DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIBBCTOB

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 283

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1910

PAET III. OHIO RIVER BASIN

PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF M. 0. LEIGHTON

BY

A. H. HOKTON, M. K. HALL, AND H. J. JACKSON

WASHINGTON

GOVEBNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1912
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIEECTOE

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 283

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1910

PART III. OHIO RIVER BASIN

PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF M. 0. LEIGHTON

BY

A. H. HORTON, M. R. HALL, AND H. J. JACKSON

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

1912
CONTENTS.

Page.

Introduction.............................................................. 7

Authority for investigations............................................. 7

Scope of investigations................................................ 7

Publications.......................................................... 8

Definition of terms..................................................... 11

Convenient equivalents................................................ 12

Explanation of data.................................................... 13

Accuracy and reliability of field data and comparative results............ 15

Use of the data....................................................... 16

Cooperative data...................................................... 17

Cooperation and acknowledgments .................................... 17

Division of work...................................................... 17

General features of Ohio River drainage basin.. ............................. 18

Gaging stations maintained in Ohio River basin.............................. 22

Allegheny River basin..................................................... 25

General features. ....................................................... 25

Allegheny River at Red House, N. Y.................................... 26

Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa...................................... 29

Kiskiminitas River at Avonmore, Pa................................... 31

Black Lick Creek at Black Lick, Pa.................................... 34

Monongahela River basin.................................................. 36

General features..................................... v ................ 36

Tygart River at Belington, W. Va...................................... . 37

Tygart River at Fetterman, W. Va...................................... 42

West Fork River at Enterprise, W. Va................................... 45

Cheat River near Morgantown, W. Va.................................. 50

Youghiogheny River at Confluence, Pa.................................. 54

Casselman River at Confluence, Pa..................................... 56

Laurel Hill Creek at Confluence, Pa.................................... 57

Muskingum River basin................................................... 58

General features....................................................... 58

Muskingum River at Zanesville, Ohio.......................... ^........ 60

Mohican River at Pomerene, Ohio....................................... 61

Kanawha River basin...................................................... 61

General features....................................................... 61

South Fork of New River near Grumpier, N. C........................... 63

New River near Grayson, Va............................................ 64

New River at Radford, Va.............................................. 65

New River at Fayette, W. Va............................................ 68

North Fork of New River near Grumpier, N. C........................... 69

Reed Creek at Grahams Forge, Va...................................:.. 70

Big Reed Island Creek near Allisonia, Va................................ 71

Little River near Copper Valley, Va... 4 ................................ 72

Walker Creek at Staff ordsville, Va....................................... 73

3
4 . CONTENTS.

Kanawha River basin Continued. . Page.

Wolf Creek near Narrows, Va..................................^......... 74

Bluestone River at Lilly, W. Va....................................... 75

Greenbrier River near Marlinton, W. Va................................ 76

Greenbrier River at Alderson, W. Va.................................... 77

Gauley River at Allingdale, W. Va..................................... 80

Gauley River near Summersville, W. Va................................. 81

Gauley River at Belva, W. Va......................................... 82

Cherry River at Richwood, W. Va....................................... 83

Meadow River near Russellville, W. Va................................. 84

Elk River at Webster Springs, W. Va................................... 85

Elk River at Gassaway, W. Va......................................... 86

Elk River at Clendenin, W. Va......................................... 87

Coal River at Brushton, W. Va.........................^................. 88

Coal River at Tornado, W. Va........................................... 89

Pocotaligo River at Sissonville; W. Va................................... 90

Miami River basin........................................................ 91

General features. ....................................................^ . 91

Miami River at Hamilton, Ohio. ........................................ 92

Kentucky River basin........................................................ .95

Dix River near Burgin, Ky............................................ 95

Wabash River basin........................................................ 97

General features....................................................... 97

Wabash River at Mount Carmel, 111.................................... 98

Embarrass River basin................................................ 99

General features................................................... 99

Embarrass River near Oakland, 111.................................. 100

Embarrass River at St. Marie, 111.................................. 102

White River basin.................................................... 105

East Branch of White River at Shoals, Ind........................... 105

Little Wabash River basin.............................................. 108

General features................................................... 108

Little Wabash River near Clay City, 111............................. 108

Little Wabash River near Golden Gate, 111.......................... 110

Little Wabash River at Canni, 111................................... Ill

Skillet Fork near Wayne City, 111..............'.................... 112

Skillet Fork near Mill Shoals, 111................................... 115

Tennessee River basin..................................................... ^ 116

General features....................................................... 116

Stations on French Broad and Tennessee rivers.......................... 120

French Broad River at Asheville, N. C.............................. 120

Tennessee River at Knoxville, Term............................... 123

Tennessee River at Chattanooga, Term.............................. 124

Holston River basin.................................................... 127

General features................................................... 127

South Fork of Holston River at Bluff City, Tenn..................... 127

Holston River near Rogersville, Tenn............................... 130

Little Tennessee River basin............................................ 132

General features................................................... 132

. Little Tennessee River near Franklin, N. C......................... 132

Little Tennessee River at Judson, N. C............................. 134

Little Tennessee River at McGhee, Tenn............................ 136

Tuckasegee River at Bryson, N. C................................... 138
CONTENTS. 5

Tennessee River basin Continued. Page.

Hiwassee River basin.................................................. 141

General features................................................... 141

Hiwassee River at Murphy, N. C.................................... 141

Hiwassee River at Reliance, Tenn.................................. 144

Ocoee River at Copperhill, Tenn................................... 145

Miscellaneous measurements. ............................................... 148

Summary of discharge per square mile....................................... 149

Index.................................................................... 151
ILLUSTRATIONS.

PLATE I. Typical gaging stations: A, For bridge measurement; B, For wading

measurement-................................................. 14

. II. Small Price current meters...................................... 15
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE OHIO RIVER BASIN,

1910.

By A. H. HORTON, M. R. HALL, and H. J. JACKSON.

INTRODUCTION.

AUTHORITY FOR- INVESTIGATIONS.

This volume contains results of measurements of the flow of certain 

streams in the United States. The work was performed by the waterresources branch of the United States Geological Survey, either independently or in cooperation with private or State organizations. The 

organic law of the Geological Survey (Stat. L., vol. 20, p. 394) contains the following paragraph:

Provided that this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the geological 

survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structures, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

As water is the most abundant and most valuable of the minerals,' 

the investigation of water resources is authorized under the provision 

for examining mineral resources. The"work has been supported since 

the fiscal year ending June 30, 1895, by appropriations in successive 

sundry civil bills passed by Congress under the following item:

For gauging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and 

for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources.

The appropriations that have been made for this purpose are as 

follows:

Annual appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30 

1895................................................................. $12,500

1896................................................................. 20,000

1897 to 1900, inclusive...... ......................................... 50,000

1901 to 1902, inclusive................................................. 100,000

. 1903 to 1906, inclusive....'........................................... 200,000

1907................................................................. 150,000

1908 to 1910, inclusive............................................... 100,000

1911.....................'.........'...........................-....... 150,000

SCOPE OF INVESTIGATIONS.

These investigations are not complete nor do they include all the 

streams that might purposefully be studied. The scope of the work 

is limited by the appropriations available. The field covered is the

7
8 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PART III.

widest and the character of the work is believed to be the best possible 

under the controlling conditions. The work would undoubtedly have 

greater scientific importance and ultimately be of more practical value 

if the money now expended for wide areas were concentrated on a few 

small drainage basins; but such a course is impossible because general 

j appropriations made by Congress are applicable to all parts of the 

country. Each part demands its proportionate share of the benefits.

It is essential that records of stream flow shall be kept during a 

period of years long enough to determine within reasonable limits the 

entire range of flow from the absolute maximum to the absolute 

minimum. The length of such a period manifestly differs for different 

streams. Experience has shown that the records for some streams 

should cover 5 to 10 years and those for other streams 20 years or even 

more, the limit being determined by the relative importance of the 

stream and the relation of the results to other long-time records on 

adjacent'streams.

In the performance of this work an effort is made to reach the highest degree of precision possible with a rational expenditure of time 

and a judicious expenditure of a small amount of money. In all engineering work there is a point beyond which refinement is needless and 

wasteful, and this statement applies with especial force to stream-flow 

measurements. It is confidently believed that the stream-flow data 

presented in the publications of the Survey are in general sufficiently 

accurate for all practical purposes. Many of the records are, however, of insufficient length, owing to the unforeseen reduction of appropriations and consequent abandonment of stations. All persons are 

cautioned to exercise the greatest care in using such incomplete 

records.

Records have been obtained at nearly 2,000 different points in the 

United .States. The surface water supply of small areas in Seward 

Peninsula and the Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska, and in Hawaii has 

also been investigated. During 1910 regular gaging stations were 

maintained by the Survey and cooperating organizations at about 

1,100 points in the United States, and many discharge measurements 

were made at other points. Data were also obtained in regard to precipitation, evaporation, storage reservoirs, river profiles, and water 

power in many sections of the country and will be made available in 

the regular surface water supply papers and in special papers from 

time to time.

PUBLICATIONS.

The data on stream flow collected by the United States Geological 

Survey have appeared in the annual reports, bulletins, and watersupply papers. Owing to natural processes of evolution and to 

changes in governmental requirements, the character of the work and 

the territory covered by these different publications have varied
OHIO BIVER BASIN.

greatly. For the purpose of uniformity in the presentation of reports 

a general plan has been agreed upon by the United States Reclamation 

Service, the United States Forest Service, the United States Weather 

Bureau, and the United States Geological Survey, according to which 

the area of the United States has been divided into 12 parts, whose 

boundaries coincide with certain natural drainage lines. The areas 

so described are indicated by the following list of papers on surface 

water supply for 1910. The dividing line between the north Atlantic 

and south Atlantic drainage areas lies between York and James

rivers.

Papers on surface water supply of the United States, 1910.

Part.

I

II

III

IV

V 

VI

vn

VIII

IX

X

XI

XII

No.

281

282

283

284

286 

286

287

288

289

290

291

292

V

North 'Atlantic coast.

Title.

South Atlantic coast and eastern Gulf of Mexico.

Ohio River basin.

St. Lawrence River basin.

Upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay basins. 

Missouri River basin.

Lower Mississippi River basin.

Western Gulf of Mexico.

Colorado River basin.

Great Basin.

California.

North Pacific coast.

The following table gives the character of data regarding stream 

flow at regular stations to be found in the various publications of the 

United States Geological Survey, exclusive of special papers:

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[A.=Annual Report; B.= Bulletin; W S.=Water-Supply Paper.]

Report.

10th A., pt. 2.... ......

llth A., pt. 2... .......

12th A., pt. 2..........

13th A., pt. 3..........

14th A., pt. 2..........

B. 131......... ........

16th A., pt. 2..........

B. 140.. ...............

WS. 11. ..............

18th A., pt. 4..........

WS. 15. ....... .......

WS.16...............

19th A., pt. 4..........

WS. 27. ..............

WS.28...............

20th A., pt. 4..........

WS. 35 to 39.... ......

21st A., pt. 4. .........

WS. 47 to 52... .......

22dA.,pt.4...........

Character of data.

.....do...........................................................

Monthly discharge (long-time records, 1871 to 1893). .............

Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, and ratings. .........

Descriptions, measurements,' gage heights, ratings, and monthly 

discharge (also many data covering earlier years).

Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 

(also similar data for earlier years). 

Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, eastern United 

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River above 

junction with Kansas. 

Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, western Mississippi River below junction of Missouri and Platte, and western United States. 

Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 

(also some long-time records). 

Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, eastern United States, 

eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River. 

Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, Arkansas River and 

western United States.

Monthly discharge ..............................................

Year.

1884 to Sept., 

1890. 

1884 to June 30, 

1891. 

1884 to Dec. 31, 

1892. 

1888 to Dec. 31, 

1893. 

1893 and 1894.

1895.

1896. 

1895 and 1896.

1897. 

1897.

1897. 

1898. 

1898.

1898. 

1899. 

1899. 

1900. 

1900.

NOTE. No data regarding stream flow are given in the 15th and 17th annual reports.
10 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1910, PART HI.

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey Continued.

Report.

WS. 65, 66............

WS. 75. ..............

WS. 82 to 85.. ........

WS. 97 to 100.. .......

WS. 124 to 135........

WS. 165 to 178........

WS. 201 to 214........

WS. 241 to 252........

WS. 261 to 272........

W S. 281 to 292........

Character of data.

Descriptions, measui

.....do...............

.....do...............

Complete data, excej

.....do...............

Year.

1901. 

1901. 1902.' 

1903. 

1904. 

1905. 

1906. 

1907-8. 

1909. 

1910.

The records at most of the stations discussed in these reports extend 

over a series of years. An index of the reports containing records 

prior to 1904 has been published in Water-Supply Paper 119.

The first table which follows gives, by years and drainage basins, 

the numbers of the papers on surface water supply published from 

1899 to 1909. Wherever the data for a drainage basin appears in 

two papers the number of one is placed in parentheses and the portion of the basin covered by that paper is indicated in the second 

table. For example, in 1904 the data for Missouri River were published in Water-Supply Papers 130 and 131, and the portion of the 

records contained in Water-Supply Paper 131, as indicated by the 

second table, is that relating to Platte and Kansas rivers.

Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream measurements, 1899-1910.

Atlantic coast and eastern 

Gulf of Mexico: 

New England rivers . . . 

Hudson River to Delaware River, inclusive. 

Susquehanna River to 

York River, incluJames River to Yadkin River, inclusive. 

Santee River to 'PeSrl 

River, inclusive.. ....

Hudson Bay. ..............

Mississippi River: 

Ohio River. ...........

Upper Mississippi

Missouri River. ........ 

Lower Mississippi

Western Gulf of Mexico. . . . 

Pacific coast and Great 

Basin:

South Pacific coast to 

Klamath River, laNorth Pacific coast. . . .

1899a

35 

}35

35

/(35), 

\ 36

36 

36

36

} 36

f(36), 

{ 37

} 37

37 

/(37),

\ 38 

/ 38,

1(39) 

1(38), 

| 39

38

1900*

47 

/ 47, 

\(48)

48

}"

48 

49

/ 48,

\(49) 

49

49, 

(50)

50

50 

} 50

x I 51M

I"

51

1901

65,75' 

J-65,75

65,75

65,75

65,75 

65,75

66,75

| 65,75

65,75

} 66,75

/ (65), 

\ 66,75

66,75 

66,75

66,75

66,75

66,75

1902

82 

82

82

/(82), 

\ 83

83 

/(82),

\ 83 

85

 83

83

84

(83), 

84

84 

85

85

85

85

1903

97 

97

97

(97), 

98

98

}

Q7 97

100

98

/ 98, 

\(99)

99

(9%

99 

100

100

100

100

1904

124 

125

126

| 126

127 

129

130

128

128 

(130)

/ 130, 

I (131) 

(128), 

131

132 

/ 133,

I (134) 

/ 133,

I (134) 

134

135

1905

165 

166

167

167

168 

170

171

169

\ 171

| 172

(169), 

J73

174 

175,

(177) 

176,

(177) 

177

/(177), 

\ 178

1906

201 

202

203

203

204 

206

207

205

207

208 

(205),

OftQ

210 

211,

(213) 

212,

(213). 

213

} 214

1907-8

241 

241

241

242

242

244

245

243

245

246

} 247

248 

249,

(251) 

250,

(251) 

251

252

1909

261 

261

261

262

262 

.264

265

263

265

266

267

268 

269,

(Wi) 

270,

(Wl) 

271

272

1910

281 

281

281

282

282 

284

285

OfiO

285

286

287

288 

289,

(291) 

290,

(291) 

291

292

a Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 contained in Water-Supply Paper 39. 

6 Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-62 and data on precipitation, wells, and irrigation 

in California and Utah contained in Water-Supply Paper 52.
OHIO BIVER BASIN. 11 

Numbers of water-supply papers containing data covering portions of drainage basins.

No.

35..

36

37

38

39

48

49

fiO..

a>>

oJ. .

S3

97

OR

QO

128

130

131

134.

169

177

305

Alt).

251

271

River basin.

Colorado. ........................

Ohio.............................

Lower Mississippi. ...............

/ James. . ..........................

Lower Mississippi ................

 {Great Basin.. ....................

/Colorado. . .......................

/Colorado. ........................

Tributaries included.

Green, Gunnison, Grand above junction with Gunnison.

Scioto.

junction with Platte.

Do.

Yaioo.

The order of treatment of stations in any basin in these papers is 

downstream. The main stem of any river is determined by measuring or estimating the drainage area; that is, the headwater stream 

having the largest drainage area is considered the continuation of the 

main stream and local changes in name and lake surface are disregarded. Records for all stations from the source to the mouth of the 

main stem of the river are presented first, and records for the tributaries in regular order from source to mouth follow, all records for each 

tributary basin being given before those of the next basin below.

The exceptions to this rule occur in the records for Mississippi River, 

which are given in four parts, as indicated above, and in the records 

for large lakes, where it is simpler to take up the streams in regular 

.order around the rim of the lake than to cross back and.forth over 

the lake surface.

DEFINITION OF TERMS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in several terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups (1) those which represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miner's inches, and run-off in second-feet 

per square mile, and (2) those which represent the actual quantity of 

water, as run-off in depth ini inches and acre-feet. The units used in 

this series of reports are second-feet, second-feet per square mile, and 

run-off in inches and acre-feet. They may be defined as follows:
12 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1910, PAET HI.

"Second-foot" is an abbreviation for cubic foot per second and is 

the unit for the rate of discharge of water flowing in a stream 1 foot 

wide, 1 foot deep, at a rate of 1 foot per second. It is generally used 

as a fundamental unit from which others are computed by the use of 

the factors given in the following table of equivalents.

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, on 

the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

"Run-off in inches" is the depth to which the drainage area would 

be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period were 

conserved and uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used for 

comparing run-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed in depth 

in inches.

An "acre-foot" is equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, and is the quantity required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is 

commonly used in connection with storage for irrigation work.

CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS.

The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic 

computations:

1 second-foot equals 40 California miner's inches (law of Mar. 23, 1901).

1 second-foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons

per minute; equals 646,317 gallons for one day. 

1 second-foot equals 6.23 British imperial gallons per second. 

1 second-foot for one year covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet or 13.572 inches deep. 

1 second-foot for one year equals 31,536,000 cubic feet. 

1 second-foot equals about 1 acre-inch per hour. 

1 second-foot for one day covers 1 square mile 0.03719 inch deep. 

1 second-foot for one 28-day month covers 1 square mile 1.041 inches deep. 

1 second-foot for one 29-day month covers 1 square mile 1.079 inches deep. 

1 second-foot for one 30-day month covers 1 square mile 1.116 inches deep. 

1 second foot for one 31-day month covers 1 square mile 1.153 inches deep. 

1 second-foot for one day equals 1.983 acre-feet. 

1 second-foot for one 28-day month equals 55.54 acre-feet. 

1 second-foot for one 29-day month equals 57.52 acre-feet. 

1 second-foot for one 30-day month equals 59.50 acre-feet. 

1 second-foot for one 31-day month equals 61.49 acre-feet. 

100 California miner's inches equals 18.7 United States gallons per second. 

100 California miner's inches equals 96 Colorado miner's inches. 

100 California miner's inches for one day equals 4.96 acre-feet. 

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 2.60 second-feet. 

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 19.5 United States gallons per second. 

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 104 California miner's inches. 

100 Colorado miner's inches for one day equals 5.17 acre-feet. 

100 United States gallons per minute equals 0.223 second-foot. 

100 United States gallons per minute for one day equals 0.442 acre-foot. 

1,000,000 United States gallons per day equals 1.55 second-feet.
OHIO EIVEB BASIN. 13

1,000,000 United States gallons equals 3.07 acre-feet.

1,000,000 cubic feet equals 22.95 acre-feet.

1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons.

1 inch, deep on 1 squarejnile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet.

1 inch, deep on 1 square mile^ equals 0.0737 second-foot per year.

1 foot equals 0.3048 meter, j

1 mile equals 1.60935 kilomejters.

1 mile equals 5,280 feet.

1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare.

1 acre equals 43,560 square feet.

1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly.

1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers.

1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meter.

1 cubic foot equals 7.48 gallons.

1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds.

1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-foot.

1 horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per second.

1 horsepower equals 76 kilogram-meters per second.

1 horsepower equals 746 watts.

1 horsepower equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet.

1J horsepower equals about 1 kilowatt.

m . , , , . ., Sec.-ft.Xfall in feet , ,

To calculate water power quickly: ^ =net horsepower on

water wheel realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power. 

EXPLANATION OF DATA.

For each drainage basin there is given a brief general description 

covering such items as area, source, tributaries, topography, geology, 

forestation, rainfall, irrigation, storage, power, and other interesting 

or important facts.

For each regular current-meter gaging station the following data 

so far as available ate given: Description of station, list of discharge 

measurements, table of daily gage heights, table of daily discharges, 

table of monthly and yearly discharges and run-off. For stations 

located at weirs or dams the gage-height table is omitted.

In addition to statements regarding the location and installation of 

current-meter stations the descriptions give information in regard to 

any conditions which may affect the constancy of the relation of gage 

height to discharge, covering such points as ice, logging, shifting 

channels, and backwater; also information regarding diversions which 

decrease the total flow at the measuring section. Statements are 

also made regarding the accuracy and reliability of the data.

The discharge-measurement table gives the results of the discharge 

measurements made during the year, including the date, name of 

hydrographer, width and area of cross section, gage height, and discharge in second-feet.

The table of daily gage heights records the daily fluctuations of 

the surface of the river as found from the mean of the gage readings 

taken each day. At most stations the gage is read in the morning 

and in the evening. The gage height given in the table represents
14 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PART HI.

the elevation of the surface of the water above the zero of the gage. 

All gage heights affected by the presence of ice in the streams or by 

backwater from obstructions are published as recoi ded, with suitable* 

footnotes. The rating table is not applicable for such periods unless 

the proper corrections to the gage heights are known and applied. 

Attention is called to the fact that the zero of the gage is placed at 

an arbitrary datum and has no relation to zero flow or the bottom of 

the river. In general, the zero is located somewhat below the lowest 

known flow, so that negative readings shall not occur.

The discharge measurements and gage heights are the base data 

from which rating tables, daily discharge tables, and monthly discharge tables are computed.

The rating table gives, either directly &r by interpolation, the discharge in second-feet corresponding to every stage of the river 

recorded during the period for which it is applicable. It is not published in this report, but can be determined from the daily gage 

heights and daily discharges for the purpose of verifying the published 

results as follows:

First plot the discharge measurements for the current and earlier 

years on cross-section paper, with gage heights in feet as ordinates 

and discharge in second-feet as abscissas. Then tabulate a number 

of gage heights taken from the daily gage-height table for the complete range of stage given and the corresponding discharges _for the 

days selected from the daily discharge table and plot the values on 

cross-section paper. The last points plotted will define the rating 

curve used and will lie among the plotted discharge measurements. 

After drawing the rating curve, a table can be developed by scaling 

off the discharge in second-feet for each tenth foot of gage height. 

These values should be so adjusted that the first differences shall 

always be increasing or constant, except for known backwater 

conditions.

The table of daily discharges gives the discharges in second-feet 

corresponding to the observed gage heights as determined from the 

rating tables.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow, as determined from the rating table, for the day 

when the mean gage height was highest. As the gage height is the 

mean for the day, it does not indicate correctly the stage when the 

water surface was at crest height, and the corresponding discharge 

was consequently larger than given in the maximum column. Likewise, in the column of "Minimum," the quantity given is the mean 

flow for the day when the mean gage height was lowest. The column 

headed "Mean" is the average flow in cubic feet for each second 

during the month. On this the computations for the remaining 

columns, which are defined on pages 11 and 12, are based.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 283 PLATE I

A. FOR BRIDGE MEASUREMENT.

B. FOR WADING MEASUREMENT. 

TYPICAL GAGING STATIONS.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 283 PLATE II

SMALL PRICE CURRENT METERS.
OHIO EIVEE BASIN. 15

The field methods used in the collection of the data presented in 

this series of reports are described in the introductory sections of 

Water-Supply Papers 261 to 272, inclusive, "Surface water supply 

of the United States, 1909." Plate I shows typical gaging stations, 

indicating the method of suspending the current meter; Plate II 

shows the various .types of current meters 1 used in the work.

ACCURACY .AND RELIABILITY OF FIELD DATA AND COMPARATIVE

RESULTS.

The accuracy of stream flow depends primarily on the natural conditions at the gaging station and on the methods and care with 

which the data are collected. Errors of the first group depend on 

the degree of permanency of channel and of permanency of the relation of discharge to stage. Errors of the second group are due, first, 

to errors in observation of stage; second, to errors in measurements 

of flow; and, third, to errors due to misinterpretation of stage and 

flow data.

Practically all discharge measurements made under fair conditions 

are well within 5 per cent of the true discharge at the time of observation. Inasmuch as the errors of meter measurements are largely 

compensating, the mean rating curve, when well defined, is much 

more accurate than the individual measurements. Numerous experiments made to test the accuracy of current-meter work show that 

it compares very favorably with the results from standard weirs and, 

owing to simplicity of methods, usually gives results that are much 

more reliable than those from stations at dams where the coefficient 

may be uncertain and conditions of flow are complicated.

The work is, of course, dependent on the reliability of the gage 

observers. With relatively few exceptions, the observers perform 

their work honestly. The records are, however, closely watched and 

the cause of any discrepancy is investigated. It is obvious that one 

gage reading a day does not always give the mean height for that 

day. As an almost invariable rule, however, errors from this source 

are compensating and virtually negligible in a period of one month, 

although a single day's reading may, when taken by itself, be considerably in error.

An effort is made to visit every station at least once each year for 

the purpose of making a measurement to determine the constancy of 

conditions of flow since the last measurement made in the preceding 

year, and also to check the elevation of the gage. On account of 

lack of funds or for other causes some stations were not visited during 

the current year. If conditions of flow have been reasonably permanent up to the time of the last preceding measurement, it is con1 See Hoyt, J. C., and others, Use and care of the current meter as practiced by the United States Geological Survey; Trans. Am. Soc. Civil Eng., vol. 66,1910, p. 70.
16 SUBFACE WATBE SUPPLY, 1910, PAET III.

sidered best to publish estimates of discharge based on the latest 

verified rating curve rather than to omit them altogether, although 

it should be distinctly understood that such records are at times 

subject to considerable error. This is also true, although to a less 

degree, of the period of records since the date of the last measurement of the current year. As a rule, the accuracy notes are based 

on the assumption that the rating curve used is strictly applicable 

to the current year.

In order to give engineers and others information regarding the 

probable accuracy of the computed results, footnotes are added to 

the daily-discharge tables, stating the probable accuracy of the rating 

tables used, and an accuracy column is inserted in the monthly-discharge table. For the rating tables "well defined" indicates, in 

general, that the rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; 

"fairly well defined," within 10 per cent; "poorly defined" or 

"approximate," within 15 to 25 per cent. These notes are very 

general and are based on the plotting of the individual measurements 

with reference to the mean rating curve.

The accuracy column in the monthly-discharge table does not 

apply to the maximum or minimum nor to any individual day, but 

to the monthly mean. It is based on the accuracy of the rating, the 

probable reliability of the observer, and knowledge of local conditions. 

In this column A indicates that the mean monthly flow is probably 

accurate within 5 per cent; B, within 10 per cent; C, within 15 per 

cent; D, within 25 per cent. Special conditions are covered by 

footnotes.

USE OF THE DATA.

In general the base data which are collected in the field each year 

by the Survey engineers are published, not only to comply with the 

law, but also for the express purpose of giving to any engineer the 

opportunity of examining the computed results and of changing and 

adjusting them as may seem best to him. Although it is believed that 

the rating tables and computed monthly discharges are as good as the 

base data up to and including the current year will warrant, it should 

always be borne in mind that the additional data collected at each 

station from year to year nearly always throw new light on data 

already collected and published, and hence allow more or less improvement in the computed results of earlier years. It is therefore expected 

that the engineer who makes use of the figures presented in these 

papers will verify all ratings and make such adjustments for earlier 

years as may seem necessary. The work of compiling, studying, 

revising, and republishing data for different drainage basins for 5 or 10 

year periods or more is carried on by the United States Geological 

Survey so far as the funds for such work are available.
OHIO EIVEE BASIN. 17

The estimates in the table of monthly discharge are so arranged 

as to give only a general idea of the conditions of flow at the station, 

and it is not expected that they will be used for other than preliminary 

estimates.

The daily discharges are published to allow a more detailed study 

of the variation in flow and to determine the periods of deficient 

flow.

COOPERATIVE DATA.

Cooperative data of various kinds and data regarding the run-off 

at many stations maintained wholly by private funds are incorporated in the surface water-supply reports of the United States Geological Survey.

Many stations throughout the country are maintained for specific 

purposes by private parties who supply the records gratuitously to 

the United States Geological Survey for publication. When such 

records are furnished by responsible parties and appear to be reasonably accurate, they are verified, so far as possible, and estimated 

values of accuracy are given. Records clearly worthless or misleading are not published. As it is, however, impossible to completely 

verify all such records furnished because of lack of funds or for 

other causes they are published for what they are worth, as they 

are of value as a matter of record and afford at least approximate 

information regarding stream flow at the particular localities. The 

Survey does not, however, assume any responsibility for inaccuracies 

found in such records, although most of them are believed to be 

reasonably good.

COOPERATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

For assistance rendered and records furnished special acknowledgment is due to members of the United States Corps of Engineers, the 

United States Weather Bureau, the Water Supply Commission of 

Pennsylvania, the North Carolina Geological Survey, the Ohio State 

Experiment Station, the Kentucky Geological Survey, the Madison 

Electric & Power Co., of Richmond, Ky., and F. W. Scheidenhelm. 

The State of Illinois has paid for the stream-gaging work in that 

State, the appropriation therefor being in charge of the Internal 

Improvement Commission, Isham Randolph, chairman.

DIVISION OF WORK.

The field data for Allegheny River at Red House, N. Y., have 

been collected under the direction of C. C. Covert, district engineer, 

assisted by W. G. Hoyt.

The field data for the Ohio River basin, with the exception of Allegheny River at Red House, N. Y., and for a portion of the Tennessee

50017° WSP 283 12 2 . ,
18 STJKFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1910, PAET III.

River drainage basin have been collected under the direction of A. H. 

Horton, district engineer, assisted by H. J. Jackson, C. T. Bailey, 

M. E. McChristy, J. C. Dort, P. S. Monk, and R. A. Hanson. Stations in Pennsylvania are now maintained and the stream-flow data 

collected by the Water Supply Commission of Pennsylvania.

The field data in the Tennessee River basin have been collected 

under the direction of M. R. Hall, district engineer, assisted by F. P. 

Thomas.

The ratings, special estimates, and studies of the completed data 

were made by A. H. Horton, M. R. Hall, R. H. Bolster, and H. J. 

Jackson. The computations were made and the completed data 

prepared for publication under the direction of R. H. Bolster and H. 

J. Jackson by G. C. Stevens, H. J. Jackson, J. G. Mathers, H. D. 

Padgett, G. K. Larrison, A. H. Tuttle, H. J. Dean, O. de Carre, A. 

McMillan, and M. I. Walters. The report has been edited by Mrs. 

B. D. Wood.

GENERAL FEATURES OP OHIO RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

The drainage basin of Ohio River lies in the central part of the eastern half of the United States. The river is formed by the union of 

Allegheny and Monongahela rivers at Pittsburgh, Pa., and flows in 

a general southwesterly direction to its junction with the Mississippi 

at Cairo, 111. The principal tributaries below Pittsburgh from the 

north and west are Beaver, Muskingum, Scioto, Miami, and Wabash 

rivers; those from the south and east are Monongahela, Little 

Kanawha, Kanawha,'Guyandotte, Big Sandy, Licking, Kentucky, 

Green, Cumberland, and Tennessee rivers. The total length of the 

river is 967 miles; the total drainage area is about 210,000 square 

miles.

The drainage basin of Ohio River comprises greater or less, areas 

in the States of New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, 

Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, Kentucky, 

Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois. Its northern boundaries are about 40 

miles south of Buffalo, N. Y., its southern boundaries are within 300 

miles of the Gulf of Mexico, and its eastern boundaries are about 225 

miles from the Atlantic Ocean. The sources of the tributaries from 

the north lie in the glaciated area; those of the southern tributaries 

are located on the steep and rocky slopes of the western side of the* 

Appalachian Mountains.

The topography of the basin varies from flat and rolling in the 

western and northern portions to rough and mountainous in the 

southern and eastern sections. In general the rock floor of the valley 

is 30 to 50 feet below the level of the stream at low water. Between 

Evansville, Ind., and Shawneetown, 111., its level is 65 or 75 feet
OHIO EIVEE BASIN. 19

below the stream. It is thought that in the whole length of the 

valley no rock barrier crosses its entire width at a level as high as the 

bed of the present stream. In several places rock shelves extend 

out part way across the river bed, leaving a channel deep enough for 

the passage of boats along the opposite bank. At Letart Falls the 

rock dips toward the east bank sufficiently to allow boats to pass 

when the rock of the western part of the stream bed is above the 

water surface. Well data indicate that this descent continues eastward beneath the bottom lands to a level as low as in the neighboring 

part^ of the channel. Near Ravenswood, W. % Va., rocky reefs are 

exposed at low water fully halfway across the stream bed, but wells 

on the bottom lands near the village show the rock floor to be at 

least 25 feet below the stream at low water. At Louisville wells and 

bridge soundings indicate that a channel 25 feet or more lower than 

the present surface at the head of the rapids leads southwestward 

from near the south end of the Jeffersonville bridge a short distance 

and then turns westward, passing through the city. Thus a buried 

channel apparently occurs at the side of each of the three most conspicuous rock reefs touched by the stream.

Notwithstanding the great number of riffles and shoals, the Ohio 

is generally navigable throughout the entire season for boats drawing less than 3 feet of water. It is navigable for vessels drawing 6 

feet of water during a few months of the early part of the season, but 

there is usually little traffic with such boats after July. The canal 

at Louisville affords opportunity for passing around the rapids during low water. During high-water stages the boats are able to pass 

over the rapids.

The narrowness of the valley of Ohio River has been a subject of 

remark from the early days of settlement. At very few places between Pittsburgh and Louisville does its width exceed 2 miles, and 

usually it is scarcely more than 1 mile wide. In the vicinity of Louisville its width is perhaps 4 miles, but below the mouth of Salt River 

it narrows abruptly to about 1 mile, and remains narrow for nearly 

100 miles. Beyond this narrow stretch it broadens out to a width of 

6 or 8 miles, which it maintains for much of its course to Cairo, the 

only exception as it passes the elevated ridge below Shawneetowji, 

where its width is reduced to about 2$ miles.

The depth of the valley ranges from about 600 feet down to scarcely 

100 feet, being greatest on the border of the "panhandle" of West 

Virginia and least in the lower portion of its course. Its depth seldom 

falls below 300 feet in the portion above Louisville and probably 

averages 450 feet. The narrow portion below Louisville is about 300 

feet deep. The broad portions at Louisville and in the lower parts of 

its course are but 100 to 150 feet deep. The work of the river in
20 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1910, PAET III.

excavating its narrow valley through the elevated districts is apparently commensurate with that accomplished in eroding the wide 

valley in the low districts, but the stream has accomplished less than 

it should have in the time since the beginning of development of the 

drainage lines far less in proportion to its size than has been achieved 

by the small tributaries that enter it from southern Indiana. The 

explanation of this meager amount of work is found in the enlargement of Ohio River in recent times. Investigations now in progress 

indicate that several independent drainage lines which formerly led 

northward from th^ Appalachian Mountains across southwestern 

New York, northwestern Pennsylvania, and Ohio into the Lake Erie 

Basin have been united to form the present Ohio. The full extent of 

these changes is not yet determined, nor have all of the outlets for the 

old river systems been satisfactorily traced; but enough is known to 

justify the statement that the small size of the valley of the Ohio is 

attributable to the geologically recent union of the several independent 

drainage systems.

Between Pittsburgh and Wheeling the bed of the river is composed 

of coarse gravel and bowlders and in places rock. Below Wheeling 

the gravel becomes finer, the bowlders are fewer, and bars of river 

sand appear. Below the mouth of the Kanawha the bed of the river 

becomes more distinctively sandy, although there are some gravel 

bars above Louisville.

The average width between banks does not increase materially 

from Pittsburgh to Cincinnati. In the long pool above the falls of the 

Ohio at Louisville the average width is much greater than that above 

Cincinnati, while just below the falls there is a considerable narrowing. 

Below this the average width continues to increase toward the mouth 

of thex river. The maximum width between banks is found about 

20 miles above the mouth, where it is considerably more than a mile. 

There are many islands in the river more than 50 above Louisville 

and about 30 below ranging in size from a few acres to 5,000 acres. 

Many of them are cultivated and all are practically permanent in 

position.

The river presents an interesting series of shoals and riffles separated by pools in which the water is deeper and the fall very low. 

The summary of the profile made by the Army engineers shows 187 

pools with over 7 feet depth at low water, extending over 632.5 miles. 

Of these pools 127 are above Louisville and 60 are below Louisville.

On the borders of Ohio the riffles (103 in number) -cover an aggregate length of 137 miles and have a total fall of 170 feet. The pools 

with a length of 309 miles, have a fall of 64 feet, or but 2.5 inches to 

the mile. The greatest fall noted for a single mile on the border of 

Ohio is 3.2 feet at Letart Falls, Meigs County. There are 11 riffles
OHIO EIVEK BASIN. " 21

with, a descent exceeding 2 feet to the mile. The least fall reported 

is 8 to 15 miles below Cincinnati, where a pool 7 miles long has a fall 

of but 3.5 inches; and another pool with a fall about as low is 23 to 

30 miles above Cincinnati. These two are the most conspicuous 

.pools in this section of the Ohio.

On the borders of Indiana; aside from the Louisville rapids, there 

are 55 riffles showing a total fall of 80.28 feet in stretches aggregating 

134.5 miles. At the Louisville rapids there is a fall of 23.09 feet in. 

2.25 miles. There is left but 18.13 feet for the fall of the stream in 

about 215 miles embraced in the pools, or only 1 inch to the mile. 

The elevation of normal low water at Davis Island Dam at Pittsburgh 

is 692 feet, and low-water elevation at Cairo is 273 feet a total fall 

of 419 feet, or an average fall of about 0.43 feet to the mile. 

. The northern and western portions of the drainage basin is deforested; the southern and eastern portions-may be called partly fores ted, 

as large areas in the Appalachian Mountains at the sources of some 

of the southern tributaries are still covered with a heavy growth of 

trees; as the tributaries are descended the cleared areas increase until 

the forested area is small.

The mean annual rainfall in the basin is about 45 inches, ranging 

from 35 inches along its northern boundary to 70 inches in the southeastern part at the sources of Tennessee River. The winters in 

general are mild; ice does not form very thick on some tributaries 

hardly at all; the snowfall is light and does not last long. In the 

region about the headwaters of Allegheny River, however, the winters 

are severe.

The basin affords many opportunities for storage, especially on the 

southern tributaries. From topographic maps covering part of the 

drainage area of the Ohio a large number of reservoir sites were 

located, some of them of enormous capacity. Careful surveys would 

undoubtedly show many suitable sites for dams that would impound 

large reservoirs above them.

In quantity of discharge Ohio River is the main tributary of the 

Mississippi. Its mean annual discharge is about 300,000 cubic feet 

per second, which is much more than the discharge of St. Lawrence 

River at Ogdensburg, N. Y., although the drainage area of the St. 

Lawrence is nearly twice that of the Ohio. The maximum flow of 

the Ohio is approximately 1,500,000 cubic feet per second about 

30 times the low-water flow. A comparison of records of flow of 

Ohio River with those of the upper Mississippi and Missouri shows 

that although its drainage area is one-third that of the combined 

Mississippi and Missouri its mean and low water flow is 1.3 times as 

great as their combined flow, and its maximum flow is 1.5 times as 

great. This fact is accounted for by the greater rainfall in the Ohio 

Basin and by the general character of the region.
22 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PART HI.

Navigation in the Ohio is stopped not only by low stages of the 

river but also occasionally by ice for periods averaging 10 to 12 

days a year. Sometimes the ice forms and passes off without occasioning great loss; sometimes there may be more than one serious 

break-up during the same winter.

The United States Weather Bureau and the Army Engineer Corps 

have maintained a number of gages on Ohio River at various places. 

Measurements of the discharge of the river have been made by the 

engineers of the United States Geological Survey at a number of 

places where gages are located.

GAGING STATIONS MAINTAINED IN OHIO RIVER BASIN.

The following list comprises the gaging stations maintained in 

Ohio River basin by the United States Geological Survey and cooperative parties. The stations are arranged by river basins, in downstream order, as explained on page 11, tributaries being indicated 

by indention. Data for these stations have been published in the 

reports listed in tables on pages 9 to 11.

Allegheny River (head of Ohio River) at Red House, N. Y., 1903-1910. 

Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa., 1904-1910. 

Conewango Creek 

Chautauqua Lake outlet (Chadakoin River) near Jamestown, N. Y., 1895. 

Chadakoin River near Jamestown, N. Y., 1904-5. 

Kiskiminitas River near Avonmore, Pa., 1907-1910. 

Kiskiminitas River at Salina, Pa., 1904-1906.

Blacklick Creek at Blacklick, Pa., 1904-1910.

Tygart River (head of Monongahela River) at Belington, W. Va., 1907-1910. 

Tygart River at Fetterman, W. Va., 1907-1910.

Monongahela River at Lock No. 4, Pa., 1886-1906. Flood stage record only. 

Buckhannon River at Hall, W. Va., 1907-1909. 

West Fork River at Enterprise, W. Va., 1907-1910. 

Buffalo Creek at Barrackville, W. Va., 1907-8.

Cheat River at Morgantown, W. Va., 1899-1900; 1902-1905; 1908-1910. 

Youghiogheny River at Friendsv'ille, Md., 1898-1904. 

Youghiogheny River a't Confluence, Pa., 1904-1909. 

Casselman River at Confluence, Pa., 1904-1910. 

Laurel Hill Creek at Confluence, Pa., 1904-1910. 

Indian Creek in Westmoreland County, Pa., 1892-3. 

Beaver River 

Mahoning River at Youngstown, Ohio, 1903-1906. 

Cross Creek near Mingo Junction, Ohio, 1903. 

McMahon River at Steel, Ohio, 1903. 

Muskingum River at Zanesville, Ohio, 1905-1910. 

Mohican River at Pomerene, Ohio, 1910.

Licking River at Pleasant Valley, Ohio, 1902-1906. 

Jonathan Creek at Powells, Ohio, 1902-3. 

Kanawha River 

New River (South Fork) (head of Kanawha River) at New River, N. C., 1900-1901. 

New River (South Fork) near Grumpier, N. C., 1908-1910.
OfitO BtVEE BASltf. 23

New River at Oldtown, Va., 1900-1903.

New River near Grayson, Va., 1908-1910.

New River at Radford, Va., 1898-1910.

New River at Fayette, W. Va., 1895-1904; 1908-1910.

New River (North Fork) at Weaversford, N. C., 1900-1901. 

New River (North Fork) near Grumpier, N. C., 1908-1910. 

Reed Creek at Grahams Forge, Va., 1908-1910. 

Big Reed Island Creek near Allisonia, Va., 1908-1910. 

Little River near Copper Valley, Va., 1908-1910. 

Walker Creek at Staffordsville, Va., 1908-1910. 

Wolf Creek near Narrows, Va., 1908-1910. 

Bluestone River at Lilly, W. Va., 1908-1910. 

Greenbrier River near Marlinton, W. Va., 1908-1910. 

Greenbrier River at Alderson, W. Va., 1895-1906; 1907-1910. 

Gauley River at Allingdale, W. Va., 1908-1910. 

Gauley River near Summersville, W. Va., 1908-1910. 

Gauley River at Belva, W. Va., 1908-1910.-

Cherry River at Richwood, W. Va., 1908-1910. 

Meadow River near Russellville, W. Va., 1908-1910. 

Elk River at Webster Springs, W. Va., 1908-1910. 

Elk River at Gassaway, W. Va., 1908-1910. 

Elk River at Clendennin, W. Va., 1908-1910. 

Coal River at Brushton, W. Va., 1908-1910. 

Coal River at Tornado, W. Va., 1908-1910. 

Pocotaligo River at Sissonville, W. Va., 1908-1910. 

Scioto River near Columbus, Ohio, 1903-1906.

Olentangy River near Columbus, Ohio, 1903-1905. Miami River 

Little Miami River at Loveland, Ohio, 1906. 

Little Miami River near Morrow, Ohio, 1903. 

Miami River at Hamilton, Ohio, 1910. 

Miami River at Dayton, Ohio, 1905-1909.

Mad River near Springfield, Ohio, 1904-1906. 

Kentucky River at Frankfort, Ky., 1905-6. 

Dix River near Danville, Ky., 1905. 

Dix River near Burgin, Ky., 1910. 

Salt River (Rolling Fork) at New Haven, Ky., 1905-6. 

Wabash River at Logansport, Ind., 1903-1906. 

Wabash River at La Fayette, Ind., 1901-1903. 

Wabash River at Terre Haute, Ind., 1902-3 and 1905-6.

Wabash River at Mount Carinel, Ind., 1884-1910 (gage-height records by United 

States Weather Bureau).

Tippecanoe River at Delphi, Ind., 1903-1906; 1908. 

Embarrass River near Oakland, 111., 1909-10. 

Embarrass River at St. Marie, 111., 1909-10. 

West Branch of White River at Indianapolis, Ind., 1904-1906. 

Eel River at Cataract, Ind., 1903-1906.

East Branch of White River at Shoals, Ind., 1903-1906; 19Q9-10. 

Little Wabash River at Clay City, 111., 1909-10. 

Little Wabash River at Golden Gate, 111., 1909-10. 

Little Wabash River at Carmi, 111., 1909-10. 

Skillet Fork at Wayne City, 111., 1909-10. 

Skillet Fork at Mill Shoals, 111., 1909-10.
24 STJEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1910, PAET III.

Cumberland Kiver at Nashville, Tenn., 1901-1904. 

Tennessee River 

French Broad Kiver at Rosman, N. C., 1907-1909. 

French Broad Kiver at Horseshoe, N. C., 1904-1906. 

French Broad River at Asheville, N. C., 1895-1910. 

French Broad River at Newport, Tenn., 1900-1905; 1907. 

Tennessee River at Knoxville, Tenn., 1899-1910. 

Tennessee River at Chattanooga, Tenn., 1895-1910. 

Davidson River near Davidson River, N. C., 1904-1909. 

Little River at Calhoun, N. C., 1907-8. 

Mills River (North Fork) at Pinkbed, N. C., 1904-1909.

Mills River (South Fork) near Sitton, N. C., 1904-1909. 

Mud Creek at Naples, N. C., 1907. 

Swannanoa River at Swannanoa, N. C., 1907-1909. 

Swannanoa River at Biltmore, N. C., 1905. 

Ivy River at Democrat, N. C., 1907. 

Pigeon River at Canton, N. C., 1907-1909. 

Pigeon River at Newport, Tenn., 1900-1909. 

Nolichucky River at Chucky Valley, Tenn., 1900-1901. 

Nolichucky River at Greeneville, Tenn., 1903-1908. 

North Toe River at Spruce Pine, N. C., 1907-8. 

Holston River (South Fork) near Chilhowie, Va., 1907-1909. 

Holston River (South Fork) at Bluff City, Tenn., 1900-1910. 

Holston River near Rogersville, Tenn., 1904-1909.

Holston River (Middle Fork) at Chilhowie, Va., 1907-1910. 

Watauga River at Butler, Tenn., 1900-1901. 

. Watauga River near Elizabethton, Tenn., 1903-1908. 

Elk Creek at Lineback, Tenn., 1900-1901. 

Roane Creek at Butler, Tenn., 1900-1901. 

Doe River at Elizabethton, Tenn., 1907-8. 

Holston River (North Fork) at Daltville, Va., 1907-8. 

Little Tennessee River at Franklin, N. C., 1907-1910. 

Little Tennessee River at Judson, N. C., 1896-1910. 

Little Tennessee River at McGhee, Tenn., 1905-1910. 

Cullasagee River at Cullasagee, N. C., 1907-1909. 

Nantahala River near Nantahala, N. C., 1907-1909. 

Tuckasegee River near East Laport, N. C., 1907-1909. 

Tuckasegee River at Bryson, N. C., 1896-1910. 

Scotts Creek near Dillsboro, N. C., 1907-8. 

Oconalufty River near Cherokee, N. C., 1907-8. 

Cheoah River at Millsaps, N. C., 1907-8. 

Clinch River at Clinchport, Va., 1907-1909. 

Hiwassee River near Hayesville, N. C., 1907-1909. 

Hiwassee River at Murphy, N. C., 1896-1910. 

Hiwassee River at Reliance, Tenn., 1900-1910. 

Hiwassee River at Charlestown, Tenn., 1899-1901; 1903. 

Tusquitee Creek near Hayesville, N. C., 1907-1909. 

Valley River at Tomotla, N. C., 1904-1909. 

Nottely River at Ranger, N. C., 1901-1905. 

Toccoa River near Dial, Ga., 1907-8. 

Toccoa River at Blueridge, Ga., 1899-1903. 

Ocoee River at McCays (Copper Hill), Tenn., 1903-1910. 

Elk Creek near Elkmont, Ala., 1904-1908. 

Duck River at Columbia, Tenn., 1904-1908.
OHIO EIVEE BASIN. 25 

ALLEGHENY RIVER BASIN. 

GENERAL FEATURES.

Allegheny River drains the western slopes of the Allegheny Mountains in Pennsylvania and New Yprk.

The river rises in Hie central part of Potter County, in northern 

Pennsylvania, flows in a general northwesterly direction into New 

York to about the central part of Cattaraugus County, where it turns 

and flows southwestward back into Pennsylvania; at Franklin, in 

Venango County, it turns and flows southeastward to the -mouth of 

Mahoning Creek, in Armstrong County, where it again bends to the 

southwest, and at Pittsburgh joins the Monongahela to form the Ohio. 

The river is about 290 miles long (map measurement) and its drainage area, which is nearly 50 per cent greater than that of the Monongahela, comprises about 11,100 square miles.

The important tributaries, beginning at the source and following 

down the right bank, are Oswayo, Olean, Conewango, Brokenstraw, 

Oil, and French creeks; on the left bank are Potato, Tunugwant, and 

Tionesta creeks, Clarion River, Red Bank, Mahoning, and Crooked 

creeks, and Kiskiminitas River.

The elevation of the sources of the river is about 2,500 feet above 

sea level; at Olean, N. Y., the elevation is 1,420 feet; at Franklin, 

Pa., the elevation is 960 feet; at Pittsburgh the elevation is 692 feet.

The basin is somewhat regular in shape, being about 2£ times as 

long as it is wide. Its northwestern boundary is at one point about 

8 miles from Lake Erie, lying within about 40 miles of Buffalo. 

Below Franklin, Pa., the river flows near the western boundary of its 

basin. The surrounding country is made up of high hills or mountains separated by deep valleys, but west of the main river the country 

is less mountainous though the surface is still rolling and hilly.

The bed of the stream is composed chiefly of gravel ranging in size 

from small pebbles to cobblestones. The banks are made up of sand, 

gravel, or clay. The area is underlain by shales, and except in stream 

valleys the soil has little depth.

This basin is exceptionally rich in natural resources, coal, oil, gas, 

limestone, glass sand, and building stones occurring in abundance.

This basin was at one time covered with timber, the principal 

varieties being pine and hemlock. At present, however, only light 

forests and brush are found at the headwaters of the tributaries, the 

pine and hemlock having been cut off some time ago.

The mean annual rainfall in this region is about 40 inches and the 

winters are severe. Snowfall is heavy in the upper part of the basin 

and lasts for long periods, and ice forms to a thickness of about 2 feet. 

The heavy ice during the spring floods is very destructive. Jams 

frequently occur which cause considerable damage from backwater.
26 gTTRFACE WATER StTPPLY, 1910, PAST Itf.

The basin affords good opportunities for storage reservoirs. Careful 

surveys would undoubtedly show a number of excellent sites for reservoirs of large capacity.

Allegheny River is subject to very severe floods, which cause heavy 

losses to manufacturing and other interests along the river.

The river is navigable for part of the year for small steamers to 

Franklin, 123 miles above the mouth. ' ,

The fall of the main river and tributaries is comparatively large 

and if the stream were in a district where fuels were more expensive, 

it would undoubtedly be much used for power. When the price of 

coal advances so that water power can compete with steam, the water 

power on this stream will be more extensively developed.

The Cuba Reservoir, which feeds the Erie Canal through Genesee 

River, lies on the divide between the Allegheny and Genesee drainage 

basins. Part of the overflow from this reservoir passes into the 

Allegheny and the rest into the Genesee.

ALLEGHENY RIVER AT RED HOUSE, N. Y.

This station, which is located at the Red House highway bridge, 

near the stations of the Erie and Pennsylvania railroads, about 5 

miles below Salamanca, N. Y., and nearly 13 miles above the point 

where the river leaves New York State, was established September 4, 

1903, to obtain general statistical data regarding the flow of the 

Allegheny, and is maintained in cooperation with the New York 

State engineer's department.

At Olean, N. Y., the wasteway from the Cuba Reservoir enters the 

river through Olean Creek. This reservoir is located on the divide 

between Oil Creek, tributary to Allegheny River and Genesee River. 

The storage is commonly turned into Genesee River through the 

abandoned summit level of Genesee Valley Canal, but may be diverted 

into Oil Creek through the guard lock at the head of the canal. There 

are no lakes and no artificial storage tributary to the stream above the 

gaging station. Conewango Creek, the outlet of Chautauqua Lake, 

enters the Allegheny in the State of Pennsylvania.

The datum of the chain gage attached to the highway bridge has 

remained the same during the maintenance of the station. Conditions for obtaining the accurate discharge are good, and an excellent 

rating curve has been developed. Moderate ice conditions usually 

prevail during the winter months.

Information in regard to this station is contained in the reports of 

the New York State engineer and surveyor.
OHIO RIVER BASIN. 27 

Discharge measurements of Allegheny River at Red Home, N. F., in 1910.

Date.

July 24a

Aug. 25

Hydrographer.

W.G.Hoyt.. .............................................

C. C. Covert. .... ..........................................

Width.

Feet. 

255

344

Area of

section.

Sq.ft. 

173

1,050

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.04

3.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

326

604

o Measurement July 24 made by wading below bridge.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Allegheny River at Red House, N. Y., for 1910. 

[W. E. Coe, observers]

Day.

1...... .........

2...............

3...............

4.... ...........

5...............

7...............

8...............

9...... .........

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21.... ..........

22............... 

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

in

31...............

Jan.

4.0

4.0

,4.0

5.0

4.5

Feb.

5.6

4.5

4.5

5.0

8.1

9.1

Mar.

10.5

13.6

11.4

11.0

10.9

10.3

10.5

9.5

9.1

9.0

9.0

8.8

8.0

7.4

6.0

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.4

6.0

6.6

7.0 

7.0

7.1

7.1

7.3 7.3-

7.2

7.2,

7.0

6.5

Apr.

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.8

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.2

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.1

3.8

3.6

3.6

3.8

3.8

5.0

6.2

6.4 

6.6

7.4

8.0

9.2

9.0

8.5

8.2

8.6

May.

 7.0

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.0

7.0

7.0

7.0

7.0

6.5

6.5

6.0

6.0

6.0

5.5

5.5

5.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0 

4.0

4.5

4.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.5

June.

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.5 

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

. 3.0

July.

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.5

3.5

3.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5 

3.5

3.05

3.05

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.05

3.05

3.05

Aug.

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

3.0

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9 

3.0

3.2

3.3

3.2

, 3.2

3.2

3.2

3.15

3.0

Sept.

3.02

3.12

3.2

3.35

3.8

5.5

5.62

4.8

4.4

4.12

3.8 .

3.6

3.52

3.4

3.32

3.18

3.15

3.1

3.1

3.05

3.0

3.0

2.9

3.01

3.32

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.25

Oct.

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.02

2.98

3.27

3.88

3.8

3.61

3.4

3.28

3.2

3.05 3.0-

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.05

3.0

3.02

2.92 

3.1

3.25

3.4

3.8

4.1

4.35

4.35

4.25

Nov.

4.35

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.55

4.45

4.25

4.0

3.9

4.4

5.7

5.5

4.6

4.9

4.9

4.8

4.75

4.6

4.65

4.5

4.45

4.4 

4.7

5.35

5.5

5.65

5.6

5.8

5.5

5.3

Dec.

5.0

4.9

4.85

4.6

4.55

4.4

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.0

3.95

3.95

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.95

3.95

3.95

3.95

3.95

3.95

3.95 

3.95

3.95

3.95

4.0

4.2

4.4

4.55

6.5

7.3

a Observer Jan. 1 to Aug. 24, inclusive, found to be unreliable; records for this period are questionable. 

Present observer, Mr. W. E. Coe, is considered reliable.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 1 to Feb. 27 and about Dec. 12 to 26.
28 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1910, PAET III.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Allegheny River at Red House, N. Y.,for 1910.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7. ..............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14. ..............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan. Feb.

10,800

17,000

Mar.

23,600

41,000

28,400

26,200

25,600

22,600

23,600

18,800

17,000

16,500

16,500

15,700

12,300

10, 100

5,660

4,570

4,320

4,320

4,060

5,660

7,460

8,740

8,740

9,070

9,070

9,740

9,740

9,400

9,400

8,740

7,150

Apr.

3,130

3,130

3,130

2,720

2,200

2,200

2,200

2,200

1,750

1,470

1,470

1,470

1,610

1,610

1,200

945

945

1,200

1,200

3,130

6,240

6,840

7,460

10, 100

12,300

17,400

16,500

14,400

13,100

14,800

May.

8,740

8,740

10,400

12,300

12,300

8,740

8,740

8,740

8,740

7,150

7,150

5,660

5,660

5,660

4,320

4,320

3,130

1,470

1,470

1,470

1,470

1,470

1,470

2,200

2,200

1,470

1,470

1,470

1,470

1,470

2,200

June.

2,200

2,200

2,200

2,200

2,200

2,200

2,200

2,200

2,200

1,470

1,470

1,470

1, 470

1,470

1,470

825

825

1,470

1,470

1,470

825

825

825

825

320

320

320

320

320

July.

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

825

825

825

1,470

1,470

1,470

1,470

825

825

825

825

825

825

362

362

320

320

320

362

362

362

Aug.

320

320

190

168

145

145

145

145

145

320

405

405

320

320

250

250

250

250

320

320

320

250

320

500

600

500

500

500

500

452

320

Sept.

337

424

500

655

1,200

4,320

4,620

2,720

2,040

1,640

1,200

945

849

710

622

481

452

405

405

362

320

320

250

328

622

710

825

710

600

550

Oct.

405

405

405

337

306

570

1,310

1,200

958

710

580

500

362

320

320

320

320

320

362

320

337

264

405

550

710

945

1,200

1,610

1,970

1,970

1,820

Nov.

1,970

2,040

2,200

2,360

2,280

2,120

1,820

1,470

1,340

2,040

,4,830

4,320

2,360

2,920

2,920

2,720

2,630

2,360

2,450

2,200

2,120

2,040

2,540

3,940

4,320

4,700

4,570

5,100

4,320

3,820

Dec.

3,130

2,920

2,820

2,360

2,280

2,040

1,750

1,610

1,470

1,470

1,400

1,200

1,000

 800

700

600

500

400

.400

400

400

500

500

600

600

1,000

1,750

2,040

2,280

7,150

9,740

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve that is well defined. Discharge Dec. 12 to 26 estimated by means of climatologic records, the discharge at Kittanning and in 

adjacent drainage areas. Discharge Feb. 27 estimated. Determinations for Dec. 12 to 26, published in 

the report of the New York State engineer and surveyor, have been revised.

Monthly discharge of Allegheny River at Red House, N. Y., for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 1,640 square miles.]

Month.

April ...................................

June. . ..................................

July....................................

September ..............................

The year........................ .

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

17,000 

41,000 

17,400 

12,300 

2,200 

1,470 

600 

4,620 

1,970 

5,100 

9,740

41,000

Minimum.

4,060 

945 

1,470 

320 

320 

145 

250 

264 

1,340 

400

145

Mean.

2,500 

2,200 

13,700 

5,270 

4,940 

1,350 

622 

319 

1,000 

713 

2,890 

1,800

3,120

Per 

square 

 mile.

1.52 

1.34 

8.35 

3.21 

3.01 

.823 

.379 

.195 

.610 

.435 

1.76 

1.10

1.90

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.75 

1.40 

9.63 

3.58 

3.47 

.92 

.44 

.22 

.68 

.50 

1.96 

1.27

25.82

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C.

NOTE. Discharge Jan. 1 to Feb. 26 estimated by means of climatologic records, the discharge at Kittanning, and in adjacent drainage areas. Mean discharge Feb. 1 to 26 estimated 1,300 second-feet. Determinations for January, February, and December, published in the report of the New York State engineer 

and surveyor, have been revised.
OHIO EIVEB BASIN. 29

ALLEGHENY RIVER AT KITTANNING, PA.

This station, which is located at the Market Street Bridge in the 

city of Kittanning, Pa., was established by the United States Geological Survey August 18, 1904, to obtain general comparative and 

statistical data regarding the flow of Allegheny River for the study 

of flood prevention at Pittsburgh and on Ohio Kiver and for the determination of the regimen of flow for power and navigation projects and 

for the prevention of pollution. The station is now maintained by 

the Water Supply Commission of Pennsylvania, who have furnished 

the records of gage height for 1910.

No important tributaries enter the Allegheny in the immediate 

vicinity of Kittanning. Crooked River enters from the east 4 miles 

below, and Easkiminitas River enters from the east over 12 miles 

below the station.

The datum of the chain gage attached to the bridge has remained 

constant since the installation of the station.

The flow is obstructed by ice during short periods each winter. 

Conditions of flow are practically constant and an excellent low and 

medium stage rating curve has been developed. At high stages 

numerous measurements have been made. There is, however, a 

marked difference between the discharge at a given high gage height 

for rising and for falling stage, due to increase and decrease of slope. 

The difference at times amounts to as much as 15 per cent, and as the 

variation differs for each flood it is difficult to determine accurately 

the daily discharge at high stages.

Two discharge measurements were made at this station during 1910. 

The gage chain was found to be 0.10 foot too long, and was adjusted 

to its proper length on March 3, 1910. The last previous inspection 

of this station was made September 25, 1908.

Discharge measurements of Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 3

Mar. 5

Hydrographer.

F. W. Scheidenhelm.. ....................................

Width.

Feet. 

870

858

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

17,900

16,400

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

20.80

19.08

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

138,000

118,000
30 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PART III.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa., for 1910.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5................

6...............

7. ..............

8...............

9...............

10. ..............

11............... 

12...............

13. .............

14. .............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19.. ........... ..

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25 ..............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30 *i

Jan.

4.55

4.48

5.46

5.65

6.00

6.80

6.76

6.63

6.58

6.55

6.24

<» Qf»

6.00

5.45

5.51

5.75

14.32

13.06

13.02

13.42

10.11

10.08

9 Aft

8.76

8.12

8.72

7 Qfi

7.51

7 19

Feb.

6.78

6.12

6.24

6.18

6.12

6.12

6.02

5.81

6.14

6.22

6.18 

6.05

5.86

5.52

5.50

5.32

K K1

5.62

5.80

6.10

6.32

6 46

6.64

6

00

7

(\A

7.10

7.30

16.72

Mar.

19.95

20.72

20.74

20.35

19.86

20.45

20.75

17.92

16.42

13.76

12.22

1ft Oft

10.00

10.00

9.04

8.51

Q (V\

7.82

7.88

8.12

8.88

11.11

10.92

10.62

10.52

10.60

9 79

8.73

8

1 K

7.15

7.21

Apr.

6.83

6.42

6.23

6.01

5.81

6.00

6.23

5.88

5.21

4.42

4.40 

4 36

4.25

4.16

4.08

4.25

4.20

5.12

5.40

6.32

7.15

7 ft9

Q 94

12.48

12.25

11.64

Q Qfi

8.82

May.

8.26

8.12

8.12

8.10

8.04

7.92

7.81

7.76

7.34

7.18

6.09 

5.48

5.16

4.83

4.60

4.48

4.39

4.42

4.48

4.50

4.58

5.12

5.26

K *>K

5.35

5.28

5.24

5.18

5.12

5.12

>» m

June.

4.96

5.04

5.36.

5.68

6.02

5.98

5.92

5.62

5.21

5.15

5.02 

4.82

4.68

4.51

4.22

4.10

3.96

3.91

3.74

3.44

3.26

3.02

2.90

2.67

2.58

2.56

2.60

2.51

2.43

July.

2.36

2.32

2.29

2.25

2.21

2.16

2.24

2.20

2.18

2.17

2.10 

2.20

2.22

2.10

2.24

2.51

2.88

2.92

2.86

2.64

2.48

2.32

2.20

2.15

2.12

2.08

1.98

1.90

1.85

1.85

1.81

Aug.

1.83

1.85

. 1.86

1.80

1.72

1.62

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.65 

1.74

1.85

2.00

1.91

1.85

1 7f»

1.71

1.65

1.64

1.59

1.52

1.48

1.56

1.92

2.00

2.10

2.11

1.93

1.77

1.73

Sept.

1.68

2.04

2.86

4.78

4.6K

3.51

3.12

3.1Q

3.22

3.35

3.46

3.58

3.31

3.04

2.77

2.38

2.22

2.19

2.08

1.98

1.91

1.94

2.08

3.12

6.00

5.36

4.72

4.12

3.70

3.32

Oct.

2.95

2.62

2.68

3.02

3.50

3.50

3.52

3.71

3..80

3.85

3.79 

3.54

3.02

2.72

2.20

9 41

2.48

2.44

2.50

2.56

2.48

2.40

2.61

2.82

2.96

3.03

3.73

4.02

4.60

5.20

Nov.

5.48

6.22

6.74

6.82

6.75

5.62

6.21

6.82

6.90

7 00

7.12

O Aft

8.80

8.22

7.87

7.45

6 GO

6.40

6.20

5.98

6.00

6.20

6.40

6.60

7 Oft

9.03

9.00

8.30

7.85

8.40

Dec.

8.30

7.60

7.03

6.52

6.20

6.10

K fiA

5.25

5.00

4.80

4.20

4.72

4.66

4.60

4.00

3.65

3.40

3.86

4.55

4.80

5.10

5.60

6.00

6.50

R <tl\

5.80

5.80

6.00

14.75

-iq fin

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice abput Jan. 1 to 17, Feb. 5 to 21, and Dec. 12 

to 28.

Daiiy discharge, in second-feet, of Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa., for 1910.

Day.

1. .......

2........

3........

4........

5........

6........

7........

8........

9. .......

10........

11........

12........

10

14........ 1f»

16........

17........

18........

10

20........

91

99

OQ

24........

25........

Jan.

39,500

64,700

54,700

57,500

qc Af\f\

35,200

31,600

Feb.

17 300

14,300

14,800

14,500

15,800

16,700

17,500

18,600

Mar.

120,000

129,000

129,000

124,000

119,000

126,000

129,000

97,800

83,100

60,200

48,700

40,100

34 700

34,700

29,300

26,300

23,500

22,600

22,900

24,200

90 4nn

41,400

40,200

37,800

Apr.

17,600

15,600

14,800

13,800

12,900

13,700

14,800

13,200

10,400

7,470

7,400

7,270

7 060

6,900

6,610

6,350

6,900

6,740

10,000

11,100

15,200

20,000

19,100

18,500

30,400

May.

24,900

24,200

24,200

24,100

23,800

23,100

22,500

22,300

20,100

19,300

14,100

11,500

10,200

8,910

8,080

7,670

7,370

7,470

7,670

7,740

10,000

10,600

10,900

10,900

June.

9,390

9,700

11,000

12,300

13,800

13,600

13,400

12,100

10,400

10,100

9,620

8,870

8,360

7,770

6,800

6,420

, 5,980

5,830

5,330

4,980

4,480

4,010

3,410

3,160

2,690

July.

2,130

2,060

2,010

1,950

1,890

1,810

1,930

1,870

1,840

1,820

1,720

1,870

1,900

1,720

1,930

2,400

3,120

3,200

3,080

2,640

2,340

2,060

1,870

1,800

1,750

Aug.

1,350

1,380

1,390

1,310

1,210

1,100

1,080

1,080

1,080

1,080

1,140

1,240

1,380

1,580

1,450

1,380

1,250

1,200

1,140

1,120

1,070

1,000

.960

1,040

1,470

Sept.

1,170

1,640

3,080

8,720

8,360

4,670

3,670

3,620

3,910

4,240

4,530

4,860

4,140

3,480

2,890

2,170

1,900

1,860

1,690

1,550

1,450

1,500

1,690

3,670

13,700

Oct.

3,270

2,600

2,710

3,430

4,640

4,640

4,700

5,240

5,500

5,650

5,470

4,750

4,010

3,430

2,790

1,870

2,220

2,340

2,270

2,380

2,490

2,340

2,200

2,580

2,990

Nov.

11,500

14,700

17,100

17,500

17,200

12,100

14,700

17,500

17,900

18,400

19,000

25,700

27,900

24,700

22,800

20,700

17,500

15,500

14,600

13,600

13,700

14,600

15,500

16,500

23,000

Dec.

25,200

21,400

18,600

16,100

14,600

14,200

12,000

10,500

9,540

8,800

6,740
OHIO EIVEB BASIN". 31

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa., for 1910 Con.

Day.

26.......?

27........

28........

29........

30........

31........

Jan.

27,700

24,2QO

27,500

23,300

21,000

19,000

Feb.

IB onn

19,900

OC Qftft

........

Mar.

38,300

33,100

07 EIV1

24,400

19,100

19,400

Apr.

50,500

48,900

44 800

34,500

28,000

May.

10 600

10,500

10,200

10,000

10,000

9,930

June.

2,520

2,490

2

CAA

2,250

July.

1,690

1,550

1 440

1,360

1,380

1,320

Aug.

1,580

1,720

1 740

1,480

1,270

1,230

Sept.

11 000

8,510

6,480

5,210

4,160

Oct.

3,300

3,460

5,300

6>170

8,080

10,300

Nov.

90 Win

29,000

25,200

22,700

25,700

Dec.

13,700

68,300

58,900

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a discharge rating curve fairly well defined up to discharge 

1,870 second-feet (gage height 2.2 feet); well defined between discharges 2,030 and 20.400 second-feet (gage 

heights 2.3 and 7.4 feet); and poorly denned above discharge 20,900 second-feet (gage height 7.5 feet); as noted 

in description of station. Discharge January 1 to 17, February 5 to 21, and December 12 to 28, estimated 

 because of ice, from climatologic records and discharge of adjacent drainage areas. Mean discharge January 1 to 17, estimated at 4,500 second-feet. Mean discharge February 5 to 21, estimated at 8,350 secondfeet, varying from about 3,000 to 14,000 second-feet. Mean discharge December 12 to 28, estimated at 5,000 

second-feet, varying from about 3,000 to 10,000 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa., for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 8,690 square miles.]

Month.

March ..................................

April...................................

May....................................

June... .................................

July....................................

The year. ........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

64,700

' 85,900

129,000 

50,500 

24,900 

13,800 

3,200 

1,740 

13,700 

10,300 

29,200 

68,300

129,000

Minimum.

i9,i66

6,350 

7,470 

2,250 

1,320 

960 

1,170 

1,870 

11,500

Mean.

19,100 

14,100 

57,200 

17,400 

13,900 

7,190 

1,980 

1,270 

4,320 

3,970 

19,200 

12,400

14,400

Per

square 

mile.

2.20 

1.62 

6.58 

2.00 

1.60 

.827 

.228 

.146 

.497 

.457 

2.21 

1.43

1.66

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.54 

'1.69 

7.59 

2.23 

1.84 

.92 

.26 

.17 

.55 

.53 

2.47 

1.65

22.44

Accuracy.

C. 

C.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

C.

a See footnotes under table of daily discharge for periods of estimated discharge. 

KISKIMINITAS RIVER AT AVONMORE, PA.

Kiskiminitas River is formed at Saltsburg, Pa., by the union of 

Conemaugh River with Loyalhanna Creek.

The gaging station, which is about 5 miles below the junction, was 

established June 11, 1907, at the highway bridge near Avomnore station on the Pennsylvania Railroad. It is maintained by the Water 

Supply Commission of Pennsylvania, which has furnished the records 

of gage freight for 1910.

This river is subject to sudden violent floods similar to those which 

occur in Youghiogheny and Monongahela rivers and which, when 

combined, have such disastrous effects at Pittsburgh and other cities 

on Ohio River. In the flood of March 19, 1908, the Kiskiminitas 

rose to a crest height of 30.8 feet, and its discharge was estimated at 

80,500 second-feet, or 46 second-feet per square mile from a drainage 

area of 1,750 square miles.
32 SURFACE WATBE SUPPLY, 1910, PAET IH.

Blacklegs Creek enters from the right about 4 miles above the 

station, and Long Run enters from the right about 1 mile below the 

station.

The discharge is affected by ice for short periods during the jvinter 

months. The datum of the chain gage attached to the bridge has 

remained unchanged since the establishment of the station. The 

gage chain was found to be 0.05 foot too long and was adjusted to its 

proper length on March 2, 1910. The last previous inspection of 

this station was made September 25, 1908.

The following discharge measurement was made by K. C. Grant, an 

engineer of the Water Supply Commission of Pennsylvania:

March 2, 1910: Width, 444 feet; area, 6,430 square feet; gage height, 16.70 feet 

discharge, 27,200 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kiskiminitas River at Avonmore, Pa., for 1910.

Day.

1.. .............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8..............

9...............

10...............

U... ............

12...............

13. ..............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17. ..............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26............... 

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.05

5.25

8.35

11.45

7.35

9.45

11.45

9.05

7.15

6.25

8.25

10.95

11.95

11.45

11.75

11.45

10.75

13.75

19.95

11.55

8.55

17.15

10.65

8.75

7.45

6.35 

8.05

8.15

7.05

6.15

5.85

Feb.

5.35

4.85

5.05

5.95

5.55

5.05

6.75

6.85

7.45

6.35

7.85

7.45

7.05

7.35

7.45

10.75

23.50

20.95

16.45

15.25

17.75

18.95

11.05

8.35

7.25

6.65 

7.95

17.50

Mar.

18.25

16.38

15.10

12.78

11.45

11.28

12.20

10.00

8.37

7.27

6.51

5.99

5.69

5.54

4.94

4.67

5.01

4.99

4.71

4.79

5.14

5.34

 5.04

4.87

4.71

?.54

4.04

3.84

3.77

3.71

Apr.

3.57

3.44

3.37

3.27

3.29

3.37

3.24

3.14

3.09

2.96

2.91

2.77

2.71

2.74

2.64

2.66

2.83

3.28

5.66

5.58

6.36

6.56

6.06

5.66

9.93

11.38 

8.86

7.58

6.60

6.16

May.

5.73

5.06

4.70

4.68

4.50

4.06

3.80

3.68

3.66

3.76

3.73

4.78

4.76

4.16

3.90

3.69

3.48

3.56

3.68

3.62

3.92

5.06

4 63

4.46

4.88

5.99 

5.29

4.72

4.43

4.09

4.02

June.

4.45

4.79

4.99

4.79

4.42

4.92'

5.88

5.02

4.49

5.07

6.82

6.89

6.18

5.62

5.09

5.08

4.95

5.28

10.37

7.63

6.27

5.12

4.62

4.17

3.81

3.57 

3.37

3.33

A Q9

4.11

July.

3.37

3.19

3.07

2.95

2.99

2.79

2.79

3.41

3.17

2.92

2.71

2.61

2.70

2.84

2.67

6.31

4.11

3.88

3.14

2.76

2.54

2.36

2.18 

2.11

2.10

2.06

2.04

1.96

Aug.

1.96

1.96

1.91

1.91

1.88

1.86

1.86

1.86

1.86

1.91

2.06

2.36

2.26

2.16

1.87

1 QA

1.88

1.86

1.88

1 CM

9 1C

1 Q7

1 qn

1.95 

i cm

1.85

1.85

1.80

1.84

Sept.

1.80

1.83

1.95

3.71

5.50

3.64

4.35

3.67

3.17

2.93

2.70

2.85

3.10

A ^f\

3.65

9 QC

9 7A

2.60

2.37

2.30

2.23

2 17

2.13

2.21

2.50

2.43 

2.39

2.30

2.75

2.65

Oct.

2.39

2.25

2.13

2.06

2.03

1.97

2.00

1.99

1.96

1.94

1.94

1.92

1.89

1.89

1.89

1 QA

1 89

1.89

1.89

1.86

1 86

1 95

o on

2.68

2.34

2.20 

2 19-

2.19

2.14

2.09

Nov.

2.12

2.09

2.09

2.09

2.12

2 14

2.09

2.09

2.04

2.04

2.09

2.10

2 14

2.10

2.44

O 1ft

2 24

9 t)A

2.33

9 9A

O 10

9 ty^

2.33

9 QQ

2.53 

2.69

2.75

3

QC

4.25

Dec.

4.13

3.15

3.13

3.35

3.34

4 01

4.61

4.28

3.95

3.43

4.01

3

QQ

3.78

3

01

3.73

3.63

3.65

3.59

3.72

4 02

4 48

A A]

4.31

5.75

ft no

5.63 

4.26

4.98

9 17

13.83

9.53

NOTE. Gage heights Mar. 9 to Dec. 31 differ by 0.02 foot, or less, from those published by the Water 

Supply Commission of Pennsylvania, owing, to differences in methods of interpretation of corrections to be 

applied for errors in gage. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 1,2.10. 

II, 12,13, Feb. 7 to 16, and Dec. 11 to 24.
OHIO EIVEB -BASIN. 33 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of KisMminitas River^ at Awmmore, Pa.t for 1910.

Day.

1.... ...........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7............... 

8............... 

9............... 

10...............

11............... 

12...............

13...............

14............... 

15...............

16............... 

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25.. .............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

200

1,800

7,060

13,300

5,500

9,000

13,300 

8,270 

5,210 

3,500

3,000 

2,500

7,000

13,300 

14,100

13,300 

11,600

19,500

39,100

13,600

7 4flfl

29,700

11,400

7,740

5,640

4,140

6,580

6,740

5,070 

3,880

3,500

Feb.

2,880

2,300

2,520

3,620

3,120

2,520

5i,"900"

42,600

27,400

23,800

31,700

35,700

12,400

7,060

5,350

4,540

6,420

30,800

Mar.

33,300

27,200

23,300

16,800

13,300

12,900

15,300 

10,000 

7,100 

5,380

4,350 

3,680

3,290

3,110 

2,390

2,100 

2,470

2,450

2,140

2,230

2,630

2,870

2,510

2,320

2,140

1,960

1,670

1,490

1,310 

1,260

1,210

Apr.

1,100

998

949

879

893

949

858 

791 

758 

676

646 

564

530

547 

492

503 

598

886

3,250

3,160

4,160

4,420

3,770

3,250

9,910

13,200

7,930

5,840

4,470 

3,900

May.

3,340

2,530

2,130

2,110

1,920

1,500

1,280 

1,180 

1,170 

1,250

1,220 

2,220

2,200

1,590 

1,360

1,190 

1,030

1,090

1,180

1,140

1,380

2,530

2,050

1,880

2,330

3,680

2,810

2,150

1,850 

1,530

1,470

June.

1,870

2,230

2,450

2,230

1,840

2,370

3,530 

2,480 

1,910 

2,540

4,760 

4,850

3,920

3,200 

2,570

2,560 

2,400

2,800

10,800

5,920

4,040

2,600

2,040

1,600

1,290

1,100

949

921

2,370 

1,550

July.

949

824

746

670

694

574

574 

977 

810 

652

530 

476

525

604 

508

430 

4,090

1,550

1,340

791

558

440

372

354

300

274

244

 240

224 

216

185

Aug.

185

185

167

167

156

149

149 

149 

149 

167

224

354

308

265 

152

178 

156

149

156

178

450

274

208

189

163

182

163

146

146 

128

142

Sept.

128

138

182

1,210

3,060

1,150

1,770 

1,180 

810

658

525 

610

765

1,720 

1,160

670 

525

470

358

326

295

269

253

286

420

386

367

326

552 

498

Oct.

367

304

253

224

212

189

200 

196 

185 

178

178 

170

160

160 

160

163 

160

160

160

1A.Q

140

182

322

514

344

282

278

278

261 

257

236

Nov.

248

236

236

236

248

257

236 

236 

216 

216

236 

240

257

240 

257

265 

308

300

300

340

300

274

OQK

340

435

520

552

1,400 

1,680

\

Dec.

1,570

70S

784

QQK

928

1 460

i, 030 

1,700 

1,400 

991

.....

.....

"

,

4. Qflft

3,220

1,680

2

AA{\

9,220 

19,700

9,150

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve well defined between discharges 

65 and 23,000 second-feet (gage heights 1.6 and 15.0 feet). Daily discharge Jan. 1, 2,10 to 13, Feb. 7 to 16, 

and Dec. 11 to 24, estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records and discharge of adjacent drainage 

areas. Mean discharge Feb. 7 to 16 estimated 1,760 second-feet, varying from about 900 to 5,000 secondfeet. Mean discharge Dec. 11 to 24 estimated 665 second-feet, varying from about 400 to 2,000 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Kiskiminitas River at Avonmore, Pa., for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 1,750 square miles.]

Month.

March...................................

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

September. .............................

November. .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

39,100 

51,900 

33,300 

13,200 

3,680 

10,800 

4,090 

450 

3,060 

514 

1,680 

19,700

51,900

Minimum.

200

1,210 

492 

1,030 

921 

185 

128 

128 

149 

216

128

Mean.

9,630 

11,200 

6,910 

2,700 

1,820 

2,860 

701 

191 

702 

227 

375 

2,330

3,260

Per 

square 

mile.

5.50 

6.40 

3.95 

1.54 

1.04 

1.63 

.401 

.109 

.401 

.130 

.214 

1.33

1.86

Run-ofl 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

6.34 

6.66 

4.55 

1.72 

1.20 

1.82 

.46 

.13 

.45 

.15 

.24 

1.53

25.25

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

C.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge for notes relative to periods during which discharge 

was estimated.

50017° WSP 283 12 3
34 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1910, PABT HE.

BLACKLICK CHEEK AT BLACKLICK, PA.

This station was established by the United States Geological Survey at the highway bridge about one-fourth mile from the railroad 

station August 16, 1904; was discontinued July 15, 1906; and was 

reestablished January 8, 1907, by the Water Supply Commission of 

Pennsylvania, by which the records of gage height in the following 

table are furnished.

The station is about 6 miles above the junction of Blacklick Creek 

with Conemaugh River and about 1 mile below the junction of Blacklick and Two Lick creeks.

The channel is obstructed by ice for short periods during the winter 

months. The datum of the gage has remained constant during the 

maintenance of the station.

Changes in rating curves necessitated by construction work on 

bridge to which gage is attached have been discussed in WaterSupply Paper 263.

The gage chain was found to be 0.03 foot too long and was adjusted to its proper length on March 1, 1910. The last previous 

inspection of this station was made September 24, 1908. '

The following discharge measurement was made by K. C. Grant:

March 1, 1910: Width, 208 feet; area, 1,500 square feet; gage height, 7.94 feet; 

discharge, 7,180 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Blacklick Creek at Blacklick, Pa., for 1910.

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.44

2.87

4.69

4.65

4.05

5.47

5il5

5.27

7.63

7 19

6.51

6.33

6.43

6

*}A

5.52

4.51

3.81

10.15

8.35

5.76

7.11

7.16

e OQ

4.81

4.37

3 O7

5.01

4 64

4.21 

3.86

3.79

Feb.

3.57

3.44

3.63

3.67

3.56

3.33

3.23

3.32

3.37

S

en

3.55

3.45

3.53

3 A<\

3.37

5.37

5.88

5.01

4.31

4 05

4.69

5.96

5.35

4.61

4.35

4.07

6.01

9 97

.......

Mar.

8

OQ

7.28

7.06

6 10

5.95

5

0A

6.24

5.10

4.53

4.16

3.95

3.82

3.70

3

OO

3.66

3 44

3

O.J

3.32

3

AK

3.66

3.54

3 44

3.39

3

0 A

3 OK

3.16

3.02

2.96 

2.97

2.92

Apr.

2.88

2.82

2 77

2.74

2.76

2.74

2

7O

2.68

2.66

2.62

2.56

2.53

2

EA

2 en

2.48

2

CQ

2.68

3

A\-

3 TO

3.79

4.54

4.24

3 CO

3.78

6.03

S

en

4.76

4.27

4.00

3.88

May.

3.63

3.42

3.34

3.40

3.24

3.10

3

AO

2 Oft

2.99

3.00

3.01

3.32

3

ne

2 GO

2.84

2.80

2.74

9' O9

3.02

2

07

3.56

3.86

3.56

3.39

4.05

3.86

3.56

3.38

3.22 

3.13

3.22

June.

3.34

3.49

3.38

3.22

3.14

3.79

3.56

3.38

3.22

3.72

3.84

3.72

3.52

3.37

3.25

3.58

3.38

3.23

3.18

3.04

2.91

2.76

2.72

2.60

2.52

2.46

2.41

2.66

2.79

2.57

July.

2.46

2.38

2.38

2.33

2.30

2.28

2.35

2. 40

2.34

2.32

2.28

2.24

2.35

2.40

2.33

4.56

4.10

3.22

2.78

2.61

2.47

2.38

2.34

2.30

2 97

2.24

2 22

2.22

2.18 

2.18

2.15

Aug.

2.12

2.09

2.06

2.05

 2.04

2.04

2.04

2.06

2.03

2.14

2.30

2.38

2.26

2.19

2.12

2.19

2.18

2.20

2 28

2.21

2.18

2.15

2.10

2.06

2.06

2.11

2.08

2.07

2.05 

2.06

2.03

Sept.

2.02

2.12

2.43

5.19

4.16

3.74

3.80

3.21

3.08

2.96

2.84

2.74

3.25

3.14

2.86

2.66

2.54

2.46

2.42

2.38

2.35

2.31

2.29

2.35

2.35

2.40

2.34

2.38

2.48 

2.32

Oct.

2.28

2.23

2.21

2.20

2.20

2.18

2.22

2.18

2.20

2.18

2.18

2.19

2.16

2.13

2.12

2.12

2.12

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.79

2.77

2.68

2.46

2.38

2.36

2.35

2.32 

2.30

2.30

Nov.

2 26

2.32

2.30

2.32

2.31

2.28

2.26

2.24

2.26

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.28

2.44

2.38

2.38

2.40

2.30

2.34

2 '33

2.40

2.41

2.48

2.56

2.81

2.72

2.-80

3.87 

3.38

Dec.

3.08

2.98

2.98

2.94

2.86

2.78

2.87

2.82

2.78

2.81

2.88

2.94

2.94

3.10

3.08

5».(B

3.01

3.00

3.16

3.56

3.66

3.62

3.54

4.60

4.25

3.92

3.76

8.65

6.00 

7.63

5.98

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice from about Jan. 8 to 15, Feb. 8 to 

16, and Dec. 7 to 28.
OHIO EIVBE BASIN. 35

Daily discharge, in seeemdrfeGt, of Blacklick'Creek at Blacklick, Pa., for 1910.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

122

268

1,610

1,570

1,010

2,540

2,130

1,430

813

12,300

8,080

2,950

5,380

5,490

2,440

1,740

1,290

941

1,960

1,560

1,150

853

798

Feb.

639

551

681

709

632

486

432

3,140

1,960

1,240

1,010

1,610

3,270

2,380

1,630

1,280

1,020

3,350

10,200

Mar.

7,910

5,740-

5,280

3,650

3,250

3,070

3,740

2,070

1,450

1,100

925

821

730

829

702

525

651

492

481

558

702

618

551

520

492

442

395

329

304

308

288

Apr.

248

230

219

226

219

212

198

192

179

159

150

140

idn

134

169

198

532

798

798

1,460

1,180

869

Ton

3,380

2,610

1,690

1,200

965

869

May.

681

538

492

525

437

365

329

312

316

320

324

481

342

288

256

240

219

288

329

268

632

853

632

520

1,010

853

632

514

426

380

426

June.

492

vet

<tii

426

798 632

514

426

745

837

7H5

604

508

442

646

514

432

405

338

284

226

212

172

146

' 128

113

192

236

162

July.

128

105

105

91

83

78

Qfi

110

<u

88

78

69

96

110

91

1 480

1^050

426

233

175

131

105

94

83

76

fid

64

64

55

55

48

Aug.

42

36

31

30

28

28

28

31

26

46

83

105

73

57

42

57

55

59

78

61

55

48

38

31

31

Af\

35

33

30

31

26

Sept.

24

19

2,180

1,100

760

SrtS

420

356

304

256

219

442

385

264

192

153

128

116

105

96

86

81

Qfi

Qfi

110

94

105

134

88

Oct.

78

66

61

59

59

55

64

55

59

55

55

57

51

44

42

42

42

38

38

38

38

236

230

loo

128

105

99

Ofl

88

83

83

Nov.

73

88

83

88

86

78

73

73

69

73

83

83

83

78

122

105

105

110

 99

94

88

110

113

134

159

244

212

240

639

514

Dec.

356

312

312

296

264

233

3,330

6,480

3,300

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve well defined between 7.5 and 

1,320 second-feet (gage heights 1.9 and 4.4 feet), poorly defined between discharges 1,420 and 7,290 secondfeet (gage heights 4.5 ana 8.0 feet), and an extension above discharge 7,510 second-feet (gage height 8.1 

feet). Daily discharge Jan. 8 to 15, Feb. 8 to 16, and Dec. 7 to 28 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records and discharge of adjacent drainage areas. Mean discharge Jan. 8 to 15 estimated about 

1,240 second-feet, varying from about 700 to 2,000 second-feet. Mean discharge Feb. 8 to 16 estimated 389 

second-feet, varying from about 200 to 1,000 second-feet. Mean discharge Dec. 7 to 28 estimated about 275 

second-feet, varying from about 120 to 1,000 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Blacklick Creek at Blacklick, Pa., for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 403 square miles.]

Month.

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

DnpRinhfira . .

T*ho TrtJflT

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

12,300 

10,200

7,910 

3,380 

1,010 

837 

1,480 

105 

2,180 

,236 

639 

6,480

12,300

Minimum.

122

288 

134 

219 

113 

48 

26 

24 

38 

69

24

Mean.

2,200 

1,420 

1,580 

681 

459 

429 

182 

45 

312 

78.8 

140 

675

680

Per, 

square 

mile.

5.46 

3.52 

3.92 

1.69 

1.14 

1.06 

.452 

.122 

.774 

- .196 

.347 

1.67

1.69

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

6.30 

3.66 

4.52 

1.89 

1.31 

1.18 

.52 

.14 

.86 

.23 

.39 

1.92

22.92

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

A.

A. 

A., 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

C.

a See footnotes to table of daily discharge for notes relative to periods during which discharge was 

estimated.
36 SUEFAOE WATEE SUPPLY, 1910, PART HE. 

MONONGAHEIiA RIVER BASINl 

GENERAL FEATURES.

The drainage basin of Monongahela River lies in the States of 

Pennsylvania, Maryland, and West Virginia. The river is formed in 

the east-central part of Marion County, W. Va., by the union of 

Tygart and West Fork rivers two streams whose headwaters drain 

the western slopes of the Allegheny Mountains. Prom this junction 

point it flows northeastward across the Pennsylvania State line to 

the mouth of Cheat River, thence northward, and unites with Allegheny River to form the Ohio at Pittsburgh, Pa. The river is 125 

miles long and its drainage area comprises about 7,350 square miles. 

It is navigable through its entire length by means of locks and dams.

The Tygart, also called Tygart Valley River, drains the country to 

the southeast of the head of Monongahela River; the West Fork, the 

country to the southwest. Tygart River rises in the southern part 

of Randolph County, W. Va., and flows northerly; the West Fork 

rises in the western part of Upshur County, W. Va., flows northwestward into Lewis County and thence in a slight northeasterly direction 

to its junction with the Tygart at Fairmont, W. Va. The Tygart is 

about 100 miles long (map measurement) and its drainage area above 

its mouth is about 1,420 square miles; the West Fork is about 70 

miles (map measurement) long and drains about 845 square miles.

The sources rof the West Fork head at an altitude of 1,500 feet 

above sea level; those of the Tygart at 3,500 feet. At Fairmont the 

Monongahela has an elevation of 860 feet, and at the mouth of the 

river at Pittsburgh the elevation is 692 feet above sea level.

The headwater country is mountainous, the slopes of the valleys 

are steep, and in many places precipitous, and the fall of the streams 

is rapid; farther down the country becomes less mountainous, but 

remains very rolling. The steep slopes and rocky soil of the upper 

country cause the heavy rains to run off rapidly, producing sudden 

and intense floods and a low flow in dry periods.

The headwater regions are covered with fine growths of hardwood 

timber, which are being rapidly lumbered. Below Fairmont the 

slope of the main stream is but little more than 1 foot per mile.

The basin is exceptionally rich in natural resources, as it is underlain by very valuable and extensive coal beds and contains oil and 

gas in abundance.

The important tributaries of the Monongahela, beginning at the 

head of the river and following down the east bank, are Cheat and 

Youghiogheny rivers; on the west bank are Buffalo and Tenmile 

creeks, neither of which is of much importance.

The country drained by Cheat and Youghiogheny rivers resembles 

that drained by Tygart and West Fork rivers, being mountainous and
OHIO EIVEE BASIN. 37

rough at the headwaters, losing the mountainous character as the 

rivers are descended, and continuing rolling and hilly to the junctions 

with the main stream.

This basin was at one time covered with forests, but the greater 

part of the timber has been cut off, and though some still remains at 

the headwaters, the area of timbered land is small when compared to 

the total area of the basin.

The mean annual rainfall on that portion of the basin in West 

Virginia is from 45 to 50 inches; on the portion in Pennsylvania it 

is 40 to 45 inches. The winters in the southern part of the basin are 

comparatively mild. The snowfall is light and does not last long^ 

and ice does not form very thick. In the northern part of the basin 

ice forms about a foot in thickness during severe winters, but in ordinary winters it is not very thick and it causes little trouble in floods.

The tributaries of Monongahela River afford a number of reservoir 

sites, some of which would store an immense quantity of water.

Fuel is so cheap and abundant in the drainage basin that little 

water power has been developed, although the main stream and its 

tributaries afford good opportunities. At the dams on the main 

stream a fall of about 140 feet is available for use. The low flow 

during dry spells is unfavorable for water-power development.

TYGABT BIVEB AT BELINGTON, W. VA.

This station, which is located at the highway bridge at Belington, 

W. Va., was established June 5, 1907.

Mill Creek is tributary one-fourth mile below the gage.

In general the winters are mild. Ice may affect the relation of 

gage height to discharge for two or three weeks at a time during 

December, January, and February.

The records are reliable and accurate. The datum of the chain 

gage attached to the bridge has remained unchanged.

Discharge measurements of Tygart River at Belington, W. Va., in 1910.

Date.

Feb. 17

20

20

Aug 22

Oct 10

Hydrographer.

C.T. Bailey...............................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do......................................................

Width.

Feet. 

213

200

9flft

180

178

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

1,560

813

757

212

194

9,

Feet. 

9. OS

5.46

5.15

2.44

2.29

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5,360

1,420

l!,100

75". 5

32.4
38 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1910, PABT HI.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tygart River at Relington, W. Fa., for 1910. 

[3. A. Campbell, observer.]

Day.

1........ .......

2.*.............

3...............

4...............

5...............

£::::::::::::::

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19............... 

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

2§...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.6

4.1

11.4

10.3

6.6

5.6

9.3

8.3

7.5

4.8

4.1

3.9

3.9

4.8

6.4

4.9

4.6

5.3

10.8

7.5

5.8

8.0

7.5

5.2

4.6

4.2

5.0

6.8

5.7

5.4

4.6

Feb.

4.2

3.8

4.3

5.0

5.0

5.2

6.8

6.2

6.2

7 o

7.9

8.3

7.8

7.8

7

O

10.6

9 0

8 A

7.1 

5.5

5.2

fi fi

Q 9

6.1

5.1

4.6

4.4

4.1

Mar.

4. Q

5.4

5.0

4.7

4.4

4.2

4.0

3 9

3.7

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3

0

3.3

3.2

3

0

3

1

3.3

3

0

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3 1

3.0

3.0

Apr.

3.0

3 fl

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.2

3 1

3.2

3.1

3 A

3.0

3 A

3.0

3.3

3

C

3.4

3

4

3.4

3.8 

4 0

4.0

4 6

1 1

4.8

6.6

5.9

5.4

4.8

4.4

4.0

May.

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.6

4.1

4.0

5.4

8.3

5.9

5.4

4.2

3 d

3.8

3.7 

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.4

3 A

4.3

5.1

4. A.

4.0

3

0

3.5

3.5

June.

3.7

4 f,

A. fi

5.0

5.3

8.8

7 9

5.7

4.8

A 0

5.3

6.8

7.2

6.3

5 7

10.35

14.15

11.5

11.4 

11.4

6.5

6.5

4. a

4.0

3.9

3.5

3.4

4.0

3.3

July.

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.3

3.6

3 d

3.4

3.6

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.2

4.0

5.5

4.7

4.1

4.1

4.4

4.2 

3.7

3.3

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.8

2 0

3.2

3.0

Aug.

3.0

2

0

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.0 

2.1

2.1

2

K

2 ft

2.4

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

Sept.

2.2

 99

2.3

2.3 2.8'

3.0

3.3

3.0

2.9

9 S

2 7

9 fi

2.5

3.0

3.4

3.0

2

O

2.7

2.6 

2.5

9 1

2.4

2 4.

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.5

3.0

3.0

Oct.

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.3

2 9

2.2

2.2

9 9

2.7

2

ft

2.4

2.4

2

0

2.3

2 9

2.2

2.2. 

2.2

2.1

2.2

2

0

2.2

2,7

2.5

2.5

2.5

9 fi

2.7

2.8

Nov.

2.7

2 7

2.7

2 7

2.7

2.6

2 ft

2.5

2.5

O K

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.3

9 Q

2.4

2

0

2.4

2.4 

2.4

2 A

2.4

2 A

2.4

2.5

2.8

2.8

3.3

5.4

4.2

Dec.

3.9

3 7

3.8

3.5

3.1

3.8

3 7

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.2 

3.8

4.3

3.8

3.6

4.8

6.6

6.4

5.4

4.7

4.6

7.4

' 7.8

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 1 and 2, Feb. 5 to 16, and Dec. 6 

to 24. Observer reported ice gorged Feb. 10 to 16.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tygart River at Belington, W. Va.,for 1907-1910.

Day.

1907.

1

2

3

4 .

5...

6...

7...

8...

9...

10...

11...

12...

13...

14...

15...

June.

850

1,500

1,130

1,020

6,410

2,300

1,370

1,130

4,730

5,610

7,470

July.

363'

14fi <)TtU

1,500

1,190

644

363

452

644

959

4,620

1,700

3,050

3,520

3,320

1,190

Aug.

546

321

282

213

282

321

246

246

156

363

595

452

321

246

213

Sept.

183

213

246

363

904

644

363

213

183

132

213

595

644

407

282

Oct.

246

g-IO £iL3

183

213

1,500

1,020

694

1,070

1,630

1,250

745

595

407

321

282

Nov.

RAA U*t

595

1 Lf£<J\J 9^

2,000

1,700

1,310

3,620

2,620

2,000

2,230

2,790

1,850

1,310

797

694

Dec.

546

JCO TtO*

363

321

407

452

407

363

321

1,250

4,310

2,000

1,370

1,780

4,730

Day.

1907.

16...

17...

18...

19...

20...

21...

22...

23...

24..;

25...

26...

27...

28...

29...

30...

31

June.

6,870

1,310

1,070

595

546

498

363

321

282

797

644

452

363

321

246

July.

644

2,620

16,500

1,920

1,500

1,130

644

850

797

904

904

850

644

1,190

1,020

904

Aug.

183

246

363

282

246

183

132

213

5,500

4,010

1,070

644

498

363

282

246

Sept.

246

qol OA±

246

1,070

644

452

321

213

363

498

246

183

156

183

213

Oct.

213

213

94A 43x)

213

183

156

156

132

132

132

110

156

363

2,150

1,920

1,630

Nov.

546

498

407

363

321

246

282

321

1,850

3,230

1,920

1.310

904

745

546

Dec.

2,620

1,920

1,190

959

850

694

546

644

4,730

2,620

1,780

959

745

694

959

1,190
OHIO BIVEB BASIN. 39 

Do% discharge, in second-feet, of Tygart Rivet at, Belington, W. Fa., for 1907-1910.

Day.

1908. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23. .. . ......

24...............

26...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

1909. 

1........ .......

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

91

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1,070

959

850

694

797

904

746

1,920

2,460

2,300

2,070

5,500

7,230

3,620

1,700

1,190

1,020

850

745

694

745

850

1,700

1,500

1,370

694

2,000

2,230

1,560

1,370

850

183

452

407

183

156

156

452

321

282

246

183

156

183

282

2,070

2,540

2,070

1,630

694

595

595

498

407

363

363

363

321

282

246

220

200

Feb.

745

1,850

1,700

1,440

1,310

2,620

2,790

1,920

1,560

1,020

904

1,920

4,520

6,060

5,950

8,920

2,620

1,920

1,310

1,250

1,070

797

644

595

498

546

850

745

595

180

160

140

250

300

546

644

904

595

1,630

2,870

1,440

959

1,070

1,250

1,310

1,850

1,440

1,070

959

1,130

1,440

1,370

1,370

2,300

1,850

1,560

1,370

Mar.

797

8,190

4,520

2,460

1,500

1,920

3,910

2,790

2,540

2,380

2,070

1,310

1,070

904

850

904

850

959

1,630

3,710

2,150

1,190

1,020

959

850

745

595

644

904

2,150

2,070

1,130

959

797-

1,850

1,440

1,190

1,630

3,230

2,300

2,000

1,780

1,130

850

904

1,070

850

745

595

452

498

AQQ

452

452

407

452

694

1,250

1,630

1,850

1,440

1.190

Apr.

5,610

3,230

2,540

1,630

1,070

904

745

797

2,960

3,140

4,310

4,110

2,230

1,310

959

i ion

2,300

1,500

1,630

2,150

1,560

1,020

850

546

498

644

694

745

595

IwUS

1,020

850

1,190

1,560

1,850

2,000

1,440

1,070

74fi

595

546

452

407

2,960

5,390

1,920

1,130

850

595

IwUS

I

QErt

3,520

3,620

4,310

2,540

1,560

1,560

1,310

1,370

1,130

May.

498

546

644

745

4,310

6,410

3,320

6,300

3,230

6,520

5,950

2,300

1,500

850

745

1,630

1,130

694

959

2,790

3,620

2,870

1,920

1,070

904

2,070

1,250

850

644

3,710

1,920

1,560

1,440

1,190

1,310

1,190

CUM

850

595

546

452

694

850

644

546

452

363

321

246

183

183

213

282

282

282

246

213

213

246

282

246

183

June.

959

644

546

595

2,000

1,070

694

546

363

282

213

246

213

183

246

282

321

183

156

213

246

282

213

183

156

156

132

132

110

on

132

213

282

183

183

1,130

694

1,020

2,540

1,370

1,630

1,310

1,070

745

595

694

694

2,960

1,560

1,070

452

363

246

213

183

156

110

321

321

213

July.

73

59

47

213

904

498

321

246

213

183

156

90

110

90

183

132

90

183

321

156

132

246

246

282

546

1,700

2,460

904

644

4A7

282

407

246

156

156

110

73

73

73

73

73

59

47

47

47

73

110

90

73

59

59

59

47

73

183

183

156

110

110

90

90

3,520

Aug.

183

132

36

90

156

246

110

110

132

156

132

156

90

73

59

47

47

47

36

36

36

36

36

18

47

47

59

90

73

47

2,070

644

452

282

213

156

183

132

90

90

73

73

59

47

47

452

904

644

363

246

321

282

246

183

132

90

73

73

59

26

132

Sept.

36

36

26

26

26

26

26

IS

18

18

18

18

18

18

IS

12

12

12

12

12

12

.7

7

7

7

7

7

7

12

90

73

59

73

73

90

90

73

73

90

694

498

183

110

90

850

1,700

407

321

183

132

110

90

321

110

156

183

156

132

110

Oct.

12

12

12

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

4

4

4

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

12

7

90

73

73

59

59

47

47

47

47

47

36

282

595

321

213

321

246

321

595

745

850

452

407

5,720

2,070

1,190

644

595

452

363

321

Nov.

7

7

12

7

IS

26

36

26

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

18

IS

18-

IS

18

18

26

246

213

246

213

156

156

156

132

132

2,960

2,230

1,250

797

644

407

363

321

282

246

246

213

213

246

282

595

498

407

363

282

282

Dec.

26

26

26

26

26

36

36

36

36

36

47

73

132

183

156

110

90

73

73

132

183

110

132

110

90

90

90

90

90

90

156

282

246

246

213

213

183

213

213

213

183

183

183

183

850

1,310

850

595

452
40 STTBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PAET HI.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tygart River at Belington, W. Va., for 1907-1910 Con.

Day.

1910. 

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5............... 

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26................

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

100

400

7,110

5,840

2,230 

1,500

4,730

3,710

2,960

1,020

644

546

546

1,020

2,070

1,070

QfU

1,310

6,410

2,960

1,630

3,420

2,960

1,250

904

694

1,130

9 ^ftfl

1,560

1,370

(¥14

Feb.

694

498

745

1,130

4,410

3,810

2,620

1,440

1,250

2,380

3,620

1,850

1,190

904

707

644

Mar.

1,070

1,370

1,130

959

797 

694

595

546

452

363

363

363

321

321

321

321

282

282

246

246

213

282

282

246

246

246

213

213

213

183

IfiS

Apr.

183

183

183

183

246 

246

213

246

213

183

183

183

183

282

363

321

321

321

AOR

505

595

904

1 ion

1,020

2,230

1,700

1,370

1,020

7O7

595

May.

498

407 363'

407

321

246

246

246

407

644

595

1,370

3,710

1,700

1,370

694

546

498

452

407

4TI7

363

321

321

745

1,190

707

595

iOS

363

363

June.

452

850

1,020

1,130

1,310 

4,210

3,320

1,560

1,020

1,020

1,310

2,380

2,700

2,000

1,560

5,890

10,500

7,230

7,110

7,110

2,150

2,150

1,780

-1,020

595

546

363

321

595

282

July.

213

213

183

282

407 

546

321

407

546

498

498

246

595

1,440

959

644

644

797

694

452

282

246

183

132

132

110

90

132

156

246

183

Aug.

183

132

90

110

90 

90

90

73

59

73

59

59

47

59

59

36

36

36

18

26

26

73

on

59

90

90

59

47

36

36

36

Sept.

36

36

47

 47

132 

183

282

183

156

132

110

90

73

183

321

183

132

110

on

73

73

59

59

47

47

47

47

73

183

183

Oct.

132

90

73

73

59

47

36

36

36

36

110

90

59

59

47

47

36

36

36

36

26

36

36

36

110

73

73

73

90

110

132

Nov.

110

110

110

110

110 

90

90

73

73

73

73

73

59

47

47

,59

47

59

59

59

59

59

59

59

73

132

132

282

1,370

694

Dec.

546

452

498

363

213

2,230

2,070

1,370

OKA

QfU

2,870

3,230

NOTE . Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve poorly defined up to 36 secondfeet (gage height 2.2 feet); well denned between 47 and 2.150 second-feet (gage height 2.3 and 6.5 feet), and 

poorly defined above 2,230 second-feet (gage height 6.6 feet). No notes relative to ice were kept by the 

gage observer during 1907 and 1908. From a study of climatologic data for the winter periods it appears 

that the relation of gage height to discharge was not affected by ice during 1907 and 1908. Daily discharge 

determinations for November, 1908, are probably much too high.

Daily discharge Jan. 30 to Feb. 5,1909 and Dec. 19 to 31,1909, estimated because of ice, from climatologic records and runoff in adjacent drainage areas. Mean discharge Dec. 19 to 31, 1909, estimated 135 

second-feet.

Daily discharge Jan. 1 and 2, Feb. 5 to 16, and Dec. 6 to 24,1910, estimated, because of ice, from elimatologic records, discharge of adjacent drainage areas, and gage observer's notes. Mean discharge Feb. 5 to 

16,1910, estimated about 833 second-feet, varying from about 400 to 3,000 second-feet. Mean discharge 

Dec. 6 to 24,1910, estimated about 100 second-feet, varying from about 50 to 300 second-feet.
OHIO EIVER BASIN. 41

>e of Tygart River at Belington, W. Fa., for 1907-1910. 

[Drainage area, 390 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

July.....................................

November ..............................

1908.

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

October. ................................

November. .............................

1909.

March.....

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

September ..............................

October. ................................

December. ..............................

1910.

February. ..............................

April....................................

May.....................................

June. ...................................

July.....................................

August.... ..............................

September. .............................

November. .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

7,470 

16,500 

6,500 

1,070 

. 2,150 

3,620 

4,730

7,230 

8,920 

8,190 

6,610 

6,520 

2,000 

2,460 

246 

36 

12 

36 

183

8,920

2,540 

2,870 

3,230 

6,390 

1,560 

2,960 

3,520 

2,070 

' 1,700 

6,720 

2,960 

1,310

6,720

7,110 

4,410

1,370 

2,230 

3,710 

10,500 

1,440 

183 

321 

132 

1,370 

3,230

10,500

Minimum.

246 

363 

132 

132 

110 

246 

321

694 

498 

595 

498 

498 

90 

47 

18 

7 

7 

7 

26

7

156 

ol40 

407 

407 

183 

110 

47 

26 

59 

36 

132

6100

183 

183 

246 

282 

90 

18 

36 

26 

47

18

Mean.

1,850 

1,840 

621 

365 

596 

. 1,300 

1,360

1,680 

2,020 

1,890 

1,730 

2] 320 

388 

391 

83.8 

17.2 

7.35 

18.1 

84.2

884

552 

1,140 

1,150 

1,660 

557 

755 

217 

285 

244 

559 

493 

276

652

2,110 

1,360 

437 

558 

680 

2,450 

402 

66.7 

114 

63.5 

148 

568

740

Per 

square 

mile.

474 

472 

1.59 

.936 

1.53 

3.33 

3.49

4.31 

6.18 

4.85 

4.44 

5.95 

.995 

1.00 

.216 

.044 

.019 

.046 

.216

2.27

1.42 

2.92 

2.96 

4.26 

1.43 

1.94 

.556 

.731 

.626 

1.43 

1.26 

.708

1.67

6.41 

3.49 

1.12 

1.43 

1.74 

6.28 

1.03 

.171 

' .292 

.163 

.379 

1-46

1.90

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

458 

5.44 

1.83 

1.04 

1.76 

3.72 

4.02

4.97 

5.59 

5.59 

4.95 

6.86 

1.11 

1.15 

^.25 

.05 

.02 

.05 

.25

30.84

1.64 

3.04 

3.40 

476 

1.65 

2.16 

.64 

.84 

.70 

1.66 

1.41 

.82

22.70

6.24 

3.63 

1.29 

1.60 

2.01 

7.01 

1.19 

.20 

.33 

.19 

.42 

1.68

25.79

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

C.

B. 

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

C.

B. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

D.

a February, 1909, minimum discharge estimated. 

& January, 1910, minimum discharge estimated.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily discharge for notes relative to estimated periods.
42 SUBFAOE WATEB SUPPLY, 1910, PAET DJ. 

TYGABT RIVER AT FETTERMAN, W. VA.

This station, which is located at the highway bridges at Fetterman, 

W. Va., was established June 3, 1907, to obtain data for use in studying water-power, water-supply, pollution, flood-control, and storage 

problems.

Otter Creek is tributary from the west about three-fourths mile 

below the station.

The winters are mild; ice may exist for short periods during January, February, and December.

The records are reliable and accurate.

The datum of the chain gage attached to the bridge has not been 

changed.

Discharge measurements of Tygart River at Fetterman, W. Va., in 1910.

Date.

Feb. 18

19

21

Aug. 20 Oct. 8

Hydrographer.

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

Width.

Feet. 

271

271

271

65

92

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

2,930

2,470

2,040

61.2

95.3

height.

Feet. 

9.56

7.85

6.35

3.05

3.24

Dfecharge

Sec.-fl. 

11.800

7^470

4,020

o70.1 ol22

a Measurements Aug. 20 and Oct. 8 not at regular section.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tygart River at Fetterman, W. Va.,for 1910. 

[Joseph Gerken, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17................

18...............

19...............

20...............

21............... 22.:.............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.9

13.4

13.25

9.3

7.15

12.95

10.25

7.8

6.4

5.45

5.05

5.0

7.35

8.25

7.0

6.1

9.3

13.8

10.05

8.9

Q (K

7.8

6.5

5.85

5.55

7.75

9 0

7.4

6.5

5.95

Feb.

5.6

5.2

6.1

6.7

6.35

6.2

6.15

5.95

5.6

5.95

6.. 65

7.15

8.05

8.3

8.15

7.8

9.7

9.45

8.25

7.4

6.65

8 9

10.15

7.6

6.4

5.75

5.4

5.4

Mar.

5.75

6.1

5.95

5.65

5.4

5.15

5.05

4.95

4.75

4.65

4.55

4.5

4.4

4.35

425

4.2

4 O

4.15

4.1

4.1

f 1

4.15

4.1

4.05

4.0

4 0

4.0

4.0

4 0

4.0

Apr.

3.95

3.9

3.9

3.9

4.05

4.15

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.05

4.0

4.0

4.0

4 0

A 9

4.25

4.2

4 or

4.35

4.45

4.65

4 95

5.55

5.85

6

0

6.5

5.9

5.55

5.2

4 9

May.

4.7

4.55

4.45

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.25

4.2

4.4

4.8

4.95

6.25

Q Q

7.15

5.9

5.35

5.0

A QK

4.7

4 6

4.55

4.5

4.4

A Ifi

4.75

5.55

5.5

5.15

4 9

A Q

4.6

June."

4.7

5.05

5.7

6.05

5.65

8.5

9.2

6.85

6.2

5.75

5.9

6.05

6.5

6.35

6.0

8.6

14.5

11.35

11.65

12.7

8.25

6 «s

6 0

5.7

5.25

4 9

4 7

4.5

A OR

4.3

July.

4.30

4.1

4.3

4.6

4.85

4.75

465

5.3

4.95

4.6

4.4

4.3

A OK

5.25

5.45

5.0

4.7

4.55

4.4

A OK

4.3

41

3 9

3

O

3.5 3 45

3.5

4.15

Aug.

4.35

3.95

3.7

3.55

3.45

3.45

3.45

3.45

3.45

3.45

3.4

3.2

3.15

3.1

3.05

3.25

3.2

3

1

3.0

2.9

9 Qfi

9 Q

9 Q

2 85

3 A

3.3

3.15

3 1

3

r\

3 A

Sept.

3.1

3.25

3.35

3.6

3.55

3.55

3.95

4 0

3.9

3.7

3.65

3.6

3.65

4 4

4.15

4.1

3 9

3.75

3.65

3.55

3

e

3 45

Q A

3.4

Q q

3

*

Q 9

3 1C

3

f\K

3

0

Oct.

3.55

3.6

3.45

3.4

3.45

3.3

3.2

3.3

3.15

3.1

3.1

3.1

3 1

3.05

3.05

3.15

3.1

3

1

3.1

3.1

 { A

3 rt

3 fi

 { A

 { A

 { A

3 AS

3 1

 { 1

3

0

3.5

Nov.

3.7

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.65

3.7

3

ty

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.45

3.4

3.4

3.4

Q A

3

1

3.4

Q AS

4 4

5.9

5.7

Dee.

5.2

4.7

4.45

4.35

4.3

4.35

4.35

A 9

4.3

4.3

4 9

f

......

4.1

.....

4.4

6.0

Q Q

7

KK

6 9

R *>

5.7

7.75

9.15

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 1 and 2, Feb. 6 to 16. and Dec. 

6 to 24. Ice reported 3 to 7 inches thick Dec. 10 to 24; river reported open Dec. 25.
OHIO EIVEE BASIN. 43 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tygyrt River at Fetfemum, W. Fa., for 1907-1910.

Day.

1907. 

1....

2....

3.... 

4.... 

6....

6.\.. 

7.... 

8.... 

9.... 

10....

11.... 

12.... 

13.... 

14.... 

15....

June.

3,030 

2,850 

2,690

4,640 

4,190 

3,650 

12,700 

8,630

4,100 

3,560 

6,110 

18,000 

16,400

July.

2,080 

4,100 

4,640 

2,680 

1,660

1,110 

1,110 

978 

1,480 

9,290

7,690 

7,500 

7,500 

5,740 

3,380

Day.

1908. 

1. ..----.-..

2....

3....

4....

5....

6....

7....

g

9. . - -----

10....

11....

12....

13....

14....

15....

16....

17....

18....

19....

20....

21....

22....

23....

24....

25....

26....

27....

28....

29....

30.... 

31....

1....

2....

3....

4....

5....

6....

7....

8....

9....

10....

11....

12....

13....

14....

15....

1909.

Aug.

1,04C 

916 805

802 

663

1,2K 

1,18

1,04 

2,25C

3,74C 

1,9« 

l,18t 

SK 

653

Jan.

2,510 

2,420 

2,080 

1,900 

1,990

1,850 

1,740 

1,740 

1,400 

1,250

1,320 

8,720 

19,800 

11,400 

5,370

4,010 

3,470 

2,940 

2,770 

2,080

1,820 

2,160 

3,240 

3,299 

2,330

2,160 

6,200 

7,130 

5,190 

3,560 

2,680

384 

699 

859 

916 

978

916 

699 

978 

1,180 

859

916 

1,180 

1,110 

1,040 

6.660

Sept.

802 

750 

750 

750 

1,250

1,820 

1,180 

916 

750 

1,040

1,320 

1,740 

1,250 

978 

859

Feb.

 2,770 

2,680 

2,770 

3,380 

3,836

11,200 

7,970 

4,640 

3,030

2,680

2,250 

3,120 

9,290 

12,200 

17,900

20,300 

10,300 

5,090 

4,550 

5,550

4,370 

3,380 

2,940 

2,420 

2,160

3,030 

4,010 

3,380 

2,8&)

750 

670 

600 

750 

900

1,900 

2,940 

3,030

2,940 

6,200

8,440 

5,000 

3,920 

3,470 

3.470

Oct.

607 

607 

607 

607 

3,650

6,110 

2,770 

3,030 

8,440 

5,000

2,850 

2,080 

1,653 

1,400 

1,250

Mar.

3,470 

18,100 

13,000 

7,590 

4,820

5,740 

9,480 

7,970 

15,300 

11,300

7,690 

4,820 

3,830 

3,120 

2,850

2,680 

2,680 

2,590 

8,820 

10,000

6,660 

4,640 

3,380 

3,210 

2,850

2,510 

2,330 

2,080 

2,860 

6,76G 

9,486

3,290 

2,940 

3,830 

7,220 

5,830

4,460 

4,460 

6,110 

5,920 

5,090

4,730 

3,740 

2,940 

2,850 

3.210

Nov. Dec. Day. .

2,150 1,570 1 

2,680 1,400 1 

6,110 1,320 1 

6,760 1,110 1 

5,280 1,040 '4

4,730 859 5 

8,820 802 ; 

9,000 699 5 

6,480 978 '4 

5,460 4,910 '4

5,19014,600 i 

4,640 7,970 5 

3,500 4,550 '4 

2,680 7,220 ' 

2,08010,900 ;

Apr.

12,900 

11,500 

8,250 

5,740 

3,470

2,940 

2,420 

2,510 

7,870 

! 8,250

10,300 

13,400 

8,820 

4,640 

3,290

3,290 

4,370 

4,820 

4,100 

5,000

5,190 

3,470 

2,510 

2,080 

1,820

1,570 

1,400 

1,320 

2,770 

1,040 

.......

3,210 

2,940 

3,210

3,290 

4,820

5,370 

4,550 

3,210 

2,680 

2,420

1,900 

1,570 

1,480 

9,670

14.0001

May.

1,260 

1,400 

1,740 

3,030 

16,700

17,300 

14,100 

18,300 

12,100 

16,300

14,700 

8,250 

4,100 

3,210 

3,120

2,680 

3,470 

3,290 

4,730 

6,480

14,100 

9,200 

5,830 

4,010 

3,030

3,290 

2,770 

2,080 

1,480 

 1,110 

4,640

6,570 

10,300 

8,530 

5,190 

3,830

3,020 

2,770 

2,160 

1,570 

1,480

1,740 

1,650 

1,570 

1,480 

1.320

1907. 

6.... 

7.... 

6.... 

9.... 

20....

a....

22.... 

23....

26....

26.... 

27.... 

28.... 

29.... 

JO.... 

}!.... .

June.

2,85C 

1,82C 

1,40 

1,48C 

2,51C

2,68C 

1,57C 

1,11C 

916 

698

681 

62G 

607 

488 

52£

97S i,ne

 69S 

566 

48S

41*

384 

41$ 

52S 

48S

451 

415 

384 

354 

32e

52J

451 

566 

566 

1>18C

3,65C 

1,99C 

2.08C 

5,65C 

4,55C

9.00C

s;ooc

3,47C 

2,51C 

3.12C

rune.

8,910 

4,460 

3,030 

2,260 

1,400

1,320 

1,110 

1,110 

1,040 

2,590

1,110 

1,040 

978 

750 

802

July.

2,330 

16,600 

33,600 

23,300 

9,380

4,910 

2,850 

42,590 

3,290 

4,370

3,120 

3,120 

1,820 

1,110

1,480 

1,570

July.

268 

268 

268 

218 

268

802 

859 

750 

607 

488

384 

268 

296 

488 

488

418 

418 

607 

978 

1,040

653 

566 

978 

1,320 

2,080

4,820 

( 6,200 

4,100 

I 2,770 

t 1,996 

1,570

978 

802 

653 

566 

451

354 

296 

1 218 

195 

172

172 

1 196 

268 

243 

196

Aug.

526 

526 

525 

653

666

486 

451 

653 

8,340 

13,300

9,290 

3,920 

2,690 

1,650 

1,400 

978

Aug.

2, 

1, 

1, 

1,

859 

418 

296 

268 

268

243 

218 

384 

525 

323

296 

296 

268 

268 

268

243

21S 

218 

218 

196

172 

172 

153 

134 

134

134 

134 

103 

103 

92 

80

946 

480 

250 

040 

607

451 

384 

323 

296

268

218 

218 

195 

153 

153

Sept. Oct.

653 1,11C 

566 1,02C 

663 Sffi 

1,900 664 

1,820 607

1,110 607 

1,040 60" 

916 52J 

978 52f 

859 451

802 384 

, 653 451 

666 2,51t 

607 6,66( 

699 4,55( 

...... 3,12C

Sept.

118 

103 

118 

118 

103

92 

80 

77 

66 

63

60 

53 

50 

50 

46

40 

40 

32 

32 

32

32 

32 

32 

32 

32

32 

32 

32 

28 

25

218 

218 

243 

296 

323

243

218 

218 

218 

1,400

2,590

1,480 

978 

607 

488

Oct.

25 

25 

22 

20 

20

20 

20 

18 

16 

16

16 

18 

22

22 

20

20 

20 

20 

18 

16

16 

16 

16 

16 

16

14 

12 

12 

14 

16 

16

384

384 

354 

| 296 

268

218 

218 

172 

172

172

172 

384 

916 

869 

802

Nov.

1,740 

1,400 

1,180 

1,820 

1,820

1,820 

1,650 

> 1,480 

> 4,640 

7,220

I 5,740 

4,280 

) 2,940 

) 2,690 

) 1,990 

)......

Nov.

16 

16 

14 

12 

12

12 

12 

12 

12 

12

16 

16 

16 

16 

18

" 20 

20 

20 

20 

20

22

25 

25 

25 

25

32 

32 

32 

32 

33

802 

760 

663 

607 

607

5«6 

525 

461 

451 

2,940

7,220 

3,920 

2,680 

2,080 

1.650

Dec.

9,200 

5,370 

,3,830 

3,120 

2,590

1,900 

1,740 

3,120 

8,630 

7,780

4,460 

2,860 

2,590 

2,510 

2,260 

2,420

Dec.

32 

32 

32 

36 

40

50 

56 

80 

80 

63

63 

118 

296 

364 

418

525 

418 

323 

296 

384

323 

354 

364 

323 

323

296 

268 

268 

243 

243 

293

 sea 750

663 

607 

607

566 

666 

653 

607 

488

451 

607 

699 

2,080 

3.290
44 SUBFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1910, PABT HI.

Dotty discharge, in second-feet, of Tygcert River at Fetterman, W. Va;,for 1907-1910 Con.

Day.

1909. 

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...........'....

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26........ s......

27.......^......

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

1910. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9............... 10................

11...............

12...............

13...............

14............... 

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

10,200

8,910

6,480

3,380

2,940

2,590

2,330

2,080

2,330

2,420

1,480

1,250

1 '950 040

900

820

500

2,500

18,200

17,900

9,670

5,650

17,200

11,500

6,850

4,280

2,590

1,900

1,820

6,010

7,690

5,370

3,740

9.670

19, 100

11,100

8,910

10,900

6,850

4,460

3.290

2,770

6,760

9,100

6,110

4,460 

3,470

Feb.

9,670

8,530

6,010

4,640

3,920

3,470

4,370

4,550

8,160

11,100

6,760

4,820

!

Q QOA

9 sysrt

2,160

3,740

4,820

4 190

.......

10 400

9 QAA

7,690

6,110

4,730

8,910

n ifin

6,480

4,280

3,120

2,510

2,510

.......

Mar.

3,030

2,590

2,250

1,740

1,650

1,570

1,320

1,250

978

1,110

1,400

2,850

3,920

4,640

4,550

4 280

3,120

3,740

3,470

2,940

2,510

2,080

1,910

1,740 i dfifi

1,250

1,110

1,040

978

916 

859

750

699

fiQQ

653

607

607

.607

653

607

566

525

525

525

525

525 

525

Apr.

6,850

4,370

2,940

2,510

3,740

7,590

13,900

13,000

9,580

7,780

6,480

4,280

3,650

3.120

3,650

488

451

451

451

566

653

607

607

607

566

525

525

525

525 

699

750

fiQG

859

859

! Q7S

1 ^50

1,740

2,770

3,290

5,190

4,460

3,380

2,770

2,160

1,650

May.

1,110

978

699

488

525

566

653

699

699

653

525

607

1,040

859

653

566

1,320

1,110

978

916

802

802

750

699

916

1,480

1,740

4,010

8,910

5,650 

3,380

2,420

1,820

1,570

1,320

1,180

1,110

1,«40

916

859

1,400

2,770

2,680

2,080

1,650

1,480 

1,180

June.

3,210

2,250

10,700

5,920

3,290

2,160

1,250

1,040

859

750

653

607

1 650

1^990

1,180

1,320

1,900

3,030

3,650

2,940

8,160

9,480

5,090

3,920

3,120

3,380

3,650

4,460

4,190 

3,560

8,340

90 snfi

13,700

14,300

16,600

7,690

4,730

3,920

3,030

2,250

1,650

1,320

1,040

859

802

,

July.

243

323

296

268

195

172

153 -134

134

243

451

653

451

323

653

3,920

802

607

802

1,180

1,570

1,400

1,250

2,330

1,740

1,180

916

802

859

2,250 

2,590

1,820

1,320

1,110

916

859

802

607

451

" 384

268

218

195

172

153

218 

653

Aug.

268

802

1,900

1,320

802

699

1,180

802

607

451

354

296

218

1,250

750

243

859

488

323

243

195

195

195

195

195

195

172

103

92

SO 

72

118

103

80

63

50

56

50

50

45

63

134

92

80

73

63 

63

Sept.

418

4,550

1,400

1,040

750

451

384

323

451

1,320

1,180

699

607

488

451

80

118

153

268

243

243

488

525

451

323

296

268

296

916 

653

607

451

354

296

243

218

195

172

172

134

172

103

92

72

134

Oct.

607

451

653

653

1,570

1,990

1,740

3,210

16,700

13,300

6,940

4,100

2,330

1,650

1,250

1,110

243

268

195

172

195

134

103

134

92

80

80

80

80

72 

72

92

80

80

80

80

63

63

63

63

63

63

72

SO

80

103

218

Nov.

1,250

1,040

916

916

750

653

566

525

802

1,320

1,320

1,110

916

859

802

323

384

, 323

 323

323

323

323

323

323

268

296

323

323

268 

218

218

918

195

172

172

172

172

172

172

172

195

218

916

3,380

3,030

.......

Dec.

3,120

2,080

1,570

1,180

978

2,160

1.320

978

859

802

8,720

6,380

5,190

3,920

3,030

6,760 

9,380

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve that is fairly well defined 

below discharge 50 second-feet (gage height 2.9 feet), well defined between discharges 63 and 5,370 secondfeet (gage heights 3.0 and 7.0 feet), and fairly well defined above discharge 5,550 second-feet (gage height 7.1 

feet). Above discharge 24,300 second-feet (gage height 16 feet) the rating curve is extended on a tangent. 

No notes in regard to ice were kept by the gage observer during 1907 and 1908. Brom a study of climatologic 

data for the winter periods it appears that the relation of gage height to discharge was not affected by tee 

during 1907 and 1908.

Daily discharge Jan. 29 to Feb. 5,1909, and Dec. 21 to 31,1909, estimated because of ice, from climatologic 

records, run-off in adjacent drainage areas, and observer's notes.

Mean discharge Dec. 21 to 31,1909, estimated about 446 second-feet, varying from about 150 to 750 secondfeet.

Daily discharge Jan. 1 and 2, Feb. 6 to 15, and Dec. 6 to 24, 1910, estimated, because of ice, on basis 

of climatologic records, discharge of adjacent drainage areas, and gage observers notes. Mean discharge 

Feb. 6 to 16,1910. estimated about 2,240 second-feet, varying from about 1,400 to 4.000 second-feet. Mean 

discharge Dec. 6 to 24,1910, estimated about 463 second-feet, varying from about 250 to 1,800 second-feet.
OHIO BIVEE BASIN. 45

Monthly (Kseharge of Tygart River at Fetterman, W. Fa., for 1907-1910. 

[Drainage ares, 1,340 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

July....................................

September ..............................

December. ..............................

1908. 

January... ............. .......

April....................................

MftTr

July..... . . ....... ... .......

December. ..............................

The year........... ...............

1909. January... ..... .....

March...................................

April....................................

May....................................

July....................................

September. .............................

December. ..............................

 The year .

1910.

May....................................

July.. C... ..............................

October.................................

The year..........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

18,000 

33,600 

13,300 

1,900 

8,440 

9,000 

14,600

19,800 

20,300 

18,100 

13,400 

18,300 

2,850 

6,200 

859 

118 

25 

32 

525

20,300

10,200 

11,100 

7,220 

14,000 

10,300 

10,700 

3,920 

2,940 

4,550 

16,700 

7,220 

3,290

16,700

18,200 

11,300

3,740 

5,190 

8,910 

20,800 

2,590 

859 

916 

268 

3,380 

9,380

20,800

Minimum.

750 

978 

451 

566 

384 

1,180 

699

1,250 

2,160 

2,080 

1,040 

1,110 

323 

218 

80 

25 

12 

12 

32

12

384 

1600 

978 

1,480 

488 

451 

134 

153 

218 

172 

451

6500

525 

451 

699 

802 

153 

45 

72 

63 

172

45

Mean.

4,370 

5,690 

2,100 

999 

2,110 

3,940 

4,010

3,860 

5,660 

6,210 

5,040 

6,700 

932 

1,200 

248 

56.0 

18.0 

19.8 

225

2,510

2,240 

4,460 

3,410 

5,260 

2,080 

2,730 

464 

707 

808 

2,070 

1,320 

880

2,180

7,430 

4,300 

1,250 

1,370 

1,900 

5,430 

981 

154 

291 

108 

475 

1,820

2,110

Per 

square 

mile.

3.26 

4.25 

1.57 

.746 

1.57 

2.94 

2.99

2.88 

4.22 

4.63 

3.76 

5.00 

.696 

.896 

.185 

.042 

.013 

.015 

.168

1.87

1.67 

3.33 

2.54 

3.93 

1.55 

2.04 

.346 

.528 

.603 

1.54 

.985 

.657

1.63

5.54 

3.21 

.933 

1.02 

1.42 

4.05 

.732 

.115 .217" 

.081 

.354 

1.36

1.57

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.40 

4.90 

1.81 

.83 

1.81 

3.28 

3.45

3.32 

4.55 

5.34 

4.20 

5.76 

.78 

1.03 

.21 

.05 

.01 

.02 

.19

25.46

1.92

3.47 

2.93 

4.38 

1.79 

2.28 

.40 

.61 

*.67 

1.78 

1.10 

.76

22.09

ff" L . .

.6.39 

3.34 

1.08 

1.14 

1.64 

4.52 

.84 

.13 

.24 

.09 

.40 

1.57

21.38

Accuracy.

B^ 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

C.

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

C.

o February, 1909, minimum discharge estimated. 

& January, 1910, minimum discharge estimated.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge for notes relative to estimated periods. 

WEST FORK RIVER AT ENTERPRISE, W. VA.

This station, which is located at the highway bridge at Enterprise, 

W. Va., was established June 2, 1907.

Binghamton Creek is tributary from the west about 1 mile below 

the station.

Winters are mild and ice exists only for short periods, if at all.
46 SUEFAOE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PAET Ht.

A small dam is located at Worthington about 3 miles below the 

station, but backwater does not reach to the section, for, from December 5 to 12, 1908, when the gates at the dam were opened to let 

water out of the pond, no effect was produced at the gage. The gage 

reader states that during the summer of 1908 the only water running 

in the river was the pumpage from the numerous coal mines along 

the stream.

The datum of the Nchain gage, attached to the bridge, has remained 

unchanged. The records are reliable and accurate.

Discharge measurements of West Fork River at Enterprise, W. Va., in 1910.

Date.

Feb. 18

19

19

22

22

Aug. 17

Oct. 8

Hydrographer.

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

Width.

Feet. 

168

164

164

205

207

67

52

Area of 

section.

fftf

808

794

1,360

1,570

47.9

36.7

heigbt.

Feet. 

6,35

4.90

4.83

7.92

8.90

0.65

0.80

Discharge.

Sec.*ft.

3,850

2,2*0

1,990

5,780

7,170

11.2

22.0

Daily gage height, in feet, of West Fork River at Enterprise, W. Va.,for 1910. 

[Charles M. Tetrick, observer.]

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9.........'......

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

9.4

8.8

5.2

5.0

11.8

7.2

5.0

3.6

4.2

3.7

3.0

9.7

- 8.0

6.1

4.1

9

«

13.6

6.9

6.7

10.4

6.4

4.6

4.0

4.0

8.2

9.2

5.9

4.8

4.0

Feb.

3.8

3.3

4.0

5.5

5.4

5.0

3.7

3.7

3.1

3.6

4.3

5.0

5.8

5.7

7.8

9.1

6.8

4.8

4.0

4.6

' 7.7

8.6

5.5

4 Q

3.4

3.3

q O

Mar.

4.9

4.5

4.1

3.7

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.3

2 2

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

Apr.

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.6

l.fl

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

i fi

2.1

0 A

1 Q

2.6

9 ^

o o

2.1

2.0

May.

1.9

1 o

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.5

2.4

2.8

7.5

3.8

3.0

2.4

2.3

2.8

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.4

2

0

2.1

3.6

3.2

0 Q

2.6

2.4

2.3

June.

2 2

2.3

2.5

2.4

2.2

6.0

6.0

4.6

3.5

3.0

2.6

4.0

2.9

2.4

2.5

2.6

3.7

3.0

5.0

4.0

3 O

2.7

2.3

2 A

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.7

1.5

1.5

July.

1.5

1.5

2.0

3.5

2 2

2.0

3.3

3.3

3.2

2.6

2.0

2.2

2.6

4.0

3.3

2.6

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.1

1.0

1.3

1.3

i s

Aug.

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

0.9

0.9

0.8 J.o

1.0

.9

.9

.8

.7

.7

.7

.7

.8

.8

.7

.7

.8

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.8

.7

.7

Sept.

1.1

1.0

2.6

2.4

2.9

2.6

2.8

2.6

2.2

1.9

1.8

2.6

2.4

6.5

5.0

3.7

2.5

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.7

1.5

1.4 i s

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.9

1.5

Oct.

1.1

1.0

0.9

.9

.9

.9

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

1.8

1.0

1.8

1.6

1.5

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.4

NOT.

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.3

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.3

1.3

1.2

1 s

1.2

1.7

1.6

1.5

1 O

5.8

4.7

Dec.

3.3

2.7

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.8

2.7

9 fi

2.9

3.2

2.2

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

3.0

5.6

5.0

4.0

3.5

7.0

8 A

4.7

3.7

3.2 4; 5

6.8

6.5

NOTE.- 

6 to 19.

-Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 1 and 2, Feb. 10 to 15, and Dec.
OHIO EIVEE BASIN. 47 

Daily discharge, in second-fat, of West Fork Riser at Enterprise, W, Fa., for 1907-4910.

»ayt

1907. 

1....

2.... 

3.... 

4.... 

6....

6.... 

7....

8.... 

9.... 

10....

11.... 

12.... 

13.... 

14....

16....

June.

 -

2,090 

2,010 

1,230 

829

1,090 

1,030 

829 

2,010 

1,760

893 

649 

2,270 

6,940 

3,560

Day.

1908. 

1.... ------

2....

3....

4....

6....

6....

7....

3

9. ... ------

10..--

12....

13....

14....

15....

16..--

17-.--

18.... to

20.-..

a....

22 ...

23 ...

24....

25....

26....

27....

28....

.29-...

30

SL.. ........

1909. 

1.. ...-----

2....

3....

4....

6....

6....

7....

8....

9....

10....

11....

12....

11....

14....

16....

July. ,

\

99 

707 

1,300 

1,090 

767

227 

1,030 

1,030 

5,740 

2,180 1

7,180 1

4,740 2,ew

829 

707

Jan.

395 

350 

307 

227 

707

593 

540 

489 

1,530 

1,380

1,530 

1,840 

7,560 

4,850 

2,360

2,010 

1,760 

1,450 

1,230 

959

767 

707 

649 

593 

593

1,030 

3,880 

2,180 

1,840 

1,530

1,380

52 

36 

99 

155 

155

190 

155 

124 

124 

99

79 

350 

155 

124 

6.860

iag.

ftaa j&OO

227 

227 

190 

190

190 

350 

307 

227 

,630

,090 

649 

441 

266

227

Sept. Oct.

227 227 

190 227 

155 266 

540 307 

441 1,920

350 1,380 

227 1,030 

190 1,600 

155 1,090 

124 829

1,760 707 

3,670 593 

1,760 489 

707 350 

593 266

Feb.

1,230 

1,090 

959 

893 

14,100

4,960 

2,650 

1,840 

1,530 

1,380

1,160 

893

767 

707 

5,620

5,290 

3,560 

1,600 

1,380 

3,250

2,180 

1,760 

1,380 

1,230 

1,090

2,850 

2,360 

2,010 

1,760

400 

380 

350 

700 

1,200

1,380 

1,300 

1,230 

1,600 

5,620

3,990 

2,360 

2,010 

1,600 

1.300

Mar.

6,460 

12,800 

5,290

3,670 

2,180

3,150 

2,550 

2,180 

12,100 

7,180

3,460 

1,920 

1,450 

1,160 

1,030

893 

767 

707 

9,900 

4,850

2,270 

1,760 

1,300 

959

767

959 

829 

707 

3,670 

4,200 

4,200

2,010 

1,680 

1,030 

1,090 

3,360

1,530 

1,380 

1,230 

1,160 

1,030

1,680 

1,230 

1,090 

959 

649

Nov.

1,090 

5,740 

3,460 

2,650 

2,180

1,840 

1,530 

1,380 

1,160 

1,030

767 

593 

395 

350 

307

Apr.

6,080 

8,160 

5,290 

3,560 

1,680

1,030 

959 

829 

3,990 

3,460

3,670 

2,650 

1,760 

1,380 

1,160

893 

829 

829 

707 

649

767 

540 

441 

395 

350

307 

307 

266 

227 

190

1,230 

959 

707 

893 

1,230

959

707 

540 

441 

350

307 

266 

266 

3,880 

2.750

Dec.

489 

395 

350 

307 

266

227 

227 

190 

266 

489

7,300 

4,740 

3,150 

6,860 

6,*60

May.

227

707 

489 

2,180 

16,000

9,400 

8,280 

5,510 

7,670 

7,060

4,310 

2,360 

1,380 

829 

767

593

829 

1,300 

2,460 

2,270

8,400 

2,750 

1,920 

1,380 

1,160

1,090 

1,030 

707 

593 

441 

350

6,320 

4,200 

2,360 

1,760 

1,230

§29 

o93 

441 

350 

307

266 

227 

190 

190 

124

Day. J

1907. 

16.. -.1 

17... .1 

18.... 

19.... 

20....

21....

22.... 

23.... 

24.... 

25....

26.... 

27.... 

28.... 

29.... 

30.... 

31.... .

June.

395 

307 

227 

190 

155

124 

99

79 

79 

64

52

43 

30 

30

767

489 

307 

227 

190 

124

79 

64 

52 

43 

52

43 

36 

36 

190 

124

190 

155 

155 

155 

395

350

441 

395 

6,580 

2,010

2,460 

2,010 

1,760 

893 

1.600

luae.

,760 

,030 

649 

489 

395

350 

307 

227 

165 

99

124 

124 

124 

155 

99

July.

649 

441 

7,060 

5,860 

2,090

1,530 

767 

1,840 

1,230 

1,080

1,230 

767 

540 

350 

307 

227

July.

99 

64 

52 

43 

36

36 

36 

155 

99

64

52 

43 

36 

99

64

79 

52 

593 

227

649

307 

227 

155 

79

64

99 

441 

350 

266 

227 

227

489 

350 

190 

52 

79

79 

64 

62

43 

36

36 

30 

79 

124 

155

Aug. Sept. Oct.

227 441 266 

190 266 227 

155 227 190 

227 707 1«0 

350 767 155

266 489 155 

227 335 124 

707 307 99 

5,510 266 79 

3,980 227 64

2,750 227 64 

1,530 227 79 

1,030 155 1,090 

489 190 2,550 

395 227 1,760 

266 ...... 893

Aug.

190 

156

441 

227 

99

489 

266 

227 

190 

155

99 

64 

52 

52

43

36 

52 

36 

30 

30

25 

30 

36 

30 

25

25 

20 

20 

20 

20 

16

4® 

79 

64 

52 

43

64 

52 

43 

36 

30

25 

20 

20 

20 

43

Sept.

30 

25 

20 

16 

20

20 

20 

20 

16 

12

25 

20 

16 

12 

16

16 

25 

25 

25 

20

20 

25 

20 

16 

12

20 

25 

20 

16 

20

62 

43 

48 

43 

43

36 

36 

36 

36 

190

1,600 

829 

307 

155 

99

Oct.

20 

16 

20 

80 

20

25 

£0 

20 

£0 

16

20 

£0 

20 

20 

20

20 

20 

20 

20 

20

20 

20 

25 

25 

25

25 

25 

26 

20 

20 

20

43 

43 

36 

30 

30

25 

25 

30 

25 

25

25

43 

79 

64 

64

Nov.

307 

226 

395 

1,090 

1,030

893 

707 

693 

8,280 

5,860

2,550 

1,760 

829 

707 

540

Nov.

20 

20 

20 

20 

20

20 

20 

20 

20 

20

20 

20 

20 

20 

20

20 

20 

20 

20 

20

20 

20 

20 

20 

20

20 

20 

20 

20 

20

,09 

79 

79 

79 

99

79 

79 

64

64 

79

1,600 

893 

441 

307 

227

Dec.

4,200 

3,460 

2,270 

1,380 

1,230

1,080 

707 

593 

2,010 

1,380

1,230 

1,030 

767 

649 

707 

489

Dec.

20 

20 

20 

20 

20

-20 

20 

20 

82 

36

30 

30 

36 

30 

43

36 

30 

25 

43 

86

36 

43 

36 

36 

30

30 

99 

62 

43 

36 

30

79 

79 

79 

79 

79

«4 

79 

99 

124

227

155 

3,560 

1,840 

1,030 

767
48 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PART EH.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Fork River at Enterprise, W. Va.,for 1907-1910 

1 . Continued.

Day.

1909. 

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

1910. 

1..........

2..........

3.. ........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

,18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29.......... 

30.......... 

31..........

Jan.

3,560

2,010

3,560

1,450

893

593

540

395

1,600

I OAft

959

707

593

520

460

420

300

1,000

6 Qlfl

6,200

2,360

2,180

9 ami

4,420

2,180

1,090

1,530

1.160

707

7,300

5,290

3,250

1 450

7^180

12,200

4,090

3,880

8,160

3,560

1,840

1,380

1,380

5,510

6,700

3,050 

2,010 

1,380

Feb.

8,780

5,620

1,230

1,600

2,010

1,230

2,180

1,600

7,670

5,180

3,050

2,010

2,460

1,230

893

1,380

2,650

2,550

2,180

1,160

1,160

767

950

1,200

1 'soo 000

800

1,500

5,070

6,580

3,990

2,010

1,380

1 sun

4,960

5,970

2,650

1,300

959

893

829

Mar.

489

1,600

1 380

1^160

829

649

1,680

1,230

1,030

829

707

R1Q

593

1 600

l'300

1^090

2,090

1,760

1 450

1^160

829

707

IQQ

48Q

395

350

307

307

266

997

227

190 ion

ion

155

155

124

124

124

QQ

99

99

79

79 

79

Apr.

1,680

893

707

593

893

6,940

8,040

6,820

4,310

2,550

i s<m

1,380

1,030

707

593

79

79

99

124

99

QQ

99

QQ

79

64

64

64

64

64

64

64

7Q

79

7Q

7Q

155

266

227

155

48Q

350

307

266

227

May.

124

124

QQ

7Q

79

190

489

307

227

155

124

227

441

OCA

O.fl7

266

190

155

QQ

99

79

79

7Q

QQ

79

«mc

593

4 74rt

1 9 VI

707

395

350

593

OQC

350

307

266

395

307

9fifi

1,090

829

649

489 

395 

350

June.'

1,030

593

4,310

3,780

2,650

707

489

540

489

ISO

441

1,530

6,820

1,680

893

307

350

441

395

307

3,150

3,150

1 840

1^030

707

4RQ

1,380

649

QQC

441

AQQ

1,160

707

2 1Sft

1,380

1

OAA

540

350

227

QQ

79

124

79 

79

July.

227

190

124

155

124

79

64

52

43

70

124

99

79

64

99

124

79

79

227

1,030

307

227

893

893

829

489

997

307

489

1,380

893

489

307

266

227

227

155

99

79

64

52

52

36

30

52 

52 

52

Aug.

227

441

227

190

124

959

540

350

155

QQ

64'

52

43

36

52

52

64

43

36

36

30

30

25

25

20in

30

25

25

20

16

16

16

16

20

20

16

16

20

30

30

30

25

25

20 

16 

16

Sept.

79

64

52

43

43

43

36

36

36

7Q

43

36

64

11

52

36

30

AQQ

395

649

480

593

4ftQ

OA7

190

155

489

395

3,670

2 isn

1,160

441

OY17

OO7

ion

124

7Q

64

52

43

36

30

30

190 

79

Oct.

64

64

79

64

64

64

' 64

QQ

4,420

3,560

1,230

593

350

9A.7

155

155

36

30

OK

25

25

25

20

20

20

20

20

9n

9n

on

9n

20

20

20

OA

on

155

30 111

99

7Q

7Q

79

99 

79 

64

Nov.

190

155

124

99

99

79

79

70

79

QQ

155

124

99

QQ

QQ

997

227

155

124

99

64

52

52

43

36

52

124

QQ

99

7Q

52

52

43

52

43

191

QQ

70

190

2,950 

1,920

Dec.

649

593

500

390

280

200

150

120

110

110

inn

100

80

80

80

SO

893

540

350

350

307

270 9*;n

230

oqn

220

220

210

91 n

200

200

200

150

150

200

2

7KA

2

1QA

1,380

1,030

4,200

5,290

1,920

1,160

829

1,760 

3,990 

3,670

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve that is fairly well denned below 

649 second-feet (gage height 2.9 feet), well denned between 707 and 2,180 second-feet (gage heights 3.0 and 5.0 

feet), fairly well defined between 2,270 and 6,460 second-feet (gage heights 5.1 and 9.0feet), and is an extension 

above 6,460 second-feet (gage height 9.0 feet). No notes in regard to ice were kept by the gage observer during 

1907 and 1908. From a study ofclimatologic data for the winter periods it appears that the relation of gage 

height to discharge was not affected by ice during 1907 and 1908. Daily discharge Jan. 29 to Feb. 5,1908, 

and Dec. 18 to 31,1909, estimated, because of ice-from climatologic records, run-off in adjacent drainage 

areas, and gage observer's notes. Mean discharge Dec. 18 to 31,1909, estimated about 170 second-feet, varying from about 80 to 500 second-feet. Daily discharge Jan. 1 and Feb. 2, 10 to 15, and Dec. 6 to 19,1910, 

estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records, discharge of adjacent drainage areas, and observer's 

notes. Mean discharge Dec. 6 to 19,1910, estimated about 210 second-feet, varying from about 150 to 270 

second-feet.
OHIO EIVEE BASIN. 

i

Monthly discharge of West Fork River at Enterprise, W. Va., for 1907-1910. 

[Drainage area, 750 square miles.]

49

Month.

1907. 

June 2-30...............................

July....................................

September ..............................

October. ................................

November. . ............................

December. ..............................

1908.

February. ..............................

April. ..................................

Mav....... .............................

July....................................

September. .............................

October. ............................ v . .

December. ..............................

1909.

February ...............................

April...................................

May. ...................................

June. ...................................

July....................................

September. .............................

October.................................

1910.

February ...............................

March..................................

April...................................

May....................................

July... .................................

September ..............................

December. ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,940 

7,180 

5,510 

3,670 

2,550 

8,280 

7,300

7,550 

14,100 

12,800 

8,160 

16,000 

 767 

649 

489 

30 

25 

20 

99

16,000

5,860 

8,780 

3,360 

8,040 

6,320 

6,820 

489 

959 

1,600 

4,420 

1,600 

3,560

8,780

12,200 

6,580 

2,090 

489 

4,740 

3,150 

1,380 

64 

3,670 

155 

2,950 

5,290

12,200

Minimum.

99 

99 

155 

124 

64 

226 

190

227 

707 

707 

190 

227 

30 

36 

16 

12 

16 

20 

20

12

36

o350 

489 

266 

79 

155 

30 

20 

36 

25 

64 

64

20

0300 

767 

79 

64 

79 

79 

30 

16 

30 

20 

36

16

Mean.

1,150 

1,790 

796 

540 

621 

1,670 

1,740

1,520 

2,460 

3,400 

1,780 

3,050 

157 

162 

103 

19.8 

20.9 

20.0 

34.1

1,060

881 

2,500 

1,220 

1,820 

741 

1,530 

116 

139 

143 

384 

198 

386

824

3,860 

2,090 

426 

138 

522 

798 

342 

25.4 

454 

48.0 

253 

1,150

836

Per 

square 

mile.

1.53 

2.39 

1.06 

.720 

.828 

2.23 

2.32

2.03 

3.28 

4.53 

2.37 

4.07 

.209 

.216 

.137 

.026 

.028 

.027 

.046

1.41

1.17 

3.33 

1.63 

2.43 

.988 

2.04 

.155 

.185 

.191 

.512 

.264 

.515

1.10

5.15 

2.79 

.568 

.184 

.696 

1.06 

.456 

.034 

.605 

.064 

.337 

1.53

1,11

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

1.65 

2.76 

1.22 

.81 

.95 

2.49 

2.68

2.34 

3.54 

5.22 

2.64 

4.69 

.23 

.25 

.16 

.03 

.03 

.03 

.05

19.21

1.35 

3.47 

1.88 

2.71 

1.14 

2.28 

.18 

.21 

.21 

.59 

.29 

.59

14.90

5.94 

2.90 

.65 

.21 

.80 

1.18 

.53 

.04 

.68 

.07 

.38 

1.76

15.14

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

A. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

C.

B. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

C.

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

C.

a Estimated.

NoTE.*-See footnotes to tables of daily discharge for notes relative to periods for which discharge was 

estimated.

50017° WSP 283 12 4
50 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY. 1910. PART III. t '

CHEAT RIVER NEAR MORGANTOWN, W. VA.

This station, which was maintained from July 8 to December 30, 

1899, July 1 to December 29,1900, and August 21, 1902, to December 

31, 1905, was reestablished November 18, 1908, by F. W. Scheidenhelm, through whose courtesy the 1910 gage heights have been furnished to the United States Geological Survey for publication.

The staff gage for this station was originally located about 100 feet 

above the present location of Ice's ferry bridge at Uneva, W. Va., 

about 6 miles northeast of Morgantown and 10 miles above the mouth 

of Cheat River. The 1899 measurement was made from a cable 

which was located at tjie gage. During 1900 the cable was moved 

downstream, about 1 mile and all subsequent measurements were 

made at the new cable location except those stated to have been 

made at wading sections or at Ice's ferry bridge. The first four 

measurements made during 1899 to 1901 were referred to the staff 

gage immediately above the present location of Ice's ferry bridge.

On August 20, 1902, a new inclined and vertical staff gage was 

installed about 275 feet below the new cable section. The readings 

were made on the inclined section below 6.5 feet. The new gage was 

set to read the same as the original gage at 1.8 feet. On September 

28, 1904, the inclined portion of this staff gage was found to be 0.35 

foot too high and the vertical section 0.15 foot too high. Both sections were accordingly lowered. On September 28, 1904, a chain 

gage was established on Ice's ferry bridge to read the same as the 

second staff gage at 1.85 feet. The length of chain is 41.01 feet. 

Both gages were maintained from September 28, 1904, to December 

31, 1905. The staff gage was maintained from November 18, 1908, 

to May 8, 1909, and the chain gage had been maintained from January 21, 1909, to date. From these simultaneous gage readings the 

following gage relation has been determined:

Relation of gages on Cheat River, ' 

Chain

gage.

Feet. 

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

5.5

6.0

Staff 

gage.

Feet. 

1.52

2.00

2.52

3.11

3.78

4.46

5.15

5.82

6.47

7.09

Chain 

gage.

Feet. 

6.5

7.0

7.5

8.0

8.5

9.0

9.5

10.0

10.5

11.0

Staff 

gage.

Feet. 

7.69

8.28

8.87

9.43

9.98

10.53

11.06

11.59

12.11

12.65

All discharge measurements and gage heights from 1902 to 1909, 

as published in Water-Supply Paper 263, are referred .to the second 

staff gage. All gage heights from 1902 to September 28, 1904, have
OHIO BIVEB BASIN. 51

been reduced to the gage zero established September 28,1904. Gage 

heights previously published for 1899-1900 are referred to the original 

staff gage and are correct as originally published.

The original staff gage and the chain gage are located in a deep pool, 

with large islands about one-fourth mile above and below the station. 

The second staff gage is also located in a deep pool of somewhat 

smaller dimensions than at the original location. It is situated 

nearly one-fourth mile below a large island and a short distance above 

a small island. Both pools are controlled by permanent rock reefs. 

Water was diverted around the lower gage for milling prior to 1908 

The quantity thus diverted was relatively small (see table of discharge 

measurements) except at low stages, and has been disregarded in the 

following computations of discharge, but should, however, be taken 

into consideration in making use of the tables to determine the run-off 

in the Cheat River drainage basin. No important tributaries enter 

Cheat River near the gaging station.

Large ice jams sometimes occur at this station. In January, 1904, 

the ice piled up from 8 to 10 feet above normal low-water stage, thus 

greatly affecting the relation of gage height to discharge. For the 

occurrence of other periods of ice effect, as determined by observer's 

records and climatologic reports, see footnotes to gage-height table.

The discharge for these periods has been estimated, and it is assumed 

that the open-channel rating applies for all other winter periods.

The curves developed are very satisfactory and the figures showing 

daily and monthly discharge given in Water-Supply Paper 263 are 

considered very good, with the possible exception of those for 1902-3, 

for which period there is some doubt about the elevation of the 

inclined gage. However, as the two measurements made during 

1902-3 plot practically on the 1904-1909 discharge curve, when their 

gage heights are increased 0.35 foot, it is evident either that the 

inclined gage was set incorrectly at the time of its installation by the 

amount of the error in the gage (0.35 foot) discovered during 1904 or 

else that conditions of flow were different in these two years from what 

they have been since. In either event the correction of all gage 

heights for 1902-3 in accordance with the discrepancies found September 28, 1904, will yield essentially correct results for these years, 

and these corrections have accordingly been made.

The discharge for low stages during 1899-1900 is also somewhat 

open to question. It has been impossible as yet to determine the 

period when Ice's ferry bridge was erected. The somewhat conflicting statements obtained seem to indicate that the bridge was built 

during 1900 or 1901. In any event it is probable that both the 

measurements made during 1901 were affected by the backwater 

from the bridge. This backwater effect is, however, very slight at 

low stages, owing to the deep, wide pool in which the gage is located
52 STJBFACE WATEE ST7PPLY, 1910, PART in.

The two rating curves probably converge to a common curve at some 

point above the stage of zero flow. Hence at low stages the 1899- 

1900 discharges may be too high.

The gage at this station was checked April 28, 1909, and the last 

discharge measurement in 1909 was made August 19. No discharge 

measurements were made during 1910. This station was visited 

October 7, 1911 (previous to the publication of this report), by 

H. P. Drake, an engineer of the Pittsburgh Hydro-Electric Co. 

From Mr. Drake's report the observed gage heights on the chain 

gage from Apiil 28 to December 31, 1909, are in error to an extent 

ranging from 0.02 to 0.06 foot for gage heights below 10 feet, and 

0.02 to 0.03 above 10 feet. The gage heights for 1910 in the following 

table are correct.

The accuracy of the daily and monthly discharges given in the 

following tables depends upon the permanency of the conditions of 

flow since August 19, 1909.

Daily gage height, in feet, of CJieat River near Morgantown, W. Va.,for 1910. 

[C. F. Baker, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

2.47

2.82

10.07

8.02

5.82

5.68

7.50

6.28

5.24

4.45

3.90

3.80

3.70

6

4O

5.10

4.86

4.00

6.61

8.36

5.88

5.52

6.07

5.30

4 50

4.20

3.87

4 48

4 Qfi

4.50 

3.77 

3.?3

Feb.

3 71

3.48

3.62

3 77

3.84

3 71

3.30

3.52

3.37

3.73

4.16

3.78

3.43

3.10

3.61

6.78

6.80

5.78

A. OS

4.95

6.63

5.28

4.59

4.14

4.07

A. OR

Mar.

6.30

6.02

5.41

A QQ

4.55

4

00

4 97

4 91

3.85

3.67

3.47

3.38

3.35

3.27

3.13

3.13

3.05

3.13

3.06

3 ft1

3.00

3 1O

3.23

3.15

3 13

3.15

3 17

3 ft7

3.03 

3.00 

2.97

Apr.

2

QO

2 no

9 0°.

2 Q9

3.10

3.11

3.08

3.04

3.04

2.94

2.89

2.81

2.77

2 74

2.95

2.89

2 QQ

3.08

3 Q7

o 47

3.71

4 19

d 97

4 45

4.82

4 80

4.67

A *W

4.04 

3.86

May.

3.64

3 A*)

3.34

3.26

3 (M

3 04

2.98

3 fl1

3.14

3.20

3.32

A OH

5.06

4 4O

3.96

3.74

3.54

3 44

3

QQ

3.26

3.26

3 94

3.16

3 14

3.38

4 04

3 TO

3

KA

3.36 

3.24 

3.22

June.

3.96

4.98

5.10

4.97

4.57

6.18

5.64

A 84

4.41

4.57

5.06

5.23

5.30

4.92

4.60

4.70

8.84

6.43

11 79

7.71

5.68

5.47

4.71

4.21

3.95

3.74

3 45

3.38

3.39 

3.39

July.

3.17

3.00

2.95

3.76

4.26

4.23

3.75

3.88

3.84

3.54

3.45

3.31

3.29

3.84

3.76

3.51

3.31

3.17

3.35

3.15

2.99

2.87

2.77

2.63

2.59

2.53

2

4Q

2.43

2.48 

2.49 

2.62

Aug.

2.55

2.54

2.39

2.33

2.31

2.23

2.43

2.38

2.27

2.23

2.21

2.19

2.18

2.12

2.07

2.12

2.13

2.11

2 no

2.07

2.06

1 Q7

1.94

2 13

2.07

2.04

2 flfi

1.98 

1.94 

1.93

Sept.

2

OA

2.34

2.42

3.32

2.91

2.92

3.35

2 OQ

2.73

2.64

2.51

2 48

2.40

2.51

2.52

2.53

O KO

2

AA

2 30

2 99

2.16

2 10

2.13

2 19

2.10

2 fU

1 98

1 Q1?

* 2.42 

2.36

Oct.

2.34

2.23

2.14

2.10

2.08

2.06

2.01

1.98

2.05

1.93

1.90

2.12

2.20

2.12

2.06

2.00

1.94

1.91

1.91

1.87

1.88

L89

1.92

1.92

1.95

2.33

2

oq

2.20

2.21 

2.37 

2.47

Nov.

2.38

2.31

2.25

2.22

2.32

2.30

2.25

2.21

2.17

2.16

2.11

2.13

2.15

2.15

2.15

2.13

2

11

2.09

2.09

2.05

2.03

2.04

2.09

2.13

2.22

2.73

3 10.

3.05

4.53 

4.17

Dec.

3

K7

3.17

3.06

3.01

2.90

2.67

3.03

2 TO

9 4O

2.59

2.57

2.50

2.49

2.47

2.42

2.41

2

.90

2 fil

2.78

2.88

2.63

2.68

4.28

3.88

i 49

3

OQ

3.03

4.48 

7.38 

6.09

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 1 and 2, Feb. 8 to 15, and Dec. 7 

to 29. Ice reported 7J inches thick Jan. 1. Ice went out Jan. 2. Gage heights Dec. 12 to 29 read to top of 

ice, thickness of ice ranging from 4 to 7 incites. Ice went out at 4 p. m. Dec. 29.
OHIO BIVEIJ, BASIN. 53

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cheat River near Morgantovm, W. Va.,for 1910.

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4.......:.......

5...............

6...............

7... ............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

250

350

26,700

18,800

9,650

9,100

16,300

11,400

7,400

4,460

2,710

2,450

2,200

8,090

6,870

5,960

3,000

12,700

19,800

9,880

8,480,

10,600

7,630

4,640

3,620

2,630

4,570

6,340

4,640

2,380 

2,530

Feb.

2,220

1,690

2,000

2,380

2,550

2,220

1,340

1,200

1,200

1,600

1,400

1,200

1,000

1,000

1,200

1,980

13,400

13,500

9,490

6,410

6,300

14,500

12,800

7,550

4,960

3,430

3,210

6,300

.......

Mar.

11,500

IX), 400

8,050

6,070

4,820

4,050

3,850

3,650

2,580

2,130

1,670

1,480

1,430

1,290

1,090

1,090

980

1,090

993

928

915

1,170

1,230

1,120

1 non

1,120

1,140

1,010

954

915

882

Apr.

S3S

838

838

827

1,040

1,060

1,020

QR7

967

849

796

,720

684

659

860

796

838

1,020

1,470

1,670

2,220

3,590

3,850

4,460

5,810

5,740

5,260

4,710

3,120

2,610

May.

2 Acn

1 eoA

1,410

1,280

967

967

893

928

1,100

1 ISO

1,380

3,720

6,720

4,360

2,880

2,300

1,820

1,600

1,480

1 9JJft

1,280

1,250

1,130

1,100

1 480

3,120

2,420

1,820

1,450

1,250 

1,220

June.

2

QOA

6,410

6,870

6,380

4,890

11,100

8,950

5,890

4,320

4,890

6,720'

7,400

7,630

6,190

5,000

5,370

91 7Oft

12,000

33,700

17,100

9,100

S 9Srt

5,410

3,650

2,860

2,300

1,620

1,480

1,500

1,500

July.

1 140

'(Ml!

860

2,350

3,820

3,720

2,320

2,660

2,550

1,820

1,620

1 <?fin

1,320

2,550

2 <*fift

1,750

1,360

1,140

1,430

1,120

904

776

684

569

538

500

469

442

469

474

561

Aug.

TI9

506

420

390

380

344

442

415

362

Q44

334

326

322

298

280

298

302

294

286

280

276

244

234

302

280

269

276

269

248

234 

230

Sept.

357

395

436

1,380

816

827

1,430

904

650

577

486

Aft/Q

425

486

493

500

493

447

375

339

314

302

302

298

290

269

248

244

436

405

Oct.

395

344

306

294

283

276

258

248

272

230

220

298

330

298

27S

255

234

224

224

211

214

217

227

227

238

390

344

330

334

410 

464

Nov.

A-t K

380

352

339

385

375

352

334

318 Q-M

294

302

310

310

310

302

9O4

286

286

272

266

269

286

302

.339

650

1,170

980

4,750

3,520

Dec.

1 soft

1 '993 140

928

805

601

15,800 

10,700

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve that is well defined between 

115 and 12,300 second-feet (gage heights 1.5 and 6.5 feet). Daily discharge Jan. 1 and 2, Feb. 8 to 15, and 

Dec. 7 to 29, estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records, discharge of adjacent drainage areas, and 

gage observer's notes. Mean discharge Dec. 7 to 29 estimated about 628 second-feet, varying from about 

250 to 3,000 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Cheat River near Morgantovm, W. Va.,for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 1,380 square miles.]

Month.

February ...............................

May....................................

June....................................

July....................................

August .................................

October .................................

November. . ............................

The year ..........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

26,700 

14,500 

11,500 

5,810 

6,720 

33,700 

3,820 

512 

1,430 

464 

4,750 

15,800

33,700

MinimTim-

«250 

01,000 

882 

659 

893 

1,480 

442 

230 

244 

211 

266

............

Mean.

7,620 

4,570 

2,600 

2,000 

1,820 

7,440 

1,440 

322 

513 

286 

635 

1,530

2,550

Per 

square 

mile.

5.52 

3.31 

1.88 

1.45 

1.32 

5.39 

1.04 

.233 

.372 

.207 

.460 

1.11

1.85

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

6.36 

3.45 

2.17 

1.62 

1.52 

6.01 

1.20 

.27 

.42 

.24 

.51 

1.28

25.05

Accuracy.

B. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. A. 

B. 

B. 

D.

o January and February minimum discharge estimated.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge for notes relative to periods during which discharge 

was estimated.
54 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PAST in.

YOTTQHIOQHENY RIVER AT CONFLUENCE, PA.

The Youghiogheny rises in Garrett County, Md., on the western 

slope of the Allegheny Mountains, at an elevation of about 2,900 

feet, flows northwestward into Pennsylvania and joins Monongahela 

River about 15 miles above Pittsburgh. For 19 miles above its 

mouth the average fall of the stream is about 2 feet to the mile, but 

above that point it soon increases to an average fall of nearly 5 feet 

to the mile. The average width of the river from its mouth to West 

Newton, Pa., is about 546 feet.

The gaging station, which is located at a highway bridge about 

half a mile from the railroad station at Confluence, Pa., was established by the United States Geological Survey September 15, 1904. 

It is now maintained by the Water Supply Commission of Pennsylvania, by which records of gage height and discharge measurements 

are furnished.

No important tributaries enter above the station. Casselman 

River, draining an area approximately equal in size to that drained 

by the Youghiogheny, enters from the right about half a mile below 

the station, and a short distance farther downstream Laurel Hill 

Creek enters, also from the right. The drainage area of this creek is 

about one-fourth that of Youghiogheny above Confluence. The 

joining of these three tributaries to the main Youghiogheny River, 

together with the inadequate* flood channel capacity of the main 

stream, causes gorging and backwater at high stages to a greater or 

less extent in all of them. From general conditions backwater is 

believed to occur occasionally at the Youghiogheny station, particularly at very high stages, although much less than at the Casselman 

and Laurel Hill stations. The relation of gage height to discharge 

is occasionally affected by ice.

The datum of the chain gage attached to the bridge has remained 

constant since the establishment of the station.

No discharge measurements were made at this station during 1910. 

The station was last inspected June 12,1909, by F. W. Scheidenhelm. 

The accuracy of published estimates of daily and monthly discharge 

depends upon the permanency of the conditions of flow since thiat 

date.
OHIO EIVEE BASIN. 55 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Youghiogheny River at Confluence, Pa., for 1910.

-Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14'...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.25

3.35

10.8

7.35

4.65

4.85

5.3

4.95

3.9

3.35

3.0

2.95

2.85

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

10.7

7.9

5.15

6.8

5.35

4.15

3.65

3.35

3.25

4.35

3.9

3.5 

3.3

3.05

Feb.

2.95

2.85

2.9

2.85

2.55

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.5

3.6

3.35

3.15

3.0

2.85

2.75

4.85

5.8

5.2

4.0

3.45

3.9

7.25

5.6

4.45

3.7

3.6

3.7

6.2

Mar.

7.05

6.4

5.4

4.85

4.55

4.4

3.9

3.5

3.2

2.9

2.75

2.65

2.55

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.15

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0 

1.95

1.95

Apr.

1.95

1.95

1.9

1.9

1.95

1.95

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.85

3.1

3.25

3.05

5.55

4.45

3.75

3.6

3.4 

3.1

May.

2.7

2.55

2.45

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.35

3.05

2.9

2.95

2.75

2.55

2.4

2.3

2.4 V

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.25

2.3

2.85

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.55 

2.5

2.5

June.

3.0

9 n

3.9

3.6

3.85

4.6

3.95

3.35

3.25

3.95

4.3

4.1

3.8

3.6

3.45

3.4

4.1

3.95

12.2

6.7

4.3

3.9

3.55

3.3

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.5 

2.35

July.

2.25

2.25

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.0

2.1

2.15

2.1

2.05

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.5 

1.75

1.65

Aug.

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4 

1.4

1.4

Sept.

1.6

1.7

1.7

2.15

2.15

1.8-

1.75

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.35

Oct*

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4 

1.4

1.4

Nov.

1.4

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.75.

1.8 

1.8

Dec.

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.1

2.15

2.2

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.9

6.8

5.85

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Feb. 8 to 15 and Dec. 6 to 29. 

Daily discharge, in second-feetf of Youghiogheny River at Confluence, Pa., for 1910.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18 . ...

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

432

1,270

11,200

6,420

2,660

2,930

3,550

3,060

1,800

1,270

974

935

858

820

820

820

820

11,100

7,190

3,340

5,650

3,620

2,070

1,550

1,270

1,180

2,290

1 son

1,410 

1,230

1,010

Feb.

935

858

896

858

638

399

271

200

350

900

800

700

600

500

700

2,930

4,250

3,410

1,910

1,360

1,800

6,280

3,970

2,410

1,600

1,500

1,600

4,810

Mar.

6,000

5,090

3,690

2,930

2,530

2,350

1,800

1,410

1,140

896

783

710

638

603

568

533

499

465

465

603

533

465

399

366

366

334

334

271

271 

244

244

Apr.

244

244

217

217

244

244

217

217

217

217

217

217

217

192

192

192

192

168

168

168

192

1,060

1,180

1,010

3,900

2,410

1,650

1,500

1,320 

1,060

May.

746

638

568

499

465

465

432

399

465

465

499

1,010

896

935

783

638

533

465

533

533

499

465

432

465

858

896

746

674

638 

603

cno

June.

974

1,800

1,800

1,500

1,750

2,600

1,850

1,270

1,180

1,850

2,240

2,020

1,700

1,500

1,360

1,320

2,020

1,850

13,200

5,510

2,240

1,800

1,450

1,230

1,140

974

820

746

603 

499

July.

432

432

399

366

334

334

302

271

334

366

334

302

399

399

334

271

217

192

168

148

127

110

110

93

93

93

SO

67

67

148

110

Aug.

93

93

SO

80

67

67

67

67

67

67

67

67

67

67

67

67

67

57

57

57

57

57

57

57

57

57

47

47

47 

47

47

Sept.

93

127

127

366

366

168

148

127

110

93

93

93

93

93

93

80

80

SO

SO

67

67

67

57

57

57

57

47

47

47 ' 40

Oct.

40

40

40

33

33

33

33

40

40

40

40

40

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

47

47

47

47

47

47

47 

47

47

Nov.

47

57

57

57

57

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

67

67

67

67

67

67

93

93

93

148

168

168

Dec.

168

168

Ifift

168

168

700 

5,650

4,320

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve that is well defined between 

750 and 3,800 second-feet (gage heights about 2.7 and 5.5 feet) and fairly well defined throughout the remaining portions of the range of stage covered by the 1910 gage heights. Daily discharge Feb. 8 to 15 and Dec. 6 

to 29 estimated; because of ice, from climatologic records and run-off in adjacent drainage areas. Mean 

discharge Dec. 6 to 28 estimated 150 second-feet.
56 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PABT HI.

Monthly discharge of Youghiogheny River at Confluence, Pa., for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 435 square miles.]

Month.

April........ ...........................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

11,200 

6,280 

6,000 

3,900 

1,010 

13,200 

432 

93 

366 

47 

168 

5,650

13,200

Minimum.

432 

«200 

244 

168 

399 

499 

67 

47 

40 

33 

47

Mean.

2,750 

1,690 

1,210 

649 

608 

2,030 

240 

63.4 

104 

38.9 

68.4 

483

822

Per 

square 

mile.

6.32 

3.89 

2.78 

1.49 

1.40 

4.67 

.552 

.146 

.239 

.089 

.157 

1.11

1.89

Eun-ofl 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

7.29 

4.05 

3.20 

1.66 

1.61 

5.21 

.64 

.17 

.27 

.10 

.18 

1.28

25.66

Accuracy.

B. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

D.

" February minimum discharge estimated. 

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge for periods of estimated discharge.

CASSELMAN RIVER AT CONFLUENCE, PA.

This station, which is located at Confluence, Pa., at a highway 

bridge about 500 yards from the railroad station, was established by 

the United States Geological Survey September 15, 1904. It is now 

maintained by the Water Supply Commission'of Pennsylvania, by 

which the records of gage height and discharge measurements are 

furnished.

No important tributary enters near the station, but it is located 

only a few hundred yards above the junction of Casselman and 

Youghiogheny rivers, and as a result backwater usually occurs at 

high stages. The relation of gage height to discharge is more or less 

affected by ice during the winter periods.

No discharge measurements were made at this station during 1910. 

The station was last inspected June 12, 1909, by F. W. Scheidenhelm. 

Estimates of daily and monthly discharge for 1910 are withheld for 

the present. /
OHIO RIVER BASIN. 57 

Daily gage height, infect, of Casselman River at Confluence, Pa., for 1910.

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15............... 

16...............

17...............

18............... 

19............... 

20...............

21...............

22...............

23

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.30

3.20

10.15

6.05

3.70

4.50

4.60

3.80 °. on

2.75

2.55

2.70

2.45

2.40

2.35 

2.35

2.40

9.85 

7.00 

4.16

6.85

5.10

3.70

3.30

3.05

2 95

4.00

3.25

3.05 

2.90

2.85

Feb.

2.75

2.75

2.80

2.75

2.45

2.20

2.10

1.95

2.55

2.85

2.65

2.55

2.40

2.40

2.35

4.45

5.15

4.40 

3.45 

3.00

3.35

6.80

4.65

3.55

3.15

3.15

3.60

6.35

.......

Mar.

6.95

6.25

5.25

4.80

4.55

4.45

4.00

3.60

3.40

3.10

2.90

2.85

2.70

2.70

2.55 

2.50

2.50

2.35 

2.35

2.55

2.50

2.50

2.46

2.45

2.36

2.35

2.35

2.25

2.25 

2.15

2.15

Apr.

2.05

2.05

1.95

2.00

2.05

2.00

2.00

1.95

2.00

1.95

1.95

1.92

1.92

1.87

1.87 

1.87

1.87

1.82 

1.82 

1.82

1.87

3.10

3.10

2.90

6.05

4.45

3.70

3.65

3.45

3.10

May.

2.75

2.65

2.50

2.45

2.40

2.30

2.30

2.20

2.35

2 an

2.95

2.80

2 95

2.70

2 55

9 dS

2.30 

2.40 

o °.n

2 on

2

°.n

2.20

9 Qf?

2.05

2.80

2.65

2.55

2.55 

2.45

2.50

June.

2.70

3.30

3.15

3.00

3.15

4.05

3.35

2.95

2.90

3.70

3.85

3.65

3.30

3.10

2.85 

2.75

3.35

3.00 

12.60 

6.35

4.15

3. '(5

3.15

2.90

2.85

2.75

2.70

2.60

2.45 

2.25

July.

2.20

2.20

2.15

2.15

2.20

2.10

2.05

2.00

2.05

2.10

2.05

2.00

1.95

2.15

2.10 

1.96

1.86

1.81 

1.76 

1.71

1.61

1.56

1.56

1.56

1.56

1.56

1.56

1.56

1.51 

1.66

1.56

Aug.

1.56

1.56

1.51

1.51

1.46

1.46

1.46

1.46

1.46

1.46

1.46

1.46

1.46

1.46

1.56 

1.56

1.51

1.51 

1.66 

1.61

1.61

1.61

1.56

1.56

1.56

1.51

1.51

1 AK

1.46 

1.46

1.46

Sept.

1.71

1.76

1.76

2.01

2.01

1.86

1.76

1.66

1.61

1.56

1.56

1.56

1.56

1.56

1.56 

1.51

1.51

1.51 

1.51 

1 ifi

1 46

1 AR

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41 

1.36

Oct.

1.36

1.36

1.36

1.31

1.31

1.31

1.31

1.46

1.46

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.36

1.36 

1.36

1.36

1.36 

1.36 

1.36

1.36

1.36

1.46

1 46

1 46

i ifi

1 46

1.46

1.46 

1.46

1.46

Nov.

1.46

1.46

1.46

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41 

1.41

1.41

1.41 

1.51 

1.51

1.51

1.51

1.51

1.51

1.66

1.66

1.66

1.66

1.66 

1.66

Dec.

1.66

1.66

1.66

1.66

1.66

1.86

1.86

1.86

1.86

......

1.86

1.86

1.96

1 Qfi

2.00

1.95

2.35 

5.55

3.45

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 1 and 2, Feb. 6 to 20, and 

Dec. 6 to 29.

LAUREL HILL CHEEK AT CONFLUENCE, PA.

This station, which is located at Confluence, Pa., at a highway 

bridge about one-fourth mile from the railroad station, was established by the United States Geological Survey September 15, 1904. 

It is now maintained by the Water Supply Commission of Pennsylvania, by which the records of gage height and discharge measurements are furnished.

No important tributary enters near the station. It is located, 

however, only a few hundred yards above the junction of the creek 

with Youghiogheny River, and as a result backwater almost invariably occurs at high stages. The effect of backwater at medium 

and low stages is not definitely known as it varies with each flood. 

At low stages conditions of flow are changeable owing to the fact 

that refuse dumped into the creek from a tannery a few feet above 

the station settles under one end of the bridge. As a result the 

records of flow at this station are not so good as those at the other 

two Confluence stations. The relation of gage height to discharge is 

affected by ice during the winter periods.

The datum of the chain gage attached to the bridge has remained 

constant during the period of maintenance of the station..
58 SUBFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1910, PAET in.

No discharge measurements were made at this station during 1910. 

The station was last inspected June 12, 1909, by F. W. Scheidenhelm. 

Estimates of daily and monthly discharge for 1910 are withheld for 

the present.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Laurel Hill Creek at Confluence, Pa., for 1910.

Day.

1...............

2...............

2...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11............... 

12............... 

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21............... 

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.40

4.15

8.00

4 30

3.35

4.30

4.40

3.50

3.15

2.85

2.65 

2.55

2.45

2.40

2.35

2.35

2.30

8.05

5.21

3.55

4.70 

3.85

3.35

3.00

2.85

2.75

3.05

2.80

2.70 

2.60

2.50

Feb.

2.50

2.45

2.65

2.55

2.45

2.35

2.30

2.30

2.45

3.00

2.80 

2.60 

2.50

2.45

2.45

3.80

3.80

3.40

3.15

2.90

3.20

4.55

3.45

3.16

2.91

9 OR

3.06

4.56

.......

Mar.

5 46

4.86

4 41

4.11

4.11

4 16

3.66

3.41

3.16

2.91

2.76 

2.71

2 71

9 fifi

2.61

2.56

2.46

9 3fi

2.31

9 fil

2.51

2 M

2.41

2.41

2.36

9 QA

2.41

0 QA

2.26 

2.21

2.16

Apr.

2

11

2.06

2.01

1 Qfi

2.11

2.06

2.01

1 96

2.01

2.01

2.01 

1.96 

1 96

1 Q1

1 01

1 01

1.91

1.86

1.86

1.86

1.96 

2.66

2.96

2.86

4.06

3.51

3.11

2 OR

2.76 

2.66

May.

2.51

2.46

2.41

2.36

2.31

2.31

2.26

2

O«

2.41,

2.51

3.06 

3.06

3 Qft

3.06

2.86

2.71

2.56

2 46

2.66

2 56

2.51

2.46

2.46

2 46

2.46

9 41

2.31

2.31

2.31 

2.31

2.56

June.

9 OR

3.56

3.26

2 Qfi

3.21

3.61

3.16

2 Q1

2.91

.3.46

3.66 

3.26

2 Oft

2.76

2.61

2.46

2.66

2.46

9.81

3.96

3.16

2.86

2.66

2.51

2.36

2 QA

2.31

2.51

2.36 

2.26

July.

2.21

2.16

2.11

2.06

2.01

2.01

1.96

1.96

2.06

2.06

2.01 

1.96 

1.96

1.96

1.91

1.91

2.31

2.16

2.06

1 Oft

1.91 

1.86

1.86

1.81

1.76

1.66

1.61

I

Cfi

1.56 

1.66

1.66

Aug.

1.66

1.66

1.51

1.51

1.51

1.46

1.46

1.46

1.46

1.46

1.46 

1.46 

1 46

1 AR

1.51

1.51

1.46

1.46

1.61

1.66

1.66 

1.66

1.56

1.51

1.51

1.51

1.51

1 46

1.46 

1.46

1.46

Sept.

1.76

1.76

1.76

2.06

2.06

1.91

1.86

1.81

1.76

1.71

1.66 

1.66 

1.61

1.61

1.61

1.66

1.66

1.66

1.56

1.51

1.51 

1.51

1.51

1.51

1.46

1 46

1.46

1 46

1.46 

1.41

Oct.

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.51

1.51

1.46

1.46 

1.46 

1 46

1.46

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41 

1.41

1.51

1.51

1.51

1.51

1.51

1.51

1.51 

1.51

1.51

Nov.

1.51

1.51

1.51

1.46

1.46

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41 

1.41 

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.41

1.56

i w

1.56 

1.56

1.66

1.66

1.66

1.66

1.66

1.66

1.66 

1.66

Dec.

1.66

1.66

1.66

1.66

1.66

1.76

1.76

1.76

1.76

......

1.86

1.86

1.86

1 8ft

1.86

1.86

1.96 

4.36

3.36

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by Ice about Jan. 1 and 2, Feb. 6 to 20, 

and Dec. 6 to 29. Elver reported "frozen" Dec. 10 to 22.

MUSKINGUM RIVER BASIN.

GENERAL FEATURES.

The drainage basin of Muskingum River lies in the eastern part of 

the State of Ohio.

The river is formed by the junction of Mohican and Tuscarawas 

rivers at Coshocton, near the central part of Coshocton County, from 

which it flows in a slightly southwesterly direction to Zanesville, 

thence southeastward to its junction with Ohio River at Marietta 

Ohio. In the southeastern part of Morgan County the river forms a 

large bend and flows due north for several miles. The length of the 

river below the junction of the Mohican and Tuscarawas is about 

100 miles (map measurement), and its drainage area comprises about 

8,000 square miles.

Tuscarawas River rises in the northwestern part of Ashland County, 

flows in a general southerly direction to the northeastern part of 

Tuscarawas County and thence southwestward to its junction with
OHIO BIVEB BASIN. 59

the Mohican. The important tributaries of the Mohican are Walhonding and Killbuck creeks; of the Tuscarawas, Chippewa and 

Sugar creeks on the west bank and Sandy and Big Stillwater creeks 

on the east bank.

Muskingum River has only two important tributaries Licking 

Kiver from the west near Zanesville and Wills Creek from the east 

near the southern line of Coshocton County.

The drainage basin is regular in shape, being about 100 miles wide 

and 125 miles long. Only the headwaters of Licking, Mohican, and 

Tuscarawas rivers lie within the glaciated area, the remainder of the 

basin being unglaciated. In the central and southern part of the 

basin the soil has resulted from the disintegration of native rocks and 

the country is poorly watered. Its surface is extremely rough and 

irregular, cut in every direction by valleys between which rise high 

hills. To the north the surface becomes less broken though it is still 

undulating; the soil has been derived from drift materials and is sandy 

and gravelly. At the headwaters of Mohican and Tuscarawas rivers 

it is naturally marshy. This characteristic has been much modified 

by cultivation and drainage, but swampy areas still exist. Springs 

are common in the glaciated region.

The elevation of the sources of Mohican and Tuscarawas rivers 

is about 1,100 feet; the elevation at Coshocton is about 730 feet; at 

Zanesville about 688 feet; at the mouth of the river at Marietta^ the 

elevation is 570 feet.

There are no large forested areas in this drainage basin. This 

region has been long settled, and the timber left standing is in groves 

or wood lots, generally of small stee.

The mean annual rainfall is about 40 inches, being less at th« 

headwaters and greater at the mouth of the river. The winters in 

the northern part are comparatively severe. Ice forms about 1 foot 

thick on the streams. In the lower part of the basin the winters are 

milder, but ice generally forms on the river.,

The basin affords sites for storage reservoirs at the headwaters -of 

the tributaries, and reservoirs constructed in 1830 to store water for 

feeding the Ohio Canal are in existence at the present time. The cost 

of overflowed land would undoubtedly now prohibit reservoir construction.

Both the main stream and tributaries present favorable sites for 

the development of water power.

The Muskingum is navigable from Zanesville down. In this 

stretch of the river there are 10 locks and dams with a total fall of 

118 feet. The surplus water is available for water power, but only 

at one or two places is all the power at these dams utilized.

The Ohio Canal, which runs from Cleveland to Portsmouth, Ohio, 

crosses this drainage basin. At the headwaters of Tuscarawas and 

Licking rivers are the reservoirs for feeding the canal both ways
60 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1910, PAET m.

from the summits; thus some water is diverted from the Muskingum 

basin. The surplus water from the canal between the two summits 

is discharged into Muskmgum River near Dresden. About the only 

use made of the canal at the present time is to furnish water for the 

power plants situated along its banks.

MUSKINGUM RIVER AT ZANESVILLE, OHIO.

This station is located at the Sixth Street Bridge at Zanesville, 

about 1,000 feet above Lock No. 10. The gage, which belongs to the 

United States Engineer Corps, is located at the lock. The United 

States Weather Bureau furnishes the daily gage heights. The gage 

was established June 4, 1887. On March 11, 1905, discharge measurements were begun to obtain data for the study of water power, 

water supply, pollution, and navigation problems.

Licking River enters from the west about half a mile above the 

station. The drainage area above the section is about 5,830 square 

miles.

The winters are comparatively severe and ice generally causes some 

trouble. The operation of several power plants located above the 

station may modify the low-season flow to some extent.

The datum of the gage has remained unchanged.

The station has not been visited since June, 1906, and nothing is 

known about the present conditions. Estimates of flow are being 

withheld at present for further studies.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Muskingum River at Zanesville, Ohio, for 1910.

. Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23..\............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

8.0

8.3

9.2

9.8

9 7

10.8

10.3

10.2

10.2

10.1

a

o

o t;

9.2

15.9

10 o

19.1

18.4

17.3

28.8

25.8

24.2

25.3

22.8

10 t;

17.0

15.3

14.7

15.5

15.2 

14.5

13.0

Feb.

11.3

11.0

10.7

12.1

12.5

12.1

10.8

in 9

in 9

10.0

9.5

9.4

10.5

10.1

10.0

10.2

17.7

14.7

14.0

13.2

13.1

10 O

14.0

13.3

19 7

to ft

13.7

07 9

Mar.

31.6

31.4

32.5

30.3

27.0

23.5

21.2

18.5

16.1

14 9

13 n

12.0

11.4

in o

10.6

10.2

10.0

9 O

9.8

»

(!

9.5

9 7

9.6

9

C

9.4

9

0

9.1

o n

8.9

fi O

8.8

Apr.

8.8

8.7

8.7

8.7

8.6

8.9

9.5

9 A

9.0

8 0

8 7

8.6

8.5

8.4

8 A

8.4

8.4

8.7

9.0

9

0

10.2

n

o

11.3 in a

10.3

9.9

10.0

10.5

10.5 

10.0

May.

9 Q

9.4

9 A

10.2

11.5

11.3

10.9

10.4

10.0

9 7

9 4

0 7

9.8

9 0

9 A

9 ft

8 O

& A

9.2

9.2

9 A

10.3

10.2

10.3

10.5

10.7

10.6

10.0

9.5

9 9

9.0

June.

9.0 9.0-

9.2

9.5

9 7

9.5

9.2

9.0

8.9

8 Q

10.0

13.3

13.4

11.9

10.8

10.0

9.5

9.2

9.0

8

n

fi 7

8

(!

8.5

Q A

8.3

Q O

8.2

8

0

8.2 

8.2

July.

8.3

8.2

8.1

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.3

8 n

8.0

8.6

8.3

8

1

8.2

fi 9

fi 7

8.6

8.3

8.2

8.7

8 A

8.2

8 1

8.0

7 O

7 Q

7 ft

7 R

7 O

7.8

7 fi

8.0

Aug.

8.0

7.9

7 fi

7.8

7 fi

7 fi

7.8

7.7

7.7

7.7

7 fi

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7

C

7.6

7.7

7.7

7.8

7 ft

7.8

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7 

7.7

7.7

Sept.

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7 fi

7.8

7.8

7 fi

7.7

7 O

7 fi

7.8

7.8

7 ft

7.8'

7.8

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.6

7.7

7.6

7.7

7.7

8.1

8 A

8.2 81

Oct.

8.0

7.9

7.9

7.9

7 fi

7.9

9.5

n

o

10.8

10.1

9

0

9 A

9.0

8.5

8.4

8.3

fi 9

8.2

8.1

8.1

8.0

8.1

8.2

8.2

8.2

8.2

8.1 ft n

7.9

7 Q

7.9

Nov.

7.8

7.8

7.8

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.6

7 ft

7.8

7 fi

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

8.0 

8.0

Dec. i

8.0

8.1

8.1

8.0

fi n

8.0

7.9

7 Q

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.6

ft n

8.0 fi i

11.0 

13.3

14.4
OHIO BIVEB BASIN. 61

MOHICAN RIVER AT POMERENE, OHIO.

This station which is located at the highway bridge just above the 

Pennsylvania Railroad bridge at Pomerene, Ohio, about 4 miles from 

Walhonding, was established December 1, 1910, in cooperation with 

tne Ohio State Experiment Station.

, Owl Creek enters 5 miles above the station. A feeder for the Ohio 

Canal formerly took water from Mohican River near Cavallo, some distance above Pomerene. This feeder has not been used for some time.

Discharge measurements are made from the upstream side of the 

highway bridge. A standard chain gage is attached to the bridge. 

The relation of gage height to discharge may be affected by ice during 

January, February, and December. Sufficient data have not been 

obtained to permit estimates of flow to be made.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. T. Bailey:

December 1,1910: Width, 335 feet; area, 1,210 square feet; gage height, 3.76 feet; 

discharge, 697 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mohican River at Pomerene, Ohio, for 1910. 

[F. L. Rodehaver, observer.]

Day.

1........

3........

4........

5........

6........

Dec.

3.77 

3.55

3.48

3.42

3.37

3.36

Day.

7...... 

8......

9......

10......

11......

Dec.

3.34 

3.34

3.33

3.33

3.32

Day.

12..... 

13.....

14.....

15.....

16.....

Dec.

3.32 

3.32

3.32

3.25

3.24

Day.

17.....

18.....

19.....

20.....

21.....

Dec.

3.24 

3.24

3.24

3.24

3.24

Day.

22..... 

23.....

24.....

25.....

26.....

Dec.

3.20 

3.20

3.31

3.30

3.30

Day.

27..... 

28.....

29.....

30.....

31..-..

Dec.

3.30

4 00

7.10

6.90

6.25

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice during December. 

KANAWHA RIVER BASIN. 

GENERAL FEATURES.

The drainage basin of the Kanawha comprises about one-third of 

the State of West Virginia, part of western Virginia, and the counties 

of Alleghany, Ashe, and part of Watauga County in the extreme 

northwestern part of North Carolina. The lower part of the river, 

below the mouth of the Gauley, is called the Kanawha; above this 

point it is called the New.

New River is formed by the union of the North Fork and South 

Fork a few miles south of the northern boundary of North Carolina. 

Considering the South Fork as the main stream, as it is the larger, 

the river rises in the central part of Watauga County near Boone, 

N. C., whence it flows northeastward across the State line into Virginia. At Radford, Va., the river turns abruptly and flows northwestward across West Virginia, and empties into Ohio River at Point 

Pleasant, W. Va. The total length of the river is 427 miles. The 

lower 90 miles have been made navigable by means of locks and dams.
62 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PART in.

The total drainage area as determined and adjusted from topographic 

maps comprises 12,197 square miles.

Beginning at the headwaters and following down the right or 

eastern bank the important tributaries are Big Reed Island Creek 

and Little River in Virginia; Greenbrier River, Gauley River, Elk 

River, and Pocotaligo River in West Virginia; those on the left or 

Western bank are Cripple Creek, Reed Creek, Walker Creek, and 

Wolf Creek in Virginia; East River, Bluestone River, and Coal River 

in West Virginia.

The drainage area is irregular in outline. Its length, following the 

general course of the river, is about 240 miles; its width at the widest 

point is about 140 miles. The sources of the New lie in the Appalachian Mountains among the high ridges that separate thJ£ basin from 

the basins of Peedee and Santee rivers, which drain into the Atlantic 

Ocean, and from the basin of Tennessee River, which drains into 

the Ohio. The basins of the tributaries in North Carolina and in 

the southern part of Virginia are more or less regular in outline 

and circular in shape. The main river crosses the Allegheny Front 

just below Pearisburg, Va., near tlje Virginia and West Virginia line. 

Along this section the basins of the tributaries are long and narrow. 

Below the State line to the mouth of the river the valley of the 

Kanawha proper is very narrow.

As all the tributaries except those in the lower part of the basin 

drain the steep slopes and precipitous sides of mountainous country, 

the beds of the streams are rough and rocky and there are many falls 

and rapids. Along the section traversed by the Chesapeake & Ohio 

Railway, from the West Virginia line to Charleston, W. Va., and especially from Hinton to the mouth of Gauley River, the scenery is exceptionally .fine, for through this section the river is confined to a narrow 

canyon with mountains on both sides.

The sources of the river are about 3,660 feet above sea level; at its 

mouth the elevation is 510 feet. The total fall is therefore about' 

3,100 feet, or an average fall of over 7 feet to the mile. The following 

table gives some idea of the slope of the river:

Slope of Kanawha River.

Locality.

Radford,Va.........................................

Hinton, W.Va.. ....................................

Mouth...............................................

Elevation.

Feet. 

3,600

2,600

1,760

1,600

1,340

650

600

510

Distance.

Miles. 

0

86

192

246

270

331

343

427

!*all between 

points.

Feet.

1,100

74ft

260

160

690

50

90

Distance 

between 

points.

Mles.

86

106

54

24

61

12

84

Average 

fall per 

mite.

Feet.

12.8

7.0

A C

6.7

U o

A O

1.1
OHIO BIVBE BASIN. 63

Probably from 10 to 20 per cent of the drainage area is forested. 

Lumbering is being carried on extensively along many of the tributaries especially at the headwaters of the Gauley and Greenbrier, 

where there are large areas of virgin timber. The mean annual rainfall at the sources of the river in North Carolina is about 55 inches; 

on that part of the drainage basin in Virginia the rainfall is from 45 

,to 50 inches; in West Virginia the rainfall is 45 inches.

In general, the winters throughout the basin are mild. Ice does 

not form very thick, and the snowfall is light and does not last long. 

During "the winter of 1908 and 1909 ice formed about 2 inches thick 

at a few of the stations in the basin and lasted only a few days.

The basin affords many opportunities for storage reservoirs, there 

being suitable foundation sites for large dams and readily accessible 

material for their construction. Reservoirs would be of use for flood 

control, as an aid to navigation, and for waterpower development. 

A-t the present time the basin affords abundant supplies of coal, oil, 

and gas,- but as these supplies diminish and the cost of fuel increases 

the numerous opportunities for power development afforded by the 

river and its tributaries will be very extensively utilized. The lower 

part of the river has been made navigable by means of 10 locks and 

dams, the lift ranging from about 6 feet to 14 feet. The lock farthest 

upstream is located at Montgomery, W. Va., about 84 miles above 

the mouth; the lowest lock is near Point Pleasant, about 1 mile 

above the mouth of the river. The river is used principally for 

transporting the coal mined from the* extensive coal fields along the 

river above Charleston.

At ordinary stages the water of the tributaries is clear, and some 

of the larger streams afford excellent trout and bass fishing. The 

water of the main stream is rarely, if ever, clear, being of a reddishbrown color due to the hydraulic mining of iron ore carried on in 

Virginia.

SOUTH FORK OF NEW RIVER NEAR GRUMBLER, N. C.

This station, which is located about 1J miles above the confluence 

of the North and South forks of New River, about 4 miles from 

Grumpier, N. C., was established August 12, 1908.

The drainage area above the section is about 325 square miles.

Discharge measurements are made by means of a boat or by wading.

The chain gage is attached to a tree on the left bank about one-half 

mile above the measuring section. The datum of the gage has 

remained unchanged; the records are reliable and accurate. The 

relation of gage height to discharge may be affected by ice for short 

periods in winter.

Sufficient data have not been obtained to enable estimates of the 

flow to be made.
64 STJBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1910; PAET HI.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. T. Bailey: 

November 1, 1910: Width, 173 feet; area, 393 feet square; gage height, 1.33 feet; 

discharge, 420 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of South Fork of New River near Grumpier, N. C.,for 1910.

[J. J. Garvey, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

OQ

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

9 in

2.09

1.80

1.67

1.58

1 dJL

2.20

197

1.76

1.74

1.52

1.53

1.48

1.46

1 1Q

1.42

1.32

1.40

1.38

1.35

1.88

1.04

1.66

1.48

1.52

1 40

1.46

1.42

1.36 

1.36

1.38

Feb.

1 c<>

1.37

1.50

1 44

1.56

1 59

1.28

1.41

1.38

1.32

1.46

1.26

1.42

1.66

1.74

1.65

1.95

2.96

9 flfi

1.88

1.79

1.76

1.70

i fii

1.58

1 48

1 46

1.94

.......

Mar.

2 10

2.14

1.91

1.75

1.68

1.68

1.64

1.54

1.50

1.50

1.52

1.51

1.46

1.48

1.42

1 1Q

1.40

1.38

1.38

1.38

1.43

1.39

1 14.

1.32

1.31

1.31

1 10

1.31

1.30 

1.31

1.28

Apr.

1.28

1.30

1.33

1 30

1.76

1.22

1.21

1.21

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.26

1 48

1.38

1.33

1.44

1.48

1.48

1 49

1.36

1.34

1 V)

1.28

i 11

1.36

1.47

1.44

1.38

1.34 

1.31

May.

1.28

1.24

1.22-

1.30

1.18

1.15

1.23

1.66

1.80

1.57

1.43

1.34

1.40

1.36

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.34

1.32

1.31

1.33

1.56

1 14.

1.42

1.60

1.61

1.44

#1.33

1.30

1.22

1.20

June.

1.18

1.17

1.15

1.14

1.28

1.46

1.38

1.22

1.26

1.55

1.40

2.96

2.56

2.52

2.74

2.18

1.92

1.79

1.68

1.57

1.60

1.63

1.52

1.62

1.73

1.69

1.54

1.50

1.56 

1.54

July.

1.43

1.42

1.38

1.60

1.92

1.75

1.78

1.69

1.64

1.60

1.56

2.12

1.78

1.64

1.54

1.46

1.96

1.78

1.56

1.44

1.41

1.38

1.36

1.32

1.33

1.32

1.30

1.38

1.46 

1.39

1.32

Aug.

1.30

1.32

1.30

1.46

1.32

1.26

1.28

1.30

1.30

1.32

1.22

1.15

1.20

1.20

1.22

1.22

1.20

1.17

1.20

1.20

1.24

1.34

1.30

1.28

1.22

1.26

1.30

1.23

1.18 

1.30

2.10

Sept.

3.38

2.32

1.86

1.76

1.76

1.77

1.59

1.50

1.49

1.44

1.41

1.48

1.42

1.39

1.38

1.35

1.30

1.28

1.26

1.25

1.26

1.22

1.20

1.20

1.30

1 64

1.50

1.64

1.42 

1.44

Oct.

1.40

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.32

1.68

2.82

2.82

2.52

2.04

1.79

1.68

1.62

1.54

1.50

1.48

1.44

1.42

1.43

1.74

1.70

1.50

1 45

1.35

1.32

i n

1.33

1.38

1.40 

1.34

1.33

Nov.

1.33

1.33

1.34

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1:28

1.26

1.25

1.24

1.24

1.24

1.30

1.28

1.28

1.20

1.23

1.20

1.20

1.19

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.28

1

OJ.

1 9^

1.30

1.28 

1.24

Dee.

1.22

1.45

1.34

1.42

1.44

2.07

1.98

1.64

1.54

1.56

1.34

1.52

1.30

1.16

1.36

1.32

1.27

1.38

1.43

1.34

1.23

1.16

1 jo

1.70

1.54

1.51

1.38

1.38

1.44 

1.63

1.60

NOTE. Eolation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 1 to 11 and during 

December.

NEW RIVER NEAR GRAYSON, VA.

This station, which is located at the Norfolk & Western Railway 

bridge at Fries Junction, about 1 mile from Grayson, Va., was established August 7, 1908.

Chestnut Creek enters immediately below the section. The drainage area above the station is about 1,160 square miles.

The datum of the chain gage attached to the railroad bridge has 

remained unchanged.

About 4 miles above the gaging section is a large cotton mill which 

is run by water power. The flow of the river during periods of low 

water is affected by the operation of this power plant. The relation 

of gage height is affected little if at all by ice.

The records are reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not 

yet been obtained to enable estimates of the flow to be made.
OHIO EIVEB BASIN. 

Discharge measurements of New River near Grayson, Va., in 1910.

65

Date.

Mar. 17

Oct. 22

Hydrographer. Width.

Feet. 

629

632

Area of 

section-.

Sq.ft. 

. 1,180

1,180

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.96

4.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,480

1,470

NOTE. Se$ table of miscellaneous discharge measurements on page 149 for results of discharge measure, 

ment made about 1 mile below this station.

Daily gage height, in feet, of New River near Grayson, Va.,for 1910. 

[Oscar Williams, observer.]

Day.

1.... ...........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7........ .......

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16............... 

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.98

4.08

4.54

4.46

4.20

4.08

4.55

4.85

4.40

4.10

3.99

3.92

4.10

4.10

4.04

3.98 

3.92

3.98

3.95

3.98

4.10

4.82

4.36

4.25

4.18

4.06

3.97

4.00

3.99

4.00

3.97

Feb.

3.80

3.82

3.99

4.16

4.02

3.88

3.89

3.86

3.99

3.96

4.04

3.80

3.80

3.91

4.02

4.34 

4.80

6.06

5.33

4.67

4.58

4.54

4.45

4.32

4.26

4.18

4.12

4.30

Mar.

4.92

5.05

4.85

4.60

4.46

4.40

4.40

4.22

4.17

4.14

4.13

4.14

4.11

4.01

3.98

3.92 

3.91

3.90

3.89

3.90

3.98

3.92

3.91

3.85

3.86

3.85

3.84

3.86

3.81

3.81

3. '<9

Apr.

3.80

3.79

3.84

3.88

3.84

3.79

3.79

3.73

3.72.

3.66

3.68

3.70

4.01

4.05

3.93

3.88 

3.98

4.11

4.08

3.96

3.93

3.90

3.89

3.88

3.98

4.04

4.12

4.11

4.06

3.94

May.

3.90

3.86

3.85

3.84

3.84

3.81

3.76

4.00

4.40

4.34

4.12

4.08

4.08

4.04

3.94

3.90 

3.88

3.90

3.95

3.92

3.90

3.90

4.14

4.14

4.28

4.45

4.20

4.06

3.96

3.90

3.85

June.

3.80

3.77

3.78

3.73

3.82

4.11

4.14

3.88

3.86

3.96

4.82

6.08

6.50

6.09

5.93

'5.46 

5.04

4.70

4.52

4.42

4.62

4.68

4.54

4.22

4.61

4.46

4.32

4.20

4.12

4.12

July.

4.10

4.00

4.02

3.62

4.30

4.62

4.52

4.54

4.98

4.42

4.26

4.40

4.75

4.50

4.22

4.15 

4.36

4.40

4.26

4.14

4.01

3.98

3.94

3.90

3.86

3.86

3.84

3.84

3.90

3.96

3.88

Aug.

3.85

3.80

3.%

3.92

4.08

3.95

3.85

3.93

3.92

3.83

3.78

3.76

3.80

3.87

3.80.

3.75 

3.87

3.70

3.72

3.76

3.78

3.88

3.88

3.80

3.76

3.75

3.76

3.74

3.74

3.75

4.23

Sept.

5.79

5.16

4.87

4.63

4.50

4.29

4.12

4.05

4.01

3.99

3.99

3.92

3.92

3.89

3\87

3.82 

3.79

3.75

3.73

3.72

3.73

3.75

3.70

3.69

3.71

3.75

3.87

3.99

3.97

3.93

-------

Oct.

3.88

3.81

3.77

3.75

3.72

3.82

4.44

5.32

5.31

4.65

4.27

4.11

4.01

3.97

3.93

3.89 

3.87

3.85

3.86

3.97

4.12

4.02

3.88'

3.85

3.81

3.80

3.80

3.86

3.84

3.83

3.82

Nov.

3.81

3.80

3.82

3.80

3.78

3.78

3.76

3.75

3.75

3.74

3.74

3.70

3.70

3.72

3.76

3.78 

3.78

3.71

3.72

3.71

3.70

3-70

3.68

3.69

3.72

3.72

3.71

3.75

3.77

3.92

-------

Dec.

3.72

3.70

3.69

3.72

3.86

4.20

4.50

4.48

4.26

4.12

4.00

3.90

3.73

3.63

3.65

3.79 

3,70

3.81

3.92

3.89

3.72

3.35

3.80

4.00

4.22

4.08

4.06

4.04

4.13

.4.25

4.36

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 1 to 4, and during 

December.

NEW RIVER AT RADFORD, VA.

This station, which is located at the toll highway bridge about 

1£ miles below the Norfolk & Western Railway bridge near the 

Norfolk & Western Railway station at Radford, Va., was established August 1 ; 1898, discontinued July 15, 1906, and reestablished 

May 6, 1907.

No important tributaries enter in the immediate vicinity of this 

station. Little River enters from the right about 6 miles above the 

station.

The United States Weather Bureau gage was originally used at 

this point, but owing to its inaccessibility it was replaced by a wire 

gage referred to the same datum February 23, 1900.- On December 1 ? 

50017° WSP 283 12 5 - -- 
66 SUEPACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1910, PAET III.

1903, the-wire gage was replaced by a chain gage and the datum 

lowered 3.41 feet to* avoid negative readings. Many errors entered 

into the gage readings prior to the installation of the chain gage, 

and estimates of discharge based on them are not very reliable. All 

estimates at this station were revised in 1905, but it was impossible 

to eliminate all the gage errors.

Conditions of flow are constant, and the discharge is only occasionally affected by backwater from ice. A good low-water rating curve 

has been developed from recent measurements and two recomputed 

measurements made in 1900 and 1901. At high stages the rating 

curve is only approximate. The tubular piers of the bridge interfere somewhat with the discharge measurements, and errors have 

occurred in some measurements due to not considering the area and 

velocity immediately above them.

Revised data for this station prior to 1906 have been published in 

Bulletin 3 of the Geological Survey of Virginia.

Discharge measurements of New River at Radford, Va., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 15

Oct. 20

Hydrographer.

C. T. Bailey ...............................................

Width.

Feet. 

540

539

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

1,780

1,660

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.85

3.62

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,730

2,120

Daily gage height, in feet, of New River at Radford, Va.,for 1910. 

[Wm. T. Linkous, observer.]

Day.

1..... ..........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12................

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24.. ............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.4

3.4

3.9

4.8

4.1

4.2

4.2

4.4

3.G

3.4

3.7

3.8

3 9

3.0

3.7

3.6

3.6

3 7

3.8

A 9

4.6

4.4

A O

4.1

3 9

3

0

3.4

3.8

3.9

Feb.

3.8

3.9

3.7

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.6

3

0

3

0

3 Q

3.9

3 Q

3.1

3 9

3

K

4.7

4.8

8.4

7 9

5.1

5.4

4 8

4.6

4.5

4

0

4.1

4.1

4.1

.......

Mar.

4.1

4.1

A Q

5.8

5 9

4.5

4.4

4

0

4 1

4.1

3

0

3 7

3.8

O. rre

3

Q

Q 7K

3.75

3

0

3

0

3

0

3.75

3 7

3 7

3 7

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.55

Apr.

3.6

3.7

3.6

3.95

3.85

3.8

3.6

3

K

3.5

3.4

3

AK

3.45

4.05

A 9

4 05

3 OK

3 Q

4.7

4.15

3.95

3.85

3 OK

3.75

3 7

3

7C

3 9

4.0

3 95 3*c

May.

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.65

3.6

3.55

3.5

3.55

3

7K

4.25

0 QK

3 Q

3.8

3.7

3.6

3 7

3 7

q o

3

Q

3 7

3 Q

4 2

4

0

4.5

4 45

4.15

3

0

q 7K

3.5

June.

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.4

3 45

3.6

4.0

3.8

3

0

1 05

5.05

7 Q

9.1

9 7

7.05

6.55

5.85

5

1

4 95

4.75

4.5

4 55

4.55

4 45

5.05

4.75

4.1

4.1

4.05

July.

4.0

4.0

3.9

4.15

4.15

3.95

4 OK

4.55

4.5

4.6

4.25

4.0

4.55

4.85

4.5

4 05

4.3

4.95

4.0

4.0

3

7C

3.7

3.6

3 EC

3.5

3

K

3 A

3.4

3.2

Aug.

3.4

3.35

3.4

3.5

3.7

3.6

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.5

3.4

3

K

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.55

^ 5

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.3

Sept.

5.2

5.25

4.25

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.1

3.8

,3.75

3.65

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.55

3.55

3.3

3.3

3

0

3 A

3.4

3.25"

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.55

Oct.

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.55

3.4

3.55

4.9

6.05

5.0

4.2

3.9

2.9

2

QK

3.0

2.9

2.9

3.4

3

K

3.6

3.5

3.65

3.6

3.5

3.45

3.4

3.45

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

Nov.

3.45

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.45

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.35

3.3

3.35

3.45

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.35

3.4

3.25

3.2

3.3

3.3

S 4S

3.5

3.45

Dec.

3.4

3.25

3.15

3.2

3.4

3.6

4.6

4.3

3.8

3.75

3.65

3.35

3.3

3.15

2.95

3.3

3.45

3.45

3.5

3.5

3.35

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.5

3.7

3.7

3.8

3.85

4.0

NOTE. Ice reported along banks Jan. 1; relation of gage height to discharge probably not affected by ice.
OHIO RIVER BASIN. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of New River at Radford, Va.,for 1910.

67

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4... ...........

5...............

6............... 7..........:....

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18..............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23..............

24...............

25...............

26......'.........

27...............

28..............

29. ..............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

1,580

1,580

2,930

6,020

3,560

3,890

3,890

4,580

4,580

2,080

1,580

2,350

2,630

2,930

2,930

2 OCA

2 ASA

2,080

2 OKA.

2,630

S

CftA

S oon

5,290

4

COA.

3

QQA.

3,560

2

QQA

2,630

1,580

2,630 

2,930

Feb.

2,630

2,930

2,350

2,350

2,630

2,630

2 080

2! 630

2,630

2

QDA

2,930

2

QQA

Qfifl

1,150

1,820

5,650

6,020

91 KAH

16,000

7,170

8 OKA

6,020

S oon

4,930

4 230

3

KAf)

3,560

3 can

.......

Mar.

3,560

3,560

6,400

9,970

7,560

4

QOA

4

QQA

4,580

4,230

3

QQA

3,560

3,560

2 R4TI

2,630

2,350

2 A4A.

2 490

2

'fiQA

2 490

2 J.QO,

2

cqrt

2

cqA

2

cqrt

2 J.QO,

2 OKA

2 OCA

2,350

2 080

2*080

2,080 

1,950

Apr.

2,080

2,350

2,080

3

AQA

2,780

2

CQA

2,080

1,820

1,820

1,580

1 700

1^700

3,400

3,890

3,400

2,780 9 o^n

5,650

3,720

3 080

2,.780

2,780

2 490

2 OCA

2 ion

2 <J3n

3,890

3 9dfi

3,080

2,630

May.

2,630

2,350

2,350

2,220

2,080

1 osn

1,820

1,950

2,490

4,060

3,080

2

QQA

2,630

2,490

2,350

2,080

2,350

2 OCA

2,630

2,630

2,080

2,350

2 930

3 QQf|

4,230

4,930

4,760

3 79A

2,630

2,490 

1,820

June.

1,580

1,580

1,820

1,580

1 700

2,080

3 240

2,630

2

«oA

3,080

6,980

19,200

24,900

27,800

15,300

13,100

10,200

7,170

6,590

5,840

4,930

5,110

5,110

4,760

6,980

5,840

3,560

S Cfifi

3,400

2,780

July.

3,240

3,240

2,930

3,720

3,720

3,080

5,110

4

QQA

5,290

4,060

3,240

5,110

6,210

4,930

3,400

4,230

6,590

5,110

3,240

3,240

2,490

2,350

2,080

1,950

1,820

1,820

1,580

1,580 

1,150

Aug.

1,580

1,470

1,580

1,820

2 ^<ui

2 ogo

*> vs\

2,080

2

AQA

1,820

2,080

1,700

1,580

1,580

1,820

1,580

1,820

1,580

1,820

1,580

1,820

1,820

2 ogo

1^820

1,950

1,820

2,350

2,080

2,080

1,820 

1,360

Sept.

7 ffS\

7,760

4,060

4,230

4,230

3

QQA

S Cfifi

3,560

2,630

2 490

2,220

1,820

1,820

1,820

1,950

1 osn

1,360

1,360

1,360

1,580

1,580

1,260

1,360

1,150

1,150

1,360

1,820

1,820

2,080

1,950

Oct.

1,820

1,820

1,580

1,580

1,950

1,580

1,950

6,400

11,000

6,780

3,890

2 Q3n

620

700

780

620

620

1,580

1,820

2,080

1,820

2,220

2,080

1,820

1,700

1,580

1,700

1,820

1,580

1,580 

1,580

Nov.

1,700

1,820

1,820

1,580

1,580

1,820

1,580

1,700

1,580

1,580

1,580

1,580 i ^fin

1,470

1,360

1,470

1,700

1,820

1,580

1,580

1,580

1,470

1,580

1,260

1,150

1,360

1,360

1,700

1,820

1,700

Dec.

1,580

1,260

1,060

1,150

1,580

2,080

5,290

4,230

2,780

2,350

2,220

1,470

1,360

1,060

700

1,360

1,700

1,700

1,820

1,820

1,470

1,360

1,150

1,150

1,360

1 820

2,350

2,350

2,630

2 780 

3,240

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve that is well defined between 

780 and 17,400 second-feet (gage heights 3.0 and 7.5 feet); fairly well defined between 17,800 and 24,400 secondfeet (gage heights 7.6 and 9.0 feet), and above 24,400 second-feet (gage height 9.0 feet)j is based on comparisons with record of flood discharge at Hinton, Kanawha Falls, and Charleston, \V. Va., and is poorly 

defined.

Monthly discharge of New River at Radford, Va.,for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 2,720 square miles.]

Month.

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,020 

21,500 

9,970 

5,650 

4,930 

27,800 

6,590 

2,350 

7,760 

11,000 

1,820 

5,290

27,800

Minimum.

1,580 

960 

1,950 

1,580 

1,820 

1,580 

1,150 

1,360 

1,150 

620 

1,150 

700

620

Mean.

3,100 

4,690 

3,440 

2,770 

2,750 

6,830 

3,490 

1,850 

" 2,560 

2,310 

1,570 

1,940

3,090

Per 

square 

mile.

1.14 

1.72 

1.26 

1.02 

1.01 

2.51 

1.28 .680' 

.941 

.849 

.577 

.713

1.14

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.31

1.79 

1.45 

1.14 

1.16 

2.80 

1.48 

.78 

1.05 

.98 

.64 

.82

15.40

Accuracy.

A.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.
68 SURFACE WATBB SUPPLY, 1910, PABT HI.

NEW RIVER AT FAYETTE, W. VA.

This station, which is located at the highway bridge connecting 

Fayette with South Fayette, W. Va., was established July 29, 1895; 

discontinued May 22, 1901; reestablished August 11, 1902; discontinued December 31, 1904; and reestablished July 16, 1908.

Wolf Creek enters on the left bank about 850 feet below the station; 

the drainage area above the section is about 6,800 square miles.

The bed of the river here is rock, with large bowlders on the bottom 

which causes eddies and boils at high stages. The bottom has been 

carefully sounded, and by using standard soundings and care in 

making measurements the discharge can be determined with accuracy.

The datum of the gage has remained constant during the maintenance of the station, but errors have entered into many of the gage 

readings prior to 1908, particularly before the chain gage was installed, 

November 20, 1903, the original wire gage being frequently many 

tenths in error. Owing to this cause and to the difficulty of making 

accurate measurements at Fayette, all estimates of discharge heretofore published are only fair.

Estimates of the discharge are withheld for the present.

Discharge measurements of New River at Fayette, W. Va., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 7

7

28

18

19

19

20

20

Oct. 12

Hydrographer.

.....do......................................................

.....do....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

C.T. Bailey ................................................

Width.

Feet. 

228

228

182

300

295

281

278

273

273

200

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

3,730

3,730

6,360

5,900

4,800

4,480

4,320

3,060

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.88

6.90

2.68

16.02

14.68

11.17

10.72

9.62

9.05

3.72

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

13,000

12,900

4,340

4A 7flrt

40,900

26,800

26 200

21,500

19,300

5,420
OHIO BIVEB BASIN. 69

Daily gage height, in feet, of New River at Fayette, W. Va.,for 1910. 

[A. E. Pierson, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2.... ...........

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14.. ....... ......

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24.. .............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

0.45

1.68

3.32

5.32

7.05

5.95

8.38

10.20

9.15

6.95

5.05

4.12

3.55

3.78

3

QQ

3.55

3.20

3.25

7.18

7.80

8.28

/13. 32

11.72

8.55

6.90

6.02

5.48

5.48

5.15

4.48

4.08

Feb.

3.80

3 4.1

3.42

4.55

5.62

5.42

4.96

3 CO

3.60

4.22

4.30

4.10

3.25

3.08

3

OO

4.30

7.32

11.20

15.30

10.92

8.45

7.50

7.90

7.95

6.98

5.40

5.08

.......

Mar.

7.95

12.32

9 7fl

8.15

7.12

6.85

6.78

6.35

5.78

5.48

5.25

5.18

5.38

5

OQ

A. QC.

4.70

4.08

3.82

3.58

3.42

3.26

3.18

3.15

9 o>;

9 7>;

2.78

9 fifi

2.55

2.46

2.39

Apr.

2.35

2 9*

2.22

2.85

3.77

4.28

3.65

3.15

2.85

2.58

2.38

2.48

3.58

5.35

6 12

5.39

4.61

5.02

6.15

6.30

6.42

7 08

6.52

7.16

7.10

6.85

6.40

6.60

6.46

' 6.20

May.

5.42

4

QA

4 ^H

3

QC.

3.60

3.34

3.15

3

OA

^ fiQ

4.20

4

QA

4.98

4.72

4.62

4

00

4 QQ

3.62

3.72

3.82

3.85

3.80

3.84

3

QC

4.82

5.22

4.90

4.22

4.00

4.10

June.

3 wi

3

nc

2

<7E\

2.48

2.70

7 tt

8.25

6.95

5.55

4.78

5.70

9 4rt

14.15

19.00

16.35

14.95

91 QF*

1 ft Q4

11.16

9 1Q

8.90

7 64

7.44

7 nfi

7.02

6.22

6.02

C f\A

4.42

4.08

July.

3.68

3 on

3.14

4.42

5 7ft

5.78

5.86

H fiQ

t OQ

5.82

A. fA

4.18

5.08

6

qO

5.68

4.95

7.82

9.48

7.70

5.75

4.58

3.86

3

Af\

3.19

2.94

2.52

2.32

2.18

2.04

2.00

Aug.

2.10

9 fift

1 Q9

1.75

1.82

1.94

2.10

9 fU.

1.80

1.73

1 82

1.54

1.38

1.19

1.15

1.22

1.35

1.26

1.24

1.12

.92

.92

1.26

1.18

1.32

1.60

1.42

1.80

1.40

1.35

1.22

Sept.

1.45

2 4.9

5.76

4 on

4. *tfi

4.32

4.12

3

K(\

9 Qft

9 HH

2.20

1.92

1.94

1 84

1.76

1.55

1.36

1.19

1.06

.92

.90

.88

.81

.72

.82

.71

1.48

1.98

2.34

Oct.

2.08

1.68

1 4.S

1.22

1.08

.94

.84

Qfi

2.88

5.85

4.90

3.62

2.72 2-25

1 Q9

1.64

1.43

1.28

1.10

1.10

1.08

1.38

1.78

1.81

1.54

1.31

1.24

1.18

1.18

1.11

1.16

Nov.

1.11

1.22

1 10

1.11

1.09

1.00

1.04

1.05

.90

.76

.74

.80

.76

.72

79

.62

.72

.85

.94

.84

.89

.78

.62

.66

.66

.62

.60

1.28

1.9ft

2.25

Dec.

2.38

2.00

1.85

1.28

1.08

. 1.86

2.90

3.82

4.00

3.00

2.50

2.18

2.20

1.80

1.30

1.02

.55

.30

1.60

1.78

1.50

1.25

.70

2.00

2.00

2.62

2.68

3.65

3.58

5.00

9.62

NORTH FORK OF NEW RIVER NEAR CRTJMPLER, N. C.

This station, which is located at a ford about 1 mile above the confluence of the North and South forks of New River, about 2£ miles 

north of Grumpier, N. C., was established August 13, 1908.

The drainage area above the section is about 279 square miles.

The chain gage is attached to posts on the right bank about onefourth mile below the ford. The datum of the gage has remained 

unchanged.

Discharge measurements are made by means of a boat at the ford 

or by wading.

The relation of gage height to discharge may be affected, to a small 

extent, by ice for short periods in winter. The records are accurate 

and reliable. Sufficient data have not been obtained to enable 

estimates of the discharge to be made.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. T. Bailey:

November 1, 1910: Width, 201 feet; area, 195 square feet; gage height, 1.64 feet; 

discharge, 216 second-feet.
70 SUBFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1910, PABT HI.

Daily gage height, in feet, of North Fork of New River near Grumpier, N. C.,for 1910.

[J. J. Garvey, observer.]

Day.

1...... .........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13.............

14.............

15...............

16.............

17.............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...........

23.............

24...............

26...............

26...............

27..........'...

28...............

29...........

30............

31...............

Jan.

2.53

2.93

2.98

2.48

2.15

2.10

3.82

2.72

2.57

2.26

2.17

2.20

2.04

2.00

1.96

1 69

2.00

1.99

2.54

2.13

2.98

2.75

2.48

2.42

2.20

2.09

2.16

2.13

2.10

1.95

2.24

Feb.

1.93

2.00

2.23

2.60

2.12

2.19

1.96

2.30

2 11

2.18

1.96

1.56

3.06

3.32

2.79

2.57

3.22

4.36

3.10

2.80

2

/*7

2.72

2.56

2.39

2.36

2.31

2.28

2.40

.......

Mar.

3.19

2.98

2.78

2.61

2.48

2.49

2.38

2.23

2.13

2.16

2.28.

2.16

2.05

1.98

1 93

i 07

1 Q9

1.86

1.82

1.92

1 ft7

1 ft*>

1 7Q

1 7ft

1.76

1.70

1 69

1.70

1 69

1.68

Apr.

1.66

1.66

1.68

1.70

1.64

1.59

1.58

1.54

1.56

1.51

1.48

1.57

2.18

1.87

1.70

1 94

1.88

2.16

1.94

1.92

1 96

1 96

1 Q*>

2.22

9 11

2.34

X Xl

2.12

2.02

May.

1.95

1.90

1.84

1.92

1.88

1.78

1.82

2.70

2.70

2.47

2.30

2.22

2.36

2.12

2.06

2 nn

1 no

2

11

2.04

1.96

2 00

2

qo

2 1Q

2 no

2

C7

2 1Q

2.04

I

nf.

I

ftft

1.83

June.

1.77

1.76

1.72

1.69

2.09

2.48

1.99

1.90

1.87

2.35

2.86

3.63

3.98

3.72

3.63

3.37

3.10

2.78

9 54.

2.42

3 on

3

AQ

2 77

2 no

2.58

2.16

2 no

2.07

2

(\A

July.

1.91

1.85

1.99

2.09

2.16

2.93

2.74

3.85

3.05

2.65

2.50

2.73

2.53

2.37

2.17

2.07

2.61

2.29

2.12

2.01

1 05

1 93

1.89

1.83

1.81

1.77

1 01

2

Ofi

o no

1.87

1.84

Aug.

1.79

1.95

1.79

2.33

2.22

1.97

1.89

1.97

1.97

1.81

1.76

1.65

1.85

1.82

1.68

1.71

1.63

1.57

1.73

1.84

9 ftS

1.87

1 79

i fid

1.61

1 t;o

1.68

I

RQ

1.52

1 64

3.09

Sept.

2.97

2.38

2.81

2.59

2.69

2.28

2.09

2.02

2.03

2.11

1.95

2.14

1.82

1.78

1.77

1.72

1.65

1.59

1.61

1.63

1.70

1.63

1.55

1.59

1.61

1.77

1 69

1.82

1.70

1.67

Oct.

1.73

1.63

1.57

1.57

1.60

1.63

1.99

2.24

2.33

1.91

1.77

1.71

1.63

1.63

1.59

1.58

1 57

1.56

1.59

2.05

1 01

1.68

1.70

1.57

1.57

1.53

1 49

1.81

1.73

1.69

1.68

Nov.

1.66

1.70

1.70

1.66

1.60

1.60

1.59

1.56

1.56

1.53

1.53

1.52

1.60

1.53

1.80

1.62

1.52

1.53

1.52

1.52

1.50

1 4Q

1.48

1.51

1.80

1.78

1.60

1.77

2.18

1.88

Dec.

2.15

2.36

2.32

2.27

2.16

4.10

2.78

2.32

2.22

2.08

2.14

1.82

1.68

1.74

1.82

1.78

1.65

1.91

1.93

1.88

1.31

1.65

2.08

2.67

2.16

2.14

2.08

2.04

2.26

2.56

2.46

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 1 to 11 and during 

December.

REED GREEK AT GRAHAMS FORGE, VA.

This station, which is located at the highway bridge at Grahams 

Forge, Va., was established July 29, 1908.

The drainage area above the station is about 247 square miles.

There is a dam and grist mill just above the station. The storage 

is small, and the miller states that water flows over the dam at all 

times, so that the flow is modified little, if any, by the dam.

The datum of the chain gage attached to the bridge has remained 

unchanged, and the records are reliable and accurate.

Sufficient data have not been obtained to enable estimates of the 

discharge to be made.

Discharge measurements of Reed Creek at Grahams Forge, Va., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 18

Oct. 21

Hydrographer.

C.T. Bailey...............................................

Width.

Feet. 

125

124

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

218

184

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.41

2.09

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

192

95.1
OHIO KIVE& BASIN". 71

Daily gage height, infect, of Reed Creek at Grahams Forge, Fa., for 1910. 

[Munsey Runion, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15..............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19.............

20..............

21.............

22.............

23.............

24.......

25...............

as.. .............

27............. .

28.............

29.............. 

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

2.16

2.15

2.50

2.52

2.40

2.40

3.20

3.00

2.62

2.50

2.53

2.46

2.40

2.36

2.34

2.31

2.28

2 on

2.32

9 d-^i

2 eo

2

EE

2.88

2 7J.

2

EQ

2.51

2 d.7

2.48

2.47

2.48

Feb.

2.42

2.40

2.42

2.48

2.46

2.58

2.52

2.46

2.44

2.40

2.36

2.31

2.32

2.38

2 JO

2 fid.

3 11

4.25

3

1 A

2 O1

2 on

2 on

2 79

2

ftA

2

cfi

2.50

2

CA

2 en

.......

Mar.

2.62

2.88

2.84

2.78

2.73

2.75

2.91

2.76

2.66

2.60

2.60

2.55

2.46

2.41

9 d.1

2.35

9 QQ

2

04.'"

2

QQ

2 On

2.51

2

AQ

2

QO

2

OQ

2

0-|

2

00

2 9ft

2 no

2.30 

2.26

2.26

Apr.

2.24

2.24

2.24

2.38

2.34

2.32

2.31

2.20

2.22

2.16

2.31

2.31

3.22

2.90

2 fid.

2.58

2.65

2 on

9 7fi

2 fid.

2 64

2 ftQ

2.67

2.66

2.75

9 Rd.

2

QC

2.64

2

ZA

May.

2.54

2.48

2.42

2.41

2.36

2.34

2.33

2.40

2.44

2.40

2.38

2.34

2.32

2.31

2.32

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.46

2

A(\

2

K1

2 49

2 54

2 ^7

2

CA

2 7J.

9 1i

2 48

2.38 

2.28

2.25

June.

2.23

2.22

2.20

2.21

2.28

2.68

2.56

2.42

2.36

2.40

3.44

3.44

4.80

4.40

3.74

3.32

3 40

3.16

2

QA

2.95

2

7Q

2 ftQ

2.63

2.60

2.58

9 <(A

2.46

2.41

2.40

2

9A

July.

2.30

2.34

2.36

2.36

2.38

2.49

2.S6

2. SI

2.47

2.46

2.38

2.36

2.38

2.35

2.33

2.30

2.42

2.64

2.55

2.47

2

^i2.34

2 26

2.29

2.28

2.31

2

OQ

2 99.

2.26

2.26

Aug.

2.22

2.25

2.26

2.42

2.39

2.31

2.26

2.23

2.28

2.26

2.27

2.21

2.20

2.20

2.14

2.17

2.04

2.08

2.18

2.14

9 ftQ

2.16

9 n.9

2.09

2.10

2 no

2.10

2 1 P»

2.08 

2.10

2.09

Sept.

2.08

2.17

2.20

2.14

2.10

2.14

2.14

2.15

2.16

2.22

2.24

2.13

2.14

2.16

2.14

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.04

2.10

2.08

2.11

2.11

2.07

2.05

2.12

2.32

2.06 

2.06

Oct.

2.08

2.07

2.06

2.08

2.06

2.06

2.08

2.19

2.21

2.09

2.09

2.07

2.08

2.08

2.05

2.01

2.02

2.01

2.05

2.11

2.48

2.10

2.10

2.05

2.07

2.04

2.06

2.07

2.06 

2.02

2.02

Nov.

2.04

2.00

2.02

2.02

2.03

2.04

2.02

2.00

2.00

2.04

2.04

2.04

2.02

2.04

2.06

2.04

2.04

2.06

2.04

2.03

2.00

2.02

2.02

2.03

2.03

2.05

2.04

2.04

2.10 

2.13

Dec.

2.08

2.05

2.06

2.07

2.06

2.52

2.48

2.25

2.19

2.10

2.16

2.12

2.08

2.14

2.10

2.12

2.10

2.08

2.05

2.00

2.00

2.06

2.14

2.11

2.17

2.20

2.17

2.21

2.19 

2.28

2.38

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Dec. 8 to 23.

BIG REED ISLAND CREEK NEAR ALLISONIA, VA.

This station, which is located at J. P. Thomas's farm, about 1$ 

miles from Allisonia, Va., was established July 31, 1908.

The drainage area above the section is about 291 square'miles. 

Little Reed Island Creek is tributary on the left bank a short distance* 

below the station.

Discharge measurements are made from a suspension footbridge 

at Thomas's farm.

A vertical staff gage is fastened to a tree on the left bank about 

1,200 feet above the bridge. The datum of the gage has remained 

unchanged.

The records are reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not 

been obtained to enable estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements of Big Reed Island Creek near Allisonia, Va., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 16

Oct. 24

Hydrographer.

C. T. Bailey ...............................................

Width.

Feet. 

203

201

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

276

263

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.69

0.52

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

344

254
72 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1910, PART HI.

Dally gage height, in feet, of Big Reed Island Creek near Allisonia, Va.,for 1910.

[Arie Lilly, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3... ...'.. .......

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10.. .............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14. ..............

15. ..............

16...............

17...............

18...............

10

20. ..............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27. ..............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1.0

1.05

.8

.65

.65

2.0

1.0

.85

.65

.65

.6

.65

.65

.6

.6

.6

.6

.65

.6

1.7

1.3

.85

.75

.7

.7

.65

.66

.66

.65

.6

Feb.

0.65

75

.85

.7

.75

QC

QC

.95

.85

.8

.85

.66

95

oer

Q

QK

1 if.

2.65

1 3

QC

1.1

QC

.95

.95

1.0

.85

.85

1.3

Mar.

2.1

1 oc

.85

75

.7

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

Apr.

0.60

.5

65

at

.75

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

QC

7R

.7

.6

g

1.1

.8

.8

75

.7

.6

.7

.8

.7

.6

.6

May.

0.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.65

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.7

.6

.6

.7

.7

1.2

1.0

1.15

1.2

.85

.8

.7

.7

.7

June.

0.6

.6

.6

.6

.7

.75

.65

.65

1.05

1.35

3.4

2.65

1.85

1 5fi

1.25

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.2

.95

95

1.05

95

.85

.8

.8

.7

.7

July.

0.7

.6

75

f

.65

.6

1.1

1.1

.95

.75

.61 <?

1.3

1.25

.95

.8

1.2

05

75

.7

.7

.7

.65

.6

.55

.6

.6

.6

.6

.65

Aug.

0.6

.6

.5

.5

.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.8

.8

.85

.6

.5

.65

.75

Sept.

1.0

0.95

.85

1.2

.85

'.65

.6

.65

.7

.55

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.5

.45

.4

Oct.

0.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

2.15

1.4

1.65

.85

.7

.7

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

. .55

.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.6

.5

.5

.5

Nov.

0.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.45

.4

.4

A K

.5

..5

.4

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.55.

.55

.5

Dec.

0.5

.5

.5

.6

.6

1.25

.8

.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.6

.7

.6

.7

.5

.5

.5

.5

.6

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to 25, Feb. 7 to 13, and Dec. 13 to 24. 

On Dec. 24 the gage was torn away by the ice going out.

LITTLE RIVER NEAR COPPER VALLEY, VA. /

This station, which is located at the highway bridge about 5 miles 

soutl\ of Childress and 1 mile north of Copper Valley, Va., was 

established July 28, 1908.

Indian Creek enters about 600 feet below the station. The drainage 

area above the section is about 195 square miles.

The datum of the chain gage, attached to the bridge, has remained 

unchanged.

The records are reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not 

been obtained to enable estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements of Little River near Copper Valley, Va., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 14

Oct 19

Hydrographer.

C. T. Bailey. . .............................................

.... .do. ....................................................

Width.

Feet. 

153

148

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

300

274

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.60

3.41

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

228

155
OHIO BIVER BASIN. 73

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little River near Copper Valley, Va.,for 1910. 

[Thos. A. De Hart, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...... *.........

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.54

3.72

S Q9

3.78

3.62

3.52

4.61

3.71

3.44

3.65

3.60

3.60

3.65

3.55

3.52

3.55

3.50

Q 4Q

3.51

3.40

4.58

423

3.82

3.66

3 Eft

3.73

3.46

3.48

3.43

4.13

Feb.

3.47

3.73

Q 74

3.93

3.80

3.74

3.48

3.84

3.70

3.76

3.83

3.78

3.78

3.83

3.80

3.90

4.73

6.00

412

460

4.14

4.10

3.96

3.79

3.66

3.68

3.66,

3. 97

Mar.

4.78

4.54

4 10

3 on

3.80

3.93

4 00

S 7Q

3.72

3.69

3.69

3.68

3.62

3.54

3.49

3.47

3.49

3

4Q

^l 4.7

3.48

3.48

3.48

3 4.fi

3.44

3

4.Q

3.39

3.40

3.39

3.42

3.42

Q 4R

Apr.

3

OQ

3

AQ

3.54

3.80

3

CQ

3.50

Q 44.

3

07

3.36

3.30

3.34

3.42

3.66

3.48

Q 47

4.06

4 14

3.80

3.69

3.59

3

Efi

3.54

3

EO

3.67

3.69

3 fin

3.53

3.48

May.

3

AA

3.43

3

AR

3.46

3.42

3.38

3 40

3

EQ

3.59

3 49

3.41

3

4.O

3.41

3.37

3.36

3 41

3.55

3.42

3.41

3.47

3

40

3.59

3 71

3.65

3.53

3.37

3.33

3.37

3.36

June.

3.28

3.28

3 OK

3.22

3.37

3 f\n

3.45

3

00

3 Oft

3.51

3.92

5.19

f, 77

5.82

4.75

4.65

4.27

4 O.9

3.85

3.73

3.85

3.85

3 Q1

3.89

4 45

3.81

3.69

3

EQ

3.57

3.55

July.

3

EO

3 47

3.45

3.67

3.66

3.65

q. fin

3.85

3.81

3.62

3.55

3.81

4.09

4.07

3.66

4.68

4 no

3.80

3.65

3.59

3.57

3 7K

3.55

3 4O

3.45

3.47

3.46

3.45

3.47

Aug.

Q 49

3.41

3

4O

3

40

3.46

3.42

3

00

3

QQ

3.41

3.37

3.37

3.36

3

00

3.35

3.37

3.45

3.43

3.43

3 4Q

^l 4.1

3.38

3.39

Q 41

3.36

3.45

3.53

3.52

3.47

3.38

3.38

4.35

Sept.

4.14

3.78

S

EE

3.76

Q K.4.

3 49

3.42

' 3.38

3.40

3.36

3.38

Q 41

3.36

3.38

3.36

3.32

3

0ft

3.28

3.31

3.30

3.31

3.26

3.26

q OK

3.33

3.48

3.32

3.30

3.36

Oct.

Q AA

3.35

3

Oft

3.27

3.25

3.28

4 30

4.31

4.76

3.76

3.56

3.54

^3 44

3.42

3.42

3.38

3.38

3.38

3.34

3.85

3.56

3.47

Q 44

3.37

3

Ofi

3.38

3.38

3.42

3.40

3.37

Nov.

3.35

3.37

3 4.fi

3.38

3.35

3.28

3

0O

3

QE

3.32

'3.34

3.32

3.31

3.27

3.30

3.44

3.41

3.32

3.32

3.35

3.28

3.28

3.31

3.35

3.30

O Oft

3.32

3.30

3.34

3.52

3.41

Dec.

3.22

3,22

3

Q4

3.32

3.45

3.71

3

RA

3.66

3.66

3.64

3.58

3.36

3.25

3.31

3.43

3.50

3.34

3.35

3.40

3.31

3.33

3.40

3.29

3.59

1 fiS

3.70

3.63

3.47

3.53

3.73

3.89

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 1-25, Feb. 7-17, and Dec. 1-24. 

WALKEfe CHEEK AT STAFFORD SVILLE, VA.

This station, which is located at the highway bridge at Staffordsvilie, Va., was established July 24, 1908.

Whitley Creek enters a short distance above the station. The 

drainage area above the section is about 277 square miles. A dam 

and power plant about 250 feet above the station may modify the 

flow in extreme low water.

The datum of the chain gage attached to the bridge has remained 

unchanged.

The records are reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not 

been obtained to enable estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements of Walker Creek at Staffordsmlle, Va.,in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 12

Apr. 29

Oct. 18

Hydrographer.

C.T. Bailey..............................................

.....do.....................................................

Width.

Feet. 

110

111

SO

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

188

224

84.5

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

410

430

296

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

358

476

56.6
74 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1910, PABT HI.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Walker Creek at Staffordsville, Va.,for 1910. 

[W. E. Durham, observer.]

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4... ............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21........... ...

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

3.18

3.66

3.81

3.60

3.68

5.65

5.08

4.46

4 flft

3.86

3.92

3.78

3.70

3.65

3.52

3.56

3.61

3.98

4.03

6.08

6.15

5.10

' 4.62

4.36

4.05

3

QQ

4.00 

3.76 

3.92

Feb.

3.64

3.68

3.86

4.28

4.25

4.14

3.70

3.95

3.90

3.81

Q 71

3.52

3.74

3.61

3.72

Q Q9

5.28

6.52

5

OA

4.82

4.66

4.56

4

01

4.16

4.04

4

AA

3 94

3 Q7

Mar.

4.62

4 84

4 fifi

A 4fi

4.37

Q 51

4 94

4.65

4.54

A Oft

4 17

4

f\ft

3.96

3 Oft

3.82

3.74

3.72

3.63

3.62

3.60

3.60

3.56

3.51

3 40

3.36

3 on

3.40 

3.38 

3.34

Apr.

3.30

3

01

3.37

3.50

3.52

3

A<y

3.34

3.30

3.30

a

Ort

0 t\A

3.36

5.00

4 54

4.20

4.03

4 1Q

4 64

4

KO

A OK

A 91

A ftft

3 99

A ftQ

4 04

A OG

4

0O

4

OO

4.22 

4.14

May.

4.02

3.87

3.76

3.74

3.70

3 fin

3.61

'3.78

3.79

Q 77

o 7«

3.68

3.68

3.64

3.59

3.55

3.52

3 54

3.61

3

<M

3.60

3

K7

3

Krt

3 A ft

°. 74

3.82

3.74

3 60

3.50 

3.50 

3.46

June.

3.36

3.33

3.27

3.26

3.41

A nn

3.99

3.73

3.62

3.82

5.34

5.50

8.25

7.71

6.42

5.77

5.82

5.30

4.80

4.62

A d!)

4.27

3.93

3.86

3 7ft

3.68

3

ftO

3.56 

3.51

July.

3.44

3.38

3.39

3.46

3.54

3.56

3.86

3.58

3.51

3 AD

3.70

3.74

3.60

3.50

3.42

3.54

3.76

3.70

3 64

3.46

3.38

3.32

3.26

3.24

q *>n

3.18

a 14

3.14 

3.11 

3.10

Aug.

3.08

3.08

3.02

3.15

3.16

3.10

3.12

3.11

3.16

3.10

3.00

3.00

2.92

2.90

2.91

2.92

2.90

2.88

2.80

2.86

3.01

9 Q«

2 QA

2.89

2.89

2 QQ

3.00

3.06

3.02 

3.00 

3.12

Sept.

3.08

3.12

3.40

3.40

3.36

3.22

3.16

3.04

3.04

3.00

9 QQ

3.00

3.01

9 QQ

2.96

3.00

2.92

o oft

9 O9

2.96

2.95

2

Q4

2.72

2.92

2.85

9 on

2.94

9 Qfi

2.90 

2.99

Oct.

2.94

2.93

2.92

2.90

2.92

2.86

2.92

3.04

3.16

3.12

3.03

3.00

2.95

2.94

2.88

2.90

2.84

2.88

2.90

2.98

2.97

3

AA

2.97

2.89

2.96

2.97

9 Q4

2.96 

2.90 

2.93

Nov.

2.92

2.99 9'O9

2.96

2.92

2.86

2.85

2.86

2.95

2.90

2.88

2.94

2.90

2.82

2.90

2.91

2.94

2.94

2.88

2.91

2.86

2.89

2.92

2.83

2.87

2.90

2.97

3.00

3.05 

3.10

Dec.

3.06

2.94

2.90

2.99

3.02

3.14

3.39

3.22

3.13

3.10

3.10

3.05

2.98

2.89

2.96

2.99

2.90

3.02

3.05

3.05

2.91

2.90

3.14

3.29

3.41

3.36

3.34

3.31

3.32 

3.60 

3.80

NOTE. No ice reported by observer; relation of gage height to discharge probably not affected by ice. 

WOLF CREEK NEAR NARROWS, VA.

This station, which is located at a highway bridge about 3 miles 

above Narrows, Va., was established July 22, 1908.

Mil Creek is the most important tributary below the station.

The drainage area above the station is about 223 square miles.

The datum of the chain gage attached to the highway bridge has 

remained unchanged.

The records are reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not 

been obtained to enable estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements of Wolf Creek near Narrows, Va., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 11

21

Apr. 28

Oct. 18

Hydrographer.

C.T. Bailey...............................................

.... .do. ....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do....................................................

Width.

Feet.

85

78

85

76

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

210

158

223

96.6

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.71

3.22

4.00

2.42

Discharge.

Sec.~ft. 

345

194

508

33.3
OHIO EIVEE BASIN. 75

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wolf Creek near Narrows, Va.,for 1910. 

[John A. Bale, observer.]

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.74

2.85

3.70

3.65

3.46

3.36

5.05

4.35

3.86

3.59

3.40

3.34

3.30

3.28

3.21

3.12

3.12

3.35

4.36

4.02

5.35

5.20

4.45

4.04

3.83

3.72

3.62

3.66

3.62

3.44

3.52

Feb.

3.38

3.18

3.52

4.06

3.92

3.80

3.44

3.54

3.49

3.56

3.42

3.31

3.34

3.28

3.33

3.52

4.38

4.98

4.40

4.10

3.96

 3.90

3.78

3.68

3.56

^ 4a

3.42

3.44

Mar.

4.06

4.14

4.06

3.92

3.80

3.95

4.14

4.02

3.88

3.74

3.71

3.62

3.58

3.54

3.48

3.40

3.32

3.30

3.28

3.26

3.26

3.22

3.18

3.11

3.08

3.06

3.05

3.02

3.01

t no

2.98

Apr.

2.96

2.94

3.00

3.12

3.16

3.08

3.04

3.02

2.98

2.96

2.92

2.96

3.38

3.62

3.50

3.42

3.52

3.82

3.74

3.72

3.68

3.80

3.75

4.04

4.22

4.20

4.10

4.02

3.90

t 7a

May.

3.66

3.46

3.48

3.42

3.35

3.32

3.50

3.48

3.44

3.42

3.56

3.54

3.48

3.40

3.36

3.43

3.46

3.38

3.36

3.30

3.24

3.20

4.04

4.20

3.81

3.64

3.49

3.28

June.

3.25

3.18

3.12

3.06

3.36

4.40

4.08

3.81

3.61

3.62

3.90

4.42

5.08

5.35

4.75

4.62

5.40

4.75

4.28

4.06

3.88

4.22

4.25

3.94

3.98

3.83

3.62

3.48

3.36

3.28

July.

3.19

3.11

3.12

3.06

3.11

3.38

3.32

3.32

3.35

3.24

3.18

3.14

3.03

3.10

3 04

3.00

3.03

3.42

3.50

3.32

3.18

3.07

3.00

3.02

2.90

2.85

2.81

2.80

2.78

2.76

2.80

Aug.

2.75

2.71

2.72

2.71

2.98

2.86

2.76

2.76

2.94

2.76

2 74

2.70

2.68

2.66

2.64

2.64

2.66

2.60

2.65

2.67

2.66

2.60

2.60

2.58

2.58

2.63

2.62

2.62

2.62

2.60

2.60

Sept.

2.64

2.70

2.78

2.80

2.70

2.72

2.73

2.67

9 AQ

2.70

2.73

2.73

2.71

2.63

9 t\O

2.60

2.S6

2.51

2.54

2.53

2.53

2.51

2.51

2.50

2.49

2.55

2.53

2.57

2.63

2.57

Oct.

2.55

2.53

9 HI

2.51

9 47

2.45

2.55

2.63

2.63

O KQ

2

EE

2.51

2.50

2.47

2 47

2.48

2.48

2.43

2.44

2.48

2.54

2.54

2

KA

2.52

9 47

2 44

2.46

2.52

2.49

Nov.

2.47

2.47

9 4fi

2.46

2.44

2.44

2.44

2.43

9 A3

2.44

2.44

2.44

2.44

2.46

2.45

9 44

2.44

2.46

2.48

2.46

2.45

2.44

2.46

2.44

2.48

2,60

3.18

3.00

Dec.

2.78

2.66

2

ftA

9 71

9 71

9 OS

3.32

2.98

9 Q9

9 RQ

9 Oft

2.88

2.87

2.72

2 74

2.76

2.66

9 fiA

2.76

2.80

2.66

2.60

2.78

3.14

3.42

3.22

3.12

3.06

3.02

3.70

4.10

NOTE. Mush Ice is reported Dec. 15; relation of gage height to discharge probably not affected by ice. 

BLUE STONE BIVEB AT LILLY, W. VA.

This station, which is located about 2,000 feet below the mouth of 

Little Bluestone River at Lilly, W. Va., was established August 22, 

1908.

The drainage area above the station is about 454 square miles.

Discharge measurements are made by means of a boat or by 

wading. A staff gage in two sections is fastened to trees on the left 

bank below the measuring section. The gage datum has remained 

unchanged. v

The records are reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not 

been obtained to enable estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements of Bluestone River at Lilly, W. Va., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 9

Aug. 24

Hydrographer. Width.

Feet. 

153

43

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

540

75.2

Gage

height.

Feet. 

2,66

1.23

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

570

o71.9

Measurement made by wading, not at regular section.
76 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PABT HI.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofBluestone River at Lilly, W. Va.,for 1910. 

[W. H. Lilly, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14. ..............

15. ..............

16. ..............

17...............

18...............

19................

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29. ..............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

3.10

2.70

2.45

2.38

3.95

3.55

2.72

2.55

2.45

2.31

2.01

2.05

1.95

1.82

2.65

3.70

4.40

4.60

3.45

2.95

2.65

2.50

2.60

2.90

2.80

2.50

2.45

Feb.

2.45

2.90

2.68

3.35

3.42

2.95

2.85

2.55

2.45

2.45

2.50

2.32

2.22

2.30

2.28

3.35

4.25

4.02

3.25

2.76

2.70

2.75

2.81

2.72

2.50

2.36

2.30

2.54

.......

Mar.

4.70

4.38

3.62

3.22

2.82

2.76

3.30

2.62

2.50

2.48

2.48

2.71

2.72

2.58

2.38

2.28

2.18

2.02

1.99

1.92

1.92

1.86

1.82

1.68

1.68

1.70

1.68

1.62

1.61

1.60

Apr.

1.58

1.54

1.59

2.20

2.54

2.28

2.10

1.98

1.88

1.82

1.74

1.72

2.57

2.86

2.60

2.36

2.46

2.59

2.86

3.34

3.18

3.62

3.45

3.12

2.94

2.82

2.68

May.

2.48

2.32

2.21

2.13

2.05

1.98

1.92

2.14

2.46

2.64

2.47

2 40

2.54

2.68

2.45

2.18

2.36

2.80

r 2.50

2.53

2.40

2.26

2.16

2.22

2.27

2.18

1.92

2.18

2.65

June.

2.00

1.92

1 92

1.84

2.68

4.40

3.45

2.78

2.48

2.46

2.82

3.45

4.00

3.66

3.70

5.15

6.10

4.20

3.29

2.95

2.95

2.70

2.75

2.68

2.85

2.40

. 2.29

2.48

1.88

1.79

July.

1.73

1.58

1.45

2.15

3.35

3.05

2.65

3.05

2.88

2.62

2.45

2.27

2.25

2.48

2.70

2.30

2.60

6.75

4.65

4.40

3.10

2.32

2.15

1.99

1.88

1.76

1.70

1.48

1.40

1.44

1.41

Aug.

1.41

1.46

1.42

1.40

1.36

1.30

1.35

1.29

1.20

1..20

1.16

1.11

1.14

1.10

1.07

1.14

1.00

1.00

1.02

1.07

1.11

1.26

1.24

1.16

1.10

1.16

1.19

1.20

1.18

1.10

1.06

Sept.

1.57

1.65

1.82

1.91

1.92

1.80

1.44

1.34

1.34

1.26

1.26

1.22

1.16

1.23

1.14

1.07

1.12

1.07

.99

.99

.98

.92

.97

.96

.98

1.00

1.35

1.20

1.15

1.24

Oct.

1.14

1.10

1.10

1.04

.99

.96

.98

1.02

1.06

1.02

1.02

 1.04

1.04

1.02

.94

.96

.98

.94

.84

.83

.86

.98

.99

.98

1.04

1.04

1.02

1.00

1.02

1.04

1.04

Nov.

1.09

1.04

1.06

1.02

1.04

1.02

1.02

1.00

.98

.94

.98

.98

.90

.99

.96

.96

.92

.92

.99

.94

.88

.88

.79

.79

.85

.98

1.05

2.05

2.00

Dec.

1.65

1.45

1.35

1.44

1.38

2.30

2.75

2.15

1.90

1.90

1.78

1.82

1.65'

1.50

1.45

1.38

1.40

1.35

1.38

1.42

1.38

1.32

1.15

1.45

1.62

2.00

1.98

1.95

2.04

2.79

3.00

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 1 to 3 and Dec. 18 to 26. 

GREENERIES, RIVER NEAR MARLINTON, W. VA.

"This station, which is located at the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway 

bridge on the spur that runs to Campbell's lumber mill near Marlinton, W. Va., was established July 9, 1908.

Stoney Creek enters immediately above the station. The drainage area above the section is about 408 square miles.

The datum of the chain gage attached to the railroad bridge has 

remained unchanged.

The records are reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not 

been obtained to enable estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements ofGreenbrier River near Marlinton-, W. Va., in 1910.

Date. Hydrographer.

J.C.Dort.... .............................................

C.T. Bailey...............................................

Width.

Feet. 

183

183

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

318

319

height.

Feet. 

3.88

3 77

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

264

233
OHIO BIVEB BASIN. 77

Daily gage height, in feet, o/Greenbrier River near Marlinton, W. Va.,for 1910. 

[Paris G. Johnston, observer.]

Day.

1.... ...........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15.... ......... v

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

(a)

.......

.......

4.71

4.59

4.30

4.25

4.20

4.05

4.04

4.02

4.00

4. 12

5.55

4.95

6.24

6.34

5.52

4.84

4.53

4.30

4.34

4.29

4.20

4.17

4.15

Feb.

4.12

4.10

4.09

4.07

4.05

4.05

4.04

4.04

4.12

4.10

4.10

4.09

4.08

4.15

4.19

4.30

6.00

7.89

5.72

5.40

5.19

5.50

5.58

5.10

4.75

4.50

4.26

5.17

.......

Mar.

7.25

6.32

5.15

5. 35

5.05

5.00

4.95

4.79

4.49

4.40

4.45

4.40

4.36

4.34

4.31

4.28

4.21

4.13

4.00

3.96

3.92

3.91

3.90

3.90

3.90

3.90

3.88

3.86

3.84

3.82

3.80

Apr.

3.76

3.76

3.74

3.76

3.81

3.82

3.80

3.80

3.76

3.72

3.70

3.74

4.10

4.21

4.12

4.05

4.10

4.24

4.38

4.46

4.48

4.45

4.44

4.65

4.80

4.78

4.76

4.85

4.75

4.61

May.

4.44

4.26

4.12

4.06

3.98

3.85

3.82

3.88

3.92

3.90

3.86

3.84

4.12

4.64

4.58

4.38

4.25

4.17

4.10

4.08

4.30

4.30

4.24

4 rt. 1QJ.J7

4.38

4.36

4.24

4.15

4.14

4.08

4.06

June.

4.02

4.02

4.06

4.08

5.48

6.15

5.81

5.19

4.38

4.92

6.26

6.48

6.79

6.80

6.15

10.30

8.62

6.39

5.78

5.46

5.24

5.04

4.86

4.70

4.47

4.29

4.16

4.05

3.96

3.88

July.

3.83

3.79

3.83

3.86

3.90

3.96

3.99

4.04

4.01

3.98

3.92

3.86

3.81

3.91

4.16

4.38

4 54

4. 42

4.30

4.18

4.04

3.92

3.86

3.82

3.73

3.64

3.58

3.56

3.53

3.50

3.46

Aug.

3.44

3.42

3.40

3.36

3.44

3.41

3.38

3.37

3.36

3.35

3.36

3.42

3.54

3.48

3.44

3.38

3.38

3.48

3.46

3.42

3.45

3.86

3.74

3.55

3.46

3.41

3.37

3.34

3.32

3.30

3.32

Sept.

3.68

4.12

3.96

4.22

4.65

4.50

4.18

3.86

3.73

3.67

3.60

3.52

3.51

3.60

3.56

3.50

3.46

3.40

3.41

3.42

3.36

3.34

3.32

3.30

3.58

3.90

4.04

3.90

3.78

3.68

Oct.

3.59

3.49

3.37

3.30

3.34

3.40

3.36

3.48

3.86

3.79

3.71

3.62

3.52

3.46

3.42

3.38

3.38

3.36

3.35

3.34

3.32

3.32

3.30

3.42

3.46

3.39

3.34

3.32

3.46

3.46

3.42

Nov.

3.38

3.44

3.46

3.42

3.40

3.38

3.36

3.35

3.34

3.34

3.32

3.31

3.30

3.30

3.28

3.28

3.27

3.26

3.26

3.24

3.24

3.23

3.25

3.77

3.92

3.82

3.74

3.59

3.78

3.93

Dec.

3.84

3.96

3.86

......

"~3. 85

......

......

......

......

......

a Jan. 1 to 8, gage not read because of illness of observer. 

6 Dec. 4 to 31, gage record lost by observer.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Dec. 10 to 26.

GREENBREER RIVER AT ALDERSON, W. VA.

This station, which is located at the highway bridge at Alderson, 

W. Va., was established August 1, 1895, discontinued July 15, 1906, 

and reestablished May 10, 1907.

Muddy Creek, the only important tributary in the immediate 

vicinity of this station, enters from the right about half a mile below 

the bridge.

The drainage area above the station is about 1,340 square miles.

The accuracy of the records is little affected by ice. The'datum 

' of the chain gage attached to the bridge has remained the same since 

the installation of the station.

Conditions of flow are nearly permanent and a good rating curve 

has been developed.
78 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PAET HI.

Discharge measurements of Greenbrier River at Alderson, W. Va., in 1910.

Date.

Ancr OQ

Oct. 11

Hydrographer.

J. C. Dort....... ..........................................

Width.

Feet. 

305

367

Area of 

section.

Sq..ft. 

279

499

Gage 

height.

Feet.

1 7fi

9 3rt

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

163

572

Daily gage height, in feet, of Greenbrier River at Alderson, W. Va., for 1910. 

[W. J. Hancock, observer.]

Day.

1...............

3...............

4... ............

5...............

6...............

7.. .............

8_.... ..........

9...............

10...............

11................

12...............

13...............

14. ..............

15. ..............

16. ..............

17. ..............

18. ..............

19...............

20. ..............

21. ..............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

2.20

2.20

2.45

4 55

4.00

3.40

4.40

5.55

4.20

3.70

3.50

2 sn

2.70

2.80

2.70

2.60

2.50

2.50

3.60

4.50

4.00

7.45

5.10

4.10

3.60

3.20

3.10

3

f|A

3.00

2.80 

2.70

Feb.

2.60

2.50

2.60

2.80

3.00

2.90

2.70

2 v>

2.50

2.70

2.70

2.40

2.50

2.50

2.60

2.80

4.00

7.40

6.40

4.50

S on

3.90

4.70

4.20

3.80

3

Kf\

3.50

3 fin

:::::::

Mar.

4.50

6.50

4.80

4.60

4.10

3.80

3.70

3.60

 3.40

3.20

3.10

3 no

3.00

3.10

3.18

3.10

2 OS

2.85

2.78

2.68

2 fin

2.60

2 v\

2 <v\

2.50

2

CA

2

t£\

2 50

2.38

2.40 

2.40

Apr.

2.35

2.30

3.32

2.52

2.75

2.70

2.70

2 ss

2.52

2.48

2.40

2 AtL

3.08

3.12

2.95

2.90

3.08

3.25

S

on

S

on

3.25

3.35

3 7S

3.62

S

en

3.65

3.65

3.48

May.

3.30

3.05

2.88

2.78

2.72

2.58

2.50

2.55

2.72

2.75

2.72

2.70

2.90

3.25

3.10

2.95

2.78

2.75

2.72

2.70

2 7(1

9 OS

2.92

2.88

2.88

2.88

2.80

2 79

2.58

2.52 

2.50

June.

2.50

2.48

2.45

2.42

2.55

3.90

4.65

3.75

3.30

3.32

4.90

5.75

6.40

7.28

5.70

7.32

12.75

6.60

4.80

5.32

4 40

3.95

3.92

4.15

3.50

3.10

2.85

2 80

2 79

2.62

July.

2.52

2.42

2.38

2.35

2.45

2 S9

2.65

2.62

2.75

2.72

2.55

2.42

2.95

3.18

3.10

2.92

3.52

4.30

3.38

2

QC

2 79

2.55

2

Afi

2.30

2.20

2 on

2 V)

2.10 

2.08

Aug.

2.00

1.98

1.95

1.90

2.02

2.08

2.00

1.98

1.90

1.90

1.85

1.82

1.85

1.78

1.90

1.95

1.90

1.78

1.80

1.80

1 78

1.85

1.78

2.38

2 is

2 m

1.98

1 90

1.82

1.78 

1.80

Sept.

1.90

1.90

2.25

2 7S

3.05

3

f|A

2.80

2 SS

2.35

2.22

2.15

2 08

2 in

2

00

2.20

2.08

2.00

1.92

i on

1.82

1 fid

1.80

1.78

1 78

1 7*

1 O9

2.85

2.45

2.80

2.42

Oct.

2.22

2.08

2.05

2.00

1.90

1.82

1.90

1 on

1.82

2.32

2.32

2 is

2.05

1 CIS

1.88

1.85

1.85

1.80

1.80

1.82

1 7S

1.78

1.80 1 cm

1.88

1 on

1.92

i on

1.85

1.90 

1.90

Nov.

1.92

1.92

1.90

1.90

1.82

1.80

1.80

1 fid

1.80

1.80

1.78

1.75

1 7^

1.75

1.75

1 7S

1.80

1.80

1.75

1.75

1.72

1 78

1.72

1.75

2.02

2.10

2 sn

2.45

Dec.

2.40

2.28

2.15

2 in

2.15

2.15

2.10

9 AO

2 nn

2.12

2.10

9 flK

2.05

2 no

1.82

2.00

2 nn

1.92

2.05

2.00

2.15

2.10

9 9<;

2.82

2.85

2.75

9 fi9

2.70

5.05 

5.65
OHIO EIVEB BASIN. , 79 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofGreenbrier River at Ald&rson, W. Fa., for 1910.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7. ..............

8...............

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15. ..............

16. ..............

17...............

18...............

19. ..............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

490

490

788

5,560

4,100

2,620

5,150

8,380

4,620

3,350

2,860

1,330

1,160

1,330

1,160

i nnn

855

855

3,100

5,420

4,100

14,500

7 080

4.360

3,100

2,140

1,920

1,720

1,720

1,330

1,160

Feb.

i nnn

855

1,000

1,330

1,720

1,520

1,160

855

855

1,160

1,160

720

855

855

1,000

1,330

4,100

14,300

10,900

5,420

3,850

3,850

5,960

4,620

3,600

2,860

2,860

3,100

Mar.

5,420

11,300

6,240

5,690

4,360

3,600

3,350

3,100

2,620

2>140

1,920

1,720

1,720

1,920

2,100

1,920

1,680

1,420

1,300

1,130

,1,000

1,000

928

928

855

855

855

855

696

720

720

Apr.

659

598

2,400

884

1,240

1,160

1,160

971

884

828

720

788

1,880

2,140

1,970

1,620

1,520

1,880

2,140

2,260

2,380

2,380

2,260

2,500

3,480

3,150

2,860

3,220

3,220

2,810

May.

2,380

1,820

1,480

1,300

1,190

971

855

928

1,190

1,240

1,190

1,160

1,520

2,260

1,920

1,620

1,300

1.240

1 190

1,160

1,160

1,620

1,540

1,480

1,480

1,480

1,330

1,190

971

884

855

June.

855

828

788

747

928

3,850

5,820

3,480

2,380

2,420

6,520

8,960

10,900

13,900

8,810

14,000

34,500

11,600

6,240

7,710

5,150

3,980

3,900

4,490

2,860

1,920

1,420

1,330

1,190

1,030

July.

884

747

696

659

788

884

1,080

1,030

1,240

1,190

928

747

1,620

2,620

2,100

1,920

1,560

2,900

4,880

2,570

1,620

1,190

928

788

598

490

490

490

415

396

380

Aug.

315

301

280

246

331

380

315

301

246

246

217

200

217

178

246

280

246

178

188

188

178

217

178

696

443

396

301

246

200

178

188

Sept.

246

246

544

1,240

1,820

1,720

1,330

928

659

512

443

380

396

512

490

380

315

260

246

200

188

188

178

178

164

260

1,420

788

1,330

747

Oct.

512

380

356

315

246

200

246

246

200

622

622

471

356

301

234

217

217

188

188

200

178

178

188

246

234

246

260

246

217

246

246

Nov.

260

260

246

246

200

188

188

188

188

188

178

150

164

164

164

164

164

188

188

164

164

150

150

178

150

164

331

396

598

788

Dec.

720

576

443

396

443

443

396

331

315

415

396

356

356

380

200

315

315

260

356

315

443

490

396

544

1,370

1,420

1,240

1,030

1,160

6,940

8,660

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve that is well defined between 

46 and 8,230 second-feet (gage heights 1.4 and 5.5 feet) fairly well denned between 8,520 and 16,400 secondfeet (gage heights 5.6 and 8.0 feet) and poorly defined above discharge 16,400 second-feet (gage height 8.0 

feet). Relation of gage height to discharge probably not affected by ice. Observer reported river open 

at station all season. Observer reported ice 8 inches thick above and below station Jan. 1.

Monthly discharge ofGreenbrier River at AMerson, W. Va., for 1910. 

, [Drainage area, 1,340 square miles.]

Month.

April .............................:.....

Mky.. ..................................

July. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

14,500 

14,300 

11,300 

3,480 

2,380 

34,500 

4,880 

696 

1,820 

622 

788 

8,660

34,500

Minimum.

490 

720 

696 

598 

855 

747 

380 

178 

164 

178 

150 

200

150

Mean.

3,150 

2,960 

2,390 

1,870 

1,350 

5,750 

1,250 

268 

610 

284 

230 

1,010

1,750

Per 

square 

mile.

2.35 

2.21 

1.78 

1.40 

1.01 

4.29 

.933 

.200 

.455 

.212 

.172 

.754

1.31

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.71 

2.30 

2.05 

1.56 

1.16 

4.79 

1.08 

.23 

.51 

.24 

.19 

.87

17.69

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

A.
80 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1910, PAET HI.

GAULEY RIVER AT ALLINGDALE, W. VA.

This station, which is located at the Baltimore & Ohio Eailroad 

bridge about one-fourth mile south of the depot at Allingdale, W. Va., 

was established July 3, 1908.

Kock Creek enters immediately above the station. The drainage 

area above the section is about 248 square miles.

The section at this station is located at a bridge on a curve. The 

bottom of the stream is rough, but with care accurate measurements 

can be made. The datum of the chain gage, attached to the railroad 

bridge, has remained unchanged.

The records are reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not 

been obtained to enable estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements ofGauley River at Allingdale, W. Va., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 12

12

Aug. 15

Hydrographer.

.....do.. ..................................................

Width.

Feet. 

156

154

109

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

506

694

109

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.48

5.47

4.43

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

o371

406

677.4

a Above regular section. & Measurement not at regular section.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofGauley River at Allingdale, W. Va.,for 1910. 

[J. L. Cogar, observer.]

Day.

1.... ...........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26.... ...........

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30... i..... ...... 

31...............

Jan.

4.85

5.96

8.85

8.55

6.99

6.48

10.45

7.33

7.10

6.11

6.20

5.80

5.61

5.90

6.05

5.50

5.65

5.61

8.85

7.10

6.60

7.35

6.59

6.20

5.85

5.65

5.98

6.10

5.95 

5.70 

5.60

Feb.

5.50

5.80

5.50

5.80

5.80

5.68

5.60

5.25

5.35

5.62

5.65

5.52

5.20

5.30

5.32

5.50

7.68

8.50

7.12

6.58

6.24

6.82

6.56

6.50

6.05

5.90

5.75

6.26

Mar.

8.95

7.58

7.12

6.68

6.32

6.23

6.25

6.00

5.73

5.62

5.50

5.49

5.34

- 5.32

5.30

5.35

5.40

5.25

5.20

5.20

5.21

5.36

5 HA

5.30

5.30

5.28

5.20

5.18

5.10

5.05 

5.04

Apr.

5.03

5.00

4.99

5.03

5.55

5.35

5.36

5.30

5.23

5.20

5.18

5.15

6.00

5.90

5.61

5.52

5.60

5.65

5.69

6.00

6 49

6.60

7 fin

7.20

7.01

6.55

6.20

6.00

5.81

5.70

May.

5.52

5.41

5.30

5.30

5.25

5.15

5.11

5.09

5.61

5.80

5/65

8.35

7.50

6.60

6.00

5.94

5.55

5.60

5.80

5.70

5.65

5.62

5.70

5.52

5.60

5.70

5.62

5.45

5.42 

5.40

5.48

June.

5.45

6.30

5.96

5.94

5.90

8.70

7.18

6.40

6.20

6.60

7.10

7.25

7.35

7.15

7.05

11.32

9.50

8.10

7.49

6.98

6.35

6.10

5.80

5.70

5.50

5.36

5.25

5.20

5.60 

5.40

July.

5.20

5.05

4.94

4.92

6.49

6.41

5.60

6.80

6.00

5.65

5.30

5.20»

6.75

6.65

6.25

6.10

5.85

5.90

5.72

5.45

5.29

5.11

5.00

5.02

4.88

4.86

5.10

4.90

4.80 

4.72 

4.70

Aug

4.65

4.62

4.59

4.55

4.70

4.65

4.50

4.45

4.41

4.40

4.39

4.40

4.41

4.38

4.45

 4.32

4.34

4.31

4.29

4.31

4.10

4.20

4.75

4.70

4.50

4.41

4.35

4.32

4.30 

4.22 

4.21

Sept.

4.64

4.40

4.97

5.15

5.36

6.17

5.37

5.20

5.12

5.10

4.92

4.85

4.74

6.60

5.75

5.71

5.18

5.04

4.90

4.86

4.89

4.70

4 fid

4.61

5 J4

7.78

5.75

6.05

5.70 

5.36

Oct.

5.20

5.10

5.02

4.95

*4.80

4.73

4.70

4.75

5.40

5.33

5.10

4.95

4.85

4 7»5

4.72

4.67

4.65

4.62

4.59

4.53

4 50

4 64

4.73

4.95

4 on

4.71

4.70

4.90

5.30 

5.15

5.05

Nov.

5.03

5.07

5.10

5.25

5.20

5.12

5.05

5.00

4.90

4.89

4.90

4.88

4.85

4.75

4.71

4.85

4.77

4.74

4.70

4.61

A %{\

4.70

4.68

4.70

4.85

5.50

5.47

5 4fi

6.85 

5.85

Dee.

5.70

5.61

5.45

5.43

5.45

5.60

5.52

5.48

5.55

5.22

5.20

5.22

5.10

4.85

4.95

5.05

4.95

5.11

5.17

5.72

5.64

5.30

5.35

6.10

6.05

5.70

5.68

5.40

5.95 

10.14 

7.95

NOXE. No ice reported by observer; relation of gage height to discharge probably not affected by ice.
OHIO RIVER BASIN. 81

GAtTLEY RIVER, NEAR SUMMERSVILLE, W. VA.

This station, which is located at the highway bridge known as 

Brock's bridge, about 2| miles southeast of Summersville, W. Va., 

was established July 6, 1908, to obtain data for use in studying 

water power, water supply, pollution, flood control, and storage 

problems.

Muddlety Creek enters about one-eighth mile above the station. 

The drainage area above the section is about 686 square miles.

The datum of the chain gage attached to the bridge has remained 

unchanged.

The records are reliable and accurate. ' Sufficient data have not 

been obtained to enable estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements ofOauley River near Summersville, W. Fa., in 1910,

Date.

Mar. 25

Oct. 14

Hydrographer.

C.T. Bailey. ..............................................

Width.

Feet. 

200

182

Area of section.

Sq.ft. 

715

545

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.68

4.88

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

702

337

Daily gage height, in feet, ofGauley River near Summersville, W. Va.,for 1910. 

[J. W. Dermody, observer.]

Day.

1... ............

2............... 

3.... ........... 

4...............

5............... 

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.38

5.60 

11.32 

11.10

9.01 

8.20

12.41

10.31

8.30

7.47

6.45

6.38

6.29

7.34

7.10

6.76

6.53

7.84

11.22

9 94

9.08

9.80

7.68

7 nfl

6.70

7.20

7.56

7.12 

6.68

6.46

Feb.

6.00

5.90 

6.32 

7.00

6.74 

6.63

5.60

5.82

6.09

6.65

6.88

7.00

6.94

6.75

6.47

6.88

9.68

11.39

9.64

8.46

7.66

8.28

9 fift

8.19

7 ,19

6 79

6.67

7.78

.......

Mar.

10.86

9.72 

8.90 

8.20

7.66 

7.50

7.42

6.98

6.54

6.28

6.12

6.00

6.00

5.92

5.84

5.79

5.74

5.60

5.40

5.33

5.36

5.80

5

Kf\

5.48

5.62

5.55

5.46

5.34

4.80 

4.70

Apr.

.......

5.10

5.20

5.46

5.30

5.15

4

QK

5.30

6.20

6.15

6.50

5.75

6.00

6.25

6.65

6.85

7.80

8.65

9 48

9.54

8.80

8.10

7.45

7.15

6.80 

6.50

May.

5.95

5.70 

5.50 

5.30

5.38 

5.10

4.80

5.10

6.60

7.00

6.14

9.18

9.86

8.65

6.75

6.50

5.90

5.95

6.55

6.05

6.26

6 40

6.10

6.55

6.20

6.30

3.60 

5.45

5.60

June.

5.53

6.28 

6.33

5

QQ

6.33 

10.58

C QC

7.48

6.53

7.23

7.88

8.03

8.93

8.78

8.68

10.68

10.98

9.48

8.68

8.53

8.03

7.88

6.98

5.98

5 no

5.48

5.68

6.58

6.53 

5.93

July.

4.83

4.83 

5.30 

5.48

7.72 

6:62

7.07

8.42

7.12

6.32

5 Q7

5.07

8.12

8.27

7.52

6.07

6.12

5.77

5

K7

5.17

4.62

4.47

4.62

4

00

5 19

5 77

4.72

5.17 

4.67

5.17

Aug.

4.47

4.37 

3.92 

4.32

3.37 

4.32

3 CO

3.31

3.61

3 7ft

3.36

3.31

3

K1

3.86

3.81

3.26

3.16

3.61

3 RA

3.11

3.36

4.01

4.06

4.36

3.61

3.31

3.06 

3.71

3.26

Sept.

3.41

4.26 

5.81 

6.66

6.16 

6.96

5 Qfi

5.21

4.96

5

AR

4 on

5.17

4.75

7.65

5.75

5.30

5.00

4.70

4.75

4.70

4.50

4 OK

4.35

6.15

7 00

6 40

6.25

6.10 

5.65

Oct.

5.15

5.35 

5.10 

4.35

4.30 

4 60

4.20

4.75

5.50

5.75

5.45

5.00

5.05

4.85

4.70

4

9C

4.45

4.45

4.30

4.20

4.40

5

A(\

5.15

4.85

4 40

4.50

5.15

5.80 

5.25

5.05

Nov.

5.15

5.30 

5.55 

5.55

5.45 

5.25

5 1C

5.10

5 no

4 80

4.75

4.25

4.55

4.70

4.75

4.65

4.50

4.50

4.25

4.50

4.40

4 45

4.55

4.55

K S4

6.05

6.70

8.50 

7.35

Dec.

6.35

5.70 

5.95

5

QA

5.85 

6 40

6.30

6.00

5.60

5.80

5.20

4.95

5.25

5.35

5.50

5.35

5.80

6.15

7.05

6.95

6.75

6.55

7.25

7.88

7.10

6.55

6.30

7.80 

14.00

10.50

NOTE. No ice reported by observer; relation of gage height to discharge probably not affected by ice. 

50017° WSP 283 12 6
82 SUKFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1910, PART III.

GAULEY RIVER AT BELVA, W. VA.

This station is located about half a mile below Belva, W. Va. 

It was established August 25, 1908.

Twentymile Creek enters on the right bank about one-eighth mile 

above the station. The drainage area above the section is about 

1,420 square miles.

Discharge measurements are made by means of a boat or by 

wading. A staff gage is fastened to a tree on the right bank about 

1,000 feet below the gaging section. The gage datum has remained 

unchanged.

The records are reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not 

been obtained to enable estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements ofGauley River at Belva, W. Va., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 8

Aug. 26

Hydrographer.

C.T. Bailey... ............................................

Width.

Feet. 

251

90

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

1,320

107

height.

Feet. 

4.40

1.95

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,350

"328

o Measurement not at regular section.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofGauley River at Belva, W. Va.,for 1910. 

[C. L. Davis, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4... ............

5...............

6...............

7.. ........... ..

8.......--...-..

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

is

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26. ..............

27. ..............

28. ..............

29...............

30. .............. 

31...............

Jan.

2.62

2.86

5.55

S fift

6.60

5.54

8 79

7.80

6.00

5.18

A QQ

3

QC

3.71

3 94

4.52

4.24

3.92

4.50

8.75

719

6.82

6.42

4.92

4.45

4 CO

5.26

5.08

4.45

4.15

Feb.

3.88

3.55

3.75

4.80

4.82

4 48

3.85

3.62

3.60

3.88

A 09

4.12

3 Q9

3.68

3.65

4.20

6.40

8

0ft

7 91

6.11

5.38

4 CO

6 48

*. on

5.24

4.20

4 ' 08

Mar.

6.85

7.16

6.55

5.75

4 80

4.58

4.38

4 00

3.76

3.74

3 fiS

'3.62

3.73

3.90

3 71

3.54

3 AC

3 9Q

3

1 1

3.08

3.14

3 1 &

3.02

3.06

2 QQ

2

QQ

2 Qft

2.84

2.79 

2.74

Apr.

2 fiS

2.61

2 fift

2 fi9

2

QC

3.39

3 1 S

3.10

3 ft9

2.92

2.84

2 «Q

3 An

4.63

4.27

4.03

3.82

4.26

4.85

5.01

6.00

7 99

fi Q£

7 ^S

7.07

6 12

5.38

n nri

4.72

4.49

May.

4.12

3.82

3.58

3.41

3.30

3.16

3 04

3.06

3 Co

A CO

4.56

6

00

7 OK

6 1Q

5.18

4.51

4 00

3 OR

4.02

3 CO

3.84

4.10

4 13

4 00

4

7C

4.15

3 77

3.50

3.31 

3.29

June.

3.28

3.34

3.74

3.53

3.65

7 99

7 °.ft

5.92

4 95

4.82

5.26

5 fiQ

6.60

6.56

6.36

9

Cft

19 QE

8 1 £

6.50

6.25

5.15

5 on

4 80

4

09

3.88

3.52

4.11

5.15

4.02

July.

3.56

3.22

3.08

4 19

5.20

4.58

4.28

5.26

5.04

4 IS

3.66

3

00

5.90

6.02

5.62

4.52

4.20

3 94

4 11

4 01

3.60

3.24

2

QE

2.75

2

cfi

2 50

3

OE

3 1 9

3.10

2.86 

2.62

Aug.

2.56

2.38

2.26

2.34

2.18

2 1 1

2 AR

2.02

1 Qfi

1.94

1 Q9

1 So

1.80

1.75

1.98

2

AA

I on

1 7S

1.74

1.71

1.70

1.65

1 60

2 00

1

01

1.72

1 64

1.60 

1.61

Sept.

1.65

1.76

2.38

3.14

3.65

4.12

3.70

3.19

3

oe

3.32

2

OO

2 A9

2 fiR

4 00

4 00

3.34

9 Q9

2 AC

2

C9

2

00

2

9C

2

10

2.08

2.01

3 7C

3 QQ

3 Qft

3

QQ

3.32

Oct.

3.00

2 CO

2.76

2.35

2 99

2.14

2.12

2 fi9

3.51

3.12

2

QQ

2

C7

2.26

2 9A

2 19

2 no

2 ft1

1 96

1 90

1 Oft

1 QS

&61

9 AK

2 1ft

2 9O

2.82 

2.66

Nov.

2.58

2.59

2

7O

2.62

2 71

2.64

2.59

2.54

2.48

2

QO

2

QC

2

*>1

2.24

2 99

2

9C

2 21

2 is

2 no

2 nd

2

nc

2

f\A

2 no

2

AQ

3 19

3 9ft

5.38

5.26

Dec.

4.45

S on

3.52

3.41

3.35

4.12

4

*>Q

3.86

3

CA

3.28

3.27

3.26

S ftft

9 on

2.85

2 Oft

3 AO

3.05

2

09

3.40

A f\a

3 Oft

3

CA

4 Oft

5

JC

4 65

A 1 Q

3

09

4 05

10.08 

8.65

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Dec. 16 to 23. 

Dec. 17, observer reported ice along shores. Jan. 12, Feb. 8, and
OHIO KIVEK BASIN. 83

CHERRY RIVER AT RICHWOOD, W. VA.

This station, which is located at the highway bridge in the town 

of Kichwood, W. Va., was established July 3, 1908.

The datum of the chain gage attached to the bridge has not been 

changed. During August, 1909, stones were removed from the river 

bed below the gage, thereby changing the relation of gage height 

to discharge by a slight amount.

The records are reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not 

yet been obtained to enable estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements of Cherry River at Richwood, W. Va., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 12

Aug. 16

Hydrographer.

A. H. Horton... . ..........................................

J.C.Dort.... .............................................

Width.

Feet. 

109

105

Area of

section.

Sq.ft. 

185

128

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.67

2.27

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

138

41.4

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cherry River at Richwood, W. Va.,for 1910. 

[Floyd Artrip, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

G.... ...........

7............... 

8...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14............... 

15...............

16............... 

17............... 

18............... 

19. ..............

20...............

21............... 

22............... 

23............... 

24...............

25...............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

3.40

4.58

4.10

3.35

3.15

4.60 

3.68

3.20

2.95

2.90

2.80

2.70

2.75 

2.70

2.70 

2.65 

2.88 

3.80

3.25

4.40 

3.60 

3.25 

3.05

2.88

2.78

9. KS

2.80

2.72

2.72 

.2.68

Feb.

2.62

2.62

2.60

2.68

2.62

2.60

2.60

2.75

2.70

2.85 

3.65 

4.20 

3.60

3.15

3.05 

3.50 

3.30 

3.05

3.05

2.90

9 KS

4.0&

Mar.

4.55

3.98

3.65

3.40

3.22

3.18

3.12 

2.95

2.85

2.78

2.70

2.62

2.60

2.65 

2.65

2.60 

2.60 

2.55 

2.50

2.50

4.65 

2.60 

2.60 

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.55

2.55

2.55

2.50 

2.50

Apr.

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.70

2.70

2.65

2.65 

2,65

2>60

2.60

2.55

2.62

3.08

2.88 

2.80

2.78 

2.98 

3.25 

3.05

3.00

3.10 

3.18 

3.82 

3.68

3.42

3.25

3.05

2.95

2.85

May.

2.78

2.68

2.65

2.60

2.55

2.50

2.50 

2.65

2.68

2.70

2.65

3.38

3.30

3.05

2.88

2.78 

2.70

2.85 

2.78

2.70

2.92 

2.88 

2.80 

2.75-

2.80

2.72

2.62

2.58

2.52

2.50 

2.50

June.

2.60

2.62

2.65

2.62

3.32

3.98

3.38 

3.10

2.95

3.10

3.35

3.60

3.70

3.55 

3.58

5.55 

4.50 

3.60 

3.50

3.20

3.18 

3.38 

3.05

2.85

2.68

2.58

2.68

3.22

2.95

2.75

July.

2.62

2.52

2.50

2:88

2.92

2.70

2.78 

3.10

2.82

2.60

2.58

2.50

2.92

2.82 

2.65

2.52 

2.52 

2.65 

2.70

2.52

2.45 

2.42 

2.32 

2.30

2.22

2.80

2.58

2.50

2.40

2.40

2.38

Aug.

2.28

2.27

2.25

2.27

2.27

2

1Q'

2.17 

2.22

2.32

2.27

2.25

2.17

2.75

2.29

2.22

2.27 

2.20 

2.15 

2.15

2.22

2.15 

2.50 

2.28 

2.20

2.15

2.15

2.15

2.15

2.10

2.08 

2.05

Sept.

2.48

2.70

2.90

3.22

3.52

3.22

3.00 

2.78

2.90

2.82

2.68

2.58

2.88

2;95

2.72

2.60 

2.50 

2.45 

2.40

2.40

2.35 

2.30

2.28 

2.22

4.00

3.40

2.95

3.20

2.88

2.80

Oct.

2.70

2.72

2.58

2.52

2.45

2.40

2.45 

2.95

3.25

2.90

2.72

2.68

2.58 2.50' 

2.45

2.40 

2.40 

2.38 

2.32

2.30

2.30

2.72 

2.65 

2.50

2.40

2.40

2.42

2.85

2.68

2.62 

2.60

Nov.

2.60

2.65

2.70

2.68

2.52 

2.50

2.45

2.45

2.40

2.40

2.40 

2.40

2,38 

2.35 

2.35 

2.30

2.30

2.28 

2.25 

2.20 

2.30

3.10

2.78

2.68

3.35

3.50

3.15

Dec.

'3.05

2.95

2.80

2.72

2.68

2.70

2.65 

2.60

2.58

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

"2." 78

2.72

"2." 75

3.10

2.80

2.78

2.78

4.00

5.45 

3.85

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 1 to 3, Feb. 6 to 17, and Dec. 10 to 24.
84 STJEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1910, PAET HI.

MEADOW RIVER NEAR RUSSELLVILLE, W. VA.

This station, which is located at Bays Ferry, about 3 miles below 

Russellville, W. Va., was established July 17, 1908.

Youngs Creek enters about one-fourth mile above the station. The 

drainage area above the station is about 297 square miles.

Discharge measurements are made by means of a cable and boat; 

low-water measurements are made by wading. ,

The chain gage is attached to trees on the left bank above the 

ferry. The datum of the gage has remained unchanged.

In autumn backwater is sometimes caused by leaves lodging at 

the rapids below the station. For short periods during January, 

February, and December the relation of gage height to discharge is 

affected by ice.

The records are reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not 

been obtained to enable estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements of Meadow River near Russellville, W: Va., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 24

26

Oct. 14

15

Hydrographer.

C. T. Bailey. . .............................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

Width.

Feet. 

115

115

102

99

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

350

339

243

226

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.51

4.35

3.61

3.46

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

233

216

62.9

47.1

Daily gage height, in feet, of Meadow River near Russellville, W. Va.,for 1910. 

[S. R. Bays, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2. ..............

4!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. .............

23...............

24. ..............

25. ..............

26...............

27. ..............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.86

4.11

"8.'20"

7.31

8.66

7 93

7.02

6.59

o8.18

7.52

6.90

6 54

6.07

6.02

6.10

7.78

8.62

7.55

6.00

5.63

6.08

5.98

5.70

5.50

Feb.

o6.48

6.42

6.26 

6.20

5.73

a. 6.'ll

6.44

5.89

5.76

5.62

5.47

5.36

5.28

5 47

8.61

8.85

7 48

6.62

7.28

6.31

5.82

5.57

5.91

Mar.

8.27

8.25

7.63 

6.91

5 On

5.63

5.37

5.13

5.01

4.93

4.84

4.83

5.59

5.75

5.45

4 si

4.65

4.47

4 40

4.32

4.27

4.20

4.15

4.08

Apr.

3.98

4.02 

4.12

4.56

4.38

4.25

4.38

5.85

6.22

S on

5.57

5

orr

6 54

6 CO

6.74

7 49

8

C\K

7.42

6.34

6.29

May.

5.62

5.30

5.00 

4.93

4.78

4 64

4.50

4 66

5.40

5.82

5.73

6.06

6.28

5 7Q

5 40

S

on

5.10-

5.22

5

Kf\

5

K[\

5 44

5.41

5 04

4.81

4 66

4.69

June.

4.59

4.59

4.52

4.44

4.71

8.89

8.92

7 46

7.36

5 QQ

6.62

7.16

7.94

7 fi4

7 £9

9.04

9 GO

7 £9

5.62

5.35

5.16

5

(\A

4 94

4.66

4 60

4 7Q

4.92

July.

4.42

4.20

4.14 

4.34

4.27

4.53

4.97

5.23

4.59

4 69

4.48

4.26

4 48

4.71

4.63

4.41

5 on

5.56

4 66

4 OK

A 97

3.97

3.90

3 77

4.27

4.27

3.77

Aug.

3.49

3.47 

3.45

3 43

3.39

3.35

3.34

3.32

9. 9Q

3.20

3.22

3.38

3.42

3

0.1

3 79

3.34

3.32

3.38

3.27

3

A(\

3.43

3 on

3.26

3.15

3.11

3.10

3.14

Sept.

3.24

4.25 

4.08

4 95

4 91

4.12

3.94

3

QQ

3.79

3.67

3 91

4.29

4 60'

4.21

 $ gg

3

C1

3 4Q

3.45

3.43

3.39

3

00

3.38

3.49

3 79

4.11

4.09

Oct.

A °.7

4.17

3.89 

3.58

3 46

3.36

3.35

3 49

4.17

4.35

3.81

3.52

3.45

3

QQ

3.33

3.30

3 9ft

3

9°,

3.20

3 on

3 46

3 fifi

3

KO

3.44

3

00

3 54

3.63

3.84

3.72

Nov.

3.62

3.71 

3.77

3.82

3.80

3.76

3 fiQ

3.66

3.62

3 CO

3 64

3 el

3 49

3.42

3.47

3.49

3 48

3.78

4.52

4 54

6.37

Dec.

5 40

«5.59

6.34 

5.61

5.16

4 no

4.73

4 7Q

4.71

4.61

4.52

4.31

4.22

4.16

4.14

4 03

4.20

4

0Q

4.34

4.32

4.48

5.05

5.88

5.63

5.52

5.26

5.96

10.26

9.35

o Ice gorge reported by observer Jan. 11, Feb. 1 and 6, and Dec. 2. 

NOTE, Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 1 to 13, Feb. 1 to 7, and Dec. 2 to 24»
OHIO EIVEE BASIN. 85

ELK RIVER AT WEBSTER SPRINGS, W. VA.

This station, which is located at the suspension bridge on the 

grounds of the Webster Springs Hotel at Webster Springs, W. Va., 

was established July 1, 1908. Back Fork Creek is tributary from 

the right bank one-fourth, mile below the station.

A vertical staff gage is fastened to the right abutment of the 

bridge. The gage datum has remained unchanged.

The records are reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not 

yet been collected to enable estimates of the flow to be made.

The following discharge measurement was made by Bailey and 

Dort:

August 13, 1910: Width, 38 feet; area, 50.4 square feet; gage height*, 2.00 feet; 

discharge, 65.8 second-feet. The measurement was not made at the regular gaging 

section.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Elk River at Webster Springs, W. Va.,for 1910. 

[Cherry Woodzell, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3.... ...........

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

g

10...............

11...............

12............... 13.......:.......

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19

20...............

21...............

22...............

99

24. ..............

25. .............. 

26...............

27...............

28...............

29. .............. 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.55

3.65

5.30

4.45

3.90

3.45

5.10

3.85

3.35

3.28

3.22

3.12

2.95

3.05

2.85

2.60

3.30

4.55

4.10

4.30

4.20

3.50

3.25

2.95 

3.32

2.98

2.90

2.82

2.72

Feb.

2.62

2.60

2.70

3.00

2.92

2.82

2.80

2.72

2.78

3.00

2.80

2.80

2.84

2.80

2.82

3.20

4.35

4

7C

3.95

3.65

3.35

4.05

3.80

3 45

3.25 

3.05

2.85

3.20

Mar.

4.35

3.95

3.68

3.45

3.25

3.20

3.25

3.08

2.88

2.70

2.62

2.60

2.58

2.55

2.50

2.45

2.45

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.42

2.50

2.44

2.40

2.39 

2.36

2.31

2.30

2.30 

2.30

2.28

Apr.

2.26

2.24

2.24

2.27.

2.45

2.50

2.52

2.54

2.51

2.49

2.44

2.45

3.11

2.98

2.90

2.75

2.70

2.90

3.00

2.98

3.15

3.28

3.60

4.08

3.85 

3.52

3.25

3.08

3.00

2.85

May.

2.72

2.62

2.52

2.48

2.42

2.34

2.30

2.24

2.60

2.62

2.58

4.15

3.84

3.30

3.01

2.90

2.75

2.72

2.75

2.66

2.66

2.80

2.82

2.70

2.70 

2.80

2.72

2.62

2.52 

2.58

2.70

June.

2.85

3.55

3.42

3.30

3.95

4.75

4.50

3.10

3.50

3.90

3.90

3.90

3.92

3.72

6.34

5.18

4 00

4.25

3.72

3.80

3.80

2.98

2.88 

2.72

2.60

2.88

2.75 

2.58

July.

2.40

2.32

2.28

2.75

3.10

2.88

2.88

3.09

2.89

2.75

2.55

2.38

3.10

3.00

2.90

2.82

2.72

2.60

2.51

2.46

2.32

2.22

2.25

2.25 

1.92

2.10

2.45

2.35 

2.55

2.45

Aug.

2.32

2.15

2.02

2.40

2.48

2.30

2.12

2.02

1.98

1.92

1.89

1.82

2.05

1.93

1.82

1.74

1.68

1.66

1 66

1.70

1 69

1.68

1 79

1.78 

1.72

1.64

1.62 

1.68

1.63

Sept.

1.70

2.50

2.32

2.50

2.62

2.74

2.75

2.62

2.50

2.48

2.35

2.22

2.80

2.78

2.55

2.35

2.29

2.15

1.99

1.98

1.97

1.92

1.82

1.78

1.96 

2.54

2.68

2.55

2.38 

2.31

Oct.

2.22

2.12

2.02

1.94

1.88

1.80

1.80

1.88

2.14

2.28

2.20

2.05

1.95

1.86

1.82

1.77

1.76

1.74

1.71*

1.70

1.68

1.90

2.32

2.18

2.02 

1.99

2.05

2.42

2.42 

2.28

2.20

Nov.

2.18

2.24

2.36

2.34

2.25

2.18

2.12

9 14

2.06

2.02

2.00

2.00

2.00

1.98

2.00

2.00

2.00

1 Q7

1.95

1.94

1.92

1.90

1.88

1.98

2.25 

2.70

2.69

2.82

'3.35 

3.05

Dec.

2.92

2.82

2 79

2.62

2.52

2.60

2.52

2.50

2.48

2.40

2.40

2.36

2.28

2.18

2.10

2.25

2.18

2.25

2.70

3.00

3.00

2.90

2.90

3.60

3.48 

2.85

3.05

2.25

3.60 

5.50

4.20

NOTE.- 

to 26.

-Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 1 to 3, Feb. 8 to 16, and Dec. 11
86 SUEFACB WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PABT HI.

E:LK RIVER AT GASSAWAY, w. VA.

This station, which is located at the Coal & Coke Railroad bridge 

in the northeastern part of Gassaway, .W. Va., was established July 1, 

1908.

Little Otter Creek enters immediately above the station.

Discharge measurements are made from a footbridge attached to 

the upper side of the railroad bridge or by wading. The datum of 

the chain gage attached to the railroad bridge has not been changed.

The records are reliable and accurate. Estimates of the flow are 

withheld until estimates can be made at the other stations on Elk 

River.

Discharge measurements of Elk River at Gassaway, W. Va., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 11

Aug. 12

Hydrographer. Width.

Feet. 

142

141

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

501

310

!h.6igiit.

Feet. 

3.01

1.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

698

101

Daily gage height, in feet, of Elk River at Gassaway, W. Va.,for 1910. 

[Henry A. Hays, observer.]

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

'4...............

5...............

6...............

7........-.-.-..

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12

13.. ...... ....'..

14. ..............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18. ..............

19...............

20...............

21.....1.........

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.86

3.00

11.36

10.32

 7.10

8.99

12.58

9.38

6.00

4.80

3.94

3.41

3.05

4.52

5.26

5.84

5.70

7.54

11.88

8.06

7.76

5.20

4 90

4.42

4.12

3 Oft

3.86

3.74 

3.66

3.61

Feb.

3.54

3.22

3.80

4 60

5.06

4.45

3

AQ

3.42

Q QC

3.30

3.47

3.54

3.59

3.76

3.82

4.00

8.42

9.80

7 9fi

5.38

4.98

6.53

6.00

5.92

5.82

5 79

5.62

Mar.

6.36

5.17

4.74

4 66

4.60

4.45

4.39

A it;

3.75

2.82

2 7ft

2.72

2.67

9 RA

2 60

2.54

2.47

2.41

2

AQ

2 en

2

AQ

2.46

2 44

2 49

2 40

2

QQ

2.34

2.28

2.20

Apr.

2.16

2.11

2.08

2.07

2.10

2.19

2

QA

2 4A

2

OQ

2.36

2

QJ

2.37

3

QJ,

4 A9

4.08

4.12

4.16

4.18

4 04

4 94

6

0A

6.48

6 54

6 48

S ftd

5

r\A

4.11

3.74

3 en

May.

3.42

Q 13

3.18

q no

2.68

2.54

2 59

2.55

2

RA

2 45

3.41

6.23

9.36

8.05

6.50

f, 70

4 98

4 90

4 Oft

4.86

4 94

4 98

5

f\A

4.62

3 Oft

3 ({A

3.52 

3 44

3.40

June.

3.36

3

QC

3.44

4.35

7.74

11.82

8 no

6.10

5.70

5.65

S

an

5.66

5 7Q

5.46

7.45

12.10

19.65 IQ CLA

10.84

ft 1A

5.30 4 80

4. 18 4 00

Q Ql

3 CO

3.60

3

KR

July.

3.51

3.60

3.70

3.89

3.98

3

QE

3.72

3 49

3

QA

3

t)A

3 91

3.16

3 40

3.66

3 71

3.63

3

Cft

3

AQ

3.34«

3 04

2 90

9 *y;

2 19

2.16

2 19

2.04 

2.35

2.38

Aug.

2.34

9 31

2 28

9 9Q

2.20

2.16

2 19

9 nft

2 04

2 19

1.80

1.71

1.75

1.78

1 79

I

RQ

1 R9

1.58

1 £9

i CLA

1.47

1 45

1 44

1 4fi

i f^fi

1 49

1*48

1.46 

1.45

1.54

Sept.

1.62

1.53

1.56

2 ft?

2.64

2.41

2 44

2 40

2 06

i da

1 OA

1 94

2.04

3 94

2 94

9 si

2 in

1 QA

1.92

1 ft7

1

QQ

1 SK

1 7ft

1.77

1 fiQ

1 94

9 an

2.42

9 90

Oct.

2.19

2.05

1.98

1.92

1.84

1.74

1.75

1.53

1.74

1.76

2 Aft

1.85

1 ftA

1 7ft

1.73

1.66

1.65,

1.62

1.61

1 SO

1.42

1.70

1 91

1

0*7

1 B9

1 QA

1.89

1 Q7

2.12

Nov.

2.04

2.04

2.10

2.19

2.23

9 17

2.10

2.04

1 OO

1.94

i on

1.93

1 Q9

i on

1 84

1 C9

i fto

1.88

1 ftl

1 7ft

1.76

1.74

1 TO

1 79

1 ftl

1 70

1 98

2.44

3.96 

4 44

Dec.

4.02

3.01

2.62

2.58

2.58

2.92

3

90

2 on

2 Aft

2.63

2.55

2.42

2

*>7

0 QO

2.30

O OO

2.24

o OJ.

9 SLl

2

7K

2 AQ

2 58

3

70

3.68

O ftl

3 40

9 QQ

3.10

Q QQ

9.06

NOTE. No ice reported by observer; relation of gage height to discharge probably not affected by ice.
OHIO RIVER BASIN. 87

ELK RIVER AT CLENDENIN, W. VA.

This station, which is located at the highway bridge in the town of 

Clendenin, W. Va., was established June 27, 1908.

Big Sandy River enters Elk River immediately below the station.

Discharge measurements are made from the highway bridge or 

by wading. The datum of the chain gage attached to the bridge 

has not been changed.

The records are reliable and accurate, except that high water on 

the Big Sandy alone may produce backwater at the gage. This will 

not occur often, however, as the Big Sandy is a small stream. The 

gage reader has been instructed to note any backwater effect. Sufficient data have not yet been collected to enable estimates of discharge 

to be made.

Discharge measurements of Elk River at Clendenin, W. Fa., in 1910,

Date.

Mar. 6

Aug. 11

Hydrographer. Width.

Feet. 

224

125

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

930

414

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.81

2.49

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

2,200

188

Daily gage height, in feet, of Elk River at Clendenin, W. Va.,for 1910. 

[J. W. Riley, observer.]

Day.

I...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...... .........

8...............

9........;......

10. ..............

ll...............

12. ..............

13. ..............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

2.98

3.18

6.08

10.08

7.78

7.32

10.50

10.36

6.86

5.76

4.93

4.60

4.07

5.74

6.50

5.89

5.50

7.12

10.36

8.94

11.02

10.13

7.56

5.98

5.66

5.50

5.62

6.25

6.07

5.42 

4.94

Feb.

4.72

4.46

4.25

6.08

6.56

5.84

4.94

4.32

4.22

4.44

4.54

4.98

4.85

4.48

4.64

8.07

8.06

9.96

8.61

6.69

5.98

7.16

8.01

7.14

6.08

5.36

4.82

4.57

.......

Mar.

4.74

6.16

5.85

5.52

5.12

4.80

4.54

4.34

4.22

4.02

3.92

3.83

3.74

3.63

3.64

3.51

3.54

3.43

3.40

3.33

3.28

3.24

3.22

3.24

3.23

3.20

3.17

3.11

3.02

2.96 

3.00

Apr.

2.96

2.94

2.90

2.93

3.44

3.32

3.28

3.26

3.25

3.19

3.13

3.24

4.04

4.34

4.74

4.51

4.26

4:22

4.39

5.09

6.78

7.24

7.29

4.24

4.26

4.37

6.16

5.55

5.01

4.64

May.

4.42

4.25

3.88

3.41

3.79

3.62

3.48

3.32

4.68

5.42

5.30

11.26

11.06

7.86

6.14

5.26

4 80

4.66

4.46

4.18

4.36

4.30

4.11

4.10

5.30

6.40

5.46

4.84

4.38

4,19 

3.90

June.

3.84

3.95

3.74

4.56

5.22

9.17

9.66

6.86

5.58

5.90

5.69

5.81

5.79

6.26

5.99

8.01

15.19

10.75

7.21

8.65

6.45

5.27

6.11

5.51

4.61

4.23

7.67

5.95

4.57

4.27

July.

4.25

3.65

3.44

4.97

5.75

5.29

5.07

5.39

5.15

4.81

4.38

4.00

7.35

7.38

6.08

6.16

5.05

4.88

4.82

4.24

3.82

3.64

3.26

3.10

2.90

2.77

2.68

2.78

2.82

2.96 

3.17

Aug.

2.95

3.14

2.96

2.80

2.70

2.56

2.54

2.80

2.66

2.51

2.48

2.40

2.35

2.37

2.27

2.22

2.18

2.12

2.21

2.12

2.12

2.11

2.06

2.02

1.98

1.88

1.86

1.85

1 04.

1.89 

1.88

Sept.

2.14

2.10

2.38

2.56

3.72

4 44

3.45

3.12

3.22

3.04

2.82

2.65

2.56

3.28

3.54

3.68

3.24

3.03

2.82

2.68

2.66

2.55

2.44

2.40

2.43

2.46

2.38

2.36

2.69

3.07

Oct.

3.15

2.86

2.68

2.56

2.53

2.47

2.42

2.30

2.42

2.32

2.25

2.24

2.38

2.50

2.42

2.25

2 97

2.26

2.20

2.16

2.08

2.16

2.18

2.18

2.23

2.24

2 jn

2.26

2.47

2.44 

2.52

Nov.

2.86

2.77

2.70

2.68

2.62

2.79

2.84

2.78

2.65

2.61

2.56

2.50

2.43

2.44

2.42

2.42

2.34

2.34

2

OQ

2.38

2.36

2.32

2.26

2.30

2.28

2.23

2

OQ

2.43

3.43

5.11

.......

Dec.

4.73

4.16

3.73

3.55

3 40

4 SO

4.65

4.51

4.06

3.67

3 fi7

3.70

3.67

3 v\

3.51

% jta

3.31

2 QQ

2.97

3.15

3.95

4.29

3.91

5.03

6.09

5.70

4.80

4.29

3 90

5.67 

10.07

NOTE. No record of ice kept by observer; relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice 

about Jan. 1 to 3 and during December.
88 SUBFAOE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PAKT III. 

COAL BIVEB AT BBTJSHTON, W. VA.

This station, which is located at the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway 

bridge at Brushton station, near Cobbs, W. Va., was established June 

23, 1908.

The drainage area above the station is about 379 square miles. 

Brush Creek is tributary on the left bank, about 500 feet below the 

station.

The datum of the chain gage attached to the railroad bridge has 

remained unchanged.

The records are reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not yet 

been collected to enable estimates of the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements of Coal River at Brushton, W* Va., in 1910.

Date

Mar. 4

4

A lie* Q

Hydrographer.

C.T. Bailey. ..............................................

Width.

Feet. 

136

136

45

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

292

292

40.0

>».

Feet. 

3.12

3.12

1.37

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

666

668

a 40.1

a Measurement made by wading and not at regular section.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Coal River at Brushton, W. Va.,for 1910. 

[Geo. W. Fitzpatrick, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

35...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1.55

1.75

3.0

3.1

2.7

2.9

5.15

4.15

3.15

2.55

2.25

2.3

2.1

2.6

3.0

2.9

2.7

3.05

6.1

4.35

5.1

5.5

4.05

3.45

3.15

3.05

3.05

3.25

3.25

2.9

2.75

Feb.

2.7

2.6

2.65

3.35

3.7

3.35

2.85

2.75 2.7'

2.8

3.2

3.1

2.9

2.7

2.8

3.75

4.65

5.25

4.3

3.7

3.35

3.35

3.65

3.6

3.3

3.0

2.8

2.7

Mar.

2.8

3.45

3.35

3.1

2.9

2.75

2.65

2.55

2.45

2.35

2.65

3.0

3.3

3.35

3.1

2.85

2.75

2.55

2.45

2.4

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1 9

Apr.

1.9

1.8

1.85

2.0

1.9

2.1

2.05

1.95

1.9

1.8

1.75

1.95

2.45

3.2

3.05

2.8

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.6

3.8

4.25

3.75

3.5

3.4

3.15

9 Q*\

2.75

2.6

May.

2.55

2.45

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.25

2.8

3.95

3.55

5.7

4.95

4.05

3.5

3.1

2.9

2.75

2.65

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.4

3

JC

4 1

O QC

2.65

2.5

9 05

June.

2.7

2.45

2.3

2.15

2.2

5.2

4.5

3.3

2.95

3.15

3.05

3.05

3.0

3.1

3.4

4 1

5.15

4.35

3.35

3.45

3.4

9 ft

2.7

2.7

2.75

2.25

2.6

9 Ifl

2.25

2.15

July.

2.05

1.9

2.25

4.95

5.85

4.5

4.35

4.25

3.55

3.05

2.75

2.45

2.45

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.35

2.75

3.25

2.9

2.55

2.35

2.15

2.2

9 n

9 15

2.05

2.0

1 9

1 a

1.8

Aug.

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.25

1 9

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

0 9

1.0

1 ^

Sept.

1.65

1.55

2.2

2.4

2.7

2.45

2.15

2.0

1.85/

1.9

2.05

1.9

1.75

1.65

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1 3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1 9

1.2 i *)

1.25

1.25

Oct.

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1 Q

1 *%

1.45

1.5

Nov.

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1 9

1 9

1 9

1.2

1 9

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1 q

1 ^

1.3

1.6

2.5

2.5

Dec.

2.3

2.05

1.9

1.8

1.85

2.45

3.2

2.65

2 OK

2.15

2.05

9 ft

1 Q

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.75

1.7

1.6

I

/*

ol.65

2.65

2.45

9 <J

2.15

2 1

3.1

3

0

Observer reported ice 0.3 foot thick above and below gage Dec. 23; river open at gage.
OHIO KIVEB BASIN. 

COAL BIVEB AT TOBNADO, W. VA.

89

This station, which is located at the highway bridge at Upper Falls 

station, one-fourth mile above Tornado, W. Va., was established June 

24, 1908.

Smith Creek is tributary on the right bank, about 1 mile below the 

station.

The datum of the chain gage attached to the bridge has not been 

changed:

The records are reliable and accurate. The low-water gage heights 

may be affected by a dam a short distance below the station.

Sufficient data have not been collected to enable estimates of 'the 

discharge to be made.

Discharge measurements of Coal River at Tornado, W. Va., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 3

3

Aug. 8

Hydrographer.

C.T. Bailey. ..............................................

Width.

Feet. 

185

185

90

Area of 

sectioni

Sq.ft. 

996

996

92

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3; 42

3.43

2.26

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,460

1,450 «115

a Measurement made by wading and not at regular section.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Coal River at Tornado, W. Va., for 1910. 

[G. C. Hoy, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23.. .............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.64

2.84

3.18

3.54

3.51

3.81

4.98

4.43

3.58

3.00

3.34

2.84

2.84

3.47

3.53

3.41

3.26

3.68

5.41

4.91

4.65

6.21

4.25

3.68

3.47

3.34

3.29

3.34

3.41 

3.23

3.09

Feb.

3.02

2.97

2.99

3.25

3.58

3.57

3.16

3.06

3.04

3.15

3.22

3.19

3.23

3.44

4.12

5.22

5 7ft

4.70

3.89

3.66

3.90

3.84

3.84

3.65

3.36

3.20

3.08

Mar.

3.19

3.32

3.39

3.34

3.21

3.12

3.01

2.93

2.83

2.75

3.17

3.46

3.49

3.35

3.15

3.03

2 no

2.83

2.67

2.65

2.60

2.52

2.51

2.44

2.42

2.36

2.32

2.45 

2.51

2.48

Apr.

2.42

2.36

2.40

2.46

2.52

2.54

2.53

2.45

2.40

2.36

2.25

2.44

3.05

3.36

3.40

3.30

3.22

3.26

3.32

3.37

4.15

5.85

4.43

3.82

3.58

3.45

3.22

3.14

3.02 

2.92

May.

2.82

2.74

2.59

2.59

2.57

2.44

2.27

2.60

3.18

4.02

3.68

6.48

4.44

3.70

3.40

3.20

3.09

2.96

2.86

2.88

2.78

2.64

2.79

3.26

4.08

3.57

3.26

2.97 

2.81

2.94

June.

2.89

2.76

2.63

2.49

2.46

4.09

3.60

3.53

3.93

3.89

3.93

3.49

3.38

3.53

3.87

4.49

4 97

3.67

3.68

3.61

3.22

3.88

3.30

3.02

9.88

3.90

3.18 

2.88

July.

2.62

2.46

2.34

2.88

8.74

4.96

4.28

4.16

3.71

3.25

3.00

2.71

2.76

2.80

2.59

2.40

3.06

3.94

3.39

2.99

2.69

2.45

2.30

2 OK

2.49

2.77

2.75

2.75 

2.55

2.45

Aug.

2.45

2.33

2.34

2.43

2.30

2.15

2 1ft

2.15

2.24

2.25

2.51

2.51

2.42

2.34

2.32

2.34

2.35

2.48

2.47

2.30

1.98

2.05

2.30

2.33

2.45

2.38

2.46

2.40

2.46 

2.43

2.43

Sept.

2.78

2.86

3.10

3.49

3.59

3.18

2.88

2.90

2.85

2.80

9 78

2.64

2.47

2.30

2.24

2.12

2.10

2.00

1.96

1.95

1.90

1.95

1.88

2.06

2.15

1.95

1.90

1.88 

2.29

Oct.

2.42

2 50

2.52

2.66

2.67

2.68

2 ft/I

2.82

2.95

2.70

2.66

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.71

2.66

2.67

2.68

2.65

2.62

2.64

o ft7

2.90

2.65

2.64

2.70

2.82

2.77

2.82 

2.90

2.90

Nov.

2.92

2.93

2.88

3.00

2.90

2.88

2.82

2.82

 2.89

2.86

9 on

2.84

2.82

2.81

2.80

2.78

2 68

2.70

2.69

2.62

2.68

2.66

2.75

2.79

2.82

2.80

2.90

3.05

3.28 

3.55

Dec.

1 VI

3.08

2.96

2 no

9 01

3.30

3.85

3.64

3.00

3.00

2.85

2.72

2.60

2.26

2.23

2.35

2.15

2.30

2.55

2.60

2.50

2.58

2.61

2.67

3.10

3.40

3.30

3.10

3.08 

3.80

4.42

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice, Jan. 1 to 5 and Dec. 18 to 28.
90 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PAET III.

POCOTALIGO BIVEB AT SISSONVIIXE, W. VA.

This station which is located at the highway bridge near the post 

office at Sissonville, W. Va., was established June 26, 1908.

A dam and small power plant above the station may modify the 

flow in low water. The datum of the chain gage attached to the 

bridge has not been changed.

The records are reliable and accurate. Sufficient data have not 

been collected to enable estimates of the flow to be made.

The following discharge measurement was made by Bailey and 

Dort:

August 10,1910: Width, 22 feet; area, 13.3 square feet; gage height, 1.87 feet; discharge, 15.0 second-feet. The measurement was not made at the regular gaging 

section.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofPocotaligo River at Sissonville, W. Va.,for 1910. 

[B. N. Sisson, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15..:............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

2.25

3.28

5.63

4.90

3.58

9.30

9.65

3.98

3.66

3.30

3.38

2.75

2.65

13.35

5.82

3.92

3. 02

12.85

10.40

4.65

6.65

7.24

4.40

3.92

3.79

3.82

5.42

4.20

3.72

3.12 

2.92

Feb.

2.90

2.72

9 <U

4.50

3.98

3.35

3.10

2.75

2.66

2.72

2 78

2.80

2.72

2.69

3.10

11.25

8.60

6.60

4.00

4.06

5.68

11.20

6.61

4.14

3.42

3.15

3.02

3.54

.......

Mar.

4.85

4.18

3.56

3.22

2.95

2.82

2.78

2.60

2.50

2.58

2.56

2.35

2.32

2.25

2.05

1.60

1.49

1.85

1.78

1.84

1.82

1.84

1.95

1.65

1.73

1.55

1.43

1.42

1.46

1.55 

1 40

Apr.

1.28

1.43

1 34.

1.33

1.88

2.03

1.58

1.78

1.54

1.53

1.63

1.93

2.60

2.38

2.40

2.32

2.40

2.74

4.63

5.18

8.18

4.93

 3.73

3.22

2 99.

o 40

3.63

3.18

3.93

2.73

May.

2.60

2.39

2.31

2.25

2.03

2.18

1.98

3.02

7.36

4.43

3.40

11.78

5.88

3.83

3.18

2.88

3.16

2.87

2.88

2.67

7.61

6.46

3.84

3.98

8.08

5.08

3.60

3.10

2.73

2.70 

2.50

June.

2.47

2.33

2.38

2.25

6.52

10.75

4.59

3.42

3.67

6.25

4.97

5.19

3.75

3.25

2.92

3.82

4.35

3.32

4.19

3.29

2.97

2.49

2.31

2.07

1.94

1.83

25.50

11.35

4.65

3.72

July.

3.32

3.04

2.81

4.70

4.91

3.92

4.93

8.67

4.37

3.52

3.33

3.17

6.03

4.02

3.31

3.04

2.94

2.75

2.65

2.51

2.17

2.25

2.02

2.07

2.09

1.92

2.02

1.82

1.87

2.05 

2.41

Aug.

2.03

1.89

1.92

2.17

1.81

2.03

1.77

1.90

1.79

1.77

1.98

1.92

2.25

1.80

1.85

1.82

1.76

1.82

1.74

1.72

1.72

1.76

1.72

1.72

1.70

1.65

1.66

1.66

1.72

1.73 

1.67

Sept.

2.95

2.42

3.26

3.60

4.75

4.14

2.99'

2.50

2.69

2.65

2.28

2.40

4.00

3.05

2.78

2.49

2.36

2.18

1.95

1.88

2.05

2.02

1.76

2.15

1.82

1.78

1.76

1.71

1.70

1.72

Oct.

1.73

1.72

1.70

1.69

1.70

1.70

1.72

1.72

1.70

1.68

1.66

1.68

1.66

1.62

1.70

1.68

1.76

1.70

1.74

1.80

1.78

1.82

1.77

1.78

1.74

1.76

1.78

1.82

1.82

1.78 

1.84

Nov.

1.83

1.82

1.82

1.82

1.78

1.74

1.76

1.80

1.78

1.76

1.72

1.76

1.80

1.77

1.76

1.76

1.70

1.72

1.71

1.72

1.72

1.70

1.71

1.70

1.72

1.72

1.70

1.81

2.55

2.36

Dec.

2.52

i.30

2.18

2.17

2 20

2.72

3.08

2.99

2.60

2.56

2.55

2.49

2.64

2.52

2.45

2.30

2.18

2.11

2,16

2.21

2.14

2.15

2.24

5.12

4.11

3.35

2.92

2.85

3.12

8.05

A QA

NOTE. No ice reported by observer; relation of gage height to discharge probably aflected by ice during 

December. 
OHIO BIVEB BASIN. 91 

MIAMI BIVEB BASIN.

N

GENERAL FEATURES.

The drainage basin of Miami River lies in southwestern Ohio and 

southeastern Indiana, one-third of the area being in the latter State. 

The river is formed in Logan County by small streams rising in 

Auglaize and Hardin counties, Ohio, flows in a slight southwesterly 

direction and joins Ohio River at the Indiana State line. Still water 

River from the west and Mad River from the east, both tributary 

near Dayton, are the only'important tributaries in the upper part of 

the basin. Whitewater River is tributary from the west a few miles 

above the mouth of the river. Nearly all of the drainage area of the 

Whitewater is in Indiana. The length of the Miami is about 140 

miles (map measurement), and its drainage area comprises about 

5,400 square miles.

The drainage basin is fairly regular in shape. The valleys of the 

headwaters as far down as Dayton are narrow and comparatively 

shallow. Below Dayton the valley is broad and open and is flanked 

by low hills. Along this section the river occupies the preglacial 

drainage lines which are only partially filled with glacial deposits. 

The contrast between the southern and northern portion of the 

drainage basin is due not to the work of the present streams, but to 

the less complete concealment of preglacial drainage lines. The 

surface of the surrounding country is level or rolling.

The elevation of the sources of the river is about 1,000 feet; atDayton the elevation is about 725 feet; at Hamilton it is about 565 

feet; at the mouth of the river the elevation is 428 feet. The average 

fall of the river is 3 to 4 feet per mile.

There are no forested areas in this drainage basin, what timber 

there is being in small groves or wood lots. The mean annual rainfall is about 42 inches. The winters are comparatively mild in the 

northern part of the basin. The snowfall is not heavy and ice does 

not form very thick. In the southern part the winters are mild and 

snowfall is light, but ice forms to some extent where the current is 

sluggish.

The basin affords a few opportunities for storage. Lewistown and 

Loramie reservoirs, near the headwaters of the Miami, are used to 

supply water for the Miami & Erie Canal. These reservoirs were 

constructed about 1830; construction of reservoirs at the present 

time would be prohibited by the cost of the overflowed land. It is 

probable that other sites might be found at the headwaters of the 

tributaries.

The high average slope is favorable to the development of water 

power, but the bed and banks of the stream are not as a rule suitable
92 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PART HI.

for the foundation of dams, as they are generally composed of gravel 

and alluvial soil, and the banks are low. These conditions are met 

by building low dams to divert the water into canals. The gravelly 

and sandy soil is favorable for the formation of springs, of which 

there are a great many in the basin. These springs tend to keep up 

the flow during dry spells and increase the value of the stream for 

water power. At different places water is diverted from the river to 

feed the Miami & Erie Canal, which parallels the river from Hamilton to Piqua and thence along Loramie River, crossing the divide 

at its sources. Numerous power plants situated along this canal 

have leased water rights from the State.

MIAMI BIVEB AT HAMILTON, OHIO.

This station is located at High Street Bridge at Hamilton, Ohio. 

A gage was established at this point November 16, 1904, as a flood 

station, by the United States Weather Bureau. On March 1, 1910, 

a low-water gage was installed by the United States Geological Survey. Both gages are of the vertical staff type and both are referred 

to the same datum plane so that there is now, in reality, only one 

gage in two sections. Records of flood stages are available from 

November 16, 1904, to February 27, 1910, and records of daily gage 

height from February 28 to December 31, 1910.

The total drainage area above the gaging station is 3,580 square 

miles.

Discharge measurements are made from the upstream side of 

High Street Bridge. The records are reliable and accurate.

Discharge measurements of Miami River at Hamilton, Ohio, in 1908-1910.

Date.

1908. 

Sept. 22

22

23

23

1909. 

Feb. 26

1910. 

Feb. 4

4

Mar. 12'

3

Hydrographer.

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

Width.

Feet. 

316

117

178

117

360

325

325

425

425

382

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

1.352

206

229

217

3,730

2,020

2,050

7,900

6,540

4,510

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.75

.75

.83

.83

7.82

2.92

2.98

17.38

14.22

9.25

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

401

0287

6279

a284

19 400

3,840

4,080

66,500

48,300

26,800

o Measurement made at lower bridge.

& Measurement made by wading between bridges.
OHIO RIVER BASIN. 93

Daily gage height, in feet, of Miami River at Hamilton, Ohio, for 1910. 

[C. A. Huber, observer. See note.]

Day.

1.. .............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

(a)

4.5

4.0

(a)

(0)

(0)

fa)

(°)

(°)

(a)

(a)

4.0

4.5

10.8

8.4

5.1

4.2

11.0

11.6

9.0

6.9

5.6

4.8

3.7

3.5

3.2

3.5

3.3

3.0

3.0

3.0

Feb.

2.9

4.5

5.5

5.0

4.0

5.7

15.40

Mar.

17.20

13.25

8.90

6.80

- 5.95

5.45

4.92

4.45

4.05

3.70

3.45

3.25

3.10

3.00

3.00

2.80

2.78

2.80

2.68

2.62

2.45

2.40

2.38

2.32

2.30

0 OA

2.21

2.20

2.20

2.15

Apr.

2.15

2.11

2.12

2.10

2.12

2.15

2.15

2.15

2.15

2.12

2 no

1.95

1.90

1.90

1.90

1 90

i.85

1.95

1.95

2.00

2.35

3.10

2.70

2.35

2.15

2 1ft

2 ns

2.05

2.02

May.

2.00

1.95

1.98

2.80

3.08

2.60

2.40

2.50

2.38

2.25

2.20

2.30

2.45

2.32

2.20

2.18

2.00

2.02

1.92

2.32

2.75

3.20

2.75

2.48

2.38

2.32

2.18

2.02

2.00

1.90

1.90

June.

1.90

1 SO

1.80

1.78

1 79

1.70

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.60

1.58

1.55

1.50

1.45

1.35

1.35

1.40

1.32

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1 ^

1.35

1.40

1 40

July.

1.35

1.28

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.75

1.65

1.70

1.65

1 80

2 ft»

2.02

2.18 1 on

i sn

311

2.42

2.12

1.80

1.65

1.60

1.50

1.42

1.32

1.25

1.20

1.20

1.42

1.50

1.50

1.40

Aug.

' 1 35

1 °*n

1.28

1.22

1.20

1.15

1.00

l.OO

1.08

1.00

1.00

on

on

90

on

90

.90

.90

.85

.85

sn

.80

.95

.80

.80

.80

.75

.75

.75

.75

.75

Sept.

0.75

.75

1.70

1.40

1.30

1.50

2.50

2.00

1.75

1.80

1.55

1.45

1.95

2.15

2.10

1.85

1.65

1.45

1.40

1.55

1.40

1.35

1.30

1.25

1.18

1.15

1 1.35

1.60

2.00

1.88

dct.

1.65

1.30

1.40

1.30

3 d(\

13.55

14 40

8.30

S DK

d 7%

4.08

3.70

3.30

3.00

2.85

2.70

2.62

2.52

2.48

2.45

2.40

2 38

2.28

2.25

2.20

9 if;

2.10

2.05

2.00

2.00

Nov.

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

9 nn

2.00

9 fin

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

9 nn

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.10

2.00

2.00

2.50

Dec.

2.45

2

Af\

a Oft

2.30

O OQ

2.20

2 10

9 nn

2.00

o nn

0* Aft

2.00

2.00

9 HA

9 HA

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

9 nn

2.20

4.00

5.65

4.90

o River reported "frozen" Jan. 1 and Jan. 4 to 11.

NOTE. Record of gage heights obtained as follows: Jan. 1 to 31 and Feb. 16 to 27, furnished by United 

States Weather Bureau; Feb. 4, from discharge measurement made by A. H. Hortoa; Feb. 28 to Dec. 31, 

by United States Geological Survey, C. A. Huber, observer. No ice reported by observer from Feb. 28 to 

Dec. 31. Relation of gage height to discharge probably aflected by fee Jan. 12, 13, 30, 31, Feb. 26 and 

27, and in December.

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Miami River at Hamilton,

Ohio Jor 1907-1909.

Date.

1907.

5........

6........

20........

21........

Mar. 13........

14........

15........

IQflR

Feb. 14........

1 H

Gage 

height.

14.5

9

0

7.0

13.4

19 n

14.5

20.0

16.3

10.0

17.0

Discharge.

50,400

26,400

17,400

45,000

38,400

50,400

Oft Kftft

59,800

29,400

63,700

Date.

1908. 

Feb. 16........

17....-.-.

Mar. 3........

6........

7........

8........

19

TWdTT T

1909.

Feb. 22........

26........

height.

15.3

11.4

14.0

10.5

iq Q

8.5

8 9

12.0

5.0

8.9

Discharge.

54,500

35j600

47,900

31,600

47 400

23,200

24 800

38,400

10,400

Date.

1909. 

May 9........

10........

11........

12........

13........

26........

27........

28........

26........

27........

28........

Gage 

height.

6.5

9.5

9.2

8.0

6.5

4.0

7.0

6.5

3.5

8.5

6.5

4.0

Discharge.

15,600 07 onn

26,000

21,200

15,600

7,160

17,^00

15,600

5,630

23,200

15,600

7,160
94 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PAET HI.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Miami River at Hamilton, Ohio, for 1910.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4. ..............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

5,000

8,760

7,160

6,300

5,700

5,000

4,000

3,000

2,500

2,000

3,000

5,000

7,000

32,900

22,800

10,700

7,800

33,800

36,500

25,200

17,000

12,400

9,740

6,230

5,630

4,730

5,630

5,030

4,150

3,600 

3,200

Feb.

3,000

2,800

2,800

3,860

5,600

4,800

4,000

3,200

2,600

2,300

2,000

1,800

2,200

2,000

1,800

8,760

12,100

10,400

9,000

7,000

5,000

4,500

4,000

3,500

3,000

3,000

7,000

55,000

.......

Mar.

64,800

44,300

24,800

16,800

13,600

11,900

10,100

8,600

7,320

6,230

5,480

4,880

4,440

4,150

4,150

3,580

3,530

3,580

3,260

3,100

2,800

2,680

2,560

2,510

2,380

2,330

2,120

2,100

2,100 

1,990

Apr.

1,990

1,900

1,920

1,880

1,920

1,990

1,990

1,990

1,990

1,920

1,660

1,560

1,450

1,450

1,450

1,450

1,350

1,560

1,560

1,660

2,440

4,440

3,310

2,440

2,100

1,990

1,880

1,770

1,770

1,700

May.

1,660

1,560

1,620

3,580

4,380

3,050

2,560

2,800

2,510

2,220

2,100

2,330

2,680

2,380

2,100

2,060

1,660

1,700

1,490

2,380

3,440

4,730

3,440

2,750

2,510

2,380

2,060

1,700

1,660

1,450 

1,450

June.

1,450

1,250

1,250

1,210

1,110

1,070

995

995

995

OQK

995

995

995

920

896

860

800

750

655

655

700

628

610

610

610

610

655

655

700

700

July.

655

594

530

530

530

1,160

995

1,070

995

1,250

1,840

1,700

2,060

1,450

1,250

4,580

2,610

1,920

1,250

995

920

800

720

628

570

530

530

720

800

800 

700

Aug.

655

610

594

546

530

495

Ann

400

448

Ann

400

340

340

340

340

340

340

340

315

315

290

290

370

290

290

290

270

270

270

270 

270

Sept

270

270

1,070

700

610

800

2,800

1 660 i'i60

1,250

860

7 Eft

1,560

1,990

1,880

1,350

995

750

700

860

700

655

610

570

516

495

655

920

1,660

1,410

Oct.

995

610

700

610

5,330

45,700

4Q onn

47,700

22,400

13,600

9,580

7,420

6,230

5,030

4,150

3,720

3,310

3,100

2,850

2,750

2,680

2,560

2,510

2,280

2,220

2,100

1,990

1,880

1,770

1,660 

1,660

Nov.

1,660

1,660

1 600

1,660

1,660

1,660

i fififi

1 660

I'eeo

1,660

1,660

1,660

1 660

I'eeo

1,660

1,660

1,660

1 660

1,660

1,660

1,660

1,660

1,660

1,660

1,660

1,660

1,880

1,660

1,660

2,800

Dec.

2,680

2,560

2,330

2,330

2

oon

2,100

1,880

1 660

1 660

1,660

1,660

1,660

1,660

1,660

1,660

1,660

1 660

1,660

1,660

1,660

1,660

1,660

1,660

1 660

1,660

1,660

1 660

2,100

7,160

12,600 

10,100

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve that is well defined between 

250 and 66,500 second-feet (gage heights 0.7 tod 17.5 feet): and is a tangent above 62,600 second-feet (gage 

height 16.8 feet), and extended as such above 66,500 second-feet (gage height 17.5 feet).

Daily discharge Jan. 1,4 to 13, Jan. 30 to Feb. 3, Feb. 5 to 15, andTFeb. 19 to 27 estimated, because of ice 

and absence of gage heights, from record of discharge at Dayton, Ohio, and climatologic records.

Daily discharge (1,660 second-feet) Nov. 1 to 26 and Dec. 9 to 29 probably too high. From a study of the 

gage height record on Miami River at Dayton, Ohio, kept by the United States Weather Bureau, and the 

United States Geological Survey discharge rating table for 1906 for Miami River at Dayton, Ohio, it appears 

that the mean discharge at Hamilton from Nov. 1 to 26 should be about 1,120 second-feet (ranging from 

about 850 to 1,600 second-feet), and from Dec. 9 to 27 about 860 second-feet (ranging from about 550 to about 

1,600 second-feet).

Monthly discharge of Miami River at Hamilton, Ohio, for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 3,580 square miles.]

Month.

March... ................................

April....................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

36,500 

55,000 

64,800 

4,440 

4,730 

1,450 

4,580 

655 

2,800 

49,900 

2,800 

12,600

64,800

Minimum.

o2,000 

ol,800 

1,990 

1,350 

1,450 

610 

530 

270 

270 

610 

61,660 

61,660

270

Mean.

10,000 

6,320 

8,850 

1,950 

2,400 

877 

1,150 

376 

1,020 

8,350 

61, 710 

62,620

3,810

Per 

square 

mile.

2.79 

1.77 

2.47 

.545 

.670 

.245 

.321 

.105 

.285 

2.33 

.478 

.732

1.06

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.22

1.84 

2.85 

.61 .77- 

.27 

.37 

.12 

.32 

2.69 

.53 

.84

14.43

Accuracy.

C. 

D. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

D. 

D.

a Estimated. 6 Probably too high; see footnote to table of daily discharge. 

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge relative to periods of estimated discharge.
OHIO RIVER BASIN. 95

KENTUCKY RIVEK BASIN.

DEK BIVER NEAR BT7RGIN, KY.

Kentucky River joins the Ohio from the south about halfway 

between Cincinnati, Ohio, and Louisville, Ky.

Dix River, the only tributary on which a gaging station is now 

maintained, rises in the southern part of Garrard County, flows westward into Lincoln County, then, in general, northward to its junction 

with Kentucky River at High Bridge. For much of its course it 

forms the boundary between Garrard County on the east and Boyle 

and Mercer counties on the west. The drainage area comprises 436 

square miles.

The gaging station, which is located at the highway bridge on the 

Burgin-Buena Vista pike, about 4 miles from Burgin, Ky., was 

established by representatives of the Kentucky Geological Survey 

and the Madison Electric & Power Co., of Richmond, Ky. The 

station has not been inspected by engineers of the United States 

Geological Survey.

The drainage area above the station is 416 square miles.

The gage is a staff attached to an abutment of the highway bridge. 

The gage heights and discharge measurements are furnished by the 

Kentucky Geological Survey and the Madison Electric & Power Co. 

The computations of daily and monthly discharge were made by the 

United States Geological Survey.

The discharge rating curve is fairly well defined. The record is 

considered reliable and accurate.

Discharge measurements of Dix River near Burgin, Ky., in 1910.

Date.

July 18

19

20

20

21

25

20

Hydrographer.

G. T. Bogard. .............................................

.....do....................................................

.....do....................................................

G.T. Bogard..............................................

Width.

Feet.

141

141

141

141

141

143

142

142

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

898

715

607

574

519

372

1,610

1,280

&.

Feet.

7.65

6.44

5.64

5.44

5.1

3.3

4.3

12.35

10.2

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,650

966

653

600

454

»50.4

219

6,260

3,870

a Large cross section of dead water not measured.

NOTE. These measurements were not made by the engineeers of the United States Geological Survey. 

Measurements computed at Newport office from copies of original notes.
96 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PART in.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Dix River near Burgin, Ky.,for 1910. 

[C. P. Kennedy, observer.]

Day.

1. ......... 

2.......... 

3. ....... .. 

4. ......... 

5..........

6.......... 

7. ......... 

8.......... 

9.......... 

10..........

11 ..........

19

13.......... 

14..........

15..........

July.

~3.~96

3.80 

5.85 

5.30

8.30 

7.50 

9.00 

6.80 

5.70

5.30

5.10

5.00 

6.90

6.50

Aug.

5.05 

4.50 

4.20 

4.00 

4.00

3.80 

3.80 

3.80 

3.60 

3.60

3

0f\

3

Af\

3.30

3 on

3.30

Sept.

7.70 

10.35 

8.45 

8.10 

11.05

10.00 

8.25 

6.05 

5.55 

5.00

A 7K

A, t&

4.65 

A. tn

4.05

Oct.

5.25 

4.90 

4.45 

4.12 

4.00

4.20 

5.35 

8.75 

6.65 

5.75

S

on

5.05

4.90

A. 7Z

4.65

Nov.

3.70 

3.80 

3.70

'a.'io'

3.45 

3.50

3 40

3.50

3.50

3

OC

3.20

Dec.

6.05 

5.70 

5.30 

5.05 

5.00

7.85 

7.45 

6.45 

5.80 

5.70

6.00

6.00

5.60 

5.00"

4.80

Day.

16.......... 

17.......... 

18.......... 

19.......... 

20.........

21 .......... 

22.......... 

23..........

24.......... 

25..........

26..........

27..........

28.......... 

29..........

30. ......... 

31..........

July.

9.00 

11.15

7.82 

6.00 

5.35

5.00 

4.65 

4.50 

4.30 

4.10

3.95

3.90

4.15 

5.10

6.25 

6.50

Aug.

3.28 

3.28 

3.30 

3.28 

3.70

4.60 

9.05 

5.60 

5.05

4.45

5.20

5.05

6.50 

5.50

5.15 

4.90

Sept.

3.88 

3.75 

3.70 

8.80 

11.50

7.55 

6.40 

5.90 

6.05 

6.55

10.65

7.45

6.45 

5.85

5.50

Oct.

4.60 

4.35 

4.05 

4.00 

3.85

3.80 

3.90 

4.05 

4.25 

4.10

3.95

3.90

3.80 

3.70

3.80 

3.75

Nov.

3.20 

3.30 

3.35 

3.35 

3.30

3.00 

3.00 

3.15 

3.10 

3.15

^ 1s

a <u»

9.00

9

1 C

6.45

Dec.

4.80 

4.60 

4.60 

4.60

4.55

4.55 

4.50 

4.55

4.75 

4.85

4 80

5.05

5.30

5.75

12.55 

9 90

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about December 10 to 27. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofDix River hear Burgin, Ky.,for 1910.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

July.

115

724

C1 Q

2,180 i Ann

2,760

1,190

fifiPfc

K1 Q

452

420

1,240

1,030

Aug.

436

WO

195

151

151

115

115

11.5

84

Qyl

CM

60

50Kfi

50

Sept.

1,730

4,050

9 °.nn

2,020

4,770

a ?nn

2,140

808

608

ojo

284

312

219

162

Oct.

EAO

388

OC7

177

151

1Q^

536

9 %Af\

1,110

684

519

388

312

Nov.

99

115

99

92

CM

76

68

60

66

71

60

71

71

55

41

Dec.

808

665

SI Q

436

420

1,840

1,570

704

Day.

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21 ..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

July.

2,760

4,880

1,820

786

536

420

312

270

219

172

142

132

184

452

902

1,030

Aug.

48

48

50

48

99

298

2,800

627

436

257

48K

436

1,030

590

468

388

Sept.

129

107

99

2,580

5,240

1,630

978

808

1 OfiA

4,350

1,570

1,000

724

590

Oct.

298

232

162

151

124

115

132

162

207

172

142

132

115

99

115

107

Nov.

41

50

55

<u»

50

OR

26

O7

33

07

07

7O

2,760

2,900

1,000

Dec.

S1Q

684

6,380

3,600

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve fairly well defined between 50 

and 6,550 second-feet (gage heights 0.3 and 12.7 feet). Discharge interpolated Nov. 4 to 7. Discharge Dec. 

10 to 27 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records; mean discharge 314 second-feet, estimated 

values varying from 150 to 600 second-feet. N

Monthly discharge of Dix River near Burgin, Ky., for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 416 square miles.]

Month.

July 2-31 ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,880 

2,800 

5,240 

2,540 

2,900 

6,380

Minimum.

115 

48 

99 

99 

26

Mean.

952 

326 

1,520 

355 

277 

800

Per 

square 

mile.

2.29 

.784 

3.66 

.853 

.666 

1.92

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.56 

.90 

4.08 

.97 

.74 

2.21

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.
OHIO BIVEB BASIN. 97 

WABASH BIVER BASIN. 

GENERAL FEATURES.

. The drainage area of Wabash Kiver lies in Ohio, Hljnois, and 

Indiana, slightly more than two-thirds of the area being in the lastnamed State.

The Wabash rises in the southwestern part of Mercer County, Ohio, 

flows northwestward across the Indiana State line to Huntington in 

Huntington County, and thence slightly southwestward to Logansport in Cass County. At Logansport the river turns more to the 

southwest until it reaches Covington, in Fountain County, where it 

finally turns south, continuing in this direction to Terre Haute, below 

which its pourse is slightly southwestward to its junction with Ohio 

Kiver about 30 miles below Mount Vernon, Ind. From a point about 

15 miles below Terre Haute to the mouth it forms the boundary line 

between Indiana and Illinois.

The important tributaries, beginning at the sources and following 

down the left bank, are, Salamonie and Mississinewa rivers, Wild Cat, 

Sugar, and Raccoon creeks, and White and Patoka rivers; on the 

right bank are Little, Eel, Tippecanoe, Vermilion, Embarrass, Little 

Wabash, and Saline rivers. White River is much the largest tributary. The length of the Wabash is about 410 miles (map measurement), and its drainage area comprises approximately 33,000 square 

miles.

The basin is regular in shape. Only a small part of the entire 

drainage area lies outside the glaciated region. The Wabash and the 

West Branch of the White lie within that area for their entire length. 

The East Branch of the White leaves the glaciated area in the lower 

part of its course, and enters it again about 20 miles above its mouth.

All the rock formations are more or less covered with glacial drift in 

the form of sand and gravel ridges and till plains. In general the 

surface of the country is flat, with a general slope toward the southwest. In the unglaciated section in southern Indiana the country 

is more uneven. Rock outcrops at many places in the bed of the 

mainstream and its tributaries.

Along Little Wabash River, which enters the Wabash about 15 

miles above its mouth, drainage and flood control are subjects of 

considerable interest. The Department of Agriculture is making a 

study of conditions with a view to developing a plan for reclaiming 

and protecting areas that are overflowed during floods. Portions of 

the river have already been mapped for use in this study.

The elevation of the sources of Wabash River is about 1,000 feet; 

at Huntington the elevation is 699 feet; at Logansport it is 583 feet; 

50017° WSP 283 12 7
98 SUEFAOE WATEE SUPPLY, 1910, PAET HE.

at Terre Haute, 478 feet; at the mouth of White River, 376 feet; at 

the mouth, 311 feet.

The basin is thickly settled and highly cultivated, and the timber 

standing comprises only groves and woodlots, generally of small 

extent.

The mean annual rainfall is about 40 inches. The winters in the 

northern part of the basin are comparatively severe. The snowfall 

is not heavy, but ice forms on the streams about 1 foot in thickness; 

in the lower part of the basin the winters are mild and ice does nqt 

form very thick.

The high value of farm land in this section would undoubtedly 

prohibit the construction of reservoirs for storage.

The main stream and its tributaries afford good opportunities for 

water power, especially the East and West branches of the White, 

where the fall is much more than on the Wabash. In general, the 

water power is not being developed.

At the headwaters of Wabash River, in Mercer County, Ohio, is a 

large reservoir, called Grand Reservoir, that is used to store water 

which is supplied to the Miami & Erie Canal. This reservoir receives 

the drainage from about 200 square miles, and its capacity is about 

4,000,000,000 cubic feet. The water that is thus fed to the canal is 

diverted from the basin of the Wabash River.

The Wabash is navigable for part of its length.

WABASH RIVER AT MOUNT CARMEL, ILL.

This station, which is located at the Southern Railway bridge at 

Mount Carmel, 111., was established June 16, 1884. The original gage 

belonged to the United States Engineer Corps, but it was rebuilt in 

November, 1904, by the United States Weather Bureau, which 

furnishes the gage readings. It is a staff gage attached to the first 

round pier from the west side of the railway bridge. On October 10, 

1908, the United States Geological Survey began taking discharge 

measurements.

White River enters 1J miles above the station and Patoka River 

enters immediately above the station. Measurements of extreme 

floods may be difficult to obtain on account of the many overflow 

channels east of the station.

Winters in this locality are mild. Ice does not form very thick and 

rarely lasts a month at a time.

The datum of the gage has probably remained unchanged since it 

was established in 1884.

Sufficient data have not yet been collected to enable estimates of 

discharge to be made.
OHIO RIVER BASIN. 99 

Discharge measurements of Wabash River at Mount Carmel, III., in 1908-1910.

Date.

1908. 

Oct. 10

1909. 

Mar. 9

Apr. 30

May 24

1910.

Mar. 23

Nov. 11

Hydrographer.

W. M. O'Neill..............................................

Jackson and Chapman. ..................................

M. E. McChrlstie....... . ...................................

Width.

Feet. 

772

1 440

1*210

Q7Q

1,970

975

813

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

5,400

19,200

13,400

9

Q1fL

28,200

8,870

6, 820

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.15

13.92

9.18

6.33

18.86

5.40

2.50

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

2,620

63,600

35,200

91 onn

77,100

16,700

7,060

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wabash River at Mount Carmel, III., for 1910. 

[H. M. Phillips, observer.]

Day.

1....... ........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19............... 

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.0

5.0

11.4

11.9

11.8

13.2

13.8

15.8

17.1

17.7

18.3

18.9

19.8

20.3

20.7

21.0

21.0

20.5

19.4 

17.9

16.4

Feb.

13.8

11.0

9.9

8.6

7.6

7.5

7.4

7.1

7.3

7.0

6.4

6.0

5.5

5.2

5.0

4.8

4.8

4.8 "To"

5.3

7.0

9.0

10.2

10.1

10.1

11.5

13.8

.......

Mar.

16.1

17.3

18.1

18.8

10 A

20.2

21.1

21.7

21 9

21.7

21.0

19.1

15.5

12.1

9.7

8.5

6.8

6.2

6.0 

6.0

5.9

5.6

5.4

5.1

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.8

4.6 

44

4.3

Apr.

4.3

4.2

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

4.1

5.0

5.7 

6.2

6.8

7.0

6.8

7.0

7.2

7.5

6.7

6.1

5.8 

5.5

May.

5.5

5.4

5.5

5.8

7.1

7.3

7.4

7.6

7.7

7.7

7.6

7.5

7.7

7.9

7.6

7.1

6.2

5.6

5.1

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.6

5.0

6.2

7.3

7.6

7.6

7.0 

5.9

5.2

June.

4.9

4.7

4.3

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4 

2.5

July.

3.7

3.9

3.2

3.3

3.8

4.5

4.8

5.1

4.8

4.4

5.1

4.9

4.9

5.5

5

C

5.2

7.7

12.1

12.8 

12.5

12.3

12.5

12.4

12.2

12.1

9.1

7.2

5.5

5.0 

7.2

9.3

Aug.

7.8

6.5

5.7

4.9

4.2

4.0

3.6

3.2

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9 

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7 

1.7

1.7

Sept.

1.8

1.7

1.7

2.5

3.6

5.2

5.6

6.6

8.2

7.2

7.1

6.7

5.8

5.0

4.6

4.2

4.0

3.6

3.2 

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.8 

1.8

Oct.

,1.8

1.8

1.7

2.0

4.4

10.5

15.2

16.2

15.9

16.0

16.2

16.9

17.4

17.7

17.5

17.1

16.2

14.4

10.7 

7.7

6.5

5.7

5.4

5.2

5.0

4.8

4.6

4.3

4.0 

3.7

3.4

Nov.

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2 

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.2

5.1 

6.4

Dec.

6.4

5.9

5.3

5

0

5.2

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.6

3.3

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4 

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.3 

2.5

4.0

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 1 to 15, Feb. 18 to 28, 

and Dec. 11 to 29. River reported "frozen" Jan. 1,4 to 8,10 to 13, and Feb. 19.

EMBARRASS RIVER BASIN. 

GENERAL FEATURES.

The drainage area of Embarrass Kiver lies in the southeastern portion of the State of Illinois.

The river rises in the central part of Champaign County, near 

Urbana, flows in a southerly direction through Douglas, Coles, and 

Cumberland counties to the center of Jasper County, whence it takes 

an extremely tortuous but in general southeasterly course across
100 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1910, PAET III.

Jasper County, the southwestern corner of Crawford County, and 

Lawrence County to its junction with Wabash River, about midway 

between Vincennes, Ind., and St. Francisville, 111. Exclusive of the 

bends, its length is about 125 miles, and its drainage area comprises 

2,410 square miles. Its most important tributary is Hickory Creek, 

or North Fork Creek, which enters from the left bank about 2| miles 

below St. Marie, 111. The sources of the river are about 730 feet and 

the mouth about 400 feet above sea level.

The basin is long and narrow, with a length of about 100 miles and 

a fairly uniform width ranging from 15 to 30 miles. The surrounding 

country, which is level or gently rolling, is diversified by some small 

hills along the river. In the lower part of the basin, in the vicinity 

of St. Marie, the soil is sandy along the river; farther north and west 

it is the familiar black loam. To the east the soil is a light-colored 

clay, which was formerly covered with a heavy growth of "water oak." 

Near Oakland, in the upper part of the area, a sandy red soil occurs, 

near the river and black loam away from the river. A mile back 

from the river on either side is prairie country.

In the southwestern part of the basin, west of Lawrenceville, there 

are extensive oil fields.

The chief crop hi the valley of the Embarrass is corn. Some wheat 

is also grown. Forested areas are lacking in this basin.

The mean annual rainfall is about 40 inches. The winters are, as 

a rule, mild, the snowfall extending over a period of about two 

months and lasting only a few days at a time. For about a month 

ice in the river is 3 or 4 inches thick. During periods^Of extreme 

drought there'is little flow in the river, for there are no springs in 

the basin and the ground-water storage is insufficient to maintain 

the low-water flow. In wet seasons the ground becomes saturated, 

and heavy rains reach the river too rapidly for the streams to care 

for them. Large areas of bottom land throughout the entire length 

of the river are inundated by the floods, which cause a great amount 

of damage. Land drainage and flood control are therefore subjects 

of much importance and are now under investigation. Little drainage work has been done in the uplands, but the bottoms have been 

drained to some extent. No water-power sites are available in this 

basin. The question of storage has not been studied.

The stations in this drainage are maintained in cooperation with 

the State of Illinois.

EMBARRASS RIVER NEAR OAKLAND, ILL.

This station, which is located at the highway bridge known as the 

"Antioch bridge," about 2 miles northwest of Oakland, HI., on the 

county-line road to Hindsboro anii Arcola, was established October 

23, 1909.
OHIO EIVEE BASIN. 101

Brush Creek enters from the left bank about 5 miles above the 

station. The total drainage area above the gaging station is 535 

square miles.

The datum of the chain gage, attached to the bridge, has remained 

unchanged since its installation.

The data are accurate and reliable.

There was no flow at this station during a portfon of the summer 

of 1908. The flood of 1897 reached a height of about 24 feet by the 

present gage datum.

Discharge measurements of Embarrass River near Oakland, III., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 8

12

12

26

July 21

Hydrographer.

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

Width.

Feet. 

119

105

105

160

98

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

628

426

430

894

367

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.11

5.44

5.46

9.02

4.85

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

792

440

419

1,230.

280

Daily gage height, in feet, of Embarrass River near Oakland, III., for 1910. 

[A. J. McDanels, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

4...............

5...............

6.'..............

7...............

8. ..............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18. ..............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24............."..

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30........;......

of

Jan.

4.7.

4.9

5 9

5.8

5.6

5.4

5.0

4.6

4.4

5.2

10.55

14.15

15.0

1O K

11.2

12.5

13.5

12.4

10.45

9.0

7.6

6.2

6.0

5.8

5.6

5.3

5.1

5.05

4.8

Feb.

4.7

4.8

5.1

5.0

4.95

4.9

4.65

4.6

4.5

4.45

4.2

4.0

4.0

3.95

3.95'

3.9

3.85

3.85

3.9

3.8

3.9

4.1

4.2

3.9

4.1

4.2

5.0

9.0

Mar.

13.0

12.5

10.5

10.0

9.2

8.4

7.3

6.9

6.1

5.8

5.55

5.4

5.2

5.15

4.9

4.8

4.7

4.5

4.3

4.25

4.2

4.15

4.1

4.0

3.95

3.95

3.9

3.85

3.7

3.55

3.4

Apr.

3.35

3.45

3.35

3.3

3.25

3.2

3.15

3.2

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.3

3.35

3.4

3.45

3.5

3.9

4.05

4.0

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.95

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.4

4.5

May.

4.75

5.0

5.25

6.2

5.65

6

AK

5.25

5.2

6.95

6.8

6.8

7.7

7.7

7.6

7.3

6.25

5.8

5.15

5.0

4.8

4.45

4.2

7.9

9.1

9.5

8.55

7.1

6.1

5.8

5.6

5.5

June.

5.1

4.8

4.6

4 <;

4.4

4.3

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.75

3.5

3.4

3.35

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.55

2.55

2.5

2.4

2.3

3.5

4.7

5.0

5.1

July.

4.35

3.6

4.65

4.95

5.0

5.55

5.9

5.05

4.75

4.0

3.05

3.4

4.25

3.9

3.6

9.9

9.0

8.55

7.95

6.25

5.6

5.15

4.5

3.9

3.55

3.2

3.15

3.6

5.8

6.35

6.0

Aug.

5.6

5.05

4.2

3.45

3.0

2.8

2.75

2.6

2.55

2.45

2.4

2.35

2.25

2.35

2.3

2.6

2.55

2.45

2.35

2.15

2.1

2.15

2.05

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.9 1.9-

1.85

1.8

Sept.

1.9

1.9

1.95

1.95

2.8

3.95

4.4

4.95

4.5

4.3

4.15

4.0

3.9

3.7

3.4

3.05

2.75

2.75

2.65

2.55

2.55

2.5

2.85

2.95

2.95

2.95

3.2

3.3

3.2

3.1

Oct.

3.1

2.95

2.9

4.0

5.85

6.6

6.55

6.4

6.15

5.8

5.6

5.55

5.3

5.05

4.8

4.5

3.95

3.8

3.55

3.3

3.1

3.05

2.9

2.9

2.85

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

Nov.

2.7

2.7

2.75

2.65

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.65

2.75

2.75

2.75

2.75

2.65

2.65

2.55

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.25

2.3

2.2

2.25

2.2

2.3

2.75

2.8

3.0

Dec.

3.55

3.7

3.8

3.95

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.5

3.35

3.2

3.2

3.25

3.15

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.05

2.9

2.85

2.9

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.65

2.7

2.6

2.65

2.55

2.7

2.95

3.9

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 1 to 11, Feb. 17 to 21, and Dec. 11 to 

31. Dec. 26 to 31 gage read to top of ice.
102 STTBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1910, PAET HI.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Embarrass River near Oakland, III., for 1910.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

300

300

300

300

300

300

300

200

200

200

200

376

1,770

3,200

3,560

2,920

2,000

2,500

2,920

2,460

1,730

1,270

902

583

540

498

456

396

356

346

297

Feb.

278

297

356

336

£26

316

269

260

243

234

194

165

165

158

158

152

100

100

50

40

60

179

194

152

179

194

336

1,270

Mar.

2,710

2,500-

1,750

1,580

1,330

1,100

830

737

561

498

446

416

376

366

316

297

278

243

210

202

194

186

179

165

158

158

152

146

12S

110

Apr.

90

100

90

85

90

76

72

76

80

80

80

85

90

95

100

105

152

172

165

165

152

152

152

152

158

194

194

194

226

243

May.

288

336

386

583

466

426

386

376

748

715

715

926

926

902

830

WM

498

366

336

297

234

194

975

1,300

1,420

1,150

783

561

498

456

41fi

June.

356

297

260

243

226

210

179

165

152

140

134

105

95

90

85

76

68

61

49

46

43

34

34

32

27

22

105

278

336

356

July.

218

105

269

326

336

446

519

346

288

165

64

95

202

152

116

1,550

1,270

1,150

988

594

456

366

243

152

110

76

72

116

498

616

540

Aug.

456

346

194

100

61

49

46

37

34

30

27

24

20

24

22

37

34

30

24

15

13

15

12

13

10

10

9

8

8

7

6

Sept.

8

8

9

9

49

158

226

326

243

210

186

165

152

128

95

64

46

46

40

34

34

32

52

58

58

58

76

85.

76

68

Oct.

68

58

55

165

508

671

660

627

572

498

456

446

396

346

297

243

158

140

110

85

68

64

55

55

52

49

49

43

43

37

37

Nov.

43

43

46

40

40

37

37

43

40

46

46

46

46

40

40

34

27

27

22

20

17

20

22

17

20

17

22

46

49

61

Dec.

110

128

140

158

140

128

128

105

90

76

60

50

40

30

30

25

25

20

20

20

15

15

15

15

15

20

20

30

40

50

100

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve well defined between 22 and 

1,000 second-feet (gage heights 2.3 and 8.0 feet); fairly well defined between 1,030 and 1,550 second-feet (gage 

heights 8.1 and 9.9 feet), and is an extension above discharge 1,580 second-feet (gage height 10.0 feet).

Daily discharge Jan. 1 to 11, Feb. 17 to 21, and Dec. 11 to 31 estimated because of ice, from climatologic 

records and records of run-off in adjacent drainage areas.

Monthly discharge of Embarrass River near Oakland, III., for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 535 square miles.]

Month.

January

February. ..............................

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

September. .............................

October. ............................

November ..............................

December ........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,560 

1,270 

2,710 

243 

1,420 

356 

1,550 

456 

326 

671 

61 

158

3,560

Minimum.

200 

. 40 

95 

72 

194 

22 

64 

6 

8 

37 

17 

15

6

Mean.

1,030 

241 

594 

128 

616 

143 

401 

55.5 

93.3 

229 

35.1 

59.9

305

Per 

square 

mile.

1.93 

.450 

1.11 

.239 

1.15 

.267 

.750 

.104 

.174 

.428 

.066 

.112

.570

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

2.22 

.47 

1.28 

.27 

1.33 

.30 

.86 

.12 

.19 

.49 

.07 

.13

7.73

Accuracy.

C. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

D.

EMBAKKASS KIVEK AT ST. MAKIE, ILL.

This station, which is located at the highway 'bridge at the north 

end of Main Street, St. Marie, HI., about 150 yards downstream from
OHIO BIVEB BASIN. 103

the Cmcinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railway bridge, was established 

October 20, 1909.

Hickory Creek, or NortK Fork Creek, enters from the left bank 

about 21 miles below the station. The total drainage area above the 

gaging station is 1,540 square miles.

The datum of the chain gage, attached to the highway bridge, has 

remained unchanged since its installation.

The data are accurate and reliable.

The flood of the spring of 1908 reached a height of about 22.5 feet 

by the present gage.

Discharge measurements of Embarrass River at St. Marie, III., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 5

May 14

15

16

17

17

18

Dec. 19

Hydrographer.

C.T. Bailey. .....................................:........

.....do............................:........................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

P. S. Monk .......................... ..^...................

Width.

Feet. 

174

112

122

120

118

 117

117

116

111

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

2,160

462

1,040

955

839

760

753

711

348

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

16.01

3.70

8.67

8.06

7.18

6.53

6.43

6.06

3.49

Discharge.

Sec. ft. 

4,600

301

1,780

1,570

1,210

1,010

1,000

953

265

Daily gage height, in feet, of Embarrass River at St. Marie, III., for 1910.

[Observers: T. L. Britton. Jan. 1 to Apr. 16; Harvey Dalton, Apr. 17 to Aug. 14; and V. C. Wuerth, Aug.

15 to Dec. 31.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4............... 

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

g

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

13...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

.......

5.4

7.2

14.0

16.0

16.0

15.1

15.3

15.9

17.4

17.1

15.3

12.9

10.3

8.7

7.8

7r5

7.4

6.9

6.4

6.1

Feb.

5.9

5.5

6.0

6.8 

6.1

5.7

5.4

5.0

4.9

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.3

5.5

5.0

5.0

4.7

4.9

4.9

4.9

5.2

6.5

7.4

7.1

6.5

5.6

15.7

18.1

Mar.

18.7

18.3

17.7

17.2 

15.9

14.2

12.4

10.5

9.2

8.4

7.6

7.1

6.7

6.4

6.1

5.8

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.1

5.0

4.9

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.2 

4.1

4.0

Apr.

4.0

4.1

3.9

3.9 

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

6.2

10.3

9.1

6.7

6.3

5.4

5.5

4.9

4.8

4.5

4.3

4.8

4.9

4.5 

4.4

May.

4.4

4.3

6.0

13.2 

10.0

7.1

6.1

7.1

9 1

8.1

7.5

11.1

11.4

8.8

7.9

7.0

6.5

6.0

5.7

5.4

5.2

5.1

7.5

12.0

0 1

8.9

8.2

9.1

7.3

7.2

5.9

June.

5.2

5.6

5.2

4.1

4.0

3.7

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.9

4.0

4.3

7.0

5.4

July.

5.1

4.5

5.2

6.9 

10.7

10.3

7.1

6.1

6.2

5.0

4.5

4.2

5.3

4.9

5.1

15.5

18.5

18.9

18.3

16.2

12.0

8.1

6.9

6.0

5.5

5.1

4.9

4.3

8.2 

10.2

11.2

Aug.

8.5

8.0

5.6

5.0 

4.5

4.1

4.2

3.7

S B

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

2.8

2.8

3.1

3.2

3.7

3.6

3.1

2

O

2.8

2.8

2.8

3.0

6.2

4.8

3.2 

2.9

2.7

Sept.

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.6

2.7

2.5

2.5

4.2

6.1

5.9

5.0

4.4

4.0

4.8

3.8

3.5

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

3.1

3.1

3.0

2.8 

2.7

Oct.

2.6

2.4

2.4

.5.7 

14.4

17.6

18.7

18.5

12.8

8.8

7.2

6.3

5.8

5.5

5.0

4.8

4.5

4.3

4.1

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.3 

3.2

3.2

\

Nov.

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0 

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.8

11.3

15.6

12.8

Dec.

8.7

6.8

5 9

5.4 

5.1

4.7

4.5

4.2

4.1

1 O

3.8

3.6

3.8

3.7

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.4

2.9

2.9

3.0

3.4

5.9 

9.4

8.5

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 1 to 16. 

ice Jan. 13 to 16, Feb. 18 to 20, and Dec. 25 and 26.

Gage read to top of
104 SUBFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1910, PABT in.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Embarrass River at St. Marie, III., for 1909-10.

Day.

1909. 

1............

3............

5............

6............

7... .........

8............

9............

10............

Oct.

Day.

1910. 

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Nov. Dec.

122 345 

122 326 

129 291 

122 259 

122 259

115 259

118 291 

118 250 

118 250 

122 250

Jan.

400 

400 

400 

500 

500

500 

500 

500 

400 

400

400 

800 

1,000 

3,500 

4,500

4,500 

4,380 

4,460 

4,710 

5,320

5,200 

4,460 

3,480 

2,420 

1,790

1,460 

1,340 

1,310 

1,130 

959 

861

Feb.

799 

683 

830 

1,100 

861

740 

656 

555 

532 

532

487 

444 

403 

683 

555

555 

487 

532 

532 

532

604 

992 

1,310 

1.200 

992

711 

4,630 

5,610

Day.

1909. 

11............

12............

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

Mar.

5,860 

5,690 

5,450 

5,240 

4,710

4,010 

3,270 

2,500 

1,980 

1,680

1,380 

1,200 

1,060 

959 

861

769 

683 

656 

604 

579

555 

532

487 

465 

444

444 

403 

383 

383 

364 

345

Apr.

345 

364 

326 

326 

326

308' 326 

291 

275 

259

244 

244 

229 

229 

229

893 

2,420 

1,940 

1,060 

926

656 

683 

532 

509 

444

403 

50» 

532 

444 

423

Oct. Nov.

...... 122

...... 122

...... 122

...... 122

...... 129

...... 129

...... 160

...... 423

...... 259

179 190

May.

423 

403 

830 

3,600 

2,300

1,200 

861 

1,200 

1,940 

1,570

1,340 

2,740 

2,860 

1,830 

1,490

1,160 

992 

830 

740

656

604 

579 

1,340 

3,110 

2,020

1,870 

1,600 

1,940 

1,270 

1,240 

. 790

June.

604 

711 

604 

570

535

501 

467 

433 

398 

364

345 

291 

259 

275 

275

215 

215 

202 

202 

190

179 

169 

179 

160 

152

179 

345 

403 

1,160 

656

' Dec.

250 

465 

3,110 

4,790 

4,710

3,930 

2,740 

1,830 

1,340 

800

July.

579 

444 

604 

1,130 

2,580

2,420 

1,200 

861 

893 

555

444 

383 

630 

532 

579

4,540 

5,780 

5,940 

5,690 

4,830

3,110 

1,570 

1,130 

830 

683

579 

532 

403 

1,600 

2,380 

2,780

Day. Oct.

1909. 

21............ 174

22............ 140

23............ 126

24............ 202

25............ 275

26............ 179

27............ 144

28............ 136

29............ 144

30............ 136

31............ 129

Aug.

1,720 

1,«30

711 

555 

444

364 

383 

291 

'275 

259

244 

229 

215 

202 

169

169 

202

215 

291 

275

202 

169 

169 

169 

, 169

190 

893 

509 

215 

179 

160

Sept.

144 

136 

136 

152 

160

144 

144 

383 

861 

799

555 

423 

345 

509 

308

259 

215 

190 

169 

152

152 

144 

144 

144 

136

202 

202 

190 

169 

160

Oct.

152 

136 

136 

740 

4,090

5,410 

5,860 

5,780 

4,960 

3,440

1,830 

1,240 

926 

769

683

555 

509 

444 

403 

364

364 

326

308 

308 

291

259 

259 

244 

229 

215 

215

Nov.

291 

259 

769 

2,300 

1,200

893 

740 

579 

465 

423

Nov.

202 

202 

0190 

190 

190

179 

179 

179 

179 

169

169 

160 

160 

160 

160

152 

152 

152 

152

144

144 

136 

136 

136 

136

136

169 

2,820 

4,590 

3,440

Dec.

500 

400 

400 

400 

400

350 

350 

350 

350 

350 

350

Dec.

1,790 

1,100 

799 

656 

579

487 

444 

383 

364 

326

308 

275 

308 

291 

259

259 

244 

244 

244 

215

275 

244 

215 

244 

179

179 

190 

244 

799 

2,060 

1,720

NOTE. Discharge for 1909 redetermined by means of a rating curve which was revised as result of discharge measurements made since 1909. Daily discharge, 1910, determined by means of the revised rating 

curve, which is poorly defined below 160 second-feet (gage height 2.7 feet); well defined between 169 and 

1,870 second-feet (gage heights 2.8 and 8.9 feet); fairly weUdefined between 1,900 and 4,750 second-feet (gage 

heights 9.0 and 16.0 feet); and above 4,750 second-feet (gage height 16.0 feet) is extended on a tangent which 

starts at discharge 2,700 second-feet (gage height 11.0 feet). Discharge Dec. 8 to 11,1909, and Dec. 20.1909, 

to Jan. 16, 1910, estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records and records of run-off in adjacent 

drainage areas. Because of the revision the figures in these tables differ from those published by the Internal Improvement Commission of Illinois in its report for 1908-1910.
OHIO BIVEB BASIST. 105

Monthly discharge of Embarrass River at St. Marie, III., far 1909-10. 

[Drainage area, 1,540 square miles.]

Month.

1909. 

October 20-31... ........................

December. ..............................

1910.

March...................................

April....................................

Mav

July.....................................

December. ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

275 

2,300 

4,790

5,320 

5,610 

5,860 

2,420 

3,600 

1,160 

5,940 

1,720 

861 

5,860 

4,590 

2,060

5,940

Minimum.

126 

115 

250

400 

403 

345 

229 

403 

152 

383 

160 

136 

136 

136 

179

136

Mean.

164 

364

998

2,020 

1,020 

1,740 

556 

1,460 

375 

1,810 

380 

261 

1,340 

509 

514

1,000

Per 

square 

mile.

0.106 

.236

.648

1.31 

.662 

1.13 

.361 

.948 

.244 

1.18 

.247 

.169 

.870 

.331 

.334

.649

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.05 

.26

.75

1.51 

.69 

1.30 

.40 

1.09 

.27 

1.36 

.28 

.19 

1.00 

.37 

' .39

8.85

Accu 

racy.

B. 

A. 

B.

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

NOTE. See footnotes to daily discharge table.

WHITE RIVER BASIN. 

EAST BEANCH OF WHITE EIVEE AT SHOALS, IND.

White River, the largest tributary of Wabash River, is formed by 

the junction of the East and West branches near Petersburg, Ind., 

and discharges into the Wabash above Mount Carmel, 111. The area 

of the oval-shaped basin comprises about one-half of the Wabash 

drainage in Indiana, or one-sixth of the entire State.

The two branches rise in eastern Indiana at an elevation of about 

1,000 feet and flow in a general southwesterly direction nearly across 

the State. The West Branch rises in Randolph County near the 

Ohio-Indiana State line, flows west to Hamilton County near the 

center 'of the State, then southwest to its junction with the East 

Branch. The East Branch is formed in Bartholomew County by 

several streams which have their sources in Henry and Hancock 

counties. Its course is south and west through Jackson, Lawrence, 

Martin, and Daviess counties to the junction with the West Branch.

The fall is much greater on the East and West branches of the 

White than on the Wabash, and these streams afford good waterpower sites which have not been utilized to a great extent because of 

the abundance of cheap fuel.

The gaging station, which is located at the highway bridge between 

East Shoals and West Shoals, Ind., a short distance above the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad bridge, was established June
106 STJBFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1010, PAET HI.

25, 1903, discontinued July 21, 1906, and reestablished October 12, 

1908. - '

The bed of the river is of solid rock and the estimates of the flow 

at this station should be excellent. Gage readings are taken from 

December 1 to May 31 by the United States Weather Bureau.

The datum of the chain gage, which is attached to the highway 

bridge, was raised 61 feet on January 1, 1909, so as to be the same as 

that used by the Weather Bureau.

The records are reliable and accurate. The winters are mild in 

this vicinity and the winter flow is affected but little by ice.

Discharge measurements of East Branch of White River at Shoals, Ind., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 24

Oct. 29o

Hydrographer.

M. E. McChristie.............. ............................

Width.

Feet. 

321

308

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

828

815

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.84

3.79

Discharge.

Sec.ft. 

2.420

1,970

o Drift collected in left-hand span of railroad bridge, below bridge from which measurement was made.

Daily gage height, in feet, of East Branch of White River at Shoals, Ind., for 1910.

[O. H. Greist, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7............... 8..............:

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15. ..............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26. ..............

27..............: 

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.1

3.2

3.5

4.6

4.0

4.8

5.4

fi R

5.2

4.8

4.6

3 Q

4.4

8.9

9.9

8.4

11.2

12.5

16.1

17 °.

17.7

18.0

17.6

16.0

12.8

9.4

7.3 

6.3

5.8

5.8

5.7

Feb.

5.2

4.9

4.8

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.1

3 9

3.8

3.8

3.8

4.0

4.8

5.6

5.6

5.7

6

0

8

-1

9

1

8.6

8.3

8.3

19 3

Mar.

14.5

15.2

17.9

20.5

22.2

22.3

20.6

11.2

7.7

6.1

5.5

5

O

4 9

4.7

A. t\

4 4

A O

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.0

3 Q

3

0

3 7

3 7

3.7 

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.5

Apr.

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3

3

K

3.4

3.4

3

0

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.6

1 7

A. 1?

4.4

5.0

5.7

5.7

5.6

t O

4.8

4.5

4.2

4.1 

4 0

3 d

3 Q

May.

3. a

3.8

3.9

4.2

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.9

5.3

c a

6.0

5.8

5.6

fi 9

4.9

4.6

4.3

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.3 K n

5.4

5

0

5.1

4.8 

4.6

A q

4.0

3

0

June.

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3

1

3 1

3.1

3.2

3.2

3

-1

3

1

3

-1

2.9

2.9

2

0

2 «

O ly

2 7

2.7

2.7

2.8

3

0

3

1

3.2

July.

3.45

3.45

3.35

3.15

3.1

3.3

4.05

4.5

5.0

5.1

f; 1

5.0

5.2

4.75

4.55

5.05

6.7

6 Q

8.15

8.65

9.2

9.45

7 Off

6.25

5.2

4

Afi

4.3 

4 25

4.6

C q

5.0

Aug.

4.3

3.95

3.85

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

^ 1

3 n

3

n

2 0

2 C|

2.9

2.8

2

0

2.9 2.8'

2

0

2.8

O iff

2

QC

2

0

2 7

2 7

2.8 

2.9 .

Q ft

2.9

2 Q

Sept.

3.05

3.15

3.05

3.2

3.3

4.5

4.45

4.0

3.95

3.65

3.5

3.35

3.15

3.1

3.0

2.9

2

0

2 7

2.7

2.7

2.6 -

2.6

2 ft

2.6

2 7

2

0

2.8

2 7

2 7

2 7

» . . , .

Oct.

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.9

5.5

15.5

18.65

17.65

17.2

19.55

21.95

23.55

23.65

22.15

18.55

11.8

7.5

6.0

5.15

4 Q

4.6

A. 1?

4.35

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.0

0 Q

O 0

3 7

3 1

Nov.

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3

O

3.1

3.1

3 1

3.1

3 1

3

1

3

-1

3 AC

3 A

3.0

3

Hf>

4 86

5 45

....

Dec.

5.4

4.9

4.4

4.05

3.85

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.35

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.15

3.2

3 9

3 1

3.1

0 ft

3 n

2.85

0 ft

q n

2.9

2

0

2.8

3 OK

4.25

6.0

7.7

NOTE, 

by ice.

, No record of ice kept by observer. Relation of gage height to discharge probably not affected
OHIO BlVER BASIN. 107 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of East Branch of White River at Shoals, Ind.,for 1910.

Day.

1........ .......

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9..............:

10...............

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17. ..............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1,270

1,410

1,890

4,520

2,920

5,060

6,560

7,040

6,080

5,060

4,520

2,680

3,980

13,600

15,200

12,700

17,300

19,200

24,600

27,000

27,500

26,900

24,500

10 7flft

14,400

10,600

8,610

7,500

7,500

7,270

Feb.

6,080

5,320

5,060

4,520

4,520

4,520

4,520

4,250

3,710

^ 44/t

3,180

3,180

2,680

2,460

2,460

2,460

2,920

5,060

7,040

7 nan

7,270

9

({Kf\

12,100

13,900

13,000

12,500

12,500

to nnn

.......

Mar.

22,200

23,300

27.400

31J200

33,800

34,000

31,400

25,000

17,300

11,400

8,170

6,800

6,080

5,320

4. 7QO

4 250

3,980

3,710

3,440

3,180

2,920

2,920

2,680

2,460

2,260

2,260

2,260

2,070

2,070

2,070

1,890

Apr.

1,890

1,720

1,720

1,720

1,720

1*660

l'890

1,720

1,720

1,560

1,720

1,890

1,720

2,070

2,260

4,250

3,980

5,580

7,270

7,270

7 fUft

6,080

5,060

4,250

3,440

3,180

2,920

2,680

2,680

May.

2/460

2,460

2,680

3,440

4,790

4,790

4,790

5,320

6,320

7,730

7,950

7,500

7,040

6,080

5,320

4,520

3,710

3,180

3,180

2,920

2

QOA

3,710

5,580

6,560

6,320

5,830

5,060

4,520

3,710

2,920

2,460

June.

2,070

1,890

1,720

1,560

1,560

1,410

1,410

1,410

1,270

1,270

1,270

1,270

1,270

1,410

1,410

1,270

1,270

1,270

1,000

1,000

880

880

770

770

770

770

880

1,410

1,270

1,410

July.

1,800

1,800

1,640

1,340

1,270

1,560

3,050

4,250

5,580

5,830

s' 580

6*080

4,920

4,380'

5,700

9,450

9,850

12,200

13,100

14,100

14,500

11,700

8,500

6,080

4,120

3,710

3,580

4,660

6,320

5,580

Aug.

3,710

2,800

2,570

2,260

1,890

1,720

1,560

1,410

1,270

1,270

1,130

1,130

1,000

1,000

1,000

880

880

1,000

880

880

880

825

1,060

880

770

770

880

1,000

1,130 i,-ooo

1,000-

Sept.

1,200

1,340

1,200

1,410

1,560

4,250

4,120

2,920

2,800

2,160

1,890

1,640

1,340

1,270

1,130

1,000

880

770

770

770

670

670

678

670

770

880

880

770

770

770

Oct.

770

670

670

1,000

6,800

23,800

28,500

26.800

26,300

29,800

33,400

35,800

36,000

33,700

28,300

18,200

10,600

7,400

5,330

4,1380

3,620

3,220

3,090

2,850

2,620

2,400

2,200

2,010

1,840

1,840

Nov.

1,680

1,530

1,530

1,400

1,400

1,400

1,400

1,400

1,400

1,400

1,280

1,280

1,170

1,170

1,170

1,170

1,170

1,060

1,060

1,060

1 060

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,020

965

965

1,920

4,550

6,100

Dec.

5,970

4,680

3,350

2,510

2,100

1,840

1,680

1,530

1,400

1,400

1,340

1,280

1,170

1,170

1,120

1,170

1,170

1,060

1,060

965

965

820

965

965

865

775

775

1,220

2,970

7,400

11,100

NOTE. Dally discharge, Jan. 1 to Oct. 16, determined from a rating curve that is based on discharge 

measurements made from 1903 to October, 1910, is well defined below 4,250 second-feet (gage height 4.5 

feet), reverses at about 4,250 second-feet (gage height 4.5 feet), and is drawn on a tangent above 17,000secondfeet (gage height 11.0 feet). Daily discharge, Oct. 17 to Dec. 31, determined from a rating curve that is 

based on 1 discharge measurement made Oct. 29, 1910, and the shape of the previous curve oeing approximately parallel to previous curve above 2,400 second-feet (gage height 4.0 feet). This curve reverses at 

about 3,620 second-feet (gage height 4.5 feet) and is not wefl defined. The change indicated by the discharge measurement made Oct. 29, 1910, is probably due to drift lodged in the channel below the gaging 

section. The date and stage for change from one curve to the other are very uncertain.

Monthly discharge of East Fork of White River at Shoals, Ind.,for 1910.

[Drainage area, 4,900 square miles.] 

Month.

March ..................................

April. ..................................

May. ...................................

June. . ..................................

July....................................

October. ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

27,500 

19,000 

34,000 

7,270 

7,950 

2,070 

14,500 

3,710 

4,250 

36,000 

6,100 

11,100

36,000

Minimum.

1,270 

2,460 

1,890 

1,560 

2,460 

770 

1,270 

770 

670 

670 

965 

775

670

Mean.

11,700 

6,590 

10,700 

3,140 

4,700 

1,260 

6,070 

1,300 

1,400 

12,500 

1,530 

2,150

5,290

Per

square 

mile.

2.39 

1.34 

2.18 

.641 

.959 

.257 

1.24 

.265 

.286 

2.55 

.312 

.439

1.08

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.76 

1.40 

2.51 

.72 

1.11 

.29 

1.43 

.31 

.32 

2.94 

.35 

.51

14.66

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B.
108 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PART HI. 

LITTLE WABASH RIVER BASIN. 

GENERAL FEATURES.

The drainage basin of Little Wabash River lies in the southeastern 

part of the State of Illinois.

The river rises in the southwestern corner of Coles County, flows 

slightly southeastward, and discharges into Wabash River about 15 

miles above its mouth, at the boundary line between White and Gallatin counties. Skillet Fork, its only important tributary, joins it 

not far above its mouth. The Little Wabash is about 150 miles long, 

and its drainage area comprises 3,200 square miles. The elevation 

of the sources of the river is about 720 feet; at its mouth it is about 

340 feet above sea level.

The basin is shaped somewhat like a parallelogram, with the long 

sides north and south. The country is level or undulating. The 

soil, a rich black loam in the northern part, gradually changes into 

a yellow clay or "mulatto soil" in the southern part. There are no 

forested areas in this basin.

The annual rainfall is about 42 inches. The winters are mild; ice 

does not form very thick and snowfall is light and does not last long.

No water-power sites exist anywhere in this basin.

The question of storage has not been investigated, though it is 

recognized as important in connection with the growing demand for 

water supplies and the general subjects of drainage and flood control. The United States Department of Agriculture is making a 

study of the surface with a view to formulating a plan for reclaiming and protecting areas that are overflowed during floods. Portions of the river have already been mapped for use in this study.

The gaging stations in this drainage are maintained in cooperation 

with the State of Illinois.

LITTLE WABASH RIVER NEAR CLAY CITY, ILL.

This station, which is located at the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad bridge, about 2 miles east of Clay City, 111., was 

established October 3, 1908.

Big Muddy Creek enters from the left bank, about 5 miles below 

the section. The total drainage area above the gaging station is 

808 square miles.

This station is at the toe of a horseshoe bend in the river, and the 

ground inside the bend along the railroad track is low. During high 

water the Little Wabash overflows into Little Muddy Creek, a branch 

of Big Muddy Creek, and in extreme high water also overflows into 

Big Muddy Creek, forming at such times a sheet of water about 4 

miles wide along the railroad embankment. The discharge of the 

Little Wabash at the gaging station during extreme high water can 

not be determined on account of the above conditions, for the water
OHIO KTVEE BASIN. 109

which, passes the gaging station includes some of the flood water of 

Big Muddy Creek. The station is not good for measurement of lowwater flow because of comparatively large area of the section and 

low velocity of the current at low stages. Springs feed the river 

near the gaging station, and the river has not been known to go dry 

at this point. The flood of February 8, 1909, reached a height of 

about 23.7 feet by the present/gage datum.

The datum of the chain gage, attached to the railroad bridge, has 

remained unchanged since its installation, and the records are reliable 

and accurate.

Sufficient data have not yet been obtained to enable estimates of 

flow to be made.

Discharge measurements of Little Wabash River near Clay City, III., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 4

11

11

Dec. 18

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................

Width.

Feet. 

1.703

64

64

51

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

6,970

342

341

193

Gage*

height.

Feet. 

18.73

8.92

8.89

6.50

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

09.760

317

302

49.1

a Includes Little Muddy and Big Muddy creeks.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Wabash River near Clay City, III., for 1910. 

[Wm. F. Davis, observer.]

Day.

1...... ........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7. ..............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15............... 

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

6.9

7.0

7.1

7.1

8.4

8.9

9.3

9.3

9.3

7.9

7.3

7.3

10.05

15.9 -

18.0 

18.2

18.2

17 Q

17.55

17.8

18.0

17.45

14.0

10.4

9.5

9 n

8.9

9.5

9.95 

9.0

8 Q

Feb.

8.4

8.9

8.9

9.45

11.2

10.2

9.0

8.4

7.85

7.4

7.55

7.45

7.3

7.3

7.9 

9 4

9.4

9 A

9.2

9.2

9.2

10.2

12.7

13.3

12.5

10.2

14.45

18.8

Mar.

18.75

19.5

19.0

18.7

18.5

18.3

17.0

13.35

11.3

9.3

8.95

8.5

8.3

8.0

7.9 

7.7

7.5

7.4

7.3

7.2

7.1

7.1

7.1

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.0

6.8

6.8 

6.7

6.7

Apr.

6.7

6.7

5.7

6.7

6.9

7.0

7.0

7.0

7.0

7.0

6.8

6.6

6<55

6.55

6.55 

7.0

8.6

9 6

9 Q

9

0

8.4

S 0

7.7

7.4

7.3

7.4

7.7

8.6

9.0

8.2

May.

7.9

7.4

7.1

7.1

10.55

10.8

9.0

9.4

11.6

12.5

11.5

9 7

13.5

15.4

9 7

8.6

8 1 **

7 Q

7 Q

7.6

7.6

7.5

1 9 q

16.1

17.1

17.3

14.1

13.4

8 Q

9.5

June.

10.4

8.7

8.0

. 7.7

7.8

10.2

10.1

8.4

7.9

7.4

7.3

n q

7 9

7.0

6.8 

6.7

6.6

6.5

6.5

7.4

6.6

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.3

6.6

6.6

12.0

9 A

July.

7.8

7.2

7.0

7.0

11.7

13.7

14.2

12.0

9.5

9.0

8.8

8.4

7.7

7.7

7.7 

Q n

16.9

-jo n

18.1

18.15

18.1

16.1

9

C

8.5

8 A

7.5

7.4

7.3

7.1 

7.0

7.0

Aug.

6.85

6.8

6.7

6.7

6.5

6.5

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.25

£ OR

6.25

6.25

6.2

a o

6.3

6.7

6.8

6.8

6.8

6.8

12.3

12.9

10.1

7.7

7.1

Sept.

6.8

6.6

6.9

7.0

8.0

8.3

7.9

9.8

12.3

14.0

11.0

10.4

7.1

6.85

6.7 

6.65

6.7

6 45

6.5

6.4

6.35

6.4

6.25

6.3

6.2

6.15

6.2

7.15

7.2 

7.1

Oct.

7.05

7.0

6.4

10.55

18.1

18.7

19.0

18.8

1Q 1

19.0

18.7

1 ft S

10.6

7.95

7 Q

7.45

7.4

7.4

7.25

7.2

6.75

6.8

6.8

6.75

6.8

6.75

6.7

6.6 

6.35

6.3

Nov.

6.2

6.2

6.15

6.1

6.1

6.05

6.1

6.05

6.1

6.1

6.05

6.1

6.05

6.1 

6.05

6.1

6.1

6.05

6.1

6.15

6.2

6.2

6.15

6.2

6.15

6.2

6.3

6.35

19 O

Dec.

12.35

9.4

8.3

7.85

7.4

7.15

7.2

7.1

6.85

6.9

6.85

6 9

6.8

6.65

6.6 

6.55

6.6

6.55

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5 

6.9

10.2

NOTE. No ice reported by observer, 

about Jan. 1 to 3 and Dec. 15 to 31.

Eelation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice
110 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PART HI.

LITTLE WABASH RIVER NEAR GOLDEN GATE, ILL.

This station, which is located at the Southern Railway bridge about 

1 mile west of Golden Gate, 111., was established August 17, 1908.

Elm Creek enters from the right bank about 3 miles above the 

station. The total drainage area above the gaging station is 1,780 

square miles.

The datum of the chain gage, which is attached to the railroad 

bridge, has not been changed since its installation, and the records 

are accurate and reliable.

The stream does not go dry at this point.

During high water there is flow through three openings in the railroad embankment east of the main channel. All of the flood flow 

can be measured.

No reliable estimates of discharge can yet be made, because of the 

backwater which is known to occur at this station at times.

Discharge measurements of Little Wabash River near Golden Gate, III., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 2

9

12

14

15

16

17

Dec. 1$

16

Hydrographer.

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

Width.

Feet. 

1,228

1.252

1,239

1,215

207

155

124

93

76

76

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

9,420

13,100

11,900

7,650

2,360

1,760

1,070

630

328

323

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

23.59

25.42

24.56

22.23

18.65

15.50

10.25

6.48

3.05

2.90

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

9,150

9,520 .

8,400

i 9jn

2,080

1,170

747

410

«76.3

«59.7

« Measurements made with slightly damaged meter. Relation of gage height to discharge affected 

by ice.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofLittte Wabash River near Golden Gate, 711., for 1910. 

[Ben Chalcraft, observer.]

Day.

1. ...... .."......

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

Jan.

3.7

4.7

5.1

5.2

5.3

6.2

8.0

7.7

7.3

7.0

6.6

5.0

8.0

14.8

16.5

17.2

17.6

18.0

18.5

19.6

Feb.

7.7

6.9

6.2

5.9

7.2

9.5

9.0

7.4

6.9

6.0

5.4

5.2

4.3

4.5

4.5

A 1

5.5

5.9

7.1

Mar.

22.2

23.3

24.3

25.4

25.8

25.8

25.5

25.1

24.7

24.3

23.6

22 7

21.3

19.7

16.7

12.4

7.6

4.9

4.6

4.4

Apr.

3.3

3.0

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.4

3.5

3.8

3.8

3.4

3.8

5.7

5.0

4.6

5.4

7.4

9 7

12.0

11.5

May.

6.5

6.0

6.5

5.3

4.7

4.3

7.3

8.1

6.7

5.6

7.5

8.9

7.5

7.0

11.2

11.5

9.9

7.5

7.4

6.5

June.

7.0

6.1

6.2

5.1

4.4

4.2

4.3

6.5

6.6

5.5

4.6

4.1

4.1

4.7

4.3

3.9

3.5

3.3

3.1

3.0

July.

6.8

6.1

5.4

4.3

6.8

9.15

11.4

12.35

12.6

11.3

8.45

7.3

6.95

6.2

5.3

4.65

8.4

12.75

14.4

15.0

Aug.

4.3

3.75

3.3

3.15

3.1

3.0

2.85

2.8

2.65

2.7

2.7

2.55

2.6

2.55

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.5

2.35

2.4

Sept.

3.95

3.6

3.25

3.1

6.95

12.5

14.1

15.2

15.7

15.1

14.8

14.5

12.5

8.4

5.75

4.65

3.7

3.45

3.3

3.05

Oct.

3.45

3.4

3.05

7.5

14.45

20.4

22.5

24.2

24.9

25.7

25.7

25.6

25.4

25.2

24.8

24.4

23.9

23.8

22.1

20.1

Nov.

3.1

2.95

2.75

2.65

2.65

2.9

2.95

2.85

2.75

2.65

2.7

2.65

2.55

2.55

2.55

2.5

2.65

2.55

2.55

2.55

Dec.

8.45

8.55

7 OK

G.55

5.2

4.25

3.95

3.75

3.55

3.5

3.35

3.35

2.75

2.95

3.1

 2.85

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8
OHIO EIVEE BASIN. Ill 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Wabash River near Golden Gate, III., for 1910 Con.

Day.

21...............

22...............

23...............

24..............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

20.3

20.3

20.5

20.3

1O 7

18.8

16.5

12.5

9.8

9

n

8 0

Feb.

7.5

9.4

12.8

14.6

15.4

15.8

17 O

20.1

Mar.

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

3 d

3.8

3.9

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.4

Apr.

9.9

8.1

6.5

6.0

5.5

5.6

6.0

6.5

6.7

7.0

May.

5.1

4.5

4.6

7 9

9.9

12.1

12.6

13.0

13.0

11.5

9 0

June.

i n

5.9

5.4

4 9

4.2

3.5

3

n

3.5

4.4

5 A

July.

15.45

15.1

11 OS

15.0

14 O

11 11

9 0

5.95

4.9

3.4

4 75

Aug.

2.5

2.35

3 0

3.55

3.5

4.1

3.55

4.4

7.45

6.5

5.75

Sept.

2.85

2.8

2.35

2.6

2.45

2 dK

2.6

2.45

2.5

2.55

Oct.

17.35

13.4

7.75

4.35

3.95

3.65

3.3

2.65

2.55

2.95

3.05

Nov.

2.5

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.4

2.65

5.85

7.45

a is

Dec.

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.6

2.7

2.9

4.2

7.3

9.2

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Dec. 11 to 20. 

LITTLE WABASH BIVER AT CARMI, ILL.

This station, which is located at the highway bridge in the northeastern part of Carmi, 111., about one-fourth mile below the bridge 

of the Big Four and Louisville-& Nashville railroads, was established 

October 9, 1908.

Skillet Fork River enters on the right bank about 4£ miles above 

the station. The drainage area above the gaging section is 3,090 

square miles.

The relation between discharge and gage height at this station is 

affected by backwater from Wabash and Ohio rivers. There is but 

one channel at all stages.

The datum of the chain gage, attached to the highway bridge, has 

remained unchanged since its installation. The records are accurate 

and reliable, but are affected by backwater as stated above.

From high-water marks preserved at this station the following 

flood heights have been measured and referred to the present gage 

datum: 1875, gage height 33.5 feet; about year 1895, gage height 

34.0 feet; 1897, gage height 34.5 feet; and 1898, gage height 36 feet. 

These records are authentic, but it is possible that some of the dates 

may be in error.

The data thus far obtained are insufficient to enable estimates of 

the flow to be made.

Discharge measurements of Little Wabash River at Carmi* III., in 1910.

Date.

June 10

Dec. 14

Hydrographer.

C. T. Bailey...............................................

Width.

Feet.

156

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

324

137

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.54

2.01

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

757

137
112 SUBFACE WATBE SUPPLY, 1&10, PAET IH.

Daily gage height, in feet, oflattte Wdbash River at Carmi, III., for 1910. 

{Noah Weigant, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7... ............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.7

3.5

4.7

4.9

5.0

5.45

5.1

4.55

3.5

6.3

11.15

12.45

13.0

13.7

15.6

16.4

16.75

17.3

17 Q

18.35

18.5

18.35

17.65

16.8

15.7

14.15 

13.25 

12.5

Feb.

11.4

9.4

6.7

4.1

3.5

4.25

5.5

5.5

4.9

4.1

3.35

3.1

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.7

3.3

3.95

5.3

8.05

9.35

11.1

12.4

16.65

1Q JL

Mar.

19.9

20.3

21.35

22.9

24.2

25.5

26.4

26.95

27.15

27.05

26.7

26.1

25.2

24.0

22.15

19.0

13. 8

8.0

3.9

2.9

2.75

2

ft

2.55

2.5

2.46

2.45

2.4

2.35

2.35 

2.3 

2.3

Apr.

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.15

2.2

2.3

2.35

2.55

2.7

3.0

3.3

3.45

4.65

5.35

6.95

7.8

7.55

6.3

5.0

3 95

3.65

3.55

A ^

4.8

4.85 

4.75

May.

4.65

4.55

5.25

4.55

3.6

3.1

3.05

4.3

,4.75 '4.0

3.7

5.05

5.55

5.05

5.65

6.35

6.55

5.55

4.3

4.0

3.45

3.05

3.25

4.25

5.1

6.5

7.45

7 »ye

7.65 

7.3 

6.4

June.

4.5

3.25

3.2

3.1

3.05

2.6

2.5

2.4

3.25

3.5

3.25

2.8

2.6

2.45

2.55

2.5

2.4

2.25

2.2

2.1

2.1

9. 1

2.65

3.25

2.95

2.55

9 JL

2.35

2.3 

2.3

July.

2.85

3.4

3.3

3.0

3.4

4.1

5.0

6.1

6.7

7.0

6.25

5.9

4.65

4.0

3.75

3.8

3.75

4.4

6.85

9.1

10.15

10.2

9.S5

9

n

S Q

in a

8.6

e QC

4.0 

3.15 

2.75

Aug.

2.45

2.35

2.25

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.05

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.95

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.85

2.1

1.95

2.0

2.05

2.5

2.55

2.7

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.35 

3.45 

3.9

Sept.

3.4

2.75

2.35

2.8

6.85

8.7

11.15

12.2

13.8

13.95

13.35

12.7

11.6

9.3

5.85

3.7

3.0

2.55

2 4

2.25

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.05

1.95

2.0

2.0

2.3

2.25 

2.2

Oct.

2.1

2.2

2.25

7.75

16.9

22.75

23.2

23.0

23.2

23.9

24.6

25.25

25.7

25.85

25.85

25.6

25.3

24.75

23.95

22.9

21.45

19.35

15.6

10.55

5.3

3.25

2.65

2.5

2.35 

2.25 

2.25

Nov.

2.15

2.2

2.1

2.05

2.1

2.05

2.05

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.95

2.0

1.95

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.9

1.85

1.9

 1.85

1.85

1 Q

1.85

1.9

1.85

1.85

2.15

2.95 

5.2

Dec.

5.35

4.3

4.4

4.2

3.65

3.0

2.55

2.45

2.3

2.25

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.95

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1 Q

2.0

2.0

1 ftS

1.85

2.0

2.05

2.3 

3.45 

5.25

NOTE. No ice reported by observer; gage heights probably not affected by ice.

SKILLET FORK RIVER NEAR WAYNE CITY, ELL.

This station, which is located at the Southern ailway bridge, 

about 1 mile east of Wayne City, 111., was established August 16, 

1908.

Horse Creek enters on the right bank about 4 miles above the section. The drainage area above the gaging section is 481 square miles.

The datum of the chain gage, which is attached to ,the railroad 

bridge, has remained unchanged since its installation.

The discharge measurements made to date indicate that the section at the point of control has not changed.

The records are' accurate and reliable.
OHIO EIVEB BASIN. 113 

Discharge measurements of Skillet Fork River near Wayne City, III., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 1

1-2

6

7

8

9

Dec. 17

Hydrographer.

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

Width.

Feet. 

652

^ 652

138

113

92

84

17

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

4,980

5,000

1,050

590

287

211

10.8

4B.

Feet. 

20.72

20.72

11 90

8.12

5.26

4.55

2.32

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

6,050

06.470

980

432

222

157

62.9

a This measurement is a combination of measurements made on Mar. 1 and Mar. 2. 

6 Measurement not made at regular section.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Skillet Fork River at Wayne City, III., for 1910. 

[Evert Higdon, observer.]

Day.

1...... .........

2...............

3...............

4... ............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.3

2.5

2.55

3.6

4.0

5.4

5.8

5.35

4.3

3.0

2.7

2.6

5.8

17.0

17.7

16.7

15.7

16.0

17.9

17.6

12.9

10.3

9.8

5.4

4.7

4,25

4.8

5.7

6.0

5.4

4.6

Feb.

4.0

3.9

3.7

3.5

4.5

5.9

4,4

3.5

3.25

3.2

3.2

3.15

3.1

3.15

3.1

4.3

4,7

5.3

5.8

6.0

7.2

10.2

13.6

11.6

10.3

7.6

18.6

20.5

Mar.

20.6

20.7

20.4

19.9

18.9

14.0

7.6

5.6

4.55

3.95

3.7

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.95

2.9

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.75

2 7

2.7

2.65

2.65

2.65

2.7

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.55

Apr.

2.55

2.55

2.7

2.75

2.65

3.0

3.0

2.95

2.9

2.85

2.8

2.75

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.8

7.15

5.9

5.25

4,25

3.85

3.5

3.1

3.5

4,5

4. 7

5.8

6 9

6.3

5.8

May.

5.3

3.6

3.1

4,2

3.5

3.2

2.9

4,9

5.3

4.2

3.7

3.8

5.6

5.0

4.7

3.2

3.0

2.7

2.5

2.8

2.7

2.65

i 1

9 1

8.1

5.5

Q Q

3.6

2 on

2.8

2.7

June.

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.45

2 4

2.7

3.2

3.1

2.9

2.8

2.55

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2 4

2.35

2.35

2.3

2.3

2 OK

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.25

9 O

2.2

2.25

July.

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.85

2.7

2.55

2.9

2.95

2.95

3.25

3.65

6.8

4,4

2.95

2.8

2.65

2 65

11.9

13.05

9.5

3 45

3.3

2.65

2.6

2

C

2.45

2 A

2.4

2.5

2.4

Aug.

2.4

2.35

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.15

2.1

2.05

2.15

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.1

2 1s

2.05

2 05

2.0

2 1

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.15

2.2

2 1 =;

2.15

2.05

2.1

2.05

2.1

Sept.

2.1

2.05

2.1

3.2

10.05

13.5

12.65

11.85

10.0

13.55

9.0

5.15

3.15

2.9

2.65

2.65

2.55

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.25

2.25

2.65

3.05

i ft

2.65

9 K.

2.4

Oct.

2.35

2.3

2.3

13.85

20.3

20.95

20.7

20.6

20.65

11.0

5.05

3.3

2 OR

2 85

2.8

 2 7

2 7

2.6

9 A

2.55

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.6

2 fi

2.65

2 7

2.65

2.75

9 7

Nov.

2.75

2.75

2.7

2.75

9 7*.

2.7

9 7

2.75

2.75

2.8

2.8

2.85

2.85

2.85

2.8

2.85

2.8

2.8

2 Q

2.8

2.85

2.9

2

QC

2.85

2.85

2.85

2.85

10.85

5.25

Dec.

2.75

2.65

2.55

2.55

2.5

2.45

2.45

2.4

2.45

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.25

2.25

2.25

2.3

2.35

2.35

2

Q

2.3

9 Q

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.35

9 QFi

A Q

7.1

5.0

NOTE. No ice reported by observer; relation of gage<height to discharge probably not affected by ice. 

50017° WSP 283 12 8
114 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PART HI. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Skillet Fork River at Wayne City, III., for 1910.

Day.

1.............

2.............

3.............

4.............

5.............

6.............

7.............

8.............

9.............

10. ............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

15. ............

16.............

17.............

18.............

19.............

20.............

21.............

22.............

23.............

24.............

25.............

26. ............

27. ............

28.............

29.............

30. ............

31.............

Jan.

3

9

12

85

115

220

250

216

137

40

19

14

250

3,250

3,710

3,080

2,550

2,700

3,860

3 fi4ft

1 430

814

726

220

167

134

242

265

220

Feb.

115

107

92

77

152

9W

145

77

58

55

55

51

47

51

47

137

167

212

250

265

387

796

1,660

1 ft^tfi

814

4<*i

4 440

6,320

Mar.

6,420

6,530

6,220

5,700

4,700

1,810

431

235

156

111

92

55

47

40

36

32

25

22

19

22

19

19

16

16

16

19

19

16

14

14

19

Apr.

12

12

19

22

16

40

40

36

32

28

25

22

9S

25

19

25

382

257

208

13/t

104

77

47

77

152

167

OCA

354

OQO

OCA

May.

212

85

47

130

77

55

32

182

212

130

92

100

235

190

167

55An

19

9

25

19

16

47

614

487

227

107

85

36

25

19

June.

14

9

9

7

5

10

55

47

32

25

12

12

g

9

5

5

4

4

3

2

2

2

2

1

1

2

July.

3

3

3

28

19

12

32

36

36

58

88

343

145

36

25

16

16

1,160

1,480

678

74

62

32

16

14

9

7

5

9

5

Aug.

5

4

1

1

1

.8

.8

.5

.4

.8

.5

1

.5

.8

.4

.4

.3

.5

1

1

.8

.8

.4

1

.8

.8

.4

.5

.4

Sept.

0.5

.4

.5

55

769

1,630

1,360

1,140

760

1,650

600

201

51

32

16

16

12

9

7

5

5

2

2

16

44

40

16

9

2

5

Oct.

4

3

3

1,750

6,110

6,800

6,530

6,420

6,480

950

194

62

36

28

25

19

19

14

14

12

14

14

12

g

14

14

16

19

16

22

19

Nov.

22

22

19

22

22

19

19

22

22

25

25

28

28

28

25

28

25

25

32

25

28

32

28

28

28

28

28

28

920

208

Dec.

22

16

12

12

9

7

7

5

7

4

4

4

3

3

2

2

2

3

4

4

3

3

3

4

4

4

4

4

137

376 ion

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve fairly well denned between 

1.0 and 1,180 second-feet (gage heights 2.2 and 12.0 feet), and poorly denned above 1,180 second-feet (gage 

height 12.0 feet). Above 14 second-feet (gage height 2.6 feet) this discharge rating curve coincides with the 

1909 curve, but below 14 second-feet (gage height 2.6 feet) the curve was revised by means of recent discharge measurements. Because of the change in the rating curve daily discharge figures differ from those 

published by the Internal Improvement Commission of Illinois in its report for 1908-1910.

Monthly discharge of Skillet Fork River near Wayne City, III., for 1910. 

, [Drainage area, 481 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

December. ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,860 

6,320 

6,530 

382 

614 

55 

1,480 

5 

1,650 

6,800 

920 

376

6,800

Minimum.

3

47 

12 

12 

9 

1 

3 

.3 

.4 

3 

19 

2

.3

Mean.

926 

655 

1,060 

105 

122 

10.5 

144 

.94 

282 

1,150 

61.3 

27.9

379

Per

square 

mile.

1.93 

1.36 

2.20

.218 

.254 

.022 

.299 

.0020 

.586 

2.39 

.127 

.058

.788

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.22 

1.42 

2.54 

.24 

.29 

.02 

.34 

.002 

.65 

2.76 

.14 

.07

10.69

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

D. 

B. 

D. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C.

NOTE. Monthly discharge differs from that published by the Internal Improvement Commission of 

Illinois because of revision of discharge rating curve.
OHIO EIVBE BASIN. 115

SKILLET FOEK EIVEE NEAR MILL SHOALS, ILL.

This station, which is located at the Baltimore & Phio Southwestern Railroad bridge about 1 mile south of Mill Shoals, 111., was 

established October 9, 1908.

Griffin Creek joins the river on the left bank about 1| miles above 

the station, and Haw Creek enters on the right bank about 5 miles 

above the station. The drainage area above the gaging section is 

912 square miles.

The datum of the chain gage, attached to the railroad bridge, has 

remained unchanged since its installation, and the records are accurate and reliable. There is but one channel at all stages, and the 

entire flood discharge can be measured at the regular section.

Backwater occurs at this station, and reliable estimates of the daily 

discharge can not be made with the data at present available.

Discharge measurements'of Skillet Fork River near Mill Shoals, III., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 1

3

5

8

10

12

14

15

16

17

IS

Dec. 14

Hydrographer.

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

Width.

Feet.

1 060

1,067

1 063

1^058

1,031

141

124

91

70

59

36

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

3.400

5', 860

7,010

6,630

5,500

4,120

1,450

1,110

660

325

150

25.3

&.

Feet. 

19.65

22.12

23.11

22.82

21.80

20.45

18.03

15.46

11.43

7.50

4.70

2.29

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

3,440

5,460

5,640

4,330

3,380

2,280

1,440

935

519

210

117

olO.S

« Relation of gage height to discharge slightly affected by ice.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofSkilkt Fork River near Mill Shoals, IlL,for 1910. 

[John A. Clow, observer.]

I»ay.

1.... ........... 

2.... ...........

3...............

5...............

6.... ...........

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

Jan.

3.1 

3.3

3.4

3.4

4.1

5.0

6.5

7.0

6.9

6.8

5.0

4.2

11.4

13.5

14 Q

15.4

16.3

16.5

16.9

17.3

Feb.

5.5 

5.0

4.8

4.8

5.4

6.0

6.0

5.8

4.9

4.4

4.3

4.0

4.0

3.9

3

0

4.7

4.5

5.1

5.4

5.6

Mar.

19.8 

21.2

22.3

22.9

23.3

23.4

22.9

22.7

22.2

21.0

 21.0

20.4

19.6

17.5

14.8

10.7

6.0

4.3

3.8

3.8

Apr.

2.8 

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.8

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.7

4.05

4.4

4.7

8.4

9.5

9.0

8.3

May.

6.2,

5.4

5.0

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.4

4.6

5.5

6.0

6.4

6.0

5.3

4.5

4.2

3.9

3.6

June.

3.1

2.9

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.2

3.1

3.5

3.7

3.6

3.0

2.9

2.6

O A.

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.0

1.9

July.

1.7 

1.7

1 S

9 Q

4.9

3.85

3.8

3.5

3.35

3.0

2.85

3

0

4.5

5.25

4.8

3.85

4.8

7.5

9.85

10.2

Aug.

3.6 

3.5

3.15

9 &

2.55

2.0

2.0

1.85

1.9

1.75

1 S

1.7

1.55

1.6

1.55

1.6

1.5

1.65

1.7

1.65

Sept.

1.65 

1.65

1.7

2.75

9.6

14.35

15.35

15.9

16.65

16.3

15.85

13.75

11.8

7.85

5.15

4.8

3.65

3.3

2.95

2.55

Oct.

2.45 

2.4

2.35

13.75

18.4

19.95

22.2

23.35

24.15

24.3

24.25

23.9

23.65

23.35

23.1

22.35

21.8

21.05

21.8

21.25

Nov.

3.0

2.85

2.85

2.75

2.75

2.5

2.45

2.35

2.25

2.15

2.2

2.15

1.95

1.85

1.85

1.9

1.85

1.75

1.75

1.75

Dec.

5.8 

4.05

2.95

2.95

2.75

2.8

2.65

2.65

2.65

2.65

2.4

2.35

2.25

2.15

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0
116 STJEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1910, PAET HI.

Daily gtSge height, infect, of Skillet Fork River near Mill Shoals, TIL, for 1910 Gontd.

Day.

21...............

22

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

17.3

16.9

15.7

15.3

11.3

8 a

7.7

7.0

6.8

6.6

A 9

Feb.

7.1

9.2

13.4

14.4

14.3

13.5

17.4

19.3

Mar.

3 A

3.4

3

0

3.2

3.2

3.2

Q 9

3.1

2.9

2.8

2

Q

Apr.

7.0

6.5

6.3

6.0

5.9

5.65

A Q

7 fi

7.6

7.0

May.

3.4

3.2

7.2

8.1

9.3

9

0

7.1

5.0

4.5

4.0

3.5

June1 S

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.6

July.

10.65

8.9

4.5

4.25

4.1

4.15

4.3

4.4

4.15

4.0

3.85

Aug.

1.6

5.1

4 05

3.0

2.55

1 9

1 S

1.75

1.8

1.75

1.8

Sept.

2.6

2.35

9 i

2.35

2.45

3 A

4.45

3.0

2.95

2.85

Oct.

19 95

1Q Q

13.35

9

Afi

5.85

4.55

3.5

3.15

2.95

2.95

9 95

Nov.

i &

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.55

5.75

9.15

7.75

Dec.

2 1

3.1

2 9

2 9

2.2

2 9

2 9

2.6

4.1

8.2

9.6

NOTE. Relation of gage heig 

Gage read to top of ice Jan. 7, ]

it to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 1 to 14 and Dec. 8 to 24. 

2,13, and 14.

TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN.

*

GENERAL FEATURES. 1

Tennessee River gathers its waters from seven States Virginia, 

North Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, and Kentucky. Its drainage area comprises about 39,000 square miles, and its 

extreme range discharge to the present time has been estimated at 

about 650,000 second-feet for flood stages and about 8,000 secondfeet for low stages.

The exact point at which Tennessee River begins was long a matter 

of uncertainty. Riviere des Cheraquis, or Cherake, of the' early 

French explorers, and Cherokee River, as referred to in cessions to the 

English by the Indians in 1767, has been considered as being formed 

by the'junction of what are now called Little Tennessee and Holston 

rivers, near the town of Lenoirs, Tenn. Tannassee, the chief town of 

the Cherokee Indians, was situated near this point, and the fact that 

the river derives its present name from that town seems to add weight 

to the arguments of the geographers who have placed the headwaters 

of the river at this junction. In some of the older geographies the 

head of this river has been placed at the mouth of Clinch River.

The legislature of the State of Tennessee in 1889 passed an act declaring ' 'that the Tennessee extends from its junction with the Ohio 

River at Paducah, in the State of Kentucky, past the Clinch and 

French Broad rivers, to the junction of the north fork of the Holston 

River with the Holston at Kingsport, in Sullivan County, Tenn., all 

usages to the contrary notwithstanding."

Congressional legislation in several laws appropriating money for 

the improvement of the upper Tennessee between Knoxville and 

Chattanooga has given authority for extending the name at least to 

the former city. In the river and harbor act of 1890 the head of 

Tennessee River appears to have been definitely fixed by the specific

i Description abstracted in part from Kept. Chief Engineers, U. S. Army, 1893, pt. 3, p. 2330; 1897, pt, 

3, pp. 2247,2249,2259,
OHIO EIVEE BASIN. 117

language of the act providing for a survey of Tennessee River from 

Chattanooga to the junction of Holston and French Broad rivers.

The Tennessee is, therefore, here considered as beginning at the 

junction of French Broad and Holston rivers, which are designated headwater tributaries; and in determining the order in which 

the various tributaries and their gaging stations are described, the 

French Broad is regarded as the main stream.

The French Broad, the largest tributary stream in the system, 

heads in the Blue Ridge Mountains in Transylvania County, N. C., 

where the mountain peaks and ridges rise more "than 5,000 feet 

above sea level. The headwater creeks descend very rapidly until 

they reach an elevation of about 2,200 feet at a point above 

Brevard, N. C. } below which the river, though yet quite small, flows 

with a smooth current through a flat valley of considerable width for 

some 50 miles to the vicinity of Asheville, N. C. Among the tributaries entering this stretch of the French Broad are Davidsons and 

Mils rivers, both of which are small, rapid streams flowing southeastward from the highest mountains in this part of the drainage area, 

the Pisgah Ridge with its numerous knobs and peaks. Excepting the 

cultivated districts in the immediate river valley, this part of the 

area is largely in forest land, much of which, especially in the basins 

of Davidsons* and Mills rivers, lies in the forest reserves of the Biltmore estates.

The river flows at first northeastward, but its course becomes nearly 

due north before it reaches Asheville; below Asheville, where its 

general course is northwestward, at right angles to the mountain 

ridges, it descends rapidly from an extensive plateau region in the 

midst of the Appalachian Mountains, cutting through the Unaka 

Mountains, which form its northwestern rim, and passing to the 

Appalachian Valley. The river channel is narrow and canyon like, 

with steep, rocky bluffs which give a very rugged appearance to the 

adjacent country when viewed from the river, although it is really a 

broad, elevated basin, comparatively smooth and mostly cleared and 

in cultivation. Further down in the vicinity of the North CarolinaTennessee State line, where the mountain ranges are higher, and up 

the tributary streams a long way from the river, the area is mostly 

forested.

Opportunities for water-power development on the French Broad 

are very great, the fall in the river from Asheville down to the State 

line being 800 feet in 45 miles. Special engineering problems would 

have to be solved, however, in making developments, as the tracks 

of the Southern Railway lie along the river, usually just above the 

water's edge, for its entire length.

For the remainder of its course, about 90 miles in length, the French 

Broad has a much flatter grade and flows through a valley which
118 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PAET III.

widens rapidly into the broad agricultural valley of the upper Tennessee and Hols ton rivers.

Tennessee River, below the junction of its headwater tributaries, 

flows southwestward, crossing into Alabama about 40 miles below 

Chattanooga, Tenn. At Gunthersville, Ala., it turns almost a right 

angle and flows northwestward past the corner of Mississippi into 

Tennessee for the second time, then almost due north across the State, 

emptying into Ohio River at Paducah, about 40 miles above Cairo.

French Broad River has at its mouth a drainage area comprising 

4,800 square miles. The Holston is somewhat smaller, having 3,750 

square miles of drainage area. "Fifty miles below, in Loudon County, 

Tenn., Little Tennessee River contributes its area of 2,650 square 

miles, and at Kingston, 30 miles farther down, the Clinch, with its 

nearly 4,400 square miles of drainage area, is added. Hiwassee 

River, having about 2,700 square miles of basin, enters 50 miles 

below the mouth of the Clinch, and is the last of the five large tributaries which combine to make up a great river within the comparatively short distance of 130 miles. Indeed, with the exception of 

Duck River, with between 3,000 and 4,000 square miles of area, 

which enters the lower portion of the Tennessee 100 miles above its 

mouth, all other, tributaries in the 500 miles of length below tile 

Hiwassee are comparatively small. ' x

Pigeon River, the first large tributary of French Broad River, 

rises among the Balsam and Pisgah mountains, cuts its way through 

the Great Smoky Mountains, thus passing to the Appalachian Valley, 

and joins the French Broad a short distance below Newport, Tenn. 

It drains an interior agricultural basin which is oval in outline, the 

longer axis northwest, parallel to the general course of the stream and 

almost entirely within the Appalachian Mountain region. It is circumscribed by lofty mountains, with many peaks more than 6,000 

feet in altitude. Many minor ranges springing from the surrounding 

mountains converge toward the middle of the basin, dividing it into 

deep, narrow valleys except near its upper end between the towns of 

Canton and Waynesville, where there is a broad open valley of alluvial 

plains and rolling hills, dotted with low mountains. The basin, has 

an area of about 667 square miles.

Nolichucky River, the second large tributary of French Broad 

River, is formed by the junction of Toe and Caney rivers about 8 or 

9 miles east of the Tennessee State line. The, river flows almost due 

north for several miles^then turns toward the northwest and flows 

in a deep gorge through the Unaka Mountains into Tennessee near 

Embreville, where, preserving its general westerly direction, it finally 

enters the French Broad about 7£ miles southeast of Morristown and 

about 5 miles below the mouth of Pigeon River. Its tributaries, like 

the main stream, rise near the summits of mountain chains and flow
OHIO EIVEB BASIN. 119

over rocky and precipitous beds through narrow valleys. The total 

fall of the river between the junction of the North and South Toe and 

Embreville is about 850 feet, in a distance following the course of the 

river of about 40 miles. The whole area is subject to sudden and 

violent rains, producing great floods. The rainfall over the basin is 

about 51.0 inches per annum.

The rocks of the upper portion of the drainage basins of French 

Broad River and other eastern tributaries heading in the Appalachian 

Mountains include the older granites, quartzites, conglomerate 

schists, shales, and sandstones.

The Cumberland Plateau, drained in part by Clinch River and 

other western tributaries of the Tennessee and crossed by Tennessee 

River below Chattanooga, comprises widespread beds of limestone 

and extensive deposits of coal.

Tennessee River has always held an important place in the projects 

for the improvement of the navigable waterways of the country. 

The Muscle Shoals Canal having been opened to navigation, the river 

is now navigable from its mouth for a distance of 673 miles during 

several months of the year, and as work is continued upon other less 

formidable obstructions the season of navigation will be correspondingly lengthened. The river channel, especially at low stages, is 

mainly a succession of pools of comparatively deep water with smooth 

surfaces separated by bars or ledges where most of the fall is concentrated. These ridges, many of which are solid rock ledges, are usually 

at the wider parts of the river channel, and are the obstructions to 

low-water navigation, causing shallow and swift water at such stages. 

The radical improvement of this river, so as to make navigation continuous throughout its length for boats of moderate draft, is by no 

means impossible.

In connection with navigation projects a large amount of water 

power can be developed. The greatest water power possibilities, 

however, are at Muscle Shoals and other shoals near Florence, Ala.

The following special reports contain information regarding the 

hydrography of the Tennessee River basin:

Water power in North Carolina: Bull. North Carolina Geol. Survey No. 8 (postage 16c.).

Water powers of North Carolina: Bull. North Carolina Geol. Survey No. 20. Dr. 

J. H. Pratt, State geologist, Chapel Hill, N. C. This report contains all records of 

discharge collected in the Tennessee River basin in North Carolina prior to 1908 by 

engineers of the U. S. Geological Survey.

Water resources of Geoigia,by B. M. and M. R. Hall: Water-Supply Paper U. S. 

Geol. Survey No. 197. Contains data on stream flow, water power, and river surveys 

collected in the Tennessee basin in Georgia prior to 1906.

Water powers of Alabama, by B. M. Hall: Water-Supply Paper U. S. Geol. Survey 

No. 107. Contains data on stream flow collected in the Tennessee basin in Alabama 

prior to 1904.
120 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PAET in.

Hydrography of the southern Appalachian Mountain region, Parts 1 and 2, by H. A. 

Pressey: Water-Supply Papers U. S. Geol. Survey Nps. 62 and 63. The Geological 

Survey has no copies of these papers for free distribution, but they may be consulted 

at libraries or maybe purchased*from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, 

D. C., for 15 cents each.

River surveys and profiles made during 1903, arranged by W. C. Hall and J. C. 

Hoyt: Water-Supply Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 115.

Relation of southern Appalachian Mountains to the development of inland water 

navigation and water power: U. S. Forest Service circulars Nos. 143 and 144.

STATIONS ON FRENCH BROAD AND MAIN TENNESSEE RIVERS. 

FRENCH BEOAD RIVEE AT ASHEVILLE, N. C.

This station is located at the steel highway bridge known as Smith's 

Bridge, about 1 mile below the Southern Railway depot at Asheville. 

This bridge is about a quarter of a mile above the new Southern Railway bridge and about a quarter of a mile below a new concrete 

highway bridge. It is about 2 miles below the mouth of Swannanoa 

River. The total drainage area above the station is 987 scjuare miles,

The United States Weather Bureau maintains a station at this 

place, and during 1904 the United States Geological Survey made a 

number of discharge measurements. Since the beginning of 1905 the 

discharge measurements have been continued at the bridge by the 

United States Geological Survey and the gage heights have been furnished by the United States Weather Bureau.

The United States Weather Bureau gage is a heavy vertical timber 

securely bolted to a bridge pier. The gage terminates at zero on a 

stone shelf projection. An auxiliary chain gage is located on the 

bridge at about the same point. It is set to read the same as the 

staff gage and used only for minus readings. Discharge measurements are made from the downstream side of the bridge. The conditions of flow are favorable for accurate results.

The discharge at this station was not affected by any artificial control until 1907, when a new railroad bridge was constructed across the 

river about 1,500 feet below the gage. Measurements made since 1907 

indicate that the conditions of flow have been changed.

Discharge measurements of French Broad River at Asheville, N. C., in 1910.

Date.

Nov. 18

19

Hydrographer.

M. R.Hall................................................

.....do....................................................

Width.

Feet, 

' 302

302

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

694

725

Gage

height.

Feet. 

-0.46

-0.36

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

960

1,044
OHIO EIVEB BASIN. 121

Daily gage height, in feet, of French Broad River at Asheville, N. C.,for 1910.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11............... 12..........:....

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26............... 27;..............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

0.4

.2

.1

.1

.1

.0

2.0

1.5

.6

.4

.3

.2

.1

.1

.1

.1

.1

.1

.2

.1

.3

1.1

.5

.3

.2

.2

.1

.1

.2

.2

.2

Feb.

0.1

.1

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

- .1

- .1

- .1

- .1

.0

.0

.0

.0

.1

.9

2.7

1.9

1.2

.8

1.0

.8

.6

.4

.3

.8

1.5

Mar.

2 7

2.9

2.0

1.4

1.1

.9

.8

.4

.4

.3

.5

.7

.5

.3

.3

.3

.3

.2

.2

.2

.2

.1

0 .2

.2

.2

.0

.1

.0

.0

.0

.0

Apr.

0.0

 .0

.1

.0

.0

- .1

- .1

- .1

.0

- .1

- .2

« O

- .2

- .2

- .2

- .2

.5

.8

.6

.3

.3

.1

.0

.0

.0

.2

.1

.0

.0

- .1

May.

-0.3

- .3

 3

 3

- .3

- .2

- .2

2.5

3.2

2.5

1.2

.8

.5

.4

.3

.2

.2

.3

.5

 .3

.5

.5

.4

.3

1.1

1.1

.7

.5

.3

.3

.2

June.

0.1

.1

.1

.0

.0

.5

.2

.0

.0

.0

.3

.4

.8

2.0

1.9

1.1

.8

.5

.3

.3

.5

.3

.4

.4

.4

.2

.1

.0

.3

.2

July.

0.2

.2

.3

.4

.7

1.1

.8

2.0

1.3

2.3

2.2

1.1

1.0

1.3

1.3

1.1

.7

.6

.4

.3

.2

.2

.1

.1

.0

.0

.4

.3

.2

.1

.2

Aug.

0.1

.2

.9

.3

.2

.1

.5

1.1

.3

.1

.1

.0

.2

- .2

- .3

«. q

- .4

 4

- .4

- .3

 4

.0

.0

- .1

- .2

.1

.0

 2

q

 3

8.8

Sept.

7.9

5.5

4.6

2.8

2.2

1.6

1.3

1.0

.7

.7

.4

.3

.4

.3

.2

.1

.1

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.4

.3

.5

.5

.1

.5

Oct.

0.1

.1

.0

.0

- .2

- .3

.8

1.3

1.9

1.3

.5

.2

.2

.1

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.1

.0

.0

- .2

- .2

- .3

- .3

- .3

- .3

- .3

 4

 4

Nov.

-0.4

 4

- .2

«» 2

«» ^

 4

 4

- .4

- .4

Ulm ^

- .4

 4

- .4

- .4

_ ^

_ 4

- .4

- .4

 4

- .4

_ 4

- .4

- .4

_ ^

 4

 4

_ ^

_ 4

 4

_ ^

Dec.

-0.4

uia A

- .4

usa K

1.7

1.1

.2

.0

_ j

 2

- .2

_ 2

_

_

_

_

__ Q

 3

__ Q

 5

- .5

1.3

.7

.2

.0

.0

« 1

.1

.5

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably not affected by ice. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of French Broad River at Asheville, N. C., for 1909-1910.

Day.

1909. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25..... .. .

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

2,190

2,060

1,940

1,820

3,240

4,980

3,410

2,600

2,320

2,060

1,940

1,820

1,820

1,710

1,940

2,060

3,960

3,070

2,600

2,190

2,060

1,940

1,710

1,710

1,710

1,710

1,710

1,600

1,600 

1,600 

1,940

Feb.

1,820

1,710

1,710

1,600

1,600

1,820

1,820

1,940

1,820

3,240

3,590

2,750

2,320

2,060

1,940

3,410

3,770

2,750

4,150

3,590

2,460

2,910

4,550

5,900

6,140

4,550

3,770

3,240

Mar.

2,750

2,460

2,460

2,460

2,320

2,460

2,910

2,600

2,460

4,980

4,550

3,410

3,240

5,430

4,550

3,590

3,240

2,750

2,600

2,750

2,600

2,750

2,460

2,320

5,660

6,140

3,960

4,980

4,350 

3,590 

3,240

Apr.

2,750

2,600

2,600

2,460

2,320

2,190

2,190

2,190

2,190

2,320

2,060

1,940

2,060

4,350

3,410

2,750

2,460

2,320

2,190

2,060

1,940

1,940

2,060

2,600

2,190

2,060

1,940

1,940

1,820 

1,710

May.

7,690

6,640

4,150

3,240

2,910

2,750

2,600

2,320

1,940

10,800

5,660

3,590

2,910

2,600

2,460

2,460

2,320

2,190

2,060

3,590

10,800

7,960

8,230

5,660

4,350

3,960

3,960

3,410

2,910 

3,070 

3,070

June.

3,410

3,240

3,960

15,200

11,400

10,200

8,230

4,980

4,760

7,690

6,640

4,350

5,660

4,980

5,900

4,980

6,140

4,980

3,770

8,230

8,230

3,960

3,960

4,760

3' 770

3,770

3,410

4,150

4,550 

3,960

July.

3,770

4,350

3,590

3,590

2,750

2,910

3,240

4,350

4,350

4,350

3,770

3,240

2,600

3,960

4,150

3,240

2,910

2,600

2,320

2,190

2,060

1,940

2,190

2,060

1,940

1,710

2,060

3,410

2,320 

2,060 

2,910

Aug.

2,600

2,910

2,320

2,750

2,320

2,060

1,940

1,820

1,600

1,490

1,710

1,710

2,060

2,460

2,190

4,150

3,770

2,600

2,060

1,820

1,710

1,710

1,600

1,600

1,490

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,490 

1,390 

1,290

Sept.

1,290

1,290

1,290

1,290

1,390

1,290

1,290

1,290

1,290

1,600

1,490

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,490

2,460

1,940

1,940

1,710

1,600

1,940

6,640

4,350

2,600

2,320

1,940

1,820

1,820 

1,710

Oct.

1,490

1,490

1,390

1,390

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,290

2,600

2,190

1,600

1,940

2,750

2,460

1,940

1,490

1,290

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,290

1,290

1,290

1,290

1,190

1,190

1,190 

1,190 

1,190

Nov.

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,100

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,100

1,100 

1,100

Dec.

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,290

1,600

2,320

1,600

1,390

1,290

2,910

7,960

7,690

3,410

2,600

2,190

1,940

1,820

1,710

1,600

1,490

1,390

1,710

1,600

1,600

1,600

1,600 

1,390 

1,290
122 STJBFACB WATEE SUPPLY, 1910, PABT III.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of French Broad River at Ashevttle, N. C.,for 1909-1910 

Continued. .

Day.

1910. 

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10................

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28................

29...............

30 ..............

31...............

Jan.

1,820

1,600

1,490

1,490

1,490

1,390

4,350

3,410

2,060

1,820

1,710

1,600

1,490

1,490

1,490

1,490

1,490

1,490

1,600

1,490

1,710

2,750

1,940

1,710

1,600

1,600

1,490

1,490

1,600

1,600

1,600

Feb.

1,490

1,490

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,290

1,290

1,290

1,290

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,360

1,490

2,460

5,900

4,150

2,910

2,320

2,600

2,320

2,060

1,820

1,710

2,320

3,410

Mar.

5,900

6,390

4,350

3,240

2,750

2,460

2,320

1,820

1,820

1,710

1,940

2,190

1,940

1,710

1,710

1,710

1,710

1,600

1,600

1,600

1 600

1^490

1,600

1 600

1^600

1,390

1,490

1,390

1,390

1,390

1

OQA

Apr.

1,390

1,390

1,490

1,390

1,390

1,290

1,290 i 9on

1,390

1,290

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1 <wn

2,320

2,060

1,710

1,710

1,490

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,600

1 4QO

1,390

1,390

1,290

May.

1,100

1,300

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,190

1,190

5,430

7,160

5,430

2,910

2,320

1 940

l'820

1,710

1,600

1 600

l'710

1,940

1,710

1,940

1,940

1,820

1,710

2,750

2,750

2 190

1,94.0

1,710

1,710

1 

'

600

June.

1,490

1,490

1,490

1,390

1,390

1,940

1,600

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,710

1,820

2,320

4,350

4,150

2,750

2,320

1,940

1,710

1,710

1,940

1,710

1,820

1,820

1,820

1,600

1,490

1,390

1,710

1,600

July.

i;eoo

1,600

1,710

1,820

2,190

2,750

2,320

4,350

3,070

4,980

4,760

2,750

2,600

3,070

3,070

2,750

2 190

2,060

1,820

1,710

1,600

1,600

1,490

1,490

1,390

1,390

1,820

1,710

1,600

1,490

i mv\

Aug.

1,490

1,600

2,460

1,710

1,600

1,490

1,940

2,750

1,710

1,490

1,490

1,390

1,600

1,190

1,100

1,100

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,100

1,010

1,390

Ih390

1,290

1,190

1,490

1,390

1,190

1,100

1,100

25,100

Sept.

21,900

14,000

11,100

6,140

4,760

3,590

3,070

2,600

2,190

2,190

1,820

1,710

1,820

1,710

1,600

1,600

1,490

1,490

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,820

1,710

1,940

1,940

1,490

1,940

Oct.

1,490

1,490

1,390

1,390

1,190

1,100

2,320

3,070

4,150

3,070

1,940

1,600

1,600

1,490

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,490

1,390

1,390

1,190

1,190

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,010

1,010

Nov.

1,010

1,010

1,190

1,190

1,100

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

.1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

Dec.

1,010

1,010

1,010

920

920

3,770

2,750

1 600

1,390

1,290

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,010

1,100

1,100

1,100

920

920

3,070

2 ion

1,600

i !»Qn

1,-390

1,290

1,490

1 ' 940

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve, well defined between 920 and 

10,800 second-feet (gage heights, 0.5 and 4.5 feet).

'Monthly discharge of French Broad River at Asheville, N. C.,for 1909'-1910.

[Drainage area, 987 square miles.]

Month.

1909. 

January. ................................

April....................................

May....................................

July....................................

1910.

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

December...............................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum

4,980 

6,140 

6,140 

4,350 

10,800 

15,200 

4,350 

4,150 

6,640 

2,750 

1,190 

7,960

15,200

4,350 

5,900 

6,390 

2,320 

7,160 

4,350 

4,980 

25,100 

21,900 

4,150 

1,190 

3,770

25,100

Minimum.

1,600 

1,600 

2,320 

1,710 

1,940 

3,240 

1,710 

1,290 

1,190 

1,190 

1,100 

1,010

1,010

1,390 

1,290 

1,390 

1,190 

1,100 

1,390 

1,390 

1,010 

1,390 

1,010 

1,010 

920

920

Mean.

2,230 

2,960 

3,420 

2,320 

4,270 

5,770 

3,000 

2,030 

1,860 

1,500 

1,180 

2,040

2,710

1,790 

2,000 

2,150 

1,440 

2,170 

1,890 

2,270 

2,190 

3,470 

1,560 

1,020 

1,410

1,950

Per 

square 

mile.

2.26 

3.00 

3.47 

2.35 

4.33 

5.85 

3.04 

2.06 

1.88 

1.52 

1.30 

2.07

2.75

1.81 

2.03 

2.18 

1.46 

2.20 

1.91 

2.80 

2.22 

3.52 

1.58 

1.03 

1.43

1.98

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.61 

3.12 

4.00 

2.62 

4.99 

6.53 

3.50 

2.38 

2.10 

1.75 

1.34 

2.39

37.33

2.09 

2.11 

2.51 

1.63 

2.54 

2.13 

2.65 

2.56 

3.93 

1.82 

1.15 

1.65

26.77

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

A.

B. 

A. 

A. 

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A.
OHIO BIVEE BASIN. 123

TENNESSEE KIVEB AT KNOXVILLE, TENN.

 ' This station is located at the Gay Street or county highway bridge 

in the city of Knoxville, Tenn., and is about 4 miles below the junction 

of French Broad and Holston rivers.

Daily records are kept by the United States Weather Bureau and 

are furnished to the United States Geological Survey. Since 1899 

discharge measurements have been made by the United States 

Geological Survey.

Gage heights up to 1899 were made from a staff gage at the old Gay 

Street Bridge., When this bridge was rebuilt, the gage was moved to 

a temporary location at the Knoxville & Augusta Railroad bridge, 

one-half mile below, and was used during the greater part of 1899. 

On November, 1899, readings were begun from a,new staff gage 

located on the right bank, just below the mouth of West Knoxville 

Bayou, about 1,000 feet below the temporary gage. These gages 

were at different datums, but the latter gage was set to read the 

same as the original gage.

The new staff gage, which was used continuously until December 

31, 1908, was located near the foot'of a series of rapids, just above 

'a long stretch of deep smooth water. Since January 1, 1909, a new 

staff gage attached to the bridge pier at Gay Street has been used. 

Although it was set to read with the old gage at low stages, the 

readings vary considerably, as rising water brings the beginning of 

the pool above the old gage. Comparative readings of the two gages' 

have been made by the United States Weather Bureau to determine 

the relation between them at all stages, and this relation has been 

used to adjust the old rating curve to the new location of the gage. 

The derived curve shows a pronounced reversal between the gage 

heights 2 and 7 feet. Above 7 feet it again becomes approximately 

parallel to the old 1907-8 curve.

The measurements which have been made and referred to the new 

gage agree well with the derived curve.

No discharge measurements were made at this station during 1910. 

The station was last inspected September 16, 1909, and estimates of 

discharge since that date, published in Water-Supply Paper 263, 

page 130, should be used with caution. Estimates of daily and 

monthly discharge for 1910 are withheld from publication pending 

an investigation of a possible; change in the relation of gage height to 

discharge at low stages since September 16,1909.
124 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PAET HI.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tennessee River at Knoxville, Tenn.,for 1910.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4.. .............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14............... lis

16. ..............

17. ..............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

0.2

.2

1.0

.9

.9

1.4

2.2

3.4

4.1

2.9

2.2

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.2

1.1

.8

2.5

2.8

3.4

4.4

3.5

2.7

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.0

Feb.

2.0

1.8

1.6

1.6

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.0

1.7

1.5

1 is

1.7

1.8

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.8

n is

5

K

IS A.

3.8

3.5

3.5

3.1

2.8

2.3

2.3

2.1

Mar.

4.3

5

K

5.2

4.1

3

0

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.3

2.1

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

Apr.

0.8

.8

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.5

.5

1.0

.9

1.1 1 is

2.0

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.8

1 S

1.8

1 K

1.9

1 is

2.0

1 S

1.7

May.

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1 S

2.3

4.0

3.4

2.3

2.3

2.1

2.0

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.1

2.5

4.3

4.1

3.1

2.4

2.5

2.3

June.

2.0

1.7

1.6

1 K

1.5

2.2

2.6

2

K

2.3

1.8

1.7

1 S

1.8

2.1

3.5

S 7

3.5

3 A

3 A

2.5

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

1.8

1.6

1.3

July.

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

2.3

3.8

4.1

5.0

A. Q

4.4

2.9

2.7

2.7

3 9

s 1

2

0

2 ft

2.3

2.3

2.0

2.0

1

0

1

0

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.7

9 1

3 1

4.2

Aug.

2.8

2.2

1 S

2.2

2.5

2.4

2.1

2.3

3.1

2.6

2.2

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.1

g

g

1.8

1.4

' 1 s

1.1

1.0

.9

9

.9

1.0

1.0

1.0

Sept.

8.1

8.1

IS 9

4.4

3.5

3.8

3.1

2.7

2.7

3.3

2.4,

2.4

2.0

1.6

1 K

1.5

1.4

1

0

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.0

9

9

9

1.0

1.2

1.0

9

1.2

Oct.

1.4

1.2

.9

.8

.6

.5

.5

1.6

1.8

1.8

1 P*

1.0

1.0

.8

.7

.4

.2

 .3

.3

.3

.6

.6

.6

.4

.3

.2

- .2

.2

.1

.3

Nov.

0.3

.2

.2

.2

.0

.2

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

 2

 3

- .3

- .5

- .6

- .6

- .6

- .6

- .7

- .7

 ,. 7

 2

.0

- .1

.1

.5

1.0

Dec.

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

.5

4.8

4.9

IS 4.

3.2

2.3

1.9

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.1

.6

.5

.7

.6

.6

1.0

1.8

1 a

1.5

1.0

.9

2.0

NOTE. Gage heights probably not affected by ice.

TENNESSEE RIVER AT CHATTANOOGA, TENN.

This station is located at the Hamilton County highway bridge in 

the city of Chattanooga, Tenn.

The gage, consisting of a sloping section made of railroad rails 

bolted to solid rock and a vertical section of heavy timber bolted to 

the vertical face of the rock cliff, was established in 1873 by the 

United States Army engineers, but since July 1, 1891, it has been in 

charge of the United States Weather Bureau, by whom gage heights 

are furnished to the United States Geological Survey.

Discharge measurements were made by the Army engineers in 1891 

and 1892 and by the Weather Bureau in 1893, and have been continued by the United States Geological Survey since 1897.

A dam about 20 miles down the river when completed will raise the 

low-water surface several feet on the Chattanooga gage, thus destroying the usefulness of the gaging station. Comparisons of hydrographs of daily discharge at Knoxville, Chattanooga, and Florence 

do not show any effect from backwater at Chattanooga during 1910.
OHIO JBIYEE BASIN. 125

Conditions for discharge, measurements are good, as is also the 

station rating curve, which has remained practically constant. The 

gage datum has not been changed and the original iron sloping gage is 

the standard gage, although a recording gage is also used.

Discharge measurements of Tennessee River at Chattanooga, Tenn., in 1910.

Date.

May 27

Sept. 24

Hydrographer.

M.R.HaU.... ............................................

.....do.....................................................

Width.

Feet. 

1,126

1,100

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

16,760

6,150

&,

Feet. 

12.42

2.40

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

76,000

13,000

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tennessee River at Chattanooga, Tenn., for 1910.

^ Day.

1...............

2...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

90

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

in

si

Jan.

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.9

3.0

6.0

11.6

11.6

9.8

9.0

7.3

6.0

5.3

4.8

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.2

5.1

6.8

8.1

9.6

9.4

9.3

8.2

7.0

6.3

5.8

5.4

5.3

Feb.

5.0

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.6

4.8

5.1

5.1

5.0

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.4

44

4.4

4.3

4.3

7.3

12.6

13.9

12.9

11.7

10.4

9.9

9.2

8.2

7.2

6.8

Mar.

7.8

10.8

13.6

13.2

11.7

9.9

8.6

7.6

6.9

6.5

6.1

6.1

6.1

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.4

5.1

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.4

44

41

41

4.1

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.6

Apr.

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

3.0

3.8

6.2

8.0

7.5

6.8

6.2

5.7

5.2

4.9

4.9

4.9

5.1

6.0

6.5

May.

6.2

5.6

5.2

4.9

4.6

4.4

4.2

4.2

6.9

8.4

8.7

8.7

8.5

7.4

6.7

6.1

6.1

6.2

7.0

7.6

8.3

9.2

9.4

9 1

11.1

13.4

-12.7

11.8

10.7

9.2

7.8

June.

7.5

6.8

6.3

6.2

5.9

6.9

8.5

9.3

8.0

. 7.4

7.3

7.1

6

0

7.2

7.5

7.4

7 9

7.9

7.8

7 9

7.0

6.7

6.5

6.0

\ o

5.9

5.8

5.6

5.8

5.9

July.

6.0

6.3

6.4

7.0

7.0

6.8

7.6

9.3

11.6

11.1

10.6

10.4

8.9

8.1

8.2

8.5

8.9

8.6

8.3

7.5

6.9

6.5

6.1

5.7

5.2

5.0

4.8

4.8

5.2

5.7

Aug.

7.3

8.1

6.8

5.9

5.6

6.2

6.4

6.2

6.5

5.6

5.7

5.4

4 7

4.3

3.9

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.7

3.7

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.9

3.1

3.1

Sept.

2.9

3.7

9.1

8.7

7.3

6.8

6.2

6.2

5.8

5.3

5.2

4.9

4.9

4.7

4.2

3.8

3.5

3.3

3.0

2.9

2.7

2.6

2.6

9 5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.5

Oct.

2.5

2.6

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.9

3.1

3.1

2.9

2.5

2.3

2.1

2.0

2.0

1 9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

Nov.^

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

L4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

i i

1.3

1.3

1.2

1 9

1.2

1.2

1 9

1.2

1.2

1.2

1 9

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.5

1.5

Dee.

1.7

1.8

1.8

1.8

2.1

48

8.4

10.6

8.7

8.0

6.3

5.0

4.2

3.7

3.3

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.6

3.1

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.7

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably not affected by ice.
126 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PAET III. 

Daily discharge, in &&md*feet, of Tennessee River at Chattanooga, Term., for 1910.

Day.

1..... ..........

2..... ..........

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20.....-....-.-.

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26.......!.......

27...... ........

28...:...........

29............... 

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

13,100 

12,600 

12,100 

15,500 

16,000

19,200 

33,300 

70,300 

70,300 

58,300

52,900 

41,700 

33,300 

29,000 

26,000

24,300 

23,700 

23,100 

22,500 

27,800

38,400 

47,000 

56,900 

55,600 

54,900

47,600 

39,700 

35,200 

32,100 

29,600 

29,000

Feb.

27,200 

26,600 

25,400 

24,300 

24,800

26,000 

27,800 

27,800 

27,200 

25,400

24,800 

24,300 

23,700 

23,700 

23,700

23,100 

23,100 

41,700 

77,100 

85,900

79,100 

71,000 

62,300 

58,900 

54,200

47,600 

41,000 

38,400

Mar.

45,000 

65,000 

83,900 

81,200 

71,000

58,900 

50,300 

43,700 

39,000 

36,500

33,900 

33,900 

33,900 

32,700 

32,100

31,400 

29,600 

27,800 

26,600 

25,400

24,300 

23,700 

23,700 

22,000 

22,000

22,000 

21,400 

20,300 

20,300 

19,700 

19,200

Apr.

18,600 

18,100 

17,600 

17,000 

17,000

16,500 

16,500 

15,500 

15,500 

15,000

15,000 

15,000 

14,500 

14,500 

14,500

16,000 

20,300 

34,600 

46,300 

43,000

38,400 

34,600 

31,400 

28,400 

26,600

26,600 

26,600 

27,800 

33,300 

36,500

May.

34,600 

30,800 

28,400 

26,600 

24,800

23,700 

22,500 

22,500 

39,000 

48,900

50,900 

50,900 

49,600 

42,300 

37,800

33,900 

33,900 

34,600 

39,700 

43,700

48,300 

54,200 

55,600 

53,600 

67,000

82,500 

77,800 

71,700 

64,300 

54,200 

45,000

June.

43,000 

38,400 

35,200 

34,600 

32,700

32,700 

49,600 

54,900 

46,300 

42,300

41,700 

40,400 

39,000 

41,000 

43,000

42,300 

45,600 

45,600 

45,000 

41,000

39,700 

37,800 

36,500 

33,300 

32,700

32,700 

32,100 

30,800 

32,100 

32,700

July.

33,300 

35,200 

35,800 

39,700 

39,700

38,400 

43,700

70'300 

67,000

63,600 

62,300 

52,200 

47,000 

47,600

49,600 

52,200 

50,300 

48,300 

43,000

39,000 

36,500 

33,900 

31,400 

29,000

28,400 

27,200 

26,000 

26,000 

28,400 

31,400

Aug.

41,700 

47,000 

38,400 

32,700 

30,800

34,600

35,800 

34,600 

36,500 

30,800

31,400 

29,600 

25,400

23,100 

20,800

20,300 

19,200 

18,600 

17,600 

17,600

17,000 

19,700 

19,700 

18,100 

17,600

17,000 

16,500 

16,000 

15,500 

16,500 

16,500

Sept.

15,500 

19,700 

53,600 

50,900 

41,700

38,400 

34,600 

34,600 

32,100 

29,000

28,400 

26,600 

26,600 

25,400 

22,500

20,300 

18,600 

17,600 

16,000 

15,500

14,500 

14,000 

14,000 

13,600 

13,100

12,600 

12,600 

13,100 

13,100 

13,600

Oct.

13,600 

14,000 

15,000 

15,000 

14,000

13,100 

12,600 

12,600 

12,600 

13,100

15,500 

16,500 

16,500 

15,500 

13,600

12,600 

11,700 

11,200 

11,200 

10,800

10,300 

9,900 

9,900 

9,490 

9,490

9,490 

9,490 

9,490 

9,490 

9,490 

9,100

Nov.

8,730 

8,730 

8,730 

8,730 

8,730

8,730 

8,730 

8,730 

8,730 

8,730

8,730 

8,380 

8,380 

8,380 

8,380

8,050 

8,050 

8,050 

8,050 

8,050

8,050 

8,050 

8,050 

8,050 

8,050

8,050 

8,050 

8,380 

9,100 

9,100

Dec.

9,900 

10,300 

10,300 

10,300 

11,700

26,000 

48,900 

63,600 

50,900 

46,300

35,200 

27,200 

22,500 

19,700 

17,600

16,000 

15,000 

14,000 

13,600 

13,100

13,100 

13,100 

13,100 

13,100 

13,100

14,000 

16,500 

17,600 

18,100 

18,100 

19,700

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined between 8,050 and 37,100 secondfeet (gage heights 1.2 and 6.6 feet), fairly well defined between 37,800 and 86,600 second-feet (gage heights 

6.7 and 14.0 feet), and poorly defined above 86,600 second-feet (gage height 14.0 feet). The discharge rating 

curve is based on 3 measurements made during 1910 and the form of the 1909 rating curve.

Monthly discharge of Tennessee River at Chattanooga, Tenn.,for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 21,400 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May....................................

July....................................

August. .............................

October.................................

December. ..............................

Discharge In second-feet.

Maximum.

70,300 

85,900 

83,900 

46,300 

82,500 

54,900 

70,300 

47,000 

53,600 

16,500 

9,100 

63,600

85,900

Minimum.

12,100 

23,100 

19,200 

14,500 

22,500 

30,800 

26,000 

15,500 

12,600 

9,100 

8,050 

9,900

8,050

Mean.

35,200 

38,800 

36,100 

23,700 

44,900 

39,200 

42,300 

25,100 

23,400 

12,100 

8,420 

 21,000

29,200

Per 

square 

mile.

1.64 

1.81 

1.69 

1.11 

2.10 

1.83 

1.98 

1.17 

1.09 

.565 

.393 

.981

1.36

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

. 1.89 

1.88 

1.95 

1.24 

2.42 

2.04 

2.28 

1.35 

1.22 

.65 

.44 

1.13

18.49

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.
OHIO EIVEB BASIN. 127 

HOLSTON RIVER BASIN. 

GENERAL FEATURES.

Hols ton River rises in Wythe and Bland counties, Va., partly in 

the western border of the Appalachian Mountains and partly in the 

plateau region of the Appalachian Valley, in three forks known as the 

North, Middle, and South forks. These forks flow almost parallel 

and rather close together in a southwesterly direction conforming 

with the long ridges and valleys characteristic of the drainage basin, 

and continue in the same general direction and entirely in the Appalachian Valley until they have united and the main stream has joined 

the French Broad to form the Tennessee.

Although it contains many steep and rocky mountainous ridges, 

the valley portion of the Holston basin is mainly an agricultural region 

a large part of its area being cleared and under cultivation. The 

valley parallels the western mountain border and the tributaries 

from that side are mountain streams, some of them descending from 

great heights.

Watauga River, a large and important tributary, heads with the 

Catawba on Grandfather Mountain in the Blue Ridge and, like French 

Broad and Little Tennessee rivers, cuts entirely across the Appalachian Mountains. It is the uppermost of the Tennessee River 

tributaries to occupy the entire width of the Appalachian summit. 

The mountains in its basin are high and rugged and are mostly forest 

covered.

The average annual rainfall in the Holston River basin is about 

45 inches.

SOUTH FOEK OF HOLSTON EIVEB AT BLUFF CITY, TENN.

This station, which is located at the highway bridge at Bluff City, 

Term., about 300 feet below the bridge of the Virginia & Southwestern 

Railroad, about 10 miles above the mouth of Watauga River and 

1 mile below Indian Creek, was originally established by the United 

States Weather Bureau. The United States Geological Survey maintained gage heights from July 17, 1900, to December 31, 1904, but 

since that time the records have been furnished by the United States 

Weather Bureau.

The total drainage area above the station is 828 square miles.

The flow is not affected by artificial control nor, unless for a few 

days during exceptional years, by ice.

The staff gage, which is attached to the downstream side of a 

bridge pier, has not been changed.
128 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PABT HI.

The bed is rocky and very rough, and ledges above and below the 

bridge cause eddies and sudden variations in the velocity, making 

discharge measurements difficult. The rating curve, however, is 

fairly good and constant.

No discharge measurements were made during 1910. The station 

was last inspected September 18,1909. The accuracy of the recorded 

daily gage heights and determination of daily and monthly discharge 

given in the following tables depends on the permanency of the elevation of the gage and of conditions of flow since that date.

Daily gage height, in feet, of South Fork of Holston River at Bluff City, Tenn.,for 1910.

Day.

1.. ..............

3...............

4.. .............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

0.5

.7

.4

1.3

1.3

2.8

3.3

2.3

1.5

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.0

1.1

.8

.8

2.1

2.3

2.3

0 ft

2.6

2.3

2.0

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5 

1.4

Feb.

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.5

1.9

1.7

1.5

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.1

1.0

.8

1.3

1.1

1.1

3.2

3.3

2.5

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.3

.......

Mar.

2.3

2.7

2.5

2.2

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4 i s

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.7 

.8

Apr.

0.8

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.7

.6

.5

.5

.5

.6

1.5 1 i

1.1

1.5

1.4

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.5

May.

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

.9

1.1

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

2.3

9 n

1.7

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

l.'S

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.7

1.4

1.3

1.1 

1.0

June.

0.9

.8

.7

.7

1.3

1 a

1.8

1.5

1.3

1.3

1.2

i ^

1.5

2 7

3.1

2.7

3.4

2.4

2.2

1.8

2.1

1.7

1.5

1.5

2.0

1.5

1.1

1.0

.9

.8

July.

0.8

.7

.7

.7

.7

2.0

3.6

5.6

3.7

2.6

2.1

1 a

2 1

2.0

2.0

1.7

1.6

2 1

2.3

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.3

2.4

1.7

. 1.5

Aug.

1.3

1.1

1.0

1.0

1 ft

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

.8

.7

.6

.6

.5

.7

.6

.6

.7

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5 

.4

Sept.

n Q

1.0

2.0

2.2

1.7

1.3

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

.8

.8

.8

.6

.5

.5

.4

.4

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.5

.5

.4

Oct.

0.4

.3

.3

.5

,4

.3

.3

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.4

.4

.4

.3

.3

.3

.8

.8

.6 

.5

Nov.

0.4

.4

.4

.3

.3

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.1

.1

.3

.5

.4

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.2

1.3

;8

.9

2.2

2.0

Dec.

1.3

1

9

.7

.6

g

40

4.0

2.7

9 ft

1.5

1.3

1 9

1.2

1 9

1.2

1 9

1.1

1.1

.9

.9

.8

1.0

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.5 

2.7

NOTE. Eiver reported "frozen" Jan. 1, Dec. 22 and 23.
OHIO BIVER BASIN. 129

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Fork of Holston River at Bluff City, Tenn.,

for 1910.

Day.

1.... ..:........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

300

O7fl

475

325

860

ftfifl

2

Q7A

3,040

1 790

1^020

785

785

650

715

590

530

530

1,580

1,790

] 790

3,460

1,790

1,480

1,190

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,020

940

Feb.

940

Sfift

860

1,020

1 con

1 190

l'020

860

860

860

860

715

650

530

860

715

715

2,900

3,040

2,010

1,480

1,480

1,480

1,280

1,190

1,020

1,020

860

Mar.

1 7Qfl

S

Offrt

2.010

1,680

1 480

I

con

i 9Sft

1,190

1,100

1,020

1,020

 1,020

940

860

785

715

650

650

650

650

590

590

590

530

530

530

530

530

530

475

530

Apr.

CQft

J7C

420

420

420

420

475

420

07ft

07«

07«

420

CQfl

1,020

860

715

1,020

940

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,020

1,020

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,190

1,100

1,020

May.

1,020

QRf\

7QK

715

71 K

590

715

1,100

1,100

1,020

1,020

1 790

1? 480

1 1QA

1,020

940

o<in

860

785

940

860

860

860

860

1,190

940

860

715

650

June.

rQn

ROft

425

49 c

QOA

I

OQft

1,280

1,020

860

860

7QK

Qfif)

1,020

2

f)K{\

2 760

2 9 en

1,900

1,680

i 9Sft

1,580

1,190

1,020

1,020

1,480

1,020

715

650

590

530

July.

CO A

49 K

425

4O K

49*

1 480

3,460

6 QQO

2

10ft

1,580 i 9ftrt

1,580

1 480

1 480

i 100

1,580 i 7on

1,190

1,100

1,020

860

785

715

650

650

860

1,900

1,190

1,020

Aug.

860

715

650

650

1 280

940

785

715

650

650

650

eon

eon

con

EOfl

475

49fl

420

370 471;

49fl

420

475

370

370

370

370

370

370

370

325

Sept.

590

con

650

1,480

1,680

i ion

Q£A

715

7QK

785

con

530

530

COft

420

370

370

OOK

QOK

°.7fl

325

325

325

325

325

325

370

370

325

Oct.

qoc

qoer

OQC

286

OQK

285

285

285

Q7ft

qot;

285

9ftf\

285

ooe

245

245

245

245

245

246

325

OOP;

325

285

285

285

530

530

420

370

Nov.

one

qoe

one

OQC

285

285

OCR

OJ.K

245

245

245

245

919

212

285

°.7fi

325

285

285

285

285

285

285

285

245

860

530

590

1,680

1,480

Dec.

860

7QK

475

420

590

4,060

4,060

2

ac/>

1 480

1^020

860

785

785

7QK

785

7QC

715

715

CQfl

. non

530

500

inn

650

860

785

785

715

650

1,020

2,250

NOTE. Dally discharge determined from a rating curve fairly well denned between 185 and 3.320 secondfeet (gage heights 0 and 3.5 feet), and poorly defined between 3,460 and 6,990 second-feet (gage heights 3.6 

and 5.6 feet). Daily discharge Jan. 1, Dec. 22 and 23, estimated, because of ice.

Monthly discharge of South Fork of Holston River at Bluff City, Tenn., for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 828 square miles.]

Month.

April...................................

May .. ....................

July........?...........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,460 

3,040 

2,250 

1,190 

1,790 

3,180 

6,990 

1,280 

1,680 

530 

1,680 

4,060

6,990

Minimum.

300 

530 

475 

370 

590 

425 

425 

325 

325 

245 

212 

42Q

212

Mean.

1,210 

1,170 

935 

789 

935 

1,200 

1,450 

550 

581 

309 

404 

1,050

880

Per 

square 

mile.

1.46 

1.41 

1.13 

.953 

1.13 

1.45 

1.75 

.664 

.702 

.373 

.488 

1.27

1.06

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.68 

1.47 

1.30 

1.06 

1.30 

1.62 

2.02 

.77 

.78 

.43 

.54 

1.46

14.43

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

50017° WSP 283 12 9
130 SUBFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1910, PAET

HOLSTON RIVER NEAR ROGERSVILLE, TENN.

*

This station, which is located at the Virginia & Southwestern Railway bridge, 1 mile north of Austins Mills and 3 miles south of Rogersville, Tenn., was established by the United States Weather Bureau 

March 10, 1902, and all gage heights have been furnished by the 

Weather Bureau.

The station is just below the mouth of Honeycut Creek and about 

2 miles below Dodson Creek, both of which are small tributaries 

entering from the south.

The vertical staff gage is attached to the downstream end of the 

bridge pier nearest the right bank.

The section of river is good for measurements, but the high-decked 

railroad bridge is difficult and somewhat dangerous to work from. 

The conditions of flow are practically constant, and a good rating 

curve has been developed for the low and ordinary stages.

No discharge measurements were made during 1910. The station 

was last inspected March 16, 1909. The accuracy of the recorded 

daily gage heights and the determination of daily and monthly discharge given in the following- tables depends on the permanency of 

the ekivation of the gage and of conditions of flow since that date.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Holston River near Rogerswlle, Tenn., for 1910.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...... ........ -

4...............

5.. .............

6...............

7... ............

8...............

9............... 

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

2.4

2.4

3.0

4.6

3.8 

3.1

2.6

2.3

2.2

2.4

2 2

2.2

2.0

1.8

2.8

3.7

4.0

5.0

4.5

3.6

3.3

2.9

2 7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

Feb.

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.8

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.1

2.0

2.6

2.8

3.5

5.2

4.3

3.8

3.3

3.0

2.8

2.7

2 ft

.......

Mar.

3.7

4.2

4.0

3.6

3.3

3.1

9 Q

2.9

2.9 

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

*> 0

2.3

2.2

2.2

2 9

2.1

2 1

2.0

1 O

1 9

1 9

1

0

1.8

1 fi

1.8

Apr.

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

2

rt

2.1

*> A

2 A

2.5

2.5

*> A

2 A

2.4

2.6

2.5

*> a

2 7

2.7

2.6

*> K

May.

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.0

1 Q

1.9

1 O

2 1

2.6

3 A

2

C

9 fi

2.8

3.1

*> Q

9 7

2.5

2

K

2.5

2.5

9 A

*> 0

*> 0

*> 0

4.1

4 4

3.6

3

-1

2.7

*> e

2.4

June.

2.3

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.6

9 Q

3.0

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.5

2.5

9 O

3.8

4.0

3

0

A 0

3.5

3.0

2 7

2.8

2

0

2 7

9 7

3 A

2v5

99

2.1

9 ft

July.

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

3 A

4.4

5.5

4.0

3.4

3.0

2.6

3.2

3.0

3.5

2 7

3.0

3.2

3.1

9 ft

2 A

2.4

2.4

2.3

*> O

*> 1

2 7

4.4

3

0

3.1

Aug.

2.7

2.4

2.3

2.6

2.8

2.6

2.3

2.8

2.8 

2.6

2.4

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

1 9

1 O

1.9

2.3

0 A

2.0

1 O

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.7

Sept.

1.8

3.2

2.6

3.3

3.8

. 3.5

2.9

2.6

2.5 

3.2

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.1

1.9

1 9

1 O

1.8

1.8

1 C

1 ft

1 Q

1 ft

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.9

1 ft

Oct.

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.8 

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6 1.5'

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.6

Nov.

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5 

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

t*

1.$

1.5

L5

1.6

1.6

1.7

1 O

2

0

Dec.

2.4

2.1

1.8

1.7

1.7

3.2

6.0

4.3

3.3 

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.0

1 0

1 9

L9i &

2.0

I 9

1.5

1.5

2.1

9 A.

*> A

O o

2.1 9 a

2.8

NOTE. Gage heights probably not affected by ice.
OHIO BIVEB BASIN. 131 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of HolMtm Ssx^r near Rogerswlle, Tenn., for 1910.

Day.

1...............

2.... ...........

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...........'....

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11..............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

1,140

1,140

1,140

1,140

3 ion

3,190

4,670

9,860

7,040

4 Q4A

3,660

2,960

2,740

3,190

2,740

2 740

2,310

i om

4,150

6,720

7,710

U Af\f\

9,490

6,410

5,510

4,410

3

QAA

3,900

3,660 

3,660 

3,660

Feb.

3,420

3,420

3,190

3,420

4,150

4,670

4,150

3,660

3,420

3,190

3,190

3,190

2,960

2,520

2,310

3,660

4,150

6,100

12,200

8,760

6,410

7 ft4fl

6,410

5,510

4,670

4,150

3,900

3,660

Mar.

6,720

8,400 7, no

6,410

5,510

4,940

4,410

4,410

4,410

3,900

3,900

3,900

3,660

3,420

3,190

3,190

2,960

2,740

2,740

2,740

2,520

2,520

2,310

2,100

2,100

2,100

1,900

1,900 

1,900 

1,900

Apr.

1,900

1,700

1,700

1,510

1,510

1,510

1,510

1,510

1,510

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,510

2,310

2,520

2

01 A.

3,190

3,420

3,420

3,190

3,190

3 ion

3,660

3,420

3,660

3

QAA*

3,900

3,660 

3,420

May.

3,190

2,740

2,310

2,310

2,100

2,100

2 inn

2,520

3,660

4,670

4,150

3,660

4,150

4 940

4^410

3,420

3,420

3,420

3,420

3,190

2 960

2 Qfin

8,050

9,120

6,410

3,900 

3,420 

3,190

June.

2,960

2,520

2,310

2,310

2,310

3,660

4,410

4,670

3,660

3,190

2,960

3,'420

3,420

4,410

7 run

7,710

7

AJA

8,760

6,100

4,670

3,900

4,150

4,150

3,900

3,900

4,670

3,420

2,740

2,520 

2,310

July.

2,310

2,310

2,100

2,100

2,100

2,310

5

QAA

9,120

13,400

7 71 n

5,800

4,670

3,660

5,220

4,670

6,100

4,670

5,220

4,940

4,150

3,190

3,190

3,190

2,960

2,740

2,520

9,120 

7,040

4 Q4Q

Aug.

3,900

a

iQA

2 Qfin

3,668

4 1 t*n

3,660

2,960

4,150

4,150

3,660

3,190

2,740

2,520

o 01 A.

2

01 fl

2,310

2,100

2,100

2 100

2,960

2,310

2,310

2,100

1,900

i Qfirt

1,700

1,700

1 7nn

1,70§ 

1,510

1 7fXl

Sept.

1,900

5,220

3,660

5,510

7 ndf\

6,100

4,410

3,660

3,420

5,220

3,900

3 429

3,190

9 Qfifl

2,520

2,100

2,108

2,100

1,900

1,900

1,900

i onn

1 om

i Qfirt

1,900

1,700

1,709

1,700

2,100 

1,900

Oct.

1,700

i 7nn

1 7nn

1,510

1,510

1,510

1,510

1,510

1,900

1,900

1,900

1,700

1,700

1,510

1,510

'1,510

1,510

1,510

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,329

1,510

1,510

1,510

1,320

1,328

1,320

1,510

1,700 i,ae

Nov.

1,510

1,329

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1 320

1,320

1 320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,320

1,510

1,510

1,700

2,100 

4,150

Dec.

3,190

2,520

i Qfin

l 7nn

1 7flft

5,220

15,400

8 7fift

5,510

4

1 tin

3,660

O IQrt

3,190

2 74ft.

o 01 A

2,100

2,100

2,100

1,900

2,310

2,100

i onn

1,320

1,320

2,520

3,190

3 ion

2,960

2,520 

3,420 

4,150

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined between 490 and 15,400 second-feet 

(gage heights 1.0 and 6.0 feet).

Monthly discharge of Holston River near Rogersville, Tenn., for 1910.

[Drainage area, 3,060 square miles.] .

Month.

Fftbraary ...............................

March......

Aprfl ...................................

May....................................

July....................................

December. ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

MayimnTn.

11,400 

12,200 

8,400 

3,900 

9,120 

8,760 

13,400 

4,150 

7,040 

1,900 

4,150 

15,400

15,400

MJTliTTlllTn1,140 

2,310 

1,900 

1,320 

2,100 

2,310 

2,100 

1,510 

1,700 

1,320 

1,320 

1,320

1,140

Mean.

4,330 

4,550 

3,660 

2,450 

3,800 

4,110 

4,680 

2,630 

3,030 

1,540 

1,470 

3,360

3,300

Per 

square 

mile.

1.42 

 1.49 

1.20 

.801 

1.24 

1.34 

1.53 

.859 

.990 

.503 

.481 

1.10

1.08

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.63 

1.55 

1.38 

.89 

1.43 

l.SO 

1.76 

.09 

1.10 

.58 

.54 

1.27

14.62

Accuracy.

A. 

A.. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.
132 SUBFACE WATEB SUPPLY/1910, PABT HI. 

LITTLE TENNESSEE RIVER BASIN. 

GENEBAL FEATUBES.

Little Tennessee River with its tributaries drains a large area extending from the Blue Ridge on the south to the Great Smoky Mountains on the north, including the territory between the basins of 

Pigeon and Hiwassee rivers. Its larger tributaries are the Tuckasegee 

from the east and the Nantahala from the south, and these streams, 

with the upper portion of the Little Tennessee as a middle fork, 

all head on top of the Blue Ridge. After cutting through the northwestern mountain rim with a great amount of fall; the river enters a 

broad and almost level plain extending to Tennessee River.

The upper or southern part of the basin, lying on the northwest 

slope of the Blue Ridge, is an elevated plateau with low, rounded 

granite knobs and few high summits and having a general altitude 

of more than 3,000 feet above sea level.

Farther downstream, in the interior and toward the northwestern 

border of the mountain section, the Balsam, Cowee, Nantahala, 

Cheoah, Unaka, and Great Smoky mountains, with many crests over 

6,000 feet high, form the watershed, -and from these descend many 

swift streams which have carved deep, narrow valleys, leaving high 

and irregular intervening ridges. The lower part of the basin 

includes some of the most rugged land in the southern Appalachians 

and contains only a very small part suited for tillage, but in the upper 

part much ol the mountain land is not steep and there are several 

large and fertile valleys. As a whole, this basin probably contains a 

larger proportion of original forests and better timber than any 

basin, in the southern Appalachian region. The great mountains on 

the northwestern border especially are almost entirely in forests.

The soils in the upper part of the basin are derived from granite 

and are sandy. On Little Tennessee River around and above Franklin, where most of the good farms are located, they comprise deep and 

fertile red loams, derived from schists. In the narrow valleys around 

the high mountains, where sandstones, quartzite, and conglomorates 

prevail, the soils are generally thin, sandy, and agriculturally poor, 

but on north slopes and in hollows they are well suited to forests.

The mean annual rainfall for the Little Tennessee River basin is 

about 52 inches. *

LITTLE TENNESSEE RIVER NEAR FRANKLIN, N. C.

This station, which is located at the iron wagon bridge, about 1 mile 

northeast of Franklin, N. C., was established June 12,1907, in cooperation with the Forest Service, to supply data regarding the water 

resources and power sites in the southern Appalachian Mountains.
OHIO EIVEE BASIN. 133

The station is 1 mile below the mouth of Cullasagee River, which is an 

important tributary, and about 1 mile above the mouth of Cat Creek. 

The total drainage area above the station is 297 square miles. The 

few mills above the station probably cause a small amount of variation 

in the flow.

Discharge measurements are made from the bridge, where the river 

has high banks, permanent, rocky bottom, and swift current, and is 

about 125 feet wide.

The vertical staff gage is attached to a tree on the left bank about 

700 feet above the bridge. Its datum has not been changed.

Backwater from a fish-trap dam about 2,000 feet below the gage 

affected the relation of gage height to discharge during 1910 and part 

of 1909. This station was abandoned July 12, 1910, on account of 

the effect of the fish-trap dam.

Discharge measurements of Little Tennessee River near Franklin, N. C., in 1910.

Date.

25

Hydrographer.

M.R. Hall....... .........................................

.....do.....................................................

Width.

Feet. 

128

128

Area of 

section.

Sq.-ft. 

288

288

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.49

2.49

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

827

833

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Tennessee River near Franklin, N. C.,for 1910.

[Lewis Angel, observer.]

Day.

1....

2. ..

3. ..

4. ..

5. ..

6. ..

7. ..

8. ..

9. ..

10. ..

11. ..

12. ..

13....

14....

15....

Jan.

1.9

1.95

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.9

4.6

3.1

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.15

2.3

2.2

Feb.

1.9

1.85

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.9

1.9

2.05

2.0

1.95

1.9

1.85

Mar.

4.5

4.4

3.6

3.1

2.95

2.75

2.65

2.5

2.4

2.45

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.25

Apr.

1.95

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.75

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.75

May.

1.85

1.85

1.8

1.9

1.75

1.75

1.8

5.5

5.1

4.5

3.1

3.0

2.7

2.5

2.45

June.

2.65

2.55

2.9

2.5

3.3

3.9

3.1

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.8

2.9

3.0

2.9

July.

1.9

1.8

1.9

1.95

1.9

3.1

3.6

3.0

2.9

2.7

2.65

2.75

Day.

16. .

17. .

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26. .

27. .

28....

29....

30....

31

Jan.

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.95

2.95

2.4

2.25

2.1

2.05

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.0

2.0

1.95

Feb.

1.85

2.0

4.4

3.1

2.7

2.5

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.55

2.9

Mar.

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.3

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.05

2.05

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.95

1.95

1.95

Apr.

1.9

4.0

2.65

2.4

2.3

2.1

2.05

2.0

2.1

2.05

2.0

2.1

2.0

1.95

1.9

May.

2.5

2.55

2.95

2.55

2.9

3.6

4.0

3.4

4.9

3.2

3.8

3.3

3.0

2.9

3.1

2.7

June.

3.0

2.8

2.55

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.35

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.3

July.

NOTE. Daily gage height affected by backwater from fish-trap dam about 2,000 feet below the gage.
134 SURFACE WATER SITPPLY, 1010, PART m.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Tennessee River near Franklin, N. C.,for 1910.

Day.

1.. ...... .................:..................

2............................................

3............................................

4............................................

5............................................

6............................................

7............................................

8............................................

9...................... ......... ..........

10. ..........................................

11............................. . ... ... ...

12. .-........................................_.

13............................................

14. .........................................

15............................................

16............................................

17... ...........................................

18............................................

19............................................

20............................................

21............................................

22....................................... ...

23. ...........................................

24..................... .........

25............................................

26. ................. A ........................

27. ...........................................

28. ...........................................

29. ...........................................

30. ...........................................

31............................................

Jan.

555

575

595

595

575

555

2,580

1,240

785

735

685

662

735

685

595

595

CQP:

595

575

1,120

785

710

640

618

640

640

618

595

CQE

575

Feb.

555

535

595

595

555

535

535

535

555

555

618

595

575

555

535

535

CQC

2,380

1,240

960

840

840

812

785

785

760

Q7A

Mar.

2,480

2,380

1,640

1,240

1,120

992

930

840

785

812

960

840

785

735

710

685

685

662

640

735

685

662

640

618

618

595

595

595

575

575

575

Apr.

575

555

555

555

555

595

515

515

515

498

498

595

555

515

498

555

2,000

930

785

70 e

^ 640

618

595

640

618

595

640

595

575

555

May.

535

535

515

555

498

498

515

3,500

3,080

2,480

1,240

1,160

960

840

812

840

870

1,120

870

1,090

1 640

2,000

1,470

2,880

1,310

1,820

1,160

1,090

1,240

960

June.

930

870

1,090

840

1,390

1,910

1,240

1,090

1,020

900

840

1,020

1,090

1,160

1,090

1,160

1,020

870

840

785

840

840

840

840

840

760

710

685

685

735

July.

555

515

555

575

.555

1,240

1,640

1,160

1,090

960

930

992

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve that is poorly defined.

Monthly discharge of Little Tennessee River near Franklin, N. C., for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 297 square miles.]

Month.

March...... ............ . ....... .. ..

April. ...................................

May.....................................

July 1-12. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,580 

2,380 

2,480 

2,000 

3,500 

1,910 

1,640

Minimum.

555 

535 

575 

498 

498 

685 

515

Mean.

740

747 

884 

646 

1,270 

964 

897

Per 

square 

mile.

2.49

2.52 

2.98 

2.18 

4.28 

3.25 

3.02

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.87 

2.62 

3.44 

2.43 

4.93 

3.63 

1.35

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B.

LITTLE TENNESSEE RIVER AT JUDSON, N. C.

This station, which is located at the Southern Railway bridge about 

a quarter of a mile from Judson, N. C., and a'short distance below the 

mouth of Sawyer Branch, was established in June, 1896. The station is 1 mile below the mouth of Alarka Creek, 2| miles below the 

mouth of Nantahala River, and about 4 miles above the mouth of 

Tuckasegee River. The total drainage area above the station is 675' 

square miles.
OHIO BIVEB BASIK. 135

During 1903 the original wire gage was replaced by a standard 

chain gage having the same location and datum, which was use£ 

until June 30, 1905. Since July 1, 1905, a vertical gage bolted to 

a solid reck on the right bank, about 100 feet above the bridge, 

has been u&ed. This gage was set to read with the chain gage at a 

gage height of 3 feet, but owing to the large amount of slope in the 

river the actual elevation of its zero is 0.50 foot above the datum of 

the chain gage.

The river bed is rocky and uneven and the current is swift and 

rough, making measurements difficult at any but low stages. The 

flow is little affected by artificial control, and conditions are probably 

constant, although many of the measurements plot wide, owing, it 

is thought, to the rough bottom and broken current.

Discharge measurements o/ Little Tennessee River at Judson, N. C., in 1910.

Date.

Nov. 16

16

17

Hydrographer.

M.R.Hall.... ............................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

Width.

Feet. 

127

127

175

Area of . sec, ion.

Sq.ft. 

234

223

o555

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.50

2.49

2 47

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

596

589

o Measurement made from footway ef flume bridge about 2,000 feet above the railroad bridge.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Tennessee River at Judson, N. C.,for 1910. 

[Miss E. G. Enloe, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2.. .............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

3.3

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.4

6.7

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.3

4.0

4.0

4.9

3.3

3.5

3.3

4.0

3.5

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4 

3.5

Feb.

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.4

5.9

5.0

4.5

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.8

4.4

.......

Mar.

6.7

6.0

5.2

5.0

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.0

4.5

4.2

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3 

3.S

Apr.

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.3

3.3

3.3

6.0

4.8

4.5

3.«7

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.5

3.3

May.

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

6.5

5.0

4.9

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.5

4.5

4.0

3.8

3.7

4.5

4.4

4.5

5.0

4.9

4.7

6.2

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.4

4.6 

4.5

June.

4.5

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.0

5.2

5.0

4.9

4.5

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.5

4.7

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.9

4.3

3.8

4.0

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.7

3.7

July.

3.7

3.7

4.1

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.7

4.9

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.5

4.5

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

3.8

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.8

3.8

3.5 

3.5

Aug.

3.4

3.4

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.2

3.0

3.0

3.0

4.2

4.3

4.3

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.5

3.5 

3.3

Sept

3.3

4.0

3.3

3.25

3.2

3.15

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.85

2.85

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.9

3.0

3.0

2.95

2.9

3.1

Oct.

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

3.0

3.8

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.0

3.05

3.0

2.9

2.95

2.8

2.85

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.8

2.7 

2.6

Nov.

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.5

3.8

2.8

2.5

Dec.

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.5

6.5

4.5

3.6

3.05

2.8

2.6

, 2.8

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.55

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.25

2.25

2.2

4.0

3.6 

3.6
136 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PAET III.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Tennessee River at Judson, N. C.,/or 1910.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4. ..............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18. ..............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1,200

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,300

8,000

3,360

3,170

3,170

3,170

2,320

1,930

1,930

3,360

1,200

1,390

1,200

1,930

1,390

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,390

1,390

1,890

1,300

1,300

1,390

Feb.

1,390

1,390

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,300

1,200

1,120

1,200

1,300

1,300

1 300

5,630

3,550

2,640

2,320

2,320

2,320

1,930

1,700

1,700

1,700

2,480

Mar.

8,000

5,900

3,950

3,550

2,480

2,320

2,180

2,180

2,180

1,930

2,640

2,180

1,930

1,820

1,820

1,700

1,700

1,600

1,490

1,490

1,390

1,390

1,300

1 300

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,200

1,200

1,200

Apr.

1,200

1,120

1,120

1,120

1,120

1,120

1,120

1,120

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,200

1,200

1,200

5,900

3,170

2,640

1,600

1,490

1,390

1,390

i inn

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,390

1,200

May.

1,200

1,120

1,120

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

7,380

3,550

3,360

3,360

3,170

3,170

2,640

2,640

1,930

1,700

1,600

2,640

2,480

2,640

3,550

3,360

2,990

6,470

4,610

4,610

4,610

4,380

2,810

2,640

June.

2,640

2,050

2,050

1,930

1,930

3,950

3,550

3,360

2,640

2,180

2,180

2,180

2,180

2,640

2,990

2,180

2,050

2,050

1,930

1,820

1,820

2,320

1,700

1,930

1,930

1,700

1,490

1,390

1,600

1,600

July.

1,600

1,600

2,050

2,990

2,990

2,810

2,990

3,360

2,990

2,990

2,990

2,990

2,640

2,640

2,050

2,050

2,050

2,050

1,700

1,700

1,490

1,390

1,390

1,390

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,700

1,700

1,390

1,390

Aug.

1,300

1,300

2,180

2,180

2,180

2,640

2,640

2,640

2,480

2,480

2,320

2,320

2,180

950

950

950

2,180

2,320

2,320

950

950

950

1,120

1,120

1,030

950

950

950

1,390

1,390

1,200

Sept.

1,200

1,930

1,200

1,160

1,120

1,070

1,030

950

950

950

950

875

875

875

875

875

875

838

838

800

800

800

800

730

875

950

950

912

875

1,030

Oct.

950

950

800

730

730

730

950

1,700

1,390

1,200

1,120

950

990

950

875

912,

800

838

800

765

730

695

660

660

660

660

660

660

800

730

660

Nov.

660

660

660

660

660

660

595

595

595

595

595

595

595

595

595

595

595

595

595

595

595

595

562

562

562

562

595

1,700

800

595

Dec.

595

530

530

595

7,380

2,640

1,490

990

800

660

800

800

765

730

730

660

660

660

628

628

595

530

530

470

470

440

440

410

1,930

1,490

1,490

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from discharge rating curve well defined between 530 and 2,990 

second-feet (gage heights 2.4 and 4.7 feet, fairly well defined between 3,170 and 10,200 second-feet (gage 

heights 4.8 and 7.4 feet, and poorly defined above discharge 10,200 second-feet (gage height 7.4 feet).

Monthly discharge of Little Tennessee River at Judson, N. C.,for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 675 square miles.]

Month.

March. .................................

May....................................

July. ..............................

September. .............................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,000 

5,630 

8,000 

5,900 

7,380 

3,950 

3,360 

2,640 

1,930 

1,700 

1,700 

7,380

8,000

Minimum.

1,200 

1,120 

1,200 

1,030 

1,030 

1,390 

1,300 

950 

730 

660 

562 

410

410

Mean.

1,930 

1,800 

2,170 

. 1,470 

2,900 

2,200 

2,100 

1,660 

965 

861 

647 

1,030

1,650

Per 

square 

mile.

2.86 

2.67 

3.22 

2.08 

4.30 

3.26 

3.11 

2.46 

1.43 

1.28 

.954 

1.53

2.44

Kun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

3.30 

2.78 

3.71 

2.32 

4.96 

3.64 

3.58 

2.84 

1.60 

1.48 

1.06 

1.76

33.03

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

LITTLE TENNESSEE RIVER AT M GHEE, TENN.

This station, which is located at the Louisville & Nashville Railroad bridge about one-third mile south of McGhee, Tenn., and onehalf -mile below the mouth of Tellico River, was established by the 

United States Weather Bureau late in 1904, the gage readings begin-
OHIO BIVEE BASIN. 137

ning November 29 of that year. Since that time discharge measurements have been made by the United States Geological Survey and 

the daily gage readings have been furnished by the Weather Bureau.

The boxed chain gage is located on the railroad bridge. Owing to 

a new location of the railroad a new crossing of the river was made 

1,000 feet above the old one. The gage was moved to the new 

bridge December 1, 1905, and was set to read the same as before 

by raising its datum the exact amount of the slope of river between 

the points (0.30 foot at gage height 4 feet).

Although the river is navigable up to the station, very valuable 

water-power sites exist a short distance above. There are no dams 

of sufficient size to cause any noticeable interference with the natural 

flow of the stream. The section is about 530 feet wide at ordinary 

stages. The current is very swift even at low water and is somewhat 

broken at places, but it is fairly satisfactory for measuring.

No discharge measurements were made at this station during 1910. 

The station was last visited May 25, 1909, and the accuracy of the 

estimates of daily and monthly discharges published in the following tables depends on the constancy of the elevation of the gage and 

the permanency of the relation of gage height to discharge since that 

date.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Tennessee River at McGhee, Tenn.,for 1910.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

"I.... ...........

8.... ...........

9...............

10...............

11............'...

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16............... 17..........:....

is

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.3

3.7

3.9

3.9

3.7

3.6

6.6

6.4

5.0

4.5

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.7

4.0

3.6

3.5

3.5

4.8

4.3

4.6

5.2

4.8

4.4

4.3

4.1

4.1

4.1

3.9

3.9

3.8

Feb.

3.7

3.5

3.6

4.6

4.0

3.8

3.5

3.3

3.6

3.8

3.6

4.0

'3.4 3.7

3.6

3.7

4.0

6.8

5.5

4.8

5.3

5.0

4.6

4.4

4.2

4.0

4.3

.......

Mar.

9.1

8.0

6.8

5.8

5.2

4.9

4.7

4.4

4.3

4.1

4.3

4.5

4.2

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3

Apr.

3.3

3.3

3.3

a. 2

3.2

3.2

3.4

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.3

3.5

3.3

3.3

4.1

7.1

4.8

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.8

4.0

3.7

3.7

3.8

4.2

4.1

3.9

May.

3.8

3.8

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.5

4.2

8.6

6.2

5.2

4.7

5.0

4.5

4.2

4.1

4.2

4 7

6.1

5.1

5.5

5.7

5.9

5.7

8.5

7.4

6.2

5.5

5.1

4.9

5.1

June.

4.5

4.4

4.5

4.5

4.5

9.5

6.8

5.6

5.1

4.8

5.0

4.9

5.1

5.4

4.9

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.5

4.4

4.4

' 4.4

4.5

4.4

4.1

3.9

4.2

5.5

July.

4.4

5.4

5.2

5.4

A Q

4.9

6.8

6.4

5.6

5.2

a a

4.7

4.6

5.6

5.4

5.0

5.0

5.2

4.8

4.3

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.7

4 4

4.3

A 9

4.0

4.7

Aug.

4.4

4.0

3.8

4.4

5.0

4.3

4 6

4.3

4.0

3.8

3.7 3.6-

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

4.0

3.7

3.6,

3.5

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.4

3.4

3.3

3^2

3.0

Sept.

5.6

4.2

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.6

3 A

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.9

3.3

Oct.

3.3

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.7

2.8

2.6

2.5

Nov.

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.6

3.1

Dec.

2.5

2.3

2.3

2.2

o 7

10.0

<; Q

4.0

3.7

3.6

3.3

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

3.3

4.0

3.6

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.4

4.7

NOTE. Gage heights probably not affected by ice.
SURFACE WA^EB SUPPLY, 1910, PART m.

Daily dtsehcerge, in second-feet, of Little Tennessee River at McGhee, Tewn., for 1910.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10.. ..............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

3,650

4,630

5,150

5,150

4,630

4,380

13,100

12,500

8,220

6,780

5,680

5,150

4,890

4,630

5,410

4,380

4,130

4,130

7,640

6,220

7,060

8,820

7,640

6,500

6,220

5,680

5,680

5,680

5,150

5,150 

4,890

Feb.

4,630

4,130

4,380

7,060

5,410

4,890

4,130

3,650

4,380

4,890

4,380

5,410

4,630

3,890

4 380

4,630

5,410

20,200

13,700

9,720

7,640

9,120

8,220

7,060

6,500

5,950

5,410

6,220

.......

Mar.

21,200

17,500

13,700

10,600

8,820

7,930

7,350

6,500

6,220

5,680

6,220

6 7Sfl

5,950

5,680

5,150

4,890 4 son

4,630

4,630

4,380

4,890

4,630

4,680

4,380

4,380

4,130

A 1W>

3,890

3,890

3,890 

3,650

Apr.

3,650

3,650

3,650

3,420

3,420

3,420

3,890

3,200

3,200

3,200

3,200

3,200

3,650

4,130

3,650

3,650

5,680

14,600

7 640

5,950

5,410

A SQft

4,890

5,410

4,630

4,630

4,890

5,950

5,680

5,150

May.

4,890

4,890

4,380

4,380

4,380

4,130

4,130

5,950

19,500

11,800

8,820

7,350

8,220

6,780

5,950

5,680

5,950

7 <m(\

11,500

8,520

9,720

10 300

10,900

10 300

19,200

15,600

11,800

9,720

8,520

7,930 

8,520

June.

6,780

6,500

6,780

6,780

6,780

22,500

13,700

10,000

 8,520

7,640

8,220

7,930

8,520

9,420

7,930

7,930

7,350

6,780

6,220

5,950

6,780

6,500

6,500

6,500

6,780

6,500

5,680

5,150

5,950

9,720

July.

6,500

9,420

8,820

9,420

7,930

7,930

13,700

12,500

10,000

8,820

7,640

7,350

7,060

10,000

9,420

8,220

8,220

7,640

6,220

5,950

5,680

5,410

4,890

4,890

4,630

'6,500

6,220

5,950

5,410

7,350

Aug.

6,500

5,410

4,890

6,500

8,220

6,220

7,060

6,220

5,410

4,890

4,630

4,380

4,130

4,130

3,890

3,890

3,890

3,650

3,650

5,410

4,630

4,380

4,130

4,130

3,650

3,420

3,890

3,890

3,650

3,420 

2,990

Sept.

10,000

5,950

5,410

5,410

5,410

4,380

4,380

3,890

3,650

3,650

3,420

3,420

3,200

3,200

2,990

2,990

2,790

2,790

2,600

2,790

2,790

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,420

3,200

2,990

2,790

2,790

3,650

Oct.

3,650

2,990

2,790

2,600

2,600

2,420

2,250

4,630

4,380

4,380

3,200

2,990

2,790

2,600

2,420

2,420

2,420

2,250

2,250

2,250

2,250

2,090

2,090

2,090

2,090

1,940

1,940

2,420

2,600

2,250 

2,090

Nov.

2,090

1,§40

1,940

1,940

1,790

2,090

2,090

1,940

1,940

1,940

1,940

1,940

1,940

1,940

1,790

1,790

1,790

1,790

1,790

1,790

1,650

1,650

1,790

1,940

1,940

.2,090

1,940

2,250

4,380

3,200

Dec.

2,090

1,790

1,790

1,650

2,420

24,200

10,900

5,410

4,630

4,380

3,650

3,200

2,990

2,790

2,600

2,420

2,250

2,790

2,600

2,600

2,600

2,420

2,420

3,650

5,410

4,380

3,420

3,200

3,200

3,890 

7,350

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve fairly well defined between 

1,390 and 1,650 second-feet (gage heights 2.0 and 2.2 feet), well denned between 1,790 and 8,820 second-feet 

(gage heights 2.3 and 5.2 feet), and fairly well denned between 9,120 and 24,200 second-feet (gage heights 

5.3 and 10.0 feet).

Monthly discharge of Little Tennessee River at McGhee, Tenn., for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 2,470 square miles.]

Month.

February. ..............................

March...................................

April....................................

May.....................................

July.............. .......................

August... . ..............................

October. ..............................

December. ..............................

THe year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

13,100 

20,200 

21,200 

14,600 

19,500 

22,500 

13,700 

8,220 

. 10,000 

4,630 

4,380 

24,200

24,200

Minimum.

3,650 

3,650 

3,650 

3,200 

4,130 

5,150 

4,630 

2,990 

2,420 

1,940 

1,650 

1,650

1,650

Mean.

6,090 

6,430 

6,620 

4,720 

8,610 

7,940 

7,690 

4,680 

3,690 

2,650 

2,030 

4,160

5,450

Per 

square 

mile.

. 2.47 

2.60 

2.68 

1.91 

3.49 

3.21 

3.12 

1.89 

1.49 

1.07 

.822 

1.68

2.21

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.85 

2.71 

3.09 

2.13 

4.02 

3.58 

3.60 

2.18 

1.66 

1.23 

.92 

1.94

29.91

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

TUCKASEGEE RIVER AT BRYSON, N. C.

This station is located at the highway bridge in the town of Bryson, 

N. C., one-half mile below the mouth of Deep Creek and about 15 

miles above the junction of Tuckasegee Kiver with Little Tennessee
OHIO MVEH BASIN. 1*9

River. Oconahifty River, an important tributary, comes in about 

8 miles above Bryson. The total drainage area above the station is 

662 square miles. "

The original station was established in June, 1896, at the Southern 

Railway bridge, 3 miles above Bryson, but was abandoned early in 

1897 on account of poor measuring section. The present station was 

established November 7, 1897, and has been maintained continuously 

since that time.

The gage is read twice a day in order to equalize any small variations in flow caused by the operations of power plants.

Discharge measurements are made at the bridge, where the current 

and other conditions are good. A staff gage is attached to the left 

bank pier. Its datum has not been changed. *

Discharge measurements of Tuckasegee River at Bryson, N. C., in 1910.

Date.

July 20

21

21

Nov. 17

Hydrographer. 

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

M. R. Hall................................................

Width.

Feet. 

191

191

191

185

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft.

975

961

956

760

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.00

1.90

1.91

1.12

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

1,700

1,560

1,580

542

Daily gage height, in feet, of Tuckasegee River at Bryson, N. C.,for 1910. 

[J. M. Welch, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7. ..............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19. ..............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.75

1.6

1.65

3.3

2.45

2.0

1.95

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.75

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.9

2. 68

2.2

1.95

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.6

Feb.

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.6

1.5

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.45

1.5

1.5

1.7

2.15

3.65

2.45

2.2

2.2

2.25

2.05

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

3.1

.......

Mar.

3.85

3.1

2.65

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.95

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.5

1.5

Apr.

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.55

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.8

3.8

2.85

1.95

1.8

1.7

1.65

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

May.

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.6

3.35

3.55

2.7

2.15

2.2

2.05

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.95

2.7

2.25

2.5

2.4

2.45

2.4

3.1

3.35

2.9

2.55

2.35

2.2

2.45

2.15

June.

2.0

1.9

2.25

2.15

3.0

3.25

2.55

2.35

2.2

2.1

2.0

2 2

2.25

2.55

2.6

2.4

2.25

2.1

2.0

2.1

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.15

2.0

2.0

1.85

1.9

1.9

1.9

July.

1.9

1.95

1.85

1.95

2.1

2.3

2.95

2.4

2.2

2.25

2.15

2 1

2.45

2.65

2.75

2.65

2.5

2.35

2.2

2.05

1.9

1.85

1.8 -1.8

1.8

1.7

2.15

2.05

2.0

2.35

1.95

Aug.

1.8

1.8

2.0

2.0

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.55

1.5-

1.5

1.5

1.7

1/7

1.6

1.65

, 1.55

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.65

1.5

1.4

1.4

2.7

Sept

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.85

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.65

Oct.

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.95

1.95

1.9

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.25

1.35

1.25

1.2

1.2

Nov.

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.2

1.15

1.2

1.55

1.35

1.2

Dec.

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.15

2.1

3.4

^ 9

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.36

1,3

1.4

1.3

1.15

1.2

1.4

2.4

1.6

1.45

1.5

1.45

1.5

2.75

1.9
140 StJBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1910, PAET HI.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Tuckasegee River at Bryson, N. C.,for 1910.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17. ..............

18. ..............

19. ..............

20... ,. ..........

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28

29. ..............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1.090

1,220

1,360

1,300

1,090

1,160

4,110

2,390

1,660

1,580

1,360

1,300

1,220

1,300

1,220

1,090

1,090

1,220

1,510

1,740

1,970

1,580

1,360

1,360

1,360

1,220

1,220

1,220

1,160

1,090

1,090

Feb.

960

960

1,090

1,220

1,090

1,020

1,090

960

1,160

1,160

1,090

1,090

900

960

960

1,220

1,890

4,920

2,390

1,970

1,970

2,050

1,740

1,660

1,510

1,510

1,510

3,670

Mar.

5,420

3,670

2,760

2,480

2, 130

1,970

1,816

1,660

1,660

1,580

1,970

1,660

1,510

1,360

1,360

1,220

1,220

1,220

1,220

1,360

1,220

1,220

1,160

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,020

1,020

1,020

960

960

Apr.

960

960

960

960

900

900

840

840

840

840

840

1,090

960

960

960

1,360

5,290

3,150

1,580

1,360

1,220

1, 100

1,220

1,090

1,090

1,090

1,220

1,090

1,090

1,090

May.

1,090

1,090

960

1,220

960

960

1,090

4,220

4,680

2,850

1,890

1,970

1,740

1,510

1,360

1,360

1,580

2,850

2,050

2,480

2,300

2,390

2,300

3,670

4,220

3,250

2,570

2,220

1,970

2,390

1,890

Jane.

1,660

1,510

2,050

1,890

3,460

4,000

2,570

2,220

1,970

1,810

1,660

1,970

2,050

2,570

2,660

2,300

2,050

1,810

1,660

1,810

1,890

1,810

1,810

1,890

1,660

1,660

1,440

l,olO

1,510

1,510

July.

1,510

1,580

1,440

1,580

1,810

2,130

3,360

2,300

1,970

2,060

1,890

1,810

2,390

2,760

2,950

2,760

2,480

2,220

1,970

1,740

1,510

1,440

1,360

1,360

1,360

1,220

1,890

1,740

1,6CO

2,220

1,580

Aug.

1,360

1,360

1,660

1,660

1,440

1,300

1,360

1,360

1,360

1,220

1,090

1,090

960

1,090

1,020

960

960

960

1,220

1,220

1,090

1,160

1,020

960

960

1,090

1,160

960

840

840

2,850

Sept.

1,970

1,660

1,510

1,510

1,440

1,220

1,160

1,090

1,220

960

960

960

960

900

840

960

840

785

785

840

785

730

730

730

960

840

840

840

840

1,160

Oct.

960

840

730

730

730

730

1,580

1,580

1,510

1,090

960

840

840

785

730

730

730

730

730

678

678

678

625

625

625

625

678

785

678

625

625

Nov.

625

625

625

625

625

625

625

625

625

625

625

o78

578

578

578

578

530

578

530

530

530

530

530

678

625

578

625

1,020

785

625

Dec,

530

530

5.10

578

1,810

4,330

1,510

1,090

960

960

960

840

730

625

730

840

785

730

840

7OA

578

625

840

2,300

1,090

900

960

900

960

2,950

1,510

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a discharge rating curve well defined between 530 and 3,250 

second-feet (gage heights 1.1 and 2.9 feet), and fairly well defined between 3,460 and 10,700 second-feet (gage 

heights 3.0 and 5.5 feet).

Monthly discharge of Tuckasegee River at Bryson, N. C.,for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 662 square miles.]

Month.

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

October. ................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,110 

4,920 

5,420 

5,290 

4,680 

4,000 

3,360 

2,850 

1,970 

1,580 

1,020 

4,330

5,420

\finiTTinTn1,090 

900 

960 

840 

960 

1.440 

1,220 

840 

730 

625 

530 

530

530

Mean.

1,440 

1,660 

1,660 

1,260 

2,160 

2,010 

1,940 

1,210 

1,030 

822 

612 

1,100

1,400

Per 

square 

mile.

2.18 

2.36 

2.49 

1.90 

3.26 

3.04 

2.93 

1.83 

1.56 

1.24 

.924 

1.66

2.11

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

2.51 

2.46 

2.87 

2.12 

3.76 

3.39 

3.38 

2.11 

1.74 

1.43 

1.03 

1.91

28.71

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.
OHIO MVEB BASIN. 141 

HIWASSEE RIVER BASIN.

GENERAL FEATUEES.

Hiwassee River rises in the mountains of the Blue Ridge in western 

North Carolina and northern Georgia, takes a northwesterly direction, breaks through the Unaka Mountains, and enters Tennessee 

River 36 miles above Chattanooga, after flowing for 41 miles through 

a level country.

Nottely and Ocoee rivers, important tributaries, head in the Blue 

Ridge in Georgia. The Nottely enters the Hiwassee a short distance 

below Murphy, N. C., but the Ocoee has cut for itself a separate 

channel through the mountain border and enters the Hiwassee about 

6 miles below Savannah Ford, which is the head of navigation. The 

lower mountain channels of both Hiwassee and Ocoee are exceedingly narrow, with high, precipitous banks, and the fall of both streams 

is very large.

The Hiwassee River basin occupies the southwestern portion of 

the Appalachian Mountains northwest of the Blue Ridge, and is 

therefore the southern extremity of the great mountain drainage area 

whose southeastern border is the top of the Blue Ridge, extending 

solid without a single crosscutting stream south of Roanoke River 

in Virginia.

The altitude of this tract, separated from the Little Tennessee 

basin by a mountainous divide, extending from the Blue Ridge to 

the Unaka Mountains, ranges between 1,500 and 5,000 feet. Spurs 

from 5 to 20 miles long reach from the eastern divide toward the 

river, and deep valleys extend from the river far into the mountains. 

The mountain sides are steep and in many places rocky, and the creek 

valleys, several of which are important, have considerable areas of 

alluvial flats and rolling foothills.

HIWASSEE KIVER AT MURPHY, N. C.

This station, which is located at the highway bridge in Murphy, 

N. C., about 80 feet above the Louisville & Nashville Railroad bridge, 

one-half mile above the mouth of Valley River, was established July 

26, 1896, and the record is continuous except for a short period from 

August 8 to October 19, 1897.

The total drainage area above the station is 410 square miles. The 

natural flow is little, if any, affected either by diversions or dams 

above.

Prior to 1903 a wire gage located at the bridge was used. This was 

broken a number of times, introducing uncertainties in the gage height 

records. Since January 1, 1903, a chain gage fastened to the bridge
142 SI7BFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1510, PAET III.

has been used. There has been no ehaage in the gage datum since 

October 20, 1897. At the measuring section the current is good and 

fairly regular, but the bed, which is rock, is uneven, and soundings 

require careful work. Backwater from Valley River is not apt to 

disturb the rating, though such an effect is possible.

Discharge measurements of Hiwassee River at Murphy, N. C., in 1910.

Date.

Jmly 19

1Q

22

16

. Hydrographer.

M.R.Hall.... ...........................................

.....do.....................................................

M.E.HalL... ............................................

.....do.....................................................

Width.

Feet.

157

157

161

150

150

Area of

section.

Sq.ft. 

385

395

412

267

254

Gag* 

height.

Feet. 

5, SI

5

09

5.75

5.15

5.14

Wsctoarge.

Sfc.Jt.

800

Qfljt

806

287

282

Daily gage height, in feet, of Hiwassee River at

[Miss Willie Mingus, observer.]

, N. C., for 1910.

1.... ........... 

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11............... ix..............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22............... 

23...............

24...............

v:.... ..........

2Sw.. ...........

27...............

28...............

29...............

39...............

31..............

Jan.

s.e

5.6

5.7

5.6

5.6

5.6

7.6

6.6

6.2

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.8

5.7

5.65

5.66

5.6

6.05

5.7

6.3

6.2 

6.0

6.9

5.85

5.85

5.8

5.9

5.8

5.75

Feb.

5.7 

5.65

5.7

6.0

5.85 

5.8

5.7

5.8

5.7

5.7

5.65

5.9

5.7

5.65

5.7

5.75

5.8

7.6

6.65

6.4

6.2

6.3 

6.15

6.1

6.0

R q

5 9

6.0

.......

Mar.

7.0 

8.0

6.6

6.3

6.25 

6.15

6.0

5.95

5.85

5.85

6.1

6.0

5.9

5.85

5

7K

5.75

5.7

5.7

5.65

5.8

5.7

5.65 

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.55

5.55

5.5

5.5

5.45

5.45

Apr.

5.45 

5.5

5.45

5.45

5.5 

5.6

5.5

5.45

5.45

5.45

5.45

5.45

5.6

5.6

5.45

5.6

7.0

5.6

6.0

5.9

5 0

5.7 

5.75

5.65

5.6

5.75

5 71

5.7

5.7

5.7

May.

5.65 

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.55

5.5

5.6

8.4

7.8

6.75

6.5

fi OK

A 9

6.05

6.05

5.8

6.0

A 9

6.2

5

0

8 A

7.4 

7.2

7.0

7

0

7.0

6.8

6. .55

6.4

6.3

6.2

June.

6.1 

6.0

6.1

6.0

6.2

7.7

6.7

6.45

6.3

6.3

6.35

6 9

6.5

6.3

6.4

6.75

6.2

6.1

6.0

5.9

6.35

6.15

6.25

6.2

6. la

6.0

5.9

5.8

6.0

C Q

July.

6.2

6.25

6.2

6.4

6.2 

7.0

6.7

6.15

6.4

6.2

6.3

6.5

6.3

6.2

6.15

6.0

6.0

5.95

5.85

5.8

5.S

5.8 

5.7

5 95

5.95

5.9

5 a

6.0

5.95

5.95

5.8

Aug.

5.7 

5.6

5.65

5.55

5.85 

5.6

6.0

5.9

5.6

5.55

5.55

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.7

5.5

5.45

5.5

5.6

5.9

5.55

5.5

5.7

5.5

£5

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.45

5.4

5.55

Sept.

6.1

6.0

5.65

5.65

5.8 

5.55

5.5

5.45

5.45

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.7

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.25 

5.25

5.35

5.55

5.55

5.5

5.35

5.3

5.4

Oct.

5.35 

5.3

5.<25

5.25

5.25 

5.25

5.35

5.5

5.75

5.45

5.35

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.25

5.25

5.25

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2 

5.2

5

O

5.2

5.15

5.15

5.4

5.25

5.2

5.2

Nov.

5.2 

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2 

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.15

5.15

5.15

5.15

5.15

5.15

5.15

5.15

5.15

5.15 

5.15

5

O

5.3

5.2

5.15

5.5

5.3

5.2

Dec.

5.15 

5.15

5.15

5.15

5.75 

8.0

6.2

6.2

5.6

5.55

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.3 

5.35

5.95

5.55

5.46

5.45

5.4

5.4

5.8

5.75
OHIO BIVEB BASIN. 143

i

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Hiwassee River at Murp&y, N. C.,for 1910.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

fi4fl

Aid

720

640

640

640

3,110

1,610

1,170

975

885

800

720

800

720

680

680

640

1,020

720

1,270

1,170

071

975

885

842

QJ.Q

ann

885

800

760

Fete.

720

680

720

975

842

800

720

800

720

720

680

885

720

680

720

760

800

3,110

1,670

i 3sn

1,170

1,270

1,120

1,070

Q7K

885

OCR

Q7K

Mar.

2,130

3,850

1,610

1,276

1,220

1,120

975

930

840

840

1,070

975

885

840

752

752

710

710

670

795

710

670

630

630

630

590

EQA

EEA

550

512

512

Apr.

512

550

512

512

559

630

550

512

512

512

512

512

630

630

512

630

2,130

630

Q71

885

7QH

710

7co

670

630

719

752

710

710

710

May.

670

630

630

630

590

550

630

4,600

3,470

1,800

1,490

1,220

1,170

1,020

1,020

795

975

1,170

1,170

795

4,660

2,766

2 4sn

2 iw

3

J7A

2,130

I

Sfirt

1 ECA

1,380

1,270

1.170

TUBft.

1,070

Q7*i

1,070

975

1,17,0

3,290

1,730

1 iAI\

1,270

1,270

1,320

1,170

1 490

l!270

1,380

1,800

1,170

1,070

975

885

1,320

1,020

1,220

1,170

1,120

975

QQC

Q7*

OCR

July.

1,170

1 99ft

1,170

1,380

1,170

2,130

1,730

1,120

1,380

1,170

1,270

1,490

1,270

1,170

1,120

975

975

930

840

795

701

795

710

<«n

Qsn

885

QQC

Q71

Q<m

930

795

Aug.

Tltt

630

6ZO

596

840

630

975

885

630

590

590

550

550

550

710

550

512

550

630

885

ion

550

710

550

l^n

.630

CCA

550

512

475

590

Sept.

1,020

CfTH

670

670

795

590

550

512

512

475

475

475

710

475

475

475

400

4(Y)

400

400

400

365

OAK

438

CQA

590

ERA

42S

Ann

A*JK

Oct.

438

jnn

365

365

365

438

550

752

512

438

400

400

330

365

365

365

330

330

330

330

336

330

330

330

295

OQC

475

365

330

330

New.

330

330

330

330

330

IRfl

330

330

330

330

330

330

295

295

295

296

295

295

295

291

295

295

330

330

330

295

550

400

339

Dec.

295

9O5

295

295

752

3,850

1,170

1,170

630

590

550

475

400

400

4flft

400

400

400

475

400

4(Yi

400

438

930

CQA

512

H19

475

475

795

752

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from rating curves well defined between 260 and 1,860 second-feet 

(gage heights 5.1 and 6.8 feet), fairly well defined between 1,990 and 3,850 second-feet (gage heights 6.9 and 

8.0 feet), and poorly denned above 3,850 second-feet (gage height 8.0 feet). The rating curve used below 

discharge 885 second-feet (gage height 5.9 feet), from Jan. 1 to Feb. 28, differed from that used Mar. 1 to 

Dec. 31. The necessity for this change in rating was shown by discharge measurements made during 1909 

and 1910.

Monthly discharge of Hiwassee River at Murphy, N. C.,for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 410 square miles.]

Month.

March..... .

April....................................

May.

June....................................

July.....................................

September ..............................

October- ................................

December.. . ............................

The year- ----.- ...................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,110 

3,110 

3,850 

2,130 

4,660 

3,290 

2,130 

975 

1,070 

752 

550 

3,850

4,660

Minimum.

640 

680 

512 

512 

550 

795 

710 

475 

365 

295 

295 

295

295

Mean.

924 

980 

952 

686 

1,610 

1,240 

982 

629 

537 

385 

320 

643

824

Per 

square 

mile.

2.25 

2.39 

2,32 

1.67 

3.93 

3.02 

2.40 

1.53 

1.31 

.939 

.7% 

1.57

2.01

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.59 

2.48 

2.68 

1.86 

4.53 

3.37 

2.77 

1.76 

1.46 

1.08 

.89 

1.81

27.29

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B, 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A, 

A.
144 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PART HI.

HIWASSEE EIVEE AT RELIANCE, TENN.

This station, which is located at the Louisville & Nashville Railroad bridge at Reliance, Tenn., 2 miles above Spring Creek and 1^ 

mile below Lost Creek, was established August 17, 1900.

The total drainage area above the station is 1,180 square miles.

At ordinary stages the section is a fairly good one. The water is 

held back by a ledge of rock below and is rather sluggish at low stages. 

At one end of this ledge is a small corn mill, but it does not appear 

probable that the use of water power by this mill could affect the gage 

readings. It is possible, however, that at low water there is some 

effect, and also that the observed changes in rating may be due to 

variable heights of the temporary dam at the mill.

There has been no change in the datum of the staff gage, which is 

attached to a tree at the right ferry landing 150 feet above the 

bridge.

Discharge measurements of Hiwassee River at Reliance, Tenn., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 11

11

July 25

25

26

Hydrbgrapher.

M. K. Hall................................................

.....do.....................................................

F. P. Thomas.............................................

.....do.....................................................

Width.

.Feet. 

335

336

344

344

344

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

2,140

2,190

2,110

2,110

2,130

&L

Feet. 

2.16

2.20

2.09

2.01

1.97

Discharge.

Sec.Jt. 

2,570

2,720

2,320

2,230

2,220

Daily gage height, in feet, of Hiwassee River at Reliance, Tenn., for 1910. 

[C. V. Higdon, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

6...............

6. ..............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1.9

1.8

1.9

1.8

1 7H

1.7

2.7

2

QK

2.5

2.2

2.05

1.95

1 ft*

1

0

1 9

1

0

1 fi

1.7

2.05

2.0

2.1

O fK

2.25

2.25

2 9

2.1

2.05

2 n

2.0

1.95

1.9

Feb.

1.85

1.8

1.85

2.0

2.3

2.0

1.9

1 SS

1 S

1.8

9 n

2 IK

2.0

1

QK

1 fiK.

1

OK

1 9

4.1

3.2

2.65

2 4£

2.4

2.4

2.3

2 in

2.1

2 15

2.0

.......

Mar.

3.2

3.5

3 n

2.7

9 e

2 25

2 25

2 1 K

2 1

2.05

2 1

9 Q

2

1

2

r\

1 OR

1 fit;

1.95

1

QK

1

0

1 fi

1 CK

1 fi

1 R

1 7%

1

TK

1 7K.

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.65

1.6

Apr.

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.75

1.65

1 0

2 Q

3

O

2 rye

2.2

2

(1

1 9

1 Q

1 0

I

d

1.95

2.0

2.1

9 n

1 Q

May.

1.85

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.75

1

C

4.2

A. 0

4.4

2 OS

2

KK

2.4

2

0

2 9

2 1

2 9

2

e

2.6

3 9

3 Q

4.1

4 9

3 7

3 9

2 QK

2.65

2

E

2.45

June.

2.3

2.2

2.6

2.35

2.5

4.2

3.3

2 7

2.65

2

K

2 7E

2.65

3 1

2

0

2

0

2

0

2 A

2 OK

2

0

2.35

2.25

9 QK

2

'~ ' A.

2

K

2

0

2 1

2.05

2.65

2 ft

July.

2.45

2.55

2.45

2.9

2 7

2.7

3 d

3 9

3 n

2.7

2.6

2.55

9 fi

2 7

2

a

2.45

2.35

2.25

2.25

9 OK

2

'1

2.05

2.05

2.1

2 n

2

1 e

2.2

2.5

0 A

2.26

Aug.

2.0

1.9

1 0

1.95

2.6

2.6

2.0

3

e

2.5

2.2

2 05

2.95

1.95

2

e

1 9

QK.

QC

7*

7K

1.65

1.7

Sept.

3.2

2.65

2.2

2.1

2.05

1.9

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.65

1.65

1.55

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.56

1.5

Oct.

1.45

1.46

1.4

1.4

1 QS

1.35

1 d.K

1.46

1.65

1.65

1.6

1.45

1.4

1.4

1

0K

I

Oe

1

0

1.3

1.3

1.3

1

0

1

OK

1.25

1.25

1 25

1 26

1 OK

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

Nov.

1.3

1.3

1 Q

1.26

1.25

1.3

1.3

1 Q

1.3

1.25

1 26

1.25

1.25

1

9e

1

9e

1

f>£

1

f>£

1.2

1.25

1.2

1

0

1 9

1 9

1 26

1 Q

1 q

1

*>e

1.55

1.6

1.4

Dec.

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.6

6.4

2.9

2 A

1 9

1 fi

1.7

1.6

, 1.66

1.5

1.5

1.55

1.45

1 4fi

1.56

1.5

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.6 1 9

1.4

1

0

1.6

1.6

i a

2.2
OHIO BIVER BASIN. 145 

, »» second-ftet, of Hiwqssee Ritwr at Reliance, Srnn.^/or 1910.

Day.

1... ............

2.. ....... ......

3...............

4...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9. ..............

10...............

11...............

12...............

1&.

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26........?......

27...............

28...............

29.. .......... ...

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

2,050 i Jj4n

2,050

1,840

1 740

1 640

4,010

4,760

3,460

2,710

2,370

2,160

1 CUfl

1,840

2,050

1,840

1 840

/I, 640

2,370

2,260

2,480

3,600

2,830

2,830

2,710

2,480

2,370

2,260

2,260

2,160 

2,050

Feb.

i fun

1 KM

1,940

2,260

2,950

2,260

2,050

1,940

1,840

1,840

2,260

2,600

2,260

1,940

1,940

1,940

2,050

8,780

5,560

3,870

3,330

3,200

3,200

2,950

2,600

2,480

2,600

2,260

.......

Mar.

5,560

6,590 A. 01 n

4,010

3

Afi(\

O R3fi

2,830

2,600

2,480

2,370

2,480

2,950

2,260

2,160

1,940

2,160

1 940

1,840

1,840

1 940

1 840

1 840

1^740

1,740

1 740

1 fiAA

1,640

1,640

1,540 

1,450

Apr.

\ 1 Azn <

1 450

1 iKft

1,450

1,360

1 4KD

1,450

1,360

1,270

1,270

1,270

1,270

1 450

1 740

1,540

2,050

4 600

5,900

4,160

2,710

2 Ofifl

2,050

2,050

2,050

2,050

2,160

2,260

2,480

2,260

2,050

May.

1 940

1 840

1 740

1 640

1*640

1 740

1,840

9 160

19 nnft

9 (VIA

4,450

3,600

S

OAft

2 Q*Ut

2,710

2 480

2,710

3,200

3,460

3,730

10,700

8 030

8^030

8,780

12,000

7,300

4,450

3,870

3,460 

3,330

June. ,

2 OKA

2

»71 A

3,730

3,080

9 iftn

5,900

4,010

O 0»TA

3 Afif\

4,160

3,870

5,230 A onn

4,300

4,300

3,200

3,080

2

QCA

3,080

3,080

2,830

3,080

3,200

2

QEA

2,480

2,370

3,870

3,730

July.

3,330

3,600

o qqn

4,600

4,010

4,010

6,240

4 910

4,010

3,730

3,600

3

7«SA

4,010

a 7<*n

3,730

3

99A

3 080

2,830

2,830

2

oq/\

2,480

2,370

2,370

2,480

2,260

2,710

3,460

3,200 

2,830

Aug.

2,260

2,050

2,050

2,160

3,730

3,730

2,260

6,590

3

ARf\

2,710

2,370

4,760

2,160

3 460

2,050

2r050

2,160

1 QJfl

1,840

2,260

2,260

1

QJA

1,840

1,840

1,840

1 740

1,840

1,840

1,740

1,540 

1,640

Sept.

5,560

3 R7fi

2,710

2,480

2

OI7A

O AeA

1 7in

1 640

1 640

l'640

1 fiifi

1 Af\n

1 R4A

1,5.40

1,360

1,270

1,110

1,110

1 IQft

1,190

1 190

1 190 ijno

1,110

1,110

1,270

1,270

1,450

1,360

1,270

Oct.

i ion

1 190

1*110

1,110

1 040

1

AJA

1,190

1,190

1,540 1 xdfi

1 450

1,190

1,110

1,110

i fun

1,040

fUJA

Qfin

Qfirt

960

960

1 040

OQA

890

890

890

son

1,040

1,040

1,040 

1,040

Nov. 

QftA

960

fU2A

QQA

QQA

960

960

960

QAA

890

890

' 890.

QQA

890

890

890

QQA

£2Tk

890

820

oon

820

820

890

960

960

890

1,360

1,450

1,110

Dec.

QAA

890

OOA.

820

1 450

18,500

4,600

3,200

2 ACA

1 840

1 640

1 4Kfl

1,360

1,270

1,270

1 360

1 190

1 190

1 360

1,270

1 190

1,190 1 ion

1 450

2,050

1,110

960

1 450

1,450

1,840 

2,710

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from rating curve fairly well defined between 820 and 6,240 secondfeet (gage heights 1.2 and 3.4 feet), and poorly defined between 6,590 and 18,900 second-leet (gage heights 

3.5 and 6.5 feet).

Monthly discharge of Hiwassee River at Reliance, Tenn.,for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 1,180 square miles.]

Month.

March

April....................................

May...... ........... .........t. .........

June.......:............................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,760 

8,780 

6,590 

5,900 

12,000 

9,160 

6,240 

6,590 

5,560 

1,540 

1,450 

18,500

18,500

HiriiTniTm1,640 

1,840 

1,450 

1,270 

1,640 

2,370 

2,260 

1,540 

1,110 

890 

820 

820

820

Mean.

2,400 

2,740 

2,530 

2,080 

4,890 

3,730 

3,480 

2,460 

1,710 

1,080 

941 

 2,100

2,510

Per 

sqnare 

mile.

2.03 

2.32 

2.14 

1.76 

4.14 

3.16 

2.95 

2.08 

1.45 

.916 

.797 

1.78

2.13

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.34 

2.42 

2.47 

1.96 

4.77 

3.53 

3.40 

2.40 

1.62 

1.06 

.89 

2.05

28.90

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A, 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B.

.QCOEE EITUR AT COPPERHIM,, TENN.1

This station, which is located at a suspension footbridge just below 

McCay's ferry at Copperhill, Tenn., near the Georgia-Tennessee 

boundary, half a mile below the Louisville & Nashville Railroad

50017°

i The name of this town was formerly McCays. 

-WSP283 12 10
146 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PART HI.

bridge, and half a mile above the mouth of Fightingtown Creek, 

was established March 21, 1903.

The total drainage area above the station is 374 square miles.

Gage readings are made twice a day in order to equalize fluctuations due to mills above, which, however, are very slight.

No change has occurred in the datum of the staff gage, which is 

located at the right end of the bridge. The lower section is a sloping 

timber.

Discharge measurements are made from the suspension footbridge, 

where the section is excellent.

Swinging or shaking of the bridge during discharge measurements 

may cause some error, but this is not thought to be serious.

Discharge measurements ofOcoee River at Copperhill, Tenn., in 1910.

Date.

Mar. 9

10

July 22

23

Sept. 17

Hydrographer.

M. R. Hall. ...............................................

.....do.....................................................

.....do.....................................................

M. R. Hall..... ...........................................

Width.

Feet. 

153

153

153

153

140

Area of 

section.

Sq.ft. 

460

464

591

581

438

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.25

1.25

1.65 i.no

1.07

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

631

676

915

909

534

Daily gage height, in feet, ofOcoee River at Copperhill, Tenn., for 1910.

Day.

1..... ..........

2...............

3............... 

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9............... io..........\...

ii..... .....

12..............

13...............

14.......... .

15..............

16.......... . ..

17...............

18............... 

19...............

20................

21............... 

22.... ...

23.......... . .

24...............

25............... 

26........ .

27...............

28. ... .

29..........

30..............

31...............

Jan.

0.95

1.0

1.0 

.9

.85

1.45

2.65

2.45

1.8

1.2

1.05 

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.95

1.0 

1.1

1.0

1.35 

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2 

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.15

1.0

Feb.

0.98

.95

.98 

1.2

1.0

.95

.9

.9

.95

1.0

1.1 

1.4

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.8

3.2 

1.7

1.5

1.5 

1.65

1.5

1.4

1.25 

1.2

1 9

1.6

Mar.

2.1

1.95

1.75 

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.25

1.4

1.6

1.4

1.3

1.25

1 9

1.15

1.15

1.1 

1.1

1.1

1.1 

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.0 

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

.95

Apr.

0.95

.9

.9 

.9

.98

.88

.85

.85

.85 

.85

1.05

Q9

1.2

3.0

1.65 

1.25

1.2

1.15 

1.0

1.0

1.05

1.1 

1.2

1 9

1.2

1 9

1.2

May.

1.2

1.05

1.0 

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.3

3.2

2.95

1.9

1.25

1.7

1.65

1.45

1.3

1.35

1.6

1.65 

1.6

3.9

4.2 

3.6

9 71

3.1

3.2

9 Q

2

7C

1 95

1.85

1.8

1.7

June.

1.6

1.6

3.1 

2.1

3.5

3.7

2.55

2.15

2.0

2.0

3.2 

3.0

2.5

2.4

2.2

2 1

2.0

1.75 

1.7

1.7 

2.65

2 7

2.75

1.8

2.0 

1.5

1.6

1.7

2.1

2.05

July.

2.2

2.4

3.3 

2.95

2.8

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.85

2.7

.2.31 

2.0

2.55

2.65

2.25

2.25

2.0

1.95 

1.9

1.85

1.9 

1.7

1.6

1.65

1.6 

1.6

1

C

1 Q

3.4

2.55

1.6

Aug.

1.7

1.7

1.5 

2.2

2.55

2.1

2.5

2.1

1.9

1.65

1.8 

1.65

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.5.

l.tf

1.7 

1.3

1.45

1.3 

1.3

1.5

1.5

1.35 

1.6

1 9

1.8

1.5

1.4 .

3.2

Sept.

4.0

3.1

2.8 

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2 

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.05

1.05 

1.05

1.05

1.05 

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05 

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.55

Oct.

1.0

.95

.9

.95

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.05 

.9

.95

1.0

.9

.9

.8

.8 

.7

.7

.7 

.7

.7

.7

.7 

.65

.65

.65

.7

.7

.7

Nov.

0.7

.7

.7

.7

.T

.7

.7

.7

.65

,65

.6 

.6

.6

.65

.65

.6

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65 

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.68

1.2

1.1

1.1

Dec.

1.1

1.0

......

......

NOTE. Gage heights Dec. 3 to 31 are missing, as observer was unable to read gage because of fire at the 

ferry Dec. 2.
OHIO EIVEB BASIN. 147 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, o/Ocoee River at Copp&rhill, Term.,/or 1910.

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20.......:.......

21...............

22...............

23...............

24....... .......

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

484

508

508

 459

436

758

1,550

1,410

977

614

534

508

508

508

508

459

484

508

560

508

699

614

614

614

614

560

ERA

560

534

587

508

Feb.

498

484

498

614

508

484

459

459

484

508

560

728

560

560

534

508

977

1,940

913

788

788

882

788

728

642

614

614

850

Mar.

1,170

1,080

(U£

788

788

728

728

670

642

728

850

728

670

642

614

587

1B7

560

560

560

560

Kfif)

534

534

508

508

508

508

508

484

484

Apr.

484

459

459

459

459

~498

459

450

436

436

436

436

534

469

459

614

1 TOO

882

642

614

587

508

508

534

.Kfin

614

614

614

614

614

May.

614

534

508

508

508

508

670

1,940

1,760

1,040

642

913

882

758

670

699

850

882

850

2,450

2,680

2,230

1,620

1,860

1,940

1,720

1,620

1,080

1,010

977

913

June.

850

850

1,860

1,170

2,150

2,300

1,480

1,210

1,110

1,110

1,940

1,790

1,440

1,380

1,240

1,170

1,110

945

913

913

1,550

1,580

1,620

977

1,110

, 788

850

913

1,170

1,140

July.

1,240

1,380

2,010

1,760

1,650

1,580

1,650

1,580

1,690

1,580

1,310

1,110

1,480

1,550

1,270

1,270

1,110

1,080

1,040

1,010

1,040

01 Q

850

882

850

850

977

1,040

2,080

1,480

850

Aug.

913

913

788

1,240

1,480

1,170

1,440

1,170

1,040

882

977

882

819

788

788

788

850

913

670

758

670

670

788

788

699

. 850

1 040

977

788

728

1,940

Sept.

2,530

1,860

1,650

788

728

728

728

670

670

670

614

670

642

642

614

614

534

534

534

534

534

534

534

534

534

534

508

508

508

819

Oct.

508

484

459

484

508

614

728

614

587

534

459

484

508

459

459

413

413

370

370

370

O7n

370

370

«>7fl

350

350

350

370

370

370

Nov.

370

370

370

370

370

370

370

350

350

330

330

330

350

350

330

350

350

350

350

350

350

350

350

350

350

362

614

560

560

Dec.

560

508

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a discharge rating curve well defined between 292 and 670 

second-feet (gage heights 0.5 and 1.3 feet), fairly well defined between 728 and 2,150 second-feet (gage heights 

1.4 and 3.5 feet), and poorly defined above discharge 2,150 second-feet (gage height 3.5 feet).

Monthly discharge ofOcoee River at Copperhill, Tenn.,for 1910. 

[Drainage area, 374 square miles.]

Month.

January... ..............................

February. . .............................

March... ................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

August.... ..............................

October. ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,550 

1,940 

1,170 

1,790 

2,680 

2,300 

2,080 

1,940 

2,530 

728 

614

Minimum.

436 

459

484 

436 

508 

788 

850 

670 

508 

350 

330i

Mean.

621

678 

656 

575 

1,160 

1,290 

1,300 

942 

750 

453 

376

Per

square 

mile.

1.66 

1.81 

1.75 

1.54 

3.10 

3.45 

3.50 

2.52 

2.01 

1.21 

1.01

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.91 

1.88 

2.02 

1.72 

3.57 

3.85 

4.04 

2.90 

2.24 

1.40 

1.13

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.
148 SUBFACE WATSR SUPRUF, 1910, PAET HI.

The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made 

in the Allegheny River basin during 1910. The measurements( and 

the computations of the results were made under the direction of 

Geo. M. Lehman, engineer in charge, Flood Commission of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. The results were furnished by the commission 

to the United States Oeological Survey. The velocity determinations 

were made with a large Price cujrnent meter:

Miscellaneous measurements in Allegheny River basin in 1910 

Flood Commission of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,

ives of the

Date.

Feb. 5

7' 

11

16

23

Mar. 2

7

14

21

28

AM. 11

May 7

Feb. 4

12

22

28 Mar. 4

11

Apr. 7

Mar. 1

12

Apr. 8 

May 5

Stream.

.....do............. 

.....do.............

.....do............

.... .4o.. ...........

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.....:.......

.....do.............

.....do.............

Oil Creek... .......

.....do............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do.............

.....do............

French Creek......

.....do............

.....dp............. 

.....do.............

Tributary to 

.....ao. ........... 

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

. ....dp... ....... ..

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............

.....do............ 

.....do............

Locality.

.....do............................ 

.....do............................

.....do............................

.....do............................

.....*>.. ..........................

....,do. ...........................

.....do............................

.....do............................

.....do............................

.....do............................

.....do............................

.....do............................

.....do............................

.....do............................

.....do............................

.....do............................

.....do............................

Carlton, Pa.......................:

.....do............................

.....do............................ 

.....do............................

height.

Feet. 

al.081.6

61.081.1 

c 1,081. 3

d 1,081. 4

ei,m.i

/1. 087.1

9 1,088. 4

ft 1,088. 6

i 1,085. 4

j 1,083.9

* 1,080. 6

11,082.6

1.95

1.30

1.90

4.80

3.90

2^30

1.50

9.45

5.00

2.00 

6.60

Discharge.

8ec.-/.t.

494

341 

326

4ai 775

6,400

8,010

12,120

S ofifl

2,540

2«1

1,220

572

w,215

«665

5,390

4,030

1,320

326

10,200

4,410

977 

5,660

« Feb. 5, regular gage 2.05 feet.

z> Feb. -7, regular gage, 1.60 feet. Measurement affected by ice.

c Feb. 11, regular gage, 1.82 feet., Measurement affected by ice. Flow in mill race about 9 second-feet, 

not included in value given in table.

d Feb. 16,-regular gage, 2 feet. Measurement affected by ice. Flow in mill race about 10 second-feet, not 

included to value given in table.

* Feb. 23, regular gage, 2.62 feet. Measurement affected by ice. Flow in mill race about 13 second-feet, 

not included in value given in table.

/ Mar. 2, regular gage 5.68 feet. Mill race shut off.

g Mar. 7, regular gage 6.80 feet. Current too swift to properly place meter; above discharge probably too

A Mar. 14, regular gage 3.15 feet. 

< Mar. 21, reading at regular gage not recorded. 

3 Mar. 28, regular gage 3.50-feet. 

* Apr. 11, reading at permanent gage not recorded. 

i May 7, permanent gage 2.68 feet. Mill race and log race not running. 

» Feb. 12, measurement affected by ice. 

» Feb. 22, measurement affected by ice.
<m$o

The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made in 

the Ohio River basin during 1910 by A. H. Horton, H. J. Jackson, 

C. T. Bailey, and J. C. Dort.

Miscellaneous measurements in Ohio River basin in 1910.

Date.

Sept is'

13 

Oct. 22

Nov. 29 

29

ApY. 11

8 

July 25

26

Stream.

Little Beaver Biver

Mohican River.... 

.....do.............

Embarrass River.. 

North Fork Creek.

.....do.............

Tributary w 

Ohio River.......

.....do............

MusMngiKn River.

Wabash River....

Embarrass River.. 

Ohio River.......

.....do............

Locality.

about t mile below Bam No. 6 on 

(toe Ohio River. 

At highway bridge just above troHey 

bridge at Smiths Ferry, Ohio. 

At Vfele, Blackwell, and- Buck's

At highway bridge at Greer", Ohio. . .

At highway bridge at north edge of 

Lawreneeville, 111. 

At highway bridge near Oblong,. HI. 

At highway bridge, at Carthage,

Term. 

.....do.............................

0*

Feet. c»>

w

c£5&

W (4

CO

(*) »4".88

64.22

 (>& 

.(Sto&gfr.

 Se&.-ft. 

16

41 

1,688

600-' 

63*

412

37 

' 9,650

8,140

» Water surface 26.84 feet below crack about 50 feet from right abutment, between two boards marked 

with'White paint on downstream side of covered bridge.

& WatePSUrface 46.12 feet below top of hand rail at third post from left end on. downstream side of Highway 

bridge;

c VieW, Bladtweti, aad Buck's gage, about 1 mile below tfto railroad bridge at Fries Junction, Va;

* Wateit sur&ce 21.28 feet below file mark about 2 feet above handrail on fourth upright from riglt en'd 

on downstream side of bridge.

« Watef surface not referenced.

/ Water surface 22.12 feet below top edge of lowest horizontal cross plate on right side of center vertical on 

downstream side of bridge. Reference point is 82 feet from right abutment and 2.2 feet above top of floor 

beam.

9 Water surface 23.91 feet below top of upper channel of handrail 16 feet from face of right abutment on 

downstream side of bridge.

fe United States Weather Bureau gage.

SUMMARY OF DISCHARGE PER SQUARE MILE.

The following summary of discharge per square mile is given to 

allow ready comparison of relative rates of run-off from different 

areas in the Ohio River drainage basin. It shows in a general way 

the seasonal distribution of run-off and the effect of snow, ground, 

surface, and artificial storage. But the most important fact worth 

noting is the almost entire lack of uniformity or agreement between 

any two streams. It indicates that the discharge of each stream 

is a law unto itself, and that all projects dependent upon stream 

flow, if they are to be developed along the safest and most economical lines, must be based on records of stream flow collected with 

great care over a long series of years as near the Llocation of the 

project under consideration as possible.
150 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1910, PAET HI. 

Summary of discharge, in second-feet per square mile, for Ohio River basin for 1910.

Station.,

Allegheny River at Bed House, N. Y . . 

Allegheny River at Kittanning, Pa ... . 

KisMminitas River at Avonmore,Pa. . . 

Blacklick Creek at Blacklick.Pa. . . . . . .

Tygart River at Belington, W. Va . . . . 

Tygart River at Fettennan, W. Va . . . . West Fork River at Enterprise,W.Va. . 

Cheat River near Morgantown, W. Va. . 

Youghiogheny Riverat Confluence, Pa .

Greenbrier River at Alderson, W.Va. .... 

Miami River at Hamilton, Ohio. .........

Embarrass River near Oakland, HI ......

East Branch White River at Shoals, Ind. 

Skillet Fork near Wayne City, HI ........

French Broad River at Asheville,N.C .... 

Tennessee River at Chattanooga, Tenn. . 

South Fork of Holston Rivfcr at Bluff 

City, Tenn.. ..........................

Holston River near Rogersville. Tenn. . . . 

Little Tennessee River at Franklin, N. C. 

Little Tennessee River at Judson, N. C. . 

Little Tennessee River at McGhee,Tenn. 

Tuckasegee River at Bryson, N. C .......

Drainage area.

Sq.m. 

1,640 

8,690 

1,750 

403 

390 

1,340 

750 

1,380 

435 

2,720 

1.340 

3,580 

416

535 

1,540 

4,900 

481 

987 

21,400

828 

3,060 

297 

675 

2,470 

662 

410 

1,180 

374

1

1.52 

2.20 

5.50 

5.46 

5.41 

5.54 

5.13 

5.52 

6.32 

1.14 

2.35 

2.79

1.93 

1.31 

2.39 

1.93 

1.81 

1.64

1.46 

1.42 

2.49 

2.86 

2.47 

2.18 

2.25 

2.03 

1.66

1 Pt

1.34 

1.62 

6.40 

3.52 

3.49 

3.21 

2.76 

3.31 

3.89 

1.72 

2.21 

1.77

.45 

.66 

1.34 

1.36 

2.03 

1.81

1.41 

1.49 

2.52 

2.67 

2.60 

2.36 

2.39 

2.32 

1.81

1

8.35 

6.58 

3.95 

3.92 

1.12 

.93 

.54 

1.88 

2.78 

1.26 

1.78 

2.47

1.11 

1.13 

2.18 

2.20 

2.18 

1.69

1.13 

1.20 

2.98 

3.22 

2.68 

2.49 

2.32 

2.14 

1.75

a«j

3.21 

2.00 

1.54 

1.69 

1.43 

1.02 

.18 

1.45 

1.49 

1.02 

1.40 

.54

.24 

.36 

.64 

.22 

1.46 

1.11

.95 

.80 

2.18 

2.08 

1.91 

1.90 

1.67 

1.76 

1.54

1

3.01 

1.60 

1.04 

1.14 

1.74 

1.42 

.66 

1.32 

1.40 

1.01 

1.01 

.67

1.15 

.95 

.96 

.25 

2.20 

2.10

1.13 

1.24 

4.28 

4.30 

3.49 

3.26 

3.93 

4.14 

3.10

>-» i

0.82 

.83 

1.63 

1.06 

6.28 

4.05 

1.03 

5.39 

4.67 

2.51 

4.29 

.24

.27 

.24 

.26 

.02 

1.91 

1.83

1.45 

1.34 

3>25 

3.26 

3.21 

3.04 

3.02 

3.16 

3.45

I

0.38 

.23 

.40 

.45 

1.03 

.73 

.43 

1.04 

.55 

1.28 

.93 

.32 

2.29 

.75 

1.18 

1.24 

.30 

2.30 

1.98

1.75 

1.53

3.11 

3.12 

2.93 

2.40 

2.95 

3.50

S?

<)

0.20 

.15 

.11 

.12 

.17 

.12 

.04 

.23 

.15 

.68 

.20 

.10 

.78 

.10 

.25 

.26 

.002 

2.22 

1.17

.66 

.86

2.46 

1.89 

1.83 

1.53 

2.08 

2.52

£ 

£

0.61 

.50 

.40 

.77 

.29 

.22 

.58 

.37 

.24 

.94 

.46 

.28 

3.66 

.17 

.17 

.29 

.59 

3.52 

1.09

.70 

.99

1.43 

1.49 

b56 

1.31 

1.45 

2.01

 s 

o

0.44 

.46 

.13 

.20 

.16 

.08 

.07 

.21 

.09 

.85 

.21 

2.33 

.85 

.43 

.87 

2.55 

2.39 

1.58 

.56

.37

.50

1.28 

1.07 

1.24 

.94 

.92 

1.21

g 

K

1.76 

2.21 

.21 

.35 

.38 

.35 

.34 

.46 

.16 

.58 

.17 

.48 

.67

'.31 

.13 

1.03 

.39

.49

.48

.95 

.82 

.92 

.80 

.80 

1.01

1

1.10 

1.43 

1.33 

1.67 

1.46 

f.36 

1.51 

1.11 

1.11 

.71 

.75 

.73 

1.92 

.11 

.33 

.44 

.06 

1.43 

.98

1.27 

1.10

1.53

1.68 

1.66

1.57 

1.78

% 

*

1.90 

1.66 

1.86 

1.69 

1.90 

1.57 

1.10 

1.85 

1.89 

1.14 

1.31 

1.06

".*57 

.65 

1.08 

.79 

1.98 

1.36

1/06 

1.08

2.44 

2.21 

2.11 

2.01 

2.13
INDEX.

A. Page.

Accuracy of discharge measurements, degree

of............................... 15-16

Acknowledgments to those aiding........... 17

Acre-foot, definition of....j................. 12

Alderson, W. Va.,

Greenbrier River at:

description.......................... 77

discharge............................ 78

discharge, daily..................... 79

discharge, monthly.................. 79

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 78

Allegheny River at 

. Kittanning, Pa.:

description.......................... 29

discharge............................ 29

discharge, daily..................... 30-31

discharge, monthly.................. 31

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage height.......................... 30

Red House, N. Y.:

description.......................... 26

discharge............................ 27

discharge, daily..................... 28

discharge, monthly.................. 28

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 27

Allegheny River basin, gaging stations in ... 22 

general features of....................... 25-26

miscellaneous measurements in.......... 148

stream flow in........................... 26-35

Allingdale,W.Va., 

Gauley River at:

description.......................... 80

discharge............................ 80

AUisonia,Va.,

Big Reed Island Creek near:

description.......................... 71

discharge............................ 71

gage heights......................... 72

Appropriations, amount of.................. 7

Asheville, N. C.,

French Broad River at:

description.......................... 120

discharge............................ 120

discharge, daily.....".............. 121-122

discharge, monthly.................. 122

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 121

Authority for investigation.................. 7

Avonmore, Pa., Page. 

Kiskiminitas River at:

description.......................... 31-32

discharge............................ 32

discharge, dally..................... 33

discharge, monthly.................. 33

discharge per square mile............ 50

gage heights......................... 32

B.

Bailey, C. T., work of....................... 18

Beaver River basin, gaging station tn....... 22

Belington,W.Va., 

Tygart River at:

description.......................... 37

discharge............................. 37

discharge,daily..................... 38-40

discharge, monthly.................. 41

discharge per square mile............ 150

Belva,W.Va.,

Gauley River at:

description.......................... 82

discharge............................ 82

gage heights. i....................... 82

Big Reed Island Creek near 

Allisonia,Va.:

description.......................... 71

discharge............................ 71

.... ................. 72

Blacklick Creek at 

Blacklick, Pa.:

description.......................... 34

discharge............................ 34

discharge, daily..................... 35

discharge, monthly.................. 35

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 34

Bluestone River at 

Lilly, W.Va.:

description.......................... 75

discharge............................ 75

gage heights......................... 76

Bluff City, Term.,

South Fork of Holston River at:

description........................ 127-128

discharge, daily..................... 129

discharge, monthly.................. 129

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 128

Bolster, R.H., work of...................... 18

151
152 INDEX.

Brushtown, W. Va., Page. 

Coal River at:

description.......................... 88

discharge............................ 88

gage heights......................... 88

Bryson, N. C.,

Tuckasegee River at:

description........................ 138-139

discharge............................ 139

discharge, daily..................... 140

discharge, monthly.................. 140

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights.'........................ 139

Bnrgin, Ky.,

Dix River near:

description.......................... 95

discharge............................ 95

discharge, monthly.................. 96

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 96

C. 

Carlton, Pa.,

French Creek at:

discharge............................ 148

Carmi, 111.,

Little Wabash River at:

description.......................... Ill

discharge............................ Ill

gage heights......................... 112

Carre, O. de, work of........................ 18

Carthage, Tenn.,

Cumberland River at:

discharge............................ 149

Casselman River at 

Confluence, Pa.:

description.......................... 56

gage heights......................... 57

Cavallo, Ohio,

Mohican River at:

discharge............................ 149

Chattanooga, Tenn., 

Tennessee River at:

description........................ 124-125

discharge............................ 125

discharge, daily..................... 126

discharge, monthly.................. 126

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 125

Cheat River near 

Morgantown, W. Va.:

description.......................... 50-52

discharge, daily.^................... 53

discharge, monthly.................. 53

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 52

Cherry River at 

Richwood, W. Va.:

description.......................... 83

discharge............................ 83

gage heights......................... 83

Clay City, 111.,

Little Wabash River near;

description........................ 108-109

discharge............................ 109

...................... 109

Clendenin, W. Va., 

Elk River at:

description.......................... 87

discharge............................ 87

gage heights......................... 87

Coal River at 

Brushtown, W. Va.:

description.......................... 88

discharge............................ 88

Tornado, W. Va.: 

description... 

discharge.....

Coal River basin, gaging stations in. 

Confluence, Pa.,

Casselman River at:

description.................. ................... 56

................... 57

Laurel Hill Creek at:

description.......................... 57-58

gage heights.. ........................ 58

Youghiogheny River at:

description.......................... 54

discharge, daily..................... 55

discharge, monthly.................. 56

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 55

Cooperation, credit for....................... 17

Cooperative data, use of..................... 17

Copperhill, Tenn., 

Ocoee River at:

description........................ 145-146

discharge............................ 146

discharge, daily...................... 147

discharge, monthly.................. 147

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 146

Copper Valley, Va., 

Little River near:

description.......................... 72

discharge............................ 72

gage heights.......................... 73

Covert, C. C., work of....................... 17

Crumpler, N. C.,

North Fork of New River near:

description.......................... 69

discharge............................ 69

gage" heights......................... 70

South Fork of New River near:

description.......................... 63

discharge............................ 64

gage heights......................... 64

Cumberland River at 

Carthage, Tenn.:

discharge............................ 149

Cumberland River basin, gaging station in... 24 

Current meters, use of....................... 15

views of................................. 15

Current-meter stations, views of............. 14

D.

Data, explanation of......................... 13

field methods used in collection of'. ...... 15-16

use of.........../........................ 16-17

Dean, H. J., work of......................... 18
INDEX.

Definition of terms.......................... 11-12

Discharge, definition of...................... 11-12

Discharge measurements, accuracy of....".... 15-16

nature pf................................. 13-15

Dix River near 

Burgin, Ky.:

description.......................... 95

discharge ........................... 95

discharge, monthly.................. 96

discharge per square mile............ 150

Dort, J. C., work of..... 

Draiaage basins, list of.

E.

Elk Elver at 

Qendenin, W. Va.: 

description..... 

discharge......

Gassaway, W. Va.: 

description..... 

discharge.......

18

...................... 80

Webster Springs, W. Va.:

description.......................... 85

discharge............................ 85

gage heights......................... 85

Elk River basin, gaging stations in.......... 23

Embarrass River at or near 

Lawrencevllle, HI.:

discharge............................ 149

Oakland, HI.:

description........................ 100-101

discharge............................ 101

discharge, daily...................... 102

discharge monthly................... 102

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 101

St. Marie, HI.:

description........................ 102-103

discharge......................:..... 103

discharge, daily....................... 104

discharge, monthly.................. 105

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 103

Embarrass River basin, gaging stations in... 23 

general features of...................... 99-100

stream flow in......................... 100-105

Enterprise, W. Va., 

West Fork River at:

description.......................... 45-46

discharge............................ 46

discharge, daily...................... 47-48

discharge, monthly.................. 49

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 46

s, list of.......................... 12-13

F.

Fayette, W. Va., 

New River at: 

description, 

discharge...

Fetterman, W. Va., F&ge.

Tygart River at:

description.......................... 42

discharge............................ 42

discharge,daily...................... 43-44

discharge, monthly.................. 45

dischargepef square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 42

Franklin, N. C.,

Little Tennessee River near:

description........................ 132-133

discharge............................ 133

discharge, daily...................... 134

discharge, monthly.................. 184

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 133

French Broad River at 

Asheville, N. C.:

description.......................... 12ft

discharge............................ 125

discharge, daily.................... 121-122

discharge, monthly.................. 122

discharge per square mite............ 150

gage heights......................... 121

French Broad River basin, gaging stations in. 24

general features of..................... 117-119

stream flow in......................... 120-122

French Creek at 

Carlton, Pa.:

discharge............................ 148

G.

Gage heights, readings of.................... 13-14

Gaging stations, list of, in Ohio basin......... 22-24

views of................................. 14

Gassaway, W. Va., 

Elk River at:

description...............:.......... 86

. discharge............................ 86

Ganley River at or nearAllingdale, W. Va.: 

description......

discharge........

Belva, W. Va.: 

description, 

discharge...

Summersville, W. Va.: 

description.........

discharge...........

Gatiley River basin, gaging statiorisin......

Golden Gate, 111.,

Little Wabash River near:

description: ......................... 110

discharge............................ 110

gage heights..,...........:........ 1W-114

Grahams Forge, Va., 

Reed Creek at:

description.......................... 70

discharge............................ 70

gage heights i................ v ..,..'.. 71

Grayson, Va.,

New River near:

description.......................... 64

discharge ...................^....... 64,149

...................... 65
154 INDEX.

Greenbrier River at or near Page. 

Alderson, W. Va.:

description.......................... 77

discharge............................ 78

discharge, daily_................... 79

discharge, monthly.................. 79

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 78

Greenbrier River near 

Marlinton, W. Va.:

.description.......:.................. 76

discharge............................ 76

gage heights......................... 77

Greer, Ohio,

Mohican River at:

discharge............................ 149

H.

Hall, M. R., work of....................... 18

Hamilton, Ohio, 

Miami River at:

description.......................... 92

discharge............................ 92

discharge,daily...................... 93-94

discharge, monthly.................. 94

discharge per square mile............ 160

gage heights......................... 93

Hanson, R. A., work of...................... 18

Hiwassee River at or near 

Murphy, N. C.:

description........................ 141-142

discharge............................ 142

discharge, daily...................... 143

discharge, monthly.................. 143

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 142

Reliance, Tenn.:

description.......................... 144

discharge............................ 144

discharge, daily...................... 145

discharge, monthly.................. 145

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 144

Hiwassee River basin, gaging stations in..... 24

general features of....................... 141

stream flow in......................... 141-147

Holston River basin, gaging stations in...... 24

general features of....................... 127

stream flow in. ........*................ 127-131

Holston River near 

Rogersville, Tenn.:

description.......................... 130

discharge, daily...................... 131

discharge, monthly.................. 131

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 130

Holston River, South Fork, at 

Bluff City, Term.:

description........................ 127-128

discharge, daily...................... 129

discharge, monthly.................. 129

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 128

Horton, A. H., work of....................... 18

Hoyt,W.G.,workof........................ 17

I.

Investigations, authority for................. 7

scope of.................................. 7-8

J. Page. 

Jackson, H. J., work of.................... 18

Judson, N. C.:

Little Tennessee River, at 

description........................ 134-135

discharge............................ 135

discharge, daily...................... 136

discharge, monthly.................. 136

discharge per square mile............. 150

gage heights......................... 135

K.

Kanawha River basin, gaging stations in.... 22-23

general features of....................... 61-63

stream flow in........................... 63-90

Kentucky River basin, gaging stations in... 23 

stream flow in........................... 95-96

Kiskiminitas River at 

Avonmore, Pa.:

description.......................... 31-32

discharge............................ 32

discharge, daily..................... 33

discharge, monthly.................. 33

discharge per square mile............. 150

 gage heights......................... 32

Kittanning, Pa.,

Allegheny River at:

description.......................... 29

discharge............................ 29

discharge,daily...................... 30-31

discharge, monthly.................. 31

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 30

Knoxville, Tenn., 

Tennessee River at:

description.......................... 123

...................... 124

L.

Larrison, G. K., work of................... 18

Laurel Hill Creek at 

Confluence, Pa.:

description.......................... 57-58

Lawrenceville, 111., 

Embarrass River at:

discharge............................ 149

Lilly, W. Va.,

Bluestone River at:

description.......................... 75

discharge............................ 75

gage heights......................... 76

Little Beaver River at 

Smith's Ferry, Ohio:

discharge............................ 149

Little River nearCopper Valley, Va.:

description.......................... 72

discharge............................ 72

gage heights......................... 73

Little Tennessee River at or nearFranklin, N. C.:

description........................ 132-133

discharge............................ 133

discharge, daily...................... 134

discharge, monthly.................. 134

discharge per square mile............ 150

....................... 133
INDEX. 155

Little Tennessee River at or near Con. Page.

Judaon, N. C.:

description.........'.............. 134-135

discharge............................ 135

discharge, daily...................... 138

discharge, monthly.................. 138

discharge per square mile............. 150

gage heights......................... 135

McGhee, Tenn.:

description........................ 136-137

discharge, daily...................... 138

discharge, monthly.................. 138

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 137

Little Tennessee River basin, gaging stations

in.............................. 24

general features of....................... 132

stream flow in......................... 132-140

Little Wabash River at or near 

Carmi,Ill.:

description.......................... Ill

discharge............................ Ill

gage heights......................... 112

Clay City, 111.:

description............."........... 108-109

discharge............................ 109

gage heights......................... 109

Golden Gate, HI.:

description.......................... 110

discharge............................ 110

gage heights....................... 110-111

Little Wabash River basin, gaging stations in. 23

general features of....................... 108

stream flow in......................... 108-116

M.

McChristy, M. E., work of.................. 18

McGhee, Tenn.,

Little Tennessee River at:

description........................ 136-137

discharge,daily................. v ... 138

( discharge, monthly.................. 138

discharge per square mile........... 150

gage heights......................... 137

McMUlan, A., work of....................... 18

Marlinton, W. Va.,

Greenbrier River near:

description.......................... 76

discharge............................ 76

gage heights......................... 77

Mathers, J. G., work of...................... is

Meadow River near 

Russeuvffle,W.Va.:

description.......................... 84

discharge............................ 84

gageheights......................... 84

Miami River at 

Hamilton, Ohio:

description.......................... 92

discharge............................ 92

discharge,daily..................... 93-94

discharge, monthly.................. 94

discharge per square mile........... 150

Miami River basin, gaging stations in....... 23

general features of....................... 91-92

stream flow in.........................

Mill Shoals, HI., Page. 

Skillet Fork near:

description.......................... 115

discharge............................ 115

gageheights....................... 115-118

Miscellaneous measurements In 

Allegheny River basin.................. 148

Ohio River .basin..-.---.-.-..----... 148-149

Mohican River at 

Cavallo, Ohio:

discharge............................ 149

Greer, Ohio:

discharge......... ............. 149

Pomerene, Ohio:

description.......................... 61

discharge............................ 81

gage heights.......................... 61

Monk, P. S., work of........................ 18

Monongahela River basin, gaging stations in. 22 

general features of....................... 36-37

stream flow in........................... 37-58

Morgantown, W. Va., 

Cheat River near:

description.......................... 50^52

discharge, daily..................... 53

discharge, monthly.................. 53

discharge per square mile........... 150

gage heights......................... 52

Mount Carmel, El., 

Wabash River at:

description.......................... 98

discharge............................ 99

Murphy, N. C.,

Hiwassee River at:

description........................ 141-142

discharge............:............... 142

discharge, daily...................... 143

discharge, monthly.................. 143

discharge per square mile........... 150

gage heights......................... 142

Muskingum River at 

Zanesville, Ohio:

description.......................... 60

gageheights......................... CO

Muskingum River basin, gaging stations in.. 22

general features of....................... 58- 0

stream flow in........................... 60-61

N. 

Narrows, Va.,

Wolf Creek near:

description........................... 74

discharge............................ 74

gage heights......................... 75

Nebraska, Pa.,

Tionesta Creek at:

discharge............................ 148

New River at or near 

Fayette, W. Va.:

description.......................... 68

discharge............................ 68

gageheights......................... 69

Grayson, Va.:

description.......................... 64

discharge........................... 65,149

gageheights....._................. 65
New Elver at or near Continued. 

Radford, Va.:

description.......................... 65-66

discharge............................ 66

' discharge, daily. ...........'......... 67

discharge, monthly.................. 67

discharge per square mile............ 160

gage heights......................... 66

New River, North Fork, near: 

Grumpier, N. C.:

description.......................... 69

discharge............................. 69

gage heights......................... 70

New River, South Fork, near: 

Grumpier, N. C.:

description.......................... 63

discharge............................ 64

gage heights.......'.................. 64'

New River basin, gaging stations in......... 22-23'

general features of....................... 61-62

stream flow in........................... 63-80

North Fork Creek nearOblong, 111.:

discharge............................ 149

O. 

QsUdand, 111.,

Embarrass River nea£

description........................ 100-101

discharge............................ 101

discharge, daily..................... 102

discharge, monthly.................. 102

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 101

Oblong, 111.,

North Fork Creek near:

discharge............................ 149

Otttfee River at 

Copperhill, Tenn.:

description........................ 145-146

discharge............................ 146

discharge, daily..................... 147

discharge, monthly.................. 147

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 146

Ohio River basin, gaging stations i«........... 22-24

discharge per square mile in........... 149*-15»

general features of................... 1... 18-22

miscellaneous measurements in......... 148-149

topography of........................... 18-19

tributary basins of, str&am flow in_... 25-150 

Oil Creek at 

Rouseville, Pa.:

discharge.................-.-.......... 148

P.

Padgett, H. D., work of. 

Pocotaligo River at 

Sissonville, W. Va.:

description......

discharge........

Poeotaligo River basin, gaging statfftfftfiS.. 

Fotoerene, Ohio, 

Mohican River at:

description..........................

discharge...................... . -....

gage heights.........................

Publications, lists of......................... 8-11

File* meters, views of....................... 15

R.

Raccoon Creek nearmouth:

discharge............................ 149

Radford, Va., 

New River at:

description.......................... 65-66

discharge............................ 66

discharge, daily..................... 67

discharge, monthly.................. 67

discharge per square mile............ 150

Rating curves and tables, accuracy of....... 15-16

construction of.......................... 14

Red House, N. Y., 

Allegheny River at:

description.......................... 26

discharge............................ 27

discharge, daily..................... 28

discharge, monthly.................. 28

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 27

Reed Creek at 

Grahams Forge, Va.:

description.......................... 70

discharge............................ 70

gage heights......................... 71

Reliance, Term.,

Hiwassee River near:

description.......................... 144

discharge............................ 144

discharge, daily..................... 145

discharge, monthly.................. 146

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 144

Richwood, W. Va., 

Cherry River at:

description.......................... 83

discharge............................ 83

gage heights......................... 83

Rogersville, Tenn., 

Holston River near:

description.......................... 130

discharge, daily..................... 131

discharge, monthly.................. 131

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 130'

Rouseville, Pa., 

Oil Creek at:

discharge............................ 148

R"un-off, definition of........................ 12

Russellville, W. Va., 

Meadow River near:

description.......................... 84

discharge............................ 84

...................... 84

841 Marie, HI.,

Embarrass Riv*» St:

description......................... 102-103

discharge............................. HMt

discharge, daily..................... 104

s, monthly.................. 105
St. Marie, HI. Continued. Page. 

Embarrass River at Continued.

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 103

Second-foot, definition of.................... 21

Shoals, Ind.,

East Branch of White River at:

description ....................... 105-106

discharge............................ 106

discharge, daily..................... 107

discharge, monthly.................. 107

discharge per square mile........... 150

gage heights......................... 106

Sissonville, W. Va., 

Pocotaligo River at:

description.......................... 90

discharge............................ 90

Skillet Fork near 

Mill Shoals, 111.:

description.......................... 115

discharge............................ 115

gage heights....................... 115-116

Wayne City, 111.:

description.......................... 112

discharge............................ 113

discharge, daily..................... 114

discharge, monthly.................. 114

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 113

Smiths Ferry, Ohio,

Little Beaver River at:

discharge............................ 149

Staffordsville, Va., 

Walker Creek at:

description.......................... 73

discharge............................ 73

gage heights......................... 74

Stevens, G. C., work of...................... 18

Stream measurement, accuracy of........... 15-16

Summersville, W. Va., 

Gauley River near:

description.......................... 81

...................... 81

...................... 81

T. 

Tables, explanation of....................... 13-14

Tennessee River at ' 

Chattanooga, Term.:

description........................ 124-125

discharge............................ 125

discharge, daily..................... 126

discharge, monthly.................. 126

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 125

Knoxville, Term.:

description.......................... 123

gage heights......................... 124

Tennessee River basin, gaging stations in.... 24

general features of..................... 116-120

stream flow in......................... 120-147

Terms, definitions of......................... 11-12

Thomas,F. P.,workof...................... 18

Tionesta Creek at 

Nebraska, Pa.:

discharge............................ 148

Tornado, W. Va., 

Coal River at: 

description.

discharge...

Tuckasegee River «t 

Bryson, N. C.:

description........................ 138-139

discharge-........................... M9

discharge, daily...............'!...... 140

discharge, monthly.................. Vto

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 139

Tuttle, A. H., work of....................... 18

Tygart River at 

Belington, W. Va.:

description.......................... 37

discharge............................ 37

discharge,daily...................... 38-40

discharge, monthly.................. 41

discharge per square mile............ 137

gage heights..........:.............. 38

Fetterman, W. Va.:

description.......................... 42

discharge............................ 42

discharge,daily...................... 43-44

discharge, monthly.................. 45

discharge per square mile............ 150

...................... 42

W. 

Wabash River at 

Mount Carmel, 111.:

description.......................... 98

discharge............................ 99

gage heights......................... 99

Wabash River basin, gaging stations in...... 23

general features of....................... 97-98

stream flow in.......................... 98-116

Walker Creek at 

Staffordsville, Va.:

description.......................... 73

discharge............................ 73

gage heights......................... 74

Walters, M. I., work......................... 18

Wayne City, HI.,

Skillet Fork River near: '

description.......................... 112

discharge............................ 113

discharge, daily...................... 114

discharge, monthly.................. 114

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 113

Webster Springs, W. Va., 

Elk River at:

description.......................... 85

gageheights.. ..................... 85

West Fork River at « 

Enterprise, W.Va.:

description. .......................... 45-46

discharge. ........................... 46

discharge, daily... ................... 47-48

discharge, monthly.................. 49

discharge per square mile. ........... 150
158 INDEX.

White River, East Branch, at 

Shoals, Ind.: Page, 

description........................ 105-106

discharge.,.......................... 106

discharge, daily...................... 107

discharge, monthly.................. 107

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 106

White River basin, gaging station in......... 23

stream flow in......................... 105-107

Wolf Creek nearNarrows, Va.:

description.......................... 74

discharge............................ 74

gage heights......................... 75

Wood, B. D., work of....................... 18

Work, division of............................ 17-18

Y.

Page.

Youghiogheny River at 

Confluence, Pa.:

description.......................... 64

discharge, daily...................... 55

discharge, monthly.................. 56

discharge per square mile............ 150

gage heights......................... 55

Z. 

Zanesville, Ohio,

MusMngum River at:

description.......................... 60

...................... 60

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