RIVER AT MOUNT CARMEL, ILL.

This station is located at the Southern Railway bridge at Mount 

Carmel, 111. The gage at this station was established June 16, 1884; 

it formerly belonged to the United States Engineer Corps, but was 

rebuilt in November, 1904, by the United States Weather Bureau, 

who furnish the gage readings. On October 10, 1908, the United 

States Geological Survey started taking discharge measurements to 

obtain data for water power, flood control, storage, and navigation 

problems.

Patoka River is tributary immediately above the station. Measurements of extreme floods may be difficult to obtain on account of 

the overflow channels about 2 miles east of the station.

Winter conditions are mild in this locality. Ice does not form very 

thick and rarely lasts a month at a time.

The datum of the gage has probably remained unchanged since it 

was established in 1884.

The following discharge measurement was made October 10, 1908:

Width, 772 feet; area, 5,400 square feet; gage height, 1.15 feet; discharge, 2,620 

second-feet.

a Gaging stations on Little Wabash River are maintained in cooperation with the State of Illinois.
100 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wabash River at Mount Carmel, III., for 1908.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

4...............

7...............

8....... ........

9

10...............

12...............

13...............

15...............

17...... .........

1 fi

19...............

20. ........

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25.. .............

26...............

27...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

14.9

15.1

15.2

15.4

15.5

15.3

14.9

13.9

13.8

13.0

10.5

9.5

8.8

10.6

12.0

12.9

13.3

13.4

12.2

10.9

9.1

8.2

7.7

7.2

6.8

6.4

6.0

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.4

Feb.

5.4

7.9

12.1

13.4

14.7

15.1

15.6

15.6

15.5

16.1

18.1

19.6

20.1

21.5

22.0

22.2

22.6

22.9

23.2

23.1

22.8

22.0

21.1

20.3

Mar.

19.7

19.4

19.2

19.2

19.3

19.3

19.7

20.1

20.8

21.4

22.0

22.6

22.9

23.3

23.5

23.4

22.9

21.3

20.3

19.0

18.0

17.0

16.6

16.4

16.3

16.0

15.2

14.8

14.1

13.4

Apr.

13.4

14.3

15.4

16.3

16.4

16.5

16.1

16.0

16.6

17.0

17.4

17.7

18.0

18.3

18.5

18.5

18.0

15.3

13.6

12.0

11.1

10.2

9.2

9.1

10.2

10.7

11.5

11.8

11.4

May.

11.4

11.4

11.1

10.6

12.4

16.7

18.9

20.5

22.3

23.5

24.5

24.8

24.9

24.7

24.5

24.0

23.7

21.9

21.0

20.0

19.3

18.6

17.9

17.1

16.4

15.2

11.3

9 4

8.7

June.

8.0

7.8

7.0

6.5

6.5

6.2

6.0

5.8

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.3

5.1

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

4.5

4.4

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.7

July.

3.5

3.3

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.8

2.6

2.3

Aug.

2.3

2.2

2 2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

3.1

2.6

2.6

3 9

3.0

3.0

2.3

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.2

1.1

1.0

.9

Sept.

0.8

.7

.7

.6

.5

.4

.4

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

9

.8

9

1.0

1.1

Oct..

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

9

.9

.9

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

Nov.

1 0

1 0

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

1 0

1 2

1 4

Dec.

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

NOTE. River frozen February 2-5,1908.

TIPPECANOE RIVER NEAR DELPHI, IND.

This station is located at the highway bridge at Springboro, Ind., 

5 miles west of Delphi. It was established March 14, 1903; discontinued July 20, 1906; reestablished November 2, 1908; and again discontinued early in 1909. The data collected at this station are for 

use in studying water power, water supply, and pollution problems.

Winter conditions are quite severe in this vicinity and the relation 

between discharge measurements and gage heights is often affected 

during the winter periods -by ice a foot or more in thickness.

The datum of the gage has remained unchanged since the establishment of the station. The bed of the river is rocky, rough, and permanent. A good rating curve has been developed at this point. The 

gage observer is paid by G. E. Waesche.

The following discharge measurement was made November 2, 1908:

Width, 214 feet; area, 188 square feet; gage height, 2.69 feet; discharge, 252 

second-feet.
WABASH RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 101

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tippecanoe River near Delphi, Ind.,for 1908. 

[Observer, Albert 0. Imler.]

Day.

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8........ ......

9

10-...--........

Nov.

2.68

2.78

2.72

2.62

2.68

Dec.

3.00

2.90

2.85

2.82

2.80

3.00

2.90

2.82

2.75

Day.

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

18..............

19

20..............

Nov.

2.68

2.60

2.60

2.59

2.60

2.60

2.59

2.65

2.70

2.70

Dec.

2.70

2.70

2.72

2.75

2.73

2.75

2.82

2.80

2.78

2.75

Day.

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Nov.

2.67

2.70

2.75

2.75

2.80

2.82

2.85

2.86

2.89

2.95

Dec.

2.72

2.70

2.68

3.00

2.95

2.90

2.85

2.82

2.80

2.75

2.70

Rating table for Tippecanoe River near Delphi, Ind.,for 1908.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.60

2.70

2.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

170

260

360

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.90

3.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

470

5S5

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for ice or obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on one 

discharge measurement made during 1908 and the form of the 1904 to 1906 curve, and is well defined.

Monthly discharge of Tippecanoe River near Delphi, Ind., for 1908. 

[Drainage area, 1,890 square miles. ]

Month.

November 2-30. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

528 

585

Minimum.

162 

242

Mean.

268 

377

Per 

square 

mile.

0.142 

.199

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area. )

0.15

.23

Accuracy.

A.

A.

EAST BRANCH OF WHITE RIVER AT SHOALS, IND.

This station is located at the highway bridge between East and 

West Shoals, Ind. The bridge is a short distance above the Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern Railroad bridge. This station was 

established June 25, 1903; discontinued July 21, 1906; and reestablished October 12, 1908. The data collected are for use in studying 

water power, water supply, and pollution problems.

The bed of the river is of solid rock and the estimates of the flow 

at this station should be excellent. Gage readings are taken from 

December 1 to May 31 by the United States Weather Bureau; 61.0 

feet should be added to reduce their readings to the same datum as 

those in this publication. The winter conditions are mild in this 

vicinity and the winter flow is affected but little by ice, The datum
102 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

of the gage has remained unchanged. The records are reliable and 

accurate.

The following measurement was made October 12, 1908:

Width, 275 feet; area, 331 square feet; gage height, 63.20 feet; discharge, 345 

second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of East Branch of White River at Shoals, Ind.,for 1908.

[Observer, O. H. Greist.]

Day.

1-. .............

2..-.-.....-..-.

3...............

4.........-.,-..

5..-.-...------.

6...............

7

8..-.--...-.....

9...............

10...-----.......

11...............

12...............

13...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27.........----..

28--..........--.

9O

30...............

31...............

Jan.

.......

Feb.

.......

Mar.

.......

Apr.

.......

May.

07.40

67.80

68.00

77.50

81.80

83.80

85.60

87.10 

87.90

88.20

88.20

87.50

85.90

82.60

76.60

69.70

67.40

66.70

66.50

66.30

66.20

66.00

66.00

65.70

65.50

65.40

65.30 

65.40

65.40

65.50

June.

65.50

65.50

65.40

65.30

65.20

65.00

64.90

64.80

64.90 

64.80

64.70

64.70

64.70

64.60

64.60

64.50

64.50

64.40

64.40

64.30

64.30

64.20

64.20

64.20

64.60

64.60

64.40

64.30 

64.20

64.10

July.

.......

Aug.

64.80

Sept.

.......

Oct.

63.18

63.19

63.19

63.19

63.19

63.19

63.20

63.19

63.20

63.19

63.20

63.18

63.20

63.19

63.19

63.19

63.19 

63.22

63.20

63.19

Nov.

63.20

63.20

63.19

63.19

63.19

63.19

63.19

63.20

63.19 

63.19

63.20

63.20

63.20

63.20

63.20

63.20

63.20

63.20

63.20

63.20

63 90

63.21

- 63. 28

63.25

63.30

63.40

63.50 

63.45

63.40

Dec.

63.40

63.40

63.40

63.30

63.30

63.30

63.30

63. 30 

63.30

63.30

63.30

63.30

63.30

63.30

63.30

63.30

63.30

63.30

63.30

63.30

63.30

63.30

63.30

63.30

63.30

63.30

63.30 

63.30

63.30

63.30

Rating table for East Branch of White River at Shoals, Ind.,for 1906 to 1908.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

63.20

63.30

63.40

63.50

63.60

63.70

63.80

63.90

64.00

64.10

64.20

64.30

64.40

64.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

340

410

490

580

670

770

880

1,000

1,130

1,270

1,410

1,560

1,720

1,890

Gage 

height.

Feet.

64.60

64.70

64.80

64.90

65.00

65.10

65.20

65.30

65.40

65.50

65.60

65.70

65.80

65.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,070

2,260

2,460

2,680

2,920

3,180

3,460

3,750

4,050

4,360

4,670

4,980

5,280

5,580

Gage 

height.

Feet.

66.00

66.10

66.20

66.30

66.40

66.50

66.60

66.70

66.80

66.90

67.00

67.20

67.40

67.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

5,860

6,120

6,360

6,580

6,800

7,020

7,240

7,460

7,680

7,900

8,100

8,500

8,900

9,300

Gage 

height.

Feet.

67.80

68.00

68.20

68.40

68.60

68.80

69.00

69.20

69.40

69.60

69.80

70.00

71.00

72.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

9,700

10,080

10, 460

10,840

11,220

11,590

11,950

12,310

12, 670

13,030

13, 390

13, 750

15,400

17,000

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for ice or obstrueted-channel conditions. It is based on 22 

discharge measurements made during 1903 to 1906 and 1908. It is well defined between gage heights 63.2 

feet and 65.4 feet. Above gage height 72.0 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 150 per 

tenth.
WABASH RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 103

Monthly discharge of East Branch of White River at Shoals, Ind.,for 1908. 

[Drainage area, 4,900 square miles.]

Month.

May 2-31. .................................

October 12-31 .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

41,300 

4,360 

354 

580 

490

Minimum.

3,750 

1,270 

328 

334 

410

Mean.

18,200 

2,290 

336 

3fi9 

420

Per 

square 

mile.

0.371 

.467 

.069 

.075 

.086

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.)

4.14 

.52 

.05 

.08 

.10

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

A.

A. 

A.

LITTLE WABASH RIVER NEAR. CLAY CITY, ILL.

This station is located at the Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern 

Railroad bridge, 1^ miles east of Clay City, 111. It was established 

October 3, 1908, to obtain data to be used in studying drainage and 

flood-control problems.

The drainage area above the station is about 818 square miles.

The gage datum has not been changed. The records are accurate 

and reliable. No discharge measurements were made at this station 

during 1908.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Wabash River near Clay City, III., for 1908. 

[Observer, William F. Davis.]

Day.

1. ..........

2...........

3........... 

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9........... 

10...........

Oct.

......

......

Nov.

5.8

5.8

5.8 

5.8

5.8

C 0

5.8

5.8

5.8

Dec.

6.3

6.3

7.8 

7.3

7 Q

6.3

6.3

6.1 

6.1

Day.

11...........

12...........

13........... 

14...........

15...........

16...........

17...........

18...........

19........... 

20...........

Oct.

5.9

5.9 

5.9

5.9

5.9

1 Q

5.9

5.9 

5.9

Nov.

5.8

5.8

5.8 

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

Dec.

6.1

6.1 ""e.'o

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0 

6.0

Day.

21...........

22...........

23........... 

24...........

25...........

26...........

27...........

28...........

29........... 

30...........

31...........

Oct.

5.9

5.9

5.9 

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.8

5.9

Nov.

5.8

5.8

5.8 

5.8

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0 "e.'s"

Dec.

6.0

5.9

5.9 

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.9 

5.9

5.9

LITTLE WABASH RIVER NEAR GOLDEN GATE, ILL.

This station, which is located at the Southern Railway bridge 1 

mile west of Golden Gate, 111., was established August 17, 1908, to 

collect data for use in drainage and flood-control investigations. 

Elm Creek enters from the west about 3 miles above the station. 

The drainage area above the section is about 1,820 square miles.

The gage datum has not been changed and the records are accurate 

and reliable. Sufficient data have not been collected at this station 

to enable the flow to be determined. The low-water measurements 

should be used with caution until verified by additional measurements.

The following measurement was made July 17, 1908:

Width, 75 feet; area, 301 square feet; gage height, 2.6 feet; discharge, 19 secondfeet.
104 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Wabash River near Golden Gate, III., for 1908. 

[Observer, Henry Chalcraft.]

Day.

1. ............

4.............

6............. 

7. ............

g

10.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

Aug. Sept.

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.9 

1 9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

Oct.

2.0

2 0

1.9

1.9

1 9

2.0 

2.0

2.0

2.0

2 0

2.5

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

Nov.

1.9

1.8

1.9

1.9

1 9

1.9 

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

Dec.

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

3.5

3.5 

3.4

3.1

2.7

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

Day.

16.............

18.............

19.............

20

21............. 

22.............

23.............

24.............

25. ............

26.............

27.............

28. ............

29.............

30.............

31.............

Aug.

1 9

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.2 

2.2

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.2

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.0

Sept.

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.7 

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

2.0

2.0

1.9

Oct.

2.1

2 n

2.0

2.0

2.2

2.1 

2.0

1 9

1 9

1 Q

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

Nov.

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1 

9 1

2.2

2.2

9 9

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

Dec.

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

1 0

1 0

1 Q

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

LITTLE WABASH RIVER AT CARMI, ILL.

This station which is located at the highway bridge in the town 

of Carmi, 111., was established October 9; 1908, to obtain data of use 

in studying drainage, flood control, and levee construction. Skillet 

Fork enters from the west about 6 miles above the station. The 

drainage area above the section is about 3,120 square miles.

Extreme floods on Ohio River or Wabash River produce backwater 

at this station.

The gage datum has not been changed. The records are reliable 

and accurate, but during floods are affected by backwater as stated 

above. No discharge measurements were made during 1908.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Wabash River at Carmi, III., for 1903. 

[Observer, Noah Weigant.]

Day.

2..... .......

3............

6............

7............

9

10............

Oct. Nov.

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

Dec.

9 n

2.0

1 9

1 9

1 9

1 9

2.0

2 2

2.2

2.2

Day.

11............

12............

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

Oct.

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

Nov.

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

Dec.

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

Day.

21............

22............

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

Oct.

2.1

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

Nov.

1.7

2.0

o n

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

Dec.

1 9

1 9

1 9

1 9

1 Q

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1 9

1.9

SKILLET FORK NEAR WAYNE CITY, ILL.

This station is located at the Southern Railway bridge, 1 mile east 

of Wayne City, 111. It was established August 16, 1908, to obtain 

data for use in studying drainage and flood-control problems. The 

drainage area above the section is about 457 square miles.
WABASH RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 105

The gage datum has remained unchanged and the records are 

reliable and accurate.

The following measurement was made below the regular section 

July 18, 1908:

Width, 19.5 feet; area, 36 square feet; gage height, 2.2 feet; discharge, 1 secondfoot.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Skillet Fork near Wayne. City, III., for 1908. 

[Observer, Evert Higdon.]

Day.

1.............

2............. 

3.............

5.............

6.............

7.............

8.............

9.............

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

15.............

Aug. Sept.

2.0

2.0 

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0 

2.0

2.0

2.0

1 9

1.9

1 9

1.9

1.8

Oct.

1.7

1.0 

1.6

1.7

1.9

1.7

1.9 

1.8

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

Nov.

2.0

1.9 

1.8

1.6

1.9

1.7

1.8 

1.9

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.9

2.0

1.9

1.8

Dec.

2.3

2.4 

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.3 

2.4 ! ' 1 Q

1.7

1.9

2.1

1.9

1.8

Day.

16.............

17............. 

18.............

19.............

20.............

21.............

22.............

23.............

24.............

25.............

26.............

27.. ...........

28.............

29.............

30.............

31.............

Aug.

2.2

2.2 

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

Sept.

1.8

1.8 

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6 

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.8

1.8

.......

Oct.

1.6

1.7 

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.6

1.7 

1.9

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.7

1.8

1.6

1.7

1.8

Nov.

1.7

1.6 

1.8

1.9

1.7

1.8

1.8 

1.7

1.9

2.0

18

1.6

1.7

2.7

2.5

Dec.

2.0

1.8 

2.1

2.0

1.9

2.0

2.1 

2.2

2.0

1.9

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.8

2.0

2.1

SKILLET FORK NEAR MILL SHOALS, ILL.

This station is located at the Baltimore and Ohio Southwestern 

Railroad bridge, 1 mile south of Mill Shoals, 111. It was established 

October 9, 1908, for the purpose of obtaining data for use in studying 

drainage and flood control problems.

Haw Creek enters from the west about 3 miles above the station. 

The drainage area above the section is about 863 square miles.

The datum of the gage has not been changed. The records are 

reliable and accurate. No discharge measurements were made at 

this station during 1908.

Daily gage, height, in feet, of Skillet Fork near Mill Shoals, III., for 1908. 

[Observer, J. A. Clow.]

Day.

1............

2............

3............ 

4............

5............

6............

7............

8............

9............

10............

Oct.

......

Nov.

1.5

1.5

.5 

.5

.5

.5

.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

Dec.

1.6

1.6

1.6 

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

Day.

11............

12............

13............ 

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

Oct.

1.5

1.5 

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

Nov.

1.5

1.5

1.5 

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

Dec.

1.6

1.6

1.6 

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

Day.

21............

22............

23............ 

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

Oct.

1.5

1.5

1.5 

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1 ^

1.5

Nov.

1.5

1.5

1.5 

1.5

1.5

1 9

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

Dec.

1.6

1.6

1.6 

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6
106 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8. 

TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.0

Tennessee River gathers its waters from seven States Virginia, 

North Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky. The total area drained by it is about 39,000 square miles. 

Its extreme range discharge to the present time has been estimated 

at about 650,000 second-feet for flood stages and about 8,000 secondfeet for low stages.

The exact point at which Tennessee River has its origin was long 

a matter of uncertainty. Riviere des Cheraquis, or Cherake, of the 

early French explorers, and Cherokee River as referred to in cessions 

to the English by the Indians in 1767, has been considered as being 

formed by the junction of what are now called Little Tennessee and 

Holston rivers, near the town of Lenoirs, Tenn. Tannassee, the 

chief town of the Cherokee Indians, was situated near this point, and 

the fact that the river derives its present name from that town seems 

to add additional weight to the arguments of the geographers who 

have placed the headwaters of the river at this junction. In some 

of the older geographies the head of this river has been placed at the 

mouth of Clinch River.

The legislature of the State of Tennessee in 1889 passed an act 

declaring "that the Tennessee extends from its junction with the 

Ohio River at Paducah, in the State of Kentucky, past the Clinch 

and French Broad rivers, to the junction of the north fork of the 

Holston River, with the Holston, at Kingsport, in Sullivan County, 

Tenn., all usages to the contrary notwithstanding."

Congressional legislation, however, in several laws appropriating 

money for the improvement of the upper Tennessee, between Knoxville and Chattanooga, has given authority for extending the name 

at least to the former city, but as the junction of Holston and French 

Broad rivers is but 4^ miles above Knoxville, this point is now generally taken as the head of Tennessee River, and in the river and 

harbor act of 1890 this point appears to have been definitely fixed 

by the specific language of the act providing for a survey of Tennessee River, from Chattanooga to the junction of Holston and 

French Broad rivers.

The Holston rises in the Allegheny Mountains, at an elevation of 

2,500 feet above sea level. It is a rapid stream, about 400 feet in 

width, and flows through a narrow valley over a rocky bed. The 

French Broad heads in the Blue Ridge and winds through a broader 

and more fertile valley than that of the Holston. The French 

Broad, because of its greater drainage area, is here considered the 

main stream.

a Description abstracted from Report Thief of Engineers, United States Army, 1893, pt. 3, p. 2330; 1897, 

pt. 3, pp. 2247, 2249, 2250.
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 107

Below the junction of its headwater streams, the Tennessee flows 

southwestward, crossing into Alabama about 40 miles below Chattanooga, Tenn., and after crossing the northern part of Alabama again 

enters Tennessee in Harding County. It then flows northward, 

crossing Tennessee and Kentucky, and enters Ohio River at Paducah, 

about 40 miles above Cairo.

The channel of the bed of the Tennessee, as well as that of most of 

its tributaries, consists not of a smooth, even furrow like a ditch, but 

rather of a series of long and narrow and deep holes or troughs, these 

holes being separated from each other by ridges, which are generally 

broad and flat on top and of such length as to make the river considerably wider where they occur than it is at the deeper pools. The 

crest of any one of these ridges is generally a little lower than that 

of the one which immediately precedes it upstream. These ridges 

are generally composed of hard material such as cemented gravel, 

loose rocks of considerable size, or more often of solid ledges, and are, 

in short, the bars or reefs and are the places where in low water 

navigation is most inconvenient and difficult. They are found at 

the places where the bottom of the river is harder and offers more 

resistance to errosion than the banks and where in consequence the 

river, in its effort to secure a channel sufficiently commodious to 

carry its flood discharge, has cut away the banks instead of the bottom, naturally selecting the softer material.

In low water, then, the river is made up of a series of narrow 

ponds or pools, varying from a few hundred yards to several miles in 

length, in which the water is deep, the current gentle, and navigation 

generally free and unobstructed, these pools being separated by bars 

where the river is wide, the water shallow, and the current rapid, 

where islands frequently occur and divide and subdivide the channel, 

and where nearly all the fall is concentrated, where snags and bowlders are generally found, and where navigation is in consequence 

difficult, often dangerous, and sometimes impossible. This is the 

condition at low water.

When the river rises, the gain in cross section is greater on the 

wide bars than it is in the narrow pools, and consequently the area of 

discharge increases more rapidly on the bars than it does in the pools; 

the area of the cross section of discharges on the bars rapidly approaches that in the pools, and finally equals and then exceeds it. 

As a result the conditions with respect to the velocity of the current 

are reversed in high water and the current becomes sluggish, comparatively speaking, where before it was most rapid and swift. For 

this reason gravel, bowlders, sunken logs, and other debris are 

scoured from the bottom of the pools at high water and are often 

deposited on the bars, where they remain when the river falls, the
108 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

feebler currents due to the low-water discharge not being adequate 

to remove them.

The Tennessee has always held an important place in the projects 

for the improvement of the navigable waterways of the country. 

The Muscle Shoals Canal having been opened to navigation, the Tennessee is now navigable from its mouth for a distance of 673 miles, 

during several months of each year, and as work is continued upon 

other less formidable obstructions the season of navigation will be 

correspondingly lengthened. The radical improvement of this river, 

so as to make navigation continuous throughout its length for boats 

of moderate draft, is by no means an impossibility.

The important tributaries of the Tennessee include Clinch River, 

which enters near Kingston in Roan County; Hiwassee River, which 

rises in northern Georgia, enters the main stream from the south 

about 30 miles above Chattanooga; and Little Tennessee, which rises 

in the northeast corner of Georgia, flows across the southwestern part 

of North Carolina, and enters the Tennessee near Loudon, Tenn.

The following gaging stations have been maintained in this river 

basin:

French Broad River at Rosman, N. 0., 1907-8.

French Broad River at Horseshoe, N. C., 1904-1906.

French Broad River near Asheville, N. C., 1895-1908.

French Broad River at Newport, Tenn., 1900-1905, 1907.

Tennessee River at Knoxville, Tenn., 1899-1908.

Tennessee River at Chattanooga, Tenn., 1895-1908.

Davidson River near Davidson River, N. C., 1904-1908.

Little River at Calhoun, N. C., 1907-8.

North Fork Mills River at Pinkbed, N. C., 1904-1908.

South Fork Mills River near Sitton, N. C., 1904-1908.

Mud Creek at Naples, N. C., 1907.

Swannanoa River at Swannanoa, N. C., 1907-8.

Swannanoa River at Biltmore, N. C., 1905.

Ivy River at Democrat, N. C., 1907.

Pigeon River at Canton, N. C., 1907-8.

Pigeon River at Newport, Tenn., 1900-1908.

Nolichucky River at Chucky Valley, Tenn., 1900-1901.

Nolichucky River near Greeneville, Tenn., 1903-1908.

North Toe River at Spruce Pine, N. C., 1907-8.

South Fork, Holston River, near Chilhowie, Va., 1907-8.

South Fork, Holston River, at Bluff City, Tenn., 1900-1908.

Holston River near Rogersville, Tenn., 1904-1908.

Middle Fork, Holston River, at Chilhowie, Va., 1907-8.

Roan Creek at Butler, Tenn., 1900-1901.

Watauga River at Butler, Tenn., 1900-1901.

Watauga River near Elizabethton, Tenn., 1903-1908.

Elk Creek at Lineback, Tenn., 1900-1901.

Doe River at Elizabethton, Tenn., 1907-8.

North Fork, Holston River, at Saltville, Va., 1907-8.

Little Tennessee River near Franklin, N. C., 1907-8.
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 109

Little Tennessee River at Judson, N. 0., 1896-1908. 

Little Tennessee River at McGhee, Tenn., 1905-1908. 

Cullasaja River at Cullasaja, N. C., 1907-8. 

Nantahala River near Nantahala, N. 0., 1907-8. 

Tuckaseegee River near East Laport, N. C., 1907-8. 

Tuckaseegee River at Bryson, N. C., 1896-1908. 

Scotts Creek near Dillsboro, N. C., 1907-8. 

Oconolufty River near Cherokee, N. C., 1907-8. 

Cheoah River at Millsaps, N. C., 1907-8. 

Clinch River at Clinchport, Va., 1907-8. 

Hiwassee River near Hayesville, N. C., 1907-8. 

Hiwassee River at Murphy, N. C., 1896-1908. 

Hiwassee River-at Reliance, Tenn., 1900-1908. 

Hiwassee River at Charlestown, Tenn., 1899-1901, 1903. 

Tusquite Creek near Hayesville, N. C., 1907-8. 

Valley River at Tomotla, N. C., 1904-1908. 

Nottely River at Ranger, N. C., 1901-1905. 

Toccoa River near Dial, Ga., 1907-8. 

Toccoa River at Blueridge, Ga., 1899-1903. 

Ocoee River at McCays, Tenn., 1903-1908. 

Elk River near Elkmont, Ala., 1904-1908. 

Duck River at Columbia, Tenu., 1904-1908.

FRENCH BROAD RIVER AT ROSMAN, N. C.

This station is located at a wagon bridge about 800 feet east of 

the railroad station at Rosman. It was originally established May 

7, 1907, in cooperation with the Forest Service for the purpose of 

obtaining data for use in determining the water resources and waterpower possibilities in the southern Appalachian Mountains and relating to the flow of the larger streams below. It is about one-half 

mile above the mouth of East Fork of the river, and the same distance below the junction of North and West forks.

Discharge measurements are made from a wooden truss bridge 

where the current is good and the conditions are favorable for a 

constant rating.0

Discharge measurements of French Broad River at Rosman, N. (!., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907. 

May?.. ........ 

July 16. ........

Do.........

Do.........

1908. 

JulylS.........

llydrographer.

Warren E. Hall ..................................... 

.....do...........-....-..-....-..--..--..--..--.....

.....do..............................................

.....do..........--.---.....---.......-......--....-.

.....do..........-..---.-.-.---..-..-..-..--...-.....

..... do. --...-..-...--..--.-----..-.--.-..-.--...-...

Width.

Feet. 

71

67

70

70

70

63

61

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

297

258

337

340

331

259

251

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.31 

2.00

2.90

2.83

2.78

2.50

2.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

235 

132

440

289

oAll records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United 

States Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J, H. 

Pratt, state geologist, In a bulletin entitled "Water powers of North Carolina,"
110 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of French Broad River at Rosman, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908,

[ Observer, L. M. Glazener.]

Day.

1907. 

1. .........----.

3.. .......... ...

5.. ............ -

7......---.-..--

9

10...............

11............... 

12...............

1 3

14...............

15...............

16..-......-..---

17...............

18......---...-..

20...............

21..........-..--

99

23...............

24...... .........

25. ..............

26. ..............

27...... ........ .

28...-..----..-.-

29...............

30...............

01

1908. 

1...............

2... ............

3...............

5... ............

6.. .............

7............... 

8-..-......-....

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16..............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27.-..--.........

28...............

29...............

30...............

31............. .

Jan.

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.0

2.6

2.6

2.6 

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.4

3.9

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.8

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.0

2.8

2.8

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.6

Feb.

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.2

2.2

2.4 

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.6

2 9

3.0

3.3

7.3

3.9

3.5

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.9

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

Mar.

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.6 

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.6

2 9

2.9

2.7

3.0

3.4

2.9

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.6

2.8

Apr.

2.5

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.5

2.5

2.5 

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.5

3.3

2.9

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

4.7

3.4

2.9

2.7

2.7

2.9

May.

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.3 

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.2

2 1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.3

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.25

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

3.3

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.6

2 fi

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.8

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.3

June.

3.2

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0 

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.4 

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2 4

2.4

2.7

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2 3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

July.

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0 

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.5

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.9

3.0

2.8

2.7 

2.5

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

Aug.

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.0 

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.4

2.4 

2.4

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.3

2.7

3.0

2.7

3.5

3.8

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.5

2.4

.. 2.4

Sept.

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9 

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.0

4.2

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.2

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.9

2.6

2.6 

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1 9

2.1

2.2

2.0

2.0

Oct.

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9 

1.9

J.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.0 

2.2

2.6

2 9

2.3

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.2

2.9

2.8

2.4

2.2

2.9

4.4

3.6

3.0

2.9

Nov.

1.9

2.6

2.3

2.2

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.3

2.0 

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.8

2.2

2.2

3.6

2.1

2.7

3.1

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.3 

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.2

2.3 '2.4

2.5

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.1

Dec.

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.6

3.3

2.8 

2.6

2.4

3.4

2.8

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

1.9

4.2

3.0

2.8

2.5

2.5

2.2

2.2

3.9

2.5

2.2

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.1

2.1

4.1 

3.9

2.8

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2
TENNESSEE EIVEE BASIN. Ill

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of French Broad River at Rosman, N. C., for 1907 and

1908.

Day.

1907. 

I...............

2. ..............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12. ...... ...

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

W... .............

22.. . ..... ....

23...............

24...............

25...............

26.. .............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31........ ......

1908. 

1..............

2.. .............

3...............

4. ..............

5. ..............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9..... .........

10...... ........

11...............

12. ... ...

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19.... ..........

20...............

21...............

22

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

450

345

260

133

345

345

345

345

260

2(iO

260

570

510

510

450

345

345

450

300

300

300

300

260

133

450

450

260

260

260

345

Feb.

450

345

300

300

190

190'

260

260

223

223

345

510

570

570

570

510

395

395

395

345

510

570

510

450

395

Mar.

395

395

450

450

450

345

345

300

260

260

260

450

395

395

345

260

260

260

345

510

510

395

510

395

395

345

300

345

450

Apr.

300

260

190

133

300

300

300

300

260

260

260

190

190

300

510

510

395

345

345

300

300

300

260

510

395

395

510

May.

223

190

190

160

223

160

160

160

190

160

160

160

160

160

133

133

133

133

133

223

160

133

133

133

206

510

450

395

395

395

395

510

450

345

345

345

345

345

345

395

395

395

450

345

345

345

345

345

345

450

300

300

300

300

223

June.

260

190

160

160

160

133

190

160

160

133

133

160

160

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

223

223

260

395

395

395

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

260

395

260

260

260

260

260

223

223

223

223

223

223

223

223

223

223

July.

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

133

133

133

133

133

190

133

133

133

133

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

300

133

133

110

190

223

260

510

570

450

395

300

223

223

223

223

190

190

190

190

190

190

160

160

160

160

160

160

223

190

190

190

160

160

160

Aug.

110

110

110

110

90

110.

90

90

90

90

133

110

110

110

133

133

110

133

133

133

110

160

160

160

133

110

110

110

110

110

110

160

133

133

133

345

260

260

260

160

160

160

160

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

223

395

570

395

570

510

450

300

260

260

Sept.

110

110

110

110

110

110

90

110

110

110

110

110

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

133

190

160

133

133

190

260

190

260

260

223

223

510

345

345

260

260

190

190

160

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

110

160

190

133

133

Oct.

160

160

133

133

133

133

133

160

133

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

110

90

90

110

110

110

110

110

133

133

133

133

133

110

133

190

345

510

223

190

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

190

510

450

260

190

510

570

510

Nov.

110

345

223

190

133

133

110

110

110

223

133

133

110

110

110

110

110

450

190

190

160

395

300

260

223

223

190

160

345

260

190

190

190

190

223

133

133

133

190

223

260

300

190

160

160

160

160

160

160

133

133

133

133

133

133

133

160

160

Dec.

160

160

133

133

133

133

133

133

345

450

345

260

450

300

190

190

190

190

160

110

570

450

300

300

190

190

300

190

300

260

223

160

160

450

300

260

260

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

510

395

345

345

260

260

190

190

190

190

NOTE. Daily discharges 1907 and 1908 are based on a well defined rating curve, 

greater than 600 second-feet for all missing days beginning May 7,1907.

The discharge was
112 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

FRENCH BROAD RIVER NEAR ASHEVILLE, N. C.

This station is located at the steel highway bridge known as Smith 

Bridge, about 1 mile below the Southern Railway depot at Asheville, 

and near the end of the Patton Avenue line of the Asheville Street 

Railway Company. It is about 2 miles below the mouth of Swannanoa River.

The United States Weather Bureau maintains a station at this 

place, and during 1904 a number of discharge measurements were 

made by the United States Geological Survey. Since the beginning 

of 1905 the discharge measurements have been continued and the 

gage heights have been furnished by the United States Weather 

Bureau.

Besides the general value of the data for stream-flow studies, they 

are especially valuable for water-power estimates, there being a great 

amount of fall in the river below.

The conditions of flow are favorable for accurate discharge measurements and for a constant rating curve, except that the rating was 

somewhat changed by bridge piers erected during 1907. The datum 

of the gage has not been changed. 0

Discharge measurements of French Broad River near Asheville, N. C., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907. 

April 2......... 

May 25. ........

1908. 

April 13........

July 20. ........

Hydrographer.

Warren E. Hall. ................................... 

.....do.............................................

.....do..............................................

Warren E. Hall. ....................................

F. P. Thomas. .....................................

Width.

Feet. 

317 

321

312

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

970 

993

1,050

851

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.04 

.06

.58

0.28 -.04

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,550 

1,610

1,910

1,160

Daily gage height, in feet, of French Broad River near Asheville, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908.

Day.

1907. 

1...............

3............... 

4............... 

5...............

6...............

9.. .............

10...............

11............... 

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

Jan.

2.8

1.8

1.4 

1.1 

1.0

.8

.7

.5

.5

.5

.5 

.4

.4

.4

.4

Feb.

0.2

.4

.4 

.4 

1.0

.7

.4

.1

.1

.1 

.1

.1

.1

.1

Mar.

0.0

.4

1.0 

.5 

.2

.1

.1

.2

.1

.1

.4 

.3

.2

.1

.3

Apr.

0.5

.3

.1

_ , J

_ , 2

.0

.7

.3

.2

.1 

.1

.0

.0

_ I

May.

3.2

.1

.8 

1.0

.8

.5

.6

.5

.4

.4 

.4

.3

2

.1

June.

0.6

1.4

.8 

1.4 

.2

.1

.0

.1

.3

.9

.3

.1

- .1

.1

_ , J

July.

-0.2

- .3

- .1 

- .1 

- .2

- .3

- .3

- .4

- .4

_ 4

- .2 

.0

- .1

- .3

- .4

Aug.

-0.3

- .3

- .4

- .5 

- .6

 .6

- .6

- .5

_ Cj

- .6

- .5 

- .3

 .2

- .3

- .3

Sept.

-0.6

- .6

 .6 

_ g

- !4

- .4

 .6

- .6

- .6

- .6

 .5

- .5

- .6

- .6

Oct.

-0.2

 .4

 .4 

- .4 

- .4

- .4

- .4

- .5

__ 3

- .4

- .5 

- .5

- .6

- .6

- .6

Nov.

-0.7

_ 7

.3 

- .3 

- .6

- .6

- .6

- .6

- .6

- .5

- .5 

- .5

- .5

- .6

Dec.

0.0

 .1

- .1

_ 2

- '.2

- .3

- .3

- .3

- .2

.7

2.0

.7

.2

2.5

3.2

oAll records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United 

States Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. 

Pratt, state geologist, in a bulletin entitled " Water powers of North Carolina,"
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 113

Daily gage height, in feet, of French Broad River near Asheville, N. C.,for 1907 and

1908 Continued.

Day.

1907. 

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

00

24...............

25...............

26...............

27..... ..........

28...............

29

30

31...............

1908.

2

3...............

6............... 

7...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16. ..............

17...............

18............... 

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

31...............

Jan.

0.3

.3

.3

.3

.2

.3

.3

.2

.1

.1

.1

.2

.1

.1

.1

1.7

1.2

1.0

.8

1.5

1.2 

1.0

1.3

.9

.5

5.9

4.5

3.5

2.0

1.5

1.2

1.0 

1.0

.9

.7

.5

.5

.5

.4

.4

.6

.6

.4

.3

.3

Feb.

0.1

.1

.0

- .1

- .1

- .1

- .1

- .1

.0

.1

.2

.1

.3

.3

.3

.4

.5

.7

.7

.6

1.8

1.9

2.1

5.9

5.4

4.8

3.8 

2.3

2.4

1.8

1.7

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.4

1.8

1.4

1.2

Mar.

0.3

9

.1

.1

.0

.0

_ ]

- .1

- .2

.1

.0

1

- .2

.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

Q

8

0

.6

.9

.9

.8

.6

.4 

.4

.5

1.9

1.4

1.1

3.0

2.9

1.8

1.4

1.1

1.0

.8

Apr.

-0.1

- .1

- .2

.1

.1

__ J

2.0

1.0

.9

.4

9

1.6

.6

.4

.3

.8

.8

.6

.5 

.5

 -,

4

.4

.3

.3

.2

1.8

1.2

.9

.8

.8

.5

.4

.4

1.1

2.9

1.7

1.4

1.1

9

May.

0.1

.1

.1

.0

_ i

- .2

- .2

- .2

- .2

.8

.2

.0

- .2

.2

1.0

.8

.8

.7

.5

.4 

1.2

.8

.6

.5

.5

.3

.6

.9 

1.2

.9

.6

.4

.4

.5

.4

.4

.5

.4

.4

.5

.3

June.

-0.2

- .3

__ 0

- .3

- .1

.1

.3

.3

.1

.0

.4 

.2

.0

.3

1

.1

0

.3

.0 

.0

- .1

.1

.0

.0

- .1

- .1

_ o

- .2

_ 9

July.

-0.0

.0

o

- .3

 .4

_ ^

 }

- .2

3

.5

1.5

1.9 

1.3

1 3

1.0

1.0

.8

.3

.1

.5

.2

.1 

.1

.0

- .2

_ 2

.3

.2

.0

- .1

.3

.4

.4

Aug.

-0.4

_ 2

- .2

_ 3

- .4

.0

.1

- .1

- .2

- .4

- .6

- .6

.1

- .2

_ 2

.2

.0

.4 

.8

.8

9

.0

.0

- .1

- .1

- .1

.3

.0 

- .1

- .1

- .1

1.1

1.1

1.8

3.2

4.9

4.2

3.0

1.3

1.0

.8

Sept.

-0.7

 .6

- .6

- .6

- .7

 .6

- .6

2.0

.3

_ 2

 .4

- .3

.1

.3

.2

.2

.1

2.7 

1.3

.4

.3

.2

.2

.2

.1

.0

.0

.0 

.0

- .1

- .2

2

- .2

- .2

- .2

.1

0

.0

Oct.

-0.6

- .6

f;

 .6

.7

_ 7

_ 7

_ 7

_ 2

__ Q

- .3

- .3 

- .3

2.5

.9

.7

.0

- .1

- .1

- .2

- .3 

- .3

- .3

- .3

_ 3

1.2

3.4

1.7

1.1

.8

2.6

3.6

2. 1

Nov.

-0.6

.1

.0

.2

1.7

1.5

2.9

2.5

1.1

.4

.0

1.7

1.1

.8

.4

.3 

.2

.2

.1

.1

.1

.3

.2

.4

.3

.2 

.1

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

_ ^

_ I

_ I

Dec.

2.8

1.0

.5

.3

0 f\

3.5

2.0

1 Q

1.0

.8

2.7

9

.0

.0

1.1

1.5

1.0

 7

.8

.6

.3

.2

.1

.1 

.1

.1

.1

.3

2.2

1.7

1.2

.8

.8

.4

.4

.8

Rating tables for French Broad River near Asheville, N. C. 

FOR 1907.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-1.10

-1.00

- .90

- .80

- .70

- .60

- .50

- .40

- .30

- .20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

340

420

500

590

690

790

900

1,010

1,130

1,250

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-0.10

.00

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,380

1,510

1,650

1,790

1,930

2,080

2,230

2,390

2,550

2,720

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

Dis- | Gage 

charge. | height.

Sec.-ft. !

2,890

3,070

3,250

3,440

3,640

3,850

4,060

4,270

4.490

4,720

Feet.

1.90

2.00

2.20

2.40

2.60

2.80

3.00

3.20

3.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

4,960

5,200

5,700

6,230

6,770

7,320

7,890

8,480

9,080

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on four discharge measurements made during 1906 and 1907, and is well defined. See also monthly discharge table 

footnote.

21144 IRR 243 10 8
114 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Rating tables for French Broad River near Ashemlle, N. C. Continued.

FOR 1908.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

-0.40

- .30

- .20

- .10

.00

.10

.20

.30 .-'0

.50

.00

.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

790

900

1,020

1,140

1,260 

1,390

1,530

1,670

1,810

1,950

2,100 '

2,250 -

.80 ' 2,400 !

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0. 90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

Discharge.

i 

Sec.-ft. ' 2, 560 '

2,720

2,880

3,050

3,220

3,390

3,570

3,750

3,940

4,140

4,340

4,550

4,760

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.20

2.' 30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.20

3.40

3.60

3.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

4,980

5,210

5,440

5,680

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

5, 920 , 4. 80

6,170

6,420

6,670

, 5.00

! 5.20

1 5.40

6,930 5. fiO

7,460 : 5.80

8,000

8,560

9,120

6.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

9,700

10,300

10,910

11,530

12, 160

12, 800

13,460

14, 120

14,800

15, £00

16,200

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on two discharge 

measurements made during 1908 and the general form of the previous curves, and is fairly well defined.

Monthly discharge of French Broad River near Ashemlle, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Drainage area, 987 square miles.]

i second-feet.

January....

February.. 

March.....

April.......

May.......

June.......

July.......

August....

September. 

October....

November. 

December..

Month.

1907

Run-off

Maximum.

7,320

3,070

3,070

5,200

8,480

3,850

1,510

1,320

4,380

900

6,900

8,630

8,630

15, 800

15, 800

6,930

6,670

3,940

1,810

4,340

12,500

6,170

8,560

3,940

5,680

15,800

Minimum.

1,650

1,380

1,250

1,250

1,250

1,130

900

545

380

420

460

845

380

1,670

1,670

1,810

1,530

1,670

1,020

900

1,020

1,020

790

1,140

1,260

790

Mean.

2,300

1,750

1,720

2,010

2,100

1,810

1,100

775

837

553

1,490

2,900

1,620

3,450

4,430

2,920

2,440

2,180

1,350

1,870

2,780

1,580

2,280

1,640

2,190

2,430

Per 

square 

mile.

2.39

1.77

1.74

2.04

2. 13

1.83

1. 11

.785

.848

.560

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.76

1.84

2.01

Accuracy.

B.

B.

B.

2.28 B.

2.46 B.

2.04 B.

1.28

.90

.95

.65

1.51 1.68

2. 94 3. 39

1.64

3. 50

4.49

2.96

2.47

2.21

1.37

1.89

2.82

22.24

4.04

4.84

3.41

2.76

2.55

1.53

2.18

3.25

1.60 1.78

2.31

1.66

2.22

2.46

2.66

1.85

2.56

33.41

C.

C.

C.

D.

r.

B.

B.

B.

B.

B.

B.

B.

B.

B.

B.

B.

B.

B.

The year......................

1908. 

January.............................

February...........................

March..............................

April...............................

May.............. .................

June................................

July................................

A ugust.............................

September..........................

October.............................

November..........................

December...........................

The year......................

NOTE. During the last half of 1907 construction work on a bridge immediately below the station caused 

more or less backwater. The stage of construction and hence amount of obstruction was known from 

month to month and in addition one measurement was made while construction was going on and two 

have been made since the bridge was completed. From these data it was possible to estimate fairly well 

the amount of backwater effect and make the necessary corrections in gage heights. Before application of 

the 1907 rating table to the gage heights July to December, 1907, the following corrections were made to 

daily gage heights: July, 0.1 foot; August, 0.25 foot; September, 0.35 foot; October, 0.3 foot; 

November and December, 0.25 foot.
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 115

FRENCH BROAD RIVER NEAR NEWPORT, TENN.°

This station is located at the highway bridge about 2 miles north 

of iSewport. It was original!}' established September 4, 1900, and 

was maintained for a portion of the time only during 1900 and 1901. 

The bridge was washed away in the spring of 1902, carrying with it 

the gage and all reference points. A new bridge having been built, 

the station was re-established October 27, 1902, and was maintained 

until the end of 1905, wrhen it was discontinued.

In connection with the Appalachian Forest investigation the gage 

readings were again maintained from August 16 to December 31, 1907, 

Since October 27, 1902, the gage datum has remained the same.

Daily gage height, in feet, of French Broad River near Newport, Tenn.,for 1907. 

[Observer, T. B. Odell.]

Day.

I.............

6 ...

7.............

8.............

9.............

10. ...........

11.............

12.............

10

14.............

lj.... .........

Aug. Sept.

....... 1.1

....... 1.0

....... 1.2

....... 1.1

....... 1.1

....... 1.1

....... 1.1

....... 1.2

....... 1.4

....... 1. 3

1 *2

1 0

....... 1.0

Oct.

1.5

1. 4

1.3

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

Nov.

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1 9

1.7

1.8

1.5

1.3

Dec.

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

2.8

2.3

2.0

1.8

3.4

Day.

16.............

17.............

18.............

19

20.............

21........... .

22

23.............

24.........

25.............

26...

27

28.............

23.............

30.. .. .

31.............

Aug.

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.5

1.5

1. 4

1.5

Sept.

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.7

4.7

3.2

9 °.

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.8

Oct.

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1 2

1,1

1 Q

1.3

1 2

1 9

1 Q

1 2

1,3

Nov.

1 *3

1 1

1.5

1.7

1 9

9 0

2.9

3.6

3

0

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.7

Dec.

2.9

2 1

2

n

1.9

1 S

1.8

3.4

Q Q

2.4

9 S

2.1

9 A

2.8

3.6

Rating table for French Broad River near Newport, Tenn., for 1901

Gage

height.

Feet.

0. 00

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.00

1.70

Discharge.

Scc.-ft.

500

640

700

960

1,150

1,350

1,570

1,800

2,040

Gage

height.

Feet.

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

Discharge.

Scc.-ft.

2,290

2,550

2,820

3,100

3,390

3,690

3,990

4,300

4,620

Gage

height.

Fat.

2.70

1.80

2. 00

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

4.950

5,290

5.640

6,010

6,390

6,780

7,180

7,590

8,000

Gage

height.

Feet.

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.80

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

8,420

8,840

9,270

9,700

10,140

11,050

11,980

12,920

13,860

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on three discharge measurements made during 1905 and 1906 and is fairly well defined.

a Formerly the Oldtown gaging station.
116 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Monthly discharge of French Broad River near Newport, Tenn.,for 1907. 

[Drainage area, 1,740 square miles.]

Month.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2.040 

13,400 

1.570 

8,420 

8,420

Minimum.

1,150 

500 

640 

960 

1,350

Mean.

1,480 

1.770 

1,060 

2.250 

3,390

Per 

square 

mile.

0.851 

1.02 

.609 

1.29 

1.95

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.51 

1.14 

.70 

1.44 

2.25

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

TENNESSEE RIVER AT KNOXVILLE, TENN.

This station is located at the Gay street or county highway bridge 

in the city of Knoxville. It is about 4 miles below the junction of 

French Broad and Holston rivers.

Daily records are kept by the United States Weather Bureau and 

are furnished to the Geological Survey, and since 1899 discharge 

measurements have been made by the Geological Survey. The gage 

heights for 1899 are from a gage different in location and datum from 

the present gage. For 1900 to 1908, inclusive, the same gage has been 

used.

The data are of use principally in connection with other station 

data in making general run-off studies.

The conditions are not favorable for a high degree of accuracy in 

discharge measurements, owing to the roughness of the bed and the 

great height of the bridge from which measurements are made. A 

number of wing dams for improvement of boat channel make liable 

changes in the rating curve.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tennessee River at Knoxville, Tenn.,for 1907 and 1908.

Day.

1907. 

1...... ......... 

2 ...............

3............... 

4... ............

5............... 

6...............

8, ..............

9...............

12. ..............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

Jan.

7.9

7.8

0.5 

5.3

4.7 

4.3

4.0

3.7

3.o

3.4

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.7

2.7

'2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.7

Feb.

2.2 

2.9

2.4 

2.2

3.9

4.4

4.5

3.7

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.8

Mar.

4.3

6.5

8.0 

7.8

6.0 

4.6

4.0

4.0

4.2

4.8

6.2

7.0

6.8

5.7

5.9

6.2

6.0

5.0

4.5

4.0

Apr.

3.7 

3.4

3.2

2.8

2.5

2.8

4.5

4.9

5.3

5.0

5.3

4.5

3.9

3.5

3.4

3.2

3.0

3.0

3.4

4.0

May.

3.4 

3.1

2.8 

3.7

4.7 

4.3

6.6

7.0

5.4

4.6

4.4

4.1

3.6

3.2

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.3

June.

1.9 

2.5

5.3 

7.0

6.8

4.8

3.8

3.8

9.1

10.1

7.7

6.5

9.0

6.3

11.5

12.2

6.2

4.6

3.8

3.2

July.

2.9

2.7

2.2

2.5

2.1 

1.9

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.4

4.9

6.2

4.9

4.0

3.4

3.3

2.9

3.0

Aug.

2.9 

2.2

1.7 

1.4

1.3 

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.9

2.3

3.0

2.3

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.7

2.4

Sept.

1.1 

1.0

1.0 

1.1

1.2 

1.1

-?1. 1

1.3

1.5

2.4

1.8

2.4

1.5

1.8

1.4

1.0

.9

.9

.9

.9

Oct.

2.3 

2.0

1.7 

1.5

1.7 

2.2

2.4

2.0

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.9

Nov.

0.9 

.9

1.5 

1.9

1.6 

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.1

2.3

3.7

5.8

4.8

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.1

2.5

Dec.

2.4 

2.3

2.1 

2.1

1.9 

l.S

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

2.3

4.1

4.0

3.0

3.0

4.4

4.1

3.3

2.9

2.4
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 117

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tennessee River at Knoxville, Tenn., for 1907 and 1908 

Continued.

Day.

1907.

22...............

23...............

24...............

25............... 

26. ..............

27...............

29...............

1908.

2

3...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

g

10............... 

11...............

13...............

14............... 

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

20. ..............

22. ..............

23. .............. 

24...............

25...............

26...............

28. .............. 

29

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

3.6

3.5

3.0

2.7

2.0 

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

9.9

7.4

5.1

7.8

8.2

7.4

0.2

5.3

4.2

5.5

10.9

14.8 

9.7

7.0

0.0

6.0

5.1

4.7

4.1

3.6

3.0 

3.0

3.3

3.2

3.0

3.0 

3.8

3.3

3.0

Feb.

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.8

2.3 

3.7

4.3

4.3

3.2

3.8 

2.9

2.7

2.9

3.fi

3.8

3.8

3.3 

3.3

4.1

4.4

7.0 

10.9

15.2

13.7

9 9

7.5

0.0

5.5

4.4

4.1 

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.9

4.1 

3.8

Mar.

3.7

3.4

3.0

2 9

2.7 

2.7

2.5

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.2

3.3

4.1

0.0 

0.5

5.0

5.5

7.0

0.3

6.1

5.3 

4.5

0.0

8.0

7.4 

0.5

5.0

4.7

4.5

4.2

5.0

0.8

8.0

7.9 

7.9

11.0

9.4

7.4

0.1 

5.3

4.7

4.4

Apr.

4.1

3.7

3.8

4.5

5.3

4.4

5.2

4.3

4.0

3.8

4.1

4.1

8.0 

11.9

7.8

5.0

4.7

4.1

4.0

3.8 

3.3

3.0

2.9

2.9 

2.7

2.7

4.1

4.5

4.1

3.0

3.2

2.9

2.7 

2.0

2.9

8.2

10.8

7.4 

5.0

4.4

May.

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8 

1.8

1.8

2.4

2.1

1.8

1.7

3.8

3.8

3.0 

3.0

2.9

2 7

3.0

4.4

0.0

5. 3 

4.1

3.0

3.2

2.7 

2.7

2.0

2.4

2.4

2.4

3.3

4.1

4.0

3.8 

3.3

2.7

2.7

2.0

2.7

2.4

2.7

3.0

June.

3.0

2.8

2.0

2.7

3.3 

3.3

2.8

2.5

2.9

3.5

3.0

2.7

2.4

? 4

27

3.2

4.0

2.9

2.4

2.2 

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9 

1.7

3.3

4.0

2.0

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.4

1.5 

1.4

2.7

2.4

2.3

2.2 

1.0

1.2

July.

2.8

2.4

1.9

1.7

1.5 

1.0

1.8

1.8

1.0

4.1

3.5

1.1

1.1

1.1 

1.0

2.4

2.0

4.2

5.1

5.9

5.1 

4.0

3.0

2.4

2.1 

2.0

2.1

1.8

1.0

1.0

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.1 

1.1

1 2

1.4

1.1

1.1 

1.3

2.3

2.0

Aug.

2.1

1.0

1.9

r.s

2.8 

2.5

2.1

1.7

1.0

1.4

1.3

2.5

1.9

1.3 

1.1

1.0

1.4

2.2

3.3

2.9

2,7 

2.4

2.2

1.0

1.2 

1.1

1.0

.6

.9

1.1

1.0

1.4

2.1

4.0 

3.0

2.9

3.9

7.4

0.3 

4.0

2.9

2.0

Sept.

0.8

1.1

4.1

9.8

10.5 

5.7

3.5

2.7

2.4

2.3

2.0

1.7

1.3 

1.2

1.2

1.9

3.2

2.6

2.3

1.7 

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.0

.8

.7

.4

.4

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3 

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3 

.5

.0

Oct.

0.8

.8

.8

.7

.8

.8

.9

.7

.0 

.0

.0

.5

.4

.4

.3

.0 

2.3

2.0

2.1

1.5 

1.2

1.0

.7

.6

.0

.0

.5

.4

.5 

1.0

0.8

5.3

3.3

2.3 

2.3

7.0

0.7

Nov.

2.0

2.5

2.8

0.8 

0.4

4.0

3.5

3.3

5.3

3.3 

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.0

1.4 

1.0

2.4

2.3

2.3 

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

1.9

1.8

1.9

1.7 

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.2 

1.2

1.3

Dec.

2.3

2.2

2.7

5.1 

4.5

3.0

10.3

1.4

3.0 

2.0

2.1

1.8

4.0

10.7

7.4 

4.2

4.2

5.1

5.0 

4.1

3.0

2.7

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.6

8.3 

9.6

0.7

5.0

4.2

4.7 

4.5

4.5

4.5

Eating table for Tennessee River at Knoxville, Tenn., for 1906 to 1908.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.00

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3,220

3,470

3,730

4,000

4,280

4,570

4,870

5,190

5.520

5,800

6,220

6,590

6,970

7,360

7,760

8,170

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

8,580

9,000

9,420

9,840

10,260

10,080

11,100

11,520

11,940

12,360

12,780

13,200

13,020

14,040

14,460

14,880

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.50

3.00

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5,20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

15,300

15,720

16,140

16,560

16, 980

17,400

18,240

19,080

19,920

20,760

21,600

22, 440

23, 280

24, 120

24,960

25,800

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

15.00

16.00

17.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

26,660

27,520

28,380

29, 240

30,100

34,400

38,900

43,600

48,500

53,700

59,200

65,000

71,000

77,000

83,000
118 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Monthly discharge of Tennessee Rircr at Knoxville, Tenn.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Drainage area. 8,990 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

July......................................

November

1908.

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

34,000 

19,500 

34,400 

22,900 

30. 100 

54,800 

26,700 

13,200

46, 000 

10,700 

29, 200 

45,000

54,800

82. 400 

72,200 

48,500 

53,200 

25,800 

17,400 

25,400 

31,800 

14,000 

30, 100 

22, 900 

49.000

82. 400

Minimum.

9,000 

7,760 

9,840 

11,100 

7,760 

8,580 

6,220 

5,860 

4,570 

4,280 

4.870 

6.590

4,280

13,200 

11,900 

14,500 

11,500 

10, 700 

5,860 

5,520 

4,000 

3,220 

3,220 

5,860 

6,590

3,220

Mean.

15,100 

12,100 

19. 800 

17.200 

14.200 

22, 600 

11,600 

8,330 

10, 300 

6,110 

12, 600 

13.900

13,700

26,200 

23,400 

26,700 

20,900 

14,500 

10,500 

9,830 

10, 800 

5,540 

8,590 

9,460 

19,300

15,500

Square 

mile.

1.68 

1.35 

2.20 

1.91 

1.58 

2.51 

1.29 

.927 

1.15 

.680 

1.40 

1.55

1.52

2.91 

2.60 

2.97 

2.32 

1.61 

1.17 

1.09 

1.20 

.616 

.956 

1.05 

2.15

1.72

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

1.94 

1.41

2.54 

2.13 

1.82 

2.80 

1.49 

1.07 

1.28 

.78 

1.56 

1.79

20. 61

3. 36 

2.80 

3.42 

2.59 

1. 86 

1.30 

1.26 

1.38 

.69 

1.10 

1.17 

2.48

23.41

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A.

TENNESSEE KIVER AT CHATTANOOGA, TENN.

This station is located at the Hamilton County highway bridge in 

the city of Chattanooga.

The gage, consisting of a sloping section made of railroad rails 

bolted to solid rock and a vertical section of heavy timber bolted to 

the vertical face of the rock cliff, was established in 1873 by the 

United States Army engineers, but since July 1, 1891, it has been in 

charge of the United States Weather Bureau, by whom gage heights 

are furnished to the United States Geological Survey.

Discharge measurements were made by the arnry engineers in 1891 

and 1892 and by the Weather Bureau in 1893, and have been continued by the United States Geological Survey since 1897. The data 

are of great value for scientific studies of run-off and for water-power 

estimates in connection with the great power possibilities below. A 

power plant is now under construction about 20 miles down the river, 

and the completed dam will raise the low-water surface several feet 

on the Chattanooga gage, thus destroying the usefulness of the gaging station.

Conditions for discharge measurements are good, as is also the station rating curve which has remained practically constant. The 

gage datum has, not been changed and the original iron sloping gage 

is the standard gage, although a recording gage is also used.
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 119

Daily gay e height, infeet, of Tennessee River at Chattanooga, Tenn., for 1907 and 190S.

Day.

1907. 

1.. ............

2

3...............

4...............

6. ..............

8

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

12.. .. .......

13..... .......

14...............

15...............

16. ..

17............... 

18...............

19...............

20...............

21 ...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25............... 

26...............

28

29...............

30

31...............

1908. 

1...............

2

3...............

4...............

5...... .....

6............

8

g

10...............

11...... .....

12............

13...............

14..............

15............... 

16...............

17............ .

18...............

19.............. 

20. ..............

21...............

22.

2±. ....'....'.'.'.'.'.'

25...............

26

27..............

28...............

29...............

30..............

Jan.

20.5

19 6

15.4

12.5

10.7

9.6

8.7

7.9

7.4

6.9

6.6

6.4

6.3

6.0

5.8

5.6

5.4 

5.3

5.1

5.1

5.6

6.6

8.0

7.3

6.6 

6.1

5.8

5.3

5.2

5.1

18.6

17.9

15. 6

12.0

10.7

13.5

15.5

13.7

12. 2

10.5 

9.5

12. 1

17.8

20.3

18.2

14. 2

12.3

11.4 

10.2

9 2

8.5

7. 7 

7.4

6.7

6.1

5.8

5.6

5. 6

6. 2

6.1

Feb.

5.0

11.2

10.1

9 1

9.5 

9.9

9.6

8.7

7.8

7.1

6.2

5.9

5.6

5.4

5.3 

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.8 

6.8

9.2

10.1

6.8

8.3

10.2

9.3

8.6

8.3

9.9

8.0

8.1 

9.4

9 4

9.0

11. 1

15. 7 

21.7

24.7

23.7

20.0 

15. 3

10.2

9.2

8.4

7.8

7.4

7.5

7.6

Mar.

10.4

12.3

17.2

18.4

16.9

14.5 

11.2

9.6

9.5

9.5

10.0

12.0

12.3

11.9

12.1

12.6

12.2 

11.5

10.6

9.3

8.4

7. 7

7.1

6.6

6.1

5.9

5.4

5.2

5.0

7.4

7.3

8.4

9.8

10.3

9.5

8.4

9 6

9.8

8.4

8.4

10.7

12.2 

12.8

9.4

8.5

7.9 

7.6

8.1

9.8

11.5 

13.3

15.9

16. 7

15.2

12.9

10. 8

9.3

Apr.

5.6

7.0

6.4

6.1

5.9 

8.6

11. 2

9.8

9.9

10.0

9.4

9.0

8.1

7. 1

6.7

6.5 

6.5

6.5

6.9

7.9

7.6

7.4

8.1

8.5 

8.5

8.5

8.7

7.8

7.3

7.3

7.6

13.4

14.3

11.0

9.0

8.0

7.4 

6.9

6.1

5.8

5.8 

6.0

6.3

6. 7

7.8 

8.2

7.3

7.0 

6.9

8.0

9.8

11.9

13.9

13 8

11. 7

May.

7.0

6.6

6.2

6.0

5.9

6.7 

7.9

9.6

11.8

12.3

12.5

19 9

10.0

8.9

8.2

8. 1

7. 5 

6.9

6.4

5.7

5.5

5.0

4.7

4.6

4.5 

4.4

4.4

4.5

4.5

4.4

4.4

10.3

9.8

9.6

9.2

9.5

9.6

10.0

10.4

11.2

11. 6

12 9

12.0

7.0

6.3

5.9 

5.6

5.2

4.9

4.8 

5.2

6.1

6.1. 

6.0

5.8

5.7

5.5

5 3

5.3

June.

4.5

5.9

6.1

7.9

8.7 

8.4

7. 7

8.1

9.8

13.0

13.5

11.4

9.9

11.2

10.3

15.3 

15.0

10.4

8.3

7.5

7.1

6.7

6.1

6.1 

6.9

7.0

6.8

7.1

5.4

5.5

5.5

5.3

6.1

6.1

6. 2

6.2

6.0 

5.8

5.6

5.3 

5.3

5.5

5.8

6. 1 

6.1

5.9

5. 6 

3.4

3.4

3.3

4.4

4.4

4.0

3.7

July.

6.3

5.8

5.6

5.0

4.6

4.5 

4.3

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.5

4.2

5.6

7.4

7.3

6.3 

6.2

6.2

4.9

4.6

4.5

4.2

3.8

3.8 

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.3

4.3

3.1

2.9

2.8

3.0

4.5

5.6

6. 6

6.9

7.3 

7.3

6.8

5.6

4.6

4.2 

4.3

4.5

4.3

4.0 

3.7

3.8

3.5 

3.1

3.0

o n

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.9

3.1

Aug.

5.8

5.8

4.5

4. 1

3.6

3.5 

3.5

3.0

3.0

2.9

3.0

3.5

4. 1

3.8

3.5

3.3

3.5 

3.6

3.6

3.4

4.0

4.2

4.1

4.1

3.8

3.9

3.6

3.2

3.0

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.1

2.8

3.2

4.1

4.2

4.7

5.2

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.6 

3.3

3.0

2.9

2.9 

2.9

n 4

4. 1

4.4 

7.3

7.7

5.6

5.6

5.7

7.1

6.8

4 9

Sept.

3.0

2.6

2.6

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.9

4.1

4.6

4.6

4.3

3.6

3.1 

2.7

2.6

2.1

2.1

2.1

3.7

8.4

10.2 

10.6

9.3

6.8

5.8

3.8

3 3

3.2

3.0

2.6

3.0

3. 7

4.2

4.9 

4.2

3.8

3.3

2.8

2.5 

2.3

2.0

2.0

2.0 

1.9

2.0

2.0

2.0 

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

Oct.

5.6

4.8

4.6

3.8

3.5

3.4 

3.6

3.9

3.8

3.6

3.3

3.1

2.9

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.2 

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0 

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2. 1

2 2

1.5

1.4

1.4

1. 4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.5 

1.7

2.1

2.4

2.4

2.6 

2.4

2 2

2.0

1.9 

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.5 

1.4

1. 4

2.2

3.7

5.0

3.8

3.2

3.5

Nov.

2.1

2.2

2.5

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.2

2.9

4.6

6.3

8.4

10.5

8.1

6.0

5.1

4.6

4.8

5.3

6.0

9.4

12.3 

13.6

13.3

12.1

Q '1

77

6.3

6.1

5.0

4.5

4.2

3.4

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.6 

2.5

2.6

3.4

3. 5 

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.9 

2.9

2.8

2. 7 

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

Dee.

4.8

4.5

4.2 

4.0

3.8

3.5

3.5

3.7

5.6

6.2

6.6

6.6 

6.7

6.4

5.9

5.6

5.2

5.8

6.5 

-.1

".8

-.0

14.6

2.3

2.4

3.2

4.8

5.1

4.9

6.1

10.3

14.0

13. 1 

11.3

9.0

7.6

7.9 

7.6

6.8

6.0

5.4 

5.0

4.7

4.6

7.4 

10.7

12.1

11.8

10.0

7.9

7.1

7 2

7.6
120 SURFACE WATER StTPfLY,

Rating table for Tennessee River at Chattanooga, Tenn.,for 1874 to 1908.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

8,960

9,350

9,750

10, 160

10, 580

11,010

11,450

11,900

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

12, 360 3. 90

12, 830 ! 4. 00

13,310

13,800

14, 300

4.10

4.20

4.30

14, 800 ! 4. 40

15,310

15, 820

16,340

16, 860

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

17, 390

17,920

18, 460

19,000

19, 550

20, 100

20, 660

21, 220

21, 790

22, 360

22, 940

23, 520

24,100

24, 690

25,280

25, 870

26, 470

27, 070

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.90

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft..

27, 680

28,300

29,550

30,820

32, 120

33,450

6. 00 ! 34, 800

6. 20 ! 36, 160

6. 40 37, 520

6.60 ; 38,880

6. 80 , 40, 240

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

9.00

41,600

42,960

44,320

45,680

47,040

48,400

55,200

Gage 

height.

Feet.

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

15.00

16.00

17.00

18.00

19.00

20.00

21.00

22.00

23.00

24.00

25.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

62,000

68,800

75,600

82,400

89,200

96,000

102, 800

109, 600

116,400

123,200

130, 000

136, 800

143, 600

150, 400

157, 200

164,000

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on 63 discharge 

measurements made during 1891 to 1906 and is well denned between gage heights 0 foot and 35.0 feet. Above 

gage height 6.0 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 680 per tenth.

Monthly discharge of Tennessee River at Chattanooga, Tenn.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Drainage area, 21,400 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

April......................................

July.......................................

1908.

April......................................

July.......................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

133,000 

70,200 

119,000 

70,200 

79,000 

98,000 

44,300 

33,400 

66,100 

32,100 

86,500 

93,300

133,000

132,000 

162,000 

108,000 

91,200 

77,000 

36,200 

43,600 

46,400 

27,700 

28,300 

36,800 

89,200

162, 000

Minimum.

28,900 

24,700 

28,300 

32,100 

24,700 

25,300 

18,500 

16,300 

12,400 

11,900 

11,900 

19,600

11,900

32,100 

40,200 

43,600 

33,400 

27,100 

18,500 

15,800 

15,800 

9,750 

8,960 

13,300 

13,300

8,960

Mean.

47,500 

41,800 

62,700 

47,200 

41,900 

52,800 

26,800 

21,100 

23,900 

16,400 

37,600 

34,500

37,800

71,000 

69,700 

62,800 

52,300 

45,000 

30,300 

24,600 

25,300 

15,500 

12,600 

18,200 

45,100

39,400

Per 

square 

mile.

2.22 

1.95 

2.93 

2.21 

1.96 

2.47 

1.25 

.986 

1.12 

.766 

1.76 

1.61

1.77

3.32 

3.26 

2.93 

2.44 

2.10 

1.42 

1.15 

1.18 

.724 

.589 

.850 

2.11

1.84

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.56 

2.03 

3.38 

2.47 

2.26 

2.76 

1.44 

1.14 

1.25 

.88 

1.96 

1.86

23.99

3.83 

3.52 

3.38 

2.72 

2.42 

1.58 

1.33 

1.36 

.81 

.68 

.95 

2.43

25.01

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

B! 

A. 

A.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A.
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 121

DAVIDSON RIVER NEAR DAVIDSON RIVER, N. C.

Davidson River, which empties into French Broad River near 

Davidson River, N. C., is a typical small mountain stream, rising 

very rapidly after a rain and falling almost as fast after it is over. 

The rapid fluctuation to which the stream is subject makes it difficult 

to catch the floods to measure flood stages which carry off a large per 

cent of the total flow. 0

The gaging station which was established May 19, 1904, at the 

request and by cooperation of Dr. C. A. Schenck of the Biltmore 

estate, for the purpose of studying the water resources and power 

possibilities of that section, is located at English bridge, about 2 

miles from Davidson River, N. C., and 500 feet from the mouth of 

Avery Creek. It is about 2 miles above the mouth of the river.

Discharge measurements of Davidson River near Davidson River, N. C'., in 1907

and 190ft.

Date.

1907.

July 16. ........

1908. 

July 18. ........

Hydrographer.

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

F. P. Thomas. .....................................

Width.

Feet. 

68

70

70

70

62

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

98

128

109

88

156

114

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.90

1.30

1.05

.72

1.62

1.08

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

68

151

93

34

275

109

Daily gage height, in feet, of Davidson River near Davidson River, N. C., for 1901

and 1908.

[Observer, Mrs. C. T. Rankin.l

Day.

1907. 

1...............

2...............

3............... 

4...............

6..... .........

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

18...............

19

20...............

Jan.

1.5

1.35

1.3 

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.2

Feb.

1.1

1.05

1.0 

1.25

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

Qr:

QS

.95

.95

Mar.

1.5

1.2

1.1 

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.0

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Apr.

0.95

. 9 

!9

Q

1.6

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

.95

1.0

.95

.95

.9

1.15

.95

May.

1.0

1.0

1.4 

1.45

1 2

1.15

1.35

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.0

.95

June.

1.9

1.25

1.25 

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.5

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

.95

.95

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

July.

0.85

.8

.8 

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.9

.8

1.3

1.1

1.0

.9

.9

.9

Aug.

0.8

.8

.8 

.8

.75

.85

.75

.8

.75

1.25

.95

.8

.9

.9

.9

g

q

.85

.8

Sept.

70

8 

8

-

8

75

9

85

75

75

75

75

75

75

Oct.

0 95

9

9

85

85

8

8

9

8

8

O

8

75

75

75

75

75

75

75

Nov.

0.75

1.1

.85 

.8

.8

.75

.75

(")

( 6 )

(b)

(»)

( 6 )

( 6 )

.75

1 2

.95

.8

Dec.

.95

.95 

.95

1.0

1.2

1.05

9

1.25

1.6

1.25

1.05

1.1

1.7

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.25

1.2

1.1

a All records of discharge at this station have been collected by engineers of the United States Geological 

Survey, and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, by Dr. J. H. Pratt, state geologist, in a bulletin entitled " Water powers of North Carolina."

b No record November 11 to 16.
122 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Davidson River near Daridson Rirer, A7. C.. for 1907 and

Continued.

Day.

1907.

22...............

23............... 

24...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29

30

01

1908.

9

3...............

g

10..............

12..............

13..............

17...............

1 fi

19...............

20. ..............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25............... 

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

Jan.

1.05

1.0

1.0 

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

.95

.95

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.35

1.3

1.2

1.1

2.0

2.1

1.65

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.35

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.2

1. 15

1.3 

1.15

1.25

1.15 

1.1 

1.1

Feb.

0.9

q

.9 

1.0

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.35

1.1

1 9

1.15

1.15

1.25

1.55

1.7

1.8

3.2

2.05

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.35 

1.4

1.3

1.35 

1.3

Mar.

0.95

.95

.9 

g

Q

1.05

.95

.95

.9

.9

1.0

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.45

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.4

1.3

1.75

1.8

1.55 

1.45

1.4

1.35 

1.25 

1.25 

1.25

Apr.

0.95

1.2

1.3 

1.2

1.1

1.05

1.2

1.05

1.0

1.0

j

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.7

1.45

1.35

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

2.25 

1.6

1.45

1.4 

1.35 

1.4

May.

0.95

.95

1.4 

1.0

1.0

1.4

1.0

.95

.95

1 2

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1 9

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.5

1.35

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.15

1.15 

1.15

1.25

1.15 

1.45 

1.3

1.2

June.

0.9

.9

.9 

.9

.9

.85

.95

1.0

.85

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.15

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.15

1.5

1.15

1.1

1.05

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.05 

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95 

.95

July.

.8

.8 

1.15

1.25

.85

1.05

g

.85

Q

95

1.0

1.25

1.8

1.4

1.45

1.35

1.3

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.1 

1.05

1.0

1.05 

1.0 

1.0

Aug.

0 9

.9

.9

.85

.8

.75

.75

.75

.95

.95

1.2

1.05

1.1

1.15

1.05

1.1

1.1

1.0

.95

.95

.95

.95

1.1

1.05

2.0

1.55

2.5

2.65 

2.0

1.65

1. 55 

1.45 

1.35

Sept.

0.7

.9

2.7 

1.05

.95

g

.85

1.3

1.15

1.0

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.65

1.45

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0 

.95

.95

1.2 

1.0 

1.0

Oct.

0.75

.75

.75

7C

7C

.75

.8

.75

.95

g

g

g

g

g

1 °.

1.2

1.0

1.0

.95

.95

.95

.95

g

.9

g

g

.9

1.8

1.3

1.15 

1.1

1.05

1.3 

2.3 

1.45 

1.3

Nov.

i 9<;

1.6 

1.6

1 3

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.15

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

.95

.95

Qa

.95 

.9 

.9

Dec.

1.5

2,1

1.4

1.25

1.75

1.2

9 9

.9

g

95

g

1.3

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

i *3

1 9n

1.2 

1.1

1.1

1.1 

1.1 

1.1

1.2

Rating table for Davidson River near Davidson River, N. C., for 1906 to 1908.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

32

44

60

79

100

122

147

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

176

210

250

295

345

400

460

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

520

590

660

735

815

895

985

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,075

1,170

1,265

1,360

1,460

1,560

1,660

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based upon 25 discharge 

measurements made during 1904 to 1909 and is well defined between gage heights 0.7 feet and 1.3 feet. 

Above gage height 1.3 feet it is based on one measurement at gage height 2.74 feet. Above gage height 

3.1 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 100 per tenth.
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 123

Monthly discharge of Davidson River near Davidson River, N. C., for 1907 and 1908. 

[Drainage area, 41 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

April......................................

July.......................................

ions.

July............ --....----....--...-..-...-

December

Discharge in s 

Maximum. Minimum.

210 

134 

210 

250 

193 

400 

147 

134 

985 

70 

295 

590

985

520 

1,460 

345 

025 

400 

210 

345 

940 

272 

COO 

134 

295

1,460

70 

60 

60

58

52 

44 

38 32

38 

38 

60

32

100 

100 

111 

100 

111 

70 

70 

70 

70 

60 

60 

60

scond-feet.

Mean.

101 

82.8 

85.5 

89.9 

108 

88.9 

60.4 

51.1 

82.7 

44.1 

84.7 

166

87.1

163 

237 

165 

156 

142 

102 

122 

185 

110 

114 

84.6 

106

60 141

Per

square 

mile.

2.46 

2.02 

2.09 

2.19 

2.63 

2.17 

1.47 

1.25 

2.02 

1.08 

2.07 

4.05

2.12

3.98 

5.78 

4.02 

3.80 

3.46 

2.49 

2.98 

4.51 

2.68 

2.78 

2.06 

2.59

3. 43

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.84 

2.10 

2.41 

2.44 

3.03 

2.42 

-1.70 

1.44 

2.25 

1.24 

2.31 

4.67

28. 85

4.59 

6.23 

4.64 

4.24 

3.99 

2.78 

3.44 

5. 20 

2.99 

3.20 

2.30 

2.99

46.59

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

a November 11-1(1, 1!)07, discharge interpolated. 

LITTLE RIVER AT CALHOUN, N. C.

This station is located at a wooden wagon bridge about one-half 

mile above the mouth of the river, which is tributary to French 

Broad River. The station was formerly used for making miscellaneous measurements, but on May 4, 1907, was equipped with a gage 

which was maintained in cooperation with the Forest Service for the 

purpose of studying the water resources of the section.

The current is rather slow at low stage and is also irregular, making 

conditions rather poor for accurate work.

The station was discontinued on June 30, 1908.°

Discharge measurements of Little River at Calhoun, N. C., in 1907.

Date.

July 16........

September ^1

Hydrographer.

Warren E. Hall. ....................................

.....do..............................................

.. ..do..............................................

.....do..............................................

Width.

Feet. 

42

36

OA

45

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

104

63

49 . 158

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9 no

1.20

.80

3.18

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

198

96

51

408

a \11 records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United States 

Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. Pratt, state 

geologist, in a bulletin entitled "Water powers of North Carolina."
124 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little River at Calhoun, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Observer, P. S. Shuford.]

Day.

1907. 

1...........

2...........

4...........

5...........

G...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

10...........

11...........

12...........

13...........

14...........

10..........

18...........

19

20..........

21...........

22..........

90

24...........

25...........

26. .........

27...........

28...........

29. ..........

30...........

31...........

Day.

1908. 

1.......... 

2..........

3..........

4

6..........

8.......... 

9.... . .

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14.......... 

]5..........

Jan.

i

Feb. Mar. Apr.

Jan.

3.0 

2.65

2.45

2.2 

2.7

2.45

2.5

2.3 

2.15

z.u

4.2

8.1

4.2

3. 55 

3.3

Feb.

1.9

?: 0

2.1

2.1

2.2 ... .

Mar.

2.65 

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.4

1.15 ! 2.35

Apr.

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0 

1.9

2 n

2. 1 2.3 2. 3

2.0 

2 4

2.9

3,5

3.9

4 5

5.8 

10.0

2.2 2.0

2.1 1.9

2.45 1.8

2.2 1.7

2. 1 1. 7 

2. 0 4. 2

May.

3.4 

3.2

3.0

2.7 

2.45

2.3

2.85

2.35

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.75 

1.7

May.

2.0 

1.8

1.8 

2.1 

1.9 

1.8 

1.7

1.8 

1.7 

1.6 

1.5 

1.6

1.6 

1.5

1.4 

1.4 

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

2.2 

1.5 

1.4 

1.35 

1.3

1.4

June.

1.5 

1.45

1.35 

2.5

1.7

1.55 I

1.45

1.55

1.5

1.45

1.5

1.6 

1.55

June.

3.25 

2.0 

1.7 

1.5 

1.5

1.4 

1.35

1.7 

1.45

1.7

1.45 

1.4 

1.3 

1.25 

1.25

1.2 

1.2 

1.15 

1.1 

1.1

1.15

1.1 

1.6 

1.3 

1.3

1.3 

2.3 

1.3 

2.0

July.

1.25 

1.20 

1.15 

1.1 

1.1

1.0 

.9 

.9 

.8 

.9

1.9 

1.3 

1.25 

1.3 

1.25

1.2 

1.15 

1.2 

1.2 

1.15

1.1

1.0 

.9 

1.3 

1.2

1.1 

1.0 

1.0

.0 

1.0 

1.0

Day.

1908. 

16.......... 

17..........

18..........

19.......... 

20..........

21..........

22.... . ...

23.......... 

24..........

25 ..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29.......... 

30.......... 

31 ..........

Aug.

0.9 

.9 

.9 

.8 

.9

.9 

1.0 

1.0 

.9 

.9

1.55 

1.2 

1.0 

1.0 

1.5

1.2 

1.0 

1.3 

1.2 

1.4

1.1

1.0 

1.0 

1.1 

1.0

.9 

.9 

.8 

. .8 

.8 

.8

Jan.

2.8 

2.6 

2.5 

2.3 

2.1

2.0 

2.0 

1.95 

1.9 

1.85

1.9 

1.85 

1.8 

1.9 

1.8 

1.8

Sept.

0.8 

.8 

1.0 

1.0 

.9

.9 

.8 

1.0 

.9 

.9

.8 

.8 

.8 

.8 

.8

.8 

.8 

.8 

.8

1.0 

5.4 

2.0 

1.3

1.1 

.9 

1.0 

1.4 

1.0

Feb.

8.4 

3.8 

3.7 

3.3 

3.1

3.0 

2.9 

2.8 

2.75

2.7

3.7 

3.5 

3.0 

2.8

Oct.

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

.9 

.9

1.0 

1.5 

1.1 

1.0 

1.0

.9 

.9

.8

.......

Mar. Apr.

j

2.0 3.4 

1.9 3.35 

1.85 2.75 

1.8 2.5 

2.35 2.4

2. 5 2. 25 

3.0 2.2 

4. 4 2. 15 

5.8 2.1 

4.1 5.2

3. 2 3. 4 

2. 75 3. 0 

2.55 2.9 

2.4 2.8 

2. 3 3. 6 

2.25

Nov.

1.5

".9

.9 

.9 

.S 

.8 

1.5

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0

.9 

.9 

2.85 

1.8 

4.2

3.4

2.6 

2.7 

5.2 

2.95

2.3 

2.0 

1.8 

1.5 

1.2

May.

1.7 

3.0 

2.0 

2.5 

2.1

1.85 

1.75 

1.7 

2.0 

1.9

1.75 

1.6 

1.55 

1.6 

1 1.7 

1 . 55

Dec.

1.4 

1.35 

1.3 

1.3 

1.45

1.3 

1.2 

1.9 

1.4 

4.4

3.0 

2.7 

3.6 

7.1 

4.5

3.15 

2.85 

2.5 

2.1 

2.0

1.95 

1.8 

8.2 

4.5 

4.1

3.5 

3.2 

2.5 

2.25 

4.5 

3.65

June.

1.5 

1.4 

1.3

L15

1.3

1.25 

1.25 

1.35 

1.3

1.25 

1.2 

1.15 

1.1 

1.1

!
TENNESSEE EIVEE BASIN. 125

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little River at Calhoun, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908.

Day.

1907.

2...............

3...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29. ..............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

-

Feb.

.......

.......

Mar. Apr. May.

199

171

171

214

185

171

157

171

157

143

131

143

143

131

119

119

107

107

107

107

107

101

230

131

119

113

107

119

June.

199

157

131

131

119

113

157

125

157

125

119

107

101

101

95

95

89

83

83

89

83

143

107

107

107

246

107

199

July.

101

95

89

83

83

71

61

61

51

61

185

107

101

107

101

95

89

95

95

89

83

71

61

107

95

83

71

71

61

71

71

Aug.

61

61

61

51

61

61

71

71

61

61

137

95

71

71

131

95

71

107

95

119

83

71

71

83

71

61

61

51

51

51

51

Sept.

51

51

71

71

61

61

51

71

61

61

51

51

51

51

51

51

51

51

51

46

71

199

107

83

61

71

119

71

Oct.

71

71

71

61

61

71

131

83

71

71

61

61

51

46

46

46

46

46

46

46

46

46

Nov.

46

131

71

66

61

61

61

51

51

131

71

71

71

71

61

61

61

343

171

298

316

36i

246

199

171

131

95

Dec.

119

113

107

107

125

107

95

185

119

370

316

400

343

280

214

192

171

410

280

238

NOTE. Discharge for September 20 to 21 and October 14 to November 1, 1907, estimated from comparison of gage heights of adjacent streams.

Day.

1908. 

1..........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

8..........

9

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

Jan.

370

307

271

230

271

199

Feb.

185

199

214

214

9O A

89

214

262

Mar.

307

298

289

280

246

214

971

214

199

Apr.

230

214

199

199

199

91R

199

178

171

157

157

May.

410

370

316

271

040

199

185

171

171

164

157

June.

131

125

119

113

280 |

157

137

125

119

137

131

125 '

131

143

137

Day.

1908. 

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21 ..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

9S

26..........

27 ..........

28

29..........

30..........

31... ......

Jan.

334

298

280

246

214

199

199

192

178

185

178

171

185

171

171

Feb.

370

352

334

316

370

334

Mar.

199

185

178

171

254

280

410

325

289

262

246

238

Apr.

325

280

262

238

222

214

370

352

334

May.

157

370

199

280

214

178

157

199

185

164

143

137

143

157

137

June.

131

119

107

95

89

107

101

101

107

101

95

89

83

83

NOTE. Daily discharges for 1907 and 1908 based on a well defined rating curve. From May 4,1907, to 

June 30,1908, the discharge was greater than 420 second-feet for all missing days.

NORTH FORK OF MILLS RIVER AT PINKBED, N. C.

This station is located at the wagon bridge in the village of Pinkbed, and is 1 mile above the junction of North and South forks. It 

was established May 18, 1904, and was originally maintained in
126 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

cooperation with the Biltmore estate, in whose forest reserves the 

drainage area lies. The data obtained are useful for water-power 

estimates and for general run-off studies, including those of the larger 

rivers below.

This is a small stream, very swift-running at most places. At the 

station the ordinary water stage is shallow with a relatively rough 

bed of loose rock, conditions which are not very favorable for accurate measurements or a constant rating curve.0

Discharge measurements of North Fork of Mills Rircr at Pinkbed, N. C., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907.

Do.........

July 15.........

1908. 

July 17. ........

Do.........

Hydrographer.

Warren E . Hall ....................................

.....do........................ .....................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

F. P. Thomas. .....................................

.....do..............................................

Width.

Feet.

35

35

32

37

40

40

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

25

25*?2

14

25

33

36

Gage 

height.

Feet.

O Q^

QC

.85

.56

.90

.85

.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

46

40

18

49

Daily gage height, in feet, of North Fork of Mills River at Pinkbed, N. C.,for 1907 and

1908.

[Observers, J. T. Davenport and R. K. Whitaker.]

Day.

1907. 

1...............

2...............

3............... 

4............... I:::::::::::;:::

7...............

Q

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16. ..............

18...............

19...............

20... ............

Z\... ............

22. ..............

23...............

24. ..............

25...............

Jan.

1.5

1.4

1.35 

1.25

1 2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1 i i

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

Feb.

1.0

1.0

1.0 

1.05

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

.95

.95

.95

.95

.95

.95

.95

.95

1.0

1.0

Mar.

1.0

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

.95

.95

.9

.9

.9

.9

Apr.

1.0

1.0

1.0 

1.0

.95

1.5

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.05

May.

1.1

1.05

1.7 

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1..05

1.0

1.1

1.1

June.

1.5

1.2

1.2 

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.3

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

.95

.95

1.0

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

July.

0.9

.9

.9 

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.85

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.9

Aug.

0.9

.85

.8 

.8

.8

.75

.7

.7

.7

.75

.75

.7

.7

.8

.8

.8

.8

8

.8

.8

.7

Sept.

0.65

.65

.65 

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.65

.65

.65

.65

2.3

.9

.8

Oct.

0.8

.75

.75 

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

Nov.

0.75

1.0

.8 

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

1.0

.95

.95

1.45

.95

1.0

1.2

1.1

Dec.

0.85

.8

.8 

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.85

1.2

1.15

1.15

.95

1.35

1.2

1.15

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

.9

2.5

1.4

1.25

a All records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United 

States Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. 

Pratt, state geologist, in a bulletin entitled "Water powers of North Carolina."
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 127

Daily gage height, in feet, of North Fork of Mills River at Pinkbed, N. C.,for 1907 and

1908 Continued.

Day.

1907

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

1908. 

1...............

2.... ...........

3...............

5.. .............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

278""!".""!".!!

29...............

on

01

Jan.

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.25

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.05

2.3

1.3

1.25

1 2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05 

1.05 

1.05

1.1

Feb.

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.1

1.4

1.6

1.8

3.4

2.7

2.2

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.5

1.35 

1.35 

1.3

Mar.

0.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

'1.11.1

1.1

1.1

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3 

1.25 

1.25

1.2

1.2

Apr.

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.15

1.15

1 1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.0

1.5

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05

2.25

1.4 

1.3 

1.25

1.3

May.

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.6

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.5

1.15

1.15

1.3

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05 

1.0 

1.1

1.1

June.

0.95

1.0

1.0

1.1

.9

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1,1

1.05

1.05

1.0

.9

1.0

1.05

1.0

.95

.95

1. OSLO

.95

.95

.9

.9

.9

.85

.85

.85

.85

.8 

.8

.8

.8

July.

0.9

.9

.9

.9

1.0

.9

.8

.8

.9

1.6

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.5

1.25

1.1

1.0

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.85

.85

.85

.85

1.15

.9

.85

.85

.85 

1.0 

1.1

1.35

1.1

Aug.

0.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.65

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.9

1.25

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

.95

.9

.9

.9

.9

.85

1.0

.9

.95

.95

1.5

1.3

1.7

2.3

2.1

1.7

1.5 

1.4

1.3

1.25

Sept.

.8

g

.9

.85

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

.95

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

9

.9 

1.1 

.9

.9

Oct.

0.7

.7

.7

g

.85

.85

.85

.85

1.15

1.0

.9

.8

.8

Q

.8

.8

Q

.85

1.9

1.4

1.15

1.1

1.05 

1.4 

3.1

Nov.

1.05

.95

.9

.85

1.45

1.3

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.15

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95 

.95 

.9

9

Dec.

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.7

1.3

9

.95

9 ^

.9

.95

1.8

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.7

1.25

1.2

1.15

1.15 

1.15 

1.1

1.1

1.15

Rating table for North Fork of Mills River at Pinkbed, X. C., for 1907 and 1908.

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

24

30

37

46

57

70

85

103

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

Discharge.

Ssc.-ft. 

125

150

175

200

225

250

280

310

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

340

370

405

440

475

515

555

595

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

640

685

730

780

830

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based upon four discharge 

measurements made during 1907 and one high-water measurement of 1906, and is fairly well denned.
128 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Monthly discharge of North Fork of Mills River at Pinkbed, N. C., for 1907 and 1908.

[Drainage area, 24 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

July......................................

1908.

July......................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

150 

70 

85 

150 

200 

150 

57 

46 

370 

37 

138 

440

440

370 

830 

114 

355 

175 

70 

175 

370 

150 

685 

138 

225

830

Minimum.

57 

52 

46 

52 

57 

46 

37 

27 

27 

30 

30 

37

27

57 

64 

70 

57 

57 

37 

37 

42 

46 

37 

46 

46

37

Mean.

73.3 

56.8 

54.7 

66.2 

86.3 

66.0 

44.8 

33.7 

42.7 

30.5 

45.7 

80.0

56.7

84.4 

160.0 

90.4 

90.7 

83.8 

51.1 

65.0 

94.9 

61.1 

89.4 

69.4 

78.1

84.9

Per 

square 

mile.

3.05 

2.37 

2.28 

2.76 

3.60 

2.75 

1.87 

1.40 

1.78 

1.27 

1.90 

3.33

2.36

3.52 

6.67 

3.77 

3.78 

3.49 

2.13 

2.71 

3.95 

2.55 

3.72 

2.89 

3.25

3.54

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.52 

2.47 

2.63 

3.08 

4.15 

3.07 

2.16 

1.61 

1.99 

1.46 

2.12 

3.84

32.10

4.06 

7.19 

4.35 

4.22 

4.02 

2.38 

3.12 

4.55 

2.84 

4.29 

3.22 

3.75

47.99

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C.

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c.

c.

0.

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c.

SOUTH FORK OF MILLS RIVER NEAR SITTON, N. C.

This station is located at a footbridge about- 1 mile below Sitton's 

mill, Sitton, N. C., and 1 mile above the junction of North and 

South forks.

It was established May 18, 1904, for the purpose of determining 

general rim-off data, and like the station on North Fork of Mills 

River was originally maintained in cooperation with the Biltmore 

estate.0

Discharge measurements of South Fork of Mills River near Sitton, N. C., in 1907 and

1908.

Date.

1907. 

Aprils. ........ 

Do.........

July 15. ........

Do.........

1908. 

July 17. ........

Do.........

Hydrographer.

Warren E. Hall. .................................... 

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

Warren E. Hall. ....................................

.... .do.... ......................................... .

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

Width.

Feet. 

50 

50

50

50

50

50

55

45

45

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

83 

83

83

83

66

68

85

85

87

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.22 

1.22

1 97

1.27

.91

.91

1.35

1.25

1.25

Discharge.

Sec.-fl. 

93 

91

90

91

34

36

105

98

94

a All records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United 

States Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. 

Pratt, state geologist, in a bulletin entitled "Water powers of North Carolina."
TENNESSEE KIVER BASIN. 129

Daily gageheight, in feet, of South Fork of Milk River near Sitton, N. C., for 1907 and 1908.

[Observer, W. E. Field.]

Day.

1907. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

5...............

6....."..........

7...............

8...............

9...............

11. ..............

12...............

13.......-...-.-.

14...............

15.....-....-.--.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

28...-.....-..-..

29...............

30.........--...-

31.......-....--.

1908. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

G. ..............

7...............

8.-.....-...-...

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15........--.-...

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.55

1 5

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.45

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.7

1.6

i ^

1.5

1.75

1.55

1 45

1.4

1.4

2 OK

3

1

2.2

1.85

1.75

1.7

1 ^^

1.5

1.5

1 T

1 1^

1.45

1.5

1.35

1.5

1 7^

1.35

1.3

1.3

Feb.

1 1.35

1.35

1.35

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.35

1.3

1 3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.35

 1 oc

1.3

1.55

1 45

1.65

1 4^

1.3

1.4

1.35

1 ^

1 1

1.3

1 1%

1.7

2.25

2 OK

6.1

2 Q

2

1 C

2

1

9 i c

2 n

2 A

1 9

1.85

1 £*;

1 R

1.7

1.75

Mar.

1.3

2.1

1.55

1 45

1.4

1.35

1 35

1.4

1.3

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.45

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.85

1.9

1 9

1.85

1.8

1 B

1.75

1.7

1 65

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.55

1 55

1.55

1 5

1 5

1 9

1 7H

1 65

1 95

2.2

1.9

1.75

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.5

Apr.

1.35

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.75

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.4

1.25

1.25

1.35

1.8

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.35

1.5

1 ^

1 4H

1.4

1.4

1 4=;

1.4

1.4

1.4

1 *}

1.3

1 3

1.85

1.65

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.35

2.6

2.05

1 fi

1.7

1.6

1.7

May.

1.35

1.3

2.2

2.15

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.65

1.6

1.55

1.6

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

9 K

1.75

1.55

1.50

1.45

1.6

1.6

1.5

1 ^

1.45

1 4^

1 75

1.7

1 T^

1.5

1.5

1 45

1 4f\

1.4

1.6

1.5

1.55

1.45

1.4

I

qc

1.4

1 ^

1.3

1.35

1 1

1.4

1.3

June.

2.3

1.85

1.7

1.0

1.55

1.5

1.45

1.6

1.5

1 E

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.35

1 *}

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.6

1.5

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.5

1 J.^

1.55

1.4

1.3

1 9^

1 ^

1 7

1 ^

1 1

1.25

1 ^

1 9

1.2

1 3

1 3

1 9^

1 9

1 9

1 9

1 9

1.35

1 9

1 9

1 7

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.05

July.

1.3

1.3

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.2

1.25

1.15

1.3

1.35

1.3

1.4

1.25

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.15

1 4

1.2

1.25

1.15

1 OT

1 *}

1.6

2.45

1 Q

1 ST

1 7^

2

1

1 B

1.55

1.45

1 3^

1 1

1 ^

1.4

1.25

1.2

1 9

11^

1 15

1.4

1.2

1.15

1 15

1 ^

1.6

1.5

1.35

Aug.

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.1

1.05

1.1

1.05

1.25

1.15

1.25

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.3

1.1

1.1

1 05

1.05

1.1

1.15

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.25

1.2

1 25

1.2

1.15

1.4

1.4

1 *}

1.3

1 9£

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.5

1 ^

1 1%

1.6

2.8

7 0

3.85

A Q

3

(\K

2 A

91=;

1.9

1.8

1.7

Sept.

0.95

.95

1.05

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.0

.95

.95

.95

1.0

.95

.95

.9

.9

.9

.95

4.10

1.3

1.15

1.1

1.05

1.35

1.4

1.2

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.45

2.35

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.5

1 45

1.4

1 ^

1 1

1 ^

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.2

1 9

1.2

1 9

1.15

1.15

1.25

1.2

Oct.

1.15

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.15

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

.95

.95

.95

.95

.95

.95

.95

1.05

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1 1 }

1.8

1 7

1.25

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1

1 9^

1.9

1 ^

1.45

1.4

1.65

2.75

2.3

2.0

Nov.

1.0

1.3

1.15

1 05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1 05

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.35

1.2

1.15

2.45

1.85

2.1

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1 1%

1 1

1.4

1.4

1 ^

1 1

1 1

1 1

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

Dec.

1 *)£,

1 9

1 9

1 9

1 9^

1 ^

1 9

1.1

2 1

1.5

1.45

1.4

1 S^

1.65

1.55

1.5

1 d^

1.35

1.35

3

1

2.1

1.85

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.5

2.45

2.0

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

2 7

1.75

1.45

1.4

1 ^

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

2.1

1.65

1.6

1.55

1.5

1 A^

1.4

1.45

1.55

21144 IRR 243 10 9
130 SUEFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1007-8. .

Rating table for South Fork of Mills River near Sitton, N. C., for 1907 and 1908.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

Discharge.

Sec. -ft.

35

51

68

86

105

125

146

168

191

215

240

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

Discharge.

Scc.-ft.

265

295

325

355

385

415

445

2. 70 ( 480

2.80

2.90

3.00

515

550

585

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3. .50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

620

660

700

740

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

780 5. 20

825

870

915

960

1,005

1,100

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

Discharge.

Sec. -ft.

1,200

1,300

1,400

1,500

1,600

1,700

1,800

1,900

2,000

2,100

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based upon 10 discharge 

measurements made during 1906 and 1907, and is fairly well denned between gage heights 0.9 feet and 1.7 

feet. Above gage height 2.2 feet the rating is the same as for 1906. Above gage height 4.1 feet the rating 

curve is a tangent, the difference being 50 per tenth.

Monthly discharge of South Fork of Mills River near Sitton, N. C., for 190? and 1908. 

JDrainage area, 40.5 square miles.]

Month.

January... 

February.. 

March.....

April......

May.......

June.......

July.......

August....

September. 

October....

November. 

December..

The year.

January... 

February.. 

March.....

April......

May.......

June.......

July.......

August....

September. 

October....

November. 

December.

1908.

The year.

Discha 

Maximum.

265 

146 

295 

215 

445 

355 

125 

105 

1,050 

77 

400 

020

1,050

620 

2, 050 

325 

445 

340 

115 

400 

1,150 

370 

498 

215 

480

2,050

"gc in second 

Minimum.

105 

86 

86 

86 

105 

96 

68 

51 

35 

43 

51 

68

35

105 

105 

146 

105 

105 

60 

60 

68 

77 

68 

86 

86

60

-feet. 

Mean.

139 

106 

113 

118 

165 

144 

92. 5 

66.8 

92.2 

52.9 

108 

178

Per 

square 

mile.

3.43 

2.62 

2.79 

2.91 

4.07 

3.56 

2.28 

1.65 

2.28 

1.31 

2.67 

4.40

115 2.91

183 

285 

195 

157 

146 

90.8 

137 

235 

131 

137 

120 

143

103

4.52 

7.04 

4.81 

3.88 

3.60 

2.24 

3.38 

5 80 

3.23 

3.38 

2.96 

3.53

4.03

Run-off 

(depth 

in inches 

on drainage area).

3.95 

2.73 

3.22 

3.25 

4,69 

3.97 

2.63 

1.90 

2.54 

1.51 

2.98 

5.07

38.44

5.21 

7.59 

5.54 

4.33 

4.15 

2.50 

3.90 

6.69 

3.60 

3.90 

3.30 

4.07

54.78

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C.

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c.

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c. 

c.

MUD CREEK AT NAPLES, N. C.

The station here, located at a wagon bridge one-half mile east of 

Naples, was established May 10, 1907, as one of the stations maintained in connection with the Forest Service investigations for the 

study of the water resources of the southern Appalachian Mountains.

The station was discontinued on December 31, 1907. a

cAll records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United 

States Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. 

Pratt, state geologist, in a bulletin entitled "Water powers of North Carolina."'
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 131

Discharge measurements of Mud Creek at Naples, N. C., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907.

July 17 ........

Do........

Do.........

Do.........

DgCGUllDGr ~\Q

Do.........

1908.

Hydrographer.

Warren E. Hall. ...................................

.....do.............................................

F. P. Thomas..........---.....----.---......-....

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

Width.

Feet. 

33

32

32

33

33

29

29

39

39

35

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

79

50

51

61

60

39

37

164

164

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.41

1.78

1.78

1 80

1.80

1.51

1.50

4.08

4.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

188

88

94

113

112

68

61

525

522

214

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mud Creek at Naples, N. C.,for 1907. 

[Observer, W. F. Byers.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4. ..............

6...............

7.. .............

8. ..............

9

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May.

2.4

2.65

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

3.9

3.1

2.4

2.2

2.2

3.0

June.

4.2

3.0

2.7

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.6

2.5

4.0

2.9

2.5

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.2

July.

2.1

2.1

2.3

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

2.0

2.0

1.9

Aug.

1.9

1.9

2.1

2.0

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.8

1 9

1.9

1.9

2.0

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.9

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.3

1.2

Sept.

1.2

1.3

1.7

1.8

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.8

1.7

1.6

2.2

1.6

1.6

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.5

1.3

4.0

3.2

2.0

1.8

1.2

2.0

2.2

1.8

Oct.

1.6

1.4

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.7

1.5

1.3

1.1

1.2

1.5

1.3

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.5

1.6

1.2

Nov.

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.8

1 9

1.8

1.6

1.7

1.5

1 9

3.0

2.7

2.0

4.0

3.6

6.0

5.3

3.6

3.4

2.8

1 9

1.7

1.5

Dec.

1.8

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.3

1 9

4.0

3.8

5.0

8.5

7.0

5.9

4.7

3.0

2.8

2.6

2 9

8 A

 6.0

5.0

4 9

3.0

3.0

3.5

5.0

4.9

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mud Creek at Naples, N. C.,for 1907.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4.. .............

5...............

6...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May.

190

June.

550

310

250

210

172

154

154

230

210

510

July.

136

136

172

154

120

106

94

94

82

82

Aug.

106

106

136

120

94

106

94

94

106

106

Sept.

37

45

82

94

62

53

62

94

82

72

Oct.

72

53

72

82

82

82

82

94

72

94

Nov.

45

37

37

45

62

72

53

72

72

120

Dec.

94

62

72

53

37

30

45

106

510

550
132 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mud Creek at Naples, N. C.,for 1907 Continued.

Day.

11...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

1Q

90

21...............

22...............

23...............

24.. .............

25...............

26...............

27..'.............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May.

240

190

172

154

154

154

154

136

136

136

120

120

120

120

490

330

190

154

310

June.

290

210

136

136

136

136

136

120

120

154

190

154

154

172

172

154

154

136

136

154

July.

82

94

94

94

94

94

94

120

106

94

94

94

82

82

94

82

82

82

120

106

Aug.

106

120

94

106

106

106

94

82

94

106

94

106

120

94

82

72

62

62

72

45

37

Sept.

154

72

72

37

37

45

30

37

45

62

37

45

510

350

120

94

37

120

154

94

Oct.

72

82

62

45

30

37

62

45

72

62

37

62

62

62

53

62

37

30

62

72

37

Nov.

94

106

94

72

82

62

106

310

250

120

510

430

910

770

490

390

270

106

82

62

Dec.

510

470

710

1,410

1,110

890

650

310

270

230

290

154

1.310

910

710

690

310

310

410

710

690

NOTE. The above daily discharges are based on a fairly well-defined rating.

SWANNANOA EIVEE AT SWANNANOA, N. C.

This station is located at the iron highway bridge one-fourth mile 

from the railroad station at Swannanoa. It was established May 

28, 1907, in connection with the special investigations of water 

resources and power possibilities in the southern Appalachian 

Mountains. The station is about 2 miles below the North Fork of 

the river and the same distance above Beetree Creek.

The discharge measurements are made from the highway bridge, 

where the bank, river bed, current, and other conditions are fairly 

good."

Discharge measurements of Swannanoa River at Swannanoa, N. C., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907. 

May 28. ........

July 12. ........

Do.........

Do.........

September 25. . . 

Do.........

1908. 

April 21........ 

March 19.......

July 21. ........

Do.........

Hydrographer.

.....do..............................................

B. M. Hall, jr. .....................................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

Warren E. Hall .................................... 

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

Warren E . Hall .................................... 

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

Width.

Feet. 

54

54

49

49

55

55

57 

60

50

50

Area of 

section.

Sq. ft. 

112

127

19ft

ion

103

107

109 

109

111

106

114 

135

OQ

90

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1 91

1 ftQ

1.36

1.37

1.48 

1.47

1.87

1.76

1.90 

2.27

1.51

1 49

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

84

134

130

47

V)

Kf\

66 

63

107

92

109 

196

58

56

a Records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United States 

Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey Dr. J. H. Pratt, state 

geologist, in a bulletin entitled "Water powers of North Carolina."
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 133

Daily gage height, in feet, of Swannanoa River at Swannanoa, N. C., for 1907 and 1908.

[Observer, AV. D. Fatten.]

Day.

1907.

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7. ..............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

16...............

17. ..............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25. ..............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

01

1908. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

5...............

6...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.0

1.9

1 9

1.9

2.1

1 9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

2.3

3.8

3.8

3.6

4.3

2.2

2.1

2.1

1.9

1 Q

1 Q

1.9

1.9

1 S2

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

Feb.

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.7

2.0

2.4

2.9

3.0

7.8

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.6

3.4

s n

2.8

2.4

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.1

Mar.

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.2

2.2

2.2

3.0

3.5

2.7

2.5

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

Apr.

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1 9

1 9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.9

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

3.4

2.7

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

May.

1.7

1.6

1.6

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.4

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

2.0

1.8

2.5

2.1

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.1

June.

2.5

2.4

2.7

2.5

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.8

1.9

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.6

2.45

2.7

2.5

2.3

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1 6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

July.

2.1

2.0

1.9

2.1

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.9

1.9

1.7

1.8

1.9

3.45

2.5

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

2.0

2.7

1.4

1.4

1.7

1.7

1.9

2.45

2.1

2.5

2.3

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

2.0

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.8

2.1

1.9

Aug.

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

2.1

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

2.0

2.2

4.4

4.2

3.6

3.0

2.8

2.4

2.2

2.1

Sept.

1.1

1.1

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

4.8

1.9

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.5

1.4

1.4

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

3.1

3.6

2.3

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

Oct.

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

2.8

3.0

2.8

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

6.7

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.4

2.8

3.8

3.0

2.9

Nov.

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5 '1.5

1.5

1.5

1.8

1.9

1.95

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.4

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

Dec.

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

2.7

2.0

1.8

1.7

2.7

2.6

2.5

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

1.8

1.8

3.05

3.0

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

2.5

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.3

2.3
134 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofSwannanoa River at Swananoa, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908.

Day.

1907. 

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

~16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25. ..............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

1908. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24. ..............

25. ..............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

138

120

120

120

158

120

120

120

102

102

202

180

158

158

120

120

120

120

120

102

102

102

102

88

88

88

Feb.

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

88

138

226

360

390

390

226

158

158

158

158

158

Mar.

158

158

1 *\ft

138

158

158

180

158

158

158

180

250

202

180

158

158

158

158

138

180

180

180

390

300

250

202

202

180

158

138

Apr.

138

138

120

120

120

102

102

102

102

102

88

88

120

180

158

158

138

138

120

120

120

102

300

226

202

180

158

May.

88

74

74

88

138

138

120

120

120

226

138

138

138

120

120

102

102

102

88

138

102

250

158

120

120

120

120

120

120

180

180

202

202

158

June.

250

226

300

250

180

138

158

158

138

138

120

120

120

102

102

88

88

88

74

102

120

226

180

180

275

238

300

250

202

138

138

102

102

120

102

102

102

102

102

88

88

88

74

74

74

74

74

74

74

74

62

62

62

62

62

52

52

July.

158

138

158

120

102

102

88

88

88

88

120

120

88

102

120

250

158

138

138

102

102

102

88

74

74

74

74

138

300

52

52

88

88

120

158

250

202

138

120

102

102

120

120

88

74

62

62

62

62

62

138

88

88

74

74

74

102

158

120

Aug.

74

62

62

62

62

62

52

88

62

62

62

74

62

52

62

52

52

88

62

62

52

52

52

62

52

52

44

36

36

30

36

88

88

120

120

120

120

102

158

120

102

102

88

88

74

88

88

88

88

88

74

138

180

390

330

226

180

158

Sept.

30

30

44

qc

36

44

44

36

52

52

44

36

36

36

36

36

36

36

30

30

30

120

62

52

44

62

52

52

158

138

120

120

202

158

138

138

120

120

102

74

62

62

74

74

88

74

74

74

62

74

74

62

62

62

62

52

Oct.

52

52

52

52

CO

52

CO

44

36

36

36

36

36

36

36

36

36

36

36

30

30

30

36

36

36

44

44

36

36

62

62

62

52

52

52

52

52

330

390

330

138

102

102

88

74

74

74

74

74

74

74

330

390

360

Nov.

36

30

30

30

36

36

44

44

52

52

52

52

52

52

52

62

62

62

102

120

129

138

120

120

102

102

88

62

250

226

202

202

158

158

138

138

120

120

120

138

226

158

138

120

120

120

120

102

102

102

102

102

88

88

88

88

88

Dec.

R9

52

52

CO

52

52

CO

62

62

Ofjfi

138

102

88

300

97 >;

250

88

74

74

74

390

360

330

300

275

102

102

405

102

102

102

88

88

88

250

180

138

120

120

138

138

120

120

102

102

102

102

102

102

250

226

202

158

138

138

138

138

202

202

NOTE. Daily discharge for 1907 and 1908 based on a rating curve which is well defined between gage 

heights 1.3 feet and 2.5 feet. Beginning May 28, 1907, the discharge was greater than 400 second-feet for 

all missing days.
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 135

IVY RIVER AT DEMOCRAT, X. C.

Ivy River rises on the western slopes of the Great Craggy Mountains, near Yeates Knob, the headwaters being at an elevation of 

about 5,000 feet above sea level, and flows in a general westerly 

direction, joining the French Broad about 1\ miles above Marshall. 

Its drainage area comprises about 164 square miles.

The gaging station, which is located at Democrat, about 18 miles 

west of Asheville, N. C., was established May 26, 1907, in connection 

with the study of the water resources of the Southern Appalachian 

Mountains. The station is about 4 miles above West Fork.

The banks are high and the bed is rocky and rough. The current 

is irregular and the flow is disturbed by a mill above.

The station was abandoned at the end of 1907."

Discharge rneasurements of Ivy Hirer at Democrat, N. C., in 1907.

Date.

May 27......... 

July 11.........

Do.........

llydrographer.

Warren E. Hall. . .................................. 

.....do..............................................

F. P. Thomas ......................................

Width.

Feet. 

CO 

55

55

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

114

87

87

94

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.00 

.89

.89

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

81

58

51

Daily gage height, in feet, of Ivy River at Democrat, N. C.,for 1901 

[Observer, W. II. Maney.]

Day.

1...............

2 ....

3......... .....

4...............

5...............

6...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13..............

14........... ...

15. .............

10...............

17.... ... ..

19.... ........

20...............

21...............

22

24............... 

25...............

20.... .. ..

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May.

1.0

1.0

9

.9

1.0

June.

1.7

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.4

1 2

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.2 

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.6

1.4

July.

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.1 

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.3

1.1

Aug.

1.0

.9

.9

.9

.9

g

.9

.9

.9

.8

.9

1.0

.9

.9

.8

.8

1.0

.9

.8

0

.9

.8

.7

.8

.9

Sept.

0.7

.7

.7

.9

.8

.8

.9

.7

.6

.7

.9

.6

.6

.8

0 Q

1.1

1.0

.8

.8

.8

1.0

.8

Oct.

0.8

g

.8

.8

.8

.7

.7

.7

7

.8

.7

.7

.7

0

.8 

.8

.8

.9

.9

.8

.8

Nov.

0.7

.9

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.9

.8

.8

.8

1.0

.9

.9

1.1

1.0

' 1.3 

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

Dec.

0.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.7

.8

1.0

1.7

1.3

1.0

1.0

1.7

1.3

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.9

1.4

" All records of discharge at (his station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United 

States Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. 

Pratt, state geologist, in a bulletin entitled " Water powers of North Carolina."
136 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Ivy River at Democrat, N. C.,for 1907.

Day.

1...............

2. ..............

3...............

4...............

6...............

7. ............ ..

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16. ..............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23. ..............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May.

70

70

55

55

70

June.

88

88

88

70

70

88

70

88

July.

88

70

70

70

55

55

70

88

88

88

70

70

88

88

70

70

70

70

88

Aug.

70

70

55

EC

55

CC

55

43

55

70

55

43

43

70

43

43

55

43

43

32

32

43

Sept.

32

32

32

32

43

32

32

55

43

43

55

32

32

32

55

32

32

32

43

70

43

43

43

70

43

Oct.

43

40

43

43

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

32

43

32

32

32

43

43

43

32

43

55

55

43

43

Nov.

32

43

JO

43

43

43

70

55

55

43

43

43

70

55

55

70

88

70

70

70

70

55

55

Dec.

43

40

43

qo

32

70

70

70

70

70

88

88

88

NOTE. The above daily discharges are based on an approximate rating curve. Beginning June 5 the 

discharge was greater than 90 second-feet for all missing days.

PIGEON RIVER AT CANTON, N. C.

Pigeon River rises among the Balsam and Pisgah mountains, 

cuts its way through the Unaka Mountains, and joins French Broad 

River on the Tennessee Plain. It drains an interior agricultural 

basin which is oval in outline, the longer axis northwest, parallel to 

the general course of the stream, and almost entirely within the 

Appalachian Mountain region. It- is circumscribed by lofty mountains, with many peaks more than 6,000 feet in altitude. Many 

minor ranges springing from the surrounding mountains converge 

toward the middle of the basin, dividing it into deep, narrow valleys, 

except near its upper end, between the towns of Canton and Waynesville, where there is a broad open valley of alluvial plains and rolling 

hills, dotted with low mountains.

The basin has an area of about 667 square miles.

The soils are loams and sandy loams, mostly fine grained, derived 

from gneiss and schists, though in the mountains they are more 

siliceous and coarser, being the product of metamorphosed sandstones, quartzites, and conglomerates.

The gaging station, which is located at the wagon bridge about 

1,000 feet above the railroad bridge of the Southern Railway at
TENNESSEE EIVER BASIN. 137

Canton, N. C., was established May 25, 1907, in cooperation with the 

Forest Service for the purpose of studying the water resources and 

power possibilities of the southern Appalachian Mountains.

Discharge measurements are made from the single span highway 

bridge, where the flow is confined between the bridge abutments. 

The current is rather sluggish and at low stages is possibly affected 

by a low dam about one-fourth of a mile below.a

Discharge measurements of Pigeon River at Canton, N. C., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907.

Do.........

October 29

1908.

July 23.........

Hydrographer.

F. P. Thomas..... .................................

.....do..............................................

O. P. Hall. . ........................................

Warren E. Hall........... ..........................

F. P. Thomas ......................................

Width.

Feet. 

129

119

119

110

129

130

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

298

240

247

261

419

381

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.07

2.60

2.58

3.05

2.88

Discharge.

Scc.-ft. 

274

141

144

105

246

186

Daily gage height, infect, of Pigeon River at Canton, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Observer, J. D. Holtsclaw.]

Day.

1907.

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15............... 

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

24...............

25. ..............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

29..... .... ...

30...............

31...............

Jan.

.......

Feb. Mar. Apr. May.

3.1

3.15

3.05

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.2

June.

3.5

3.2

3.1

3.05

3.0

3.0

3.35

3.2

3,15

3.05

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2 9

2.9

2.9

2 9

2.9

2 9

2.9

3.0

3.15

3.0

2.9

2.95

3.1

3.0

2.9

.......

July.

2 9

3.05

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2 7

2.7

3.05

2.9

2.9

3.0 

3.2

2.9

3.0

2.95

2.9

2.8

2.7

9 7

2.75

2.8

2.7

2.7

2 7

2.7

2.7

2.7

Aug.

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.75

2.65

2.6

2.6 

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

Sept.

0 r

2.5

9 ^

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.65

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5 2.5-

2.5

2.5

9 x.

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.75

6.1

3.15

2.85

2.75

2.7

2 9

3.2

2.85

Oct.

2.8

2.8

9 7^

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.' 5

9 e

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2 5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.6

Nov.

2.6

2.65

9 8

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.65

3.05

2.85

2.75

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.75

2.8

3.85

3.2

3 25

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

Dec.

2 9

2.85

0 Q

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.9

3.85

3.2

3.1

3.05

3.1

3.4 

3.25

3.2

3.15

3.05

3.0

3.0

3.0

4.8

3.65

3.5

3.4

3.2E

3.2

3.2

4 0

4.1

a- All records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United States 

Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. Pratt, state 

geologist, in a bulletin entitled, " Water powers of North Carolina."
138 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Pigeon River at Canton, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908 Con.

Day.

1908. 

1... ............

2. ... ..

3............... 

4...............

5...............

6..... ....... .

7.. ........... .

8........... ...

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16. ..............

17............. .

18...............

19...............

20............. .

21 ...............

22... .........

23.............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... ?1

Jan.

3.8

3.6

3.3 

3.4

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.35

3.3

3.3

4.5

4.6

3.9

3.7

3.55

3.5

3.45

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.25

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

3 1

3.25

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.3

Feb.

3.25

3.2

3.2 

3.25

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.35

3.75

3.95

4.3

7.7

4.4

4.1

3.9

3.7

3.55

3.5

3.45

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

Mar.

3.3

3.3

3.3 

3.35

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.45

3.35

3.3

3.3

3.8

3.4

3.35

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.95

3.7

3.5

4.2

4.1

3.8

3.65

3.6

3.55

3.5

3.4

3.35

Apr.

3.3

3.25

3.2 

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.15

3.1

3.1

3.05

3.0

3 0

3.0

3.0

3.25

3.45

3.45

3.4

3.35

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

5.2

3.85

3.75

3.65

3.5

3.45

May.

3.4

3.4

3.4 

3.4

3.35

3.3

3.65

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.35

3.3

3.3

3.25

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

June.

3.0

3.0

3.0 

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.3

3.1

3.05

3.0

3.3

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

July.

2.9

2.9

2.95 

3.1

3.65

3.55

3.35

3.25

3.15

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.05

3.0

2.9

3.05

2.9

2.9

2.85

2.8

2.8

2.85

3.05

2.9

3.15

3.05

2.95

2.9

Aug.

2.8

2.8

2.8

3.05

 ? ^

 ? ?

 ? n

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.95

3.05

3.15

3.6

3.95

3.4

4 9

4.4

3.8

3.65

3.5

3.35

3.3

Sept.

3.2

3.2

3.15

3.7

3.5

3.4

3

oe

1 o

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2 9

2.9

2.9

2 9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

Oct.

2.8

2.8

2.8 

2.8

2.7

2.7

3 9

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.05

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.95

5.0

4.0

3.7

3.65

3.6

3.95

4.6

4.1

3.95

Nov.

3.9

3.8

3.75

3.55

3.45

3.4

3.4

o ot

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.25

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

Dec.

0 1

3.1 

3.1

3 1

4.8

1 Q^

3 err

3.65

3.55

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3 9

3.6

o AK.

3.4

3.4

3.35

3.3

3.45

3.45

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pigeon River at Canton, N. C., for 1907 and 1908.

Day.

1907.

3...............

5. ..............

6.. .............

9...............

11...............

13...............

14...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24..... .........

25. ..............

26. ..............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

.......

.......

Feb. Mar. Apr. May.

265

282

250

235

235

300

June.

300

300

265

250

235

235

300

282

250

235

235

235

205

205

205

205

205

205

205

235

282

235

205

220

265

235

205

July.

205

250

265

205

175

175

175

175

150

150

150

250

205

205

235

300

205

235

220

205

175

150

150

162

175

150

150

150

150

150

150

Aug.

125

125

125

125

125

125

125

125

125

125

125

162

138

125

125

150

138

125

125

125

125

125

138

125

105

105

105

105

105

105

Sept.

105

105

105

105

105

138

125

105

105

105

105

105

105

105

105

125

162

282

190

162

150

205

300

190

Oct.

175

175

162

150

150

150

150

125

125

125

115

105

105

105

105

10.5

105

105

105

105

105

105

105

105

1,50

138

125

125

Nov.

125

150

]25

125

125

138

250

190

162

125

125 19^;

125

125

125

162

175

300

300

235

205

205

205

Dec.

205

190

175

175

150

150

150

300

265

265

300

282

250

235

235

235

300

300

(See note at foot of table on next page.)
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 139

Daily discharge, in second feet, of Pigeon River at Canton, N. G.,for 1907 and 1908-

Continued.

Day.

1908. 

1...............

3. ..............

6. ..............

9

10...............

11...............

12...............

1 0

14...............

15.-.........----

16...............

17...............

18............... 19..:............

20. ..............

21...............

22. ..............

23.. .............

24. ..............

9<^

26. ..............

27...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

300

265

265

265

265

265

Feb.

300

300

265

265

Mar. Apr.

300

300

300

282

265

ocn

235

9^

ooc

300

300

onf)

May.

300

300

300

300

265

265

265

265

265

265

235

235

235

235

235

June.

235

235

235

235

265

282

300

265

265

265

235

235

235

282

250

235

235

235

235

235

205

205

205

205

July.

205

205

220

265

282

265

265

265

250

235

205

250

205

190

175

175

190

250

205

282

250

220

205

Aug.

175

175

175

205

250

(

235

175

175

175

205

205

205

205

205

220

250

282

Sept.

300

300

282

265

300

265

235

235

235

235

235

205

205

205

205

175

175

175

175

175

175

175

175

Oct.

175

175

175

175

150

150

138

125

300

300

300

265

265

235

235

235

235

205

220

Nov.

300

300

300

300

265

265

265

265

265

265

Dec.

265

265

265

265

265

NOTE. Daily discharge 1907 and 1908 based on a well-defined rating curve. Beginning May 25, 1907, 

the discharge was greater than 320 second-feet on all missing days.

PIGEON RIVER AT NEWPORT, TENN.

This station is located at the highway bridge in the eastern part 

of Newport, 1 mile from the railroad station and 300 feet above the 

railroad bridge of the Southern Railway.

 The station was originally established September 4, 1900, but as 

the gage was damaged a number of times the records were not continuous until after December 14, 1902. The station was discontinued 

on December 31, 1905, but on December 1, 1906, the United States 

Weather Bureau began reading the gage and since that time has 

furnished the gage heights to the United States Geological Survey. 

The chain gage formerly used by the Geological Survey is the one 

now used by the Weather Bureau, and the datum has remained the 

same.

The section at the station is rather poor for discharge measurements, 

and a water power on the river 1 mile below the station would possibly affect the low water flow in case the pond should be considerably lowered.0

a All records of discharge at this station have been collected by engineers of the United States Geological 

Survey, and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. Pratt, state geologist, 

in a bulletin entitled "Water powers of North Carolina."
140 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Discharge measurements of Pigeon River at Newport, Tenn., in 1906 and 1907.

Date.

1906. 

May 24. ........

1907.

Hydrographer.

O. P. Hall. .........................................

Warren E. Hall ....................................

Width.

Feet. 

186

137

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

608

949

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.34

1.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

663

696

Daily gage height, in feet, of Pigeon River at Newport, Tenn., for 1906 to 1908.

Day.

1906. 

1..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

6..............

8..............

Dec.

1.8

1.7

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.0

1.8

Day.

1907. 

1.............

2....... .....

3.............

4.............

5... ..........

6............. 

7.............

8...............

9...............

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14. ............

15.............

16.............

17.............

18.............

19.............

20...............

21.............

22. ............

23.............

24.............

25............. 

26.............

27.............

28.............

29.............

30.............

31.............

1908. 

1.............

2.............

3.............

5.............

6.............

7.............

8.............

9.............

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14

15...............

Jan.

3.0

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.0

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.5

1.5

1.5 

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

3.0 

2.5 

2.3 

2.0 

4.3

3.3 

3.0 

2.5 

2.3 

2.2

2.0 

7.0 

4.2 

3.4

2.8

Day. Dec. Day.

1906. 1906. 

9.............. 1.7 17..............

10.............. 1.7 18..............

11.............. 2.0 19..............

12.............. 1.9 20..............

13.............. 1.8 21....... ......

14.............. 1.7 22..............

15.............. 1.7 23..............

16.............. 1.7 24..............

Feb.

1.6

2.0

1.9

1.7

2.6

2.3 

2.0

1 9

1.9

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.6

1.8 

1.7

1.9

1.7

3.0 

2.5 

2.2 

2.0 

2.4

2.3 

2.0 

2.0 

1.9 

2.0

2.0

2.2 

2.7 

3.0 

6.9

Mar.

1.7

1.9

2.4

2.1

1.9

1.8 

1.5

2.4

2.2

2.3

2.8

2.4

2.2

2.3

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.7

1.7

1.6 

1.7

1 9

1.7 

1.6

1.5

1.8

2.0 

2.5 

2.6 

2.5 

2.4

2.4 

2.3 

2.4 

2.4 

2.3

2.2 

3.5 

3.0 

2.7 

2.5

Apr,

2.1

1.8

1.7

1.7

l.C

1,8 

1.9

1.8

2.1

1.8

1 9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.7

2.1

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.3

2.1 

2.0

2.2

2.0 

2.2

2.0

3.2 

2.2 

2.2 

2.1 

2.0

2.2 

2.1 

2.0 

1.9 

1.9

1.8 

1.7 

1.7 

1.7 

1.8

May.

2.0

1.9

2.1

3.0

2.6

2.3 

3.2

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

1 9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.6 

1.6

1.6

1.5

2.4 

2.2 

2.1 

2.0 

2.0

1.9 

2.1

2.4 

2.1

2.1

2.0 

1.9 

1.9 

1.8 

1.8

June.

1 9

2.2

1 9

1.8

1.7

1.6 

1.5

3.4

2.8

2.2

2.4

2.0

1 9

1 9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.8

1-9 

1.7

1.6

2.0 

3.7

2.0

1.7 

1.6 

1.5 

1.8 

1.7

1.8 

1.8 

1.7 

1.6 

1.5

1.7 

1.6 

1.5 

1.5 

2.2

July.

1.8

1.6

1.8

1.7

1.8 

1.6

1.4

1 Q

1.4

1.4

l ft

1.6

1 9

1.7

1 9

1.7

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.5 

1.3

1.3

1.3 

1.2

1.8

1.4

1.3 

1.4 

1.5 

1.4 

1.8

2.1 

2.6 

3.0 

2.2 

2.2

1.9 

1.7 

1.6 

1.7 

1.5

Dec.

1.7

2.8

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.1

1.8

Aug.

1.4

1.3

1.1 

1.0

1.1

1.3

1.6

1.6

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

i ^

1.5

1.8 

1.5

1.0 

1.2

1.1

9

1.3 

1.2 

1.2 

1.5 

1.5

1.8 

2.0 

2V 2 

1.9 

1.8

1.7 

1.5 

1.4 

1.3 

1.3

Day.

1906. 

25 .............

26..............

28..............

29

30..............

01

Sept.

0.9

.9

2.6

.9

.9

1.0 

1.0

1.3

1.3

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.1

1.0

.9

1.6 

1.5 

1.4 

1.3 

1.3

2.6 

1.7 

1.5 

1.4 

1.3

1.3 

1.2 

1.2 

1.2 

1.1

Oct.

.......

1.0 

1.0 

.9 

.9

.9

.9 

1.0 

.9 

1.0 

3.0

1.7 

1.6 

1.2 

1.0 

1.0

Dec.

1.8 

1.8 

1.9 

3.4 

3.2 

3.6

Nov.

"~i.~2~ 

1.1 

1.0 

1.5

2.2 

1.7 

1.6 

1.5 

1.4

1.3 

1.3 

1.4

1.9 

1.8

1.9 

2.2 

2.1 

3.9 

2.7

2.3 

2.0 

1.8 

1.7 

1.6

2 

2 

2 

1

1

1 

1 

1

1 

1

1 

1 

1 

1 

1

.4 

1 

.0 

.9

.7

.6 

.6 

.6 

.5 

.5

.6

.7 

.6 

.6 

9

Dec.

1.6 

1.5 

1.4 

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2 

1.4 

1.5

1.7

2.5 

1.9 

1.7 

1.9 

2.3

2.2 

2.0 

2.0 

1.8 

1.7

1.6 

1.7 

1.8 

2.6 

2.0

2.0 

1.9 

1.8 

1.9 

2.4 

3.5

1.6 

2.1 

1.6 

1.5 

1.6

1.5 

5.3 

3.9 

3.2 

2.4

1.9 

3.6 

2.6 

2.4 

1.9
TENNESSEE EIVEE BASIN. 141

Daily gage height, in feet, of Pigeon River at Newport, Tenn.,for 1906 to 1908 Cont'd.

Day.

1908. 

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29. ..............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

2.4

2.9

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.0

1.9

Feb.

4.5

3.5

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

Mar.

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.3

3.5

3.2

5.7

4.0

3.2

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.4

Apr.

2.6

2.2

2.0

1 9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.9

4.0

2.9

2.6

2.4

2.2

May.

1.7

2.0

1.9

2.4

2.5

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.7

2.0

l.S

1.9

2.3

1.9

June.

2.0

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.8

1.5

1.5

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

July.

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.2

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.4

1 9

1.5

1.5

Aug.

1.2

1 "*

1.8

1.5

1.7

1.5

3.1

3.0

2.8

2.9

3.3

2.4

2.1

1.9

1.8

1.7

Sept.

1.1

1.0

1.0

Q

9

1.0

9

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.9

1.5

1.4

Oct.

1.0

1.0

Q

1.0

1.2

3.2

1.9

1 S

1.5

1.5

3

n

3.2

2.7

Nov.

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

i Q

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.3

Dec.

2.0

1 0

1 8

1 9

1.6

1.5

1.6

9 S

2.6

9 ^

9 "*

2.2

2.7

2.5

2.7

Rating table for Pigeon River at Newport, Tenn.,for 1905 to 1908.

Gage

height.

Feet.

0.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.00

1.70

1.80

1.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

300

345

400

460

525

593

665

740

820

910

1,010

1,110

Gage

height.

Feet.

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,220

1,340

1,460

1,590

1,720

1,860

2,000

2,140

2,290

2,440

2,600

2,760

Gage

height.

i Feet.

i 3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,930

3,100

3,280

3,460

3,640

3,830

4,020

4,210

4,400

4,780

5,170

5,570

Gage

height.

Feet.

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

5,970

6,370

6,770

7,170

7,580

8,000

8,420

8,840

9,260

9,690

10, 130

10,570

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on dischagre 

measurements made during 1904 to 1907 and is fairly well defined between gage heights 1.6 feet and 4.5 

feet.

Monthly discharge of Pigeon River at Newport, Tenn.,for 1906 to 1908. 

[Drainage area, 655 square miles.]

Month.

1906.

1907.

July... ....................................

December

1908.

May................. .....................

July.......................................

The vear. ...........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,640

2,600 

2,000 

2,290 

1,720 

2,930 

3,830 

1,220 

1,010 

2,000 

4,210 

3,460

10,600 

10,400 

7,790 

4,400 

1,860 

1,460 

2,600 

3,100 

2,000 

2,930 

1,720 

6,970

10.600

Minimum.

910

740 

595 

740 

820 

740 

740 

525 

345 

300 

400 

525

1,110 

1,110 

1,220 

910 

910 

595 

525 

525 

345 

345 

460 

740

345

Mean.

1,380

1,090 

967 

1,260 

1,170 

1,370 

1,230 

823 

597 

529 

1,100 

1,120

2,210 

2,180 

2,340 

1,440 

1,250 

848 

912 

1,170 

576 

848 

836 

1,820

1,370

Per 

square 

mile.

2.11

1.66 

1.48 

1.92 

1.79 

2.09 

1.88 

1.26 

.911 

.808 

1.68 

1.71

3.37 

3.33 

3.57 

2.20 

1.91 

1.29 

1.39 

1.79 

.879 

1.30 

1.2S 

2.78

2.09

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area. )

2.43

1.91 

1.54 

2.21 

2.00 

2.41 

2.10 

1.45 

1.05 

.48 

1.50 

1.97

3.88 

3.59 

4.12 

2.46 

2.20 

1.44 

1.60 

2.06 

.98 

1.50 

1.43 

3.20

28.46

Accuracy.

B.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B.

A. 

A.

B!

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B.
142 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

NOLICHUCKY RIVER NEAR GREENVILLE, TENN.

Nolichucky River is formed by the junction of Toe and Caney 

rivers about 8 or 9 miles east of the Tennessee state line. The river 

flows almost due north for several miles, then turns toward the northwest and flows in a deep gorge through the Unaka Mountains into 

Tennessee, where, preserving its general westerly direction, it finally 

enters French Broad River about 7| miles southeast of Morristown. 

The whole area is subject to sudden and violent rains, producing great 

floods, while in the winter the ice moving downstream sometimes 

forms ice dams, which do a great deal of damage.

The rainfall over the basin is about 51.2 inches per annum. The 

tributaries, like the main stream, rise near the summits of mountain 

chains and flow over rocky and precipitous beds through narrow valleys.

The fall of the river, although less than might naturally be expected 

in a stream draining so high and mountainous an area, is considerable. The total fall between the junction of the North and South 

Toe and Embreville is about 850 feet in a distance, following the 

course of the river, of about 40 miles, an average of about 21 feet to 

the mile. Throughout this part of its course the river flows in a 

gorge with steep and rocky sides and the fall per mile is large. About 

1 \ miles below the mouth of Caney River, where the stream is about 

200 feet wide, there is a fall of 25 feet or a little more in half a mile.

The gaging station is located at Jones Bridge, 5 miles southeast of 

Greenville and one-half mile below Camp Creek. It was established 

May 7, 1903, for obtaining general run-off data.

The station was discontinued December 31, 1908.ffl

Daily gage height, in feet, of Nolichucky River near Greeneville, Tenn.,for 1907 and 1908.

[Observer, B. H. Jones.]

Day.

1907.

2...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

Jan.

2.8

2.25

1.7

1.6

1.45

1.4

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

.95

.95

.9

Feb.

0.7

.85

9

.9

1.1

1.2

1.0

.9

.9

.85

.85

.8

.7

.7

.7

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

Mar.

1.35

1.9

2.0

1.9

1.7

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.4

1.4

2.8

2.15

1.75

1.6

1.7

1.75

1.5

1.35

1.3

1.2

Apr.

0.9

.9

.75

.7

.7

.75

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.3

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.7

May.

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.5

1.65

1.4

1.9

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.25

1.15

1.1

1.0

.95

.9

.85

.8

.75

June.

0.8

3.5

3.2

2.9

2.1

1.7

1.4

1.55

3.6

2.75

2.25

2.0

1.7

2.4

2.0

1.7

1.5

1.15

1.1

1.0

July.

1.1

.95

1.05

1.0

.8

.75

.7

.65

.6

.6

.55

.65

1.8

1.45

1.55

1.4

1.15

1.2

2.15

1.2

Aug.

0.75

.65

.55

.5

.5

.45

.55

.75

1.0

.75

.55

.5

.45

.4

.35

.3

.35

.5

.75

.5

Sept.

0.3

.3

.5

.6

.55

.45

.4

.4

.6

.55

.5

.8

.5

.45

.35

.3

.35

.35

.4

.5

Oct.

0.7

.6

.5

.5

1.2

1.05

.8

.7

.65

.6

.5

.5

.45

.4

.4

.4

.35

.35

.4

.35

Nov.

0.3

.3

.4

.55

.4

.4

.4

.35

.35

.35

.3

.4

.35

.3

.3

.3

.6

.6

.65

.7

Dec.

0.7

.65

.6

.55

.5

.45

.4

.45

.5

.65

1.6

1.15

.95

.8

.9

1.4

1.1

.9

.7

.7

o All records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United States 

Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. Pratt, state 

geologist, in a bulletin entitled " Water powers of North Carolina.'!
TENNESSEE EIVEE BASIN. 143

Daily gage height, in feet, of Nolichucky River near Greeneville, Tenn., for 1907 and

1908 Continued.

Day.

1907. 

21...............

29

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

1908. 

1... ............

2

4............

5...............

6. ..............

7...............

8............... 

9...............

10...............

11...............

12.... .

13...............

14...............

15...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

22

23...............

24...............

26...............

27............... 

28............... 

29............... 

30...............

01

Jan.

0.9

.8

.8

.75

.65

.65

1.9

2.3

2 2

1.75 

1.6 

1.35

1.0

9 1

4.2

2.8

2.2

1 95

1.85

1.65

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.25 

1.0

1.05

1.35 

1.3 

1.1 

1.1

g

Feb.

0.6

.6

.55

.55

1 35

1.3

1.35

.9

.85

.95

1.1

1.2 

1.2 

1.1

1.1

1.35

2.65

3.2

4.9

3.8

2.8

2.0

1.85

1.55

1.4

1.3 

1.2

1.4

1.2 

1.2 

1.1

Mar.

1.15

1.05

1.0

.95

.9

.85

.8

.8

.75

.75

.75

1.8

2.2

2.1

1.95

1.8

2.3

2.25 

2.2 

1.9

1.7

1.55

2.0

2.7

2.2

1.9

1.65

1.6

1.65

1.65

2.6

2.6

2.5

4.0 

3.3

2.5

2.1 

1.9 

1.7 

1.65

1.5

Apr.

1.4

1.2

1.5

2.2

1.7

1.2

1.4

1.55

1.35

1.35

1.45

2.1

1.55

1.45

1.4

1.35 

1.25 

1.2

1.2

1.1

2.1

1.0

1.0

.95

1.4

2.2

1.75

1.6

1.45

1.25

1.15

1.1

1.0 

1.15

5.0

2.8 

2.0 

1.8 

1.55

May.

0.7

.65

.65

.65

QC

.85

.65

.65

.55

.55

1.55

1.3

1.2

1.15

1.45 

2.1 

1.55

1.4

1.3

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.3

1.9

1.6

1.3

1.3 

1.0

1.0

1.3 

1.35 

1.35

2.1

1 9

June.

1.0

.95

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.0

1.1

.9

1.45

1.45

1.1

.9

1.1

1.25

1.0

.9 

1.1 

.95

.9

.8

.7

.7

2.2

2.0

1.3

1.0

.9

.8

.9

1.0

.95

1.0

.7 

.55 

.55 

.5

July.

1.0

.85

.75

.65

.6

.85

.65

.55

1.5

.9

.5

.65

1.0

1.0

1.25

2.0 

4.3 

2.25

1.9

1.4

1.05

.9

.9

1.0

.8

.7

.7

.55

.55

.5

1.0 

.7

.6

.5 

1.0 

1.25 

1.2

1.45

Aug.

0.55

.5

.65

.9

1.0

.8

.7

.45

.4

.4

.9

.65

.65

.85

1.25 

1.0 

1.25

1.1

.85

.8

.6

.5

.5

.45

.45

.55

.55

1.15

.65

.7

.9

1.0 

1.45

5.5

2.5 

1.7 

1.4 

1.2

1.0

Sept.

0.95

.9

3.00

3.45

1.75

1.2

.9

.8

.8

.8

.9

.8

.65

.8

.7 

.7 

.75

.6

.55

.45

.45

.4

.35

.35

.3

.3

q

.3

.3

.25 

.2

.2

.2 

.2 

.3 

.5

Oct.

0.35

.35

.3

.3

.3

0

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.35

or:

.2

.2

.2

.15 

.15 

.2

.15

1.8

.5

.45

.3

.3

.3

.25

25

.25

6.8 

2.5

2.0

1.45 

1.2 

2.3 

3.5

2.45

Nov.

0.6

.65

.9

1.6

1.7

1.3

1.0

.9

.85

.75

2.0

1.65

1.45

1.3

1.05

1.0 

.9

g

.9

1.2

g

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.9-

.8

.7

.65

.65 

.6 

.6

Dec.

0.65

.65

.8

2.2

1.45

1.1

1.0

.95

.9

1.5

3.1

.9

g

.85

.85

2.6 

3.0 

2.45

1.45

1.55

2.0

1. 65

1.65

1.5

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.65

3.1

2.2 

2.0

1.8

1.7 

1.5 

1.0 

1.7

1.8

Rating table for Nolichucky River near Greeneville, Tenn., for 1906 to 1908.

Gage

height.

Feet.

0.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

Discharge.

Gage

height.

Sec.-Jt. ' Feet.

550 1.60

640 , 1.70

735 1.80

835

940

1.060

1.90

2.00

2.10

1.180 2.20

1.310 2.30

1,450 2.40

1,590 ! 2.50

1,740 2.60

1,900 | 2.70

2,060

2,230

2,400

2.80

2.90

3.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,580

2,760

2,950

3,140

3,340

3,540

3,750

3.960

4.180

4,400

4,620

4,840

5,060

5,280

5,500

Gage

height.

Feet.

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

5,720

5,940

6,160

6,380

6,600

6,820

7,040

7,260

7,480

7.700

8,140

8,580

9,020

9,460

Gage

height.

Feet.

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

fi.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

9,900

10, 340

10, 780

11,220

11,660

12,100

12,540

12,980

13, 420

13, 860

14,300

16,500

18.700

20,900

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based upon three discharge 

measurements made during 1906 and the general form of previous curves. Above gage height 2.3 feet the 

rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 220 per tenth.
144 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Monthly discharge of Nolichucky River near Greeneville, Tenn.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Drainage area, 1,100 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

July......................................

December. ................................

1908.

April.....................................

May......................................

July......................................

December. ................................

The year. ...........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,060 

2,140 

5,060 

3,750 

3,140 

6,820 

3,640 

1,590 

6,490 

1,900 

2,760 

5,720

6,820

18,900 

9,680 

7,700 

9,900 

3,540 

3,750 

8,360 

11,000 

1,450 

13,900 

3,340 

5,710

18,900

Minimum.

1,120 

1,000 

1,240 

1,180 

1,000 

1,310 

1,000 

735 

735 

735 

735 

835

735

1,450 

1,310 

2,400 

1,520 

1,590 

940 

940 

888 

640 

595 

1,060 

1,380

595

Mean.

1,860 

1,380 

2,210 

2,000 

1,680 

2,920 

1,600 

1,060 

1,440 

935 

1,130 

1,630

1,650

3,160 

3,040 

3,590 

2,660 

2,210 

1,580 

1,850 

1,860 

923 

1,950 

1,570 

2,620

2.250

Per 

square 

mile.

1.69 

1.25 

2.01 

1.82 

1.53 

2.65 

1.45 

.964 

1.31 

.850 

1.03 

1.48

1.50

2.87 

2.76 

3.26 

2.42 

2.01 

1.44 

1.68 

1.69 

.839 

1.77 

1.43 

2.38

2.05

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.95 

1.30 

2.32 

2.03 

1.76 

2.96 

1.67 

1.11 

1.46 

.98 

1.15 

1.71

20.40

3.31 

2.98 

3.76 

2.70 

2.32 

1.61 

1.94 

1.95 

.94 

2.04 

1.60 

2.74

27.89

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B.

1:

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B.

NORTH TOE RIVER AT SPRUCE PINE, N. C.

North Toe River rises on the western slopes of the Blue Ridge, in 

the northwestern part of Mitchell County, N. C. Its course is circuitous, first. to the southwest, then to the west, and then to the 

northwest, and it unites with the South Toe on the line between 

Mitchell and Yancey counties. The headwater region is very 

rough, with steep mountain slopes and narrow valleys sparsely 

populated. The tributaries as far down as Spruce Pine flow directly from the mountains in narrow gorges. They are for the most 

part short streams with great fall but with little water. Powers of 

considerable magnitude, however, can be developed on these streams, 

for although the amount of water carried by each is small, the fall 

obtainable in a short distance is large.

The gaging station, which is located at a suspension footbridge 

about 600 feet west of the railroad station at Spruce Pine, was established June 19, 1907, as one of the stations maintained in cooperation 

with the Forest Service for the purpose of getting run-off and waterpower data in the southern Appalachian Mountains. The station 

is one-half mile below Beaver Creek, which is a small stream.

Discharge measurements are made from the footbridge, where the 

current is partly sluggish and the bed is sandy and probably shifting, 

making rather poor conditions for measurements.

The station was discontinued July 1, 1908.°

o All records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United States 

Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. Pratt, state 

geologist, in a bulletin entitled " Water powers of North Carolina."
TENNESSEE EIVEE BASIN. 145 

Discharge measurements of North Toe River at Spruce Pine, N. C., 1907.

Date.

JUDG 1Q

Do.. .......

Hydrographer.

Warren E. Hall. ....................................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

B.M. Hall, jr.. .....................................

Width.

Feet.

85

82

82 

82

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

220

186

186 

181

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.98

.98

.79

.79 

.81

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

248

154

151

IPS

Daily gage height, infect, of North Toe River at Spruce Pine, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908.

[Observer, P. A. Rose.]

Day.

1907. 

1...............

o

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

9...............

10...............

12...............

10

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

21...............

22...............

93

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Day.

1908. 

1...........

2...........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

g

10...........

11...........

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

Jan. Feb.

Jan.

1.0

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0

1.2 

3.0 

1.0

1.0 

1.0

Feb.

1.2 

l.C 

1.6 

1.6 

1.6

1.6 

1.6 

1.6

1.8 

2.5

2.8 

1.8

1.8 _. _

Mar.

1.3 

1.4 

1.4

.4 

.3

.5 

. 5 

. 5 

1.4 

1.3

"l.2

1.5 

1.3

1.8 1.4 

......' 1.3

Mar.

Apr.

1.2 

1.3 

1.2 

1.2 

1.2

1.1 

1.1 

1.1

1.1 

1.1

1.1 

1.1 

1.0

1.0 

1. 1

Apr.

May.

1.2 

1.2 

1.2 

1.1 

1.1

1.1 

1.4 

1.2 

1.2 

1.1

1.1 

1.1

1.05

1.0 

1.0

May. June.

"i

...... -------

June.

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.1 

1.1

1.1 

1.1 

1.1 

1.0 

1.1

1.0 

1.0 

1.0

1.0

1.5

1.0 

1.0

1.1

1.0 

1.1 

1.2 

1.0

1.1 

1.1 

1.3 

1.2 

1.1

July.

l.l 

l.l 

l.l 

1.0 

1.0

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0

1.0 

1.0 1.1

1.2 1.1

1.1 1.1 1.1

1.0 

1.0

1.1 1.1

.9 

1.0 

1.0

.9 

.9 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0

Day.

1908. 

16...........

17...........

18...........

19........... 

20...........

21...........

22...........

23...........

25...........

26.. ......... 

27...........

28...........

29

30...........

51. ..........

Aug.

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

.9

.9

.8 

.8 

.8 

.9

.9 

1.0

.8 

.8 

.8

.8 

1.1

.8 

.8 

.8

.8

.8 

.8 

.8 

.8

.8 

.8 

.8 

.8 

.8

Jan.

1.4 

1.2 

1.0 

1.2 

1.1

1.0 

1.0 

1.1 

1.1 

1.2

1.2 

1.3 

1.2

1.2

1.1

Sept.

0.8

.8 

.8 

.8 

.8

.8 

.8 

.8 

.8

.8

1.8 

1.0 

.9 

.9

.8

.8 

.7 

.7 

.7 

.7

.7 

.7 

5.8 

2.1 

1.1

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0

Feb.

1.9 

1.6 

1.5 

1.3 

1.2

1.2 

1.3 

1.2 

1.2 

1.2

1.2 

1.1 

1.1 

1.1

Oct.

0.8 

.8 

.8 

.8 

1.1

.8 

.8 

.8 

.8 

.8

.8 

.8 

.8 

.8 

.8

.8 

.8 

.8 

.7 

.7

.7 

.7 

.7 

.7 

.7

.7

.8 

.8 

.8 

.8

Mar.

1.2 

1.2 

1.2 

1.2 

1.2

1.3

1.3 

1.4 

l.C 

1.3

1.3 

1.2 

1.2 

1.2 

1.2

Apr.

1.6 

1.3 

1.3 

1.3 

1.1

1.1 

1.05 

1.05 

1.0 

1.7

1.6 

1.4 

1.4 

1.3 

1.2

Nov.

0.8 

.9

.8 

.8

.7

.7 

.7 

.7 

.7 

.7

.7

.7 

.7

.7 

.7

.7

.8 

.8 

.8 

.8

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0

.9 

.8 

.8 

.8 

.8

May.

1.0 

1.1 

1.0 

1.4 

1.1

1.2 

1.1 

1.1 

1.1 

1.1

1.1

1.1 

1.1 

1.1 

1.3 

1 1

Dec.

0.8 

.8

.8 

.8 

.8

.8 

.8 

.8 

1.4 

1.2

1.0 

1.1 

1.1 

1.5 

1.4

1.2 

.9 

.9 

.9 

.9

.9 

1.0 

1.8 

1.4 

1.2

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.5 

1.3

June.

1.2 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

1.0

1.1 

1.0 

1 3 

LO 

1.1

1.0 

1.0 

1.0 

.9 

.9

9iiM rnn 9/13 in in
146 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of North Toe River at Sorucc Pine, N. C., for 1907

and 1908.

Day.

1907. 

1. ..........

2........ ..

3...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

10........ ..

11...........

12...........

13......... .

14...........

15........

10. ........ .

17......... .

18...........

19...........

20. . ...

21...........

22...... .

23. ..........

24. .....

25...........

26...........

27...........

28....... .

29...........

30...........

31...........

Day.

1908. 

1..........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10.......... 

11..........

12..........

13..........

14. .........

15..........

Jan

26

26

26

9,6

26

9,6

26

.

0

0

0

o

0

Fan.

'

Feb.

Feb.

......

Mar.

Mar.

::::::

Apr.

320

320

320 

320

320

260

260

Apr. May.

May. June.

...... 260

...... 260

320 320

3 90 3^0

...... 320 [

260 [

320 | 320 

320 260

320 260

290 260

260 260

June.

260

260

320

| 960

260

320

320

Day

1908

18.....

19

21 .....

24.....

25..... 

26.....

28. ....

29. ....

Jul>

3?

39

39

9fi

?.C

9f

26

96

26

26

26

2f

32

3g

32

V

32

2C

2f

S9

32

2(

26

20

20

2(

2f

2f2e

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

n

0

5

J

Au

2

2

2

?

2

2

1

 1

1

?

9

9

1

1a

i"i

i

i

i

i

1

i

i

1

i

i

1

an.

?,60

 wo

g60

60

60

60

05

05

60

60

60

05

05

60

60

60

60

60

?.n

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

on

60

60

60

Fe

3

3

Se

b.

90

?,0

?0

pt.

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

96(1

905

905

160

160

190

1?0

190

120

120

190

390

960

9fiO

960

960

260

Ma

(

r.

3ct.

160

160

160

160

320

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

160

160

160

160

160

Apr.

320

320

290

290

260

Nov.

160

205

160

160

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

120

160

160

160

160

260

260

260

260

205

100

160

160

160

May.

260

320

260

320

320

320

320

320 

320

320

320

320

320

Dec

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

260

320

320

205

205

205

205

205

260

260

260

260

260

June.

260

260

260

260

320

260

320 

260

260

260

205

205

NOTE. Daily discharges 1907-8 based on a fairly well denned rating curve. On missing days June 19, 

1907, to June 30,1908, the discharge was greater than 350 second-feet except on days when the gage was not 

read.

HOLSTOX RIVER DRAINAGE BASEST. 

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

The areas drained by Holston River comprise the basins of the 

North, South, and Middle forks of that stream, the Watauga, and 

the Noliclmcky, including parts of southwestern Virginia, eastern 

Tennessee, and western North Carolina. The river is one of the 

largest of the streams which help form the great Tennessee River. 

It rises along the western slopes of the Blue Ridge, in Smyth and
TENNESSEE EIVEE BASIN. 147

Bland counties, Va., in three forks, known as the North, Middle, and 

South forks.

The physical conditions of the drainage basin vary greatly, the 

character of the country ranging from the gently rolling plain of the 

South and Middle Forks, with its smooth, rounded, and grass-covered 

hills, to the grandest and mightiest mountain masses to be found east 

of the Rocky Mountains, such as the Unakas and the Black Mountains, 

with their numerous peaks rising more than 6,000 feet above sea level, 

and with steep and rocky slopes still clad in virgin forest. There are 

wide variations in the soil and in the general geologic conditions and 

structure, considerable variation in temperature and rainfall, and 

still wider variations in the character of the streams of the area, which 

include the brawling mountain torrents fed by perpetual springs, the 

puny wet-weather streams of the slate country, and the subterranean 

streams of the limestone regions.

One of the distinguishing characteristics of the whole basin drained 

by Holston River is the occurrence of small closed basins or sinks, 

which are found in great numbers on the low divides between the 

various tributary watersheds. They are so numerous, in fact, that 

in many localities it seems impossible that any of the rainfall over 

areas of a square mile or more can find its way into the streams. 

Certainly there are no channels visible, and in many places water 

was seen standing in pools from 50 to 100 feet in diameter, indicating 

that there is no subterranean passage through which the water finds 

its way to the streams. Other sinks are dry except after heavy rains. 

In some places the farmers have rendered the bottoms of these 

natural basins impervious, and the collected water is used for cattle.

Springs are numerous over all the basin, ranging in size from a 

discharge of several cubic feet per second to less than a gallon per 

minute. Many of the smaller streams seem to be fed entirely from 

this source. In this connection may be noted the fact that a number of streams which at some point in their course sink below the 

surface of the ground, after flowing there for distances varying from a 

few yards to half a mile or more reappear on the surface. Some streams 

were noted which, while discharging no water into the main stream, 

carried a considerable quantity a short distance above their mouths, 

the water sinking gradually into the earth as the river was approached. 

It is said that the Middle Fork loses a quantity of its water in this 

way, and from the character of the country rock, this seems by no 

means improbable.

Little definite information can be given regarding the annual rainfall in this basin, but it is well known that throughout the region 

there is no lack of moisture, showers frequently falling on the mountains when there is not a cloud over the valley. The rainfall in the 

valley to the west is between 40 and 45 inches per annum, and that 

on the mountains is certainly greater.
148 SUKPACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1907-8.

SOUTH FORK OF HOLSTON RIVER NEAR CHILHOWIE, VA.

The South Fork of Holston River rises on the western slopes of the 

Blue Ridge, in Smyth County, Va., between the slopes of the Brushy 

Mountains on the north and the Iron Mountains on the south. It 

is formed by the junction, in a broad stretch of valley land, of Slemp 

and Cressy creeks, and flowing in a general southwesterly direction 

is joined by the Middle Fork about 6 miles southeast of Abingdon, 

Va. The stream below this junction and until the junction with the 

North Fork is still known as the South Fork. Below the latter 

junction it is known as Holston River.

The headwaters of the South Fork are at an altitude of about 

2,900 feet, the elevation at the junction being about 1,800 feet. The 

altitude at the junction of Slemp and Cressy creeks is about 2,575 

feet. The distance between the latter junction and the junction 

with the Middle Fork is about 29 miles in a straight line, and the 

average slope of the country about 27 feet to the mile. Following 

the course of the river, however, this distance is about 36 miles, and 

the average fall between 21 and 22 feet to the mile.

Although the basin is, broadly speaking, a plateau, it is not to be 

inferred that it has not some very sharply marked mountain ridges. 

The axes of these ridges extend in a northeast-southwest direction, 

approximately parallel to the course of the principal streams, and 

the buttressing spurs of the Iron and Stone mountains serrate the 

southern edge with a series of high and jagged ridges. Away from 

these, however, the country is composed of a series of low, broad 

swells and wide, flat valleys, all of the slopes being gentle and covered 

with grass not unlike the famous blue grass of Kentucky.

The gaging station, which is located 4^ miles south of Chilhowie, 

was established June 10, 1907, to obtain data for use in determining 

the water resources and power possibilities of the southern Appalachian Mountains, also for supplying run-off data on the upper 

Holston drainage where no stream gaging work had previously been 

done.

Discharge measurements are made from a suspension foot bridge 

where the current is good ordinarily but rather sluggish at low stage.

Discharge measurements of South Fork of Holston River near Chilhowie, Va., in 1907

and 1908.

Date.

1907.

1908.

July?.. ........

Do.........

Do.........

Hydrographer.

Warren E. Hall ................... ................

B. M. Hall, jr ......................................

.... .do. .............................................

Warren E. Hall ....................................

F. P. Thomas ......................................

.....do..............................................

Warren E. Hall ....................................

Width.

Feet. 

80

79

80

85

80

80

80

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

9HA

195

236

236

007

OQ7

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1 Af\

.68

.57

1.07

1.08

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

OQC

97

68

187

199

187
TENNESSEE EIVEE BASIN. 149

Daily gage height, in feet, of South Fork of Holston River near Chilhoivie, Va., for 1907

and 1908.

[Observer, P. Cole.]

Bay.

1907. 

1...............

2... ............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12........ .....

13...............

14...............

15...............

16........ .....

18...............

19

20...............

21...............

22........ ....

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

1908. 

1...............

3...............

6...............

1...... .........

8...............

9...............

10...............

12...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

21...............

22.. .... ......

23...............

24....... .......

25........ ......

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1.4

1.1

1.0

1 ^

1 **

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

9

4.0

1.8

1.6

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

g

Feb.

0.9

g

.8

.8

g

1.0

1.0

g

.9

.9

g

1.1

1.8

2.2

1.7

1.4

1 3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

Mar.

1.1

1.6

1.5

1.3

2.1

1.8

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

Apr.

.......

1.3

2.5

2.6

1 9

1.3

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

g

.9

g

g

.9

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.7

g

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.0

.9

May.

0.9

.9

.9

.8

.8

.8

1.1

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.8

.9

.8

.8

.8

.8

.9

.8

1.0

1.0

.9

1.1

q

June.

1.4

4.4

2.6

3.0

4.1

2.6

1.9

1.6

1.4

1.3

1 2

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.8

.9

.8

.8

.8

.8

1.2

1.9

1.4

1.1

1.0

.9

.9

.8

.8

.8

.7

1.1

.9

.8

.8

.7

.7

.7

1.2

1.0

.9

.8

.7

.7

.7

.7

July.

0.8

.7

g

.7

.7

.6

.6

.8

.8

. 7

1.4

1.1

.9

1.0

g

.8

1.0

.9

.8

.7

.8

.7

.7

.7

.7

. .6

.6

1.3

1.0

1.2

.9

.8

.8

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

.8

.8

1.0

.8

.8

.7

.8

.7

.6

.9

.7

.7

.6

.6

.7

.6

.6

.7

.6

Aug.

. 0.9

.8

.8

.7

.7

.7

.7

.6

.8

.7

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.8

.8

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.8

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.9

.6

.5

.5

.6

.5

.6

.6

.6

.8

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.6

.6

.5

.6

.8

.7

.6

.9

.9

.8

.7

.7

.7

Sept.

0.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

.7

.7

.7

.6

.8

2.3

2.1

1.5

1.2

1.0

.9

.9

.8

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.4

.4

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

Oct.

0.8

.7

.7

.9

.8

.8

.7

.7

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.5

. 5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

5

5

.4

.4

4

.4

.4

.4

.4

4

.6

 9

'I

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.8

.7

.6

.6

.6

.9

1.4

1.5

Nov.

0.6

.8

.8

.7

.7

' .7

.6

.9

1.3

1.1

1.0

.9

.8

.8

.7

.8

.9

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.4

1.5

1.3

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

1.1

1.0

.9

.8

 I

. i

.7

.6

.6

.7

.8

.8

.8

.9

.9

.9

.8

.8

.7

.7

.6

.6

. 7

Dec.

0.8

.9

.8

.8

.7

.7

.7

.6

.7

.8

.9

.9

.9

1.0

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

.9

.9

.8

1.0

1.5

1.3

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

1.2

1.6

.9

1.2

1.1

1.0

.9

.9

1.4

2.1

1.5

1.3

1.1

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

3

.9

.9

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.6

1.8
150 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Fork of Holston River near Chilhowie, Va.,for

1907 and 1908.

Day.

1907. 

1...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7. .............. I----*-- Q

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

93

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

1908. 

1...............

2. ..............

3...............

4. ..............

5. ..............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26. ..............

27. ..............

28. ..............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

360

250

210

175

300

300

250

210

175

175

145

670

505

360

300

250

210

210

175

175

210

175

175

175

210

175

145

145

Feb.

.......

.....

145

145

119

119

145

175

175

145

145

145

145

210

670

360

300

210

210

175

145

175

175

145

Mar.

:::::::

.......

..:....

.......

.......

210

505

430

360

300

670

430

300

250

210

250

210

210

210

210

175

175

175 175-

210

oflfl

360

250

210

175

175

145

Apr.

.......

.......

300

760

505

360

250

210

175

175

175

145

145

145

145

119

119

119

119

97

145

360

250

175

145

May.

.......

.......

.......

ijc

145

145

119

119

210

430

300

250

175

145

145

119

11Q

119

145

119

1 1Q

119

119

i 7e

145

210

145

June.

360

760

505

360

300

250

210

210

175

175

175

145

145

119

145

119

119

119

250

760

360

210

175

145

145

119

119

119

97

210

145

1 1Q

119

Q7

97

97

97

i ye

97

97

Q7

97

July.

119

97

145

97

97

97

97

79

79

119

119

97

360

210

145

175

145

119

175

145

119

97

119

97

97

97

97

79

79

300

175

250

145

119

119

250

250

210

175

175

145

119

119

97

175

119

97

97

11Q

97

7Q

145

Q7

Q7

7Q

7Q

97

7Q

79

97

79

Aug.

145

119

119

97

97

97

97

97

79

119

97

97

97

79

79

70

119

119

97

97

79

79

79

119

97

97

79

79

79

79

145

7Q

65

65

79

65

79

79

79

119

97

79

79

7Q

79

65

65

7Q

79

65

79

119

Q7

79

1 AK

97

97

97

Sept.

79

79

79

79

79

79

79

79

65

65

79

79

79

65

65

65

65

97

97

97

79

119

430

250

175

145

145

119

79

79

79

79

65

79

79

65

79

65

65

65

65

65

65

55

55

55

as

55

ec

55

55

Oct.

119

97

97

97

145

119

119

97

97

97

97

79

79

79

79

7Q

79

79

79

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

65

79

79

65

65

55

55

55

55

55

55

55

55

55

79

79

65

65

55

55

55

55

55

55

55

55

1 1Q

97

79

79

7Q

145

360

430

Nov.

79

65

119

119

97

97

97

79

79

145

300

210

175

145

119

119

97

119

145

175

175

175

360

430

300

210

175

175

145

175

145

119

119

97

97

Q7

79

79

Q7

119

1 1Q

119

119

Q7

97

119

1 4^

145

145

1 1Q

119

97

Q7

Q7

97

79

7Q

Q7

Dec.

119

145

119

119

97

97

97

79

97

119

145

145

145

175

300

300

250

210

175

145

145

119

175

430

300

210

175

175

145

250

505

145

250

210

175

145

145

360

430

300

210

300

300

250

210

175

145

145

145

175

360

300 wi

505

NOTE. Daily discharges for 1907 and 1908 based on a fairly well defined rating between gage heights 

0.5 foot and 1.5 feet. On missing days, beginning June 10,1907, the discharge was greater than 900 secondfeet.
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 151

SOUTH FORK OF HOLSTON RIVER AT BLUFF CITY, TENN.

This station is located at the highway bridge at Bluff City, Tenn., 

about 300 feet below the bridge of the Virginia and Southwestern 

Railroad. It is about 10 miles above the mouth of Watauga River 

and 1 mile below Indian Creek. It was originally established by the 

United States Weather Bureau. The United States Geological Survey maintained gage heights from July 17, 1900, to December 31, 

1904, but since that time these records have been furnished by the 

United States Weather Bureau.

The station is maintained for the purpose of obtaining run-off data 

for the Holston River drainage basin, and its record is the longest 

and best one available.

The bed is rocky and very rough, and ledges above and below the 

bridge cause eddies and sudden variations in the velocity, making 

discharge measurements difficult. The rating curve, however, is 

fairly good and constant.

The datum of the gage has not been changed.

Discharge -measurements of South Fork of Hoist on River at Bluff" City, Tenn., in 1907

and 1908.

Date.

1907. 

August 12......

1908.

July 8

Hydrographer.

Warren E. Hall. . ..................................

do

Do......... F. P. Thomas...............-.-...-..--.--.-...-.-.

Width.

Feet. 

232

241 

241 

241

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

549

623 

642 

653

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.40

1.80 

1.83 

1.83

Discharge.

Sec.-fl. 

927

1,280 

1,330 

1.420

Daily gage height, in feet, of South Fork of Holston River at Bluff City, Tenn., for 1901

and 1908.

Day.

1907. 

1...............

2............... 

3............... 

4...............

6...............

&""'.'.'.'.'."'.'.'.'. 

9. ..............

ll.i.. ........... 

12...............

13............... 

14...............

15...............

16............... 

17...............

18............... 

19...............

20..... .........

Jan.

3.3 

3.0 

2.8 

2.5

2.6

2.3 

2.1 

2.0 

2.0 

1 9

1. 7 

1.7

1.6 

1.6

1.5 

1.5

1.5 

2.0

Feb.

1.3

\'i 

1.5

2.0

1.8 

1.6 

1.6 

1.6

1.3

1.5

1.4 

1.4

1.4

1.3 

1.2

1.2 

1.0

1.0

Mar.

3.0 

3.4 

4.0 

3.2

2.4

2.2 

2.3 

2.5 

2.6

3.5

3

E

3.0

2.7

 3.4 

3.2

2.6 

2.0

9 ')

Apr.

2.0 

1.9 

1.7 

1.6

1.5

2.1 

1.8 

2.7 

3.4 

3.4

2.9

2. 5

2.4

2. 2

2." 1 2

2.3 '' 3

o 4

May.

1.6 

1.7

1.6 

1.8

1 9

1.6

3.9 

3.4 

2.9 9 4

2. 2

1.9

1.8

1.8

1 - 

1.5 

1.4

1.4

June.

1.3 

2.3 

5.0

9 A

2.4 

2.0 

2.2 

3.7 

3.2

3.0 "> 9

3.9 

11.7

t) 9 

3.9

2.9 

9 7

2 4

July.

1.7 

1.5 

1.5 

1.5

1.3 

1.7 

1.3 

1.2

2.7 

2.7

5.4 

4.0

3.0

3.2

2.8

2.4 

2.4

2 2

Aug.

1.7 

1.6 

1.5 

1.3

1.2

1.4 

1.5 

1.5 

1.4 

2.5

2.0

1 ^

1.4 

1.8

1.4 

1.3

2.4 

2.0

1. 5

Sept.

1.0 

1.0 

1.2 

1.1

1.0

1.0 

.9 

1.5 

1.3 

1.0

1.8 

2.0

1.4 

1.0

1.0

1.0

9

.9 

.9

1.0

Oct.

1.6 

1.5 

1.4 

1.4

2.0

1.4 

1.5 

1.5 

1.5 

1.4

1.3

1 1

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.0 

1.0

1.0 

1.0

1.0

Nov.

1.0 

1.0 

1.8 

1.6 1 *

1.2 

1.2 

1.2 

1.1

2 3

3.9

9 Q

2.6 

2.0

1.8

1.7 

1.5

1.7 

1.9

2.0

Dec.

1.8 

1.7 

1.6 

1.5

1.5

1.5 

1.3

1.2 

1.2

1.8

3.5

2.7

2.3 

2.0

2.6

2.9

2.7

2.4

2.4

2.0
152 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of South Fork of Holston River at Bluff City, Tenn., for

1907 and 1908 Continued.

Day.

1907. 

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

30...............

31

1908.

2...............

q

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

0

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31

Jan.

2.6

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

3.6

2.9

2.5

2.1

3.9

3.4

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.2

8.9

6.8

4.4

3.6

0 1

') q

2.7

2 a

2 4

o o

2.1

2.3

2.3

2.1

9 1

2.2

2.3

2.1

2.1

1 Q

Feb.

1.1

i i

1.0

1.0

2.5

2.4

2

C

2.7

.......

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.9

1.8

2.0

2.7

9 3

2.0

1.9

2.2

2.3

2.0

4.4

4.7

4.9

3.7

3.0

2.7

2

c;

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1 9

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.8

Mar.

2.1

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

3.0

3.4

3.4

3.1

2.8

5.1

4.3

3.4

3.0

2.8

2.4

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.6

2.9

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.9

3.7

3.2

2.7

2.6

2.2

2.0

2.0

Apr.

2.3

2.2

9 2

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2

1.9

1.9

1.8

.......

2.6

7.0

6.8

4.5

3.5

3.1

2.8

2.6

2.3

2.3

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.8

1.8

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.8

4.0

3.1

2.6

2.2

1.9

May.

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.8

4.1

4.5

3.4

2.8

2.5

2.4

2.1

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.7

1.8

2.2

2.2

' 2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.8

2.4

1.9

June.

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.7

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

2.1

1.5

1.4

1.3

1 9

3.3

2.7

2.0

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.2

1.0

2.4

2.2

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.2

2.4

2.4

2.4

1.8

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.1

July.

3.0

2.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

2.1

1.5

1.4

2.8

2.0

1.5

1.5

1.4

1 ^

1.5

1.9

2.1

1 9

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.3

1.3

1.0

.9

1.0

1.0

.9

.8

1.1

.9

.7

.7

1.4

1.2

1.0

1.0

Aug.

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.8

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.0

.8

.7

.5

.6

.5

.6

.6

.5

1.3

1.4

1.1

.8

.7

.5

.5

.5

.5

.6

.8

.6

1.0

.7

.9

1.2

1.0

.8

.6

.6

Sept. 

 

0.9

1.5

4.5

6.2

3.5

2.7

2.2

1.9

2.0

2.0

.6

.5

.4

.4

1.5

1.4

.6

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.3

.4

.4

.4

.3

.3

.2

.2

.3

.2

.2

.3

.2

.2

.3

.4

Oct.

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

1.1

1.3

1.0

1.0

.3

.3

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.6

g

.8

.6

.4

.4

.3

.3

.3

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.5

1.0

.8

.7

.6

1.0

2.3

2.3

Nov.

1.9

2.0

1.8

3.6

3.8

3.1

2.6

2.2

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.5

1.3

1.1

1.0

.9

.8

.8

.7

.7

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

.9

.8

.8

.8

1.0

Dec.

1.9

1.9

1.6

9 ^

2.2

2.1

1.8

1.7

1 9

2.7

4.8

1.9

2.9

2.3

1 9

1.7

1.6

2.9

^ Q

3.5

2.6

2.2

2.5

3.0

2.5

2.1

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1 Q

3 d

3.0

9 7

3.4

3.0

2.8

2.9

3.1

3.4

Rating table for South Fork of Holston River at Bluff City, Tenn., for 1900 to 1908.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

245

285

325

370

420

475

530

590

650

715

785

860

940

1,020

1,105

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,190

1,280

1,380

1,480

1,580

1,680

1,790

1,900

2,010

2,130

2,250

2,370

2,500

2,630

2,760

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,900

3,040

3,180

3,320

3,460

3,610

3,760

3,910

4,060

4,390

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

8.00

4.40 | 4i 730 9.00

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5,080 |! 10.00

5,440

5,800

6,180

11.00

12.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

6,580

6,990

7,410

7,830

8,270

8,720

9,180

9,640

10,100

12,500

14,900

17,300

19,700

22, 100

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made during 1900 to 1908, and is fairly well defined below gage height 3.5 feet. Above gage 

height 7.0 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 240 per tenth.
TENNESSEE EIVER BASIN. 153

Monthly discharge of South Fork of Holston River at Bluff City, Tenn., for 1907 and 1908.

[Drainage area, 828 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

April.....................................

July......................................

1908.

April.....................................

July...... ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,040 

2,250 

4,060 

3,180 

3,910 

21,400 

6,580 

2,010 

8,270 

1,480 

3,910 

5,440

21,400

14,700 

5,620 

5,990 

10, 100 

4,900 

3,040 

1,580 

940 

1,020 

1,790 

1,380 

7,620

14, 700

Minimum.

860 

G50 

940 

1,020 

G50 

860 

785 

650 

590 

590 

650 

785

590

1,380 

1,280 

1,480 

1,020 

1,020 

650 

475 

370 

245 

245 

475 

1,100

245

Mean.

1,490 

1,090 

2,000 

1,760 

1,250 

3,290 

1,770 

1,050 

1,390 

813 

1,600 

1,670

1,600

2,870 

2,040 

2,710 

2,420 

1,670 

1,230 

838 

499 

363 

440 

710 

2,220

1,500

Per 

square 

mile.

1.80 

1.32 

2.42 

2.13 

1.51 

3.97 

2.14 

1.27 

1.68 

.982 

1.93 

2.02

1.93

3.47 

2.46 

3.27 

2.92 

2.02 

1.49 

1.01 

.603 

.438 

.531 

.857 

2.68

1.81

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.08 

1.38 

2.79 

2.38 

1.74 

4.43 

2.47 

1.46 

1.87 

1.13 

2.15 

2.33

26.21

4.00 

2.65 

3.77 

3.26 

2.33 

1.66 

1.16 

.70 

.49 

.61 

.96 

3.09

24.68

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B.

HOLSTON RIVER NEAR ROGERSVILLE, TENN.

This station is located at the Southern Railway bridge 1 mile north 

of Austins Mills and 3 miles south of Rogersville, Tenn. It was established by the United States Weather Bureau March 10, 1902, and all 

gage heights have been furnished by the Weather Bureau. The 

data from this station are useful in connection with general run-off 

and navigation problems.

The section of river is good for measurements, but the high-decked 

railroad bridge is dangerous to work from.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Holston River near Rogersville, Tenn., for 1907 and 1908.

Day.

1907. 

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

c;

6...............

8...............

9

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

Jan,

5.0

4.7

4.0

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.5

Feb.

2.2

2.6

2.7

2.8

3.6

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.5

Mar.

4.0

5.5

6.0

5.1

3.8

3.5

3.6

3.7

4.0

4.4

5.1

4.6

4.0

4.4

Apr.

2.8

3.0

2.8

2.6

9 ft

3.8

4.4

4.7

4.3

5.0

4.4

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.5

May.

2.8

2.7

2.7

3.2 

3.2

3.2

4.2

5.4

4.4

3.8

3.4

3.4

3.0

2.9

2.8

June.

2.2

2.7

5.6

5.9

3.9

3.3

4.0

5.0

5.2

4.7

8.4

5.6

10.7

14.0

July.

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.0

2.4

2.8

4.2

4.4

4.3

Aug.

2.6

2.4

2.0

2.0 

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.7

2.6

3.2

2.8

2.4

1.9

2.2

2.2

Sept.

1.9

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.4

2.0

2.6

2.8

2.4

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.4

2.2

Oct.

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3 

2.4

2.9

2.7

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.9

Nov.

1.7

1.7

2.6

2.6 

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

3.4

5.3

4.8

3.8

3.3

2.8

Dec.

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.4

3.4

4.0

3.3

3.1

3.1
154 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gageheight, infeet, of Holston River near Rogersvllle, Tenn.,for 1907 and 1908 Con.

Day.

1907. 

10...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27............... 

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

1908. 

1............... >

3...............

4...............

0...............

g

10...............

11........... . .

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

93

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31... ../....

Jan.

2.4

2.4

2.6

2.8

4.0

3.8

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.7 

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

5.3

4.3

3.8

3.4

4.2

5.0

4.3

4.0

3.8

3.3

3.2

4.3

11.5

6.6

5.1

4.3

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.3

3.2

3.2

3 9

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.0

Feb.

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.2

3.3

3.6

3.8 

3.8

3.1

3.4

3.2

2.8

2.8

3.2

3.5

3.7

3.3

3.2

3.5

3.5

4.0

5.7

6.8

8.8

6.0

4.8

4.0

3.9

3.7

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.0

3.0

3.3

3.1

2.9

Mar.

4.6

4.2

3.9

3.8

3.4

3.1

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.7

2.7

2.6 

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

3.3

4.5

5.0

4.6

4.3

5.7

6.6

5.2

4.5

4.0

3.8

4.3

4.8

4.5

4.3

4.0

3.9

3.7

4.1

4.0

4.8

4.8

4.8

5.2

5.5

5.0

4.3

4.0

3.6

3.5

Apr.

3.2

3.2

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

4.0

3.5

3.4 

3.3

3.1

2.9

3.6

12.7

7.1

5.3

4.6

4.3

3.9

3.8

3.6

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.0

2.9

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.8

6.5

5.5

4.3

3.7

3.4

May.

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.3 

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.1

3.2

3.1

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

3.4

4.9

4.0

3.7

3.5

3.3

3.1

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.8

' 2.8

3.6

3.7

4.0

3.5

3.3

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

3.8

4.0

June.

6.0

4.7

4.0

3.6

3.3

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.9

3.3

2.9

2.9 

2.6

2.6

2.6

3.3

2.9

2.7

2.7

4.0

4.8

3.7

3.2

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.7

3.8

3.3

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.5

2.4

3.8

3.4

3.4

3.0

2.7

2.5

2.4

July.

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.4 

3.0

2.4

2.9

3.2

2.3

2.5

2.8

2.5

3.0

3.2

3.4

3.3

4.3

3.3

2.9

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.6

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.7

2.4

3.2

Aug.

2.1

2.0

2.5

3.3

2.8

2.5

2.3

2.1

2.4

2.7

2.8

2.4 

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.0

2.4

2.3

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.9

2.0

0 4

2.4

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.0

2.0

2.9

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.3

3.4

2.8

2.4

2.2

2.1

Sept.

2.0

2.0

1 9

1.8

1.8

2.7

4.5

9.0

3.8

3.2

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

2.1

2.5

2.5

2.0

1 9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.6

1.5

Oct.

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.8

1.9

2.0

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.6

2.3

2.1

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

3.6

2.6

2.3

2.0

2.5

3.2

3.6

Nov.

2.7

2.0

2.6

2.9

3.0

9 Q

2.9

4.6

4.6

3.9 

3.4

3.2

2.9

3.4

2.9

2.6

9 2

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

1 9

1.8

1.8

2.3

2.6

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.3

2 2

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1 9

1.8

1.8

2.0

Dec.

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.7

3.4

3.3

3.1

2.8

2.8

4.5

6.5

3.0

3.7

3.6

3.0

2.8

2.6

3.9

7.3

5.6

4.2

3.6

3.7

4.0

4.0

3.6

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

3.3

5.8

4.7

4.0

3.9

4.6

4.2

4.0

4.0

4.2

Rating table for Holston River near Rogersville, Tenn., for 1906 to 1908.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

Dis- ! 

charge.

Sec.-ft.

1,140

1,320

1,510

1,700

1,900

2,100

2,310

2,520

2,740

2,960

3,190

3,420

3,660

3,900

4,150

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

4,410

4,670

4,940

5,220

5,510

5,800

6,100

6,410

6,720

7,040

7,370

7,710

8,050

8,400

8,760

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

9,120

9,490

9,860

10,240

10, 620

11,010

11,400

12,200

13,000

13,800

14,600

15,400

16,200

17,000

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

17,800

18,600

19,400

20, 200

21,000

21,800

22,600

23,400

27, 400

31,400

35, 400

39, 400

43,400

47, 400

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based upon seven discharge 

measurements made during 1904 to 1906 and is well denned between gage heights 1.0 foot and 6.0 feet. 

Above gage height 5.0 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 400 per tenth.
TENNESSEE RTVER BASIN. 155

Monthly discharge of Holston River near Rogersville, Tenn., for 1907 and 1908. 

[Drainage area 3,060 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

July...........--......---.....--...-...-.

1908.

July......................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

11,400 

7,040 

15,400 

11,400 

13,000 

47,400 

9,120 

5,510 

27,400 

4,410 

12,600 

17,400

47,400

37,400 

26,600 

17,800 

42,200 

11,000 

10,600 

8,760 

5,800 

3,420 

6,410 

5,800 

20,600

42,200

Minimum.

2,960 

2,740 

3,190 

3,660 

2,520 

2,740 

2,310 

2,100 

1,900 

1,510 

1,700 

2,740

1,510

4,670 

4,150 

5,510 

3,660 

3,900 

3,190 

2,100 

1,700 

1,140 

1,140 

1,900 

3,660

1,140

Mean.

5,040 

4,130 

7,140 

6,290 

4,440 

10, 300 

4,200 

3,170 

4,500 

2,430 

ft, 320 

5,060

5,170

8,440 

7,610 

9,460 

8,750 

5,670 

4,790 

3,720 

2,670 

1,850 

2,080 

2,710 

7,370

5,430

Per 

square 

mile.

1.65 

1.35 

2.33 

2.06 

1.45 

3.37 

1.37 

1.04 

1.47 

.794 

1.74 

1.65

1.69

2.76 

2.49 

3.09 

2.86 

1.85 

1.57 

1.22 

.873 

.605 

.680 

.886 

2.41

1.77

Run-off 

(depth 

in inches 

on drainage area).

1.90 

1.41 

2.69 

2.30 

1.67 

3.76 

1.58 

1.20 

1.64 

.92 

1.94 

1.90

22.91

3.18 

2.68 

3.56 

3.19 

2.13 

1.75 

1.41 

1.01 

.68 

.78 

.99 

2.78

24.14

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A.

A!

A. 

A.

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. The above estimates of accuracy are dependent upon permanency of conditions of flow since the 

last measurements were made in 1906.

MIDDLE FORK OF HOLSTON RIVER AT CHILHOWIE, VA.

The Middle Fork of Holston River rises a little to the south of the 

village of Old Mount Airy, Vav on the western slope of the Blue Ridge, 

in the valley between Walker Mountain on the north and the Brushy 

Mountains on the south, and flows in a direction generally parallel 

to the course of the South Fork until a few miles above the junction, 

where it turns to the southwest. Below the junction, the stream continues its general southwesterly course, and after being joined by the 

Watauga, it unites with the North Fork of Holston River, near the 

town of Kingsport, Tenn., forming Holston River. The area drained 

by the Middle Fork lies mostly to the north of the river, the distance 

from the summit of the ridge dividing its watershed from that of the 

South Fork to the stream being too small to permit of the formation 

of streams of considerable size. The country is similar in general 

character to the area drained by the South Fork below the junction, 

the topography consisting of small and rounded hills and ridges, grasscovered to the top, with very gentle slopes and with low divides between the small creek watersheds. The soil is seemingly very fertile 

and is light and porous, though some areas of clay were found. Limestone is the country rock, and the bed of the river is also in that stone.
156 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

The gaging station is located in Chilhowie at the new iron highway 

bridge. It was established June 8, 1907, to obtain data for use in 

connection with southern Appalachian water resources investigations, and for supplying general flow data in the upper Holston 

drainage.

Discharge measurments are made from the single-span bridge 

where the current is good and the channel conditions favor accurate 

work.

Discharge measurements of Middle Fork of Holston River at Chilhowie, Va., in 1907

and 1908.

Date.

1907.

Do.........

1908.

July 4. .........

July?..........

Do.........

Hydrographer.

Warren E. Hall.. ..................................

B. M. Hall, jr .......................................

Warren E. Hall ....................................

B. M. Hall, jr., and Warren E. Hall ................

B. M. Hall, jr ......................................

Warren E. Hall. ...................................

F. P. Thomas ......................................

.....do..............................................

Warren E . Hall ....................................

Width.

Feet. 

135

130

130

130

127

120

117

117

117

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

487

88

90

90

78

202

146

150

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4 47

1.50

1.50

1.39

1.84

1.43

1.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,780

112

141

101

320

130

144

Daily gage height, in feet, of Middle Fork of Holston River at Chilhowie, Va.,for 1907

and 1908.

[Observer, W. G. Baylor.]

Day.

1907. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24. ..............

25. ..............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

29. ..............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan. Feb.

.......

Mar. Apr. May. June.

2.2

10.2

3.8

7.5

4.3

2.9

2.5

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1 9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

2.0

1.8

July.

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

3.05

1.8

3.6

2.6

1.9

1.8

2.2

1.9

1 9

1.8

2.0

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.7

1.9

1.6

1.5

1.7

1.6

Aug.

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.7

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.7

1.6

1.4

1.5

1.4

Sept.

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.6

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.6

1.4

1.6

1.4

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.3

1.3

1.5

1.6

2.4

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.4

1.3

Oct.

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.6

1.7

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.4

Nov.

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.5

1.4

1.5

2.4

2.6

1.9

1.8

1.6

1.7

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.8

1.6

1.4

i 3

1.5

1.7

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.9

2.0

Dec.

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.8

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1 ^

1.4

1.5

1.6

1 ^

1.6

1.9

1.5

1.6

1.7
TENNESSEE BIVEK BASIN. 157

Daily gage height, in feet, of Middle Fork of Holston River at Chilhowie, Fa., for 1907

and 1908 Continued.

Day.

1908. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

6...............

0

10...............

11...............

12...............

15...............

17 ..............

1 A

19

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23. ..............

24. ..............

OC

27...............

29...............

30

31

Jan.

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.6

2.8

2.5

2.0

1.8

1.5

1.5

1.5

3.2

2.9

2.5

1.9

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.7

1.8

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.0

1.7

1.9

1.8

Feb.

1.8

1.9

2.3

2.8

2.9

1 9

1.8

1.9

1.8

2.4

2.8

2.9

2.2

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

Mar.

2.2

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.2

3.9

2.7 9 P;

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.15

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1 9

3 9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.2

A 0£

Apr.

5.1

5.2

4.5

4.0

3.4

3.4

3.7

3

9

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

9 7

2.7

2.7

2.3

1 9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

2.7

2.3

2.2

2.0

2.0

May.

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.6

l.G

1.8

2.1

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

June.

1.6

1.6

1.6

3.2

2.6

2.4

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.7

1.8

1.7

2.5

2.1

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

July.

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.5

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

Aug.

2.1

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.3

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.4

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2 9

Sept.

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

Oct.

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.4

1.5

1.4

1 "?

Nov.

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.3

Dec.

1.3

1.2 

1.2 

1.2 

1.2

1.2 

3.3 

3.5 

3.2 

3.1

3.1 

3.0

2.9 

2.9

2.7

2.6 

2.8 

2.7 

2.6

i. o 

2.4 

2.3 

2.3 

2.2

2.4 

2.4

3.6

3.7 

3.5 

3.3

WATAUGA RIVER NEAR ELIZABETHTON, TENN.

Watauga River rises on the northern and eastern slopes of Grandfather Mountain, on the southern boundary of Watauga County, 

N. C., and after flowing about 6 miles in a northeasterly direction 

is joined by Boone Fork, a stream which rises on the eastern slope of 

Grandfather Mountain and flows first due east about 4 miles and then 

to the north about 4 miles, or to its junction with the Watauga. At 

the junction the river changes its course to the northwest, and with 

many bends, rapids, and falls, flows through Watauga County, N. C., 

and Johnson and Carter counties, Tenn., uniting its waters with those 

of the South Fork of Holston River about 9 miles northwest of 

Johnson City. In its course it is joined by many tributaries'. It 

drains an extensive area, a large part of which lies in the high mountains.

Like all other drainage basins throughout this region, the basin of 

the Watauga is subject to a very heavy annual rainfall, being greater 

near the headwaters, where there is an almost constant precipitation. 

This rainfall at times comes in the form of violent rainstorms, but 

these are infrequent, the precipitation being equally well distributed 

throughout the entire year, though the summer rainfall is the great-
158 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

est in amount. At times the heavy rains are long continued, lasting 

a week or more, and the streams rise to great heights and do a vast 

amount of damage. Droughts are infrequent, and as a rule ^re 

neither severe or long continued, the drought of 1904 being probably 

the most severe within the memory of the inhabitants of the basin.

A marked feature of the region is the great number of springs, the 

discharge of which ranges from less than a gallon a minute up, several 

being of very large size. One of the larger springs is in the village 

of Allentown, Tenn. The spring basin is nearly 100 feet in diameter 

and has a discharge estimated at from 8 to 10 cubic feet per second. 

Another large spring is directly on the bank of the river, at the town 

of Fishspring. Here there are a number of small springs flowing 

from crevices in the rock, the aggregate volume being 7 or 8 cubic 

feet per second.

The fall of the Watauga is very great throughout its entire length, 

and the selection of shoals for utilization would be largely a matter 

of convenience, the average fall of the stream in Tennessee being 

about 15 feet to the mile, and between Shulls Mill and the Tennessee 

line about 47 feet to the mile, with many small stretches where the 

fall is much greater.

The gaging station is located on the Virginia and Southwestern 

Railway bridge at Siam, about 4 miles from Elizabethton, Tenn. It 

was established May 11, 1903, for the purpose of supplying run-off 

data useful in estimating water power, which is very abundant in 

parts of this river. It is 1^ miles above the mouth of Stony Creek 

and 5 miles above Doe River.

Excepting the rather sluggish current of low stages, the conditions 

are g'ood for measurements of discharge.

No change in the location or datum of the gage has occurred.

This station was discontinued December 31, .1908.°

Discharge measurements of Watauga River near Elizabethton, Tenn., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907.

1908.

Hydrographer.

Warren E . Hall ....................................

Warren E. Hall. ...................................

Width.

Feet. 

212

209

208

Area of 

section.

Sg.feet. 

874

717

722

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.77

2.18

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

914

a A11 records of discharge at this station prior to 190S have been collected by engineers of the United 

States Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. Pratt, 

state geologist, in a bulletin entitled "Water powers of North Carolina.''
TENNESSEE EIVEE BASIN. 159

Daily gage height, in feet, of Watauga River near Elizabethton, Tenn.,for 1907 and 1908.

[Observer, J. B. Nave.]

-Day.

1907.

 >

3. ..............

5...............

6...............

8...............

g

10...............

13. ............. .

14...............

16...............

17... -. -......-..

18...............

19

20...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

20. ..............

27. ...... ...

28...............

29. ......... .

30...............

31...............

1908. 

I.............

2 

3... ........... 

4...............

6...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15............... 

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20..... ..........

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25............... 

26........... . .

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31. ....r... ......

Jan.

3.4

3.0

2.65 

2.4

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.0

1.95

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.7

i a

1.75

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.5

3.1

2.5

"2. "2" 

3.3

3.0

2.35

2.3 

2.2

2.15

8.1

6.1

3.6

3.4 

3.2

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.1 

2.1

3.0

2.8

2.3 

2.2

2.15

Feb.

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.75

2.2

2.3

2.85

2.4

2.1

2.05 

2.0

2.1

91"?

2.1

2.05

"2."6"

2.0

2.6

4.0

4.5

6.5

3.5

3.0

2.8

2.5

2 05

2.4

2.05

2.05 

2.1

2.0

1.8

2.05

Mar.

2.6

2.9

2.7 

2.65

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.4

2.6

2.8

3.1

2.9

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.0

1 95

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.7

3.9 

3.6 

3.1

2.5

2.3

2.4

2.1

2.5

2.6

3.0

3.8

3.3 

2.9

2.6

2.5

-----

2.1

Apr.

1.65

1.6

1.6 

1.7

1.75

1.8

1.9

1.95

2.0

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.3

3.0

2.9

2.5

2.3

2.2

91"?

2.1

2.0

2.4

5.6 

4.3 

3.3

2.8

2.5

2.3

2.3 

2.2

2.05

2.6

1.9

1.9 

2.7

2.6

2.8

9 "}

2.2

2.6

1.9

2.5

3.3

2.9

2.5 

2.4

May.

1.9

1.9

1.9 

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.95

1.9

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.45

1.5

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.6

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.5

2.3

2.2

"2." 05" 

2.0

2.0

2.3

2.6

2.5

2.3

2.05

2.0

2.0

1.9 

1.9

2.1

2.8

2.7

2.8

2.5

2.2

2.1 

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.8

June.

1.8

5.5

4.9 

3.7

3.1

2.7

2.6

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.1

2.9

2.7

5.0

3.3

2.5

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.2

1.9

2.6

2.9

2.3

2.1

2.0

1.9 

1.8 

2.4 

2.6

2.3

2.0

1.9 

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

3.0

2.4

2 AC

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

2.9

2.05

2.5 

2.05

1 9

1.7 

1.7

July.

1.8

1.75

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.8

2.3

3.2

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.00

1 9

1.85

1.8

1.75

1.7

2.0

1.9

1 9

2.4

2.05 

2.05 

3.0

2.6

2.7

4.7

3.1

2.8

2.4

2.0

1.9

1.9 

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

2.4

1 9

1.8

1.5

1.5

2.1

3.6 

3.6

2.5

Aug.

1.7

1.65

1.6 

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.65

1.7

1.75

1.75

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.3

1.8

1.9

1.85

1.75

1.6

1.75

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.55

2.05

------

1.6 

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

------

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

2

flC

1.7

1.8

1.3

2.5 

3.8

2.9

2.5

2.1

1.8

Sept.

1.5

1.7

1.75

1.6

1.55

1.65

1.7

1.7

1.05

2.4

1.95

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.8

5.2

4.8

3.8

3.5

3.2

2.9

2.8

2.4

1.7

1.7 

1.6 

1.6 

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.5 

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4 

1.4

1.3

1.3

1 1

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.1 

1.1

1.2

1.5 

1.4

Oct.

1 9

1.8

1.6 

1.7

2.5

2.3

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.5

1 5

1.2

1.05 

1.05 "i.'os"

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.2

2.8

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3 

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

3.4

4.5

2.3

2.0

2.0

3.3 

3.8

3.1

Nov.

1 A^

1.4 

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.8

2.3

2.0

1 9

1.8

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.6

2.0

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.35

2.1

2.0

2.5 

2.2 

2.05 

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1 9

1.8

1 O

1.7

1.7

1.6 

1.6

1.0 "i.e"

Dec.

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.5

1.6

0 0

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.35

2.0

1.8

1.9

4.5

4.2

4.0

3.6 Q n

2.7

3.6

3.5

1.8

2.1 

2.0

1.8 

1.8

5.4

3.7

3.0 

2.5

2.3

2.6

2.5

2.1

2.1

1 9

1.5

2.9

2.7

3.0

2.6

2.7 

2.8

3.1
160 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Rating table for Watauga River near Elizabethton, Tenn.,for 1907 and 1908.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

155

195

240

290

345

400

460

525

595

670

750

830

915

1,000

1,090

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,180

1,275

1,370

1,470

1,570

1,675

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

1,780 ; 4.60

1,890

2,000

2.115

2,230

2,350

2,470

2,595

2,720

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,850

2,980

3, 110

3,250

3,390

3,530

3,670

3,820

3,970

4,120

4,270

4,570

4,880

5,200

5,520

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

8.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

5,840

6,180

6,520

6,860

7,200

7,540

7,900

8,260

8,620

8,980

9,340

9,720

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on three discharge measurements made during 1907 and 1908, earlier high water measurements, and the form of previous 

low-water curves, and is fairly well defined between gage heights 1.7 feet and 4.0 feet. Above gage height 

3.9 feet the table is the same as the 1906 table.

Monthly discharge of Watauga River near Elizabethton, Tenn., for 1907 and 1908. 

[Drainage area, 408 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

July......................................

1908.

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,120 

1,520 

1,780 

1,680 

830 

5,040 

1,890 

670 

4,570 

1,180 

1,180 

3,530

5,040

9,530 

6,690 

5,200 

1,470 

1,6,80 

3.820 

2,600 

525 

3,530 

1,480 

4,880

Minimum.

400 

400 

492 

460 

345 

595 

400 

290 

100 

290 

290 

372

290

830 

5P5 

670 

670 

525 

400 

290 

195 

175 

155 

400

Mean.

717 

557 

1,000 

864 

530 

1,680 

708 

494 

1,030 

457 

612 

1,210

822

1,680 

1,430 

1,350 

959 

797 

1,060 

657 

360 

777 

608 

1,320

Per

square 

mile.

1.76 

1.37 

2.45 

2.12 

1.30 

4.12 

1.74 

1.21 

2.52 

1.12 

1.50 

2.97

2.02

4.12 

3.50 

3.31 

2.35 

1.95 

2.60 

1.61 

.882 

1.90 

1.49 

3.24

Run-off 

(depth 

in inches 

on drainage area).

2.03 

1.43 

2.82 

2.36 

1.50 

4.60 

2.01 

1.40 

2.81 

1.29 

1.67 

3.42

27.34

4.75 

3.78 

3.69 

2.71 

2.18 

3.00 

1.86 

.98 

2.19 

1.66 

3.74

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

A.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A.

DOE RIVER AT ELIZABETHTON, TENN.

The most important tributary received by Watauga River is Doe 

River, which rises in the high and mountainous area to the west and 

north of Roan High Knob, and flows in a general northerly and northwesterly direction, joining the Watauga at Elizabethton, Tenn. 

Near the mouth of the stream, probably one-fourth or more of the 

valley is cleared land, the cleared areas being the level bottom or 

terrace land immediately along the river; but about 2 miles above
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 161

Elizabethton the gorge of the Doe begins, and from that point to 

Allentown the river flows in a very narrow channel carved out by its 

waters from the solid rock, which rises on either side in precipitous 

walls several hundred feet high. Near Allentown, where Doe River 

is joined by the Laurel Fork and Little Doe River, there is a considerable area of open and level land rimmed about by high and steep 

mountains. Above that place the gorge of the Doe becomes more 

pronounced, the sides rising higher and more steeply above the water, 

and the scenery, though confined, is very much grander than that of 

the lower gorge.

The gaging station was established at the wagon bridge in Elizabethton on June 15,1907, as part of the southern Appalachian waterresources investigation.

Discharge measurements are made from the covered wooden 

bridge, where the current is sluggish owing to a low dam below. The 

gage was located 1,500 feet above the bridge in an attempt to get 

above the backwater from this dam. The general conditions are 

poor and the station was discontinued on June 30, 1908. a

Discharge measurements of Doe River at Elizabethton, Tenn., in 1907.

Date.

Do........

Hydrographer.

.....do..............................................

B. M. Hall, jr. ......................................

Width.

feet. 

129«

127

125

125

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

283

243

242

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.60

1.48

1.43

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

403

504

357

334

Daily gage height, infect, of Doe River at Elizabethton, Tenn., for 1907 and 1908.

[Observer, Mary Perry.]

Day.

1907. 

1. ..............

9

4..........:....

5...............

6...............

7...............

9

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

10

20...............

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May. June.

2.0

1.7

1.55

1. 45

1.4

1.3

July.

0.9

1.15

1.0

.9

.9

.9

.9

.8

.8

.8

1.8

1.6

1.3

1.1

1.0

1.75

1.1

.95

Aug.

0.9

.9

.8

.8

.9

.9

1.45

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.8

.7

.75

1.05

.9

Sept.

0.85

.8

1.75

1.65

1.1

1.0

i d

1.05

1.0

1.0

.95

.9

.9

.8

.8

.7

Oct.

1.0

1.0

g

.9

.8

.8

.8

.9

.85

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.75

.7

.7

Q

.8

Nov.

0.65

.7

.75

.75

.7

.6

.52

1.35

1.25

.95

.82

.75

.65

.65

p,g

.0

. 7

Dec.

.75

.75

.8

.9

1.0

1.2

1.25

2.0

1.75

.85

1.45

.8

95

1.15

.85

o Records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United 

States Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. 

Pratt, state geologist, in a bulletin entitled " Water powers of North Carolina."

21144 IRR 243 10 11
162 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Doe River at Elizabethton, Tenn., for 1907 and 1908 Cont'd.

Day.

1907. 

21...........

22...........

23...........

24...........

25...........

26...........

27...........

28.---.-.-...

29... ------- .

30...........

31...........

Day.

1908. 

1. .........

2..........

6....... ..

1. .........

8. .........

10.... ------

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15.... ......

Jar

1.6

1 3

1 1

1 9

?, 0

1 8

1.4

1,?

1 1

9 8

?: 5

1 6

.

5

Fan.

!

1

Feb.

1.45

1.2

1.15

1 3

1.1

1.1

Feb.

Mar.

1.95

1.55

1.5

1 QS

1.7

1.5

Mar.

Apr.

2.0

1.5

1 3

1 1

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

Apr

May.

1.3

2.0

1.1

1.1

1.7

1.45

1.35

1.1

1.1

1.0

. May.

June.

1.1

1.1

1.5

1.25 i

1.2 '

1.1

1.1

1.0 1.0

.8

1.25

1.85

June.

. 1.6

. 1.05

. 1.1

. 1.35

. 1.1

. 1.0

. 1.35

. 1.05

!

Day

190! 

16.....

17.....

18.....

19

20.....

21 .....

22.....

23.....

24.....

25.....

26.....

27.....

28.....

29 .....

30 .....

31.....

Julj

0 fl

.f

8

9

8

9

,f

1 fi

1 c>

9

i,.

T.

5

5

J

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

At

0

?,

7,

1

1

1

1

1

1

an.

5

4

OK

0

0

?

1

0

1

1

1

0

Ig75

3

35

Q5

15

0

0

0

0

95

ii

Fe

?

1

1

i

1.

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

-\

Se

1

1

3

1

1

1

1

1

1

b.

0

55

?

9

n

0

0

?,

,Pt.

3

6

9

5

15

1

0

0

9

Ma

1 4

1 >

1 2

1 2

1 5

1.5

1 7

1,7

1,6

1,3

1,3

1,3

1,?

1.9

r.

Oct.

0 9

8

8

8

85

75

7

65

Apr.

1.6

1.15

1.1

1.1

Nov.

.5

1.3

1.4

1.25

1.15

.9

.75

.65

May.

1.0

1.0

1.25

1 Q

o n

1.6

1 9^

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1 9

1.2

1.15

Dec.

1.35

1.7

1.45

1.2

1.55

1.75

1.15

1.6

June.

i i

1.0

1 3

1.6

1.4

1 45

1.4

1.0

NORTH FORK OF HOLSTON RIVER AT SALTVILLE, VA.

This station is located at the highway bridge about one-half mile 

from Saltville. It was established June 11, 1907, for cooperation 

with the Forest Service, for the purpose of investigating the water 

resources of the southern Appalachian Mountains. The station is just 

above Little Tumbling Creek and about 2 miles above Sturgeon Creek.

Discharge measurements are made from the single-span bridge, 

where the current is rough and broken and in places becomes sluggish 

at low stages, making it rather bad for measurements.

The gage chain was lost on November 12, 1908, and the station 

was abandoned.

Discharge measurements of North Fork of Holston River at Saltville, Va., in 1907 and

1908.

Pate.

1907.

Do.........

Do.........

1908.

Hydrographer.

B . M. Hall, jr. ......................................

.....do..............'................................

Warren E. Hall.... . ................................

B. M. Hall, jr. ......................................

F. P. Thomas ......................................

Width.

Feet. 

145

72

70

70

44

44

110

85

85

Area of 

section.

Sq. ft.

132

107

111

83

83

159

162

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.10

1.97

1.97

1.61

1.61

3.35

2.29

2.29

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1 940

133

84

94

46

48

406

174

177
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 163

Daily gage height, infect, of North Fork of Ilolston River at Saltvillc, Fa., for 1907 and

1908.

[Observer, T. A. Hockett.]

Day. Jan.

1907. 

1

2. .............. .......

3.........-----. .......

4

T.... ........... .......

8............... .......

9.......-------. .---...

10............... .......

11............... ..---..

12............... .......

1 3

14. .............. .......

15............... .......

16............... .......

17............... .......

IS

19.....-.-.----.. --.-...

20. .....................

22............... .......

23-.....--.-.--.. .......

24............... .......

25............... .......

26. .....................

27............... .......

oo

9Q

30............... ....... q-j

1908. 

1............... 4.0

2. .............. 3. 05 

3.....--.----... 3.2 

4.........--.--- 3.2

5............... 3.5

6............... 3.15 

7....'........... 3.05

8.-.---.-...-.-. 3.65

10.-.---...--..-- 3.0

11............... 2.7

12............... 8.6

13............... 5.4

15...............' 4.0

Ifi...............' 3.85 

17. .............. 3. 05

18............... 3.25

19......---.--... 3.15 

20.-------.---.-. 3.0

21............... 3.15

22. .............. 3. 25 

23......-.--..... 3.4 

24. .............. 3. 3

25............... 3.15

26................ 2.95 

27............... 3.85

29..-..---...---. 3.65 

30............... 3.25

Feb.

3.15 

3.05 

3.15

 3.45 

3.65

3.45

3.35

5.8

6.4

7.6

0.6 

4.0

4.2

3.85

3.25

3.2 

3.2 

3.0

3.0

3.2 

3.1

2.9

Mar.

3.0 

4.5 

4.2

4.4

6.4 

5.2

4.4

3.6

3.4

3.9

3.75

3.8

3.7

3.0 

3.5

3.8 

4.6

4.2 

4.2 

4.4

4.0

3.8

3.4 

3.4

Apr.

7 9

9.7 

5.9 

4.9

4.2

6.0 

3.65

3.5

3.3

3.55

3.4

3.1

3.1

3.05

3.0

2.95

9 Q

2.85 

2.75 

2.7

2.9

5.2 

4.0 

3.4

3.35 

3.2

May.

,o

3.15 

3.0 

3.0

q n

2.95 

5.7

5.4

4.1

3.35

qit:

3.0

3.0

2.9

3.8

5.0

4.2 

3.85 

3.5

3.2

2.95 

3.4 

3.25

3 25 

3.6

June.

S. 5

5 8

9.8

4.9

 > 0^

3.6

3.5

3.8

3.2

3.05

2.9

2.8

2.85 

2.7 

4.3

4.2 

3.7

3.3

QIC

2.8

2.7

2.6

3.1 

2. 85

2.5 

2.45

3.7 

0.6 

4.2

3.35

3.1

2.85

2.5 

2.7

July.

2 r>

2.4

2. 35 

2.3

2.55 

2.45

2.3

2.15

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1 9

^.15

2.25 

2.1

2.05

2.0 

1.9

1.95 

1.9 

1.8

1.8

1.85 

1.9 

1.8

1.85 

1.8

1.8

Aug.

2.0

1.9

1.9

1 95

2.45

2.45

2.4

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.25

2.3

2. 25

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.75

1.7 

1 . 75 

1.7

1.7

1.7 

1.7

1.8

2.15

2.3

2.0

1.85

1.75

1.7

1.7 

1.7

1.75

1.75 

1.85

1.7

1.75 

1.85 

1.9

1.95

2.15 

2.4 

2.1

2.0 

1.9 

1 9

Sept.

2.55

2.1

2.05

2.0

1 9

1.8

1.8

1.75

2.3

2 5

2.35

2.05

2.0

1.9

1.85

1.6

2.75

4.4

3.35

3.0

. 2.5

2.4

1.75 

1.7 

1.7

2.8

3.85 

2. 75

2.25

9 fif^

1 9

1.8

1.7 .

1.65 

1.6

1.65

1.6 

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.55 

1.6 

1.65

1.65 

1.65

Oct.

2.3

2.1

2.25

2.5

2.35

2.4

9 9^

9 l c

2.1

2.05

2 0

L95

1.9

1.8

1 S

1 C

1.8

1 Q

1 Q

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1 9

1 9

1.9

1 9

1.6 

1.6

1.5

1.55 

1.55

1.6

1.65

1 9

2. 45

2.15

1 S

1 9

1.7 

1.75

1.7

1.75 

1.6

1.55 

1.55 

1.6

1.55

2.0 

1.9

1 S

2.25 

3.7

Nov.

2.0

2.8

2.3

5.2

4 7

4 0

0 A

3.05

2.8

2.45

2.4

3.6

3.4

3.35

4.8

4.2

3.8

3 4

q i

3.0

2.5 

2.2 

2. L5

2.05

2.0 

9 IT;

2.0

1.9

1 QC

2.1

Dec.

9 9

2.8

2.55

2.5

2 35

2.3

O Q

2.25

5 g

4 3

3.7

3 9

q o

9 Q

O Q

2.75

2.7

2.6

4. 4

5.2
164 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1907-8. 

Rating table for North Fork of Holston River at Sctltville, Va., for 1907 and 1908.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

33

46

60

75

90

106

123

141

160

180

200

221

243

266

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

Discharge.

Scc.-ft.

290

315

340

370

400

430

405

500

540

580

625

670

720

770

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

825

880

940

1,000

1,065

1,130

1,200

1,270

1,415

1,565

1,720

1,880

2,040

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

9.00

10.00

2,200 ||

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,360

2,520

2,680

2,840

3,000

3,1(0

3,320

3,480

3, 640

4,440

5,240

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on nine discharge measurements made during 1907 and 1908 and is well defined below gage height 2.3 feet. Above 

gage height 5.5 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 80 per tenth.

Monthly discharge of North Fork of Holston River at Saltville, Va., for 1907 and 1908.

Month.

1907. 

June 11-28.... . .................................................

1908.

April. ..........................................................

May............................................................

July............................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,080 

190 

1,560 

200 

1,420 

1,960

4,120 

3,320 

2,360 

5,000 

1,800 

2.520 

221 

180 

602 

540 

243

Minimum.

266 

90 

46 

75 

106 

150

243 

290 

430 

243 

266 

180 

75 

60 

* 40 

33 

82

Mean.

1,370 

132 

223 

109

458 

475

605 

739 

745 

776 

567 

471 

121 

86.8 

97.2 

92.9 

138

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

LITTLE TENNESSEE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

Little Tennessee River, with its tributaries, drains a large area, 

extending from the Blue Ridge on the south to the Great Smoky 

Mountains on the north, including all the territory between the 

basins of Pigeon and Hiwassee rivers. Its larger tributaries are the 

Tuckasegee from the east, and the Oconalufty from the northeast, 

the Cheoah from the southwest, and the Nantahala from the south, 

while the upper portion of the Tennessee heads on top of the Blue 

Ridge. These waters pass through the Tennessee into Ohio River.

The upper or southern part of the basin lying on the northwest slope 

of the Blue Ridge, is an elevated plateau region having an altitude 

of more than 3,000 feet, with low, rounded granite knobs and few 

high summits, and broad alluvial flats, the deposit of the slow 

streams. The Balsam, Great Smoky, and Unaka Mountains, with
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 165

many crests over 6,000 feet high, form the watershed on the north 

and west, and from these descend into the northern portion of the 

basin many swift streams which have carved deep narrow valleys, 

leaving high intervening ridges with deep and rugged slopes. The 

watersheds between several of these streams are high and rough, 

especially in the Cheoah, Nantahala, and Cowee ranges. The lower 

part of the basin includes some of the most rugged land in the 

southern Appalachians with only a very small part suited for tillage 

and few alluvial bottoms, but in the upper part much of the mountain land is not steep and there are several large and fertile valleys. 

The soils in the upper part of the basin are sandy, derived from 

granite. On Little Tennessee River around and above Franklin, o *

where most of the good farms are located, they are of deep and fertile 

red loams, derived from schists. In the narrow valleys around the 

high mountains, where sandstones, quartzite, and conglomerates 

prevail, the soils are generally thin and sandy, and poor agriculturally, but on north slopes and in hollows are well suited to forests. 

The alluvial bottoms of many of the streams are also light and sandy, 

though those of the Little Tennessee are silts of the finest texture.

LITTLE TENNESSEE RIVER NEAR FRANKLIN, N. C.

This station is located at the iron wagon bridge about 1 mile northeast of Franklin, N. C. It was established June 12, 1907, in cooperation with the Forest Service to supply data regarding the water 

resources and power possibilities in the southern Appalachian Mountains. The station is 1 mile below the mouth of Cullasaja River, 

which is an important tributary.

Discharge measurements are made from the bridge where the river 

is about 125 feet wide with high banks, permanent, rocky bottom, 

and swift current.

The gage is attached to a tree on the left bank 700 feet above the 

bridge."

Discharge measurements of Little Tennessee River near Franklin, N. C., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907.

July 17........

Do.........

Do.........

Do.........

1908.

Do.........

Hydrographer.

.....do..............................................

B. M. Hall, jr... ...................................

F. P. Thomas .....................................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

M. R. Hall .........................................

.....do..............................................

W. A. Lamb. ......................................

Width.

Feet. 

126

125

125

123

123

112

112

112

125

125

120

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

267

245

245

215

217

185

182

182

278

287

269

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.56

1.56

1.21

1.20

1.13

1.19

1.17

2.18

2.16

1.95

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

550

547

414

428

351

348

342

843

849

a All records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United 

States Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. 

Pratt, state geologist, in a bulletin entitled " Water powers of North Carolina."
166 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Tennessee River near Franklin, N. C.,for 1907 and

1908.

[Observer, T. W. Angel.]

Day.

1907. 

1...............

2.... ..........

3...............

4...............

0...............

.7... ...........

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

18.. .............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19. ..............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25. ..............

26...............

27.......----.--.

28...............

29...............

31...............

1908. 

1...............

2..............

3...............

4...............

5...............

7...............

8. ..............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14.. .............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

25...............

26...............

27........ .......

28...............

29...............

30...............

31

Jan.

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

4.0

3.6

3.5

3.35

3.2

2.7

3.0

7.1

5.2

4.6

3.3

3.2

2.7

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.25

2.2

3.0

Feb.

2.7

2.6

2.55

2.5

3.0

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.35

3.2

2.7

2.85

2.75

9.7

6.1

5.2

4.0

4.1

3.7

3.2

2.9

2.85

2.8

3.0

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.7

Mar.

2.7

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.45

2.45

2.4

2.4

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.5

3.35

2.9

3.4

6.0

4.9

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.5

Apr.

2.5

2.45

2.45

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.05

2.0

4.1

3.5

2.95

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.35

2.2

7.0

4.7

4.2

3.7

3.35

3.1

May.

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.65

2.6

3.9

3.0

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.55

2.45

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.9

2.4

2.25

2.2

2.3

2.5

2.2

2.55

2.3

2.3

2.2

June.

1.85

1.8

2.0

1.85

1.8

1.7

1.65

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.65

1.8

2.3

1.9

1.8

1.75

1.8

2.1

2.0

2.3

2.2

2.5

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.95

2.8

2.4

2.25

2.1

2.0

1.85

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.85

1.85

July.

1.8

1.8

1.75

2.0

1.9

1.7

1.7

1.65

l.(j

1.6

i.e.

1.8

1.85

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.6

1. 55

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.8

1.8

1.85

2.9

2.4

2.1

2.6

2.2

2.8

3.0

2.9

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.95

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.85

1.85

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.55

1.55

2.0

1.9

1.85

1.75

Aug.

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.0

1.55

1.7

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.4

1.35

1.25

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.5

1 9

1.85

1.85

1.8

1.7

1.65

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.45

2.7

2.5

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.1

Sept.

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.05

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

.9

.9

.9

6.7

2.6

2.0

1.6

1.5

2.7

2.5

2.0

2.05

2.0

1.95

1.95

2.3

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.3

1.25

1.25

Oct.

1.7

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.2

1.15

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.5

2.4

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

2.7

2.6

1.7

1.3

1.2

1.5

2.7

2.2

1.7

Nov.

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.6

2

f\

1.8

1 ft

1.8

1.7

1. 05

1.7

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.85

1 «

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.7

1.4

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.4

1,5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.7

1.6

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.6

1.4

Dec.

2.0

2.1

2.3

2.4

2.45

2.4

2.6

2

t\z

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

3.2

3.4

3.4

3

0

3.2

3.0

3.0

2.95

2.9

2.8

2

7K

2.7

1.8

2.2

1.85

1.85

1.75

4 4

3.0

2.4

2.9

2.6

2.3

2.1

2.0

1 9

1.9

1.95

1.9

1.85

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1'

2.5
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 167

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Tennessee River near Franklin, N. C.,for 1901

and 1908.

Day.

1907.

2.. .............

3...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

24...............

25...............

20...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

1908. 

1...............

2

3...............

4... ... ..... .

5...............

6...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13... .. .. ...

14...............

'15...............

16... ..... ..

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25. ..............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29. ..............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1,010

950

920.

920

920

920

920

860

Feb.

.......

.......

.....

.......

1,070

1,040

1,040

980

980

QCA

.......

.::.:.. .......

Mar.

1,130

1,100

1,070

1,040

1,010

1,010

980

1.100

1,070

1,040

1,010

980

950

1,040

1,100

1,070

1 040

Apr.

1,040

1,010

1,010

980

1,040

980

Q9Q

778

750

1,100

1,010

980

950

860

May.

1,130

1.100

1,100

1,070

1,010

950

920

920

920

890

860

980

890

800

920

1,040

860

1,070

920

920

860

June.

ti70

750

(570

595

570

645

645

570

920

695

645

620

805

920

860

1,040

920

890

860

860

832

805

750

750

722

980

890

750

670

805

750

750

722

695

695

670

670

670

July.

645

645

620

750

695

595

595

570

545

545

645

670

620

595

570

522

500

455

455

435

455

435

435

415

645

645

670

980

805

1,100

860

805

750

722

805

750

695

670

645

670

670

620

595

570

522

522

750

695

670

620

Aug.

398

398

398

398

380

380

362

362

345

345

345

455

455

435

545

522

595

750

645

595

545

522

500

435

398

380

362

345

328

328

595

545

522

522

500

695

670

670

645

595

570

522

500

500

478

478

478

522

500

500

478

1,040

1,100

1,040

1,010

920

860

805

805

Sept.

328

310

310

328

345

345

345

345

328

345

328

310

310

310

310

310

310

292

275

275

275

1,100

750

545

500

1,040

750

778

750

722

722

920

805

750

695

645

645

620

595

545

522

500

478

478

435

415

415

415

398

398

380

380

380

362

415

398

398

Oct.

595

500

478

415

398

380

362

345

345

328

310

310

310

328

310

310

310

310

310

310

310

310

345

345

345

362

380

362

380

380

380

362

362

500

980

500

415

380

380

362

380

380

380

380

380

380

380

1,100

595

415

380

500

860

595

Nov.

345

345

345

0 AK

545

750

645

645

645

595

570

570

750

695

695

695

645

645

645

750

750

750

750

750

695

595

455

750

645

545

455

500

500

500

500

545

645

545

500

500

500

545

455

545

545

522

500

500

Dec.

920

920

980

980

1,100

1,130

1,130

1.100

1,100

1,100

1,040

645

860

670

670

620

570

1,100

980

1,100

920

805

750

695

695

722

695

670

980

860

860

805

805

1,040

NOTE. Dally discharges for 1907 and 1908 based on a well-defined rating curve. 

beginning June 12,1907, the discharge was greater than 1,150 second-feet.

On missing days
168 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 190*7-8.

LITTLE TENNESSEE RIVER AT JUDSON, N. C.

This station is located at the Southern Railway bridge, about onefourth mile from Judson, N. C., and a short distance below the 

mouth of Sawyer Branch. It was established in June, 1896, for the 

purpose of supplying general run-off and water power data. The 

station is 2£ miles below the mouth of Nantahala River and about 4 

miles above the mouth of Tuckaseegee River.

During 1903 the original wire gage was replaced by a standard 

chain gage having the same location and datum, which was used 

until June 30, 1905. Since July 1, 1905, a vertical gage, bolted to a 

solid rock on the right bank, about 100 feet above the bridge, has 

been used. This gage was set to read with the chain gage at a gage 

height of 3 feet, but owing to the large amount of slope in the river 

the actual elevation of its zero is 0.50 foot above the datum of the 

chain gage.

The river bed is rocky and uneven and the current is swift and 

rough, making measurements difficult at any but low stages."

Discharge measurements of Little Tennessee River at Judson, N. C., in 1907.

Date.

Oct. 18........

Hydrographer.

O. P. Hall. . ........................................

Width.

Feet.

139

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

297

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.64

Discharge.

Sec.-ff.

818

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Tennessee River at Judson, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908.

[Observer, E. G. Enloe.]

Day.

1907. 

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7-......-.-.--..

8...............

9

10..... ..........

11...............

12...............

13...............

14 ..............

15...............

16............... 

17...............

18.. .............

19...............

20...............

Jan.

5.3

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.0

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.8 

3.8

3.8

3.7

4.0

Feb.

4.2

4.9

4.3

4.2

5.0

4.9

4.6

4.3

4.2

4.1

3.95

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.6 

3.55

3.5

3.5

3.5

Mar.

4.5

6.0

5.0

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.4

4.1

4.7

4.7

4.5

4.4

3.95

3.9 

3.85

3.8

3.7

3. 75

Apr.

3.55

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

4.0

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.6 

3.6

3.9

3.8

3.6

May.

3.8

3.75

3.7

4.2

3.7

4.4

3.2

4.0

5.0

4.4

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0 

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.7

June.

4.9

4.7

4.2

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.9

4.85

3.9

3.85

3.6

3.6

3.7

3.6

3.6 

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.5

July.

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.45

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.25

3.3

3.3

3.9

3.4

3.3

3.3 

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

Aug.

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.8

3.1

3.5

3.4 

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

Sept.

2.5

2.5

2.7

2.8

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.8

2.7

2.5

2.5 

2.5

2.5

2.45

2.45

Oct.

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.3

3.0

2.9

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7 

2.65

2.65

2.65

2.6

Nov.

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.85

2.8

2.8

3.4

3.3

3.25

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.0 

2.9

3.25

Q K

3.2

Dec.

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.05

3.05

4.8

4.3

4.0

3.8

3.6

5.5

4.5

4.3

4.0

3.6

3.6

3.6

a All records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United 

States Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. 

Pratt, state geologist, in a bulletin entitled "Water powers of North Carolina."
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 169

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Tennessee Hirer at Judson, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908-

Continued.

Day.

1907.

91

22...............

23...............

94

O^

26. ..............

27............... 

28...............

OQ

30...............

01

1908. i

2:::::::::::::::

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9............... 10...............

11...............

12...............

13............... 

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

si

Jan.

4.0

3.9

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.8

3.5 

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.5

4.8

4.5

4.3

4.2

6.0

5.0

4.7

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.1

8.5

6.5 

5.1

5.0

4.7

4.8

4.55

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.15

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.9

4.0

4.0

3.95

3.9

Feb.

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.7

3.8

3.8 

3.8

.......

4.1

4.4

4.3

4.25

4.2

4.5

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.2

4.5

4.9

5.2 

5.3

10.9

7.9

6.5

5.5

5.3

5.1

4.9

4.7

4.4

4.4

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.2

4.2

Mar.

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.55 

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.6

4.5

4.4

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.0

5.0

4.5 

4.45

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.0

3.9

5.1

5.1

4.6

6.0

7.5

6.2

5.5

5.2

5.0

4.7

4.5

4.4

Apr.

3.5

3.5

5.0

5.5

5.1

4.9

4.0 

3.95

3.9

3.9

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.95

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6 

3.55

4.7

5.0

4.5

4.2

4.3

4.2

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.7

7.0

7.0

6.5

5.0

4.7

4.7

May.

3.6

3.5

3.45

3.45

3.5

4.0

4.0 

3.6

3.5

3.45

3.9

4.8

4.7

4.5

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.1

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.9 

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9

4.4

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.6

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.2

4.0

4.0

3.6

June.

3.65

3.65

3.6

3.6

4.5

3.9

3.6 

3.7

3.9

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.45

3.4

3.45

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.6

3.4

3.4 

4.0

4.7

3.6

3.4

3.35

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

July.

3.2

3.1

2.9

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.1 

3.0

2.9

3.1

3.1

2.9

2.9

3.0

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.1

4.7

4.0

4.2

3.6

3.5

3.5 

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.5

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.5

3.4

3.0

3.0

2.9

Aug.

3.0

2.9

3.05

3.0

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

3.0

4.0

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.85

2.8

2.85

2.8

2.8

2.85

2.8

2.95

4.0

4.0

4.05

5.4

4.45

3.8

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.1

Sept.

2.4

2.7

7.0

4.0

3.5

3.3

3.0 

3.1

4.4

3.7

3.05

3.0

2.95

2.9

3.0

4.0

3.3

3.1

3.0

2.95

2.9

2.85

2.8 

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.65

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.7

2.6

Oct.

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.8 

2.75

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.45

2.45

2.4

2.4

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.7 

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.45

4.0

5.0

5.2

3.0

2.9

3.0

4.0

3.6

3.2

Nov.

3.8

4.0

4.4

5.8

4.6

4.2

3.9

o « 

3.6

3.5

3.1

3.0

2.9

3.0

2.95

2.9

2.85

2.8

2.8

2.8

3.8

3.2

3.1 

3.5

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.95

2.9

2.85

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2

0

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

Dec.

3.55

3.5

6.3

5.1

4.5

4.3

4.2 

4.1

3.9

6.5

5.5

3.8

3.3

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

5.0

8.4

7.6

5.6

4.4

4.1

3.9 

3.8

4.4

A 0

4.0

3.8

3.5

3.4

5.1

5.0

4.3

4.1

3.8

3.8

3.9

4.0

4.1

Rating table for Little Tennessee River at Judson, N. C., for 1907 and 1908.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.40

2.50

2.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

600

670

740

2. 70 810

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

C.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

890

970

1,060

1,150

1,250

1,350

1,460

1,580

1,700

1,830

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

; 4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4.90

5.00

5.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,970

2,110

2,260

2,420

2,580

2,750

2,920

3,100

3,280

3,470

3,660

3,860

4,060

4,270

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.20

5.30

5.40

5.50

5.60

5.70

5.80

5.90

.6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

4,480

4,700

4,920

5,150

5,380

5,620

5,860

6,110

6,360

6,870

7,390

7,930

8,490

7.00 9,070

Gage 

height.

Feet.

7.20

7.40

7.60

7.80

8.00

8.20

8.40

8.60

8.80

9.00

10.00

11.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

9,670

10, 290

10, 930

11,600

12,300

13, 030

13,800

14, 600

15,400

16,200

20,700

25,500

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based upon 10 discharge 

measurements made during 1905 to 1907 and form of previous curves and is well denned between gage 

heights 2.6 feet and 11.0 feet.
170 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Monthly discharge of Little Tennessee River at Judson, N. C., for 1907 and 1908. 

[ Drainage area, 675 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

July.....................................

November..... ........ ......... ......

1908.

April.....................................

July.....................................

The year

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,700 

4,060 

6,360 

5,150 

4,060 

3,860 

2,110 

1,580 

9,070 

1,350 

5,860 

7,660

9,070

14,200 

25,000 

10,600 

9,070 

3,660 

3,470 

3,470 

4,920 

2,260 

4,480 

1,970 

13,800

95 000

Minimum.

1,060 

1,580 

1,460 

1,250 

1,250 

1,580 

970 

670 

600 

670 

890 

1,100

600

2,110 

2,260 

2,110 

1,640 

1,150 

970 

970 

890 

670 

600 

810 

1,060

600

Mean.

2,340 

2,240 

2,410 

2,100 

2,080 

2,060 

1,280 

964 

1,260 

897 

1,620 

2,610

1,820

3,480 

4,430 

3,600 

3,160 

2,260 

1,460 

1,540 

1,470 

936 

1,130 

1,040 

2,980

2,290

Per 

square 

mile.

3.47 

3.32 

3.57 

3.11 

3.08 

3.05 

1.90 

1.43 

1.87 

1.33 

2.40 

3.87

2.70

5.16 

6.56 

5.33 

4.68 

3.35 

2.16 

2.28 

2.18 

1.39 

1.67 

1.54 

4.41

3.39

Run-of 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

4.00 

3.46 

4.12 

3.47 

3.55 

3.40 

2.19 

1.65 

2.09 

1.53 

2.68 

4.46

36.60

5.95 

7.08 

6.14 

5.22 

3.86 

2.41 

2.63 

2.51 

1.55 

1.92 

1.72 

5.08

46*. 07

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A.

LITTLE TENNESSEE RIVER AT McGHEE, TENN.

This station is located at the Louisville and Nashville Railroad 

bridge about one-third mile south of McGhee Station, Tenn., and 

one-half mile below the mouth of Tellico River. It was established 

by the United States Weather Bureau late in 1904, the gage readings beginning November 29 of that year. Since that time discharge 

measurements have been made by the United States Geological 

Survey and the daily gage readings have been furnished by the 

Weather Bureau.

Although the river is navigable up to the station, there are very 

great water power possibilities a short distance above.

The section is about 530 feet wide at ordinary stages. The current 

is very swift even at low water and is somewhat broken at places, 

but is fairly good for measuring purposes.

The gage is a boxed chain gage located on the railroad bridge. 

Owing to a new location of the railroad, a new crossing of the river 

was made 1,000 feet above the did one. The gage was moved to the 

new bridge December 1, 1905, and was set to read the same as before 

by raising its datum the exact amount of the slope of river between 

the points (0.30 foot at gage height 4 feet).a

« All records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United 

States Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. 

Pratt, state geologist, in a bulletin entitled "Water power's of North Carolina."
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 171

Discharge measurements of Little Tennessee River at McGhee, Tenn., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907. 

April 27 .......

1908.

Hydrographer.

M. R. Hall....................------......---.----.

M. R. nail...................... ---..............-.

Width.

Feet.

485

462

372

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

2,020

1,200

1,310

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.05

3.29

3.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

8,500

4,530

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Tennessee River at McGhee, Tenn., for 1907 and 1908.

Day.

1907. 

1.. .... .......

2. ....

4.. ---,.- ....... 

5...............

G............... 

7. .............. 

8. .............

9

10...............

11.. ............. 

12..---,.-....... 

13..---.,........ 

14...............

15............... 

16............... 

17.

18...............

19...............

20...............

21............... 

22. ...... 

23...............

24..---.......... 

25...............

26............... 

27...............

28............... 

29...............

30...............

31...............

1908. 

1.. .............

2.. .. ......

3...............

4.. ......

5...............

6...............

7 ..............

8...............

9............... 

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14..

15...............

16.. . .

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21..

22...............

23.. 

24.. 

25...............

26...............

27............... 

28. ..............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

7. 5 

6.3

5.7

5.5

E 0

5.0 

4.8 

4.7

4.6

4.5 

4.4 

4.3 

4.3

4.1 

4. 1

4.3

4.7 

4.2 

4.1

4.0 

4.0

4.0 

4.0

3.9 

3.8

3.7

3.8

6.2

5.0

9.5 

7.0

5.9

C (\

5.1

4.8

4.6

10.8

8.9

6 9

5.6

5.6

6.1

5.5

5.1

4 9

4.7

4.7 

4.5

4.2

4.4 

4.4

4.2 

4.1

4.0

Feb.

4.4 

9.1

6.2

5.3 

6.0

6.2 

5.5 

5.1

4 9

4.6

4.5 

4.4 

4.3 

4.2

4.1

4.0 

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.8 

3.8

0 Q

3.7 

4.4

4.1 

5.0

4.8

5.0

5.3

4.2

4.3

4.4 

4.5

4.7

4.3

4.2 

4.3

4.5

4.7

5.2

6.6

10.0

7 9

6.6

6.1

n 1

5.2

5.0

4.9

4 9

4.5

4.3

Mar.

4.6 

5.5

6 9

5.6 

5.0

4.8 

4.5 

5.4

5.2

6.6 

5.5

4.4 

4.7

5.6

5.4 

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.4

4.3 

4.2 

4.1

4.0 

4.0

3.9 

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.7

5.2

5.3

5.8

5.6

5.2 

5.2

5.1

5.0

4.8 

4.7

4.5

6.5

6.5

5.2

5.0

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.6

7 Q

6.1

5.5 

10.6

f» Q

6.1

5.4 

5.2

5.0

Apr.

4.6 

4.2

3.9

3.8 

3.7

3.9 

4.2 

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.0 

3.9 

3.9 

3.8

3.7

3.9 

4.3

4. 1

4.7 

4.4 

5.2

6.0 

5.2

4.8 

5.2

5.0 

4.6

4.4

4.9

4.7

4.6

4.4

4.3 

4.7

4.5

4.3

4.2 

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

3 9

3.9

5.0

4.6

4.8

4.6

4.2

4.1 

4.1

4.7

Q o

6.1

5.0

4.8

May.

4.3 

4.2

4.1

5.1 

5.0

4.5 

5.8 

0.1

5.1

5.1 

5.9 

5.2 

4.9

4.7

4.9 

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.0 

3.9 

3.8

3.8 

3.8

4.0 

4.5

4.1 

3.8

3.7

3.8

5.0

4.5

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.5

4.6

5.7

4.8 

4.6

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.8

4.2

4.7

5.5

4.6

4.3

4.1 

4.4 

4.1

A o

4.2 

4.2

4.1 

4.5

4.1

June.

4.8 

5.6

4.6

4.2 

4.0 

4.0

5.3

4.8 

4.5 

4.2 

4.5

4.5

4.0 

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.9

3.9 

3.7 

3 9

4.3 

5.3

4.5 

4.4

4.0

7.7

5.0

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.8

4.1 

4.0

3.9

3.7

3.6 

3.5

3.7

3.8

3.5

3.5

4.4

4.3

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.4

3.4 

3.3

q 7

3.2 

3.1

3.1 

3.0

July.

4.4 

4.1

3.4

4.1 

3.9

3.7 

3.6 

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.4 

3.4 

5.5 

4.5

4.0

3.7 

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.5 

3.3 

3.2

3.2 

3.1

3.3 

3.3

3.1 

3.0

3.7

3.6

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.6

4.7 

4.5

4.3

6.2

4.5 

4.4

4.1

4.0

3.7

3.5

3.7

3.5

3.5

3.3

3.7

3.7

3.2

3.1

3.0 

3.1 

3.1

o n

3.0 

3.0

2.9 

3.2

3.0

Aug.

3.0 

3.1

3.0

2.9 

9 9

3.3 

3.3 

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9 

2.9 

3.2 

3.0

3.1

3.3 

3.5

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.0 

3^2

3.2 

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8 

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

3.1

3.8

4.8

3.8

4.6 

4.3

3.6

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.9

2 9

2.9

3.0

3.0

5.2

6.6 

4.3

A c

5.1

4.3 

3.8

3.6 

3.4

3.3

Sept.

2.6 

2.6

2.6

2.8 

2.8

2.8 

2.6 

2.7

3.4

3.0

3.0 

3.5 

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.5 

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4 

3.0

6.3

6.6 

4.3

3.5 

3.2

3.2 

5.2

4.5

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.9 

4.2

3.9

3.3

3.1 

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.5 

2.5 

2.5

9 ^

2.4 

2.4

2.6 

2.7

Oct.

3.8 

3.5

3.3

3.2 

1 %

3.9 

3.4 

3.3

3.2

3.1 

3.0 

2.9 

2.9

2.8

2.8 

2.8

2.8

2.7

2. 7 

2.7

2 7

2.7

2.7

2.6 

2.7

3.2 

3.1

2.8

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4 

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.3 

3.3

3.6

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

9 q

9 q

2.3

2.4 

4.0

9 £

3.0

2.7 

2.6

3.2 

4.0

3.5

Nov.

2.6

2 7

3.5 

3.1

3.0 

3.0 

2.9

2.8

3.9

5.0 

4.0

3.6 

3.4

3.3

3.2 

3.1

3.2

3.9

3.7

3.5

4.8 

4 9

9.8

5.3

4.7

4.3 

4.1

3.9

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8 

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6 

2.6

2.7

3.3

3.1

2 9

3.0

3.1

2.9

2.8

2.8

9 R

2.7

2.7

2.7 

2.7

9 7

2.7

2.7 

2.6

2.6 

2.6

Dec.

3.7 

3.0

1 ^

3.5

3.2 

3.3 

3.3

3.2

3.7

5.4

4.2 

4.0 

4.3

5.8

4.9 

4.5

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.8 

3.8 

4.0

6.5 

5.2

4.6 

4.5

4.3

4.2

5.3

8.8

2.6

4.1

Q ft

3.1

3.1 

3.0

8.0

9 2

5.6 

4.7

4.2

4.7

4.9

4.1

3 9

3.8

3.7

3.6

1 n

q q

A o

8.5 

5.7

A Q

4.7

4.4 

4.1

4.5 

4.5

4.8
172 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Rating table for Little Tennessee Hirer at McGhee, Tenn.,for 1906 to 1908.

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60 

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30 

3.40

3.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,650

1,790

1,940

2,090

2,250 

2,420

2,600

2,790

2,990

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00 

4.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4,380

4,630

4,890

5,150

5,410 

5,680

4.20 5,950

4.30 i 6,220

4. 40 : 6, 500

3,200 ' 4. 50 6,780

3,420 4.60 7,000

3,650 

3,890

4,130

4.70 7,350 

4.80 7,040

4.90 7,930

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.30

5.40 

5.50

5.60

5.70

5.80

5.90

6.00

6.20 

6.40

6.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

8,220

8,520

8,820

9,120

9,420 

9,720

10,020

10, 320

10, 620

10, 920

11,220

11,840 

12,460

13,080

Gage j Disheight. , charge.

Feet. Sec.-ft. 

6.80 13,700

7.00 14,320

7.20 ' 14,960

7.40 15,600

7.60 16,240 

7.80 16,880

8.00 17,520

8. 20 18, 180

8.40 18,840

8.60 , 19,500

8.80 20,160

9. 00 ! 20, 820 

10.00 24,220

11.00 27,720

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based upon 13 discharge 

measurements made during 1903 to 1908 and one in 1901, and is well defined between gage heights 2.2 feet 

and 5.0 feet.

Monthly discharge of Little Tennessee River at McGhee, Tenn.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Drainage area, 2,470 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

May.....................................

July.....................................

1908.

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

15,900 

21,200 

14,000 

11,200 

11,500 

16,600 

9,720 

4,130 

13,100 

5,150 

23,500 

20, 200

23,500

27,000 

27,700 

26,300 

18, 500 

10, 300 

6,500 

11,800 

13,100 

5,950 

5.410 

3,650 

21,500

27,700

Minimum.

4,630 

4,630 

4,630 

4,630 

4,630 

4,380 

2,990 

2,420 

1,940 

2,250 

2,250 

3,420

1,940

5, 410 

5,950 

6,780 

5,150 

4,890 

2,990 

2,790 

2.420 

1.940 

1,650 

2,250 

2,250

1,650

Mean.

6,940 

7,490 

7,560 

6,630 

6,950 

6,910 

4,490 

3,140 

3,820 

3,090 

5,680 

6,500

5.770

9,910 

9,610 

10,400 

7,370 

C, 580 

4,420 

4.470 

4,740 

2,700 

2, 540 

2,590 

7,230

6, 050

Per 

square 

mile.

2.81 

3. 03 

3.06 

2.69 

2.81 

2.80 

1.82 

1.27 

1.55 

1.25 

2.30 

2.63

2.34

4.01 

3.89 

4.21 

2.98 

2.66 

1.79 

1.81 

1.92 

1.12 

1.03 

1.05 

2.93

2.45

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.24 

3.16 

3.53 

3.00 

3.24 

3.12 

2.10 

1.46 

1.73 

1.44 

2.57 

3.03

31.62

4.62 

4.20 

4.85 

3.32 

3.07 

2.00 

2.09 

2 21 

L25 

1.19 

1.17 

3.38

33.35

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

CULLASAJA RIVER AT CTJLLASAJA, N. C.

This station is located at a wagon bridge at Cullasaja, N. C., 5 miles 

southeast of Franklin, N. C., and about 1 mile below the mouth of 

Ellijay Creek. It was established June 13, 1907, in cooperation with 

the Forest Service to supply data relative to the water resources in 

the Southern Appalachian Mountains.
TENNESSEE RIVEE BASIN. 173

Discharge measurements are made from the wagon bridge where 

the section is excellent for making measurements.a

Discharge measurements of Culiasaja River at Cullasaja, N. C., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907.

Do.........

Do.........

Do.........

1908. 

May 23. ........ 

Do.........

Do.........

Hydrographer.

B. M. Hall, jr. .....................................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

M. R. Hall......................................... 

.....do..............................................

.....do..............................................

W. A. Lamb .......................................

Width.

Feet. 

37

36

36

33

33

34

34

39 

39

39

38

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

90

79

80

71

64

90

97

91

Gage 

height.

Feet. i.<;o

1.32

1.32

95

.95

.94

1.78

1.78

1.78

1 59

Discharge.

SrC.-Jt.

187

131

126

78

84

80

82

208 

209

190

172

Daily gage height, infect, of ('ullasaja River at Cullasaja, N. C'., for 1907 and 1908.

[Observer, J. M. Moore.]

Day.

1907. 

1...............

2...............

3.... ...... .....

5...............

6...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

IS...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29

OA

01

1908. 

1. ....... .......

2............... 

3...............

5...............

6............... 

7. ..............

8...............

9............... 

10...............

Jan.

" 

2.65

2.4 

2.15

2.7

2.8

2.45 

2.35

2.2

2.1 

2.0

Feb.

.......

2.5

2.3 

2.15

2.0

1.95

2.1 

1.95

1.9

1.9

2.05

Mar.

2.35

2.45 

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.0

2. 05 

2.05

Apr.

2.1

2.5

2.0

2.0

2.05

2.0 

1.9

1.9

1.85 

1.85

May.

.......

2.5

2 4 

2.35

O OK

2.2

2.1 

3.0

2.4

2.3 

2.25

June.

.......

.......

1 6

1.8

1.65

1.65

1.45

1.45

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.45

9 9

1.75

2.05

1.8

1.75

2.2

1.75

1.4

1.8

1.65 

1.6

1.8

1.75 

1.55

1.5

1.5 

1.5

July.

1.65

1.55

1.7

1.65

1.45

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.35

1.6

1.4

1.65

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.3

1.1

1.1

1.1 

1.1

1.15

1.4

1.2

1.4

1.4

1.5

2.0

1.7

1.85 

1.8

1.75

2.5 

1.95

Aug.

1.05

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.0

1.0

.95

1.1

1 25

1.1

1 25

1.2

1.0

1.05

1.5

1.25

1.55

1.5

1.05

1.0

1.1

1.0

.95

.9 

1.0

.95

.95

.95

1.15

1.0 

1.05

1.0

1.15

1.7 

1.3

1.4

1.5 

1.3

Sept.

0.9

1.1

1.45

1.0

1.0

.95

1.0

.95

9

9

1.2

.85

.85

.9

.9

9

.85

.85

.85

.8

.8

.95

3.0

1.65

1.6

1.0

1.0 

2.35

1.8

1.45

1.0

1.0 

1.1

1.1

2.4

1.85 

1.45

1.4

1.3 

1.2

Oct.

1.25

1.15

1.1

1.05

1.3

1.0

1.2

1.0

1.0

.95

.95

.9

.9

.9

g

.9

.9

.9

.9

.85

.85

.85

.8

.8

.8

1.1 

1.05

1.0

g

1.0

.9

.9

.9

.85

.85

.85

.85

1.85 

1.9

Nov.

0.9

2.1

1.8

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

1.05

1.3

1.25

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.0

2.3

1.5

1.45

2.95

2.25

2.85

3.8

2.4

2.1

1.8 

1.75

1.65

1.6

1.5

1.3 

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.35 

1.35

1.25

1.25 

1.2

Dec.

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.3

2.3

3.0

1.8

2.0

1.95

3.65

2.85

2.0

2.25

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

4 0

3.0

2.65

2.5

2.35 

2.35

2.15

3.9

2.8

2.35

1.8 

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.5 

4.6

2. S

2.5 L 1

a All records of discharge at this station have been collected by engineers of the United States Geological 

Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. Pratt, state geologist, 

in a bulletin entitled "Water powers of North Carolina,"
174 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cullasaja River at Cullasaja, N. C..for 1907 and 1908 Con.

Day.

1908. 

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18............... 

19...............

2°

23...............

24............... 

25. ..............

26. ..............

27...............

28

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

4.1

4.5

3.4

3.05

2.85

2.8

2.6 

2.45 

2.35 

2.25

2 2

2.15

2.0 

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

Feb.

2.3

2.9

3.1

3.2

6.0

4.5

4.3 

3.1

3.0 

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.45 

2.35

2.45

2. -i

2.35

2.2

Mar.

2.25

2.35

2.05

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.95 

1.9 

1.85 

2.0

2.45

2.15

4.5

3.5 

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

Apr.

l.S

1.75

1.7

1.7

2.5

2.35

2.35 

2.3 

2.2 

2.05

2.05

1.95

1.9

4.7 

3.4

3.4 "3.0

2 7

2.6

2.6

May.

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0 

2.0 

2. 05 

2.0

1.95

1.85

1.8

1.9 

1.85

2.3

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.8

June.

1.5

1.65

1.5

2.25

1.8

1.75 

1.65 

1.55 

1.55

1.65

1.55

1.5

2.15 

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

July.

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5 

1.5 

1.5 

1.45

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3 

1.3

1.35

1.2

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.2

Aug.

1.25

1.15

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.05

1.2 

1.15 

1.15 

1.1

1.1

2.1

2.0

3.5 

3.0

2.2

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.5

1.4

Sept.

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.1 

1.05 

1.0 

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0 

.95

1.0

1.0

1.3

1.0

1.0

Oct.

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

.9 

.9 

.9 

.9

.9

1.15

3.2

1.85 

1.4

1.4

1.2

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

Nov.

1.7

1.4

1.2

1.75

1.6

1.4

1.35 

1.3 

1.3 

1.35

1.35

1.25

1.25

1.2 

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1

Dec.

2.0

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.75 

1.75 

1.7 

1.7

1.7

3.4

2.4

2.3 

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cullasaja River at Cullasaja, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908.

Day.

1907. 

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

8...............

9 .

10. ..............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

17...............

18...............

19

20. ..............

21...............

22

93

24. ..............

25...............

26. ..............

27

98

29...............

30...............

31...............

1908. 

1...............

2.. .............

3 1...............

4... ............

8...............

9...............

10...............

Jan.

248

Feb.

248

238

238

228

228

Mar.

248

Apr.

.......

....... 

.......

248

248

248

228

228

219

219

May. June.

175

210

184

184

152

152

159

175

159

152

2oi

210

201

201

144

210

184

175

184

210

201

167

159

159

159

July.

184

167

167

192

184

152

144

144

129

129

136

192

144

184

136

129

129

129

122

108

101

129

101

101

101

101

108

144

115

144

144

159

248

192

219

210

201

238

Aug.

94

94

88

88

88

115

88

88

82

82

101

122

101

122

115

88

94

122

167

159

94

88

101

88

82

76

88

82

82

108

88

94

88

108

192

129

144

159

129

Sept.

76

101

152

88

88

82

88

82

115

70

76

76

70

70

65

82

184

175

88

88

210

152

88

88

101

101

219

152

144

129

115

Oct.

122

108

101

94

129

88

88

115

88

88

82

82

76

76

76

' 7676

76

76

70

70

65

65

65

101

94

88

82

76

88

76

76

76

70

70

70

219

228

Nov.

70

210

94

88

88

88

88

82

94

129

122

101

101

94

94

88

1^9

152

210

201

184

175

159

129

152

144

144

136

136

122

122

115

Dec.

159

152

152

136

136

136

136

129

210

248

238

248

248

228

210

210

210 192'

159

159

150

(See note at foot of table, next page.)
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 175

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cullasaja River at Cullasaja, N. C., for 1907 and

1908 Continued.

Day.

1908. 

11...............

16...............

1C

19

20.... ...........

21...............

00

24...............

25...............

2f>

90

29

01

Jan.

*

24S

248

248

248

238

228

228

Feb. Mar.

94S

238

228

219

Apr.

210

192

192

238

May.

248

248

248

248

248

248

248

238

219

210

228

219

248

228

228

219

210

June.

119

184

159

210

201

184

167

107

184

167

159

159

152

144

144

144

144

July.

219

219

219

192

175

159

159

159

159

152

136

129

1 99

129

129

136

115

144

129

129

115

Aug.

122

108

101

94

88

94

115

108

108

101

101

248

210

201

192

159

144

Sept.

88

88

88

88

101

101

101

94

88

88

88

88

88

88

82

88

88

129

88

88

Oct.

101

88

88

88

88

82

76

76

76

76

76

108

219

144

115

Nov.

192

144

115

201

175

144

136

129

129

136

136

122

122

115

115

108

108

101

101

Dec.

248

248

210

201

201

201

192

192

192

238

238

238

NOTE. Daily discharges for 1907 and 1908 based on a well-defined rating curve. On missing days, beginning June 13, 1907, the discharge was greater than 250 second-feet.

NANTAHALA RIVER NEAR NANTAHALA, N. C.

This station was established May 22, 1907, in cooperation with the 

Forest Service, though discharge measurements referred to a bench 

mark had been made before. It is at Mathew Cole's footbridge, 

about 1 mile up the river from Nantahala and just above Nelsons 

Creek.

A flume for transporting lumber, taking its water from a tributary 

creek several miles above, passes the station. The water flowing in 

the flume is measured wrhen the station is visited and is usually about 

10 to 12 second-feet. This flow is not included with the regular 

measurements.

The gage has the same datum as the bench marks formerly used.0

Discharge measurements of Nantahala River near Nantahala, N. C., in 1904 to 1908.

Date.

1904.

Octobers......

1907.

May 22.........

August 23......

Do.........

October 17.....

1908.

Hydrographer.

O. P. Hall..........................................

F. A. Murray... ...................................

F. P. Thomas. . ....................................

.....do..............................................

O. P. Hall. .........................................

F. P. Thomas. .....................................

Width.

Feet.

50

64

66

66

60

65

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

120

208

190

190

171

180

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.82

1.76

1.50

1.50

1.25

1.29

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

115

388

326

231

217

a Records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United States 

Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. Pratt, 

state geologist, in a bulletin entitled "Water powers of North Carolina."
176 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gageheight, in feet, of Nantahala River near Nantahala, N. C., for 1907 and 1908.

[Observer, Mathew Cole.]

Day.

1907. 

1...............

2...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7.. ............

9...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22

23...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

30

01

1908. 

1............... 

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

12...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

19

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30

31...............

Jan.

2.45 

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.8

2.3

2.2

2.1

0 A

3.6

3.0

2.75

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.2

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

Feb.

2.5 

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.05

2.0

2.2

2.65

9 S

4.2

0 OK

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

Mar.

2.2 

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.2

2.65

2.35

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.55

2.35

2.3

3.6

3.65

3.0

2.75

2.7

2.55

2.45

2.4

2.3

Apr.

2! 15

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.95

1 9

1.9

1.85

1.8

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.9

3.6

2.65

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

May.

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.75

2.25

2.05

1.85

1.8

1.8

2.55

2.3 

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.55

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.0

1.95

1.9

1 9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.95

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

June.

3.0

2.35

2.15

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.85

2.55

2.15

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

2.05

1 9

1.75

1.7

1.75

1.9

2.35

1.75

1.75 

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1 8

1.7

1.7

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1 3

July.

1.7

1.7

1.75

1-7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.5

1.5

2.15

2.0

1.75

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.7

1.75

1.5

1.3 

1.3

1.5

1.65

1.95

1.85

1.6

1.9

2.0

1.85

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.6

1.45

1.3

Aug.

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.55

1.5

2.0

1.65

1.45

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.3 

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

2.0

1.5

1.6

1.8

1.55

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.55

1.5

1.5

2.05

1.75

1.7

2.4

1.9

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.4

Sept.

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.25

1.25

1.1

1.55 1.3'

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

4.0

3.0

1.6

1.4

1.4

2.0

2.1

1.75

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

2.2

1.75

1.45

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.3

1.25

1.1

Oct.

1.7

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.7

1.45

1.4

1.6

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1 

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

2.2

1.5

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.85

1.5

1.4 .

Nov.

1.2

2.05

1.65

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

2.3

1.75

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.8

1 ft

2.4

2.3

2.05

1.9

1.85

1.7

1.3 

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

i 3

1.25

1.2

i **

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

Dec.

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.7

2.5

1.95

1.9

1.9

2.45

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

2.75

2.15

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.9

2.0

3.6

2.75

2.1 

1.65

1.4

1.35

1.55

4.0

2.7

2.3

2.0

2.0

2.3

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.7

2.65

2.15

2.05

1.95

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.95
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 177

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Nantahala Rixer near Nantahala, N. C.,for 1907 and

1908.

Day.

1907. 

1...............

2...

4...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

15...............

16...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30...............

01

1908. 

1...............

2........ ......

3...............

4...............

6...............

8...............

9...............

to...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22..... . ......

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27. ..............

28. ..............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan. Feb.

470

470

470

470

470

470

Mar.

470

1

Apr.

.......

470

470

470

470

438

422

406

470

438

May.

374

374

422

.......

......

470

438

438

438

438

438

438

438

438

454

422

406

406

406

June.

470

438

438

4J2

470

470

438

400

400

374

374

374

374

371

374

438

374

390

438

390

390

374

374

374

374

374

374

374

374

342

342

374

374

327

312

312

312

312

312

297

282

282

282

282

282

252

July.

374

390

374

374

374

374

358

312

312

342

342

374

374

342

312

297

282

282

282

282

374

390

252

252

358

422

342

438

374

342

342

327

312

312

297

342

312

282

267

252

252

252

252

252

252

342

297

252

Aug.

282

282

282

282

282

282

282

252

252

252

252

252

312

312

358

312

312

282

312

312

312

312

297

252

252

252

252

237

252

252

252

252

222

470

312

342

406

327

282

282

267

252

252

252

252

237

327

312

312

374

438

358

342

342

312

282

Sept.

222

222

222

222

222

222

222

237

237

327

252

222

193

193

179

165

165

165

193

342

282

282

282

282

390

297

282

252

252

252

252

222

222

193

193

193

252

237

193

Oct.

374

327

312

312

374

297

342

282

267

252

252

252

237

222

222

222

222

222

222

222

222

222

222

193

193

327

282

222

222

222

193

193

193

193

193

193

193

193

252

312

222

193

193

193

179

165

165

165

165

165

165

165

312 "252

252

237

222

422

312

282

Nov.

222

358

312

282

282

252

252

252

342

312

312

282

282

282

406

406

438

422

374

252

252

2,52

252

992

92^>

222

222

222

299

252

237

999

252

2b2

252

237

222

222

222

222

222

222

222

222

222

222

208

193

193

Dec.

342

342

312

312

312

312

312

374

454

438

438

406

406

374

374

454

438

358

282

267

252

327

470

470

438

438

406

406

390

374

374

374

454

438

406

406

406

406

454

NOTE. Daily discharge for 1907 and 1908 based on a fairly well-defined rating curve. On missing days 

beginning May 22,1907, the discharge was greater than 480 second-feet,

21144 IEE 243 10 12
178 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8. 

TUCKASEEGEE RIVER NEAR EAST LAPORT, N. C.

This station is located at the steel wagon bridge about 1\ miles 

downstream from East Laport, N. C. It was established May 27, 

1907, in cooperation with the Forest Service. The station is about 

2 miles below the mouth of Caney Fork.

Discharge measurements are made from the bridge. The current 

is good, and the bed is partly rock and should be fairly constant.a

Discharge measurements of Tuckaseegee River near East Laport, N. C., in 1907 and 1908,

Date.

1907. 

May 27.........

Do.........

October 21 .....

1908. 

April 17. .......

Hydrographer.

.....do..............................................

O. P. Hall. .........................................

Width.

Feet. 

113

107

107

98

118

110

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

228

172

153

296

198

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.00

1.20

1.15

2.48

1.58

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

459

197

735

194

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tuckaseegee River near East Laport, N. C., for 1907 and

1908.

[Observer, William Rogers.]

Day.

1907. 

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

7

g

Q

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16..............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan. Feb. Mar.

«

Apr. May.

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

2.0

June.

3.2

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.0

1 9

1 9

2.8

2.1

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.9

1.7

1.7

1.8

1 9

9 n

2.1

1.9

1.8

2.0

2.0

1.8

July.

1.8

1.7

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.7

1.4

Aug.

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

Sept.

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.1

5.0

3.0

2.0

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

Oct.

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

Nov.

1.2

2,1

1.5

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.6

1.5

1.5

3.5

2.2

3.4

3.5

2.2

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.7

Dec.

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1,2

1.2

1.2

1 4

7 A.yQ

2.5

2.0

2.0

4.0

3.0

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.7

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.5

2.4

2.2

2.0

4.0

3.0

a All records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United 

States Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. 

Pratt, state geologist, in a bulletin entitled ''Water powers of North Carolina."
TENNESSEE EIVEE BASIN. 179

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tuckaseegee River near East Laport, N. C., for 1907 and

1908 Continued.

Day.

1908. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12.. ............

13...............

14. ....... ...

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19............... 

20. ..............

21...............

23. .......... ... 

24...............

25...............

26...............

27............... 

28. ..............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

2.6

2.5

2.2

2.1

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.2

2.1

5.5

4.0

3.4

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.6 

2.5

2.4

9 Q

2.3 

2.2

2.1

2.2

2.2 

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

Feb.

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.3

2.2

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2

9 '

3.0

3.4

9.6

3.2

o n

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.6 

2.5

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.0

Mar.

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.4

2.3

2

0

2.3

2.2

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2 

2.2

0 f\

2 g

2.7 

4.2

3.5

3.0 

2.9

2.6

2.5

2.5

Apr.

2.4

 2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2 

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

4.0

3.0

2.8

2.5

2.4 

2.3

9 1

2.1 

2.0 e.4

3.0

2.7

2.6

May.

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

4.5

2.9

2.6

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.0

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.1

June.

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8 

1.8

1.8

2.4

2.0

9 1

2.3

1.9

1.8

1 S

1.7 

1 9

1.7 

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6 1.6-

1.6

July.

1.5

1.5

1.7

1.7

2.6

2.2

2.5 

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.1

1.9

1.8

1.7

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7 

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5 

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.5 

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.6

Aug.

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.9

1.8 

1.7

1.6

1.5

1 9

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4 

1 9

3.4

2.7 

2.3

3.7

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.1

1 9

1.6

Sept.

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.9

1.8 

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

Oct.

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1 

1.1

1.2

2.5

2.0

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1 

1.1

1.1

1.1

2.6 

2.0

1.5

1.4

1.4

2.2

2.9

2.0

1.8

Nov.

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5 

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4 

1.4

1.4

1.5

Dec.

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

5.0 

3.0

2.7

2.4

2.0

2.5

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6 

1.0

1.5

2.0

3.5 

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.0 

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.3

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tuckaseegee River near East Laport, N. C.,for 1907

and 1908.

Day.

1907. 

1. ..............

2. ..............

3. ..............

4. ..............

S. ..............

7...............

8. ..............

9. ..............

10...............

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

11

Jan.

.......

Feb.

.......

.......

Mar. Apr. May.

470

430

390

390

470

June.

560

430

430

510

390

390

430

390

355

325

325

430

355

855

390

430

470

510

430

470

470

July.

390

355

470

355

325

295

325

390

325

325

355

325

295

295

325

325

295

265

295

295

265

265

265

355

265

Aug.

265

235

235

235

235

265

265

265

265

265

265

265

295

325

295

265

235

235

235

235

205

205

205

205

205

Sept.

265

oor;

205

i sn

180

205

180

180

180

180

1 Cf\

160

180

180

470

265

265

235

235

OQC

Oct.

295

295

295

295

265

265

235

235

205

205

205

205

205

205

205

205

205

205

205

205

Nov.

205

510

295

205

180

one

265

325

one;

560

470

430

oce

Dec.

265

235

235

470

470

(See note at foot of table on next page.)
180 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tuckaseegee River near East Laport, N. C., for 1907

and 1908 Continued.

Day.

1908. 

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27. ..............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

560

510

560

510

G10

610

560

510

560

560

560

510

510

510

Feb.

610

560

610

560

560

560

610

560

470

470

Mar.

470

470

470

510

560

610

610

610

560

610

560

560

Apr.

610

610

560

560

560

560

560

510

510

510

470

470

610

560

510

510

470

470

May.

610

610

610

610

560

560

510

510

560

560

510

510

510

470

470

510

470

470

510

June.

470

470

470

470

430

430

390

390

390

510

470

470

510

610

430

390

390

355

430

390

355

355

355

355

355

325

325

325

295

July.

295

295

355

355

560

510

430

390

355

470

430

390

355

325

325

295

295

295

265

235

295

325

355

355

325

Aug.

325

295

295

295

325

430

390

355

325

295

430

265

265

265

295

295

295

265

265

430

470

610

510

430

325

Sept.

325

325

295

295

295

430

390

390

355

325

295

295

295

265

265

265

265

235

235

235

235

235

235

205

205

205

235

235

205

205

Oct.

205

205

205

205

205

180

180

180

205

470

235

235

235

235

205

205

205

180

180

180

180

470

295

265

265

560

470

390

Nov.

355

355

325

325

295

295

295

265

265

265

265

265

265

325

295

295

OQC

295

295

295

295

265

265

265

265

265

265

265

265

295

Dec.

295

325

295

295

295

295

470

470

430

390

355

355

325

325

325

295

470

610

560

470

470

470

510

610

NOTE. Daily discharge for 1907 and 1908 based on a well-defined rating curve. On missing days beginning May 27, 1907, the discharge was greater than 650 second-feet.

TUCKASEEGEE RIVER AT BRYSON, N. C.

This station is located at the highway bridge in the town of Bryson, 

N. C., one-half mile below the mouth of Deep Creek. The original 

station was established in June, 1896, at the Southern Railway bridge 

3 miles above Bryson, but was abandoned early in 1897 on account 

of poor section for measurements. The present station was established November 7, 1897, and has been maintained continuously 

since that time. This station furnishes data especially useful for a 

number of purposes, including estimates of water power, which is 

very abundant both above and below the station.

Bryson is about 15 miles above the mouth of Tuckaseegee River 

where it joins Little Tennessee River. Oconolufty River is an important tributary coming in about 8 miles above Bryson.

Discharge measurements are made at the bridge where the current 

and other conditions are good. The gage datum has not been 

changed.0

a. All records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United Stat es 

Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. Pratt, state 

geologist, In a bulletin entitled "Water powers of North Carolina."
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 181

Discharge measurements of Tuckaseegee River at Bryson, N. ., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907.

1908.

August 19......

K

F

0

F.

Hydrographer.

P. Hall. . ........................................

P. Thomas. .....................................

Width.

Feet.

190

1Qf)

190

190

Area of 

section.

Sq.Jt.

950

827

834

787

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.80

1.37

1.22

1.29

Discharge.

Sec.-jt.

1.010

686

884

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tuckaseegee River at Bryson, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908.

[Observer, J. M. Welch.]

Day.

1907. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4............... 

5...............

C. ..............

7.. .............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13........ ......

14...............

15...............

16. ..............

17...............

18..... ..........

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. .............. 93

24...............

25...............

26. ..............

27 ..............

28............... 

29...............

30............... 

31...............

1908. 

1...............

2.. .............

,3...............

5...............

6....... ........

8.....-.--..-...

9

10............... 

11...............

12...............

10

14...............

15............... 

10. ..............

18. ............

20. ..............

Jan.

2.8

2.3 

2.25

9 9

2-1

2.0 

2.0

1. 95

1 9

1.9

1.85

1 9

1.8

1.8

2. 1

l.S

1.8 

1.75

1.8

1.7

1.7 

1.7

1. 65 

1.7

2.55

9 ^

9 9

2.25

3.0 

2.45

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0 

2.5

4.6

2.95

2.55

2.5 

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

Feb.

2.6

2.1

2.25 

2.9

2.2 

2.1

2.0 

2.0

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.65 

1.65

1 S

1.85

2.1

2.0

2.9

-------

2.3

1.95

1.85

1 9

1.9

2.1

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.9 

2.0

2.45

2.8

3.15

6.6

3.85 

3.2

2.85

2.85

2.6

Mar.

2. 9

2.1 

2.0

2.0

2.5 

2.3

2.1 

3.0

2.4

9 2

2 2

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.75 

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.65 

1.05

1.6

2.4

2.45

2.5

2.45 

2.45

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.3 

2.2

3.1

2 5

2.4

2.3

2.2 

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.65

Apr.

1.7

1.6 

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.8 

1.7

1. 65

1.6

1.6 i.r,

1.7

2.45

1.9

1.8

2.0

2 i

2.0

1 Q

9 9

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.1 

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.9 

1.9

1.8 

1.8

1.8

2.5

2.5 

2.3

2.2

2.25

2.1

May.

1.8 

1.75

2.4

2.5 

2.1

2.3

2.8

2.3 

2.2

2.6

2.3

2.1

2.1

9 9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.7 

1 9

1 9

1.8

2.1

1.9

1.8 

1.7

1.7

2.2

2.45

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.05 

2.1

3.15

2.45

2.3

2.2 

2.1

2.05 

9 n

2.0

2.0

1.95 

2.1 2 °

2.95

2.35

June.

2.9

2.1

1.9

1.8

1.75

1.7

2.1 

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.9

1 Q

1.6

1.7

1.6

1. 55

1.7 

2.0

1.9

1.8

1. 65

3.2

9 2

1.8

1.9

1.8

1 a

9 1

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7 

2.0

1.75

1.8

1.95

1.8 

1.7

1.0

1.6

July.

1.7 

1.85

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5 

1.5

1.45 

1.4

1.45

2.45

1.9

1.6

1 0

1.7 '

2.45

1.9

1. 65

1.6

1.55

1.50

1.4

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.5 

1.6

1.5 

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.75

1.85

2.25 

2.2

2.0

2.15

2 2

2.2 

1.95

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.65 

1.0

1.5

1.85

1.5

Aug.

1.35 

1.3

1.3

1.3 

1.3

1.35

1.3 

1.45

1.3 

1.8

1.4

1.45

1.45

1.35

1.5

1.65

1.5

1.55

1.4

1.3

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3 

1.25

1.2 

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.45 

2.5

1.8

1. 65

1.7

1.6 

1.5

1.4 

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4 

1.45

1.5

1.4

1.4

Sept.

1.2

1.25

1.3 

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.6

1.35 

1.25

1.C5

1.4

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.5

2.05

1.7

1.5

1.45

1.4 

2.4

1.8

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.95 

2.0

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25 

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.2

Got.

1.6

1.45

1.85

1.5

1.4 

1.5

1.4 

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2 

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.45

1.35 

1.2

1.2 

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1 

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.4

1.9 

1.35

1.2 

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.1 

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

Nov.

1.2

1.7

1.4 

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.25 

2.3

1.85

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.7

1.75

1.6

2.45

2.0

2.55

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.55

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.4

1.45

1 O

1.3

1.5

1.4 

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

Dec.

1.65 

1.6

1.5

1.5 

1.4

1.5

1.5

2. 65 

2.8

2.1

1.8

1.75

2.65

2 25

2.05

1 9

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.65

2 35

2.1

2.0

1.9 

1.9

4.3

1.85

1.7

1.5

1.35 

1.5

5.0

2.75

2.15

1.9 

1.8

2.5

1 QK

1.8

1.7

1.7 

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5
182 SURFACE WATEfi SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tuckaseegee River at Bryson, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908- Con.

Day.

1908. 

21...............

22. ..............

23............... 

24...............

25...............

27...............

28.... ...........

29...............

31...............

Jan.

2.1

2.1

2.0 

1.9

1.9

1 9

2.1

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

Feb.

2.55

2.35

2.35

2 2

2.25

2.35

2.2

2.0

2.1

Mar.

3.2

2.75

3.7 

4.0

3.4

2.95

2.75

2.6

2.45

2.3

2.3

Apr.

2.0

1.9

1.9 

1.9

4.9

3.4

2.9

2.05

2.45

2.5

May.

2.2

2.1

2.0

2 2

2.05

2.15

2.1

2.05

2.45

2.25

1.95

June.

1.6

1.6

1.6 

1.6

1.85

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

July.

1.4

1.45

1.45 

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

Aug.

1.3

2.55

1.85 

2.0

2.95

2.2

1.85

1.7

1.6

1.5

Sept.

1.2

1.2

1.2 

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.25

1.2

1.15

Oct.

1.1

1.1

1.85 

1.6

1.1

].4

2.3

1 9

1.6

Nov.

1.3

1.3

1.25 

1.25

1.2

i o

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

Dec.

1.5

2.9

2.5 

2.15

2 2

9 n^

1.9

1 Q^

2.0

1 Q^

2.5

Rating table for Tuckaseegee River at Bryson, N. C.,for 1904 to 1908.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

550

6,50

750

860

980

1,100

1.70 1,230

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

1,370

1,510

1,660

1,810

1,970

2.30 2,130

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,300

2.50 2,480

2.60 2,660

2.70 2,850

2.80 3,050

2.90 3,250

3.00 3,460

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3. ,50

3.60

3,670

3,890

4,110

4,330

4,560

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

4,800 4.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

5,040

5,290

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.00

5.20

5, 540 ' 5. 40

5,800 i 5.60

6,070

6,350

6,630

6,920

7,220

7,530

7,840

8,160

8,480

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

8,800

9,475

10,250

11,125

12,100

13, 200

14,360

15,520

16,680

17,840

I NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based upon discharge 

measurements made during 1904 to 1907 and is well denned below gage height 3.0 feet. Above gage height 

6.0 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 580 per tenth. Above gage height 3.0 feet the 

table is the same as for 1903, and above 5.0 feet the same as for 1901-2.

Monthly discharge of Tuckaseegee River at Bryson, N. C., for 1907 and 1908. 

[Drainage area, 662 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

July........................... .........

December

1908.

July.....................................

The vear. ..........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,050 

3,250 

3,890 

2,760 

3,050 

3,890 

2,390 

1,370 

6,350 

1,440 

4,440 

6,630

6,630

7,530 

16,700 

7,530 

8,480 

3,780 

1,810 

2,050 

3,360 

1,660 

2,130 

1,040 

8,800

16,700

Minimum.

1,160 

1,160 

1,100 

1,100 

1,230 

1,040 

860 

650 

550 

650 

650 

860

550

1,370 

1,440 

1,660 

1,370 

1,580 

860 

860 

750 

550 

550 

650 

805

550

Mean.

1,620 

1,690 

1,810 

1,480 

1,760 

1,640 

1,170 

861 

1,060 

791 

1,480 

1,980

1,450

2,260 

2,780 

2,760 

2,210 

2,010 

1,260 

1,230 

1,210 

802 

783 

762 

1,810

1,660

Per

square 

mile.

2.45 

2.55 

2.73 

2.24 

2.66 

2.48 

1.77 

1.30 

1.60 

1.19 

2.24 

2.99

2.18

3.41 

4.20 

4.17 

3.34 

3.04 

1.90 

1.86 

1.83 

1.21 

1.18 

1.15 

2.73

2.50

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.82 

2.66 

3.15 

2.50 

3.07 

2.77 

2.04 

1.50 

1.78 

1.37 

2.50 

3.45

29.61

3.93 

4.53 

4.81 

3.73 

3.50 

2.12 

2.14 

2.11 

1.35 

1.36 

1.28 

3.15

34.01

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 183

SCOTTS CREEK NEAR DILLSBORO, N. C.

This station was established August 26, 1907, in cooperation with 

the Forest Service. It is at a footbridge about 1 mile from Dillsboro, and about the same distance above the mouth of the creek 

which is a large tributary of Tuckaseegee River.

The discharge measurements are made from the footbridge, where 

the current is mostly swift and the bed is fairly constant.

The station was discontinued on June 30, 1908.°

Discharge measurements of Scotts Creek near Dillsboro, N. C., in 1907 and 1908.

Dp.te.

1907.

1908. 

April 16........

Hydrographer.

0. P. Hall.........................................

Warren E. Hall ....................................

Width.

Feet. 

39

40

40

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

66

86

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.63

1.61

2.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

85

79

171

Daily gage height, in feet, of Scotts Creek near Dillsboro, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908.

[Observer, E. B. Monleith.]

Day.

1907. 

1..........

2... ........

3..........

5...........

6..........

7. .........

g

10...........

11..........

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

Day.

1908. 

1..........

4.. ........ 

5..........

6..........

7......-.-.

9.......... 

10..........

i Q

15 ..........

J

9

9

2 

2

2

?

2 

2

9

9

A i

-

-

in.

0

0

45 

2

1

1

0

9,5

?

9

lgFe

3

j

1

2. 

2.

9

?

^

1. 

2

9

?

?,

<J

s

1

I

1

1

1

b.

S

}

3 

3

15

15

5

1

1

spt.

6

.6

1

.(¥>

.6

.6

.75

7

.65

6

.6

Ma

?, 1

2.1 

2.1

?, 1

2 1

2.0 

9 n

9 i

">. 4

">. 1

2 Q*.

Oct.

1.8

1.8

1.7 |

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.75 

1.8

1,7

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.6

Apr.

2.2

9 1

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.05 

2.0

2.0

2.0

9 S

Nov.

1.6

2.05

1.75

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.6 

1.6

1.6

2.35

1.85

1.8

1.7

1.7

May.

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0 

2.0

2.0

2.45

2.15

2.1 

2.1

2.0

2.0

O A

2.0

2.0

Dec.

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.75 

1.7

2.35

2.0

1.9

2.0

1.9

June.

1.9

1 9

1.95 

1.9

1.9

1 9

1.85

1.85

1.8

1.8

2.05

2.15

Day.

1907. 

16..........

17..........

18..........

19

20..........

21..........

2223^ !!!";!!

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Day.

1908. 

16..........

18. ....... ..

19.......... 

20..........

21..........

22..........

24..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29

31

-

-

 

J

2

2

?

2

2

">

9

1

9

9

1

1

Ai

1

\'

i

an.

?

1

0 

0

0

0

95

0

0

9

9

q

g6

6

65

6

6

6

Fe

?

?,

2

2. 

2.

?,

2

?

2.

2

?

? (

?, (

9

S

11

11

1

1

1

1

1

b.

45

> 2

*

1

15

1

1

*t.

65

65

,6

.6

.6

6

.6

85

.8

.7

.7

I

,0

.85

Mat

9 0

9 0

? 0

2.0 

2.6

? 4.

9 3

3 4

2.9 

2 6

2.4.

9 4

? 3

9 ?.

9 ?

? ?

)

Oct.

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6 

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.85

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

Apr.

2.1

2.0

2.1

2.05 

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.95

1.9 

3.0

2.35

2.25

2.15

2.1

9 ?

Nov.

1.7

2.05

1.8

1.75

2.0

1.95 

2.7

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

May.

2.05

2.1

2.4 

2. 1

2.0

2.25

2.1 

2.15

2.1

2.0

2.15

2.1

2.0

2.0

Dec.

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8 

2.2

2.0

1 9

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.8

2 2

June.

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.8 

1.85

1 9

1.8

1.8

1.9 

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

a. All records of discharge at this station have been collected by engineers of the United States Geological 

Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. Pratt, state geologist, 

in a bulletin entitled " Water powers of North Carolina."
184 SUEFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1907-8. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofScotts Creek near Dillsboro, N. C., for 1907 and 1908.

Day.

1907. 

1..... ... .

2. ..........

3...........

4...........

6...........

8. ..........

g

10. ..........

11...........

12. .........

13. ..........

14. .........

15. ..........

Day.

190S.

3. .........

4..........

6..... .

7. .........

8. .........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13...........

Jan.

1 rn

150

190

170

170

150

200

190

Aug.

------

Feb.

130

150

150

160

150

1-10

130

170

ISO

190

Sept.

78

78

170

101

85

200

92

92

101

92

85

78

78

Mar.

180

170

170

170

170

170

170

150

180

170

170

160

Oct.

110

110

92

110

130

110

101

110

99

92

92

92

85

78

78

Apr.

190

170

170

170

190

170

170

170

160

150

150

140

140

210

Nov.

78

160

101

85

85

78

78

78

78

120

110

110

92

92

May.

170

170

170

150

150

150

180

170

170

150

150

150

150

150

Dec,

110

110

110

110

110

101

92

130

150

130

140

150

130

June.

130

130

140

140

130

130

130

120

120

120

110

110

140

160

180

Day.

1907. 

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20. .........

22...........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27...........

28..........

29..........

30... .....

31........ .

Day.

1908. 

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21 ......... 2'>

23....... .

24..........

25 ..........

2*5

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

Jan.

190

170

170

150

150

150

150

140

140

150

150

130

130

Aug.

78

78

85

78

78

Feb.

210

210

190

190

170

170

150

160

170

150

150

170

Sept.

85

85

78

78

78

78

110

92

92

92

170

150

120

Mar.

150

150

150

160

210

210

200

190

190

Oct.

78

78

78

78

78

78

7878'

78

78

78

120

92

78

78

78

Apr.

170

170

160

150

150

140

130

200

180

170

190

Nov.

92

92

160

110

101

i^n

140

210

170

150

150

130

130

110

May.

160

170

170

170

160

150

200

170

180

170

150

180

170

150

Dec.

130

120

110

110

101

110

110

190

150

130

130

130

130

130

190

June.

130

120

110

120

130

110

110

130

110

110

110

92

92

92

NOTE. Daily discharges for 1907 and 1908 based on an approximate rating curve. On missing days, 

August 26, 1907, to June 30, 1908, the discharge was greater than 220 second-feet.

OCONOLUFTY RIVER NEAR CHEROKEE, N. C.

This station was established August 27, 1907, in cooperation with 

the Forest Service. It is located about 500 feet below the mouth of 

Soco Creek, a large tributary of Oconolufty River, and 1£ miles from 

Cherokee post-office. . A flume for transporting lumber and wood, 

taking its water from tributary streams, generally uses 10 or 12 

second-feet of water which is not included in the station records.

Discharge measurements are made from a boat at ordinary times 

but can also be made in two parts by measuring Soco Creek and the 

river above the junction, both measurements being made from 

bridges. . The station was discontinued on June 30, 1908.°

a All records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United 

States Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. 

Pratt, state geologist, in a bulletin entitled "Water powers of North Carolina."
TENNESSEE EIVEB BASIN. 186

Discharge measurements of Oconolufty Hirer near CheroJcee, N. C., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907.

October 19.....

1908.

Hydrographer.

F . A . Murray ......................................

O. P. Hall..........................................

Width.

.Fed. 

100

98

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

250

230

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

LSI

1.07

2.43

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

237

232

546

Daily gage height, in feet, of Oconolufty River near Cherolcee, N. C., for 1907 and 1908.

[Observer, \V. 11. Maney.]

Day.

1907. 

1..........

2..........

3. .........

4..........

5..........

6. .........

7. .........

8..........

9

10....---...

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15-..-..-.-.

Day.

1908. 

1. .........

2..........

4. .........

6..........

7..........

8..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

l ^

J

3

3

?

9

O

3

3

At

in.

0

4

8

0

8

1

ir.

15

15

1

1

1

15

gFe

2

9

2

9

2

2

9

3

Sept.

1.

1.

1.

1.

1. 5

1.

1.

1.95

1.75

2.4

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

}. Mai

2 2.4

3 3.0 

3 2.4

3 2.3

1 3.0

2 , 3. 0

1 2.4

2 2. 1

2 2.1

1 2.4

0 3.0

0 2. 1

!

Oct.

2.7

2.6

2.5

1 9

2.0

2.0

2. 1

2.0

1 9

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.7

Apr.

2.1

2.15

2.1

2.15

2.1

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.2

2.1

2.15

2.1

3.1

Nov.

2.8

2.5

2.45

2. 45

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.25

2.2

3.2

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.8

2.75

May

2.3

2.2

2.1

2. 15

2.1

3.5

2.1

2.1

2.1

2. 15

2.1

2.2

2. 1

Dec.

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.95

1 9

1.9

1.9

1.85

3.0

2. 75

2. 35

2.5

2.4

2.4

June.

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.1

2.2

2.3

2.1

2 1

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.15

2.3

2. 1

Day.

1907. 

16..... ...

17.....

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30. .........

31..........

Day.

1908. 

16..........

17..........

18 ..........

19..........

20..........

21 ..........

22 .... ....

23 ..........

25 ..........

26 ..........

27. .........

28..........

29..........

30..........

J

2

9

9

9

 ;>

9

9

9

Q

7

9

9

9

9

At

1

1

1.

1

1

in.

15

2

1

1

15

9

9

15

15

3

1

15

lg8

95

8

Fe

4

3.

9

,

2

2

2

2

2

S

1

1

1

1

1

1

r

r

<

c

r

b.

->.

1

1

1

}

5

5

5

5

5

3pt.

,8

,75

8

60

6

4

6

.0

8

75

0

.0

8

75

Mai

2.1 

? 1

 > 1

3 1

3 1

4 2

3 0

3 1

3 1

?. 1

9 1

'> 1

Oct.

1.7

1.7

1. 65

1. 65

1. 65

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.7

1.05

1. 05

1.6

Apr.

3.1

2.1 

2. 1

2.15

2.1

2. 15

2.2

2. 3

2.1

7.0

3.1

3.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

Nov.

2.65

2.6

2.9

2.6

2. 1

2.75

2.5

5.3

4.0

3.4

3.1

2.85

2.7

2.5

2.1

May.

2.15

3.0 

2.1

4.0

3.0

2.1

2. 15

2.1

2.15

2.2

2.1

2.15

2.2

3.0

2.15

2.2

Dec.

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.0

1.95

3.2

3.0

3.3

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.8

5.0

3.1

June.

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.3

2.2

3.1

2.15

2.1

3.5

2.1

2.15

2.1

2.0

2.1
186 SUBfACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oconolufty River near Cherokee, N. C.,for 1907 and

1908.

Day.

1907. 

1.... .......

2...........

3...........

5...........

8. ..........

9...........

10...........

12...........

14...........

15..........

Day.

1908. 

1..........

2..........

4..... ....

C

6--- -------

9.... ...

10. .........

11..........

12. .........

14..........

J

Au

an.

TOO

gFe

4

3

4

4

3

Se

b.

v>

w5C

)0

w

)0

w

w

w

pt.

990

990

290

902

185

940

535

260

Mai

48.

39

41

53

53

(

1

1

>

5

1

3ct.

585

345

390

9AA

Apr.

412

390

412

390

435

419

435

390

390

Nov.

560

535

510

485

435

435

412

May.

435

390

390

390

412

390

390

412

390

435

Dec.

390

390

345

345

322

300

300

300

280

510

535

June.

485

435

390

485

435

485

390

390

412

390

390

412

485

390

Day.

1907. 

16...........

17...........

18...........

19...........

20...........

22...........

24...........

25...........

26...........

27...........

29

Day.

1908. 

16..........

17 ..........

18. .........

19..........

21..........

22..........

23 ..........

24..........

25 ..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30

31..........

J

Au

?

9

?

9

in.

m

135

135

H90

H90

412

435

i35

412

412

435

485

390

41?

390

g6099

60

40

20

Fe

4

4

3

4

3

4

4

3

4

Se

b.

ST

W

19

W

90

12

90

12

12

90

12

pt. (

260

240

260

240

185

i Q^

535

345

1

(

Mar.

390

390

412

390

390

390

412

390

412

Dct.

220 .

220

202

202

202

185

185 i

185

185

170 !

170

220

220

202 i

202

185

Apr.

390

390

412

390

412

435

485

390

390

390

390

Nov .

390

585

585

390

May.

412

390

390

412

390

412

435

390

412

412

435

Dec.

485

435

435

345

322

390

390

390

390

June.

412

390

412

390

485

435

412

390

390

412

390

345

390

NOTE. Daily discharge for 1907 and 1908, based on an approximate rating curve. On missing days 

August 27, 1907, to June 30, 1908, the discharge was greater than 600 second-feet.

CHEOAH RIVER AT MILLSAPS, N. C.

This station was established on August 24, 1907, in cooperation with 

the Forest Service. It is located about 500 feet above the mouth of 

Snowbird Creek, which is a large tributary.

Discharge measurements are made from a boat or by wading.

Measurements are also made of Snowbird Creek which, together 

with these at the gage, give the flow of the river below the junction. 

The records published for the station are for the Cheoah River above 

Snowbird Creek.

The station was discontinued on June 30, 1908.a

Discharge measurements of Cheoah River at Millsaps, N. C., in 1907.

Date.

October 16.....

Hydrographer.

O. P. Hall. .........................................

Width.

Feet. 

64

61

Area of 

section.

Sq.feet. 

101

88

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.50

1.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

99

68

o All records of discharge at this station have been collected by engineers of the United States Geological 

Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. Pratt, state geologist, 

in a bulletin entitled, "Water powers of North Carolina."
TENNESSEE KIVER BASTN. 187

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cheoah River at Millsaps, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Observer, Miss Birdie Nickols.]

Day.

1907.

9

3..........

4.... .....

5...

8_. ........

9

11..........

12..........

15..........

Day.

1908.

2..........

3..........

7..........

8..........

9

10..........

12..........

14..........

J

9

9

9

9

3

9

'>

9

0

9

9

9

9

9

9,

At

in.

95

95

85

gFe

9.

9

9

9

9

1

2

2

9

9

9

9,

v

9,

6

S<

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

b.

1

1

1

1

5

1

1

75

1

1

;pt.

3

,95

9

4

.95

9

.6

.3

15

9

Mai

9

9

9

9

9

1

9

?

?,

1

9.

9

9

1

1

)

1

1

1

")

1

1

1

Oct.

1.35

1.5

1.4 '

1.35 '

1.4

1.45

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.45

1.45

1.3

Apr.

2.0

2.0

2.0

1 95

1 9

1 9

1.95

1.95

1 95

1.9

1.9

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.45

Nov.

1 3

2.0

1.5

1.25

1.3

1. 35

1.3

2.3

1.75

1.5

1.75

May.

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.5

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

9 n

2.0

2.5

2.45

2.0

Dec.

1.75

1.8

1.6

1.75

1.6

2.0

1.5

1.75

1.85

2.0

1.75

1.85

June.

1.5

1.5

2.0

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

2 ^

2.0

1.5

1.5

1.45

Day.

1907.

; 17.............

18.............

19.............

20.............

21.............

22.............

i 23.............

24.............

25..... . .....

26.............

27............. 90

99

30. ............

i 21

Day. J

1908. 

16.......... 2

17.......... 2

18..........' 2

19..........' 2

20 .... ..... 2

21.... ... . 2

22.......... 2

23.......... 2

24........... 2

25.......... 2

26.......... 2

27.......... 2

28.... ..... 2

29.......... 2

30.... ..... 2

31.......... 2

Ai

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

an.

9,5

5

6

65

9

15

0

0

0

Q

8

7

5

g4

3

3

3

Fe

3

3

?

?:

?

9

2

1

9

?

9

9

9

9

S

1

1

1

1

1

1

A

1

1

1

1

1

b.

1

I

5

'

1

I)

T

I)

7

;pt.

1

1

1

1

9

5

1

3

35

75

95

30

4

Ma

f>

<>

1

2

9

9

9

9

3

9

9

o

3

9

3

9

Oct.

1.25

1.3

1.25

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.25

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.5

1.4

1.25

1 i '

'. ' Apr.

1 0 ' 1.45

D 1.5

i 1.5

5 2.0

D ' 2.0

D 2.0

0 ' 1 9

5 j 3.0

3 2.5

0 2.4

0 2.0

1 2.0

5 1 2.0

0 '......

Nov.

1.5

1.75

1.5

1.0

1.55

3.0

2.0

1.5

2.0

1.7

1.8

1.5

1.6

May.

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.5

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.5

2.0

2.0

! 1.5

1.5

Dec.

1.7

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.75

1.55

1.75

1.85

1.9

1.8

2.0

2.1

1.9

1.9

5.5

3.8

June.

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cheoah River at Millsaps, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908.

Day.

1907.

2.............

3.............

4.............

5.............

6.............

8.............

9.............

10.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

15.............

Aug. Sept.

....... 83

........ 76

.......1 68

....... 1 61

54

....... 54

....... 83

....... 61

....... 47

.......' 54

Oct.

76

99

83

76

83

91

83

99

83

83

91

83

91

Nov.

68

99

61

68

68

76

68

99

99

115

99

Dec.

99

115

99

115

99

Day.

1

1 1907. 

16. ............

19.............

20.............

91

+ 22............. 90

24.............

25.............

26

27

28.............

29.............

on

31

Aug.

99

99

83

68

68

68

Sept.

99

83

68

76

61

68

83

Oct.

68

61

68

61

61

54

61

68

61

54

99

83

68

61

68

Nov.

99

99

99

115

99

107

QQ

99

115

Dec.

132

107

(See note at foot of table on next page.)
188 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 190*7-8.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cheoah River at Millsaps, N. C., for 1907 and

1908 Continued.

Day.

1908. 

1...... ..................

3........................

6........................

1........................

8........................

9........................

10........................

11........................

12........................

13........................

14........................

Apr.

99

99

83

91

May. June.

99

99

9( )

99

99

99

99

99

99

99

91

Day.

1908. 

16........................

17........................

18........................

19........................

20........................

21 ........................

22........................

23 ........................

24........ ........ . ...

25........................

26........................

27........................

28........................

29

30........................

31 ........................

Apr.

91

99

99

99

99

May.

99

99

99

99

June.

91

83

83

83

83

83

83

76

68

68

68

68

68

68

NOTE. Daily discharge for 19!>7 and 1908 based on an approximate rating curve. On missing days, from 

August 24,1907, to June HO, 190S, the discharge was greater than 14(1 second-feet.

CLINCH RIVER AT CLINCHPORT, VA.

Clinch River rises in the Cumberland Mountains, in southern 

Virginia, and flows in a southwesterly direction, generally parallel to 

Holston River. It discharges into Tennessee River at Kingston, 

Tenn., 104 miles above Chattanooga, and 79 miles below Knoxville. 

The country drained by this river includes about 4,390 square miles, 

is mountainous, and has meager transportation facilities.

The gaging station is located in Clinchport at the railroad bridge 

about 400 feet east of the Virginia and Southwestern Railroad station. It was established June 7, 1907, in cooperation with the Forest 

Service, to obtain data for use in connection with studies of the 

water resources of the southern Appalachian Mountains. The station 

is a short distance below the mouth of Stock Creek and about 1| 

miles above Copper Creek.

Discharge measurements are made from the railroad bridge, where 

the current is rather sluggish during low water, and the bed is probably 

slightly shifting.

Discharge measurements of Clinch River at Clinchport, Va., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907. 

August 15. . . . .

Do.........

1908.

July 2..........

Do.........

Ilydrographer.

Warren E. Hall. ..............................

B. M. Hall, jr. .....................................

.....do..............................................

Warren E. Hall. ...................................

F.P.Thomas.............................. .. ...

Width.

Feet. 

202

202

207

227

229

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

918

910

810

1,150

971

971

Gage, 

height.

Feet. 

1.30

1.30

.81

2.10

1. 14

1.14

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

757

734

430

1,530

664
TENNESSEE EIVEE BASIN. 189

Daily gage height, infect, of Clinch River at Ciinchport, Va., for 1907 and 1908.

[Observer, ('. R. Lane.]

Day.

1907.

2...............

0

4...............

5...............

6...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

10

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

20. ..............

21 ...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29

30. ..............

01

190S. 

1...............

2...............

3............... 

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10............... 

11...............

12............... 

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23. ..............

24...............

25. ..............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.7

3.1

2. (i

3.3

4.0

3.1

2 7

2.3 

2.1

3.9

7.4

4.9

3.7

3.3

2.9

2 7

2.5

2.3

2.2

2 1

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.8

2.3

3.7

2. G

2.2

Feb.

2 2

2.9

2.4 

2.2

2.3

3.5

4 9

4.2

3.4

2.9 

3.2

3.7

5.2

5.5

6.9

8.0

5.4

4.1

3.4

3.0

2.7

2 <*

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.2

2.8

2.6

2.4

Mar.

.......

3.0

tl

3.8

3.4

0.6

4.4

3.2

2.8

3.4 

3.9

3.7

3.4

3.1

2.9

4 7

3.7

5.0

4.9

4.3

4.2

4.6

4.9

4 1

&4

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.4

Apr.

.......

11.3

8.2

4.2

2.5

2.3

9 9

2. 3 

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.7

4.2

3.6

2.9

2.4

2.1

May.

1.9

1.9 

1.9

1.8

1.9

2.3

3.1

2.8

2. 5 

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.9

3.2

2.7

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.9

2.4

June.

2.6

2.3

7.2

4.6

4.8

8.5

18.8

10.0

5.0

4.2

3.3

2 9

2.6

2.3

2.2

1.9

1.9

2.0

1.7

1.6

1.4

1.2

2.9

1 9

1.5

1.4 

1.3

1.6

2.5

1.9

1.6

1.4

1.3 

1.3

1.2 

1.1

1.0

1.1

3.6

2.5

1.8

1.4

1.2

1.6

1.7

3.7

2.8

2.1

1.7

1.5

1 t

1.3

July.

1.9

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.6

2.2

2.0

1.6

1.5

1.3

1-2

1.1

1.0

9

.8

.8

1.7

1.6

1.4

1.7

2.2

1 9

1.2

1.2

1.1 

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.6

1 2

1.1 

1.0

.9

.8

.8

1.6

1.0

1.2

1.0

1.0

.9

.8

.7

.7

.6

.7

7

1.1

1.0

Aug.

1.6

2.6

1.6

1.4

1.1

1.4

1.9

1.7

1.7

2.0

1.5.

1.3

1.2

1.8

1.4

1.2

1.3

2.7

3.0

2.2

2.1

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.2

1.0

.9

.8

.7

.6

.6

.8

.8

1.0

1.1 

1.6

1.1 

.9

.8

.7

.8

.8

1.2

1.5

1.2

1.1

1.9

2.2

1.7

1.3

1.0

.9

.8

.8

.7

Sept.

0.8

.9

1.2

1.4

1.0

.9

.8

1.0

.9

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.0

.9

.8

.8

.7

.7

.7

1.3

2.1

2.3

2.1

1.6

1.3

1.1

1.1

1.0

.6

.6

.5 

.5

3.0

3.7

2.3

1.7

1.3 

1.1

1.0 

.9

.8

.8

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

Oct.

1.0

.9

.8

.8

.9

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.0

.9

.8

.8

.8

.7

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.5

.6

.7

.6

.6

.6

.5

.5 

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.7 

1.1

.8 

.7

.6

.6

.6

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.7

1.0

.8

.7

.7

.9

1.1

1. 3

Nov.

0.7

.9

2.5

1.9

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

4.2

10.0

d. Q

3.4

2.7

2.3

1.9

1.7

1.8

2.6

2.9

2.6

2.3

2 1

8.0

6.5

4.5

3.5

2.9

2.5

2.1

1.4

1.1

1.0

.8

.7

.7

.6

.6

1.5 

1.7

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

L2

1.1

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.8

.8

.9

Dec.

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1 i

1.1

1.3

1.8

3.1

2 5

2.2

2 1

2.3

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.5

2.2

3.7

3.4

2.8

2.4

2.2

2.0

4.5

7.3

1.4

1.8

1.8 

1.4

1.4

1.3

2.5

4.3

3.9

2.7

2.2

3.3 

3.4

2.9

2.6

2 2

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

5.0

4.2

3.4

3.7

5.0

3.6

3.0

2.8

3.0
190 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

HIWASSEE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN. 

DESCRIPTION OF BASIN.

The Hiawassee, or, as it is more commonly written, Hiwassee 

River, rises in the mountains of the Blue Ridge, in western North 

Carolina and northern Georgia, whence, flowing in a northwesterly 

direction, it breaks through the Unaka Range, and enters Tennessee 

River 36 miles above Chattanooga and 148 miles below Knoxville. 

The Hiwassee receives the tributary waters of the Ocoee about 12 

miles above Charleston and 6 miles below Savannah Ford or Farm, 

which is held to be the head of navigation.

Its drainage area, comprising about 2,700 square miles, is equivalent to the western slope of the mountainous divide between Little 

Tennessee and Hiwassee rivers, which divide is a cross range between 

the Blue Ridge and the Smoky Mountains. The altitude of this tract 

ranges between 1,500 and 5,000 feet. Spurs from 5 to 20 miles long 

reach from the divide toward the river, while deep valleys extend 

from the river far into the mountains.

The mountain sides are steep and in many places rocky, while the 

creek valleys, of which there are six prominent ones, have considerable areas of alluvial flats and rolling foothills.

Even the alluvial flats along the river and creeks have a large 

proportion of clay, and the foothills are almost entirely clay. The 

mountain sides are loamy, the coves are very fertile, the ridges light 

and often stony.

HIWASSEE RIVER NE"AR HAYESVILLE, N. C.

This station is located at the iron wagon bridge known as Barnard 

Bridge, 2^ miles east of Hayesville. It was established May 20, 

1907, in cooperation with the Forest Service and has been continued 

to supply general run-off and water-power data. The station is 

about 1 mile below the mouth of Shooting Creek and 4 miles above 

Tusquitee Creek, both of which are important tributaries.

The gage is a vertical rod attached to a maple tree on left bank, 

about 200 feet above the bridge.

Discharge measurements are made from the single span bridge 

where the current is swift and the bed is composed largely of rock 

and is permanent.0

Discharge measurements of Hiwassee River near Hayesville, N. C., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907.

Do.........

1908. 

August 14. .....

Do.........

Hydrographer.

F. P. Thomas. . ...................................

O. P. Hall. . ........................................

F. P. Thomas ...................................... 

M. R. Hall .........................................

.... .do. ..............................................

Width.

Feet. 

89

90

88

89

78 

84

84

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

136

134

132

131

98 

120

119

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.41

1.32

1.32

1.00

0.88 

1.01

1.01

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

437

390

382

242

198 

237

235

a All records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United 

States Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. 

Pratt, state geologist, in a bulletin entitled "Water powers of North Carolina."
TENNESSEE KIVEK BASIN. 191

Daily gage height, in feet, of Hiwassee River near Hayesville, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Observer, Mrs. V. A. Barnard.]

Day.

1907. 

1....... .....

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12.............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16.............

17...............

18...........

19...............

20............

21 .......

22.

23.......

24...........

25. ......

26....... .

27....... .

28.......

29...............

30....... . .

31.............

1908. 

1.............

2.......

3... ........ .

4....... 

5...........

6...........

7............. 

8...........

9.............

10...............

11...........

12......... 

13........... 

14.......

15....... .

16.............

17..........

18.......

19.......

20....... .

21.......

22... .

23..... .

24.......

25...........

26.......

27.....

28.....

29.......

30...

31'. ....

Jan.

1.70 

3.10

9 oe:

2.25 

2.00

1.70

1.75

5.00 

3.10

2.30

2.10

2.20

1.90

1 sn

1.70

1.65

1.90

1.70

1.75

1.50

Fe'o.

1 80

1.75 

1.70

9 nn

1.80

9 on

2.70 

2.60

7 90

3.00

2.35

2.05

9 nn

1 90

9 ftA

1 90

i sn

1 80

Mar.

1.70

1.95

1.90 

1.80

1 80

1.75

1.70

1.65

1.60

2.40 

1.90

1.75

K on

A do

3 20

9 7 s.

2 1 ^

9 n^i

2.00

Apr.

1 QA

1.85

1.80 

1.75

1 90

1.80 

1.75

1.70

1.70

1.05

1.60 

1.60 

1.55

1 95

2.15

2 nn

1 90

1.80

1 7C

4 90

2 on

2.60

2

or\

9 1 e.

9 1 K.

May.

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

2.2

1.4

1.4

1 9

2 An

1 90

1 95

1.80 

1.80

1 80

2.50

1 90

1.85

1.75

1.70 

1.65

1 EC

1.55

1 60

1.70

1.55

1 ^n

1.70

1 60

1.70

1.70

1 60

1 Cr»

1.60

1.50

June.

3.4

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.55

1.45

1.45

2.3

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.55

1.5

1.8

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.5

1.6

1.55

1.45

1.40

1.40

1.50

1.40

1 4K

1.50 

1.40

1.35 

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.40

1.30

1.25

1 4K.

1.25

1 OA

1.20

1.15

1 9K.

1.30

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.05

July.

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.7

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.5

1.6

2.1

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.35

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.1

2.1

1.3

1.20 

1.90

1 50

1.50 

1 90

1.70

1.70

1.40 

1.30 

1.25

1.20

1.20

1.30

1.10

1.05

1 00

1.10

1.05

1 00

1.10

1 00

Aug.

1.25

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.3

1.1

1.35

2.7

1.5

1.3

1.7

1.45

1.3

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.35

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.00

1.00

on

90

on

.90 

1.00

1 30

1.10 

1.10

1.00

.95 

.90 

.90

.85

.85

90

.85

90

1.50

1 QC

1.95

1.40

1.10

1.05

Sept.

1.0

.9

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.0

QH

1.0

1.0

1 3

1.6

1.15

1.1

1.0

1.0

.95

.92

.92

.9

9

89

1.05

9

0

2.1

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.8

1.8

1.5

1 00

QC

90

.90 

.95

1.20

1.00

1.00 

.95 

on

90

.85

.80

80

80

.80

.80

CA

OH

GA

.95

.85

Oct.

1.3

1.2

1.2

1 2

1.25

1.15

1.1

1.45

1.15

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

9

.9

9

9

.9

9

1.0

.95

9

1.4

1.1

1.0

.95

9

80

78

.76

.75

.74

.74

90

1.05

.95

.85 

84

.82

so,

.80

QA

.80

.76

9 no.

1.20

1.10

1 00

1.10

1.35

Nov.

0.9

1.4

1 05

1.05

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.0

.95

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.4

1.2

1.15

1 9

1.6

2.1

2.9

1.9

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.25

1.10

1.05

1.20 

1.05

1.05

98

.95

1.00

1.10 

1.05

1.15

1.05

1.05

.98

97

97

.95

94

94

.92

QA

on

QA

QA

.88

Dec.

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.35

2.5

1.8

1.55

1.5

2.5

2.3

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

2.9

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

3.4

2.4

1.50

1.40

1.15 

1.10

1.10

6.20 

2.60

1.80

1.50

1.80 

1.55 

1.50

1.40

1.30

1.35

1.25

2.50

2.15

1.85

1.40

1.50
192 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hiwassce River near Hayesville, N. C., for 1907 and 1908.

Day.

1907. 

1.. .............

2, ..............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6..............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11.............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16..............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22..............

23...............

24...............

25.............

26..............

27..............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

1908. 

1..... ........

2. ..... .

3..... ........

4...............

5......... ...

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10..............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14... ..... ...

15...............

16......... ....

17...............

18......... ...

19...............

20...............

21...............

22.

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31........ ..

Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May.

430

430

430

430

430

430

430

500

500

June.

465

465

500

500

430

430

430

430

430

400

500

430

430

500

430

465

430

430

500

430

430

400

400

370

370

430

370

344

465

370

344

370

318

296

344

370

318

318

318

274

274

274

255

July.

370

370

370

430

370

370

370

370

344

500

500

430

430

430

400

370

344

318

318

318

296

296

274

255

236

318

318

500

430

370

344

318

370

318

296

370

296

274

255

236

236

274

274

255

236

274

255

Aug.

344

318

296

274

274

274

274

318

274

274

255

370

274

500

370

465

370

400

400

370

400

318

296

274

255

255

236

236

204

204

204

204

236

370

274

274

430

255

274

220

204

204

204

190

190

204

190

274

204

500

400

400

430

318

274

274

255

Sept.

236

204

236

274

274

274

220

236

236

370

296

274

236

220

210

210

204

204

201

255

500

370

318

500

236

220

204

204

220

500

318

274

255

236

236

236

220

204

204

190

176

176

176

176

176

176

176

176

176

176

176

220

190

176

Oct,

370

318

318

318

344

296

274

465

296

274

236

236

236

236

236

236

220

204

204

204

204

204

204

236

220

204

430

274

236

220

204

176

171

166

164

162

162

162

157

204

500

255

220

190

187

182

176

176

176

176

171

171

166

500

318

274

236

274

500

400

Nov.

204

430

255

255

236

274

236

236

220

500

370

318

318

274

255

236

236

430

318

296

500

430

370

344

318

274

255

318

255

255

236

230

220

236

274

255

296

296

255

255

255

230

226

226

220

217

217

210

204

204

204

204

198

Dec.

344

318

318

318

296

296

296

274

400

500

500

430

430

500

430

318

296

274

274

500

500

430

370

370

370

400

370

344

500

500

430

430

500

NOTE. Daily discharge for 1907 and 1908 based on a well-defined rating curve. On missing days, beginning May 20, 1907. the discharge was greater than 530 second-feet.
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 193

HIWASSEE RIVER AT MURPHY, N. C.

This station is located at the highway bridge in Murphy, N. C., 

about 80 feet above the Louisville and Nashville Railroad bridge. 

The station was established July 26, 1896, and the record is continuous except for a short period from August 8 to October 19, 1897. 

There has been no change in gage datum since October 20, 1897, 

but prior to 1903 a wire gage was used which was broken a number 

of times, introducing uncertainty in the gage height records. The 

first gage was different.

The records are very valuable for water power estimates as well 

as other run-off problems.

The station is one-half mile above the mouth of Valley River. 

Backwater from Valley River is not apt to disturb the rating, though 

such an effect is possible.

At the measuring section the current is good and fairly regular, 

but the bed, which is rock, is uneven, requiring careful work in 

making soundings."

Discharge measurements of Hiwassee River at Murphy, N. C., in 1907 and 1QQS.___ _ ___

Date.

1907. 

May 21. ........

1908. 

April 15........

April 17.. ......

Hydrographer.

0. P. Hall.........................................

M. R. Hall.......... ...............................

..... do.......... ...................................

F. P. Thomas. .....................................

M . R . Hall .........................................

.....do.............................................

Width.

Feet. 

169

168

174

172

160

168

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

J10

454

627

560

324

404

403

Gage 

height.

Feet.

5.98

6.96

6.57

5.16

5.92

5.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

804

963

507

2,250

1,670

375

415

408

a All records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United 

States Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. 

Pratt, state geologist, in a bulletin entitled " Water powers of North Carolina."

6 Discharge measurements affected by fish-trap dam below the station; reduction in discharge from thia 

cause over 50 per cent at a stage of 5.9 feet.

21144 IRR 243 10 13
194 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Hiwassee River at Murphy, N. C., for 1907 and 1908. 

[Observer, William Mingus.]

Day.

1907. 

1. ..............

2. ..............

3. ..............

5...............

G...............

8...............

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

12.. .............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

10

19. ..............

on

21............... 

22. .............. 29-.-.- .............

24. ..............

25...............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

1908.

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9

10...............

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25. ..............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

6.9

6.75

6.6

6.45

6.35

6.25

6.2

6.15

6.1

6.1

6.05

6.05

6.0

5.95

5.95

5.95

5.9

C Q

5.85

6.0

5.9

5.85

5.85

5.85

5.8

5.85

5.8

5.8

5.75

5.75

5.75

6.35

6.15

6.9

8.0

6.7

6.45

6.25

6.1

9.2

7.0

6.6

6.65

6,45

6.3

6.3

6.25

6.15

6.05

6.1

6.7

6.5

6.1

6.0

6.0

Feb.

6.35

7.3

6.6

6.4

7.6

6.9

6.55

6.35

6.25

6.15

6.1

6.05

6.0

5.95

5.9

5.85

5.85

5.85

5.8

5.85

5.8 

5.75

5.75

6.15

5.9

6.45

6.15

7.3

6.35

6.3

6.25

6.55

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.25

6.9

6.95

10.6

8.1

6.85

6.3

6.85

6.6

6.5

6.4

6.35

6.3

6.2

6.5

6.3

6.2

6.1

Mar.

6.25

8.3

7.1

6.6

6.4

6.25

6.15

6.25

6.1

6.25

6.25

6. 15

6.1

6.05

6.2

6.05

6.0

6.0

5.95

5.9

5.85 

5.85

5.8

5.8

5.75

5.8

5.75

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

6.2

6.1

6.4

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

7.2

6.6

6.4

6.3

6.2

6.1

6.0

7.0

6.8

9.9

8.0

7.3

7.0

6.8

6.7

6.5

6.4

Apr.

6.05

5.75

5.7

5.7

5.65

6.0

5.9

5.95

5.85

5.85

5.75

5.85

5.85

5.7

5.85

5.85

5.8

6.2

5.95

5.85 

5.8

7.2

6.3

6.15

6.45

6.05

6.0

6.0

6.4

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.4

6.2

6.1

6.0

6.1

6.0

fi Q

6.0

^ Q

6.1

6.7

6.6

6.3

6.7

6.5

6.3

6.2

6.05

8.1

7.6

7.1

6.7

6.5

6.4

May.

5.95

5.9

5.85

6.3

5.85

5.8

6.25

6. 1

6.0

5.95

6.4

5.85

5.8

6.05

6.05

5.95

5.9

5.8

5.75

5.75 

5.75

5.65

5.65

5.75

5.95

5.8

5.65

6.05

6.25

6.1

6.15

7.7

6.6

6.4

6.25

6.15

5.9

5.95

5 9

6.35

6.1

5.9

5.8

6.25

6.0

6.2

6.1

5.9

5.85

6.2

6.9

June.

6.75

6.6

6.3

6. 1

6.0

5.75

5.75

5.8

6.4

6.2

6.0

5.9

5.8

6.25

5.85

5.75

5.7

5.95

5.75

5.7

5.65 

5.7

6.05

6.0

6.45

5.8

5.7

6.05

5.75

5.8

5.7

5.65

5.75

6.0

5.7

5.65

5.6

5.6

5.85

5.5

6.25

5.85

5.6

5.55

5.5

5.55

5.5

5.6

5.4

5.45

5.4

5.35

5.3

5.35

5.3

July.

5.65

5.65

5.6

6.05

5.6

5.55

5.5

5.45

5.4

5.4

5.75

5.85

7.25

5.9

5.75

5.9

5.7

5.7

6.05

5.8

5.6 

5.55

5.5

5.45

5.4

5.45

5.5

5.6

5.4

8.7

5.85

5.25

5.3

5.45

5.5

6.45

5.8

5.9

6.1

6.8

6.25

6.2

5.6

5.55

5.5

5.7

5.4

5.35

5.75

5.4

5.35

5.3

5.25

5.3

5.25

5.2

5.25

5.2

5.45

5.3

5.2

Aug.

5.6

5.55

5.45

5.45

5.4

5.45

5.45

5.4

5.4

3.35

5.35

6.05

5.70

5.60

6.60

6.05

5.85

5.9

6.05

5.75

6.35

6.5

6.1

5.9

5.8

5.6

5.5

5.45

5.4

5.4

5.35

5.1

5.2

5.3

5.6

5.5

5.45

5.4

5.25

5.15

5.2

5.1

5.15

5.1

5.15

5.15

5.2

6.3

6.85

5.9

5.25

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.3

Sept.

5.35

5.3

5.35

5.45

5.7

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.7

6.4

6.55

5.5

5.4

5.35

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.25

5.25

5.25 

5.3

11.4

6.85

5.95

5.7

5.6

5.65

6.8

6.1

5.25

5.2

5.2

5.15

5.2

6.2

5.5

5.35

5.3

5.25

5.2

5.2

5.15

5.15

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.05

5.1

5.1

5.05

5.1

5.05

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.2

5.15

Oct.

5.85

5.7

5.6

5.55

5.65

5.5

5.45

5.6

5.5

5.45

5.4

5.4

5.35

5.35

5.3

5.35

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3 

5.25

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.25

5.3

5.7

5.35

5.3

5.3

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.95

5.0

5.2

6.35

5.35

o5.2

aS.35

a5.3

i5.4

a5 4

a 5. 4

a5.45

a 5 45

«6 4

a 5. 9

a5.75

a 5. 9

a 5. 6

a 6. 3

a 6.1

Nov.

5.3

5.35

5.7

5.45

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.35

5.35

5.65

5.95

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.45

5.45

5.65

5.6

5.6

5.85 

5.9

6.6

7.4

6.5

6.15

5.9

5.85

5.75

5.7

a 6.0

a5.9

ag o

a 5. 9

a 5. 9

a5.9

a 5. 85

a6.1

a 5. 9

o6.2

a 6-0

a 6.0

a 5. 9

a 5. 9

a 5. 9

a 5. 8

a 5. 8

a 5. 8

a5.85

a 5. 8

a 5. 8

a 5. 7

Dec.

5.65

5.6

5.55

5.5

5.45

5.45

5.45

5.45

5.45

6.7

6.1

5.9

5.8

6.8

6.35

6.1

5.95

^ Q

5.8

5.7

5.75 

5.65

7.0

6.5

6.35

6.05

5.95

5.9

6.95

7.0

a 6. 3

a 6. 4

a 6.1

a 6.0

9.9

7.2

6.2

6.0

6.6

6.2

6.0

5.9

5.85

5.75

5.75

5.75

5 7

5.7

6.45

6.85

6.25

6.1

6.0

6.0

5.85

6.15

a Gage heights October 13 to December 6, 1908, affected by backwater from temporary fish-trap dam 

about 200 feet below the station. See discharge measurements November 19 and 20,1908.
TENNESSEE EIVEE BASIN. 195

Rating table for Hiwassee River at Murphy, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908

Gage 

height.,

Dis- Gage 

charge, j height.

Feet. 

4.90 

5.00 

5.10 

5.20 

5.30 

5.40 

5.50 

5.60 

5.70 

5.80 

5.90 

6.00

Sec.-ft. 

235 

285 

340 

400 

465 

530 

600 

675 

755 

840 

930 

1,025

Feet. 

6.10 

6.20 

6.30 

6.40 

6.50 

6.60 

6.70 

6.80 

6.90 

7.00 

7.10 

7.20

Discharge.

Gage 

height.

Sec.-ft. 

1,125 

1,230 

1,340 

1,455 

1,575 

1,705 

1,840 

1 980 

2'130 

2,290 

2,460 

2,640

Feet. 

7.30 

7.40 

7.50 

7.60 

7.70 

7.80 

7.90 

8.00 

8.20 

8.40 

8.60 

8.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,830 

3,030 

3,230 

3,440 

3,660 

3,880 

4,100 

4,320 

4,760 

5,200 

5.640 

6,080

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

9.00 

9.20 

9.40 

9.60 

9.80 

10.00 

10.20 

10.40 

10.00 

10.80 

11.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

6,520

6,960

7,400

7,840

8,280

8,720

9,160

9,600

10,040

10,480

10,920

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on s;x discharge 

measurements made during 1907 and 1908 and is well defined below gage height 7.0 feet. Above gage height 

7.6 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 220 per tenth.

This table supersedes the rating table used for 1907 in the Water powers of Nortti Carolina : Bull. North 

Carolina Geol. Survey (in press)

Monthly discharge of Hiwassee River at Murphy, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Drainage area, 410 square miles.]

Discharge in second-feet.

Month.

Maximum.

1907.

January.................................. 2,130

February................................. 3,440

March..................................... 4,980

April..................................... 2,640

May...................................... 1,460

June..................................... 1,910

July...................................... 5,860

August................................... 1,700

September............................... 11,800

October.................................. 885

November................................ 3,030

December................................ 2,290

The year........................... 11,800

1908.

January.................................. 6,960

February................................. 10,000

March.................................... 8,500

April..................................... 4,540

May...................................... 3,660

June..................................... 1,280

July...................................... 1,980

August................................... 2,060

September............................... 1,230

October.................................. 1,400

November................................ 840

December................................ 8,500

The year........................... 10,000

Minimum.

798

798

755

715

715

715

530

498

432

432

465

565

432

1,020

1,120

1,020

930

840

465

400

340

285

260

285

Mean.

1,720

2,000

,930

,570

,250

690

701

592

400

433

433

1,330

260 1,090

Per 

square 

mile.

2.66

3.15.

2.98

2.51

2.30

2.49

2.31

1.92

2.71

1.33

2.04

2.63

2.42

4.20

4.88

4.71

3.83

3.05

1.68

1.71

1.44

.976

1.06

1.06

3.24

2.65

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.07

3.28

3.44

2.80

2.65

2.78

2.66

2.21

3.02

1.53

2.28

3.03

32.75

4.84

5.26

5.43

4.27

3.52

1.87

1.97

1.66

1.09

1.22

1.18

3.74

36.05

Accuracy.

NOTE. The above monthly discharge for 1907 supersedes the corresponding table given in Water powers 

of North Carolina: Bull. North Carolina Geol. Survey (in press).

Discharge October 13 to December 6, 1908, corrected on the basis of two discharge measurements and a 

comparison of gage heights with those recorded at Hayesville.
196 SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1907-8.

HIWASSEE RIVER AT RELIANCE, TENN.

This station is located at the Louisville and Nashville Railroad 

bridge at Reliance, Tenn. It is 2 miles above Spring Creek and 1 

mile below Lost Creek. It was established August 17, 1900, to obtain 

water power and general run-off data. The water-power possibilities 

between Reliance and Murphy, N. C., are very great.

At ordinary stages the section is a fairly good one. The water is 

held back by a ledge of rock below and is rather sluggish at low 

stages. At one end of this ledge is a small corn mill, but it does not 

appear probable that the use of water power by this mill could affect 

the gage readings.

There has been no change in the gage datum."

Discharge measurements of Hiwassee River at Reliance, Tenn., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907.

1908.

Hydrographer.

0. P. Hall. .........................................

M. R. Hall.........................................

Width.

Feet. 

329

312

310

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

1,980

1,880

2,000

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.82

1.58

1.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,140

1,680

1,630

Daily gage height, in feet, of Hiwassee River at Reliance, Tenn., for 1907 and 1908. 

[Observer, C. V. Higdon.]

Day.

1907. 

1...............

2............ ..

3................

4...............

6. .............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

3.7

3.2

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.45

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.25

2.25

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.15

2.4

2.00

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.9

1.9 

1.9

Feb.

2.3

4.6

3.2

2.75

4.0

3.3

2.8

2.6

2.55

2.4

2.35

2.25

2.2

2.15

2.15

2.05

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.15

2.8

Mar.

2.5

3.0

3.6

2.9

2.65

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.55

2.35

2.65

2.4

2.35

2.35

2.6

2.35

2.25

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.05

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.95

2.0

1.95

1.9

1.9

1.85 

1.95

Apr.

2.3

2.0

1.9

1.95

1.85

2.1

2 2

2.0

2.05

2.0

1.9

1.85

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.85

2.05

1.95

2.15

2.35

2.05

2.0

2.15

2.95

2.50

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.1

2.1

May.

2.05

2.0

1.95

2.05

2.0

2.05

2.25

2.6

2.2

2.0

2.7

2.7

2.3

2.1

2.5

2.15

2.1

1.95

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.85

2.0

2.7

2.0

1.85

1.8 

1.9

June.

3.15

2.9

2.5

2.3

2.15

2.0

1.9

2.05

3.1

2.3

2.2

2.1

1.9

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.8

1.85

1.85

1.85

2.0

2.05

2.1

2.05

1.95

1.8

2.0

July.

1.85

1.8

1.75

1.8

1.85

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.7

3.1

2.3

2.0

1.9

1.85

1.75

1.85

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

3.9 

2.1

Aug.

1.75

1.6

1.55

1.45

1.45

1.5

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.55

1.5

1.7

2.7

1.8

2.0

2.4

1.8

1.6

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.45

1.5 

1.35

Sept.

1.3

1.35

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.3

1.4

1.75

1.4

1.35

1 ^

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

3.0

3.1

2.0

1.7

1.55

1.7

1.75

2.25

Oct.

1.9

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1 ^

1.3

1.3

1.35

1.3

1.35

1.65

1.35

1.25 

1.25

Nov.

1.3

1.35

1.25

1.55

1.4

1.3

1.35

1.4

1.35

1.6

2.4

1.85

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.45

1.4

1.75

1.6

1.85

2.0

1.8

4.4

3.0

2.5

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.85

Dec.

1.8

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.5

2.6

2.4

2.05

1.9

2.7

2.4

2.15

2.05

2.0

1.9

1.85

2.05

2.7

2.4

2.25

2.15

2.05

2.05

2.6 

3.8

a All records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United 

States Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. 

Pratt, state geologist, in a bulletin entitled "Water powers of North Carolina."
TENNESSEE EIVEE BASIN. 197

Daily gage height, in feet, of Hiwassee River at Reliance, Tenn., for 1907 and 1908-

Continued.

Day.

1908. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

&...............

6...............

7... ............

8...............

9

10

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

3.9

2.6

2.4

2.4

4.4

3.2

2.9

2.5

2.35

2.25

5.4

3.9

2.8

2.7

2.9

2 65

2.55

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.15

2.05

2.05

2.25

2.2

2.1 

2.05

Feb.

2.95

2.4

2.25

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.15

2.25

2.95

2.6

9 7

2.85

A O

4.7

3.6

3

n

2.85

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.3

Mar.

2.3

9 "i

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.15

3.1

2.65

2.35

2.25

2.35

3.6

2.9

7.7

4.3

2.9

2.7

2.65 

2.5

Apr.

2.45

2.4

2.35

2.25

2.3

2.45

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.0

 } n

2.55

3.0

2.7

2.5

2.35

2.4

4.0

2.55

2.25 

2.45

May.

2.55

2 35

2.25

2.2

2.25

2.3

2.5

2.8

2.5

2.35

2.25

2.3

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.4

2.2

2.05

1.95

1 9

1.95

2.0

1.9

2.0 

1.9 

2.0

June.

1.85

2.45

2.5

2.1

2.0

1.75

1 7

1.75

1.8

1.65

1 S

2.05

1.8

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.35 

1.35

July.

1.35

1 0

1.4

2.1

2.55

2.1

1.95

1 9

2.2

2.1

1.9

1.7

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.55

1.45

1.3

1.25

1.35 

1.7 

1.35

Aug.

13

1.2

1.2

1.5

1.55

1.8

1.6

1.65

1.75

1.4

1.3

1 25

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.5

1.4

1.8

2.2

1.8

1.95

1.8

1.75

1.6

1.35 

1.35 

1.35

Sept.

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.25

2.5

1.8

1.45

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05

I'.OS

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.0

1.05

1.05 

1.0

Oct.

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.05

1.35

1.65

1.25

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.0

1.05

1.05

1.05

2.25

1.55

1.3

1.2

1.25

1.35 

2.05 

1.75

Nov.

1.4

1.2

1.25

1.25

1.45

1.3

1.25

1 2

1.2

1.15

1.2

1.3

1.35

1.3

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.1 

1.15

Dec.

4.0

o i c

1.7

1.45

1.4

1.4

4.5

2.7

2.2

2.0

2.15

2.25

2.0

1.85

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.6

2.45

3.4

2.55

2.25

2.1

1 95

1.9

2.0 

1.95 

2.05

Rating tables for Hiwassee River at Reliance, Tenn. 

FOR 1907.

Gage

height.

Feet.

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1 90

2.00

2 10

2.20

Discharge.

Scc.-ft.

930

1,070

1,220

1,380

1,550

1,730

1,920

Gage

height.

Feet.

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

2, 120 ; 3. 00

2,340

2,570

2,820

3,080

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

Dis- Gage Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

3,350

3, 630

3,920

4,210

4,510

4, 820

5,140

5,470

5.820

6.180

6,550

6, 920 '

height.

Feet.

3.50

3.60

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

Gage

charge, height.

Sec.-ft.

7,300

7.690

8,080

8,475

8,875

9,280

10,090

10,910

11,730

12,550

13,370

14, 190

Feet.

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

6.80

7.00

8.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

15,010

15,830

16, 650

17,470

18,290

19,110

19,930

20,750

21,570

25,670

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based upon three discharge 

measurements made during 1907 and the form of the 1904-6 curve and is well defined. Above gage height 

3.5 feet the table is the same as the 1906 table. Above gage height 4.2 feet the rating curve is a tangent, 

the difference being 410 per tenth.

FOR 1908.

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

690

820

960

1,110

1,270

1,445

1.630

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

1,830

2,040

2,260

2,495

2,740

3,000

3,270

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3,550

3,840

4,140

4,450

4,770

5,100

5,445

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

5,805

6,170

6,540

6,915

7,300

NOTE. The above table is applicable only for open-channel conditions. It is based upon one discharg_e 

measurement made during 1908, earlier high water measurements and the form of previous curves, and is 

fairly well defined below gage height 2.3 feet. Above gage height 3.5 feet the table is the same as the 1907 

table.
198 SURFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Monthly discharge of Hiwassee Riier at Reliance, Tenn.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Drainage area, 1,180 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

May.....................................

July.....................................

1908.

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum

8,080 

11,700 

7,690 

5,300 

4,510 

6,000 

8,880 

4,510 

5,820 

2,340 

10,900 

8,480

11,700

15,000 

12,100 

24,400 

9,280 

4,770 

3,840 

3,990 

3,000 

3,840 

3,140 

1,360 

11,300

Minimum.

2,340 

2,570 

2,230 

2,120 

2,120 

2,120 

1,380 

1,300 

1,000 

1,140 

1,140 

1,550

1,000

2,620 

2,870 

2,870 

2,500 

2,260 

1,190 

1,040 

890 

690 

690 

820 

1,270

24,400 . COO

Mean.

3,390 

4,000 

3,470 

2,830 

2,870 

2,920 

2,290 

1,890 

1,740 

1,440 

2,350 

2,950

Per 

square 

mile.

2.87 

3.39 

2.94 

2.40 

2.43 

2.47 

1 94 

1.60 

1.47 

1.22 

1.99 

2.50

2,680 2.27

4,710 

4,600 

4,970 

3,740 

2,920 

1,920 

1,770 

1,450 

1,020 

1,050 

1,000 

3,330

2,710

3.99 

3. 90 

4 21 

3.17 

2.47 

1.63 

1.50 

1.23 

.864 

.890 

.847 

2.82

2.29

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.31 

3.53 

3.39 

2.68 

2.80 

2.76 

2.24 

1.84 

1.64 

1.41 

2.22 

2.88

30.70

4. CO 

4.21 

4.85 

3.54 

2.85 

1.82 

1.73 

1.42 

.96 

1.03 

.94 

3.25

31.20

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.* 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A,

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A.

TUSQUITEE CREEK NEAR HAYESVILLE, N. C.

This station was established on May 20, 1907, in cooperation with 

the Forest Service. It is at the wagon bridge about 3 miles northeast of Hayesville and 1\ miles above the mouth of the creek, which 

is a tributary to Hiwassee River.

Discharge measurements are made from the wooden wagon bridge 

where the current is somewhat rough and the bottom of the stream 

is rocky and not liable to change.0

Discharge measurements of Tusquitee Creek near Hayesville, N. C., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907. 

May 20.........

Do.........

1908.

Do.........

Do.........

Hydrographer.

F. P. Thomas. .....................................

O. P. Hall.........................................

F . P. Thomas ......................................

.....do..............................................

M. R. Hall.........................................

.....do..............................................

Width.

Feet. 

34

37

35

27

30

30

25

25

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

66

70

65

49

30

30

46

47

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.50

1.73

1.72

1.22

0.98

.98

1.10

1.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

114

151

144

 55

36

36

39

39

"All records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United 

States Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. 

Pratt, state geologist, in a bulletin entitled "Water powers of North Carolina."
TENNESSEE EIVEE BASIN. 199

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tusquitee Creelcnear Hayesrille, N. C., for 1907 and 1908.

[Observer, T. C. Moore.]

Day.

1907.

2...............

Q&:::::::::::::

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

15...............

10...............

18...............

19

20...............

21........ ......

22........... ...

23...............

24...............

26........... . .

27...............

28..........

29...............

30........... . .

31...............

1908. 

1.... ..

2...........

3. ........... .

4....

5............... 

6...........

7..... . ..

8...........

9...............

10...............

11.... .. ........

12...............

13...............

14. ........

15...............

16...

17......... . ...

18........... ...

19

20........... ...

21 ...............

22...

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27......... .....

28...............

29...............

30...............

31......... .....

Jan.

2.0

1.75

2.3 

2.1

1.8

1.8

2.1

1 9

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1 7

1.0

1.75

1.05

1.6

1.0

Feb.

1.85

1.75

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.0

1.7

1.7

2.2

9 Q

2. 25

2.0

1 9

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.6

Mar.

1.6

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.6

2.3

9 n

1.9

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.7

2.1

1.8

3.7

3.4

2.6

2.3

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.85

Apr.

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.05

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

2.0

1.8

1.75

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.65

3.1

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

May.

1 5

1.5

1.4

1.4

2.6

1.85

1.7

1.6

2.4

1,8

1.75

1.7

1.65

2.1

1.85

1.8

1.75

1.55

2.15

1.8

1.65

1.6

1.55

1.5

1 9

1.7

1.7

3.55

2.3

June.

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.85

1.8

1.7

1.7

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.7

1 65

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.55

1.5

1.4

1.45

1.55

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.45

1.75

1.65

1.6

2.05 

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.5

1.8

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.3

1,3

1.3

1.3

1.25

July.

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.35

1.3

1.4

2.0

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.6

1.55

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.35

1.35

3.4

2.0

1.6

1.25

1.4

1.5

1.5 

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.55

1.45

1.4

1,35

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.25

1 25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.6

1.25

1.2

1.2

Aug.

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.5

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.4

1.3

1.8

2.1

1.7

1.8

2.0

1.85

1.75

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.15

1.15

1 1

1.1

1.2 

1.6

1.2

1.25

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1 15

1.5

1.2

1.6

1.65

1,6

1.5

1.8

1.55

1.5

1.35

1.3

1.3

Sept.

1.3

1.3

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.3

1.65

1.4

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

2.85

2.4

1 £5

1.4

1.35

1.3

2.5

2.1

1.75

1.25

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15 

1.5

1.35

1 0

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1

Oct.

1.6

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.25

1 9%

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1 is

1.15

1.2

1.2

1,2

1.2

1,55

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0 

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.4

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.25

1.5

1.2

1.1

Nov.

1.2

1.95

1.5

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.25

2.25

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.35

1 OK

1.65

1.45

1.4

1.5

1 7

1.9

2.2

1 Q

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.1 

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.3

1.2

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Dec.

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.4

2.9

2.1

1.8

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.6

1 *i^

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.6

3.0

2.2

2.0

2.4

1.6

1 3 

2.45

4.0

2.2

1.8

1.7

1.65

1,9

1.75

1.65

1.6

1,55

1.5

1.45

1.5

1.4

1.55

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.65

1.7
200 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tusquitee Creek near Hayesville, N. C.,for 1907 and

1908.

Day.

1907. 

1.. .............

2...............

4.. .............

5...............

7...............

8...............

9

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22. ..............

23...... ........

24...............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30...............

1908.

2...... .........

3

5...............

6.............'..

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

12...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23. ..............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

. .

::::

170

150

200

170

160

160

140

180

180

170

160

150

140

140

140

120

160

120

120

111

Feb.

170

150

130

120

120

140

120

120

111

140

130

180

160

160

150

140

120

120

130

120

Mar.

.......

120

160

140

140

140

130

130

120

120

120

200

180

160

150

160

200

ISO

170

160

Apr.

.......

160

150

140

140

130

140

130

120

120

120

111

102

102

102

200

160

150

190

160

150

140

130

120

200

180

170

May.

102

102

102

84

84

102

170

140

120

130

160

150

140

130

130

140

190

170

160

140

120

120

111

102

160

140

130

120

111

102

180

140

130

140

170

June.

170

160

140

140

200

160

140

140

130

120

120

102

102

102

102

102

111

102

102

84

93

93

111

84

84

102

93

150

130

120

140

160

140

120

120

111

111

102

102

160

111

102

03

84

84

84

84

76

76

76

76

68

68

68

68

60

July.

84

84

84

76

68

76

68

68

76

68

84

102

200

102

102

102

102

93

120

111

84

84

84

76

68

68

76

76

200

120

60

140

84

102

102

93

84

84

84

190

111

93

84

76

76

76

76

68

102

60

53

53

53

120

60

53

53

Aug.

102

84

84

68

68

102

68

68

68

68

60

84

68

84

68

160

120

140

120

160

200

170

150

140

120

102

102

84

76

68

46

46

40

40

53

120

53

68

Eq

CQ

53

4f)

4ft

40

40,

4fl

4fi

5<v?

102

102

68

68

60

Sept.

68

68

76

76

68

60

60

60

130

84

60

53

53

53

53

53

53

46

46

111

84

76

68

150

60

53

46

68

60

53

CO

46

46

40

Af\

40

qc

40

40

4n

40

35

46

40

40

Oct.

120

102

Ql

no

102

QA

84

84

76

68

68

60

60

60

53

53

CQ

53

53

46

46

53

53

CO

CO

111

76

68

60

CO

40

30

30°.n

on

Qfl

30

CO

53

46

40

40

40

40

40

qc

qc

on

°.n

on

on

QA

53

46

40

60

102

53

40

Nov.

CO

190

1AO

76

76

68

68

60

140

102

93

84

76

76

i ^n

93

QA

180

160

120

40

40

40

CO

40

40

40

40

40

OK

68

CO

46

84

68

CO

46

40

40

40

40

40

40

35

qc

qc

30

30

30

Dec.

QO

84

84

76

76

76

76

76

84

160

102

120

120

120

111

1f)9

1H9

QO

Q3

140

140

1 3O,

120

120

140

120

200

120

76

68

14ft

1 oft

180

i en

120

111

102

no

QA

111

'200

160

i vi

140

130

120

120

140

NOTE. Daily discharge for 1907 and 1908 based on a fairly well-defined rating curve, 

beginning May 20,1907, the discharge was greater than 200 second-feet.

On missing days
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 201

VALLEY RIVER AT TOMOTLA, N. C.

This station is located at a footbridge about 250 feet below a 

public road ford at Tomotla, N. C. It is 5 miles above Murphy, N. C., 

and about one-fourth mile above Rodgers Creek. It was established 

June 29, 1904. The records are probably of more value as showing 

the amount of water entering the Hiwassee River below the Murphy 

station than for estimates of power in Valley River.

Discharge measurements are made from the single-span footbridge, 

where the section is good for measurements.0

Discharge measurements of Valley River at Tomotla, N. C., in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

1907. 

May 18. ........

August 20......

Do.........

1908. 

April 16........

Do.........

Hydrographer.

F. P. Thomas ......................................

O. P. Hall. .........................................

M.R.Hall.... .....................................

..... do.................... ..........................

M. R. Hall.........................................

..... do........... .................................. .

Width.

Feet.

58

56

55

56

57

57

55

54

54

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

145

118

118

115

171

172

112

100

100

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.89

1.38

1.39

1.23

2.23

2.22

1.18

1.03

1.03

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

228

131

163

111

391

390

90

75

76

Daily gage height, in feet, of Valley River at Tomotla, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Observer, J. T. Hayes.]

Day.

1907. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12......... . ...

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...... . .....

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

3.6

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.7

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.55

2.6

2.7

Feb.

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.6

4.1

3.8

3.6

3.2

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.95

1 9

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.2

.......

Mar.

3.3

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.0

2.8

2.5

2.8

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.0

2.8

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.95

2.1

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.75 

2.1

Apr.

2.1

2.1

1.8

1.8

1.7

2.5

2.5

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.0

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

May .

1.9

1.9

1.8

2.0

1.9

1.8

2.3

2.0

1.9

1.9

3.5

2.5

2.0

1.9

2.5

2.3

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

2.5

2 f|

1.9

1.8

1.7 

2.7

June.

3.4

3.2

2.4

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.7

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.4

2.2

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.7

2.0

1.9

2.0

1 ft

1.7

2.5

1.9

July.

1.9

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.5

2.1

1.9

1.85

1.65

1.6

1.65

1.6

1.6

1 CK

1.7

1.4

1.65

1.6

1.5

1.45

1.7

2.2 

1.85

Aug.

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.8

1.4

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.65

1.6

1.7

1 ft

1.55

1.4

1.4

1 9

2 AC

1.85

1.0

1.4

1 **£

1.4

1.3 

1.3

Sept.

1.3

1.35

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.45

1.25

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1 i

1.1

1 2

2.0

4.0

1.35

1 3

1 Q

2.15

1.65

Oct.

1.6

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.7

1.4

1.4

1.4 i }

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1 9

1.2

1 1 ^

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.5

1 9

1.2 

1.2

Nov.

1.2

1.55

1.35

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

9 7^

2 EC

2.0

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.65

1.55

1 Q

1 9

3 4

3.5

2 65

2 AC

1.85

1 ft

1.75

Dec.

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.6

2.45

2 f|

1.8

1.8

1.75

9 5.5

2.4

2.1

2 n

1 9

1.8

1.7

1.7

2 35

2

0

2 1

2 0

1 9

1 9

2.0

5.4 

3.5

«All records of discharge at this station prior to 1908 have been collected by engineers of the United States 

Geological Survey and will be republished by the North Carolina Geological Survey, Dr. J. H. Pratt, state 

geologist, In a bulletin entitled " Water powers of North Carolina."
202 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Valley River at Tomotla, N. C., for 1907 and 1908 Con.

Day.

1908. 

1...... .........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5.......... ....

6...............

8...............

9

10...............

11...............

1 9

13...............

14...............

15. ..............

10...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25............... 

26...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

Jan.

2.85

2.45

2.25

3.0

3.0

2.95

2.75

2.5

2.2

3.0

2.8

2.55

2.65

2.55

2.55

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.15 

2.15

2.1

2.05

1.9 

1.95

1.9

1.9

1.85

Feb.

3.2

2.55

2.35

2.15

2.1

2.25

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.3

5.9

3.4

2.95

2.0

2.0

2.45

2.3 

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1 

2.25

2.1

2.0

2.0

Mar.

2.1

2.2

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.1

2.05

2.0

2.0

3.2

2.5

2.45

2.35

2.15

2.05

2.05

3.2

2.5

2.5 

2.5

4.8

5.4

4.6 

3.4

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

Apr.

2.1

2.05

2.0

1.95

2.1

2.1

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

2.45

2.45

2.75

2.55

2.5

2.25

2.15 

2.05

2.0

1.9

3.3

2.85

2.6

2.3

2.15

2.25

May.

2.0

1.9

2.0

1 9

2.85

2.35

2.05

1.95

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.8

2.0

1.8

1. 05 

1.0

1.6

1.7

1.85 

1.85

1.7

1.6

1.05

1.6

June.

1.55

1.5

1 c;

1.95

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.6

1 C

L45

1.4

1 ^

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.95

1.6

1.4 

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3 

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

July.

1.2

1.2

1.35

1.85

1.6

1.7

1.45

2.05

2.2

1.65

1.5

1.4

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.3

1.3

1. 25

1.2 

1.2

1.2

1.25

1.25 

1.2

1.2

1.25

1.3

1.2

1.2

Aug.

1.15

1.2

1.2

1.25

1.3

1.9

1.4

1.2

1.25

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.25

1.1

1.05

1.1 

1.75

2.05

1.8

1.35 

1.9

1.8

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

Sept.

1.2

1.2

1.25

1.3

1.75

1 tt

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9 

.9

.9

.9

.9 

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

Oct.

0.9

.9

9

.9

.9

9

.9

.9

1.35

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9 

.9

1.3

1.15

1.0 

1.0

1.4

1.4

1.25

1.1

1.0

Nov.

1.0

1.0

1.0 1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.25

1.35

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0 

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0 

1.0

1.05

1.0

1.05

1.0

Dec.

1.3

1.65

1.1

1.1

6.3

4.4

2.1

1.5

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.55

1.5

2.5

1.7 

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.5 

1.5,

1.55

1.7

1.45

1.7

2.1

Rating tables for Valley River at Tomotla, N. C.

FOR 1907.

Gage

height.

Feet.

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

74

92

112

134

156

180

205

230

255

285

315

Gage Dis- Gage

height, charge.

Feet. Sec.-ft.

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

345

375

405

440

475

515

555

595

635

680

"f)Z

. height.

Feet.

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

3-80

3.90

4.00

4.10

4.20

4.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

775

825

875

930

985

1,040

1,100

1,160

1,220

1,285

1,350

i Gage

height.

Feet.

4.40

4.50

4.60

4.70

4.80

I 4.90

1 5.00

5.20

5.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,415

1,480

1,545

1,610

1,680

1,750

1,820

1,960

2,100

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on six discharge 

measurements made during 1906 and 1907, and is well defined between gage heights 1.2 feet and 3.0 

feet. Above gage height 4.7 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 70 per tenth.

FOR 1908.

0.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

54

68

84

102

122

143

166

191

218

247

278

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

310

345

380

415

450

490

530

570

610

655

700

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.00

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

j 4.20

745

795

845

895

950

1,005

1,060

1,120

1,180

1,240

1,370

4.40

4,60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

1,500

1,630

1,770

1,910

2,050

2,190

2,330

2,470

2,610

2,750

2,895

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on five discharge 

measurements made during 1908 and the form of previous curves and Is well defined below gage height 

2.5 feet.
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 203

Monthly discharge of Valley River at Tomotla, N. C.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Drainage area, 106 square miles.]

Month.

January................................. 930

February................................ 1,220

March................................... 1,160

April.................................... 635

May..................................... 87 J

June........................ ............ 82*

July..................................... 475

August.................................. 300

September............................... 1, 160

October.................................. 205

November............................... 875

December............................... 2,100

The year........................... 2,100

1908.

January................................. 1 240

February................................ 2, .540

March................................... 2,190

April.................................... 845

May..................................... 632

June..................................... 294

July..................................... 380 ! August.................................. 328 ! September............................... 232

October.................................. 143

November............................... 132

December............................... 2,820

The year........................... 2,820

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum.

375

255

218

205

205

205

134

92

74

74

92

134

262

310

310

218

191

102

102

08

54

54

68

84

Mean.

490

468

511

316

302

294

205

153

167

114

252

338

486

503

588

378

273

166

153

135

72.9

71.0

74.9

339

270

Per

square 

mile.

4.62

4.42

4.82

2.98

2.85

2.77

1.93

1.44

1.58

1.08

2.38

3.19

2.84

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

4.58

4.75

5.55

3.57

2.58

1.57

1.44

1.27

.688

.670

.707

3.20

5.33

4.60

5.56

3.32

3.29

3.09

2.22

1.66

1.76

1.24

2.66

3.68

Accuracy.

38. 41

5.28

5.12

6.40

3.98

2.97

1.75

1.66

1.46

.77

,77

.79

3.69

34.64

TOCCOA RIVER NEAR DIAL, GA.

This station was established on May 17, 1907, in cooperation with 

the Forest Service. It is located at Butts Bridge about 2 miles above 

Dial, Ga., and one-half mile below the mouth of Skeenah Creek. Blue 

Ridge, Ga., 18 miles from the station, is the nearest railroad point.

The current is swift and is somewhat rough and broken, but is 

fairly good for measurements.

The station was discontinued on December 31, 1907.

Discharge measurements of Toccoa River near Dial, Ga., in 1907.

Date.

May 17....

August 19.

Do.....

October 11.

Hydrographer.

F A. Murray, 

.do........

....do. 

0. P. Hall.

Width,

Feet. 

73

73

Area of

Sq.ft. 

173

185

184

152

Gage Disheight. charge.

Feet. 

3.50 

3.29 

3.29 

3.12

Sec.-ft. 

335 

246 

243 

183
204 STJEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Toccoa River near Dial, Ga.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Observer, Elzie Chastain.]

Day.

1907. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6. ..............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

12............... 

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

01

Day.

1908. 

1..........

2..........

3..........

5..........

6..........

8.......... 

9

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

Jan.

Jan.

3.8 

3.7 

3.7 

4.0 

4.2

4.0 

4.0 

3.8 

3.7 

3.7

5.7 

4.5 

4.2 

4.0 

3.9

Feb.

4.2 

4.0 

3.7 

3.7 

4.0

3.8 

3.7 

3.6 

3.7 

4.6

4.2 

4.0 

4.1 

4.0 

7.6

Feb. Mar. Apr.

Mar.

3.8 

3.8 

3.8 

3.8 

3.8

3.8 

3.7 

3.7 

3.6 

3.6

3.6 

3.8 

3.6 

3.6 

3.6

1

May.

3.5 

3.5 

3.5 

3.4

3.4

3.4

q A

3.4

3.4

4.0 

3.5

3.5 

3.4

3.4

4 1

Apr.

3.7 

3.7 

3.7 

3.7

3.8

3.8 

3.7 

3.7 

3.7 

3.65

3.6 

3.6 

3.6 

3.6 

4.3

May.

3.8 

3.8 

3.9 

3.8 

3.9

3.7 

4 0 

3.8 

3.7 

3.7

3.7 

3.7 

3.65 

3.65 

3.6

June.

3.4 

3.4 

3.4 

3.5 

3.5

3.5 

3.4 

3.4 

3.4 

3.4

3.4 ! 3.4 

3.5 

3.5 

3.4

June.

3.8 

3.6 

3.6 

3.5 

3.5

3.5 

3.4 

4.1 

3.6 

3.5

q c

3.4 

3.4 

3.4 

3.5

3.4 

3.3 

3.3 

3.3 

3.3

3.3

3.3 

3.3

3.4 

3.4

3.4 

3.4

3.4 

3.4

3.4

July.

3.4 

3.4 

3.4 

3.2 

3.3

3. 

3. 

3. 

3. 

3.

3. 

3. 

3. 

3. 

3.

3. 

3. 

4. 

3. 

3.

3

3. 

3. .

3

2 

3

1 

2

2 

2 

5 

3 

3

3 

3 

6 

6 

6

4

4 

4

3.1 

3.0

3.2 

3.1

3.1 

3.2

3.3 

3.3

Day.

1908. 

16..........

17..........

18..........

19

20..........

21 ..........

22..........

23 ..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27 ..........

28..........

29..........

30.......... 

31 ..........

Aug.

3.1 

3.1 

3.1 

3.1

q i

3.1 

3.1 

3.1 

3.1 

3.0

3.0 

3.9 

3.2 

3.2 

4.0

3.1 

3.1 

3.4 

3.2 

3.1

3.1 

3.2 

3.2

3.3 

3.1

3.1 

3.0

3.0

3.1 

3-1

Jan.

4.2 

3.8 

3.8 

3.8 

3.8

3/8 

3.8 

3.8 

3.7 

3.7

3.8 

3.8 

3.8 

3.7 

3.6 

4.5

Sept.

3.0 

3.0 

3.4 

3.2 

3.2

3.2 

3.1 

3.0 

3.0 

3.0

3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

3.0

3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

3.0

3.0 

3.4 

5.5 

3.6 

3.3

. 3.3 

3.3 

4.0

3.5

Feb.

4.6 

4.2 

4.1 

4.1 

4.0

4.0 

4.0 

4.0 

3.8 

3.8

4.1 

4.0 

3.8 

3.8

Oct.

3.5 

3.5 

3.4 

3.3 

3.3

3.3 

3.3 

3.3 

3.1 

3.0

3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

3.0

3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

3.0

3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

3.0

3.0 

3.5 

3.2 

3.0 

3.0 

3.0

Mar. Apr.

3.6 4.0 

3.6 4.0 

3.6 4.2 

3.5 4.1 

4.5 3.9

3.9 3.8 

3. 9 3. 8 

6.0 3.8 

4. 5 3. 8 

4.3 4.5

4.0 4.0 

4.0 4.0 

4.0 4.0 

3. 8 3. 9 

3. 8 4. 0 

3.7 .....

Nov.

3.0 

3.6 

3.0 

3.0 

3.0

3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

3.0 

4.0

3.3 

3.3 

3.2 

3.2 

3.2

3.1 

3.2 

3.2 

3.1 

3.1

3.8 

3.7 

4.7 

4.0 

3.6

3.6 

3.5 

3.5 

3.4 

3.3

May.

1

3.6 

3.6 

3.7 

3.65 

3.6

3.6 

3.5 

3.4 

3.4 

3.5

3.5 

3.5 

3.5 

3.4 

3.5 

3.5

Dec.

3.3 

3.3 

3.3 

3.3 

3.2

3.1 

3.1 

3.1 

4.5 

4.0

3.7 

3.7 

4.0

4.2 

3.8

3.7 

3.6 

3.6 

3.5 

3.5

3.5 

3.8 

4.1 

3.9

3.8

3.7 

3.6 

3.6 

3.6 

5.0 

4.0

June.

3.4 

3.35 

3.5 

3.4 

3.4

3.4 

3.4 

3.4 

3.3 

3.3

3.25 

3.25 

3.2 

3.2 

3.2
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 205 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Toccoa River near Dial, Ga.,for 1907 and 1908.

Day.

1907. 

1...........

2...........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6. .... ....

7. ..........

8...........

g

10..... .....

11...........

12.... ......

14...........

15...........

16. ..........

17...........

18...........

19...........

20. ..........

21......... .

22...........

23...........

24...........

25...........

26...........

* 27...........

28...........

29...........

30...........

31...........

Day.

1908. 

1..........

2

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8. .........

10..........

11..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

Jan.

Jan.

500

440

500 

440 

440

Feb.

440 

440

500 

440 

385 

440

Feb. Mar.

1

Apr.

- - --|---

1 -------!------- -------j- ------

Mar.

500 

500 

500 

500 

500

500 

440 

440 

385 

385

385 

500 

385 

385

Apr.

440 

440 

440 

440 

500

500 

440 

440 

440 

412

385 

385 

385 

385

May.

500 

500 

550 

500 

550

440

500 

440 

440

440 

440 

412 

412 

412

May.

335 

335 

335 

290

290 

290 

290 

290 

290

335 

335 

290 

290

June.

500 

385 

385 

335 

335

335 

290

385 

335

335 

290 

290 

290 

335

290 

247 

247

247 

247

247 

247 

247 

290 

290

290 

290 

290 

290 

290

June.

290 

290 

290 

335 

335

335 

290 

290 

290 ! 

290

290 

290 

290 

335 

335

July.

290 

290 

290 

210 

247

247 

210 

247 

177 

210

210 

210 

335 

247 

247

247 

247

385 

385

290 

290 

290 

177 

150

210 

177 

111 

210

247 

247

Day.

1908. 

16...... ...

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23 ..........

24 ..........

25 ..........

26.......... _.,

Aug.

177 

177 

177 

177 

177

177 

177 

177 

177 

150

150

210 

210

177 

177 

290 

210 

177

177 

210 

210 

247

177

177 

150 

150 

177 

177 

177

Jan.

500

500

500

500

500

440 

440

500

27 500

28..........

29..........

31..........

500 

440

Sept.

150 

150 

290 

210 

210

210 

177 

150 

150 

150

150 

150 

150 

150 

150

150 

150 

150 

150 

150

150 

290

385 

247

247

247

440 

335

Oct.

335 

335 

290 

247 

247

247 

247 

247 

177 

150

150 

150 

150 

150 

150

150 

150 

150 

150 

150

150 

- 150 

150 

150 

150

150 

335 

210 

150 

150 

150

Feb. Mar. Apr.

...... 385 .....

...... 385 .....

...... 335 .....

550

5 

5

0 500 

0 500

. . 500

30 ....... 500 in30 ......j.....

1

5 

5

30 ...... ! .....

30 500 1 550 

500

...... 440 ! .....

Nov.

150 

385 

150 

150 

150

150 

150 

150 

150

247 

247 

210 

210 

210

177 

210 

210 

111 

111

500 

440

385

385 

335 

335 

290 

247

May.

385 

385 

440 

412

385

385 

335 

290 

290 

335

335 

335 

335 

290 

335 

335

Dec.

247 

247 

247 

247 

210

177 

177 

177

440 

440

500

440 

385 

385 

335 

335

335 

500

500

440 

385 

385 

385

June.

290 

268 

335 

290 

290

290 

290 

290 

247 

247

228 

228 

210 

210 

210

NOTE. Daily discharge 1907-8 based on a fairly well-defined rating curve. On missing days from May 

17,1907, to June 30,1908, the discharge was greater than 550 second-feet.

OCOEE RIVER AT McCAYS, TENN.

This station is located at a suspension footbridge just below 

McCays Ferry at McCays, Tenn., near the Georgia-Tennessee boundary and one-half mile below the railroad bridge of the Louisville and 

Nashville Railroad. It is one-half mile above the mouth of Fightingtown Creek. It was established March 21, 1903. The records are 

especially valuable for estimates of water power, there being a great 

amount of fall in the river below.

Discharge measurements are made from the suspension footbridge 

where the section is excellent. Swinging or shaking of the bridge
206 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

during discharge measurements may cause some error, but this is 

not thought to be serious.

The name of the town has been changed to Copperhill.

Discharge measurements of Ocoec River at McCays, Tenn., in 1907.

Date.

April 26........

Hydrographer.

M. R. Hall. ........................................

0. P. Hall..........---.-...--.--....-..--...-......

Width.

Feet.

157

148

150

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

544

420

364

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

^nq

Daily gage height, in feet, of Ocoee River at McCays, Tenn., for 1907 and 1908. 

[Observer, Arch Ballew.]

Day.

1907.

2............... 

3...............

4...............

5...............

8...............

9

10...........-.--

11.. .............

12...............

10

14....... ........

15...--....-...-.

18...............

19. ..............

20...............

21...............

23...............

25...............

26...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

1908. 

1......... ....

2...---.........

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

8...............

9........ ......

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

Jan.

2.95

2.5 

2.4

2.25

2.1 

2.1

2.0

1.9

1 9

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.7

l.G

1.0

1.7 

1.6

1.55

1.6

1.55 

1.65

2.35

2.1

1.9

1.8

3.4

2.5 

2.4

2.15

1.9

3.0

4.2

3.0

2.55

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.15

2.0

2.0

Feb.

3.2

2.65 

2.35

2.4

3.2

2.65

2.2

2. 1

1 9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.75

2.05 

2.1

1.9

3.5

2.35

2.0

2.0

1 9

2.1 

1.85

1.8

1 95

2.6

2.95

2.5

2.5

2.55

3.6

3.0

2.8

2.55

Mar.

2.05

4.2 

2.7

2.2

2.0 

1.9

1 9

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.5 

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4 

1.5

2

n

2.0

2.0

2.0

1 9

1.9 

1 9

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.9

2.15

1.9

1.85

1 S

1.8

1.7

1.75

2.65

Apr.

1.8

1.5 

1.4

1.4

1.4 

2.25

1.6

1 6

1.55

1.5

1.45

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.8

1.6

1.75

2.3

1.9

1.75 

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.95

1.9

1 9

2.45

1.95

1 9

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.75 

1.8

2 95

2.1

2.75

2.8

2.45

May.

1.5

1.45 

1.4

1.7

1.5 

1.4

1.6

1.7

1.5

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.75

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.35

2.1

1.4

1.3

2.0

2.2

2.1

2 15

2.0

2.3

2.0

1.95

1.9

1.85 

1.8

1.8

2.0

1.9

June.

3.0

2.05 

1.8

1.6

1.5 

1.45

1.4

2.1

1.8

1.5

1.5

i ^

1.55

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.4

2.35

l.S 

1.5

1.3

1.6

1.3

1.5

1.4

1.45

1.75

1.7

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.45

1.5

1.3

1.3 

1.5

1.45

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

July.

1.2

1.2 

1.2

1.2

1.45 

1.25

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.2

2.3

2.3

1.7

1.3

1.2

1.2

2.0

1.8

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.2 

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.5 

1.1

1.0

1.25

1.95

2.05 

2.1

1.7

1 9

2.7

1.8

1.45

1.35 

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.3

1.2

1.1

Aug.

1.0

1.0 

1.0

.9

.9 

1.0

.95

.9

.85

.88

.8

1.2

1.35

1.6

2.35

1.0

2.25

1.55

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.1

.9

.8

.9

.85

g

Q

.85

.85

1.3 

1.15

1.3

1.5

1.05

.95

.92

.85 

.85

.8

.82

1.15

.88

.95

Sept.

0.7

.7 

1.1

1.15

.85 

.8

.75

.8

1.4

1.1

1.45

.85

.75

.7

.7

.7

.7

2.3

4.8

1.2

1.0 

1.3

1.5

2.4

1.35

g

.9

.82

.8

2.1 

1.25

1.0

.95

.9

.9

.8

.8 

.8

.8

.75

.8

.75

.75

.75

Oct.

1.2

1.1 

1.1

1.1

1.1 

1.05

.98

1.1

.9

.9

.85

.85

.85

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.75

.72 

1.1

1.45

1.8

.8 

.8

.62

.6

.6

.6

1.2

1.6

.85

.75

.7 

.7

.7

.65

.65

.6

.6

.6

Nov.

0.78

1.05 

1.2

.88

.82 

.85

.85

.8

1.5

1.4

1.0

g

9

.82

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.6

2.9

2 Q

1.85

1. 55 

1.45

1.4

1.25

1.2

.7

.75

9

.75

.7 

.7

.7

68

.65

.75

.82

.7 

.8

.85

.72

.7

.65

.65

.65

Dec.

1.15

1.1 

1.1

1.1

1.1 

1.0

1.0

1.0

1 1 P*

2.25

1.6

1.65

2.3

1 ft**

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

2.85

1 9

1.85

1.7 

1.6

1.6

2.65

3.4 

3.2

1.3

1.45

.92

.8

1 05

1.2 

6.1

2.75

1.8

1.5

1.3

1.6

1.35 

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.3
TENNESSEE EIVEE BASIN. 207

Daily gage height, in feet, ofOcoee River at McCays, Tenn., for 1907 and 1908 Continued.

Day.

1908. 

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

OQ

29............... 

30.. .............

31...............

Jan.

1.95

1 9

1.9

2.1

1

0

1.9

1.8

1.8

Feb.

2.4

2.25

2.6

2.3

2.1

2.05

Mar.

2.8

2.3

3.1

2.65

2.45

2.2 

2.1

2.1

Apr.

2.25

2.1

2.1

4.2

2.7

2.2 

2.2

May.

1.75

1.7

1.6

1.7

1 q

1.85

1.6

1.8

1.5

June.

1 4^

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.05 

1.05

July.

1.0

1.6

1.0

1.0

1.35 

1.15

1.0

Aug.

0.85

2.25

2.6

1.5

1.25

1.1

1.0 

1.0

.9

Sept.

0.78

.72

.7

.65

.65

.65

.75

.65

Oct.

0.62

.6

.6

1.2 

1.0

.8

Nov.

0.65

.65

fiC

.62

.6

.6

.65

Dec.

1.45

9 Q^

2.2

1.75

1.4

1.3

1 0

1.3 

1.2

1.45

Rating table for Ocoee River at McCays, Tcnn.,for 1907 and 1908.

Gage

height.

Feet.

0.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

360

400

445

490

540

590

640

695

750

810

870

930

Gage

height.

Feet.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1.80 990

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

, 2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

1,055

1,120

1,185

1,250

1,315

1,380

1,445

1.510

1,580

1,650

1,720

Gage ! Disheight.

Feet.

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

charge.

Sec.-ft.

1,790

1,860

1,930

2,000

2,075

3. 50 2, 150

3. 60 2, 225

3. 70 2, 300

3. 80 2, 375

3.90 2,450

; 4. 00 2, 530

1 4. 20 2, 690

Gage

height.

Feet.

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,850

3,015

3,185

3,360

3,540

3,730

3,930

4,130

4.330

4,530

4,740

4,960

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on seven discharge measurements made during 1906 and 1907 and the form of previous curves, and is well defined 

between gage heights 0.9 feet and 3.5 feet. Above gage height 1.0 foot the table is the same as the 1906

table.

Monthly discharge of Ocoec River at McCays, T(nn.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Drainage area, 374 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

March. ..................................

April....................................

July.....................................

1908.

July.....................................

The year. ..........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,760 

1,930 

2,690 

1,320 

1,220 

1,790 

1,320 

1,350 

3,180 

990 

1,720 

2,080

3,180

2,690 

4,850 

3,100 

2,690 

2,150 

1,150 

1,580 

1,650 

1,180 

870 

490 

4,430

4.850

Minimum.

840 

810 

750 

750 

695 

640 

540 

445 

360 

409 

436 

540

360

990 

990 

930 

960 

810 

565 

490 

445 

380 

360 

360 

445

360

Mean.

1,040 

1,110 

995 

891 

857 

861 

705 

598 

670 

522 

694 

920

822

1,270 

1,520 

1,280 

1,280 

1,080 

736 

768 

658 

485 

424 

400 

903

Per

square 

mile.

2.78 

2.97 

2.66 

2.38 

2.29 

2.30 

1.89 

1.60 

1.79 

1.40 

1.86 

2.46

2.20

3.40 

4.06 

3.42 

3.42 

2.89 

1.97 

2.05 

1.76 

1.30 

1.13 

1.07 

2.41

900 1 2.41

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.20 

3.09 

3.07 

2.66 

2.64 

2.57 

2.18 

1.84 

2.00 

1.61 

2.08 

2.84

29.78

3.92 

4.38 

3.94 

3.82 

3.33 

2.20 

2.36 

2.03 

1.45 

1.30 

1.19 

2.78

32.70

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.
208 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1907-8.

ELK RIVER NEAR ELKMONT, ALA.

This station is located at the wagon bridge near Wilson's store 

about 5 miles east of Elkmont, Ala., and 3 miles below the bridge of 

the Louisville and Nashville Railroad.

It was established June 24, 1904, for the purpose of obtaining flow 

data for the lower tributaries of the Tennessee River. There are also 

good water power possibilities on this river.

The station was discontinued on February 3, 1908.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Elk River near Elkmont, Ala., for 1907 and 1908. 

[Observer, J. D. Tennison.]

Day.

1907. 

1. ..............

2...............

4............... 

5...............

6...............

7...............

9............... 

10. ..............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24............... 

25...............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

12.5

7.5

7.2

6.7

6.0

5.4

4.6

4.4 

4.2

4.0

3.9

3.7

3.5

3.25

3.15

3.15

4.6

4.5

4.0

3.8

3.6 

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.4 

4.0

Feb.

13.0

12.9

9.8 

8.5

5.8

5.0

4.0

4.0 

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.55

3.4

3.3

3.25

3.2

3.0

2.95

2.95

2.9

2.85

3.1 

3.6

3.35

3.7

Mar.

11.8

18.7 

12.5

8.5 

8.0

5.6

5.6

5.0

7.1

6.2

5.6

5.7

9.8

7.9

5.3

4.5

4.2

3.9

3.5 

3.4

3.3

3 9

3.1

3.0

3.0 

3.1

Apr.

2.9

2.8 

2.8

2.7 

2.6

3.2

3.0

3.1 

3.0

2.85

2.85

2.8

2.75

2.6

2.5

2.6

2.8

3.1

3.15

3.2

3.5

3.2 

2.9

2.9

2.8

4.8

May.

5.1

3.85

3.7 

3.6

9.3 

7.2

13.0

10.2

8.5

7.3

7 9

6.4

6.0

5.4

3.6

3.2

3 9

3.15 

3.1

3

rv

2.8

2.75

2.7 

2.85

June.

4.5

3.6 

3.4

3.25 

3.2

2.95

2.85

2.7

2.6 

2.7

3.6

3.15

2.75

2.75

3.2

3.4

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.36

2.3

9 7

2.5

3.4

3.0

2.7

2.3

July.

2.3

2.3 

3.7

2.85 

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.2

2.1 

2.0

2.2

3.35

5.35

3.15

2.7

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.1

2.0

2.1 

2.0

2.0

2.15

2.45 

2.4

Aug.

2.2

2.0 

2.0

1.95 

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.9

2.65 

2.7

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.0

1.9

2.35

2.15

1.95

1.85

1.8

1.9

2.1

2.05 

1.9

1.8

2.0

2.1

1.9 

2.0

Sept.

2.0

1.9 

1.7

2.0 

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.1 

2.1

2.0

1.95

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

4.7

3.4 

3.0

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.0

2.0

Oct.

1.9

1.8 

1.9

1.9 

2.0

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.85 

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.65

1.7

1.65 

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.65 

1.6

Nov.

1.65

2.75

2.5 

2.4

2.3

1 9

1.8 

3.7

3.65

3.35

3.3

- 1.95

1 9

2.0

2.0

2.6

2.6

3.5

3.3

3.4

3.6

3.5 

3.5

3

S

3.4

2.7

2.7

Dec.

3.2

3.1

3

f\

2

0 

. o 

O o

2 3

9 ^

2.8 

3.0

3.35

3.0

3.0

3

1

3.5

3.3

3 9

3.1

3.0

3.0

2 Q

4

0

3.8 

3.3

3

rt

3

f\

2.9

3.0

12.5

Day.

1908.

5::::::::::::::

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7..............

8..............

g

10..............

Jan.

7 ^

6.1

5.0

6.5

10.4

8.4

7.4

5.8

4.8

4.2

Feb.

9.5

5.9

Day.

1908. 

11..............

12..............

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19

20..............

Jan.

5.4

5.2

4.6

5.6

5.4

5.2

5.0

Feb. Day.

1908. 

21..............

22..............

23. .............

24..............

25..............

26..............

27..............

28..............

30..............

Jan.

3.9

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.1

3 0

3.0

Feb.
TENNESSEE EIVEE BASIN. 209 

Rating table for Elk River near Elkmont, Ala., for 1905 to 1908.

height.

Feet. 

1.50 

1.60 

1.70 

1.80 

1.90 

2.00 

2.10 

2.20 

2.30 

2.40 

2.50 

2.60 

2.70 

2.80 

2.90 

3.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

315

375

440

510

585

660

740

830

930

1,040

1,150

1,270

1,400

1,530

1,670

1,820

height.

Feet. 

3.10 

3.20 

3.30 

3.40 

3.50 

3.60 

3.70 

3.80 

3.90 

4.00 

4.10 

4.20 

4.30 

4.40 

4.50 

4.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,970 

2,130 

2,300 

2,480 

2,660 

2,840 

3,030 

3,220 

3,420 

3,620 

3,830 

4,040 

4,260 

4,490 

4,720 

4,950

height.

Feet. 

4.70 

4.80 

4.90 

5.00 

5.20 

5.40 

5.60 

5.80 

6.00 

6.20 

6.40 

6.60 

6.80 

7.00 

7.20

DisSec.-ft. 

5,190 

5,430 

5,680 

5,930 

6,450 

6,980 

7,520 

8,080 

8,640 

9,210 

9,790 

10,380 

10,980 

11,600 

12,240

height.

Feet. 

7.40 

7.60 

7.80 

8.00 

9.00 

10.00 

11.00 

12.00 

13.00 

14.00 

15.00 

16.00 

17.00 

18.00 

19.00

DisSec.-ft. 

12,880 

13,520 

14,160 

14,800 

18,000 

21,200 

24,400 

27,600 

30,800 

34,000 

37,200 

40,400 

43,600 

46,800 

50,000

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made during 1904 to 1906 and is well defined between gage heights 1.2 feet and 4.0 feet.

Monthly discharge of Elk River near Elkmont, Ala., for 1905, 1907, and 1908. 

[Drainage area, 1,700square miles.]

Month.

1905.

January.................................. 26,000

February................................ 39,100

March.................................... 31,100

April..................................... 4,260

May...................................... 29,500

June..................................... 22,500

July...................................... 31,400

August................................... 4,720

September............................... 6,450

October.................................. 10,100

November............................... 1,270

December................................ 28,900

The year........................... 39,100

1907.

January.................................. 29,200

February................................ 30,800

March.................................... 49,000

April..................................... 5,430

May...................................... 30,800

June..................................... 4,720

July...................................... 6,840

August................................... 1,400

September............................... 5,190

October.................................. 660

November............................... 3,030

December................................ 29,200

The year........................... 49,000

1908.

January.................................. 22,500

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum. Minimum.

1,040

1,530

1,820

830

1,150

930

660

440

345

315

475

585

315

1,970

1,600

1,820

1,150

1,400

930

660

440

440

315

408

930

315

1,740

Mean.

3,850

12,400

6,320

1,650

4,620

4,500

4,070

1,320

914

2,040

663

6,550

4,070

5,350

6,920

9,910

1,790

7,490

1,760

1,270

716

1,070

447

1,670

3,520

3,490

6,440

Per 

square 

mile.

Run-ofl 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

2.26

7.29

3.72

.971

2.72

2.65

2.39

.776

.538

1.20

.390

3.85

2.40

3.15

4.07

5.83

1.05

4.41

1.04

.747

.421

.629

.263

.982

2.07

2.(

3.79

2.61

7.59

4.29

1.08

3.14

2.96

2.76

.89

.60

1.38

.44

4.44

32.19

3.63

4.24

6.72

1.17

5.08

1.16

.86

.49

.70

.30

1.10

2.39

27.84

4.37

Accuracy.

NOTE. The 1905 table of monthly discharge was omitted from Water-Supply Paper 205 through an 

oversight.

21144 IRR 243 10 14
210 SUKFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1907-8.

DUCK RIVER AT COLUMBIA, TENN.

This station is located at the highway bridge two blocks north of 

the public square at Columbia, Tenn. It is about 2 miles above the 

mouth of Kutherford Creek.

The original gage was established by the United States Weather 

Bureau, but readings were not made except at special times during 

high water. On October 21, 1904, an observer was employed by the 

United States Geological Survey and daily gage readings were maintained, using the United States Weather Bureau's vertical gage until 

a chain gage was installed in 1905. This gage is on the same datum.

The measuring section is good except at very low stage, when it 

becomes sluggish. Some of the discharge measurements have been 

made from a boat at a swifter place a short distance above.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Duck River at Columbia, Tenn., for 1907 and 1908. 

[Observer, W. O. Cherry.]

Day.

1907. 

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

5...............

6...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12............... 

13............... 

14. .............. 

15. ..............

16...............

17............... 

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23............... 

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28............... 

29...............

30...............

31...............

1908. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10............... 

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

Jan.

18.0

10.0

6.0 

6.9

7.2

5.7

4.7

3.2

2.7

2.55 

2.35 

2.25 

2.2

OIK

2.45

9 ^

4.6

4.8

3.2

2.85

2.3

2.0

1.95

1.85 

1.7

1.6

1.6 

8.6

5.9

12.9

11.0

7.4

5.0

3.8

3.2 

3.4

5.4

5.8

5.0

4.4

Feb.

8.6

17.4

13.5 

8.0

G.4

4.3

3.6

3.1

2.9

2.7

2.55

2.35 

2.15 

2.0 

1.85

1.75

1.6 

1.55

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2 

1.65

3.0

3.0

3.4

3.4

9.3

9 0

5.2

4.5

A Q

o e

10.4 

16.6

11.6

Q fi

8.4

14.6

Mar.

7.4

19.3 18.3- 

10.4

6.0

4.2

3.7

3.6

3.2

10.6

11.8

8.0 

5.3 

15.4 

16.4

11.2

7.2 

5.2

4.2

3.6

1 9

2.7

2.35 

2.15

2.05

1.85

1.75

1.65 

1.55

1.45

1.4

2.8

0 Q

6.3

6.2

5.2

3.8

o (]

2.95 

3.8

10.1

U c

7.4

4.8

Apr.

1.4

1.35

1.3 

1.25

1.3

1.55

1.45

1.4

1.35 

1.25 

1.2 

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.75

1 &

1.45

1.3

1.25

»1.3 

1.35

2.2

2.7

9 W

2.3

2.0

2.65

2.45

OIK

1.95 

1.75

1.65

1.55

1.4

May.

2.2

1.85

1.7 

1.9

1.9

7.8

J9 9

9.4

7.8

5.9

6.4

6.0 

4.1 

3.8 

5.5

4.8

3.8 

3.2

2.3

1.6 r.6

1.5

1.45

1.35

1.3 

1.2

2.85 

2.0

1 S*.

1.6

1.55

4.7

K Q

o n

2.6

1 95

1.75

2.35

June.

5.0

4.2

3.4 

2.75

2.3

2.0

1.45

6.9

4.7

3.0

2.2 

1.8 

1.45 

3.4

2.25

1.65

1.25

1.1

1.0

.95

1.8

2.1

1.7

1.55 

1.25

1.15

1.8

1.55

1 9

3.1

2.9

2.3

1.85

0 1

2.5 

2.35

2.5

1 9

1.6

1.5

July.

1.05

1.4

6.0 

2.95

1.6

1.25

1.15

1.05

.95

1.05

1.1

2.05 

9.0 

5.1 

3.0

2.0

1.6

1 ^

1.15

2.0

1 9

1.45 

1.25

1.15

1.05

1.0

.9 

1.1

1.05

1.0 

9

2.0

1.25

1.6

1.2

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

Aug.

1.0

1.05

.95 

.9

.8

.85

.75

1.15

1.0

.9 

.9

.8 

.8

.85

.85

oc

.85

.85

.8

.85 

.75

.7

.7

.65 

1.0

1.2

.95

.7

1.0

.7

.75

.85

.9

1.25 

1.15

1.05

.95

.9

.85

Sept.

0.9

.75

2.15 

1.35

1.0

.9

.85

.9

.8

1.0

.9

1.1 

1.25 

.95 

.8

.75

.7

.65

.6

1.95

7.5 

3.7

2.05

1.4

1.15

1.05 

.85

.8

.9

.8

6.6

3.2

2.3

1.5

1.25

1.05 

1.0

.9

.8

.8

.8

Oct.

0.8

.8

.85 

.75

.7

.75

.75

.85

.95

.9

.8

.8 

.7 

.75 

.7

.8 

.7

.65

.55

.6

.55 

.5

.5

.6

.55

.6 

.55

.6

.7 

.95

9

.85

.8

.8

.7

.7

.7

.7 

.7

.7

.7

.7

Nov.

0.75

1.2

2.65 

2.0

1.4

1.15

1.0

.9

.8

1.65

3.8

2.65 

1.8 

1.45

1.25

1.1

.8 

1.15

1.9

2.6

3.8 

6.0

4.0

3.2

2.5

2.1 

1.9

1.75

.6

.6

.6

.7

.7

.7

.65

.7

.7 

.6

 .65

.7

.6

Dec.

1.6

1.55

1.35 

1.25

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.6

2.9

2.35 

2.05 

2.5 

3.0

9 55

2.35

2.6

2.45

2.1

2.0

5.0 

6.4

4.7

4.2

3.3

2.65 

2.55

5.2

11.4 

1.8

1 ^

1.2

1.15

1.05

1.15

5.4

5.8

3.2

2.6 

2.0

2.3

2.3

2.05

1.75
TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 211 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Duck River at Columbia, Term., for 1907 and 1908 Cont'd.

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19. ..............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24. .............. 

25...............

26. ..............

28. ..............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

4.4

5.7

4.8

4.2

3.4

2.95

2.75

2.55

2.35 

2.1

1.95

1.9

1.8

1.75

1.6

1.75

Feb.

12.6

7.8

5.6

5.4

5.8

4.4

4.1

3.4

2.9 

2.7

3.6

3.8

3.6

3.0

Mar.

4.0

3.2

2.75

2.55

3.2

2.95

3.3

4.2

9.0

7.4

5.4

4.2

3.6

3.4

3.8

3.1

Apr.

1.6

1.5

2.3

3.2

2.65

2 35

1.95

1.75

4.6

8.8

4.6

4.8

3.2

2.4

2.15

May.

2.6

2.3

2.75

4.1

3.5

2.6

2.05

1.6 

1.45

3.9

4.6

3.2

2.3

2.25

2.2

June.

1.3

1.2

1.05

1.0

.95

.9

.95

1.05 

1.7

1.55

1.25

1.1

.95

.9

July.

0.8

.8

.8

.75

.7

.85

.8

.85 

.85

.8

.7

.75

.75

Aug.

0.8

.8

.8

.8

2.6

3.9

2.25

1.6

1.3 

1.4

1.2

1.05

1.0

.95

.85

.8

Sept.

7

7

7

3.9

4.8

3.2

2.0 

1.3

1.15

1.0

.95

Oct.

0.7

.75

.65

.7

.65

.6

.6

.6 

.55

.55

.6

.6

Nov.

0.6

.7

.7

.65

.6

.6

.65

.7 

.7

.7

2.45

2.45

Dec.

1.6

1 oe

1 Q

1.2

1.2

O 0

9.7

6.2

0 1

2.8

2 5

2.25

O ^C

Rating table for Duck River at Columbia, Terin.,for 1907 and 1908.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

0.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

1.10

1.20

1.30

1.40

1.50

1.60

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

100

145

195

250

310

375

440

510

5SO

650

720

790

860

930

1,005

1,080

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,160

1,240

1,320

1,400

1,480

1,560

1,645

1,730

1,815

1,900

1,990

2,080

2,170

2,260

2,350

2,440

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3.70

3.80

3.90

4.00

4.20

4.40

4.60

4.80

5.00

5.20

5.40

5.60

5.80

6.00

6.20

6.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

2,530

2.620

2,710

2,800

2,980

3,160

3, 340

3,520

3,700

3,880

4,060

4,240

4,420

4,600

4.780

4,960

Gage 

height.

Feet.

6.60

6.80

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

12.00

13.00

14.00

15.00

16.00

17.00

18.00

19.00

20.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

5,140

5.320

5,500

6,400

7,300

8,200

9,100

10,000

10,900

11,800

12,700

13,600

14,500

15, 400

16,300

17,200

NOTE. The above table is not applicable for obstructed-channel conditions. It is based on discharge 

measurements made during 1901 and 1905 to 1906 and is well defined between gage heights 0.5 foot and 

4.0 feet. Above gage height 4. 0 feet it is based on one measurement made in 1901 at gage height 11.9 

feet. Above gage height 3. 0 feet the rating curve is a tangent, the difference being 90 per tenth.

Monthly discharge of Duck River at Columbia, Tenn.,for 1907 and 1908. 

[Drainage area, 1.260 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

15,400 

14,900 

16, 600 

1,240 

10,200 

5.410 

7.300 

. 510 

5,950 

342 

4,600 

9,460

16,600

Minimum.

790 

510 

650 

440 

475 

342 

310 

170 

145 

100 

222 

375

100

Mean.

2.790 

2,730 

4,960 

660 

2,550 

1,350 

1,150 

295 

668 

197 

1,180 

1,820

1,700

Per 

square 

mile.

2.21 

2.17 

3.94 

.524 

2.02 

1.07 

.913 

.234 

.530 

.156 

.936 

1.44

1.35

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area) .

2.55 

2.26 

4.54 

.58 

2.33 

1.19 

1.05 

.27 

.59 

.18 

1.04 

1.66

18.24

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.
212 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1907-8.

Monthly discharge of Duck River at Columbia, Term., for 1907 and 1908 Continued.

Month.

1908.

March. ..................................

May....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

10,800 

14,100 

9,820

7.120 

6, 760 

1,990 

1,080 

2,710 

5,140 

342 

1,440 

7,930

14,100

Minimum.

790 

1,640 

1,520 

650 

685 

310 

195 

195 

195 

100 

145 

408

100

Mean.

3,210 

5,110 

3.440 

1.660

1,840 

852 

375 

509 

854 

189 

285 

1,590

1,660

Per 

square 

mile.

2.55 

4.06 

2.73 

1.32 

1.46 

.676 

. 298 

.404 

.678 

.150 

. 220 

1.26

1.32

Run-off

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.94 

4.3S 

3.15 

1.47 

1.68 

.75 

.34 

.47 

.76 

.17 

.25 

1.45

17.81

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS IN OHIO RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made in 

the Ohio River drainage basin during 1907 and 1908:

Miscellaneous measurements in Ohio River basin in 1907 and 1908.

Date.

Sept. 17,1.908 

Aug. 25,1908

Do.......

May 28,1907 

Aug. 25,1908

T~»a

Do.......

Aug. 24,1908 

Do.......

Do

Stream. Tributary to 

Ohio River Mississinni River

.....do..................

.....do..................

Oonewango Creek. ......

Oil Creek..... .........

Clarion River ..........

Do ' Red Rank Creek .... .

Aug. 23.1908

Ohio River...........

.....do..............

Allegheny River. .....

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do.......... . ...

.....do. ...............

.....do................

.....do................

Locality.

Suspension bridge, 

Warren, Fa. 

Highway bridge, Tionesta/Pa.

Fifth street bridge, 

Warren, Pa. 

First bridge above 

mouth, about \ mile, 

Irvineton, Pa." 

First highway bridge 

above mouth, Tionesta, Pa. 

Center-street bridge. 

Oil City, Pa. 

Highway bridge, Carlton, Pa. 

Highway bridge, Clar- 

- ion, Pa. 

Highway bridge, 

Brookville, Pa. 

Highway bridge, near 

mouth, Mahoning, 

Pa.

Gage 

height.

Feet.

a 3.06

6-0.17

20.5 

(d)

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

14,500 

886

1,030

31,600

226

45.3

58.4

o United States Corps Engineer gage at Evansville, Incl.

6 Weather Bureau gage.

c Reference point is top of guard railing, 58 feet from guard rail post at west end of bridge, downstream 

side. Distance to water surface, 29.95 feet.

d Reference point, top of hand rail opposite end of second panel from left abutment, downstream side 

of bridge. Distance to water surface, 21.40 feet.

e Water surface 13.00 feet below top of coping stone at west end of bridge, upstream side.

f Water surface to top of second floor beam from north end, downstream side, was 22.75 feet.*

g Reference point, top of board walk, downstream side, 30 feet from bend in guard railing at west end 

of bridge. Distance to water surface, 19.75 feet.

h Water supply commission of Pennsylvania gage.

* Reference point is top of downstream hand rail, three panels from right end of bridge. Distance to 

water surface, 33.56 feet.

* Discharge includes that of mill race.

* Reference point, top of lower chord at south edge of pier, downstream side. Distance to water surface, 27.70 feet.
SUMMAKIES OF DISCHARGE PER SQUARE MILE. 213

Miscellaneous measurements in Ohio River basin in 1907 and 1908 Continued.

Date.

Dec. 9, 1908

Do.......

Aug. 19,1908

Sept. 22, 1908

Do.......

Sept. 23, 1908

Do.......

Apr. 20,1907

Oct. 19, 1907

Aug 24 1907

Oct. 16,1907

Aug. 21,1907

Aug. 22,1907

Stream .

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

.....do.................

Tributary to 

....do................

.....do................

.....do................

Ohio River...........

.....do................

.....do..... ..........

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

Locality .

Ice's Ferry, W.Va. 

\ miie below Uneva

cable station, W.Va.

Hinton, W.Va.......

Point Pleasant, W.Va.

Hamilton, Ohio.......

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

boro, N. C. 

Cherokee, N. C........

.....do................

.....do................

above mouth, near 

McGhee, Tenn.

above Murphy, N.C.

above Murphy, N. C.

Tenn.

Gage 

height

Feet. 

o 1. 61

a 1.86

( b )

(d)

«1. 90

(/)

(d)

(d)

(d)

(*)

32. 22

01.78

01.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

223

 >VJ

112

2 130

401

287

279

284

96

9Q

36

109

99

91 1

1 Oft

i no

a Reference old Cheat River gage at Uneva.

& Reference point, top of hand rail beside down spout of gage box at a point 200 feet from edge of pier 

beside B. & O. R. R. tracks on river side. Distance to water surface, 32.09 feet. 

c Water supply commission of Pennsylvania gage. 

d Referenced. 

« Weather Bureau gage.

/ Upper gage lock No. 11, 17.40 feet. Lower gage lock No. 11, G.50 feet. 

0Gage height determined from reference point.

SUMMARIES OF DISCHARGE PER SQUARE MILE.

The following tables of summaries of discharge per square mile 

are given to allow of ready comparison of relative rates of run-off 

from different areas in the Ohio River drainage basin.

They show in a general wT ay the seasonal distribution of run-off 

and the effect of snow, ground, surface, and artificial storage. But 

the most important fact worth noting is the almost entire lack of 

uniformity or agreement between any two stations. It indicates 

that the discharge of each stream is a law unto itself, and that all 

projects dependent upon stream flow, if they are to be developed 

along the safest and most economical lines, must be based on records 

of stream flowr collected with great care over a long series of years as 

near the location of the project under consideration as possible.
Summary of discharge, in second-feel, per square mile, for Ohio 

Station.

New River at Radford, Va ........................... 

Greenbrier River at Alderson, W. Va. ................

Tennessee River at Knoxville, Tenn. ................. 

Tennessee River at Chattanooga, Tenn ................

North Fork of Mills River at Pinkbed, N. C..........

South Fork of Mills River near Sitton, Tenn .........

Nolichucky River near Greenville, Tenn. ............. 

South Fork of Holston River at Bluff City, Tenn. ... .

Tuckaseegee River at Bryson, N. C. ..................

Valley River at Tomotla, N. C........ ................

Elk River near Elkmont, Ala.... .....................

Drainage 

area.

Sq. m. 

1,640 

8,690 

1,750 

403 

435 

450 

118 

2,720 

1,340

4,900 

987 

1,740 

8,990 

21,400 

41 

24 

40.5 

655 

1,100 

828 

3,060 

408 

675 

2,470 

662 

410 

1,180 

106 

374 

1,700 

1,260

1907.

§ >-»

3.43 

3.95

5.66 

9.66 

7.29

7.79

2.39

1.68 

2.22 

2.46 

3.05 

3.43 

1.66 

1.69 

1.80 

1.65 

1.76 

3.47 

2.81 

2.45 

2.66 

2.87 

4.62 

2.78 

3.15 

2.21

,d

£

O.G1 

1.02

1.28 

2.85 

2.27 

2.13

1.77

1.35 

1.95 

2.02 

2.37 

2.62 

1.48 

1.25 

1.32 

1.35 

1.37 

3.32 

3.03 

2.55 

3.15 

3.39 

4.42 

2.97 

4.07 

2.17

>J

03

a

3.72 

3.96

6.38 

9.40 

7.91 

8.08

1.74

2.20 

2.93 

2.09 

2.28 

2.79 

1.92 

2.01 

2.42 

2.33 

2.45 

3.57 

3.06 

2.73 

2.98 

2.94 

4.82 

2.66 

5.83 

3.94

ft 

4

2.46 

2.20

1.62 

2.57 

2.62 

3.22

2.04

1.91 

2.21 

2.19 

2.76 

2.91 

1.79 

1.82 

2.13 

2.06 

2.12 

3.11 

2.69 

2.24 

2.51 

2.40 

2.98 

2.38 

1.05 

.52

>> 

1

2.32 

2.27

1.32 

3.36 

3.62

3.77

2.13

1.58 

1.96 

2.63 

3.60 

4.07 

2.09 

1.53 

1.51 

1.45 

1.30 

3.08 

2.81 

2.66 

2.30 

2.43 

2.85 

2.29 

4.41 

2.02

OJ

a

3

1.65 

1.82

1.69 

3.38 

3.96 

3.75 

3.30

1.83

2.51 

2.47 

2.17 

2.75 

3.56 

1.88 

2.65 

3.97 

3.37 

4.12 

3.05 

2.80 

2.48 

2.49 

2.47 

2.77 

2.30 

1.04 

1.07

j*. "3

Kj

1.05

.85

.55 

3.54 

1.88 

2.69 

1.30 

1 08

1.11

1.29 

1.25 

1.47 

1.87 

2.28 

1.26 

1.45 

2.14 

1.37 

1.74 

1.90 

1.82 

1.77 

2.31 

1.94 

1.93 

1.89 

.75 

.91

bi

P 

 4

0.18

.24 

63

.21 

1.57 

.69 

1.29 

.92 

59

.78

.93 

.99 

1.25 

1.40 

1.65 

.91 

.96 

1.27 

1.04 

1.21 

1.43 

1.27 

1.30 

1.92 

1.60 

1.44 

1.60 

.42 

.23

a 

o> 

02

0.22 

.36

1.20 

.87 

.68 

.84 

1.99 

.73

.85

1.15 

1.12 

2.02 

1.78 

2.28

i.'si

1.68 

1.47 

2.52 

1.87 

1.55 

1.60 

2.71 

1.47 

1.58 

1.79 

.63 

.53

"3 

o

1.32 

1.17

97

1.44 

1.07 

.56

.84 

.81 

,74

.56

.68 

.77 

1.08 

1.27 

1.31

"."85 

.98 

.79 

1.12 

1.33 

1.25 

1.19 

1.33 

1.22 

1.08 

1.40 

.26 

.16

1

1

1

3

2

3

1

?

1

1 

1

1

2

1

2

1

1

1

1

2

2

2

2

1

2

1
INDEX.

A. Page.

Accuracy, degree of.......................... 26-27

Acknowledgments to those aiding........... 28

Acre-foot, definition of....................... 13

Adams, C. R., work of...................... 28

Alderson, W. Va.,

Greenbrier River at:

description.......................... 82

discharge............................ 83

discharge, monthly................. 84,214

gage heights......................... 83-84

rating table......................... 84

Allegheny River at 

Aspinwall, Pa.:

discharge............................ 212

Kittanning, Pa.:

description ......................... 38

discharge............................ 38

discharge, monthly................. 40,214

gage heights......................... 39

rating table......................... 40

Redhouse, N. Y.:

description.......................... 35

discharge............................ 35

discharge, monthly................. 37,214

gage heights......................... 36

rating table......................... 37

Tionesta, Pa.:

discharge............................ 212

Warren, Pa.:

discharge............................ 212

Allegheny River basin:

description.......................... 33-35

stream flow......................... 35-46

Allingdale, W. Va., 

Gauley River at:

description.......................... 85

discharge............................ 85

gage heights......................... 85

Allisonia, Va.,

Big Reed Island Creek near 

description.......................... 78

discharge............................ 78

gage heights......................... 78

Appropriations, amount of.................. 7

Asheville, N. C.,

French Broad River at:

description.......................... 112

discharge............................ 112

discharge, monthly................ 114,214

gago heights....................... 112-113

rating tables...................... 113-114

Aspinwall, Pa.,

Allegheny River at:

discharge............................ 212

Avonmore, Pa.,

Kiskisminetas River at:

curves for, figures showing........... 23

description.......................... 41

discharge............................ 41

discharge, monthly................. 43,214

gage heights......................... 42

rating table.......................... 43

B.

Barrackville, W. Va., 

Buffalo Creek at:

description.......................... 55

discharge............................ 55

gage heights......................... 56

Barrows, A. T., work of..................... 28

Barrows, II. K., work in charge of........... 28

Belington, W. Va., 

Tygart River at:

description.......................... 48-49

discharge............................ 49

gage heights......................... 49-50

Belva, W. Va.,

Gauley River at:

description.......................... 86

discharge............................ 86

gage heights......................... 87

Big Reed Island Creek near 

Allisonia, Va.:

description.......................... 78

discharge............................ 78

gage heights......................... 78

Blacklick Creek at 

Blacklick, Pa.:

description.......................... 44

discharge............................ 44

discharge, monthly................. 46,214

gage heights......................... 45

rating table.......................... 46

Bluestone River at 

Lilly, W. Va.:

description.......................... 81

discharge............................ 81

gage heights......................... 81

Bluff City, Tenn,,

Holston River (South Fork) near:

description.......................... 151

discharge............................ 151

discharge, monthly................ 153,214

gage heights....................... 151-152

rating table.......................... 152

Bolster, R. H., work in charge of............ 28,29

Brasstown Creek near ' 

Murphy, N. C.:

discharge............................ 213

215
216 INDEX.

Brokenstraw Creek near 

Irvineton, Pa.:

discharge............................ 212

Brookville, Pa.,

Red Bank Creek at:

discharge............................ 212

Brushton, W. Va., 

Coal River at:

description.......................... 91

discharge............................ 91

gage heights......................... 92

Bryson, N. C.,

Tuckaseegee River at:

description.......................... 180

discharge............................ 181

discharge, monthly................ 182,214

gage heights....................... 181-182

rating table......................... 182

Buckhannon River at 

Hall, W. Va.:

description.......................... 52

discharge............................ 52

gage heights......................... 52-53

Buffalo Creek at 

Barrackville, W. Va.:

description.......................... 55

discharge............................ 55

gage heights........................: 56

C.

Calhoun, N. C., 

Little River at:

description.......................... 123

discharge............................ 123

discharge, daily..................... 125

gage heights......................... 124

Canton, N. C.,

Pigeon River at:

description........................ 136-137

 discharge............................ 137

discharge, daily.................. 138-139

gage heights....................... 137-138

Carlton, Pa.,

French Creek at 

discharge............................ 212

Carmi, III.,

Little Wabash River at:

description.......................... 104

gage heights......................... 104

Casselman River at 

Confluence, Pa.:

description.......................... 60

discharge............................ 60

discharge, monthly................. 62,214

gage heights......................... 61

rating table......................... 62

Chapman, Max, work of..................... 28

Chattanooga, Tenn., 

Tennessee River at:

description.......................... 118

discharge, monthly................ 120,214

gage heights......................... 119

rating table......................... 120

Cheat River at or nearIce's Ferry, W. Va.:

discharge............................ 213

Uneva, W.Va.:

discharge............................ 213

Cheoah River at 

Millsaps, N. C.:

description.......................... 186

discharge............................ 186

discharge, daily................... 187-188

gage heights......................... 187

Cherokee, N. C.,

Oconalufty River near:

description.......................... 184

discharge............................ 185

discharge, daily..................... 186

gage heights......................... 185

Soco Creek at:

discharge........................... 213

Cherry River at 

Richwood, W.Va.:

description.......................... 87

discharge............................ 87

gage heights......................... 87

Chilhowie, Va.,

Holston River (Middle Fork) at:

description........................ 155-156

discharge............................ 156

gage heights....................... 156-157

Holston River (South Fork) near:

description.......................... 148

discharge............................ 148

discharge, daily..................... 150

gage heights......................... 149

Clarion River at 

Clarion, Pa.:

discharge............................ 212

Clay City, 111.,

Little Wabash River near:

description.......................... 103

gage heights......................... 103

Clendenin, W. Va.,

Elk River at:

description.......................... 90

discharge............................ 90

gage heights......................... 91

Clinchport, Va.,

Clinch River at:

description.......................... 188

discharge............................ 188

gage heights......................... 189

Clinch River at 

Clinchport, Va.:

description.......................... 188

discharge............................ 188

gage heights......................... 189

Coal River at or near 

Brushton, W. Va.:

description,......................... 91

discharge......................'...... 91

gage heights......................... 92

Tornado, W. Va.:

description.......................... 92

discharge............................ 92

gage heights......................... 93

Columbia, Tenn.,

Duck River at:

description.......................... 210

discharge, monthly................ 211,214

gage heights....................... 210-211

rating table......................... 211
INDEX. 217

Conewango Creek at 

Warren, Pa.:

discharge............................ 212

Confluence, Pa.,

Casselman River at:

description.......................... 60

discharge............................ 60

discharge, monthly................. 62,214

gage heights......................... 61

rating table......................... 62

Laurel Hill Creek at:

description.......................... 63

discharge............................ 63

discharge, monthly................. 65,214

gage heights......................... 64

rating tables........................ 65

Youghiogheny River at:

description.......................... 57

discharge............................ 58

discharge, monthly................. 59,214

gage heights........................ 58-59

rating table......................... 59

Connellsville, Pa.,

Youghiogheny River at:

discharge............................ 213

Cooperation, credit for....................... 28

Copper Valley, Va., 

Little River near:

description.......................... 79

discharge............................ 79

gage heights.......................... 79

Covert, C. C., work of....................... 27

Grumpier, N. C.,

New River (North Fork) near:

description.......................... 76-77

discharge............................ 77

gage heights......................... 77

New River (South Fork) near:

description.......................... 71

discharge............................ 71

gage heights......................... 72

Cullasaja River at 

Cullasaja, N. C.:

description........................ 172-173

discharge............................ 173

discharge, daily ................... 174-175

gage heights....................... 173-174

Cumberland River Falls, view of............ 30

Current meter, description of................ 19-20

use of............................ 18,20-21

views of............................. 20

Current meter station, view of.............. 18

D.

Davidson River near 

Davidson River, N. C.:

description.......................... 121

discharge............................ 121

discharge, monthly................ 123,214

gage heights....................... 121-122

rating table......................... 122

Dayton, Ohio,

Miami River at:

description ......................... 95-96

gage heights........................ 96-97

Definitions, statements of................... 13

Delphi, Ind.,

Tippecanoe Riv.er near: Page, 

description.......................... 100

discharge............................. 100

discharge, monthly.................. 101

gage heights......................... 101

rating table......................... 101

Democrat, N. C., 

Ivy River at:

description.......................... 135

discharge............................ 135

discharge, daily..................... 136

gage heights......................... 135

Dial, Ga.,

Toccoa River near:

description.......................... 203

discharge............................ 203

discharge, daily..................... 205

gage heights......................... 204

Dillsboro, N. C.,

Savannah Creek near:

discharge............................ 213

Scotts Creek near:

description.......................... 183

discharge............................ 183

discharge, daily..................... 184

gage heights......................... 183

Discharge, computation of................... 21-26

curves for............................ 22

figures showing ................. 23

summaries of........................ 214

Discharge measurements, nature of.......... 15,16

Doe River near 

Elizabeth ton, Tenn.:

description........................ 160-161

discharge............................ 161

gage heights....................... 161-162

Drainage, stream flow and................... 9-10

Drainage basins, list of....................... 10

Duck River at 

Columbia, Tenn.:

description.......................... 210

discharge, monthly................ 211,214

gage heights....................... 210-211

rating table.......................... 211

E. 

East Laport, N. C.,

Tuckaseegee River near:

description.......................... 178

discharge............................ 178

discharge, daily.................... 179-180

gage heights....................... 178-179

East Pittsburg, Pa., 

 Turtle Creek at:

discharge............................ 213

Elizabethton, Tenn., 

Doe River near:

description........................ 160-161

discharge............................ 161

gage heights....................... 161-162

Watauga River near:

description........................ 157-158

discharge............................ 158

discharge, monthly................ 160,214

gage heights......................... 159

rating table.......................... 160
218 INDEX.

Elkmont, Ala.,

Elk River near: . Page, 

description.......................... 208

discharge, monthly................ 209,214

gage heights......................... 208

rating table.......................... 209

Elk River (Hiwassee basin) near 

Elkmont, Ala.:

description.......................... 208

discharge, monthly................ 209,214

gage heights......................... 208

rating table.......................... 20v

Elk River (KanaVha basin) at 

Clendenin, W. Va.:

description.......................... 90

discharge............................ 90

gage heights......................... 91

Gassaway, W. Va.:

description.......................... 89

discharge............................ 89

gage heights......................... 90

Webster Springs, W. Va.:

description.......................... 88

discharge............................ 89

gage heights......................... 89

Enterprise, W. Va.,

West Fork River at:

description.......................... 53-54

discharge............................ 54

gage heights......................... 54-55

Equivalents, list of.......................... 14-15

F.

Fayette, W. Va., 

New River at:

description.......................... 75-76

discharge ........................... 76

gage heights......................... 76

Fetterman, W. Va., 

Tygart River at:

description.......................... 50

discharge............................ 50

gage heights......................... 51

Fightingtown Creek near 

McCays, Tenn.:

discharge............................ 213

Fires Creek nearMurphy, N. C.:

discharge............................ 213

Float method, description of................. 19

Flood prevention, stream flow and.......... 10

Follansbee, Robert, work of................. 28

Franklin, N. C.,

Little Tennessee River near:

description.......................... 165

discharge............................ 165

discharge, daily..................... 167

gage heights......................... 166

French Broad River at 

Asheville, N. C.:

description.......................... 112

discharge............................ 112

discharge, monthly................ 114,214

gage heights ...................... 112-113

rating tables....................... 113-114

French Broad River at or near.

Newport, Tenn.: Page, 

description.......................... 115

discharge, monthly................ 116,214

gage heights......................... 115

rating table.......................... 115

Rosman, N. C.:

description.......................... 109

discharge............................ 109

discharge, daily...................... Ill

gage heights......................... 110

French Creek at 

Carlton, Pa.:

discharge............................ 212

Gage heights, nature of...................... 15

Gaging station, description of................ 18

classification of...................... 22-26

Gassaway, W. Va., 

Elk River at:

description.......................... 89

discharge............................ 89

gage heights......................... 90

Gauley River at or near 

Allingdale, W. Va.:

description.......................... 85

discharge............................ 85

gage heights......................... 85

Belva, W. Va.:

description.......................... 86

discharge............................ 86

gage heights......................... 87

Summersville, W. Va.:

description.......................... 85-86

discharge............................ 86

gage heights......................... 86

Glenville, W. Va.,

Little Kanawha River at:

discharge............................ 212

Golden Gate, 111.,

Little W abash River near:

description.......................... 103

discharge............................ 103

gage heights......................... 104

Grahams Forge, Va., 

Reed Creek at:

description.......................... 77

discharge............................ 77

gage heights......................... 78

Grayson, Va.,

New River near:

description.......................... 72

discharge............................ 72

gage heights......................... 72

Greenbrier River at or near 

Alderson, W. Va.:

description.......................... 82

discharge............................ 83

discharge, monthly................. 84,214

gage heights......................... 83-84

rating table.......................... 84

Marlinton, W. Va.:

description.......................... 82

discharge............................ 82

gage heights......................... 82
INDEX. 219

Greenville, Tenn.,

Nolichucky River near: Page, 

description.......................... 142

discharge, monthly................ 144,214

gage heights....................... 142-143

rating table.......................... 143

H.

Hall, B. M., work of......................... 29

Hall, M. R., work in charge of............... 29

Ball, O. P., work of......................... 29

Hall, W. E., work of........................ 29

Hall, W. Va.,

Buckhannon River at:

description.......................... 52

discharge............................ 52

gage heights......................... 52-53

Hamilton, Ohio, 

Miami River at:

discharge............................ 213

Hayesville, N. C.,

Hiwassee River near:

description.......................... 190

discharge............................ 190

discharge, daily..................... 192

gage heights......................... 191

Tusquitee Creek near:

description.......................... 198

discharge............................ 198

discharge, daily..................... 200

gage heights......................... 199

Henderson, Ky., 

Ohio River at:

discharge............................ 212

Henshaw, F F., work of.................... 28,29

Hinton, W. Va., 

New River at:

discharge............................ 213

Hiwassee River at or near 

Hayesville, N. C.:

description.......................... 190

discharge............................ 190

discharge, daily..................... 192

gage heights......................... 191

Murphy, N. C.:

description.......................... 193

discharge............................ 193

discharge, monthly................ 195,214

gage heights......................... 194

rating table.......................... 195

Reliance, Tenn.:

description.......................... 196

discharge............................ 196

discharge, monthly................ 198,214

gage heights....................... 196-197

rating tables......................... 197

Hiwassee River basin:

description.......................... 190

stream flow........................ 190-209

Holston River basin:

description........................ 146-147

stream flow........................ 148-164

Holston River near 

Rogersville, Tenn.:

description.......................... 153

discharge, monthly................ 155,214

gage heights....................... 153-154

rating table.......................... 154

Holston River (Middle Fork) at 

Chilhowie, Va.: Page, 

description........................ 155-156

discharge............................ 156

gage heights....................... 156-157

Holston River (North Fork) at 

Saltville, Va.:

description.......................... 162

discharge............................ 162

discharge, monthly.................. 164

gage heights......................... 163

rating table.......................... 164

Holston River (South Fork) nearBluff City, Tenn.:

description.......................... 151

discharge............................ 151

discharge, monthly................ 153,214

gage heights....................... 151-152

rating table.......................... 152

Chilhowie, Va.:

description.......................... 148

discharge............................ 148

discharge daily..................... 150

gage heights......................... 149

Horton, A. H., work in charge of............ 28,29

Hoyt, J. C., work in charge of............... 28

Hoyt, W. G., work of....................... 28

I.

Ice, measurements under.................... 21,20

Ice's Ferry, W. Va. 

Cheat River at:

discharge............................ 213

Illinois, cooperation of....................... 28

Investigations, authority for................. 7

purposes of.......................... 9-10

scope of............................. 8-9

Irrigation, stream flow and.................. 9

Irvineton, Pa.,

Brokenstraw Creek near:

discharge............................ 212

Ivy River at 

Democrat, N. C.:

description.......................... 135

discharge............................ 135

discharge, daily..................... 136

gage heights......................... 135

J. 

Judson, X. C.,

Little Tennessee River at:

description.......................... 168

discharge............................ 168

discharge, monthly................ 170,214

gage heights....................... 168-169

rating table......................... 169

K.

Kanawha Falls, view of................... 70

Kanawha River at 

Point Pleasant, W. Va.:

discharge............................ 213

Kanawha River basin:

description.......................... 69-71

stream flow......................... 71-94

Kiskiminetas River at 

Avonmore, Pa.:

curves for, figure showing............ 23

description.......................... 41
220 INDEX.

Kiskiminetas Kiver at Continued. 

Avonmore, Pa. Continued.

discharge............................. 41

discharge, monthly................. 43,214

gage heights......................... 42

rating table......................... 43

Kittanning, Pa.,

Allegheny River at:

description.......................... 38

discharge............................ 38

discharge, monthly................. 40,214

gage heights......................... 39

rating table......................... 40

Knight, R. G., work of...................... 28

Knoxville, Tenn.,

Tennessee River at:

description.......................... 116

discharge, monthly................ 118,214

gage heights....................... 116-117

rating table......................... 117

L.

Lamb, W. A., work of....................... 29

Langley, C. E., work of..................... 28

Laurel Hill Creek at - 

Confluence, Pa.:

description.......................... 63

discharge............................ 63

discharge, monthly................. 65,214

gage heights......................... 64

rating tables......................... 65

Lilly, W. Va.,

Bluestone River at:

description.......... j............... 81

discharge............................ 81

gage heights......................... 81

Little Kanawha River at 

Glenville, W. Va.:

discharge............................ 212

Little River (Kanawha basin) near 

Copper Valley, Va.:

description.......................... 79

discharge............................ 79

gage heights......................... 79

Little River (Tennessee basin) at 

Calhoun, N. C.:

description.......................... 123

discharge............................ 123

discharge, daily..................... 125

gage heights......................... 124

Little Tennessee River at or near 

Franklin, N. C.:

description.......................... 165

discharge............................ 165

discharge, daily..................... 167

gage heights......................... 166

Judson, N. C.:

description.......................... 168

discharge............................ 168

discharge, monthly................ 170,214

gage heights....................... 168-169

rating table.......................... 169

McGhee, Tenn.:

description.......................... 170

discharge............ ............... 171

discharge, monthly................ 172,214

gage heights......................... 171

rating table.......................... 172

Little Tennessee River basin: Page, 

description........................ 164-165

stream flow........................ 165-189

Little Wabash River at or near 

Carmi, 111.:

description.......................... 104

gage heights......................... 104

Clay City, 111.:

description.......................... 103

gage heights......................... 103

Golden Gate, 111.:

description.......................... 103

discharge............................ 103

gage heights......................... 104

Los Angeles, Cal., current-meter rating station at, view of.................. 18

M.

McCays, Tenn.,

Fightingtown Creek at:

discharge............................ 213

Ocoee River at:

description........................ 205-206

discharge............................ 206

discharge, monthly................ 207,214

gage heights....................... 206-207

rating table.......................... 207

McGhee, Tenn.,

Little Tennessee River at:

description.......................... 170

discharge............................ 171

discharge, monthly................ 172,214

gage heights......................... 171

rating table......................... 172

Tellico River near:

discharge............................ 213

Mahoning Creek at 

Mahoning, Pa.:

discharge............................ 212

Marlinton, W. Va.,

Greenbrier River near:

description.......................... 82

discharge............................ 82

gage heights......................... 82

Mathers, J. G., work of. .................... 29

Meadow River near 

Russellville, W. Va.:

description.......................... 88

discharge............................ 88

Miami River at 

Dayton, Ohio:

description.......................... 95-96

gage heights......................... 96-97

Hamilton, Ohio:

discharge............................ 213

Miami River basin:

description.......................... 94-95

stream flow......................... 95-97

Millsaps.N. C.,

Cheoah River at:

description.......................... 186

discharge............................ 186

discharge, daily................... 187-188

gage heights......................... 187

Snowbird Creek at:

discharge ........................... 213
INDEX. 221

Mill Shoals, 111.,

Skillet Fork near: Page, 

description.......................... 105

gage heights......................... 105

Mills River (North Fork) at 

Pinkbed, N. C.:

description........................ 125-126

discharge............................ 126

discharge, monthly................ 128,214

gage heights....................... 126-127

rating table......................... 127

Mills River (South Fork) near 

Sitton, N. C.:

description.......................... 128

discharge............................ 128

discharge, monthly................ 130,214

gage heights......................... 129

rating table......................... 130

Miscellaneous measurements in Ohio River

basin......................... 212-213

Monongahela River basin:

description.......................... 47-48

stream flow......................... 48-65

Mount Carmel, 111., 

Wabash River at:

description.......................... 99

discharge............................ 99

gage heights......................... 100

Mud Creek at 

Naples, N. C.:

description.......................... 130

discharge............................ 131

discharge, daily................... 131-132

gage heights......................... 131

Murphy, N. C.,

Brasstown Creek near:

discharge............................ 213

Fires Creek near:

discharge............................ 213

Hiwassee River near:

description.......................... 193

discharge............................ 193

discharge, monthly................ 195,214

gage heights......................... 194

rating table.......................... 195

Murray, F. A., work of...................... 29

Muskingum River at 

Zanesville, Ohio:

description.......................... 67

gage heights......................... 68

Muskingum River basin:

description.......................... 66-67

stream flow.......................... 67-68

N.

Nantahala River near 

Nantahala, N. C.:

description.......................... 175

discharge............................ 175

discharge, daily..................... 177

gage heights......................... 176

Naples, N. C., 

Mud Creek at:

description.......................... 130

discharge............................ 131

discharge, daily................... 131-132

gage heights......................... 131

Narrows, Va.,

Wolf Creek near:

description.......................... 80

discharge............................ 80

gage heights......................... 81

Navigation, stream flow and................. 9

Newport, Tenn.,

French Broad River near:

description.......................... 115

discharge.......................... 116,214

gage heights......................... 115

rating table......................... 115

Figeon River at:

description.......................... 139

discharge............................ 140

discharge, monthly................ 141,214

gage heights....................... 140-141

rating table.......................... 141

New River at or near 

Fayette, W. Va.:

description.......................... 75-76

discharge............................ 76

gage heights......................... 76

Grayson, Va.:

description.......................... 72

discharge............................ 72

gage heights......................... 72

Hinton, W. Va.:

discharge............................ 213

Radford, Va.:

description.......................... 73.

discharge............................ 73

discharge, monthly................. 75,214

gage heights......................... 74

rating table.......................... 75

New River Falls, W. Va., view of........... 70

New River (North Fork) near 

Grumpier, N.C.:

description.......................... 76-77

discharge............................ 77

gage heights......................... 77

New River (South Fork) near 

Crumpler, N. C.:

description.......................... 71

discharge............................ 71

gage heights......................... 72

Nolichucky River near 

Greenville, Tenn.:

description.......................... 142

discharge, monthly................ 144,214

gage heights....................... 142-143

rating table.......................... 143

North Toe River at 

Spruce Pine, N. C.:

description.......................... 144

discharge............................ 145

discharge, daily...................... 146

gage heights......................... 145

O.

Ocoee River at 

McCays, Tenn.:

description........................ 205-206

discharge............................ 206

discharge, monthly................ 207,214

gage heights....................... 206-207

rating table.......................... 207
222 INDEX.

Oconolufty River near 

Cherokee, N.C.: Page, 

description.......................... 184

discharge............................ 185

discharge, daily...................... 186

gage heights......................... 185

Ohio River at 

Henderson, Ky.:

discharge............................ 212

Ohio River basin:

description.......................... 29-33

miscellaneous measurements...... 212-213

stream flow......................... 33-214

Oil City, Pa., 

Oil Creek at:

discharge............................ 212

Oil Creek at 

Oil City, Pa.:

discharge............................ 212

O'Neill, William, work of.................... 28

P.

Padgett, H. D., work of..................... 28,29

Parker, G. L., work of....................... 29

Pigeon River at 

Canton, N.C.:

description........................ 13(5-137

discharge............................ 137

discharge, daily.................... 138-139

gage heights....................... 137-138

Newport, Tenn.:

description.......................... 139

discharge............................ 140

discharge, monthly................ 141, 214

gage heights....................... 140-141

rating table.......................... 141

Pinkbed, N. C.:

Mills River (North Fork) at:

description........................ 125-126

discharge ...... ...... ............. 126

discharge, monthly................ 128,214

gage heights...................... 126-127

rating table.......................... 127

Pocotaligo River at 

Sissonville, W. Va.:

description.......................... 93

discharge............................ 93

gage heights......................... 94

Point Pleasant, W Va., 

Kanawha River at:

discharge............................ 213

Price meter, views of........................ 20

Publications, lists of......................... 10-13

R.

Radford, Va., 

New River at:

description.......................... 73

discharge............................ 73

discharge, monthly................. 75,214

gage heights......................... 74

rating table.......................... 75

Rating curves, construction and use of....... 22

Rating tables, construction of............... 22

nature of............................ 16

Red Bank Creek at 

Brookville, Pa.:

discharge............................ 212

Redhouse, N. Y.,

Alleghany River at: Page, 

description.......................... 35

discharge............................ 35

discharge, monthly................. 37,214

gage heights......................... 36

rating table.......................... 37

Reed Creek at 

Grahams Forge, Va.:

description.......................... 77

discharge............................ 77

gage heights......................... 78

Reliance, Tenn.,

Hiwassee River at:

description.......................... 196

discharge............................ 196

discharge, monthly................ 198,214

gage heights....................... 196-197

rating tables......................... 197

Revision, need for........................... 27-28

Richwood, W. Va., 

Cherry River at:

description.......................... 87

discharge............................ 87

gage heights......................... 87

Rogersville, Tenn.,

Holston River near:

description.......................... 153

discharge, monthly................ 155,214

gage heights....................... 153-154

rating table.......................... 154

Rosman, N. C.,

French Broad River at:

description.......................... 109

discharge............................ 109

discharge, daily..................... Ill

gage heights......................... 110

Run-off, computation of..................... 21-26

definition of............................. 13

Russellville, W. Va., 

Meadow River near:

description.......................... 88

discharge............................ 88

gage heights......................... 88

S. 

Saltville, Va.,

Holston River (North Fork) at:

description.......................... 162

discharge............................ 162

discharge, monthly.................. 164

gage heights......................... 163

rating table.......................... 164

Savannah Creek near 

Dillsboro, N. C.:

discharge............................ 213

Scotts Creek near 

Dillsboro, N. C.:

description.......................... 183

discharge............................ 183

discharge, daily..................... 184

gage heights......................... 183

Second-foot, definition of.................... 13

Section, changes in, estimation for........... 24-25

Shoals, Ind.,

White River (East Branch) at:

description........................ 101-102

discharge............................ 102
INDEX. 223

Shoals, Ind. Continued.

White River (East Branch) at Cont'd. Page, 

discharge, monthly................ 103,214

gage heights......................... 102

rating table.......................... 102

Sissonville, W. Va.,

Pocotaligo River at: 

, description.......................... 93

discharge............................ 93

gage heights......................... 94

Sitton, N. C.,

Mills River (South Fork) near:

description.......................... 128

discharge............................ 128

discharge, monthly................ 130,214

gage heights......................... 129

rating table.......................... 130

Skillet Fork nearMill Shoals, 111.:

description.......................... 105

gage heights......................... 105

Wayne City, 111.:

description.......................... 104

discharge............................ 105

gage heights......................... 105

Slope method, description of................. 16

Snowbird Creek at 

Millsaps, N. C.:

discharge............................ 213

Soco Creek at 

Cherokee, N. C.:

discharge............................ 213

Spruce Pine, N. C., 

North Toe River at:

description.......................... 144

discharge............................ 145

discharge, daily..................... 146

gage heights......................... 145

Staflordsville, Va.: 

Walker Creek at 

description.......................... 79

discharge............................ 80

gage heights......................... 80

Stevens, G. C., work of...................... 28

Stream measurements, accuracy of.......... 26-27

data of, use of....................... 27-28

methods of.......................... 16-21

plate illustrating................ 20

Summaries of discharge ................... 213-214

Summersville, W. Va., 

Gauley River near:

description.......................... 85-86

discharge............................ 86

gage heights......................... 86

Swamps, drainage of, stream flow and....... 9-10

Swannanoa River at 

Swannanoa, N. C.:

description.......................... 132

discharge............................ 132

discharge, daily..................... 134

gage heights......................... 133

T. 

Tables, explanation of....................... 15-16

Taylor, R. J., work of....................... 27

Tellico Plains, Tenn., 

Tellico River at:

discharge........................... 213

Tellico River at or near 

McGhee, Tenn.:

discharge............................ 213

Tellico Plains, Tenn.:

discharge........................... 213

Tennessee River at 

Chattanooga, Tenn.:

description.......................... 118

discharge, monthly................ 120,214

gage heights......................... 119

rating table......................... 120

Knoxville, Tenn.:

description.......................... 116

discharge, monthly................ 118,214

gage heights....................... 116-117

rating table.......................... 117

Tennessee River basin:

description........................ 106-109

stream flow........................ 109-212

Thomas, F. P., work of...................... 29

Tionesta, Pa.,

Allegheny River at:

discharge............................ 212

Tionesta Creek:

discharge............................ 212

Tippecanoe River nearDelphi, Ind.:

description.......................... 100

discharge............................ 100

discharge, monthly.................. 101

gage heights......................... 101

rating table......................... 101

Toccoa River nearDial, Ga.:

description.......................... 203

discharge............................ 203

discharge, daily..................... 205

gage heights......................... 204

Tomotla, N. C.,

Valley River at:

description.......................... 201

discharge............................ 201

discharge, monthly................ 203,214

gage heights....................... 201-202

rating tables........................ 202

Tornado, W. Va.,

Coal River near:

description.......................... 92

discharge............................ 92

gage heights......................... 93

Tuckaseegee River at or near 

Bryson, N. C.:

description.......................... 180

discharge............................ 181

discharge, monthly................ 182,214

gage heights....................... 181-182

rating table......................... 182

East Laport, N. C.:

description.......................... 178

discharge............................ 178

discharge, daily................... 179-180

gage heights....................... 178-179

Turtle Creek at 

East Pittsburg, Pa.:

discharge........................... 213
224 INDEX.

Uneva, W. Va., 

Cheat River at: 

discharge...

U.

Tusquitee Creek near 

Hayesville, N. C.: Page, 

description.......................... 198

discharge............................ 198

discharge, daily..................... 200

gage heights......................... 199

Tygart River at 

Belington, W. Va.:

description.......................... 48-49

discharge............................ 49

gage heights......................... 49-50

Fetterman, W. V'a.:

description.......................... 50

discharge............................ 50

gage heights......................... 51 j

Valley River at 

Tomotla, N.C.:

description.......................... 201

discharge............................ 201

discharge, monthly................ 203,214

gage heights....................... 201-202

rating tables........................ 202

Velocity method, description of............. 17-21

W.

Wabash River at 

Mount Carmel, 111.:

description.......................... 99

discharge............................ 99

gage heights......................... 100

Wabash River basin:

description.......................... 97-99

stream flow........................ 99-105

Walker Creek at 

Staffordsville, Va.: 

description............................ 79

discharge.............................. 80

gage heights........................... 80

Walters, M. I., work of...................... 29

Warren, Pa.,

Allegheny River at:

discharge............................ 212

Conewango Creek at:

discharge............................ 212

Watauga River near 

Elizabethton, Tenn:

description........................ 157-158

discharge............................ 158

Watauga River near Continued.

Elizabethton, Tenn. Continued. Page, 

discharge, monthly................ 160,214

gage heights......................... 159

rating table.......................... 160

Water power, stream flow and............... 9

Water supply, stream flow and............. 9

Wayne City, 111.,

Skillett Fork near:

description.......................... 104

discharge............................ 105

gage heights......................... 105

Webster Springs, W. Va., 

Elk River at:

description.......................... 88

discharge............................ 89

gage heights......................... 89

Weir method, description of................. 16-17

West Fork River at 

Enterprise, W. Va.:

description.......................... 53-54

discharge............................ 54

gage heights......................... 54-55

White River (East Branch) at 

Shoals, Ind.:

description........................ 101-102

discharge............................ 102

discharge, monthly................ 103,214

gage heights......................... 102

rating table.......................... 102

Wolf Creek near 

Narrows, Va.:

description.......................... 80

discharge............................ 80

gage heights.....................::.. 82

Wood, B. D., work of....................... 29

Work, division of........................... 28,29

Y.

Youghiogheny River at 

Confluence, Pa.:

description.......................... 57

discharge............................ 58

discharge, monthly................. 59,214

gage heights......................... 58-59

rating table.......................... 59

Connellsville, Pa.:

discharge............................ 213

Z.

Zanesville, Ohio,

Muskingum River at:

description.......................... 67

o