I 

118TH CONGRESS 

2D SESSION H. R. 7209 

To provide for the establishment of a Caribbean and Latin America Maritime 

Security Initiative to combat illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing 

in the Caribbean and Latin America, and for other purposes. 

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 

FEBRUARY 1, 2024 

Mr. PETERS (for himself and Mr. GIMENEZ) introduced the following bill; 

which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and in addition 

to the Committees on Armed Services, Transportation and Infrastructure, 

the Judiciary, Financial Services, and Natural Resources, for a period to 

be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee 

concerned 

A BILL 

To provide for the establishment of a Caribbean and Latin 

America Maritime Security Initiative to combat illegal, 

unreported, and unregulated fishing in the Caribbean 

and Latin America, and for other purposes. 

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Caribbean and Latin 

5 America Maritime Security Initiative Act of 2024’’. 


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1 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

2 Congress makes the following findings: 

3 (1) Illegal, unreported, and unregulated (in this 

4 Act referred to as ‘‘IUU’’) fishing is contrary to the 

5 United States commitment to sovereign rights, a 

6 rules-based global order, and relevant international 

7 treaties and obligations governing exclusive economic 

8 zones and environmental protections. 

9 (2) IUU fishing undermines the sustainable 

10 management of protected living marine resources. 

11 (3) The sustainable harvest of fish stocks is di12 rectly linked to food and economic security both for 

13 the United States and around the globe. 

14 (4) In 2019, Congress passed the Maritime Se15 curity and Fisheries Enforcement Act (Public Law 

16 116–92) to support a whole-of-government approach 

17 across the Federal Government to counter IUU fish18 ing and related threats to maritime security and 

19 take action to curtail the global trade in seafood and 

20 seafood products derived from IUU fishing, includ21 ing its links to forced labor and transnational orga22 nized illegal activity. 

23 (5) The People’s Republic of China maintains a 

24 distant-water fishing fleet, which engages in a vari25 ety of problematic behavior in Latin America’s 

26 waters, including— 


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1 (A) overfishing; 

2 (B) the deliberate catching of protected liv3 ing marine resources; and 

4 (C) often entering the exclusive economic 

5 zones and marine protected areas of the region 

6 and suspected of fishing without authorization. 

7 (6) China’s distant water fleet facilitates its at8 tempts to strengthen bilateral relationships, cultivate 

9 influence, and affect specific policy or diplomatic 

10 outcomes. 

11 (7) Chinese IUU fishing without authorization 

12 in other countries’ waters demonstrates China’s 

13 drive to capture the region’s resources and under14 mines countries’ sovereign rights. 

15 SEC. 3. CARIBBEAN AND LATIN AMERICA MARITIME SECU16 RITY INITIATIVE. 

17 (a) PROGRAM REQUIRED.—The Secretary of De18 fense, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Secretary 

19 of State, and the heads of other relevant Federal agencies 

20 shall cooperate to carry out a program, to be known as 

21 the ‘‘Caribbean and Latin America Maritime Security Ini22 tiative’’, in support of strengthening maritime security 

23 partnerships in the Caribbean and Latin America using 

24 assets of the Department of Defense, the Department of 


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1 Homeland Security, and other relevant Federal depart2 ments and agencies, as determined necessary. 

3 (b) PROGRAM GOALS.—The goals of the program re4 quired under subsection (a) shall be, to the extent prac5 ticable— 

6 (1) to enhance cooperation between personnel of 

7 the Coast Guard, the Department of Defense, other 

8 relevant Federal departments and agencies, and, 

9 where appropriate, the maritime forces of countries 

10 that are allies and partners of the United States in 

11 the Caribbean and Latin America; 

12 (2) to strengthen the participation and coordi13 nation of the Coast Guard and, where appropriate, 

14 the Department of Defense and other relevant Fed15 eral departments and agencies, in regional organiza16 tions dedicated to coordination and cooperation in 

17 support of the fisheries policies that align with cus18 tomary international law and United States stand19 ards, ocean conservation, maritime security, and re20 lated initiatives of the Caribbean and Latin America; 

21 (3) to enhance partner country— 

22 (A) maritime domain awareness; 

23 (B) capability to perform fisheries manage24 ment and law enforcement activities within 


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1 their exclusive economic zones, including 

2 through international coordination; and 

3 (C) legal capacity to develop and enforce 

4 effective domestic laws and regulations, includ5 ing those necessary to implement international 

6 legal commitments, effectively protect the ma7 rine environment, and combat IUU fishing; 

8 (4) to increase the capabilities of the Coast 

9 Guard personnel and other relevant Federal depart10 ments and agencies authorized to address IUU fish11 ing to support law enforcement, maritime protection, 

12 and capacity-building initiatives in the Caribbean 

13 and Latin America; 

14 (5) to support partner country access to, or ac15 quisition of, capabilities to improve maritime domain 

16 awareness, improve the ability to monitor fisheries 

17 and other marine resources, and strengthen natural 

18 disaster warning and response; 

19 (6) to encourage Caribbean and Latin American 

20 flag states to mandate the use of vessel tracking 

21 technologies, including vessel monitoring systems, 

22 automatic identification systems, or other vessel 

23 movement monitoring technologies on fishing vessels 

24 and transshipment vessels flagged by these countries 

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1 clusive economic zones at all times, as appropriate, 

2 while at sea as a means to identify IUU fishing ac3 tivities and the shipment of illegally caught fish 

4 products; and 

5 (7) to document instances of private commercial 

6 entities or government owned fishing vessels fishing 

7 without authorization in the exclusive economic 

8 zones of countries in the Caribbean and Latin Amer9 ica. 

10 (c) COMBATING IUU FISHING IN CARIBBEAN AND

11 LATIN AMERICA.—Under the program required by sub12 section (a), the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of 

13 State, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the heads 

14 of other relevant Federal agencies shall jointly assess op15 portunities to combat IUU fishing by expanding, as appro16 priate, the use of the following mechanisms with respect 

17 to countries in the Caribbean and Latin America: 

18 (1) The systematic inclusion of counter-IUU 

19 fishing as a mission in existing maritime law en20 forcement agreements concerning operational co21 operation to suppress illicit transnational maritime 

22 activity to which the United States is a party. 

23 (2) Entering into such agreements that include 

24 counter-IUU fishing as an objective with countries 


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1 with which the United States has not already en2 tered into such an agreement. 

3 (3) The inclusion of counter-IUU fishing as 

4 part of the mission of the Combined Maritime 

5 Forces. 

6 (4) The inclusion of Coast Guard-led counter7 IUU fishing exercises in the annual Department of 

8 Defense-led at-sea exercises conducted with partner 

9 countries in the Caribbean and Latin America, in10 cluding, if appropriate, participation by other rel11 evant United States agencies. 

12 (d) FRIENDLY FOREIGN COUNTRY OPERATION DES13 IGNATION.—The Secretary of Defense may designate the 

14 program required by subsection (a) under section 331(b) 

15 of title 10, United States Code, as an operation for which 

16 support may be provided under such section to countries 

17 in the Caribbean and Latin America Security Initiative, 

18 if the support will be provided solely to governmental orga19 nizations of recipient countries for which maritime secu20 rity is among their functional responsibilities. 

21 (e) STRATEGY REQUIRED.—Not later than one year 

22 after the date of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary 

23 of Defense, the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Home24 land Security, and the Secretary of Commerce shall jointly 


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1 submit to the appropriate congressional committees a re2 port that includes the following: 

3 (1) A review of the ongoing efforts of the 

4 United States to develop the institutional capacity of 

5 partner countries in the Caribbean and Latin Amer6 ica to prosecute cases involving IUU fishing under 

7 their existing laws or through relevant international 

8 legal instruments, guidance, and institutions gov9 erning environmental protection, territorial sov10 ereignty, and maritime law. 

11 (2) An estimate of the number of vessels flying 

12 flags of convenience in the Caribbean and Latin 

13 America, the scope of the problems caused by the 

14 flying of such flags, and an analysis of actions that 

15 could be taken by the United States in conjunction 

16 with partner countries to deter the flying of such 

17 flags. 

18 (3) An assessment of the authorities and re19 sources needed to support the institutional capacity 

20 building of partner countries to mitigate the flying 

21 of flags of convenience. 

22 (4) An assessment of actions that could be 

23 taken by the Department of State with other rel24 evant Federal departments and agencies to partner 

25 with relevant international organizations to mitigate 


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1 IUU fishing, including international legal coordina2 tion and data sharing, enforcement practices, and 

3 holding flag States responsible for IUU fishing prac4 tices. 

5 (5) An assessment of actions that could be 

6 taken by the United States to partner with relevant 

7 nongovernmental organizations to promote aware8 ness of the ramifications of IUU fishing and to work 

9 with Caribbean and Latin American states to build 

10 legal authorities needed to prosecute cases involving 

11 IUU fishing and enforce fishery conservation and 

12 management measures. 

13 (6) An assessment of actions that could be 

14 taken by the United States to highlight the IUU 

15 fishing behavior of vessels flagged to countries, in16 cluding China, and the harm caused by IUU fishing 

17 to partner countries and to the environment. 

18 (7) A review of ongoing efforts by the United 

19 States to promote maritime security, environmental 

20 protection, and fisheries sustainability in the Carib21 bean and Latin America. 

22 (8) For each maritime law enforcement agree23 ment or other agreement relevant to international 

24 cooperation and law enforcement on fisheries issues 


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1 entered into with any country in the Caribbean or 

2 Latin America— 

3 (A) an identification of the countries party 

4 to the agreement; 

5 (B) an identification of the fiscal year dur6 ing which the agreement was entered into; and 

7 (C) a description of the contents of the 

8 agreement. 

9 (9) A review of institutional barriers, including 

10 authorities to enter into maritime law enforcement 

11 agreements and funding needed to execute maritime 

12 law enforcement agreements, within Federal depart13 ments. 

14 (10) An assessment of how many interdictions 

15 and high seas boarding and inspections of fishing 

16 vessels for suspected IUU fishing activities occurred 

17 during the 12-month period preceding the date of 

18 the enactment of this Act in the geographic areas of 

19 responsibility of United States Northern Command 

20 and United States Southern Command. 

21 (11) The number of counter-IUU fishing mis22 sions completed by allies and partners in the Carib23 bean and Latin America with support from the De24 partment of Defense or the Coast Guard during the 


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1 12-month period preceding the date of the enact2 ment of this Act. 

3 (12) A review of the total number of vessels en4 gaged in suspected IUU fishing detected in the Car5 ibbean and Latin America by the United States or 

6 its allies and partners and the country of origin for 

7 each such vessel during the calendar year preceding 

8 the date of the enactment of this Act. 

9 (13) An assessment of any additional authori10 ties necessary, including the expansion or modifica11 tion of international cooperation agreements, trea12 ties, and other legal vehicles, to enhance the efficacy 

13 of the Caribbean and Latin America Maritime Secu14 rity Initiative. 

15 (f) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

16 (1) The term ‘‘appropriate congressional com17 mittees’’ means— 

18 (A) the Committee on Foreign Affairs, the 

19 Committee on Natural Resources, the Com20 mittee on Financial Services, the Committee on 

21 Armed Services, the Committee on Transpor22 tation and Infrastructure, and the Committee 

23 on Appropriations of the House of Representa24 tives; and 


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1 (B) the Committee on Foreign Relations, 

2 the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 

3 Transportation, the Committee on Banking, the 

4 Committee on Armed Services, and the Com5 mittee on Appropriations of the Senate. 

6 (2) The term ‘‘the Caribbean and Latin Amer7 ica’’ means any of the following countries, terri8 tories, and bodies of water: 

9 (A) The Gulf of Mexico. 

10 (B) The Bahamas. 

11 (C) Antigua and Barbuda. 

12 (D) Argentina. 

13 (E) Barbados. 

14 (F) Belize. 

15 (G) Bolivia. 

16 (H) Brazil. 

17 (I) Chile. 

18 (J) Colombia. 

19 (K) Costa Rica. 

20 (L) Dominica. 

21 (M) Dominican Republic. 

22 (N) Ecuador. 

23 (O) El Salvador. 

24 (P) Grenada. 

25 (Q) Guatemala. 


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1 (R) Guyana. 

2 (S) Haiti. 

3 (T) Honduras. 

4 (U) Jamaica. 

5 (V) Nicaragua. 

6 (W) Panama. 

7 (X) Paraguay. 

8 (Y) Peru. 

9 (Z) Saint Kitts and Nevis. 

10 (AA) Saint Lucia. 

11 (BB) Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. 

12 (CC) Suriname. 

13 (DD) Trinidad and Tobago. 

14 (EE) Turks and Caicos. 

15 (FF) Uruguay. 

16 (3) The term ‘‘exclusive economic zone’’ means, 

17 with respect to a country, the zone contiguous to the 

18 territorial sea, as designated by the country— 

19 (A) that extends a maximum distance of 

20 200 nautical miles from the baseline from 

21 which the breadth of the territorial sea is meas22 ured, in accordance with international law; and 

23 (B) where the country has, to the extent 

24 permitted by international law— 


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1 (i) sovereign rights for the purpose of 

2 exploring, exploiting, conserving, and man3 aging natural resources, both living and 

4 non-living, of the seabed and subsoil and 

5 the superjacent waters and with regard to 

6 other activities for the economic exploi7 tation and exploration; and 

8 (ii) jurisdiction with regard to the es9 tablishment and use of artificial islands, 

10 and installations and structures having 

11 economic purposes, and the protection and 

12 preservation of the marine environment. 

13 (4) The term ‘‘illegal, unreported, and unregu14 lated fishing’’ or ‘‘IUU fishing’’ means the activities 

15 described as IUU fishing in paragraph 3 of the 2001 

16 Food and Agriculture Organization International 

17 Plan of Action to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Ille18 gal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing. 

19 (5) The term ‘‘marine protected area’’ means 

20 any area of intertidal or subtidal terrain, together 

21 with its overlying water and associated flora, fauna, 

22 historical and cultural features, that has been re23 served by law or other effective means to protect 

24 part or all of the enclosed environment. 


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1 (6) The term ‘‘fly a flag of convenience’’ with 

2 respect to a vessel means the registry of the vessel 

3 under the flag of a nation other than the nation of 

4 citizenship or incorporation of the beneficial owner 

5 of the vessel in order to profit from less restrictive 

6 regulations. 

7 SEC. 4. AUTHORIZATION OF IMPOSITION OF SANCTIONS. 

8 (a) IN GENERAL.—The President may impose the 

9 sanctions described in subsection (b) with respect to any 

10 foreign person, including a foreign vessel regardless of 

11 ownership, that the President determines— 

12 (1) is responsible for, complicit in, or has di13 rectly or indirectly participated in— 

14 (A) IUU fishing, as such term is defined 

15 in section 3(f)(4); 

16 (B) except as part of a conservation effort, 

17 the sale, supply, purchase, or transfer (includ18 ing transportation) of endangered species, as 

19 defined in section 3(6) of the Endangered Spe20 cies Act (16 U.S.C. 1532(6)); or 

21 (C) behavior associated with IUU fishing, 

22 including improper use of relevant vessel moni23 toring, identification, or communication sys24 tems; 


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1 (2) is a leader or official of an entity, including 

2 a government entity, that has engaged in, or the 

3 members of which have engaged in, any of the ac4 tivities described in paragraph (1) during the tenure 

5 of the leader or official; 

6 (3) has ever owned, operated, chartered, or con7 trolled a vessel during which time the personnel of 

8 the vessel engaged in any of the activities described 

9 in paragraph (1); or 

10 (4) has materially assisted, sponsored, or pro11 vided financial, material, or technological support 

12 for, or goods or services in support of— 

13 (A) any of the activities described in para14 graph (1); or 

15 (B) any entity engaged in any such activ16 ity. 

17 (b) SANCTIONS DESCRIBED.—The sanctions de18 scribed in this subsection are the following: 

19 (1) BLOCKING OF PROPERTY.—Notwith20 standing section 202 of the International Emergency 

21 Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701), the exercise 

22 of all powers granted to the President by the Inter23 national Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 

24 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) to the extent necessary to block 

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1 terests in property of a foreign person described in 

2 subsection (a), if such property and interests in 

3 property are in the United States, come within the 

4 United States, or are or come within the possession 

5 or control of a United States person. 

6 (2) INADMISSIBILITY TO THE UNITED

7 STATES.—In the case of a foreign person described 

8 in subsection (a) who is an individual— 

9 (A) ineligibility for a visa to enter and in10 admissibility to the United States; and 

11 (B) revocation of any valid visa or travel 

12 documentation in accordance with section 

13 221(i) of the Immigration and Nationality Act 

14 (8 U.S.C. 1201(i)). 

15 (3) PROHIBITION ON ACCESS TO THE UNITED

16 STATES.—In the case of a foreign vessel, denial of 

17 access to United States ports. 

18 (4) EXCLUSION OF CORPORATE OFFICERS.— 

19 The President may direct the Secretary of State to 

20 deny a visa to, and the Secretary of Homeland Secu21 rity to exclude from the United States, any alien 

22 that the President determines is a corporate officer 

23 or principal of, or a shareholder with a controlling 

24 interest in, the foreign person. 


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1 (5) SANCTIONS ON PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OF2 FICERS.—The President may impose on the prin3 cipal executive officer or officers of the foreign per4 son, entity, or on individuals performing similar 

5 functions and with similar authorities as such officer 

6 or officers, any of the sanctions described in para7 graphs (1), (2), (3), (4), or (6) of this subsection 

8 that are applicable. 

9 (6) LOANS FROM UNITED STATES FINANCIAL

10 INSTITUTIONS.—The President may prohibit any 

11 United States financial institution from making 

12 loans or providing credits to the foreign person or 

13 entity. 

14 (7) FOREIGN EXCHANGE.—The President may, 

15 pursuant to such regulations as the President may 

16 prescribe, prohibit any transactions in foreign ex17 change that are subject to the jurisdiction of the 

18 United States and in which the foreign person, enti19 ty, or vessel has any interest. 

20 (8) REPORT.—The President shall annually 

21 submit a report to the Committee on Financial Serv22 ices and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the 

23 House of Representatives and the Committee on 

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1 mittee on Foreign Relations of the Senate on actions 

2 exercising the authorities provided by this section. 

3 (c) IMPLEMENTATION; PENALTIES.— 

4 (1) IMPLEMENTATION.—The President may ex5 ercise all authorities provided under sections 203 

6 and 205 of the International Emergency Economic 

7 Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1702 and 1704) to carry out 

8 this section. 

9 (2) PENALTIES.—A person that violates, at10 tempts to violate, conspires to violate, or causes a 

11 violation of this section or any regulation, license, or 

12 order issued to carry out this section shall be subject 

13 to the penalties set forth in subsections (b) and (c) 

14 of section 206 of the International Emergency Eco15 nomic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1705) to the same ex16 tent as a person that commits an unlawful act de17 scribed in subsection (a) of that section. 

18 (d) NATIONAL INTEREST WAIVER.—The President 

19 may waive the imposition of sanctions under this section 

20 with respect to a person if the President determines that 

21 such a waiver is in the national interests of the United 

22 States. 

23 (e) EXCEPTIONS.— 

24 (1) EXCEPTIONS FOR AUTHORIZED INTEL25 LIGENCE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT ACTIVITIES.— 


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1 This section shall not apply with respect to activities 

2 subject to the reporting requirements under title V 

3 of the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 

4 3091 et seq.) or any authorized intelligence, law en5 forcement, or national security activities of the 

6 United States. 

7 (2) EXCEPTION TO COMPLY WITH INTER8 NATIONAL AGREEMENTS.—Sanctions under sub9 section (b)(2) shall not apply with respect to the ad10 mission of an alien to the United States if such ad11 mission is necessary to comply with the obligations 

12 of the United States under the Agreement regarding 

13 the Headquarters of the United Nations, signed at 

14 Lake Success on June 26, 1947, and entered into 

15 force on November 21, 1947, between the United 

16 Nations and the United States, or the Convention on 

17 Consular Relations, done at Vienna on April 24, 

18 1963, and entered into force on March 19, 1967, or 

19 other international obligations. 

20 (3) EXCEPTION FOR SAFETY OF VESSELS AND

21 CREW.—Sanctions under this section shall not apply 

22 with respect to a person providing provisions to a 

23 vessel if such provisions are intended for the safety 

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1 tenance of the vessel to avoid any environmental or 

2 other significant damage. 

3 (4) HUMANITARIAN EXCEPTION.—The Presi4 dent may not impose sanctions under this section 

5 with respect to any person for conducting or facili6 tating a transaction for the sale of agricultural com7 modities, food, medicine, or medical devices or for 

8 the provision of humanitarian assistance. 

9 (f) RULEMAKING.— 

10 (1) IN GENERAL.—Agencies responsible for the 

11 implementation of this section may promulgate such 

12 rules and regulations as may be necessary to carry 

13 out the provisions of this section (which may include 

14 regulatory exceptions), including under section 205 

15 of the International Emergency Economic Powers 

16 Act (50 U.S.C. 1704). 

17 (2) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this 

18 section may be construed to limit the authority of 

19 the President pursuant to the International Emer20 gency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et 

21 seq.). 

22 (g) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 

23 (1) The term ‘‘foreign person’’ means an indi24 vidual or entity that is not a United States person. 

25 (2) The term ‘‘United States person’’ means— 


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1 (A) a United States citizen or an alien law2 fully admitted for permanent residence to the 

3 United States; 

4 (B) an entity organized under the laws of 

5 the United States or any jurisdiction within the 

6 United States, including a foreign branch of 

7 such an entity; or 

8 (C) any person located in the United 

9 States. 

Æ 


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