s s

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

ilEORGE OTIri SMITH, DIKECTOE

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 305

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1911

PART V. HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER

PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF M. O. LEIGHTON

BY

ROBERT FOLLANSBEE, A. H. HORTON 

AND H. J. JACKSON

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1913
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEOEGE OTIS SMITH, DIKECTOK

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 305

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1911

PART V. HUDSON BAY AND UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER

PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF M. O. LEIGHTON

BY

ROBERT FOLLANSBEE, A. H. HORTON 

AND H. J. JACKSON

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

1913
CONTENTS.

Page.

Authority for investigations. .............................................. 7

Publications.............................................................. 8

Definition of terms. ...................................................... , 10

Convenient equivalents.................................................... 11

Explanation of data...................................................... 12

Accuracy and reliability of field data and comparative results............... 14

Cooperation and acknowledgments......................................... 15

Division of work.......................................................... 16

Hudson Bay drainage area in the United States.............................. 16

St. Mary Eiver basin.................................................. 16

St. Mary Eiver near Babbk, Mont.................................. 16

St. Mary Eiver below Swiftcurrent Creek, at Babb, Mont............ 19

St. Mary Eiver near Cardston, Alberta.............................. 21

Eed Eiver basin.......... v........................................... 23

Otter Tail Eiver near Fergus Falls, Minn.......................... 23

Red Eiver at Fargo, N. Dak....................................... 25

Eed Eiver at Grand Forks, N. Dak................................. 27

Pelican Eiver near Fergus Falls, Minn............................. 30

Wild Eice Eiver at Twin Valley, Minn............................. 31

Devils Lake near Devils Lake, N. Dak............................. 34

Eed Lake River at Thief Eiver Falls, Minn........................ 34

Red Lake Eiver at Crookston, Minn................................ 36

Thief Eiver near Thief Eiver Falls, Minn.......................... 39

Clearwater Eiver at Eed Lake Falls, Minn.........../.............. 41

South Branch of Two Rivers at Hallock, Minn....................... 43

Pembina Eiver at Neche, N. Dak................................. 45

West Branch of Eoseau Eiver near Malung, Minn .................. 48

Mouse Eiver at Minot, N. Dak.................................... 49

Evaporation at University, N. Dak. ............................... 52

Eainy Eiver basin..................................................... 53

Eainy Eiver at International Falls, Minn........................... 53

Rainy Lake at Ranier, Minn...................................... 60

Little Fork Eiver at Little Fork, Minn.........'.................,.. 60

Big Fork Eiver at Big Falls, Minn.................................. 62

Vermilion Eiver below Lake Vermilion, near Tower, Minn.......... 64

Upper Mississippi Eiver drainage basins.................................... 65

Mississippi Eiver above Sandy Eiver, near Libby, Minn................. 65

Mississippi Eiver at Anoka, Minn........................................ 67

Mississippi Eiver at St. Paul, Minn.................................... 69

Sandy Eiver below Sandy Lake Eeservoir, Minn........................ 72

Pine Eiver below Pine Eiver Reservoir, Minn.......................... 73

Crow Wing Eiver at Nimrod, Minn..................................... 75

Crow Wing Eiver at Pillager, Minn..................................... 77

3
4 CONTENTS.

Upper Mississippi River drainage basins Continued. Page.

Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn.................................. 79

Sauk River near St. Cloud, Minn...................................... 81

Elk River near Big Lake, Minn....................................... 83

Crow River at Rockford, Minn........................................ 85

South Fork of Crow River near Rockford, Minn.......................... 87

Rum River at Onamia, Minn.......................................... 89

Rum River at Cambridge, Minn....................................... 92

Minnesota River basin................................................ 94

Minnesota River near Odessa, Minn................................. 94

Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn............................ 96

Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn.............................. 99

Whetstone River near Big Stone, S. Dak........................... 101

Lac qui Parle River at Lac qui Parle, Minn......................... 104

Chippewa River near Watson, Minn............................... 106

Redwood River near Redwood Falls, Minn.......................... 108

Cottonwood River near New Ulm, Minn............................ 110

St. Croix River basin.................................................. 112

St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wis........................... 112

Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn................................ 114

Snake River at Mora, Minn......................................... 117

Cannon River at Welch, Minn......................................... 119

Chippewa River basin................................................ 121

Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis............................. 121

Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis................................ 123

Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn.................................. . 123

South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn................. 126

Root River near Houston, Minn....................................... 128

North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn....................... 130

Wisconsin River near Rhinelander, Wis.................................. 133

Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis......................................... 134

Wisconsin River near Necedah, Wis..................................... 135

Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa................................. 136

Rock River below mouth of Pecatonica River, at Rockton, 111............ 138

Iowa River basin...................................................... 144

Iowa River near Iowa Falls, Iowa................................... 144

Cedar River near Austin, Minn..................................... 144

Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa................................. 146

Des Moines River at Jackson, Minn..................................... 151

Des Moines River near Fort Dodge, Iowa................................ 153

Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa................................. 154

Illinois River basin................................................... 155

Sangamon River near Monticello, 111............................... 155

Sangamon River at Riverton, 111.................................... 157

Sangamon River near Oakford, 111.................................. 158

South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville, 111.................. 160

Salt Creek near Kenney, 111........................................ 163

Cahokia Creek near Poag, 111..... ....................................... 165

Kaskaskia River basin................................................ 167

Kaskaskia River near Arcola, 111... f ............................... 167

Kaskaskia River at Shelbyville, 111 J..........:.................... 169
CONTENTS. 5

Upper Mississippi River drainage basins Continued.

Kaskaskia River basin Continued. Page.

Kaskaskia River at Vandalia, 111.................................... 171

Kaskaskia River at Carlyle, 111..................................... 173

Kaskaskia River at New Athens, 111................................ 175

Shoal Creek near Breese, 111....................................... 177

Silver Creek near Lebanon, 111..................................... 179

Big Muddy River near Cambon, 111..................................... 181

Beaucoup Creek near Pinckneyville, 111................................ 183

Miscellaneous measurements................................................ 186

Summary of mean discharge per square mile................................. 187

Index. .................................................................. 189

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page. 

PLATE I. Map showing mean annual precipitation in the United States....... 12

II. Map showing mean annual run-off in the United States............. 12

III. Typical gaging stations: A, For bridge measurements; S, For wading

measurement.................................................. 14

IV. Small Price current meters....................................... 15

FIGURE 1. Diagram showing distribution of velocity under ice cover, Cannon

River at Welch, Minn......................................... 119

2. Diagram showing distribution of velocity in open channels, Zumbro

River at Zumbro Falls, Minn.................................. 124
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF HUDSON BAY AM) 

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER, 1911.

By ROBERT FOLLANSBEE, A. H. HQKTON, and H. J. JACKSON.

AUTHORITY FOR INVESTIGATIONS.

This volume is Part V of a series of 12 reports presenting results 

of measurements of flow made on certain streams in the United 

States during the calendar year 1911. The reports are listed below:

Papers on surface water supply of the United States, 1911.

Part."

I

II

III

IV

V

No.

301

302

303

304

305

Title.

North. Atlantic coast.

South. Atlantic coast and eastern 

Gulf of Mexico.

Ohio River basin.

St. Lawrence River basin.

Upper Mississippi River and Hudson Bay basins.

Part.o

VI

VII 

VIII

IX

X

XI 

XII

No.

306

307 

308

309

310

311 

312

Title.

Missouri River basin.

Lower Mississippi River basin. 

Western Gulf ofMexico.

Colorado River basin.

Great Basin.

Pacific coast in California. 

North Pacific coast.

o For the purpose of uniformity in the presentation of reports, a general plan has been agreed upon by 

the United States Reclamation Service, the United States Forest Service, the United States Weather 

Bureau, and the United States Geological Survey, according to which the area of the United States has 

been divided into 12 parts, whose boundaries coincide with natural drainage lines indicated by the parts 

of the report.

The data presented in these reports were collected by the United 

States Geological Survey under authority implied in the organic law 

(20 Stat. L., p. 394), which contains the following paragraph:

Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the geological 

survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

The work was begun in 1888 in connection with special studies of 

water supply for irrigation. Since the fiscal year ending June 30, 

1895, successive sundry civil bills passed by Congress have carried 

the following item and appropriations:

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States, and 

for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells, and for the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources.

Annual appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30 

1895................................................... $12,500

1896...........................................I........ 20,000

1897 to 1900, inclusive................................... 50,000

1901 to 1902, inclusive................................... 100,000

1903 to 1906, inclusive................................... 200,000

1907................................................... 150,000

1908 to 1910, inclusive................................... 100,000

1911 to 1913, inclusive .................................. 150,000

7
8 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

In the execution of the work various private and State organizations have cooperated. Acknowledgments for such cooperation 

are made on page 15, and also in connection with the description 

of each station affected by the cooperative work.

PUBLICATIONS.

Measurements of stream flow have been made at more than 2,000 

points in the United States and also at many points in small areas 

in Seward Peninsula and the Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska, and in 

the Hawaiian Islands. During 1911 gaging stations were maintained 

by the Survey and the cooperating organizations at about 1,500 

points in the United States, and many discharge measurements were 

made at other points. In connection with this work data were also 

collected in regard to precipitation, evaporation, storage reservoirs, 

river profiles, and water power in many sections of the country, and 

will be made available in the regular surface water-supply papers 

from time to time. A complete list of the gaging stations maintained 

by the Survey to and including 1910 and a list of the papers relating 

to the water supply of the country has been published by the Survey 

as Water-Supply Paper 280. An index to the reports containing 

stream-flow measurements prior to 1904 has been published as WaterSupply Paper 119.

For each calendar year there has been prepared a report embodying 

the stream-flow data collected during that year, which has been published either as a part of the annual report of the Director, as a bulletin, or as a water-supply paper, as shown by the following table:

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[A= Annual Report; B=Bulletin; WS= Water-Supply Paper.]

Report.

llth A.,pt.2.. .........

12thA,pt.2. ..........

14th A, pt.2. ..........

B131...... .............

16th A, pt. 2...........

B140-. ................

WS 11. ................

18th A, pt. 4. ..........

WS15.................

WS 16.......... ....... \ 

19th A, pt. 4. ..........

WS 27... ..............

WS28.. ...............

Character of data.

.....do.........................................................

Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, ratings, and monthly 

discharge (also many data covering earlier years).

Descriptions, measurements., ratings, and monthly discharge 

(also similar data for some earlier years). 

Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, eastern United 

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River above 

junction with Kansas. 

Descriptions, meaurements, and gage heights, western Mississippi River below junction of Missouri and Platte, and western 

United States. 

Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 

(also some long-time records). 

Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, eastern United States, 

eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River. 

Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, Arkansas River and 

western United States.

Year.

1884 to Sept., 

1890. 

1884 to June 30, 

1891. 

1884 to Dec. 31, 

1892. 

1888 to Dec. 31, 

1893. 

1893 and 1894.

1895.

1896. 

1895 and 1896.

1897. 

1897.

1897. 

1898. 

1S98.
PUBLICATIONS. 9

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey Continued.

Report.

20th A, pt. 4...........

WS 35 to 39. ...........

21st A, pt. 4.. ..........

WS47 to 52. ...........

22d A, pt. 4. ...........

WS65, 66..... .........

WS 75. ................

WS82 to 85. ...........

WS 97 to 100. ..........

WS124tol35..........

WS165 to 178. .........

WS201to214..........

WS 241 to 252. .........

WS261 to 272. .........

WS 281 to 292... .......

WS 301 to 312. .........

Character of data.

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

.....do.........................................................

Year.

1898.

1899.

1899.

1900.

1900.

1901. loni

1902.

1903.

1904.

1905.

1906.

1907-8.

1909.

1910.

1911.

NOTE. No data regarding stream flow are given in the 15th and 17th annual reports.

The table which follows gives, by years and drainage basins, the 

numbers of the papers on surface-water supply published from 1899 

to 1911. The data for any particular station will be found in the 

reports covering the years during which the station was maintained. 

For example, data for Machias River at Whitneyville, Me.. 1903 to 

1911, are published in Water-Supply Papers 97, 124, 165, 201, 241, 

261, 281, and 301, which contain records for the New England streams 

from 1903 to 1911.

Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream measurements, 1899-1911.

North Atlantic coast (St. John 

River to York River) .........

South Atlantic coast and eastern 

Gulf of Mexico (James River

Ohio River basin. ...............

St. Lawrence River and Great

Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River. ..................

Western Gulf of Mexico .........

1899"

35

035,36

36

36

36

*36,37

37

37

»37,38

38, P 39

38,r39

38

19006

47, < 48

48

48, ft 49

49

49

49, J50

50

50

50

51

51

51

1901

65,75

65,75

65,75

65,75

yes, 66, 75

66,75

i 65, 66, 75

66,75

66,75

66,75

66,75

. 66,75

1902

82

072,83

83

*82,83

>83,85

84

j 83,84

84

85

85

85

OK

1903

97

?97,98

98

97

j 98,99,100

99

^98,99

99

100

100

100

100

1904

<*124,«125,/126

/ 126, 127

128

129

} 128, 130

130, 131

} 128, 131

132

133

133,5134

134

135

o Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 contained in Water-Supply Paper 39. 

6 Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, wells, and Irrigation 

in California aid Utah contained in Water-Supply Paper 52. 

« Wissahickon and Sehuylkill rivers to James River, 

d New England rivers only. 

« Hudson River to Delaware River, inclusive. 

/ Susquehanna River to Yadkin River, inclusive. 

g James River only, 

ft Scioto River.

< Lake Ontario and tributaries to St. Lawrence River proper. 

i Tributaries of Mississippi from east.

 ft Gallatin River.

* Loup and Platte rivers near Columbus, Nebr., and all tributaries below junction with Flatte. 

m Platte and Kansas rivers.

« Green and Gunnison rivers and Grand River above junction with Gunnison. 

o Below junction with Gila. 

p Mohave River only.

s Great Basin in California, excepting Trackee and Carson drainage basins. 

r Kings and Kern rivers and south Pacific coast drainage basins.
10 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream measurements, 1899-1911 

Continued.

North Atlantic coast (St. John

South Atlantic coast and eastern 

Gulf of Mexico (James River to

St. Lawrence River and Great

Hudson Bay and upper Missis1905

c 167, 168

169

170

171

172

<* 169.173

174

175, « 177

176, / 177

177

H 177, 178

1906

o 201, 6 202, c 203

OAK

206

207

208

d 205, 209

210

211

213 214'

1907-8

241

242

9-13

244

245

246

247

248

249

250, / 251

251

252

1909

261

262

263

264

265

266

267

268

269

270, / 271

271

272

1910

282

ooq

284

2S5

286

287

288

289

290

291

292

1911

301

302

ofto

304

305

306

307

308

309

310

311

312

a New England rivers only.

6 Hudson River to Delaware River, inclusive.

c Susquehanna River to Yadkin River inclusive.

d Tributaries of Mississippi from east.

e Below junction with G ila.

/ Great Basin in California, excepting Truckee and Carson drainage basin.

Q Rogue, Umpqua, and Siletz rivers only.

DEFINITION OF TERMS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off" or "discharge" is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups: (1) Those which represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miner's inches, and discharge in second-feet 

per square mile; and (2) those which represent the actual quantity 

of water, as run-off in depth in inches and acre-feet. The units used 

in this series of reports are second-feet, second-feet per square mile, 

run-off depth in inches, and acre-feet. They may be denned as 

follows:

"Second-foot" is an abbreviation for cubic foot per second and is 

the unit for the rate of discharge of water flowing in a stream 1 foot 

wide, 1 foot deep, at a rate of 1 foot per second. It is generally used 

as a fundamental unit from which others are computed by the use 

of the factors given in the following table of equivalents.

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 

of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, on 

the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

"Run-off depth in inches" is the depth to which the drainage area 

would be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period 

were conserved and uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used 

for comparing run-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed in 

depth in inches.

An " acre-foot" is equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet, and is the quantity required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is 

commonly used in connection with storage for irrigation work.
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PABT V. 

CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS.

11

The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic 

computations:

Table for converting discharge in second feet per square mile into run-off in depth in inches

over the area.

Discharge 

(secondfeet per 

square 

mile).

1.........

2.........

4.........

5..---....

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Run-off (depth in inches).

1 day.

0.03719 

.07438 

. 11157 

.14876 

.18595 

.22314 

.26033 

. 29752 

.33471

28 days.

1.041 

2.083 

3.124 

4.165 

5.207 

6.248 

7.289 

8.331 

9.372

29 days.

1.079 

2.157 

3.236 

4.314 

5.393 

6.471 

7.550 

8.628 

9.707

30 days.

1.116 

2.231 

3.347 

4.463

5.578 

6.694 

7.810 

8.926 

10.041

31 days.

1.153 

2.306 

3.459 

4.612 

5.764 

6.917 

8.070 

9.223 

10.376

NOTE. For partial month multiply the values for one day by the number of days.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in acre-feet.

Discharge 

(secondfeet).

1.. .......

2.........

3.........

4.........

5.........

6.........

7.........

8.........

9.........

Run-off (acre-feet).

1 day.

1.983 

3.967 

5.950 

7.934 

9.917 

11.90 

13.88 

15.87 

17.85

28 days.

55.54 

111.1 

' 166.6 

222.1 

277.7 

333.2 

388.8 

444.3 

499.8

29 days.

57.52 

115.0 

172.6 

230.1 

287.6 

345.1 

402.6 

460.2 

517.7

30 days.

59.50 

119.0 

178.5 

238.0 

297.5 

357.0 

416.5 

476.0 

535.5

31 days.

61.49 

123.0 

184.5 

246.0 

307.4 

368.9 

430.4 

491.9 

553.4

NOTE. For partial month multiply the values for one day by the number of days.

1 second-foot equals 40 California miner's inches (law of Mar. 23, 1901).

1 second-foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons per 

minute; equals 646,317 gallons for one day.

1 second-foot for one year covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet or 13.572 inches deep.

1 second-foot for one year equals 31,536,000 cubic feet.

1 second-foot equals about 1 acre-inch per hour.

1 second-foot for one day equals 86,400 cubic feet.

1,000,000,000 (1 United States billion) cubic feet equals 11,570 second-feet for 

one day.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 414 second-feet for one 28-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 399 second-feet for one 29-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 386 second-feet for one 30-day month.

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 373 second-feet for one 31-day month.

100 California miner's inches equals 18.7 United States gallons per second.

100 California miner's inches for one day equals 4.96 acre-feet. -

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 2.60 second-feet.
12 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V. ,

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 19.5 United States gallons per second.

100 Colorado miner's inches for one day equals 5.17 acre-feet.

100 United States gallons per .minute equals 0.223 second-feet.

100 United States gallons per minute for one day equals 0.442 acre-foot.

1,000,000 United States gallons per day equals 1.55 second-feet.

1,000,000 United States gallons equals 3.07 acre-feet:

1,000,000 cubic feet equals 22.95 acre-feet.

1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 0.0737 second-foot per year.

1 foot equals 0.3048 meter.

1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers.

1 mile equals 5,280 feet.

1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare.

1 acre equals 43,560 square feet.

1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly.

1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers.

1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meter.

1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds.

1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-foot.

1 horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per second.

1 horsepower equals 76.0 kilogram-meters per second.

1 horsepower equals 746 watts.

1 horsepower equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet.

1} horsepower equals about 1 kilowatt.

To calculate water power quickly: ec -' - x a m ee =net horsepower on water 

wheel realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power.

EXPLANATION OF DATA.

For each regular current-meter gaging station the following data' 

so far as available, are given: Description of the station, list of discharge measurements, table of daily gage heights, table of daily 

discharges, table of monthly and yearly discharges and run-off. For 

stations located at weirs or dams the gage-height table is omitted.

In addition to statements regarding the location and installation 

of current-meter stations, the descriptions give information in regard 

to any conditions which may affect the constancy of the relation of 

gage height to discharge, covering such points as ice, logging, shifting 

channels, and backwater; also information regarding diversions 

which decrease the total flow at the measuring section. Statements 

are also made regarding the accuracy and reliability of the data.

The table of daily gage heights records the daily fluctuations of the 

surface of the river as found from the mean of the gage readings 

taken each day, usually in the morning and in the evening. The 

gage height given in the table represents the elevation of the surface 

of the water above the zero of the gage. All gage heights affected 

by the presence of ice in the streams or by backwater from obstructions are published as recorded, with suitable footnotes. The rating
U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS 301 TO 312 PLATE II

^i'l'y.7/ vlT f^ i [ 4*i 'P .;,*3T\ >-

' - ' -- \ *- 

^f" ^ * LlfempKw f J- - ' ' ~'^ ' ^^ W> T B J ) *£:. H-'--Sc' t ' ; I 1 \ i Q.P -1,^ ( *zJ^; I i^'p * » ' -/\ s " ^£7TA - s^vM M /-'O >-«x v^^Iv 

^|^-M ,'-^ ( ^f rCV^ri ;J V - MAP OF UNITED STATES, SHOWING MEAN ANNUAL RUN-OFF

Blue lines and figures indicate average annual run-off in depth in inches

Prepared by Henry Canned 

mainly from data of the 

United States Geological Survey
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

GEORGE OTIS SMiTH, DIRECTOR WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS 301 TO 312 PLATE

MAP OF UNITED STATES, SHOWING MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITATION 

Blue lines and figures indicate average annual precipitation in depth in inches

Prepared by Henry Gannptt 

mainly from data of the 

United States Geological Survey

and United States Weather Bureau
EXELANATION OF DATA. 13

table is not applicable for such periods unless the proper corrections 

to the gage heights are known and applied. Attention is called to 

the fact that the zero of the gage is placed at an arbitrary datum and 

has no relation to zero flow or the bottom of the river. In general, 

the zero is located somewhat below the lowest known flow, so that 

negative readings shall not occur.

The discharge measurements and gage heights are the base data 

from which rating tables, daily discharge tables, and monthly discharge tables are computed.

The rating table gives, either directly or by interpolation, the discharge in second-feet corresponding to every stage of the river recorded 

during the period for which it is applicable. It is not published in 

this report but can be determined from the tables of daily gage 

heights and daily discharge, as follows:

First plot the discharge measurements for the current and earlier 

years on cross-section paper, with gage heights in feet as ordinates and 

discharge in second-feet as abscissas. Then tabulate a number of 

gage heights taken from the daily gage-height table for the complete range of stage given and the corresponding discharges for the 

days selected from the daily discharge table and plot the values on 

cross-section paper. The last points plotted will define the rating 

curve used and will lie among the plotted discharge measurements. 

After drawing the rating curve, a table can be developed by scaling 

off the discharge in second-feet for each tenth foot of gage height. 

These values should be so adjusted that the first differences shall 

always be increasing or constant, except for known backwater 

periods.

The table of daily discharges gives the discharges in second-feet 

corresponding to the observed gage heights as determined from the 

rating tables.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow, as determined from the rating table, for the day 

when the mean gage height was highest. As the gage height is the 

mean for the day, it does not indicate correctly the stage when the 

water surface was at crest height and the corresponding discharge 

was consequently larger than given in the maximum column. Likewise in the column at "Minimum" the quantity given is the mean 

flow for the day when the mean gage height was lowest. The column 

headed "Mean" is the average flow in cubic feet for each second 

during the month. On this the computations for the remaining columns, which are defined on page 10, are based. (

The field methods used in the collection of the data presented iri 

this series of reports are described in the introductory sections of 

Water-Supply Papers 261 to 272, inclusive, "Surface water supply of 

the United States, 1909." Plates I and II show the average precip-
14 StJEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

itation and run-off in the United States as determined from the 

measurements of stream flow made by the Geological Survey and 

records of rainfall collected by the Weather Bureau; Plate III 

shows typical gaging stations indicating the method of suspending 

the current meter; Plate IV shows current meters 1 used in the work.

ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF FIELD DATA AND 

COMPARATIVE RESULTS.

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily on the natural 

conditions at the gaging station and on the methods and care with 

which the data are collected. Errors of the first group depend on the 

degree of permanency of channel and of permanency of the relation 

between discharge and stage.

Errors of the second class are due, first, to errors in observation of 

stage; second, to errors in measurements of flow; and, third, to errors 

due to misinterpretation of stage and flow data.

In order to give engineers and others information regarding the 

probable accuracy of the computed results, footnotes are added to the 

daily discharge tables, stating the probable accuracy of the rating 

tables used, and an accuracy column is inserted in the monthly discharge table. For the rating tables "well defined" indicates, in general, that the rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; "fairly 

well defined," within 10 per cent; "poorly defined" or "approximate" within 15 to 25 per cent. These notes are very general and 

are based on the plotting of the individual measurements with reference to the mean rating curve.

The accuracy column in the monthly discharge table does not 

apply to the maximum or minimum nor to any individual day, but to 

the monthly mean. It is based on the accuracy of the rating, the 

probable reliability of the observer, and knowledge of local conditions. 

In this column, A indicates that the mean monthly flow is probably 

accurate within 5 per cent; B, within 10 per cent; C, within 15 per 

cent; D, within 25 per cent. Special conditions are covered by footnotes.

Even though the monthly means for any station may represent 

with a high degree of accuracy the quantity of water flowing past the 

gage, the figures showing discharge per square mile and depth of runoff in inches may be subject to gross errors which result from including in the measured drainage area large noncontributing districts or 

omitting estimates of water diverted for irrigation or other use, and 

they should, therefore, be considered as only approximate, particularly for periods of irrigation or of low water. For these errors it is 

as a rule not feasible to make adequate correction.

i See Hoyt, J. C., and others, Use and care of current meter as practiced by the United States Geological 

Survey: Trans. Am. Soc. Civil Eng., vol. 66,1910, p. 70-
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 305 PLATE

A. FOR BRIDGE MEASUREMENT.

B. FOR WADING MEASUREMENT. 

TYPICAL GAGING STATIONS.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 305 PLATE IV

SMALL PRICE CURRENT METERS.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 15

In general, the base data collected each year by the Survey engineers are published, not only to comply with the law, but also to 

afford any engineer the means of examining and adjusting to his own 

needs the results of the computations. The table of monthly discharge is so arranged as to give only a general idea of the flow at the 

station and should not be used for other than preliminary estimates. 

The determinations of daily discharge allow more detailed studies of 

the variation in flow by which the period of deficiency may be determined.

It should be borne in mind that the observations in each succeeding 

year may be expected to throw new light on data already collected 

and published, and the engineer who makes use of the figures presented in these papers should verify all ratings and make such adjustments for earlier years as may seem necessary.

COOPERATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

Assistance has been rendered or records furnished by the following, 

to whom special acknowledgments are due:

United States Engineer Corps, for records of flow from reservoirs in the Upper 

Mississippi Basin.

United States Reclamation Service, for maintenance of stations in the St. Mary B,asin,

United States Weather Bureau, for records of gage heights at St. Paul, Mankato, 

CMppewa Falls, Cedar Rapids, and other points.

Minnesota & Ontario Power Co., and Canadian Department of Public Works, for 

cooperation in the maintenance of the station at International Falls.

St. Anthony Falls Water Power Co., for records of the Mississippi at Minneapolis.

Minneapolis General Electric Co., for records of flow of the St. Croix River near 

St. Croix Falls, Wis.

Kettle River Co., for cooperation in the maintenance of the Sandstone station.

Wisconsin Valley Improvement Co., for gage-height records at Rhinelander, Merrill, 

and Necedah.

CMppewa Valley Railway Light & Power Co., for gage-height records of Red Cedar 

River at CMppewa Falls, Wis.

CMppewa Lumber & Boom Co., for records of gage heights at Chippewa Falls, Wia.

Mr. F. Dearborn, for gage records at Stone City, Iowa.

Iowa State Geological Survey, G. F. Kay, director, for cooperation in the maintenance of gaging stations at Cedar Rapids, Fort Dodge, Keosauqua, and Iowa Falls.

East Side Levee and Sanitary District of East St. Louis, 111., for records on CahoMa 

Creek.

Work in Minnesota during 1911 has been done with State cooperation under the terms of an act of the legislature in 1909 as embodied 

in joint resolution 19, which reads as follows:

Whereas the water supplies, water powers, navigation of our rivers, drainage of our 

lands, and the sanitary condition of our streams and their watersheds generally form 

one great asset and present one great problem: Therefore, be it resolved by the house of 

representatives, the senate concurring, that the State Drainage Commission be and is 

hereby directed to investigate progress in other States toward the solution of said 

problem in such States, to investigate and determine the nature of said problem in 

tMs State.
16 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

The work has been carried on in conjunction with the State Drainage Commission, George A. Ralph, chief engineer.

The State of Illinois cooperates in stream-gaging work in that State, 

the appropriation being under the control of the Internal Improvement Commission, Isharn Randolph, chairman, and, when that commission expired, of the Rivers and Lakes Commission, Robert R. 

McCormick, chairman.

DIVISION OF "WORK.

The field data for the Hudson Bay drainage basin, except in Montana, were collected under the direction of Robert Follansbee, district 

engineer, St. Paul, Minn., from January 1 to November 1, and by 

W. G. Hoyt, district engineer, St. Paul, Minn., after November 1, 

assisted by E. F. Chandler, S. B. Soule", and C. R. Adams, and in 

Montana under the direction of W. A. Lamb, district engineer, Helena, 

Mont., assisted by E. F. Chandler, B. E. Jones, George Ebner, and 

Groric Monley.

The field data for the upper Mississippi drainage basin, except in 

Illinois, were collected under the direction of Robert Follansbee, district engineer, St. Paul, Minn., from January 1 to November 1, inclusive, and by W. G. Hoyt, district engineer, St. Paul, Minn., after 

November 1, assisted by S. B. Soule", C. J. Emerson, and C. R. Adams, 

and in Illinois under the direction of A. H. Horton, district engineer, 

Newport, Ky., assisted by C. T. Bailey and P. S. Monk.

The ratings, special estimates, and studies of the completed data 

were made by Robert Follansbee, A. H. Horton, R. H. Bolster, W. A. 

Lamb, W. GL Hoyt, H. J. Jackson, and E. F. Chandler.

The completed data were prepared for publication under the direction of R. H. Bolster, hydraulic engineer, by Robert Follansbee, and 

H. J. Jackson.

The computations were made under the direction of Robert Follansbee, R. H. Bolster, and H. J. Jackson, by H. D. Padgett, A. H. Tuttle, 

H. J. Dean, G. K. Larrison, O. De Carre, A. McMillan, C. L. Batchelder, 

W. R. King, and M. I. Walters.

The report was edited by Mrs. B. D. Wood.

HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA IN THE UNITED STATES. 

ST. MARY RIVER BASIN.

ST. MARY RIVER NEAR BABB, MONT.

Location. Near dam site 1 mile below the outlet of Lower St. Mary Lake and 1 

mile above the mouth of Swiftcurrent Creek.

Records available. April 9, 1902, to December 31, 1911. The records for this station were published in Water Supply Papers Nos. 85 and 100 as "St. Mary River 

dam site," and in Water Supply Paper No. 130 as "St. Mary River at St. Mary."

Drainage area. 177 square miles.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AEEA. 17

Gage. Chain gage on the right bank of the stream; datum unchanged since establishment.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from cable 300 feet below the gage. In September, 1909, the cable was moved from a point 300 feet farther downstream. 

Low-water measurements are made by wading one-fourth mile above the gage.

Floods. The flood of June 5, 1908, reached a stage of about 9.4 feet.

Discharge measurements of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., 1911.

Date.

Mar. 14

May 3

23

July 17

Oct. 12

Hydrographer.

.....do...................................................................

.....do................................................................

.....do..................................................... ..............

.....do...................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.93

2.25

2.80

4.22

4.52

3.03

2.06

1.82

1.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

o79

515

797

1,840

2,140

990

443

332

686

a Some ice at gage. Gage height taken with level; measurement made by wading. 

6 Measurement made from bridge at United States Reclamation Service camp.

Daily gage height, in feet, of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., for 1911. 

[Carl Giruin, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

0.55

.65

.85

.75

.75

.75

.75

.85

.95

1.05

1.05

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.25

1.25

1.15

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25 

1.35. 

1.35

Feb.

1.35

1.35

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.15

1.05

.95

.95

.85

.85

.85

.75

o.25

.75

.85

.95

.95

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.15

1.15

1.05

.95

.95

1.05

Mar.

1.05

1.05

1.05

.95

1.05

1.05

.95

.95

.95

.95

.95

.95

.95

.95

.85

.85

.85

.85

.85

.85

.85

.85

.85

o<;

.95

.95

.95

05

.95 

-95 

.95

Apr.

0.95

.95

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1 25

1.25

1.35

1 4fi

1.45

1.45

1.65

1.85

1.95 

1 95

May.

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.8

2.95

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3,1

2.9

2.8 

2.7

June.

2.8

3.3

3.4

4.0

4.3

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.2

 4.2

4.2

4.3

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.7

 4.4

4.6

4.6

4.7

4.6

4.5

4.3

4.1

4.0 

4.0

July.

3.8

3.7

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

9 Qt

9 q

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.6 

2.6

Aug.

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.35

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.25

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.15

9 I*

2.1

2 1

2.1

2.1 fin

2.1 

2.0 

1.95

Sept.

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.2

2.3

2.5

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.45

2.45

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.45

9 43

2.4

2 45

2,5

2.55

2.5

2.5

9 4.C

2.4 

2.35

Oct.

2.3

2.25

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.0

1.95

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.7

1 7

1.7

1.65

1,6

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5 

1.45 

1.35

Nov.

1 35

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

.9

.9

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

i «>(.

1.2

1.2

1.2

1 9

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0 

1.0

Dec.

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.85

.85 .8 '

,8

.8

.75

.7

.65

.66

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65

.65 

.65 

.65

a Feb. 14. Extremely low stage due to water being held back by ice at outlet of St. Mary Lake at 

time of observation; mean gage height for day probably greater.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 10 to Feb. 7 and Feb. 

19 to Mar. 3.

70057° WSP 305 13 2
18 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., for 1911.

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14. ..............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24. ..............

25...............

26. ..............

27. ..............

28. ..............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

22

33

62

46

46

46

Afi

62

80

Feb.

80

80

62

62

62

46

46

62

80

80

Mar.

80

102

102

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

62

62

62

62

62

62

62

62

62

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

Apr.

on

80

102

102

102

1fi9

102

102

102

1fl9

102

102

102

102

102

126

126

126

126

153

153

182

213

913

213

278

350

390

390

May.

500

500

500

550

600

650

905

935

995

1,060

995

995

995

1,060

1,360

1,440

1,440

1,440

1,360

1,360

1,280

1,130

1,130

1,060

1,060

1,060

995

875

815

755

June.

815

1,130

1,200

1 680

1,920

2,010

1,920

1,840

1,840

1,840

1,840

1,920

2,190

2,280

2,370

2,460

2,370

2,370

2,370

2,280

2,010

2,190

2,190

2,280

2,190

2,100

1,920

1,760

1,680

1,680

July.

1,520

1,440

1,200

1,280

1,280

1,280 i c»sfi 

1,200

1,130

1,060

995

895

935

935

935

935

935

935

935

935

905

875

815

815

815

785

755

728

700

700

700

Aug.

675

650

650

600

550

550

575

600

600

600

600

575

550

550

550

525

525

500

500

500

500

475

475

450

450

450

450

475

450

410

390

Sept.

370

370

370

500

550

650

650

625

600

600

625

625

650

650

650

650

650

650

650

625

625

600

625

650

675

650

650

625

600

575

Oct.

550

525

525

500

500

475

450

410

390

350

330

330

330

312

312

295

295

295

278

262

262

246

229

229

229

229

229

229

229

213

182

Nov.

182

182

167

167

167

167

167

139

139

113

113

90

70

70

70

90

113

139

139

139

153

139

139

139

139

139

113

113

90

90

Dec.

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

90

62

62

53

53

53

46

39

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

' 33

33

33

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from rating curve well defined between 70 and 2,190 second-feet (gage 

heights 0.9 and 4.6 feet), but poorly defined below 70 second-feet (gage height 0.9 foot). Discharge Jan. 10 

to Feb. 7 and Feb. 19 to Mar. 3 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records. Mean discharge Jan. 

10 to Feb. 7 estimated 100 second-feet, varying from about 85 to 130 second-feet. Mean discharge Feb. 19 

to Mar. 3 estimated 80 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of St. Mary River near Babb, Mont., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 177 square miles.]

Month.

February. ..................

April .......................

May........................

July........................

October....................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

102 

390 

1,440 

2,460 

1,520 

675 

675 

550 

182 

90

2,460

Minimum.

22 

04 

62 

80 

500 

815 

700 

390 

370 

182 

70 

33

o4

Mean.

85.3 

77.3 

76.2 

154 

988 

1,950 

991 

529 

600 

330 

129 

54.0

498

Per 

square 

mile.

0.482 

.437 

.431 

.870 

5.58 

11.0 

5.60 

2.99 

3.39 

1.87 

.729 

.305

2.81

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.56 

.46 

.50 

.97 

6.43 

12.27 

6.46 

3.45 

3.78 

2.16 

.81 

.35

38.20

Total in 

acre-feet.

5,240 

4,290 

4,690 

9,160 

60,800 

116,000 

60,900 

32,500 

35,700 

20,300 

7,680 

3,320

361,000

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C.

o Extremely low minimum due to water being held back by ice at outlet of St. Mary Lake Feb. 14. 

NOTE. See footnotes under table of daily discharge.
HUDSON" BAY DRAINAGE AEEA. 19

ST. MAEY EIVEE BELOW SWIFTCURRENT CREEK, AT BABB, MONT.

Location. At Babb, Mont., about 1 mile below the mouth of Swiftcurreiit Creek.

Becords available. July 14,1901, to October 18, 1902, and May 13,1910, to December 31, 1911. The records at this station for 1901 and 1902 were published in 

Water-Supply Paper 66 as for "St. Mary River at Main, Mont."

Drainage area. 298 square miles.

Gage. The original gage was a staff nailed to a pier of the highway bridge at Babb. 

This gage was used in 1901 and 1902, and was destroyed by the flood of June 5, 

1908. On May 13, 1910, a staff gage was installed on the left bank about 75 feet 

below the old site, and at a different datum. A temporary chain gage was also 

installed for low-water readings. On July 19, 1911, a new chain gage was installed 

on the right bank, about 100 feet farther downstream, and at a different datum.

Channel. Liable to change. -

Discharge measurements. In 1901 and 1902, made from highway bridge; in 

1910, from a footbridge 100 feet above the gage; in 1911, from a cable, 50 feet 

above the gage. Low-water measurements are made by wading.

Floods. Probably the highest stage was reached June 5, 1908. No records of this 

flood were obtained at this point.

Winter flow. Gage heights are affected by ice during the winter months.

Discharge measurements of St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent Creek, at Babb, Mont.,

in 1911.

Date.

Mar. 15

Marr 4

25

July 19<«

Oct. 12

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

W. A. Lamb.............................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

3

Af\

5.13

5.76

7.66

7.60

«5.60

«4.67

«4.55

«3.81

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

a SO

j> i 050

J>l'520

<=3,210

f Q f)Af\

/I 340

c542

KAft

0138

a Ice, measurement made by wading.

6 Measurement made from footbridge.

c Measurement made from cable.

<J July 19, new chain gage installed at different datum from that of gage previously used.

e The last four gage heights above were read on the new gage.

/ Measurement made from cable. New gage installed on opposite side of river. Old gage read 5.65.

t Measurement made by wading above gage.

Daily gage height, in feet, of St. Mary River below Swift current Creek, at Babb, Mont.,

for 1911.

[Carl Giruin, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

4........ .......

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

Jan.

4.0

4.1

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.6

Feb.

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

Mar.

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

Apr.

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.5

May.

4.9

4.9

5.0

5.2

5.4

5.8

5.9

5.9

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.8

5.9

5.9

6.7

June.

6.4

6.8

7.2

7.6

7.8

7.4

7.5

7.4

7.4

7.4

7.6

7.7

7.9

8.0

8.0

July.

6.7

6.6

6.5

6.6

6.6

6.7

6.7

6.6

6.4

6.2

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.6

Aug.

5.4

5.4

5.45

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.25

5.3

5.3

5.25

5.2

5.1

5.1

5.0

Sept.

4.6

4.6

4.6

5.3

5.45

5.4

5.35

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.35

5.35

5.35

Oct.

5.0

4.95

4.9

4.85

4.8

4.75

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.55

4.55

4.5

4.5

Nov.

4.2

4.2

4.15

4.1

4.1

4.1

3.9

3.85

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.9

4.0

Dec.

3.85

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.75

3.75

3.7

3.7

3.7

8.66
20 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent Creek, at Babb, Mont., 

for 1911 Continued.

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22..... i.........

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27. ..............

28............... 

29.-..-.-........

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3 fi

3

R

3.7

3.6

3.7

3.8

3.9 

3.9

4.0

4.1

Feb.

3.4

3.4

3

K

3

K

3.5

3.4

3 A

3 A

3 A

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.5

Mar.

3 q

3.3

3 q

^ 4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3 A

3

K

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5 

3.5

3.5

3.5

Apr.

3.6

3 7

3.8

4.0

4.1

4

0

4.4

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.9

4 Q

4.9

May.

6.8

6.8

6.7

6.6

6.6

6.4

6.4

6.1

6.1

6.0

5 Q

5.8

5.7 

5.5

5.6

5.6

June.

7 ft

7.8

7 ft

7 ft

7.7

7.4

7.4

7.4

7 t\

7.6

7.3

7.2

7.0 

6.8

7.0

July.

5.6

5.7

5

n

5.6

5.65

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.35

5.3 

5.3

5.3

5.35

Aug.

5.0

5.0

4 95

A ne

4 Q

4.9

4.85

4 ft

4 7K.

4.7

4.7

4 65

4.65

4.6

4.6

Sept.

5

0

5.3

5 OK

K OK

5.3

5.3

K OK

5

9

5 OK

5.4

5 OK

5.3

5.25

5 9

5.1

Oct.

4

K

4

K

4 4K.

4.4

4.4

4.35

4.35

4 OK

4 OK

4.35

4 QH

4.3

4 1

4.25

4.2

Nov.

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

3 Q

3.85

Dec.

3.65

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3 ft

4.0 

4.0

4.0

4.0

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to Mar. 3 and Dec. 26 to 31.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent Creek, at Babb,

Mont., for 1911.

Day.

1.. .................

3...................

4...... .............

5...................

6.. ........ .........

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25.. ............... ..

26...................

27...................

OS

29...................

30...................

31...................

Mar.

95

130

170

170

130

130

130

130

95

95

95

95

95

95

95

130

130

130

130

130

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

Apr.

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

170

210

210

170

170

210

210

210

255

300

395

445

495

600

710

770

830

895

one

May.

895

895

960

1,100

1,240

1,560

1,640

1,640

1,720

1,640

1,560

1,560

1,640

1,640

2,340

2,430

2,430

2,340

2,250

2,250

2,070

2,070

1,800

1,800

1,720

1,640

1 W>

1 4SA

1,320

1 400

1,400

June.

2,070

2,430

2,800

3,180

3,360

2,980

3,080

2,980

2,980

2,980

3,180

3,270

3,460

3,560

3,560

3,360

3,360

3,360

3,360

3,270

2,980

2,980

3,080

3,180

2,890

2 Qftfl

2,610

2 4°/»

July.

2,340

2,250

2,160

2,250

2,250

2,340

2,340

2,250

2,070

1,890

1,640

1,560

1,480

1,400

1,400

1,400

1,480

1,480

1,340

1,390

1,340

1,340

1 240

1,240

1,150

1,150

1,100

1 060

1 060

1,060

1,100

Aug.

1,150

1,150

1,200

1,060

1,060

973

973

1,020

1,060

1,060

1,020

973

888

888

805

805

805

765

765

725

725

687

649

614

578

578

KJK

545

K.4K.

512

512

Sept.

512

512

512

1,060

1,200

1,150

1,100

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,060

1,060

1,100

1,100

1,060

1,060

1,020

1,060

1,100

1,150

1,100

1 060

1,020

973

888

Oct.

805

765

725

687

649

614

578

578

512

512

' 512

482

482

451

451

451

451

422

394

394

394

368

368

368

368

368

368

341

341

316

291

Nov.

291

291

268

246

246

246

168

152

135

135

135

135

135

168

205

246

246

246

246

246

246

246

205

205

205

205

205

205

168

152

Dec.

152

135

135

135

135

135

135

135

135

1%

120

106

106

106

93

93

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from two rating curves, one, applicable Mar. 4 to July 18. well defined 

between 130 and 3,270 second-feet; the other, applicable July 19 to Dec. 25, fairly well defined between 135 

and 1,340 second-feet.

Discharge Mar. 1 to 3, and Dec. 26 to 31 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records and records 

of discharge of adjacent drainage areas.

Mean discharge Mar. 1 to 3. estimated, 95 second-feet.

Mean discharge Dec. 26 to 31, estimated, 65 second-feet.
HUDS.ON BAY DRAINAGE AEEA.

Monthly discharge of St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent Creek, at Babb, Mont., for 1911.

[Drainage area, 298 square miles.]

Month.

January. ...................

February. ..................

April.......................

May........................

July........................

August.....................

September. ................

November. .............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

170 

895 

2,430 

3,560 

2,340 

1,200 

1,200 

805 

291 

152

3,560

Minimum.

95 

170 

895 

2,070 

1,060 

512 

512 

291 

135

Mean.

155 

140 

130 

358 

1,680 

3,040 

1,600 

827 

1,020 

478 

208 

99.5

812

Per 

square 

mile.

0.520 

.470 

.436 

1.20 

5.64 

10.2 

5.37 

2.78 

3.42 

1.60 

.698 

.334

2.72

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.60 

.49 

.50 

1.34 

6. SO 

11.38 

6.19 

3.20 

3.82 

1.84 

.77 

.39

37.02

Total in 

acre-feet.

9,530 

7,780 

7,990 

21,300 

103,000 

181,000 

98,400 

50,800 

60,700 

29,400 

12,400 

6,120

588,000

Accuracy.

D. ' 

D. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

C.

NOTE. Monthly mean discharge, January and February, estimated because of ice by comparison with 

record of discharge of St. Mary River above Swiftcurrent Creek near Babb, Mont. See footnotes to table 

of daily discharge.

ST. MAEY EIVEE NEAR CARDSTON, ALBEETA.

Location. At Henry Cook's ranch, about half a mile north of the boundary line 

between the United States and Canada, and about a mile below the mouth of 

Boundary Creek.

Records available. September 4, 1902, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 452 square miles.

Gage. The gage installed when the station was established was destroyed during 

the high water of June, 1908, and a new chain gage was installed July 19, 1908, 

about one-fourth mile below the cable. There is no determined relation between 

the two gages.

Channel. Shifting.

Discharge measurements. Made from a cable one-fourth mile above the gage.

Floods. The flood of June 5, 1908, reached a gage height of about 12.75 feet above 

the old gage datum.

Winter flow. Gage heights are affected by ice during the winter months.

Discharge measurements of St. Mary River near Cardston, Alberta, in 1911.

Date.

May 5

5

June 6

7

- 24

July 18

Aug. 26

Oct. 13

Dec. 7

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

W. A. Lamb.............................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do...............................................................^....

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.87

2.87

5.26

5.14

5.47

3.02

1.75

1.64

a.33

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

1,240

1,280

3,260

3,220

3,610

1,610

698

610

223

a Gage height obtained with level; no ice at #age or below gage.
22 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PABT V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of St. Mary River near Cardston, Alberta, for 1911. 

[Mrs. H. F. Cook, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

4.... ...........

5...............

6...............

7. ..............

8...............

9

10...............

11...............

19

13...............

14. ..............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18............... 

19

20...............

21............... 

22...............

23...............

24. ..............

OC

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

Qfl

31...............

Jan.

1.6

1.45

1.55

2.3

2.55

2.45

2.3

2.35

2.4

2.45

Feb.

2.55

2.6

2.65

2.7

2.8

2.85

2.9

2.85

2.8

2.9

2.85

2.7

2.8

Mar.

2.8

2.85

2.95

2.95

2.65

2.7

2.85

3.25

"3.2"

3.55 

4.0

4.05

4.15

4.0

3.1

3.2

3.15

3.0

2.05

2.2

Apr.

0.5

CC

.5

.6

.65

.5

.55

.7

7K

.75

.8

.8

.95

1.0 

1.25

1.2

2.4 

2.2

2.3

2

C

2.6

2.5

2.5 2.4 V

May.

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.7

2.8

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3 A

3.6

3.7

3.9

5.8

5.4

5.1 

5.0

4.6

4.3 

4.3

4.8

4.9

4.9

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.5

June.

4.3

5.3

5.7

5.8

5.6

5.25

5.2

5.2

5.0

5.5

5.7

5.8

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.7

5.7 

5.6

5.5

5.4 

5.2

5.2

5.4

5.6

5.4

5.5

4.8

4.8

4.6

July.

4.2

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0 

3.0

3.0

3.0 

2.9

2.9

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

Aug.

2.5

2.5

9 Z

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4 

2.3

2.2

2.0 

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.85

1.8

1.75

1.9

2.0

3.4

3.4

Sept.

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.7

2.6 

2.7

2.7

2.7 

2.8

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.4

Oct.

2.35

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.15

2.1

1.9

1.95

1.9

1.85

1.75

1.65

1.65

1.55

1.55

1.45

1.4 

1.4

1.4

1.35 

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.05

Nov.

1.05

1.0

1.0

.95

.9

.9

.9

.85

.75

.75

.7

.75

.85

.8

.85

.85

.8

.9 

1.0

1.05

1.0 

.95

.95

.95

9

Dec.

0.3

.2

.3

.3

.35

.35

.3

.2

.1

.3

.3 

.25

.25

.2 

.2

.3

.3

.3

.2

.15

2 n

2.2

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, Nov. 10 

to 16, and Dec. 16 to 31. On Mar. 22 the observer reported "Ice going out." Gage heights Dec. 7 to 27 read 

from temporary iron rod gage driven in bed of stream, and then reduced to regular gage datum.

* Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Mary River near Cardston, Alberta, for 1911.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9........................... 10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22. ..........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Apr.

177

181

185

177

193

203

177

185

193

213

219

225

225

225

237

237

283

300

398

377

952

842

896

953

1,010

1.040

1,070

1,010

1,010

952

May.

952

952

952

1,140

1,200

1,790

1,710

1,710

1,710

1,710

1,710

1 640

1^790

1,870

2,040

3,811

3,410

3,120

3,030

2,650

2,380

2,380

2,610

2,840

2,930

2,930

1,790

1,640

1,490

1,490

1,710

June.

2,380

3,320

3,710

3,810

3,610

3.260

3,280

3,280

3,190

3,100

3,580

3,790

3,890

3,890

3,800

3,700

3,810

3,810

3,720

3,620

3,340

3,340

3,540

3,750

3,550

3,670

3,000

3,000

2,830

July.

2,470

2,390

2,310

2,230

2,230

2,070

1,990

1,930

1,930

1,770

1,700

1 640

l'580

1,580

1,580

1,580

1,580

1,580

1,580

1,580

1,580

1,500

1,500

1,350

1,350

1,270

1,270

1,270

1,270

1,190

1,190

Aug.

1,190

1,190

1.190

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,150

1,150

1,150

1,070

1,070

1,070

1,010

952

830

830

830

830

746

721

696

772

825

1,740

1,740

Sept.

1,440

1,440

1.440

1,440

1.370

1,370

1,370

1,290

1,290

1,230

1.230

1,160

1,160

1,220

1,220

1,290

1,220

1,160

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,280

1,350

1,280

1,230

1,180

1,140

1,140

1,080

1,020

Oct.

992

963

929

901

846

741

766

741

711

663

con

615

615

570

570

539

517

517

517

496

496

487

487

467

467

467

438

418

418

398

Nov.

398

390

390

371

351

351

351

344

308

280

9<m

210

200

210

240

347

387

426

446

438

418

418

418

398

383

370

355

OAfl

325

Dec.

310

295

280

265

250

235

217

202

217

217

226

226

217

202

190

190

190

180

180

170

170

170

160

160

160

150

150

140

120

110

100

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve fairly well defined between 

350 and 3,600 second-feet. The shifting-channel method was used, each discharge measurement made 

during the year being given full weight. Discharge Interpolated for days on which gage was not read. 

Discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, Nov. 10 to 16, and Dec. 16 to 31 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic 

records and discharge of St. Mary River below Swlftcurrent Creek, near Babb, Mont.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AEEA. 23

Monthly discharge of St. Mary River near Cardston, Alberta, for 1911. 

(Drainage area, 452 square miles.]

Month.

March......................

April.............. ........

May........................

July........................

August.....................

December. .................

The year.............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,040 

3,810 

3,890 

2,470 

1,740 

1,440 

992 

446 

310

3,890

Minimum.

177 

952 

2,380 

1,190 

696 

1,020 

398 

 200 

olOO

Mean.

o!70 

o!50 

o!45 

478 

2,040 

3,470 

1,680 

1,050 

1,260 

621 

346 

195

968

Per 

square 

mile.

0.376 

.332 

.321 

1.06 

4.51 

7.68 

3.72 

2.32 

2.79 

1.37 

.765 

.431

2.14

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.43 

.35 

.37 

1.18 

5.20 

8.57 

4.29 

2.68 

3.11 

1.58 

.85 

.50

29.11

Total in 

acre-feet.

10,500 

8,330 

8,920 

28,400 

125,000 

206,000 

103,000 

64,600 

75,000 

38,200 

20,600 

12,000

701,000

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

C.

o Estimated. 

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.

BED RIVER BASIN. 

OTTEE TAIL EIVEE NEAE FERGUS PALLS, MINN. ,

Location. Threemile Bridge, 3£ miles northeast of Fergus Falls, between sees. 18 

and 19, T. 133 N., R. 42 W., several miles above the outlet of Wall Lake, and 20 

miles below Otter Tail Lake, through which the river flows.

Records available. May 9,1904, to December 31,1911. A gaging station was maintained from May 1,1899, to May 14,1904, by the United States Engineer Corps at the 

outlet of Otter Tail Lake, where the drainage area is about 12 per cent less than at 

the Geological Survey station, with no important tributaries intervening. The 

observations at Fergus Falls in connection with those at the outlet of Otter Tail 

Lake furnish a 13-year record of flow of the river below Otter Tail Lake.

Drainage area. 1,310 square milea.

Gage. Chain attached to the bridge; datum unchanged since establishment.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Discharge measurements are made from the bridge 

except at extreme low stages, when they are made at a wading section.

Winter flow. The river is frozen over from December to March, and measurements 

are made to determine the winter flow.

Regulation. Otter Tail Lake, about 22 square miles in area, forms a natural reservoir, regulating the flow of the river to such an extent that the recorded range of 

stage has not exceeded 2 feet.

On the upper part of the river are a number of dams used in driving logs to the 

sawmill at Frazee, where the lowest dam is built. The next dam below Frazee 

is at Maine, several miles below Otter Tail Lake, about sec. 35, T. 134 N., R. 41 W. 

During the low-water season the closing of the turbine gates at Maine may have 

an effect on the flow immediately below the dam, but small lakes through which 

the river flows before reaching the gaging station tend to equalize the flow at the 

latter point. Below the station there are a number of power plants, but owing 

to the fall of the river their influence is not observable at the gage.

The following discharge measurement was made by W. G. Hoyt and S. B. Soul6: 

December 16, 1911: Gage height, 3.44 feet; discharge, 119 second-feet. Complete ice 

cover; average thickness of ice 0.92 foot.
24 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Otter Tail River near Fergus Falls, Minn.,for 1911. 

[O. Tommerdahl and H. G. Evensen, jr., observers.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4..........

5...............

6. .............. 

7............... 

8...............

9...............

10............... 

11...............

12. .............. is....: .........

14...............

15. ..............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19. ..............

20. ..............

21...............

22. .............. 

23...............

25. ..............

26. ..............

97

9fi

29. ..............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

3.6

.......

3.4

"3." 65"

3.7

Feb.

4.0

.......

4.2

..*.....

"4."6"

Mar.

4.8

.......

4.7

.......

3.3

2.9

2.6

2 7

2 7

2.75

2.8

2.8

Apr.

2 7

2.65

2.7

2.65 

2.65 

2.7

2.75 

2.85

2.85

2.85 

2.85

2

0

2.8

2.85

2

QC

2.9 

2.8

2

0

2.75 

2.75

2

QC

2.8

2.8

2

0

2

0

2.85

2.8

May.

2.75

2

7C

2.75

2.8

2

7C

2.75 

2.7

2.7

2.75 

2.75

2.75 

2.75

2

7C

2.75

2.8

2

0

2

0 

 0 

20

2.8

2.8 

2.75

2.75

2.75

2.75

2.75

2.75

2.75

June.

2.75

2.75

2.75

2.75

2.7 

2.7 

2.7

2.7

2.7 

2.65

2.65

2.6 

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.55

2.55 

2.55

2.5

2.5 

2.5

2.45

2.45

2.5

2.5

2.45

July.

2.45

2 A

2.45

2.45

2.45 

2.4 

2.45

2.45

2.45 

2.4

2.35

2.4 

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.35 

2.35

2.4

2.4 

2.35

2.4

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.4

Aug.

2.35

2.4

2.45

2.45

2.4 

2.45 

2.45

2.5

2.5

2.55

2.55

2.5

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.45

2.5 

2.45

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.45

2.4

2.45

2.45

2.35

2.4

2.35

2.4

Sept.

2.4

2.35

2.4

2.35

2.4

2.45 

2.4 

2.45

2.4

2.45 

2.45

2.4

2.5 

2.45

2.5

2.5

2.45

2.5

2.5 

2.55

2.5

2.5 

2.45

2.5

2.45

2.5

2.5

2.55

2.5

Oct.

2.5

2.55

2.55

2.6

2.55

2.55 

2.6 

2.55

2.6

2.6 

2.6

2.65

2.6

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.65

2.6

2.65 

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.55

2.6

2.55

2.55

2.6

2.55

2.6

2.55

2.55

Nov.

2.6

2.55

2.6

2.55

9 tt

2.55 

2.55 

2.55

2.5

2.55 

2.6

2.65

2.J75

" "i'75"

.......

2.8

3.0

Dec.

3.1

3.25

3.3

3.35

3.35

3.3

" '§.'35

3.4

3.6

NOTE. Ice present from Jan. 1 to Mar. 25, average thickness of ice about 1.5 to 2 feet; and from Nov. 11 

to Dec. 31, average thickness of ice about 0.5 to 1 foot.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Otter Tail River near Fergus Falls, Minn., for 1911.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7. ..........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

19

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

1 C

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

OA

25...........................

26...........................

97

28...........................

9Q

30

31...........................

Mar.

168

201

910

236

236

Apr.

218

201

184

201

184

184

184

201

218

218

255

255

255

255

236

, 236

255

OKK

274

236

236

218

218

236

236

OQfi

236

OK£

236

May.

218

218

218

236

218

218

201

201

218

218

218

218

218

218

218

218

236

236

 236

236

236

236

218

218

218

218

218

218

218

218

218

June.

218

218

218

218

218

201

201

201

201

201

184

184

168

168

168

168

153

153

153

153

138

138

138

124

124

124

124

138

138

124

July.

124

111

124

124

124

124

111

.124

124

124

111

98

lit

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

111

111

98

111

98

98

98

98

98

98

111

Aug.

98

111

124

124

124

111

124

124

138

138

153

153

138

153

138

138

138

124

138

124

138

138

111

124

111

124

124

98

111

98

111

Sept.

Ill

98

111

98

111

124

111

124

111

124

124

111

138

124

138

138

124

138

138

153

138

138

124

138

124

138

153

138

153

138

Oct.

138

153

153

168

153

153

168

153

168

168

168

184

168

184

168

168

184

168

184

168

168

168

153

168

153

153

168

153

168

153

153

Nov.

168

153

168

153

153

153

153

153

138

153

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 25 and 

Nov. 12 to Dec. 31 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurement, gage observer's notes, and climatologic records. Mean discharge Jan. 1 to 31 estimated 80 second-feet. Mean discharge Feb. 1 to 28 estimated 85 second-feet. Mean discharge Mar. 1 to 25 estimated 105 second-feet. Mean discharge Nov. 12 to 

30 estimated 115 second-feet, varying from about 100 to 150 second-feet. Mean discharge Dec. 1 to 31 estimated 110 second-feet, varying from about 80 to 130 second-feet. Discharge Apr. 1 interpolated.
HUDSON BAY DEAINAGE ABEA. 25

Monthly discharge of Otter Tail River near Fergus Falls, Minn., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,310 square miles.1

Month.

April.. .....................

May........................

July........................

September... . ..............

December ..................

The vear

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

274 

236 

218 

124 

153 

153 

184 

168

274

Minimum.

184 

201 

124 

98 

98 

98 

138

Mean.

80 

85 

125 

229 

221 

169 

108 

126 

128 

164 

128 

110

140

Per

square 

mile.

0.061 

.065 

.095 

.175 

.169 

.129 

.082 

.096 

.098 

.125 

.098 

.084

.107

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.07 

.07 

.11 

.20 

.19 

.14 

.09 

.11 

.11 

.14 

.11 

.10

1.44

Total in 

acre-feet.

4,920 

4,720 

7,690 

13,600 

13,600 

10, 100 

6,640 

7,750 

7,620 

10,100 

7,620 

6,760

101,000

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

RED RIVEE AT FARGO, N. DAK.

Location. At the highway bridge connecting Front Street, Fargo, N. Dak., with 

Moorhead, Minn., 10 miles above the mouth of Sheyenne River.

Records available. May 27, 1901, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 6,020 square miles.

G-age. Vertical staff attached to the breakwater for the center pier of the Front 

Street Bridge; read from the bridge or the river banks by the aid of a field glass; 

datum unchanged since establishment.

Channel. Clay and silt; slightly shifting.

Discharge measurements. From the Front Street Bridge and the Northern 

Pacific Railway bridge.

Regulation. There is a low dam of steel sheet-piling a few rods below the footbridge at Fargo Waterworks, one-half mile above the gage. This dam, a tight 

overflow weir without sluices, was built in August, 1910, for the purpose of maintaining a sufficient depth of water for the intake pipe of the waterworks, and 

raises the water ab'out 5 feet at lowest stage. Conditions of flow at the gage are 

not affected by this dam.

Winter flow. The relation of gage height to discharge is affected by ice from about 

the middle of November to the first of April, and during this time observations 

are discontinued. At the spring break-up, on account of the comparatively 

sluggish current and the fact that the river flows northward into a colder district, 

a pronounced backwater effect is usually caused by ice jams and partial ice jams.

Accuracy. Because of the inaccessibility of the gage, the relatively poor conditions 

for making accurate discharge measurements, and the slightly shifting channel, 

the records are not considered better than fair.

Discharge measurements of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., in 1911.

Date.

June 24

Aug. 21

Hydrographer.

.....do...................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

6.70

6.73

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

143

161

NOTE. Measurements made from Front Street Bridge.
26 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., for 1911. 

[Mrs. H. R. Grasse, observer.}

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28

29. ..........................

30...........................

31...........................

Mar.

6.2

6.4

6.5

6.5

6.6

6.7

6

0

6.9

7.0

7.2

7 0

7.7

7 Q

7.9

8.0

8

1

8.1

8.0

8

1

8

1

8.2

7.9

7.5

7.5

7.5

Apr.

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.8

7.8

7.5

7.5

7 C

7.5

8.0

8.7

*Q O

Si 9

8.0

8 A

8.0

8.0

7 Si

7.8

7.6

7.7

7 P.

7.6

7

ft

7.6

7.6

7.5

7.4

7.4

7.4

May.

7.4

7.4

7.4

7.5

7.5

7.4

7.4

7 ^

7 O

7.4

7.4

7.5

7.5

7,4

7.5

7 C*

7.5

7 f?

7 ^

7.5

7 i\

7.4

7.4

7.4

7 9

7 9

7.2

7 9

7.2

7.2

7.2

June.

7.2

7 ^

7.5

8.0

S fl

8.0

7 Q

7

0

7.7

7.7

7.2

7 ^

7 ^

7.3

7 1

7 9

7.0

6.9

6.8

 6.8

6.8

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.6

6.5

6.5

6.6

6.6

July.

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.5

6.4

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.2

6.2

6r3

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.2

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.5

6.4

6.5

6.6

6.6

Aug.

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.5

6.7

6.8

7.0

7.1

7.0

7.1

7.1

7.1

7.1

7.1

7.0

6.9

6.9

6 q

6.8

6.7

6.6

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.6

6.6

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.6

Sept.

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.7

6.8

6.7

6.5

6.7

6.7

6.8

6.9

6.8

6.9

7.1

6.9

6.9

6.9

6.7

6.8

6 q

6.9

6.9

6.9

6.9

7.0

7.0

Oct.

7.0

6 9

6.8

6.7

6.7

7.5

7.6

7.7

7.2

7 1

7 ^

7 9

7.1

7.1

7.2

7 9

7.2

7 9

7 1

7.3

7 1

7 3

7.3

7 3

7 ^

7 ^

7.3

7 1

Nov.

6.6

6.6

7.1

7.2

7.2

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 1 to Mar. 16 and Nov. 9 to Dec. 31.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., for 1911.

Day.

1....................................

2....................................

3....................................

4...................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

9ft

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27......................:....-..-.....

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

ql

Mar.

380

404

428

453

453

428

453

453

478

556

404

309

309

309

Apr.

356

356

356

380

380

309

309

309

309

428

608

504

474

428

428

428

428

380

380

332

356

380

332

332

332

332

309

286

286

286

May.

286

286

286

309

309

286

286

264

264

286

286

309

309

286

309

309

309

309

309

309

309

286

286

286

242

242

242

242

242

242

242

June.

242

264

309

428

428

428

404

380

356

356

242

264

264

264

264

242

221

201

182

164

164

164

116

116

116

131

116

116

131

131

July.

131

131

131

116

102

116

116

116

116

116

90

90

90

90

79

79

90

90

79

79

79

79

79

90

90

90

116

102

116

131

131

Aug.

131

131

131

116

147

164

201

221

201

221

221

221

221

221

201

182

182

182

164

147

131

147

147

147

147

131

131

147

147

147

131

Sept.

131

131

131

116

116

116

116

147

164

147

116

147

147

164

182

164

182

221

182

182

182

147

164

182

182

182

182

182

201

201

Oct.

201

182

164

147

147

309

332

356

242

264

264

242

221

221

242

242

242

242

264

264

264

264

264

264

264

264

264

264

0250

0230

o210

o Daily discharge estimated.

NOTE. Discharge Mar. 1 to 16 estimated, because of ice. from observer's notes, climatologic records, 

and discharge of adjacent drainage areas. Mean discharge Mar. 1 to 16 estimated 90 second-feet, varying 

from about 60 to 130 second-feet.
HUDSON BAY DBAINAGE AEEA. 27

Monthly discharge of Red River at Fargo, N. Dak., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 6,020 square miles.]

Month.

March......................

May

July........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

556 

608 

309 

428 

131 

221 

221 

356

Minimum.

60 

286 

242 

116 

79 

116 

116 

147

Mean.

246 

370 

283 

240 

102 

166 

160 

245

Per

square 

mile.

0.041 

,062 

.047 

.040 

.017 

.028 

.027 

.041

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.05 

.07 

.05 

.04 

.02 

.03 

.03 

.05

Total in 

acre-feet.

15,100 

22,000 

17,400 

14,300 

6,270 

10,200 

9,520 

15,100

110,000

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.

RED RIVER AT GRAND FORKS, N. DAK.

Location. At the Northern Pacific Railway bridge between Grand Forks, N. Dak., 

and East Grand Forks, Minn., about half a mile below the mouth of Red Lake 

River.

Records available. May 26, 1901, to December 31, 1911. Gage-height records 

have, however, been kept by the United States Engineer Corps for about 30 

years at this point.

Drainage area. 25,000 square miles.

Gages. Staff and chain, attached to Northern Pacific Railway bridge; datum same 

for both and unchanged since establishment. As a rule, the chain gage is read 

only during periods of extremely low water. The United States Engineer Corps 

gage is located on the breakwater to which the United States Geological Survey 

staff gage is attached, but at a datum 5 feet higher.

Channel. Clay and silt; shifts slightly.

Discharge measurements. Made from the Great Northern Railway bridge about 

one-fifth mile above the gage.

Regulation. There are no dams or other obstructions below, nor rapids, the channel 

being fairly uniform for miles. Above there are no power plants, dams, or reservoirs affecting the flow nearer than Crooketon, on Red Lake River, 25 miles above 

Grand Forks, along the general course of the valley; about half the water comes 

from Red Lake River, but the storage at the Crookston plant is so small that no 

fluctuations caused by it have been discovered at Grand Forks. On the other 

branch, the Red River proper, and its tributaries above Grand Forks, there are 

no reservoirs or power plants for a hundred miles above.

Winter flow. The river flows under smooth ice from about the middle of November 

to the middle of April; the flow during the winter fluctuates little, and since 

1895 enough discharge measurements have been made each winter to give fairly 

satisfactory summaries for the winter.

When the ice breaks up in the spring, because the river has only a gentle current and because it flows north into cooler regions where the river is not yet open, 

the gage reading is usually excessively and disproportionately high for a few 

days or weeks, so that the figures for quantity of flow must depend largely on 

estimation; actual measurements when the river appeared entirely open and 

clear of ice at this point have sometimes shown the gage reading to be 5 feet 

greater than would have been needed for the same discharge later in the season, 

after the whole length of the river was entirely open.
28 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak., in 1911.

Date.

Feb. 14

18

25

May 13

July 18

Hydrographer.

Chandler and Monley... . .................................................

E . F. Chandler ...........................................................

&,

Feet. 

«4.10

64.11

c4.33

7.13

3.81

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

198

177

235

1,740

542

« Measurement Feb. 14 affected by ice. Mean lower surface of ice=2.60 feet on gage.

& Measurement Feb. 18 affected by ice. Mean lower surface of ice=2.48 feet on gage.

c Measurement Feb. 25 affected by ice. Mean lower surface of ice=2.88 feet on gage.

NOTE. All measurements made at Great Northern Railway bridge.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak., for 1911. 

[J. F. Hayes, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

6...............

7............... 

8...............

9...............

10............... 

11...............

12...............

13...............

14. .............. 

15...............

16............... 

17............... 

18...............

19............... 

20. ..............

21............... 

22. ..............

23............... 

24. .............. 

25...............

26............... 

27............... 

28. .............. 

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

4.1

3.7

3.7

.......

"~3.' 9"

.......

Feb.

3.8

4.1 

4.6

"4.~35~

.......

Mar.

4.5

.......

4.8

" '6.0 '

"8.65'

"9." 45"

Apr.

9

OC

9.42

8.80

8.60

8 40

8.20

7.75 

7.60

7 <;s

7.75 

7 o<;

8.20

8 40

8.90 

9.18

9.02 

8.85 

8.65

8.45 

8.10

7.50 

7.11

7.00 

6.95 

6 on

6.88 

6.88 

6.71 

7.02

6.98

May.

6.75

6.52

6.50

6.39

6.32

6.15

6.00 

5.92

5.90

6.05 

6.10

6.18

6.76

7.05 

6.80

6.58 

6.75 

8.15

8.50 

7.74

7.66

7.68

7.35 

7.00 

6.75

6.50 

6.20 

5.80

5.72

5.80 

5.90

June.

5.95

6.00

6.25

6.42

6.82

6.55

6.40 

6.55

6.80

7.85 

10.10

10.65

10.55

9.85 

8.95

8.32 

7.92 

7.45

7.35 

7.08

7.08 

6.75

6.20 

6.14 

6.10

5.82 

5.60 

5.55 

5.60

5.55

July.

5.58

5.15

5.10

5.00

4.95

4.80

4.60 

4.72

4.62

4.58 

4.62

4.50

4.20

4.00 

3.90

3.70- 

3.65 

3.55

3.42 

3.38

3.22 

3.02

2.92 

2.80 

2.78

2.80 

2.80 

2.70 

2.71

2.62

2.62

Aug.

2.70

2.72

2.80

2.90

3.20

3.20

3.22 

3.30

3.40

3.30 

3.25

3.18

3.20

3.30 

3.42

3.40 

3.45 

3.28

3.00 

2.90

2.82 

2.80

2.82 

2.82 

2.78

2.92 

2.90 

2.82 

2.95

3.10 

3.08

Sept.

3.10

3.20

3.25

3.05

3.00

2.92

3.05 

3.15

3.00

2.95

2.95

3.10

3.00

3.00 

3.05

3.00 

3.25 

3.40

3.38 

3.05

3.00 

2.92

3.15 

3.00 

3.02

3.12 

3.18 

2.80 

2.90

2.95

Oct.

3.00

2.95

2.70

2.70

2.60

2.55

2.30 

2.90

3.00

3.05 

3.10

3.05

2.60

3.30 

3.30

3.20 

3.45

4.00 

3.90

3.90 

4.00

4.05 

4.18 

4.22

4.15 

4.10 

4.00 

4.05

3.95 

3.90

Nov.

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.4

.......

3.5

"'3.3

'"3.0

.......

Dec.

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.8

......

3.5

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 1 to Apr. 9 and O«t. 29 to Dec. 31.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA. 29 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak., for 1911.

Day.

1............................................

1. ................. ..........................

3............................................

4............................................

5............................................

6............................................

7............................................

8............................................

9............................................

10............................................

11............................................

12. ...........................................

13............................................

14. ...........................................

15. ...........................................

16............................................

17............................................

18............................................

19. ...........................................

20............................................

21............................................

22............................................

23. ...........................................

24. ...........................................

25............................................

26. ...........................................

27............................................

28. ...........................................

29............................................

30............................................

31............................................

Apr.

2,020

2.110

2,230

2,330

2,580

2 79/1

2,640

2,560

2,460

2,360

2,180

1,900

1,710

1 660

1*640

1,610

1,600

1,600

1,530

1,670

1,650

May.

1,550

1,440

1,440

1,390

i sfin

1,290

1,220

1,190

1,190

1,260

i QAA

1,550

1,680

1,570

1,470

1,550

2,210

2,380

2,010

1,970

1,980

1,820

1,660

1,550

1,440

1,310

1,150

1,120

1,150

1,190

June.

1,210

1,220

1,330

1,400

1,580

1,460

1,390

1,460

1,570

2

flftfl

3,200

3,500

3,440

3,070

2 fiflft

2,290

1,870

1,820

1,700

1,700

1,550

1,310

1,280

1,260

i i ttfi

1,070

1,050

1,070

1,050

July.

1 060

914

897

865

850

803

744

T7Q

750

7OQ

750

715

634

585

562

518

507

486

4SS

450

419

383

366

347

S44

347

331

333

318

318

Aug.

331

334

<M7

363

415

415

419

434

454

434

424

411

415

434

458

454

464

Aon

380

363

350

347

350

9 Eft

344

366

363

350

372

QQ7

394

Sept.

Q(V7

415

424

388

QQfl

366

388

406

380

070

372

QQ7

380

380

OQQ

380

424

454

450

388

380

366

406

380

383

401

411

347

363

372

Oct.

380

372

331

331

9.11

308

271

363

380

OQQ

397

QQQ

315

434

434

415

464

522

585

562

562

585

597

629

639

622

609

585

550

525

500

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 475 and 10,000 second-feet. 

Discharge Jan. 1 to Apr. 9 and Oct. 29 to Dec. 31 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, 

weekly gage heights, gage observer's notes, climatologic records, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas. 

Mean discharge Apr. 1 to 9, estimated, 1,500 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 25,000 square miles.]

Month.

April.......................

May........................

July........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,720

2,380 

3,500 

1,060 

464 

454 

639

3,500

Minimum.

i,i20 

1,050 

318 

331 

347 

271

Mean.

o210 

o!85 

o760 

1,880 

1,500 

1,760 

578 

392 

391 

463 

o370 

o340

736

Per 

square 

mile.

0.0084 .0074' 

.030 

.075 

.060 

.070 

.023 

.016 

.016 

.018 

.015 

.014

.029

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.01 

.008 

.03 

.08 

.07 

.08 

.03 

.02 

.02 

.02 

.02 

.02

.41

Total in 

acre-feet.

12,900 

10,300 

46,700 

112,000 

92,200 

105,000 

35,500 

24,100 

23,300 

28,500 

22,000 

20,900

533,000

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

D.

Estimated. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.
30 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

PELICAN RIVEE NEAR FERGUS FALLS, MINN.

Location. At the private highway bridge 6 miles northwest of Fergus Falls, in section 18 of that township, about 5 miles above junction with Otter Tail River.

Records available. June 19, 1909, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 433 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged since established. Gage is read twice a day 

and the mean of the readings is recorded as the mean for the day.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. From the bridge except at low stages, when measurements are made at a wading section.

Winter now. Ice is present from the middle of November to the 1st of April, and 

during that time discharge measurements are made to determine the winter flow.

Regulation. The nearest dam is at Elizabeth, 6 to 8 miles above; the intermittent 

operation of the mill at Elizabeth causes a slight daily fluctuation in gage heights.

Accuracy. Conditions of flow are excellent, except for fluctuations caused by operation of mill at Elizabeth. Backwater from Otter Tail River does not extend to the 

station, as the range in stage of that stream is small.

The following discharge measurement was made by Hoyt (W. G.) and Roule", under 

complete ice cover, December 16, 1911:

Gage height, 5.45 feet; discharge, 6.6 second-feet. Average thickness of ice, 2 

feet. Average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.9 foot.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Pelican River near Fergus Falls, Minn., for 1911. 

[Henry W. Luther, observer.]

Day.

1. ..............

2... ............

3............... 

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14. ..............

15...............

16...............

17. ..............

18. .............. 

19............... 

20.. .............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24. ..............

25. ..............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29. ..............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

5.5

5.4

5.2

6.5

5.5

5.3

Feb.

5.6

"h'.h"

5.3

5.4

5.2

5.0

5.05

4.9

6.1

Mar.

"e.'e"

7.6

6.6

6.4

6.3

6.0

6.8

6.6

6.16

6.10

Apr.

5.95

5.95 

5.80

5.95

5.88

5.80

5.90

5.60

5.70

5.88

5.75

5.68

5.50

5.50

5.60

5.80

5.90 

5.85 

5.78

5.82

5 90

5.60

5.55

5.68

5.80

5.70

5.80

5.69

May.

5.68

5.71

5.85 

5.95

5.90

5.86

5.65

5.86

5.62

5.82

5.82

5.92

5.80

5.49

5.90

5.81

5.92

5.75 

5.61 

5.75

5.50

5.60

5.61

5.52

5.65

5.52

5.60

5.68

5.55

5.62 

5.72

June.

5.62

5.74

5.78 

5.91

5.80

5.80

5.84

5.75

6.06

5.70

5.58

5.98

5.52

5.91

5.81

5.62

5.86

5.82 

5.60 

5.75

5.50

X 7A.

5.51

5.75

5.60

5.50

5.72

5.85

5.50

5.58

July.

5.75

5.56

5.72 

5.49

5.60

5.45

5.55

5.41

5.44

5.38

5.34

5.41

5.31

5.44

5.31

5.40

5.60

5.66 

5.52 

5.39

5.38

5 46

5.40

5.50

5.40

5.50

5.68

5.62

5.68

5.42 

5.45

Aug.

5.44

5.50

5.44 

5.70

5.70

5.46

5.82

5.80

5.58

5.44

5.48

5.65

5.50

5.42

5.55

5.40

5.71

5.54 

5.44 

5.49

5.40

5.70

5.78

5.65

5.55

5.40

5.41

5.50

5.40

5.50 

5.40

Sept.

5.50

5.40

5.39 

5.50

5.40

5.60

5.48

5.48

5.48

5.40

5.71

5.85

5.78

5.80

5.68

5.85

5.42

5.65 

5.62 

5.68

5.70

5.65

5.52

5.58

5.56

5.59

5.48

5.50

5.60

5.50

Oct.

5.55

5.85

5.90 

5.68

5.50

5.70

5.71

5.50

5.70

5.70

5.80

5.80

5.80

5.80

5.50

5.70

5.70

5.90 

5.50 

5.50

5.85

C fifi

5.98

6.00

5.88

5.85

5.85

5.78

5.50

5.82 

5.80

Nov.

5.95

5.82

5.80 

5.62

5.50

5.85

5.90

5.80

5.85

5.88

6.4

6.20

6.00

5.70

5.60

Dec.

5.8

6.2

6.0

6.1

5.8

5.45

"6.Y

5.9

6.4

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 1 to Mar. 31 and Nov. 11 to Dec. 31.
HUDSON BAY DBAINAGE AEEA. 31 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pelican River near Fergus Falls, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1... .................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

S........ ............................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

1^

14.. ..................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

91

99

23..... ............................. ..

24....................................

OC

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

9Q

30

01

Apr.

64

58

64

42

64

53

42

56

10

30

53

36

28

10

10

19

42

56

49

40

45

56

10

19

. 14

28

49

30

49

29

May.

28

31

40

64

56

50

24

50

21

45

45

59

42

9

56

43

59

36

20

36

10

19

20

12

24

12

10

28

14

21

^9

June.

21

35

40

58

42

42

48

36

84

30

17

70

12

58

43

21

SO

4C

19

36

10

35

11

36

19

10

00

4.Q

10

17

July.

36

15

00

9

19

7

14

5

6

3

2

5

1

6

1

4

19

12

4

4

10

4

10

28

21

28

5

7

Aug.

6

10

6

30

30

8

45

. 42

17

6

9

24

10

5

14

4

^1

14

6

Q

4

30

40

24

14

4

5

10

4

10

4

Sept.

10

4

4

10

4

19

9

4

31

49

40

- 42

28

49

5

24

2190

30

24

12

17

15

18

9

10

19

10

Oct.

14

49

56

OQ

10

30

31

10

30

30

42

42

42

42

10

30

30

56

10

10

49

26

70

73

53

49

49

40

10

45

42

Nov.

64

45

42

91

10

49

56

42

49

53

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve. Operations of flour mill at Elizabeth, a few miles above, have a decided influence on the flow, especially in winter and during periods of low 

water. Discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 31 and Nov. 11 to Dec. 31 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, gage observer's reports, climatologic records, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas. Mean 

discharge, Nov. 11 to 30, estimated 12 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Pelican River near Fergus Falls, Minn.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area. 433 square miles.]

Month.

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

64 

64 

84 

36 

45 

49 

73 

 64

84

Minimum.

10 

9 

10 

1 

4 

4 

10

Mean.

o2.0 

o2.0 

olO.O 

38. 3 

33.4 

34.5 

11.4 

15.3 

18.8 

35.7 

22.4 

»10.0

19.5

Per 

square 

mile.

0.0046 

.0046 

.023 

.088 

.077 

.080 

.026 

.035 

.043 

.082 

.052 

.023

.045

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.005 

.005 

.03 

.09 

.09 

.09 

.03 

.04 

.05 

.09 

.06 

.03

.61

Accuracy.

D. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

D. 

D.

a Estimated from 1 discharge measurement, semiweekly gage heights, and climatologic records. 

6 Estimated from discharge of Otter Tail River near Fergus Falls, Minn.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

WILD BICE BIVER AT TWIN VALLEY, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge at Twin Valley, 2 miles above the nearest tributary, which enters at Heiberg. 

Records available. June 30, 1909, to December 31, 1911.
32 STJEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Drainage area. 805 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged since establishment.

Channel. Practically permanent. The river overflows at a stage of 12 feet on the 

gage and covers a width of several hundred feet.

Discharge measurements. From the bridge, except during extreme low water, 

when measurements are made at a wading section.

Floods. An exceptionally severe flood occurred in July, 1909, which overflowed 

the lower part of the valley and wrecked the power dam at Faith by cutting 

around the end and greatly increasing the width of the channel. The maximum 

stage of the flood at Twin Valley was 20 feet and the discharge 9,200 second-feet.

Regulation. There is a dam across the river at Heiberg, but the highest backwater 

effect is at a point more than a mile below Twin Valley.

Accuracy. The estimate for the flood discharge above 14 feet made by Kutter's 

formula in connection with the known area of the cross section and may be somewhat in error, but it is believed this error will not exceed 10 per cent. The 

remaining estimates are based on a well-defined discharge rating <:urve and 

should be reliable.

Discharge measurements of Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn., in 1911,

Date.

19

Dec. 19

Hydrographer.

E. F. Chandler a. . .......................................................

.....do...................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

4.75

4.75

5.18

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

51.5

54.3

637.7

a, June 19, measurement made at wading section.

* Dec. 19, measurement made under complete ice cover. Thickness of ice below water surface 0.91 foot.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn., for 1911. 

[Axel Johnson, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19. .............. 

20...............

21............... 

22............... 

23............... 

24............... 

25...............

26...............

27............... 

28...............

9Q

in

01

Jan.

5.5

.......

.......

.......

"T?"

Feb.

5.9

.......

------

5.1

Mar.

6.1

""S'T"

Apr.

5.3

4.9

5.1

5.1

5.5

5.5

4.5

5.15

5.15

5.15

5.3

5.8

5.9

5.78

5.55

5.8

-5.7 

5.55

5.4 

5.75

6.45 

6.6 

6.65 

6.52 

6.58

6.2

6.0 

6.0 

6.05

fi 9

May.

6.2

6.2

6.0

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.8

5.7

5.35

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.35

5.2

5.3

5.4

6.3 

6.35

6.05 

5.8

5.7 

5.5 

5.35 

5.25 

5.2

5.1

5.1 

5.1

5.05

5.0

5.0

June.

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.0

4.95

4.8

4.8

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

i s

4.8

4.8

4.8 

4.75

4.75 

4.7

4.7 

5.1 

5.28 

5.48 

5.6

5.5

4.9 

5.6 

5.7

5.5

July.

5.7

6.0

6.0

6.15

6.3

6.15

5.95

5.8

5.65

5.5

5.8

5.6

5.35

5.15

4.9

4.7

4.6 

4.6

4.6 

4.6

4.6 

4.6 

4.65 

4.6 

4.6

4.65

4.65 

4.5 

4.5

4.55

4.55

Aug.

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.55

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.55

4.55 

5.0

4.85 

4.85

4.7 

4.7 

4.7 

4.7 

4.6

4.5

4.5 

4.5 

4.5

4.5

4.5

Sept.

4.5

4.5

4.45

4.45

4.45

4.45

4.5

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.55

4.55

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5 

4.55

4.55 

4.55 

4.5 

4.5 

4.5

4.5

4.5 

4.6 

4.6

4.6

Oct.

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.65

4.65

4.65

5.15

5.42

5.52

5.5

5.55

5.5

5.6 

5.7

5.78 

5.7

5.65 

5.6 

5.55 

5.55 

5.5

5.5

5.35 

5.3 

5.2

5.1

5.0

Nov.

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.6

""i'o"

""5."6"

........

Dec.

5.0

5.0

5.05

5.18

" "5."05

......

5.0

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 1 to Mar. 31 (average thickness of ice, about 1.5 feet), and about NQY, 12 to Dec. 

31 (average thickness, about 0.8 foot).
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AEEA. 33 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1. ...................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20. ...................................

21....................................

22. ...................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29. ...................................

30. ...................................

31....................................

Apr.

148

75

110

110 188'

188

23

120

120

120

148

250

272

246

198

250

228

198

168

239

406

445

459

424

440

343

295

295

307

343

May.

343

343

295

295

272

250

250

228

158

148

129

158

129

14fi

168

367

OQA

307

9CA

228

log

158

138

110

110

110

101

Q9

92

June.

110

110

110

110

110

92

84

Vt

=;Q

75

75

75

75

KQ

EQ

EQ

59

EOx

52

44

44

110

144

1R4

208

1QQ

7=.

208

228

188

July.

99Q

295

295

331

367

Ml

284

250

218

188

250

208

158

120"7<\

44

^9

09

^9

32

32*>9

38

32

32

38

38

23

23

28

28

Aug.

oo

32

oo

32

32

OO

OO

23

23

00

93

23

23

oo

23

28

28

Q9

67

67

44

44

44

44

09

9*.

23

23

23

00

23

Sept.

23

23

20

20

20

20

23

32

32

32

32

28

28

23

23

23

23

23

23

28

28

28

23

23

23

23

23

32

32

32

Oct.

Q9

32

v>

32

32

*>9

^9

38

38

38

120

172

192

188

198

188

208

99Q

246

228

218

208

198

198

188

188

158

148

129

110

92

Nov.

7E

59

EQ

44

32

*>9

*>9

44

44

44

32

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined between 23 and 3,400 secondfeet. Discharge Nov. 12 to Dec. 31 estimated because of ice from 1 discharge measurement, observer's 

weekly reports, and climatologic records. Mean discharge Nov. 12 to 30 estimated 25 second-feet. Mean 

discharge Dec. 1 to 31 estimated 35 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Wild Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 805 square miles.]

Month.

March ..................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

459 

380 

228 

367 

92 

32 

246 

75

459

Minimum.

23 

92 

44 

23 

23 

20 

32

Mean.

22 

18 

70 

239 

200 

104 

133 

33.3 

25.5 

134 

32.4 

35

87.5

Per 

square 

mile.

0.027 

.022 

.087 

.297 

.248 

.129 

.165 

.041 

.032 

.166 

.040 

.044

.109

.Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.03 

.02 

.10 

.33 

.29 

.14 

.19 

.05 

.04 

.19 

.04 

.05

1.47

Accuracy.

&

B

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

C. 

D.

a Estimates of discharge for January, February, and March are very rough and are based on one discharge 

measurement made in December, 1910, fortnightly gage heights and gage observer's notes.

, NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge. 

70057° WSP 305 13 3
34 STJBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAST V.

DEVILS LAKE NEAE DEVILS LAKE, N. DAK. 1

Location. At the Chautauqua grounds steamer landing, 6 miles southwest of the 

city of Devils Lake.

Records available. June 8, 1901, to September 30, 1911; fragmentary gage heights.

Drainage area. Theoretically somewhat more than 3,500 square miles; surveys 

made about 25 years ago showed the lake to be about 35 miles long, the width 

ranging from 1 to 15 miles and the area being approximately 120 square miles; 

because of its many bays and slender arms the shore line measures more than 

200 miles. The present area of the lake is not given but is estimated at not 

more than 60 square miles; as the lake has no outlet its size depends entirely on 

the relations between evaporation from its surface and the rainfall upon it and 

inflow from the surrounding country.

Gage. A staff attached to piles of the pier at the steamer landing; read occasionally 

by E. E. Heerman and J. M. Brannon. The gage zero 2 is 1,416.2 feet above sea 

level, and 22.90 feet below a standard United States Geological Survey benchmark post which is set in the bank directly behind the gage and about 8 rods 

distant.

That the lake level is still being lowered is shown by the following gage heights, 

those at the close of the season being the lowest ever recorded.

Gage height of Devils Lake, N. Dak., in 1911.

Feet. 

Aug. 14.......................... 8. 72

Sept. 30......................... 8. 46

Feet.

July 13.......................... 8.50

Aug. 4........................... 8.50

Aug. 10.......................... 8.70

RED LAKE EIVEE AT THIEF EIVEE FALLS, MINN.

Location. One-third mile below the dam at Thief River Falls and a mile or more 

below the mouth of Thief River.

Records available. July 2, 1909, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 3,430 square miles.

Gage. Vertical and inclined staff; datum unchanged since establishment. The 

gage is read morning and evening and the mean of the two readings is recorded 

as the mean for the day.

Channel. Somewhat shifting. The control is also changed temporarily by log jams 

forming below.

Discharge measurements. From a car and cable located near the gage.

Winter flow. The river is frozen over from the latter part of November to the first 

of April, and measurements are made through the ice to determine the winter 

flow discharge.

Regulation. A short distance above is the dam used by the Hansen & Barzen 

Milling Co. and the city lighting plant. The fluctuating loads on the turbines 

cause fluctuations in the river stage below the dam. This fluctuation is reduced 

by the operation of the lighting plant at night, and by the mill, chiefly during 

the daytime.

Accuracy. Logs floated down the river may jam below the station and cause backwater. Conditions at this station are not satisfactory and similar conditions 

exist at all points on the upper river. Therefore the records can not be considered better than fair.

1 For description of Devils Lake and all data available from 1867 to 1908 see Water-Supply Paper II. S. 

Geol. Survey No. 245, pp. 51-54.

* In the descriptions of the station published in Water-Supply Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 66, p. 14, 

and No. 85, p. 238, the statement of the elevation of the bench mark above mean sea level was in error.-
HUDSON BAY DBAIKAGE ABBA. 35 

Discharge measurements of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

May 5

28

July 20

Sept. 14

Dec. 21

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.10

3.86

4.00

2 09

3 en

3.12

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

«197

220

215

17.7 19*;

628.6

o May 5, log jam 1 mile below.

6 Dec. 21, measurement under complete ice cover. Average thickness of ice 0.72 foot.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn., for 1911.

[Chas. P. Quist, observer.]

Day.

1...............

3...............

4............... 

5...............

6. ..............

7............... 

8...............

9...............

10............... 

11...............

12...............

13...............

14, ..............

15...............

15............... 

17............... 

18............... 

19. ..............

20............... 

21. ...............

22. ..............

23. ..............

24. .............. 

25...............

26. ..............

27............... 

28...............

29...............

30

31. ..............

Jan.

.......

4.4

-----

4.2 

4.2

-----

4.0

4.4

Feb.

4.4

4.2

4.4

""i.'e"

4.7

4.6

"~"5."6'

Mar.

4.65

4.7

4.6

5

O

"s.'e"

5.7

5.8

"5." 7

5.65

Apr.

5.40

5.15

5.45

5.42 

5.45

5.38

5.40 

5.35

5.15

5.45

6.25

6.30

6.35

5.50

5.25

6.00 

4.85 

4.95 

5.10

4.75 

5.62

5.78

4.90

5.40 

5.40

5.75

5.85 

5.95

6.20

5.68

May.

6.10

5.45

5.40

5.50 

5.10

5.10

4.70 

4.75

5.12

5.42 

5.55

5.70

5.65

4.72

5.45

5.58 

5.80 

5.80 

5.40

5.45 

4.70

5.30

5.35

5.30 

5.35

5.50

5.50 

4.95

5.65

5.20

5.20

June.

5.15

5.32

5.45

5.82 

6.05

5.70

5.35 

7.50

9.25

7.95 

6.10

5.50

5.20

5.00

4.70

4.75 

4.70 

4.50 

4.50

4.30 

4.15

4.00

4.00

3.90 

2.80

4.10

3.95 

3.75

4.00

4.15

July.

4.07

3.00

3.85

3.80 

3.97

3.82

3.90 

4.00

3.15

3.70 

3.05

3.00

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.20 

2.00 

2.85 

2.40

2.95 

3.20

2.60

2.45

3.20 

3.15

2.70

2.65 

2.70

2.^0

3.30

3.05

Aug.

3.10

2.50

2.90

2.80 

3.05

3.60

2.85 

3.40

2.85

3.30 

3.15

3.20

2.20

3.20

3.10

3.10 

3.40 

3.20 

2.95

2.40 

3.25

3.30

3.25

2.25 

2.90

2.25

1.75 

3.05

3.15

3.00

2.90

Sept.

3.00

2.95

2.95

3.20 

2.90

3.15

2.95 

"3.25

3.10

2.45 

2.60

2.70

3.00

3.65

2.80

3.20 

2.30 

2.60 

3.25

2.85 

2.90

2.70

2.75

2.45 

3.35

2.75

2.60 

2.60

3.25

3.45

Oct.

2.55

2.60

3.40

2.70 

3.55

3.30

2.75 

2.70

2.50

3.60 

2.55

2.65

3.60

2.55

2.50

2.70 

3.55 

2.50 

3.60

2.75 

3.25

2.55

2.65

2.65 

2.60

2.85

2.75 

3.55

2.60

2.70

2.50

Nov.

2.60

2.50

3.05 

2.50

2.95

2.65 

3.50

2.90

3.50 

2.50

2.30

2.95

2.30

2.35

2.60 

2.40 

2.25 

2.25

2.85 

2.45

2.95

2.80

2.55 

2.90

2.55

2.95 

2.70

2.70

2.50

Dec.

"~2~5

' ' "3~6

2.5

 ? n

""3."2

3.2

2.6

2.8

" " "4." 6

3.8

3.8

NOTE. Prior to June 8 the gage heights were greatly affected by log jams. During the latter half of the 

year the intermittent operation of the power plant above the station seriously affected the discharge of 

the river. Ice present Jan. 1 to Mar. 31 and Nov. 11 to Dec. 31.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn., for 1911.

Day.

1.....................................................

2.....................................................

3. ....................................................

4.....................................................

5.....................................................

6. ....................................................

7.....................................................

8.....................................................

9.....................................................

10.....................................................

June.

350

320

450

325

400

cnn

2,070

3,820

2.480

July.

254

20

192

226

184

206

234

36

153

Aug.

30

3

13

25

129

10

77

10

59

Sept.

20

16

16

431^1

36

16

51

36

2.5

Oct.

3.5

79

5.5

114

59

- 6.8

5.5

3

127

Nov.

4

42

3

25

3

16

4 8

102

13

102
36 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAST V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn., for 1911 

Continued.

Day.

11.....................................................

12.....................................................

13. ....................................................

14. ....................................................

15.....................................................

16.....................................................

17.. ........................ ...........................

18-.--......-.......---.......---.-....................

19. ...................................................

20........... ................... .......................

21.....................................................

22.....................................................

23.....................................................

24. ......-.......--..-...--.-.-.......-.-.-............

25.....................................................

26.. ......................... ^......... ...............

27. ....................................................

28....-...---.....-.-....-.--.......--........-.-.-....

29. ....................................................

30.....................................................

01

June.

1,070

770

644

565

456

474

456

389

389

V)i

278

234

234

206

8

263

220

166

234

278

July.

25

20

1.8

1.8

1.8

0

10

2

16

43

4

2.5

43

36

5.5

4.8

5.5

5.5

59

25

Aug.

36

43

1

43

30

30

77

43

16

o

51

59

51

1.2

13

1.2

0

25

36

20

13

Sept.

4

5.5

20

141

8

43

1.5

4

51

10

13

5.5

6.8

2.5

68

6.8

4

4

51

87

Oct.

3.5

4.8

127

3.5

3

5.5

114

3

127

6.8

51

3.5

4.8

4.8

4

10

6.8

114

4

5.5

Nov.

NOTE. Owing to backwater from log jams no daily discharge has been computed prior to June 1. June 1 

to 7 the discharge has been estimated from a comparison of the Crookston and Red Lake Falls statipns. 

Subsequent to June 7, daily discharge computed from a fairly well defined rating curve. Discharge Jan. 1 

to Mar. 31 and Nov. 11 to Dec. 31 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, gage observer's 

notes, climatologic records, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas.

Mean discharge Nov. 11 to 30 estimated 5 second-feet, varying from about 1 to 14 second-feet.

Mean discharge Dec. 1 to 31 estimated 9 second-feet, varying from about 3 to 30 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, Minn., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 3,430 square miles.]

Month.

July........................

Discharge in second-fjet.

Maximum.

3,820 

254 

129 

141 

127 

102

3,820

Minimum.

8 

0 

0 

1.5 

3

0

Mean.

a!25 

395 

a 150 

a 375 

a290 

624 

64.4 

30.8 

26.0 

32.8 

13.8 

9

152

Per 

square 

mile.

0.036 

.028 

.044 

.109 

.085 

.182 

.019 

.0090 

.0076 

.0096 

.0040 

.0026

.044

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.04 

.03 

.05 

.12 

.10 

.20 

.02 

.01 

.008 

.011 

.005 

.003

.597

Total in 

acre-feet.

7,690 

5,280 

9,220 

22,300 

17,800 

37,100 

3,960 

1,890 

1,550 

2,020 

821 

553

110,000

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

D.

a Monthly mean discharge January, February, March, April, and May estimated by comparison with 

records at Red Lake Rivar at Crookston, and Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

RED LAKE RIVER AT CROOKSTON, MINN.

Location. At new highway bridge in Crookston, less than a quarter of a mile below 

the dam and powerhouse of the Crookston Waterworks, Power & Light Co.; no 

tributaries within several miles.

Records available. May 19, 1901, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 5,320 square miles.
HUDSON BAY BBAINAGE ABEA. 37

Gage. Until July 1, 1909, the gage was located at the old "Sampson's Addition" 

bridge, but on that date a chain gage was installed on the new bridge 20 rods 

below, and set to read the same as the original gage, the datum of which has 

remained constant since the establishment of the station. In September, 1911, 

an automatic gage was substituted for the chain gage. A vertical staff nearby 

reads to the same datum.

Channel. Slightly changing from year to year.

Discharge measurements. Made from new bridge.

Winter flow. At the original section the channel was wholly or partly open throughout the winter, owing to the presence of the dam; at the present section the river 

freezes entirely across from December to March, and discharge measurements are 

made through the ice to determine the approximate winter flow.

Accuracy. The operation of the power plant causes fluctuations in the water surface 

at the station, but the use of the automatic gage should give excellent results.

Discharge measurements of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., 1911.

Bate.

Mar. la

1"

Apr. 30

May 6

July 19

Sept. 156

Nov. 66

Dec. 18«

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.46

4.09

3.73

3.59

2.46

2.13

2.10

2.07

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

56.8

142

466

387

92.1

21.9

14.5

22.5

o Mar. 1, measurements made through ice short distance above gage. 

6 Sept. 15 and Nov. 6, measurements made by wading above gage. 

c Dec. 18, slight ice effect.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., for 1911. 

[J. E. Carroll, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15............... 

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.8

3.8

4.0

3.95

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.15

4.0 

3.55

3.5

3.6

3.75

3.7

3.65

3.85

4.05

4.0

3.85

3.9

3.8

3.8 

3.85

3.85

Feb.

3.8

3.85

3.8

3.8

3.85

3.85

3.85

3.85

3.9

3.9

3.85

3.8

3.8

3.8 

3.75

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.75

3.65

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.85

3.8

4.0

4.5

.......

Mar.

3.8

3.75

3.8

3.8

4.0

4.0-

4.1

4.3

3.8

4.1

4.75

4.7

4.7

4.75

4.7 

4.7

4.8

5.4

4.75

4.75

4.7

4.65

4.65

4.7

4.8

4.75

4.75

5.1

5.0 

4.7

4,3

Apr.

4.25

4.30

4.00

2.90

4.00

4.00

A AA

3.90

4.00

4.00

4.50

4.50

4.40

4.40

4.50 

4.55

4.50

4.50

4.45

4.20

4.18

4.05

4.40

3.95

3.90

3.78

3.90

4.50

4.05 

3.80

May.

3.98

3.95

3.88

3.90

3.78

3.62

3.60

3.70

3.23

3.45

3.40

3.55

3.70

3.20

4.05 

4.18

3.45

3.55

3.60

3.90

3.80

3.88

3.97

3.70

3.52

3.60

3.85

3.70

3.60 

3.75

3.70

June.

3.75

3.68

3.90

3.95

4.11

4.15

6.80

8.15

8.10

7.55

6.84

5.60

5.28 

4.63

4.85

4.60

4.70

3.85

3.90

4.00

3.35

3 7ft

2.80

3.72

3.15

3.15

3.30 

3.05

July.

3

0

3.05

3 AC

3 ift

2

AK

2.40

2.30

9 7ft

3.C5

3.08

2.90

2 Art

9 Oft

2.80

2.60 

2.60

2.40

2

CA

2.60

2.60

2.60

2.62

2.65

2.62

2.45

2.42

2.45 

2.45

2.95

Aug.

2.85

2.50

2.70

2.72

2.77

2.90

2.50

2.80

2.82

2.52

2.70

2.45

2.40

2.60

2.75 

2.72

2.65

2.43

2.42

2.55

2.50

2.42

2.35

2.42

2.55

2.45

2.42

2.40

2.40

2.40

Sept.

2.40

2.48

3.25

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.25

2.30

2.30

3.02

2.28

2.60

2.43

2.52

2.32 

2.35

2.25

2.30

2.48

2.40

2.40

2.45

2.28

2.60

2.25

2.29

2.36

2.35 

2.35

Oct.

2.79

2.44

2.49

2.51

2.35

2.38

2.86

2.16

2.58

2.46

2.48

2.42

2.48

2.72 

2.32

2.44

2.49

2.58

2.55

2.50

2.73

2.40

2.58

2.53

2.51

2.51

2.56

2.74 

2.45

2.40

Nov.

2.25

2.30

2.31

2.31

2.75

2.28

2.42

2.39

2.41

2.47

2.59

2.40

2.42

2.44

2.44 

2.43

2.46

2.49

2.32

2.51

2.42

2.32

2.29

2.37

2.43

2.86

2.18

2.47

2.57 

2.54

Dec.

2.57

2.51

2.94

2.41

2.44

2.46

2.56

2.56

2.42

2.92

2.44

2.48

2.54

2.54

2.58 

2.50

2.86

2.45

2.47

2.58

2.64

2.60

2.47

2.75

2.62

2.82

2.75

2.67

2.72 

2.63

2.97

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge afEected by ice about Jan. 1 to Mar. 23 and Nov. 11 to Dec. 31.
38 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., for 1911.

Day.

1. ..........................

2. ..........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...--------..--.-..........

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24. ..........................

25...........................

26. ..........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30... ........................

31...........................

Mar.

QOC

980

952

1,100

710

Apr.

685

710

570

527

570

527

570

815

815

760

760

815

842

815

815

788

660

651

592

760

548

477

527

815

592

485

May.

561

548

519

EO7

477

406

445

283

353

SSfi

388

445

274

592

353

oca

,mfi

485

519

557

445 077

Can

445

406

445

June.

465

437

685

PL 97

548

646

615

638

2,320

3,380

2,900

2 350

l'460

1,270

886

1,010

870

925

<;nA

570

445

165

453

260

260

304

231

July.

OA4

231

231

245

128

72

52

14f>

231

239

191

116

191

165

116

116

72

116

116

116

116

121

128

10K

82

76

76

QO

82

204

Aug.

178

93

140

145

its

191

93

165

170

98

140

82

72

116

152

145

128

76

93

76

62

76

104

82

76

72

79

82

72

Sept.

72

89

289

72

72

72

44

52

52

223

49

116

Q»

56

62

44

CO

89

79

79

82

49

116

44

89

50

64

A9

62

Oct.

162

120

80

Ol

QC

62

68

29

111

85

89

89

145

56

80

Q1

111

1AJ.

(tft

148

72

111

100

95

107

I'M*

82

72

Nov.

44

52

54

54

ICO

49

76

70

74

87

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well denned between discharges 10 and 570 second-feet (gage heights 2 and 4 feet), and fairly well denned above discharge 570 second-feet. Discharge Jan. 

1 to Mar. 23 and Nov. 11 to Dec. 31 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, gage heights, 

and climatologic records. Mean discharge Jan. 1 to 31 estimated 150 second-feet, varying from about 70 

to 190 second-feet. Mean discharge Feb. 1 to 28 estimated 120 second-feet, varying from about 60 to 270 

second-feet. Mean discharge Mar. 1 to 23 estimated 250 second-feet, varying from about 90 to 850 secondfeet. Mean discharge Nov. 11 to 30 estimated 60 second-feet, varying from about 30 to 180 second-feet. 

Mean discharge Dec. 1 to 31 estimated 80 second-feet, varying from about 40 to 190 second-feet. Discharge 

Oct. 2, interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 5,320 square miles.]

Month.

May........................

July........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,160

842 

651 

3,380 

304 

191 

289 

162

"

3,380

Minimum.

477 

274 

165 

52 

62 

44 

29

Mean.

150 

120 

434 

658 

450 

977 

142 

109 

81.4 

98.4 

63.7 

80

280

Per 

square 

mile.

0.028 

.023 

.082 

.124 

.085 

.184 

.027 

.020 

.015 

.018 

.012 

.015

.053

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.03 

.02 

.09 

.14 

.10 

.21 

.03 

.02 

.02 

.02 

.01 

.02

.71

Total in 

acre-feet.

9,220 

6,660 

26,700 

39,200 

27,700 

58,100 

8,730 

6,700 

4,840 

6,050 

3,790 

4,920

203,000

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

D.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.
HtJDSOff BAY DBAlNAGl AREA.

THIEF EIVER NEAR THIEF RIVER FALLS, MINN.

Location. At the Drybrooke ford, 6 miles north of Thief River Falls, in sec. 3, 

T. 154 N., R. 43 W. The nearest tributary is the outlet of Mud Lake which enters 

Thief River in the northeastern part of T. 156 N., R. 42 W.

Records available. July 1, 1900, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 1,010 square miles.

Gage. Inclined staff; datum unchanged since establishment. When this inclined 

staff gage was installed on August 19, 1909, its reading (6.36 feet) was made to 

agree with that of the temporary vertical staff gage which had been used, from 

July 1 to August 18,1909. On June 29, 1911, and September 18,1912 (before the 

publication of this report) it was found by wye levels that the gage was in error, 

the amounts being the same probably the result of a mistake in graduating or 

setting the gage at the time of its installation. Assuming the 6.4 point to be 

correct, the results of the levels are as follows: 

Inclined-rod gage readings........ 5.2 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0

True elevations.................. 5.28 6.03 6.96 7.90 8.85 9.80 10.75

As the whole record at this station (except July 1 to Aug. 18, 1909) is referred 

to this inclined-rod gage and is therefore consistent in itself, no correction has 

been made in published gage heights because of the above discrepancy.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made by means of a boat and cable a short distance 

below the gage.

Winter flow. From the middle of November to the first of April the river is entirely 

frozen over, and discharge measurements are made to determine the winter 

discharge.

Regulation. The dam at Thief River Falls, at the mouth of Thief River, backs up 

the water in Thief River for several miles, but the station is protected by the 

rapids below from the influence of the dam. During 1910 and 1911 drainage work 

.has been carried on extensively in Thief River Basin and the effect will be to 

modify the regimen of the river. The extremely low flow of 1910 and 1911 was 

due partly to the holding back of the run-off by temporary dams for use of the 

floating dredges above the station.

Accuracy. See remarks under "Gage" above.

The following discharge measurement was made by E. F. Chandler: 

June 29, 1911: Gage height, 3.82 feet; discharge, 3.0 second-feet; velocity observations made with floats.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn.,for 1911. 

[H. J, Maland, observer.]

Day.

2...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

Mar. Ajar.

4.20

4.19

4.32

4.34

4.30

4.18

4.20

4.25

4.22

4.38

4.53

4.53

5.08

4.57

4.86

May.

5.08

4.44

4.11

4.05

4.00

3.90

3.89

4.11

3.87

3.87

4.04

4.05

4.01

3.91

3.85

June.

3.61

3.65

3.75

3.94

4.04

3.83

3.73

4.35

4.20

4.42

4.24

4.05

3.87

3.79

3.75

July.

3.57

3.56

3.48

3.85

4.10

3.85

3.83

3.73

3.06

3.57

3.48

3.42

3.40

3.38

3.38

Aug.

3.25

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.42

3.4

Sept.

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.25

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.25

3.2

3.2

Oct.

3.4

3.4

3.42

3.46

3.48

3.55

3.55

3.55

3.48

3.45

3.45

3.45

3.45

3.45

3.45

Nov.

3.4

Dec.

3.2
40 WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAM V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn., for 1911 

Continued.

Day.

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20. ..................

21...................

22. ..................

23...................

24. ..................

25... ................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29. ..................

30. ..................

31...................

Mar.

4 1 5

4.15

4 0

3.85

4.0

A OP;

4.55

4.55

4 5

4.87

5.05

4.50

4.6

4 ^

4,22

4.14

Apr.

4 90

4

7E

4.64

4.55

4 Cft

4.41

4.60

4.76

5.04

5.26

5.32

5.20

15 14

5.20

May.

3.81

3.76

3 74.

3.73

3

CQ

3.57

3.66

3 EC

3. £6

3.42

3.48

3.6

June.

^ 75

4.21

4.55

4.60

4.42

4.31

4.22

4.19

415

4.12

4.02

3.87

3.65

July.

3.38

3.32

3.30

3.25

3

OC

3.25

3.35

3.3

3.25

3 OK

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

3.25

Aug.

3.38

3.35

3.35

3.32

3.30

3.30

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.35

3.32

3.3

3.3

Sept.

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.6

3.57

3.48

3.45

3.42

3.42

3.42

3.42

3.4

3.4

3.42

3.42

Oct.

3.45

3.45

3.45

3.42

3.12

3.42

3.42

3.42

3.42

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.42

Nov.

3.2

Dec.

3.2

NOTE. Gage heights July 25 to Aug. 13, Aug. 22 to 26. Sept. 1 to 19, and Nov. 27 to Dec. 31,1911, estimated because water surface was below gage. Where 3.40 is recorded, the observer reported " 3.40 or below." 

The observer reported no flow past the gage Jan. 1 to Mar. 15. July 25 to Aug. 13, Aug. 22 to 26, and about 

Nov. 10 to Dec. 31,1911.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn., for 1911.

Day.

1....... ....................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5.. .............. ...........

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12. ..........................

13...........................

14. ..........................

15...........................

16............-..-..----.....

17...........................

18. ...........................

19. ..........................

20. ..........................

21...........................

22. ..........................

23...........................

24...........................

25. ..........................

26. ..........................

27. ..........................

28. ..........................

29. ..........................

30...........................

31...........................

Mar.

4.0

5.5

14

32

32

28

58

78

oe

QC

17

ID

9 q

Apr.

12

12

18

19

17

11

12

14

13

O1

30

30

82

33

57

61

47

38

32

28

oq

QC

48

77

105

114

114

97

89

97

May.

82

24

8.0

6.5

5.5

4.4

4.3

8.0

4.1

4.1

6.3

6.5

5.7

4.5

4.0

3.2

3 ()

2.9

2.6

2 1

1.9

1.8

2.4

1.7

2.2

1.8

1.8

1.0

1.3

2.0

June.

2.1

2.4

3.1

4.8

6.3

3.8

2.9

20

12

23

J4

8.5

4.1

3.4

3.1

3.1

12

32

35

w

18

13

12

o s

9.8

8.4

5 A

4.1

2 4

July,

1.8

1.8

1.3

4.0

7.5

4.0

3.8

2.9

2.4

1.8

1.3

1.0

.9

.8

.8

.8

.6

.5

.4

.2

.2

.2

.6

.4

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

.2

Aug.

0.2

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

1.0

.9

.8

.6

.6

.5

.4

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.4

.2

Sept.

0.0

.0

.0

.2

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

.2

.0

.0

.0

.0

.0

2.0

1.8

1.3

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

1.0

1.0

Oct.

0.9

.9

1.0

1.2

1.3

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

g

.9

.9

1.0

Nov.

0.9

.8

.7

.6

.6

.6

.5

.4

.3

NOTE. Discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 17 and Nov. 1 to Dec. 31 estimated, because of ice, from observer's 

notes and climatologic records. No flow from Jan. 1 to Mar. 12. Discharge Mar. 13 to 17 estimated 4 

second-feet varying from about 1 to 9 second-feet. Nov. 10 to Dec. 31 no flow. Where no flow is noted 

the discharge is estimated to have been less than 0.1 second-feet.
BAY fcRAtffAGE AfiEA. 41

Monthly discharge of Thief River near Thief River Falls, Minn., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,010 square miles.]

Month

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

78 

114 

82 

35 

7.5 

1.0 

2.0 

1.7 

.9

114

Minimum.

11 

1.0 

2.1 

.2 

.0 

.0 

.9

0

Mean.

0 

0 

12.2 

46.2 

6.88 

10.1 

1.34 

.24 

.-48 

1.13 

.18 

0

6.53

Per 

square 

mile.

0.000 

.000 

.012 

.046 

.0068 

.010 

.0013 

.00024 

.00048 

.0011 

.00018 

.000

.0065

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.00 

.00 

.01 

.05 

.008 

.01 

.001 

.0003 

.0005 

.001 

.0002 

.00

.08

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

D.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.

CLEAR WATER RIVER AT RED LAKE FALLS, MINN.

Location. At Great Northern* Railway Bridge at Red Lake Falls, Minn., about 1£ 

miles above the mouth of the river and 2 miles below the nearest tributary.

Records available. June 18, 1909, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 1,310 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff, about half a mile farther down stream than the original gage. 

It was placed September 12, 1911, on account of the building of a dam which 

will cause several feet of backwater at the original section. The new gage was 

set to read 2.23 feet when the original gage read 5.83 feet. Readings to October 

31, 1911, have been taken from the original gage and estimates of discharge based 

thereon. Simultaneous records were maintained from September 12 to October 31.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the railroad bridge or by wading.

Winter flow. The river is frozen over from the middle of November to the first of 

April. Measurements are made through the ice to determine the winter discharge.

Accuracy. As conditions at this station are good, the records should be reliable. 

It is possible that backwater from the Healy dam on Red Lake River may 

slightly affect the relation of gage height to discharge at this new location if 

flashboards of usual height be put in place at the Healy dam.

Discharge measurements of Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

July 20a

Sept. 13o

Dec. 20«

Hydrographer.

E.F. Chandler...........................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.60

62.23

2.11

Discharge.'

Sec.-feet. 

26.1

80

65

o Measurement made by wading.

6 Old gage read 5.83.

c Measurement made under complete ice cover. Average thickness of ice 1.35 feet.

NOTE. The measurements of Sept. 13 and Dec. 20 refer to*the new gage.
42 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn.,for 1911.

Old gage.

[James Benoit, observer.]

Day.

l...................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

7...................

Q

10...................

11...................

12. ..................

13...................

14. ..................

15...................

16. ..................

17...................

18...................

19. ..................

20...................

21...................

22. ..................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28................... 

29............'.....,.

30...................

31...................

Jan.

7.0

7.1

7 lo

7.1

Feb.

7.02

7.05

7.15

7.1

Mar.

7 99

7 ^

7.6

Apr.

7.9

7.88

7.81

7.56

7.45

7.24

6.89

6.85

6.92

6.76

6.65

6.38

6.30

6.32

6.29

6.20

6.12 

6.10

6.12

May.

6.05

6.00

6.05

5.92

5.88

5.80

5.81

5.82

5.74

5.60

6.92

6.88

6.68

6.55

6 40

6.25

6.29

6.30

6.26

6.20

6.28

6.29

6.20

6.22

6.15

6.12

6.08

6.00 

6.01

6.12

6.08

June.

6.00

6.02

6.10

6.50

6.52

6.38

6.32

6.85

7.80

7.75

7.55

7 ^f\

7.16

6.95

6.81

6.65

6.51

6.42

6.30

6.22

6.10

 6.05

5.96

5.97

5.88

5.92

5.98

6.00 

5.79

5.55

July.

5.54

5.54

5.40

5.00

5.30

5.38

5.40

5.50

5.56

5.62

5.60

5.45

5.45

5.48

5.50

5.52

5.55

5.60

5.60

5.52

5.60

5.60

5.65

5.70

5.65

5.50

5.60

5.72 

5.80

5.85

5.90

Aug.

5.90

6.02

5.95

5.90

5.90

5.95

6.15

6.12

6.00

5.82

5.75

5.80

5.78

5.78

5.80

5.82

5.85

5.90

5.95

6.00

6.10

6.20

6.20

6.20

6.30

6.35

6.30

6.40 

6.25

6.15

6.05

Sept.

5.88

5.82

5.80

5.80

5.80

- 5.78

5.75

5.70

5.70

5.75

5.75

5.88

5.98

5.94

5.82

5.80

5.80

5.85

5.82

5.78

5.72

5.70

5.70

5.75

5.80

5.85

5.92

6.00 

5.95

5.85

Oct.

1 HA

5.80

5.84

5.86

5.80

*> an

5.84

5.89

5.84

5.80

5.91

5.81

5.80

5.81

5.82

5.89

5.94

5.90

5.91

5.91

5.89

5.80

5.65

5.62

5.64

5.66

5.70

5.74 

5.79

5.88

5.82

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 1 to Apr. 8. Average thickness of ice 2 to 2.5 feet. 

July 4, gage height apparently in error.

New gage.

[Leo Steinert, observer.]

Day.

1............

2............

3............

4............

5............

6............

7............

8............

9............

10............

Sept. Oct.

9. 1

2.2

2.25

2.25

2.25

3.25

2.3

2.2

2.25

2.25

Nov.

2.05

9 o

2.65

2.2

2.15

2.22

2.22

2.25

2.3

2.3

Day.

11............

19

13............

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19............

20............

Sept.

9 1

2.18

2.15

2 nS

2.15

2.2

2.05

2.2

2.2

Oct.

2.2

?, ?,

?,.2

?, 3?,

2.3

?, 3

2.3

2.38

2.05

2.2

Nov.

2.42

Day.

21............

22............

23............

24............

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............ 

31............

Sept.

2.15

2 O

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

Oct.

2.2

2.4

2.05

2.2

2.25

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.25

2.3 

2.3

Nov.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Nov. 10 to Dec. 31,1911.
HUDSON BAY DBAlNAGE AREA. 43 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Ckarwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1....

2....

3....

4....

5....

6....

1....

8-...

9....

10. ...

11....

12. ...

13....

14....

15....

Apr.

60

70

80

100

125

175

250

400

767

722

703

571

505

390

247

May.

68

63

68

55

51

44

45

46

40

32

257

244

185

155

122

June.

63

65

74

144

148

118

107

234

715

685

565

448

352

268

221

July.

30

30

27

20

26

27

27

29

31

33

32

28

28

29

29

Aug.

53

65

58

53

53

58

80

77

63

46

40

44

43

43

44

Sept.

51

46

44

44

44

43

40

37

37

40

40

51

61

57

46

Oct.

48

44

48

49

44

44

48

52

48

44

54

45

44

45

46

Day.

16. ..

17. ..

18. ..

19. ..

20. .-

21. ..

22. ..

23. ..

24. ..

25. ..

26. .

27. .

28. .

29.. .

30.. .

31

Apr.

234

257

207

155

126

118

105

103

105

107

101

87

77

74

77

May.

95

101

103

97

87

100

101

87

90

SO

77

72

63

64

77

72

June.

178

146

126

103

90

74

68

59

60

51

55

61

63

43

30

July.

30

30

32

32

30

32

32

34

37

34

29

32

38

44

48

53

Aug.

46

48

53

58

63

74

87

87

87

103

112

103

122

95

80

68

Sept.

44

44

48

46

43

38

37

37

40

44

48

55

63

58

48

Oct.

52

57

53

54

54

52

44

34

33

34

35

37

40

43

51

46

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve and gage heights read from original 

gage. Discharge estimated from Apr. 1 to 8 because of ice. Discharge estimated July 4 because of apparent 

error in gage height.

Monthly discharge of Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, Minn., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,310 square miles.]

Month.

May........................

July........................

The period ...........

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

767 

257 

715 

53 

122 

63 

57

Minimum.

60 

32 

30 620 

40 

37 

33

Meau.

o45.0 

045.0 

o55.0 

237 

91.6 

180 

32.0 

67.9 

45.8 

45.9

Per 

square 

mile.

0.034 

.034 

.042 

,181 

.070 

.137 

.024 

.052 

.035 

.035

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.04 

.04 

.05 

.20 

.08 

.15 

.03 

.06 

.04 

.04

Total in 

acre-feet.

2,770 

2,500 

3,380 

14,100 

5,630 

10,700 

1,970 

4,180 

2,730 

2,820

50,800

Accuracy.

C. 

D. 

D. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C.

a Estimated from oue discharge measurement, semiweekly gage heights to the water surface, and climatologic records. 

6 Estimated.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

SOUTH BRANCH OF TWO EIVERS AT HALLOCK, MINN.

Location. At private wagon bridge on farm of John Ross, in section 12, T. 161 N.,

R. 49 W., half a mile north of Hallock, a mile below the nearest tributary, a small

creek entering from the west.

Records available. April 29 to November 15, 1911. 

Drainage area. 776 square miles. 

Gage. Vertical staff. 

Channel. Probably permanent, as the control point is an abandoned loose-rock dam

4 feet high, a mile or more below the station. The dam was formerly used to

raise the water level for a railroad water tank. 

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge.
44 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Winter flow. From November to April the river is frozen over and gage readings

are discontinued. 

Accuracy. Low because of doubt as to accuracy of daily gage heights in addition

to discharge rating curve only fairly well denned.

Discharge measurements of South Branch of Two Rivers at Hallock, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

Apr. 29

26

Oct. 23

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.21

7.72

4.32

1.80

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

30.0

540

178

9.2

Daily gage height, in feet, of South Branch of Two Rivers at Hallock, Minn., for 1911.

[John A. Ross, observer.]

Day.

3....................................

4....-.....-.....-..-...---.--.--....

5....................................

6....................................

7......-.-.-...-..-.-.-.-...-......-.

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

IS....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18--.....-.-.--.-.-.--.-....--.--...-.

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31 ....................................

Apr.

2.2

2.15

May.

2.10

2.00

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.80 i on

2.50

2.65

2.85

3.10

3.30

3.38

3.30

3.35

3.20

3.40

3.50

2.90

9 fin

2.70

2.60

2.50

2.30

2.20

2.20

2.30

2.30

June.

2.40

2.50

2.60

4.10

4.60

4.50

4.50

5.50

7.30

8.30

-8.60

8.60

8.60

8.10

7.70

7.00

7.40

7.40

7.00

6.60

6.30

6.00

5.60

5.00

4.70

4.50

4.00

3.50

3.20

3.00

July.

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

Aug.

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.8

1 fi

1.9

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

Sept.

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.9

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

2.0

2.0

2.0

Oct.

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.6

2.6

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

9 Q

2.6

2.6

2.9

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.6

2.6

2.3

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

Nov.

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Branch of Two Rivers at Hallock, Minn., for 1911.

Day.

1....................................

2................................. ..

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

Apr. May.

24

20

16

16

16

16

16

16

is

16

June.

SQ

45

51

161

206

1Q7

9ftfi

4Q1

601

July.

76

76

69

63

51

51

39

39

39

39

Aug.

8

8

8

8

13

13

13

8

8

Sept.

13

1Q

1S

1s

is

10

10

8

8

8

Oct.

20

20

20

51

51

76

76

76

69

69

Nov.

20

20

20

20

16

16

16*

16
HUDSON BAY DKAINAGE ABBA, 45

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Branch of Two Rivers at Hallock, Minn. ,for 1911 

Continued.

Day.

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18. ...................................

19

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24... ................. ..._... ........

25....................................

26. ...................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30

Q1

Apr.

9Q

26

May.

45

54

66

83

97

IflO

Q7

100

oft

104

112

69

51

57

51

45

34

29

9Q

*2A

June.

634

634

634

579

535

AKQ

502

Eft*}

414

QQ-t

*)AQ

305

fJAK

215

107

152

112

on

76

July.

on

on

29

9Q

24

94

on

20

20

20

161°.

1 3

1 3

c

8

8

8

Aug.

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

 to

1 3

16

20

on

1°.

1Q

10

1°.

1°.

Sept.

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

16

20

20

16

16

10

10

10

10

10

20

20

20

Oct.

51

51

69

76

76

69

fiQ

51

51 M

9n

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

on

Nov.

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined between 6 and 568 second-feet 

(gage heights 1.5 and 8.0 feet). Discharge Nov^ 11 to Dec. 31 estimated by Prof. E. F. Chandler from climatologic records, discharge of adjacent drainag^ areas, one discharge measurement (made Mar. 12, 1912, 

before the preparation of this report) and the fact that the observer kept watch of the stream in order to 

report any marked variation in discharge. It should be noted that these estimates are based on less data 

than estimates at most of the stations in this report and that they simply represent the best values available for publication. Mean discharge Nov. 11 to 30 estimated 10 second-feet. Mean discharge Dec. 1 to 31 

estimated 8 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of South Branch of Two Rivers at Hallock, Minn., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 776 square miles.]

Month.

May....................................

July....................................

Rtfmi'.PTn Tw*r

Mas

Discharge in second-feet.

imum.

112 

634 

76 

20 

20 

76 

20

- (-------

Minimum.

13 

39 

8 

8 

8 

20

Mean.

50.1 

325 

29.8 

10.6 

12.1 

43.4 

12.5 

8.0

Per 

square 

mile.

0.065 

.419 

.038 

.014 

.016 

.056 

.016 

.010

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.07 

.47 

.04 

.02 

.02 

.06 

.02 

.01

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

D.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily disclujirge.

PEMBINA AT NECHE, N. DAK.

Location. At the highway bridge 20 rods east of the Great Northern Railway 

bridge, two-thirds of a mile nort]h of Neche, N. Dak.

Records available. April 29, 1903^ to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 2,940 square mile^.

Gage. Vertical staff in two sections for medium and low stage, attached to the 

abutment and a piling under the bridge, at the north end of the highway bridge. 

This gage was installed July 31, 1911. The original gage, which can be read at 

medium and high stage, is a vertical staff attached to the abutment of the railway 

bridge. The zeros of the two gages are at the same elevation, this elevation having 

been unchanged since the first establishment; at low stage the slope of the water 

surface between the bridges is inappreciable; at highest stage the readings at the 

. railway bridge would probably be from 0.03 to 0.06 foofc greater than at the highway bridge. , -
46 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAST V.

Channel. Clay and silt; slightly shifting.

Discharge measurements. From the highway bridge. At very low stage made 

by wading below the Great Northern dam.

Regulation. The water is raised at low stage from 1 to 2 feet at the gage by a looserock dam about 3 feet high one-third mile below, constructed to give sufficient 

depth of water for the intake of the Great Northern Railway water tank. There 

is considerable leakage through the dam, but no permanent determination of 

the effect of this dam can be made because it is liable to be changed by ice run 

or spring flood in any year. There are no reservoirs or power plants that affect 

the flow.

Winter flow. The ordinary winter discharge is less than the leakage through the 

dam; hence, estimates can not be made from gage observations without numerous 

discharge measurements.

Accuracy. On account of the varying effect at low stage of the dam, the records 

are not considered better than fair.

Discharge measurements of Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak., in 1911.

Date.

May 30

July 31

Oct. 1

Hydrographer.

.....do...................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.79 1 77

1.70

Discharge.

Sec.-feet.

IAQ

15.7

9 4.

NOTE. Measurements of July 31 and Oct. 1 were made by wading at a section below the Great Northern 

Bailway's dam.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Pembina River at Neche, N. Dak., for 1911. 

[W. Young and E. Young, observers.]

Day.

1... .................................

2.. ..^........ ...................... -

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

94

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Mar.

8.4

8.9

8.6

8.2

5.8

5.0

4.8

Apr.

4.3

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.9

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.2

3.1

3.0

3.4

3.8

3.6

3.3

4.0

4.3

3.8

3.5

3 9

3.2

3.2

^l 0

3.6

3.8

3.2

3.6

4.0

i 3

May.

3.2

3.3

3.4 ^i n

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3

0

3.3

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.4

4.6

4.8

4.5

3.8

3.1

3.3

3.0

2 Q

2.7

3.0

3.1

3.0

2.9

9 Q

2.8

June.

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.9

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.9

3.0

3.1

2.9

3.0

2.8

2,8

2.8

2 7

2 O

3.0

3.0

2 Q

2.8

2 7

2.7

2.7

2.6

July. Aug.

1 Q

1.9

1 9

2.0

2.0

2.0

1 9

1 9

2.0

2.0

1 9

1 9

1.9

1 9

1.9

1 0

1 9

1 9

2.0

1 9

1 9

1.8

1.8

1 S

1.8

1.8

1 A

1.7

Sept.

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.7

1 R

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

' 1,4

1.3

1 °.

1 9.

1 ^

1 Q

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.7

Oct.

1.4

1.4

1.5

, 1-7

1 Q

1 9

1 Q

1 Q

1 fi

1 9

1 Q

1 Q

1 9

1 9

1 9

1 9

1 Q

1 9

1 Q

2.0

0 ft

1 9

1 9

1 Q

i fi

1

C

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.7

NOTE. The new observer, Elsie Young, began reading the gage on May 21. From July 1 to Aug. 3 

the river was below the top of the cofferdam around the railway bridge pier, to which the old gage is 

attached, and the gage heights reported by observer represented the level of the water in a pool inside 

the cofferdam and not the height of the river proper and are therefore not published. The observer 

notes that from Aug. 4 on she read the gage at the highway bridge. Relation of gage height to discharge 

probably affected by ice Mar. 23 to 30. River reported "frozen" Mar. 29 and 30.
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA. 47 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pembina River at Neehe, N. Dak., for 1911. ,

Day.

1..... ...............................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6............I.......................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20......................... ...........

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Mar.

QAA

900

900

800

500

Affl

4An

450

520

Apr.

420

363

363

363

344

306

306

287

269

215

ies

251

325

287

233

363

420

325

9fi6

215

911

911;

181

287

325

215

287

363

JOft

May.

215

233

251

181

181

198

911

9<Ut

251

233

233

181

181

181

198

251

480

520

460

325

198

*WO

181

165

133

181

198

165

165

14Q

June.

133

133

149

149

133

133

133

149

165

181

181

149

165

lo

1Q8

165

181

14Q

149

140

133

165

181

181

165

14Q

133

133

133

July.

110

HO

100

100

90

90

80

70

70

60

60

60

50

40

40

40

35

85

35

30

30

25

25

25

20

20

20

20

15

15

15

Aug.

15

15

20

25

25

25

35

35

35

25

25

35

35

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

35

25

25

17

17

17

17

17

17

11

Sept.

11

11

11

11

17

11

11

IT

11

7

4

4

2

2

1

1

2

1

1

2

1

1

1

1

2

2

4

4

11

7

Oct.

2

2

4

11

25

25

25

17

17

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

25

35

35

25

25

25

17

17

11

11

11

7

11

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve that is based on three 

discharge measurements made during 1911 and the form of the 1910 curve and is poorly defined. Daily 

discharge, Mar. 23 to 30, estimated because of ice. Daily discharge, July 1 to Aug. 3, estimated because of 

error in reported gage heights. See footnote to table of daily gage height. Daily discharge Sept. 30 interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Pembina River at Neehe, N. Dak., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 2,940 square miles.]

Month.

March 23-31. ...............

May........................

July........................

October....................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

0900 

420 

520 

19S 

ollO 

35 

17 

35

Minimum.

o450 

181 

133 

118 ol5 

11 

1 

2

Mean.

0641 

294 

231 

154 

049.2 

24.1 

5.7 

19.6

Per 

square 

mile.

0.218 

.100 

.079 

.052 

.017 

.0082 

.0019 

.0061?

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.07 

.11 

.09 

.06 

.02 

.009 

.002 

.008

Total in 

acre-feet.

11,400 

17,500 

14,200 

9,160 

3,030 

1,480 

339 

1,210

58,300

Accuracy.

D. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

D. 

C. 

D. 

D.

o Estimated. 

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.
48 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

WEST BRANCH OF ROSEAU RIVER NEAR MALUNG, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge near the center of sec. 1, T. 161 N., R. 39 W., 

6£ miles south of Roseau, 1 mile west of Malung .post office, and half a mile above 

the mouth of the East Branch.

Records available. Gage heights and discharge measurements from May 6 to 

November 15, 1911.

Drainage area. 265 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff.

Channel. Probably fairly permanent, although there is a possibility of temporary 

backwater from the East Branch.

Discharge .measurements. Made at the bridge except during low stages, when 

they are made at a wading section. Discharge measurements are also made on 

the East Branch a short distance above the junction and on Roseau River at 

Roseau for the purpose of determining the portion of the flow at Roseau that 

comes from the East Branch, and to estimate the entire flow below that point, as 

conditions of flow below the junction of the two branches are very unfavorable 

for the establishment of a regular station.

Winter flow. From November to April the river is frozen over and observations 

are discontinued.

Regulation. Much of the area drained by Roseau River is so swampy that it can 

not be cultivated without drainage. In connection with this work the river 

channel has been straightened and widened to 80 feet for a distance of 40 miles; 

a drainage system benefiting 90,000 acres of land south of the river discharges 

into the Roseau by 10 ditches 1 mile apart in T. 163, Rs. 43 and 44. Another 

ditch system, draining about 20,000 acres, enters Roseau River in sec. 6, T. 

162 N.. R. 39 W.

Discharge measurements of West Branch of Roseau River near Malung, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

May 6

June 27

Sept 13o

Hydrographer.

E. F. Chandler. ..........................................................

.....do.....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.18

2:49

1.98

Discharge.

Sec-feet. 

4.9 9.7'

0.44

o Float measurement.

Daily gage height, in feet, of West Branch of Roseau River near Malung, Minn., for 1911.

[August Hedin, observer.]

Day.

1

2.

3. ..

4....

5....

6.

7..

8..

9..

10..

11..

12..

13..

14..

15..

May.

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.15

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.35

2.45

June.

2.4

2.35

2.55

2.7

3.1

3.0

2.8

3.1

3.4

4.6

6.85

8.15

7.9

6.6

5.3

July.

2 A . *I

9 «» 4*x

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.35

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.25

Aug.

2.15

9 «. 1<5 1O

2.15

2.15

2.2

2.25

2.25

2.2

2.15

2.15

2.1

2.05

2.05

2.45

2.35

Sept.

2. 1 1

2

-1 

. J.

2.05

2.05

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

Oct.

2.1

2. 1 i

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.15

2.1

2.15

2.2

2.2

Nov.

2 1 . i

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.05

2.2

2.2

......

Day.

le:...

17...

18....

19....

20....

21....

23....

23.. .

24..

25.. .

26.. .

27.. .

28.. .

29.. .

30.. .

31.. .

May.

2.45

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.25

2.25

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.35

2.3

2.4

2.4

June.

4.65 d *±. o<5 

4.1

3.65

3.45

3.15

2.95

2.7

2.65

2.5

2.5

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.4

July.

2 9. a

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.15

2.15

2.15

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

Aug.

2 OK 

. £&

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.05

2.1

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.1

Sept.

9 «. ftu

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.05

2.05

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

Oct.

9 «. 1<5 1O

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.15

2.15

2,15

2.15

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

Nov.

.. .

......
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA. 49

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Roseau River near Malung, Minn.,

for 1911.

Day.

1....

2....

3

4

5

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

May.

3.8

3.8

3.0

3.0,

3.8

3.8

5.6

5.6

6.6

8.7

June.

7.6

6.6

11

15

29

25

18

29

43

122

342

507

473

314

182

July.

7.6

7.6

7.6

6.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

8.7

7.6

7.6

6.6

6.6

5.6

5.6

4.7

Aug.

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.8

4.7

4.7

3.8

3.0

3.0

2.2

1.5

1.5

8.7

6.6

Sept.

2.2

2.2

1.5

1.5

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

Oct.

2.2

2.2

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.0

3.0

2.2

3.0

3.8

3.8

Nov.

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

3.8

Day.

16....

17....

18..

19..

20..

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30....

31....

May.

8.7

7.6

6.6

5.6

5.6

5.6

4.7

4.7

3.8

3.8

5.6

5.6

6.6

5.6

7.6

7.6

June.

126

115

87

58

46

31

23

15

14

9.8

9.8

8.7

8.7

8.7

7.6

July.

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

Aug.

4.7

3.8

3.0

2.2

2.2

3.8

3.8

3.0

2.2

2.2

1.5

2.2

3.0

2.2

2.2

2.2

Sept.

.8

.8

.8

.8

1.5

1.5

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

Oct.

3.0

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

Nov.

.

......

NOTE. Discharge Nov. 13 to Dec. 31 estimated by E. F. Chandler from climatologic records, discharge 

of adjacent drainage areas, and the fact that the observer kept watch of the stream in order to report any 

marked variation in discharge. It should be noted that these estimates are based on less data than estimates at most of the stations in this report and that they simply represent the best values available for 

publication. Mean discharge Nov. 13 to 30 estimated 2 second-feet. Mean discharge Dec. 1 to 31 estimated 

1.5 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Roseau River near Malung, Minn., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 265 square miles.]

Month.

May 6-31.. ..............................

July....................................

September. . ............................

October. ................................

December. ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8.7 

507 

8.7 

8.7 

2.2 

3.8 

3.8

Minimum.

3.0 

6.6 

2.2 

1.5 

.8 

2.2

Mean.

5.50 

89.8 

4.77 

3.22 

1.41 

2.87 

2.04 

1.5

Per 

square 

mile.

0.021 

.339 

.018 

.012 

.0053 

.011 

.0077 

.0057

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.02 

.38 

.02 

.01 

.006 

.01 

.009 

.007

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

D. 

D.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

MOUSE RIVER AT MINOT, N. DAK.

Location. At the Anne Street footbridge northeast of the Great Northern Railway 

roundhouse at Minot, N. Dak.

Records available. May 5, 1903, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 8,400 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff attached to pier of the Anne Street Bridge. The original 

gage, superseded in 1910 by this gage, was at a bridge about 40 rods farther 

upstream. At low stage, because the water is ponded by a dam below, there 

is no appreciable slope in the water surface and the gage zeros at the old and 

present sites have the same elevation; at high stage there is a slight slope in the 

water surface; hence, at highest stage the present gage would read slightly less 

than the original gage would have done, but the difference is probably less than 

0.1 foot, even'at extreme high water. Datum unchanged.

Channel. Clay and silt; slightly shifting. 

70057° WSP 305 13 4
50 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Discharge measurements. Made from the Anne Street Bridge at medium and 

high stages. At low stage made by wading some rods below the dam at the Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie Railway water tank.

Winter flow. The relation of gage height to discharge is somewhat affected by ice 

from about the middle of November to the middle of April; if the river is low 

enough to be controlled at the gage entirely by the weir formula due to the dam, 

the effect of the ice is not so considerable. In most winters the discharge is very 

small, as has been found by actual discharge measurement occasionally. Thus, 

from a few gage readings each winter estimates of flow may be made which are 

not in error to the amount of a large quantity of water.

Regulation. A dam 4 feet high at the Minneapolis, St. Paul & Sault Ste. Marie 

Railway water tank, 1 mile below the gage (along the channel), raises the water 

at the gage about 3 feet at ordinary low stage. The dam has no sluices, being 

designed merely to give enough depth of water for the intake-pipe suction; but 

it is not absolutely tight. When the discharge is less than about 6 second-feet 

the water level falls below the crest of the dam. The crest of the dam is nearly 

level and can be considered as a broad-crested weir until (at gage reading about 

6.0 feet) corrections for submergence of the weir by the filling of the channel 

below the weir need be applied. The dam was raised about 0.7 foot in March, 

1911; previous to that time ordinary low-water level at the gage was 0.7 foot less 

than now.

Accuracy. The percentage errors of the results for the low-water period in 1911 

may be largely due to small errors by the gage observer and the undetermined 

leakage through the dam, although the error is but a few second-feet. At medium 

stages the results are good.

Discharge measurements of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., in 1911.

Date.

Aug. 3

17

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.49

4.54

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

18.3

21.8

NOTE. Measurements made by wading below the "Soo" Railway's dam.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., for 1911. 

[Ephraim Cox, observer.]

Day.

1.... ...............

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

Mar. Apr.

4.40

A *,

4.5

4.55

4.55

4.6

4.6

4.55

4.65

4.8

5.2

5.5

5.65

5.75

5.85

May.

7.55

7.5

7.45

7.4

7.35

7.3

7.2

7.15

7.1

7.0

6.95

6

OC

6.75

6.7

6.65

June.

5.3

^ 4

5.45

5.5

5.45

5.45

5.4

5.4

5.35

5.35

5.3

5.3

5.25

5.25

5.2

July.

4.8

4 fi

4.75

4.75

4.75

4.75

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.6

4.6

Aug.

4.45

4.45

4.5

4.5

4.55

4.55

4.55

4.55

4.55

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.45

Sept.

4.2

4 1 »;

4.15

4.15

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.25

A 9>;

4.2

4.2

41^

4.15

4.0

4.0

Oct.

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.85

3.9

3.95

3.95

4.0

4.05

Nov.

4.4

4.4

4.45

4.45

4.45

4.45

4.45

4.5

4

K

4.5

Dec.

4.1
HUDSON BAY DBAIFAGE AEEA. 51 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., for 1911 Continued.

Day.

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20.. .................

21...................

22

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Mar.

4.1

4.1

4.15

4.2

4.2

4.25

4.3

4.35

4.35

4.4

4 45

4.45

Apr.

5.95

6

9

a QC

6.5

6

ft

6.75

6.85

6.95

7.15

7 Q

7

9C

7 A K.

7.55

7.65

May.

6.55

6.45

6

0

6 9

A 1

5.95

K. Q

5.75

5.6

5.55

5.5

5.45

5.3

6

oe

6 OK

5.2

June.

e o

5.15

5.15

5.1.

5.1

5.0

5.0

4 9

4 Q

4 85

4 OR

4.8

4.8

4.8

July.

4.6

4.6

4

c

4.6

4.55

4.55

4.55

4.55

4 55

4.55

4.5

4.5

4.5

4 45

4.45

4.45

Aug.

4.45

4.45

4.45

4.4

4 45

4.45

4.5

4.5

4.5

4 45

4 4>5

4.4

4 4

4.25

4.25

4.2

Sept.

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.95

3.95

3.95

3.8

3.8

3.8

3

0

3.75

3.75

3.75

3.7

3 7

Oct.

4.05

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.15

4.15

4.15

4.15

4.15

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.3

4.3

4.35

4.35

Nov.

4.2

Dec.

4.1

NOTE. Gage heights July 1 to Nov. 10 above are corrected values, but may be from 0.1 to 0.3 foot in 

error as result of mistake made by gage observer.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., for 1911.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11 ...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14. ..........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

19

1Q

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

Ofi

oo

80...........................

31..

Mar.

2 a

3

-1

3 a

4.4

5 q

7

f<

10

10

14

14

Apr.

14

18

18

24

24

30

30

24

38

64

146

914

250

274

300

325

391

432

472

4QQ

MQ

>ifi4

589

636

670

fiSfl

702

799

744

733

May.

7OO

719

702

691

680

670

648

636

625

601

589

564

EOQ

EOfi

512

486

458

418

391

364

*>o£

9S7

07 *

OQQ

O1 A

202

168

157

157

146

June.

168

191

214

OA9

OAO

191

191

180

180

1 (?Q

168

157

1 £7

146

146

iqc

135

124

103

103

QQ

QQ

74

74

64

64

fid

55

July.

64

64

55

55

55

55

46

46

46

qo

qo

qo

qo

on

30

30

30

30

30

24

24

24

24

24

24

is

to

IS

14

14

14

Aug.

14

14

18

18

24

24

24

24

24

18

1ft

1 ft

1 ft

1 Q

14

14

14

14

10

14

14

18 to

IS

14

14

10

10

4 4

4.4

Sept.

3.6

3 1

3.1

3.1

3.6

3.6

3.6

4.4

4.4

3.6

3.6

3.1

3.1

1 Q

1.9

1.9

1 Q

1 9

1.6

1.6

1.6

1

1

1

1

.8

.8

.8

.7

.7

Oct.

0.7

.7

.7

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.6

1.9

2.2

2.2

2.6

2.6

2.6

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.6

3.6

3.6

5.3

5.3

7.6

7.6

Nov.

10

10

14

14

14

14

14

18

18

18

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of discharge rating curve that was made by considering 

the Soo Dam as a broad-crested weir, with corrections for velocity of approach, for the slope of the upstream 

face, for the submergence or partial submergence of the weir when the reading at the gage is greater than 

6 feet, and for the backwater function or slope of the water surface between the weir and the gage, suitable 

coefficients for use in the computations having been secured by successive approximations until the table 

fits closely the discharge measurements made during 1911. Discharge Nov. 10 to Dec. 31 estimated, 

because of ice, from observer's notes, climatologic records, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas. Mean 

discharge Nov. 10 to 30 estimated s second-feet, varying from about 3 to 16 second-feet. Mean discharge 

Dec. 1 to 31 estimated 2 second-feet.
52 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PABT V.

Monthly discharge of Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak., for 1911.

[Drainage area, 8,400 square miles.]

Month.

Marchl9-31................

April.......................

May........................

July........................

September. ................

December. . ................

The period ...........

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

14 

744 

722 

214 

64 

24 

4.4 

7.6 

18

Minimum.

2.6 

14 

146 

55 

14 

3.6 

.7 

.7

. Mean.

6.80 

339 

449 

138 

34.1 

15.6 

2.27 

2.55 

10.1 

2

Per 

square 

mile.

0.00081 

.040 

.053 

.016 

.0041 

.0019 

.00027 

.00030 

.0012 

.00024

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area.

0.0004 

.04 

.06 

.02 

.005 

.002 

.0003 

.0003 

.001 

.0003

Total in 

acre-feet.

175 

20,200 

27,600 

8,210 

2,100 

959 

135 

157 

601 

123

60,300

Accuracy.

D. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

D.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.

EVAPOEATION AT UNIVERSITY, N. DAK.1

The evaporation gage at University, N. Dak., was established April 

17, 1905. It is located on a pool in a ravine called English Coulee, 

which runs through the campus of the University of North Dakota, 

which is immediately west of Grand Forks, N. Dak., and 2 miles west 

of the Minnesota boundary.

The records at this station were continued in 1911, daily observations being made during the entire open season, except the first two 

weeks. The gage was protected from disturbance, and the records 

of observations are reliable.

The coulee drains about 60 square miles of very level prairie. 

Except for brief freshets the flow in the coulee is small, varying from 

1 second-foot or less to 20 second-feet. In very dry weather the water 

lies in pools with scarcely any perceptible flow.

A heavy galvanized-iron tank, 3 feet square and 18 inches deep, is 

placed in the center of an anchored raft, so that the water in the tank 

is at the same level as the water surface outside. The tank is filled 

nearly to the top, to a height precisely marked by the pointed tip of 

a vertical rod in the center of the tank. Once each day, after the 

change produced by evaporation or rainfall, the water level is restored 

to the original height, the precise amount of water transferred being 

measured with a cup of such size that one cupful of water is equivalent 

to 0.01 inch depth in the tank.

A standard rain gage is located on the open prairie about 10 rods 

distant. On days of rainfall the difference (which is usually small) 

between the quantity measured by the rain gage and the surplus in 

the tank is considered the total evaporation for the day.

1 For complete description of this station and records of evaporation, rainfall, and temperature for 1905, 

1908, see Water-Supply Paper U. S. aeol. Survey No. 245,1910, pp. 64-67,
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AKEA. 53

Observations were made usually about a half hour before sunset. 

The temperature of the water recorded is the observation of the water 

in the tank; as the tank is a metal tank, it has been found that at 

that time of the day there is rarely a perceptible difference in temperature reading between the water within and without the tank. 

The temperature of the air as recorded is the mean of the readings of 

the standard self-recording maximum and the self-recording minimum 

thermometers for the preceding 24 hours.

The following table shows for each 10-day period during 1911 the 

gross evaporation, the total rainfall, and the mean temperatures for 

the 10 observations of the water and of the air.

Evaporation, rainfall, and temperature at University, N. Dak., for 1911. 

[T. T. Quirke and Thos. G. Johnson, observers.]

Date.

Apr. 22-30.. ...............:....................................

Ifey 1-10. ......................................................

May 11-20... ...................................................

May 21-31......................................................

June 1-10..... . .................................................

June 1 1-20. .....................................................

June 21-30..... .................................................

July 1-10. ......................................................

July 11-20. .....................................................

July 21-31. .....................................................

Aug. 1-10. .....................................................

Aug. 1 1-20 .....................................................

Aug. 21-31.... ..................................................

Sept. 1-10. .....................................................

Sept. 11-20. ....................................................

Sept. 21-30. ....................................................

Oct. 1-10. ......................................................

Oct. 11-21 ......................................................

Oct. 21-31 ......................................................

Evaporation.

Inches. 

1.80 

1.60 

.94 

1.17 

.53 

1.69 

2.11 

2.01 

2.05 

2.07 

1.13 

1.50 

1.36 

1.03 

.75 

.54 

.46 

.53 

.30

23.57

Rainfall.

Inches. 

0.00 

.64 

1.90 

.63 

3.83 

.44 

.51 

1.02 

.26 

.78 

1.66 

.47 

1.25 

.56 

.41 

.10 

.83 

.03 

.08

15.40

Mean temperature.

Water.

°F. 

51 

54 

59 

62 

72 

73 

73 

76 

68 

67 

66 

72 

60 

59 

56 

50 

50 

53 

38

Air.

0 F.

54 

52 

61 

59 

69 

67 

70 

71 

60 

64 

65 

68 

58 

57 

58 

48 

51 

49 

28

RAINY RIVER BASIN. 

RAINY RIVER AT INTERNATIONAL FALLS, MINN.

Location. At the steamboat dock half a mile below the dam at International Falls.

Records available. March 1, 1907, to December 31, 1911, from Geological Survey 

records, and August 14 to December 31,1911, from an independent interpretation 

of power-house records by the Canadian Department of Public Works.

Drainage area. 14,600 square miles. *

Gage. Vertical staff. Prior to April 20, 1911, the gage heights were furnished 

through the courtesy of the Minnesota & Ontario Power Co. They were referred 

to a gage located just below the dam, first on the American side but later on the 

Canadian side. On April 20, 1911, a gage was installed by the United States 

Geological Survey at the American steamboat dock below the falls. The zero 

of the latter gage is 460.99 feet above that of the power company's gage, when 

the slope 2 of the river between the two points is considered. The gage heights 

given herein are referred to the Geological Survey gage.

i Revised since previous report. « Slope determined at gage height 2.65 feet.
54 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Discharge measurements for the purpose of rating 

the section have been made by the Geological Survey since 1909, by means of a 

boat and cable at a section several hundred yards below the gage, where an 

island divides the river into two channels. Additional measurements referred 

to the same gage have been made by Canadian Government engineers and furnished through their courtesy.

Winter flow. Although the dam prevents ice forming at the power company's gage, 

which is used during the winter months, ice forms on the rapids several miles 

below, causing serious backwater at the gage. Since 1909 and 1910 the monthly 

estimates during the frozen period have been based indirectly on records of 

flow through the turbines, as kept by the power company, and upon a few discharge measurements. Previous to 1910 the winter estimates can be considered 

only very approximate.

Regulation. The low-water flow'at the station is controlled by the operation of the 

power plants at the dam, as shown by the drop in gage heights on Sundays during 

portions of 1910 and 1911. The flow during the summer and fall months of 1911 

does not represent the natural run-off from the drainage basin, as during that 

period the water level above the dam rose 5 feet. As the dam backs up the 

water in Rainy Lake, this rise represents a large increase in storage.

Accuracy. Although the channel is practically permanent, the conditions for 

measuring the flow are not of the best, and therefore the results of the measurements are somewhat erratic. See "Winter flow."

Discharge measurements of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

July 13

14

Aug. 12

Sept. 19

Dec. 5

Hydrographer.

R. Follansbee and S. B. 8o-al&... .........................................

S. B.SoulS. ....................... ....................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do........................... . ... ............................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.93

2. 68

.53

.70

2.73

2.02

63.14

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

5,880

6,720

04,750

. 4,010

6,510

5,910

5,890

a Rejected; affected by motion of boat due to waves. & Backwater from ice.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn., for 1911. 

[George St. Lawrence, observer.]

Day.

1.... .........

3.............

4.............

5............

6.............

7.. ...........

8.............

9.............

10.............

11.............

12.............

13.............

14.............

15.............

Jan.

(a) 

0.47

1.57

1.87

1.77

1.77

2.57

(a)

.67

1.87

2.07

2.37

2.17

(a)

Feb.

1.27 

1.27

1.47

1.57

(a)

.47

1.47

1.67

1.67

1.67

1.57

(a)

.47

Mar.

1.17 

1.22

1.37

1.87

(a)

1.07

Apr.

.......

May.

-0.31 

.55

.68

.62

.64

.64

.72

.94

1.66

1.60

95

o-.27

.76

June.

2.30

2 9A

a.85

.85

2.60

2 Aft

2.66

2 A9

S

on

al.20

2 AC

3 on

4.12

July.

0.64

o-l.OO

.35

.78

.70

.75

0.55

.60

.90

.65

.70

.74

.90

Aug.

2.55 

2.54

2.70

2.65

2.45

1.35

2.60

2.64

2.74

2.85

2

0,1

2.55

2.85

Sept.

2.71

2 7fl

2.70

2.36

2.46

2.64

2.54

9 fid

2.50

2.36

2.40

2.40

2.36

2.36

2.40

Oct.

1.6 

.95

1.70

1.85

1.85

1.9

1.75

1.32

1.08

1 ^Ifi

1.84

1 SQ

1.88

1.69

.95

Nov.

1.58 

1.60

1.50

1.25

0.68

1.00

1.35

1.32

1 4fl

1 Aft

1.25

2 1C

2 fiQ

3.01

3.20

Dec.

3.30

3 OR

2

QA

2.66

3.14

3.08

2

QA

9 Qfi

3.09

2 AF*

2.12

2 fin

2.65

2.65

2.58

o Power plant closed.
HUDSON BAY DBAINAGE AEEA. 55 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn.,for 1911 Con.

Day.

16.............

17.............

18.............

19.............

20. ............

21.............

22. ............

23.............

24.............

25............. 

26.............

27.............

28............. 

29.............

30.............

31.............

Jan.

.85

1.37

1.87

1.37

1.27

1.27

(°)

.47

1.07

.87 

.97

1.07

1.37

(0)

.37

1.17

Feb.

1.17 

(«)

.37

1.07

Mar. Apr.

1.26

1.01

1.08

.95

.94

.30

.52

.58 

.40

.30

.16 

.04

- .29

May.

1.22

2.11

1.51

1.98

1.92

o-.25

1.06

2.06

2.16

2.17 

1.85

2.13

o-.Ol

.78

2.10

2.26

June.

3.98

3.15

ol.OO

1.24

2.66

2.90

2.84

2.38

1.80

"1.80 

1.61

1.70

1.65

1 AQ

.75

July.

o.30

.61

64

.53

 04

- .08

- .08

(«)

(°)

.72 

2.11

2.31

 2.52 

2.68

o.31

1.41

Aug.

2.74

2.74

2

QA

2.80

«1.95

2.40

2.74

2.74

2.92

2.72 

2.88

ol.92

2.40 

2.55

2.71

2.70

Sept.

2.09

ol.35

ol.21

2.00

2.15

2.00

1.72

2.01

ol.25

o.61 

1.70

1.70

1.82 

i oft

Oct.

1.00

1.58

1 7S

1 89

9 fU

1.75

1 1Q

1.00

1.05

1.75 

1 84

1.92

1.84 

1 48

on

1.40

Nov.

3.18

3.22

3 OR

1.60

2.31

3.25

3.35

3.35

3.50

3.68 

3.08

2.10

3.08 

3.22

3.28

Dec.

2.48

1.98

1.52

2.56

2.50

2.48

2.41

.95

.10 

1.85

3.38

3.65

3 7fi

3.48

2.55

o Power plant closed.

NOTE. There was backwater from ice gorging in rapids below the station Mar. 1 to 31 and Dec. 1 to 31,1907; 

Jan. 1 to Feb. 28, and Dec. 1 to 31,1908; Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, and Nov. 27 to Dec. 31,1909; Jan. 1 to Apr. 10, 

and Dec. 1 to 31,1910; Jan. 1 to Mar. 31, and Nov. 13 to Dec. 31,1911.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn., for 1907-1911.

Day.

1907. 

1....................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29. ...................................

30....................................

31....................................

1908. 

1. ...................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7..........-... ...................

9....................................

W.. ..................................

Apr.

5,840

5,270

5,270

5,130

4,990

4,990

5,130

5,270

5,130

5,130

5,270

5,130

5,130

5,130

4,990

4,860

4,860

5,130

5,270

5,270

5,340

5,410

5,900

6,400

6,860

6,860

7,020

6,560

6,560

6,420

4,580

May.

6,270

6,490

6,720

7,020

7,170

7,320

7,240

7,160

7,320

7,160

7,320

7,320

7,320

7,160

7,550

7,940

8,710

9,180

9,660

9,820

9,820

9,660

9,660

9,820

9,820

9,980

10,100

10,800

10,800

10,600

10,600

June.

10,500

10,300

10,100

9,820

9,660

9,500

9,580

9,660

9,580

9,500

9,500

9,660

9,740

9,820

9,870

9,820

9,980

9,980

10,100

10,100

10,200

10,400

10,600

10,800

10,900

11,000

11,100

11,200

11,300

11,500

12,400

14,600

July.

11,700

11,900

12,200

12,300

12,400

12,500

12,600

12,700

12,700

12,800

12,800

12,900

12,900

13,000

13,000

13,000

13,100

13,200

13,300

13,400

13,500

13,600

13,700

13,700

13,600

13,600

13,500

13,500

13,400

13,300

13,300 

13,200

13,200

13,200

13,200

13,200

13,200

13,400

13,500

13,400

13,400

Aug.

13,200

13,200

13,200

13,200

13,300

13,300

13,300

13,500

13,500

13,500

14,700

15,900

16,100

16,100

16,100

15,900

15,600

15,600

16,100

16,100

16,200

16,200

16,200

16,200

16,300

16,400

16,500

16,500

16,600

16,700

17,200 

14,500

14,500

14,400

14,300

14,200

14,100

14,100

14,000

14,000

14,000

Sept.

17,200

17,200

17,200

17,200

17,200

17,200

17,200

17,200

17,300

17,300

17,300

17,200

17,300

17,300

17,300

17,300

17,300

17,300

17,300

17,700

17,700

17,900

18,100

18,100

18,100

18,100

18,100

18,100

18,000

18,000

12,800

12,600

12,500

12,400

12,300

12,200

12,100

12,100

12,000

12,000

Oct.

17,800

17,800

17,800

17,700

17,700

17,800

17,800

17,800

17,700

17,800

17,700

17,700

17,700

17,700

17,500

17,300

17,300

17,300

17,300

17,200

17,000

16,800

16,700

16,500

16,500

16,500

16,400

16,400

16,500

16,500

16,500 

10,900

10,800

10,800

10,700

10,600

10,500

10,400

10,300

10,200

10,100

Nov.

16,400

16,400

16,300

16,200

16,200

16,200

16,100

16,100

16,100

16,000

15,900

15,700

15,600

15,400

15,400

15,400

15,300

15,200

15,100

15,100

14,900

14,800

14,600

14,600

14,600

14,500

14,500

14,400

14,400

14,400

8,630

8,560

8,400

8,240

8,240

8,090

7,940

7,860

7,780

7,780
56 SUEFACE WATEfr SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn.,for 1907-

1911 Continued.

Day.

1908. 

11....................................

12....................................

13................ ...................

14...................................

15....................................

16. ...................................

17....................................

18...................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....... ............... ..............

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

1909. 

1. ....... ..........................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

&....................................

7............. .......................

8....................................

9........ . .........................

10....................................

11........ ...........................

12. .. ... . ............

13 ....... ........................

14...................................

15....................................

16....................................

17. ...................................

18....................................

19....................................

20...........--..---.-. ...............

21....................................

22. ...................................

23....................................

24. ...................................

25....................................

26. ...................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30. ...................................

31....................................

1910. 

1....................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10. ...................................

11.................................. .

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

!«..... ...............................

Apr.

7,470

jo goo

'

5,550

5,270

5,130

A oon

4 450

4,380

4,180

4,050

3,920

3,780

2,260

2,260

2,140

1,780

1,430

1,430

431

1,200

1 39ft

1,550

1,660

1,780

i win

1,780

1,900

2,140

6,000

6,500

7 000

7 f*nn

8,000

S

cnn

9 000

9

cnr|

10,000

1A CAfl

10,600

10,600

10,400

10,400

10.600

May.

11,400

14,000

2,380

2,500

2,530

2,560

2

CQA

9 fiSfl

3,010

3 QQfl

3,780

S oon

3,920

3 Q9H

4 860

7,160

7,500

7,500

7 300

6,860

5,980

4,990

4,180

3

COA

3,010

2

Knn

1 900

1,550

1,200

865

11,700

11,900

11 900

11, 700

11,700

11,700

11,700

11,700

11,700 10 nrtrt

12,200

12,500

10 cnfi

9,620

9.620

June.

15,300

12,500

13,000

Q7fi

1,900

3,140

4,720

5,270

5,,690

4,580

5,980

6,120

6,420

6,120

6,490

6 860

7^020

7,160

7,020

7,160

7,160

7,160

7,160

8,400

9,020

9,340

9 Cflft

9,980

1ft 3Oft

10,600

10,900

8,660

10,300

8,660

8,660

8,660

9,140 Ift Qfift

10,300

11,900

U CflA

11,900

11,900

11,100

11,900

11.400

July.

13,300

13,400

13,500

13,500

13,600

13,700

14,200

14,700

15,100

15,400

15,300

15,200

15,100

15,000

14,900

14,800

14,700

14,600

14,600

14,600

14,500

10,900

10,900

11,100

11,000

10,900

11,100

10 900

11,100

11,100

11,000

10,800

10,800

9,820

9 980

9,820

10,300

10 800

11,300

11,300

U OArt

10,900

10,500

10,300

10,100

9,020

9,660

9,820

9,500

9,500

9,620

9,780

9 7&TY

9,680

R ftdn

8,980

8,660

7,270

7,040

6,370

7,120

6,670

6,970

6,820

6.670

Aug.

14,000

14,000

14,000

14,000

14,000

14,000

14.000

14,000

13,900

13,800

13,700

13,500

13,200

12,900

12,700

12,500

12,500

12,600

12,700

12,800

12,900

9,500

10,100

9,820

9,980

10, 100

10,200

10, 300

10 800

11,100

11,100

12,900 10 7nn

13,600

13,500

13,000

12,400

12,100

11,900

12,400

12,000

11,700

10,800

7,320

7,470

7 680

7, 880

8,090

7,940

4,010

6,080

6 080 e's70

6,150

6,150

4,140

5,370

6,230

5,510

4,810

5,230

5 37ft

4.410

Sept.

11,900

11,800

11,700

11,600

11,500

11,400

11,400

11,400

11,400

11,200

11,100

11,100

11,000

11,000

11,000

10,900

10,900

10,900

10,900

10,900

8,710

8,240

8,710

9,340

9,420

9,500

8,400

7,940

9,020

9

cnn

10,100

10,200

10,300

10, 100

10,100

10, 100

10, 100

9

QQA

8,560

8,560

8,710

8,710

8,860

8,860

8,860

8,860

8,860

8,860

8,710

5,370

5,090

5,090

5,090

5,090

5,090

5,090

5,090

5,090

5,090

5

OOA

4,950

4.950

Oct.

10,000

9,930

9,840

9,750

9,660

9,660

9,500

9,420

9,340

9,260

9,180

9,120

9,070

9,020

9,020

9,020

8,940

8,860

8,860

8,710

8,710

8,560

8,560

8,560

9,820

9,820

9,820

9,820

o onft

9,980

10,100

10,300

10, 100

9 050

8,530

8,020

7 con

7,020

7,160

8,240

8,560

9,180

9 340

9,820

9,980

9,660

9 fifift

Q 3J.ft

9,180

4 950

2,500

4,810

4,810

4,810

4,810

5,910

5,510

5,510

2,420

5,790

5 7QO

6,010

6,230

6.370

Nov.

7,620

7,620

7,620

7,620

7,470

7,320

7,320

7,320

7,320

7,320

7,160

7,090

7,020

7,020

6,860

6,860

6,860

6,860

6,790

6,720

8,860

8,510

8,130

7,750

7,370

6,990

6,610

6,230

5,750

 5 ^gQ

5,100

4,720

3,920

4,050

4,140

4,230

4,320

4

QOA

4 450

4,600

4,720

5,130

4,320

S

eort

3

QOA

5 ion

5,190

5,190

5,190

6,660

3,460

6,520

6,820

6,820

2,500

6,600

6,620

6,600

6,740

2 nnn

6.600
HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE AREA. 57

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn., for 1907-

1911 Continued.

Day.

1910. 

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19. ...................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29. ...................................

30....................................

31....................................

1911. 

1....................................

2....................................

3...................................T

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12. ...................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16. ...................................

17. ...................................

18....................................

19. ...................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

10,600

10,700

11,700

1Q rinn

13,600

13,600

13,600

13,600

19 onn

12,300

12,300

11,700

11,700

11,700

11 

' 400

2,600

2,600

2,800

3,000

3,000

3,200

3,200

3,400

3,400

3,600

3,600

3,800

4,000

4,200

4,400

4,600

4,800

4 460

4,560

4 OCA

4,370

3,520

3 Girt

3 con

3,650

3

1QA

2,770

May.

9,780

9,780

10,400

10,900

7,970

8,900

8,040

11,100

11,100

Ift ^ftn

8,660

9 7sn

9,780

9,680

9,280

9,280

2,740

3,850

4,020

3 940

3,970

3,840

3,120

2,970

4,070

4,370

5

ocn

5,270

4,380

2 7Qft

4,130

4,750

5,140

5,810

5,720

2 C9ft

4,530

5,920

6,070

6,080

5,620

6,020

3,120

4,150

5

QCA

6,210

June.

11,500

11,400

8,590

8,590

' 8,660

8,660

9,460

9,300

1ft J/tft

10,300

10,300

9,460

9,460

8,980

6,270

6,180

6,180

4,250

4,250

6,720

6,800

6,740

7,620

4,720

6,790

8,710

8

QQA

9 Afift

8,830

7,550

4,450

4,770

6

CAA

7,160

7,080

6,390

5

KKA

5

KCA

5,280

5,410

5,340

5,120

4,110

July.

6,370

6,370

3,610

6,150

6,080

5,940

5,510

4,950

4,950

4,870

4,680

4,460

4,460

5,650

5,940

6,080

3,970

2,500

1,900

1,900

3,590

4,150

4,050

4,110

3,920

4,320

3,980

4,050

4,100

4,320

3,520

3,930

3,970

3,820

3

AQn

3,030

3,030

2,200

2,200

4,070

5,990

6,280

6,600

6 840

4^870

5,000

Aug.

4,410

5,090

5,090

5,230

5,230

5,230

5,230

3,740

5,230

5,370

5,370

5,490

6,820

3,740

5,650

5,510

6,640

6,620

6,860

6,790

6,490

3,570

6,340

6,720

6,780

6,920

7 fiQfl

7 Afifl

3,940

6 640

7 non

6,920

6,920

7,220

7,020

5,760

6,420

6,920

6,920

7 200

6 Qnn

7,140

5,720

6,420

6 640 e'sso

6,860

Sept.

4,950

4,950

5,090

5,090

5,090

5,090

5,090

5,090

5,090

5,090

5,230

4,950

5,090

5,090

4,950

6,880

6,860

6,860

6,360

6,500

6,780

6,620

6,720

6,560

6,360

6,420

6,420

6,360

6,360

6,420

5,970

4,920

4,730

6,050

5,840

5,440

5,850

4

7QA

3,930

5,410

5,410

5,580

5,690

5,720

Oct.

2,340

3,480

5,300

6,010

6,080

6,010

6,150

2,500

3,600

6,640

6,640

6,600

6,500

6,520

2,500

5,480

5,270

4,380

5,410

5,620

5,620

5,690

5,480

4,880

4,560

4,960

5,610

5,680

5,660

5,400

4,380

4,450

5,240

5,520

5,680

5,890

5,480

4,710

4,450

4,520

5,480

5,610

5,720

5,610

5,100

4,320

4,990

Nov.

6,740

6,970

7,120

7,660

2,500

6,970

8,660

8,040

7,580

7.730

7,420

2,000

4,140

6,370

7,120

5,240

5,270

5,130

4,790

4,020

4,450

4,920

4,880

4,990

5,380

4,790

6,070

5,900

5,800

5,750

5,700

5,550

5,400

5,270

5,300

5,400

5,500

5,600

5,700

5,800

5,900

5,980

5,970

5,950

5,900

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined below 12,000 second-feet. Discharge estimated for days of missing gage heights, except from April 1 to June 30, 1908. Discharge estimated May 15 to 18, 1909, on account of possible backwater from Little Fork River. Daily discharge estimated Aug ~~ " ~~ "" "" ' - - -- --- ------ _-._-_...«

30,

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn., for 1911.a 

[Drainage area, 14,600 square miles.]

jai/eu may 10 10 10, i»u», on account 01 possioie oaoKWaier iruiu JUHLIB XOTK. mver. .uauy uisciiarge 

stimated Aug. 25, Nov. 27 to 30,1909; Apr. 1 to 10,1910; Apr. 1 to 17j Nov. 13 to 18, 20 to 26, and 28 to 

0,1911. No daily discharge estimate during greater part of winter period.

Day.

1.............................................................

2..............................................

3.............................................................

4.............................................................

5.............................................................

6.............................................................

7.............................................................

8. ............................................................

9.............................................................

10. ............................................................

Aug. Sept.

6,480

6,515

6,586

5,835

6,056

6,415

6,180

6,300

6,120

5,700

Oct.

5,180

4,110

5,250

5,505

5,500

5,560

5,220

4,475

4,160

4,680

Nov.

4,970

4,850

4,890

4,400

4,220

4,260

4,770

4,785

5,012

4,987

Dec.

5,630

5,615

4,815

4,605

5,570

5,575

5.605

5,690

6,095

5,090

From interpretation of power-house records by Canadian Department of Public Works.
58 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn.,for 1911 

Continued.

Day.

11.............................................................

12. ............................................................

13. ............................................................

14. ............................................................

15. ............................................................

16. ............................................................

17. ............................................................

18. ............................................................

19. ............................................................

20. ............................................................

21.............................................................

22. ............................... ...... .................

23.....................................:.......................

24. ............................................................

25.............................. ......... ..................

26.............................................................

27. ............................................................

28.............................................................

29. ............................................................

30. ............................................................

31.............................................................

Aug.

4,820

6,750

e;7so

6,470

6,385

6,650

5,134

4,847

6,540

6,585

6,711

6,510

6,740

5,294

4,968

6,500

6,510

6,500

Sept.

5,690

5,980

5,990

5,960

5,930

5,990

4,948

4,445

6,055

5,838

5,660

5,660

5,570

4,595

4,225

5,150

5,270

5,550

5,520

5,560

Oct.

5,470

5,480

5,490

5,050

4,180

4,100

4,675

5,300

5,490

5,470

4,880

4,500

4,480

5,015

5,435

5,445

5,475

5,260

4,410

3,960

4,840

Nov.

4,760

4,315

4,250

5,060

5,350

5,420

5,445

5,555

3,070

3,895

5,630

5,620

5,595

5,915

6,190

5,110

4,090

5,620

5,650

5,625

Dec.

4,635

5,645

5,670

5,660

6,650

5,705

4,940

4,370

5,670

5,700

5,670

5,700

5,640

1,080

2,000

5,355

5,990

6,100

6,085

5,705

3,330

Monthly discharge of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn.,for 1907-1911.° 

[Drainage area, 14,600 square miles.]

Month.

1907.

.May....................................

July....................................

1908.

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

October. ................................

The year. .........................

1909.

February ...............................

April...................................

May. ..

June. . ..................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

7,020 

10,800 

11,500 

13,700 

17,200 

18,100 

17,800 

16,400

15,400 

14,500 

12,800 

10,900 

8,630

5,550 

7,500 

10,900 

11.300

Minimum.

4,860 

6,270 

9,500 

11,700 

13,200 

17,200 

16,400 

14,400

is, 266

12,500 

- 10,900 

8,710 

6,720

431 

646 

976 

9,020

Mean.

65,500 

5,550 

8,500 

10,200 

13,000 

15,200 

17,500. 

17,200 

15,400 

613,000

612,000 

611,100 

69,280 

67,940 

6 12, 700 

613,600 

14,100 

13,700 

11,600 

9,680 

7,510 

66,500

10,800

66,000 

65,500 

65,500 

2,890 

3,760 

6,850 

10.600

Per

square 

mile.

0.377 

.380 

.582 

.699 

.890 

1.04 

1.20 

1.18 

1.05 

..890

.822 

.753 

.636 

.544 

.870 

.932 

.966 

.938 

.795 

.663 

.514 

.445

.740

.411

.377 

.377 

.198 

.258 

.469 

.726

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.43 

.42 

.67 

.78 

1.03 

1.20 

1.34 

1.36 

1.17 

1.03

.95 

.78 

.73 

.61 

1.00 

1.04 

1.11 

1.08 

.86 

.76 

.57 

.51

10.03

.47 

.39 

.43 

.22 

.30 

.52 

.84

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

a Revised since publication of" Report on water resources investigation of Minnesota during 1909-1910." 

z> Estimated.
HUDSON BAY DBAINAGE ABEA. 59 

Monthly discharge of Rainy River at International Falls, Minn.,for 1907-1911 Contd.

Month.

1909.

October. ................................

November. .............................

1910. 

January

February. . .............................

March. .................................

April ...................................

May..................................:.

June ....................................

July....................................

August. ................................

October. ................................

November ..............................

1911.

March ..................................

April ...................................

May....................................

June. . ..................................

July....................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

13,700 

10,300 

10,300 

8,860

13,700

13.600 

12,500 

11,900 

9,780 

6,820 

5,370 

6,640 

8,660

13,600

4,800 

6,210 

9,060 

6,840 

7,220 

6,880 

5,890 

6,070

9,060

Minimum.

7,320 

7,940 

7,020 

3,520

431

6,000 

7,970 

8,590 

3,610 

3,740 

4,950 

2,340 

2,000

a 2, 600 

2,740 

4,110 

1,900 

3,570 

4,730 

4,320 

4,020

Mean.

10,600 

9,250 

9,050 

5,400 

«5,000

6,700

o4.500 

o4,500 

"5,000 

10,600 

10,600 

10,000 

6,630 

5,280 

5,080 

5,120 

6,020 

64,300

6,470

62,860 

62.380 

62,530 

3,620 

4,600 

6,320 

3,970 

6,560 

5,990 

5,210 

5,410 

65,900

4,610

Per 

square 

mile.

0.726 

.634 

.620 

.370 

.342

.459

.308 

.308 

.342 

.726 

.726 

.685 

.454 

.361 

.348 

.351 

.412 

.295

.443

.196 

.163 

.173 

.248 

.315 

.433 

.272 

.449 

.410 

.357 

.371 

.404

.316

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.84 

.71 

.71 

.41 

.39

6.23

.36 

.32 

.39 

.81 

.84 

.76 

.52 

.42 

.39 

.40- 

.46 

.34

6.01

.23 

.17 

.20 

.28 

.36 

.48 

.31 

.52 

.46 

.41 

.41 

.47

4.30

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

« Estimated. 6 Estimate based on record of Minnesota & Ontario Power Co.

Monthly discharge qfajtainy River at International Falls, Minn., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 14,600 square miles.]

Month.

August 14-31 ..................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,750 

6,590 

5,560 

6,190 

6,100

Minimum.

4,820 

4,220 

3,960 

3,070 

1,080

Mean.

6,100 

5,730 

4,970 

4,980 

5,180

Per 

square 

mile.

0.418 

.392 

.340 

.341 

.355

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.28 

.44 

.39

.38 

.41

NOTE. Computed by engineers of the United States Geological Survey from the daily discharge values 

determined from power-house records and furnished by S. B. Johnson, hydraulic engineer, department 

of public works, Canada. See also table computed from data obtained at the United States Geological 

Survey gaging station for the same period.
60 SUBFACE ;WATEB SUPPLY, 1911, PABT/V.

RAINY LAKE AT EANIEE, MINN.

Location. At the foot of Rainy Lake at the foot of the Ranier wharf. 

Records available. January 1, 1910, to December 31, 1911. * 

Gage. Vertical staff. Prior to August 19, 1911, the gage heights were taken at the 

upper gage of the Minnesota & Ontario Power Co., just above the dam at International Falls, 2 miles below Ranier. This dam controls th£ level of Rainy Lake, 

which has an area of approximately 344 square miles. Owing to the great number 

of small islands in the lake its effective capacity is somewhat uncertain, as the 

existing maps are too small to show this accurately. Beginning August 19,1911, 

the gage heights refer to the gage established by the Canadian Department of 

Public Works. The datum of this gage is 489 feet above that of the Minnesota & 

Ontario Power Co.'s gage. Readings of the two gages indicate a slope of 0.50 feet 

between the two points. Thus to make the records at the two points comparable 

the readings on the Minnesota & Ontario gage have been reduced by 488.50 feet.

The records at this station, by indicating the change of water level, show the gain 

or loss in storage due to the control of the flow at the International Falls dam, and 

when used in connection with the records of flow of Rainy River at International Falls 

are of value in determining the natural run-off.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rainy Lake at Ranier, Minn.,for 1911. 

[George Schiller, observer.}

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7. ..............

8............... 

9...............

10...............

11............... 

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18. ..............

19...............

20. .............. 

21...............

22. .............. 

23............... 

24...............

25...............

26...............

27............... 

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

+0.15

- .05

- .10

- .10

- .15

- .45

- .10 

- .25

- .25

- .45 

- .35

- .40

- .02

- .15

- .35

__ OA

- .05

- .22

- .15 

- .10 

- .05

- .10

- .15

- .20

- .05 

- .20

- .20

Feb.

-0.15

- .20

- .20

- .05

- .15

- .20

- .30 

- .25

- .30

-"."is"

.......

-".'25'

- .25

- .40 

- .35

Mar.

-0.35

- .45

- .55

- .45

- .60

- .75 

-"."75"

- .85

- .55

- .65

- .65

- .65

- .75

- .65 

- .65 

- .65

- .65

- .65

- .65

- .55

- .60 

- .65

Apr.

- .68

- .65

- .65

- .67

- .65

- .70 

- .65

- .60

- .37

_ 45

- .35

- .10

- .10

- .10

.00

+ .05

+ .17 

+ .30

+ .33 

+ .37 

+ .40

+ ,55

+ .60

+ .65

May.

0.55

.55

.65

.70

.70

.80

.75 

.67

.29

.35

.76

1.23

.81

.60

1.05

.73

.63

97

.80 

.72

.85

1.00

1 00

"i."20"

1.14 

1.20

1.25

June.

1.35

1.43

1.75

1.50

1.65

1.85

1.86 

2.00

2.65 

2.35

2.40

2.50

2.45

2.53

2

7K

2.79

2.84 

9 on

3.00

3.24

3.25

3.34

3

CK

3.57 

i fin

July.

3.75

3.80

3.75

3.75

4.00 "i'go"

3.80

"4." 65"

4.07

4. 1C

4.20

4.25

4 on

4.35

4.35 

4 35

"4." 45"

4.28

4.25

4.32

4.28

Aug.

4.53

4.58

4.58

4.50

4.72

4.70

4.68 

4.61

4.63

4.60

4.80

M4- 60

»4.65

4.65

4.65

4.54

4.55

4.62

4.60 

4.60

4.59 

4.58 

4.52

4.52

4.54

4.60 

4.61

4.60

4 60

Sept.

4.56

4.55

4.53

4.53

4.53

4.52

4.50

4.48 

4.46

4.44

4.40 

4.40

4.40

4.38

4.35

4.35

4.34

4.26

4.28

4.29 

4.28

4.29 

4.29 

4.26

4.25

4.20

4.20 

4.20

4.21 

4.20

Oct.

4.20

4.20

4.20

4.20

4.20

4.20

4.20

4.20 

4.20

4.20

4.20 

4.20

4.20

4.20

4.18

4.18

4.18

4.16

4.13

4.08 

4.12

4.12 

4.09 

4 08

4.03

4.03

4.00

3

QQ

3.92 

3.92

Nov.

3.92

3.82

3.82

3-85

3.86

3.86

3-82

3.83 

3.79

3.70

"s.'ei'

3.71

3.76

3.80

3.80

3-80

S

on

3.80

3.76 

3.74

3.73 

3.72 

3.71

3.70

3.68

3.66

3

ftA

3.62 

3.60

Dec,

3.58

3.56

3.54

3.52

3.50

3.50

3.50

3.50

3.50

3.48

3.46 

3.44

3.42

3.40

3.38

3.36

3.35

3.35

3.33

3.31 

3.29

3.27 

3.25 

3.23

3.22

3.20

3.18 

3.17

3.16 

3.15

LITTLE FORK RIVER AT LITTLE FORK, MINN.

Location. At the lower of the two highway bridges in Little Fork in sec. 9, T. 68 N.,

R. 25 W., 1J miles above the mouth of Beaver Brook. 

Records available. June 23, 1909, to December 31, 1911.
HUDSON BAY DEAI3STAGE AEEA. 61

Drainage area. 1,720 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged since establishment.

Channel. Practically permanent, except for temporary backwater from log jams

at the railroad bridge below the station. 

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge. 

Winter flow. The river is completely frozen over at the station from November

to April. 

Utilization. Log driving, although there are no logging dams on the river for the

purpose of controlling the natural flow.

Discharge measurements of Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

Apr. 4o

186

196

June 9

July 15

Dec. 12 c

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

S. B. SoulcS........ .......................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

10.80

15.46

15.00

11.06

5.20

6.00

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

1,400

3,730

3,580

2,390

144

156

a Measurement under ice cover. 

* Backwater from log jam.

c Under complete ice cover about 300 feet above gage; average thickness of ice 0.71 foot; 9 inches snow on 

ice; water about 0.15 foot over ice.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn., for 1911. 

[Herman Muus, observer.]

Day.

1........ ...........

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6......... ..........

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

10

20. ..................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Mar.

11.30

12.15

12.50

12.50

Apr.

12.50

11.80

11.45

10.80

10.20

9.95

9.75

9.25

8.88

8.70

8.68

9.75

13.25

15.95

17.70

18.30

16.45

15.39

15.05

14.30

12.60

12.25

11.80

11.34

10.75

in QO

10.00

9

EQ

9.38

May.

9.18

9.05

G.CO

8.65

8.30

7.90

7.05

7.40

7.35

7.20

7.40

7.55

7.58

7.05

7.68

7.69

7.58

7.95

8.50

8.35

8.20

8.50

8.70

8.55

7.70

7.70

7.95

9.31

8.40

8.00

June.

8.41

9.20

9.70

10.10

10. CO

10.92

11.50

10.80

11.20

11.35

13.90

14.80

16.77

17.20

16.00

14.72

12.74

10.04

9.72

8 40

7.91

7.45

7.09

7.00

6.81

6 48

6.37

6.18

July.

6.08

6.00

5. SO

5.72

5.65

5.62

5.58

5.50

5.42

5.37

5.35

5.31

5.26

5.22

5.20

5.20

5.20

5.20

5.19

5.19

5.20

5.20

5.16

5.20

5.24

5.25

5.39

5.64

5.68

5.60

6.60

Aug.

7.05

7.40

7.25

7.10

7.12

6.9S

6.95

7.15

7.05

6.88

6.75

6.35

6.51

6.59

6.60

6.42

6.32

6.30

6.12

5.96

5.80

5.95

5.80

5.75

5.74

5.96

6.15

6.42

6.31

6.30

6.30

Sept.

6.42

6.32

6.05

5.94

6.10

6.35

6.65

7.30

7.45

7.70

7.72

7.70

7.60

7.50

7.30

7.15

6.80

6.50

6.50

6.40

6.32

6.10

5.95

5.90

5.95

5.85

5.80

5.90

6.35

6.25

Oct.

6.20

6.21

6.26

6.35

6.50

6.49

6.40

6.35

6.25

6.18

6.05

5.95

5.95

5.92

5.90

5.92

6.00

6.00

6.10

6.10

6.10

6.05

6.00

5.95

5.80

5.80

5.78

5.72

5.70

5.76

5.80

Nov.

5.80

5.80

5.80

5.80

5.80

5.80

5.80

5.80

5.80

5.88

5.90

5.90

6.0

6.35

5.7

5.9

5.9

6.0

Dec.

5.9

5.9

5.9

6.0

6.05

6.10

6.15

6.10

6.10

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 1 to Apr. 7 and Nov. 10 to Dec. 31. Ice at gage about 8 to 16 inches thick during 

November and about 18 inches thick during December, Backwater from log jams Apr. 12 to 20 and June 

10 to 17,
62 SUEFACE WATBE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1..................... ...............

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10. ...................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18. ...................................

19....................................

20. ...................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24. ...................................

25....................................

26. ...................................

27....................................

28....................................

29. ...................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

900

1,000

1,150

1,400

1 4flft

1,450

1,500

1,570

1,400

1,320

1,310

1 TQn

1,800

1,850

1,950

3,000

3,400

3,730

3,580

3,370

3,160

3,160

2 980

2' 760

2,530

2,240

2,050

1 900

1 720

1,630

May.

1,540

1,480

1,410

1,300

1,150

989

890

793

774

719

7QQ

850

862

QQA

oni

90S

c«9

1,010

1,230

1,170

1,110

1,230

1 Qon

1 OCA

ono

ono

1,010

1 CQA

1 540

1 190

1,030

June.

1,190

1,540

1,770

1,950

2,260

2,320

2,610

2,260

2,460

2,540

2,540

2,530

2,530

2,520

2,510

2,500

2,500

1,920

1,780

1 480

1 1QA

993

811

679

647

"US1

476

AA*}

406

OQA

July.

363

365

312

269

252

245

235

216

198

186

182

173

163

154

150

150

150

148

148

150

142

150

158

ifin

191

ocn

94ft

513

Aug.

665

793

738

705

690

630

630

701

665

605

562

438

485

510

513

458

429

423

373

331

289

328

289

276

274

331

382

458

426

423

423

Sept.

458

429

354

325

368

438

529

756

811

909

917

909

870

831

756

701

578

482

482

452

429

368

328

315 328-

302

289

315

438

409

Oct.

395

398

412

438

482

479

452

438

409

390

354

328

328

320

315

320

341

341

368

368

368

354

341

328

289

289

284

269

264

279

289

Nov.

289

289

289

289

289

289

289

289

289

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined below 3,000 second-feet. Discharge 

estimated Apr. 1 to 7 because of backwater from ice and Apr. 12 to 20 and June 10 to 17 because of backwater from fog jams below. Discharge Nov. 10 to Dee. 31 estimated, because of ice, from one discharge 

measurement, gage observer's notes, and climatologic records. Mean discharge Nov. 10 to 30 estimated 

175 second-feet, varying from about 140 to 280 second-feet. Mean discharge Dec. 1 to 31 estimated 145 

second-feet, varying from about 110 to 156 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,720 square miles.]

Month.

May.....................................

July.....................................

December.. . ............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,730 

1,590 

2,610 

513 

793 

917 

482 

289

Minimum.

900 

719 

390 

142 

274 

289 

264

Mean.

2,100 

1,080 

1,680 

212 

492 

529 

356 

209 

145

Per 

square 

mile.

1.22 

.628 

.977 

.123 

.286 

.308 

.207 

.122 

.084

Run-ofl 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.36 

.72 

1.09 

.14 

.33 

.34 

.24 

.14 

.10

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

C. 

C.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

BIG FORK RIVER AT BIG FALLS, MINN.

Location. At Big Falls, about 500 feet below the lower end of the rapids. 

Records available. August 27, 1909, to December 31, 1911. 

Drainage area. 1,320 square miles.
HUDSON BAY DBAINAGE ABBA. 63

Gage. Vertical staff. The gage was originally located at the Minnesota and International bridge above the falls, but jams at that point caused so much trouble 

that on June 10,1911, the station was moved to its present location, the new gage 

being set to read approximately 1 foot lower than the old gage. Gage heights 

for 1911 have been referred to the present gage by means of readings taken at both 

gages.

Channel. Unstable by reason of log jams forming below the gage.

Discharge measurements. From a car and cable one-fourth mile below the gage.

Accuracy. Although the new location is better than the old, it is not free from backwater caused by log jams. During the greater part of 1911 a log jam on the opposite side of the river and a short distance below extended about half way across 

the river and undoubtedly created some backwater at the gage. Estimates of 

discharge for 1911 are withheld for further data.

Discharge measurements of Big Fork River at Big Falls, Minn., 1911.

Date.

12

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

17.07

63.89

2.65

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

1,760

193

. 65.5

o Lower gage reading 6.07, measurement made from M. & I. Ry. bridge.

& Lower gage reading 2.99, measurement made at cable section.

c Complete ice cover, measured at cable section. Average thickness of ice, 0.7 foot.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Big Fork River at Big Falls, Minn., for 1911. 

[G. T. Robinson, observer.}

Day.

1...........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Apr.

5.57

5.47

5.52

' 5.57

5 fifi

5.57

5.47

5.37

5.32

5.32

5.13

5.03

May.

4.94

4.89

4.79

4.65

4.70

4.55

4.31

4.21

4.21

4.12

4.16

4.31

4.36

4.31

4

01

4.40

4.36

4.45

4.50

4.40

4.70

4.70

4.89

4.70

4.65

4.40

4.65

5.18

5.18

5.08

June.

4.89

4.98

5.18

5.47

z d7

5.52

5.32

5.52

5.76

6.14

6 on

6.30

6.30

5.90

5.50

5.20

5.10

5.10

5.00

a <*n

4.25

4.10

4.05

4.60

4.36

4.36

3.92

3.87

3.82

July.

3.73

3.58

3.56

3.47

3 44

3

qj

3 9O

3.20

3.10

3.00

2 91

3.00

2

QC

2.85

2

7C

2.80

2

7C

2 7O

2

7C

2.85

9 sn

2.72

2

7C

2.80

2 OK

2 OK

2 on

2.88

2.85

2.80

9 P.9

Aug.

3.20

4.00

4.45

4.50

4.45

4

QE

4 40

4.35

4.25

4.15

4.05

3.85

3.75

3.70

3.65

3.60

3

CK

3.35

3.60

3.50

3 40

3

JE

3.65

3.90

4.05

4.00

3.85

Sept.

3.70

3.70

3.68

3.85

3.95

4.05

4.15

4.20

4.15

4.25

4

OC

4.25

4.20

4.15

4.05

4.00

3 OK

3.85

3.80

3.85

3.80

3.80

3

QC

3.80

3 on

3 OK

3.90

3.95

4.00

4.05

Oct.

4.15

4.15

4.18

4.20

4.22

4.28

4.25

4.20

4.18

4.15

4.20

4.15

4.10

4.12

4.20

4.15

4.20

4 on

4.35

4.38

4.40

4 40

4.38

4.35

4.28

4.22

4.20

4.22

4.20

Nov.

4.10

3.90

3.75

3.60

3.80

4 00

4.20

4.22

4.22

4.28

4.12

4.05

4.00

3.65

3 Aft

3.4

2.8

3 A

9 Q

3.0

Dec.

3.0

3.0

Q n

2.65

2.65

2.6

2.6

2

0

2

Q

NOTE. These gage heights are all referred to a gage established June 10, those prior-to that date having 

been reduced by simultaneous readings of the two gages.
64 SUEPACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

VERMILION RIVER BELOW LAKE VERMILION, NEAR TOWER, MINN.

Location. Just below the dam at the outlet of Lake Vermilion in section 2, T. 63 N.,

R. 17 W., in St. Louis County, 4 miles above the mouth of Twomile Creek, which

enters from the west.

Records available. May 17, 1911, to December 31, 1911. 

Drainage area. 507 square miles. 

Gage. Vertical staff. 

Channel. Probably permanent. 

Discharge measurements. Made by means of car and cable just above the gage

section. 

Winter flow. Owing to the heavy fall at the gage section, amounting to 20 feet in

200 yards, there is little or no backwater from ice during the winter months. 

Accuracy. Conditions are favorable for fairly accurate results, the only uncertainty

being some inaccuracy in the discharge measurements owing to the very rocky

section.

Discharge measurements of Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

May 31

July 30

Hydrographer.

.....do.....................................................................

S. B. Soulc§ . . .............................................................

.....do....................................................... ............

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.94

1.88

1.32

0.93

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

«518

486

262

173

a With soundings corrected by measurement of June 30.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, Minn., for 1911. 

[Clarence M. Everett, observer.]

Day.

1. ...................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16. ...................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21............................... ....

22................. ..................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................... ............

28....................... ............

29....................................

30....................................

01

May.

I

Qe

9 HA

2.10

9 fifi

1.95

2.00

2.05

9 fifi

1 05

1.90

1 90

i on

1.90

1.90

1 95

June.

1.90

1.90

1.95

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.90

1.95

1.95

2.05

2.03

2.01

2.00

2.00

2.00

1.95

1.92

1.91

1.90

2.15

2.10

2.05

2.05

2.00

2.00

1.95

1.95

1.90

1.90

1.90

July.

1.90

1.85

1.80

1.75

1.73

1.72

1.71

1.60

1.60

1.50

1.45

1.40

1.35

1.33

1.30

1.35

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.20

1.10

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.30

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.32

1.32

1 59

Aug.

1.35

1.35

1.33

1.33

1.32

1.32

1.33

1.32

1.32

1.31

1.31

1.30

1.30

1.25

1.25

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.22

1.20

1.10

1.10

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

.90

on

Sept.

0.90

.90

.90

.90

.90

1.00

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.30

1.20

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.00

1.00

.98

.96

.94

.90

.90

.90

.90

.90

on

.88

.86

.85

Oct.

0.85

.85

.84

.84

.85

.85

.85

.84

.84 .84-

.84

.85

.84

.84

.84

.84

.85

.86

.86

.85

.84

.83

.82

.80

.78

.76

.74

.72

.71

.70

.70

Nov.

0.71

.68

.66

.64

.62

.60

. .60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.62

.63

.65

.68

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

Dec.

0.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. 65

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1........... .................. ......

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8..................... ..............

9................................. ..

10....................................

11............................. ......

12......... ..........................

13........... ................ ... ....

14....................................

15............... ........... . ......

16....... .............................

17... ................................

18. ...................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22. ...................................

23....................................

24. ...................................

25. ...................................

26. ...................................

27....................................

28. ...................................

29. ..................................

30....................................

31....................................

May.

515

540

595

540

515

540

568

540

515

490

490

490

490

490

515

June.

490

490

515

490

490

490

490

515

515

568

556

546

540

540

540

515

500

495

490

622

595

568

568

540

540

515

515

490

490

490

July.

490 466

442

420

411

4O7

402

358

358

321

304

287

272

266

257

272

272

257

257

231

208

257

257

257

257

272

272

272

263

263

263

Aug.

272

272

266

266

263

263

266

263

263

260

260

257

257

244

244

231

231

231

244

244

244

236

231

208

208

187

187

187

187

167

167

Sept.

167

167

167

167

167

187

321

321

321

257

231

208

208

208

208

208

187

187

183

179

175

167

167

167

167

167

167

163

159

158

Oct.

158

158

156

156

158

158

158

156

156

156

156

158

156

156

156

156

158

159

159

158

156

154

152

148

144

141

137

134

132

130

130

Nov.

132

127

124

120

117

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

114

117

119

122

127

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

Dec.

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

130

NOTE. Discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve.

Monthly discharge of Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, Minn.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 507 square miles.]

Month.

May 17-31. ..............................

June ..................... ........... .

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

595 

622 

490 

272 

321 

159 

132 

130

Minimum.

490 

490 

208 

167 

158 

130 

114 

130

Mean.

522 

524 

309 

236 

197 

152 

122 

130

Per 

square 

mile.

1.03 

1.04 

.609 

.466 

.389 

.300 

.241 

.256

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.57 

1.16 

.70 

.54 

.43 

.35 

.27 

.30

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASINS.

MISSISSIPPI RIVER ABOVE SANDY RIVER, NEAR LIBBY, MINN.

Location. A short distance above the mouth of Sandy River in sec. 25, T. 50 N.,

R. 24 W., near Libby post office in Aitkin County. 

Records available. September 1, 1895, to December 31, 1911. 

Drainage area. 4,510 square miles. 

Gage. Vertical staff.

70057° WSP 305 13 5
66 SUKFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Discharge measurements. Made by an employee of the United States Engineer

Corps stationed near by at Sandy Lake dam. 

Cooperation. This station is maintained by the United States Engineer Corps for

the purpose of determining the flow of the river above Sandy Lake reservoir.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mississippi River above Sandy River, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1...............

2..............

4...............

5.... ..........

6...............

7.......... ....

8............ ..

9..............

10...... ........

11...............

12. ..............

13. ..............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17.. ............

18...............

19...............

20

21...............

22...............

23...............

24. .............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

652

653

653

657

658

660

663

658

653

648

645

640

637

635

aqQ

643

648

657

661

665

669

R71

677

681

686

690

695

700

705

710

Feb.

709

709

708

708

708

707

707

707

706

706

706

705

700

694

688

683

676

670

665

670

676

( 00

fift7

693

698

704

709

714

Mar.

720

725

731

737

742

748

754

760

766

779

77ft

784

792

QftA

807

fti*

823

oqn

QOQ

OCQ

R7Q

OQQ

QOA

941

Qftn

1,000

1,022

1,040

1,058

1,072

1,085

Apr.

1,088

1,091

1,094

1,097

1,100

1,102

1,105

1,108

1,111

1,132

1 1M

1,175

1,196

1 917

1 93Q

1,260

1,282

1 qnq

1,325

1 346

1 Qfift

1 390

1*413

1,358

1 3H9

1 246

1,191

1,135

1 079

May.

1,116

1,211

1,305

1,400

1,494

1,589

1,684

1,633

1,582

1,531

1 480

l',429

1,378

1

00K

1,455

1,585

1,715

1 845

I1, 975

2,105

2

«WC

2 1QQ

2,163

2,126

9 ftQft

2,054

2,017

1,981

1,908

1 071

June.

1,917

1,963

2,009

2,056

2,102

2,148

2,195

2,242

2,205

2,167

2,130

2,092

2,054

2,017

1,979

1,940

1,869

1 7Qft

1,727

1,655

1 584

I

eio

1,615

1,718

1,820

1 QOq

2,128

2,335

July.

2,327

2,318

2,309

2,300

2,291

2,274

2,264

2,378

2,436

2,493

2,551

2,608

2,723

2,781

2,895

2,858

2,784

2,747

2,711

2,675

2,518

2,465

2,413

2

qai

Aug.

2,310

2,258

2,206

2,154

2,103

2,051

2,000

1,948

1,896

1,843

1,802

1,761

1,720

1,678

1,637

1,595

1,554

1,513

1,472

1

AQQ

1,519

1,609

1,698

1,787

1,876

1,912

1,928

1,954

1,981

2,007

2

noq

Sept.

2,084

2,136

2,187

2,239

2,290

2,393

2,445

2,496

2,548

2,599

2,651

2,703

2

aoo

2,552

2,477

2,401

2,326

2,250

2

noo

2,022

2,020

2 mo

2,017

2,016

2,014

2,013

2,012

Oct.

1,951

1,890

1,829

1,768

1,707

1,585

1,523

1,526

1,529

1,532

1,535

1,538

1,541

1,544

1,547

1,549

1,534

1,519

1 Kf\A

1,489

1,474

1,459

1,443

1,417

1 101

1,365

1,339

1,312

1,286

Nov.

1,270

1,283

1,296

1,308

1,321

1,333

1,346

1,359

1,372

1,341

1,310

1,278

1,246

1,215

1,183

1,152

1,120

1,089

1,057

1,026

994

963

931

900

868

837

805

774

742

707

Dec.

699

690

681

672

663

654

645

636

627

621

614

608

, 601

595

588

582

576

592

609

642

658

674

690

692

695

698

700

703

706

709

NOTE. Taken from unpublished records of the United States Engineer Corps at St. Paul. Determinations of daily discharge based almost directly on frequent discharge measurements.

Monthly discharge of Mississippi River above Sandy River, Minn., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 4,510 square miles.]

Month.

March... . . . ......................

May...............................

July...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

710 

714 

1,085 

1,413 

2,235 

2,335 

2,895 

2,310 

2,703 

1,951 

1,372 

709

2,895

Minimum.

635 

665 

720 

1,022 

1,116 

1,513 

2,264 

1,439 

2,012 

1,258 

707 

576

576

Mean.

663 

696 

854 

1,200 

1,720 

1,970 

2,540 

1,850 

2,270 

1,530 

1,110 

650

1,430

Per 

square 

mile.

0.147 

.154 

.189 

.266 

.381 

.437 

.563 

.410 

.503 

.339 

.246 

.144

.317

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.17 

.16 

.22 

.30 

.44 

.49 

.65 

.47 

.56 

.39 

.27 

.17

4.29

Total in 

millions of 

cubic-feet.

1,780 

1,680 

2,290 

3,110 

4,610 

5,110 

6,800 

4,950 

5,880 

4,100 

2,880 

1,740

44,900

NOTE. Above table computed by engineers of the United States Geological Survey from records of 

daily discharge furnished by the United States Engineer Corps.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. 67

MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT ANOKA, MINN.

Location. At highway bridge connecting Anoka with Champlain, a short distance 

above the mouth of Rum River.

Records available. November 3, 1896, to September 10, 1897 (United States 

Engineer records); May 8, 1905, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 17,100 square miles.

Gage. Staff gage prior to 1909, now a chain gage; datum, unchanged since station 

established, is the same as that used by the United States Engineer Corps in 1896 

and 1897.

Channel. Practically permanent. Control temporarily changed for a few days at 

times by log jams.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge.

Winter flow. The river is frozen from December to March, inclusive, and regular 

observations are discontinued. The monthly discharge for this period is based 

on the records of flow of the St. Anthony Falls Water Power Co., Minneapolis, 

and of the United States Engineer Corps records at Lock and Dam 2 below Minneapolis, an allowance being made for the increase in flow between the different 

points.

Regulation. The nearest dam is located at Minneapolis, but on account of the fall 

between the two points its influence does not extend to the Anoka station. The 

first dam above Anoka is at St. Cloud. The flow of the river is controlled by 

Government dams on the upper river for the purpose of increasing the low-water 

open-season flow in the interest of navigation. Although the river is used extensively for log driving, there is very little backwater from log jams forming below 

the station, except for a few days at a time.

Accuracy. Although no measurements were made during 1907 and 1908, those 

made subsequently indicate that there has been no change in the discharge 

rating curve as developed in 1897, 1905, and 1906, and therefore it can be applied 

to all gage heights since the establishment of the station. This permanence of 

conditions indicates that the records of flow are reliable.

Discharge measurements of Mississippi River at Anoka, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

July 1

25

Aug. 25

Hydrographer.

S. B. SoulS ...............................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

&L

Feet. 

0.12

o .21

- .46

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

4,660

3,770

3,210

o Backwater from log jam.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mississippi River at Anoka, Minn., for 1911. 

[Bernard J. Witte, jr., observer.]

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3.. .........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8.. .........................

9...........................

10...........................

Mar. Apr.

0.57

CQ

- .61

- .60

>;n

.55

 60

- .53

- .55

- .55

May.

0.30

- .25

- .25

- .30

07

.65

- .65

- .58

- .50

June.

A 07

40

45

.70

.65

.65

AK.

.75

.85

.67

July.

0.14

13

- 02

18

08

10

08

08

- .03

Aug.

0.45

.70

.88

.80

Qr

fin

- .02

.15

- .08

Sepf.

0.38

y|O

.42

Af\

.36

40

.10

.10

.10

.24

Oct.

0.10

10

nn

.08

19

.10

.15

.15

.15

10

Nov.

0.20

10

- .20

- .40

OK

.20

- .18

- .20

- .20

- .30
68 ' SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mississippi River at Anoka, Minn.,for 1911 Continued.

Day.

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30

31...........................

Mar.

-0.36

- .42

en

KA

- .50

CQ

(Tfi

.58

49

.55

- .63

.71

Apr.

-0.55

- .63

- .50

43

- .34

9^

.07

na

+ .27

- .10

.05

_ 30

- .25

Oc

30

95

- .20

on

May.

-0.50

Af\

.14

.20

93

.30

00

97

1 0007

.70

60

Kf\

.47

30

.15

June.

0.43

.25

.35

.15

.05

.00

.15

.10

.10

10

00

- .05

oc

10

- .05

00

*25

.]5

July.

-0.02

- .18

- .02

- .17

 17

- .42

- .40

- .30

- .22

- .10

.07

08

.03

03

.02

.50

50

Aug.

-0.20

- .25

- .22

- .30

- .25

- .25

- .25

- .32

- .38

- .32

- .42

.34

.50

.45

- .42

- .50

- .55

- .55

- .55

- .50

- .42

Sept.

0.15

.28

.25

.58

.58

.55

.52

.50

.50

.38

.70

.48

.40

.50

60

.72

.55

.50

.48

48

Oct.

0.10

.15

.02

.02

OS

.00

.20

.00

.20

.20

.22

.25

.18

.18

.10

.17

.00

.10

- .10

- .10

- .05

Nov.

-0.40

- .10

- .40

- .40

.30

.40

.20

.30

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 1 to Mar. 19 and Nov. 14 to Dec. 31. 

Backwater from log jams July 21 to Aug. 6 and Sept. 10 to 30.

Gage heights Nov. 14 to 18 are to top of ice.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mississippi River at Anoka, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1... ........................

2...........................

3...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30

31...........................

Mar.

1,790

1 860

l'750

1,770

1,460

1,920

1,860

1,820

2.140

2,000

1,920

2,550

2,540

1 960

1,700

2,610

2,410

3,410

3

qin

3 180

3,180

Si 050

3 100

3,200

3,110

2 990

Apr.

3,080

3 net)

3,020

3 040

3^180

3,110

3,040

3,140

3,110

3,110

3,110

2,990

3 OCA

3 9.00.

3,450

S finn

4,020

4,660

3 Rsn

3,980

3,520

S finn

3,600

3,520

S fiOft

3.750

3 7nn

3,520

May.

3,520

3 fift.n

3 con

2,960

2,840

2,960

3,060

3

1 on

3,180

3,260

3,340

3,580

3 Rin

4,510

4,580

4,730

5,030

t ACA

6,120

6.580 6;&so

6,240

5,720

5,200

5,130

4

7OA

4,400

June.

4,660

5,080

5,720

5,080

5,870

6,180

5

RAf\

5,030

4,620

4,400

4,400

4,400

4.300

4 360

4' 080

3,980

3,600

3,830

3,980

4,080

4,620

4,400

July.

 4,380

4,360

4,040

4.470

4.250

4,300

4,250

4,250

4,140

4.040

3,730

3,750

3,750

3,530

3,310

3.340

3,520

3,660

3,460

3,690

3,810

3,570

3,810

3,470

3,690

4,210

3 800

Aug.

3.870

3,740

4,010

3,970

4,150

4.100

4,080

4,040

3,790

3,920

3,700

3,600

3, 6(»0

3, 520

3,600

3.600

3,600

3,480

3,380

3,480

3,310

3. 450

3,180

3,260

3,310

3,180

3,110

3,110

3.110

3.180

3,310

Sept.

3,380

3,310

3,310

3.250

3; 410

3,340

3,880

4,300

4,300

4.300

4,310

4,300

4,100

4,090

4,260

4,390

4,300

4.300

4.350

4,250

4,250

4,490

4,350

4,300

4,170

4,170

4.300

4,350

4.490

4', 700

Oct.

4,300

3,880

4,080

4,250

4,340

4,300

4,400

4,400

4,400

4,300

4,300

4,400

4,130

4,130

4.340

4,080

4,510

4,080

4,510

4,510

4,550

4,620

4,470

4,470

4,300

4,450

4.080

4,300

3,880

3,880

3,980

Nov.

3,700

3,730

3,700

3,340

3,430

3,700

3,730

3,700

3,700

3,520

3,340

3,340

3,340

3,200

3,100

3,100

3,000

3.000

2,900

2,900

2.900

2,800

2,800

2,800

2,700

2,700

2,600

2,600

2,500

2,500

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a well-denned rating curve. From Mar. 1 to 19, July 21 to Aug. 

6, Sept. 9 to 30, Nov. 12, and from Nov. 14 to 30 the discharge has been estimated on account of obstructed 

channel. Discharge has been estimated for days of missing gage heights.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI KIVEB BASINS. 69

Monthly discharge of Mississippi River at Anoka, Minn.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 17,100 square miles.]

Month.

February. ..............................

April ....................................

July....................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,410 

4,660 

6,680 

6,180 

4,470 

6 4, 150 

4,700 

4,620 

3,700

6,680

Minimum.

61,460 

2,990 

2,840 

3,600 

3,310 

3,110 

3,250 

3,880 

62,500

Mean.

ol,670 

al,700 

2,460 

3,440 

4,370 

4,670 

3,880 

3,570 

4,100 

4,280 

3,150 

o 2,120

3,290

Per 

square 

mile.

0.098 

.100 

.144 

.201 

.256 

.273 

.227 

.209 

.240 

.250 

.184 

.124

.192

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.11 

.10 

.17 

.22 

.30 

.30 

.26 

.24 

.27 

.29 

.21 

.14

2.58

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. , A. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B.

a Estimated from the records of the United States Engineer Corps at Lock and Dam 2, near Minneapolis, 

and a comparison of the discharge of the Rum at Cambridge. 

6 Estimated.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.

MISSISSIPPI RIVER AT ST. PAUL, MINN.

Location. Near foot of Jackson Street, St. Paul; 6 miles below the mouth of Minnesota River.

Records available. Gage heights by United States Signal Service (later United 

States Weather Bureau) 1873 to 1911. Many discharge measurements by United 

States Engineer Corps prior to 1900. Measurements made by United States Geological Survey 1909 to 1911.

Drainage area. 35,700 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff at upper end of the Diamond Joe Line wharf at the foot of 

Jackson Street, St. Paul; read once a day; datum unchanged. At the lower end 

of the same dock is the United States Engineer Corps gage, datum of which is 

0.5 feet higher than that of the Weather Bureau gage, to which all the data following are referred.

Channel. Somewhat shifting from year to year.

Discharge measurements. Made from the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & 

Omaha Railway bridge, 2 miles above the station.

Regulation. The river is controlled to a certain extent by the Government reservoirs on the headwaters, but the effect of these reservoirs is felt very gradually at 

St. Paul. The nearest dam is at Minneapolis, and it is possible that the shutting 

of the wheel gates at that point may cause some daily fluctuations of stage at St. 

Paul during extreme low water.

Winter flow. From December to March the river is frozen and the open-channel 

rating curve is not applicable. Monthly estimates of flow for this period are based 

on the records of the St. Anthony Falls Water Power Co. at Minneapolis and the 

records of the United States Engineer Corps at Lock and Dam 2 below Minneapolis an allowance being made for the flow of Minnesota River.

Maximum and minimum flow. The highest recorded discharge occurred July 22, 

1867, and amounted to 117,000 second-feet. Since 1891 the highest discharge has 

been 80,800 second-feet. The winter flow has fallen nearly as low as 1,000 secondfeet.
70 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911. PART V.

Accuracy. As the Weather Bureau gage is read once a day, the recorded mean gage 

height for the day may be somewhat in error, although occasional additional 

readings have shown this was not serious, due largely to the natural storage of 

the river channel between the Minneapolis dam and St. Paul. Previous to 

1900 the United States Engineer Corps made many discharge measurements at 

St. Paul, the results of which are published by the Mississippi River Commission. 

Although the base data for estimating the daily flow of the river are available for 

years prior to 1892, the reservoir system was not then in complete operation, and 

as this system has had marked influence on the regimen of the river, it is evident 

that the earlier records have lost much of their value as indications of probable 

future flow.

Discharge measurements of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

Feb. 18

May 25

July 8

Aug. 23

Oct. 24

Hydrographer.

S.B.Soul6....... ........................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

-0.55

3.30

2.44

1.60

0.81

4.00

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

o2,150

8,620

6,960

5,070

3,780

9,460

a River open. 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn., for 1911.

Day.

1...... .........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17............... 

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

0.7

.7

.7

.5

.4

.5

, .6

.6

.7

Feb.

0.1

.4

.3

.7

- .5 

- .6

- .7

._ £

- .6

A.*.

Mar.

-0.05

- .55

- .4

- .4

_ 3

- .2

- .1

.0

.3

.2

.1

.5

- .2

.8

.7

1 9

1.3

1.0

.7

-7

.1

.8

Apr.

0.6

.7

.5

.6

.7

1.0

.7

.8

.8

.5

.7

.9

1.0

1 9

1.2

1.0 

1.4

1.8

1.7

2 A

1.8

1.6

1.1

1 Q

1.4

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.3

May.

0.7

1.1

1.1

.9

.8

.8

.8

.2

.6

.5

.6

.7

.9

1.5

1.5

1.9

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.6

3.0

3.2

3.2

3.1

2.9

2.6

2.3

2.3

2.3

June.

1.9

1.9

2.4

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.0

2.3

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.8

2.0 

1.9

1.7

1.9

1.9

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.1

1.4

1.2

1.4

1.6

July.

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.2

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.1

.8 

.9

1.0

.8

.7

.9

1.0

.8

1.0

.8

.9

1.3

1.2

1.1

.9

Aug.

1.2

1.1

1.3

1.2

1.4

1.4

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.3

1.6

1.5 

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.0

1.0

.9

.8

.7

.7

.6

.4

.5

.5

.5

Sept.

0.6

.6

.8

.5

.9

.9

1.0

1.0

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.3

1.5

1.4 

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.5

1.6

Oct.

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.7

1.9

2.0

4.3

4.8

4.5

4.4

4.1

3.8

3.7

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.5 

3.9

4.2

4.3

4.1

4.1

4.2

4.1

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.2

2.9

2.7

2.4

Nov.

2.3

2.1

2.0

1.7

1.5

1.1

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.5

2.9

2.1

1.8

Dec.

1 2

1

2

.4

......

.4

.4

.6

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 1 to Feb. 28 and about Nov. 7 to Dec. 31.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI BIVEE BASINS. ' 71

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1...........................

2. .........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Mar.

2,710

2,400

2,140

2,310

2,310

2,420

2 530

2^650

2,770

3,140

3,010

9 son

3,400

3,300

2 QftA

2,530

3 9ftft

3,810

3,670

4

JOrt

4 600

4,100

3,670

3,670

3,670

3,810

3,810

3,810

3,530

Apr.

3,530

3,670

3,400

3,530

3,670

4,100

3,670

3,810

3,810

3,400

3,670

3,810

3,950

4,100

4,430

4 430 4; loo

4,780

5,530

5,920

5,530

5,150

4,260

4,600

4,780

4,430

4,260

4,430

4,600

May.

3,670

4,260

4,260

3 QKft

3,810

3,810

3' ftlft

3,010

3,530

3

Af)f\

3,530

3,670

3,950

3

QJTA

4 QfiA

4 Qfin

5,720

5,530

5,920

6,320

6,730

7,150

8,010

8 450

8^450

8,230

7,790

7,150

6,520

6,520

June.

5,720

5,720

6,730

7 1 Kn

6,940

6,730

6 940

5' Q9ft

6.520

6,730

6,320

S

oon

6,120

5,920

5,720

5,530

5,920

5,720

5,340

5,720

5,720

5,340

5,340

5,150

5,150

4,160

4,650

4,300

4,620

4 QKft

July.

5,090

4,940

4 7Qft

4

QAf\

4,940

5,090

4 940

4*940

4,370

4,650

4,370

4,370

4,240

4,110

4 240

3^870

3 QQft

4,110

3,870

3,760

3,990

4,110

3,870

4,110

3,870

3,990

4,510

4,370

4 9dft

3,990

Aug.

4,370

4,240

4,510

4,370

4,650

4 650

5' 090

A QAft

4,790

4,650

4,650

A. 94ft

4,240

4,240

4,510

4 CUft

4,790

4,510

4,510

4,370

4,110

4,110

3,990

3,870

3,760

3,760

3,650

3

Afif\

3,540

3,640

3,540

Sept.

3,650

3,650

3,870

3,540

3,990

3,990

4,110

4,110

4,370

4,510

4,510

4,510

4,370

4 240

4^510

4,790

4,650

4,650

4,650

4,510

4,510

4,790

4,650

4,510

4,370

4,370

4,510

4,510

4,790

4 ' 940

Oct.

4,790

4,790

4,650

5,090

5,400

5,560

10,300

11,800

10,900

10 600

9 780

9,030

8,790

8

O^A

8 340

8,120

8,340

9 97ft

10,000

10,300

9,780

9,780

10.000

9,780

9,030

8,560

8,120

7,700

7,110

6 740

6'220

Nov.

6,050

5,720

5,560

5,090

4,790

4,240

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from well-defined rating curve which was applied indirectly Mar. 1 

to June 30, owing to shifting channel. Discharge Nov. 7 to 30 estimated because of ice. Mean discharge 

about 3,840 second-feet, ranging from about 3,600 to 4,000 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 35,700 square miles.]

Month.

May....................................

July....................................

September ..............................

October. ................................

The vear y . ....... ...............

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,600 

5,920 

8,450 

7,150 

5,090 

5,090 

4,940 

11,800 

6,050

Minimum.

2,140 

3,400 

3,010 

4,160 

3,760 

3,430 

3,540 

4,650

Mean.

ol,960 

a2,060 

3,230 

4,290 

5,400 

5,760 

4,340 

4,280 

4,370 

8,290 

4,120 

o3,150

4,290

Per 

square 

mile.

0.055 

.058 

.090 

.120 

.151 

.161 

.122 

.120 

.122 

.232 

.115 

.088

.120

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.06 

.06 

.10 

.13 

.17 

.18 

.14 

.14 

.14 

.27 

.13 

.10

1.62

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B.

a Estimated from United States Engineer Corps records at Lock and Dam No. 2 near Minneapolis, an 

allowance (based on the Mankato records) being made for the flow of Minnesota River.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.
SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

SANDY RIVER BELOW SANDY LAKE RESERVOIR, MINN.

Location. At the Sandy Lake dam near Libby post office, in Aitkin County, 1 

mile above the mouth of Sandy River.

Records available. July 7, 1893, to December 31, 1911.

Area of reservoir behind dam. At low stage 8 square miles, at high stage 16.5 

square miles; these areas, with a range of 9.4 feet, give a capacity of 3,127,900,000 

cubic feet.

Discharge. The discharge over the dam is computed from the flow through the 

openings and frequent discharge measurements made by an employee who resides 

near the dam. At extreme flood stages the Mississippi drowns at the dam and 

fills Sandy Lake Reservoir as much as 3 feet higher than was intended. If the 

Mississippi is at fairly high stage and the dam is open there is frequently a considerable reverse flow into the reservoir but the amount of this flow has not been 

computed.

Cooperation. The station is maintained by the United States Engineer Corps for 

the purpose of measuring the flow from the Sandy Lake reservoir, which is one 

unit in the Government reservoir system of the headwaters of the Mississippi.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sandy River below Sandy Lake reservoir, Minn., for

1911.

[0=No flow from reservoir.]

Day.

1......... ......

2.. .............

3...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24.. .............

26...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31 ...............

Jan.

5

5

K

5

5

5

K

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

Feb.

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

Mar.

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

Apr.

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5'5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

May.

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

242

303

300

296

291

287

294

301

308

316

324

328

332

283

104

109

114

118

123

111

100

293

2S5

June.

284

283

282

292

301

311

321

331

328

325

321

318

315

312

308

305

303

301

300

467

475

483

492

501

448

395

342

289

236

182

July.

152

122

92

61

30

00

50

50

100

75

5

5

5

5

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

Aug.

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

300

307

296

285

274

263

251

239

227

198

109

140

110

80

SO

Sept.

0

5

5

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

0

1 0

0

0

0

0

0

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

Oct.

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

268

275

282

281

272

263

255

225

195

166

162

157

153

148

144

139

134

129

Nov.

75

75

75

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

Dec.

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

NOTE. Daily discharge compiled from unpublished records in the United States Engineer Office at St. 

Paul.
TIPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASINS. 

Monthly overflow from Sandy Lake reservoir, Minn.,for 1911.

73

Month.

January. . ...............................................

March. . .................................................

May.....................................................

July.....................................................

October. . ................................................

November ...............................................

December. ...............................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5 

5 

5 

5 

332 

501 

152 

307 

5 

282 

75 

10

501

Minimum.

5 

5 

5 

5 

5 

182 

0 

5 

0 

5 

10 

10

0

Mean.

5.0 

5.0 

5.0 

5.0 

181 

338 

24.3 

105 

2.5 

120 

31.2 

10.0

69.6

Run-off 

(in acrefeet).

13.4

12.1 

13.4 

13.0 

485 

876 

65.1 

281 

6.48 

321 

80.9 

26.8

2,190

NOTE. Estimates computed by engineers of the United States Geological Survey from unpublished 

records in the United States Engineer Office at St. Paul.

PINE RIVER BELOW PINE RIVER RESERVOIR, MINN.

Location. Just below the dam at the outlet of Cross Lake, which is 15 miles above 

the mouth of fine River, in the central part of Crow Wing County, in T. 137 N., 

R. 27 W.

Records available'. March, 1886, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 452 square miles.

Area of reservoir surface above dam. At low water 18 square miles; at high water 

24 square miles. These areas, with a range of 16 and 15 feet, give a capacity of 

7,732,900,000 cubic feet. The dam raises the water level in Cross, Pine, Daggett, Rush, Whitefish, Trout, and Hay lakes by varying amounts.

Discharge. Determined from daily gage heights representing the head at the dam 

and from the various-sized openings in the dam.

Cooperation. The station is maintained by the United States Engineer Corps for 

the purpose of measuring the flow from Pine River reservoir, the lowest in the 

present system of Government reservoirs on the headwaters of the Mississippi. 

Although the discharge of the dam represents the flow from the reservoir, it does 

not represent the entire flow of Pine River at its mouth because between the 

two points the drainage area of the river is increased from 452 to 691 square miles 

by Little Pine River and one or two other minor tributaries.
74 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PABT V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Pine River below Pine River reservoir, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10. ..............

11...............

12...............

13. ..............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23. ..............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

78

79

79

80

80

79

80

80

81

81

82

82

83

83

83

84

84

85

85

86

86

87

87

88

89

89

90

90

90

91

91

Feb.

91

92

92

93

93

94

94

95

95

96

97

97

98

98

99

99

100

100

100

101

101

102

102

102

102

103

103

103

Mar.

102

103

104

104

104

104

104

104

104

104

104

105

105

106

108

108

109

110

110

111

111

113

113

114

114

114

115

115

116

116

115

Apr.

117

117

118

118

119

119

120

121

121

122

123

123

124

124

125

125

126

126

127

127

128

128

129

129

130

130

131

130

131

131

May.

131

132

132

133

133

134

134

135

136

414

416

418

421

420

418

417

415

415

414

412

420

475

500

510

520

525

520

515

510

500

June.

225

230

233

220

218

216

214

212

210

209

212

215

218

220

523

525

528

528

527

527

526

526

525

525

520

515

510

505

495

486

July.

486

475

465

455

440

425

405

403

390

370

350

325

300

300

290

280

275

265

260

240

225

173

170

165

165

164

164

163

163

50

50

Aug.

65

60

62

64

65

63

62

60

58

56

54

52

54

56

58

60

210

212

214

218

222

226

228

230

231

232

230

228

226

224

222

Sept.

219

216

214

212

210

" 80

78

75

73

73

72

72

71

71

70

70

70

69

69

69

68

68

68

67

6.7

66

66

65

50

50

Oct.

68

50

10

10

10

50

51

51

50

50

49

48

10

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

48

48

49

49

50

51

53

53

52

53

Nov.

53

53

53

53

53

53

25

53

53

53

53

53

53

53

53

52

52

52

53

54

55

54

55

56

57

57

56

56

55

56

Dec.

55

54

54

54

54

53

53

53

53

53

54

54

54

55

55

55

55

56

56

56

57

57

57

57

58

58

58

59

59

59

59

NOTE. Daily discharge compiled from unpublished records in the United States Engineer office at 

St. Paul.

Monthly discharge of Pine River below Pine River reservoir, Minn.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 452 square miles.]

Month.

April.............................

May..............................

July..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

91 

103 

116 

131 

525 

528 

486 

232 

219 

68 

57 

59

528

Minimum.

78 

91 

102 

117 

131 

209 

50 

52 

50 

10 

25 

53

10

Mean.

84,3 

97.9 

109 

125 

360 

378 

286 

138 

92.9 

44.8 

52.9 

55.6

152

Per

square 

mile.

0.187 

.217 

.241 

.277 

.796 

.836 

.633 

.305 

.206 

.099 

.117 

.123

.336

Run-off.

Depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.

0.22 

.23 

.28 

.31 

.92 

.93 

.73 

.35 

.23 

.11 

.13 

.14

4.58

Total in 

millions of 

cubic feet.

226 

237 

292 

324 

964 

980 

766 

370 

241 

120 

137 

149

4,810

NOTE. Computed by engineers of the United States Geological Survey from unpublished records in the 

United States Engineer office at St. Paul.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. 75

GROW WING RIVER AT NIMROD, MINN.

Location. At the steel highway bridge at Nimrod post office, in sec. 32, T. 137 N.,

R. 33 W.; about 12 miles east of Sebeka, the nearest railroad point, 1 mile above

the mouth of Cat River, and 1 mile below the mouth of Willow Creek. 

Records available. April 15, 1910, to November 15, 1911. 

Drainage area. 1,010 square miles. 

Gage. Chain gage, attached to the bridge. On May 19, 1910, the gage datum was

lowered 1.20 feet and the readings prior to that date were corrected to the present

datum.

Channel. Probably permanent. 

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge. 

Regulation. The river is used for log driving, and a dam at the outlet of Lower

Crow Wing Lake controls the water from that portion of the drainage area.

Since the establishment of the station there has been no trouble from log jams.

Crow Wing River has considerable fall near the station and 1 mile above makes

a descent of 12 feet, known as Westers Rapids. 

Winter flow. From November to March the river is frozen over and observations

are discontinued. 

Accuracy. Discharge values below 160 and above 678 second-feet, published in

the following tables, are. based upon an extension of the discharge rating curve

and should therefore be used with caution.

The following discharge measurement was made by S. B. Soul6: 

July 11, 1911: Gage height, 4.54 feet; discharge, 186 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Crow Wing River at Nimrod\ Minn.,for 1911. 

[W. A. Wintermute, observer.]

Day.

1............. .......................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20. ...................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24. ...................................

25....................................

26. ...................................

27. ...................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

4.45

4.45

4.45

4.46

4.50

4.48

4.45

4.45

4.45

4.48

4.54

4.59

4.66

4.68

4.70

4.70

4.70

4.70

4.71

4.71

4.70

4.68

4.64

4.59

4.58

4.58

4.58

4.58

4.58

4.58

May.

4.55

4.52

4.50

4.48

4.51

4.51

4.50

4.50

4.50

4.50

4.50

4.50

4.50

4.50

4.51

4.51

4.62

4.62

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.58

4.58

4.55

4.55

4.55

4.55

4.55

4.59

4.62

4.62

June.

4.62

4.62

4.62

4.65

4.70

4.70

4.70

4.68

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.69

«5.25

5.60

5.60

5.52

5.44

5.40

5.36

5.31

5.34

5.45

5 40

5.42

5.36

5.29

5.24

5 10

5 no

July.

5.04

5.01

4.98

5.00

4.96

4.95

4.94

4.92

4.79

4.76

4.70

4.49

4.44

4.40

4.40

4.40

4.40

4.40

4.38

4.36

4.31

4.30

4.40

4 in

4 48

4.48

4 48

Aug.

4.51

4.58

4.58

4.60

4.58

4.55

4.58

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.59

4.58

4.58

4.56

4.55

4.55

4.55

4.55

4.55

4.55

4.58

4.58

4.58

4.58

4.55

4.55

4.54

4.52

4.52

4.52

Sept.

4.52

4.52

4.54

4.55

4.55

4.56

4.61

4.62

4.62

4.62

4.61

4.60

4.62

4.65

4.65

4.65

4.62

4.62

4.62

4.65

o5.65

5.80

5.76

5.68

5.59

5 54

5.46

5.38

5.35

5.32

Oct.

5.29

5.24

5.20

5.15

5.15

5.15

5.11

5.06

5.02

5.00

4.98

5.00

5.00

5.00

5.00

5.00

4.98

4.98

4.95

4.92

4.92

4.92

4.92

4.90

4.90

4.90

4.88

4.88

4.88

4.85

4.85

Nov.

5.00

5.30

5.25

5.20

5.05

4.92

4.90

4.88

4.86

4.85

4.85

a Rise caused by opening of logging dam above gaging station. 

NOTE. Ice present to Jan. 1 to Mar, 31 and Nov. 12 to Dec. 31.
76 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, l&ll, PART V. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Crow Wing River at Nimrod, Minn.,for 1910-1911.

Day.

1910. 

1.....................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19. ...................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24. ...................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

1911. 

1....................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25'.. ..................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

530

«V7

619

686

' 742

7CO

710

A7G

A7SZ

678

678

648

611

574

coo

Crtl

140

140

140

111

160

152

140

140

140

1 V)

179

9O3

242

OKQ

264

264

264

97fi

97ft

264

253

230

203

198

198

198

IQfi

1QQ

198

May.

486

472

515

530

530

530

515

494

48fi

472

464

457

457

A.V7

457

486

537

545

523

530

574

597

CQQ

742

906

1,060

1 140

1,280

AQO

<y)q

184

170

160

152

165

165

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

165

165

91 Q

219

208

208

208

198

184

184

184

184

184

91 Q

91 Q

June.

923

923

1,140

880

494

356

324

312

270

264

264

264

264

253

219

208

208

208

208

203

189

179

165

160

179

170

184

184

184

184

219

219

219

236

264

264

264

253

236

236

236

236

258

641

QOO

Qoq

855

7QA

758

726

686

710

798

830

774

726

671

634

597

COO

July.

184

184

184

184

208

208

208

253

253

236

264

236

208

208

203

203

160

160

160

160

160

160

170

184

184

184

179

170

170

160

160

486

464

443

457

429

422

416

402

318

300

264

156

136

120

120

120

120

113

106

so

86

120

156

160

156

152

152

152

152

Aug.

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

160

179

198

198

184

165

152

140

140

136

128

144

140

128

128

128

128

128

128

128

128

165

198

198

208

198

184

198

208

208

208

208

203

198

198

189

184

184

184

184

184

184

198

198

198

198

184

184

179

170

170

170

Sept.

140

140

140

140

152

144

140

140

140

140

140

140

375

718

822

798

457

160

140

140

128

103

120

120

422

758

774

774

774

758

170

170

179

184

184

189

214

219

219

219

214

208

219

236

236

236

219

219

219

236

Qfifi

1,100

1 HAft

993

914

872

806

718

694

Oct.

758

758

758

758

694

619

567

530

523

486

429

402

395

388

362

330

300

276

312

324

356

375

375

362

356

350

337

324

318

300

294

671

634

604

567

567

567

537

501

472

457

443

457

457

457

457

457

443

443

422

402

402

402

388

388

388

375

375

375

356

356

Nov.

276

276

276

270

264

264

457

678

641

604

494

402

388

375

362

356

356

i

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined between discharges 160 and 

678 second-feet (gage heights 4.5 and 5.3 feet).
TJPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASINS. 77

Monthly discharge of Crow Wing River at Nimrod, Minn.,for 1910-1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,010 square miles.]

Month.

1910. 

April 1 5-30 ..............................

July....................................

1911. 

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

758 

1,280 

1,140. 

264 

198 

822 

758 

276

270 

219 

923 

486 

208 

1.100 

671 

678

Minimum.

501 

457 

160 

160 

128 

103 

276 

264

140 

152 

219 

86 

165 

170 

356 

356

Mean.

636 

642 

332 

192 

151 

335 

442 

271

202 

181

524 

227 

191 

435 

459 

465

Per 

square 

mile.

0.630 

.636 

.329 

.190 

.150 

.332 

.438 

.268

.200 

.179 

.519 

.225 

.189 

.431 

.454 

.460

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

. 0.37 

.73 

.37 

.22 

.17 

.37 

.50 

.06

.22 

.21 

.58 

.26 

.22 

.48 

.52 

.19

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

B.

CROW WING RIVER AT PILLAGER, MINN.

Location. At highway bridge, half a mile south of Pillager, in sec. 20, T. 133 N.,

R. 30 W., a short distance above the mouth of Pillager Creek. 

Records available. May 25 to September 1, 1903, June 11, 1909, to December

31, 1911.

Drainage area. 3,230 square miles. 

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged since established. 

Channel. Probably permanent except during high water. 

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge. 

Regulation. No dams near the station, as the only one on the river is a logging dam

at the outlet of Lower Crow Wing Lake. 

Winter flow. The river is frozen over at the gage from December to March, and

during that period measurements are made through the ice to determine the

winter discharge. 

Accuracy. Conditions at this station are favorable for fairly good results, although

the shifting of the river bed during high water may necessitate the use of more

than one rating curve.

Discharge measurements of Crow Wing River at Pillager, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

Dec. 15o

Hydrographer.

S. B. Soul<§ ..............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.37

6.22

Discharge.

Sec.-feet.

5,19

476

a Measurement made under ice cover. Average thickness of ice, 0.80 foot. Average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.05 foot.
78 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Crow'Wing River at Pillager, Minn.,for 1911. 

[Miss Eureka Holmgren, observer.]

Day.

1....... ............

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6. ..................

7. ..................

8. ..................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12. ..................

13. ..................

14...................

15. ..................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22. ..................

23. ..................

24. ..................

25. ..................

26. ..................

27. ..................

28...................

29. ..................

30...................

31. ..................

Mar.

6.7

6.30

6.10

6.15

5.95

5.80

5.45

5.65

5.80

5.60

5.60

Apr.

5.55

5.50

5.50

5.50

5.45

5.45

5.42

5.42

5.40

5.55

5.70

5.85

5 no

5.98

5.88

5.82

5.78

5.80

5.78

5.70

5.65

5.52

5.55

5.52

5.50

5.52

5.52

May.

5

cO

5

Kf)

5.46

5 40

5 40

5.40

5.38

5 OK

5.35

5

00

5 40

5 40

5 on

5.40

5

K(\

5.68

5

QA

5.82

5 7ft

5 7O

5 fin

5 t\t\

5.50

5.48

5

CA

5.38

5.29

5.26

5

0A

5.30

5

f>7

June.

5.50

5

Kf\

5.68

5.80

5 on

5.78

5.72

5.62

5

KO

5

EO

5.48

5.38

5.32

5 on

5 79

6.02

6.11

6.08

S QO

5 90

5 on

5.70

5.71

5.78

5.70

5.78

5 7ft

5.70

5.70

5.70

July.

5.63

5.52

5.42

5.50

5.51

5.48

5.38

5.30

5.28

5.15

5.05

4.82

4 79

4 79

4 69

4.70

4.70

4.70

4.70

4.72

4.85

5.05

5.10

5.05

5.05

5.00

A QK,

4.90

4 QO

Aug.

5.17

5.10

5.15

5.22

5.32

5.30

5.30

5.25

5.22

5.20

5 "Oft

5.20

5.18

5.10

5 OA

5.15

5.10

5.10

5.00

5.00

5.00

5.00

5 AA

5.00

4.90

4

QO

4.95

4 94

5.00

4 98

Sept.

4.90

4.90

4.92

4.98

5.03

5.12

5.20

5.23

5.20

5.18

5.16

5.24

5.22

5.24

5.28

5.10

5.18

5.30

5.30

6.10

6.20

6.20

6.18

6.05

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

Oct.

5.92

5.92

5.95

5.92

5.85

5.84

5.82

5.80

5.80

5.80

5

7O

5.70

5.85

5.82

5.90

5 08

6.00

6.02

6.00

5.95

5.88

5.87

5.88

5.90

5.90

5.80

5.75

5.70

5.70

5.70

5.35

Nov.

5.22

5.22

5.55

5.54

5.70

5.72

5.78

5.80

5.70

5.20

6.15

Dec.

6.13

6.12

'

6.15

6.15

6.22

6.25

6.30

6.35

6.30

6.30

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 1 to Mar. 25 and Nov. 12 to Dec. 31.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Crow Wing River at Pillager, Minn.,for 1911.

Date.

1. ........ ..................

2...........................

3...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9........................... 10...........................

11...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

22...........................

23...........................

25...........................

Mar. Apr.

644

615

615

615

Kftf\

coo

588

571

C71

Kftf\

644

734

830

877

Q17

OCA

810

784

797

784

747

734

704

685

627

May.

627

627

593

560

560

560

549

534

534

549

560

Cftrt

555

560

615

863

810

784

747

673

644

615

fif\A

615

June.

615

615

722

7Q7

707

784

747

685

627

627

604

Ida

518

507

747

945

1,010

987

877

863

707

7^4

740

784

734

July.

691

627

571

621

604

549

507

407

434

388

336

299

266

266

257

260

260

260

260

266

310

388

410

Aug.

443

410

434

4fi7

518

507

507

482

467

457

457

457

448

410

507

410

410

367

367

367

367

367

367

359

Sept.

328

328

328

336

359

380

419

457

472

457

448

438

477

467

477

497

410

448

507

507

1,000

1,070

1,070

1,060

Oct.

877

877

897

877

830

823

810

797

797

797

747

734

830

810

863

017

931

945

931

897

850

843

850

863

863

Nov.

467

467

644

638

734

747

784

797

810

734

457
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI KIVEE BASINS. 79 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Crow Wing River at Pillager, Minn.,for 1911 Contd.

Date.

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Mar.

707

588

704

7Q7

673

673

Apr.

627

615

627

627

May.

549

502

487

457

507

492

June.

784

734

734

734

734

July.

388

388

367

348

328

336

Aug.

328

336

348

367

359

Sept.

966

931

QO1

931

931

Oct.

797

766

734

734

734

534

Nov.

NOTE. Discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 25 and Nov. 12 to Dec. 31 estimated, because of ice, from one discharge 

measurement, climatologic records, observer's notes, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas. Mean 

discharge Jan. 1 to 31 estimated 370 second-feet. Mean discharge Feb. 1 to 28 estimated 360 second-feet. 

Mean discharge Mar. 1 to 25 estimated 500 second-feet, varying from about 400 to 750 second-feet. Mean 

discharge Nov. 12 to 30 estimated 435 second-feet, varying from about 430 to 450 second-feet. Mean discharge Dec. 1 to 31 estimated 450 second-feet, varying from about 420 to 480 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Crow Wing River at Pillager, Minn.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 3,230 square miles.]

Month.

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

917 

863 

1,010 

691 

518 

1,070 

945 

810

1,070

Minimum.

560 

457 

507 

249 

328 

328 

534

249

Mean.

370 

360 

540 

686 

600 

738 

398 

415 

597 

824 

518 

450

539

Per 

square 

mile.

0.115 

.111 

.167 

.212 

.186 

.228 

.123 

.128 

.185 

.255 

.160 

.139

.167

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.13 

.12 

.19 

.24 

.21 

.25 

.14 

.15 

.21 

.29 

.18 

.16

2.27

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

D. 

B. 

B, 

B. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

LONG PRAIRIE RIVER NEAR MOTLEY, MINN.

Location. 100 yards above the highway bridge 1 mile south of Motley, in sec. 19,

T. 133 N., R. 31 W., and 2 miles above the mouth of the river. 

Records available. June 10, 1909, to December 31, 1911. 

Drainage area. 973 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged since established. 

Channel. Fairly permanent. 

Discharge measurements. During all stages except low, discharge measurements

are made from the bridge, Jbut low-water measurements are made by wading at a

short distance upstream. 

Winter flow. From November to March the river is frozen over at the gage, and

observations are discontinued. 

Accuracy. There are no dams on the river to affect its flow at the gaging station.

Backwater caused by ice gorges in Crow Wing River may possibly affect gage

heights for a few days in the spring.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. R. Adams: 

April 7, 1911: Gage height, 4.98 feet; discharge, 94.4 second-feet.
80 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn.,for 1911. 

[John Greene, observer.)

Day.

1........... ................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10.....-.-........-...-----..

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20

2i... ........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Mar.

5.20

5.18

5.12

5.16

5.14

5.10

Apr.

5.11

5.09

5.08

5.06

4.97

5.06

4.98

5.08

5.09

5.11

5.12

5.15

5.25

5.28

5.24

5.24

5.21

5.19

5.18

5.15

5.15

5.15

5.14

5.11

5.10

5.10

5.09

5.08

5.08

May.

5.09

5.09

5.06

5.02

5.04

5.04

5.02

5.02

5.02

5.02

5.00

4.99

5.01

5.05

5.04

5.28

5.32

5.26

5.29

5.25

5.18

5.12

5.10

5.10

5.08

5.08

5.06

5.05

5.05

5.11

5.14

June.

5.15

5.16

5.20

5.29

5.30

5.24

5.16

5.11

5.05

5.04

5.01

4.98

4.95

4.95

4.92

4.90

4.89

4.89

4.85

4.84

4.80

4.76

4.75

4.72

4.72

4.72

4.72

4.72

4.78

4.78

July.

4.82

4.76

4.74

4.74

4.81

4.88

4.86

4.84

4.79

4.76

4.74

4.72

4.70

4.69

4.68

4.66

4.66

4.68

4.66

4.68

4.70

4.71

4.78

4.75

4.74

4.72

4.72

4.75

4.74

4.71

4.81

Aug.

4.85

4.82

4.92

4.94

4.92

4.94

4.91

4.89

4.90

4.91

4.89

4.89

4.88

4.89

4.86

4.86

4.84

4.85

4.84

4.84

4.84

4.81

4.80

4.80

4.81

4.80

4.80

4.79

4.80

4.82

4.84

Sept.

4.84

4.84

4.82

4.84

4.82

4.85

4.90

4.91

4.92

4.92

4.90

4.90

4.88

5.02

5.15

5.24

5.26

5.24

5.21

5.22

5.26

5.28

5.26

5.19

5.14

5.10

5.08

5.09

5.06

5.08

Oct.

5.62

5.62

5.75

5.62

5.42

5.14

5.14

5.15

5.14

5.12

5.11

6.11

5.11

5.16

5.20

5.22

5.30

5.34

5.35

5.32

5.34

5.36

5.34

5.31

5.28

5.28

5.25

5.20

5.16

5.15

5.62

Nov.

5.25

5.19

5.62

5.38

5.38

5.42

5.12

5.15

5.12

5.00

5.30

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 1 to Mar. 25 and Nov. 11 to Dec. 31.

Dfiily discharge, in second-feet, of Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9........................... 10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Mar.

148

143

127

1 QS

132

Apr.

125

120

117

113

93

113

95

117

120

125

127

135

163

172

160

160

151

145

143 i<?t;

135

1 qc

1 OfC

122

122

120

117

117

May.

120

120

113

104

108

108

104

104

104

104

99

Q7

101

110

108

185

166

175

163

143

197

122

122

117

117

110

110

110

125

June.

135

138

148

175

178

160

138

125

110

108

101

95

90

90

84

Qf\

78

78

72

70

64

59

58

54

54

KA

54

61

61

July.

67

59

56

56

66

77

74

70

63

59

56

54

51

50

4Q

47

47

49

47

49

51

CO

61

KG

56

54

58

56

52

66

Aug.

72

67

84

88

84

88

82

78

80

82

78

78

77

78

74

74

70

72

70

70

70

66

64

64

66

64

64

63

64

67

70

Sept.

70

70

67

70

67

72

80

82

84

84

80

80

77

104

135

160

166

160

151

154

166

172

166

145

132

122

117

120

117

Oct.

301

301

361

301

220

132

132

135

132

127

125

125

125

138

148

154

178

192

195

185

192

198

192

181

172

172

163

148

138

135

301

Nov.

163

145

301

205

205

220

127

135

127

99

<»178

a Probably too high. 

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASINS. 81

Monthly discharge of Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn.,for 1911. 

[ Drainage area, 973 square miles.]

Month.

March 26-31. .. ..........................

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

148 

172 

185 

178 

77 

88 

172 

361 

301

Minimum.

122

93 

97 

54 

47 

63 

67 

125 

99

Mean.

135 

129 

123 

94.2 

56.9 

73.2 

113 

184 

173

Per 

square 

mile.

0.139 

.133 

.126 

.097 

.058 

.075 

.116 

.189 

.178

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.03 

.15 

.15 

.11 

.07 

.09 

.13 

.22 

.07

Accuracy.

B. 

A.

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

SAUK RIVER NEAR ST. CLOUD, MINN.

Location. At highway bridge, 3 miles west of St. Cloud, in sec. 9, T. 124 N., R.

28 W., 10 miles below the nearest tributary, which enters at Rockville. 

Records available. July 8, 1909, to December 31, 1911. 

Drainage area. 816 square miles. 

Gage. Chain; attached to bridge; datum unchanged since established. The gage is

read twice a day, and the mean of the readings is recorded as the mean for the

day.

Channel. Shifting during high water. 

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge. 

Regulation. At the mouth of the river there is a dam 9 feet high. The station

is above the influence of the dam, and backwater from the Mississippi does not

reach the station. The first dam above the station is at Cold Spring, 15 miles

distant. The opening and shutting of the turbine gates at this dam affect the

flow at the gaging station during the low-water season. 

Winter flow. From December to March the river is frozen completely over in the

vicinity of the gaging station, and measurements are made through the ice to

determine the winter discharge. , 

Accuracy. The mean daily gage height during the low-water season is subject to

some error resulting from daily fluctuations in the stage of the river caused by

control of flow by dams above the station, and therefore the records for that

period can not be considered better than fair.

Discharge measurements of Sank River near St. Cloud, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

Apr. 8

Oct. 25

Nov. 29«

Dec. 296

Hydrographer.

C.R.Adams.............................................................

S. B. Son\&.............................. .................................

W.G.Hoyt... ...........................................................

S. B. Soul6. ................. .............................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.80

5.66

6.88

6.53

Dis-

. charge.

Sec.-feet. 

98.0 76. a

135

116

« Complete ice cover. Average thickness of ice, 0.82 foot. Average distance water surface to top ice. 

-0.03 foot.

& Complete ice cover. Average thickness of ice, 0.87 foot. Average distance water surface to surface 

ice, 0.00 foot. Gage height to top of ice, 6.18 feet. Thickness of ice at gage, 1.68 feet.

70057° WSP 305 13 6
82 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofSauk River near St. Cloud, Minn.,for 1911. . 

[Miss Ida Waite, observer.]

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

6.5

6.7

6.7

6.7

6.6

6.7

6.5

6.6

Feb.

6.8

6.9

6.8

Mar.

6.55

6.6

6.3

6.25

6.5

6.55

6.75

5.55

5.55

5.55

5.7

5.75

6.7

Apr.

6.55

6.55

6.45

5.65

5.60

5.50

5.50

5.70

5.30

5.55

5.25

5^5

5.35

5.55

5.25

5.50

5.25

5.30

5.50

5.55

5.50

5.45

5.50

5.25

5.20

5.15

5.55

5.55

5.50

5.60

May.

5.50

5.55

5.55

5.55

5.55

5.55

5.55

5.45

5.25

5.45

5.55

5.75

5.55

5.95

5.60

5.60

5.40

5.40

5.50

5.55

5.55

5.45

5.70

5.55

5.50

5.55

5.60

5.45

5.55

5.60

*; 01

June.

5.20

5.35

5.50

5.50

5.28

5.35

5.45

5.50

5.50

5.50

5.39

5.48

5.55

5.40

5.40

5.54

5.50

5.75

5.60

5.48

5.52

5.38

5.16

5.40

5.50

5.40

5.65

5 fin

5.85

5.75

July.

5.70

5.65

5.50

5.40

5.70

5.55

5.46

5.62

5.65

5.60

5.42

5.55

5.60

5.70

5.60

5.85

5.51

5.52

5.35

5.59

5.74

5.75

5.78

5.85

5.58

5.75

5.68

5.88

5.85

5.75

5.25

Aug.

5.75

5.66

5.70

5.70

5.78

5.90

6.00

5.90

5.81

5.71

5.83

5.70

5.95

5.85

5.71

5.88

6.02

5.88

5.50

5.55

5.30

5.45

5.55

5.50

5.35

5.85

5.60

5.45

5.55

5.50

5.90

Sept.

5.66

5.78

5.92

5.86

5.82

5.90

5.95

6.00

5.38

5.50

5.85

5.70

5.85

5.95

5.78

5.88

5.55

5.60

5.75

5.85

5.75

5.85

5.95

5.99

5.95

5.82

5.85

5.68

5.88

5.95

Oct.

5.88

5.72

5.90

5.80

5.75

5.80

5.66

5.81

6.00

5.94

5.85

5.88

5.86

5.88

5.82

5.72

5.65

5.80

5.60

5.95

5.90

5.70

5.68

5.80

5.70

5.65

5.55

5.50

5.60

5.50

5.25

Nov.

5.30

5.35

5.55

5.65

5.25

5.60

5.70

5.75

5.85

6.20

5.95

6.0

6.2

6.20

6.88

Dec.

6.1

6.70

6.30

6.1

6.6

6.2

6.1

6.1

6.53

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 1 to Mar. 18 and from Oct. 27 to Dec. 31; average thickness from Oct. 27 to 

Dec. 31, about 2 feet; average thickness beginning Nov. 12, about 1 foot.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sank River near St. Cloud., Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

Mar.

300

317

220

206

282

300

378

Apr.

300

300

266

75

68

56

56

82

37

62

34

62

42

62*M

56

34

Q7

56

62

56

51

56

34

30

May.

56

62

62

62

62

fi9

62

51

34

51

62

on

62

68

68

46

46

56

62

fit)

51

82

62

56

June.

30

42

56

56

36

42

51

56

56

56

45

62

46

46

61

56

on

68

54

58

44

28

46

56

July.

82

75

56

46

82

fi9

52

71

75

68

48

62

68

82

68

110

C7

CO

49

67

89

on

Qfi

110

66

Aug.

90

76

82

82

96

120

142

120

101

84

105

82

110

84

116

147

116

56

62

 17

51

62

56

42

Sept.

76

96

124

112

103

120

131

149

44

Cft

110

82

110

96

116

at)

ao

on

110

90

110

140

131

Oct.

116

85

120

OQ

90

oo

76

101

142

19O

110

116

112

116

103

85

75

OQ

68

120

82

7Q

QQ

82

Nov.

37

42

62

75

34

68

82

on

110

"192

« Discharge may be too high as result of applying open channel rating table that is, relation 

height to discharge may have been aflected by ice.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASINS. 83 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sauk River near St. Cloud, Minn.,for 1911 Contd.

Day.

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Mar.

62

62

62

82

90

356

Apr.

27

62

62

56

68

May.

62

68

51

62

68

131

June.

46

75

68

110

90

July.

on

79

116

110

90

75

Aug.

110

68

51

62

56

120

Sept.

103

110

116

131

Oct.

75

62

56

68

56

34

Nov.

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge Mar. 1 to 18 and Nov. 

12 to Dec. 31 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, gage observer's notes, and climatologic records. Mean discharge Mar. 1 to 18 estimated 50 second-feet, varying from about 15 to 200 secondfeet. Mean discharge Nov. 12 to 30 estimated 120 second-feet, varying from about 110 to 135 second-feet. 

Mean discharge Dec. 1 to 31 estimated 135 second-feet, varying from about 110 to 150 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Sauk River near St. Cloud, Minn., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 816 square miles.]

Month.

May....... ............................ ..

July.....................................

December. ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

378 

300 

131 

110 

116 

147 

142 

142

378

Minimum.

27 

34 

28 

42 

37 

44 

34

Mean.

o!2.0 

a 10.0 

117 

76.1 

64.8 

56.1 

75.5 

87.6 

104 

93.1 

107 

135

78.6

Per 

square 

mile.

0.015 

.012 

.143 

.093 

.079 

.069 

.093 

.107 

.127 

.114 

.131 

.164

.096

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.02 .ei

.16 

.10 

.09 

.08 

.11 

.12 

.14 

.13 

.15 

.19

1.30

Accuracy.

C. 

D. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

C. 

C.

a Estimated from one discharge measurement, semiweekly gage heights, and climatologic records. 

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

ELK RIVER NEAR BIG LAKE, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge 4 miles east of Big Lake and half a mile east of

Bailey station on the Northern Pacific Railway; in sec. 23, T. 33 N., R. 27 W.,

one-half mile above Tibbetts Brook and 4 miles below mouth of St.Francia

River.

Records available. Gage heights and discharge measurements .from April 15, 1911, 

 to December 31, 1911. 

Drainage area. 615 square miles. 

Gage. Vertical staff. 

Channel. Probably permanent, as small rapids a short distance below are the

control point. 

Discharge measurements. Made from the highway bridge at all stages except

low, when wading measxirements are made nearby. 

Regulation. The flow of the river above the station is entirely uncontrolled-, as

the only dam on the river is near the mouth, about 8 miles below. 

Winter flow. From December to March the relation between gage heights and

discharge is affected by ice, and during that period measurements are made to

determine the winter discharge.
84 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Discharge measurements of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

May 10

July 16

Oct. 26

Nov. 286

Dec. 28 e

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

B.'R.&wM. ..............................................................

height.

Feet. 

0.38

.22

.90

.98

1.08

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

72.5

43.4

205

95.6

106

« Wading measurement.

6 Complete ice cover. Average thickness of ice, 0.36 foot; average distance water surface to top of ice, 

0.00 foot. 

c 90 per cent ice cover. Average thickness of ice at measuring section, 0.55 foot.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn., for 1911. 

[Michael E. Tracy, observer.]

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

O

I:::::::::::::::::::::::::::

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10........-.-.-.-.---.-.-....

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20.....-.-.-.-----.----.-....

21 ...........................

^Z... ........................

23. ..........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27........ ...................

28

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Apr.

0.70

.65

64

.61

.59

.62

.65

.60

.58

KC

KO

49

.48

48

.48

48

May.

0.48

.45

.45

.44

4fl

.38

.38

.38

.38

.38

.34

.32

.35

.40

.69

.76

.72

.70

.95

1.00

.98

1.10

1.11

1.01

on

.82

.74

.69

.64

.58

.55

June.

0.51

.51

.55

.66

.61

.59

.65

.78

.75

.66

.62

.61

.58

.54

.49

.55

.60

.52

.49

.44

.39

.38

.36

Qyt

.34

.54

.45

4fl

.48

.49

July.

0.40

.36

.34

.31

.45

.42

.38

.34

.32

.31

.29

.26

.25

.24

.22

.22

.22

.24

.28

.28

.26

.24

.25

.25

.25

.24

.22

.29

.28

.26

.28

Aug.

0.50

.45

.41

.46

.44

.42

.48

.49

. .45

.44

.41

.40

.39

.39

.38

.38

.38

.34

.32

.31

.31

.34

.35

.32

.31

.31

.39

.36

.35

.38

.38

Sept.

0.38

.35

.34

.39

.42

.44

.45

.45

.44

.41

.50

.50

.46

.48

.46

.44

.42

.44

.42

.41

.42

.41

.40

.40

.38

.38

.40

.41

.56

.52

Oct.

0.51

.46

.60

.64

.61

.84

.86

.79

.78

.76

.75

.72

.72

.88

.89

.94

1.02

1.05

1.05

1.05

1.04

.99

.98

.96

.94

.89

.86

.84

.81

.79

.76

Nov.

0.71

.66

.65

.68

.68

.74

.69

.66

.64

.61

.56

.55

.72

.85

.90

.92

.98

.98

.98

Dec.

0.98

.98

1.12

1.02

.98

1.05

1.12

1.09

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Nov. 13 to Dec. 31.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn., for 1911.

Day.

1....................... .............

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6................................. .

7....................................

8........................... . .

9....................................

10....................................

Apr. May.

96

90

90

88

80

76

76

76

76

76

June.

102

102

110

135

123

119

132

163

156

135

July.

80

72

69

63

90

84

76

69

65

63

Aug.

100

90

82

92

88

84

%

98

90

88

Sept.

76

70

69

78

84

88

90

90

88

82

Oct.

102

92

121

130

123

178

184

166

163

158

Nov.

146

135

132

139

139

154

142

135

130

123
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASINS. 85

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn., for 1911 Continued.

Day.

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17...........................^.......

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

0131.....................................

Apr.

132

130

123

119

126

139

121

117

110

104

98

Oft

96

96

96

May.

69

65

70

80

142

158

149

144

208

222

216

250

225

194

173

154

142

130

117

110

June.

126

123

117

108

98

110

121

104

Qfi

88

76

72

69

69

108

an

80

96

98

July.

59

54

52

50

47

47

47

50

57

57

54

50

52

52

52

50

47

59

57

54

57

Aug.

82

80

78

78

76

76

76

69

63

63

69

70

65

63

63

78

72

70

76

76

Sept.

100

100

92

96

92

88

84

88

82

82

80

80

76

76

80

82

113

104

Oct.

156

149

149

189

191

205

228

236

238

233

219

216

211

205

191

184

178

171

166

158

Nov.

113

110

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined and which was determined from 

discharge measurements made during 1912, before the publication of this report, in addition to 1911 discharge 

measurements. Discharge Nov. 13 to Dec. 31 estimated, because of ice, from discharge measurements, 

observer's notes, climatologic records, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas. Mean discharge Nov. 13 

to 30, estimated 100 seeond-feot. Mean discharge Dec. 1 to 31, estimated 110 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Elk River near Big Lake, Minn., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 615 square miles.]

Month.

April 14-30.. ............................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

144 

253 

163 

90 

100 

113 

236 

154

Minimum.

96 

65 

69 

47 

63 

69 

92

Mean.

114 

132 

107 

59.2 

77.9 

85.9 

178 

113 

110

Per 

square 

mile.

0.185 

.215 

.174 

.090 

.127 

.140 

.289 

.184 

.179

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.12 

.25 

.19 

.11 

.15 

.16 

.33 

.21 

.21

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

C. 

C.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.

CHOW RIVER AT ROCKFORD, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge at Rockford, a little more than a mile below 

the junction of the North and South branches. Between the junction and the 

station are the outlets of Rebecca Lake and Lake Sarah, both very small streams.

Records available. June 4, 1909, to December 31,1911.

Drainage area. 2,520 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged since established.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. During high and medium stages discharge measurements are made from the bridge, but during low stages measurements are made 

from a boat and cable several hundred yards downstream.
86 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAKT V.

Regulation. A short distance above the station is the 7-foot dam of a flour mill 

which operates intermittently. As the turbine uses but a small portion of the 

flow, the effect of shutting it down is inappreciable at the gage except during 

extreme low water. At that time four readings per day are taken to determine 

the mean flow. This dam was partly destroyed May 31, 1911, and has not yet 

been rebuilt.

Winter flow. Gage heights are little affected by ice. The dam is so near the station that the stream remains open for the greater part of the section and for a 

distance of several hundred yards below. Winter measurements show that the 

open channel rating curve applies throughout the year.

Accuracy. Conditions at this station are favorable for excellent results, and therefore the records should be reliable. Stations were originally established on 

both branches above their junction to be used as a check on the Rockford records, but the conditions on the North Branch were so unsatisfactory that its 

station was discontinued June 30, 1910.

Discharge measurements of Crow River at Rockford, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

Dee. 226

Hydrographer.

S. B. 8aal6. ..............................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.01

4.96

Discharge.

See.-ft. 

142

138

a Measurements made by wading. & Measurement at regular section, 26 per cent ice .over.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Crow River at Rockford, Minn., for 1911. 

[Geo. W. Florida, observer.]

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

4.72

4.70

4.67

4.66

4.68

4.68

A fid

4.65

4.64

A fi4

4.64

4 64

4.64

4.63

4.60

4 62

4.62

4.62

4.62

4.62

4.62

4.58

4.62

4.62

4.60

4.60

4. CO'

4.60

4.55

4.58 

4.59

Feb.

4.58

4.58

4.58

4.60

4.55

4.58

4.57

4.58

4.56

4.58

4.58

4.56

4.58

4.58

4.59

4.60

4.60

4.60

4.56

4 60

4.62

4.63

4.64

4.04

4.(K

4.50

4.62

4.64

.......

Mar.

4.64

4.64

4.63

4 64

4.57

4.65

4.66

4.68

4.72

4.74

4.81

4.87

4.92

4.95

4.96

5.02

5.04

5.04

5.00

5.05

5.06

5.05

5.04

5.04

5.04

5.00

5.04

5.04

5.03

5.02 

5.02

Apr.

5.02

4.96

5.01

5.02

5.02

5.02

5.02

5.03

5.01

5.03

5.13

5.16

5.20

5.16

5.18

5.18

5.16

5.16

5.15

5.14

5.14

5.12

5.02

4.94

4.92

4.92

4.94

4.94

4.92

May.

4.95

4.96

4.94

4 Q9

4.92

4.89

4.88

4.90

4.88

4 86

4.88

4.88

4.86

4.85

4.96

5.03

5.12

5.46

5.61

5.70

5.76

5.84

5.91

5.88

5.78

5.52

5.40

5.31

5.18

5.11 

5.14

June.

5.22

5.14

5.16

5.16

5.80

5.64

5.62

5.60

5.48

5.32

5.28

5.19

5.22

5.04

5.03

5.14

5.04

5.00

4 97

4.96

4.94

4.91

4.90

5.12

5.19

5.12

5.02

5.08

5.11

July.

5.10

5.02

4.97

4.91

4.90

4.94

4 93

4.92

4.94

4.96

4.95

4.94

4.92

4.90

4.86

4.84

4.84

4.85

4.86

4.86

4.86

4.84

4.85

4.86

4.84

4.81

4.80

4.80

4.78

4.78 

4.78

Aug.

4 80

4.82

4.85

A B9

4.82

4.82

4 CO

4 84

4.88

4 OK

4.81

4.78

4.84

4.85

4.85

4.95

4.90

4.81

4.82

4.82

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.79

4.79

4.80

4.81

4.80

4.78

4.77 

4.80

Sept.

4.80

4.78

4.78

4 80

4.82

4.82

4.82

4.82

4.82

4 sft

4.92

4.96

5.05

5.04

5.00

4.94

4.87

4.84

4.84

4.83

4.82

4.82

4.81

4.81

4.82

4.82

4.82

4.82

4.86

4.86

Oct.

4.87

4.86

4.96

5.05

5.62

6.10

6.46

6.50

6.15

5.75

5.60

5.58

5.54

5.54

5.54

5.58

6.06

6.16

6.06

6.00

5.98

5.82

5.73

5.66

J>.62

5.54

5.48

5.41

5.36

5.29 

5.24

Nov.

A QQ

5.06

5.12

5.14

5.15

5.15

5.14

5.18

5.10

4.94

4.90

5.06

5.04

5.06

5.05

5.09

5.05

5.04

5.02

5.00

5.00

4.98

5.00

5.00

5.00

5.00

4.99

4.97

4.96

Dec.

5.00

5.00

5.00

5.00

4.99

o.OO

A OS).

5.00

5.00

5.04

5.02

5.02

5.04

5.04

5.06

5.10

h. 10

5.06

5.04

5.02

5.00

4.98

4.98

4.99

4.98

5.00

5.00

4.98

5.03

5.10 

5.18

NOTE. Discharge measurements show that the relation of gage height to discharge is probably not 

affected by ice.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASIN'S. 87 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Crow River at Rockford, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1...............

2... ............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18. ..............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

67

62

56

54

58

58

51

52

51

51

51

51

51

49

43

47

47

47

47

47

47

40

47

47

43

43

43

43

34

40

41

Feb.

40

40

40

43

34

40

38

40

38

40

40

38

40

40

41

&

43

43

38

43

47

49

51

51

51

38

47

51

Mar.

51

51

49

51

38

52

54

58

67

71

88

104

118

128

131

151

158

158

144

162

165

162

158

158

158

144

158

158

154

151

151

Apr.

151

131

148

151

151

151

151

154

148

154

190

202

217

202

209

20S

206

202

202

198

194

194

187

151

125

118

118

125

125

118

May.

128

131

125

118

118

109

107

112

107

101

107

107

101

98

131

154

187

327

400

445

478

522

560

544

489

355

300

261

209

183

194

June.

225

194

202 202-

500

415

405

395

336

266

249

213

225

158

154

194

194

158

144

134

131

125

115

115

187

213

187

151

172

183

July.

179

151

134

115

112

125

122

118

125

131

128

125

118

112

101

96

96

98

101

101

101

96

98

101

96

88

85

85

80

80

80

Aug.

85

90

98

93

90

SO

90

96

107

98

88

80

96

98

98

128

112

88

90

90

85

85

85

83

83

85

88

85

80

78

85

Sept.

85

80

80

85

90

90

90

90

90

85

118

131

162

158

144

125

104

96

96

93

90

90

88

88

90

90

90

90

101

101

Oct.

104

101

131

162

405

665

881

905

695

472

395

385

365

365

365

385

643

701

643

610

599

511

462

425

405

365

336

304

283

253

233

Nov.

209

138

165

187

194

198

198

194

209

179

125

112

165

158

165

162

176

162

158

151

144

144

138

144

144

144

144

141

134

131

Dec.

144

144

144

144

141

144

138

144

144

158

151

151

158

158

165

179

179

165

158

151

144

138

138

141

138

144

144

138

154

179

209

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve that is well denned between 

62 and 3,670 second-feet (gage heights 4.7 and 10 feet).

Monthly discharge of Crow River at Rockford, Minn.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 2,520 square miles.]

Month.

March. .................................

April ...................................

July....................................

August. ................................

September. . ............................

October.......... ................. ....

December. ..............................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

67 

51 

165 

217 

560 

500 

179 

128 

162 

905 

209 

209

905

Minimum.

34 

34 

38 

118 

98 

115 

80 

78 

80 

101 

112 

138

34

Mean.

48.6 

42.4 

116 

166 

229 

218 

109 

91.2 

100 

437 

160 

152

157

Per 

square 

mile.

0.019 

.017 

.046 

.066 

.091 

.087 

.043 

.036 

.040 

.173 

.064 

.060

.062

Run-ofi 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.02 

.02 

. .05 

.07 

.10 

.10 

.05 

.04 

.04 

.20 

.07 

.07

.83

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

SOUTH FORK OF CROW RIVER NEAR ROCKFORD, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge 3J miles southwest of Rockford, in sec. 1, T.

118 N., R. 25 W.; no tributaries within several miles. 

Records available. June 15, 1909, to December 31, 1911. 

Drainage area. 1,160 square miles.
88 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged.

Channel. Slightly shifting.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge except at low stages, when they 

are made by wading a short distance upstream.

Winter flow. Observations are discontinued from December to March, inclusive, 

because of ice.

Regulation. The nearest dam is that at Delano, which is merely used as a diversion dam by the Great Northern Railway Co. The control for the station is 

determined by the dam at Rockford. From July 27 to August 10, 1909, and 

from June 1 to December 31, 1911, the dam at Rockford was open, and the control was temporarily changed.

Discharge measurements of South Fork of Crow River near Rockfqrd, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

June 15«

Sept. 2»

Dec. 226

Hydrographer.

8. ~B.Soul6.. .............................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.72

.66

1.61

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

. 12.8

5.40

35.9

» Measurement made at wading section.

6 Measurement made through complete ice cover 500 feet above gage. Average thickness ice at measured section, 0.47 foot.

Daily gage height, in feet, of South Fork of Crow River near Rockford, Minn., for 1911.

[Jacob Horsch, observer.]

Day.

1...... .............

2...................

3...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8. ..................

9...................

10...................

11. ..................

12. ..................

13...................

14. .... J .............

15...................

16. ..................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

OQ

9Q

30...................

31

Mar.

i.i4

1.20

1.28

1 40

1.56

1.64

1.69

1 fiQ

1.71

1.81

1.68

1.74

1.72

1.70

1.72

1.71

1.78

1 Si

1.78

1.71

1.71

1.75

1.71

1.74

1.72

1.71

1.70

Apr.

1.69

1.70

1.70

1 69

1 AQ

1.71

1 69

1 79

1.72

1.72

1.76

1 79

1.80

1.80

1.81

1 84

1 84

1.82

1.85

1 Q1

1.81

1.76

1.75

1.71

1 79

1.71

1.70

1.72

1.72

1.74

May.

1.72

1.72

1.71

1.68

1.65

1.61

1.61

1.65

1.62

1.59

1.50

1.46

1.36

1.45

1.65

1.80

1.80

1.99

2.12

2 on

2.22

2.30

2 on

2 91

2.06

1.96

1 Q1

1.86

1.81

1 79

June.

0.80

.70

.70

.80

7Q

.76

.70

.71

.71

.70

.70

64 .62'

.61

79

.81

.80

.72

.69

.62

.64

.61

.61

.62

.88

1.24

1.04

1.16

1.12

1.02

July.

0.98

.92

.91

90

on

.90

.90

on

.92

.90

.88

84

.81

.79

79

7Q

.80

.76

.75

.74

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

64

.61

.62

64

Aug.

0.69

.86

.78

.74

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.71

.94

1.15

1.38

1.19

1.05

.94

OE

.81

.80

.78

.71

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

.70

Sept.

0.70

.68

.68

79

91

.90

.90

86

.84

.81

1.00

1.55

1.52

1.29

1.09

1.01

.96

.90

.88

84

.85

.85

.80

.79

.76

.75

.75

.79

.80

.80

Oct.

0.80

.80

1.00

1.21

1 9S

2.92

4.09

3.68

 3.22

2.88

2.62

2.44

2.32

2.32

2.40

2.65

3.38

3.38

3.16

2.92

2.76

2.65

2.52

2.41

2.16

2.11

2.08

2.00

1.95

1.91

1.88

Nov.

1.79

1.60

1.56

1.68

1 64

1.65

1.61

1.54

1.51

1.56

1.48

1.42

1.40

1.40

1.4

1.42

1.38

Dec.

1.4

1.4

1.55

1.68

1.62

1.6

1.61

1.58

1.5

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 1 to Feb. 28 and Nov. 12 to 

Dec. 31. Relation of gage height to discharge changed June 1 because of change in control caused by dam 

at Rockford being destroyed.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEK BASINS. 89

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Fork of Crow River near Rockford, Minn., for

1911.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20. ..........................

21...........................

22...........................

23 ...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31. ..................... ..*..

Mar.

20

20

20

25

28

32

38

Aft

64

72

78

78

80

91

77

eq

81

7Q

81

80

88

Q1

88 ' 80

80

84

80

83

81

80

79

Apr.

78

7Q

79

78

78

80

78

81

81

81

86

89

on

90

91

95

95

92

96

01

91

86

84

80

81

80

79

81

81

83

May.

81

81

80

77

74

69

69

74

70

67

58

54

45

54

74

90

90

114

131

142

145

150

157

156

123

110

103

97

91

CO

June.

80

65

60

tt

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

iq

19

13

19

19

13

12

8

9

8

8

8

22

48

33

42

39

31

July.

29

94.

24

23

23

23

, 23

23

24

23

22

19

18

16

16

16

17

15

14

19

10

10

10

10

10

10

10

6

i4

5

6

Aug.

12

91

16

10

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

8

20

34

51

36

27

20

15

14

13

12

8

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

Sept.

6

5 q

5.3

10

14

14

14

12

12

10

19

63

60

39

24

20

17

14

13

12

12

12

10

10

8

8

8

10

10

10

Oct.

10

10

19

33

38

272

557

450

341

264

212

180

160

160

173

218

378

378

329

272

239

218

194

175

136

129

125

115

108

103

100

Nov.

89

68

64

77

72

74

69

62

59

64

56

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a fairly well defined rating curve, which was applied indirectly 

from June 1 to Aug. 31. Daily discharge Mar. 1 to 4 estimated. Discharge Nov. 12 to Dec. 31 estimated, 

because of ice, from one discharge measurement, gage observer's notes, climatologic records, and discharge 

of adjacent drainage areas. Mean discharge Nov. 12 to 30 estimated 25 second-feet, varying from about 20 

to 45 second-feet. Mean discharge Dec. 1 to 31 estimated 35 second-feet, varying from about 15 to 45 secondfeet.

Monthly discharge of South Fork of Crow River near Rockford, Minn., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,170 square miles.]

Month.

April...................................

July. ...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

91 

96 

157 

80 

29 

51 

63 

557 

89

Minimum.

20

78 

45 

8 

4 

6 

5.3 

10

Mean.

67.4 

84.5 

95.5 

28.8 

16.0 

13.6 

16.1 

197 

41.0 

35.0

Per

square 

mile.

0.057 

.072 

.082 

.024 

.014

.012 

.014 

.168 

.035 

.030

Run-off 

(depth In 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.07 

.08 

.09 

.03 

.02 

.01 

.02 

.19 

.04 

.03

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

D.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

BUM RIVER AT ONAMIA, MINN.

Location. At the steel highway bridge at Onamia, 200 yards below the outlet of 

Lake Onamia and 5 miles above the mouth of Bradbury Brook.

Records available. September 24, 1909, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 414 square miles, of which 207 square miles are taken up by the 

water surface of Mille Lacs Lake.
90 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Gage. Vertical staff. The gage was located originally at the wooden highway 

bridge jus"t below the "Soo" Railway bridge, but May 4, 1910, this bridge was 

destroyed and the gage moved 200 yards downstream to the steel highway bridge. 

The new gage was set to read the same as the old one.

Channel. Practically permanent, except as affected by grass.

Discharge measurements. Made from the steel highway bridge.

Winter flow. At the original location gage heights were practically unaffected by 

ice. At the present location, however, the river freezes over.

Regulation. Two miles below Onamia is an abandoned logging dam which raises 

the water level about 3 feet but does not control the flow. As there is a good 

fall to the river the influence of this dam does not reach the gaging station. 

Owing to the natural storage afforded by the lakes, the range of stage at Onamia 

is slight.

Accuracy. The extremely low water of 1911 was favorable to the growth of grass 

in the river channel. This growth created an appreciable backwater effect at 

the gage, and therefore the records for that period are not as reliable as during 

the remainder of the year.

Discharge measurements of Rum River at Onamia, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

June 30^fl

Sept. 1

Or»f 9%

Hydrographer.

S. B.Soul<§.. .............................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.40

.40

- .04

00

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

5.2

5.2

.67

16.6

NOTE. All 1911 measurements made by wading.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rum River at Onamia, Minn., for 1911.

r 

[R. Swedburg, observer.]

Day.

1...........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12. ................. ........

13...........................

14...........................

15...... ........... ........

16...........................

17. ..........................

18...........................

19...........................

20. ..........................

21...... ....................

22.... . ....................

23...........................

24. ..........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28. ..........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Apr.

0.30

.30

.30

.32

.32

.32

.35

.35

.38

.38

.40

.40

.42

.45

.48

.50

.50

.50

.50

.50

.50

.48

.48

.48

.45

.45

.42

.42

.42

.40

May.

0.38

.35

.32

.30

.28

.25

.22

.25

.25

.25

.22

.22

.20

.22

.22

.25

.25

.28

.28

3fi

3(1

.28

.28

.25

.22

.22

.20

.20

.20

.20

.22

June.

0.25

.28

.32

.34

.35

.38

.40

.42

.45

.48

.48

" .48

.48

.50

.50

.50

.50

.48

.48

.45

.45

.48

.48

.45

.45

.45

.45

.45

.45

.44

July.

0.45

.45

.42

.42

.42

.40

.38

.38

.35

.32

.30

.28

.25

.22

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

.08

.08

flQ

.05

.05

.05

.02

.02

.02

.02

.05

Aug.

0.05

.05

.08

.08

.08

.08

.05

.05

.05

.02

.02

.02

.02

.02

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.05

.02

.02

.02

.02

.02

.00

.00

 .02

 .05

 .05

Sept.

0.05

 .02

 .02

 .02

 .02

.00

.00

.00

.00

.02

.02

.02

.05

.07

.10

.12

.15

.15

.18

.18

.18

.18

.18

.18

.20

.20

.20

.20

.20

.20

Oct.

0.20

.20

.22

.22

.22

.25

.28

.30

.30

.32

.32

.35

.38

.38

.40

.40

.40

.38

.38

.40

.40

40

.38

.38

.38

00

.35

.35

.35

.35

Nov.

0.35

.35

.35

.35

.35

.35

.35

.32

.32

.32

.32

.30

.30

.30

.30

3fi

3(1

.30

.30

28

28

.28

.28

.28

.28

.28

.25

.25 .-25

.25

Dec.

0.25

.25

.25

- .25

.25

.25

.22

.22

.22

.20

.20

.20

.20

.20

.20

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 1 to Mar. 20, aad Dec. 16 to 31.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASINS. 91 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rum River at Onamia, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

*

1.. .................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

U.......... .........

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

1Q

20

ZL.. .................

22.. .................

23...................

24

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29

30...................

31...................

Mar.

1

2

3

3

3

3

3

Apr.

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.8

3.8

3.8

4.3

4.3

4.8

4.8

5.2

5.2

6.1

7.4

8.6

9.5

9.5

9.5

9.5

9.5

9.5

8.6

8 A

8.6

7.4

7.4

6.1

6.1

6.1

5.2

May.

4.8

4.3

3.8

3.4

3.2

2.9

2.6

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.6

2.6

2.9

2.9

3.2

3.2

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.2

2.9

2

ft

2.6

2.4

2.4

2 A

2.4

2.6

June.

2.9

3.2

3.8

4.1

4.3

4.8

5.2

6.1

7.4

8.6

8.6

8.6

8.6

9.5

9.5

9.5

9.5

8.6

8.6

7 4

7.4

8.6

8.6

7.4

7.4

7.4

7.4

7.4

7.4

6.9

July.

7.4

7.4

6.1

0.1

6.1

5.2

4.8

4.8

4.3

3.8

3.4

3.2

2.9

2.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.2

.9

.9

.9

1.2

Aug.

1.2

1.2

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.2

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

.9

.9

.9

.9

.8

.8

.7

.6

.6

Sept.

0.6

.7

.7

.7

.7

.8

.8

.8

.8

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.5

2.4

3.0

3.6

4.5

4.5

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

Oct.

6.0

6.0

7.0

7.0

7.0

8.5

10.0

11.0

11.0

12.4

12.4

14 5

16.6

16.6

18.0

18.0

18.0

18.0

16.6

16.6

18.0

18.0

18.0

16.6

16.6

16.6

16.6

14.5

14.5

14.5

14.5

Nov.

14.5

14.5

14.5

14.5

14.5

14.5

14.5

12.4

12.4

12.4

12.4

11.0

11.0

11.0

11.0

11.0

11.0

11.0

11.0

10.0

10.0

10.0

10.0

10.0

10.0

10.0

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.5

Dec.

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.5

8.5

7.0

7.0

7.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from two rating curves not well defined except from Jan. 1 to Mar. 20, 

when there was no flow, as the river was frozen to the bottom. Discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 31 and Dec. 16 to 

31 estimated, because of ice, from observer's notes, climatologic records, and discharge of adjacent drainage 

areas. Mean discharge Dec. 16 to 31 estimated 3 second-feet, varying from about 0 to 6 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Rum River at Onamia, Minn., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 414 square miles.]

Month.

January.. . ..............................

Mamh ,.

April....................................

May....................................

July....................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

0.0 

.0 

3 

9.5

4.8 

9.5 

7.4 

1.4 

6.0 

18.0 

14.5 

8.5

18.0

Minimum.

0.0 

.0 

.0 

3.4 

2.4 

2.9 

.9 

.6 

.6 

6.0 

8.5 

.0

.0

Mean.

0.00 

.00 

.97 

6.45 

2.97 

7.16 

2.89 

1.05 

3.26 

13.9 

11.4 

5.03

4.60

Per 

square 

mile.

0.0000 

.0000 

.0023 

.016 

.0072 

.017 

.0070 

.0025 

.0079 

.034 

.028 

.012

.011

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.000 

.000 

.003 

.02 

.008 

.02 

.008 

.003 

.009 

.04 

.03 

.01

.15

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B.

C. 

C. 

C.

c. 

c.

B. 

B. 

C. 

D.

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.
92 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

BUM RIVER AT CAMBRIDGE, MINN.

Location. At highway bridge one-half mile west of Cambridge. No tributary 

within several miles.

Records available. June 12, 1909, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 1,160 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged since established.

Channel. Somewhat changeable, as shown by low-water measurements.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge.

Winter flow. From December to March, discharge measurements are made through 

ice to determine the winter flow.

Regulation. At St. Francis, 20 miles below Cambridge by river, there is a 10-foot 

dam and power plant. Between the crest of the dam and the water surface 

at the gaging station there is a difference in elevation of about 6 feet. The fact 

that morning and evening gage heights during the low-water period show no 

consistent change, being for the most part the same, indicates that the St. Francis 

dam has very little effect on the flow at this station, even though the flow may 

fall below the crest during certain portions of the day. The only dam above 

Cambridge is one at Milaca, which is used to form a pool from which water is 

pumped.

Accuracy. During the summer of 1911 grass grew in the channel to such an extent 

that it caused backwater in varying amounts at the gage. The records for that 

period, therefore, can not be considered better than fair. The remainder of the 

records are believed to be good.

Discharge measurements of Rum River at Cambridge, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

Mar. 2o

Aug. 296

Oct. 146

Nov. 27 c

27 c

Dec. 27<*

Hydrographer.

S.B.SoulS.. .............................................................

.....do....................................................................

W. G. Hoyt..............................................................

S. B. 80016.. .............................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.16

3.10

3.31

4.01

3.30

3.30

3.45

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

62.7

147

59.8

285

110

114

114

a Measurement made under ice cover.

6 Grass and moss in channel.

« Measurement under ice condition, 92 per cent ice cover; average thickness of ice, 0.51 foot; average distance water surface to top of ice, 0.01 foot.

<* Measurement made under complete ice cover. Average thickness of ice, 0.64 foot; average gage height 

to top of ice, 3.51.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rum River at Cambridge, Minn., for 1911. 

[Martin Lofstrom, observer.]

Day.

1:. .............

2............... 

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9............... 

10...............

Jan.

"3." 65"

3.02

"3."08"

Feb.

"3." is"

3.15

"s.'is

Mar.

3.15 

3.20

3.15

"3." 22" 

3.28

Apr.

2.70

2.70 

2.66

2.65

2.71

2.72

2.69

2.72 

2.74 

2.76

May.

2.76

2.78 

2.74

2.71

2.72

2 71

2.68

2.62 

2.62 

2.64

June.

3.16

3.11 

3.14

3.25

3.40

3.45

4.80

4.98 

4.72 

4.46

July.

3'. 92

3.85 

3.74

3.70

3.84

3.90

3.85

3.80 

3.76 

3.69

Aug.

3.74

3.84 

3.90

3.96

3.99

4.05

3.98

3.99 

4.00 

3.96

Sept.

3.36

3/36 

3.30

3.28

3.31

3.38

3.36

3.39 

3.41 

3.48

Oct.

3.21

3.20 

3.32

3.49

3.49

3.71

3.95

4.00 

4.40 

4.70

Nov.

3.31

3.15 

3.19

3.24

3.02

3.21

3.12

3.08 

3.05 

3.05

Dec.

3.28

3.28

3.30
UPPEK MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASINS. 93 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Rum River at Cambridge, Minn.,for 1911 Continued.

Day.

11...............

1 9

10

14............... 

15...............

16............... 

17............... 

18............... 

19...............

20...............

21...............

23...............

24...............

25............... 

26...............

27...............

28............... 

29............... 

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

3.08

"i'io"

3 1 9'

3.15

3.15 

"z.ih'

Feb.

3.20 

"3." 15 ~

3.12

3.15

"3." 26"

Mar.

3.20

3.34

3.20

3.14 

3.51

3.24 

3.14 

3.12

2 08

2.94

2.76

2.75 

2.81

2.82 

2.90 

2.81 

2.75 

2.74

Apr.

2.79

2 96

3 0A

3.31 

3.29

3.26 

3.18 

3.05 

3.18

3.22

3.18

3

1 o

3.00 

2.95

2.91 

2.89 

2.85 

2.81

May.

2.68

2 CO

2.62 

3.12

3.65 

3.75 

3.92 

4.04

4.11

4.50

4 99

4 84

4.49

4.24 

4.20

3.96 

3.68 

3.48 

3.35 

3.24

June.

4.29

4.25

4.21

4.11 

4.04

4.01 

3.96 

3.94 

3.90

3.88

3.85

3.82

3.79

3.74

3.70 

3.71

3.71 

3.70

3.78 

3.88

July.

3.59

3.54

3.46

3.42 

3.39

3.36 

3.35 

3.38 

3.40

3.41

3.42

o A9

£41

3.42

3.45 

3.46

3.45 

3.55 

3.56 

3.64 

3.65

Aug.

3.90

3

QQ

3.89

3.94 

3.95

3.90

3.85 

3.81

3.74

3.61

3.54

3.46

3.42 

3.44

3.38 

3.34 

3.32 

3.34 

3.36

Sept.

3.65

3

7c

3 64

3.58 

3.56

3.58 

3.51 

3.66 

3.82

3.80

3.76

3 fiQ

3.54

3.38

3.29 

3.22

3.16 

3.21 

3.28 

3.25

Oct.

4.68

4.45

4.20

4.01 

3.85

3.80 

4.06 

4.31 

4.48

4.60

4.54

4.36

4.19

4.04

3.92 

3.82

3.76 

3.69 

3.60 

3.48 

3.39

Nov.

2.98

3.08

3.12

3.18

3.25

.......

3.30

Dec.

3.43

3.50 

"3."48

3.45

3. 45

3.45 

"3.42

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 1 to Mar. 9; average thickness of ice; 1 to 1.5 feet; and Nov. 11 to Dec. 31, average 

thickness of ice, 0.2 to 0.6 foot.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rum River at Cambridge, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

30........................... <il

Mar.

63

63

65

70

75

80

100

125

150

183

166

196

166

233

174

153

149

121

111

114

so

87

92

86

94

95

107

94

86

84

Apr.

79

70

75

72

80

81

78

82

84

87

91

11s

174

189

185

179

162

135

162

183

174

1 ftO

149

129

125

116

80

106

100

109

May.

87

89

84

80

82

80

77

69

69

71

77

AQ

68

69

149

266

290

332

362

381

485

580

482

415

404

273

227

198

174

June.

158

147

153

176

209

220

569

619

547

474

428

At Q

407

381

362

355

342

337

327

322

. 314

307

300

288

280

280

278

9Q7

322

July.

319

301

275

262

299

302

287

275

265

246

220

200

182

172

169

156

151

157

160

161

155

151

150

150

155

148

145

164

165

180

180

Aug.

190

215

240

242

251

247

232

233

233

225

196

195

194

205

205

190

172

161

160

158

135

104

91

84

72

68

64

An

62

64

Sept.

, 70

72

68

76

80

90

88

89

96

115

145

165

152

141

139

145

131

158

198

194

183

176

146

120

107

97

87

98

107

105

Oct.

98

97

116

150

150

195

254

216

370

455

450

395

345

285

251

240

305

380

425

455

450

400

360

325

295

271

260

245

225

202

183

NOV.

168

140

146

157

118

155

139

135

130

130

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve not well denned, which was applied indirectly 

owing to shifting of channel. Daily discharge estimated Mar. 1 to 9. Discharge Nov. 11 to Dec. 31 estimated, because of ice, on basis of three discharge measurements, gage observer's notes, and climatologic 

records. Mean discharge Nov. 11 to 30 estimated 117 second-feet, varying from about 110 to 127 secondfeet. Mean discharge Dec. 1 to 31 estimated 114 second-feet.
94 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PABT V.

Monthly discharge of Rum River at Cambridge, Minn.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,160 square miles.]

Month..

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

233 

189 

622 

619 

319 

251 

198 

45fl 

168

622

Minimum.

o63 

72 

68 

147 

145 

60 

68 

97 

6110

Mean.

o45.0 

o55.0 

117 

121 

228 

330 

203 

163 

121 

285 

125 

6114

160

Per 

square 

mile.

0.039

.047 

.101 

.104 

.197 

.284 

.175 

.141 

.104 

.246 

.108 

.098

.138

Run-on" 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.04 

.05 

.12 

.12 

.23 

.32 

.20 

.16 

.12 

.28 

.12 

.11

1.87

Accuracy.

C. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

D. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C.

o Estimated from two ice measurements and semi-weekly gage height*. 

6 Estimated.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

MINNESOTA RIVER BASIN. 

MINNESOTA EIVER NEAE ODESSA, MINN.

Location. At highway bridge 1 mile southwest of Odessa in sec. 32, T. 121 N., R.

45 W., half a mile below the mouth of Stony Run, a very small stream entering

from the north.

Records available. July 4, 1909, to November 19, 1911. 

Drainage area. 1,560 square miles.

Gage. Chain, attached to bridge; datum unchanged since established. 

Channel. Practically permanent except during periods of high water. 

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge, except during low stages, when

they are made at a wading section. 

Winter flow. The river is frozen over and observations are discontinued from

December to March. The flow during that period may possibly be estimated by

using the run-off per square mile of drainage area above Montevideo. (See p. 98.) 

Regulation. The flow at Odessa is entirely uncontrolled, as the nearest dam is at

Granite Falls.

This station was established in order to determine the run-off from Big Stone Lake 

available for storage and the amount of flood water contributed by the upper valley. 

As Whetstone River enters Minnesota River above Odessa a station was established on 

that stream also for the purpose of determining the amount of water passing Odessa 

from that source.

Owing to its extreme flatness the valley immediately below Big Stone Lake is subject to severe overflow during high water, and therefore it was not possible to select 

a satisfactory station site above Odessa. Even at this point extremely high water 

overflows around one end of the bridge, but the amount is only a small percentage of 

the entire flow.
TJPPEB MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASINS. 95

Discharge measurements of Minnesota River near Odessa, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

May 6

Hydrographer.

8. B. 8oal6.. ................. ............................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.32

2.09

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

20.9

8.23

a Measurement made by wading at section about 100 feet above the bridge. Channel obstructed by grass 

and moss.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Minnesota River near Odessa, Minn., for 1911. 

[Claud Shellenbarger, observer.]

Day.

1.......... .................

2...........................

3...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28.........................

29

30. ..........................

31...........................

Mar.

4.71

4

C1

4 46

4.12

3.66

3

07

4.48

2

71

2

ei

2.51

2

EA

Apr.

2.91

3.06

2.78

2.77

2.85

2.82

2.88

2.86

2.76

2.70

2.46

3.08

3.65

3.38

3.14

3

AA

2

QA

2 CO

2.66

2 66

2 g7

2.66

2

C1

2 en

2 48

2.47

2

AQ

2

C.7

2.47

May.

2.48

2.48

2.47

2.47

2.46

2

Q7

2.36

2.40

2.40

2

00

2 on

2

00

2 1 ^

2 on

2 40

2.48

2

0**

2 1 1

2 1Q

2 11

2 1 ^

2 AS

2 09

June.

2.05

2.09

2.12

2.82

2.68

2.58

2.52

2.30

2.20

2.15

2 09

2 99

1 98

2 no

2

AA

1.92

1 OQ

1 90

i aft

i on

1

00

1

00

1 Qfi

2.04

July.

1.94

1.89

1 OS

1.90

1.84

1.85

1.81

i ftn

1.82

1 7Q

1.74

1.74

1.75

1 79

1 7S

1.86

1 OA

1

O1

1

O1

I 84

1.80

1.76

1.71

1.70

1.71

1.70

1.70

1.74

Aug.

1.91

1.84

1.95

2.09

2.01

1.99

2.04

2.00

1.96

2.00

1 QA

1.88

1.85

1.86

1.86

1 90

1.85

1 84

1.85 1 SP;

1.85

1 84

1.82

1 80

1 7S

1 70

1 84

1.86

1 ftl

i °.n

1.80

Sept.

1.78

1.76

1.76

1.82

1.82

1.88

2.08

2.21

2.10

2.20

2.05

2.02

1.98

1 91

1.85

1 84

9 1(\

1 95

1 94

9 flfi

2 19

2.02

1 QSi

1 Q9

i on

2.06

2.24

2 OK

Oct.

2.24

2.30

2.41

2.84

2.55

2.58

2.55

2.39

2.32

2.35

2 on

2.39

2.36

2.49

2.48

2.49

2 en

2.36

2.36

2

0C

2.40

2

QQ

2.35

2.36

2.48

Nov.

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.52

2.42

2.40

2.40

2.38

2.40

2.40

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 1 to Mar. 18 and Nov. 11 to Dec. 31.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Minnesota River near Odessa, Minn., for 1911.

Day.

1............. ........... ..

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14........................

16.. ..,.....,.,.,... .......

Mar. Apr.

49

58

41

40

45

43

47

46

40

36

OJ.

*Q

94

77

62

May.

25

25

OK

91

22

24

on

99

16

14

19

June.

TO

14

43

35

on

97

19

16

15

14

17

15

14

12

July.

g

9

10

7

7

6

5

5

Aug.

6

5

6

7

7

7

6

7

6

6

6

Sept.

5

5

5

6

6

11

9

11

8

8

7

7

6

Oct.

17

19

44

28

30

28

22

20

20

22

20

22

21

22

Nov.

24

24

24

27

23

22

22

21

22

22
96 STJEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Minnesota River near Odessa, Minn., for 1911 Con.

Day.

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26....^......................

27............................

28...........................

29...........................

30

31...........................

Mar.

180

172

1fi9

157

IDA

(1C

76

159

183

S7

26

26

26

Apr.

54

48

35

34

34

34

34

34

26

26

25

95

25

30

95

May.

21

15

16

21

22

95

15

18

14

13

16

14

14

15

14

14

June.

12

19

11

10

10

10

10

10

8.4

8.4

9.2

11

14

is

July.

5

5

5

6

6

6

6

6

6

5

5

5

5

5

Aug.

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

Sept.

6

6

9

7

6

6

8

Q

7

7

6

8

11

15

16

Oct.

29

34

26

25

26

26

21

20

21

20

22

99

20

21

26

25

Nov.

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve which was applied indirectly from 

July 1 to Sept. 30 on account of obstruction in channel.

Monthly discharge of Minnesota River near Odessa, Minn., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,560 square miJes.]

Mouth.

Mar. 19-31..............................

May... .................................

July....................................

Nov. 1-10 ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

183 

94 

25 

43 

10 

9 

16 

44 

27

Minimum.

26 

24 

13 

8.4 

5 

5 

5 

17 

21

Mean.

110 

41.7 

19.1 

15.2 

6.3 

6.3 

7.9 

23.9 

23.1

Per 

square 

mile.

0.071 

.027 

.012 

.0097 

.0040 

.0040 

.0051 

.015 

.015

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.03 

.03 

.01 

.01 

.005 

.005 

.006 

.02 

.006

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

MINNESOTA RIVER NEAR MONTEVIDEO, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge 1 mile south of Montevideo, in sec. 19, T. 117 N., 

R 40 W., a short distance below the mouth of Chippewa River.

Records available. July 23, 1909, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 6,300 square miles.

Gage. Chain, attached to bridge. The datum of the gage was lowered 2 feet September 16, 1909, and 1 foot additional July 29, 1910, to avoid negative readings. 

All gage heights have been referred to the last datum.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge.

Winter flow. The river is frozen over from December to March, and measurements 

are made through the ice to determine the winter discharge.

Regulation. The nearest dam is at Granite Falls, but its influence does not extend 

to the Montevideo station. There is no dam above the station. The discharge 

of Chippewa River is so much less than that of the Minnesota that the control 

of the former by a dam at Montevideo has very little effect on the Minnesota 

gage heights.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI KIVEE BASINS. 97 

Discharge measurements cf Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

Jan. 10a

May 5

Aug. 56

Hydrographer.

.....do...................................................................

S.B.SouW......... ......................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2.48

2 90

1.57

3.00

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

28.6

1QA

42.8

o Measurement made under ice cover. 

6 Measurement made by wading.

«Measurement made under complete ice cover. Average thickness of ice, 0.70 foot. Average distance 

water surface to top of ice, 0.12 foot.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn., for 1911. 

[Miss Margaret Hendricks, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4.. .............

5...............

6...............

7.. .............

8...............

g

10............... 

11...............

19

13............... 

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

is

19

20...............

21............... 

22............... 

23............... 

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

9Q

on

31...............

Jan.

2.48

2.60

2.49

"2." 68"

" ~2."70~

2.78

2.68

2.80

2.70

Feb.

2.90

2.88

2.92

3.00

.......

3.15

"3." 38"

" "§." 22'

3.30

Mar.

3.35

3.38

3.32

3.31

3.29 

3.25

3.58

3.68 

3.88

3.96

3.32

3.22 

3.34

3.31

3.26

3.30 

3.34 

3.35 

3.36

3.41

3 40

3.58

3.52

3.36

3.31

3.29

Apr.

3.24

3.26

3.26

3.21

3.24

3.26

3.26

3.29

3.26

3.22 

3.26

3.31

3.41 

3.51

3.61

3.62

3.56 

3.54

3.59

3.64

3.66 

3.69 

3.24 

3.24

3.21

3.29

3.26

3.19

3.06

3.19

May.

3.24

3.16

3.14

3.09

2.99

3 04

2.60

2.69

2.89

2.94 

2.89

2.84

2.76 

2.71

2.76

2.72

2.74 

2.76

2.71

3.19

3.06 

2.95 

2.76 

2.71

2 79

2.61

2.88

2.86

2.79

2.85

2.79

June.

2.68

2.26

2.29

2.74

3.45

3 1Q

^ *S1

3.39

3 40

3.46 

3.00

3.61

3.20 

3.18

2.71

2.76

3.12

9 7Q

3.31

2.76

2.56 

2.74 

2.71 

2.61

2.58

2.59

2.79

2.79

2.19

2.41

July.

2.29

2.17

2.46

2.28

2.12

2.47

2.04

1.89

1 71

2.14 

2.08

2 19

1.94

I RQ

1.83

1.69

1.79 

1.72

1 AQ

1.67

1.65 

1.73 

1.63

1.87

1.92

1.66

1.47

1.41

1.36

1.38

1.43

Aug.

1.46 i 40

1.53

1.36

1.55

i iyi

1.65

1.72

1.71

1.72 

1.74

1.63

1.56 

1.56

1.55

1.69

1.74 

1.61

1.56

1.56

1.61 

1.55 

1.54 

1.65

1.52

1.59

1.46

1.81

1.76

1.68

1.61

Sept.

1.66

1.72

1.65

1.78

1.85

1.92

1.82

1.92

2.18

2.20 

2.29

9 94

2.06 

2.09

2.25

2.19

1.91 

1.86

1 Qfi

2.01

2.04 

1.99 

1.99 

1.90

1.82

1.91

2.01

2.01

2.06

2 21

Oct.

2.14

2.11

2.22

2.31

2.34

2 9Q

2 fin

2.71

2.64

2.49 

2.25

2.19

2.48 

2.69

2.36

2.58

2.74

2.84

9 tQ

2.55

2.68 

3.28 

3.59 

3.04

3.16

3.22

3.26

3.29

3.51

3.66

3.48

Nov.

2.76

2.59

3.05

3.36

3.39

3 44

3

QQ

3.30

3.16

3.24

3 1Q

2.88

3.32

"3.65"

3.22

Dec.

3.20

3.10

3.00

3.20

3.00

~3."28

"3." 25

3.38

3.30

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 1 to Mar. 7, average thickness of ice 1 foot, and Nov. 11 to Dec. 31, average thickness of ice 0.3 foot. On Dec. 11 gage observer noted: " River open on account of recent warm weather and 

swift current."

70057° WSP 305 13 7
98 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1.. .........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...................... ....

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18. ..........................

19

20...........................

91

99

23...........................

24...................... ....

25...........................

26...........................

97

28. ..........................

29

30

31....................... ..

Mar.

100

125

150

150

150

l^e

200

256

254

250

9J.4.

310 009

379

400

OEC

239

260 *)KA

9AR

oeo

OAA

9fi9

9TQ

9Qfl

Qlfi

263

254

ocn

Apr.

242

246

246

238

242

246

246

250

246

239

246

254

273

9Q4.

316

318

305

qnl

Q19

323

007

QQ4.

242

949

ooQ

OCA

246

9^4

215

oo A

May.

242

230

227

220

206

213

156

167

193

199

193

186

176

169

176

171

176

169

234

91 1;

200

176

IftQ

iftn

157

191

lea

180

188 ifin

June.

166

115

119

173

282

234

294

269

271

284

207

316

236

233

169

176

224

180

254

176

151

169

157

154

155 isn

isfl

107

133

July.

119

105

139

118

99

140

90

74

57

101

95

99

79

74

67

53

63

56

53

51

50

57

48

72

77

50

34

9Q

25

27

30

Aug.

33

35

39

25

40

43

50

56

55

56

58

48

41

41

40

53

58

46

41

41

46

40

40

50

38

44

33

65

60

52

46

Sept.

50

56

50

62

70

77

66

77

106

108

119

113

93

96

114

107

76

71

82

87

90

85

85

75

66

76

87

87

93

109

Oct.

101

98

110

121

125

119

156

169

161

143

114

107

142

167

127

154

173

186

155

150

166

249

312

213

230

239

246

250

294

327

288

Nov.

176

155

214

263

209

279

269

252

230

242

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from well-defined rating curve. Daily discharge, Mar. 1 to 7, estimated. Discharge, Nov. 11 to Dec. 31, estimated, because of ice, from one discharge measurement, gage 

observer's notes, and climatologic records. Mean discharge, Nov. 11 to 30, estimated 130 second-feet, varying 

from about 110 to 200 second-feet. Mean discharge, Dec. 1 to 31, estimated 160 second-feet, varying from 

about 112 to 236 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Minnesota River near Montevideo, Minn.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 6,300 square miles.]

Month.

April...................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

400 

334 

242 

316 

140 

65 

119 

327 

279

400

Minimum.

100 

215 

156 

107 

25 

25 

50 

98

Mean.

o40.0 

o50.0 

248 

265 

190 

198 

72.0 

45.6 

84.4 

180 

165 

- 160

142

Per

square 

mile.

0.0063 

.0079 

.039 

.042 

.030 

.031 

.011 

.0072 

.013 

.029 

.026 

.025

.023

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.007 

.008 

.04 

.05 

.03 

.03 

.01 

.008 

.01 

.03 

.03 

.03

.28

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

D.

o Estimated from one ice measurement, semiweekly gage heights, and comparison with climatologic 

data.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASINS. 99

MINNESOTA EIVER NEAR MANKATO, MINN.

Location. At Sibley Park, 2 miles above the center of Mankato; a few hundred 

yards below the mouth of Blue Earth River, the nearest tributary.

Records available. May 20, 1903, to December 31, 1911. Since 1906 the gage 

heights have been furnished by the United States Weather Bureau.

Drainage area. 14,600 square miles.

Gage. Chain, maintained by the United States Engineer Corps; datum unchanged 

since established.

Channel. Fairly permanent except during periods of high water.

Discharge measurements. Made from a boat and cable near the gage.

Winter flow. From December to March, measurements are made through the ice 

to determine the winter discharge.

Regulation. The nearest dam on the river is at Minnesota Falls, 140 miles upstream. There is no dam below the station. A dam on Blue Earth River at 

Rapidan a few miles above the mouth controls the flow of that river, but its 

flow is such a small part of the entire discharge at the Mankato station that the 

effect of such control is very slight.

Maximum and minimum flow. The highest known stage of the river occurred 

in 1881 and is shown by a well-marked line in Mankato. The stage was approximately 27 feet above the zero of the present gage. This value was corroborated 

by M. B. Haynes, city engineer of Mankato, who states that the high water 

occurred after the ice went out and was not caused by backwater. The corresponding discharge was approximately 65,000 second-feet. Since the establishment of the gage the highest stage recorded was 21.2 feet on June 26, 1908. 

The lowest stage recorded was 0.6 in 1911, when the flow was about 160 secondfeet for a considerable time.

Accuracy. Measurements made during the earlier years indicated changing conditions of flow, and accordingly the discharge for years previous to 1907 was 

obtained largely by the indirect method. These results can not be considered 

as accurate as the later ones, which were based on a well-defined rating curve 

and show permanent channel.

Discharge measurements of Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

Feb. 22

June 21

Aug. 2

2

Hydrographer.

S. B. So\&&....................................... ........................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.59

1.32

.69

.69

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

o200

6495

6183

c!88

» Measurement under ice cover.

6 Wading measurement at cable section.

e Wading measurement about 500 feet below cable.
100 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn., for 1911.

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

14. ..............

15...............

16...............

17. ..............

18...............

19. ..............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29. ..............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

0.9

g

.9

.9

g

.9

g

g

.9

.9

.9

g

.9

.9

g

.9

.9

.9

.9

1.0

1.0

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.4

Feb.

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.5

1 Q

1.3

1.3

1

0

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.6

1.7

1.8

2.0

2.1

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.7

2.3

1 0

1 0

1 Q

1.7

Mar.

1.7

1.8

1.9

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.7

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1 Q

1.9

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.9

Apr.

1 Q

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.8

1 9

1.9

1 Q

1.8

1.8

2.0

9 n

1 Q

1.8

1.8

1 9

1 Q

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

May.

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

"1.5 1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3

1 °.

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

June.

1.3

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.3

1 t

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1 9

1.1

1.0

1.0

July.

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

.8

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.7

.7

.8

Aug.

0.8

.8

.6

.6

.6

.6

.9

1.0

.9

.9

.9

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

.8

.8

.9

.8

.8

.8

.7

.7

.6

.6

.5

Sept.

0.5

.5

.6

.6

.7

.7

.8

.6

.6

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.8

.8

.8

.8

.7

.7

.8

.7

.8

.7

g

.8

.9

.9

Oct.

0 9

.8

.9

.9

2.0

2.5

2.9

4.4

3.6

3.3

3.8

3.4

2 7

2.4

3.8

4.4

4.6

5.0

5.3

4.9

4 7

4.4

4.2

4.0

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.2

3.3

3 A

Nov.

2.9

2.8

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2

K

2

0

2

0

2

0

2 A

2 A

2.4

2

0

2

0

2.3

9 °.

9 °.

2.3

2

1

9 ft

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

Dec.

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

1 9

1.8

1 9

1.9

2.4

2.9

3

ft

3 1

3.1

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.2

9 1

9 1

9 9

2.3

2.4

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 1 to Feb. 28 and Dec. 1 to 31. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn., for 1911.

Day.

1...........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14.. .........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Mar.

679

679

734

790

679

625

572

572

625

572

572

679

847

847

790

734

734

847

790

790

790

790

790

679

679

679

679

790

790

790

790

Apr.

790

734

734

679

734

679

734

790

790

7Qft

734

734

847

847

790

734

734

790

7on

734

790

790

734

734

734

734

734

679

625

625

May.

625

625

572

572

572

572

572

572

572

572

572

520

469

469

469

469

469

469

41 Q

41Q

419

41 Q

419

572

572

520

520

572

572

572

520

June.

469

625

572

572

572

572

572

520

469

469

625

572

572

572

520

520

520

520

520

520

520

469

469

419

419

419

370

322

322

July.

322

370

370

370

419

419

419

370

322

322

227

180

180

180

180

180

134

134

134

134

134

134

134

134

134

134

134

134

180

180

227

Aug.

227

227

134

134

134

134

274

322

274

274

274

274

322

322

322

322

370

370

322

322

227

227

274

227

227

227

180

180

134

134

8Q

Sept.

89

89

134

134

180

180

227

134

134

180

180

134

134

134

134

227

227

227

997

180

180

180

227

180

227

180

274

227

274

274

Oct.

274

227

274

274

274

847

1,150

1,400

2,640

1,910

1,680

2,080

1,760

1,270

1,080

2,080

2,640

2,840

3,280

3,650

3,170

2,950

2,640

2,440

2,260

2,000

1,910

1,830

1,610

1,680

1,470

Nov.

1,400

1,340

1,210

1,270

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,150

1,150

1,150

1,020

1,020

1,020

ol,020

ol,020

ol,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,020

905

847

847

847

790

790

<* Daily discharge estimated. 

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. 101

Monthly discharge of Minnesota River near Mankato, Minn.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 14,600 square miles.]

Month.

March...................................

Ifey.. ..................................

June. ...................................

July....................................

August.. . ...............................

October. ................................

November. .............................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

847 

847 

625 

625 

419 

370 

274 

3,650 

1,400

3,650

Minimum.

572 

625 

419 

322 

134 

89 

89 

227 

790

Mean.

a 175 

o!90 

723 

746 

524 

502 

227 

241 

184 

1,790 

1,070 

6740

596

Per 

square 

mile.

0.012 

.013 

.050 

.051 

.036 

.034 

.016 

.017 

.013 

.123 

.073 

.051

.041

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.01 

.01 

.06 

.06 

.04 

.04 

.02 

.02 

.01 

.14 

.08 

.06

.55

Accuracy.

C. 

C.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C.

» Estimated from two ice measurements, daily gage height, and climatologic records. 

6 Estimated from daily gage height and climatologic records.

WHETSTONE RIVER NEAR BIG STONE, S. DAK.

Location. At the State Line bridge, one-fourth mile southeast of Big Stone and 

nearly a mile above the mouth.

Hecords available. Gage heights and discharge measurements from September 18, 

1909, to November 15, 1911. Records of United States Engineer Corps September 15, 1899, to May 14, 1904.

Drainage area. 441 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff.

Channel. Somewhat shifting during flood stages.

Discharge measurements of Whetstone River near Big Stone, 8. Dak., in 1909-1912.

Date.

1909. 

July 25"

Aug. 16o

Sept. 18o

1910. 

Mar. 15

Apr. 15

296

1911. 

May 6

1912. 

Apr. 10

10

May 5

Hydrographer.

G. A. Gray...............................................................

G. A. Gray ...............................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do........ .............................................................

C. J. Emerson. ...........................................................

&.~S.QWA&............... ................................................

.....do...... ...............................................................

.....do.....................................................................

W. G. Hoyt..............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.8

3.8

.65

4.66

1.40

3.10

.7

1.48

1.48

3.24

1.20

Discharge.

Sec. feet. 

14.2

9.7

5.0

399

65.6

170

5.9

33.6

33.7

172

19.4

o Published as miscellaneous in Water-Supply Paper 265.

6 Made at iron bridge above Big Stone.

c Measurement made by wading about 100 feet above gage.
102 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Whetstone River near Big Stone, S. Dak., for 1911. 

[F. W. Thorndlke, observer.]

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11:. .........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Mar.

1.85

1.65

1.45

1.4

1.25

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

Apr.

0.9

.9

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

.9

.9

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.25

1.45

1.35

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

May.

0.8

.8

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.75

.8

.8

.8

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

June.

0.6

.6

.8

1.55

1.2

1.7

1.2

1.05

.85

.75

.7

.7

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.6

.55

July.

0.5

.5

.5

.5

.85

.75

.55

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.4

.35

.3

.4

.4

.35

.4

.4

.4

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

Aug.

0.3

.4

.4

.55

.55

.5

.6

.6

.6

.6

.5

.6

.6

.7

.6

.5

.5

.5

.4

.4

.4

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.3

.2

.2

.2

Sept.

0.2

.2

.2

.2

.4

.65

.7

.55

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.6

.6

.5

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.4

.5

.5

.5

.4

.4

1.1

.95

.75

Oct.

0.8

.7

.8

.8

.8

.95

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.85

.8

.75

.7

.7

.05

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

.6

Nov. '

0.6

.6

.6

.5

.5

.5

.5

.5

.4

.4

.4

j+

NOTK. Ice present from Jan. 1 to Mar. 18 and from Nov. 12 to Dec. 31. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Whetstone River near Big Stone, S. Dak., for 1910-11.

Day.

1910. 

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Mar.

2,070

248

206

174

158

152

141

131

116

102

88

80

68

61

58

61

55

Apr.

52

46

49

49

43

37

37

37

37

34

30

27

25

23

25

34

34

27

30

34

102

1,300

1,030

447

308

255

227

192

1G3

130

May.

121

106

76

64

61

55

55

49

49

49

43

37

37

32

27

27

27

27

27

23

23

23

23

19

19

19

18

16

16

16

13

June.

13

13

13

10

10

10

10

10

16

19

19

23

23

19

16

13

10

10

8.0

6.0

6.0

5.0

5.0

4.5

4.5

7.0

10

7.0

6.0

5.5

July.

5.0

4.5

4.5

4.5

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

Aug.

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

5.0

5.0

5.0

0.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

G.O

6.0

6.0

0.0

6.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

Sept.

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.8

7.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

Oct.

6.0

6.0

6.0

5.5

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.8

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.8

5.0

8.0

10

10

10

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

0.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

Nov.

6.0

6.0

6.0

8.0

8.0

8;Q

8.0

8.0

9.0

8.0

14

9.0

9.0

9.0

8,0

13

9.0

8.0

12

8.0

14

9.0

10

12

8.0

9.0

10

10

10

10
ITPPEE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. 103

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Whetstone River near Big Stone, S. Dak., for 1910-11-

Continued.

Day.

1911. 

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

3*.. .........................

31...........................

Mar.

52

40

3-0

27

21

18

16

16

14

13

13

13

10

Apr.

10

10

13

13

13

13

12

10

10

13

13

16

21

30

25

18

16

16

13

13

13

10

10

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

May.

8.0

8.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

8.0

8.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

June.

5.0

5.0

8.0

3410

43

1Q

14

9 A

7.0

6.0

6.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

5.0

4.8

July.

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

9 n

7.0

A a

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.0

4.0

3.8

3.5

4.0

4.0

3.8

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

Aug.

3.5

4.0

4.0

4.8

4.8

4.5

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.5

5.0

5.0

6.0

5.0

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

Sept.

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

4.0

5.5

6.0

4.8

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

5.0

5.0

4.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.5

4.5

4

C

4.0

4.0

16

12

7.0

Oct.

8.0

6.0

8.0

8.0

0 A

12

1*>

1°.

 iq

10

10

13

13

13

13

13

13

10

9 0

8.0

7.0

6.0

6.0

5.5

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

Nov.

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.0

4.0

4.0

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined between 5 and 467 second-feet (gage 

heights 0.6 and 5.0 feet). Outside of these limits the rating curve is an extension.

Monthly discharge of Whetstone River near Big Stone, S. Dak., for 1910-11. 

[Drainage area, 441 square miles.]

Month.

1910. 

March 16-31 .............................

April...................................

May....................................

November. .............................

1911. 

March 19-31.. ...........................

April...................................

May.. ............ ......................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

248 

1,300 

121 

23 

5.0 

6.0 

8.0 

10 

14

52 

30 

8.0 

43 

9.0 

6.0 

16 

13 

5.0

Minimum.

55 

23 

13 

4.5 

4.5 

4.5 

4.5 

4.5 

6.0

10 

8.0 

5.0 

4.0 

3.5 

3.0 

3.0 

5.0 

4.0

Mean.

119 

162 

38.6 

11.0 

4.73 

5.10 

5.18 

6.16 

9.20

21.8 

12.9 

6.23 

8.54 

4.32 

4.20 

4.99 

8.82 

4.50

Per

square 

mile.

0.270 

.367 

.088 

.025 

.011 

.012 

.012 

.014 

.021

.049 

.029 

.014 

.019 

.0098 

.0095 

.011 

.020 

.010

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.16 

.41 

.10 

.03 

.01 

.01 

.01 

.02 

.02

-,._..- .-,.», "- ' -

.02 

.03 

.02 

.02 

.01 

.01 

.01 

.02 

.004

Accuracy.

C. 

D. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C.

C. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C.
104 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

LAC QUI PABLE RIVER AT LAC QUI PARLE, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge at Lac qui Parle in sec. 26, T. 118 N., R. 42 W.,

in Lac qui Parle County, a short distance above the mouth of Threemile Creek. 

Records available. Gage heights and discharge measurements from April 27,1910,

to November 15, 1911. 

Drainage area. 677 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged since established. 

Channel. Probably permanent except during flood stages. 

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge. 

Winter flow. The river is frozen over and observations are discontinued from

December to March. 

Regulation. There are no dams on the stream which control its flow at the present

time.

The following discharge measurement was made by C. J. Emerson: 

May 6,1911: Gage height, 1.08 feet; discharge 15.1 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Lac qui Parle River at Lac qui Park, Minn., for 1911.

[Chas. A. Gould, observer.]

Day.

2...........................

3...........................

4. ..........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13........................... 

14...........................

15........................... 

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21........................... 

22..... .....................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28..;........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Mar.

1.20'

2.40

3.20

4.50

4.00 

3.85

3.45 

2.15

2

AK

i on

1 Af\

2.00

2.10 

1.85

1.80

1.70

1.65

1.20

1.60

1.30

1.30

1.40

Apr.

1.50

1.60

1.50

1.40

1.30

1.30

1:45

1.50

1.45

1.45

1 *A

1.70 i oft

1.90 

1.95

1 90

1.80

1.65

1.55 

1.45

1.40

1.30

1.30

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.20

May.

1.20

1.15

1.12

1.12

1.10

1.10

1.05

1.00

1.00

1.00

.95

on

.90 

95

.85 

.85

.88

.85

.88

.85

.90 

.92

.92

on

.88

OK

.82

.80

.75

 .72

June.

0.70

.70

.75

.80

.85

.80

.80

.80

.80

.72

.70

.60

.60

.58

.55 

.70

.62

.60

.55

.55

.50 

.50

.45

.42

.42

.45

.45

.40

.52

.65

July.

0.60

.65

.60

.52

.50

.50

.45

.42

.42

.42

.40

.40

.38 

.35

.32 

.30

.28

.22

.32

.32

.30 

.45

.50

4fi

.42

<in

.40

.38

.35

.35

.40

Aug.

0.38

.32

.30

.42

.40

.40

.42

.42

.48

.48

.48

.48

.45

.45

.42 

.40

<in

.40

.45

.50

.45 

.42

.40

.38

.38

.35

.40

.35

39

.32

.30

Sept.

0.30

.28

.25

.28

.25

.30

.60

.60

.61

.60

.60

.61

.70 

.70

.60 

.55

.52

.50

.50

.50

.50 

.50

.50

.55

.60

.55

.42

.50

.50

.50

Oct.

0.60

.60

.70

.62

.60

.82

1.02

1.00

1.05

1.10

1.20

1.22

1.38 

1.35

1.50 

1.60

1.70

1.60

1.52

1.52

1.58 

1.55

1.60

1.60

1.55

1.50

1.45

1.40

1.35

1.30

1.30

Nov.

1.40

1.30

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.05

1.10

1.10

1.20

1.20

1.15

........

........

NOTE. Ice present from Jan. 1 to Mar. 8 and Nov. 12 to Dec. 31.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI BIVEB BASINS. 105

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Lac qui Parle River at Lac qui Parle, Minn., for 1910-

1911.

Day.

1910. 

1............................

2............................

3............................

5...........................

6...........................

7............................

8............................

9............................

10............................

11............................

12............................

13...........................

14............................

15............................

16............................

17.. ....................... ...

IS.. ..........................

19

20...........................

21............................

22............................

23............................

24............................

25............................

26............................

27............................

28............................

29............................

OA

^1

Day.

1911. 

1...........................

2...........................

5...........-... .........

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

11

Mar.

20

107

220

500

OTK,

340

ORQ

S9

72

60

29

68

77

56

CO

47

44

44

20

41

24

24

9Q

Apr.

97(3

254

223

200

Apr.

35

41

35

29

29

24

24

32

35

32

32

35

47

60

60

64

60

53

44

38

32

29

9Q

24

24

22

t)A

22

22

20

May.

161

147

134

121

109

102

97

95

89

85

79

75

70

66

62

62

66

66

66

7c

68

64

62

Kfi

Z9

48

46

42

40

OK

34

May.

20

18

17

17

16

16

14

12

12

12

10

9

10

8

9

8

9

- 8

9

10

10

9

. 9

8

7

7

7

6

6

June.

32

30

28

28

28

29

30

30

36

48

70

147

161

134

105

85

66

52

42

36

34

no

25

23

21

21

21

21

25

28

June.

5

5

6

7

7

7

7

7

5

5

4

4

4

3

3

3

4

July.

28

23

21

19

17

43

21

19

17

17

15

19

19

19

17

17

15

11

10

9

7

7

6

7

6

6

6

July.

4

4

3

3

3

3

3

3-Q

2

2

2

2

2

2

2

3

3

2

2

Aug.

5

5

7

6

7

6

5

5

5

5

5

4

5

5

7

8

18

14

10

9

10

1 o

10

9

7

7

6

7

6

Aug.

3

2

2

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

Q

3

3

3

3

3

3

2

2

2

Sept.

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

4

5

4

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

' 7

8

Sept.

2

2

2

2

2

2

4

4

4

4

4

4

5

5

4

4

3

3

3

3

4

4

3

3

Oct.

8

8

9

9

8

7

7

7

7

7

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

6

9

7

7

7

8

9

9

9

9

9

9

Oct.

4

4

5

4

7

13

12

14

16

20

21

28

26

35

41

47

41

36

4ft

38

41

41

38

35

00

9Q

26

24

24

Nov.

9

9

9

12

12

16

12

10

9

7

10

12

9

10

9

Nov.

29

24

16

16

16

14

16

16

20

20

18

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined between discharges 12 and 

375 second-feet (gage heights 1.0 and 4.0 feet). In making the computations the rating table was used to 

whole second-feet only.
106 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Lac gui Parle River at Lac qui Parle, Minn.,for 1910-1911. 

[Drainage area, 838 square miles.]

Month.

1910. 

Mav.

July....................................

August.... ..............................

October. ................................

November 1-15. .........................

1911. 

March 9-31... ...........................

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

October. ................................

November 1-11... . ......................

Discharge in second-feet. 

Maximum.

161 

161 

43 

18 

8 

9 

16

500 

64 

20 

8 

4 

3 

5 

47 

29

Minimum.

34 

21 

6 

4 

4 

6 

7

20 

20 

6 

3 

1 

2 

2 

4 

14

Mean.

76.6 

48.8 

14.7 

7.5 

5.3 

7.6 

10.3

113 

35.2 

10.6 

4.6 

2.7 

2.8 

3.3 

25.2 

18.6

Per 

square 

mile.

0.091 

.058 

.018 

.0090 

.0063 

.0091 

.012

0.135 

.042 

.013 

.0055 

.0032 

.0033 

.0039 

.030 

.022

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.10 

.06 

.02 

.01 

.007 

.01 

.007

0.12 

.05 

.02 

.006 

.004 

.004 

.004 

.03 

.009

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

D.

C. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

C.

CHIPPEWA RIVER NEAR WATSON, MINN.

Location. At highway bridge 2£ miles northeast of Watson, on line between sees. 10

and 15, T. 118 N., R. 41 W., 10 miles above the mouth of the river and about 2

miles below the mouth of Dry Weather Creek. 

Records available. July 6, 1909, to November 10, 1911. 

Drainage area. 1,940 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged since established. 

Channel. Somewhat shifting.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge. 

Regulation. At Montevideo there is a water-power plant utilizing a head of 7 feet,

but backwater from the dam does not extend to the gaging station. The first

dam above the station is at Hagan, but the effect of the control is inappreciable

at Watson. 

Winter flow. From January 1 to March 18, 1911, observations were discontinued

because of ice. 

Accuracy. As the discharge measurements show some change in the channel, the

records can not be considered better than good.

Discharge measurement of Chippewa River near Watson, Minn., 1911.

Date.

May 6

June 23a

Hydrographer.

S.B.SOUW... ........ ....................................................

.....do...................................................................

Gage 

heiglt.

Feet. 

4.66

4.99

4.17

5.28

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

47.0

77.9

13.7

28

o Measurement made by wading.

& Measurement made under complete ice cover. Average thickness of ice, 0.64 foot. Average distance 

water surface to top of ice, 0.10 foot.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIV1E BASINS. 107

Daily gage height, infect, of Chippewa River near Watson, Minn.,for 1911. 

[Clifford Bonde, observer.]

Day.

1.. .................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6;..................

7...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

in

19...................

20

H...... .............

22.... ...............

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Mar.

5.11

5."2i

5.26

5.18

4.66

5.18

4.96

5.06

A QA

Apr.

4.78

4.71

4.84

4 R4

4.81

4.86

4.81

4.81

4.84

4.98

5.06

5.21

5.16

5.21

5.21

5.21

5.14

5.06

5.06

4.96

4.96

4.86

4.86

4.86

4.84

4.86

4.86

May.

4.88

4.81

4 76

4.74

4.66

4.72

4.68

4.65

4.52

4.58

4.50

4.50

4.58

4.58

4.78

4.82

5.05

4.95

4.90

4.S24

4.80

4.70

4.70

4.58

4.52

4.45

4.42

4. 38

June.

4.38

4.42

4.99

6.02

5.45

5.55

5.60

5.60

5.52

5.50

5.60

5.40

5.35

5.30

5.30

5.35

5.45

5.40

5.50

5.45

5.35

5.15

5.02

5.00

4.88

4.88

4.80

4.75

4.98

4.80

July.

4.70

4.68

4.68

4.60

4.58

4.50

4.48

4.42*

4.48

4.50

4.42

4.40

4.32

4.28

4.22

4.20

4.15

4.20

4.20

4.18

4.15

4.12

4.10

4.08

4.05

4.02

4.00

3.98

3.95

4.05

Aug.

4.10

4.02

3.98

4.17

4.25

4.24

4.30

4.32

4.32

4.32

4.32

4.35

4.32

4.30

4.25

4.25

4.25

4.25

4.20

4.25

4.25

4.25

4.25

4.20

4.45

4.32

4.35

4.32

Sept.

4.30

4.40

4.30

4.35

4.40

4.40

4.50

4.50

4.45

4.50

4.50

4.55

4.58

4.58

4.55

4.58

4.52

4.55

4.52

4.52

4.55

4.52

4.52

4.52

4.40

4.48

4.48

4.55

4.52

Oct.

4.60

4.68

4.72

4.78

4.90

4.90

4.92

4.80

4.90

4.88

4.95

4.95

4.95

5.08

5.12

5.10

5.18

5.20

5.22

5.30

5.30

5.35

5.40

5.42

5.45

5.50

5.50

Nov.

5.68

5.55

5.60

5.50

5.42

5.40

5.35

5.35

5.20

5.10

5.45

5.30

5.22

5.30

5.30

Dec.

5.25

5.25

5.28

5.32

5.30

5.22

5.20

5.35

5.35

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Nov. 11 to Dec. 31.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Chippewa River near Watson, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13.:.........................

14...........................

15...........................

16... .......................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Mar.

91

94

97

102

108

104

99

73

48

99

75

86

75

Apr.

58

55

52

64

64

. 61

65

61

61

64

77

82

86

102

97

102

102

102

94

86

86

75

75

75

65

65

65

64

65

65

May.

' 67

61

56

56

55

48

50

53

49

47

37

41

35

35

35

41

41

58

62

84

74

69

62

60

51

51

41

37

32

29

97

June.

27

29

78

228

133

148

155

.155

143

140

155

126

120

113

113

120

133

126

140

133

120

96

81

79

67

67

60

56

77

60

July.

51

49

49

43

41

35

34

29

34

35

32

29

28

22

20

16

15

12

15

15

14

12

11

10

9.4

8.5

7.6

7

6.6

6

8.5

Aug.

10

7.6

6.6

14

18

17

21

22

22

22

22

24

22

21

20

Ig

18

18

18

16

15

18

18

18

18

15

24

32

22

24

00

Sept.

21

28

21

24

28

28

35

35

32

35

35

39

41

41

39

41

37

89

37

37

38

39

37

37

37

28

34

34

39

37

Oct.

43

4»

53

55

58

69

69

70

71

60

69

67

74

74

74

88

92

90

99

101

103

103

113

113

120

126

129

133

140

140

140

Nov.

150

168

148

155

140

129

126

120

120

101

NOTE. Dafly discharge computed from fairly well defined rating curve. Discharge estimated for days 

of missing gage heights. Discharge Nov. 11 to Dec. 31 estimated because of ice, from one discharge measurement, gage observer's notes, and climatologic records. Mean discharge Nov. 11 to 30 estimated 42 

second-feet, varying from about 25 to 80 second-feet. Mean discharge Dec. 1 to 31 estimated 28 second-feet, 

varying from about 15 to 33 second-feet.
108 SUBFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Monthly discharge of Chippewa River near Wateon, Minn., in 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,940 square mfles.S

Month.

Mar. 19-31...............................

April....................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

* 108 

102 

84 

228 

51 

32 

41 

140 

168

Minimum.

48 

52 

27 

27 

6 

6.6 

21 

43

Mean.

88.5 

74.5 

49.8 

109 

22.7 

18.8 

34.4 

90.0 

73.2 

28.0

Per 

square 

mile.

0.046 

.038 

.026 

.056 

.012 

.0097 

.018 

.046 

.038 

.014

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.02 

.04 

.03 

.06 

.01 

.01 

.02 

.05 

.04 

.02

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

D.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of dailj discharge.

KEDWOOD EIVEE NEAK BEDWOOD FALLS, MINN.

Location. At the first highway bridge above Redwood Falls, 3 miles distant.

Records available. July 2, 1909, to November 15, 1911.

Drainage area. 703 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged since established.

Channel. Practically permanent, the flow being controlled by slight rapids just

below the bridge. 

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge except at low stages when they

are made by wading at different sections. 

Winter flow. Ice exists from December to March, discharge measurements are made

to determine the winter flow. 

Regulation. The nearest dam, that at Redwood Falls, creates a pond extending

upstream for a considerable distance, but -owing to rapids just below the gaging

station the backwater does not reach it.

Discharge measurements of Redwood River near Redwood Falls, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

May 4

Dec. 6

Hydrographer. Gage

Feet. 

1.88

1.68

1.94

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

olS.O

65.2

c!2.0

o Discharge estimated. 

6 Measurement made by wading. 

c Measurement made under complete ice cover. 

water surface to top of ice 0.09 foot.

Average thickness of ice 0.07 foot. Average distance,
TJPPEB MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASINS. 109

Daily gage height, in feet, of Redwood River near Redwood Falls, Minn.,for 1911.

[Floyd Reynolds, observer.]

Day.

1.... ...............

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

g

10...................

11...................

19

11

14. ..................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

1920........:..........

21...................

22...................

23...................

24.... ...............

25...................

26...................

27. ..................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Mar.

2 65

2

RO

2 fin

2 en

2.45

2.35

2.20

2 ns

2.13

9 in

2.10

2.05

2.00

2.00

2

AO

2.05

Apr.

2 (VS

2 n?

1.95

2 IW

2.05

2.03

2

AA

2 ftS

2 03

2 fY*

2

rtE

2 1C

2.20

2 1 P;

2 in

2 in

2.10

2.05

2.05

2.03

2.00

1 97

1.95

1.95

1 95

1.93

1.93

1.90

1.90

1 95

May.

1.93

1.90

1.86

1.88

1.88

1.90

1.90 i on

1.90

1.90

1.88

1.88

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.88

1.85

1.85

1.82

1.80

1.88

1.90

1.90

1.88

1.88

1.85

1.85

1.82

1.82

1.82

1.82

June.

1.82

1.80

1.75

1.70

1.65

1.65

1.68

1.70

1.72

1.72

1.72

1.70

1.68

1.65

1.65

1 64

1.65

1.62

1.60

1.62

1.65

July.

1.60

1.58

1.58

1.58

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.55

1.52

1.52

1.52

1.52

1.64

1.62

1.60

1.58

1.81

1.65

1.58

1.56

1.65

Aug.

1.55

1.55

1.60

1.60

1.78

1.75

1.72

1.70

1.65

1.60

1.75

1.70

1.65

1 60

1.60

1.58

1.70

1.72

1.75

1.80

1.78

1.78

1.80

1.80

1.75

1.78

1.75

1.75

1.72

1.70

1.68

Sept.

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.72

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.75

1.80

1.78

1.75

1.72

1.70

1.75

1.78

Oct.

1.90

1.88

1.88

1.88

1.88

2.62

2.22

2.00

2.10

2.05

2.20

2.40

2.28

2.20

2.22

2.20

2.25

2.20

2.30

2.22

2.30

2,28

2.22

2.22

2.20

2.15

2.10

2.10

2.12

2.10

2.10

Nov. Dec.

1.94

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 1 to Mar. 11 and about Nov. 12 to De c. 31. 

31. See list of discharge measurements.

Gage not read by observer after Oct.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Redwood River near Redwood Falls, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1..... ...............................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Mar.

158

153

144

144

104

80

50

28

30

32

34

36

39

34

34

28

23

23

26

28

Apr.

28

31

19

23

28

26

23

28

26

26

' 28

42

50

42

34

34

34

28

28

26

23

21

19

19

19

17

17

15

15

19

May.

17

15

13

14

14

15

15

15

15

15

14

14

12

12

19

14

12

12

10

9

14

15

15

14

14

12

12

10

10

10

10

June.

10

9

7

5

3.5

3.5

4.4

5

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5

0

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5.8

5

4.4

3.5

3.5

3.2

3.5

2.6

2

2.6

3.5

July.

2

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

.4

.4

.4

.4

3.2

2.6

2

Xi6

9 6

3.5

1.6

1 9

3.5

Aug.

1

1

2

2

8.2

7

5.8

5

3.5

2

7

5

3

E

2

1.6

5

5

0

7

8

O

8

O

9

9

7

8.2

7

7

5

0

5

4.4

Sept.

5

5

5

5.8

6

7

7

8

9

10

11

12

11

10

10

g

g

g

g

7

g

8.2

7

5.8

5

7

8.2

8

8

Oct.

15

14

14

14

14

i fyi

54

23

34

28

Cf|

Q9

65

CA

54

Cft

60

Eft

AQ

54

69

65

KA

54

50

42

Ql

34

07

9A

34

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge estimated for days of 

missing gage heights. Discharge estimated Nov. 1 to 11 because gage was not read. Discharge estimated 

Nov. 12 to Dec. 31 because of ice. Estimates for November (mean 17 second-feet) and December (mean 15 

second-feet) are approximate and are based on one discharge measurement, climatologic records, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas.
110 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Monthly discharge of Redwood River near Redwood Falls, Minn., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 703 square miles.]

Month.

March 13-31.. . ..........................

April. ...................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

158 

50 

17 

10 

9.6 

9 

12 

150

Minimum.

23 

15 

9 

2

.4 

1 

5 

14

Mean.

61.4 

26.3 

13.1 

5.03 

1.67 

5.30 

7.97 

47.1 

»17 

o!5

Per 

square 

mile.

0.087 

.037 

.019 

.0072 

.0024 

.0075 

.011 

.067 

.024 

.021

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.06 

.04 

.02 

.008 

.003 

.009 

.01 

.08 

.03 

.02

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B.

« Estimated; very approximate. 

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

COTTONWOOD RIVER NEAR NEW ULM, MINN.

Location. At Alwin highway bridge, 2 miles southeast of New Ulm, in sec. 31, 

T. 110 N., R. 30 W., 15 miles below the mouth of Sleepy Eye Creek, the nearest 

tributary.

Records available. July 2, 1909, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 1,190 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage attached to bridge. On August 12, 1909, the datum of the gage 

was lowered 2.28 feet. All readings prior to that date have been corrected, so 

that all gage heights apply to the new datum.

Channel. Slightly shifting, as shown by low-water measurements.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge, except during extreme low 

water, when they are made at a wading section.

Winter flow. Ice exists from December to March. No record of flow January 1 

to March 11. Discharge measurement made and observations continued in 

December.

Regulation. Two miles below the station is the dam of the Cottonwood roller 

mill, which prevents any possible effect of backwater from the Minnesota reaching the gage. The low-water records show no systematic variation to indicate 

control from the dam, and it is therefore believed that the effect of such control 

is slight.

Discharge measurements of Cottonwood River near New Ulm, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

May 2

Aug. 3 a

3o

Dec. 5»

Hydrographer.

C. J. Emerson. ...........................................................

s. B. soui<§. .............:................................................

C. J. Emerson. ...........................................................

height.

Feet. 

1.58

1.06

1.06

2.27

Discharge.

Sec.-feet.

42.7

6.1

6.3

41

o Wading measurement 20 feet above bridge.

6 Complete in cover; average thickness of ice 0.66 foot; average distance water surface to top of ice 0.06 

foot.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI BIVEE BASINS. Ill

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cottonwood River near New Ulm, Minn.,far 1911. 

[Esther Alvin, observer.]

Day.

1... ................

2...................

3...................

5... ................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20. ..................

21...................

22. ..................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26... f...............

27...................

28...................

29...................

30. ..................

31...................

Mar.

3.28

3

AQ

2.86

2.72

2.46

2.29

2.14

2.01

1 04

1.90

1.90

1.88

1.86

1.85

1.82

1.79

1.76

1.75

1.75

1.71

Apr.

1.70

1.74

1.78

1.75

1.78

1.80

1.76

1.75

1.75

1.80

1.82

1.82

1.85

1.88

1.89

i on

1.90

1.83

1.85

1.80

1.76

1.68

1.69

1.70

1.68

1.68

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.62

May.

1.62

1.62

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.55

1.50

1.45

1 4>>

1.44

1.41

1.40

1.35

1 Aft

1.40

1.45

1.40

1.35

1.32

1.32

1.36

1.40

1.38

1.35

1.32

1.30

 1.28

1.25

1.22

1.20

1.19

June.

-1.16

1.44

1.30

1.28

1.24

1.18

1.18

1.15

1.12

1.12

1.11

1.10

1.08

1.08

1.06

1.05

1.06

1.08

1.06

1.04

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.04

.99

.98

1.05

1.05

July.

1 04

1.03

1.03

1.06

1.06

1.03

1.01

1.00

1.00

1.00

.99

.98

Qfi

Qfi

QA

.95

.95

.98

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.15

Aug.

1.13

1.09

1.04

1.05

1.09

1.16

1.28

1.45

1.43

1.41

1.40

1.38

1.38

1.45

1.42

1.41

1.44

1.46

1.50

1.50

1.48

1.44

1.41

1.40

1.38

1.36

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.31

1.26

Sept.

1.21

1.20

1.18

1.16

1.19

1.22

1.26

1.28

1.28

1.28

1.26

1.25

1.25

1.22

1.22

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.25

1.26

1.28

1.32

1.35

1 40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.40

1.42

1.42

Oct.

1.42

1.42

1.45

1 48

1.54

1.82

2.09

3.38

4.02

3.69

3.28

3.20

3.20

3.18

3.22

3.51

3.69

3.71

3.65

3.58

3.50

3.30

3.02

2.81

2.69

2.46

2.38

2.36

2.35

2.31

2.30

Nov.

2.25

2.20

2.18

. 2.16

2.11

2.09

2.04

2.01

2.00

1.98

1.92

Dec.

2.27

1.25

1.95

2.1

2.42

2.45

2.4

2.35

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 1 to Mar. 11 and Nov. 11 to Dec. 31. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cottonwood River near New Ulm, Minn., for 1911.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6... ........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31............................

Mar.

377

313

VAZ

209

119

122

101

83

7K

70

70

68

66

64

61

58

55

54

KA

50

Apr.

49

53

57

54

57

59

55

54

54

59

61

61

64

68

AQ

70

70

68

64

59

55

47

48

49

47

47

44

44

44

42

May.

42

42

40

40

40

36

32

28

28

28

26

^ 25

22

Oc

25

28

71

22

20

20

23

25

24

22

20

1Q

18

16

14

17

12

June.

11

28

10

18

15

-10

12

10

9

9

8

7.2

7 9

6.4

6.0

7 9

7.2

6.4

5.6

4

4

4

5

0

3 7

3.4

6

6

July.

5.6

5.2

5.2

6.4

6.4

5

«

4.4

4

4

4

3.7

3 A

2

0

2

0

2.8

2.5

2.5

3.4

4

4

4

4

4

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

10

Aug.

9.5

7.6

5.6

6

7.6

11

18

28

27

26

91

24

24

28

26

26

28

29

32

79

31

28

26

25

24

23

22

22

,22

20

17

Sept.

14

13

12

11

12

14

17

18

18

18

17

16

16

14

14

13

13

13

16

17

18

20

22

25

25

25

25

25

26

26

Oct.

26

26

28

31

35

61

94

414

679

537

377

349

849

342

356

464

537

545

520

492

460

384

291

232

202

119

138

134

132

126

124

Nov.

116

109

106

105

96

94

87

83

82

80

72

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge estimated for days of 

missing gage heights. Discharge Nov. 12 to Dec. 31 estimated, because of ice, from one discharge measurement, gage observer's notes, and Climatologic records. Mean discharge Nov. 12 to 30 estimated 42 secondfeet, varying from about 35 to 60 second-feet. Mean discharge Dec. 1 to 31 estimated 55 second-feet, varying from about 35 to 80 second-feet.
112 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Monthly discharge of Cottonwood River near New Ulm, Minn.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,190 square miles.]

Month.

March 12-31.. ...........................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

377 

70 

42 

28 

10 

32 

26 

679 

116

Minimum.

60 

42 

12 

3.4

2.5 

5.6 

11 

26

Mean.

117 

55.7 

26.0 

8.58 

4.94 

21.9 

17.8 

279 

60.9 

55.0

Per 

square 

mile.

0.098 

.047 

.022 

.0072 

.0042 

.018 

.015 

.234 

.051 

.046

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.07 

.05 

.03 

.008 

.005 

.02 

.02 

.27 

.06 

.05

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

D.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

ST. CROIX RIVER BASIN. 

ST. CEOIX EIVEE NEAR ST. CROIX FALLS, WIS.

Location. At the power plant of the Minneapolis General Electric Co., on the 

Wisconsin side of St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wis., about 50 miles 

above the confluence of St. Croix and Mississippi rivers near Hastings, Minn. 

Apple River, draining an area wholly in Wisconsin, enters from the left 

about 2 miles below the station. Snake River enters from the right, about 35 

miles above the station.

Records available. 1903 (published in Water-Supply Paper 98, pp. 176-177, 

under "St. Croix River near Taylors Falls, Minn."); January 10, 1902, to June 

30, 1905 (published in the "Report of water-resources investigations of Minnesota during 1909-1910" by the Minnesota State Drainage Commission); January 

1, 1910, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 5,930 square miles.

Discharge. The determinations of discharge are based on the kilowatt output 

of dynamo and exciters plus the flow over the dam and spillway, using them as 

a weir.

Cooperation. Record kept and furnished for publication by the Minneapolis 

General Electric Co.

Accuracy. Records have not been checked by engineers of the United States 

Geological Survey, but it is believed that they are reliable.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVEB BASINS. 113 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wu., for 1910-11.

Day.

1910. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16... ...........

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

1911. 

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3,218

3,470

3,204

3,164

2,495

2,710

2

QAR

3,220

3,495

2,905

2,856

9 707

3,065

2,880

2,940

3,725

3,020

2,960

2,561

2,921

2,770

2,850

3 791

3,080

3,030

2,821

3,095

2,605

3,050

3

Qcn

2,945

653

935

1,693

1,413

1

000

807

1 '719 484

1,336

1,301

1,293

1,116

1,130

1,053

117

1 9ftA

1,109

1,112

1,077

1,102

1,104

725

1 9Q7

1,231

1,641

1,400

1,240

1,393

621

1.361

1,437

Feb.

3,035

2,925

2,790

3,565

3,351

3,725

2,825

2,795

3,511

2,801

2 SA1

2 Qfifl

3,725

2,850

2,650

2,810

2,620

2,900

3,212

3,525

2,458

2

KAK

2,876

2,715

2,510

3,520

4,150 4 rui

1 ISA

1 490

1,372

1,616

1,068

1 f\f\d

1,576

1 101

1,493

1 457

1 171

938

1,597

1,506

1,357

1 343

l'268

1,593

808

1,440

1,583

1,495

1,589

1,535

1,512

793

1,508

1,504

Mar.

3,820

4 f!31

3,825

4,255

3,030

2,952

2,875

2,940

2,965

3,015

3,210

4

CCO

5,125

5,800

6,845

7 240

8^018

9 S03

8,959

8,525

9,871

8,010

8,203

8,238

8,234

7 911

7,675

6,695

6,021 

6,274

6,528

I

KrtO

1,543

1,563

1,574

01 Q

1,458

1

COO

1,557

1,476

1 Cft7

1 7Qft

2,427

2 640

2

1OQ

2

QQJ

2,761

2,753

2 634

2,508

3,287

3,326

3,130

3,154

3,402

3,266

2,812

2,688

2,753

Apr.

5,588

1 41fi

5,170

5,588

5,158

5,118

4 744

4^779

2,158

2,650

4,103

3

AQO

3,127

3,162

3,043

3,163

3,725

9 040

4,278

3,113

3,079

4,625

3,923

3,675

4,958

1 110

4 307

l|957

3,282

2

QQO

2

Q1 A

3,161

2 711

1^851

2,065

2 4.7°.

9 K11

2,494

9 1Q3

2

1OA

2,126

2 840

A 313

4 369

4,346

4,373

3

QQ7

3

C7A

3,830

4,696

5,088

4

7QA

4,818

4

f\Af\

3,285

4,831

4 480

3,163

2,530

May.

2,652

2,413

3,878

3,478

2,660

2,893

2,656

2,335

2,045

5,457

1

Q7Q

1 407

4^658

5,202

i oin

1,835

1,510

1,185

3,325

2,057 7on

2,330

2,628

3

fWQ

3

KKQ

4,633

4,455

2,950 

2,315

1,493

2

KQf\

2 oat)

2

90/1

2 1S1

2 1Sfl

2 440

*Gft9

2

AQQ

2 91ft

2 164

2 1 OS

2

1/tst

2,234

4

ORQ

4,616

3,330

4,251

5

QQK

7 94Q

6,863

7 041

7 496

5

C79

S

jon

5,251

4,854

5 74O

5,376

4,459

4,801

June.

3 174.

2,165

2,044

1,923

2,610

2,584

i Qflo.

1,928

2,354

2,439

1 Q9/t

1 760

l'o9Q

I QQfi

1,899

1,937

2 997

1,398

KKft

1,822

1,853

1

707

1,622

1,672

1 113

Ml

1 734

2, 208

1,454 

1,569

4,456

3,020

2

097

3 qft9

5,241

4,771

5,207

5,026

5,870

3 Q79

3,014

3,794

3,143

2 Qftn

2

7/\9

1 S77

2

QO1

2

Q91

2 7 OR

2

OO7

2 124

2,184

1,053

1,607

2,827

1

QCQ

2,122

2,132

July.

1 684

l'l!2

610

1,122

1,635

1,425

1,555

1,685

1,227

500

I

OfM

1,363

1 799

1*790

1,668

1,268

71

1,838

1 799

l'?74

1,815

1 799.

1

907

040

1 408

1.482

1,493

1,488

1,494

1 4.QK

358

2,160

1,111

1 ^7Q

1 1Sft

1,970

1 845

1,620

1 104

2,170

2 109

2 117

2,102

QOQ

2,097

1 794.

1 fiAQ

1,582

1 t\&9

936

1,555

1,735

1,838

2,129

2,017

1,858

989

1,739

Aug.

1 411

1,400

1,398

1,496

1,258

452

1 IfA

1,700

1,501

1,466

1

QQQ

1,290

103

1,398

1 564

I

OKQ

1,412

1 404

1^320

452

1,475

1,637

1,633

1,597

1,567

1 564

521

1,531 

1,538

1,687

2 030

1^870

2 ft19

2,032

1,824

1,011

1

QQ7

2

1QO

2 TIC

2 084

2

f\AR

2 046

M58

1

Q.KQ

2

AQK

1 QQ9

2,148

2 inn

2 fV79

1,000

1,917

1,841

1 575

1 646

1^558

1,558

841

1,526

1,599

1,763

1,532

Sept.

1.701

1,701

1.821

606

1,172

1,699

1,674

1,773

1,644

1,591

680

1,736

1 733

1,411

1,234

1,383

1 110

666

1,317

1,446

1,456

1

J.EO

1,221

1,098

710

1 407

1 fi3Q

1,659

1,666 

1,614

1 505

1^466

1,012

1,552

1 79£

1,576

1

C77

1,699

1,706

1 ft99

1

170*5

1 640

1,798

1,766

2 712

3,065

3,214

2 7ftfl

4,422

2,678

2,264

2,311

2 OKI

1,605

3,190

3,065

2,330

2,375

2,245

2,277

Oct.

1,396

728

1,569

1,579

1,585

1,583

1,611

1,951

602

1,638

1,766

1,777

1,770

1,738

1,732

629

1,643

1,513

1,700

1,725

1,750

1,780

635

1,663

1,776

1,826

1,662

1,699

1,743 

634

1,578

1,597

2,582

2,448

2,450

2 480

2

Q71

3,250

4,106

4,255

4 014.

3

8QK

3,368

3,143

3,351

4,350

4,593

5,010

<; 184

4,901

5,193

4,952

4.972

5,153

4,654

5,386

4,879

4,571

3,113

1,006

3,089

2,995

Nov.

1,385

1,390

1,405

1,458

1,668

725

1,694

1,543

1,549

1,502

1,557

1,508

671

1,291

1,449

1,500

1,214

997

1,348

728

1,607

1,526

1,727

691

1,362

1,600

674

1,474

1,513 

1,518

2,669

2,474

2,464

2,431

1,213

2,216

2,486

2,462

2,536

2,463

2,554

1,338

2,426

1 Qftfi

1,894

1,710

1,994

1,883

1,101

1,730

1,948

2,114

2,075

2,082

2,102

1,099

2,080

1,985

2,113

1,298

Dec.

1,953

1,440

1,048

648

1,190

1,238

1,403

1,726

1,741

1,743

629

1,417

1,343

1,139

1,311

1,473

1,535

638

1,270

1,408

1,266

1,245

1,219

1,518

842

850

1,106

1.296

1,261 

1,306

1,714

2,000

2,213

1,104

2,256

2,173

2,165

2,208

2,247

2,198

1,149

2,073

2,122

2,200

2 228

2,193

2,224

1,063

2,165

2,204

2,227

2,245

2,302

2,162

1,043

884

1,987

2,238

2,366

2,432

2,380

1,139

70057° WSP 305 13 8
114 STJKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAST V.

Monthly discharge of St. Croix River near St. Croix Falls, Wis., for 1910-11. 

[Drainage area, 5,930 square miles.]

Month.

1910.

March.........................................

April. . ........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

November. ....................................

The year. . ..............................

1911. 

January. ......................................

March. . .......................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

October. ......................................

The year. ...............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,950 

4,150 

9,871 

5,588 

5,457 

3,174 

1,838 

1,700 

1,821 

1,951 

1,727 

1,953

9,871

1,693 

1,597 

3,402 

5,088 

7,249 

5,870 

3,468 

2,148 

4,422 

5,386 

2,669 

2,432

7,249

Minimum .

2,495 

2,458 

2,875 

1,957 

790 

550 

75 

393 

606 

602 

671 

629

75

557 

793 

819 

1,851 

962 

1,053 

928 

841 

1,012 

1,006 

1,099 

884

557

Mean.

3,050 

3,080 

5,970 

3,930 

2,760 

1,870 

1,360 

1,340 

1,420 

1,520 

1,340 

1,290

2,410

1,160 

1.420 

2, 300 

3,430 

4,020 

3,170 

1,770 

. 1,770 

2,150 

3,830 

2,030 

1,990

2,420

Per 

square 

mile.

0.514 

.519 

1.01 

.663 

.465 

.315 

.229 

.226 

.239 

.256 

.226 

.218

.406

.196 

.239 

.388 

.578 

.678 

.535 

.298 

.298 

.363 

.646 

.342 

.336

.408

Rnn-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.59 

.54 

1.16 

.74 

.54 

.35 

.26 

.26 

.27 

.30 

.25 

.25

5.51

.23 

.25 

.45 

.64 

.78 

.60 

.34 

.34 

.40 

.74 

.33 

.39

5.54

KETTLE EIVEE NEAR SANDSTONE, MINN.

Location. At the quarries of the Barber Asphalt Co. at Banning, 3 miles above 

Sandstone; no tributaries within several miles.

Records available. October 18, 1908, to December 31,1911.

Drainage area. 825 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged since established.

Channel. Permanent; bedrock.

Regulation. The nearest dam is at Sandstone, 3 miles below, but as the fall between 

the two points is heavy, the station is above its influence.

Winter flow. The gage is 50 feet above decided rapids, which remain open through 

the winter except for very short periods of extremely cold weather, when they may 

freeze and cause backwater. The river very seldom freezes entirely over at the 

gage, so it is probable that except for the few days when the rapids freeze the open 

channel rating curve applies closely to the winter flow. This curve has therefore 

been used in computing winter discharge. During January, 1911, the river at the 

gage remained open. Ice formed on the rapids during the night, but was dislodged 

by afternoon. Therefore, any gage readings taken in the morning would have been 

somewhat in error owing to backwater. Gage heights for January, published in 

the following table, are reported by the observer as having been read at 1 p. m. 

Effect of backwater has been considered in making the estimate of discharge for 

January, given in the following table of monthly discharge.
TJPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASINS. 115

Accuracy. As the stream flows through solid rock at the measuring'section, this 

rating curve, which has been furnished by the Kettle River Co., should hold permanently; it has been checked by the Geological Survey. Conditions are exceptionally favorable for excellent results at this station, and the records should be 

reliable.

Discharge measurements of Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

Feb. 27

28

28

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

.....do.....................................................................

height.

Feet. 

1.16

1.86

1.21

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

63.6

71.3

65.6

NOTE. Measurements made under ice cover about one-eighth mile below gage.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn., for 1911. 

[Fred Elstad and D. R. Smith, observers.]

Day.

I... ............

2...............

3.. .............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18. ..............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

1.4

1.4

1

0

1

O

1.2

1.2

1 9

1.2

1 9

1.25

1.25

1.3

1.25

1.25

1 9

1.25

1.25

i i

1.35

i i

1 4

1.25

1 9

1.2

1.15

1.15 ill

1.1

1.1

1.1 

1.15

Feb.

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.15 i i<5

1.15

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.1

1.1

1.1

.......

Mar.

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.15

1.15

1.2

1.3

1 45

1.45

1.5

1.65

1.75

1 Q

1.8

1.75

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.55

1.6

1.7

1.7

1 Q

1.8

1.8

1

7K

1.7

1.65

1.65 

1.6

Apr.

1 60

1.65

1.70

1.70

1.65

1.65

1.60

1.70

1.60

1.75

1.95

2.70

3.00

3.20

3.10

9 on

2.80

2 7ft

3.00

3.70

3.50

3.30

9 on

2.80

2.75

2.60

2.65

2.50

2.55

2.40

May.

2.45

9 AT\

o on

9 9ft

9 1ft

2.05

i on

1.90

1 90

1 90

1 on

1 on

1.85

2.50

2.90

3.60

4 nn

4.20

4.60

480

4.50

4.10

3.90

3.60

3.40

3.10

2.85

2.70

2.65

2.50

2.45

June.

9 Af\

9 3fi

2 on

9 7n

3 nn

3.10

3.05

2.90

3.25

3.30

3.25

3.00

3.05

2.90

2.70

2.50

2.40

9 4ft

2.30

2.10

1.95

1.85

1.80

1.65

1.60

1.60

1.90

1.90

1.85

1.80

July.

1.65

1.5

1.5

1 Q

3.1

1 Q<5

3.8

3.4

3.2

2.9

2.6

2.3

2.1

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1-5

1.7

1.75

1.65

1.6

1.5

1.6 

1.8

Aug.

2 1

2.3

2.4

2

<«?

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.25

2.2

9 1

9 n

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.6

1 UK

1.5

1.45

1.4

1.45

1.5

1.55

1.5 

1.5

Sept.

1.4

1.4

1.6

1 Q

2.0

9 1

2.4

2.45

2.5

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.7

1.75

1.75

1.75

Oct.

1.70

1.70

1.75

1.80

1.75

i Qn

2.20

2.35

2.30

2.20

2.15

2.10

2.05

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.50

2.50

2.60

2.50

2.50

2.40

2.40

2.30

2.25

2.20

2.10

2.00 

1.90

Nov.

1.90

1.90

1.85

1.80

1.75

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.75

1.80

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.70

1.70

1.75

1.70

1.70

1.65

1.65

1.60

1.60

1.55

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.45

1.45

1.45

1.40

Dec.

1.40

1.40

] 40

1.40

1.35

1.35

1.30

1.30

1.35

1.35

1.50

1.55

1.50

1.50

1.40

1.45

1.50

1.60

1.80

1.85

1.85

1.90

2.10

2.30

2.45

2.50

2.50

2.60

2.65

2.50 

2.70

NOTE. Ice present from Jan. 1 to 31. Nov. 27 observer reported "river partly frozen near gage." Dec. 

23 observer reported "rise in river due to ice." Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by 

ice about Jan. 1 to 31 and about Dec. 19 to 31. See "Winter flow" in the station description.
116 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn., for 1911.

Day.

1. .........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7. ..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Feb.

80

70

70

70

70

70

70

80

80

70

80

80

70

70

70

fin

80

80

fin

on

80

70

70

70

80

70

70

70

Mar.

70

70

70

70

80

80

90

112

148

148

160

201

233

288

250

233

186

186

173

173

186

216

216

288

250

250

233

216

201

201

186

Apr.

186

201

216

216

201

201

186

216

186

233

309

675

860

1,000

osn

795

675

860

1,370

1,220

1,070

795

TOE

705

620

648

565

592

515

May.

540

515

465

420

375

OKO

288

OCC

288

288

288

OQQ

269

ccc

795

1,300

1,600

1,760

2,080

2

ojn

O nnrt

1 flfift

1,520

1 QHft

1 140

930

765

675

648

565

540

June.

515

465

420

675

ftfifl

930

895

795

1,040

1,070

1,040

860

895

795

675

565

515

515

465

375

309

269

250

201

186

186

288

288

269

250

July.

201

160

160

288

QQfl

1,560

1,440

1,140

1,000

795

620

465

375

330

250

250

216

186

186

160

136

136

160

216

233

201

186

160

186

250

Aug.

375

465

490

515

465

465

442

420

375

330

qofl

250

216

201

186

186

173

ifin

160

186

186

173

148

136

148

160

160

160

Sept.

136

IQft

Ififi

288

oqn

375

515

540

565

620

515

A£\K

420

420

465

515

515

465

420

375

330

288

250

ocfl

250

233

216

233

233

233

Oct.

216

233

250

233

288

420

490

465

420

398

375

352

375

375

375

420

465

565

565

620

565

565

515

515

465

442

420

375

330

288

Nov.

288

OQQ

269

250

ooq

216

216

216

233

250

233

ooq

ooq

*>1fi

216

tVM

216

216

201

201

186

186

160

160

160

148

148

148

136

Dec.

136

10ft

136

136

124

124

112

124

124

160

160

160

136

148

160

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge Dec. 19 to 31 estimated, 

because of ice, from observer's notes and climatologic records. Mean discharge Dec. 19 to 31 estimated 

166 second-feet, varying from about 150 to 180 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Kettle River near Sandstone, Minn., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 825 square miles.]

Month.

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

90 

288 

1,370 

2,240 

1,070 

1,560 

515 

620 

620 

288

2.240

Minimum.

70 

70 

186 

269 

186 

136 

136 

136 

216 

136

Mean.

o65 

74.6 

176 

591 

863 

562 

411 

274 

359 

406 

209 

152

347

Per

square 

mile.

0.079 

.090 

.213 

.716 

1.05 

.681 

.498 

.332 

.435 

.492 

.253 

.184

.421

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.09

.09 

.25 

.80 

1.21 

.76 

.57 

.38 

.49 

.57 

.28 

.21

5.70

Accu 

racy.

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A, A!

A.

A. 

A. 

B.

o Estimated from one discharge measurement and climatologic records. 

NOTE. See footnote to table of daily discharge.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. 117

SNAKE RIVER AT MORA, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge three-fourths of a mile south of Mora, in sec. 14,

T. 39 N., R. 24 W., below the mouth of Ann River. 

Records available. June 11,1909, to December 31, 1911. 

Drainage area. 422 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged since established. 

Channel. Shifting. 

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge except during low stages,

when they are made at a wading section. 

Winter flow. From December to March measurements are made through the ice

to determine the approximate winter discharge. 

Regulation. The logging dams on the river have not produced marked effect on

the gage heights. The only dam below Mora is at Pine City, at the outlet of

Cross Lake; backwater from this dam extends to a point several miles below the

gaging station.

Discharge measurements of Snake River at Mora, Minn., in 1911. if

Date.

Mar. la

July 6

Sept. 14

Dec. 6»

Hydrographer.

.....do...................................................................

.....do...................................................................

.....do....................................................................

height.

Feet. 

6.63

6.55

6.68

5.89

6.59

6.50

charge. W~.

Sec.-feet. " :/>

9

C

90 n

190

55.6

IRQ

46.9

o Measurement made under ice cover.

6 Complete ice cover at gage; average thickness of ice 0.5 foot; average distance water surface to top of ice 

0.04 foot.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Snake River at Mora, Minn., for 1911.

[Mrs. Alice Lasher, observer.!

Day.

1... ............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

qi

Jan.

6.60

6.50

6.50

6.62

6.60

6.55

6.60

6."50

6.70

6.60

Feb.

6.60

6.65

6.7

6.72

6.80

6.60

6.60

Mar.

6.55

6.62

6.60

6.40

6.10

6.00

5.80

5.88

6.12

6.02

6.20

5.80

5.85

5.80

5.68

5.90

5.78

5.69

5.70

6.05

5.75

5.70

5.76

5.60

Apr.

5.63

5.60

5.60

5.54

5.60

5.68

5.68

5.60

5.60

5.64

5.65

5.80

6.05

6.40

6.45

6.26

6.15

6.06

6.10

6.18

6.55

6.60

6.45

6.34

6.26

6.21

6.15

6.11

6.10

6.10

May.

6.02

5.98

6.00

5.94

5.89

5.88

5.80

5.80

5.78

5.80

5.75

5.82

5.85

5.90

6.00

6.06

6.25

6.50

6.98

8.45

7.74

7.51

7.21

7.06

6.91

6.72

6.55

6.41

6.25

6.12

6.05

June.

5.95

5.95

6.00

6.26

7.05

7.92

8.15

7.90

6.88

6.02

7.50

7.25

7.40

7.55

7.15

6.95

6.90

6.75

6.69

6.59

6.32

6.24

6.19

6.98

6.18

6.10

5.98

7.44

6.35

7.80

July.

8.41

7 48

6.62

6.00

6.00

5.96

6.35

6.48

6.42

6.32

6.24

6.12

6.04

5.94

5.89

5.84

5.79

5.71

5.79

5.76

5.71

&69

5.66

5.74

5.71

5.66

5.61

5.69

5.79

5.73

5.85

Aug.

6.12

6.10

6.40

6.38

6.25

G.16

6.09

6.02

5.96

6.01

5.99

5.94

5.90

5.95

5.84

5.74

5.68

5.68

5.68

5.68

5.75

5.88

5.74

5.56

5.50

5.55

5.70

5.70

5.70

5.66

5.80

Sept.

5.82

5.81

5.88

6.01

6.20

6.00

5.98

6.00

6.02

6.10

6.14

6.14

6.02

6.54

7.72

9.40

8.32

7.70

7.35

7.06

6.85

6.67

6.51

6.44

6.31

6.25

6.20

6.19

6.18

6.18

Oct.

6.20

6.28

6.41

6.36

6.40

6.75

7.19

7.44

7.42

7.30

7.09

6.95

6.84

6.78

6.70

6.75

. 6.76

6.85

6.94

6.90

6.88

6.92

7.01

7.05

7.10

7.06

7.01

6.91

6.78

6.70

6.68

Nov.

6.78

6.80

6.65

6.40

6.30

6.20

6.20

6.20

6.20

6.20

6.5

6.35

6.6

6.4

6.5

6.4

Dec.

6.4

6.5

6.5

6.65

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.6

6.5

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 1 to Mar. 11 (average thickness of ice about 1.5 and 2 feet) and Oct. 28 to Dec. 

31; very thin Oct. 28 to Nov. 12; average thickness Nov. 13 to Dec. 31 about 0.4 to 1 foot. Relation of 

gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 1 to Mar. 11 and Nov. 11 to Dec. 31.
118 SUEFACB WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Snake River at Mora, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1. ..........................

2. ..........................

3...........................

4. ..........................

5...- v -.. ..- ............

6. ..........................

7. ..........................

8...........................

9. ..........................

10. ..........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17. ..........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21. ...... .....A. ...... ......

22...........................

23...........................

24. ..........................

25...........................

26...........................

27. ..........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Mar.

23

23

OK

25

25

25

25

25

30

40

^n

83

71

51

58

8670

96

51

56

51

42

60

J.O

yfO

43

77

47

43

48

36

Apr.

38

36

36

32

36

42

42

36

36

39

40

51

77

126

134

104

on

78

83

QO

1 ^9

161

134

116

104

O7

on

84

83

83

May.

73

69

71

64

59

58

51

51

49

51

47

53

Kft

fin

71

78

143

239

445

377

296

258

223

184

152

128

103

86

77

June.

66

66

71

104

256

503

580

496

217

73

374

306

388

280

oqo

190

178

159

113

102

95

239

93

83

fiO

357

118

464

July.

668

368

165

71

71

67

118

140

129

113

102

86

76

64

59

55

50

44

50

48

42

40

46

44

40

37

42

50

45

56

Aug.

86

83

126

123

103

91

82

73

67

72

70

64

60

66

55

A«

42

42

42

42

47

58

46

34

30

33

43

43

43

40

51

Sept.

53

52

58

72

96

71

69

71

73

83

88

88

73

150

439

1,000

638

433

332

258

210

174

145

133

112

103

96

95

93

93

Oct.

96

107

128

120

126

190

290

357

352

319

266

232

208

196

180

190

192

210

230

221

217

226

246

256

268

258

9.4ft

223

196

180

176

Nov.

196

200

170

126

110

96

96

96

96

96

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve. Mar. 1 to 11, daily discharge estimated, because of ice. Nov. 11 to 30, discharge estimated, because of ice, from semiweekly gage heights, 

observer's notes, discharge measurement of Dec. 6, and climatologic records; mean discharge 57 second-feet, 

ranging from about 43 to 90 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Snake River at Mora, Minn.,for 1911. 

[ Drainage area, 422 square miles.]

Month.

January .................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

96 

161 

682 

580 

668 

126 

1,000 

357 

200

1,000

Minimum.

23 

32 

49 

66 

37 

30 

52 

96

_

Mean.

olO 

o!5 

47.7 

78.4 

144 

228 

97.7 

61.4 

182 

216 

680.7 

c53

101

Per 

square 

mile.

0.024 

.036 

.113 

.186 

.341 

.540 

.232 

.145 

.431 

.512 

.191 

.126

.239

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.03 

.04 

.13 

.21 

.39 

.60 

.27 

.17 

.48 

.59 

.21 

.15

3.27

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

C. 

D.

a Estimated from two ice measurements, semiweekly gage heights, and climatologic records. 

6 See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

c Estimated from ice measurement, semiweekly gage heights, observer's notes, and climatologic 

records.
TJPPEB MISSISSIPPI EIVEB BASINS. 119

CANNON RIVER AT WELCH, MINN.

Location. At highway bridge at Welch, just below a very small tributary and 3 miles 

above the mouth of Belle Creek.

Records available. June 7,1909, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 1,290 square miles.

Gage. Chain, attached to bridge; datum unchanged since established.

Channel. Practically permanent except during high water.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge.

Winter flo-w. Ice is present from December to March, and during that period measurements are made to determine the winter discharge. (See fig. 1; also fig. 2, 

p. 124.)

Distances in feet

' CURVES OF EQUAL VELOCITY

VERTICAL VELOCITY CURVES

Mote: Figures at top of curves-indicate measuring points 

Figures at bottom of curves indicate mean velocity in the vertical

S s

y104

Horizontal divisions represent I foot per second velocity 

FIGUBE 1. Diagram showing distribution of velocity under ice cover, Cannon River at Welch, Minn.

Regulation. About 800 feet above the bridge is a dam at which about 40 horsepower 

is developed. This dam leaks so badly that the operation of the turbine has little 

effect on the flow. 

Maximum flow. In April of 1888 the high water reached the eaves of the wheelhouse 

at the mill, 20.1 feet above the datum of the present gage. It is said that thia 

high water was not caused by ice gorging.

Accuracy. The angle which the current makes at the gaging station necessitates a 

correction, and, owing to the daily fluctuation of the river during low stage caused 

by artificial control, the records of flow can not be considered better than fair.
120 STTEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAKT V.

Discharge measurements of Cannon River at Welch, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

May 23

Oct. 17

18

Dec. 15

Hydrographer.

S. B. Soule............ ..................................................

.....do............................................ ........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.08

12.30

12.22

7.75

Discharge.

Sec.-feet.

88.4

4,770

4,730

1,160

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cannon River at Welch, Minn., for 1911. 

[E. J. Norell, observer.]

Day.

1... ................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9................... 10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19. ..................

9(1

21...................

22...................

23...................

24. ..................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28. ..................

29...................

30. ..................

31...................

Mar.

5.88

5.58

5.58

5.23

5.54

5.34

5.67

5.76

5.54

5.49

5.28

5.17

5.53

5.56

5.43

5.16

5.54

5.14

5.16

5.78

5.56

5.10

5.19

5.04

4.90

5.06

5.24

5.44

5.25

Apr.

5.43

5.65

5.06

4.96

5.15

5.40

5.10

5.05

5.02

5.09

5.38

5.35

5.50

5.52

5.52

5.22

5.34

5.65

5.65

5.45

5.65

5.66

K 4.K

5.18

5.65

5.28

5.20

5.66

5.24

5.48

May.

5.12

5.72

5.25

5.69

5.20

5.24

5.50

5.10

5.31

5.39

5.26

5.39

5.06

5.28

5.45

5.48

5.46

5.49

5.39

5.20

5.12

5.10

5.16

5.35

5.52

5.59

5.13

5.16

5.30

5.14

5.28

June.

5.49

5.24

5.32

6.45

5.92

5.95

5.35

5.64

5.35

5.48

5.34

5.59

5.60

5.40

5.42

5.50

5.78

5.45

5.40

5.60

5.35

5-50

5.69

5.38

5.25

5

Af\

5.36

5.48

5.42

5.50

July.

5.29

5.40

5.17

5.48

5.64

5.59

5.37

5.34

5.23

5.20

5.36

5.28

5.23

5.06

5.08

5.18

5.13

5.19

5.30

5.39

5.27

5.03

5.24

4.98

4.99

5 9%

5.28

5.28

5.20

5.24

5.10

Aug.

5.97

5.70

5.36

5.30

5.40

5.23

5.63

5.78

5.60

5.76

5.69

5.76

5.69

5.92

5.96

5.89

5.87

5.84

5.80

5.12

5.59

5-84

5.86

5.82

5.88

5.63

5.59

5.79

5.36

5.33

Sept.

5.39

5.74

5.62

5.23

5.72

5.86

5.84

5.83

5.84

5.68

5.46

5.84

5.83

5.83

5.84

5.80

5.42

5.46

5.70

5.80

5.86

5.86

5.86

5.67

5.38

5.81

5.43

5.76

5.76

5.52

Oct.

5.50

5.68

6.31

5.71

5.80

7.31

11.31

8.96

8.34

8.22

8.16

7.86

7.51

7.39

7.20

8.30

12.42

12.22

11.82

9.62

9.58

9.15

8.94

8.32

8.00

7 4Q

8.81

8.50

8.35

8.20

6.90

Nov.

7.78

7.86

7.44

6.16

5.52

6.70

6.80

7.31

7.59

7.51

7."30

7.41

7.09

6.15

5.92

5.80

6.78

6.90

6.60

6.40

6.30

6.38

6.46

6.80

Dec.

6.80

6.61

6.42

6.32

6.10

6.15

6.30

6.34

6.38

7.30

9.15

8.85

7.98

7-75

7.70

7.20

6.60

6.92

6.51

6.41

6.50

6.70

6.68

6.55

6.32

6 91

6.32

6.30

6.80

NOTE. Ice present about Jan. 1 to Mar. 1, Nov. 12 to Dec. 9, and Dec. 27 to 31.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cannon River at Welch, Minn., for 1911.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15.. .........................J

Mar.

200

281

190

190

134

215

242

180

168

122

102

178

185

Apr.

1 cj.

209

85

72

QQ

147

91

84

80

on

143

136

170

175

175

May.

Q4.

229

116

220

107

1115

170

91

128

145

118

145

85

122

158

June.

168

115

 ton

4.QQ

OQK

QAft

206

136

165

134

1Q9

195

147

152

July.

124

147

102

165

206

 too

141

134

113

107

139

113

85

88

Aug.

014

223

|OQ

126

147

203

248

1QK

242

220

949

295

310

Sept.

14K

235

201

113

O9Q

274

268

264

268

917

161

OflO

264

264

268

Oct.

170

442

99fi

OK-1

ana

3 900

l'970

1,520

1 440

1 400

l'220

1,020

QKI

851

Nov.

1,170

1,220

O7S

384

175

608

654

QAS

1,060

1,020

QAQ

961

7Q5

OCA

295
UPPEK MISSISSIPPI RIVER' BASINS. 121 

Dally discharge, in second-feet, of Cannon River at Wekh, Minn.,for 1911 Continued.

Day.

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Mar.

154

101

180

97

101

248

185

91

105

S3

71

65

85

115

156

116

Apr.

Ill

134

209

209

1 F&

209

212

158

104

209

122

107

212

115

165

May.

165

161

168

145

107

94

91

101

136

175

192'

96

101

126

97

122

June.

170

248

158

147

1Q*

136

170

220

143

116

147

139

165

152

170

July.

104

105

126

145

120

81

115

75

76

113

122

122

107

115

Q1

Aug.

285

278

268

254

Q4

192

268

274

261

281

203

134

192

251

139

132

Sept.

254

152

161

223

254

274

274

274

215

143

257

154

242

242

175

Oct.

1,500

4,900

4,720

4,350

2,490

2,450

2,120

1,950

1,510

1,300

1,000

1,850

1,630

1,530

1,430

701

Nov.

254

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve fairly well defined between 80 and 5,000 secondfeet. Discharge Mar. 1, Nov. 17 to D ec. 9. and Dec. 27 to 31 estimated, because of ice, from observer's notes, 

climatologic records, and discharge of adjacent drainage areas. Mean discharge Nov. 17 to 30 estimated 

230 second-feet, varying from about 200 to 260 second-feet. Mean discharge Dec. 1 to 9 estimated 280 secondfeet, varying from about 270 to 300 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Cannon River at Wekh, Minn.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,290 square miles.]

Month.

March . ....

April...................................

May....................................

June ....................................

July....................................

September. .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

281 

212 

229 

499 

206 

314 

274 

4,900 

1,220 

2,120

Minimum.

65 

72 

85 

115 

75 

94 

113 

170 

175 

250

Mean.

149 

145 

133 

182 

119 

218 

224 

1,670 

500 

606

Per 

square 

mile.

0.116 

.112 

.103 

.141 

.092 

.169 

.174 

1.29 

.388 

.470

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.13 

.12 

.12 

.16 

.11 

.19 

.19 

1.49 

.43 

.54

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

CHIPPEWA RIVER BASIN. 

CHIPPEWA RIVEE AT CHIPPEWA FALLS, WIS.

Location. At the highway bridge at Chippewa Falls, Wis., 2,500 feet below the 

mouth ol Duncan Creek.

Records available. April, 1899, to December 31, 1911. The gage was originally 

established by the Chippewa Lumber & Boom Co., which has kept a continuous 

record since 1899. Since 1904 the United States Weather Bureau has obtained 

gage heights during the flood season of each year. On June 1, 1906, the United 

States Geological Survey began making discharge measurements and obtained 

gage heights when no record was obtained by the Weather Bureau. The gage 

heights as published have been obtained from the following sources: United 

States Weather Bureau, March to September, 1905, 1907, 1908; April to July, 

1909; Chippewa Lumber & Boom Co., October 1 to December 31, 1911; United 

States Geological Survey.

Drainage area. 5,300 square miles.
122 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PABT V.

Gage. Staff, painted on one of the cylindrical iron piera at right end of bridge. 

Graduated to feet and inches, but readings published to feet and hundredths. 

Datum has not been changed since establishment.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Floods. Maximum stage, according to United States Weather Bureau, was 13.5 

feet September 16 and 17, 1903.

Winter flow. Ice forms about 2 feet in thickness, and the winter flow is considerably modified by backwater caused by ice below the section. On account 

of the swift water and the proximity of the dam there is considerable open water 

at the gage.

Regulation. The power plants of the Ghippewa Lumber & Boom Co., about 2,500 

feet above the gage, and the holding and releasing of water for logging, modify 

the normal flow markedly at times.

Accuracy. The accuracy is affected to a greater or less extent by the operation 

of the lumber boom and during the winter by ice, but the channel appears to 

be permanent, and an excellent rating curve has been developed from discharge 

measurements made during 1906-1909. As the station has not been visited 

since February 15, 1909, estimates of discharge are withheld until the discharge 

rating curve is checked by additionaLmeasurements.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Chippewa River at Chippewa Falls, Wis.,for 1911. 

 < [H. P. Farvell, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3.. .............

5...............

6...............

7. ..............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16. ..............

17. ..............

18...............

19. ..............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25.. .......... v .

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

0.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7 

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

1.0

1.0

1.0

Feb.

a Q

.8

.7

.7

.75

.85

.9

.8

.8 

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.8

.7

.7

.7

Mar.

0.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.75

.8

.8

1.0

1.35

1.5

1.35

1.4

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.6

1.65

1.85

2.05

2.1

2.1

2 ft

2.75

2.7

2.8

Apr.

2 A

2.3

2.1

2

(\

1.8

1 S

1.7

1.7

1.7 

1.6

1.8

1 o

2.7

3.5

2 A

3.0

2.8

2.6

2.5

2.6

3.4

2.8

2.7

2.8

2.6

2.3

2.4

9 1

1.8

1 Q

May.

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.4 

1.5

2.0

1.7

1.3

1.3

1.7

1 Q

1.9

1.9

1.9

2.0

3.1

4.2

4.0

4.5

4.5

3.8

3.0

2.8

2.5

2.1

1.8

June.

1.8

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.6

4.0

4.1

2.8

2.5 

2.4

1.8

1.8

1.3

1.2

1.6

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

.9

.8

.8

.7

.7

.7

.7

.7

.6

.6

.5

July.

0.5

.4

.4

.6

.8

.7

.7

.7

.8 

1.0

1.0

1.0

.8

.8

.5

.3

.4

.3

.3

.4

.4

.3

.4

.4

.5

.5

.5

.6

.3

.5

Aug.

.......

Sept.

 ^

Oct.

1.07

1.08

2.04

3.06

3.07

7.54

10.55

10.54

8.52 

6.54

5.52

4.06

3.08

3.08

3.01

3.51

6.02

6.57

7.06

6.06

5.54

5.02

4.06

4.00

3.54

3.06

3.05

3.02

2.08

2.04

2.02

Nov.

2.01

1.54

1.06

1.05

1.04

1.06

1.07

1.06

1.08 

1:08

1.08

1.08

l.OS

1.04

1.04

1.04

1.6

Dec.

1.7

1.6

3.6

2.6

2.5

NOTE. Relatioa of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 1 to Mar. 15, Nov. 9 

to Dec. 14, and Dec. 25 to 31.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. 123

BED CEDAE EIVEE AT CEDAR FALLS, WIS.

Location. At the highway bridge at the outskirts of Cedar Falls, Wis., 4J miles 

above the crossing of the Chicago, St. Paul, Minneapolis & Omaha Railway.

Records available. April 1, 1909, to December 31, 1911.

Gage. Staff fastened to bridge pier; datum unchanged since establishment.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. No discharge measurements have been made, and 

the station has not been visited since the gage was established.

Winter flow. Winters are severe in this locality, but the gage heights at the section 

do not appear to be much affected by ice, probably because of the rapids a short 

distance below the station, which, ordinarily, do not entirely freeze over.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Red Cedar River at Cedar Falls, Wis., for 1911. 

[Olaf Oas, observer.|

Day.

1...............

2...............

3.. . ........... .

4..........1....

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

u.. .............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17. ..............

18. ..............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23. ..............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27. ..............

28. ..............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.6

1.6

1.75

1.85

1.95

2.0

2.0

1.7 

1.9

1 0

Feb.

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.05

2.25

2.55

2.45

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

Mar.

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.1

1.8

2.4

2.8

2.85

2.75

2.6

2.65

2.7

2.8

2.75

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.5 

2.5

2.5

Apr.

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.0

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

2 A

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2

Q 

. 0

2

n

Ma

2

2.

Jt

f,

f,

?

1.

?

?

?

?

f,

f,

f,

2.

f,

f,

?:

f,

f,

f,

?:

?:

2. 

o

y4

4

4

S

3

?, <>

f,

1

?,

1

1

1

<>W

t

1

»

1

45

55

1

5ft

45

S

I)

4

3ft

3

June.

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.5

2.7

2.7 "2.7

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.3

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.4

2.25

2.0

1.7

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.1

1.7

2.0

2.2

2.2

2.2

9 3

July.

2.3

2.0

2.3

2.4

2.35

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

1.8

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.05 

1.9

2.2

Aug.

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.0

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

1.9

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.8

2.1

2.1 

2.0

2.0

Sept.

1.9

1.9

1.7

2-1

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

1.9

2.2

2.2

2.15

2 1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.2 

2.3

Oct.

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.55

2.8

3.9

5.35

5.4

4.15

3.7

3.35

3.15

3.0

3.0

2.7

3.5

3.6

45

4.75

4.55

4.25

4.0

3.95

3.8

3.8

3.65

3.45

3.25

3.1 

3.05

3.0

Nov.

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.75

2.85

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

Dec.

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2i6

2.66

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5 

2.5

2.5

ZUMBRO RIVER AT iSUMBRO FALLS, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge at Zvmbro

of South Branch.

Records available. June 8, 1909, to 

Drainage area. 1,120 square miles. 

Gage. Chain, attached to bridge; datum 

Channel. Slightly shifting.

Discharge measurements. Made frori the bridge 

Winter flow. Owing to the presence of rapid

also of springs, open water is practic

the rapids for a distance of several

gage readings are maintained during

fig. 1, p. 119.)

Falls, about 8 miles below the mouth 

December 31,1911.

unchanged since established.

ids a short distance above the station and 

lly continuous throughout the winter from 

niles downstream. For this reason the daily 

the winter months. (See fig. 2, p. 124; also
124 STJBFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Maximum flow. The high water of June, 1908, is marked by a spike in a telegraph 

pole near the railroad station at Zumbro Falls. This is at an elevation of 26.7 

feet above the datum of the gage. The high water of April, 1888, reached a stage 

approximately 29.7 feet, as shown by a mark not so well defined as that of the 

1908 flood.

Distances irvfeet 

6O 70 80 90 100

c I

JD

a ,

-Q 3

i

<D

Q

CURVES OF EQUAL VELOCITY

20

VERTICAL VELOCITY CURVES

Note: Figures at top of curves indicate measuring points 

Figures at bottom of curves indicate mean velocity in the vertical 

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130140 ISO

1

f

V 

Q

I

I.S8

Horizontal divisions represent I foot per second velocity

FIGURE 2. Diagram showing distribution of velocity in open channels, Zumbro Eiver at Zumbro Falls,

Minn.

Regulation. The nearest dam is at Jarretts, but on account of the fall in the river the 

station is above its influence. The effect of the dams above Zumbro Falls is not 

felt at the gaging station.

Discharge measurements of Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

Mar. 29

Oct. 6

7

Dec. 6»

14«

14o

Hydrographer.

C. R. Adams........ .................................... ............

S.B.Soute. ..............................................................

Robert Follansbee. .......................................................

.....do....................................................................

W.G. Hoyt.. ............................................................

.....do....................................................................

height.

Feet. 

5.26

f; 1s

9.48

10.57

5.26

7.02

6.99

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

211

191

2,260

3,250

247

964

932

Open, no backwater.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. 125

Daily gage height, in feet, of Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn.,for 1911.

[A. H. Sugg, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11.... ...........

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

1s

10

20...............

21...............

22.. .............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

4. 05!

5.00

5.04

5.14

5.10

5.08

5.06

5.04

5.04

5.02

5.03

5.02

4.99

5.00

5.02

5.00

5.02

5.06

4.99

4.99

4.98

4.98

4.99

5.03

5.00

5.03

5.07

4.99

Feb.

4.97

5.01

4.95

4.97

4.93

4.87

4.97

4.95

4.95

4.96

4.95

4.96

5.07

7.92

9.55

8.15

8.60

8.00

6.85

6.15

6.10

5.83

5.75

5.77

5.79

5.80

5.70

5.60

.......

Mar.

5.57

5.57

5.54

5.49

5.45

5.45

5.45

5.45

5.49

5.56

5.59

5.57

5.56

5.54

5.54

5.40

5.44

5.35

5.35

5.37

5.40

5.36

5.35

5.35

5.35

5.34

5.34

5.34

5.32

5.34

5.29

Apr.

5.30

5.29

5.29

5.26

5.26

5.26

5.22

5.26

5.22

5.22

5.24

5.35

5.38

5.38

5.40

5.40

5.35

5.35

5.35

5.32

5.30

5.30

5.25

5.21

5.20

5.19

5.12

5.15

5.18

5.18

May.

5.20

5.21

5.20

5.20

5.14

5.10

5.00

5.10

5.09

5.06

5.08

5.06

5.00

5.04

5.28

5.16

5.09

5.10

5.52

5.62

5.72

6.65

6.59

6.20

5.88

5.69

5.58

5.46

5.35

5.32

5.30

June.

5.24

5.34

5.29

5.60

5.51

5.48

5.30

5.29

5.21

5.20

5.20

5.19

5.10

5.09

5.09

5.19

5.22

5.30

5.22

5.15

5.10

5.06

5.06

5.06

5.04

5.04

5.04

5.04

5.02

5.02

July.

4.94

4.88

4.84

4.86

4.85

4.86

4.84

4.84

4.84

4.82

4.82

4.82

4.83

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.78

4.85

4.82

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.80

4.86

4.80

4.80

4.79

Aug.

4.80

4.81

4.88

4.85

4.82

4.95

5.12

5.46

5.22

5.25

5.20

5.16

5.34

8.60

8.38

7.19

6.54

6.24

5.90

5.72

5.61

5.50

5.48

5.39

5.30

5.29

5.22

5.16

5.14

5.12

5.15

Sept.

5.10

5.09

5.04

5.10

5.15

5.09

5.05

5.05

5.02

4.98

4.94

5.00

5.00

4.99

4.96

4.94

4.94

5.16

5.02

5.09

5.04

5.01

5.02

5.00

4.96

4.99

4.98

5.00

4.99

5.04

Oct.

5.06

4.99

5.15

5.15

5.38

9.42

10.51

8.76

7.65

7.01

6.62

6.35

6.15

6.20

6.22

10.83

15.93

13.03

10.92

9.21

8.20

7.42

7.12

6.88

6.85

7.24

7.05

6.75

6.54

6.40

6.22

Nov.

6.09

6.01

5.91

5.86

5.85

5.82

5.90

6.12

6.10

6.00

5.95

5.78

5.58

5.69

5.58

5.51

7.29

7.90

7.16

6.38

6.05

5.55

5.14

5.45

5.45

5.48

 5.19

5.04

5.24

Dec.

5.44

5.39

5.30

5.21

5.28

5.32

5.32

5.31

5.32

7.25

11.32

8.82

7.55

7.01

6.69

6.35

6.09

5.89

5.81

5.80

5.82

5.72

5.66

5.55

5.50

5.33

5.06

5.11

5.39

5.41

5.41

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Nov. 17 to 23 and Dec. 29 to 31. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1...... .........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

1C...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

9Q

30...............

81...............

Jan.

146

149

150

151

154

156

175

167

163

160

156

156

153

154

153

147

140

153

149

153

160

147

147

146

146

147

154

149

Tilt

162

147

Feb.

144

151

140

144

137

127

144

140

140

142

140

142

162

1,340

2,360

1,460

1,730

1,380

792

500

480

37S

349

356

363

367

331

297

Mar.

287

278

262

250

250

250

250

262

284

294

287

284

278

278

236

248

223

223

228

236

226

223

223

223

220

220

220

215

220

208

Apr.

210

208

208

201

201

201

192

201

192

192

196

223

231

231

236

236

223

223

223

215

210

210 1°3

189

187

185

171

177

183

183

May.

187

189

187

187

175

167

165

167

165

160

163

160

14.Q

156

205

179

165

167

271

IfU.

338

704

678

519

397

328

291

253

223

215

210

June.

196

220

208

297

268

259

210

208

189

187

187

185

167

165

165

185

192

210

192

177

167

160

160

160

156

156

156

156

153

153

July.

139

129

122

126

124

126

122

122

122

119

119

119

121

116

116

116

113

118

124

119

116

116

116

116

116

116

116

126

116

116

114

Aug.

116

118

129

124

119

140

171

253

192

198

187

179

220

1,730

1,600

951

657

535

404

338

300

265

233

210

208

192

179

175

171

177

Sept.

167

165

156

167

177

165

158

158

153

146

139

149

149

147

142

139

139

179

153

165

156

151

153

149

142

147

146

149

147

156

Oct.

158

147

177

177

236

2,250

3,190

1,960

1,280

938

738

624

540

560

560

3,440

8,340

5,290

3,520

2.250

1,610

1,150

990

888

863

1,040

964

811

714

646

560

Nov.

520

480

442

424

424

406

442

520

520

480

461

406

340

372

340

310

300

280

260

250

240

260

230

221

296

296

310

232

200

244

Dec.

296

9R9

256

232

256

256

256

256

256

1,070

3,840

1,990

1,230

938

788

624

520

442

406

406

406

372

356

325

310

297

202

212

240

230

230

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from two rating curves fairly well defined below 4,000 second-feet. 

Daily discharge Nov. 17 to 23 and Dec. 29 to 31, estimated, because of ice., from observer's notes climatologic records, and the flow of the South Branch.
126 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Monthly discharge of Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,120 square miles.]

Month.

ISay.. ..................................

July.... ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

175 

2,360 

294 

236 

704 

297 

139 

1,730 

177 

8,340 

520 

3,840

8,340

Minimum.

146 

127 

208 

171 

149 

153 

113 

116 

139 

147 

200 

202

113

Mean.

153 

512 

248 

205 

252 

188 

120 

346 

154 

1,500 

350 

573

384

Per

square 

mile.

0.137

.457 

.221 

.183 

.225 

.168 

.107 

.309 

.138 

1.34 

.312 

.512

.343

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.16 

.48 

.25 

.20 

.26 

.19 

.12 

.36 

.15 

1.54 

.35 

.59

4.65

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

B.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge. 

SOUTH BRANCH OF ZUMBRO RIVER NEAR ZUMBRO FALLS, MINN.

Location. At the Woodville bridge, 1^ miles above the mouth of the river, in sec.

22, T. 109 N., R. 14 W., 6 miles below the mouth of the Middle Branch. 

Records available. June 16, 1911, to December 31, 1911. 

Drainage area. 821 square miles. 

Gage. Chain, attached to bridge. 

Channel. Apparently permanent, data too incomplete to be conclusive. Between

the station and the mouth of the river there is a fall of several feet which prevents

backwater from the North Branch reaching the station. 

Discharge measurements. Made from the highway bridge. 

Winter flow. From December to March the river is frozen over; measurements are

made to determine the winter discharge.

Discharge measurements of South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn., in

1911.

Date.

May 25

June 16

July 19

Oct. 7

8

Dec. 5«

Hydrographer.

S.B.Soute.. .............................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

W.G.Hoyt.. .............................................................

height.

Feet. 

2.44

2.04

1.91

6.06

4.82

2.14

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

291

120

84.5

2,590

1,490

184

No ice in river in vicinity of gage.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. 127

Daily gage height, in feet, South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn.,for

1911.

[Wallace M. Whipple, observer.)

Day.

1............................................

2............................................

3............................................

4............................................

5............................................

6............................................

7............................................

8............................................

9............................................

10............................................

11............................................

12............................................

13............................................

14............................................

15............................................

16............................................

17............................................

18............................................

19. ...........................................

20............................................

21............................................

22............................................

23............................................

24............................................

25............................................

26............................................

27............................................

28............................................

29............................................

30............................................

31............................................

June.

2.05

2.09

2.11

2.06

9 fH

2.02

1.99

2.01

2.00

2.00

1.95

1.92

1 Qfi

2.01

1.98

July.

1.98

1.95

1.90

1.94

1.94

1.88

1.89

1.88

i on

1.88

1 89

1.88

1.91

1.82

i on

1.89

1.89

1 SIR

1 Rfi

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.86

1.86

1.82

1 84

1 SIR

1 87

1.87

1.87

Aug.

1.88

1.85

1.83

1.83

1.83

1.94

1.91

1.94

1 Ol

2.05

2.05

2.04

2.07

4.69

4.44

3.49

2.97

2.64

2.30

2.24

2.18

2.19

2.09

2.09

1.98

2.02

1.99

2.02

1.98

1.99

Sept.

1.98

1.97

1.94

1.97

2.02

1.99

1.98

1.98

1.93

1.93

1.91

1.93

1.91

1.92

1.93

1.93

1.91

1.97

1 01

1 07

1.97

1.97

1.95

1 01

1.92

1.93

1.91

i on

1.90

1.90

Oct.

1.94

1.93

2.03

2.03

1.99

3.62

5.83

4.70

3.75

3.20

2.93

2.80

2.59

2.55

2.58

5.23

10.91

7.79

6.24

5.39

4.58

4.04

3.76

3.52

3.46

3.66

3.59

3.39

3.15

3.02

2.90

Nov.

2.82

2.80

2.75

2.70

2.65

2.69

2.73

2.74

2.75

2.68

2.59

2.52

2.45

2.45

2.45

2.34

2.34

2.33

2.25

2.20

2.19

2.22

2.23

2.23

2.20

2.20

2.13

2.00

2.08

2.20

Dec.

2.18

2.22

2.18

2.15

2.14

2.12

2.14

2.15

2.19

4.00

6.88

4.95

4.00

3.49

3.45

2.90

2.72

2.60

2.59

2.51

2.46

2.39

2.34

2.25

2.18

2.08

2.22

2.25

2.25

2.28

NOTE. Ice present along shore during latter part of December.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, South Branch of Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn.,

for 1911.

Day.

1....

2....

3....

5....

6....

7....

9....

10....

11....

12....

13....

14....

15....

June. July.

108

100

85

97

97

80

82

80

85

80

65

80

88

65

85

Aug.

80

72

68

68

68

97

88

97

97

130

130

127

136

1,450

1,290

Sept.

108

105

97

105

120

111

108

108

94

94

88

94

88

91

94

Oct.

97

94

124

124

111

814

2,310

1,450

884

598

474

418

331

315

327

Nov.

427

418

397

376

356

372

QSQ

393

397

368

331

303

276

276

276

Dec.

174

188

174

164

160

153

160

164

178

1,020

2,860

1,620

1,020

745

724

Day.

16..

17..

18..

19..

20..

21..

22..

23..

24..

25..

26..

27..

28..

29..

30..

31....

June.

130

143

150

133

127

120

111

117

114

114

100

91

102

117

108

July.

91

82

82

80

75

72

72

72

75

75

65

70

80

78

78

78

Aug.

745

492

351

268

218

196

174

178

143

143

108

120

111

120

108

111

Sept.

94

88

105

88

105

105

105

100

100

91

94

88

85

85

85

Oct.

1,820

6,820

3,980

2,660

1,950

1,380

1,050

890

761

729

835

798

693

574

514

461

Nov.

233

233

229

200

181

178

188

192

192

181

181

156

114

140

181

Dec.

461

384

335

331

299

, 279

252

233

202

200

174

140

175

165

165

160

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined below 2,900 second-feet. Daily discharge Dec. 28 to 31 estimated, because of ice. from daily gage heights and climatologio records. Data 

collected during 1912, before the publication of this report, indicate that the maximum discharge in the 

above table (6,820 second-feet on Oct. 17) may be about 10 per cent too low, but the data are not such as 

to warrant a revision of the computations at this time.
128 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PABT V.

Monthly discharge of South Branch o/Zumbro River near Zumbro Falls, Minn.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 821 square miles.]

Mouth.

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

150

108 

1.450 

120

6,820 

427 

2,860

Minimum.

91 

65 

68 

85 

94 

114 

140

Mean.

118 

80.7 

245 

97.4 

1,110 

271 

434

Per 

square 

mile.

6.144 

.098 

.298 

.119 

1.35 

.330 

.529

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.08 

.11 

.34 

.13 

1.56 

.37 

.61

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

A. . 

A. 

B. 

A. 

B.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

BOOT RIVER NEAR HOUSTON, MINN.

Location. At highway bridge 1 mile east of Houston, in sec. 34, T. 104 N., E. 6 W., 

1 mile above the mouth of South Boot Eiver, ordinarily an insignificant stream, 

but during heavy rains overflowing its banks badly and flooding considerable 

area.

Records available. May 28, 1909, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 1,560 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged since established.

Channel. Shifting, scouring out during floods, and gradually filling in afterwards; 

nearly permanent at low stages.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge.

Winter flow. From December to March discharge measurements are made through 

the ice to determine the approximate winter flow.

Regulation. There is no dam below the station, and the nearest dam above is at 

Bushford. As the flow is ample at all times for the power generated at that point, 

it is not held back during certain portions of the day, and thus the dam has no 

influence on the gage heights at Houston.

Accuracy. The shifting channel renders it necessary to make more frequent measurements than at other stations, and the results based on them can probably not 

be considered better than fair or, possibly good, except for low stages, when the 

channel changes but little.

Discharge measurements of Root River near Houston, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

Jan. 14

Mar. 30

May 26

Aug. 11

17is

19

Sept. 22

Get. 19

30 Dee. 13

Hydrographer.

C. R. Adams .............................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet.

2 OR

1.41

1 97

1.55

4.64

3.85

3.32

1.59

5.97

5.07

4.14

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

o310

352

544

455

61,790

61,260

61,050

49C

2,690

2,130

.1,680

» Measurement made under ice cover.

& River bottom scoured out from 7 to 8 feet deeper by flood since Aug. 11.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASINS. 129

Daily gage height, in feet, of Root River near Houston, Minn.,for 1911. 

[Olaf Larson, observer.]

Day.

1. .............. 

2............... 

3............... 

4...............

5...............

6............... 

7............... 

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21............... 

22. .............. 

23...............

24...............

25............... 

26...............

27...............

28............... 

29............... 

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

"i.'go'

' "2." 66'

2.20

2.20

2.25

2.10

2.20

2.10

"i'so" 

"i'so"

Feb.

"i'so"

"a.'so'

2.30

9 fin

09.00

6.55

6.00

6.35

4.30

3.25

2.75 

2.55 

2.55

2.60

2.40 

2.30

2.35 

1.95

Mar.

2.00 

2.05 

2.00 

1.75

1.65

1.65 

1.65 

1.55

1.60

1.60

1.65

1.60

1.55

1.55

1 Jfl

1.40

1 dfi

1.40

1.35

1.45

1.45 

1.40 

1.35

1.35

1.35 

1.35

1.50 

1.45 

1.45 

1.45 

1.35

Apr.

1.35 

1.25 

1.35 

1.30

1.45

1.42 

1.36 

1.35

1.31

1.36

1.32

1.35

1.42

1.45

1 1Q

1.45

1.42

1.40

1.42

1.39

1.40 

1.36 

1.32

1.35

1.35 

1.25

1.25 

1.29 

1.28 

1.25

May.

1.50 

1.60 

1.44 

1.36

1.35

1.31 

1.30

1.28

1.28

1.26

1.25

1.16

1.14

1.22

1.36

1.24

1.22

1.18

1.15

1.30

1.44 

3.64 

2.69

2.44

2.14 

1.90

1.80 

1.68 

1.58 

1.44 

1.41

June.

1.50 

1.45 

1.45

1.75

1.66

1.65 

1.52 

1.40

1.39

1.32.

1.28

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.15

1.20

1.30

1.25

1.20

1.18

1.15 

1.08

1 (14.

1.09

1.05 

1.05

1.01 

1.05 

1.00 

1.00

July.

1.02 

1.00 

.90

Ql

1.06

.95 

.90 

90

01

.91

84

.85

OK

.82

.92

.90

,80

.85

.89

.90

.90 

.82 

.89

.85

.89 

.85

.86 

.88 

.91 

.94 

.82

Aug.

1.02 

.99 

.90 

1.02

1.08

1.30 

2.06 

2.59

1.71

1.56

1.50

1.45

5.36

69 95

9.55

6.25

4 AK

3.72

3.28

2.91

2.69 

2.92 

2.80

2.40

2.21 

2.08

1.94 

1.82 

1.80 

1.65 

1.65

Sept.

1.60 

1.55 

1.48 

1.45

1.42

1.46 

1.41 

1.40

1.36

1.34

1.30

1.28

1.25

1.18

1.15

1.11

1.11

3.58

2.71

1.94

1.74 

1.56 

1.45

1.40

1.34 

1.29

1.20

1.21 

1.26 

1.29

Oct.

1.55 

1.34 

2.29 

3.26

3.05

3.91 

6.25 

c6.53

4.28

3.45

3.00

2.70

2 en

2.40

2

0,1

3.52

6.80

<*9.10

6.56

4.94

4.24 

3.75 

3.39

3.09

2.98 

2.80

2.76 

2.62 

2.52 

2.40 

2.31

Nov.

2.21 

2.16 

2.06 

1.99

1.95

2.00 

2.05 

2.15

2.20

2.21

2.15

2.05

1.61

1.84

1.68

1.81

1.76

3.49

-------

Dec.

------

3.95

8.15

5.95

4.02

3.18

2.82

2.55

2.32

2.10

1.80

1.80

1.98 

2.00 

1.90

1.80

1.7.0 

1.60

Maximum stage, 9 feet. 

6 Maximum stage, 10.8 feet.

c Maximum stage, 6.9 feet, 

d Maximum stage, 9.4 feet.

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 1 to Feb. 14 and Nov. 19 to Dec. 31. Average thickness of ice, 1 foot. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Root River near Houston, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18... = ......

10

20..........

21..........

22...........

23..........

25

Jan.

310

Feb.

4,000

3,090

2,680

1,570

1,500

1,010

750

685

685

700

648

Mar.

550

570

550

458

422

422

422

390

405

405

422

405

390

390

345

345

345

345

330

360

360

345

330

330

330

Apr.

347

320

347

332

377

368

350

347

335

350

338

347

368

377

39Q

377

368

V7f\

383

V7&.

377

365

353

362

362

May.

407

447

389

365

362

350

347

342

342

337

335

313

310

328

365

333

328

318

312

347

QRO

1,200

CfiQ

717

612

June.

430

418

418

496

472

469

435

405

402

385

375

368

368

368

9AA

356

380

368

356

351

9AA

327

318

330

320

July.

314

309

287

289

323

298

287

287

289

289

275

277

277

271

291

287

267

277

285

287

287

271

285

277

285

Aug.

314

307

287

314

327

380

585

772

485

446

430

418

2,240

7,280

6,780

2,980

1,360

1 Ofifl

1,050

902

820

906

OCA

724

666

Sept.

492

479

461

453

445

456

443

440

430

425

415

410

403

386

380

370

370 i ion

828

587

530

482

453

440

425

Oct.

479

425

690

1,040.

957

1,360

2,980

3,240

1,560

1,130

937

824

756

724

705

1,160

3,510

6,220

3,270

1,960

1,540

1,280

1,100

973

929

Nov.

666

651

621

601

590

604

618

648

663

666

648

618

497

70057° WSP 305 13 9
130 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Root River near Houston, Minn.,for 1911 Continued.

Day.

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Jan. Feb.

612

620

530

Mar.

330

375

360

360

360

340

Apr.

335

335

345

342

335

May.

537

509

477

451

415 ins

June.

320

311

320

309

309

July.

277

283

289

296

271

Aug.

627

587

553

547

506

506

Sept.

413

391

393

405

413

Oct.

860

846

796

763

724

696

Nov.

NOTE . Daily discharge computed from two rating curves fairly well defined below 3,600 second-feet, one of 

which was applied indirectly prior to May 22. Discharge estimated Jan. 1 to Feb. 14 and Nov. 14 to Dec. 31, 

because of ice, from two discharge measurements, observer's notes, climatologic records, and comparison 

with flow of the North Branch near Lanesboro, Minn. Mean discharge Feb. 1 to 14 estimated 320 secondfeet, varying from about 300 to 500 second-feet. Mean discharge Nov. 14 to 30, estimated 468 second-feet, 

varying from about 450 to 495 second-feet. Mean discharge Dec. 1 to 31 estimated 875 second-feet, varying from about 400 to 4,700 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Root River near Houston, Minn., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,560 square miles.]

Month.

April. ..................................

May....................................

July....................................

August. ................................

October. ................................

November. .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,000

570 

389 

1,200 

496 

323 

7,280 

1,190 

6,220 

666

7,280

Minimum.

330 

320 

310 

309 

267 

287 

370 

425

Mean.

«310 

841 

390 

356 

436 

372 

286 

1,180 

474 

1,430 

535 

«875

624

Per 

square 

mile.

0.199 

.539 

.250 

.228 

.279 

.238 

.183 

.756 

.304 

.917 

.343 

.561

.400

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0-23 

.56 

.29 

.25 

.32 

.27 

.21 

.87 

.34 

1.06 

.38 

.65

5.43

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

C.

o Estimated. 

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.

NORTH BRANCH OF ROOT RIVER NEAR LANESBORO, MINN.

Location. At the first highway bridge 1 mile above the junction of the North and 

South branches, in sec. 6, T. 103 N., R. 9 W., in Fillmore County, 2 miles north 

of Lanesboro, and about 5 miles below a small creek that enters from the west.

Records available. Gage heights and discharge measurements from January 30, 

1910, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 647 square miles.

Gage. Chain; datum unchanged since established.

Channel. Probably permanent. As there is more than 10 feet fall between the 

station and the mouth of the South Branch, there is no danger of backwater from 

that stream. One thousand feet back from the right bank there is an old channel 

through which the river formerly flowed. At a stage of 6 feet the flow commences 

through this old channel. At extreme flood stage the right bank is overflowed for 

a width of one-fourth mile.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge. At extreme flood stages measurements can be made from the railroad bridge just above the junction with the 

South Branch.

Winter flow. From December to about March the river is frozen over; measurements are made to determine the winter discharge.
TJPPEB MISSISSIPPI KIVEE BASINS. 131 

Discharge measurements of North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn., in 1910-11.

Date.

1910. 

Apr. 29

1911. 

Mar. 31

May 26

A 11 s> 17

Oct. 18o

186

19

Dec. 12

Hydrographer.

.....do...................................................................

S. B. Soule" . ..............................................................

.....do...................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.28

2.09

2.09

1.96

2.32

3 04

5.87

5.11

4.30

3.84

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

191

134

137

90.2

217

550

3,230

2,400

1,520

1,070

u Morning. t> Afternoon.

Daily gage height, in feet, of North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn., for 1911.

[Kresten E. Hoium, observer.]

Day.

1..........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19. .........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30. .........

31..........

Feb.

2.86

2.80

2.74

2.69

2.62

2.56

2.54

2.50

2.46

2.44

*

Mar.

2.31

2.32

2.30

2.31

2.32

2.35

2.32

2.32

2.32

2.35

2.35

2.32

2.35

2.32

2.36

2.34

2.34

2.31

2.32

2.31

2.30

2.28

2.28

2.30

2.32

2.38

2.45

2.48

2.40

2.32

Apr.

2.02

2.02

2.00

1.98

1.98

1.98

2.02

1.98

1.98

2.22

2.25

2.25

2.18

2.18

2.18

2.12

2.12

2.12

2.12

2.08

2.08

2.08

2.05

2.02

1.95

1.95

2.02

2.02

2.02

2.05

- May.

2.04

2.12

2.10

2.05

2.08

2.08

2.05

2.05

2.02

2.02

2.00

1.98

1.98

2.02

1.98

1.92

1.98

1.98

1.92

1.98

3.48

3.25

O QE

2.60

2.35

2.32

2.25

2.20

2.18

2.12

2.08

June.

2.08

2.12

2.18

2.32

2.40

2.30

2.18

2.20

2.12

2.12

2.08

2.02

2.02

1.98

1.98

2.02

2.12

2.05

2.09

2.08

1.98

1.91

1 90

1.95

1.92

1.98

1.90

1.89

1.92

1.88

July.

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.85

1.90

1.88

1.85

1.89

1 84

1 84

1.95

1.80

1.84

1.71

1.86

1.86

1.80

1.82

1 Rfi

1.82

1 S1

1 80

1 Sit

1.82

1.82

1.80

1.81

1.85

1.82

1.80

1.82

Aug.

2.05

1.90

1.94

2.05

2.02

2.05

2.95

2.29

2.28

2.14

2 1 ft

2.06

10.30

9.80

4.98

3.65

3.31

2.86

2.68

2.58

2.50

6.02

9 59

2.40

2.35

2.32

2.25

2

Q9

2.22

2.22

2.14

Sept.

2.14

2.14

2.14

2.14

2.18

2

1 Q

2.16

2.19

2 1 ^

2.10

2.08

2.08

2 no

2 no

2.10

9 ftS

2.05

3.45

2.61

2.32

2 on

2.25

2 99

9 9fi

2.21

2.12

2.09

2 in

2.28

9 9/1

Oct.

2.20

2.34

3.15

3.45

3.35

5.52

6.40

4.45

3.55

3.15

2.98

2.80

2

7C

2.70

2.70

4 nn

6.74

5.65

4.25

3.72

3.39

3.18

3 Aft

9 on

2.90

2.80

2.78

2.76

2.70

2.64

2.60

Nov.

2.60

2.54

2.50

2.45

2.45

2 4O

2.62

2.70

2.70

2.70

2.68

2.60

2 91

2.30

2.50

2.48

2.65

2.50

2.45

2.48

2.30

2.32

2

EA

2.32

2.38

2.38

2.32

2.32

2.35

2.38

Dec.

2.39

2.38

2.32

2.25

2.22

2.28

2.30

2.28

2.32

5.08

5.80

4.20

3.30

2.85

2.72

2.64

2.32

2.55

2.45

2.50

2.42

2.35

2.35

2.35

2.38

2.42

2.42

9 48

2.52

2.54

2.59

NOTE. Gage record, Mar. 4 to 31,1911, is questionable. It was found on Mar. 31 that the observer was 

reading the gage 0.3 foot high. Gage heights above are as reported by the observer. Relation of gage 

height to discharge aSected oy ice about Jan. 30 to Mar. 8,1910, and about Dec. 27 to 31,1911. May 21, 

maximum, 4.3 feet at 10 a. m. Oct. 17, maximum, 7.2 feet at 12 noon.
132 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn.,

for 1910-11.

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11...........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Day.

1911. 

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Day.

1910.

Feb.

456

425

396

371

338

311

302

284

267

259

Mar.

203

195

185

175

170

165

162

159

156

153

150

147

144

138

135

132

129

126

123

120

117

114

111

108

105

102

99

96

93

on

Mar.

2,040

1 940

1,940

1,080

1 Q4fi

1,940

1,830

1,620

1,080

1 080

924

924

924

425

425

376

376

425

476

476

4OK

Apr.

110

110

IfH

QQ

99

99

110

99

00

174

185

185

160

160

160

141

141

141

128

128

119

110

On

Qn

110

110

110

119

Apr.

924

924

850

850

779

711

711

647

587

587

647

fi47

fi47

647

fi47

587

587

530

530

530

587

530

425

425

376

376

329

284

May.

116

141

110

128

128

110

119

110

110

104

QQ

99

110

QQ

82

99

99

82

QQ

834

R7Q

503

329

211

185

167

160

128

May.

167

167

203

203

167

185

203

167

203

203

203

167

167

185

167

203

242

242

242

242

284

284

250

263

242

234

910

203

June.

141

160

242

203

160

167

141

128

110

110

QQ

QQ

110

141

119

128

99

80

77

90

529

99

77

75

82

79

June.

196

185

185

196

185

174

174

171

181

185

174

171

167

160

154

150

141

141

134

141

137

150

150

150

150

150

150

147

137

134

July.

66

66

66

66

77

72

66

75

63

63

90

54

63

38

68

68

54

 59

68

59

56

54

56

59

59

54

56

66

59

54

59

July.

134

134

141

137

137

137

141

134

134

134

134

141

137

134

134

137

141

134

141

141

141

141

134

134

134

128

199

119

119

119

Aug.

119

77

88

110

119

503

199

196

147

134

122

9,380

8,660

2,240

962

718

456

367

320

284

293

242

222

211

185

211

174

174

147

Aug.

128

134

134

141

141

141

150

160

171

185

185

167

167

203

181

189

199

203

211

203

196

196

203

189

185

174

167

167

196

203

203

Sept.

147

147

147

147

160

160

154

164

150

134

128

128

128

128

134

119

119

814

334

211

203

185

174

189

171

141

131

134

196

167

Sept.

199

189

171

171

1,040

476

306

276

234

181

171

167

171

181

185

181

181

171

171

181

185

189

181

174

181

185

189

196

189

189

Oct.

167

219

617

814

745

2,840

3,890

1,670

887

617

519

425

400

376

376

1,250

4,320

2,990

1,480

1,020

772

635

530

476

476

425

415

405

376

348

329

Oct.

189

181

167

154

147

141

137

134

134

131

131

122

122

128

131

128

128

141

141

141

141

150

154

154

160

160

150

150

160

150

160

Nov.

329

302

284

263

263

280

338

376

376

376

367

329

171

203

284

276

352

284

263

276

203

210

284

210

235

235

210

210

222

235

Nov.

160

160

164

164

160

164

154

154

164

164

160

154 in

171

171

164

164

167

171

174

181

196

196

174

174

167

167

160

160

160

Dec.

238

235

210

185

175

196

203

196

210

2,350

3,160

1,430

711

450

385

348

210

306

263

284

250

222

222

222

234

250

240

220

210

200

200

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a rating curve well defined below 4.000 second-feet. Discharge 

estimated Mar. 1 to 31,1911, because of errors in observed gage heights. Discharge Feb. 1 to Mar. 8,1910, 

and Dec. 27 to 31,1911, estimated, because of ice, from observer's notes, climatologic records, and discharge 

of adjacent drainage areas. Mean discharge Mar. 1 to 8, 1910, estimated 200 second-feet, varying from 

about 150 to 350 second-feet.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. 133 

Monthly discharge of North Branch of Root River near Lanesboro, Minn.,for 1910-11.

area, 647 square miles.]

Month.

1910.

April....................................

May....................................

1911. 

February 19-28. .........................

April ....................................

May.. ..................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,040 

924 

284 

196 

141 

203 

1,040 

189 

196

456 

203 

185 

834 

242 

90 

9,380 

814 

4,320 

376 

3,160

Minimum.

150 

284 

167 

134 

119 

128 

167 

122 

154

259 

90 

90 

82 

72 

38 

77 

119 

167 

171 

175

Mean.

150 ' 

829 

602 

212 

161 

134 

177 

229 

146 

167

341

137 

125 

186 

123 

62.4 

987 

181 

994 

275 

459

Per 

square 

mile.

0.232 

1.28 

.930 

.328 

.249 

.207 

.274 

.354 

.226 

.258

.527 

.212 

.193 

.287 

.190 

.096 

1.53 

.280 

1.54 

.425 

.709

Run-off 

(depth In 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.24

1.48 

1.04 

.38 

.28 

.24 

.32 

.40 

.26 

.29

.20 

.24 

.22 

.33 

.21 

.11 

1.76 

.31 

1.78 

.47 

.82

Accuracy.

D. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C.

c.

D. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.

WISCONSIN RIVER NEAR RHINELANDER, WIS.

Location. At the highway bridge about 400 feet below Forbes & Wixeon's power 

plant, about 8 miles southwest of Rhinelander, Wis., in T. 36 N., R. 8 E., sec. 

27, 8 miles below the mouth of Pelican River.

Records available. December 1, 1905, to December 31, 1911.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. M#de from downstream side of bridge to which gage 

is attached.

Winter flow. The winters are severe, but little, if any, ice forms at the gage.

Regulation. The natural flow of the stream is much modified by the operation of 

power plants and by storage above the station.

Accuracy. The fluctuations of tjie load on the turbines may affect discharge measurements, but it is thought that the records give the flow at the section accurately. As the station was last visited in July, 1908, estimates of discharge are

withheld until the discharge 

urements.

rating curve is checked by further discharge meas-
134 SUEFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1911, PART V,

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wisconsin River near Rhinelander, Wis.f for 1911. 

[Geo. N. Kramer, observer.]

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

IS...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20..............

21 ...............

22...............

23...............

24.. ..... ...

25...............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.3

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.6

2.4

2.0

2.5

2.5

2.4

9 ft

2.5

2.6

2.2

2.5

2.6

2.5

2.6

2.9

3.2

2.0

2.7

2.7

3.1

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.9

2.7

Feb.

2.6

2.3

2.3

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

3.1

3.1

2.6

2.7

2.0

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.7

2.7

2.1

2.6

2.8

2.7

2.9

3.1

3.1

2.7

2.9

2.8

Mar.

2.4

2.5

2

0

2.3

1.8

2.4

2.4

2.6

2.6

3.5

2.9

2

(\

2.6

3 A

2

K

2.8

1.9

9 S

9 O

2 Q

2.9

3.0

3

1

1 9

3.3

3 A

3.3

3.3

3.2

Apr.

3.3

3.0

3.1

9 0

2 s

2 s

2.8

2.9

1 9

3.1

3 1

3

c\

3 1

3.1

3

C\

1.9

3 (\

3 1

3 4

3

f\

3 9

3 A.

2.5

3.1

3 A

o 0

3.2

3 9

2.6

2.0

May.

2.5

2.3

2.9

2.4

2.5

2.4

1.6

2 2

2.2

2.1

2.5

2

0

2.3

2.2

2

0

2 ft

2 A

2.6

2.9

3

K

2 A

3 7

3.6

3.6

3 Q

3 Q

2.6

2 A

2.8

2.9

2.9

June.

2.9

3.1

3 A

1 9

2.7

2.7

2.9

2.9

2.7

2.9

1.8

2

R

2.5

2.3

9 Q

2.4

2.3

1 S

2.4

2 A

2.4

9 3

9 3

2.4

1 S

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.3

July.

2.2

1.9

2.1

1.8

2.7

3.1

3.4

3.0

1.7

3.1

? i

3

n

3.0

2.9

9 ft

1 Q

3 q

3.3

2.7

2 q

2.9

3 A

1 9

4.4

3.6

3 A

3.2

3 9

3.3

1.7

3.9

Aug.

3.4

3.9

3 7

3 7

3.7

2.5

3.7

3.7

3 7

3.8

3.7

3 7

1 9

3.8 3 d.

3.5

3 7

3.5

^ fi

2 1

3 Q

3 Q

3.8

3.6

3 Q

4.0

2.4

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.7

Sept.

3.4

3.1

2.2

2.4

3.7

3.7

3.4

3.4

3.4

2.1

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.4

3 A

2.0

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.5

? ?

3.3

2.1

3.3

3.3

3.4

3

K

3.5

3.4

Oct.

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.5

3.9

4.5

5.0

5.2

5.0

4.9

4

0

4.5

4.5

3.8

4.5

4.4

4.6

3.9

3.7

4 9

5.2

4.7

4.6

4.4

4.5

4.8

4.6

4.3

4.2

3.4

Nov.

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.0

2.7

3.2

3.2

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2 Q

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.5

2.7

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.4

2.6

2.7

2.9

2.6

2.8

2.6

2.5

Dec.

2.4

2.3

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.3

2.7

2.5

2.6

3.1

3.2

3.6

3.4

3.5

3.4

3.6

3.3

3.4

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.7

3.8

~3.6

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.3

NOTE. No ice reported by observer; relation of gage height to discharge probably not affected by ice. 

WISCONSIN RIVER AT MERRILL, WIS.

Location. At highway bridge at east end of Merrill, Wis., half a mile below the 

mouth of Prairie River.

Records available. November 17, 1902, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 2,630 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent; current swift.

Discharge measurements. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

Winter flow. Winters are severe, but the swift current prevents the river from 

freezing across at the gage. Relation between gage height and discharge is, 

however, affected by backwater, caused by ice at or below the gage.

Regulation. The flow is affected by operation of power plants above the station, 

and by storage.

Accuracy. During the logging season gage heights are affected by backwater, caused 

by log jams. The records are, however, reliable and accurate except as the gage 

readings may be affected by conditions above noted. As this station has not been 

visited since February, 1909, estimates of discharge are withheld until the discharge rating curve is checked by further discharge measurements.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wisconsin River at Merrill, Wis., for 1911. 

[A. F. Luck, observer.]

135

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

5. ..............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10. ..............

11..............

12. ..............

13..............

14..............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18. ..............

19...............

20. .............

21...............

22. .............

23. ..............

24. ............

25. ..............

26

VI. ..............

28. ..............

29...............

30. ..............

31. ..............

Jan.

4.1

4.15

4.2

4.4

4.65

4.35

4 9

4.05

3.65

4.2

4 1 >;

4.2

4 9>;

4.1

4.15

4.45

4.45

4.6

4.35

4.85

4.4

4.25

4.4

4.65

4.65

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.25

4.55

Feb.

4.3

4.2

4.35

4

C

4.1

3.75

4.5

4.5

4.25

4.8

4.65

4.35

4.1

4.25

4 7>;

4.7

4.55

4.5

4

AFL

4.4

4.2

4.2

4

O

4

AFL

4.35

4.45

4.3

Mar.

4.25

4.3

3.9

4.6

4.4

4.55

.4.35

4

C

4.05

4.1

4.6

4.45

4.6

4.9

4.75

4.65

5.2

5.15

4.6

4.6

5.05

5.8

5.9

5 Q

5.6

5.95

6.35

6.25

6.5

6.6

6.25

Apr.

6.4

6.25

5.9

5.55

5.45

5.3

5.0

5.25

5.2

5.35

5.9

6.25

6.35

6.55

6

OC

6.6

6.05

6.25

6

0

6.4

6.45

6.2

5.8

5

0

6.05

4.7

5.2

5.45

May.

4.5

4.45

4.65

5.05

5.2

5.25

4.4

4.35

4.85

5.35

5.25

4.65

4.85

4.6

4.5

5.75

5.8

5.65

5.65

6.6

6

QC

7.0

7.35

7.35

7.25

6.65

6.4

6.6

5.8

5.75

5.6

June.

5.5

5.4

5.0

4.9

6.25

6.3

6.25

5.45

5.25

5.45

4.85

4.7

4.55

4.4

4.25

4.3

4.1

4.0

3.55

4.0

4 AC

4 AC

4.05

4

f|E

3 QK

3.6

3.55

4.0

4.05

4.05

July.

3.95

3.9

3.65

3.5

3.4

4.0

4.7

4.6

3.6

4.45

4.4

4.55

4.2

4.4

4.35

4.0

4.0

4.15

5.05

4.85

4 <l

4.9

4.05

4

0

4.4

A Q

4 7*

4.75

4.75

4 tt

3.95

Aug.

5.55

5.7

5.75

5.15

4.85

4.8

4.95

5.0

5.15

5.4

5.25

5.35

5.35

5.4

4.7

4.75

4.65

4.3

4.65

4.0

4.15

4.8

5.2

5.1

4.9

5.0

4.9

5.15

4.8

4.3

4.55

Sept.

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.2

4.6

4.4

4.85

5.8

4.4

4.5

4.7

4.55

4.7

6.55

6.15

5.75

7.2

6.45

5.9

5.35

5.9

5.85

5.55

5 A

5.65

5.15

5.75

5.75

6.05

6.4

Oct.

6.75

6.4

6.90

7.85

7.7

10.85

11.1

10.15

9.1

8.5

7.5

7.5

7.2

7.15

6.95

7.65

8.95

8.95

9.3

8.45

8.0

7.5

7.35

7.2

7.2

7.35

6.35

6.2

6.15

6.35

Nov.

6.3

5.95

6.2

5.2

' 5.35

5.8

6.05

5.45

5.9

5.8

5.5

5.9

5.0

5.15

5.65

5.75

5.35

5.4

5.45

5.5

5.3

5.45

5.5

5.55

5.5

5

K

5.45

5.65

5.65

5.65

Dec.

5.55

5.55

5.45

5.1

5.45

5.35

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.75

6.4

6.7

7.0

7.0

6.85

6.45

«.45

6.2

5.95

6.15

6

0

6.1

6.1

>; Qf;

5.9

5.85

5.85

5.45

5.45

5.5

5.36

WISCONSIN RIVER NEAR NECEDAH, WIS.

Location. At the highway bridge about 3 miles east of Necedah, Wis., on the road 

from Necedah to Strongs P|airie, 5 miles above mouth of Big Roche a Cri Creek.

Records available. December 2, 1902, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. About 5,800 Square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Shifts during floods!

Discharge measurements. Made from bridge to which gage is attached.

Winter flow. Ice forms from 1 to 2 feet in thickness, lasts about three months, and 

modifies the relation between gage heights and discharge.

Accuracy. As the station was last visited in February, 1909, estimates of discharge 

are withheld from publication.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wisconsin River near Necedah, Wis., for 1911. 

[Michael Coughlin, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2. ..............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8.. .............

9...............

10...............

Jan.

6.0

5.7

Feb.

6.1

Mar.

,...:.|

6.0

Apr.

8.55

7.9

7.55

7.15

7.1

7.1

6.95

6.85

6.7

6.55

May.

6.2

6.3

6.55

6.45

6.35

6.35

6.5

6.8

6.4

5.8

June.

7.65

7.25

7.55

7.35

7.65

7.75

8.8

9.45

8.95

8.3

July.

5.2

5.2

5.4

5.45

5.0

5.1

4.9

4.75

4.9

5.1

Aug.

5.6

5.1

5.55

5.8

6.2

6.1

5.7

6.0

5.6

5.9

Sept.

5.45

5.4

5.0

5.0

4.5

4.95

4.75

5.0

5.1

5.4

Oct.

6.95

7.95

8.25

8.75

9.2

10.0

11.2

12.55

13.7

16.9

Nov.

8.3

8.1

7.95

7.45

7.35

8.35

7.25

7.35

7.5

7.7

Dec.

9.0

9.35

9.2

8.75

8.8

8.95

8.8

8.7

8.75

8.8
136 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PABT V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wisconsin River near Neceddh, Wis., for 1911 Continued.

Day.

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...........:...

18 ..............

19. ..............

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23. ..............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27. ..............

28...............

29. ..............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

5.8

5.8

6.25

Feb.

6.85

6.25

6

0

6.15

6.0

6.2

6.1

6.1

6.0

5.8

5.75

6.0

6.0

6.2

5.7

Mar.

5

0

5.0

5.4

5.45

5.9

6.3

6.5

6.45

6.2

6.4

6.15

6.2

6.2

7.0

7.4

8.15

a 95

a 1%

9.5

8.85

Apr.

7.0

6 45

6 0

7.2

7.55

Q A

*7 Q

8

f\

7.65

7.4

7 2

7.6 7 a

7 HH

7.6

7 IK

6.85

6.8

6.8

6.6

May.

6

0

6.3

6.35

6.55

6.5

6 9

7

<TK

8

*7^

8.45

8

1

7 OF

9 ^1

10.35

1A Q

11.0

1A fi

9

0

9.1

8 45

8

0

June.

7.7

7.4

7.25

6.6

6.55

6.3

6.15

6.25

6.0

6.35

5.75

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.55

5.45

5

7K

5 91

5.2

5.3

July.

5.3

5.0

4.85

5.2

5.4

5.4

5.1

5.45

5.0

5.35

K 9

5.25

5.15

5.0

5.35

4 9

5

Q

5.3

5.35

5.55

5.4

Aug.

5.75

5.8

5.95

5.7

6.1

5

<7

5.75

5.8

5.75

5.65

5.35

5.55

5.15

5.55

5.6

5.6

5.1

5.25

5.45

5.0

5.4

Sept.

5.1

5.75

5.45

5.45

5.15

5.45

6.0

7.1

7.3

7.3

7.1

6.65

6.7

6.51

6.7

6.85

6 05

6.75

6.9

7.1

Oct.

15.4

14.0

12.45

11.4

10.4

10.0

Q Q

10.5

12.1

13.6

13.85

12.9

11.85 in o

10.0

9 A

9.4

9.75

9.55

9.1

8.45

Nov.

7.8

8.0

8.2

8.0

7 Q

7.4

7.0

6.6

6.55

6.65

7.1

6.9

7.1

7.0

7.1

6.85

6.8

6.8

6.75

9.5

Dec.

7.0

7.5

8.4

9.35

10.45

10.6

10.0

9.2

8.8

8.55

8.0

7.7

7.6

7.8

7.3

7.1

7.5

7.7

8.4

8.6

8.9

NOTE. Eolation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 1 to Mar. 11. No ice 

reported by observer during November and December.

WAPSIPINICON RIVER AT STONE CITY, IOWA.

Location. At the highway bridge at Stone City, Iowa, .a short distance above the 

Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway bridge, about 4 miles above the mouth 

of Buffalo Creek.

Records available. August 19, 1903, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 1,310 square miles.

Gage. Chain; attached to bridge. On December 4, 1906, repairs to the bridge resulted in raising the gage box. Gage heights from that date to January 23, 1910, 

when the change was determined, have been corrected. Corrected gage heights 

for 1907, 1908, and 1909 were published in Water-Supply Paper 265.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from upstream side of the bridge.

Winter flow. The relation between gage height and discharge is affected by heavy 

ice during December, January, February, and a portion of March. Ice forms 

from 1 to 2 feet in thickness.

Cooperation. The gage heights at this station are furnished by Frank Dearborn.

Accuracy. Although only one measurement of discharge has been made since 1906,

that one bears out the assumption of permanency of regimen. 

The following discharge measurement was made by Follansbee and Kay: 

August 2, 1911: Gage height, 2.60 feet; discharge, 118 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa, for 1911. 

[Frank Dearborn, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4............... 

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

Jan.

2.34

Feb.

2.50

2.45

Mar.

4.02

3.95

3.00

3.78

3.70

3.60

3.60

3

4Q

3.35

Apr.

9 on

2 01

2.88

2.83 

3.00

3.05

3.02

3.05

^ nn

3.00

May.

3.05

3.10

3.18

3.15 

3.15

3 1 %

3.10

3.02

3 (VI

3.00

June.

3.68

3.55

3.90

4.10 

4.88

4 CO

4.40

3.92

3.60

3.42

July.

2.55

2.50

2.50

2.52

2.52

2

KO

2.50

2.48

9 AQ

2.70

Aug.

2.58

2.67

2.48

2.73 

2.65

2.60

2.78

2.62

3.82

4.58

Sept.

3.22

3.18

3.15

3.10 

3.10

3.08

3.05

3.25

3.18

2.96

Oct.

7.00

6.05

4.42

3.92 

3.75

3.68

3.73

3.85

3.88

3.88

Nov.

3.80

3.67

3.48

3.60 

3.52

3.50

3.55

3.58

3.65

4.15

Dec.

3.45

3.32

3.15

3.10 

3.10

3.32

3.45

3.60

3.82

4.10
TTPPEE MISSISSIPPI BIVEE BASINS. 137 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa, for 1911 Contd.

Day.

11...............

12...............

13...............

14. .............. if;

16. ..............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23... ............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.35

2.35

2.85

Feb.

9.05

11.00

10.90

13.33

10.30

8-10

6.75

5.20

4.65

4.65

4.80

4.70

4.58

4 40

4.15

Mar.

3.28

3.10

3.08

3.00

3.03

3.00

2.98

2 Qf;

2.92

2.90

2

QC

2 98

2.95

2.95

9 on

2.98

3.00

3.03

2.98

2.95

2

QC

Apr.

3.02

3.05

3.62

3.45

3.30

3.28

3.28

3.25

3.25

3.30

3.25

3.20

3.18

3.05

3.00

2.94

9 Q9

2.90

2.98

3.02

May.

2.98

2.95

2.92

3.10

3.32

3.25

3.18

3.12

3.05

3.10

3.60

3.80

4.00

3.88

4.12

3.85

3.55

3.48

3.42

3.99

3.80

June.

3.30

3.22

3.15

3.10

2.98

3.00

3.02

3.15

3.08

3.00

2.95

2.90

2.90

2.90

2.80

2.75

2.70

2.65

2.62

2.55

July.

2.58

2.50

2.50

2.48

2.45

2.45

2.40

2.37

2.35

2.38

2.33

2.28

2.28

2.50

2.32

2.28

2.26

2.25

2.38

2.45

2.55

Aug.

4.85

5.92

4.95

4.25

5.22

6.00

6.22

5.82

5.60

5.33

5.00

5.40

5.35

4.82

4.30

3.98

3.72

3.58

3.41

3.32

3.30

Sept.

2.98

3.05

3.13

3.08

2.97

2.88

2.94

2.90

3.15

2.98

2.95

2.95

2.92

3.05

2.98

2.95

2.95

2.92

3.05

3.40

Oct.

4.05

3.95

3.92

4.05

4.35

4.20

4.15

4.08

4.62

4.92

4.95

4.90

5.20

5.45

5.70

5.58

5.10

4.28

4.10

4.08

3.88

Nov.

4.22

4.80

5.25

5.10

4.85

4.60

4.45

4.12

3.25

3.25

3.40

3.65

3.72

3.54

3.30

3.50

3.85

3.70

3.65

3.60

Dec.

4.05

4.20

4.42

4.40

4.01

2.98

2.98

3.40

4.10

6.25

6.52

5.87

4.40

4.05

3.82

3.80

4.80

5.02

5.44

4.95

NOTE. Feb. 15, observer reported, "Ice breaking up; moved out 4 p. m." Gage heights Feb. 8, Nov. 

J to 30, and Dec. 26 to 30 are to top of ice. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan.

to Feb. IB. Nov. 13to!in and T)fir> 9Rtn31.

13 to 30, . . 

1 to Feb. 15, Nov. 13 to 30, and Dec. 26 to 31.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa, for 1911.

Day.

1... .......

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12. .........

13. .........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Feb.

5,430

8,220

4,890

3,190

2,290

1,350

1,050

1,060

1,130

1,080

1,010

920

795

Mar.

7QA

fiQ*.

670

610 f;sn

570

520

520

460

395

361

OQO

974

244

255

244

W!

226

216

209

226

237

226

226

226

237

244

255

9T7

226

226

Apr.

209

226.

203

. 187

244

263

9R9

263

244

252

263

530 441;

370

361

361

347

347

370

347

324

316

263

244

99O

216

209

237

252

May.

263

282

316

303

OAO

303

989

OK9

244

237

OOft

282

380

147

316

QQA

263

282

520

620

720

660

780

fidf;

4QI5

460

430

71 f\

620

June.

560

JQC

670

770

1,170

1,030

920

680

520

430

370

333

303

282

237

244

OKO

303

244

226

209

209

209

177

14ft

136

112

July.

112

101

101

105

105

105

101

97

97

148

101

101

97

Q9

Q9

09

77

74

79

70

62

62

101

68

fi9

fUJ

CO

Q9

112

Aug.

119

Q7

157

IQft

123

171

630

1,010

1,160

1,770

1.210

845

1,360

1,820

1,950

1,710

1,580

1,420

1,240

1,460

1,430

870

710

con

R1A

425

OQft

370

Sept.

333

316

OAO

282

282

274

263

347

316

230

237

263

one

274

234

203

OOQ

9fiQ

^ft3

907

99ft

91ft

263

937

99fi

226

91 ft

263

420

Oct.

2,450

1,850

930

680

w»

560 fiftf;

fi4H

660

660

745

fine

680

745

895

820

7ft e

760

1,030

1 200

1,210

1,180'

1,350

1,490

1,640

1,570

1 '860 300

770

760

660

Nov.

620

555

460

520

48fl

470

495

R1A

545

795

830

i i^n

Dec.

445

OCA

303

282

282

380

445

520

630

770

745

oon

QOfl

QOA

791;

9T7

9T7

420

770

1 970

2,140

1,740

920 741;

630

550

AKf\

OE/\

300

97fi

OKA

NOTE. High discharge Dec. 20,21, and 22 is not justified by climatologic records; the relation of gage 

height to discharge may have been affected by ice, but since there is no evidence of this other than the 

abnormally high discharge, the open channel rating curve has been applied. Discharge Nov. 13 to 30 and 

Dec. 26 to 31 estimated, because of ice, from daily gage heights, observer's notes, climatologic records, and 

discharge of adjacent drainage areas. Mean discharge Nov. 13 to 30 estimated 460 second-feet, varying 

from about 300 to 900 second-feet.
138 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Monthly discharge of Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa, for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,310 square miles.]

Month.

February 16--28. . ........................

March. . .................................

June. ...................................

July.....................................

December. . .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,220 

730 

530 

780 

1,170 

148 

1,950 

420 

2,450 

1,130

2,140

Minimum.

795 

209 

187 

216 

112 

58 

97 

203 

560

237

Mean.

2,490 

350 

287 

397 

393 

90.7 

860 

265 

993 

523 

663

Per

square 

mile.

1.90 

.267 

.219 

.303 

.300 

.069 

.656 

.202 

.758 

.399 

.506

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.92 

.31 

.24 

.35 

.33 

.08 

.76 

.23 

.87 

.45 

.58

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.

BOCK RIVER BELOW MOUTH OP PECATONICA RIVER, AT ROCKTON,

ILL.

Location. At highway bridge 1 mile below the dam and three-tourths mile below the

mouth of Pecatonica River. 

Records available.-June 28, 1903, to July 20, 1906; October 1, 1906, to March 31,

1909. (A discharge measurement was made May 13, 1903.) 

Drainage area. 6,290 square miles. 

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to the downstream side of the first span from

the left end of the bridge. Datum raised 1.0 foot October 1,1906, so that the gage

readings since that date are 1.0 foot less than they would have been by the former

datum. 

Channel. Practically permanent; bed composed of gravel and small rocks; broken

by four piers.

Discharge measurements. Made from upstream side of 5-span bridge. 

Floods. The highest recorded stage during the period when the gage was in opera

tion was 13.23 feet in 1904. No other records of floods are available. 

Winter flow. The winters in this vicinity are comparatively severe, ice forms on

the river but open places generally exist at the gage. Ice jams frequently form

below the station and cause backwater at the gage. 

Regulation. The dam and power plant above the station may modify the flow during

periods of low water. 

Diversions. A small amount of water is diverted around this station for one or two

small power plants. 

Accuracy. Since the amount of the change in datum on October 1, 1906, is only

approximately known, the estimates since that date are liable to some error.

It is believed, however, that errors from this cause are small. Data are published

in this report as recomputed for the 1911 report of the Rivers and Lakes Commission of the State of Illinois. Data were originally published in Water-Supply

Papers 98, 128, 171, 207, 245, and 265.
UPPEB MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASINS. 139

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rock River below mouth of Pecatonica River, at Rockton, III., for 1903-1909.

Day. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Day. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

1903.

1....

2....

3....

4....

5....

11....

12....

13....

14....

15....

2,100

2,250

2,710

4,040

3,700

3,530

3,530

3,360

2,870

3,360

3,700

4,400

5,970

5,760

4,770

4,770

4,770

4,770

4,770

4,770

4,770

4,770

4,770

4,770

4,580

3,870

3,190

3,190

3,030

3,530

5,350

5,150

4,960

4,770

4,580

4,400

3,870

3,870

4,580

4,770

5,150

5,550

5,150

6,620

7,300

4,040

3,870

4,040

3,700

4,040

4,040

5,970

9,020

7,540

6,840

6,620

5,970

5,760

5,350

5,350

3,030

3,190

3,190

3,030

3,030

2,870

2,710

2,250

2,400

2,250

2,550

2,710

3,190

3,530

3,360

2,400

2,550

2,400

2,400

2,550

2,400

2,250

2,250

2,400

2,250

2,400

2,250

1903.

16....

17....

18....

19....

20....

4,400

4,580

4,220

7,070

21....

22....

23....

21.... 

25....

1,960 1,"

2,400

9,520

11,300

12,000

11,500

10,800

8,520

5,760

5,760

4,770

4,960

4,960

4,040

5,150

4,960

4,220

3,870

3,700

3,530

3,530

3,700

3,530

3,360

3,870

4,400

5,150

5,760

5,350

5,350

9,020

7,300

6,620

6,180

5,760

5,350

4,580

4,400

4.220

4,580

4,400

4,220

5,150

4,580

4,770

4,580

4,580

4,220

4,220

3,870

3,870

3,700

3,530

3,360

3,360

3,030

3,360

3,190

2,400

2,870

2,710

2,870

2,710

2,710

2,550

2,550

2,100

3,030

2,400

2,710

2,710

Day. Mar. Apr. May. June. July. Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

27.

1904.

29...........

30...........

31...........

14,900

14,900

25,900

27,100

24,100

24,600

25,400

25,000

24,800

23,600

22,600

21,900

20,600

18,000

16,100

14,900

14,200

13,600

13,000

13,000

13,000

13,000

13,000

12,600

11,800

11,100

10,300

10,000

9,520

8,800

8,500

8,020

7,730

7,420

6,980

7,020

7,850

7,900

7,320

6,710

6,180

5,820

5,610

5,550

5,150

4,920

4,680

4,600

4,580

4,940

5,550

6,290

6,160

6,100

6,200

6,200

6,420

6,510

6,600

6,200

6,180

5,930

5,760

5,510

5,190

5,110

5,170

4,920

4,770 

4,400 4,310- 

4,200 

4,220

4,010

4,010

3,720

2,870

3,190

3,030

3,030

3,050

2,870

2,790

2,790

2,630

2,550

2,480

2,400

2,250

2,280

2,180

2,320

2,100

2,100

2,100

2,100

2,030

1,960

1,890

1,620

1,690

1,690

1,690

1,690

1,690

1,760

1,690

1,620

1,620

1,820

1,960

2,100

2,040

1,890

1,890

1,960

1,760

1,690

1,600

1,440

1,560

1,560

1,560

1,440

1,440

1,440

1,440

1,160

1,560

2,100

1,560

1,440

1,440

1,440

1,560

1,320

1,210

1,210

1,210

1,320

1,380

1,320

1,230

1,320

1,260

1,160

1,210

1,100

1,260

950

1,160

1,320

1,160

1,320

1,380

2,100

2,550

2,870

3,030

2,400

1,820

1,960

1,560

1,690

1,820

1,620

1,620

1,690

1,590

1,820

2,250

2,030

1,890

1,820

1,830

1,820

1,690

1,690

1,770

1,690

1,620

1,560

1,690

2,710

4,580

4,220

3,280

2,550

2,180

1,890

2,320

3,440

4,960

4,810

3,960

3,700

3,280

3,110

2,870

2,630

3,190

3,280

3,030

2,480

2,870

3,530

4,240

5,060

5,060

5,550

4,220

3,360

3,110

3,700

2,710

2,480

2,400

2,400

2,480

2,400

2,320

2,320

2,400

2,250

2,180

2,480

2,320

2,250

2,030

2,100

2,030

2,030

1,760

2,030

2,030

2,030

2,030

2,100

1,960

1,690

1,820

2,030

2,030

1,890

2,030

1,960

1,690

1,820

1,820

1,690

1,820

1,960

1,690

1,690

1,690

1,820

1,690

1,620

1,690

1,690

1,760

1,690

1,690

1,690

1,690

1,690

1,690

1,690

1,900

2,000

2,100

2,200

2,300

2,400

2,500

2,600

2,700

2,800
140 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rock River below mouth of Pecatonica River, at Rockton, 111., for 1903-1909 Continued.

Day.

1905. 

1...................

2.....-.--...---....

3....-....-.-...--..

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27. ..................

28.. .................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Day.

1906. 

1...........

2...........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

10...........

11........... 

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

16. .......... 

17...........

18...........

19...........

20. ..........

21........... 

22........... 

23........... 

24. .......... 

25...........

26........... 

27........... 

28...........

29........... 

30...........

31...........

Jan.

3,360 

2,790 

2,630 

4,400 

4,600

5,000 

5,400 

5,800 

6,200 

6,600

6,290 

4,580

3,700 

3,030

3,530

15,000 

12,100

11 800

12,300 

12,300

18,100 

17,800 

13,600 

15,800 

17,300

17,800 

16,900 

14,800 

13,500 

11,800 

9.140

Mar.

21,800

22,500 

22,500 

21,500 

21,500 

21,300 

20,800

Feb.

7,660 

6,620 

8,320 

7,660 

10,900

11,300 

8,400

........

 " " 

Apr.

19,300 

17,500 

16,300 

15,800 

15,000

14,800 

14,300 

13,500 

13,000 

12,500

12,000 

11,000 

10,300 

9,770 

9,020

8,520 

8,020 

7,300 

7,070 

6,400

7,070 

7,300 

6,840 

6,400 

5,970

5,550 

5,550 

5,450 

5,250 

4,770

Mar.

14,000 

16,000 

21,900 

21,000 

19,000

19,600 

18,600 

17,600 

17,100 

15,900

15,000 

11,000 

9,140 

9,520 

9,520

9,020 

9,640 

8,070 

7,320 

6,620

6,080 

5,150 

5,550 

5,350 

5,350

5,860 

14,600 

14,800 

15,860 

16,000 

15.900

May.

4,960 

4,770 

4,220 

4,220 

3,870

3,960 

3,870 

3,780 

3,530 

3,780

4,490 

8,520 

9,020 

10,000 

11,500

12,300 

11,300 

10,300 

9,770 

10,000

8,770 

8,020 

7,300 

6,840 

5,970

6,080 

5,970 

5,760 

5,760 

5,550 

5,550

Apr.

15,800 

15,100 

13,900 

11,500 

9,640

9,400 

9,270 

9,400 

10,600 

11,500

11,500 

10,100 

11,000 

10,000 

9,400

9,640 

9,140 

8,770 

8,400 

8,020

7,540 

7,420 

7,180 

6,620 

6,180

5,970 

5,660 

5,610 

5,550 

4,980

June.

5,150 

5,060 

4,960 

4,960 

5,150

6,620 

6,290 

6,400 

6,840 

7,300

7,070 

7,540 

7,540 

7,540 

7,300

7,300 

7,300 

7,540 

7,300 

6,840

7,070 

7,070 

7,300 

7,070 

6,620

5,970 

5,760 

5,660 

5,350 

4,960

May.

4,860 

4,860 

4,770 

4,770 

4,580

4,400 

4,490 

4,310 

4,220 

4,040

3,870 

3,870 

3,530 

3,700 

3,700

3,620 

3,190 

3,110 

2,870 

2,790

2,950 

2,710 

2,710 

2,710 

2,630

2,710 

3,030 

3,530 

3,190 

3,870 

3,700

July.

5,150 

5,150 

5,150 

4,770 

4,580

4,400 

4,580 

4,680 

4,490 

4,490

4,580 

4,680 

4,960 

4,960 

4,770

4,580 

4,040 

3,780 

3,440 

3,530

3,360 

3,190 

3,030 

3,030 

3,030

2,550 

2,550 

2,630 

3,030 

3,030 

2,7SO

June.

3,110

2,870 

2,550 

2,030 

2,550

2,550 

2,550 

2,550 

2,250 

2,250

2,180 

2,400 

2,250 

2,100 

2,100

2,100 

1,820 

1,820 

2,030 

1,890

2,400 

2,250 

2,400 

2,320 

2,250

2,480 

2,250 

2,100 

3,030 

3,360

Aug.

2,550 

2,480 

2,400 

2,320 

3,110

3,030 

2,870 

2,870 

2,480 

2,400

2,320 

2,250 

2,100 

2,550 

2,320

2,250 

2,400 

2,030 

2,260 

3,360

3,030 

2,480 

2,400 

2,400 

2,320

3,030 

3,030 

3,360 

3,360 

2,870 

2,630

July.

3,360 

3,190 

3,110 

2,950 

2,870

2,710 

2,630 

2,400 

2,400 

2,250

2,250 

2,100 

1,960 

2,030 

2,100

2,030 

2,100 

1,960 

1,820 

1,960

Sept.

2,550 

2,790 

4,310 

3,530 

3,700

- 3,620 

3,530 

3,530 

3,360 

3,360

3,530 

3,110 

2,950 

2,710 

2,710

2,550 

2,480 

2,710 

2,400 

2,180

2,100 

2,100 

2,100 

2,100 

1,820

2,100 

2,030 

1,960 

1,820 

1,890

Aug.

Oct.

1,820 

1,500 

1,690 

1,690 

1,620

1,690 

1,620 

1,560 

1,320 

1,440

1,440 

1,560 

1,500 

1,560 

1,500

1,500 

1,690 

2,100 

4,770 

5,150

4,580 

4,310 

3,870 

3,620 

3,530

3,440 

3,190 

3,190 

2,950 

2,950 

2,790

Sept.

Nov.

2,250 

2,250 

2,400 

2,250 

2,320

2,870 

2,710 

3,030 

3,030 

3,110

2,870 

2,550 

2,550 

2,870 

2,480

2,400 

2,400 

2,400 

2,400 

2,480

2,320 

2,400 

2,480 

2,400 

2,400

2,100 

2,100 

2,480 

3,110 

3,030

Oct.

1,560 

1,960 

1,820 

1,690 

1,560

1,500 

1,960 

1,620 

1,560 

1,440

1,560 

1,560 

1,560 

1,560 

1,440

1,380 

1,440 

1,440 

1,380 

1,440

1,760 

1,760 

1,820 

1,760 

1,820

1,890 

1,960 

2,100 

2,250 

2,250 

2,400

Dec.

3,700 

3,700 

2,870 

3,190 

3,030

3,110 

2,950 

2,950 

2,870 

2,870

3,030

2,790 

2,630 

2,790 

2,480

2,400 

2,480 

2,100 

2,320 

2,250

2,250 

2,250 

2,250 

2,320 

1,820

*2,320 

2,550 

2,250 

2,950 

5,760 

3,700

Nov.

2,100 

2,250 

1,960 

2,100 

2,030

2,180 

2,180 

2,100 

1,960 

1,960

1,960 

1,890 

2,030 

1,960 

1,960

1,820 

1,620 

1,820 

1,560 

1,820

1,820 

2,480 

2,790 

2,480 

2,550

3,530 

5,350 

6,400 

6,290 

5,860

Dec.

5,060

4,580 

4,310 

4,040 

3,870

4,400 

3,960 

3,280 

3,530 

3,530

3,440 

3,440 

3,360 

3,360 

3,360

2,870 

2,870 

2,870 

3,110 

3,190

2,870 

2,870 

2,870 

2,870 

2,100

3,700 

2,100 

2,100 

2,320 

2,030 

4,600
TJPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASINS. 141

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rock River below mouth of Pecatonica River, at Rockton, 111., for 1903-1909 Continued.

Day.

1907. 

1...........

2...........

3........... 

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

10...........

11..........*.

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

16...........

17...........

18...........

19........... 

20...........

21...........

22...........

23........... 

24...........

25...........

26...........

27...........

28...........

29...........

30...........

31...........

1908. 

1...........

2...........

3...........

4...........

5...........

6...........

7...........

8...........

9...........

10...........

11...........

12...........

13...........

14. ..........

15...........

16...........

17...........

18...........

19. ..........

20...........

21...........

22...........

23...........

24...........

25...........

26...........

27...........

28...........

29...........

30...........

31...........

Jan.

7,070

5,970

5, 760 

7.540

7,180

6,730

6,730

8,770

7,300

6,960

6,400

5,550

5,350

4,490

4,490

3,360

3,360

3,360

14,300 

16,500

8,270

........

2,250

2,790

2,630

3,030

2,870

2,710

2,710

3,030

2,870

2,400

2,400

2,870

2,400

2,630

2,550

2,870

2,480

2,710

2,320

1,960

Feb.

5,970

6,620 

6,840

7,300

7,540

9,020 

7,420

6,400

5,550

4,580

4,400

8,000

W vx\

12,700

10,900

9,100

7,300

7,350

7,700

8,720

8,550

7,980

9,410

7,540

5,820

9,970

9,770

10,300

12,400

Mar.

4,040

3,870

3,700 

3,700

3,700

3,960

3,700

3,530

3,360

3,360

3,360

3,360

3,870

3,700

5,550

5,150

4,960

4,960

4,860 

4,860

4,770

4,770

4,860 

5,250

5,350

5,250

5,550

6,400

9,520

10,600

11,600

11,500

11,100

11,300

10,900

14,800

15,300

15,500

15,400

15,800

15,500

14,800

14,100

12,800

10,600

10,300

9,900

9,770

9,470

8,770

8,140

7,780

7,420

7,070

6,960

6,440

6,620

9,900

10 400

10,200

Apr.

12,300

11,500

9,270 

8,520

Q AC\T\

8,140

8,020

8,770

9,640

9,520

8,900

8,270

8,020

7,660

7,300

6,840

6,840

6,840 

ft 9Qft

6,180

5,550

5,250 

5,350

5,350

4,580

4,580

4 680

5,110

9,520

8,770

8,140

7 Idfl

7 730

7,590

7,830

7,660

7,350

6,840

7,780

5,970

6,220

5,760

5,860

5,390

5,250

5,060

5,110

4,920

4,680

4,580

4,920

4 580

4,580

6,800

7,780

8,570

8,520

May.

5,550

5,550

5,060

4,580

4,400

4,220

4,220

4,220

3,530

3,700

3,360

3,030

2,550

3,030

2,870

3,030

3,110

2,870 

2,710

2,710

2,710

3,190

3,870

4,220

5,150

5,450

5,150

4,960

4,580

8,520

8,470

7 onn

7,970

8,270

8,570

9,020

9,140

8,640

8,400

8,020

8,640

10,900

10,100

9,770

10,100

11,400

n orm

11,400

11,000

10,500

10,000

8,770

8,270

7,660

7,070

7,900

8,220

R Ann

June.

4 580

4,040 

3,780

4,770

4,860

5,970

6,840

8,270

7,780

7,070

6

QAf\

6,620

6,400

S ftArt

S

ACfi

4,960

5,550

4

QAA

4,770

4,310

4,310 

4,220

4,400

A. 4QO

4,130

3,530

3,700

3,360

Q <y*fi

7,730 7 isn

6, 730

6,510

6,220

6,730

8,820

7,610

6,660

6,010

5,390

6 9Qn

7 qftft

5,760

5,150

4,770

4,310

4,130

4,580

7

KAf\

8,270

8,470

S oon

8 1/tn

6,140

4,580

3,870

3,280

July.

3,190

3,110

3,030 

2,870

5,760

5,350

4,960

4,580

4,860

4,770

3,960

7,300

7,070

6,960

5,970

5,060

A. Qfift

4,580

4,490 

4,130

3,870

5,150

7,780 

8,520

10,300

11,100

11,000

9,770

9,020

5,860

3,110

3,160

3,360

4,260

5,250

4,920

4,360

3,960

3,560

3,360

2,900

2,710

3,060

2

oeft

2,870

2,950

3,160

5

1 eft

6,080

6,400

5,310

3,160

2 S7H

2,680

2,630

2,550

2 .inn

2,100

2,070

2,130

Aug.

4,960

4,580

4,310

4,220

4,220

3,870

3 7nn

3,530

3,780

3,700

3,440

3,190

3, HO

3,030

2,870

2,870

3,700

5,550

4,960

4 Qfifl

A Qfin

4 Qfi(\

5,060 

4,860

4,220

3,700

3,700

3,620

3,280

3,280

3,190

2,070

2,030

1 960 i'(«n

1,720

1,850

1,820

1,760

1,620

1,560

1,590

1,720

1,850

1 oon

2,480

2,280

2,070

1,960

1,990

1,790

1,660

1 son

1,560

1,660

1 Ufl

1,500

1 7on

1 PUn

1,690

1,500

Sept.

3,030

2,950

3,030

2,870

2,710

2,550

2,480

2,320

2,550

2 Ann

2,550

2 480

2,320

2,180

1,760

2,030

3,780

5,760 

7 onn

9 fi<irt

9,900

9,900 

8,520

5,970

4,860

4,400

5,150

7,780

8,520

1 540

1^620

1 540

1 ZRf\

1 KAft

1,620

1,420

1,560

1,560

1,440

1,440

1,500

1 380

1,620

1,440

1,590

1 enfi

1,420

1 qort

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,380

i Mn

1,380

1 460

1 ' 440

Oct.

9,270

9,400

8,140 

7,070

6,730

6,290

S

een

5,350

4,960

4,580

4,310

4,310

4,220

3,870

3,780

3,870

3,700

3,620

5,620 

3,700

3,360

3,190

3,030 

2,870

2,870

2,870

2,710

2,870

2,710

2,710

2,710

i i/in

1,440 i AM\

1,380

1,420

1,380

1 44n

1,420

1,420

1,590

1,500

1,500

1,380

1,540

1,460

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,440

1 enfi

1,590

1 540 lUeo

1 660

1^620

1,590

1,660

1 660

1^720

1 660

1,690

Nov.

2,790

2,630

2,480 

2,630

2,870

2,630

2,480

2,480

2,320

2,250

2,400

2,400

2,030

2,400

2 9^0

2,180

2,250

2,180 

2,250

9 iflfl

2,870

2,870 

3,360

3,360

3,030

2,870

2,870

3,030

3,030

1,690

1,560

1 ecft

1,620

i win

i ion

1 fifin

1,380

1,500

1,560

1,540

1 ttfirt

1,560

1,460

1,500

i wi

1,320 i z.<if\

1,560

1 CJA

1,590

1,620

1 790

2^070

2,370

2 99fl

2,370

2

O7A

2,100

2,400

Dec.

......

o inn

1,890

1,560

1 QftA

1,890

1,620

1,960

2,100

2,100

2,180

2,030

2,100 i QAn

1,760

1,890

1,890

1,960

2,130

2 480

2 7Qft

2,630

2,480

2,480

2

OOA

2,320

a

ftOfl

1,760 i son

2 030

2,030

2

1Qf|
142 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Rock River below mouth o/Pecatonica River, at Rockton, III., for 1903-1909 Continued.

Day.

1909. 

1.. ..........

2............

3............

4............

5............

6............

7............

8............

9............

10............

Jan.

2,480 

2,520 

1,890 

1,690 

1,890

Feb.

6,520 

6,1^0 

4,860 

4,960 

6,730

9,900

8,770 

9,140 

8,640 

6,140

Mar.

11,600 

11,000 

10,000 

8,720 

8,570

8,820 

9,020 

9,400 

10,100 

12,000

Day.

1909. 

11............

12............

1 3

15............

16............

17............

18............

1Q

20............

Jan. Feb.

6,010 

6,840 

6,290 

5,350

Mar.

12,200 

12,200 

11,500 

9,520 

6,960

6,220 

5,450 

5,510 

5,550 

5,660

Day.

1909. 

21............

22............

93

24.........:..

25............

26............

27............

28............

29............ 

30............ 

31............

Jan.

9,400 

10,400 

11,100 

11,400 

7,180 

6,850

Feb.

4,040 

8,220 

10,900 

13,700 

11,800

12,600 

13,000 

12,600

Mar.

6,180 

7,540 

8,270 

8,770 

9,270

8,770 

8,520 

7,900 

7,300 

6,890 

6,730

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from two rating curves well denned between 1,800 and 9,000 secondfeet and fairly well defined above 9,000 second-feet.

Discharge estimated from climatologic and other data, because of ice, as follows:

1903: Dec. 13-18, mean discharge estimated 1,800 second-feet; Dec. 19-25, mean discharge estimated 2,200 

second-feet; Dec. 26-31, mean discharge estimated 2,000 second-feet.

1904: Jan. 1 to 31, mean discharge estimated 1,560 second-feet, varying from about 1,400 to 2,000 secondfeet; Feb. 1 to 29, mean discharge estimated 1,630 second-feet, varying from about 1,400 to 2,000 second-feet; 

Mar. 1 to 19, mean discharge estimated abont 8,800 second-feet, varying from about 1,600 to 15,000 secondfeet; Dec. 13 to 31, mean discharge estimated about 1,950 second-feet, varying from about 1,500 to 2,800 

second-feet.

1905: Jan. 1 to 31, mean discharge estimated 2,170 second-feet, varying from about 1,800 to 2,800 secondfeet; Feb. 1. to 28, mean discharge estimated 1,780 second-feet, varying from about 1,600 to 2,500 second-feet; 

Mar. 1 to 24, mean discharge estimated about 10,100 second-feet, varying from about 3,000 to 21,000 secondfeet.

1906: Jan. 5 to 10 and Mar. 1 and 2, as listed; Feb. 8 to 28, mean discharge estimated about 10,300 secondfeet, varying from about 5,200 to 18,600 second-feet.

1907: Jan. 22 to 28, mean discharge estimated 7,000 second-feet.

1908: Jan. 22 to 31, mean discharge estimated about 1,720 second-feet, varying from about 1,500 to 2,000 

second-feet; Feb. 1 to 11, mean discharge estimated about 2,170 second-feet, varying from about 1,500 to 

3,000 second-feet; Feb. 12 to 23, as listed.

1909: Jan. 6 to 13, mean discharge estimated 1,400 second-feet; Jan. 14 to 20, mean discharge estimated 

1,900 second-feet; Jan. 21 to 23, mean discharge estimated 3,030 second-feet; Jan. 23 to 25, mean discharge 

estimated 9,000 second-feet; Feb. 15 to 20, mean discharge estimated 4,500 second-feet.

Discharge interpolated Aug. 2 to 8,1903, Nov. 9,1904, Jan. 31 and Feb. 1,1909. Gage was not read Jan. 29 

to Mar. 17, nor during December, 1907.

Monthly discharge of Rock River below mouth of Pecatonica River, at Rockton, III.,

for 1903-1909.

[Drainage area, 6,290 square miles.J

Month.

1903. 

July...........................................

August ........................................

December. ....................................

1904.

March. ........................................

April..........................................

May....... ...

July...........................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

12,000 

* 5,760 

9,020 

9,020 

3,530 

2,550

27,100

20,600 

6,600 

4,010 

2,100 

3,030 

4,960 

5,550 

2,320

27,100

Minimum.

2,100 

3,030 

3,870 

3,030 

2,100

5,860 

4,200 

1,620 

1,160 

950 

1,560 

2,180 

1,690

950

Mean.

5,630 

4,270 

5,600 

4,830 

2,820 

2,150

1,560 

1,630 

1,430 

10,800 

5,420 

2,510 

1,650 

1,550 

2,420 

3,130 

2,930 

2,790

4,070

Per 

square 

mile.

0.910 

.690 

.905 

.780 

.455 

.347

.252 

.263 

.231 

1.74 

.876 

.405 

.266 

.250 

.229 

.506 

.473 

.451

.646

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.05 

.80 

1.01 

.90 

.51 

.40

.29 

.28 

.27 

1.94 

1.01 

.45 

.31 

.29 

.26 

.58 

.53 

.52

6.73
UPPEB MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASINS. 143

Monthly discharge of Rock River below mouth of Pecatonica River, at Rockton, III., 

for 1908-1909 Continued.

Month.

1905.

March .........................................

April ..........................................

July...........................................

The year. ...............................

1906.

February. .....................................

April. . ........................................

July 1-20. .....................................

December. ...................'.................

The period ..............................

1907. 

Jan. 1-28..... . .................................

Feb. 18-28.....................................

March.........................................

April ..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

October. ......................................

1908.

February. .....................................

March .........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

June. ................. ....... . .......

July...........................................

October. ......................................

December. ....................................

The year. ...............................

1909.

March. . .......................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

22,500

19,300 

12,300 

7,540 

5,150 

3,360 

4,310 

5,150 

3,110 

5,760

22,500

18,100

21,900 

15,800 

4,860 

3,360 

3,360 

2,400 

6,400 

5,060

21,900

9,020 

10,600 

12,300 

5,760 

8,270 

11,100 

5,550 

9,900 

9,400 

3,360

3,030

15,800 

10,400 

11,900 

8,900 

6,400 

2,480 

1,620 

1,720 

2,400 

2,790

15,800

11,100

13,700

12,200

Minimum.

4,770 

3,530 

4,960 

2,550 

2,030 

1,820 

1,320 

2,100 

1,820

1,320

' 2,630

5,150 

4,980 

2,630 

1,820 

1,820 

' 1,380 

1,560 

2,030

3,360 

4,400 

3,360 

4,580 

2,550 

3,360 

2,870 

2,870 

1,760 

2,710 

2,030

1,760

6,440 

4,580 

7,070 

3,280 

2,070 

1,500 

1,380 

1,380 

1,380 

1,560

1,380

5,450

Mean.

2,170 

1,780 

12,700 

10,100 

6,760 

6,490 

3,970 

2,620 

2,720 

2,570 

2,550 

2,800

4,780

9,620 

9,900 

12,500 

9, 160 

3,660 

2,360 

2,410 

1,720 

2,630 

3,320

5,820

6,940 

6,510 

4,820 

7,420 

4,030 

5,230 

5,960 

3,980 

4,490 

4,460 

2,600

5,030

2,330 

6,620 

10,900 

6,720 

9,100 

6,410 

3,530 

1,810 

1,470 

1,510 

1,720 

2,110

4,520

4,010 

7,520 

8,590

Per 

square 

mile.

0.346 

.283 

2.02 

1.61 . 

1.07 

1.03 

.631 

.416 

.432 

.408 

.405 

.445

.760

1.53 

1.57 

1.99 

1.46

.582 

.375 

.383 

.273 

.418 

.528

.924

1.10 

1.04 

.766 

1.18 

.640 

.832 

.948 

.632 

.714 

.708 

.413

.800

.370 

1.05 

1.73

1.07 

1.45 

1.02 

.561 

.288 

.236 

.240 

.273 

.335

.717

.638 

1.20 

1.37

Kun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.40 

.30 

2.33 

1.80 

1.23 

1.15 

.73 

.48 

.48 

.47 

.45 

.51

10.33

1.76 

1.64 

2.29 

1.63 

.67 

.42 

.28 

.31 

.47 

.61

10.08

1.15 

.43 

.88 

1.32 

.74 

.93 

1.09 

.73 

.80 

.82 

.46

9.35

.43 

1.13 

1.99 

1.19 

1.67 

1.14 

.65 

.33 

.26 

.28 

.30 

.39

9.76

.74 

1.25 

1.58

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily discharge.
144 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

IOWA RIVER BASIN. 

IOWA EIVER NEAR IOWA FALLS, IOWA.

Location. About 1 mile above Iowa Falls and 2 miles below the Northwestern 

Railway bridge.

Records available. August 5, 1911, to December 31, 1911.

Gage. Vertical staff fastened to a maple tree on the north bank of the river.

Channel. Rock bottom; permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made at low water by wading in the vicinity of the 

gage; at high stages made from bridge.

Winter flow. Affected by ice.

Regulation. There is a dam 7 miles above the gage at Alden, which is used occasionally. It is thought that the flow at the gage is natural.

The following discharge was estimated by Follansbee and Kay: 

August 4, 1911: Gage height, 0.50 foot; discharge, 16 second-feet. The velocity 

was determined by floats.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Iowa River near Iowa Falls, Iowa, for 1911. 

[Albert Kulas, observer.]

Day.

l.......

3.......

4.......

5.......

6.......

7.......

9.......

10. ......

11.......

12.......

13.......

14. ......

15.......

Aug.

0.50

.49

.48

.49

.50

.58

.68

.70

.60

.60

.58

Sept.

0.40

.42

.44

.40

.46

.49

.46

.46

.46

.56

.69

.52

.68

.49

.65

Oct.

0.70

.65

.66

.68

.68

.68

.68

.58

.74

.65

.66

.58

.72

.71

.50

Nov.

0.52

.50

.50

.55

in

.70

.55

.70

.56

79

.75

.65

84

.72

.62

Dec.

0.70

.75

.75

.85

.74

.78

.78

.79

.76

1.00

.99

.85

.95

.99

.92

Day.

16.......

17.......

18.......

19.......

20.......

21.......

22.......

23

24.......

25.......

26. ......

27. ......

28. -.--..

29.......

30

31.......

Aug.

0.59

54

.55

.50

.50

.54

.52

.50

.52

.49

.54

.48

.50

.46

.40

.40

Sept.

0.50

.52

.60

.64

.50

.61

.50

.52

.52

.65

.50

.61

.50

.65

.51

Oct.

0.75

.78

.62

.68

.65

.58

.58

.72

.70

is

.74

.58

79

.58

.68

.60

Nov.

0.60

.88

.56

.68

.71

.65

.90

.55

.68

.70

.75

.75

.71

.72

78

Dec.

0.90

OQ

.94

.85

as

.91

.90

.86

.85

.92

.88

.86

Si

.85

.90

NOTE. On Nov. 12 the observer reported, "River froze over last night."

CEDAR RIVER NEAR AUSTIN, MINN.

Location. Just below the dam of the Red Cedar Mill, 2 miles below Austin, in 

sec. 15, T. 102 N., R. 18 W.

Records available. May 29, 1909, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 425 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged since established.

Channel. Somewhat shifting.

Discharge measurements. Made from a bridge a short distance below the gage.

Winter flow. The relation between gage height and discharge is little affected 

by ice, as the gage is near the tailrace of the mill where the river remains open 

through most of the winter.

Regulation. Immediately above the station is the water-power plant known as 

Red Cedar Mill. During the low-water season the water is drawn down below 

the crest of the dam by the end of the 10 or 12 hour run, and after the turbine 

is closed the water is held back for several hours before it has risen sufficiently 

to flow over the crest. Consequently the stage of the river changes consider-
UPPEB MISSISSIPPI BIVEE BASINS. 145

ably during each 24 hours. In order to get a mean gage height the gage is read 

five times daily, as follows: Before the turbine is started in the morning, one 

hour after starting, at noon, just before shutting down at night, and one-half 

hour later.

Accuracy. During the summer of 1911 grass grew in the channel to such an extent 

that it caused backwater in varying amount at the gage, as shown by discharge 

measuremente. Therefore the low-water records of 1911 can not be considered 

better than fair.

Discharge measurements of Cedar River near Austin, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

Apr. 1

May 27

Aug. 12

19

Oct. 17

Dec. 12

Hydrographer.

0. R. Adams............................... .............................

S. B . Soul6 ...............................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

&,

Feet. 

4.41

4.41

4.98

4.64

4.63

11.73

6.36

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

87.9

102

«106

688.6

c!05

3,970

803

a Measurement made by wading. Grass and moss in channel. 

6 Measurement made by wading. River nearly clear of grass. 

c Measurement made by wading.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cedar River near Austin, Minn., for 1911. 

[3. C. King, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2. ..............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6. ..............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14. ..............

15. ..............

16. ..............

17...............

18...............

20. ...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

26...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

11

Jan.

«3.58

4.29

4.41

4.42

4.21

3.97

3.94

03.91

«3.87

4.12

4.11

4.01

4.00

4.07

4.12

4.03

3

QC

3.95

4.04

o3.45

4.08

4.04

3.98

4.00

4.03

4.02

"3.52

4.09

4.02

Feb.

3 OS

4.10

4.00

4.03

4.15

4.00

4.00

4.08

o3.58

3.98

5 41

6.68

6.18

6.13

5.96

5.17

4.99

4.65

4.44

4.44

4.28

4.32

4.20

Mar.

4.28

4.20

4.18

4.14

«3.97

4 Ifi

£20

4.26

4.26

4.10

o4.ll

4.30

4.13

4.06

4.07

4.12

o3.86

4.14

4.14

4.08

4.04

4.02

3.91

»3.38

4.08

4.10

4.04

3 00

Apr.

o3.58

4.05

4.04

4.16

4.12

4.11

4.14

o3.89

4.18

4.,07

4.19

4.34

4.36

4.32

o4.13

4.25

418

4.12

4.12

4.12

4.09

o3.83

4.16

4.07

4.02

4.06

4.05

4.06

03.81

May.

4.21

4.16

4.12

4.07

4.05

4.07

o3.80

4.15

4.08

4.02

4.04

4.00

4.03

o3.77

4.08

4.08

4.06

4.03

a ru

4.14

o4.32

5.10

4.98

4.69

4.50

4.28

4.22

04.00

4.20

o3.95

4.26

June.

4.39

4.74

4.56

04.57

4.66

4.38

4.25

4.20

4.17

4.16

o3.90

4.09

4.21

4.12

4.09

4.14

4.18

o3.91

4. 10

4.18

4.14

a IQ

4.15

4.19

a 3. 95

4.28

4.18

4.12

4.08

4.09

July.

4.11

03.50

4.20

o3.59

4.21

4.22

o3.71

4.24

o3.72

4.36

4.15

4.28

4.19

4.28

3.86

4.34

4.22

4.30

o3.74

4.32

o3.75

4.14

4.17

4.20

4.37

4.23

4.20

o3.76

4.32

Aug.

A 14

4.32

4.28

4.32

4.23

04.01

4.61

4.56

4.59

4.94

4.91

4.68

8.75

610. 59

6.61

5.44

4.97

4.71

4.27

4.60

4.70

4.58

4.36

o3.52

4.32

o3.56

4.35

4.32

4.32

4.04

Sept.

4.29

4.20

o3.48

4.33

o3.49

4.33

4.45

o3.44

03.50

o3.56

4.39

4.12

4.06

o3.49

03.50

4.34

o3.51

4.31

4.33

03.52

4.33

o3.61

o3.73

4.50

4.42

o3.52

o3.54

o3.56

4.34

Oct.

3.52

4.28

4.23

4.70

4.70

6.16

6.92

6.00

5.34

5.01

4.77

4.60

4.61

4.68

5.17

clO.44

11.58

8.00

6.65

6.08

5.48

5.20

5.09

5.02

5.00

4.97

4.94

4.82

4.71

4.69

4.81

Nov.

4.91

4.86

4.23

4.76

3.96

4.62

4.80

4.80

4.79

4.72

4.84

3.95

4.71

4.60

4.77

4.46

4.31

4.45

4.01

4.43

4 23

4.27

4.85

3.68

4.14

3.66

4.43

3.66

3.60

3.62

Dec.

4.44

3.60

3.60

4.30

3.60

3.63

4.31

4.52

4.67

5.88

8.00

6.30

5.57

5.14

5.09

4.72

4.42

4.66

4.58

4.47

4.30

4.36

4.38

4.11

4.25

4.42

4.33

4.27

4.26

4.27

3.98

a Turbines closed all day.

Z> Maximum stage recorded during day 10.95 feet.

<; Maximum stage recorded during day 13.68 feet.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably not affected by ice during 1911. 

70057° WSP 305 13 10
146 SUBFAGE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cedar River near Austin, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6.. .............

7. ..............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23..........1 .....

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

7

77

75

70

66

39

36

33

29

55

54

43

42

50

0

55

46

45

4rt

37

46

0

51

4fi

40

At) a44

2

52

44

Feb.

40

53

42

45

1

59

42

42

44

0

51

7

40

380

965

715

685

640

290

223

142

98

98

98

75

52

81

65

Mar.

75

65

63

58

39

65

63

65

73

73

53

54

78

68

57

49

50

55

28

58

58

51

46

44

33

0

51

49

53

4fi

41

Apr.

44

7

48

46

60

55

u

58

Ql

63

f;n

64

84

86

81

57

72

63

55

55

55

52

26

60

50

44

47

47

48

24

May.

66

60

55

50

48

50

23

59

51

44

46

42

45

21

51

51

49

45

46

58

81

260

217

145

107

75

68

39

61

34

69

June.

105

141

108

110

126

79

59

52

4Q

47

22

37

50

41

38

42

44

10

45

43

37

41

38

41

20

51

41

35

31

32

July.

30

0

38

0

39

' 885

39

5

52

26

39

30

1

38

3

38

29

0

34

1

36

1

20

22

22

37

25

22

0

32

Aug.

32

31

27

30

22

5

56

51

54

105

98

63

2,000

3,200

835

330

159

1(14

60

41

84

101

82

50

5

45

5

49

45

45

22

Sept.

47

38

6

46

6

46

61

5

5

8

67

35

29

6

6

61

6

57

58

7

58

6

8

11

84

71

8

8

8

66

Oct.

8

61

55

132

132

637

1,010

565

315

212

148

111

113

128

261

3,180

3,880

1,680

951

669

416

318

283

261

254

245

236

201

171

165

198

Nov.

227

212

73

184

45

148

195

195

192

173

206

44

171

144

187

113

86

111

49

107

73

79

209

28

62

26

107

26

24

25

Dec.

109

24

24

85

24

25

86

126

160

578

1 fisn

774

451

299

283

173

105

158

139

115

84

94

98

59

76

105

89

79

78

7Q

46

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from a fairly well defined rating curve that was applied indirectly 

because of shift.

Monthly discharge of Cedar River near Austin, Minn.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 425 square miles.J

Month.

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

December. .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

77 

965 

78 

86 

260 

141 

52 

3,200 

84 

3,880 

227 

1,680

3,880

Minimum.

0 

0 

0 

7 

21 

19 

0 

5 

5 

8 

24 

24

0

Mean.

42.3 

181 

53.6 

52.9 

68.3 

54.1 

22.6 

253 

30.9 

548 

117 

203

136

Per 

square 

mile.

0.100 

.426 

.126 

.124 

.161 

.127 

.053 

.595 

.073 

1.29 

.275 

.478

.320

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.12 

.44 

.15 

.14 

.19 

.14 

.06 

.69 

.08 

1.49 

.31 

.55

4.36

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.

CEDAR RIVER AT CEDAR RAPIDS, IOWA.

Location. In the central part of Cedar Rapids, below the dam and between the electric railroad bridge and the Seventh Avenue combination railroad and foot bridge. 

Records available. October 26, 1902, to December 31, 1911. 

Drainage area. 6,320 square miles.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI BIVEB BASINS. 147

Gage. An inclined staff gage reading from 0 to 15 feet, fastened to posts driven in 

the right bank of the river in the rear of the Iowa Windmill & Pump Co.'s plant.

Channel. Rock and gravel; clean of vegetation and nearly permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the upstream side of the First Avenue 

bridge.

Regulation. A dam and power plant above the station may modify the flow to 

some extent during low stage of the river.

Winter flow. The gage is located where the current is swift and ice seldom forms 

across the river for the entire width. The relation therefore between the gage 

and the discharge is affected only slightly by ice.

Accuracy. On August 1, 1911, it was found by levels that the gage had been raised, 

presumably by frost, so that footmarks from 8 to 15 feet are from 0.05 to 0.14 foot 

too high, the maximum error being at 15 feet. The gage was not changed and no 

corrections have been applied to published gage heights on this account. It will 

be noted that there are only four days between April 1, 1909, and December 31, 

1911, upon which the gage height is greater than 8 feet, so that the effect of the 

error in gage upon the accuracy of the records is negligible.

On August 1,1911, it was discovered that the gage observer was making a mistake 

of 1 foot in his readings, recording them too low by that amount. He stated that 

 the error was made during the high water of 1911. As a result of the discharge 

comparison noted below it is believed that the observer's statement was in error 

and that his mistake of 1 foot began with the high water of 1910 rather than 

with that of 1911. Although the date of beginning this correction is by no 

means definite, gage heights in the following tables are 1 foot greater than reported 

by the observer from March 14, 1910, to July 31, 1911. The daily discharge has 

been computed from corrected gage heights. The period of correction was 

decided upon after a comparison of the flow of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids 

and Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa, from September, 1903, to December, 1911. Although the comparisons indicate that the estimates of discharge 

for this period are good, the estimates should be used with caution, because the 

correction applied to the observedigage heights causes changes amounting to 

several hundred per cent in the estimates of discharge at low water. *

The discharge measurement of August 1,1911, agrees well with measurements in 

previous years, and the discharge rating curve is well defined between 600 and 

34,000 second-feet. The records from August 1 to December 31,1911, are considered accurate and reliable.

The following discharge measurement was made by Follansbee and Kay: 

August 1, 1911: Gage height, 2.78 feet; discharge, 645 second-feet.

Daily gage fieight, in feet, of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for 1909-1911.

Day.

1909. 

1. ..........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11 ...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

IS...........................

Apr.

7.2

6.8

6.2

6.2

6.1

6.2

6.2

6.0

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.4

May.

6.3

6.5

6.8

6.3

5.8

5.5

5.3

5.1

4.9

4.7

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.2

5.5

June.

4.2

4.4

4.5

4.6

4.6

4.8

4.8

4.9

5.2

5.4

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.0

4.7

July.

5.8

5.6

5.3

5.2

5.0

d a

4.7

4.6

4.4

4.4

4.4

4

0

4.4

4.4

4.3

Aug.

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.3

3

0

3.4

3 4

3.4

Sept.

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.4

Oct.

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.1

Nov.

2.9

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.5

3.6

3.8

3.8

Dec.

6.7

7.4

7.2

6.6

6.2

6.4

5.8

5.4

5.3

7.5

8.3

8.3

7.8

7.4

5.9
148 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for 1909-1911 Coatd.

Day

1909 

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21

22..............

23..............

24..............

25..............

26..............

97

00

9Q

Q1

Day.

1910. 

1. ..............

5...............

6............... 

7...............

8............... 

g

10-..........-.-.

11...............

12...............

13...............

14............... 

15...............

16................ IT.....::........ is...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23.. ............ -

24...............

25...............

26...............

27............... 

28............... 

29...............

30...............

01

1911. 

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9............... 

10...............

11............... 

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

Jan.

4.2

3.9

3.7

3.9

4.2

4.3

4.3

'4.3

2.5

2.6

2.8

2.6

2.3

9 A

Feb.

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.9

4.0

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.6

2.7

2.8

2.8

3.0 ""i'i"

"'i's'

3.4

5.9

5.7

A.pr.

5.5

5.4

5.6

5.8

6.1

6.9

7.4

6.8

6.3

5.9

5.7

5.7

5.3

6.9

6.4

Mar.

3.9

4.3

4.6

5.7 

6.0

5.8 

5.5

5.6

5.8

7.6

8.6

9.5 

8.6

8.2

7.9

7.5

7.1

6.5

6.0

5.6

5.7

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.1 

4.9 

4.8

4.6

4.5

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.8

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.6

3.4 

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

May.

6.7

5.2

5.4

5.6

5.5

5.3

5.1

4.9

4.6

4.6

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.2

Apr.

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.4

4.6 

4.4

4.2 

4.2

4.0

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.9 

4.1

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.7

3.8

3.8

3.7 

3.7 

3.7

3.8

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0 

3.0

3.0 

3.0

3.1

3

0

3.2

June.

4.6

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.4

4.5

4.8

5.4

5.2

5.3

5.6

May.

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.5 '3.5

3.5 

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3 

3.3

3.3V

3.5

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.8

3.7

3.6 

3.5 

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2 

3.1

3.0 

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.2

July

4.:

4.

4.(

3.!

3.f

3.f 3.'

3.'

3.<

3.<

3.<

3 (

3.<

3..

3..

June.

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.3 

3.3

3.3 

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2 

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0 

3.1

3 1

3.1

3.6

3.6

4.1

A Q

4.1

4.0

3 0

3.8

3.6 

3.6

3.4 

3.3

3.3

3

0

3.2

Auj

2 3

I 3

) 4

) 4

5 4

5 4

r 4.

1 4

5 3.

5 3

5 3

5 3

5 3

5 3

5 3

5 3

July.

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0 

3.0

3.0 

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9 

2.9

9 Q

2

Q

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8 

2.8

2

0

2

0

2

O

2.8

9 R

9 R

9 7

2.7

9 7

2 7

2.7

2.7

2 7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2

f>

2.6

'. Be]

2 ; 4 ; 6 ;

2 ;

i 

o ;

s ;

7 ;

6 ;

5 ;

5 ; 4 ;

4 ....

Aug.

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8 

2.8

2.7 

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6 

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.8

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8 

2.9 

9 O

2.8

2

0

2 0

9 R

9 Q

9 Q

2.8

9 R

2.8

2.8

2.8

4

0

3

0 

. o 

30

4.1

3 7

3.8

)t. O

J.4

J.6

J.8

J.9

J.8

J.6

J.6

J.5

J.4

J.4

J.4

J

q

J. 2

3.2

J.2

Sept.

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8 

2.8

2.8 

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.7 

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

9 a

2.8

2.8

2.8

2 9

3.4

3.3

3.2 

3.0 

2.9

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

9 Q

9 Q

3.0

3.0

3 A

2.9

2 Q

3

0

3 1

3.0

Ct.

3 1

3 n

3 n

3.1

3

0

3 ?.

3

0

3 1

3.1

3,1

3.0

3

n

3 0

3,0

3.0

3.0

Oe

2

a

2

2

2. 

2

2.

2

2

2

2

2.

2

2

2

0

2

2.

?

?,

?,.

2.

2. 

2.

2

2

5,

4.

4

3.

a.

3.

3.

3.

3

1

t.

8

8

8

R

8

8

8

8

8

8

8 

8

7

7

7

7

7

7

7

8

8

8

7

7 

7 

7

7

7

5

6

1

8

7

7

6

7

7 

7

8

vTov.

4.9

5.6 .

6.5 .

7.6

7 Q

6.7 .

6.2 .

5.6

5.7 .

5.7 .

5.5

5.5 .

5.6 .

5.8 .

5.8

Nov.

2.7

2 7

9 7

2.7

2.8

2.7

2 7

2.7

2 7

2.7

2

0

2.8

2.8

2.8

2

0

9 fl

2

0

2.8

9 R

9 R

2.7

2.7

9 7

9 7

2.7

2.7

2.7 

2.7 2.7'

2.8

3.6

3 a

3.5

3.5

3.5

3

e

3

c

3.6

3.7

3

0

3

0 

. O

3 0

3.6

3 1

3

0

Dec.

5 0

5.2

4.4

4.5

4.2

Dec.

2

0

2.7

9 7

2 7

2

n

'"i'g

2.8

3.0

3 fi

3.1

2.9

2.9

3 A

"~2." 9

9 Q

3.1

3 1

3.2

3 1

3

0

3

0

3

0

3

0

3

0 

. A

3 A

3.8 

4.0

4

0

4.3

4.2
UPPEB MISSISSIPPI BIVEB BASINS. 149 

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for 1909-1911 Contd.

Day.

1911. 

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26. ..............

27...............

28............... 

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.6

2.4

2.5

2.7

2.9

2

C

2.4

Feb.

6.8

6.2

6.6

5.2

4 Q

4.6

4.2

4.0

4.1

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.0

Mar.

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.0 

3.0

3.0

3.0

Apr.

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9 

3.1

3.0

May.

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.1

4.3

4.2

4.1

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.5

June.

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.1

3 A

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9 

2.8

2.8

July.

2

C

9 fi

2.6

2.6

2

C

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5 

2.7

2.8

2.8

Aug.

4.0

4.3

4.9

5.0

4.4

3.9

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1 

3.1

3.1

3.0

Sept.

3.0

3.1

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.2

3.2 

3.4

3.6

Oct.

3.8

4.0

4.3

4.8

4.6

5.1

5.8

4.7

4.4

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8 

3.7

3.7

3.7

Nov.

3.3

3.4

3.4

3.8

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

3.1 

3.1

3.1

Dec.

4.2

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.8

3.7

3.5 

3.4

3.4

3.4

NOTE. Daily gage height January, February, and March, 1909, published in Water-Supply Paper 265, 

p. 171. Gage heights from Mar. 14, 1910, to July 31, 1911, as published above, are 1.0 foot greater than 

reported by the observer. See discussion under "Accuracy" in station description. On days of missing 

gage height during January, February, March, and December observer reported " Frozen." Relation of 

gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Dec. 16, 1909, to Mar. 4,1910, and Dec. 4, 1910, 

to Feb. 11,1911.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for 1909-1911.

Day.

1909. 

1..........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5. .........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

10

20..........

21 ..........

22.......... 

23..........

24..........

25.......... 

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30....... .. o-i

1910.

2..........

5..........

Feb. Mar.

2,870

3,500

4,110

4,600

5,090

Apr.

14,600

13,100

10,800

10,800

10,400

10,800

10,800

10,100

9,340

8,970

8,610

7,890

7,530

7,530

7,890

8,250

7,890

8,610

9,340

10,400

13,500

15,400 

13,100

11,200

9,710 

8,970

8,970

7,530

13,500

11,600

4 430

4,430

4,110

4,110

4,430

May.

11,200

12,000

13,100

11,200

9,340

8,250

7,530

6,820

6,120

5,430

4,760

4,430

4,110

3,790

8,250

12,700

7,170

7,890

8,610

8,250

7,530

6,820 

6,120

5,090

5,090 

4,430

4,110

3,790

3,790

3,790

3,790

2,590

2,320

2,070

2,070

1,840

June.

3,790

4,430

4,760

5,090

5,090

5,770

5,770

6,120

7,170

7,890

7,890

7,530

7,170

6,470

5,430

5,090

4,430

4,110

4,110

4,110

3,790

3,790 

3,790

3,790

4,760 

5,770

7,890

7,170

7,530

8,610

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,630

July.

9,340

8,610

7, 530

7,170

6,470

6,120

5,430

5,090

4,430

4,430

4,430

4,110

4,430

4,430

4,110

3,790

3,480

3,170

2,870

2,590

2,590

2", 320 

2,320

2,070

2,070 

2,070

2,070

2,070

2,070

1,840

1,840

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

950

Aug.

1,630

1.630

1,440

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,440

1,440

1,630

1,630

1,630

2,070

2,590

3,790

4,430

5,090

3,790

3,480 

3,170

2,590

2,320 

2,070

2,070

1,840

1,840

1,630

1,630

690

690

690

690

Sept.

1,630

1,440

1,440

1,440

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,440

1,440

1,630

1,630

1,630

2,070

2,590

2,870

2,590

2,070

2,070 

1,840

1,630

1,630 

1,630

1,440

1,260

1,260

1,260

690

690

690

690

690

Oct.

1,260

1,260

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

950

950

950

950

950

950

950

950

1,100

1,100

950

950

1,100

1,260

1,260

1,260 

1,100

1,100

1,100 

950

950

950

960

950

950

690

690

690

690

, 690

Nov.

810

1,100

1,260

1,260

1,440

1,440

1,630

1,630

1,840

1,840

1,840

1,840

2,070

2,590

2,590

6,120

8,610

12,000

16,200

17,400

12,700

10,800 

8,610

8,970

8,970 

8,250

8,250

8,610

9,340

9,340

580

580

580

580

690

Dec.

12,700

15,400

14,600

12,300

10,800

11,600

9,340

7,890

7,530

15,800

19,000

19,000

17,000

15,400

9,710
150 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PABT V.

Daily discharge, in sedond-feet, of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for 1909-1911 Con.

Day.

1910. 

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16.......~...

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26....:.....

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

1911. 

1. .........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23........ .

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Feb.

450

580

600

690

690

690

800

o<;n

1,000

1,100

1,200

1,440

1,630

9,710

8,970

13,100

10,800

12,300

7,170

6,120

5,090

3,170

3,480

3,480

3,790

3,480

3,170

Mar.

8,970

10,100

9,340

8 o RA

8,610

9

OAA

20,200

23,700

20,200

18,600

n

jrtn

15,800

14,300

12,000

10,100

8,610

8 Q7ft

8,250

7,890

7 WO

6,820

6,120

5,770

5,090

4,760

2,590

2,320

2

q«n

2,590

2,870

2,590

2,590

2 fi7ft

1,630

1,440

1 440

1,440

1 440

1,260

1,260 i 9fin

1 9fiO

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

950

QUO

950

1,100

950

950

950 o<in

Apr.

5,090

4

AQf\

3,790

3 7Qfi

3 17fi

3,170

2,870

3,480

3,480

3,170

2,590

2,590

2,590

2,590

2

OOfi

2,320

2

<W1

2 <;Qfl

2,320

2,320

2,320

9 Win

950

950

QCfi

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

QSft

950

950

950

1,100

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,100

1,100

950

950

810

810

810

1,100

950

May.

1 840

1,840

1,840

1,630

1 630

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,440

1,400

1 840

2,070

2,070

2,070

2,070

2,070

2

QOfi

2,320

9 Win

2,320

2,070

1,840

1 840

1,630

1,630

-1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,260

1 260

1,260

1,260

1,100

Qltfl

950

950

Qltfl

1,260

1,260

1,440

1,440

1,440

2,870

2,590

2,590

1,100

4,110

3,790

3,480

2,870

2,590

2,320

1 

' 840

June.

1 440

1,440

1 440

1 9Aft

1 9fifl

1 9Aft

i 9fin

1,260

1,260

1,260

1 260

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

QEfl

QCfi

950

1,100

1,100

1,100

2,070

3,480

4,110

3,480

3,170

2,870

2 eon

2,070

1,630

1,440

1,440

1,260

1,260

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

950

Qltfl

950

950

950

810

810

810

690

690

July.

" 950

OKA

OKA

950

QKA

QEfl

810

810

810

810

ADO

690

690

690

fion

690

fiQfi

fion

fion

690

fion

690

fiQfi

fion

690

690

690

fion

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

490

490

490

490

490

490

490

490

490

490

490

410

410

410

410

410

580

690

690

Aug.

fion

fiQfl

<;Rn

580

580

AQ(\

490

490

580

580

fiQfi

690

690

1,100

950

810

810

690

690

690

810

810

fiQfl

690

810

690

810

810

690

690

690 Aon

fion

4,110

2 EQA

2,870

3,480

2,320

2,590

3,170

4,110

6,120

6,470

4,430

2,870

2,320

1,840

1,630

1,440

1,260

1,260

1,100

1,100

1,100

950

Sept.

fiQfi

Ann

690

AQO

fion

fiQfl

690

580

580

580

580

580

690

690

690

690

690

690

810

1,630

1,440

1,260

950

810

810

950

950

Qfai

950

810

810

810

Q'tfl

950

950

810

810

1,260

1,100

950

950

1,100

1,840

1,440

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,440

1,440

1,260

1,100

1,260

1,260

1,630

2,070

Oct.

CQA

fion

fion

690

690

fiQfi

fion

fion

690

690

580

IRA

580 f;sn

580

f;sn

580

690

690

690

580

580

580

580

580

580

8,250

5,090

3,480

2,870

2,590

2,320

2

QOfi

2,320

2,320

2,320

2,320

2,590

2,590

2,590

2,590

3,170

4,110

5,770

5,090

6,820

9,340

5,430

4,430

3,480

3,170

2,870

2,590

2,320

2,320

2,320

Nov.

580

580

<;»n

580

580

690

690

690

690

690

690

690

690

690

690

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

580

690

2,070

2,070

1,840

1,840

1,840

1,840

1 840

2' 070

2,320

2,590

2,590

2,870

2,070

1,100

1,260

1,440

1,630

1,630

2,590

1,440

1,440

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

1,100

Dec.

1,100

1,100

1,260

1,100

1,260

1,440

1,260

1,260

1,260

1,630

2,590

3,170

3,790

4,110

3,790

3,790

3,790

3,170

2,590

2,070

1,840

1,630

1,630

1,840

2,070

2,590

2,320

1,840

1,630

1,630

1,630

NOTE. Daily discharge January, February, and March, 1909, published in Water-Supply Paper 265, 

page 171. Daily discharge Mar. 14,1910, to July 31,1911, computed from corrected gage heights. See discussion under "Accuracy " in station description. Daily discharge May 28 to 31,1911, corresponds to gage 

heights 1.0 foot higher than published above, because of apparent additional error in gage heights. Discharge Dec. 16,1909, to Feb. 28,1910; Mar. 2 and 4,1910; Dec. 1,1910, to Jan. 31,1911; and Feb. 1,3,5,7, 

9, and 11,1911, estimated because of ice. Mean discharge Dec. 16 to 31,1909, estimated 5,000 second-feet.
UPPEB MISSISSIPPI EIVEB BASINS. 151

Monthly discharge of Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa, for 1909-1911. 

[Drainage area, 6,320 square miles.]

Month.

1909.

March. . ................................

April...................................

May....................................

June. ...................................

July....................................

August .............................. .

October. ................................

November..... .. .... ......

1910. 

January. ...............................

February. ..............................

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

September. .............................

October. ................................

1911. 

January. ...............................

April. ..................................

May....................................

June. ...................................

July....................................

October. ................................

November. .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

9,300 

7,020 

21,000 

15,400 

13,100 

8,610 

9,340 

5,090 

2,870 

1,260 

17,'400 

19,000

21,000

23,700 

4,430 

2,590 

1,630 

1,100 

1,100 

1,630 

690 

690

23,700

13,100 

2,870 

1,260 

4,110 

4,110 

690 

6,470 

2,070 

9,340 

2,870 

4,110

MinfmyiTn,

840 

2,300 

4,290 

7,530 

3,790 

3,790 

1,840 

1,260 

1,260 

950 

810

810

2,870 

2,320 

1,440 

950 

690 

490 

580 

580 

580

6450 

950 

810 

950 

690 

410 

690 

810 

2,070 

1,100 

1,100

13,100 1 410

Mean.

1,660 

4,850 

8,780 

10,200 

6,950 

5,640 

3,900 

2,120 

1,620 

1,050 

5,980 

08,970

5,140

62,500 

62,000 

10,100 

3,210 

1,920 

1,260 

821 

677 

768 

644 

624 

6550

2,100

6400 

3,910 

1,520 

1,060 

1,740 

1,630 

538 

2,120 

1,150 

3,610 

1,700 

2,130

1,780

Per

square 

mile.

0.263 

.767 

1.39 

1.61 

1.10 

.892 

.617 

.335 

.256 

.166 

.946 

1.42

.813

.396 

.316 

1.60 

.508 

.304 

.199 

.130 

.107 

.122 

.102 

.099 

.087

.332

.063 

.619 

.241 

:i68 

.275 

.258 

.085 

.335 

.182 

.571 

.269 

.337

.282

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.30 

.80 

1.60 

1.80 

1.27 

1.00 

.71 

.39 

.29 

.19 

1.06 

1.64

11.05

.46 

.33 

1.84 

.57 

.35 

.22 

.15 

.12 

.14 

.12 

.11 

.10

451

.07 

.64 

.28 

.19 

.32 

.29 

.10 

.39 

.20 

.66 

.30 

.39

3.83

Acci 

racy

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

D.

D. 

D. 

«) '}

c 

c

c 

c 

c 

c 

c

cc 

c 

c 

c

i:

B.

B. 

B.

c.

o Partly estimated. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

6 Estimated.

" See station description for discussion of accuracy.

NOTE. Monthly discharge January, February, and March 1909, same as published in Water-Supply 

Paper 265, p. 171. The open-channel rating was applied durag the period, the relation of gage height to 

discharge probably affected only slightly by ice.

DES MOINES RIVER AT JACKSON, MINN.

Location. At highway bridge half a mile below the dam in Jackson, 100 yards 

above the nearest tributary, a small stream entering from the west.

Records available. May 31, 1909, to November 30, 1911.

Drainage area. 1,160 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged since established.

Channel. Practically permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge.

Winter flow. Observations are discontinued from December to March because 

of ice.
152 SUBfACS WATE& SlTPPLY, 1911, PABT V.

Regulation. At the dam half a mile above the station is a power plant which 

develops 35 horsepower under a head of 6^ feet. The plant operates only six 

hours a day on the average, but so far the morning and evening gage heights 

do not show any appreciable change in the stage of the river owing to water 

being held back in the low-water season after the turbines have been shut

down. f

The following discharge measurement was made by C. J. Emerson: 

May 3, 1911: Gage height, 2.92 feet; discharge, 39.4 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Des Moines River at Jackson, Minn.,for 1911. 

[Albert Strobel, observer.]

Day.

1..... ..............

2...................

3...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10. ..................

11...................

12. .................. 1^1

14...................

15...................

16...................

17. ..................

18. ..................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Mar.

3.00

3.05

3.20

3.02

3.09

2.99

3.08

3.05

3.08

3.08

2.96

2.91

2.89

2.90

2.91

2.88

2.80

2.82

2.95

Apr.

3.02

2.94

2.91

2.85

2.98

2.96

2.99

2.98

3.04

2.84

2.80

2.85

2.92

3.01

2.96

3.02

2.86

2.84

3.02

3.02

2.99

2.86

2.90

2.84

2.70

2.69

2.68

2.81

2.75

May.

2.99

2.92

2.84

2.79

2.69

2.82

2 79

2.80

2.80

2.70

2.66

2.65

2.65

2.65

2.66

2.68

2.72

2.79

2.66

2.65

2.68

2.71

2.88

2.90

2.79

2 71

2.70

2.68

2.69

June.

2.75

2.89

2.80

2.71

2.60

2 60

2.60

2.58

2.54

2.52

2.48

2.45

2.44

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2. 40

2.40

2.40

2.42

2.49

2 JO

2.48

2.48

2.41

July.

2.40

2.40

2.42

2.45

2.45

2.42

9 41

2.44

2.40

2.36

2.35

2.35

2.38

2.38

2.36

2.35

2.35

2.36

2.75

2.65

2.72

2.68

-2.61

. 2.51

2.50

2.56

2.55

2.49

2.49

2.48

2.49

Aug.

2.50

2.68

2.66

2.58

2.60

2.66

3.12

2.99

2.82

3.65

3.21

2.99

2.98

3.15

3.10

2.94

3.08

3.02

3.18

2.96

2.91

2.88

2.86

2.88

2.85

2.95

2.90

2.82

2.80

2.80

2.79

Sept.

2.80

2.79

2.78

2.70

2.88

3.00

3.05

3.01

2.94

2.92

2.96

2.94

2.92

2.89

2.84

2.86

2.95

3.32

3. «)

3.55

3.48

3.32

3.18

3.05

3.01

3.00

3.06

3.00

2.96

2.96

Oct.

2.95

2.95

2.96

3.00

3.21

4.51

4.30

4.44

4.25

4.18

4.20

4.18

4.15

4.09

4.02

3.99

4.11

4.05

4.01

4.00

3.92

3.90

3.79

3.90

3.72

3.69

3.60

3.55

3.40

3.52

Nov.

3.46

3.29

3.34

3.26

3.25

3.31

3.41

3.36

3.36

3.38

3.42

3.65

3.32

3.12

3.08

3.02

3.11

3.05

3.00

3.01

3.02

3.05

3.54

3.42

3.12

3.09

Dec.

3.40

3.30

3.18

3.18

3.16

3.14

3.24

3.21

3.40

3.16

3.12

3.11

3.10

3.39

3.25

3.25

NOTE. Ice present about Jan. 1 to Mar. 12, Nov. 28 to Dec. 9, and Dec. 23 to 31,1911. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Des Moines River at Jackson, Minn.,for 1911-

Day.

1... ................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10. ...................

11...................

12. ..................

13...................

14...................

15...................

Mar.

1 47

50

62

Apr.

48

43

42

38

46

45

46

46

46

50

38

36

38

Aft

48

May.

46

42

38

36

31

37

36

36

36

31

29

29

29

oo

29

June.

^4

4ft

36

33

32

27

27

27

27

26

25

24

23

99

22

July.

20

20

21

22

22

21

20

21

20

19

18

18

1Q

19

19

Aug.

23

30

29

26

27

29

58

46

37

116

63

46

46

CO

54

Sept.

36

36

35^ll

40

47

50

48

43

42

45

43

42

4ft

38

Oct.

11

' 44

45

47

63

267

226

253

216

207

207

207

IQfi

IfiO

172

Nov.

Oft

70

75

67

66

72

83

78

78

80

OK

116

73

CO

53

Dec.

82

71

60

60

KQ

57
UPPEB MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. 153 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Des Moines River at Jackson, Minn., for 1911 Con.

Day.

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20.. .................

21...................

22...................

23.. ....... ...........

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29

30...................

31...................

Mar.

48

53

46

53

50

53

53

45

JO

40

41

JO

40

360711

Apr.

45

48

39

38

48

48

46

39

41

38

31

31

30

36

34

May.

30

31

32

36

29

9Q

30

32

40

41

36

99

32

31

30

31

June.

21

22

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

91

OQ

99

22

22

20

July.

18

18

19

34

29

32

30

27

23

23

OK

25

23

23

99

23

Aug.

43

53

48

60

45

42

40

39

Af\

38

44

41

37

36

36

36

Sept.

39

44

73

82

102

92

73

60

50

4.Q

47

51

47

45

A.<\

Oct.

172

189

180

172

172

155

155

139

.155

124

. 124

116

109

102

82

QS

Nov.

48

55

50

47

48

48

50

102

85

56

53

47

Dec.

66

63

82

59

56

55

54

NofE. Daily discharge computed from a well-defined rating curve. Discharge Nov. 28 to Dec. 9 and 

Dec. 23 to 31 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records and discharge of adjacent drainage areas. 

Mean discharge Nov. 28 to Dec. 9, estimated 40 second-feet, varying from about 35 to 55 second-feet. Mean 

discharge Dec. 23 to 31, estimated 50 second-feet, varying from about 30 to 70 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Des Moines River at Jackson, Minn., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,160 square miles.]

Month.

March 13-31 .............................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

62 

50 

46 

40 

34 

116 

102 

267 

116 

82

Minimum.

86 

30 

29 

20 

18 

23 

31 

44 

35

Mean.

46.4 

41.5 

33.4 

24.6 

22.4 

44.0 

50.5 

149 

64.7 

53.0

Per 

square 

mile.

0.040 

.036 

.029 

.021 

.019 

.038 

.044 

.128 

.056 

.046

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.03 

.04 

.03 

.02 

.02 

.04 

.05 

.15 

.06 

.05

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C.

NOTE. See footnotes to table of daily discharge.

DES MOINES BIVEB NEAR FOBT DODGE, IOWA.

Location. At the upper highway bridge 1 mile upstream from Fort Dodge and just 

above the Illinois Central Railroad bridge, about 1 mile above the old "Swede 

Town'' bridge at which the station was maintained during 1905-6. The original 

bridge has been torn down and the new structure, about 15 feet higher, which 

has been put in its place was found to be unsuited for a gaging station.

Becords available. April 23,1905, to July 19,1906; August 4,1911, to December 31, 

1911.

Drainage area. Not measured.

Gage. Chain, fastened to the outside handrail, downstream side of right span; 

datum unchanged.

Channel. Bed composed of sand and gravel; considered practically permanent. 

One channel at all stages, broken only by the bridge pier.

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation of gage height to discharge during December, January, and February.
154 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Accuracy. The relation between gage height and discharge may at times be affected 

by backwater from Lizard Creek if heavy rains occur in the basin of that stream.

On August 4, 1911, at a gage height of 0.80 foot, Follansbee and Kay estimated the 

discharge as 29 second-feet, stating that a current-meter measurement was not possible 

because of low velocity.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Des Moines River near Fort Dodge, Iowa, for 1911. 

[Ole C. Hanson, observer.]

Day.

1.......

2.......

3. ......

4.......

5.......

6.......

7. ......

8.......

9.......

10.......

11.......

12.......

13.......

14.......

15.......

Aug.

.80

.90

.90

.98

1.00

.95

1.02

1.05

1.10

1.05

1.10

1.10

Sept.

1.00

1.10

1.00

1.10

1.00

1.18

1.25

1.20

1.20

1.60

1.40

1.25

1.95

1.40

1.30

Oct.

1.50

1.50

1.55

1.50

1.45

1.45

1.50

1.45

1.40

1.45

1.45

1.60

1.65

1.70

1.75

Nov.

1.65

1.80

1.75

1.70

1.65

1 60

1.62

1 60

1 60

1.55

1 60

1.55

1.60

1 60

1 60

Dec.

1.60

1.60

1 60

1.58

"1.55

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.50

1.75

1.80

1.78

1.75

1.70

Day.

16.......

17.......

18.......

19.......

20.......

21.......

22.......

23.......

24. ......

25.......

26.......

27.......

28.......

29.......

30.......

31.......

Aug.

1.22

1.00

1.10

1.25

1.22

1.25

1.28

1.20

1.18

1.18

1.20

1.15

1.20

1.10

1.22

1.20

Sept.

1.18

1.22

1.22

1.20

1.20

1.25

1.20

1.20

1.20

1.25

1.25

1.20

1.20

1.22

1.25

Oct.

1.70

1.75

1.75

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.65

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.68

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.65

1.65

Nov.

1.55

1.50

1.50

1.55

1.58

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.58

1.60

Dec.

1.68

1.70

1.70

1.72

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.68

1.65

1.62

1.60

1.60

1.60

1.60

DES MOINES RIVER AT KEOSAUQUA, IOWA.

Location. At county bridge one-fourth mile above old dam site and Government 

locks.

Records available. May 30, 1903, to July 16, 1906; April 5, 1910, to December 31, 

1910 (Army Engineers); August 3, 1911, to December 23, 1911.

Drainage area. 14,300 square miles.

Gage. Chain gage attached to downstream side of bridge; same gage used throughout period of records. On August 3, 1911, a possible discrepancy of 0.20 or 0.26 

foot was found, by levels, in the gage as referred to the original bench marks.

Channel. Composed of sand and gravel on the left and rock on the right. Shifting 

of the sand occurs at flood stages.

Discharge measurements. Made from the downstream side of the bridge.

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge is sometimes affected by ice.

Accuracy. Gage heights and estimates of discharge for 1910 and 1911 are being 

withheld from publication until sufficient data are collected to eliminate the 

possible errors noted under "Gage."

Discharge measurements of Des Moines River at Keosauqua, Iowa, in 1910-11.

Date.

1910.

1911.

Hydrographer. height.

Feet. 

0.5

.10

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

719

266

a Measurement furnished by U. S. Army Engineers.

NOTE. The gage heights above may be from 0.20 to 0.26 foot too low when referred to the original 

gage datum, see " Accuracy " paragraph in station description.
UPPEB MISSISSIPPI BIVEB BASINS. 155

ILLINOIS RIVER BASIN. 

SANGAMON BIVEB NEAR MONTICELLO, ILL.

Location. At Illinois Central Railroad bridge about half a mile west of Monticello, 111.

Records available. February 4, 1908, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 550 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Section is at a pool; measurements to date indicate that control is permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge and wooden 

trestle approach.

Floods. The flood of May, 1908, reached a height of 15.2 feet on the gage.

Winter flow. Ice affects the relation between gage height and discharge during 

portions of December, January, and February.

The following discharge measurement was made by Monk and Brown: 

October 11, 1911: Gage height, 5.22 feet; discharge, 356 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofSangamon River near Monticello, III., for 1911. 

[Martin Doyle, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3............ .

4...............

5............... 

6. ..............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11. ..............

12. ..............

13............... 

14. .............. 

15. ..............

16. ..............

17............... 

18. ..............

19...............

20. ..............

2i...... .........

22. ..............

23...............

24. .............. 

25. ..............

26............... 

27. ..............

28...............

29...............

30. .............. 

31...............

Jan.

3.75

«3.7

o3.3 

"3.05

o2.9

«2.7

"2.6

"2.7

2.79

3.25 

9.8

9.70

10.05 

a 7. 95

a7.2

06.75

o6.7

a4.9

«4.5 

4.71

6.69 

8.07

9.95

9.88

9.32 

8.02

Feb.

6.74

6.00

5.45

5.18

4.65

4.15

4.00

4.00

3.55

3.31

3.84 

4.00 

4.80

6.41

6.38 

6.00

6.40

"4." 95"

4.75

5.00 

4.61

4.40

4.23

Mar.

4.08

4.00

3.95

3.85

3.65

4.32

5.31

6.60

7.20

6.55

5.64 

5.38 

5.29

4.95

4.61

4.21

4.00 

4.00

3.98

3.72 

3.60

"3." 85"

4.05

4.23

4.08 

4.00

Apr.

3.82

3.68

4.15

6.20 

7.90

7.98

7.28

5.85

5.45

5.33

5.38 

7.60 

9.60

10.10

9.88 

8.61

7.80

7.30

7.30 

7.30

6.20 

5.81

5.55 

5.32

5.32

May.

5.68

5.70

5.55

5.23

5.00 

4.72

4.40

4.39

4.25

4.80

3.98

3.81 

" ~3.~5i~

3.51

3.45 

3.40

3.35

3.30

"3.~41~

3.38

3.22 

3.15

3.02 

2.99

2.89

2.88 

2.98

June.

3.18

3.15

2.90

2.75 

2.68

2.68

2.55

2.47

2.40

2.28

2.24 

2.20 

2.18

2.12

2.10

2.01

2.08

2.12 

2. 08

2.01

2.04

2.18 

2.29

2.18

2.08

1.90

July.

1.90

1.90

1.89

1.86 

3.81

1.78

1.78

2.30

2.14

2.02

1.96 

1.84

1.94

1.88 

1.84

1.79

1.79

1.78

1.84 

1.78

1.77 

1.77

1.71

1.78

"i.~76~

Aug.

1.87

1.78

1.77

1.73

1.68

1.69

1.69

1.68

1.68

1.68

1.66 "i.'ei"

1.60

1.60

1.60 

1.60

1.58

1.58 

1.58

1.71

1.93 

1.87

1.86

2.21

1.80

1.78 

1.76

Sept.

1.76

1.70

1.66

1.67 

1.67

1.78

1.76

2.14

2.78

4.68

4.68 

3.73 

3.37

4.39

"4." 7§"

4.23

4.48

4.58 

3.88

3.40

"5.47

8.63 

9.10

9.46

9.56

8.83

Oct.

8.83

8.97

9.16

8.96 

8.23

7.43

6.07

5.63

5.29

5.02

4.78 

4.58

4.31

4.48 

4.81

4.61

4.28

4.18

5.89

6.75 

6.12

5.68 

5.26

4.94

4.56 

4.50

Nov.

4.22

4.03

3.95

4.08

4.15

4.25

4.37

4.30

4.30

8.48 

8.88 

8.51

7.59

8.34 

9.95

10.15

10.20

9.33 

8.60

8.05

7.50 

7.02

~~6.~38~

6.30

6.35

6.42

Dec.

6.21

6.10

5.52

5.30 

5.08

5.00

4.92

4.86

5.10

5.34

5.41 

5.32 

5.22

5.20

"4." 82

4.68

4.62

5.01 

6.50

7.90

~~8.~29

7.56 

7.55

7.38

7.00

7.29

o Gage read to top of ice Jan. 3 to 11 and Jan. 18 to 24. Ice 6 to 8 inches in thickness on Jan. 9. 

NOTE. Gage not read on Sunday. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. l to 29.
156 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAE1 Y. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sangamon River near Monticello, III., for 1911.

Day.

1.. ............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5.. ............

6..............

7..............

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12... .... ...

13..............

14..............

15..............

16..............

17..............

18..............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24. .............

25..............

28..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30. .............

31..............

Jan.

1,390

926

Feb.

646

505

401

352

306

260

188

170

170

123

100

126

152

170

284

583

577

505

548

581

446

311

276

320

254

222

222

198

Mar.

180

170

164

154

144

133

211

376

619

735

610

524

437

388

372

311

254

252

224

195

170

170

168

140

128

150

154

176

198

180

170

Apr.

150

143

136

188

543

895

915

752

614

476

401

379

388

822

1,580

2,020

1,810

1,100

870

756

756

756

650

543

469

420

378

378

392

400

May.

444

448

420

361

320

271

246

222

201

284

168

149

134

119

119

108

104

99

125

109

106

92

86

76

73

66

65

64

72

June.

88

86

66

60

54

AQ

49

40

35

31

27

22

20

19

16

15

13

11

14

16

14

11

13

16

19

24

19

14

8

July.

8

8

8

7.8

7.2

6.2

5.6

5.6

4

25

17

12

10

6.8

8

9.2

7.6

6.8

5.8

5.8

5.6

6.0

6.4

6.8

5.6

5.4

5.4

4.2

5.6

5.5

5.2

Aug.

7.4

5.6

5.4

4.6

^ 7

3.8

3.8

3.6

3.6

3.6

o o

2.7

2.2

2

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

8.9

7.4

7.2

15

20

6

5.6

5.2

Sept.

5.2

4

3.2

3.4

3.4

5.6

5.2

17

40

ifi

265

265

141

105

221

250

273

198

233

249

157

108

100

405

1,110

1,280

1,490

1,550

1,180

Oct.

1,180

1,180

1,230

1,310

1,230

985

784

651

518

435

356

324

281

249

236

222

233

286

254

205

192

338

484

648

528

444

367

309

278

246

236

Nov.

219

197

174

164

172

180

188

201

218

208

208

634

1,060

1,200

1,070

820

1,020

1,880

2,070

2,120

1,410

1,100

934

799

699

638

577

562

572

585

Dec.

545

524

469

414

374

334

320

306

295

316

338

381

394

378

360

356

322

288

265

255

322

600

895

948

1,000

813

810

773

695

754

658

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve well defined between 11 and 

1,390 second-feet (gage heights 2 and 9.3 feet); fairly well defined between 1.450 and 7,360 second-feet (gage 

heights 9.4 and 14 feet). Above gage height 12.6 feet the curve was extended as a tangent. Daily discharge 

interpolated on days when gage was not read. Daily discharge Jan. 1 to 29 estimated, because of ice, from 

observer's notes, cllmatologic records, and discharge at Riverton, III. Mean discharge Jan. 1 to 29 estimated 

about 508 second-feet, varying from about 20 to 1,740 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Sangamon River near Monticello, III., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 550 square miles.]

Month.

April.... ................................

May....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

646 

735 

2,020 

448 

88 

25 

20 

1,550 

1,310 

2,120 

1,000

2,120

Minimum.

100 

128 

136 

64 

8 

4 

1.6 

3.2 

192 

164 

255

1.6

Mean,

550 

321 

266 

669 

177 

29.8 

7.62 

4.86 

324 

523 

729 

500

341

Per 

square 

mile.

1.00 

.584 

.484 

1.22 

.322 

.054 

.014 

.0088 

.589 

.951 

1.33 

.909

.620

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.15 

.61 

.56 

1.36 

.37 

.06 

.02 

.01 

.66 

1.10 

1.48 

1.05

8.43

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A.

For notes relative to estimated discharge during January see footnotes to table1 of daily discharge.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. 157

SANGAMON RIVER AT RIVERTON, ILL.

Location. At Wabash Railroad bridge about a quarter of a mile west of depot at 

Eiverton, 111., about 2J miles below the mouth of South Fork.

Records available. February 13, 1908, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 2,560 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Slightly shifting; section is at a pool and measurements to date indicate 

that the point of control is not changing; broken by two bridge piers.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of three-span bridge.

Floods. The high water of 1883 reached a height of approximately 32 feet on the 

present gage. The high water of 1875 is said to have been one-half foot lower than 

this. The high water of October, 1911, reached a height of 27.1 feet.

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation between gage height and discharge during 

short periods of extremely cold weather December, January, and February 

in the milder weather the formation of ice is prevented by warm water wasted 

from the factories.

Discharge measurements of Sangamon River at Riverton, III., in 1911.

Date.

Mar. 20

Oct. 5

Hydrographer.

P. S. Monk. ..............................................................

height.

Feet. 

11.80

25.36

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,180

15,400

Daily gage height, in feet, of Sangamon River at Riverton, III., in 1911. 

[J. H. Steele, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15................

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

14.5

14.1

13.5

12.1

11.6

n

o

11 25

11.2

10.8

10.2

10.0

9.9

9.8

17.3

20.5

21.6

20.5

19.5

18.9

18.7

18.9

179

15.65

14.0

13.45

13.3

13.9

16.25

17.1

17.35

17.5

Feb.

17.7

17.65

17.4

16.65

14.9

10 Q

13.25

12.9

12.85

12.5

12.4

12 25

12.0

11.85

12.2

10 oe

12.65

13.6

14.45

15.0

15.75

15.55

15.3

14.75

14.3

13.95

13.75

13.6

Mar.

iq AE

13.1

12.55

12.25

11.85

11.65

11 9

14.25

15.75

16.55

16.75

15.8

15.45

14.75

13.85

10 ie

1*> 7

12.35

12.15

11.85

11.6

11.4

11.2

11.0

in si

10.7

ift Q

in Q

10.9

11.0

11.0

Apr.

10.9

10.7

10.9

13.0

15.9

17.9

18.5

18.4

18.2

17.8

17.0

15.6

14.7

17.1

20.3

20.9

20.6

20.5

20.4

19 8

19.0

17.7

16.0

14.8

14.1

13.6

13 1

12.9

12.9

13.0

May.

14.4

16.0

16.1

16.0 115 a

15.4

14.4

13.45

12.7

11.7

11.5

n

o

10.9

10.7

10.6

10.5

10.3

10.2

11.8

13.4

12.6

11.4

W Q

10.4

irt 9

10.0

9.8

9.8

June.

10.0

9.8

9.6

9.4

9

0

9 1

9.4

9.0

8.8

8.5

8.5

8.4

8.2

8.2

8.1

a i

8.0

8.0

7.9

7.85

7 9

8.0

7 Q

7.9 10 6

9

E

9 7

9 A

9.2

9.4

July.

Q Q

8.7

8.4

8.1

8 A

7 9

7.7

7.6

7.5

7.5

7.4

7.4

7.7

7.5

7.3

7.25

7.2

7.1

7.0

7.0

7.0

7.0

7.0

7.0

7.0

7.0

7.0

fi Q

6.9

6.9

6.85

Aug.

7.4

7.35

7.3

7.3

7 9

7.15

7.1

8.0

8.2

8.4

8.1

7 Q

7.6

7.4

7.3

7 9

7.1

7.0

6.9

6.8

6.7

6.7

6.7

7.0

7.55

7 Q

8.0

7 Q

10.4

9.6

8.3

Sept.

7.8

7.6

7.4

7.3

7.2

7 9

7.4

8.2

10.7

12.8

11.0

10.1

10.0

13.2

13 9

14.1

14.2

14.5

14.6

13.9

12.8

11.8

19.7

19 8

20.3

23.55

26.4

Oct.

27.1

26.6

26.5

26.4

25.4

94 a

23.9

23.2

22.6

21.9

21.0

19.6

17.5

16.0

15.0

13.9

13.6

13.3

13.0

12.8

12.9

13.1

13.4

13.7

13 Q

13.9

13.6

13.1

12.7

12.5

Nov.

12.3

12.1

11.9

11.6

11.5

11.5

11.8

12.0

12.1

19 1

12.0

16.0

17.4

17.8

17.8

17.7

17 Q

19.1

20.2

20.1

19.9

19.5

19.2

18.8

18.4

17.8

17.1

16.1

15.3

14.8

Dec.

14.3

14.2

14.1

13.9

13.6

13.3

13.1

12.9

12.7

12.6

12.8

13.0

13.1

13.1

13.1

13.0

13.0

12.8

12.6

12.6

13.2

16.2

17.4

17.45

17.1

16.8

n

o

17.5

18.0

16.4

16.0

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably not affected by ice during 1911.
158 SUBPACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1911, PABT V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofSangamon River at Riverton, III., for 1911.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14. ..............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2,380

2,160

1,870

1,310

1,130

1,020

1,010

990

856

665

603

542

3,950

6,560

8,010

6,560

5,520

4,990

4 840

4,990

3,900

3,010

2,100

1,850

1,790

2,050

3,340

3,840 

3,980

4,070

Feb.

4 190

4,160

4,010

3,580

2,600

2,000

1,770

1,620

1 600

1,460

1,420

1,370

1,280

1,220

1 QK.ft

1,410

1,520

1,920

2,350

2

CCA

3,060

2 OCA

2,820

2,510

2 OCA

2,080

i Q&ft

1,920

Mar.

1 5JP\ft

1,710

1 480

1 Q7ft

1,220

1 1 *U1

1 240

2,240

S ftfifi

3,520

S

OAf)

S fiQft

2 onn

2,510

2,030

1,730

1 540

1,410

1,330

1,220

1,130

1 060

QQD

09fl

OCO

824

00)2

888

888 

920

Q9fl

Apr.

888

824

SS2SJ

1 660

3 1 df\

4,310

4,690

4,620

4,490

4,250

3,780

2 980

2' 480

3^840

6,340

7 060 e'eso

6,560

6,450

5,800

5,070

4,190

3,200

9 IdO

2

-1 fin

1,920

1,710

1,620

1,620

May.

2,320

3,200

3 OCA

3,200

3,090

2,870

2,320

1,850

1 540

l'390

1,280

1,170

1,100

990

SS2SJ

824

792

760

696

665

1,200

1,830

i *^Aft

1,060

856

728

665

603

542 

542

665

June.

603'

486

JQC

411

366

435

341

OAK

254

254

240

214

214

OAO

202

190 ion

179

174

179

190

179

179

7Q9

460

CIO

435

388 

435

July.

411

287

240

202

190

158

148

138

138

128

128

158

138

119

114

110

101

92

Q9

92

92

92

92

92

92

92

83

83 

83

79

Aug.

128

124

119

119

110

106

101

190

214

9.4(1

202

179

148

128

119

110

101

O9

83

7C

67

67

67

92

143

179 ion

179

728 

486

227

Sept.

168

148

198

119

110

110

128

914

824

1,580

920

634

603

1,750

2

ncrt

2,000

2,320

2,160

2,210

2

QQA

2,430

2,050

1,580

1,200

3 79fl

5,700

5,800

6,340

11,400 

17,600

Oct.

19,200

18,100

17 Sftfl

1 7 fiOfl

15,300

W rwvi

12,100

10,700

9,620

8,460

7,180

5,610

4,070

3,200

2

ecn

2,320

2,050

1,920 i ?Qn

1,660

1,580

1,620

1,710

1,830

1 QAft

2,050

2,050

1,920

1,710 

1,540

1,460

Nov.

i son

1,310

i 940

1,130

1,100

1,100

1,200

1 280

1,310

1,310

1,280

S Oflfi

4,010

4,250

A 9^ft

4,190

4,310

5,160

6,220

6,120

5,900

5,520

5,240

4,910

4,620

4,250

3 840

3*260

2,820 

2,540

Dec.

2,260

2,210

2,160

2,050

1,920

1,790

1,710

1,620

1,500

1,580

1 660

1,710

1,710

1,710

1 660

1 660

1^580

1,500

1

KAA

1,750

3

QOft

4,010

4 040

3 840

3,660

3

nen

4,070

4,370 

3,430

3,200

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve well denned between 138 

and 4,370 second-feet (gage heights 7.5 and 18.0 feet). Above 4,370 second-feet (gage height 18.0 feet) the 

rating curve Is based on one discharge measurement at gage height 25.4 feet.

Monthly discharge of Sangamon River at Riverton, III., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 2,560 square miles.]

Month.

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,010 

4,190 

3,640 

7,060 

3,260 

792 

411 

728 

17,600 

19,200 

6,220 

4,370

19,200

Minimum.

542 

1,220 

824 

824 

542 

174 

79 

67 

110 

1,460 

1,100 

1,500

67

Mean.

2,920 

2,250 

1,630 

3,580 

1,430 

333 

137 

. 165 

2,610 

6,280 

3,280 

2,410

2,250

Per 

square 

mile.

1.14 

.879 

.637 

1.40 

.559 

.130 

.054 

.064 

1.02 

2.45 

1.28 

.941

.879

Kun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.31 

.92 

.73 

1.56 

.64 

.14 

.06 

.07 

1.14 

2.82 

1.43 

1.09

" 11.91

Accuracy.

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B.

SANGAMON RIVER NEAR OAKFORD, ILL.

Location. At highway bridge 3 miles northeast of Oakford, 111., near the northwest 

corner of T. 19 N., R. 7 W., 2£ miles above the Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis Railway bridge, and 1J miles above the mouth of Crane Creek.

Records available. October 26, 1909, to June 30, 1911, and December 10 to 31, 

1911.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. 159

Drainage area. 5,000 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Shifting; the river for some distance above and below the station has 

been dredged and straightened, thus increasing the slope considerably and 

disturbing the regimen of the river. Conditions along the improved section 

are probably reverting to their former natural state. Measurements to date, 

however, indicate little or no change in the relation between gage height and 

discharge.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge and woodentrestle approaches.

Floods. The floods of February and March, 1907, May, 1908, and October, 1911, 

reached a height of about 21 feet on the present gage.

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation between gage height and discharge during 

portions of December, January, and February.

Accuracy. Backwater caused by ice jams or drift lodging at the railroad trestle 

2J miles below the gaging station may at times affect the relation between gage 

height and discharge.

Discharge measurements of'Sangamon River near Oakford, III., in 1911.

Date.

Mar. 21

Oct. 10

Hydrographer.

P. S.Monk... ............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.95

16.60

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

2,300

16,400

Daily gage height, in feet, of Sangamon River near Oakford, III., for 1911. 

[Ed. J. Bonnett, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8............... 

9...............

10...............

11............... 

12............... 

13...............

14............... 

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21............... 

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27............... 

28............... 

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

6.9

6.5

6.5

8.0

7.8

o7.7

o7.5 

06.8

o6.7

06.6 

o5.9 

7.1

9.1 

10.2

11.0

12.1

12.0

11.8

11.5

11.4 

in Q

10.55

9.3

8.0

8.3

9.95 

11.45 

12.9 

12.5

11.6

Feb.

11.1

10.25

9.9

9.6

9.15

8.0

7.3

6.75 

6.5

6.2

6.1 

6.0 

5.95

5.9 

6.0

6.85

7.0

7 9

7.5

8.0

8.6 

8.55

8 25

8.1

7.9

7.4

7.1 

6.9

Mar.

6.7

6.55

6.35

6.0

5.8

5.7

5.6

6.9 

8.4

9.0 

9. 2

g!i

9.0

8.6 

8.1

7.5

7.0

6.5

6.5

6.2

5.9 

5.65

5.4

5.2

5.15

5.0

4.95 

5.0 

5.0 

5.0

5.0

Apr.

4.9

4.8

4.9

5.25

7.35

9

ne

9.95

10.35 

10.3

10.05

9.85 

9.4 

9.25

9.2 

9.9

11.1

12.0

19 9

12.3

12.0

11.8 

11.35

10.7

9.05

8.6

7.7

7.2 

7.0 

6.9 

6.9

May.

6.95

7.85

8.05

8.35

8.1

7.0

7.8

7.1 

6.5

6.1

5.8 

5.55 

5.35

5.15 

4.9

4.7

4.55

4 45

4.35

4.25 

4.2

6

QC

6.5

5.8

5.45

4.8

4.5 

4.25 

4.15 

4.15

4.15

June.

4.05

3.9

3.85

3.7

3.6

3.55

3.4

3.3 

3.15

3.05

3.0

2.65

2

C

2.55 

2.5

9 A

2.35

2

0

9 °.

2.25 

2.2

OIK

9 "K

2.2

4.35

3.75

3.9 

3.05 

4.2 

3.5

July.

.......

:::::::

.......

Aug.

.......

.......

Sept.

.......

.......

.......

Oct.

20.6

.......

16.6

.......

.......

Nov.

.......

.......

-------

Dee.

......

6.9

6.8 

6.85 

6.95

7.1 

7.05

7.1

7.0

7.0

6.8

6.5

6.8 

8.2

10. 1

11.0

11.2

11.0

10.95 

10.9 

10.8 

10.65

10.3

o Jan. 7 to 12, gage heights to top of ice.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 4 to 14. 

to Dee. 9 because no observer could be obtained.

Record lacking July 1
160 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAM V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Sangamon River near OakfoTd, III., for Wll.

Day.

1...............

2...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17........ .......

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27............... 

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3,000

2,700

9 7nn

5,990

6,850

8,120

8,000

7,760

7,400

7,290

fi 74n

6,360

5,060

3 s An

4,130

5,730 

7,340

9,100

8,600

7,520

Feb.

6,960

6 040

5,680

5,360

4,910

3,860

3,300

2,880

2,700

2

J7n

2 ATK\

2,320

2,280

2,250

2 QOfl

2,960

3,070

3,220

3,860

4 400

4,560

4 080

3,950

3,780

3,380

3,140 

3,000

Mar.

2,840

2

7qn

2,580

2,320

2,180

2,110

2 ft4A

3 nnn

4,220

4,760

4,960

4,860

4,760

4,400

3,950

3,460

3 n7n

2 7fift

2 7nn

2,470

2,250

2,080

1,910

1 7Qn

1 760

1,670

1,640 

1,670

1,670

1,670

1,670

Apr.

1,610

1,560

1,610

1,820

3

qjrt

4,810

5,730

6,150

6,100

5,830

5,620

5,160

5,010

4,960

5,680

6 Qfift

8,000

8,240

8,360

8,000

7,760

7,240

6,520

4,810

4 4flft

3,220 

3,070

3 Ann

May.

3 7JA

S onn

4,180

3,950

3 7ftn

3,700

Q I4n

2,700

2 Arm

2

1 on

2

AAA

1,880

1,760

1,610

1,500

1,420

1 3fifi

1,320

1,260

1 240

2' 220

2,700

2 180

1*940

1,560

1,390 

1.260

1 220

1,220

1 220 '

June.

1,170

1,100

1,080

1,020

980

Qfifi

onn

860

800

760

740

608

590

572

555

520 cfto

485

485

468

450

432

432

450

1,320

1,040

1,100 

760

1,240

July. Aug.

-------

Sept. Oct.

26,300

Nov. Dec.

3,000

2 Q9T)

2,960

3,030

3,140

3,110

3,140

3,070

3,070

2,920

2,700

2,920

4 A4fl

5,880

6,850

7,070

6,850

6,800

fi 7dft

6,630

6,460

6,100

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a discharge rating curve well defined between 380 and 8,000 

second-feet (gage heights 2.0 and 12.0 feet). Above 8,000 second feet (gage height 12.0 feet) the rating curve 

is based on one measurement at gage height 16.6 feet. Above 14.800 second-feet (gage height 18.0 feet) the 

rating curve is a tangent. Daily discharge Jan. 4 to 14 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records 

and discharge at Riverton, 111. Mean discharge Jan. 4 to 14 estimated about 2,240 second-feet, varying 

from about 1,400 to 4,000 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Sangamon River near Oakford, III., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 5,000 square miles.]

Month.

May....................................

December 10-31 ........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

9,100

6,960 

4,960 

8,360 

4,180 

1,320 

7,070

Minimum.

2,250 

1,640 

1,560 

1,220 

432 

2,700

Mean.

4,800 

3,660 

2,770 

5,040 

2,220 

777 

4,520

Per 

square 

mile.

0.960 

.732 

.554 

1.01 

.444 

.155 

.904

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

1.11 

.76 

.64 

1.13 

.51 

.17 

.74

Accuracy.

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

SOUTH FORK OF SANGAMON RIVER NEAR TAYLORVILLE, ILL.

Location. At the Wabash Railroad bridge about 3J miles southwest of Taylorville, 

about one-fourth mile upstream from the highway bridge known as the Half Acre 

Bridge.

Records available. February 11, 1908, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 427 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge. On September 2, 1909, the gage 

datum was lowered 2 feet. The gage heights to August 10, 1909, refer to the
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASINS. 161

old datum; those from August 11 to September 1, 1909, are of no value because 

of backwater from a construction dam built and used during that period. From 

September 2, 1909, to date the gage heights refer to the new datum.

Channel. In August, 1909, a drainage ditch was dug along the river in this vicinity, 

straightening the course of the stream, but coinciding with the original channel 

at the gaging station. The cross section of the channel was not changed at the 

measuring section, but the relation between gage height and discharge was considerably changed by the change in slope. The channel shifts to some extent, 

but measurements to date indicate that the point of control is probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the downstream side of the bridge.

Floods. Maximum gage height since establishment of gage, 15.9 feet, occurred in 

September, 1911. No authentic record of floods prior to the establishment of the 

station is available.

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation between gage height and discharge during 

portions of December, January, and February.

Discharge measurements of South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville, III., in 1911.

Date.

Mar. 18

Oct. 7

Hydrographer.

P. S. Monk...............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.31

10.33

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

184

1,360

Daily gage height, in feet, of South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville, III., for 1911.

[Joseph Ethridge, observer.]

Day.

2...............

3.........-..--.

4...............

5...............

6..... ......... .

r......... ......

8...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13.....-.-.-..-..

14. ..............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18. ..............

10

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

9.15

8.4

7.15

a 7. 15

a 7.1

«6.9

a5.1

a.4.55

a 4. 2

»4.15

4.2

4.7

4.7

10.2

13.5

12.5

13.55

10.25

9.5

7.9

6.85

7.15

7.1

5.9

5.45

5.9

7.8

7.9

8.85

9.3

9.3

Feb.

8.9

8.25

7.3

6.7

6.25

6.05

6.4

6.45

6.7

6.65

6.35

5.85

5.7

5.65

6.0

6.45

6.6

7.5

8.2

8.95

8.85

8.55

8.15

7.55

7.4

8.45

8.15

.......

Mar.

, 7.1

6.45

6.25

5.9

5.6

5.35

5.65

8.25

9.4

9 4K

9.15

8.25

7.25

6.55

6.2

5.8

5.35

5.4

5.3

5.0

4.95

4.7

4.55

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.7

5.35

5.35

5.05

4.85

Apr.

4.55

4.4

5.6

7.85

8.3

9.95

10.4

9.95

9.1

7 Sfi

6.95

6.55

6.45

10.15

11.65

11.4

10.5

9 g

9

1 c

8.15

7.4

6.8

5.95

5.2

5.55

5.4

5.25

5.4

5.85

6.2

May.

8.8

9.75

10.05

9.7

8.9

7.45

6.6

6.05

5.7

5.55

5.4

5.15

4.85

4.65

4.45

4.3

4.2

4.15

4.05

3.95

5.0

4.4

3

QK

3.7

3.55

3.45

3.35

3.3

3.25

3.2

June.

3.3

3.2

3.1 9. n

2.85

2.8

2.85

2.7

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.4

2 4

3.7

3.6

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.5

2.5

5.2

5.8

4.8

4.65

4.3

July.

4.3

2.95

2.75

2.55

2.4

2.5

2.2

2.15

2.1

2.05

2.0

1.95

1.95

2.0

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.8

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.85

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

Aug.

1.65

1.7

1.7

1.9

1.8

1.75

1.75

1.8

1.65

2.15

2.3

2.9

2.4

2.0

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.55

1.5

1.5

2.4

3.15

3.6

2.9

2.45

2.2

1.95

2.0

Sept.

1.9

1.7

1.65

1.6

1.65

1.65

2.85

2.95

6.10

6.7

5.55

3.55

2.95

6.15

7.05

8.35

9

1

9

0

9 1

8.4

7.05

5.6

4.75

4.15

4.8

7.8

8.75

9.85

U n

15.9

Oct.

15.55

14.0

13.0

12.4

11.65

11.10

10.65

10.0

9.45

0 A

7.85

7.1

6.65

6.2

6.0

5.85

5.6

5.45

5.2

5.1

5.05

5.35

6.35

7.4

6.8

6.05

5.75

5.4

5.25

5.2

Nov.

5.2

5.0

4.75

4.7

4.75

4.9

5.25

5.35

5.55

5.45

5.4

8.1

9.25

9.7

9.8

9.7

9.25

9.2

9.85

9.5

9.4

8.95

8.15

7.35

6.75

6.35

6.25

6.0

6.1

6.0

Dec.

5.9

5.95

5.7

5.55

5.45

5.3

5.3

5.25

5.3

5.4

5.9

6.4

6.45

6.15

5.9

5.9

5.85

5.95

6.15

6.5

7.0

9.85

9.9

9.85

8.3

7.5

7.65

7.95

8.55

7.95

6.5

o Gage heights to top of ice Jan. 4 to 10.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 3 to 12. 

70057° wsp 305 13 11
162 SUKFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorvilk, III.,

for 1911.

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...-..-..-..-..

4.. .............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14. ..............

15. ..............

16...............

17...............

18. ..............

19. ..............

20. ..............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24. ..............

25...............

26. ..............

27. ..............

28...............

29. ..............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

782

530

*

140

1,300

2,940

2,440

2 Q7ft

1,320

950

400

qoft

343

934

197

234

424

439

ft EC

853

853

Feb.

674

500

363

306

266

248

279

284

306

302

274

230

917

91 Q

243

284

9Q7

385

490

694

656

Kftft

481

OQ1

374

542

481

Mar.

OJO

284

266

209

189

213

500

901

926

782 " inn

358

9Q9

261

225

ion

185

161

1 ^ft

130

121

11C

11C

140

1QQ

150

Apr.

10A

121

209

ino

1,170

1,400

1,170

758

432

328

284

1,270

1 QOft

1 440

i i ^n

782

481

374

01 C

238

177

205

1QO

1QQ

oQft

May.

638

1,070

1,220

674

380

297

248

217

205

193

173'

150

136

124

115

109

106

103

100

94

161

121

QA

82

74

70

64

62

60

58

June.

62

58

54

50

44

42

44

38

38

36

34

30

28

27

27

27

27

82

77

38

30

27

24

30

30

177

225

147

136

115

July.

115

48

40

32

27

30

21

20

18

16

15

14

14

15

13

12

11

10

10

11

10

10

10

12

11

9

9

9

9

Aug.

8

9

9

13

11

10

10

11

8

20

24

46

27

15

11

9

7

7

7

5

6

5

5

27

56

77

46

28

21

14

15

Sept.

13

9

8

7

8

8

44

48

252

306

205

74

48

256

338

.520

758

853

758

530

338

209

144

106

147

424

622

1,120

2,140

4,140

Oct.

3,970

3,200

2,700

2,400

2,020

1,740

1,520

1,200

926

530

432

343

302

261

243

230

209

197

177

169

165

189

284

274

374

315

248

221

193

181

177

Nov.

177

161

144

140

144

154

181

189

205

197

193

472

829

1,050

1,100

1,050

829

805

1,120

950

901

694

481

310

274

266

243

252

243

Dec.'

234

238

217

205

197

185

185

181

185

193

234

279

284

256

234

234

230

238

256

288

333

1,120

1,150

1,120

509

385

404

447

566

447

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a discharge rating curve well defined between 58 and 1,440 

second-feet (gage heights, 3.2 and 10.5 feet). Daily discharge, Jan. 3 to 12, estimated, because of ice, from 

climatologic records and discharge of adjacent drainage areas. Mean discharge, Jan. 3 to 12, estimated 

118 second-feet, varying from about 40 to 300 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of South Fork of Sangamon River near Taylorville, III., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 427 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May....................................

July....................................

September. .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,970

694 

926 

2,020 

1,220 

' 225 

115 

77 

4,140 

3,970 

1,120 

1,150

4,140

Minimum.

213 

115 

121 

58 

24 

9 

5 

7 

165 

140 

181

5

Mean.

642 

384 

285 

622 

266 

60.1 

19.4 

18.3 

481 

819 

471 

365

369

Per

square 

mile.

1.50 

.899 

.667 

1.46 

.623 

.141 

.045 

.043 

1.13 

1.92 

1.10 

.855

.864

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.73 

.94 

.77 

1.63 

.72 

.16 

.05 

.05 

1.26 

2.21 

1.23 

.99

11.74

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

C. 

B.

a See footnotes to table of daily discharge.
UPPBB MISSISSIPPI EIVER BASINS. 163

SALT GREEK NEAE KENNEY, ILL.

Location. At highway bridge, about 3 miles west of Kenney, 111., near the west

boundary of T. 19 N., R. 1 E., about three-fourths of a mile below the Vandalia

Railroad bridge.

Records available. February 14, 1908, to December 31, 1911. 

Drainage area. 459 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to the bridge; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Section is at a pool; discharge measurements to date indicate that the

point of control is not changing.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Floods. The flood of 1882 is said to have been 1J feet higher than that of 1908, or to

have reached a height of about 16 feet by the present gage datum. 

Winter flow. Ice affects the relation between gage height and discharge during

portions of December, January, and February.

Discharge measurements of Salt Creek, near Kenney, III., in 1911.

Date.

Mar. 22

Oct. 12

Hydrographer. '

P. S.Monk.. ....................... ....................................'..

Gage 

height.

Feel. 

2.36

3.83

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

119

383

Daily gage height, in feet, of Salt Creek near Kenney, III., for 1911. 

[Chris. McDermott, observer.]

Day.

1. ..............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13

14. ..............

15...............

16. ..............

17...............

18...............

19. ..............

20. ..............

21...............

22............... 

23...............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27. ..............

28...............

29. ..............

30. .............. 

31...............

Jan.

«2.9

2.85

2.55

2.5

2.45

2.25

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

8.0

8.2

8.7

7.8

5.0

4.R5

4.75

5.0

4.8

4.05

4.1

o6.2

9.5

7.2

6.85

5.25 

4.5

Feb.

3.75

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.5

2.65

2.75

2.5

2.55

2.5

3.0

4.0

3.85

3.65

3.6

3.65

3.7

3.4

3.3

3.2

2.85

2.8

2.75

2.55

2.55

.......

Mar.

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.25

2.2

3.0

4.4

4.4

4.0

3.25

3.55

3.35

3.25

3.25

2.85

2.75

2.7

2.65

2.5

2.4

2.5 

2.25

2.2

2.15

2.25

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.4 

2.3

Apr.

2.25

2.2

2.25

2.8

3.25

3.6

3.45

3.6

3.25

3.1

2.9

2.9

3.7

5.8

6.0

5.7

5.2

4.5

4.2

4.0

4.0

3.9 

3.6

3.3

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.95

3.05

3.2

May.

3.2

3.2

3.0

2.85

2.75

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.25

2.2

2.1

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

2.2

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.85

1.75

l-1.

l.f

2.1

1.8 

1.9

June.

1.95

1.85

1.75

1.75

1.7

1.7

1.75

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.45

1.35

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.25

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3 

1.3

1.35

1.5

1.45

1.5

1.35

1.3

1.25

July.

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.15

1.05

1.0

1.0

2.25

1.8

1.35

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.2

1.05

1.0

1.0

1.0 

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.05

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Aug.

1.55

1.3

1.2

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.95

.95

.95

.95

1.2

1.0

1.0

.95

1.0

1.0

1.0 

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.2

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0 

1.0

Sept.

0.95

.95

.95

.95

.95

.9

1.0

2.85

1.85

1.5

4.1

5.6

6.15

3.7

3.5

4.25

4.2

3.65

3.65

3.6

3.1

2.95 

2.5

2.45

9.7

9.7

9.0

8.2

9.1

8.1

Oct.

7.1

8.0

7.9

7.0

6.7

5.9

4.4

4.9

4.6 

4 ^

4.05

3.85

3.7

3.5

3 A

3.3

3.5

3.45

3.25

3.0

3.0

3.25 

3.8

3.7

3.5

3.3

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.85 

2.9

Nov.

2.8

2.75

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.8

2.9

3.0

2.95

2.9

2.9

4.95

5.7

5.4

5.0

A A.K

5.7

6.55

6.45

6.1

5.35

4.8 

4.6

4

O

4.1

3.9

3.75

4.2

3

0

3.65

Dec.

^ o

3.5

3.45

3.25

3 1

3 n

2 AC

O QE

3.0

3 AC

3

0

3.35

3.3

3.2

3 A.

3.15

3.1

3.0

2.85

2.85

3.6

4.7

5

*7

5.5

5.05

4.7

5.2

4.85

4.4

4.5

A. 1

a Jan. 1 to 26, observer reported gage heights read to top of ice; Jan. 3, ice from 5 to 9 inches thick, and 

Jan. 10 ice 7 to 10 inches thick in the vicinity of the gage. It is probable that, subsequent to Jan. 13, the 

effect of backwater was very small.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice about Jan. 4 to 13.
164 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAST V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Salt Creek near Kenney, III., for 1911.

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15. . .............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

206

197

145

2,050

2,290

1,850

770

692

770

707

660'

481

AQK

1,170

2,690

1,580

1,430

Feb.

399

335

288

225

188

137

162

179

137

l/iA

137

130

225

467

373

360

373

386

311

OQQ

266

107

1SS

14.1;

1AK

Mar.

107

122

108

102

95

584

584

277

348

300

277

277

197

179

170

162

102

QK

QQ

153

I*}?

130

122

ins

Apr.

1fi9

QK

102 -|QQ

277

OCA

360

277

04. c

206

206

386

1,030

1,100

999

834

614

4.fi7

^qn

OCA

288

245

OOK

225

216

235

266

May.

266

266

225

197

179

1 CO

137

130

122

102

.95

QO

70

70

70

70

V)

59

95

70

70

59

CJ.

44

40

40

82

49

59

June.

64>;/i

44

40

40

44

40

32

28

25

22

16

19

16

16

12

14

19

19

14

14

14

16

25

22

25

16

14

12

July.

10

8

8

3

6

3

8

4

K

3

3

102

49

16

10

10

6

10

4.5

3

3

3

3

3

3

4. *,

6

3

3

3

3

Aug.

28

14

10

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

2

2

2

2

10

3

3

2

3

3

3

3

6

3

10

6

3

3

3

3

Sept.

2

2

2

2

1

3

197

25

966

1,150

386

335

539

524

373

373

360

245

216

137

130

2,790

2,790

2,430

2,050

2,480

2,000

Oct.

1,530

1,950

1,900

1,490

1,370

1,070

584

738

645

554

481

426

386

335

311

288

335

323

277

225

225

277

412

386

335

288

266

225

206

197

206

Nov.

188

179

153

153

153

188

206

225

216

206

206

754

999

900

770

599

999

1,310

1,270

1,140

884

707

645

554

495

439

399

524

412

373

Dec.

439

335

323

277

245

225

216

216

225

235

266

300

288

266

225

256

245

225

197

197

360

676

999

933

786

676

834

722

584

614

554

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a discharge rating curve fairly well defined between 10 and 467 

second-feet (gage heights 1.2 and 4 feet). Above 4 feet the rating curve is based on one discharge measurement at gage height 10.5 feet. Recent measurements appear to indicate that some of the early low-water disestimated about 62 second-feet, varying from about 45 to 100 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Salt Creek near Kenney, III., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 459 square miles.]

Month.

April ...................................

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,690

467 

584 

1,100 

266 

64 

102 

28 

2,790 

1,950 

1,310 

999

2,790

Minimum.

130

88 

95 

40 

12 

3 

2 

1 

197 

153 

197

1

Mean.

740 

252 

199 

389 

105 

26 

10.1 

4.9 

703 

588 

542 

417

331

Per 

square 

mile.

1.61 

.549 

.434 

.847 

.229 

.057 

.022 

.011 

1.53 

1.28 

1.18 

.908

.721

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.86 

.57 

.50 

.94 

.26 

.06 

.03 

.01 

1.71 

1.48 

1.32 

1.05

9.79

Accuracy.

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

C. 

C.

c.

D. 

B. 

B.

A. 

A.

a See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.
UPPEK MISSISSIPPI EIVEB BASINS. 165

CAHOKIA CHEEK NEAR POAG, ILL.

Location. At the Wabash Railroad bridge about three-fourths of a mile northeast 

of the Wabash Railroad station at Poag, 111.

Records available. December 13, 1909, to December 31,1911.

Drainage area. 259 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage fastened to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Floods. Maximum gage height since establishment of gage 19.0 feet (discharge 

estimated about 3,600 second-feet) occurred in October, 1911. See footnotes to 

tables of daily gage height and daily discharge. No record of floods prior to the 

establishment of the gage is available.

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation between gage height and discharge during 

short periods in December, January, and February.

Remarks. The data collected are being used by the East Side Levee and Sanitary 

District of East St. Louis, 111., in its study for flood control and prevention at that 

place. Cahokia Creek will soon be diverted westward into Mississippi River north 

of East St. Louis instead of flowing into the river south of East St. Louis.

Discharge measurements of Cahokia Creek near Poag, III., in 1911.

Date.

Mar. 15

Oct. 18

Hydrographer.

P. S.Monk.... ..........................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.22

3.13

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

74

39.5

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cahokia Creek near Poag, III., for 1911. 

[S. T. Sanders, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............'

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

3b

31...............

Jan.

6.0

6.8

7.0

6.2

5.0

4.8

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.3

4.2

4.6

5.0

4.3

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.8

10.3

6.0

5.1

4

C

Feb.

4.2

4.0

3 7

3.6

3.7

4.7

5.2

4.7

4.2

4.0

4.7

3.9

3.9

4.0

5.0

6.0

8.5

6.5

10.0

9.2

6.4

4.3

5.0

4.2

5.6

11.0

10.5

8.0

Mar.

6.2

5.0

4.2

3.2

3.0

3.0

11.2

12.7

1C. 2

7.0

6.0

5.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.3

4.1

4.1

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.7

4.0

6.0

5.2

4.3

3.5

3.4

Apr.

3.6

3.5

4.2 ^ n

6.2

5.1

4.4

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.6

4.7

5.0

13.5

13.0

12.0

8.0

5.4

5.0

10.6

8.0

6.2

4.6

4.3

4.1

4.0

3.9

4.7

9.0

14.7

May.

15.9

16.0

14.0

10.2

7.0

5.2

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.7

2.8

2.8

3.0

3.4

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

June.

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.2

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.6

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1-8

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.9

3.0

3.4

3.0

2.8

2.6

July.

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.2.

2.1

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

4.X)

2.0

Aug.

1.8

1.7

1.6

2.0

2.7

2.6

2.4

3.0

7.2

5.0

8.0

5.2

4.0

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.2

5.0

3.8

3.5

3.2

3.0

3.4

8.4

6.0

4.2

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.3

Sept.

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.9

7.0

9.0

6.2

4.6

3.0

4.0

6.2

4.2

3.0

2.8

2.6

9.0

13.2

10.0

6.4

5.0

3.4

3.0

2.8

2.5

6.0

16.0

12.2

7.0

5.1

3.4

Oct.

8.2

14.6

ol9.0

017.2

12.0

8.3

6.1

8.0

7.2

5.0

4.6

4.3

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.2

3.0

2.9

5.0

5.4

4.0

3.4

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.9

3.0

3.7

Nov.

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

3.0

6.0

9.0

8.1

5.0

4.2

3.8

8.0

10.2

8.2

7.4

6.2

5.5

8.0

10.2

8.0

7.2

6.0

5.4

5.8

5.4

5.0

4.5

4.3

6.3

5.0

Dec.

4.8

4.5

4.3

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.7

5.9

5.2

6.0

8.2

6.0

5.6

5.4

6.0

5.4

6.2

6.0

6.8

10.0

12.1

8.0

6.2

5.8

5.7

8.0

10.3

7.1

6.4

6.0

o Oct. 3 and 4, extremely high stage caused by levee built by the East Side Levee and Sanitary District, 

which cut off flow into flood channel and confined entire flow to the main channel.
166 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of CahoMa Creek near Poag, III., for 1911.

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

5...............

6...............

7.. .............

8.... ...........

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14................

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24. ..............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

167

230

249

180

113

103

93

88

S3

S3

7Q

7Q

75

no

113

79

67

£9

53

50

47

47

41

41

CQ

692

167

88

Feb.

71

67

56

CO

56

98

, 123

98

75

67

E8

63

63

67

167

420

204

641

517

79

71

143

811

726

359

Mar.

ISA

75

41

qc

qc

QAQ

1,150

675

94Q

167

1OO

75

75

71

71

71

79

71

71

63

63

Cn

CQ

56

67

167

7Q

Kf\

47

Apr.

53

Cfl

75

180

QQ

75

67

Cn

CO

98

1,330

1,210

1,000

OKA

1QQ

74Q

qcn

180

93

79

71

67

63

QQ

488

1 

' 640

May.

2 con

2

Aon

1 440

'fi?^

94Q

123

71

67

63

59

56

CO

ttf\

Kf\

47

47

44

OQ

qc

29

01

01

qc

47

9Q

97

25

23

91

21

June.

19

19

17

17

1 i

in

00

19

15

15

iq

iq

11

111111

iq

iq

1111

9

13

35

47

35

31

27

July.

OK

OQ

91

21

IQ

in

17

15

iq

iq

iq

1111

Q

g

7

7

7

K

* 5

5

5

7

9

7

5

e

67

15

Aug.

11

§

7

1^

29

07

00

qc

9fiQ

qcn

loq

67

50

47

44

44

RA

Cfl

41

35

47

Aft7

467

75

CO

53

47

44

Sept.

41

qo

35

qq

249

AQQ

180

Q3

qc

67

180

75

3^

qi

97

AQQ

1,260

196

1 1^

47

35.

qi

OK

167

2,630

1 040

249

47

Oct.

qoq

1,610

03 goo

a2,700

1,000

°.Q1

qcn

269 -ilq

93

79

71

63

IQ

56

Cfl

47

41

qc

qq

iqq

67

47

41

qo

qc

°.^.

qc

56

Nov.

47

44

qo

qc

167

488

371

75

CQ

qcn

fi?^

qoq

9On

180

359

675

qeQ.

oon

167

iqq

155

133

i iq

QQ

79

188

Dec.

103

QQ

7Q

71

67

63

69

ifi

161

1OO

167

383

167

143

133

ier

180

167

230

641

1,020

qCQ

180

155

14Q

qcn

692

259

1Qf>

167

o Daily discharge Oct. 3 and 4 estimated (because of change in relation of gage height to discharge as 

noted under table of daily gage height) by means of an extension of discharge rating curve for unrestricted 

flow, above about 1,740 second-feet (gage height 15 feet),based upon a discharge measurement, in main 

channel only, of 2,320 second-feet at gage height 16.25 feet, as determined on Oct. 7,1910.

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a discharge rating curve well denned "between 35 and 1,350 

second-feet (gage heights 3 and 13.6 feet). Above 1,350 second-feet (gage height 13.6 feet) the discharge 

rating curve is based on one discharge measurement at gage height 16.25 feet, made Oct. 7,1910. No ice 

reported at this station; relation of gage height to discharge probably not affected by ice during 1911.

Monthly discharge of Cahokia Creek near Poag, III., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 259 square miles.]

Month.

March. .......... ..... ...... .. .

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

692 

811 

1,150 

1,640 

2,630 

47 

67 

407 

2,630 

o3,600 

675 

1,020

o3,600

Minim tun.

41 

53 

35 

50 

21 

9 

5 

7 

25 

33 

35 

56

5

Mean.

114 

201 

165 

305 

280 

17-5 

13.4 

80.8 

290 

382 

211 

223

190

Per 

square 

mile.

0.440 

.776 

.637 

1.18 

1.08 

.068 

.052 

.312 

1.12 

1.47 

.815 

.861

.734

Kun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.51 

.81 

.73 

1.32 

1.24 

.08 

.06 

.36 

1.25 

1.70 

.91 

.99

9.96

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A.

o October maximum estimated. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.
TJPPEB MISSISSIPPI EIVEB BASINS. 167

KASKASKIA RIVER BASIN. 

KASKASKIA RIVER NEAR ARCOLA, ILL.

Location. At highway bridge known as the Bagdad Bridge, about 4 miles west

of Arcola, 111., in the northeast part of T. 14 N., R. 7 E. 

Records available. April 11,1908, to December 31,1911. 

Drainage area. 390 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Probably permanent. Discharge measurements to date indicate that the

point of control is permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge. 

Floods. The flood of May, 1908, reached a height of 17.3 feet on the gage. 

Winter flow. Ice affects the relation between gage height and discharge during

portions of December, January, and February.

The following discharge measurement was made by Monk and Brown: 

Oct. 13, 1911: Gage height, 6.20 feet; discharge, 344 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kaskaskia River near Arcola, III., for 1911. 

« 

[L. L. Pfeifer, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3........ .......

4.. .............

5...............

6...............

7.. .............

' 8.. ............ .

9.... ...........

10...............

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.6

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.0

4 9

4.8

4.6

4.9

6.2

7.4

7.2

7.2

7.1

7.1

7.0

6.9

6.4

6.3

6.1

6.8

7.4

9 1

9.2

10.3

10.2

10.0

Feb.

9-8

Q 1

7.4

6.7

6.1

6.0

6.0

5.9

5 Q

5.8

5.7

5-6

5.5

K. <^

5.7

5.8

6.0

6.1

6.3

6.3

6.2

6.1

6.0

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.4

Mar.

5.4

5.2

5.2

t; i

6.7

7 °.

7.8

7 9

7 ft

7.7

7.6

7.6

7 P»

6 9

6.8

6.7

6.2

6.0

5

0

5.7

5.7

5.5

5.2

5

0

5.1

5.0 '5.0

4 9

Apr.

4.7

6.7

7 9

8.1

9

0

9 9

Q 7

O 1

9 1

Q n

8.6

8 9

9.0

9 3

10.0

9 8

9

«

9-6

Q \

9.3

9 0

8

0

8.7

8.6

8.5

8.4

8.4

8.3

8.0

7 9

May.

7.5

7.4

7.2

7.0

R Q

6.7

6.4

6.0

5 9

f, 7

5.7

5.6

5.5

5

0

5.1

5.0

5.0

4 9

4 9

4.8

4.6

A OK

4.3

4.25

4.1

4.0

3

7K

3.6

3.35

3.0

2.85

June.

2.9

2.8

2.65

3.0

3.0

4.0

3.3

2.75

2.2

2.45

2.4

2.1

9 1

2.05

1 95

1.9

1.85

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.8

2.15

2.1

1.95

1.8

1.8

July.

1.65

1.6

1.45

1.5

i ii

1.4

1.4

1.25

1 0

11^

1.15

1.1

1.0

on

1.0

.85

.75

.8

.8

,75

.8

.75

.7

.55

.6

.6

.65

9

.85

Aug.

0.9

.75

.8

.75

7^

.85

1.0

1.1

1.05

QE

QC

1.0

1.0

QC

QP;

1 9

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.6

2 A

2.05

2.05

1-95

2.0

1 9

1.85

1.75

1.75

1.7

Sept.

1.7

1.65

1.75

1.85

1 9

2.0

i QC;

2.05

2.05

2.2

3.0

3.25

4.05

\ Vi

4.8

5.1

5.3

6.0

6.1

6.15

6.25

6.5

6.6

6.55

6.75

6

CJK

10.0

14.2

15.1

Oct.

14.6

14.2

13.8

13.2

11.1

8.6

7.75

7.7

7.65

7.55

7.2

7-05

6.4

6.0

5.9

5.9

5.8

5.6

5.9

6.0

6.1

fi 9

6.1

6.0

5.8

5.7

5.4

5.4

K O

5.1

Nov.

5.1

5.1

5.0

5.0

4 Q

4.9

4.8

4.7

4.5

4.5

4.4

7.6

7.8

8.0

8.1

8.2

8.2

8.3

8.4

8.4

8.4

8-3

8.1

7.0

7.8

7.6

7.6

7.4

7.2

7.0

Dec.

6.9

6.7

6.5

6.4

6.2

6.0

5.8

5.8

5.7

5.4

5.2

5.0

4.9

\ Q

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.6

4.8

\ Q

5.1

5.3

5.3

1 9

5.2

5.4

5.6

5.9

NOTE. No notes relative to ice given by gage observer. Relation of gage height to discharge probably 

not affected by ice during 1911.
168 SUSP ACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofKaskaskia River near Arcola, III., for 1911.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16. ..............

17...............

18...............

If ..............

20...............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25. ..............

26. ..............

27...............

28. ..............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

276

254

244

244

244

234

234

214

214

205

196

178

205

345

537

500

500

482

482

465

448

372

358

332

432

537

971

1,000

1,360

1,330

1,260

Feb.

i ion

971

537

416

332

320

320

309

309

298

287

276

265

265

287

298

320

358

358

345

332

320

298

287

276

265

Mar.

254

9d4

234

234

224

416

518

620

642

598

£77

K77

557

448

448

432

416

386

345

320

298

287

265

934

234

994.

214

214

205

Apr.

1527

642

689

1,030

1,230

1,160

1,100

971

940

R99

909

940

1 030

1 9fifl

1,190

1,130

1,130

1,070

1,030

940

879

850

822

794

767

767

740

660

642

May.

KE7

537

500

ARti

448

416

372

320

309

287

287

276

OftK

224

214

214

205

 205

196

17S

158

154

150

138

130

110

98

80

58E/i

June.

53

AQ

40

CO

67

58

94

130

77

46

21

31

29

20

18

18

16

15

14

12

11

8

6

5.5

10

20

18

14

10

10

July.

7

6

4.5

E

4.5

4

2.5

3

1.8

1.8

1.5

1

.8

1

.6

.7

,4

.5

* 5

,4

.5

.4

.3

0

.1

,1

.2

.7

.6

Aug.

0.7

.5

.4

.4

.6

1

1.5

1.2

.8

0.8

1

1

.8

.8

2

2

1.8

1.8

1.8

6

15

16

16

14

15

12

11

9

9

8

Sept.

8

7

9

11

12

15

14

16

16

21

58

74

134

158

196

224

244

320

332

338

352

3§2

386

401

394

424

456

1,260

2,750

3,080

Oct.

2,900

2,750

2,610

2,390

1 fiAf\

822

609

598

588

567

500

474

372

320

320

309

309

298

276

309

320

332

345

332

320

298

287

254

254

234

224

Nov.

224

224

214

214

205

205

196

187

170

170

162

577

620

665

689

714

714

740

767

767

767

740

689

642

020

577

577

537

500

465

Dec.

MA

416

386

372

345

320

298

298

287

254

234

214

205

205

196

187

178

178

170

178

196

205

214

224

244

244

234

234

254

276

309

a July 11 and Aug. 11, observer reported river "standing in pools, not running." Determinations of 

daily discharge during July and August are approximate, but the flow is believ 

July 11 and Aug. 11. The gage is in a large pool and the gage reader would pi

eved not to have been zero on

. ., __ _0. . Tne gage is in a large pool ana tne gage reader wouia probably be unable to detect 

very low velocities.

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a discharge rating curve well defined between 43 and 665 secondfeet (gage heights 2.7 and 8 feet) and fairly well defined between 689 and 1,360 second-feet (gage heights 8.1 

and " 10.3 feet).

Monthly discharge of Kaskaskia River near Arcola, III., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 390 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,360 

1,190 

642 

1,260 

557 

130 

7 

16 

3,080 

2,900 

767 

448

3,080

Minimum.

178 

254 

205 

187 

50 

5.5 

o.O 

0.4 

7 

224 

162 

170

.0

Mean.

473 

372 

373 

891 

253 

32.6 

1.82 

4.91 

402 

715 

485 

258

354

Per 

square 

mile.

1.21

.954^ 

.956 

2.28 

.649 

.084 

.0047 

.013 

1.03 

1.83 

1.24 

..662

.908

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.40 

.99 

1.10 

2.54 

.75 

.09 

.005 

.01 

1.15 

2.11 

1.38 

.76

12.28

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

B. 

B. 

A, 

A.

See footnotes to table of daily discharge.
MISSISSIPPI KWE& BASINS.

KASKASKIA EIVEE AT SHELBYVILLE, ILL.

Location. At highway bridge in the eastern edge of Shelbyville, 111., just above

the Chicago & Eastern Illinois and Big Four railroad bridges. 

Records available. February 25, 1908, to December 31, 1911. 

Drainage area. 1,030 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Somewhat shifting; section is at a pool, and the point of control has

remained unchanged. 

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge and short

approaches. 

Floods. Maximum gage height since establishment of the gage is 25.8 feet, which

occurred in May, 1908. No records of floods prior to establishment of gage are

available. 

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation between gage height and discharge during

portions of December, January, and February.

The following discharge measurement was made by Monk and Brown: 

October 4, 1911: Gage height, 19.92 feet; discharge, 6,940 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, ofKaskaskia River at Shelbyville, III., for 1911. 

[Homer Pound, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14. ..............

15. ..............

16...............

17. ..............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24. ..............

25. ..............

26. ..............

27...............

28. ..............

29. ..............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

8.9

9.0

9.1

9 9

010.3

olO.S

a 10. 3

«9.6

o9.9

o8.1

7.6

7.1

10.4

14.8

15.8

13.8

11.5

10.4

10.1

9.7

9.2

9.2

8.6

8.3

7.9

8.1

8.7

12.4

13.1

12.9

Feb.

12.5

12.3

11.9

10.4

9.5

9.4

9 3

9.2

8.2

8.1

8.4

8.2

7.9

7.1

8.4

8.7

9.1

9.8

10.4

10.5

10.2

9.8

9.5

9.2

9.1

9.1

8.9

8.6

Mar.

8.3

8.1

7.9

7.8

7.7

7.6

9.4

11.6

11.7

11.4

10.9

10.6

10.1

9.6

8.9

8.6

8.3

8.0

7.8

7.7

7.6

7.4

7.3

7.2

7.1

7.2

7.4

7.3

7.3

7.3

7.1

Apr.

7.1

7.1

7.7

10.2

145

18.9

14.5

13.3

13.1

12.3

11.5

10.6

10.1

14.7

16.6

16.1

15.1

13.6

13.1

12.15

11.1

10.15

9.6

9.1

8.75

8.5

8.15

8.3

8.3

9.35

May.

10.4

10.1

9.65

9.2

8.65

8.4

8.1

7.85

7.7

7.6

7.45

7.3

7.15

7.1

7.0

6.85

6.8

6.7

6.65

6.9

8.45

7.5

7.3

7.05

6.8

6.6

6.35

6.3

6.45

6.4

6.4

June.

6.25

6.2

6.1

6.05

6.1

6.05

6.1

6.1

6.05

6.1

6.0

5.95

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.65

5.7

5.55

5.6

5.55

5.6

5.6

5.55

5.6

5.55

5.8

5.75

5.7

5.5

5.35

July.

5.25

5.5

5.35

5.4

5.25

5.3

5.3

5.25

5.3

5.25

5.8

5.25

5.2

5.2

5.15

5.1

5.1

5.05

5.2

5.15

5.2

5.2

5.05

5.1

5.05

5.1

5.05

5.1

5.1

5.05

5.1

Aug.

5.05

5.1

5.15

5.2

5.2

5.25

5.3

5.25

5.2

5.15

5.05

5.05

5.05

5.05

5.1

5.05

4.95

4.95

4.95

5.0

4.95

4.85

4.75

5.25

5.3

5.35

5.45

5.35

5.25

5.3

5.15

Sept.

5.15

5.05

5.05

5.1

5.15

5.25

5.45

5.75

5.7

5.45

6.45

7.75

11.15

9.6

8.65

9.15

9.75

8.85

8.8

8.85

8.15

7.75

7.35

7.1

11.05

12.75

12.35

16.55

19.7

22.75

Oct.

22.25

21.5

20.55

19.15

18.4

17.4

15.8

14.8

13.3

12.2

11.4

10.9

10.2

9.8

9.4

9.0

8.9

8.7

8.5

9.0

10.0

10.9

11.0

11.2

11.4

11.7

11.0

9.9

9.5

9.0

8.6

Nov.

8.3

8.0

7.4

7.6

7.8

7.9

7.7

7.6

7.6

7.7

7.8

10.2

10.5

10.7

10.5

10.4

12.2

12.4

12.5

12.0

11.8

11.5

11.2

10.7

10.2

9.8

9.5

9.1

8.8

8.5

Dec.

8.3

8.2

8.1

8.0

7.9

7.7

7.1

7.2

7.4

7.6

7.7

7.8

7.8

7.9

8.0

8.0

8.1

8.0

7.9

8.2

8.6

8.9

8.0

9.1

9.0

9.2

9.0

8.9

8.7

8.5

8.8

a Gage heights to top of ice Jan. 5 to 10. 

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 3 to 10.
170 SURFACE VPATEtt SUPPLY, 1011, PAftT V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kaskaskia River at Shelbyville, III., for 1911.

Day.

1. ..............

2........----.-.

6....--.-......-

7..-..-..-.-..--

8. ....-.-..--..-

g

,0. ..............

12...............

13. ..............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

21...............

22.. .............

O'J

24...............

25...............

26. ..............

97

28...............

29. --..---..-.... 

30. ..............

31

Jan.

1,150

1,190

ol,100

ol,000

o950

o910

o860

o810

a 760

o714

666

494

1,810

4,650

3,540

2,350

1,810

1,680

1,490

1,270

1 '918 030

774

846

1,070

3,160 

3,050

2

Qtn

Feb.

2,850

2,750

2,550

1,810

1,400

1,360

1,310

1,270

882

846

956

882

774

494

956

1,070

1,540

1,810

1 860

1,720

1 540

1,400

1,270

1 9^fl

1 93fl

1,150

1 030

Mar.

918 846-

774

738

702

666

1,360

2,400

9 nsn

1,910

1,680

1,450

1,030

918

810

738

702

666

596

CfiO

528

494

528

596

CftO

562 

562

4O4

Apr.

494

494

702

1,720

3 Q9fl

2,750

2,350

1,910

1,680

4 040

5,100

4,820

3,430

3,160

2,680

2 1 *\C\

1,700

1 oon

I

AQfl

994

864

918

918 

1,340

May.

1,810

1,680

1,470

1,270

1,050

956

846

756

7fl9

666

562

511

At\A

460

OQO

358

041

Q7C

630

eco

- 477

392

240

224

273 

256 

256

June.

208

192

160

145

160

145

160

160

145

160

130

109

90

73

66

73

52

<;s

S9

58

58

CO

58

CO

90

QO

70

45 

30

July.

22

45

30

34

22

25

25

22

25

22

90

22

18

18

16

13

12

18

16

18

12

1 o

13

12

13

13 

12

1 0

Aug.

12

13

16

18

18

22

25

22

18

16

12

12

12

12

13

12

9

9

9

10

9

7

5.5

22

25

3fl

40

30

22 

25 

16

Sept.

16

12

12

13

16

22

40

82

73

40

273

720

2,180

1,450

1,050

1,250

1,520

1,130

1,110

1,130

864

720

579

494

2,980

2 780

5,070

6,920 

8,750

Oct.

8,450

8,000

7,430

6,590

6,150

5,560

4,650

4,090

3,260

2,700

2,300

2,050

1,720

1,540

1,360

1,190

1,150

1,070

994

1,190

1,630

2,050

2,100

2,200

2,300

2,450

1,580

1,400 

1,190 

1,030

Nov.

918

810

596

666

738

774

702

666

666

702

738

1,730

1,860

1,960

1,860

1,810

2,700

2,800

2,850

2,600.

2,500

2,350

2,200

1,960

1,720

1,540

1,400

1,230

1,110 

994

Dec.

918

882

846

810

774

702

494k

528

596

666

702

738

738

774

810

810

846

810

774

882

1,030

1,150

810

1,230

1,190

1,270

1,190

1,150

1,070 

994 

1,110

o Daily discharge Jan. 3 to 10, estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records, run-off in adjacent 

drainage areas, and observer's notes.

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a discharge rating curve well defined between 224 and 7,100 

second-feet (gage heights 6.3 and 20 feet). Above 6,500 second-feet (gage height 19.0 feet) the rating curve 

is a tangent. The relation of gage height to discharge during high water is liable to be affected by backwater 

caused by drift lodging at the two railroad bridges below the gaging station.

Monthly discharge of Kaskaskia River at Shelbyville, III., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,030 square miles.]

Month.

April.... ................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,650 

2,850 

2,450 

6,540 

1,810 

208 

90 

40 

8,750 

8,450 

2,850 

1,270

8,750

Minimum.

494 

494 

494 

494 

224 

30 

12 

5.5 

12 

994 

596 

494

5.5

Mean.

1,650 

1,400 

1,020 

2,430 

657 

102 

21.2 

16.8 

1,450 

2,950 

1,500 

880

1,170

Per 

square 

mile.

1.60 

1.36 

.990 

2.36 

.638 

.099 

.021 

.016 

1.41 

2.86 

1.46 

.854

1.14

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.84 

1.42 

1.14 

2.63 

.74 

.11 

.02 

.02 

1.57 

3.30 

1.63 

.98

15.40

Accuracy.

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

a See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge.

6 Attention is called to the fact that yearly mean discharge for 1909, published as 1,240 second-feet (WaterSupply Paper U. S. Geol. Survey No. 265, p. 197) should be 1,170 second-feet.
I7PPEB MISSISSIPPI BIVER BASINS. 171

KASKASKIA BIVER AT VANDALIA, ILL.

Location. At highway bridge at the east end of Main Street, Vandalia, 111.

Records available. February 26, 1908, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 1,980 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Somewhat shifting; section is at a pool and the point of control is apparently permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Floods. The flood of May, 1908, reached a height of 21.2 feet on the gage.

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation between gage heights and discharge during portions of December, January, and February.

Remarks. The river is leveed along the left bank for some miles above and below the 

station. It is claimed that the levees, by confining the floods, cause unusual 

floods along the right bank, and lawsuits to recover damages have resulted. During 

extreme floods the levees sometimes give way and so reduce the flood flow; this 

occurred during the floods of May, 1908, and October, 1911, flood water for several 

days passing around the gaging station. Former statements that all the flood 

water eventually passed the gaging station are in error.

Discharge measurements of Kaskaskia River at Vandalia, III., in 1911.

Date.

Mar. 17 Oct. 17

Hydrographer.

P. S. Monk.................... ...........................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.04

8.19

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

1,280

1,760

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kaskaskia River at Vandalia, IlL,for 1911. 

[W. F. Radcliff, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...---........-

6.....-........-

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

10

14................

15...............

16...............

17...............

18... ............

19

20...............

21...............

22............... 23........;......

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... <11

Jan.

8.7

9

e.

10.35

8.95

8.8

8.5

7 Q

7.7

7.2

6.6

6.15

5.6

5.35

10.9

14.1

12.95

11 95

10.5

9.6

8.65

7.6

7.85

7.1

6.7

6.5

9.55

12.15

14.0

13.35 

12.45

Feb.

11.6

10.2

o s

8.95

8.6

8.55

8.4

8.3

8.1

7.65

7.15

6.9

6.6

7.35

8.7

9.2

11.15

12.25

12.8

11.0

9.95

9.8

10.2

U Q

12.05

10.4

Mar.

9.35

8.45

7 Q

7.6

8.15

9 75

12.15

H oc

16.2

14.65

12.0

9

KK

8.75

8.55

7.55

7.15

6.75

6.8

6.25

6.0

5.8

5.55

5.3

5.0

5.5

6.1

6.95

6.8

5.65 

5.45

Apr.

5.2

4 95

7.35

11.0

13.05

14.8

14.75

1 J. 1 E

1 > o

12.95

12.35

U OK

11.05

14.75

16.1

15.4

14.95

14.4

11.4

10.25

9.05

8.6

8.25

7.85

7.4

7.25

7.2

13.1

May.

16.3

ifi ^

14.85

9 3

7.95

6.7

6.6

5.1

4.7

4.1

3.85

3.75

3.65

3.6

3.45

3.35

3.3

3.15

9 7*

3.0

6.75

10.05

9.6

9.25

8.7

8.5

8.2

7.4

ft Q

6.5 

6.05

June.

5.4

4

7K

3.85

3.0

2.85

2.8

2.65

2

K

9 f;

2.45

2.45

2.35

2

7K

2.3

2.15

2.15

1.95

1.7

1.55

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.15

2.55

2.8

2.25

July.

2.15

2.1

2.85

2.8

9 7*

2

7c

2.65

2.5

2.4

2.25

2.7

3.6

2.25

1.4

1.35

1.35

1.35

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.15

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.2

1.15 

1.15

Aug.

1.15

ill

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.7

2.2

2.05

1.5

1.3

1.15

1.2

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.05

.85

.85

7K

.8

1.25

1.7

1.7

1.4

1.3

1.15

1.15 

1.15

Sept.

1.15

1.2

1.15

1.15

2.25

3 1

4.1

4.5

4.85

5.2

5.05

5.65

8.55

11.05

11.9

13.3

14.0

10.6

9.35

8.55

7.35

6.65

6.1

5.55

12.3

15.2

15.7

16.35

16.8

Oct.

17.6

19.75

20.4

20.0

19.75

18.75

18.5

18.25

17.7

16.45

15.35

13. -9

11.75

9.45

8.5

7.95

7.75

7.75

7.55

7.3

6.9

10.1

14.15

13.55

11.65

11.15

9.75

9.2

8.7

. 8.5 

8.35

Nov.

8.35

7.4

6.6

6.0

6.1

7 9

8.8

8.15

7.6

6.75

6.35

5.85

5.7

5.4

5.5

9.75

12.2

14.3

13.3

11.3

10.2

9 7

9.8

9.8

9.6

9.05

8.8

8.5

8.3

7.8

Dec.

7.3

7.05

6.95

6.75

6.65

6.4

6.15

5.9

5.9

6.1

7.4

8.7

9.5

9.35

8.4

8.85

9.5

9.5

8.25

10.2

12.8

12.15

9.75

9.0

8.75

8.25 -9.1

7.85

7.75

7.65 

8.2

NOTE. No ice notes kept by observer. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice 

Jan.3and4. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by break in levee on east bank about Oct. 2 to 9.
172 SUKFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kaskaslda River at Vandalia, III., for 1911.

Day*

1........ .......

2...............

3...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16. ..............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27. ..............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1,830

02,000

ol,900

1,870

1,750

1,520

1,270

1,070

942

788

718

2,740

4 200

4,580

3,670

3,210

2,560

2 190

1,810

1,410

1,500

1,230

1,100

1 040

2,170

3

QfV\

3,850

3 J 440

Feb.

3,050

2,760

2,630

2

>iqft

2,070

1,930

1,790

1,770

1,710

1,670

1 600

l'430

1,250

1,170

1,070

1,320

1,830

2,030

2 OKA

3,340

3,600

2,780

2,330

2 97ft

2,430

3,180

3,250

2,520

Mar.

2,090

1,730

1,520

1,410

1,620

2,250

3 qnn

4,610

5,220

4 460

3 93ft

2,540

1,850

1,770

1 9.Qft

1,250

1,120

1 140

Q7ft

QflA

844

774

705

625

760

928

i iftft

1,140

802

746

Apr.

678

612

1,320

2

7QA

3 71ft

4,510

4,220

S QAft

3

OQA

3,670

3

0QA

2 son

2 Qftft

4,510

5,140

5,170

4,820

4,610

4 340

2,960

2,460

1,970

1 7Qft

1,660

1,500

1 340

1 9Sft

1,270

3,740

May.

5,270

5,370

4,560

2,070

1 t\Af\

1,100

1,070

651

551

408

351

Q9Q

307

one

266

OQfi

207

142

180

1,120

2,370

2,190

2 fiP»ft

1,830

1 7f»ft

1,340

1,170

1,040

914

June.

732

KAQ

351

180

1 *»fi

149

128

110

110

104

104

94

142

00

70

70

54

35

26

17

17

17

17

15

14

12

10

116

149

83

July.

73

68

156

149

142

142

128

11-0

QQ

QQ

135

9QA

83

1Q

17

17

17

15

15

14

14

14

10

12

10

10

10

10

12

10

10

Aug.

10

10

12

10

10

10

OK

78

64

24

15

10

12

10

10

10

10

A ^

A C

3.5

4

14

35

35

19

15

10

10

10

Sept.

10

12

10

10

83

198

408

503

588

678

638

802

1,770

2,800

3,180

3,830

4,900

4,150

2,600

2,090

1,770

1,320

1,090

928

774

3,370

4,730

4,970

5,300

5,520

Oct.

5,920

69,000

12,000

13,000

13,000

12,000

ift ftftft

8,000

67,000

4,820

4,100

3,140

2,110

1,750

1,560

1 480

1,480

1,410

1,300

1,170

2,390

4,250

3,970

3,050

2,870

2,270

2 ft3ft

1,830

1,750

1,710

Nov.

1,710

1,340

1,070

Qftft

928

1,270

1,870

1,640

1,410

1 140

1,010

844

816

732

760

2,270

3,320

4,290

3

CQA

2,430

2,230

2,270

2,270

2,190

1,950

1,870

1 7*ift

1,670

1,480

Dec.

1,300

1,200

1,200

1 140

l'070

1,010

956

872

872

928

1 340

1^830

2,150

2,110

1,710

1,870

2,150

2,150

1 640

2 430

3,600

3,320

2,270

1,950

1,870

1 640

1 600

1 480

1^480

1,410

1 

' 640

o Daily discharge Jan. 3 and 4 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records and run-off in adjacent 

drainage areas.

& Daily discharge Oct. 2 to 9 estimated, because break in levee on east bank allowed portion of flow to 

pass around gaging section, by comparison with discharge at Carlyle, 111.

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a discharge rating curve well defined between 78 and 4,150 

second-feet (gage heights 2.2 and 14 feet).

Monthly discharge of Kaskaslda Rifoer at Vandalia, III., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,980 square miles.]

Monfh.

April. . ..................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,580 

3,600 

5,220 

5,170 

5,370 

732 

296 

78 

5,520 

613,000 

4,290 

3,600

613,000

Minimum.

718 

1,070 

625 

612 

142 

10 

10 

3.5 

10 

1,170 

/32 

872

3.5

Mean.

2,180 

2,220 

1,780 

3,050 

1,370 

125 

61.3 

16.8 

1,970 

4,700 

1,810 

1,680

1,740

Per 

square 

mile.

1.10 

1.12 

.899 

1.54 

.692 

.063 

.031 

.0085 

.995 

2.37 

.914 

.849

.879

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area). 

1.27 

1.17 

1.04 

1.72 

.80 

.07 

.04 

.01 

1.11 

2.73 

1.02 

.98

11.96

Accuracy.

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

B. 

C. 

B. 

B.

o See footnotes to table of daily discharge. 

& October maximum discharge estimated.
UPPEE MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASINS. 173

KASKASKIA RIVER AT CARLYLE, ILL.

Location. At the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad bridge about onefourth mile east of the railroad station at Carlyle, 111

Records available. March 2, 1908, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 2,680 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably shifting. Measurements to date indicate that the point of 

control is probably permanent. Main channel is broken by three bridge piers 

and flood channel by four additional piers.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Floods. The flood of 1882, which is the highest known, is said to have attained 

a height of 1| feet above the flood of 1908, or about 32.5 feet on the present gage.

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation between gage height and discharge during, 

portions of December, January, and February.

Regulation. A dam 3J feet high, about 700 feet above the section, is used to store 

water for the city of Carlyle. The average amount pumped is about 3,500,000 

gallons every 30 days, and during June, July, and August about 4,500,000 gallons 

every 30 days. The outfalls of one section of the city sewerage system and some 

private sewers are above the section, so that the diversion is negligible.

Discharge measurements of Kaskaslda River at Carlyle, III., in 1911.

Date.

Mar. 16 

Oct. 19 

Nov. 2

Hydrographer.

P. £

Moi 

P. £

5. Monk...............................................................

5. Monk...............................................................

hSlll

Feet. 

16.62 

18.38 

12.24

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

3,010 

3,160 

1,470

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kaskaskia River at Carlyle, III., for 1911. 

[A. J. Marcham and Geo. Klier, observers.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4.. ............. 

5...............

6............... 

7.. .............

8...............

10............... 

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

1 Q

20. ..............

2i.. .............

22. .............. 

23............... 

24............... 

25...............

26............... 

27............... 

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

10.9

12.3

13.8

15.1

16.3

15.7 

14.3

13.2

12.8

12.3 

11.9

11.4

10.7

9.9

10.8

14.7

17.4

18.6

18.6

16.2

14.4 

12.8 

12.4 

12.0

11.5 

11.0 

11.0

13.7

17.8

18.4

Feb.

18.6

18.2

17.8

16.9 

16.1 

15.0 

14.7

15.5

15.6

15.1 

13.55

12.6

11.75

11.5

11.6

11.95

13.1

14.75

15.8

16.9

18.05

18.9 

19.35 

18.9 

17.8

17.65 

17.2 

18 9

Mar.

18.95

16.7

14.2

12.85 

11.9

11.55 

11.6

15.9

18.65

19.4 

20.0

20.5

20.7

20.6

19.4

16.75

14.0

12.8

12.05

11.9

10.75

10.1 

10.6 

10.25 

10.0

10.05 

10.4 

13.4

13.95

12.3

10.95

Apr.

10.3

9.9

9.8

10.5 

13.4

17.4 

18.5

19.0

19.4

19.6 

19.5

19.3

19.0

19.1

19.9

20.7

20.9

21.2

21.5

21.55

21.6

21.65 

21.7 

21.65 

21.0

19.3 

15.7 

13.2

12.2

14.3

May.

19.8

20.8

21.4

21.7 

21.8

21.6 

19.8

17.7

13.6

11.9 

11.1

10.7

10.4

9.8

9.7

9.4

9.0

8.95

8.7

8.55

8.4

8.3 

12.7 

13.3 

11.8

9.7 

8.9 

8.5

8.2

7.9

7.85

June,

7.7

7.7

7.5

7.45 

7.2

7.15 

7.0

6.9

6.8

6.7 

6.65

6.0

6.0

6.5

6.6

6.55

6.4

6.35

6.3

6.25

6.15

6.1 

6.15 

6.1 

6.05

6.15 

8.0 

7.1

6.4

6.3

July.

6.2

6.1

6.0

5.95 

5.9

6.0 

5.95

5.9

5.85

5.8 

5.75

5.7

6.0

5.9

5.85

5.75

5.65

5.6

5.6

5.55

.......

5.6

5.55

Aug.

.......

5.6

5.55

5.7

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.7

5.8

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.55

5.5

5.6

5.7

Sept.

5.8

5.8

5.7

5. '75

5.7

5.6 

5.6

5.9

6.5

6.9 

7.6

7.8

8.1

8.0

7.0

14.2

15.4

16.7

18.8

19.1

19.2

19.0 

18.3 

17.2 

16.6

15.8 

16.1 

16.5

16.9

17.7

Oct.

18.6

20.2

20.5

24.4 

26.6

27.1

27.2

26.8

26.2

25.5 

25.0

24.5

24.1

23.5

23.2

22.7

21.8

21.0

18.2

15.0

12.9

13.4 

17.1 

18.1 

18.9

19.1

18.6 

17.6

15.1

14.2

13.4

Nov.

12.6

12.0

11.4

11.0 

10.5

10.6 

12.5

13.3

12.7

12.1 

11.7

12.2

16.8

18.6

19.1

19.0

19.4

19.1

18.9

19.4

19.9

20.1 

20.4 

20.2 

19.5

18.2 

17.1 

15.1

14.7

14.3

Dec.

13.7

12.7

12.1

11.8 

11.5

11.3 

10.9

10.7

10.5

10.5 

11.9

14.3

14.3

12.7

11.6

11.5

13.7

16.1

15.7

14.0

15.2

17.9 

18.6 

18.4 

16.6

14.5 

14.3 

14.3

15.6

14.4

13.6

NOTE. No ice notes kept by observer. Relation of gage height to discharge probably not affected by ice 

during 1911. July 21 to 28, July 31 to Aug. 7, Aug. 10, and Aug. 23 to 28, observer reported "Dry beneath 

gage," with a recorded gage height of 5 A feet.
174 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAST V.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Kaskaskia River at Carlyle, III., for 1911.

Day.

1. ..............

2... ............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

19

10

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

22. ..............

23...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

9ft

29...............

30...............

Jan.

1,250

1 630

2,060

2,450

2,830

2 fain

2,210

1,890

1.770

1 Ran

1,520

1,390

1,200

994

1,230

2,330

3,200

3,630

3,800

3,630

2,800

2,240

1,770

1 660

1^550

1,420

1,280

1 9QA

2,030

3,330

3,550

Feb.

3,630

3,470

3

0QA

3,030

2,760

2 49fl

2,580

2,610

2,450

1 QQrt

1,720

1 480

1,420

1,540

1,860

2,340

2,670

3,030

3,420

3,760

3,970

3,760

3,330

3,280

3,130

3,760

Mar.

3

7CA

2 Qfifl

2

1 Qfl

1 790

1^520

1 430

1 440

2 700

3,990

4,330

4,690

A Qftft

4,770

3,990

2,980

2,120

1,770

1,520

1,220

1,060

1,180

1,080

1,020

1,030

i Qf>n

2,110

1,630

1,270

Apr.

1,100

QQ4

968

1 i KJT\

1,950

3,200

3

Qrm

3 990

4,050

3,940

3 son

3,850

4,270

4 860

5' 050

5,380

5,810

5,890

"5 Qfifl

6 040

6,' 110

6 040

5^150

3,940

2 640

1,'890

1,610

2,210

May.

4,210

4,950

5,660

6,110

5,960

4,210

3

onn

2 fMVl

1,520

1,310

1,200

1,120

968

942

865

765

752

690

652

615

590

1,750

1,920

1,500

942

740

640

565

490

478

June

442

442

on A

382

324

313

280

260

220

211

100

inn

184

202

193

166

157

148

140

124

116

124

116

108

124

515

302

166

148

July.

132

116

ion

93

86

100

93

86

79

72

66

59

100

86

79

66

53

47

47

41

35

35

30

30

25

25

25

35

47

' 41

35

Aug.

35

30

30

30

25

25

35

47

41

37

59

86

72 ' 59

47

59

72

86

72

59

47

41

35

35

30

30

30

35

40

47

59

Sept.

72

72

59

66

59

47

86

184

260

418

466

540

515

280

2,180

2,540

2,960

3,710

3,850

3,890

3,800

3,510

3,130

2,930

2,670

2,760

2,900

3,030

3,300

Oct.

3,630

4,460

4,690

10,200

13,600

14,500

10 QAA

13,000

11,900

11,100

10,400

9,760

8,850

8,J90

7,630

6,270

5,150

3,470

2,420

1,800

1,950

3,090

3,440

3,760

3,850

3,630

3,260

2,450

2,180

1,950

Nov.

1,720

1,550 i QQH

1,280

1,150

1,180

1,690

1,920

1,750

1,580

1,470

1,610

2,990

3,630

3,850

3,800

3,990

3,850

3,760

3,990

4,270

4,390

4,610

4,460

4,050

3,470

3,090

2,450

2,330

2,210

Dec.

2 030

1^750

1 %s&\

1,500

1,420

1 360

1^50

1,200

1,150

1,150

1.520

2,210

1,750

1,440

1,420

2,030

2,760

2,640

2,120

2,480

3,370

3,630

3,550

2,930

2,270

2,210

2,210

2,610

2,240

2,000

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of a discharge rating curve well defined between 72 and 

7,180 second-feet (gage heights 5.8 and 22.4 feet). Daily discharge July 21 to 28, July 31 to Aug. 7, Aug. 10, 

and Aug. 23 to 29. estimated, because of observer's inability to obtain gage height, from comparison with 

hydrograph of daily discharge at Vandalia and New Athens, 111.

Monthly discharge of Kaskaskia River at Carlyle, III., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 2,680 square miles.]

Month.

May....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,800 

3,970 

4,860 

6,110 

6,270 

515 

132 

86 

3,890 

14,500 

4,610 

3,630

14,500

Minimum.

994 

1,420 

1,020 

968 

478 

100 

625 

625 

47 

1,800 

1,150 

1,150

625

Mean.

2,140 

2,730 

2,340 

3,780 

2,050 

225 

63.4 

46.3 

1,680 

6,740 

2,780 

2,060

2,220

Per 

square 

mile.

0.799 

1.02 

.873 

1.41 

.765 

.084 

.024 

.017 

.627 

2.52 

1.04 

.769

.829

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.92 

1.06 

1.01 

1.57 

.88 

.09 

.03 

.02 

.70 

2.90 

1.16 

.89

11.23

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

C. 

D. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A.

« See footnote to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge for notes relative to periods of estimated 

discharge during July and August. 

6 July and August minima estimated.
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE BASINS. 175

KASKASKIA EIVEE, AT NEW ATHENS, ILL.

Location. At the Illinois Central Railroad bridge, about 600 feet north of the railroad 

station at New Athens, 111., about 1 mile below the mouth of Silver Creek and 

3 miles above the mouth of Lively Creek.

Records available. January 23, 1907, to December 31, 1911. A record, of river 

heights from January 23, 1907, to October 28, 1909, was kept by C. J. von Roth 

Roffy, the present observer, for the New Athens Journal. The river height was 

taken on Wednesday and Thursday mornings of each week, the river height for 

Thursday being published Friday with the change in 24 hours as obtained from 

the river height of Wednesday. This record was kept for the information of 

farmers living on the west side of the river, who were cut off from reaching town 

when the river reached a height of 30 feet. The record is authentic. The gage 

heights have been reduced to the present datum, the maximum error probably 

not being over 0.4 foot, decreasing as the stage increases. The present gage was 

installed November 1, 1909.

Drainage area. 5,220 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to the bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent; broken by one bridge pier at ordinary stages and 

three piers at high stages. Measurements to date indicate that point of control 

is permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream lower chord of bridge and feom 

wooden trestle approaches.

Floods. The flood of the fall of 1898 reached a height of about 34.5 feet by the present 

datum!

Winter flow. The relation between gage height and discharge may be slightly 

affected by ice during portions of December, January, and February.

Discharge measurements of Kaskaskia River at New Athens, III., in 1911.

Date.

1911. 

Mar. 13 

Oct. 23

Nov. 4

Hydrographer.

P.

Mo 

P.

S.Monk...............................................................

8. Monk......... ......................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

18.48 

15.18 

8.65

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

8,630 

5,080 

1,930

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kaskaskia River at New Athens, III., for 1911. 

[C. J. von Roth Roffy, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4.. .............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

16 ..............

Jan.

6.7

8.1

8.5

o9.6

09.9

010.55

«10.7

010.35

9 2

8.25

7.7

8.0

8.0

7.5

7.2

Feb.

14.2

13.9

13.65

13.25

12.75

12.1

11.5

11.56

12.1

12.1

11.55

10.65

9.75

9.15

8.7

Mar.

18.0

17.8

16.85

14.6

12.0

10.55

10.45

12.8

15.45

17.0

17.95

18.5

18.55

17.9

17.0

Apr.

9.25

8.3

7.75

7.5

8.5

11.8

15.0

16.45

16.5

15.7

14.85

14.45

16.35

18.85

19.75

May.

22.6

24.55

24.8

24.4

24.1

23.7

23.3

22.7

21.9

20.9

18.35

12.6

9.55

8.6

8.05

June.

5.55

5.35

5.25

5.15

5.1

5.0

4.75

4.55

4.45

4.35

4.25

4.1

4.05

4.0

3.95

July.

4.2

3.95

3.9

3.75

3.6

3.45

3.35

3.25

3.15

3.1

4.35

4.0

3.5

3.2

3.15

Aug.

2.6

3.8

3.15

3.05

3.45

3.3

3.5

3.0

3.2

3.5

5.6

6.05

5.25

4.15

Sept.

2.75

2.7

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.6

4.1

7.65

7.55

6.8

6.8

6.75

8.3

7.9

6.45

Oct.

19.35

19.75

20.0

19.98

19.8

19.8

19.95

20.35

20.95

21.6

22:2

22.75

23.05

23.1

22.9

Nov.

10.4

9.7

9.2

8.7

8.3

8.0

8.1

8.9

10.7

11.0

10.1

9.2

12.8

15.3

16.55

Dec.

11. 5

11.0

10.3

9.65

9.2

8.9-

8.6

8.3

8. 05

7.85

7.9

8.4

10.2

11.8

11.25

Jan. 4 to 8 gage heights to top of ice. River reported frozen over from Jan. 4 to 6.
176 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Kaskaskia River at New Athens, III., for 1911 Continued.

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

9Q v

30...............

31...............

Jan.

7.2

9.05

11.05

12.05

12.9

13.25

12.65

11.15

9.75

9.1

8.8

8-45

8.2

8.45

12.05

14.2

Feb.

8.5

8-75

10.25

12.6

15.3

16.7

17.5

17.8

17.8

17.55

17.5

17.65

17.85

Mar.

16.1

14.85

12.7

10.85

10.05

9.55

9.2

8.75

8-3

7.85

7.7

8.25

9.2

10.45

11.4

10.65

Apr.

19.9

20.1

20.3

20.5

20.35

19.95

19.5

19,0

18.4

17 9

17.4

16.95

15.85

12.85

19.35

May.

7.6

7.25

6.95

6.7

6.45

6.25

8.05

7.25

6.9

8.95

8.75

7.65

6.75

6.15

5.8

5.85

June.

3.9

3.9

3.85

3.8

3.7

3.65

3.6

3.55

3.55

3.5

3.5

3.95

4.0

5.05

4.7

July.

3.3

3.2

3.05

2.95

2.9

2.85

2.8

2.75

2.75

2.7

2.7

2.65

2.65

2.6

2.6

2.6

Aug.

3.5

3.15

3.0

2.8

2.75

2.7

3.2

2.9

2.75

2.65

2.6

2.55

2.5

2.65

2.9

2.75

Sept.

5.4

8.2

13.95

15.8

16.35

16.5

16.2

14.^95

12.3

9.5

8.8

15.7

17.55

18.4

18.95

Oct.

22.65

22.35

21.95

21.55

21.05

20.5

19.35

16.2

14.25

14.7

14.5

14.15

13.9

13.5

12.5

11.3

Nov.

16.95

16.5

15.5

15.05

15.9

16.55

16.3

15.7

15.4

15.5

15.35

14.95

14.05

12.9

11.95

Dec.

10.05

10.05

11.1

12.55

13.1

12.9

14.4

16.0

17.05

17.4

16.6

14.55

13.0

13.35

13.6

13.2

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice about Jan. 4 to 10.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofKaskaskia River at New Athens, III., for 1911.

Day.

1.... ...........

2. ............. -

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

g

10...............

11...............

12...............

10

14...............

15...............

16. ....... .......

17...............

18...............

TO

20...............

21...............

99

9^

24... ........ ....

25... ........... -

26...............

97

oo

29.... .......... - 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1,130

1,750

1,950

ol,900

ol,850

ol,800

"1,750

ol,700

ol,650

*1,600

1,560

1,700

1,700

1,470

1,340

1,340

2,230

3,330

3,880

4,370

4,580

4,220

3,380

2,610

2 9RO

2 inn

1,920

1,800

1,920

3,880

5,160

Feb.

5,160

4,970

4,820

4,580

4,280

3,900

3,580

3,600

3,900

3,900

3,600

3,110

2,610

2,280

2 nsfi

1,950

2,080

2,890

4,190

5,930

7,020

7,680

7 950

7 950 7 "nn

7,680

7

COA

8 000

Mar.

8,130

7,950

7,140

5,440

3,850

3,050

3,000

4,310

6,040

7,260

8,080

8,610

8,660

c n.m

7,260

6,540

5,620

4,250

S

oon

2

7cn

2

CAA

2 Qin

2 080

1,850

1,630

i fifin

1,820

2 OI A

3,000 3 con

3,110

Apr.

2,340

1,850

1,580

1,470

1,950

3,740

5,720

6,820

6,860

6,230

5,620

5

0.1A

6,740

S Qfin

10,000

10,200

in pum

10,800

11,100

10 900

10 300

9,700

8,510

8 f\dft

7 finn

7,220

4,340 

9,520

May.

17,900

24,600

25,500

24,100

23,000

21,700

20,300

18,200

15,500

12,100

8,460

4,190

9 >Wl

2 nnn

1,720

1,510 i ^fifl

1 OOfl

1,130

1,030

956

1,720

1,360

1,210

2 -f fin

2

AOA

1 540

1 1 *yi

921 

802

Q1Q

June.

724

669

643

618

606

582

527

484

464

444

424

396

387

378

369

360

360

352

?44

328

320

312

304

304

9QA

296

369

378

594 

516

July.

414

369

360

336

312

288

272

257

243

236

444

378

296

250

243

264

250

99Q

216

210

204

198

192

192

186

186

IQfl

lOA

174 

174

174

Aug.

174

174

344

243

229

288

264

296

222

250

296

738

887

643

405

296

243

222

198

192 ~

186

250

210

192

180

174

168

162

180 

210

192

Sept.

192

186

180

174

174

174

396

1,540

1,490

1,170

1,170

1,150

1,850

1,650

1,030

682

1,800

5,000

6,310

6,740

6,860

6,620

5,680

4,020

2 480

2 inn

6

OOA

7,730

8,510 

9,060

Oct.

9,520

10,000

10,300

10,300

10,100

10,100

10,300

10,900

12,200

14,400

16,500

18,400

19,400

19,600

18,900

18,000

17,000

14,200

12,500

9,520

6,620

5,200

5,510

5,370

5,120

4 970

4,730 

4,130

3 /ifin

Nov.

2,970

,2,580

^2,310

2,050

1,850

1,700

1,750

2,150

3,140

3,300

2,800

2,310

4,310

5,930

6,900

7,220

6,860

6,070

5,760

6,390

6,900

6,700

6,230

6,000

6,070

5,960

5,680

5 nfiA

4,370

Dec.

3,580

3,300

2,920

2,560

2,310

2,150

2,000

1,850

1,720

1,630

1,650

1,900

2,860

3,740

3,440

2,780

2,780

3,360

4,160

4 4nn

'A 97ft

5,300

6,470

7,300

7 fiftfl

fi Q4f>

 5 400

4 430

4,640 

4,790

4,550

o Daily discharge Jan. 4 to 10. estimated, because of ice, from observer's notes, climatologic records, and 

comparison with discharge at other stations in the Kaskaskia drainage basin.

NOTE. Dally discharge determined from a discharge rating curve well defined between discharges 378 

and 12,400 second-feet (gage heights 4.0 and 21.0 feet).
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. 177

Monthly discharge ofKaskaskia River at New Athens, III., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 5,220 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,160 

8,000 

8,660 

11,100 

25,500 

724 

444 

887 

9,060 

19,600 

7,220 

7,600

25,500

Minimum.

1,130 

1,950 

1,560 

1,470 

802 

296 

174 

162 

174 

3,460 

1,700 

1,630

162

Mean.

2,380 

4,830 

4,670 

6,980 

7,830 

438 

255 

281 

3,080 

11,100 

4,500 

3,770

4,180

Per

square 

mile.

0.456 

.925 

.895 

1.34 

1.50 

.084 

.049 

.054 

.590 

2.13 

.862 

.722

.801

Kun-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.53 

.96 

1.03 

1.50 

1.73 

.09 

.06 

.06 

.66 

2.46 

.96 

.83

10.87

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B.

o See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge. 

SHOAL CREEK NEAR BREESE, ILL.

Location. At the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad bridge about 1J miles

east of Breese, 111., and about 3 miles above the mouth of Beaver Creek. 

Records available. November 5, 1909, to December 31, 1911. 

Drainage area. 760 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge, datum unchanged. 

Channel. Practically permanent; rough; rock was placed in bed of stream under

bridge to prevent scour. 

Discharge measurements. Made from upstream side of bridge and also from

downstream side of wooden trestle during floods. There is a good wading section

just above the bridge. 

Floods. The maximum gage height since establishment of the gage 19.6 feet 

occurred in October, 1911. No records of floods prior to establishment of gage are

available. 

Winter flow. The relation between gage height and discharge may be slightly

affected by ice during short periods in December, January, and February. 

Regulation. The intake of the Breese pumping system is about one-fourth mile

above the section, but the diversion is negligible. 

Remarks. The stream is fed by springs and has never been known to go dry at this

point.

Discharge measurements of Shoal Creek near Breese, III., in 1911.

Date.

Mar. 16

Oct. 20

Hydrographer.

P. S. Monk........................... ......................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.60

1 7ft

Discharge.

Sec.-feet.

18S

116

70057° WSP 305 12
178 SUBFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Shoal Creek near Breese, III., for 1911. 

[John Nordman, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2....... ........

3............... 

4...............

5...............

6...............

7............... 

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14. ..............

15...............

16............... 

17...............

18............... 19:..............

20

21...............

22...............

23...............

24............... 

25...............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

29. ..............

30...............

31...............

J.an.

2.1

2.9

4.5 

3.6

3.0

2.3

1.95 

1.85

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.85

2.1

1.85

5.7 

3.3

2

0

2.1

1 9

1.85

1.75

1.7

1.75 

1.85

1.8

1 95

6.6

12.4

7.45

4.1

Feb.

3.4

3.1

2.5 

2.0

1.9

2.7

4.1 

6.2

3.9

2.8

2 45

1.95

2 1

2.55

3.45 

4.8

6.85

9.2

10 0

19 SP;

10.1

6.85

6.75 

6.7

10.2

13.2

13.75

Mar.

8.5

3. 65 

3.2

2.85

2.7

6.05

15.7

15.95

n

vt;

3.75

3 7

2.6

2

qe

2.5

2

0

2

1

2

n

1.95

1.9 

1.8 

1.85

4.65

5.6

3.4

2.2

2.1

Apr.

2.0

1.95

2.25 

3.7

8.3

13.3

11.2 

5.6

4.1

3.75

2.4

2.3

7.15

12.05

15.2

15.7 

9.5

5.9

5.7

5

0

4 9

4.5

4 9

3.9 

3.7

3.4

2 05

2.2

4.25

7.6

May.

16.4

16.55

16.9 

16.95

14.5

6.2

5.3 

3.25

2.8

2.2

1.95

1.4

1.35

1 9

1.85

1.8 

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.7

1.65

1.5 

1.6

1.55

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.45

June.

1.6

1.55

1.5 

1.5

1.5

1.45

1.4 

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25 

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.25

1.3 

1.4

2.5

2 2

1.7

1.55

1.4 /

July.

1.4

1.4

1.4 

1.4

1.4

1.35

1.35 

1.35

1.3

1.25

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.15 

1.15

1.15

1,15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15

1.15 

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.05

1.05

1.2

1.15

Aug.

1.15

1.1

1.1 

1.15

1.15

1.1

1.1 

1.1

2.4

4.2

3.9

2.65

2.1

1.9

1.45

1.4 

1.35

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2 

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.35

1.5

1.6

1.55

Sept.

1.3

1.25

1.2 

1.2

1.4

2.1

2.8

5.35

3.7

3.9

3.6

3.55

3.5

3.25

6.1 

12.6

12.4

9.2

6.15

2 9

1.95

1.7

1.65 

6.2

13.9

14.9

12.2

7.8

10.55

Oct.

11.2

12.45

15.6 

17.6

19.55

19.5

18.2 

16.85

10.2

5.7

3.85

3.2

2.45

2.2

2.15

2.0 

1.9

1.85

1.8

1.8

1.85

2 7

8.75

5.25 

2.9

2.4

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.75

Nov.

1.7

1.7

1.7 

1.7

1.7

2.0

5.8 

5.2

4.7

2.1

1.9

4.5

12.1

12.0

6.3

4.4 

4.0

10.5

12.8

9.1

5.85

3.6

3.45

3.4 

3.0

2.7

2.35

2.2

2.0

2.4

Dee.

2.2

2.1

2.05 

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9 

1.9

1.9

2.1

3.2

5.4

4.0

2.75

2.5

3.1

3.7

4.9

3.4

4.1

8.8

13.6

12 9

8.9 

7.2

3.8

5.2

9.4

5.1

3.5

4.2

NOTE. No ice reported by observer. Relation of gage height to discharge probably not affected by ice 

during 1911.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Shoal Creek near Breese, III., for 1911.

Day.

1...... .........

2.... ...........

3. ..............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7.... ...........

8...............

9.-.-....-......

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25................

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

132

221

485

332

235

151

118

110

98

OS

98

98

110

132

110

696

283

208

132

114

110

102

98

102

110

106

118

858

1,990

1,010

417

Feb.

299

251

172

123

114

195

417

786

383

166

141

11S

132

178

307

536

903

1,340

2,090

1,520

903

885

1,540

2,160

2,280

Mar.

1 200

468

340

267

214

195

759

2,770

2

0flA

1,850

822

259

183

161

156

172

151

132

123

118

114

106

110

510

678

299

141

132

Apr.

118

146

349

1,170

2,190

1 740

R7Q

417

ore

161

151

957

1,910

2,620

2,770

1,400

732

696

606

553

485

434

383

349

299

128

141

442

1,040

May.

3,050

3,130

3,450

2 450

624

275

208

141

US

74

70

114

110

98

90

oc

82

98

94

82

90

86

74

66

66

74

78

June.

90

86

82

82

78

74

74

66

66

66

62

62

62

62

62

62

62

62

62

62

62

62

66

74

172

141

98

86

74

July.

74

74

74

74

70

70

70

66

62

58

58

58

58

54

54

54

54

54

54

54

54

54

51

51

51

48

48

58

54

Aug.

54

51

51

54

54

51

51

51

161

434

383

189

132

114

78

' 74

^ 70

66

58

58

58

58

58

58

58

58

' 58

70

82

90

86

Sept.

66

62

58

58

74

132

208

332

633

349

332

315

275

768

2,030

1,990

1,340

777

118

98

94

786

2,320

2,550

1,940

1,070

1,610

Oct.

1,740

2,000

2,740

4,290

6,750

5,060

3,400

1,540

696

374

267

166

141

136

123

114

110

106

106

110

105

1,250

615

161

123

114

114

106

102

Nov.

98

68

98

98

98

123

714

606

519

132

114

485

1,920

1,900

804

468

400

1,600

2,080

1,320

723

332

307

299

235

195

156

141

123

161

Dec.

141

132

128

123

123

114

114

114

114

132

267

642

400

172

251

349

553

299

417

1,260

2,250

2,100

1,280

966

366

606

1,380

588

315

434

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a discharge rating curve well defined between 90 and 400 secondfeet (gage heights 1.6 and 4 feet); poorly defined between 417 and 4,170 second-feet (gage heights 4.1 and 17,5 

feet); and simply an extension above 4,170 second-feet (gage height 17.5 feet).
UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER BASINS. 179

Monthly discharge of Shoal Creek near Breese, III., for 1911.

[Drainage area, 760 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet..

Maximum.

1,990 

2,300 

2,860 

2,770 

3,510 

172 

74 

434 

2,550 

6,820 

2,080 

2,250

6,820

Minimum.

98 

114 

106 

118 

66 

62 

48 

51 

58 

102 

98 

114

48

Mean.

290 

780 

594 

785 

629 

76.7 

59.4 

95.7 

710 

1,280 

545 

527

529

Per 

square 

mile.

0.382 

1.03 

.782 

1.03 

.828 

.101 

.078 

.126 

.934 

1.68 

.717 

.693

.696

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.44

1.07 

.90 

1.15 

.95 

.11 

.09 

.15 

1.04 

1.94 

.80 

.80

9.44

Accuracy.

A. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A.

SILVER CREEK NEAR LEBANON, ILL.

Location. At highway bridge at Wright's Crossing, about 2 miles west of Lebanon, 

 111., between the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern and East St. Louis & Suburban 

Railroad bridges across Silver Creek.

Records available. March 3, 1908, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 335 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. From March 3, 

1908, to May 10, 1909, the gage was so situated that 2 feet was the lowest obtainable reading, and the gage reader noted that the stream was dry whenever the 

water surface was below 2 feet. Upon inquiry he stated that the stream was 

dry for only one week during 1908; therefore, where the gage heights have been 

marked "Dry" during this period this note was inserted: "Dry under gage; 

can not obtain gage height of water surface." The position of the gage was 

changed on May 10, 1909, so as to obviate this difficulty.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge and small 

approach spans, and also, at high stages, from downstream side of three steel 

viaducts on road west of bridge.

Floods. The maximum gage height since establishment of gage is 15,9 feet, which 

occurred in May, 1908. No records of floods prior to the establishment of the 

station are available.

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation of gage height to discharge during portions 

of December, January, and February.

Discharge measurements of Silver Creek near Lebanon, III., in 1911.

Date.

Mar. 14

Oct. 21

Hydrographer.

P. S. Monk...............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.80

2.77

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

84

32.3
180 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Silver Creek near Lebanon, III., for 1911. 

[E. C. Turner, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2. ..............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

3.05

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

5.6

7.1

6.15

4.0

Feb.

3.6

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.1

5.6

4.9

4.9

4.5

4.0

3.6

3.2

3.25

3.3

3.3

3.35

6.2

5.3

7.6

9.0

8.7

7.4

5.5

5.45

5.9

8.9

10.25

9 8

Mar.

6.2

4.8

4.3

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

10.05

10.8

11 9

11.1

9 9

5.3

3.8

3

K

3.3

3.25

3.9

4.4

3.6

3.4

3 OK

3 9

1 1

3.05

3.1

5.6

5.3

4

0

3.3

Apr.

3.25

3.2

3.2

5.0

9.3

10.3

9 0

5.1

3.8

3.4

3

0

3.4

8.3

10.7

11.0

12.2

11.95

10.0

6.6

8.6

5.9

4.2

3 a

3

0

3.1

3.0

9 Q

3 OK

3 Q

13.3

May.

14.8

14.5

13.1

12.3

11.2

6.1

4.3

3.6

3 A

3

0

3 9

3.1

3.0

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.5

5.9

4.1

3 Q

2.6

2.5

2.45

2.4

2

0

9 1

June.

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

1 9

1.85

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.65

1.6

1.6

1.55

1.5

1.5

1.5

1 45

1.4

1.35

5.6

2.9

2.2

2 45

2.3

2.2

July.

1.95

1.8

1.6

1.55

1 s

1 o

1.1

1.05

1.0

1.2

1.5

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.5

1.2

1.2

1.15

1.1

1.1

OS

1.0

.95

.9

OK

.8

.9

.85

Aug.

0.85

.8

.7

1.6

1.8

1.7

1.5

9 5

8.8

2 8

9 9

1.9

1.6

1.5

1.65

6.7

3.0

O OK

1 8

1.8

1.5

1.5

2.4

2

0

2.0

1.7

1.6

Sept.

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

4.0

6.1

8.3

5.4

5.4

4.4

4.0

6.95

4.1

2.6

1 OS

7.4

9.4

10.2

10.6

11.2

10.8

7.6

3.1

2.6

2.1

10.7

11.1

IS 9

13.05

12.3

Oct.

10.8

10.0

10.3

11.1

12.9

12.45

11.0

9 6

7.0

3.95

3.3

2.9

2.9

2.6

2

C

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.55

3.6

8.2

6.8

4.0

3.3

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.7

Nov.

2.6

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

3.35

6.0

4.6

3.6

3 A

9 7

10.0

7 Q

4 9

4.3

6.1

9.7

8.3

4.9

4.3

4.4

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.4

4 05

4.6

4.9

Dec.

4.05

3.5

3

0

3.2

3.1

3.0

2.95

2

QE

10.1

(a)

(a)

(°)

(<*)

(<*)

(«>

(a)

(a)

6.05

4.1

7.8

10.1

o 7

1A °.

4.9

4.7

4.2

4.8

7.4

5.0

3.8

a Dec. 10 to 17, gage out of order; chain stolen.

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge probably aftected by ice about Jan. 3 to 11. Ice reported 3 

to 5 inches thick Jan. 4 to 11.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Silver Creek near Lebanon, III., for 1911.

Day.

I..............

2..............

3..............

4..............

5..............

6..............

7. ....... ......

8..............

9..............

10..............

11..............

12..............

13. .............

14..............

15..............

16...... ........

17............'..

18. .............

19..............

20..............

21..............

22..............

23..............

24..............

25.,.,..,,..,...

Jan.

41

41

41

41

200

150

41

41

41

41

41

41

41

41

Feb.

69

59

54

49

45

203

150

150

122

92

69

49

52

54

54

56

253

179

385

540

504

365

195

191

227

Mar.

253

143

110

Q9

92

Q9

92

fi79

814

1,190

885

652

179

80

64

52

86

116

69

59

52

49

45

43

Apr.

52

49

49

157

576

719

540

164

80

59

54

59

458

7Q9

860

1,400

1,220

665

492

227

104

69

54

45

May.

4,030

3 720

1 '915 490

244

110

69

59

54

49

45

41

S7

33

29

26

29

26

23

227

QO

86

26

23

June.

15

14

is

19

12

12

12

10

8

7.5

7

6

5

5

5.5

5

5

4.5

4

4

4

3.5

3

2.8

203

July.

9

7

6

5

4.5

2.5

1.5

1.2

1

2

4

8

7

7

6

4

2

2

1.8

1.5

1.5

.8

1

Aug.

0.6

.2

5

7

6

4

4.5

23

29

600

516

116

33

14

8

5

4

5.5

298

41

16

7

7

4

Sept.

3

3

3

2.5

3

244

458

187

187

116

92

320

98

26

9

365

588

695

770

915

814

QOK

45

26

12

Oct.

814

665

712

885

2,080

1,630

860

613

325

89

54

37

37

26

26

23

23

20

17

20

24

69

447

307

92

Nov.

26

9Q

26

26

26

56

OOK

129

fiQ

41

626

665

730

415

150

110

458

150

110

116

104

98

Dec.

95

64

54

4Q

45

41

89

SQ

679

94ft

98

405

679

504

719

150

136
UPPER MISSISSIPPI EIVEE, BASINS. 181 

'Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Silver Creek near Lebanon, III., for 1911 Contd.

Day.

26..............

27..............

28..............

29..............

30..............

31..............

Jan.

41

41

203

335

OAC

92

Feb.

528

704

639

Mar.

45

203

HQ

69

54

Apr.

41

07

56

86

2,480

May.

22

on

17

17

17

June.

37

14

22

17

14

July.

.8

.7

.6

.4

.7

.6

Aug.

4

20

17

10

6

5

Sept.

792

885

2,380

2,230

1,490

Oct.

54

41

33

33

26

29

Nov.

92

59

95

129

150

Dec.

104

143

365

157

80

140

NOTE. Dafly discharge determined from a discharge rating curve well denned between 29 and 307 secondfeet (gage heights 2.7 and 6.8 feet) and fairly well denned between 316 and 1,780 second-feet (gage heights 

6.9 and 12.6 feet). Daily discharge Jan. 1 to 11, 16, 17, May 30 to June 4, Dee. 10 to 17, and Dec. 31 estimated by comparison with discharge of Shoal Creek near Breese, HI., and Cahokia Creek near Poag, 111. 

Mean discharge Jan. 1 to 11 estimated about 54 second-feet, varying from about 35 to 90 second-feet. Mean 

discharge Dee. 10 to 17 estimated about 327 second-feet, varying from about 100 to 600 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Silver Creek near Lebanon, III., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 335 square mfles.]

Month.

April... . ................................

Mayo.

July......................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

335 

704 

1,190 

2,480 

4,030 

203 

9 

600 

2,380 

2,080 

- 730 

712

4,030

Minimum.

45 

43 

37 

16 . 

2.8 

.4 

.2 

2.5 

17 

26 

39

.2

Mean.

77.2 

216 

216 

398 

448 

16.2 

3.07 

58.6 

471 

326 

197 

246

222

Per

square 

mile.

0.230 

.645 

.645 

1.19 

1.34 

.048 

.0092 

.175 

1.41 

.973 

.588 

.734

.663

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.27 

.67 

.74 

1.33 

1.54 

.05 

.01 

.20 

1.57 

1.12 

.66 

.85

9.01

Accuracy.

D. 

AA. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

C.

»

a See footnotes under table of daily discharge for notes relative to estimates of discharge during period 

in January, May, June, and December.

BIG MUDDY RIVER NEAR CAMBON, ILL.

Location. At the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad bridge about 1 mile north

of Cambon station and about 1J miles east of Plumfield, 111., in sec. 17, T. 7 S.,

R. 2 E., about one-fourth mile below the mouth of the Middle Fork. 

Records available. June 16, 1908, to December 31, 1911. 

Drainage area. 735 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Probably permanent. 

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge and wooden

approach trestles. Low-water measurements are rendered difficult by collections

of drift and should be used with caution. 

Floods. Maximum gage height since establishment of the gage is 25.3 feet, which

occurred in May, 1911. No records of floods prior to establishment of station are

available. 

Point of zero flow. A determination by leveling, October 25, 1911, indicates that

there would be no flow past the station if the stream were to fall to about 1.4 feet

by the gage datum. 

Winter flow. Ice may affect the relation between gage height and discharge during

portions of December, January, and February.
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T7PPEK MISSISSIPPI RlVEfc BASINS. 183

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Big Muddy River near Cambon, III., for 1911 Con.

Day.

16.............

17.............

18.............

19.............

20. ............

21.............

22. ............

23.............

24........---..

25.............

26. ............

27.............

28.............

29. ............

30.............

31.............

Jan.

QA

94

94

77

6i*

67

61

63

63

67

67

75

157

350

422

Feb.

132

770

i Pi^n

2,140

2,500

3,880

3,840

3,420

2,820

2,100

1,350

Mar.

89

73

63

57

53

49

4Q

47

59

51

63 " 69

75

171

274

140

Apr.

5,980

6,210

5,760

5,020

3,980

3,060

1,430

698

298

104

75

69

69

2,240

May.

JO

35'

31

25

22

20

20

16

14

11

9.5

31

8

June.

11

8

11

5

4

2.5

8

4

3

5

3

1

July.

3

2.5

2.5

2

2

2

1.5

2

.5

.5

.5

.0

.0

1

1

Aug.

14

16

350

114

43

29

17

12

11

20

27

25

51

61

31

29

Sept.

71

99

104

186

324

318

239

96

110

94

84

870

1,310

1,080

1,070

Oct.

79

35

31

23

20

20

20

20

20

23

27

23

20

35

27

23

Nov.

644

298

239

186

186

239

196

157

176

206

166

196

166

157

117

Dec.

468

626

900

860

608

752

1,140

1,340

1,360

1,270

940

468

324

350

324

716

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a discharge rating curve fairly well denned. Daily discharge 

Jan. 3 to 6 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic records and record of run-off in adjacent drainage 

areas.

Monthly discharge of Big Muddy River near Cambon, III., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 735 square miles.]

Month.

May.....--.........----.....--.---.....

July....................................

September

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

806 

3,880 

1,050 

6,210 

11,000 

344 

41 

350 

1,310 

3,770 

1,160 

1,360

11,000

Minimum.

51 

61 

47 

61 

8 

1 

.0 

2.5 

12 

20 

8 

51

0

Mean.

212 

1,080 

262 

1,630 

2,570 

39.2 

5.10 

59. & 

254 

415 

330 

496

609

Per

square 

mile.

0.288 

1.47 

.356 

2.22 

3.50 

.053 

.0069 

.081 

.346 

.565 

.449 

.675

.829

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.33 

1.53 

.41 

2.48 

4.04 

.06 

.008 

.09 

.39 

.65 

.50 

.78

11. 27

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

« See footnotes to table of daily discharge. 

BEAITCOITP GREEK NEAR PINCKNEYVILLE, IUL.

Location. At Illinois Central Railroad bridge about 1J miles east of Pinckneyville, 

111., about 10 miles above the mouth of Galum Creek.

Records available. June 17, 1908, to December 31, 1911. During 1908 the gage 

was read only when the observer happened to be in the vicinity. Except for 

a few days, however, fairly accurate results will be obtained if the discharge is 

interpolated on days when gage was not read.

Drainage area. 227 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain gage attached to bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent; poor for low-water measurements- because of low 

velocity and old piles in channel.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of wooden trestle. Lowwater measurements made at wading section about 250 yards upstream.

Floods. The flood of 1902 reached a height of about 27.5 feet on the present gage.
184 SUBFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1911, PABT V.

Winter flow. Ice affects the relation between gage height and discharge during

portions of December, January, and February. 

Remarks. The creek goes dry at times, the water then standing in pools near the

Discharge measurements of Beaucoup Creek near Pinckneyville, III., in 1911.

Date.

Mar. 11

Oct. 24

Hydrographer.

P. S. Monk......................... ......................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.31

2.68

Discharge.

Sec.-feet. 

95.4

olS.2

a Oct. 24, measurement made by wading one-half mile above regular section.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Beaucoup Creek near Pinekneyville, III., for 1911. 

[R. C. Huggins, observer.]

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6............... 

7............... 

8...............

9...............

10...............

11............... 

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18............... 

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

4.0

3.8

4.35

3.7

3.2

2.8 

2.65 

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.5 

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6 

2.5

2.55

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.55

2.6

2.6

2.6

4.6

4.3

3.6

Feb.

2.3

2.3

2.8

2.7

2.8 

2.95 31

3.0

2.1

2.75

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.9

3.5

4.35

15.0

12.0

5.65

4.95

4.6

5.55

6.1

4.5

Mar.

<? 7

4 4

4.6

4.25

3.9

3.7 

3.85 

8.3

<t Q

4.35

3 0

3.55

3.15

2.8

2

*7

2.6 

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

1.85

1 9

3.45

3

K

3.85

3.15

3.0

Apr.

9 SH

2.8

2.7

2.8

5.6

5.6 

4.0 

3n

3.0

2.8

"2.7"

10.5

17.7

7.4

4.4

3.9

7.4

8.6

5.0

3

QK

3.0

2.85

2.8

9 7£

7 05

19.05

May.

21.05

20.0

14.5

8.5

4.3

3-65 

3n

2.9

2.8 

2.8 

2.6

9 £

' 2.5

2.5 ,

2.5

2.4

2.4

9 <t

2.4

2

Q

2.3

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.15

2.2

2.0

2.0

June.

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0 

2.0 

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.95 

1 9

1 9

1.9

1 Q

1 9

"2.2"

2.0

2.0

9 ft

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

9 ft

2.0

2.0

July.

1 95

1 95

1.95

1.9

1.9 

1.9 

1 9

1.85

1.85

1 QPi

1 95

1.95

1 Q

1.95

1 QCL

l.t,

1 Q

1.9

9 ft

1 <K

1.95

1 9

1 Q

1.9

1 Q

1 Q

1.95

Aug.

2.0

1.95

5.15

5.25

" "2~9" " 

4.0

4.2

2.7

2.65 

2.6

2.25

2.15

2,1

2 0

2.0 

i Q<;

1 9

1 Q

1 Q

9 9

2.2

9 d.

2.5

2.4

Sept

2.4

2.4

4.95 

7.5

3

0

3.45 

9 a

3 n

2.7

2.45

2.7

3.45

5.85 

8 9

3.9

1 Q

9 f.

6.25

9.0

5.0

3 7

3.1

Oct.

3.8

6.0

3.7

3.0

3-05

"2."05'

2 5

2.4

2.35

2.35

'2.3

9 °.

2.25

2

9e

2.6

2.4

2.4

2 Q

2.7

2.55

9 d.

2.4

2.4

2.4

Nov.

2.2

2.2

2,15

2.15

4.5

4.4 

5.4

3.05 i n

2.8

OIK

5:2

4.75

1 Q

3.2

9 3

2.3 

3.2

3.2

3 1

9 Q

2.85

2.8

2.85

3.6

3.1

3

n

2.8

Bee.

3

r\

2.85

2.7

2.6

2.56

2.5 

2.5 

2.5

2.6

4.8

5.9 

6.0

4

0

3.3

5.0

5.6

3.5

3

0

6.8

8; 85

5.85

4.85

3 7

3.5

3.3

4 1

Q A

4.3

NOTE. Kelation of gage height to discharge affected by ice, Jan. 3 to 9.
tJPPEK MISSISSIPPI RIVEK BASINS. 185 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofBeaucoup Creek near Pinckneyville, III., for 1911.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7.. ............ .

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

80

70

cn

40

30

25

20

20

15

14

14

14

14

17

17

17

17

17

14

16

14

14

17

16

17

17

17

110

108

OS

60

Feb.

8

8

24

20

20

24

on

36

32

4

22

18

17

17

17

28

55

102

1,200

1,320

900

199

144

119

191

254

236

112

Mar.

65

105

119

95

75

65

72

446

en/i

140

102

75

58

38<ii

24

20

17

17

17

17

17

9.8

2.5

30

52

55

72

38

32

Apr.

26

24

20

24

195

195

80

<?9

oo

24

22

20

705

1,460

1,700

353

105

75

353

47Q

147

78

55

32

26

* 24

23

22

322

May.

2,170

2,020

1,250

468

98

62

49

32

28

24

24

17

14

14

14

14

11

11

11

11

10

8

8

17

14

11

8

5

6

June.

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

4

6

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

July.

3

3

3

3

3

2.5

2.5

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

Aug.

3

3

159

163

167

98

oo

Sn

92

20

18

17

12

7

5

4

3

3

3

4

6

6

8

11

12

14

11

Sept.

11

11

11

11

20

144

300

200

45

52

24

32

20

12

20

52

215

512

75

75

75

75

45

14

250

523

147

65

36

Oct.

70

148

227

65

48

32

33

33

34

24

14

3.5

14

11

9.5

9.5

8.8

8

8

7

7

17

11

11

28

20

16

11

11

11

11

Nov.

7

6

6

5

5

112

105

179

34

32

24

38

163

130

75

40

8

8

40

40

36

28

26

24

26

60

36

32

24

28

Dec,

32

26

20

17

16

14

14

14

17

133

219

227

98

45

96

,147

195

55

45

172

299

506

215

136

65

55

45

86

50

98

185

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a discharge rating curve well defined between 8 and 227 secondfeet (gage heights 2.3 and 6 feet), and fairly well defined between 236 and 640 second-feet (gage heights 6.1 

and 10 feet). Daily discharge Jan. 3 to 9 estimated, because of ice, from climatologic and run-off'records 

in adjacent drainage areas and gage observer's notes. Daily discharge interpolated or estimated from climatologic records and run-off in adjacent drainage areas on days when gage was not read.

Monthly discharge of Beaucoup Creek near Pinckneyville, III., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 227 square miles.]

Month.

TftTMIftTV

April....................................

July....................................

December. ..............................

TTiP VPST

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

119 

1,320 

500 

1,890 

2,170 

6 

3 

167 

523 

227 

179 

506

2,170

Minimum.

14 

4 

2.5 

20 

3 

3 

2.5 

3 

11 

3.5 

5 

14

2.5

Mean.

32.8 

184 

77.7 

285 

207 

3.1 

3.0 

31.3 

114 

31.0 

45»9 

102

92.2

Per 

square 

mile.

0.144 

.811 

.342 

1.26 

.912 

.014 

.013 

.138 

.502 

.137 

.202 

.450

.406

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.17 

.84 

.39 

1.41 

1.05 

.02 

.01 

.16 

.56 

.16 

.23 

.52

5.52

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. See footnotes to tables of daily gage height and daily discharge for notes relative to discharges 

estimated.
186 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

MISCELLANEOUS MEASUREMENTS. 

HUDSON BAY DRAINAGE BASIN.

Miscellaneous measurements in St. Mary River (Montana) drainage basin in 1911. 

[By W. A. Lamb and B. E. Jones,]

Date.

Dec. 6

May 5

July 18

Aug. 26

Oct. 12

Stream.

Swifteur rent

Creek.

.....do.........

.....do.........

Tributary to 

.....do...........

.....do...........

.....do...........

.....do...........

Locality.

near Babb, Mont.o

.....do.6..............

.....do.»...... ........

.....do.6.. ............

Gage 

height.

Feet.

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

19.1

171

153

81

94

Drainage 

area.

Sq. miles. 

32

Discharge 

per 

square 

mile.

Sec.-ft. 

0.597

o Dec. 6. Measurement made by wading about 200 feet below the falls at the outlet of McDermott Lake. 

Gage height not referenced. 

b Measurements made by wading near the ford. Gage heights not referenced.

Miscellaneous measurements in Red River drainage basin in 1911. 

[By E. F. Chandler, Goric Monley, and George Ebner.J

Mar. 4

May 13

July 18

Sept. 14

June 27

Sept. 13

River. 

.....do.........

.....do.........

.....do.........

Roseau River. 

.....do.........

Red River.....*

.....do...........

.....do...........

.....do...........

.....do...........

.....do...........

Porks. Minn. 

.....do.. ..............

.....do................

Minn. 

.....do................

.....do................

a 4. 54

7.20

3.83

2.50

1.89

1.52

.92

134

360

173

28.9

3.2

17.9

2.3

5,760

5,760

5,760

0.023

.063

.030

a Mean lower surface of ice=2.10 feet. 

Miscellaneous measurements in Rainy River drainage basin in 1911.

[By Robert Follansbee, C. R. Adams, and C. J. Emerson.]

Feb. 2

June 18

Little Fork

River.

River.

.....do...........

Tps. 62-63, R. 21 W.,

near Hughes, Minn.

Minn.

3.0

36

652

-

UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN.

Miscellaneous measurements in upper Mississippi River drainage basin in 1911. 

[By Robert Follansbee and G. L. Rosing.]

Date.

Aug. 20

July 7

Stream.

Prairie River . .

Yellow Medicine River.

Tributary to Locality.

Minn,

Gage 

height.

Feet.

8.17

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

96

10.7

Drainage 

area.

S£. miles.

Discharge

per 

square

mile.

Sec.-ft.
SUBFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1911, PABT V. 187

SUMMARY OF MEAN DISCHARGE PER SQUARE MILE.

The following summary of discharge per square mile is given to 

allow ready comparison of relative rates of run-off from different 

areas in the Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi drainage basins. It 

shows in a general way the seasonal distribution of run-off, and the 

effect of snow, ground, surface, and artificial storage. The most important fact worth noting is the almost entire lack of uniformity or 

agreement between any two streams, which indicates that the discharge of each stream is a law unto itself, and that all projects 

dependent upon stream flow, if they are to be developed along the 

safest and most economical lines, must be based on records of stream 

flow collected with great care over a long series of years as near the 

location of the project under consideration as possible.

Summary of discharge, in second-feet per square mile, in Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins for 1911.

Station.

St. Mary River below Swiftcurrent

St. Mary River near Cardston, Alberta,

Otter Tafl River near Fergus Falls,Minn . 

Red River at Fargo,N. Dak............ 

Red River at Grand Forks, N. Dak. . . . 

Pelican River near Fergus Falls, Minn. 

Wfld Rice River at Twin Valley, Minn. . 

Red Lake River at Thief River Falls, 

MI'""

Red Lake River at Crookston, Minn. . . . 

Thief River near Thief River Falls, 

Minn... ...

Clearwater River at Red Lake Falls, 

Minn...

South Branch of Two Rivers at Hallock, Minn ..........................

West Branch of Roseau River near

Mouse River at Minot, N. Dak .........

Rainy River at International Falls,

MlTlTK_ .......

Little Fork River at Little Fork, Minn. .

Vermilion River below Lake Vermilion, Minn ............................

Mississippi River above Sandy River, 

Minn..

Mississippi River at Anoka, Minn. . .... 

Mississippi River at St. Paul, Minn.. . . . 

Pine River below Pine River reservoir. 

Minn.................................

Crow Wing River at Pillager, Minn. .... 

Long Prairie River near Motley, Minn. 

Sauk River near St. Cloud, Minn. ......

Crow River at Roekford, Minn ......... 

South Branch of Crow River near RockRum River at Cambridge, Minn ........

Drainage area.

Sq.mi. 

177

298

452 

1,310 

6,020 

25,000 

433 

805

3,430 

5,320

1,010 

1,310

776 

2,940

265

8,400

14,600 

1,720

507

4,510 

17, 100 

35,700

452 

1,010

3,230 

973 

816 

615

2,520 

1.170

414 

1,160

January.

0.48 

.52

.38 

.06 "."6i

%

.04 

.03

.00 

03

.20

.15 

.10 

.06

.19

.12

.02

.02

.00 

.04

February.

0.44 

.47

.33 

.06 ~."6i

%.03

.02

.00 

03

.16

.15 

.10 

.06

.22

.11

.01

.02

.00 

.05

March.

0.43 

.44

.32 

.10 

.04 

.03 

.02 

.09

.04 

.08

.01 

04

....

.17

.19 

.14 

.09

.24

.17

.14

.05 

OR

(.?o

1

<J

0.87 

1.20

1.06 

.18 

.06 

.08 

.09 

.30

.11

.12

.05 

18

"io

.04

.25 

1 2?

.27 

.20 

.12

.28 

20

.21 

13

.09

.07 

07

.02 

.10

1

5.58 

5.64

4.51 

.17 

.05 

.06 

.08 

.25

.08 

.08

.01 

.07

.06

08

.05

.32

,63

.38 

.26

.15

.80 

18

.19 

,13

.08 

2?

.09

08

.01 

.20

<S

I

11.0 

10.2

7.68 

.13 

.04 

.07 

.08 

.13

.18

.18

.01

.14

.42 

05

.34

.02

.43

,98

1.04

.44 

.27 

.16

.84 

.52

.23 

10

.07 

.17

.09

,0?

.02

.28

>,

H

5.60 

5.37 

3.72

.08 

.02 

.02 

.03 

.16

.02 

.03

00 

0?

.04

0?

0?

(a)

.27 

.1?

.61

.56 

.23 

.12

.63

2?

.12

06

.09 

10

.04 

01

.01 

.18

August.

2.99 

2.78

2.32 

.10 

.03 

.02 

.04 

.04

.01

.02

(a) 

05

.01 

01

01

(a)

.45 

,2ft

.47

.41 

.21 

.12

.30 

19

.13

08

.11 

.13

.04

01

(a) 

.14

September.

3.39 

3.42

2.79 

.10 

.03 

.02 

.04 

.03

.01 

.02

(a) 

04

.02 

(a)

01

(a)

.41 

.31

.39

.50 

.24 

.12

.21 

.43

.18 

1?

.13

14

.04 

,01

.01 

.10

October.

1.87 

1.60

1.37 

.12

.04 

.02 

.08 

.17

.01 

.02

(a) 

.04

.06 

01

01

(")

.36 

21

.30

.34 

.25 

.23

.10

45

.26 

.19

.11

.29

.17 

.17

.03 

.25

November.

0.73 

.70

.76 

.10

"62 

.05 

.04

%

00

.02

01

00

.37 

1?

.24

.25 

.18 

.12

.12

4fi

.16

.13

IS

.06 

04

.03 

.11

December.

0.30 

.33

.43

.08 "."6i

.02 

.04

%

.00

.01

01

00

.40 

08

.26

.14 

.12 

.09

.12

.14

.16 

18

.06 

.03

.01 

.10

 3

1<!

2.81 

2.72

2.14 

.11

"."OS 

.04 

.11

.04 

.05

.01

.32

.32 

.19 

.12

.34

.17

.10

.06

.01 

.14

a Discharge per square mile less than 0.005 second-foot.
188 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART V.

Summary of discharge, in second-feet per square mile, in Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River basins for 1911 Continued.

Station.

Minnesota Elver near Odessa, Minn. . . . 

Minnesota Elver near Montevideo. 

Minn.................................

Minnesota Elver near Mankato, Minn. . 

Lac qui Parle River at Lac qui Parle, 

Minn ................................ 

Chippewa Elver near Watson, Minn. . . 

Bedwood Elver near Redwood Falls, 

Minn ................................. 

CottonwoodRivernear New Ulm, Minn. 

St. Croix Elver near St. Crolx Falls, 

Wis...... ............................

Kettle Elver near Sandstone, Minn. . . .

Cannon Eiver at Welch, Minn ......... 

Zumbro River at Zumbro Falls, Minn. . 

South Branch of Zumbro Eiver near

Root River near Houston, Minn. ....... 

North Branch of Root Eiver near 

Lanesboro, Minn. .................... 

Wapsipinicon River at Stone City, Iowa.

Cedar River at Cedar Rapids, Iowa ....

Sangamon Eiver at Monticello, HI ..... 

Sangamon River at Eiverton, 111 ...... 

Sangamon Eiver near Oakford, HI ..... 

South Fork of Sangamon Eiver near 

Taylorville, 111 .......................

Cahokia Creek near'Poag, 111 ...........

Kaskaskla Eiver at Shelbyville, 111 . . . . 

Kaskaskia Eiver at Vandalia, 111 ......

Kaskaskia Eiver at New Athens, 111 ... 

Shoal Creek near Breese, 111 ............

Silver Creek near Lebanon, 111. ......... 

Big Muddy Eiver near Cambon, III .... 

Beaucoup Creek near Pinckneyville, HI.

Drainage are.

Sq.mi. 

1,560

6,300 

14,600

838 

1,940

703 

1,190

5,930 

825 

422 

1,290 

1,120

1,560

647 

1,310 

425 

6,320 

1 160'

'550 

2,560 

5,000

427 

459 

259 

390 

1,030 

1,980 

2,680 

5,220 

760 

335 

735 

227

January.

.01 

.01

.20 

.08 

.02

Vl4

.20

.10 

.06

1.00 

1.14 

.96

1.50 

1.61 

.44 

1.21 

1.60 

1.10 

.80 

.46 

.38 

.23 

.29 

.14

February.

.01 

.01

.24 

.09 

.04

'."46

.54

.43 

.62

.58 

.88 

.73

.90 

.55 

.78 

.95 

1.36 

1.12 

1.02 

.92 

1.03 

.64 

1.47 

.81

1

.04 

.05

.39 

.21 

.11 

.12 

.22

.25

.21

.27

.13 

.24

.48 

.64 

.55

.67 

.43 

.64 

.96 

.99 

.90 

.87 

.90 

.78 

.64 

.36 

.34

% ft 

-<

.03

.04 

.05

.04 

.04

.04 

.05

.58 

.72 

.19 

.11 

.18

.23

.19 

.22 

.12 

.17 

04

1.22 

1.40 

1.01

1 46

.85 

1.18 

2.28 

2.36 

1.54 

1.41 

1.34 

1.03 

1.19 

2.22 

1.26

ti

.01

.03 

.04

.01 

.03

.02 

.02

.68 

1.05 

.34 

.10 

.22

.28

.29 

.30 

.16 

.28 

03

.32 

.56

.44

.62 

.23 

1.08 

.65 

.64 

.69 

.76 

1.50 

.83 

1.34 

3.50 

.91

0

a 

al-a

.01

.03 

.03

.01 

.06

.01 

.01

.54 

.68 

.54 

.14 

.17

.24

.19 

.30 

.13 

.26 

.02

.05 

.13 

.16

.14 

.06 

.07 

.08 

.10 

.06 

.08 

.08 

.10 

.05 

.05 

.01

t>>

a1-5

(0)

.01 

.02

%

(a) 

(°)

.30 

.50 

.23 

.09 

.11

10

.18

.10 

.07 

.05 

.08 

0?

.01 

.05

.04 

.02 

.05 

.00 

.02 

.03 

.02 

.05 

.08 

.01 

.01 

.01

August.

(0)

.01 

.02

(0)

.01

.01 

.02

.30 

.33 

.14 

.17 

.31

30

.76

1.53 

.66 

.60 

.34 

04

.01 

.06

.04 

.01 

.31 

.01 

.02 

.01 

.02 

.05 

.13 

.18 

.08 

.14

September.

.01

.01 

.01

<°0}2

.01 

.02

.36 

.44 

.43 

.17 

.14

1?

.30

.28 

.20 

.07 

.18 

04

.59 

1.02

1.13 

1.53 

1.12 

1.03 

1.41 

1.00 

.63 

.59 

.93 

1.41 

.35 

.50

October.

.02

.03 

.12

.03 

.05

.07 

.23

.65 

.49 

.51 

1.29 

1.34

1 35

.92

1.54 

.76 

1.29 

.57 

,13

.95 

2.45

1.92 

1.28 

1.47 

1.83 

2.86 

2.37 

2.52 

2.13 

1.68 

.97 

.56 

.14

November.

.03

.07

.02 

.04

.02 

.05

.34 

.25 

.19 

.39 

.31

.33

.34

.42

.40 

.28 

.27 

06

1.33 

1.28

1.10 

1.18 

.82 

1.24 

1.46 

.91 

1.04 

.86 

.72 

.59 

.45 

.20

December.

.02 

.05

Voi

.02 

.05

.34 

.18 

.13 

.47 

.51

S3

.56

.71 

.51 

.48 

.34 

05

.91 

.94

.86 

.91

.86 

.66

.85 

.85 

.77 

.72 

.69 

.73 

.68 

.45

j

.02

.04

.41 

.42 

.24

'."34

.40

"."§2

.28

.62

.88

.86 

.72 

.73 

.91 

1.14 

.88 

.83 

.80 

.70 

.66 

.83 

.41

a Discharge per square mile less than 0.005 second-foot.
INDEX.

Page.

Accuracy of discharge measurements, degree

of................................ 14-15

Acknowledgments to those aiding............ 15-16

Acre-foot, definition of....................... 10

Adams, C.R., work of........................ 16

Anoka, Minn.,

Mississippi River at:

description.......................... 67

discharge. ....L...................... 67

discharge, daily...................... 68

discharge, monthly................. 69,187

gage height.......................... 67-68.

Appropriations, amount of.................. 7

Arcola, 111.,

Kaskaskia River near:

description.......................... 167

discharge............................ 167

discharge, daily...................... 168

discharge, monthly................ 168,188

gage height.......................... 167

Austin, Minn.,

Cedar River near:

description......................... 144

discharge............................ 145

discharge, daily...................... 146

discharge, monthly................ 146,188

gage height.......................... 145

Authority for investigations................. 7

Babb, Mont.,

Kennedy Creek at:

discharge............................ 186

St. Mary River at and near:

description....................... 16-17,19

discharge................... i........ 17,19

discharge, daily.... -................. 18,20

discharge, monthly.............. 18,21,187

gage height...................... 17,19-20

Swiftcurrent Creek near:

discharge............................ 186

Bailey, C. T., work of....................... 16

Batchelder, C. L., work of................... 16

Beaucoup Creek near 

Pinckneyville, 111.:

description........................ 183-184

discharge............................ 184

discharge, daily.....-.--..-..-....... 185

discharge, monthly................ 185,188

gage height.......................... 184

Big Falls, Minn., 

Big Fork River at:

description.......................... 62-63

discharge............................ 63

gage height.......................... 63

Big Fork River at 

Big Falls, Minn.:

description.......................... 62-63

discharge............................ 63

gage height ........................... 63

Page.

Big Lake, Minn., 

Elk River near:

description.......................... 83

discharge............................ 84

discharge, daily..................... 84-85

discharge, monthly................. 85,187

gage height.......................... 84

Big Muddy River near 

Cambon, 111.:

description.......................... 181

discharge............................ 182

discharge, dgily..... -.............. 182-183

discharge, monthly................ 183,188

gage height.......................... 182

Big Stone, S. Dak.,

Whetstone River near:

description.......................... 101

discharge............................ 101

discharge, daily.................... 102-103

discharge, monthly................ 103,188

gage height.......................... 102

Bolster, R. H., work of-..................... 16

Breese, 111.,

Shoal Creek near:

description.......................... 177

discharge............................ 177

discharge, daily...................... 178

discharge, monthly................ 179,188

gage height.......................... 178

Bridge measurements, making of, view of-... 14

Cahokia Creek near 

Poag, 111.:

description.............^........... 165

discharge............................ 165

discharge, daily....---...-..--.-...-- 166

discharge, monthly................ 166,188

gage height.......................... 165

Cambon, 111.,

Big Muddy River near:

description.......................... 181

discharge............................ 182

discharge, daily.................... 182-183

discharge, monthly................ 183,188

gage height.......................... 182

Cambridge, Minn., 

Rum River at:

description.......................... 92

discharge............................ 92

discharge, daily...................... 93

discharge, monthly................. 94,187

gage height.......................... 92-93

Cannon River at 

Welch, Minn.:

description.......................... 119

discharge............................ 120

discharge, daily.................... 120-121

discharge, monthly................ 121,187

....................... 120

189
190 INDEX

Cannon River at Continued.

Welch, Minn. Continued. Page. 

velocity under ice, distribution of,

figureshowing................. 119

Cardston, Alberta,

St. Mary River near:

description.......................... 2?

discharge............................ 21

discharge, daily...................... 22

discharge, monthly................. 23,187

gage height.......................... 22

Qarlyle, 111.,

Kaskaskia River at:

description.......................... 173

discharge............................ 173

discharge, daily...................... 174

discharge, monthly................ 174,188

gage height.......................... 173

Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 

Cedar River at:

description........................ 146-147

discharge............................ 147

discharge, daily.................... 149-150

discharge, monthly................ 151,188

gage height........................ 147-149

Cedar River at or nearAustin, Minn.:

description.......................... 144

discharge............................ 145

discharge, daily...................... 146

discharge, monthly.,.............. 146,188

gage height.......................... 145

Cedar Rapids, Iowa:

description........................ 146-147

discharge............................ 147

discharge, daily.................... 149-150

discharge, monthly................ 151,188

gage height........................ 147-149

Chandler, E. F., work of..................... 16

Chippewa Falls, Wis., 

Chippewa River at:

description.......................... 121

gage height.......................... 122

Chippewa River at or near 

Chippewa Falls, Wis.:

description.......................... 121

gage height.......................... 122

Watson, Minn.:

description.......................... 106

discharge............................ 106

discharge, daily...................... 107

discharge, monthly................ 108,188

gage height.......................... 107

Chippewa River basin, stream flow in..... 121-123

Clearwater River at 

Red Lake Falls, Minn.:

description.......................... 41

discharge............................ 41

discharge, daily...................... 43

discharge, monthly................. 43,187

gage height.......................... 42

Cooperation, credit for....................... 15-16

Cottonwood River nearNew Ulm, Minn.:

description.......................... Ho

discharge............................ 110

discharge, daily...................... Ill

discharge, monthly................ 112,188

...................... Ill

Crane Lake, Minn.,

Vermilion River at: Page, 

discharge............................ 186

Crookston, Minn.,

Red Lake River at:

description.......................... 36-37

discharge............................ 37

discharge, daily ..................... 38

discharge, monthly................. 38,187

gage height.......................... 37

Crow River at 

Rockford, Minn.:

description.......................... 85

discharge............................ 86

discharge, daily...................... 87

discharge, monthly.................. 87,187

Crow River (South Fork) near 

Rockford, Minn.:

description.......................... 87

discharge............................ 88

discharge, daily...................... 89

discharge, monthly................. 89,187

gage height.......................... 88

Crow Wing River at 

Nimrod, Minn.:

description.......................... 75

discharge............................ 75

discharge, daily...................... 76

discharge, monthly................. 77,187

gage height.......................... 75

Pillager, Minn.:

description.......................... 77

discharge-........................... 77

discharge, daily...................... 78-79

discharge, monthly................. 79,187

gage height.......................... 78

Current meters, view of...................... 15

Current-meter stations, views of............. 14

Data, explanation of......................... 12-14

Dean, H. I., work of......................... 16

De Carre, O., work of........................ 16

Definition of terms.......................... 10

Des Moines River at or near 

Fort Dodge, Iowa:

description........................ 153-154

discharge............................ 154

gage height.......................... 154

Jackson, Minn.:

description........................ 151-152

discharge............................ 152

discharge, daily.................... 152-153

discharge, monthly................ 153,188

gage height.......................... 152

Keosauqua, Iowa:

description.......................... 154

discharge............................ 154

Devils Lake near 

Devils Lake, N. Dak.:

description.......................... 34

gage height.......................... 34

Discharge, definition of.. ^................... 10

monthly, per square mile, summary of. 187-188 

Discharge measurements, accuracy of........ 14-15

tables of, explanation of................. 13

Drainage basins, list of....................... 7

East Grand Forks, Minn. 

Red Lake River at:

discharge............................ J§6
INDEX 191

Page.

Ebner, George, work of...................... 16

Elk River nearBig Lake, Minn.:

description.......................... 83

discharge............................ 84

discharge, daily...................... 84-85

discharge, monthly................. 85,187

gage height.......................... 84

Emerson, C. J., work of...................... 16

Equivalents, list of.......................... 11-12

Fargo, N. Dak. 

Red River at:

description.......................... 25

discharge.......... i................. 25

discharge, daily...................... 26

discharge, monthly................. 27,187

gage height.......................... 26

Fergus Falls, Minn. 

Otter Tail River near:

description.......................... 23

discharge............................ 24

discharge, daily...................... 24

discharge, monthly................. 25,187

gage height.......................... 24

Pelican River near:

description.......................... 30

discharge............................ 30

discharge, daily...................... 31

discharge, monthly................. 31,187

gage height.......................... 30

Field data, accuracy and reliability of....... 14-15

Follansbee, Robert, work of................. 16

Fort Dodge, Iowa 

Des Moines River near:

description........................ 153-154

discharge............................ 154

gage height.......................... 154

Gage heights, table of, explanation of........ 12-13

Gaging stations, views of.................... 14

Grand Forks, N. Dak. 

Red River at:

description..............._......__.. 27

discharge............................ 28

discharge, daily...................... 29

discharge, monthly................. 29,187

gage height.......................... 28

Grand Rapids, Minn. 

Prairie River near:

discharge............................ 186

Hallock, Minn. 

Two Rivers (South Branch) at:

description.......................... 43-44

discharge............................ 44

discharge, daily...................... 44-45

discharge, monthly. ............... 45,187

gage height.......................... 44

Hanley Falls, Minn. 

Yellow Medicine River at:

discharge............................ 186

Horton, A. H., work of...................... 16

Houston, Minn. 

Root River near:

description.......................... 128

discharge............................ 128

discharge, daily.................... 129-130

discharge, monthly................ 130,188

gage height.......................... 129

i Page. 

Hoyt, W. G., work of........................ 16

Hudson Bay drainage basin in United States,

miscellaneous measurements in.. 186 

stream flow in........................... 16-65

summary of mean discharge per square

mile in.......................... 187

Hughes, Minn.,

Little Fork River near:

discharge............................ 186

Illinois River basin, stream flow in........ 155-164

International Falls, Minn., 

Rainy River at:

description.......................... 53-54

discharge.........:.................. 54

discharge, daily..................... 55-58

discharge, monthly.............. 58-59,187

gage height.......................... 54-55

Investigations, authority for................. 7

Iowa Falls, Iowa, 

Iowa River near:

description.......................... 144

discharge............................ 144

gage height.......................... 144

Iowa River basin, stream flow in.......... 144-151

Iowa River near 

Iowa Falls, Iowa:

description.......................... 144

discharge............................ 144

gage height.......................... 144

Jackson, H. J., work of...................... 16

Jackson, Minn.,

Des Moines River at:

description........................ 151-152

discharge............................ 152

discharge, daily.................... 152-153

discharge, monthly................ 153,188

gage height.......................... 152

Jones, B. E., work of........................ 16

Kaskaskia River at or near 

Arcola, HI.:

description.......................... 167

discharge............................ 167

discharge, daily...................... 168

discharge, monthly................ 168,188

gage height.......................... 167

Carlyle, HI.:

description.......................... 173

discharge............................ 173

discharge, daily..................... 174

"discharge, monthly................ 174,188

gage height.......................... 173

New Athens, HI.:

description.......................... 175

discharge............................ 173

discharge, daily..................... 176

discharge, monthly................ 177,188

gage height........................ 175-176

Shelbyville, HI.:

description.......................... 169

discharge............................ 169

discharge, daily..................... 170

discharge, monthly................ 170,188

gage height.......................... 169

Vandalia, HI.:

description.......................... 171

discharge............................ 171

discharge, daily.. ................. 172
192 INDEX

Kaskaskia River at or near Continued.

Vandalia, 111. Continued. Page, 

discharge, monthly................ 172,188

. gage height.......................... 171

Kaskaskia River basin, stream flow in..... 167-181

Kennedy,Creek at 

Babb, Mont.:

discharge............................ 186

Kenney, 111.,

Salt Creek near:

description.......................... 163

discharge............................ 163

discharge, daily..................... 164

e, monthly................ 164,188

..'..................... 163

Keosauqua, Iowa,

Des Koines River at: 

 description................-..--..--- 154

discharge............................ 154

Kettle River near 

Sandstone, Minn.:

description.......................... 114

discharge............................ 115

discharge, daily..................... 116

discharge, monthly................ 116,188

gage height.......................... 115

King, W. R., work of........................ 16

Lac qui Parle, Minn.,

Lac qui Parle River at:

description.......................... 104

discharge............................ 104

discharge, daily..................... 105

discharge, monthly................ 106,188

gage height.......................... 104

Lac qui Parle River at 

Lac qui Parle, Minn.:

description.......................... 104

discharge............................ 104

discharge, daily..................... 105

discharge, monthly................ 106,188

gage height.......................... 104

Lake Vermilion, Minn., 

Vermilion River below:

discharge, monthly ................. 187

See also Tower, Minn. 

Lamb, W. A., work of....................... 16

Lanesboro, Minn.,

Root River (North Branch) near:

description.......................... 130

discharge............................ 131

discharge, daily..................... 132

discharge, monthly.............^.. 133,188

gage height.......................... 131

Larrison, G. K., work of..................... 16

"Lebanon, HI.,

Silver Creek near:

description.......................... 179

discharge............................ 179

discharge, daily................... 180-181

discharge, monthly................ 181,188

gage height.......................... 180

Libby (above Sandy River), Minn., 

Mississippi River near:

description.......................... 65-66

discharge, daily...................... 66

discharge monthly................... 66

See also Sandy Lake reservoir.

Little Fork, Minn.,

Little Fork River at: Page. 

description.......................... 60-61

discharge............................ 61

discharge, daily...................... 62

discharge, monthly................. 62,187

....................... 61

Little Fork River at or near 

Hughes, Minn.:

discharge............................ 186

Little Fork, Minn.:

description.......................... 60-61

discharge............................ 61

discharge, daily...................... 62

discharge, monthly................. 62,187

................'...^.. 61

Long Prairie River nearMotley, Minn.:

description.......................... 79

discharge............................ 79

discharge, daily...................... 80

discharge, monthly................. 81,187

gage height.......................... 80

McDermott Lake, Mont.:

Swiftcurrent Creek at. See Babb, Mont. 

McMfllan, A., work of....................... 16

Malone, Minn.,

Roseau River (East Branch) near:

discharge............................ 186

Malung, Minn.,

Roseau River (West Branch) near:

description.......................... 48

discharge............................ 48

discharge, daily...................... 49

discharge, monthly................. 49,187

gage height......................... 48

Mankato, Minn.,

Minnesota River near:

description.......................... 99

discharge............................ 99

discharge, daily....-.--........---... 100

discharge, monthly................ 101,188

....................... 100

12

Map showing mean annual precipitation in 

United States...................

Map showing mean annual run-off in United

States........................... 12

Merrill, Wis.,

Wisconsin River at:

description.......................... 134

gage height......................... 135

Minnesota River basin, stream flow in...... 94-112

Minnesota River near 

Mankato, Minn.: 

_ description.......................... 99

discharge............................ 99

discharge, dafly...................... 100

discharge, monthly................ 101,188

gage height......................... 100

Montevideo, Minn.,

description.......................... 96

discharge............................ 97

discharge, daily...................... 98

discharge, monthly................. 98,188

gage height......................... 97
INDEX 193

Minnesota River near Continued.

Odessa, Minn.: Page, 

description.......................... 94

discharge............................ 95

discharge, daily...................... 95-96

discharge, monthly................. 96,188

gage height......................... 95

Minot, N. Dak.,

Mouse River at:

description.......................... 49-50

discharge............................ 50

discharge, dafly...................... 51

discharge, monthly................. 52,188

gage height......................... 50-51

Miscellaneous measurements in 

Hudson Bay drainage basin............. 186

Mississippi River (upper) drainage basin. 186

Rainy River drainage basin............. 186

Red River drainage basin................ 186

St. Mary River (Montana) drainage basin 186 

Mississippi River at or near 

Anoka, Minn.:

description.......................... 67

discharge............................ 67

discharge, daily...................... 68

discharge, monthly................. 69,187

gage height......................... 67-68

Libby (above Sandy River), Minn.:

description.......................... 65-66

discharge, dafly...................... 66

discharge, monthly.................. 66

St. Paul, Minn.:

description.......................... 69-70

discharge............................ 70

discharge, daily...................... 71

discharge, monthly................. 71,187

gage height......................... 70

Sandy River, Minn.:

discharge, monthly................. 187

See also Libby, Minn. 

Mississippi River (upper) drainage basin,

miscellaneous measurements in.. 186

stream flow in.......................... 65-185

summary of mean discharge per square

mile in........................ 187-188

Monk, P. S., work of........................ 16

Monley, Gone, work of....................... 16

Montevideo, Minn.,

Minnesota River near:

description.......................... 96

discharge............................ 97

discharge, dafly...................... 98

discharge, monthly................. 98,188

gage height......................... 97

Monticello, 111.,

Sangamon River near:

description.......................... 155

discharge............................ 155

discharge, daily..................... 156

discharge, monthly............... 156,188

gage height.......................... 155

Mora, Minn.,

Snake River at:

description.......................... 117

discharge............................ 117

discharge, dally..................... 118

discharge, monthly................ 118,188

gage height.......................... 117

70057° WSP 305 13 13

Motley, Minn.,

Long Prairie River near: Page, 

description.......................... 79

discharge............................ 79

discharge, daily..................... 80

discharge, monthly................. 81,187

gage height.......................... 80

Mouse River at 

Minot, N. Dak.:

description!......................... 49-50

discharge............................ 50

discharge, daily..................... 51

discharge, monthly................. 52,187

gage height.......................... 50-51

Necedah, Wis.,

Wisconsin River near:

description.......................... 135

gage height........................ 135-136

Neche, N. Dak.,

Pembina River at:

description....... T .................. 45-46

discharge............................ 46

discharge, daily..................... 47

discharge, monthly................. 47,187

gage height.......................... 46

New Athens, 111..,

Kaskaskia River at:

description.......................... 175

discharge............................ 175

discharge, daily..................... 176

discharge, monthly................ 177,188

gage height........................ 175-176

New Ulm, Minn.,

Cottonwood River near:

description.......................... 110

discharge.................~........... 110

discharge, daily..................... Ill

discharge, monthly................ 112,188

gage height.......................... Ill

Nimrod, Minn.,

Crow Wing River at:

description.......................... 75

discharge............................ 75

discharge, daily..................... 76

discharge, monthly................. 77,187

gage height.......................... 75

Oakford, 111.,

Sangamon'River near:

description........................ 158-159

discharge............................ 159

discharge, dafly..................... 160

discharge, monthly................ 160,188

gage height.......................... 159

Odessa, Mi-mi.,

Minnesota River near:

description.......................... 94

discharge............................ 95

discharge, daily..................... 95-96

discharge, monthly................. 96,188

gage height.......................... 95

Onamia, Minn., 

Rum River at:

description,..,,.-...................... 89

discharge............................ 90

discharge, daily...................... 91

discharge, monthly................. 91*, 187

gageheight.....................;.... 90
194 INDEX

Otter Tail River nearFergus Falls, Minn.: Page, 

description.......................... 23

discharge............................ 24

discharge, daily..................... 24

discharge, monthly................. 25,187

gage height.......................... 24

Padgett,H. D., work of..................... 16

Pecatonica River, 111.,

Rock River near. See Rockton, 111.

Pelican River near 

Fergus Falls, Minn.:

description.......................... 30

discharge............................ 30

discharge, daily..................... 31

discharge, monthly................. 31,187

gage height.......................... 30

Pembina River at 

Neche, N. Dak.:

description.......................... 45-46

discharge............................ 46

discharge, daily..................... 47

discharge, monthly................. 47,187

gage height.......................... 46

Pillager, Minn.,

Crow Wing River at:

description................'.......... 77

discharge............................ 77

discharge, daily..................... 78-79

discharge, monthly................. 79,187

'gage height.......................... 78

Pinckneyville, III,

Beaucoup Creek near:

description........................ 183-184

discharge............................ 184

discharge, daily..................... 185

discharge, monthly................ 185,188

gage height.......................... 184

Pine River below 

Pine River reservoir, Minn.:

description.......................... 73

discharge............................ 73

discharge, daily..................... 74

discharge, monthly................. 74,187

Pine River reservoir, Minn., 

Pine River below:

description.......................... 73

discharge......................... v . 73

discharge, daily..................... 74

discharge, monthly................. 74,187

Poag, 111.,

Cahokia Creek near:

description.......................... 165

discharge............................ 165

discharge, daily................:..... 166

discharge, monthly................ 166,188

gage height.......................... 165

Portage, Minn.,

Vermilion River at:

discharge............................ 186

Prairie River near 

Grand Rapids, Minn.:

discharge............................ 186

Precipitation in United States, mean annual,

map showing.................... 12

Price meters, views of....................... 15

Publications, list of.......................... 7-10

Rainy Lake at 

Ranier, Minn,:

description-:........-............... 60

Rainy Lake at Continued.

Ranier, Minn. Continued. Page. 

gage height.......................... 60

Rainy River at 

International Falls, Minn.:

description.......................... 53-54

discharge............................ 54

discharge, daily...................... 55-58

discharge, monthly.............. 58-59,187

gage height.......................... 54-55

Rainy River drainage basin, miscellaneous

measurements in;............... 186

stream flow in........................... 53-65

Ranier, Minn.,

Rainy Lake at:

description.......................... 60

gage height.......................... 100

Rating curves and tables, accuracy of........ 14

construction of.......................... 13

Red Lake Falls, Minn.,

Clearwater River at:

description.......................... 41

discharge............................ 41

discharge, daily...................... 43

discharge, monthly................. 43,187

gageheight.......................... < 42

Red Lake River at 

Crookston, Minn.:

description.......................... 36-37

discharge............................ 37

discharge, daily...................... 38

discharge, monthly................. 38,187

gage height.......................... 37

East Grand Forks, Minn.:

discharge............................ 186

Thief River Falls, Minn.:

description.......................... 34

discharge............................ 35

discharge, daily...................... 35-36

discharge, monthly................. 36,187

gageheight.......................... 35

Red River at 

Fargo, N. Dak.:

description.......................... 25

discharge............................ 25

discharge, daily...................... 26

discharge, monthly................. 27,187

gage height.......................... 26

Grand Forks, N. Dak.:

description.......................... 27

discharge............................ 28

discharge, daily.........."....,....... 29

discharge, monthly................. 29,187

gageheight.......................... 28

Red River drainage basin, miscellaneous

measurements in................ 186

stream flow in........................... 23-53

Redwood Falls, Minn.,

Redwood River near:

description.......................... 108

discharge............................ 108

discharge, daily...................... 109

discharge, monthly................ 110,188

gage height.......................... 109

Eedwood River nearRedwood Falls, Minn.:

description.......................... 108

discharge............................ 108

discharge, daily...................... 109
INDEX 195

Redwood River near Continued.

Redwood Falls, Minn. Continued. Page. 

discharge, monthly................ 110,188

gage height.......................... 109

Rhinelander, Wis.,

Wisconsin River near:

description.......................... 133

gage height.......................... 134

RIverton, 111.,

Saugamon River at:

description.......................... 157

discharge............................ 157

discharge, daily...................... 158

discharge, monthly................ 158,188

gage height.......................... 157

Rockford, Minn., 

Crow River at:

description.......................... 85

discharge............................ 86

discharge, daily...................... 87

discharge, monthly................. 87,187

gage height.......................... 86

Crow River (South Fork) near:

description.......................... 87

discharge............................ 88

discharge, daily...................... 89

discharge, monthly................. 89,187

Rock River at or near 

Pecatonica River. See Rockton, 111. 

Rockton 111. (below mouth of Pecatonica

River): 

description.......................... 138

discharge, daily................... 139-142

discharge, monthly................ 142-143

Rockton, 111.,

Rock River (below mouth of Pecatonica

River) at: 

description.......................... 138

discharge, daily................... 139-142

discharge, monthly................ 142-143

Root River nearHouston, Minn.:

description.......................... 128

discharge............................ 128

discharge, daily................... 129-130

discharge, monthly................ 130,188

gage height.......................... 129

Root River (North Branch), near 

Lanesboro, Minn.:

description.......................... 130

discharge............................ 131

discharge, daily..................... 132

discharge, monthly................ 133,188

gage height.......................... 131

Roseau City, Minn.7 

Roseau River near:

discharge............................ 186

Roseau River near 

Roseau City, Minn.:

discharge............................ 186

Roseau River (East Branch) near 

Malone, Minn.:

discharge...... ..................... 186

Roseau River (West Branch) near 

Malung, Minn.:

description.......................... 48

discharge............................ 48

discharge, daily..................... 49

Roseau River (West Branch) near Contd.

Malung, Minn. Continued. Page, 

discharge, monthly................. 49,187

gage height.......................... 48

Rum River at 

i Cambridge, Minn.: 

| description.......................... 92

discharge............................ 92

discharge, daily..................... 93

discharge, monthly................. 94,187

gage height.......................... 92-93

Onamia, Minn.:

description.......................... 89

discharge............................ 90

discharge, daily..................... 91

discharge, monthly................. 91,187

gage height.......................... 90

R in-ofl, definition of........................ 10

Rin-off in United States, mean annual, map

showing......................... 12

Cloud, Mton., 

Sauk River near: 

description... ................... 81

................... 81

discharge, dafly..................... 82-83

discharge, monthly................. 83,187

................... 82

. Croix Falls, Wis.,

St. Croix River near 

description.......................... 112

discharge, daily..................... 113

discharge, monthly................ 114,188

. Croix River basin, stream flow in...... 112-118

. Croix River near 

St. Croix Falls, Wis.:

description.......................... 112

discharge, daily..................... 113

discharge, monthly................ 114,188

;. Mary River at or near 

Babb, Mont.:

description....................... 16-17,19

discharge........................ 17,19,186

discharge, daily..................... 18,20

discharge, monthly.............. 18,21,187

gage height....................... 17,19-20

Cardston, Alberta:

description.......................... 21

discharge............................ 21

discharge, daily..................... 22

discharge, monthly................. 23,187

gage height.......................... 22

Swiftcurrent Creek. See Babb, Mont. 

t. Mary River drainage basin, miscellaneous

 measurements in................ 186

stream flow in........................... 16-23

t. Paul, Minn.,

Mississippi River at:

description.......................... 69-70

discharge............................ 70

discharge, daily..................... 71

discharge, monthly................. 71,187

gage height.......................... 70

Salt Creek near 

Kenney,Ill.:

description.......................... 163

discharge............................ 163

discharge, daily..................... 164

discharge, monthly................ 164,188

gage height.......................... 163
196 INDEX

Sandstone, Minn.,

Kettle Biver near: Page, 

description.......................... 114

discharge............................ 115

discharge, daily..................... 116

discharge, monthly................ 116,188

gage height.......................... 115

Sandy Lake reservoir, Minn.:

overflow, monthly....................... 73

Sandy Eiver below:

description.......................... 72

discharge............................ 72

discharge, daily..................... 72

Sandy Eiver, Minn.,

Mississippi Eiver above:

discharge, monthly.................. 187

See also Libby, Minn. 

Sandy Eiver near 

Libby, Minn. See Sandy Lake reservoir.

Sandy Lake reservoir, Minn.:

description.......................... 72

discharge............................ 72

discharge, daily...................... 72

Sangamon Eiver at or near 

Monticello, HI.:

description.......................... 155

discharge,........................... 155

discharge, daily...................... 156

discharge, monthly................ 166,188

gage height.......................... 155

Oakford, HI.:

description........................ 158-159

discharge............................ 159

discharge, daily...................... 160

discharge, monthly................ 160,188

gage height.......................... 159

Eiverton, 111.:

description.......................... 157

discharge............................ 157

discharge, daily...................... 158

discharge, monthly................ 158,188

gage height.......................... 157

Sangamon Eiver (South Fork) near 

Taylorville, HI.:

description........................ 160-161

discharge............................ 161

discharge, dafly...................... 162

e, monthly................ 162,188

....................... 161

Sauk Eiver near 

St. Cloud, Minn.:

description.......................... 81

discharge............................ 81

discharge, daily...................... 82-83

discharge, monthly................. 83,187

Second-foot, definition of.................. 10

Shelbyvflle, HI.,

Kaskaskia Eiver at:

description.......................... 169

discharge............................ 169

discharge, dafly...................... 170

discharge, monthly................ 170,188

gage height.......................... 169

Shoal Creek near 

Breese, HI.:

description.......................... 177

discharge............................ 177

discharge, daily...................... 178

Shoal Creek near Continued.

Breese, 111. Continued. Page. 

i,monthly................ 179,188

......................... 178

Silver Creek nearLebanon, HI.:

description.......................... 179

discharge............................ 179

discharge, dafly.................... 180-181

discharge, monthly................ 181,188

gage height.......................... 180

Snake Eiver at 

Mora, Minn.:

description.......................... 117

discharge............................ 117

discharge, daily...................... 118

discharge, monthly................ 118,188

gage height.......................... 117

Soule", S. B., work of......................... 16

Stone City, Iowa,

Wapsipinicon Eiver at:

description.......................... 136

discharge............................ 136

discharge, daily...................... 137

i, monthly................ 138,188

leight........................ 136-137

Stream measurement, accuracy of........... 14-15

publications on, by United States Geological Survey................... Ti-10

Swiftcurrent Creek, Mont., 

St. Mary Eiver near:

discharge, monthly, per square mfle.. 187 

See also Babb, Mont. 

Swiftcurrent Creek at or near 

Babb, Mont.:

discharge............................ ,Wfi

Swiftcurrent Creek at 

McDennott Lake, Mont. See Babb,

Mont. 

Tables, explanation of....................... 12-13

Taylorvflle, HI.,

Sangamon Eiver (South Fork) near:

description........................ 160-161

discharge............................ 161

discharge, dafly...................... 162

discharge, monthly................ 162,188

gage height.......................... 161

Terms, definitions of......................... 10

Thief Eiver Falls, Minn., 

Eed Lake Eiver at:

description.......................... 34

discharge............................ 35

discharge, dafly...................... 35-36

discharge, monthly................. 36,187

gage height.......................... 35

Thief Eiver near:

description.......................... 39

discharge............................ 39

discharge, dafly...................... 40

discharge, monthly................. 41,187

gage height.......................... 39-40

Thief Eiver nearThief Eiver Falls, Minn.:

description.......................... 39

discharge............................ 39

discharge, daily...................... 40

discharge, monthly................. 41,187

gage height.......................... 39-40
INDEX 197

Tower, Minn. (below Lake Vermilion),

Vennflioii River near: Page, 

description.......................... 64

discharge............................ 64

discharge, daily...................... 65

discharge, monthly................. 65,187

gage height.......................... 64

Tutfle, A. H., work of....................... 16

Twin Valley, Minn., 

Wfld Rice River at:

description.......................... 31-32

discharge............................ 32

discharge, daily...................... 33

discharge, monthly................. 33,187

gage height.......................... 32

Two Kivers (South Branch) at 

Hallock, Minn.:

description.......................... 43-44

discharge............................ 44

discharge, daily...................... 44-45

discharge, monthly................. 45,187

gage height........................... 44

University, N. Dak.,

evaporation at.......................... 53

evaporation station, description of....... 52-53

rainfall 53 

temperature............................. 53

Vsndalia, 111.,

Kaskaskia River at:

description.......................... 171

discharge............................ 171

discharge, daily...................... 172

discharge, monthly................ 172,188

gage height.......................... 171

Vermilion Lake, Minn. See Lake Vermilion. 

Vermilion River at or nearCrane Lake, Minn.:

discharge............................ 186

Lake Vermilion, Minn.:

discharge, monthly................. 187

See also Tower, Minn. 

Portage, Minn.:

discharge............................ 186

Tower, Minn. (below Lake Vermilion):

description.......................... 64

discharge............................ 64

discharge, daily...................... 65

discharge, monthly................. 65,187

gage height.......................... 64

Wading measurements, making of, view of... 14 

Walters, M. I., work of...................... 16

Wapsipinicon River at 

Stone City, Iowa:

description.......................... 136

discharge............................ 136

discharge, daily...................'... 137

discharge, monthly................ 138,188

gage height........................ 136-137

Watson, Minn.,

Chlppewa River near:

description.......................... 106

discharge............................ 106

discharge, daily...................... 107

discharge, monthly................ 108,188

gage height.......................... 107

Welch, Mton.,

Cannon River at:

description.......................... 119

Welch, Minn. Continued.

Cannon River at Continued. Page. 

discharge............................ 120

discharge, daily.................... 120-121

discharge, monthly................ 121,188

gage height.......................... 120

velocity under ice, distribution of,

figure showing.................. 119

Whetstone River near 

Big Stone, S. Dak.:

description.......................... 101

discharge............................ 101

discharge, daily.................... 102-103

i, monthly.................. 103

....................... 102

Wild Rice River at 

Twin Valley, Minn.:

description.......................... 31-32

discharge.1.......................... 32

discharge, daily...................... 33

discharge, monthly................. 33,187

gage height.......................... 32

Wisconsin River at or near 

Merrill, Wis.:

description.......................... 134

gage height.......................... 135

Necedah, Wis.:

description.......................... 135

gage height........................ 135-136

Rhinelander, Wis.:

description.......................... 133

gage height.......................... 134

Wood, B. D., work of....................... 16

Work, subdivision of........................ 16

Yellow Medicine River at 

Hanley Falls, Minn.:

discharge............................ 186

Zumbro Falls, Minn., 

Zumbro River at:

description.......................... 123

discharge............................ 124

discharge, daily...................... 125

discharge, monthly................ 126,188

gage height.......................... 125

velocity, distribution of, in open

channels, figure showing......... 124

Zumbro River (South Branch) near:

description.......................... 126

discharge............................ 126

discharge, daily...................... 127

discharge, monthly................ 128,188

gage height.......................... 127

Zumbro River at 

Zumbro Falls, Minn.:

description.......................... 123

discharge............................ 124

discharge, daily...................... 125

discharge, monthly................ 126,188

gage height.......................... 125

velocity, distribution of, in open

channels, figure showing......... 124

Zumbro River (South Branch) near 

Zumbro Falls, Minn.:

description.......................... 126

discharge............................ 126

discharge, daily...................... 127

discharge, monthly................ 128,188

....................... 127

o