DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR

WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 304

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1911

PART IY. ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN

PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF M. O. IiEIGHTON

BY

C. C. COVERT AND R. H. BOLSTER

WASHINGTON

GOVERNMENT FEINTING OFFICE

1912
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIBECTOB

WATER- SUPPLY PAPER 304:

SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE 

UNITED STATES

1911

PART IV. ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN

PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF M. O. BEIGHTON

BY

C. C. COVERT AND R. H. BOLSTER
CONTENTS.

Page.

Authority for the work ..................................................... 5

Publications.............................................................. 6

Definition of terms......................................................... 8

 Convenient equivalents.................................................... 9

Explanation of data........................................................ 10

Accuracy and reliability of field data and comparative results................. 12

Cooperation and acknowledgments......................................... 13

Division of work.......................................................... 14

Streams tributary to Lake Superior.......................................... 15

Brule River at mouth, Minn............................................ 15

Devil Track River at mouth, Minn..................................... 16

Cascade River at mouth, Minn......................................... 16

Poplar River at mouth, Minn........................................... 17

Beaver Bay River at Beaver Bay, Minn................................. 18

St. Louis River and tributaries......................................... 18

St. Louis River near Thomson, Minn............................... 18

Whiteface River at Meadowlands, Minn............................. 20

Cloquet River at Independence, Minn.............................. 22

Streams tributary to Lake Michigan........................................ 25

Escanaba River near Escanaba, Mich................................... 25

Menominee River near Iron Mountain, Mich............................. 26

Wolf River and tributaries.............................................. 28

Wolf River at Keshena, Wis....................................... 28

West Branch of Wolf River at Neopit, Wis........................... 30

Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich.................................... 32

Manistee River near Sherman, Mich..................................... 33

Streams tributary to Lake Huron........................................... 35

Au Sable River at Bamfield, Mich...................................... 35

Streams tributary to Lake Erie............................................. 36

Huron River at Dexter, Mich........................................... 36

Huron River at Geddes, Mich.......................................... 37

Huron River at Flat Rock, Mich........................................ 38

Cattaragus Creek at Versailles, N. Y..................................... 40

Streams tributary to Lake Ontario...................................... ^... 41

Genesee River and tributaries........................................... 41

Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y................................. 41

Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y............ 45

Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y.................................. 48

Canaseraga Creek at Dansville, N. Y................................ 50

Keshequa Creek at Sonyea, N. Y.................................... 51

Canadice Lake outlet near Hemlock, N. Y.......................... 52

3
4 CONTENTS.

Streams tributary to Lake Ontario Continued. Page.

Tributary to Oswego River ............................. i.............. 53

Oneida River at Caughdenoy, N. Y ................................. 53

Salmon River and tributaries........................................... 55

Salmon River at Stillwater Bridge, near Redfield, N. Y............... 55

Salmon River at Pulaski, N. Y...................................... 57

Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. Y.................................... 59

Black River and tributaries............................................ 61

Black River near Boonville, N. Y................................... 61

Black River near Felts Mills, N. Y.................................. 65

Moose River at Moose River, N. Y................................. 66

Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y.................... 69

Streams flowing to St. Lawrence River...................................... 70

Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y.............................. 70

Raquette River and tributaries......................................... 72

Raquette River at Raquette Falls, near Coreys, N. Y................. 72

Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y...... P .......................... 74

Raquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y........................... 76

Bog River near Tupper Lake, N. Y................................. 79

St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y................................ 81

Richelieu River and Lake Champlain................................... 83

Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt.................................. 83

Richelieu River at Fort Montgomery, N. Y......................... 83

Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y.............................. 84

East Creek near Rutland, Vt....................................... 85

Winooski River above Stevens Branch, near Montpelier, Vt.......... 86

Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt.................................. 86

Worcester Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt................ 87

Dog River at Northfield, Vt......................................... 88

Lamoille River at Johnson, Vt..................................... 88

Missisquoi River at Richford, Vt.................................... 89

Tributary through St. Francis River.................................... 90

Clyde River at West Derby, Vt..................................... 90

Miscellaneous discharge measurements in St. Lawrence River basin.......... 91

Summary of discharge per square mile....................................... 92

Index.................................................................... 93

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Page.

I. Map showing mean annual precipitation in the United States....... 8

II. Map showing mean annual run-off in the United States.............. 8

III. Typical gaging stations: A, For bridge measurements; B, For wading measurement..................................... - .- 10

IV. Small Price current meters....................................... 12
SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OF THE ST. LAWRENCE 

RIVER BASIN, 1911.

By C. C. COVERT and R. H. BOLSTER.

AUTHORITY FOB THE WORK.

This volume is Part IV of a series of 12 reports presenting results 

of measurements of flow made on certain streams in the United States 

during the calendar year 1911. The reports are listed in the following table:

Papers on surface water supply of tli-e United States, 1911.

Part.o

I

II

III

IV

. V

VI

VII

VIII

IX

X

XI

XII

No.

301

302

303

304

305 

306

307

308

309

310

311

312

Title.

North Atlantic coast.

South Atlantic coast and eastern Gulf of Mexico.

Ohio Kiver^asin.

St. Lawrence River basin.

Upper Mississippi Kiver and Hudson Bay basins. 

Missouri River basin.

Lower Mississippi River basin.

Western Gulf of Mexico.

Colorado River basin.

Great Basin.

Pacific coast in California.

North Pacific coast.

-

o For the purpose of uniformity in the presentation of reports, a general plan has been agreed upon by the 

United States Reclamation Service, the United States Forest Service, the United States Weather Bureau, 

and the United States Geological Survey, according to which the area of the United States has been divided 

into 12 parts, whose boundaries coincide with natural drainage lines indicated by the parts of the report.

The data presented in these reports were collected by the United 

States Geological Survey under authority implied in the organic law 

(20 Stat. L., p. 394), which contains the following paragraph:

Provided, That this officer [the Director] shall have the direction of the geological 

survey and the classification of public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources, and products of the national domain.

The work was begun in 1888 in connection with special studies of 

water supply for irrigation. '

Since the fiscal year ending June 30, 1895, successive sundry civil 

bills passed by Congress have carried the following item and appropriations.

5
6 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART IV.

For gaging the streams and determining the water supply of the United States and 

for the investigation of underground currents and artesian wells and for the preparation of reports upon the best methods of utilizing the water resources. 

Annual appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30 

1895..................................................... $12,500

1896..................................................... 20,000

1897 to 1900, inclusive.........................,......... 50,000

1901 to 1902, inclusive................................... 100,000

1903 to 1906, inclusive................................... 200,000

1907..................................................... 150,000

1908 to 1910, inclusive................................... 100,000

1911 to 1913, inclusive .................................. 150,000

In the execution of the work many private and State organizations 

have cooperated. Acknowledgments for such cooperation are made 

on pages 13-14, and also in connection with the description of each 

station affected by the cooperative work.

PUBLICATIONS.

Measurements of stream flow have been made at nearly 2,000 

points in the United States, and also at many points in small areas 

in Seward Peninsula and the Yukon-Tanana region, Alaska, and in 

the Hawaiian Islands. During 1911 gaging stations were maintained 

by the Survey and the cooperating organizations at about 1500 points 

in the United States, and many discharge measurements were made 

at other points. In connection with this work data were also collected in regard to precipitation, evaporation, storage reservoirs, 

river profiles, and water power in many sections of the country, 

and will be made available in the regular surface water supply papers 

from time to time. A complete list of the gaging stations maintained 

by the Survey to and including 1910, and a list of the papers relating 

to the water supply of the country, have been published by the Survey 

as Water-Supply Paper 280. An index to the reports containing 

stream-flow measurements prior to 1904 has been published as WaterSupply Paper 119.

For each calendar year there has been prepared a report embodying the stream-flow data collected during that year, which has been 

published either as a part of the Annual Report of the Director, as 

a bulletin, or as a water-supply paper, as shown by the following 

table:
ST. LAWRENCE BIVEE BASIN.

Stream-flow data in reports of the United States Geological Survey. 

[A= Annual Report; B= Bulletin; WS= Water-Supply Paper.]

Report.

10th A, pt.NZ..........

llth A, pt. 2..........

12th A, pt. 2..........

14th A, pt. 2..........

B131.................

16thA,pt.2..........

B140.. ...............

WS11................

18th A, pt. 4..........

WS15. ...............

WS 16.. ..............

19th A, pt. 4. .........

WS 27. ...............

WS28................

20th A, pt. 4.. ........

WS35 to 39. ..........

21st A, pt. 4.. .........

WS47to52. ..........

22d A, pt.4. ..........

WS65,66.............

WS 75. ...............

WS 82 to 85. ..........

WS 97 to 100. .........

WS 124 to 135. ........

WS 165 to!78. ........

WS201to214.........

WS241to252... ......

WS 261 to 272.........

WS281to292.........

WS 301 to 312.........

Character of data.

.....do... .......................................................

Monthly discharge (long-time records, 1871 to 1893) ..............

Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, and ratings ..........

Descriptive information only.. . .................................

Descriptions, measurements, gage heights, ratings, and monthly 

discharge (also many data covering earlier years). 

Gage heights (also gage heights for earlier years) .................

Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 

(also similar data for some earlier years). 

Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights; eastern United 

States, eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River above 

junction with Kansas. 

Descriptions, measurements, and gage heights, western Mississippi River below junction of Missouri and Platte, and western 

United States. 

Descriptions, measurements, ratings, and monthly discharge 

(also some long-time records). 

Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, eastern United States, 

eastern Mississippi River, and Missouri River. 

Measurements, ratings, and gage heights, Arkansas River and 

western United States.

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.... .do. .........................................................

.....do..........................................................

.....do..........................................................

Year.

1884 to Sept., 

1890. 

1884 to June 30. 

1891. 

1884 to Dec. 31, 

1892. 

1888 to Dec. 31, 

1893. 

1893 and 1894.

1895.

1896. 

1895 and 1896.

1897. 

1897.

1897. 

1898. 

1898.

1898. 

1899. 

1899. 

1900. 

1900. 

1901. 

1901. 

1902. 

1903. 

1904. 

1905. 

1906. 

1907-8. 

1909. 

1910. 

1911.

NOTE. No data regarding stream flow are given in the 15th and 17th annual reports.

The table which follows gives, by years and drainage basins, the 

numbers of the papers on surface water supply published from 1899 

to 1911. The data for any particular station will be found in the 

reports covering the years during which the station was maintained. 

For example, data for Machias River at WMtneyville, Me., 1903 to 

1911, are published in Water-Supply Papers 97, 124, 165, 201, 241, 

261, 281, and 301, which contain records for the New England 

streams from 1903 to 1911.
8 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PABT IV.

Numbers of water-supply papers containing results of stream measurements, 1899-1911.

North Atlantic coast (St. John 

River to York River) .........

South Atlantic coast and eastern Gulf of Mexico (James

St. Lawrence River and Great

Hudson Bay and upper Mississippi River. ..................

Great Basin. ....................

North Atlantic coast (St. John 

River to York River). ... ......

South Atlantic coast and eastem Gulf of Mexico (James

St. Lawrence River and Great

Hudson Bay and upper Missis1899 o

35

?35,36 

36

36

36 

*36,37 

37 

37 

»37,38 

38,P39 

38, r 39 

38

19006

47, c48

48 

48, ft 49

49

49 

49, *50 

50 

50 

50 

51 

51 

51

1905

d 165, « 166, / 167

7167,168 

169

170

171 

" 172 

. .7169,173 

174 

175,ol77 

176 q 177 

177 

* 177, 178

1901

65,75

65,75 

65,75

65,75

^65,66,75 

66.75 

* 65, 66, 75 

66,75 

66,75 

66,75 

66,75 

66,75

1906

d 201, e 202,7203

7203,204 

205

206

207 

208 

* 205, 209 

210 

211 

212, s-213 

213 

214

1902

82

?82,83 

83

*82,S3

^83,85 

84 

if S3, 84 

84 

85 

85 

85 '85

1907-8

241

242 

243

244

245 

246 

247 

248 

249 

250, 3251 

251 

252

1903

97

?97,98 

98

97

^98,99,100 

99 

^98,99 

99 

100 

100 

100 

100

1909

261

262 

263

264

265 

266 

267 

268 

269 

270, 9271 

271 

272

1904

d 124, « 125,7 126

/ 126, 127 

128

129

/ 128, 130 

130, m 131 

^128.131 

132 

133 

133,3134 

134 

135

1910

281

282 

283

284

285 

286 

287 

288 

289 

290 

291 

292

1911

301

302 

303

304

305 

306 

307 

308 

309 

310 

311 

312

a Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 35-39 continued in Water-Supply Paper 39. 

6 Rating tables and index to Water-Supply Papers 47-52 and data on precipitation, wells, and irrigation 

in California and Utah contained in Water-Supply Paper 52. 

c Wissahickon and Schuylkill rivers to James River. 

<* New England rivers only. 

« Hudson River to Delaware River, inclusive. 

/ Susquehanna River to Yadkin River, inclusive. 

9 James River only.

* Scioto River.

* Lake Ontario and tributaries to St. Lawrence River proper. 

i Tributaries of Mississippi from east.

* Gallatin River.

l Loup and Platte rivers near Columbus, Nebr., and all tributaries below junction with Platte.

 Platte and Kansas rivers.

» Green and Gunnison rivers and Grand River above junction with Gunnison.

o Below junction with Gila.

p Mohave River only.

i Great Basin in California, excepting Truckee and Carson drainage basins.

f Kings and Kern rivers and south Pacific coast drainage basins.

* Rogue, Umpqua, and Siletz rivers only.

DEFINITION OF TERMS.

The volume of water flowing in a stream the "run-off or discharge " is expressed in various terms, each of which has become 

associated with a certain class of work. These terms may be divided 

into two groups (1) those which represent a rate of flow, as secondfeet, gallons per minute, miner's inches, and discharge in second-feet 

per square mile, and (2) those which represent the actual quantity of 

water, as- run-off in depth in inches and acre-feet. The units used in 

this series of reports are second-feet, second-feet per square mile, runoff depth in inches and acre-feet. They may be defined as follows:
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS 301 TO 312 PLATE I

MAP OF UNITED STATES, SHOWING MEAN ANNUAL PRECIPITATION 

Blue lines and figures indicate average annual precipitation in depth in inches

Prepared by Hfinry Gannett 

mainly from data of the 

United States Geological Survey
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

GEORGE OTIS SMITH. DIRECTOR WATER-SUPPLY PAPERS 301 TO 312 PLATE

 iefli ! &f

i>- ^T,: , .: I----', - -. '" / ' ' 4V p^"*<.. i. *» --. " V*-. -: -:-. . - ' J "v "=/( V "-'vj ^ / -v- ,->r-'>iV ft -L r-< ' / i ^--_ j ;^ : f -~f- i ! 5 ^1 V-al 1 ! ;, > I S.. ^.- -' ^.^^. - ...i-J

f^^ 'v '" --- ~^"" ^-^^^^^^vlv-v^AfV. \ V: Vk'*"'/"^--'-"?""T|K ^ ;/ ai 7- \_..w "*«t- A js&V''^'1 j^- / )L-J-^x.; / s _ >«.' 's- bi i, \vv-^\3, /v/,-.i'A\ »/- /- T-,'*»«^' -^.i&'Sw'Vi*;_-.

r^f ; V^j-(f *\ ^s W V*.^'--"'";7\!B-w? > fct^

\' . / c r -- ^.^tf^r <j^-*^de

-^-^ K -:.%^-^^^>>^rp i^- ^-i^^ j<^iafSi-rM^TS^^fe^®;

~fc --t-*-.^&-..*.M - r-l "--. L.^T^.\ I ^ : : / ,

" '' "7 ^-"' ^ /"^ " ' j. ^N 'I- \' ' '=/-, A;« 'SPr"*1

MAP OF UNITED STATES, SHOWING MEAN ANNUAL KUN-OFF

Blue lines and figures indicate average annual run-off in depth in inches

Prepared by Honry Gannt'* 

ma n y from data of Vie 

Uni!«ri States Geoiogica; Survey
ST. LAWEENCE EIVEE BASIN.

"Second-foot" is an abbreviation for cubic foot per second and is the 

unit for the rate of discharge of water flowing in a stream 1 foot wide, 

1 foot deep, at a rate of 1 foot per second. It is generally used as a 

fundamental unit from which others are computed by the use of the 

factors given in the following table of equivalents.

"Second-feet per square mile" is the average number of cubic feet 

* of water flowing per second from each square mile of area drained, on 

. the assumption that the run-off is distributed uniformly both as 

regards time and area.

' "Run-off, depth in inches," is the depth to which the drainage area 

would be covered if all the water flowing from it in a given period 

were conserved and uniformly distributed on the surface. It is used 

for comparing run-off with rainfall, which is usually expressed in 

. depth in inches.

An " acre-foot" is equivalent to 43,560 cubic feet and is the quantity 

required to cover an acre to the depth of 1 foot. The term is commonly used in connection with storage for irrigation work.

CONVENIENT EQUIVALENTS.

The following is a list of convenient equivalents for use in hydraulic 

computations:

Table for converting discharge in second-feet per square mile into run-off in depth in

inches over the area.

Discharge in second-feet per square mile.

1.... ......................................

2..........................................

3..........................................

4..........................................

5. .........................................

6..........................................

7..........................................

8..........................................

Run-ofE in inches.

1 day.

0. 03719 

.07438 

. 11157 

. 14876 

.18595 

.22314 

.26033 

.29752 

.33471

28 days.*

1.041 

2.083 

3.124 

4.165 

5.207 

6.248 

7.289 

8.331 

9.372

29 days.

1.079 

2.157 

3.236 

4.314 

5.393 

6.471 

7.550 

8.628 

9.707

30 days.

1.116 

2.231 

3.347 

4.463 

5.578 

6.694 

7.810 

8.926 

10.041

31 days.

1.153 

2.306 

3.459 

4.612 

5.764 

6.917 

8.070 

9.223 

10.376

NOTE. For partial month multiply the values for one day by the number of days.

Table for converting discharge in second-feet into run-off in acre-feet.

Run-ofE in acre-feet.

1... ....... ................................

2..........................................

3..........................................

4..........................................

5..........................................

6..........................................

7..........................................

8..........................................

9..........................................

1 day.

1.983

3.967

5.950

7.934

9 Q17

11.90

13.88

15.87

17.85

28 days.

55.54

111.1

166.6

222.1

277.7

333.2

388.8

444.3

499.8

29 days.

57.52

115.0

172.6

230.1

287.6

345.1

402.6

460.2

517.7

30 days.

59.50

119.0

178.5

238.0

297.5

357.0

416.5

476.0

535.5

31 days.

61.49

123.0

184.5

246.0

307.4

368.9

430.4

491.9

553.4

NOTE. For partial mouth multiply the values for one day by the number of days.
10 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

I second-foot equals 40 California miner's inches (law of March 23, 1901). 

1 second-foot equals 38.4 Colorado miner's inches. 

1 second-foot equals 40 Arizona miner's inches.

1 second-foot equals 7.48 United States gallons per second; equals 448.8 gallons per 

minute; equals 646,317 gallons for one day.

1 second-foot for one year covers 1 square mile 1.131 feet or 13.572 inches deep. 

1 second-foot for one year equals 31,536,000 cubic feet. 

1 second-foot equals about 1 acre-inch per hour. 

1 second-foot for one day equals 86,400 cubic feet.

1,000,000,000 (1 United States billion) cubic feet equals 11,570 second feet for 1 day, 

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 414 second-feet for one 28 day month. 

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 399 second-feet for one 29 day month. 

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 386 second-feet for one 30 day month. 

1,000,000,000 cubic feet equals 373 second-feet for one 31 day month. 

100 California miner's inches equals 18.7 United States gallons per second. 

100 California miner's inches for one day equals 4.96 acre-feet. 

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 2.60 second-feet. 

100 Colorado miner's inches equals 19.5 United States gallons per second. 

100 Colorado miner's inches for one day equals 5.17 acre-feet. 

100 United States gallons per minuts equals 0.223 second-foot. 

100 United States gallons per minute for one day equals 0.442 acre-foot. 

1,000,000 United States gallons per day equals 1.55 second-feet. 

1,000,000 United States gallons equals 3.07 acre-feet. 

1,000,000 cubic feet equals 22.95 acre-feet. 

1 acre-foot equals 325,850 gallons.

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 2,323,200 cubic feet. 

1 inch deep on 1 square mile equals 0.0737 second-foot per year. 

1 foot equals 0.3048 meter. 

1 mile equals 1.60935 kilometers.. 

1 mile equals 5,280 feet. 

1 acre equals 0.4047 hectare. . 

1 acre equals 43,560 square feet. 

1 acre equals 209 feet square, nearly. 

1 square mile equals 2.59 square kilometers. 

1 cubic foot equals 0.0283 cubic meter. 

1 cubic foot of water weighs 62.5 pounds. 

1 cubic meter per minute equals 0.5886 second-foot. 

1 horsepower equals 550 foot-pounds per second. 

1 horsepower equals 76.0 kilogram-meters per second. 

1 horsepower equals 746 watts. 

1 horsepower equals 1 second-foot falling 8.80 feet. 

1J horsepower equals about 1 kilowatt.

a, T , * * .,, Sec.-ft,Xfallinfeet ., To calculate water power quickly: j-j =net horsepower on water

wheel realizing 80 per cent of theoretical power.

EXPLANATION OF DATA.

For each regular current-meter gaging station the following data, 

so far as available, are given: Description of the station, list of discharge measurements, table of daily gage heights, table of daily 

discharge, table of monthly and yearly discharges and run-off. For 

stations located at weirs or dams the gage-height table is omitted.
U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

SMALL PRICE CURRENT METERS.
U. 8. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 304 PLATE 111

A. FOR BRIDGE MEASUREMENT.

B. FOR WADING MEASUREMENT. 

TYPICAL GAGING STATIONS.
ST. LAWRENCE BIVEB BASIN. 11,

In addition to statements regarding the location and installation 

of current-meter stations, the descriptions give information in regard 

to any conditions which may affect the constancy of the relation of 

gage height to discharge, covering such points as ice, logging, shifting 

channels, and backwater; also information regarding diversions 

which decrease the total flow at the measuring section. Statements 

are also made regarding the accuracy and reliability of the data.

The table of daily gage heights records the daily fluctuations of the 

surface of the river as found from the mean of the gage readings taken 

each day, usually in the morning and in the evening. The gage height 

given in the table represents the elevation of the surface of the water 

above the zero of the gage. All gage heights affected by the presence 

of ice in the streams or by backwater from obstructions are published 

as recorded, with suitable footnotes. The rating table is not applicable for such periods unless the proper corrections to the gage 

heights are known and applied. Attention is called to the fact that 

the zero of the gage is placed at an arbitrary datum and has no relation to zero flow or the bottom of the river. In general the zero is 

located somewhat below the lowest known flow, so that negative readings shall not occur.

The discharge measurements and gage heights are the base data 

from which rating tables, daily discharge tables, and monthly discharge tables are computed.

The rating table gives, either directly or by interpolation, the discharge in second-feet corresponding to every stage of the river 

recorded during the period for which it is applicable. It is not published in this report but can be determined from the tables of daily 

gage heights and daily discharge as follows:

'First plot the discharge measurements for the current and earlier 

years on cross-section paper, with gage heights in feet as ordinates 

and discharge in second-feet as abscissas. Then tabulate a number 

of gage heights taken from the daily gage-height table for the complete 

range of stage given and the corresponding discharges for the days 

selected from the daily discharge table and plot the values on crosssection paper. The last points plotted will define the rating curve 

used and will lie among the plotted discharge measurements. After 

drawing the rating curve, a table can be developed by scaling off the 

discharge in second-feet for each tenth foot of gage height. These 

values should be so adjusted that the first differences shall always be 

increasing or constant, except for known backwater periods.

The table of daily discharges gives the discharges in second-feet 

corresponding to the observed gage heights as determined from the 

rating tables.

In the table of monthly discharge the column headed "Maximum" 

gives the mean flow, as determined from the rating table, for the
12 SUBFACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

day when the mean gage height was highest. As the gage height 

is the mean for the day, it does not indicate correctly the stage when 

the water surface was at crest height and the corresponding discharge was consequently larger than given in the maximum column. 

Likewise -in the column of "Minimum" the quantity given is the 

mean flow for the day when the mean gage height was lowest. The 

column headed "Mean" is the average flow in cubic feet for each 

second during the month. On this the computations for the remaining columns, which are defined on pages 8-9, are based.

The field methods used in the collection of the data presented in 

this series of reports are described in the introductory sections of. 

Water-Supply Papers 261 to 272, inclusive, "Surface water supply 

of the United States, 1909." Plates I and II show the average precipitation and run-off in the United States, as determined from the 

measurements of stream flow made by the Geological Survey and 

records of rainfall collected by the Weather Bureau. Plate III 

shows typical gaging stations. Plate IV shows current meters 1 used 

in the work.

ACCURACY AND RELIABILITY OF FIELD DATA AND 

COMPARATIVE RESULTS.

The accuracy of stream-flow data depends primarily on the natural 

conditions at the gaging station and on the methods and care with 

which the data are "collected. Errors of the first group depend on 

the degree of permanency of channel and of permanency of the relation 

between discharge and stage.

Errors of the second class are due, first, to errors in observation of 

stage; second, to errors in measurements of flow, and, third, to 

errors due to misinterpretation of stage and flow data.

In order to give engineers and others information regarding the 

probable accuracy of the computed results, footnotes are added to 

the daily discharge tables, stating the probable accuracy of the 

rating tables used, and an accuracy column is inserted in the monthly 

discharge table. For the rating tables "well defined" indicates, in 

general, that the rating is probably accurate within 5 per cent; 

"fairly well defined," within 10 per cent; "poorly defined" or 

"approximate" within 15 to 25 per cent. These notes are verygeneral and are based on the plotting of the individual measurements with reference to the mean rating curve.

The accuracy column in the monthly discharge table does not 

apply to the maximum or minimum nor to any individual day, but 

to the monthly mean. It is based on the accuracy of the rating, 

the probable reliability of the observer, and knowledge of local con1 See Hoyt, J. C., and others, Use and care of current meter as practiced by the United States Geological 

Surrey: Trans. Am. Soc. Civil Eng., vol. 66,1910, p. 70.
ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN. 13

ditions. In this column A indicates that the mean monthly flow is 

probably accurate within 5 per cent; B, within 10 per cent; C, 

within 15 per cent; D, within 25 per cent. Special conditions are 

covered by footnotes.

Even though the monthly means for any station may represent 

with a high degree of accuracy the quantity of water flowing past 

the gage, the figures showing discharge per square mile and depth 

of run-off in inches may be subject to gross errors which result from 

including in the measured drainage area large noncontributing districts or omitting estimates of water diverted for irrigation or other 

use, and they should therefore be considered as only approximate, 

particularly for periods ojf irrigation or of low water. For these 

errors it is as a rule not feasible to make adequate correction.

In general, the base data collected each year by the Survey engineers are published, not only to comply with the law, but to afford 

any engineer the means of examining and adjusting to his own needs 

the results of the computations. The table of monthly discharge is 

so arranged as to give only a general idea of the flow at the station 

and should not be used for other than preliminary estimates. The 

determinations of daily discharge allow more detailed studies of the 

variation in flow by which the period of deficiency may be determined.

It should be borne in mind that the observations in each succeeding year may be expected to throw new light on data already collected 

and published, and the engineer who makes use of the figures presented in these papers should verify all ratings and make such adjustments for earlier years as may seem necessary.

COOPERATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

LAKE SUPERIOR DRAINAGE BASIN.

The work in Minnesota during 1911 has been done" with State 

cooperation under the terms of an act of the legislature of 1909, as 

embodied in joint resolution 19, which reads as follows:

Whereas the water supplies, water powers, navigation of our rivers, drainage of our 

lands, and the sanitary condition of our streams and their watersheds generally form 

one great asset and present one great problem: Therefore, be it resolved by the House 

of Representatives, the Senate concurring, That the State Drainage Commission be, 

and is hereby, directed to investigate progress in other States toward the solution of 

said problem in such States, to investigate and determine the nature of said problem 

in. this State.

The work has been carried on in conjunction with the State Drainage Commission, George &. Ralph, chief engineer.

Special acknowledgment is due to the Great Northern Power Co. 

for records on the St. Louis River near Thompson, Mirm., and for 

records of discharge of various storage reservoirs in the St. Louis 

basin.
14 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

LAKE MICHIGAN, LAKE HURON, AND LAKE ERIE DRAINAGE BASINS.

Assistance has been rendered or records furnished by the following, 

to whom special acknowledgment is due: State Geological Survey of 

Michigan; L. W. Anderson, city engineer, Grand Rapids, Mich.; 

Eastern Michigan Edison Co., Ann Arbor, Mich.; D. W. Mead, Madir 

son, Wis.; Gardner S. Williams, Ann Arbor, Mich.; William G. Fargo, 

Jackson, Mich.

LAKE ONTARIO AND ST. LAWRENCE RIVER DRAINAGE BASINS IN NEW

YORK.

Cooperation with the State water supply commission of New York 

was made possible by the provisions of the "Fuller bill," chapter 569, 

laws of 1907, and carried on under agreements between the State 

water supply commission and the United States Geological Survey.

New York State cooperation, under the direction of the State 

engineer and surveyor, has been carried on by cooperative agreements authorized by an act of the State legislature, being paragraph 

11 of chapter 420, laws of 1900.

Assistance has been rendered or records furnished by the following, to whom special acknowledgment is due: United States.Engineer Corps; John A. Bensel, State engineer and surveyor; Alex. 

E. Kastl, special deputy State engineer, representing New York 

State cooperation; State Water Supply Commission of New York, 

Henry H. Persons, president; and State of New York Conservation 

Commission, George E. van Kennen, chairman; E. A. Fisher, city 

engineer and board of park commissioners, Rochester; Plattsburg 

Gas & Electric Co., Plattsburg.

ST. LAWRENCE RIVER DRAINAGE BASIN IN VERMONT.

The work in Vermont during 1911 has been done in cooperation 

with the State of Vermont, John A. Mead, governor.

Assistance has been rendered or records furnished by the following, to whom special acknowledgment is due: Newport Electric 

Light Co.; Prof. C. S. Carleton, of Norwich University; Lane Manufacturing Co.; Colton Manufacturing Co.; Cbrry, Deavitt & Frost 

Electric Co.; Sweat-Comings Manufacturing Co.

DIVISION OF WORK.

The field data in the Lake Superior drainage .basin were collected 

under the direction of Robert Follansbee and W. G. Hoyt, district 

engineers, by C. R. Adams and S. B. Soule".

The field data in the Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, and Lake Erie 

drainage basins were collected under the direction of A. H. Horton, 

district engineer, by cooperating parties.
ST. LAWEENCE EIVEE BASIN. 15

The field data in the St. Lawrence drainage basin in New York 

and Vermont were collected under the direction of C. C. Covert by 

W. G. Hoyt, G. H. Canfield, F. J. Shuttleworth, C. S. de Golyer, 

and Frank Weber.

The ratings, special estimates, and studies of the completed data 

were made by A. H. Horton, R. Follansbee, W. G. Hoyt, C. C. Covert, 

R. H. Bolster, and J. G. Mathers. The computations and preparation of the data for publication were made under the direction of 

R. H. Bolster by W. G. Hoyt, J. G. Mathers, H. J. Dean, A. H. 

Tuttle, M. I. Walters, Alexander McMillan, Octave de Carre, G. H. 

Canfield, C. S. de Golyer, and Frank Weber.

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE SUPERIOR.

BUTTLE RIVER AT MOUTH, MINNESOTA.

Location. About 300 feet above the steel highway bridge and about 1,700 feet above

the mouth of the river.

Records available. May 5 to October 28, 1911. 

Drainage area. 282 square miles. 

Gage. Staff, installed August 2 and read semiweekly by a forest ranger; daily

readings impracticable.

Channel. The channel above the gage is permanent. 

Discharge measurements. At low stages measurements are made by wading

medium and high stage measurements are made from a highway bridge. 

Accuracy. Eelation between gage height and discharge is affected by wash from

the lake which extends to the control point.

Discharge measurements of Brule River at mouth, Minnesota, in 1911.

Date. Hydrographer. height.

Discharge.

May 5« 

June 21 & 

Aug. 26 

Oct. 26

Follansbee and Hawley. 

Hawley and Rosing_.. 

Smith and Godin.......

S. B. 8oul6.............

Feet. 

1.47

.57 

.35

Sec.-ft. 

527

82.2 

105

62.1

o Made at bridge. & Made by wading.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Brule River at mouth, Minnesota, for 1911.

[Hans Kasper, observer.]

May 5 ...................................................... 1.47

June 21........................................................ .48

Aug. 2....................................................... .57

10....................................................... .58

15....................................................... .75

Sept. 19............................................:......... 1.32

23...................................................... 1.45

27...................................................... 1. 60

Oct. 2...................................................... .35

7 ...................................................... .35

8 .............................................-......... .35

16....................................................... .38

20....................................................... .38

28...................................................... .38
16 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 19U, PAET IV.

DEVIL TRACK RIVER AT MOTITH, MINNESOTA.

Location. At a highway bridge about 200 feet above the mouth of the river.

Records available. May 5 to October 2, 1911.

Drainage area. 75 square miles.

Gage. Staff, installed August 3 and read semi weekly by a forest ranger; daily

readings impracticable.

Channel. The channel of the river above the gage is permanent. 

Discharge measurements. Low-stage measurements are made by wading; at

high and medium stages measurements are made from the highway bridge. 

Accuracy. Relation between gage height and discharge affected by wash from the

lake which extends to the control point.

Discharge measurements of Devil Track River at mouth, Minnesota, in 1911.

Date.

July 3»

Aug. 3

Oct. 2

Hydrographer.

C.L. Smith...............................................................

S.B.Soule... ............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

0.69 -.35

.40

.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

96.3

10.9

43.2

98.7

i Dam closed. 

NOTE. Measurements made by wading.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Devil Track River at mouth, Minnesota, for 1911.

[Hans Kasper, observer.]

May 5...................................................... 0.69

July 3............................................ ........... -.35

Aug. 3....................................................... .40

10........................................................ .40

14....................................................... .85

Sept. 19....................................................... 1.10

27........................................................ 1.08

Oct. 2...............i...................................... .90

CASCADE RIVER AT MOTTTH, MINNESOTA.

Location. About 50 feet below the two-span wooden highway bridge, 150 feet above

the mouth of the river.

Records available. May 5 to October 5, 1911. 

Drainage area. 84 square miles. 

Gage. Staff fastened to a wharf on the right side of the river 50 feet below the

highway bridge. ' 

Channel. Fairly permanent. 

Discharge measurements. At low stages made by wading about 50 feet below

the gage; at high and medium stages from the highway bridge. 

Accuracy. Relation between gage height and discharge affected by backwater

from a bar at the mouth of the river.

Discharge measurements of Qaseade River at mouth, Minnesota, in 1911.

Data.

May 6»

June 28&

Oct. 5*

Hydrographer.

Follansbea and Hawley.. .................................................

W. W.Hawley......................... ..................................

8. B. Soul*................................. ..............................

sa

feet. 

13.40

13.40

14.10

14.35

Mscharge.

See.-ft.

329

61.6

45.6

109

Measurement made from highway bridge. & Measurement made by wading below bridge.
ST. LAWBENCE EIVEB BASIN. 17

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cascade River at mouth, Minnesota, for 1911. 

[J. D. Foley, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

S...............

6...............

7..... ..........

8...............

9...............

10...............

May.

13.4

13.5

13.55

13.7

13.65

June.

13.5

13.5

13.6

Day.

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19..V. ..........

20...............

May.

13.8

13.83

13.7

13.7

13.65

13.75

13.8

13.75

13.75

13.7

June. Day.

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

May.

13.75

13.8

13.7

13.65

13.6

13.5

13.55

13.5

13.5

13.55

13.5

June.

POPLAB RIVER AT MOUTH, MINNESOTA.

.Location. About 200 feet above the mouth of the river.

Records available. May 6 to November 4, 1911.

Drainage area. 144 square miles.

Gage. A staff, reading from 12 to 15 feet, fastened to a stump on the right bank.

Channel. Divided into three parts by two islands; bed rocky, containing coarse 

sand and small bowlders.

Discharge measurements. At low stages made by wading just above the mouth 

of the river; high-stage measurements will be made from a cable (not yet installed).

Artificial control. The flow of the river is controlled to some extent by two dams, 

the nearest being the dam of the National Power & Paper Co., 2| miles above the 

station.

Accuracy. Relation between gage height and discharge at times affected by backwater from a deposit of gravel which is washed up into the mouth of the river 

during storms on Lake Superior.

Discharge measurements of Poplar River at mouth, Minnesota, in 1911.

Date.

May 6

My 3

Aug. 4

Oct. 5

Hydrographer.

Smith and Godin. ........................................................

S.B.Soule.. .............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

12.75

12.37

12.53

12.94

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

142

«61.5

«65.4

82.6

o Logging dam closed. 

NOTE. Measurements made by wading at various sections.

Daily gage height, infect, of Poplar River at mouth, Minnesota, for 1911. 

[C. A. A. Nelson, observer.]

Day.

1....

2....

3....

4.... 

5.-.-

6.... 

7.--. 

8.... 

9.... 

10....

11.... 

12.... 

13.... 

14.... 

15....

May.

......

12.75 

12.70 

12.70 

12.70 

12.75

12.88 

12.95 

12.90 

12.85 

12.85

June.

12.70

12.68

12.65

12.60 

12.60

12.58 

12.55 

12.55 

12.50 

13.05

13.18 

13.08 

12.70 

12.90 

12.55

July.

12.00

12 60

12.35

12.20 

12.20

11.95 

11.70 

11.88 

11.98 

12.05

12.10 

12.02 

11.05 

11.05 

12.00

Aug.

12.60 10 AH

12.55

12.50 

12.50

12.50 

12.52 

12.60 

12.68 

12.60

12.55 

12.50 

12.50 

12.48 

12.50

Sept.

12.80

12.70

12.70 

12.72

13.05 

13.25 

13.08 

12.92 

12.90

12.85 

12.82 

12.80 

12.75 

12.92

Oct.

13.38

13.38

13.28

13.15 

13.02

12.92 

12.82 

12.92 

12.95 

12.90

12.88 

12.85 

12.80 

12.75 

12.70

NOV.

12.90

13.40

13.50

13.60

Day.

16....

18....

19.... 

20....

21....

22.... 

23.... 

24.... 

25....

26....

27.... 

28.... 

29.... 

30.... 

31....

May.

13.00

IQ 19

13.12

13.05

12.98 

12.92 

12.92 

12.90 

12.88

12.82 

12.75 

12.75 

12.68 

12.62 

12.70

June.

12.15

12.08

12.65

13.15 

12.05

12.90 

12.22 

12.60 

12.20 

12.00

12.00 

12.00 

12.02 

12.50 

12.55

July.

12.05

12.05

12.10

12.15 

12.18

12.20 

12.30 

12.95 

12.70 

12.60

12.60 

12.62 

12.48 

12.40 

12.40 

12.52

Aug.

12.52

12 48

12.42

12.38 

12.32

12.35

12.40 

12.45 

12.40 

12.55

12.75 

12.90 

12.92 

13.00 

12.92 

12.88

Sept.

13.00

13.10

13.05

13.00 IQ nn

12.95 

12.90 

12.98 

13.08 

13.18

13.12

13.08 

13.06 

13.15 

13.30

Oct.

12.82

19 Q9

12.98

12.98

19 Oft

12.82 

12.78 

12.80 

12.80 

12.80,

12.80 

12.78 

12.75 

12.70 

12.70 

12.70

Nov.

-

:::".::

....;.

47883° WSP 304 1
18 SUBPACE WATEB SUPPLY, 19U, PABT IV.

BEAVER BAY RIVER AT BEAVER BAY, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge 600 feet above the mouth of the river.

Records available. July 26 to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 120 square miles.

Gage. Staff, reading from 0 to 5 feet, attached to the vertical rock wall on the left

bank directly beneath the bridge; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Permanent; one at all stages; bed composed of solid rock; banks high

and rocky.

Discharge measurements. Made from a boat or by wading. 

Winter now. Relation between gage height and discharge little if any affected by

ice, as the stream rarely freezes at the rapids. 

Accuracy. The only temporary change in conditions would be caused by logs or

drift lodging on the rapids below the gage. Records are believed to be good.

Discharge measurements of Beaver Bay River at Beaver Bay, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

May 80

Aug. 6

Oct. 7

, 86

Hydrographer.

S. B. SoulS.. .............................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

£EL

Feet.

1.78

2.00

2.42

1.18

1.17

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

81.7

62.4

87.4

176

29.4

27.2

a Measurement made from boat. & River partly frozen over.,

Daily gage height, in feet, of Beaver Bay River at Beaver Bay, Minn., for 1911. 

[Louis Lorntson, observer.]

Day.

1..........

2.......... 

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7. ......... 

8..........

6..........

10..........

11.......... 

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

July.

......

......

......

::::::

Aug.

3.2 

3.1

2.7

2.3 

2.06

1.85

3.1 

3.4

3.2

3.1

2.95 

2.65 

2.15

1.9

1.8

Sept.

1.6 

1.2 

1.1

1.6 

4.65

4.6

4.2 

3.7

3.2

2 O^

2.95 

2.75 

2.45

2.3

2.5

Oct.

2.4

2.25 

2.3

2.85

9 7

2.55

2.35

2.2

2.1

1 QH

1.9 

1.85 

1.8

1.8

1.75

Nov.

1.55 

1.45 

1.35

1.2 

1.2

1 <i^

1.65

1.65

2.0

2.4

2.25 

1.95 

2.25

2.25

2.3

Dec.

......

1.25

"L2~

1.7

1.65

Day.

16.......... 

17.......... 

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22.......... 

23..........

24..........

25..........

26.......... 

27.......... 

28..........

29..........

30.......... 

31..........

July.

......

1.75 

1.4

1.58

2.05

1.85 

1.8

Aug.

1.65 

1.5 

1.45

1.35 

1.25

1.35

1.5 

1.4

1.25

1.2

1.1 

1.1 

1.05

1.0

1.05 

1.4

Sept.

2.3

2.1 

1.95

2.0 

2.0

2.0

2.05 

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8 

1.9 

2,1

2.65

2.6

Oct.

2.05 

2.8 

2.7

2.4 

2.2

2.0

2.0 

2.0

1.9

1.85

1.75 

1.75 

1.75

1.6

1.55 

1.6

Nov.

2.4

"\\i"

"i.y~

Ti"

1.3

Dec.

"L'is

1.35

1.25 

"~i.~2

......

NdiE. Ice started to form in the river Oct. 27 and was present the rest of the year. 

ST. LOUIS RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES. 

ST. LOUIS EIVEE NEAR THOMSON, MINN.

Location. Just below the tailrace of the Great Northern power house, 3 miles east

of Thomson, in sec. 11, T. 48 N., R. 16 W. 

Records available. October 5, 1909, to December 31, 1911. 

Drainage area. 3,420 square miles. 

Gage. Chain; datum unchanged; read 4 times each day at 8 and 11 a. m., 2 and

5 p. m.; average of the 4 readings taken as the mean for the day. 

Channel. Permanent.
ST. LAWKBNCE BIVBE BASIN. 19

Discharge measurements. Made from a car and cable 1,500 feet below the staff

Artificial control. The flow at the station is to a certain extent regulated by reservoirs above. The dam at Thomson is designed to hold 24 hours' supply of water for 

the power plant, and logging dams control the discharge from a large part of the 

entire area above the station. The gage heights show considerable fluctuations 

caused by opening and shutting the turbine gates at the power plant. As the 

plant is operated on a 24-hour schedule, though with varying load, the fluctuations 

at the gage are not so great as they would be if the turbines were closed part of the 

time.

Winter flow. Previous to November, 1910, gage heights at this station were not 

affected by ice, but the stage at that time was extremely low and the water froze, 

making gage heights useless as indications of discharge. During the winter of 

1910-11 the daily discharge was determined from the power company's record of 

water passing the turbines; no flow over the spillway during the period.

Accuracy. The station affords excellent conditions for determinations of discharge, 

and the records'should be good; errors are possible in the record of the mean gage 

height for the day.

Cooperation. Gage heights are furnished through the courtesy of the Great Northern 

Power Co.

Discharge measurements of St. Louis River near Thomson, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

Apr. 15

Aug. 31

Hydrographer. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.40

1.82

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6,590

1,760

Daily gage height, in feet, of St. Louis River near Thomson, Minn., for 1911. 

[Floyd Williams, observer.]

Bay.

1..................... ...............

2....................................

S... ........... ......................

4..... ..............................

5....................................

6.................................... 7.............................:......

8....................................

9....................................

10...--.. ...........................

11....................................

12.................................... is................:...................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

">ft

27.............;......................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Mar.

JO. 26

.34

.43

.53

.44

.75

.82

.79

.90

.88

.91

.98

1.02

1.05

1.32

1.52

1.89

2.16

2.35

2.48

Apr.

2.41

2.20

2.08

1.72

1.57

1.34

1.52

1.49

1.66

2.14

3.62

4.45

4.36

4.03

4.04

3.96

4.12

3.97

4.01

4.28

4.28

4.32

4.12

3.81

3.61

3.12

May.

2.69

3.13

2.62

2.46

2.26

3.03

2.02

1.91

2 22

2.62

2.02

1.92

1.90

3.25

4.86

5.78

5.29

5.55

4.88

4.78

4.27

4.26

3.80

4.24

2.82

2.48

1.70

2.35

June.

2.59

3.71

3.15

2.70

3.24

3.14

2.62

2.26

2.35

2.26

2.39

2.50

3.08

3.48

3.92

3.20

2.88

2.24

1.91

1.91

1.52

1.18

9 1A.

1.84

2.02

2.25

2.33

July.

2.04

1.39

1.06

1.06

1.37

2.50

2.28

1.28

.73

.57

.48

.47

.44

.37

.21

.07

.03

.19

.57

.99

1.25

1.24

1.64

1.89

1.52

1.87

Aug.

3.51

3.39

3.38

3.23

3.10

3.09

3.02

3.15

3.85

3.87

3.86

4.39

4.38

3.82

3.46

3.42

2.80

2.48

2.42

2.12

2.46

2.48

2.49

2.40

1.98

1.83

1.90

Sept.

2.18

2.58

1.87

3.26

3.80

5.26

5.26

4.71

4.63

4.73

4.16

4.16

4.15

4.14

4.02

3.59

2.82

2.48

2.41

2.52

2.07

1.89

1.78

2.01

2.22

2.35

Oct.

2.24

2.25

2.24

2.10

2.23

1.88

1.85

1.79

1.97

1.66

1.84

1.82

2.06

2.36

1.76

1.74,

2.00

2.17

2.19

1.59

1.37

1.77

1.78

1.72

3.64

1.54

1.55

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 1 to Mar. 9 and Nov. 1 to Dec. 31.
20 STTBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

'Daily discharge, in second-feet, of St. Louis River near Thomson, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1.... ...........

2...............

3... ............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7.. .............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12............... 11

14... .... .:.......

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

259

278

261

240

213

218

192

205

247

236

231

235

230

223

234

285

291

309

290

291

304

284

296

287

322

318

303

317

308

Feb.

316

301

302

278

274

285

275

285

282

283

285

307

316

308

302

301

306

304

316

318

342

332

362

379

367

338

362

337

Mar.

340

344

322

318

351

349

320

320

370

410

452

477

 aw

509

718

772

748

840

823

849

912

948

975

1,230

1,340

1,440

1,840

2,170

2,410

2,580

Apr.

2,490

2,350

2,070

1,650

1,490

i o*;n

1,420

1 400

2,140

4,420

6,680

5,900

5,420

5,450

5,250

5,360

6,140

6 140

5,670

4,840

3,530

3,200

May.

2,870

3,540

2 770

2,560

2,300

3,380

2 fiQfl

2,000

1,870

2 9J.fl

2,770

2,000

1,880

1,870

1,860

3,740

8,040

11,200

9 530

10,400

9,250

8,110

7,770

6,120

6,080

4,820

6,020

3,060

2

CQA

1,630

2,410

June.

2,730

4,610

3,580

3,130

2,880

3,730

2,770

2,300

2,410

2,300

2,460

2,610

3,460

4,150

5,120

3,660

3,150

2,270

1,870

1,870

1,440

1,100

1,780

2,400

1,790

2,000

2 98ft

2,380

July.

"2,020

1,660

1,300

1,140

984

984'

1,280

2,610

2,320

1,760

1,190

702

590

533

527

518

509

385

316

298

285

375

590

921

1,160

1,150

1,560

1,840

1,440

1,820

Aug.

4,200

3,990

3,970

3,710

3,500

3,480

3,370

3,580

4,940

4,990

4,960

6,480

6,460

6,450

4,860

4,110

4,040

3,030

2,580

2,540

2,500

2,120

2,560

2,580

2,600

2,560

2,520

2,480

1,950

1,770

1,860

Sept.

2,200

2,720

2,420

2,120

1,820

3,760

4,820

9,420

9,420

8,400

7,530

7,260

7,600

6,700

5,790

5,790

5,760

5,730

5,390

4,360

3,060

2,580

2,490

2,640

2,060

1,840

1,720

1,990

2,240

2,410

Oct.

2,350

 2,300

2,270

2,280

2,270

2,100

2,180

2,260

1,830

1,800

1,730

1,940

1,590

1,790

1,760

2,050

2,420

1,700

1,670

1,980

2,180

2,200

2,210

1,510

1,280

1,710

1,720

1,650

1,560

1,460

1,470

Nov.

1,160

902

842

783

772

1,060

1,020

1,020

1,090

1,070

1,100

791

542

685

715

883

893

785

796

709

754

711

692

633

706

946

768

763

777

800

Dec.

S83

578

541

521

587

560

580

584

593

635

565

601

496

572

562

586

543

536

601

559

557

674

708

810

597

518

488

444

515

447

459

NOTE. Daily discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 8 and Nov. 1 to Dec. 31 determined from records of flow through 

the turbines. Daily discharge Mar. 10 to Oct. 30 determined from a discharge rating curve, well defined 

between 600 and 7,000 second-feet. Discharge interpolated for days for which no gage heights are available,

Monthly discharge 'of St. Louis River near Thomson, Minn., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 3,420 square miles.]

Month.

ApriL. ..................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

September ..............................

October. ................................

December ...............................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

322 

379 

2,580 

6,680 

11,200 

5,120 

2,610 

6,480 

9,420 

2,420 

1,160 

810

11,200

Minimum.

192-

274 

318 

1,250 

1,630 

1,100 

285 

1,770 

1,720 

1,460 

542 

444

192

Mean.

265 

313 

806 

3,920 

4,430 

2,770 

1,070 

3,570 

4,400 

1,910 

839 

568

2,080

Per 

square 

mile.

0.077 

:092 

.250 

1.15 

1.30 

.810 

.313 

1.04 

1.29 

.558 

.245 

.166

.608

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.09 

.10 

.29

1.28 

1.50 

.90 

.36 

1.20 

1.44 

.64 

.27 

.19

8.26

Accuracy.

A.

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

WHITEFACE EIVER AT MEADOWLANDS, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge at Meadowlands, in sec. 14, T. 53 N., R. 19 W., 

half a mile below the nearest tributary, a very small stream entering from the 

east.

Records available. June 7,. 1909, to December 31, 1911.
ST. LAWBENCE ElVER BASIJT. 21

Drainage area. 442 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged.

Channel. Shifting during high water.

Discharge measurements. Made from the highway bridge except during low 

stages, when measurements are made by wading.

Artificial control. The flow is controlled to a large extent by logging dams above. 

The operation of the gates of these dams causes fluctuations in gage height amounting to several feet at the gaging station.

Accuracy. On account of the shifting character of the channel the discharge has 

been computed from a number of rating curves, some of which have been applied 

indirectly. The records can not be considered better than fair. The records 

of extreme stage are of little value.

Discharge measurements of Whiteface River at Meadowlands, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

Apr. 26

May 19

July 27

28

Sept. 29

Hydrographer.

S. B.SoulS.. .............................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

1

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.94

9.59

5.42

5.63

4.24

5.22

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

325

1,820

304

519

156

373

Daily gage height, in feet, of Whiteface River at Meadowlands, Minn., for 1911. 

[A. F. Johnson, observer.]

Day.

1. ...................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19. ...................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

9Q

30

Q1

Apr.

6; 35

7.35

7.80

7 4.5

8.10

8.35

7.95

7.85

6.40

7.05

7.20

7 SO1

7.30

6.90

5.95

5.85

6.05

7.00

7.60

May.

7.40

5.90

5.00

4.95

6.30

4.20

4.10

5.80

7.70

5.65

3.90

4.70

4.70

5.20

S

on

9.10

10.63

10.67

9.93

10.77

10.13

9.27

8.60

7.07

6.78

6.48

6.25

5.65

5.45

5.15

4.90

June.

4.85

6.25

7.50

6.65

5.45

6.65

7.65

7.25

6.15

6.50

6.80

7.35

7.85

6.45

5.20

7.05

7.88

7.55

5.85

5.75

6.00

5.85

6.55

5.80

4.65

4.70

6.40

5.00

6.05

5.25

July.

5.20

4.70

6.05

5.25

4.70

4.80

4.70

4.15

3.85

3.80

3.45

3.40

3.40

3.40

3.40

3.40

3.40

3.32

3.35

3.40

3.40

3.40

3.40

3.40

3.75

4.85

5.60

4.50

4.80

5.45

6.10

Aug.

7.45

5.65

4.95

6.45

5.85

6.85

8.20

8.65

7.15

5.60

6.55

7.35

7.40

6.55

5.50

5.15

6.50

7.40

6.50

5.55

5.10

5.45

5.18

6.08

5.45

4.95

4.80

4.70

5.50

6.95

7.15

Sept.

6.05

5.20

4.95

5.10

7.55

8.75

8.80

8.40

8.70

7.70

7.05

6.95

6.40

5.90

6.20

6.10

5.80

6.10

6.30

6.05

5.80

5.95

6.05

5.60

5.25

5.00

'4.90

4.70

5.10

5.25

Oct.

5.15

5.12

5.00

5.00

5.00

4.90

4.90

4.90

4.82

4.80

4. 86

5.20

5.35

5.30

5.30

6.40

5.18

4.90

4.85

4.80

4.80

4.70

4.70

4.70

4.80

4.80

4.70

4.70

4.60

4.60

4.50

Nov.

4.50

4.50

4.40

4.35

4.25

4.20

4.20

4.20

4.20

4.20

4.10

4.10

/

NOTE. Ice present January to Apr. 11 and from early in November to Dec. 31.
22 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PART, IV. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Whiteface River at Meadowlands, Minn., for 1911.

Day.

1.. ..................................

2..................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10. ...................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16.....:..............................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20. ...................................

21....................................

22....................................

23..........................:.........

24. ...................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28

29....................................

30. ...................................

31....................................

Apr.

455

821

1,010

862

1,140

1,240

1,080

1,030

475

725

760

1,010

805

645

325

305

366

680

920

May.

. 880

320

140

125

440

80

75

295

970

255

70

100

100

170

295.

1,600

2,310

2,336

1,980

2,370

2,070

1,690

1,-390

795

695

590

530

360

310

250

200

June.

195

515

945

650

310

650

1,000

890

530

640

735

930

1,130

620

295

875

1,200

1,060

485

AAK

515

475-

680

460

205

245

690

310

590

360

July.

345

240

590

355

240

285

265

160

115

110

65

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

65

65

70

70

70

70

120

320

515

215

275

428

625

Aug.

1,120

485

305

748

545

888

1,420

1,600

1,000

470

782

1,080

1,100

782

440

352

765

1,100

765

455

340

428

360

618

428

305 971;

255

440

922

1,000

Sept.

608

365

305

340

1,160

1,640

1,660

1,500

1,620

1,220

960

730

560

660

625

530

625

695

fino

530

575

608

470

378

313

OQK

255

340

378

Oct.

352

345

315

315

315

295

295

295

279

275

275

365

402

390

390

730

360

295

285

275

275

255

255

255

275

275

255

255

235

235

215

Nov.

215

215

200

192

178

. 170

170

170

170

170

155

155

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a Mrly well-deflned discharge rating curve; curve applied 

indirectly prior to Aug. 1, as channel was obstructed.

Monthly discharge of Whiteface River at Meadowlands, Minn., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 442 square miles.]

Month.

April 12-30. .............................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,240 

2,370 

1,200 

625 

1,600 

1,660 

730 

215

Minim rmi305 

70 

195 

60 

255 

255 

215 

155

Mean.

771 

767 

621 

197 

696 

716 

311 

180

Per 

square 

mile.

1.74 

1.74 

1.40 

.446 

1.57 

1.62 

.704 

.407

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.23 

2.01 

1.56 

.51

1.81 

1.81 

.81 

.18

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

CLOQUET RIVER AT INDEPENDENCE, MINN.

Location. At the highway bridge at Independence post office, in sec. 26, T. 52 N., 

R. 17 W., just below a small tributary entering from the north.

Records available. June 28, 1909, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 698 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff; datum unchanged since establishment.

Channel. Permanent; relation of gage height to discharge affected by log jams.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge.

Artificial control. Cloquet River is used extensively for log driving, and the run-off 

from by far the greater part of the drainage area above Independence is controlled
ST. LAWBjJNCE EIVEB BASIN.

by logging dams. This control causes violent fluctuations in the gage height 

during the day, amounting at times to several feet, and consequently the mean 

daily gage height for the days when the dam is in use which is the mean of three 

readings taken morning, noon, and night can be considered only approximate. 

During the open season of 1911 a wing dam of logs, placed at the rapids just below 

the bridge for the purpose of aiding the log drive, caused backwater at the gage. 

The amount of this backwater was lessened at low stages, as the wing dam rested 

on the rocks between which a large part of the water flowed. This wing dam 

was practically permanent, and as the effect at different stages was determined 

by discharge measurements the accuracy of estimates is not materially affected.

Winter flow. Prior to the later part of 1911 observations have been discontinued 

during the winter on account of ice; monthly mean flow computed from the 

records of flow at the Island Lake logging dam on the Cloquet and the discharge 

of Wild Rice Lake on Beaver River.

Cooperation. Records at Island Lake dam and Wild Rice Lake furnished by the 

Great Northern Power Co.

Discharge measurements of Cloquet River at Independence, Minn., in 1911.

Date.

May 21

July 28o

Sept. 30

\ 

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

&L

Feet. 

8.28

7.36

4.30

6.28

4.74

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

o 240

1^510

98

734

43

o Measurement made by wading. 6 Measurement made under complete ice cover.

Daily gage height, in feet, 'of Cloquet River at Independence, Minn., for 1911. 

[Fred Haakensen and Herbert Haakensen, observers.]

Day.

1....... ....................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5. ...... ........:...........

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

23...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Apr.

5.66

5.20

6.06

7.05

7.51

7.29

7.14

7.11

5.59

4.85

4.66

May.

6.67

5.53

4.80

4.52

4.38

4.30

4.26

4.28

5.62

6.09

4.87

4.58

4.54

4.55

6.83

6.39

7.22

6.68

6.84

8.75

8.09

8.53

7.53

7.82

7.74

8.62

7.78

5.64

4.94

5.82

5.16

June.

9.58

6.93

5.28

5.12

7.06

7.39

5.33

4.77

4.56

4.52

4.94

4.75

6.68

5.97

8.53

7.56

7.24

7.66

5.32

4.68

4.43

4.26

4.15

5.53

7.49

5.55

4.79

4.69

4.50

4.35

July.

4.28

4.20

4.12

4.12

4.11

6.06

8.19

7.70

6.62

4.85

4.39

4.23

4.10

4.08

4.02

4.01

3.98

3.94

3.92

3.90

3.90

3.90

4.15

4.33

4.39

4.33

4.19

4.29

4.29

A. 28

8.71

Aag.

8.08

7.17

6.44

6.13

5.98

5.95

6.02

6.02

5.65

4.94

4.80

4.74

4.68

4.67

5.29

5.55

4.85

4.63

4.52

4.47

4.63

4.77

4,80

4.83

4.72

4.61

5.68

5.78

4.93

4.63

5.68

Sept.

7.10

5.28

4.95

4.60

5.98

5.53

7.03

7.27

6.40

6.93

8.07

7.88

7.36

7.61

7.27

7.75

8.21

8.04

8.09

6.26

4.98

4.76

4.61

4.58

4.56

4.56

5.55

6.55

6.29

6.31

Oct.

6.04

6.34

6.01

6.62

6.21

6 44

6.03

6.12

5.93

6.62

5.85

5.78

6.35

5.54

5.68

6.54

6.26

5.81

6.44

6.54

6.58

6.24

4.90

5.37

5.14

4.80

4.88

5.59

6.26

6.15

6.31

Nov.

5.02

4.90

4.76

5.20

5.77

5.95

5.88

5.72

5.72

5.81

5.85

5.14

4.50

4.65

4.50

4 50

4.00

4.00

Dec.

4.00

A no

4 74

i on

3.00

3.95

3.20

3.78

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 1 to Apr. 19 and from Nov. 13 to Dec. 31. On June 5 a log wing dam was 

constructed just below the gaging station, which changed the control for the remainder of the year.
24 ' SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Cloquet River at Independence, Minn.,for 1911.

Day.

1........... ................. .......

2. ...................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8........... '.........................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

23....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

£00

440

968

2,040

2.680

2 38ft

2,170

2,120

294

May.

1,560

612

277

191

156

138

130

134

662

992

302

196

199

1,760

1,260

2,280

1,680

1,770

4,630

3,570

2,710

3,150

3 030

4,420

3,090

674

327

789

421

June.

6,010

1,890

480

402

1,260

1,520

327

173

131

124

214

169

986

576

2,430

1.660

1.400

1,740

324

154

109

85

73

396

1,600

404

178

156

120

97

July.

88

78

70

70

69

617

2,160

1,770

944

192

103

82

68

66

62

61

59

56

55

54

54

54

73

94

103

94

77

89

89

88

2,580

Aug.

2,070

1,350

826

650

581

568

599

599

442

214

180

167

154

152

314

404

192

144

124

115

144

173

180

187

162

140

453

494

212

144

453

Sept.

1,300

311

217

138

581

396

1,240

1,430

800

1,170

2,070

1,910

1,500

1,700

1.430

1,810

2,180

2,040

2,080

718

225

171

140

134

131

131

404

898

734

746

-

Oct.

608

764

594

944

690l

826

604

645

558

944

524

494

770

400

453

891

718

506

826

891

917

707

204

340

269

180

199

418

718

660

746

Nov.

235

204

171

286

490

568

536

469

469

506

524

269

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from two well-defined rating tables, one of which was applied prior 

to June 5 and the second one beginning that date.

Monthly discharge of Cloquet River at Independence, Minn., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 698 square miles.]

Month.

March.... .

May...................................

July...................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,680 

4,630 

6,010 

2,580 

2,07fi 

2,180 

944

Minimum.

232 

130 

73 

54 

115 

131 

180

Mean.

o90 

a 100 

o!30 

6800 

1,470 

840 

326 

406 

958 

613 

c250 

c50

504

Per

square 

mile.

0.129 

.143 

.186 

1.15 

2.11 

1.20 

.467 

.582 

1.37 

.878 

.358 

.072

.722

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.15 

.15 

.21 

1.28 

2.43 

1.34 

.54 

.67 

1.53 

1.01 

.40 

.08

9.79

Accuracy.

C.

c, 

c,

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

D. 

D.

a Estimated from records of flow from Island Lake dam and from Wild Rice reservoir, as maintained 

by the Great Northern Power Co. A small allowance has been made for flow of intervening streams.

& Mean discharge Apr. 1-19 estimated at 492 second-feet, from climatologic records and by comparison 

with records of flow of St. I.ouis River. ,

c Estimated from climatologic records, one measurement in December and by comparison with records 

of flow of St. Louis River.
ST. LAWBENCE EIVEE BASIN. 25

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE MICHIGAN.

ESC AN ABA RIVER NEAR ESC AN ABA, MICH.

Location. At highway bridge between Escanaba and Gladstone, Mich., about 9 

miles north of Escanaba and 4 miles above mouth of river.

Records available. August 25,1903, to March. 31; 1909; June 1,1909, to December 

31,. 1911. Discharge measurements only April, May, and July, 1903.

Drainage area. 800 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain attached to bridge; new gage installed November 15, 1910.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Winter flow. Affected by ice which exists some years for nearly 4 months.

Accuracy. Relation between gage height and discharge, during the logging season, 

affected by backwater from log jams. All gage readings for 1911 are correct, 

provided the new chain (installed Nov. 15, 1910) has not stretched, and provided, also, that the structure to which the gage is attached has not changed since 

July 16, 1908.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Escanaba River near Escanaba, Mich., for 1911. 

[Olive Beauchamp, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7........ .......

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16................

17...............

ia

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26. ..............

27...............

28...............

29

sn

11

Jan.

2.7

3.0

2 9

2 9

Feb.

2.9

2.9

2.9

3.3

Mar.

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.4

4.3

Apr.

3.6

3.2

3.5

4.8

4.2

4.5

6.8

4.5

4.8

5.2

6.6

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.4

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.2

4.4

May.

4.4

3.5

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.2

3.1

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.5

3.0

3.1

3.4

3

0

4.3

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.3

4.1

4.0

3.9

3-7

3.5

3.4

3.3

S 7

June.

3.3

3.3

2.9

2.9

2 9

3.1

2 9

2.S

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.8

3.1

3-4

3.3

3.4

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.3

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.2

2.1

July.

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.5

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.3

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.1.

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.2

3.0

3.2

3-2

3.2

3.3

3.5

3.6

3.4

3.5

Aug.

4.9

5.7

6.0

5.7

5.7

4.0

4.1

3.9

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.1

3.0

2 9

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

Sept.

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.6

2 9

3.1

3.0

2 9

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.8

Oct.

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.9

3.0

3.6

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.0

. 3.4

3.4

3.3

3.2 3-.l

3.1

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.3

3-3 3.3'

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.1

2.9

2.9

2.8

2

Q

Nov.

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

3.0

0 A

3.0

3.1

3.4

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.4

3.4

3.6

3.2

3.0

3.1

2.9

2.9

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

3.0

3.0

5.0

Dec.

5.0

5.2

4.7

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.3

4.4

4.5

4.8

4.8

4.9

4.9

4.6

3.9

3.7

3.5

3.4

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.2

3.0

3.0

3.2

5.0

5.0

6.0

5.9

5.9

5.9

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to Apr. 10, and probably Nov. 30 to 

Dec. 31; gage heights during these periods read to water "surface. No information regarding ice jams.
26 SUEPACE WATEK SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Escandba River near Escanaba, Mick., for 1911.

Day.

1....................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10. ...................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19. ...................................

)....................................

21....................................

22.................. ...... ........

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

1,300

1 680

3,790

2,690

3,210

8,870

3,210

3,030

3,790

4,660

8,290

3,210

3,030

2,860

3,030

2,690

2,530

2,380

2,690

3,030

M&y.

3,030

1,810

1,680

1,550

1,420

1,300

1,300

1,180

970

880

790

710

630

630

1,070

1,180

1,550

2,090

2,860

3,030

2,860

2,690

2,860

2,530

2,380

2,230

1,950

1,680

1,550

1,420'

1,950

June.

*,420

1,420

970

970

970

1,180

970

880

710

710

710

710

880

1,180

1,550

1,420

1,550

710

550

550

480

480

630

480

410

480

480

410

410

350

July.

300

300

350

350

350

630

710

630

630

480

550

480

410

350

350

350

350

410

350

350

350

410

1,070

1,300

1,300

1,300

1,420

1,680

1,810

1,550

1,680

Aug.

4,000

5,860

6,640

5,860

5,860

2,380

2,530

2,230

2,380

2,230

2,090

2,090

1,810

1,550

1,300

1,180

1,070

970

790

790

880

970

880

880

790

710

710

790

790

710

710

Sept.

710

710

630

630

710

710

970

1,180

1,070

970

790

790

790

710

710

790

790

710

630

550

550

550

550

630

630

630

630

630

710

880

Oct.

970

970

880

970

1,070

1,81(T

3,030

3,030

3,030

2,380

1,550

1,550

1,420

1,300

1,180

1,180

1,420

1,550

1,680

1,810

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,300

1,300

1,180

1,180

970

970

880

880

Nov.

790

790

790

710

710

710

790

790

1,070

1,070

1,180

1,550

1,950

1,810

1,810

1,550

1,550

1,810

1,300

1,070

1,180

970

970

880

880

880

880

1,070

1,070

1,900

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a discharge rating curve well defined above 300 second-feet.

Monthly discharge of Escanaba River near Escanaba, Mick., for 1911. 

4 [Drainage area, 800 square miles.]

Month.

May.....................................

July.....................................

October. ................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

8,870

3,030 

1,550 

1,810 

6,640 

1,180 

3,030 

1,950

8,870

Minimum.

630 

350 

300 

710 

550 

880 

710

Mean.

275 

300 

500 

2,600 

1,730 

821 

727 

2,010 

731 

1,470 

1,150 

1,000

1,110

Per 

square 

mile.

0.344 

.375 

.625 

3.25 

2.16 

1.03 

.909 

2.51 

.914 

1.84 

1.44 

1.25

1.39

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.40 

.39 

.72 

3.63 

. 2.49 

1.15 

1.05 

2.89 

1.02 

2.12 

1.61 

1.44

18.31

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

D.

NOTE. Discharge for periods during which ice was present estimated from climatologic records and by 

comparison with the record of flow of Menominee River. Mean discharge Apr. 1 to 10 estimated at 800 

second-feet.

MENOMINEE RIVER NEAR IRON MOUNTAIN, MICH.

Location. At the Homestead highway bridge, 3| miles south of Iron Mountain, 

Mich.

Records available. September 4,1902, to March 31, 1909; June 5,1909, to December 31,1911.
ST. LAWBENCE BIVEB BASIN. 27

Drainage area. 2,420 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain, attached to the bridge May 18, 1904; the original gage was

a staff on the right abutment of the bridge. 

Channel. Probably permanent. 

Artificial control. The flow of the river is to a certain extent controlled by logging

dams.

Winter flow. Affected by ice.

Accuracy. Relation between gage height and discharge affected by ice for several 

months each year and also by backwater from log jams that form below the station 

Cooperation. Maintained in 1911 by Oliver Iron Mining Co.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Menominee River near Iron Mountain, Mich., for 1911.

[A. S. St. Arnald, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7... ............

8..... ..........

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28. ..............

29

30.'..............

31...............

Jan.

1.7

1.9

1.8

2.0

2.1

Feb.

2.1

2.1

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.5

2.5

2.5

3.0

Mar.

3.0

2.7

2.7

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.7

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.7

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.4

3.6

3.6

3.8

' 3.8

4.4

5.0

4.8

4.6

Apr.

4.4

4.1

3.9

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.9

3.9

3.9

4.8

5.7

6.6

6.9

6.9

6.9

6.2

6.2

6.6

6.2

7.0

7.1

4.5

5.5

4.9

3.4

5.1

4.8

4.8

May.

4.2

3.8

2.5

3.2

2.4

2.1

2.4

2.9

3.2

3.6

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.8

2.8

2.7

3.8

5.7

9.2

11.0

10.8

10.8

11.3

10.0

10.0

8.7

8.6

8.9

7.2

8.1

6.6

June.

5.2

4.3

2.9

4.2

3.8

4.3

3.6

3.1

3.4

2.8

4.3

2.6

2.3

2.0

2.2

2.6

2.1

3.7

1.3

1.4

1.9

2.7

3.2

3.5

2.4

1.9

2.1

2.5

2.1

2.3

July.

2.6

2.1

2.3

1.8

1.6

1.9

2.8

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

2.0

1.6

1.8

1.8

2.0

2.4

2.7

3.7

3.2

3.2

3.8

4.4

Aug.

7.8

7.8

8.6

8.2

7.1

5.7

5.2

6.6

6.6

6.5

6.0

5.3

4.8

4.3

3.9

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.1

2.7

2.3

3.3

3.0

.2.8

2.8

3.1

3.1

2.6

2.6

2.6

Sept.

2.9

3.1

2.7

2.4

2.1

3.0

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.2

2.4

2.4

2.9

2.9

2.9

2.6

2.6

2.1

1.9

1.9

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.1

1.5

1.7

1.9

2.0

2.5

Oct.

2.5

2.5

2.7

2.7

3.6

4.7

7.1

7.2

6.7

6.0

5.3

5.3

4.7

4.2

4.0

3.7

4.3

4.5

5.7

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.3

4.7

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.6

3.6

3.1

3.1

Nov.

3.0

3.0

2.0

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.8

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.2

3.6

3.5

3.3

3.3

3.4

3.3

3.2

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.2

3.0

3.1

3. 1

3.0

3.0

3.3 3.:

3.1

Dec.

3.1

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.5

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.4

3.9

4.5

4.7

4.9

4.7

4.4

4.2

4.2

4.0

4.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.2

3.2

3.3

3.3

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge apparently affected by ice Jan. 1 to Mar. 27; gage heights 

during December assumed unaffected. No information regarding backwater from log jams.

« 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Menominee River near Iron Mountain, Mich., for 1911,

Day.

1... ................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

Mar. Apr.

3,260

3,040

2,880

2,510

2,440

2,440

2,510

2,580

2,880

2,880

May.

3,110

2,810

1,880

. 2,360

1,820

1,620

1,820

2,150

2,360

2,660

June.

3,930

3,180

2,150

3,110

2,810

3,180

2,660

2,290

2,510

3,080

July.

1,940

1,620

1,75G

1,440

1,340

1,500

2,080

1,680

1,560

1,500

Aug.

6,520

6,520

7,330

6,970

5,700

4,400

3,930

5,260

5,260

5,160

Sept.

2,150

2,290

2,010

1,320

1.62&-

2,220

2,510

2,510

2,510

2,360

Oct.

1,880

1,880

2,010

2,010

2,660

3,500

5,760

5,860

5,360

4.680

Nov.

2,220

2,220

2,150

2,080

2,080

2,080

2,080

2,220

2,220

2,360

Dec.

2,290

2,220

2 220

2,OSD

2,010

1,380

2,220

2,220

2,220

2,510
28 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Menominee River near Iron Mountain, Mich., for

1911 Continued.

Day.

11...................

12...................

13...................

14. ..................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20. ..................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26..'.................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Mar.

3,260

3,750

3,580

3,420

Apr.

2,880

3,580

4,400

5,260

5,560

5,560

5,560

4,870

4,870

5,260

4,870

5,660

5,760

3,340

4,200

3,660

2,510

3,840

3,580

3,580

May.

2,880

2,880

2,880

2,810

2,080

2,010

2,810

4,400

8,120

10,300

10,100

10,100

10, 700

9,070

9,070

7,440

7,330

7,680

5,860

6,860

5,260

June.

3,180

1,940

1,750

1,560

1,680

1,940

1,620

2,740

1,180

1,220

1,500

2,010

2,360

2,580

1,820

1,500

1,620

1,880

1,620

1,750

July.

1,500

1,440

1,340

1,340

1,220

1,120

1,120

1,120

1,180

1,560

1,340

1,440

1,440

1,560

1,820

2,010

2,740

2,360

2,360

2,810

3,260

Aug.

4,680

4,020

3,580

3,180

2,880

2,580

2,510

2,510

2,290

2,010

1,750

2,440

2,440

2,220

2,080

2,080

2,290

2,290

1,940

1,940

1,940

Sept.

2,360

1,820

1,820

2,150

2,150

2,150

1,940

1,940

1,620

1,500

1,500

1,220

1,340

1,440

1,620

1,280

1,390

1,500

1,560

1,880

Oct.

4,020

4,020

3,500

3,110

2,960

2,740

3,340

3,340

4,400

4,200

4,110

4,020

4,020

3,500

3,040

2,960

2,880

2,660

2,660

2,290

2,290

Nov.

2,360

2,660

2,580

2,440

2,440

2,510

2,440

2,360

2,220

2,220

2,360

2,360

2,220

2,290

2,290

2,220

2,220

2,440

2,360

2,290

Dec.

2,880

3,340

3,500

3,660

3,500

3,260

3,110

3,110

2,960

2,960

2,220

2,220

2,220

2,220

2,220

2,220

2,220

2,360

2,360

2,440

2,440

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined discharge rating curve.

Monthly discharge of Menominee River near Iron Mountain, Mich., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 2,420 square miles.]

Month. >

May....................................

July....................................

October. ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,750 

5,760 

10,700 

3,930 

3,260 

7,330 

2,510 

5,860 

2,660 

3,660

10,700

Minimum.

2,440 

1,620 

1,180 

1,120 

1,750 

1,220 

1,880 

2,080 

1,880

Mean.

850 

1,000 

1,500 

3,870 

4,940 

2,180 

1,690 

3,570 

1,870 

. 3,410 

2,300 

2,560

2,490

Per

square 

mile.

0.351 

.413 

.620 

1.60 

2.04 

.901 

.698 

1.48 

.773 

1.41 

. .950 

1.06

1.03

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.40 

.43 

.71 

1.78 

2.35 

1.01 

.80 

1.71 

.86 

1.63 

1.06 

1.22

13.96

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

D. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

At 

A. 

A.

NOTE. Discharge for period during which ice was present estimated from climatologic records and by 

comparison with records of flow of Escanaba River. 

Mean discharge Mar. 1 to 27 estimated at 1,200 second-feet.

WOLF RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES.

WOLF RIVER AT KESHENA, WIS.

Location. At the highway bridge at Keshena, 3 miles below the mouth of the West

Branch. 

Records available. May 9, 1907, to March 31, 1909, and February 10, 1911, to

December 31, 1911. 

Drainage area. 797 square miles. 

Gage. A vertical staff read twice daily up to October 1,1911, and three times daily 

morning, noon, and night since that date; mean of the three readings taken as the

mean for the day.
ST. LAWKENCE BIYEB BASIN. 29

Channel. Permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from bridge.

Artificial control. The flow of the river is controlled by logging dams.

Winter flow. River freezes over during the winter months.

Accuracy. The relation of gage height to discharge is affected by ice during the

winter, and during the low-water season by the operation of a power plant at the

sawmill 1 mile above the station. Conditions favor the accurate determination of

discharge. 

Cooperation. Station maintained in cooperation with the United States Indian

Office, at whose request it was reestablished.

Discharge measurements of Wolf River at Keshena, Wis., in 1911.

Date.

Jan. 24a

Feb. 10o

Mar. 18&

June 26

Dec. 226

Hydrographer.

.....do.....................................................

S. B. Soule. ...............................................

C . J. Emerson .............................................

Width.

Feet. 

103

103

107

112

102

Area of 

section.

Sq.feet. 

216

218

284

248

462

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.02

2.10

2.13

1.15

4.45

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

377

539

428

872

a Complete ice cover. & Partial ice cover.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Wolf River at Keshena, Wis., for 1911. 

[Neil Gauthier, observer.]

Day.

1.. ........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15. .........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19.....;....

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28

29..........

30v\

Feb.

2.11

2.08

2.16

2.22

2.30

2.30

2.32

2.34

2.31

2.31

2.20

2.12

2.13

2.16

2.28

2.22

2.21

Mar.

2.10

2.14

2.12

2.06

2.02

2.09

2.14

2.16

2.25

2.42

2.38

2.32

2.25

2.21

2.45

2.12

2.21

2.02

2.02

2.28

2.38

2.22

2.32

2.42

2.45

2.25

2.38

2.36

2.16

2

<JA

Apr.

2.12

2.15

'2.05

1.92

1.62,

1.36

1.42

1.41

1.62

1.95

1.92

1.78

1.78

2.18

1.98

1.82

1.76

2.65

2.48

2.68

2.98

2.08

1.94

1.26

2.95

2.30

2.89

2.58

2.41

2 Of)

May.

2.40

1.99

2.20

2.01

1.50

2.10

1.85

2.19

2.22

1.62

1.70

1.69

2.40

2.18

2.21

1.30

2.36

2.28

1.98

2.55

1.TS4

2.22

2.18

2.26

2.45

1.91

2.25

1.78

2.28

1 O4.

1.70

June.

2.90

3.21

2.29

3.08

8.99

2.80

2.59

2.52

1.71

1.62

2 on

1.08

1.10

1.16

1.28

1.08

.95

1.28

1.46

1.12

1.84

2.22

2.86

2.34

2.15

1.20

2.06

1.55

July.

1 48

1.45

1.22

1.49

1.18

1.32

1.22

1.62

1.58

1.38

1.55

1.48

1.26

1.30

1.25

1.29

1.18

1.00

1.05

1.38

1.22

1.45

1.22

1.32

1.60

1.28

1.28

1.25

1.38

1.12

i *\n

Aug.

1.20

1.39

1.21

1.50

1.52

1.25

1.38

1.75

1.85

1.61

1.51

1.60

1.48

1.30

1.31

1.25

1.18

1.22

1.25

1.35

1.58

1.48

1.38

1.60

1.26

1.22

1.42

1 48

1.25

1.38

i 99

Sept.

1.28

1.50

1.22

1.32

1.30

1.25

1.52

1.32

1.28

1.55

1.50

1.25

1.30

1.70

1.78

1.35

1.85

1.90

1.45

2.10

1.62

1.42

1.31

1.42

1.92

2.35

Oct.

3.43

2.85

3.31

3.79

4.85

5.24

4.48

3.77

3.70

3.82

3.41

3.38

3.50

3.46

3.22

3.22

3.05

2.98

3.00

2.95

2.77

3.24

3.31

3.29

2.68

2.72

2.78

2.56

2.22

2.43

2.09.

Nov.

2.40

2.46

2.34

2.18

2.18

2.10

2.56

3.49

5.28

6.35

6.74

6.38

6.18

5.89

5.72

6.54

6.35

6.24

6.10

5.77

5.72

6.35

6.60

6.38

5.66

6.03

6.41

6.16

6.36

6.31

Dec.

5.62

5.46

5.11

5.36

5.26

5.40

5.56

5.54

5.09

5.36

5.80

5.88

5.85

5.72

5.62

5.00

4.59

4.60

4.36

4.25

4.45

4.45

4.38

4.42

4.35

4.34

4.38

4.41

4.67

5.07

5.28

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge apparently affected by ice from Jan. 1 to about Apr. 17 and 

Nov. 12 to Dec. 31.
30 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART IV. '

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Wolf River at Keshena, Wis.,for 1911.

Day.

1....................................

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

si

Apr.

1,090

1.000

1,100

1.270

815

7^4.

482

1,250

915

1,220

967

1,230

May.

962

776

869

784

575

824

716

864

878

622

654

650

962

860

874

isn

943

906

771

1,040

712

878

860

897

986

741

892

687

906

754

654

June.

1,220

1,410

972

910

1,330

1,270

1,170

1,060

1,020

658

622

915

413

421

444

489

413

364

489

559

429

712

878

1.200

934

846

459

806

594

583

July.

567

554

467

571

451

505

467

622

606

528

594

567

482

4Q7

478

493

451

383

402

528

467

554

' 467

505

614

489

489

478

528

429

575

Aug.

459

532

463

575

583

478

528

674

716

618

579

614

567

497

501

478

. 451

467

478

516

606

567

528

614

482

467

544

567

478

528

467

Sept.

489

' 575

467

505

497

478

583

505

489

594

575

478

497

654

687

516

716

737

556

824

622

544

501

544

746

938

1,060

1,180

1,310

1,430

Oct.

1,550

1,190

1,470

1,780

2,510

2,800

2,250

1,770

1,720

1,800

1,530

1,510

1,590

1,560

1,410

1,410

1,310

1,270

1,280

1,250

1,150

1,430

1,470

1,460

1,100

1,120

1,160

1,040

878

976

820

Nov.

962

991

934

860

860

824

1,040

1,580

2,830

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined below 1,900 second-feet. Discharge 

Sept. 27 to 30 interpolated.

Monthly discharge of Wolf River at Keshena, Wis.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 797 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

.

1,270

1,040 

1,410 

622 

716 

1,430 

2,800,

Minimum.

497 

364 

383 

451 

467 

820

Mean.

350 

400 

500 

749 

806 

786 

510 

536 

677 

1,470 

1,520 

1,000

777

Per 

square 

mile.

0.439 

.502 

.627 

.940 

1.01 

.986. 

.640 

.673 

.849 

1.84 

1.91 

1.25

.975

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.51 

.52 

.72 

1.05 

1.16 

1.10 

.74 

.78 

.95 

2.12 

2.13 

1.44

13.22

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

D. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. C. v 

D.

NOTE. Discharge for periods during which ice was present estimated from four discharge measurements 

made under ice conditions, climatologic records, and by comparison with records of flow of the West Branch 

of Wolf River. Mean discharge Apr. 1 to 17 estimated at 550 second-feet; mean discharge Nov. 12 to 30 

estimated at 1,300 second-feet.

WEST BRANCH OF WOLF RIVER AT NEOPIT, WIS.

Location. At the dam and power plant at Neopit, a station of the Wisconsin &

Northern Railroad, 20 miles north of Shawanq. 

Records available. January 25 to December 31, 1911
ST. LAWBEFC! MVER BASIN. 31

Drainage area. Not measured.

Gages. Vertical staff.

Determination of flow. An attempt to measure the flow by current-meter measurements made a short distance below the dam proved unsatisfactory and it was 

decided to rate the turbine and spillway. The power is developed by means of 

a timber dam about 14 feet high, which backs the water upstream for a considerable distance and forms a service reservoir. The spillway is a rectangular opening 

about 13 feet wide, which is closed by means of stop planks. Little water leaks 

through the dam, but considerable passes between the planks when all are in place. 

The power house is at the dam and is equipped with a 35-inch Leffel-Samson 

turbine, belted to a 60-kilowatt generator which is used chiefly for lighting. 

The turbine takes water from the service reservoir through a rectangular flume 

which is 9 feet wide by 6 feet deep and is lined with smooth planks. The,turbine 

was rated by means of current-meter measurements in the flume. The spillway 

and leakage through the boards were rated by measurements in the sluiceway.- 

Gages were placed in the pond and below the dam to show the head on the turbine. 

Readings of the head gage, daily gage, voltage, amperage, and number of planks 

removed from the spillway were recorded seven times each day at 6, 7, and 10 

a. m., 12 m., 3, 6, and 10 p. m.; these readings were then weighted in accordance 

with the elapsed interval.

Accuracy. A current-meter measurement made December 21, 1911, indicated that 

the records were being carefully taken and are reliable.

Cooperation. Station established at the request of the United States Indian Office, 

as Neopit is on the Menominee Indian Reservation.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of West Branch of Wolf River at Neopit, Wis.,for 1911.

Day.

1......... ......

2...............

3...............

4...... .........

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

i

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

Feb.

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

57

62

60

60

63

56

65

58

64

. 57

Mar.

64

60

75

63

70

74

69

72

102

96

78

70

61

135

70

56

89

117

89

103

92

55

78

110

101

79

93

123

118

121

114

Apr.

106

70

97

99

91

81

95

70

103

85

89

95

106

117

77

102

97

102

264

108

239

59

61

116

96

76

73

157

87

May.

99

65

137

100

91

75

54

133

102

90

409

201

87

19

132

153

135

114

94

107

107

124

116

126

101

100

94

87

104

26

64

June.

56

230

 62

31

116

121

87

70

73

115

27

59

59

63

79

70

66

35

67

42

42

80

39

44

109

52

51

97

61

108

July.

43

95

91

62

100

99

70

139

. 97

91

61

65

112

50

92

102

111

63

107

84

48

 67

SO

97

, 93

87

61

99

79

56

99.

Aug.

75

80

77

80

61

60

139

143

94

108

45

92

94

81

92

70

63

79

126

111

96

77

73

68

70

93

60

76

65

78

85

Sept.

70

88

61

83

105

81

101

108

69

113

94

51

89

156

119

134

133

164

201

128

89

144

112

111

121

77

131

97

141

J48

Oct.

144

108

11

200

183

442

395

247

176

203

171

139

106

222

155

229

225

196

180

168

136

155

178

205

210

161

178

156

162

154

149

Nov.

134

156

144

150

1f!7

174

too

145

175

202

207

190

159

135

210

136

140

146

185

202

136

156

170

167

156

129

166

164

138

137

Dec.

169

171

147

133

133

138

162

156

267

209

223

206

198

163

158

142

151

145

106

129

166

178

148

120

125

124

126

131

148

140

NOTE. Daily discharge computed from ratings of the turbine, spillway, and leakage. See description.
32 STJKFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

Monthly discharge of West Branch of Wolf River at Neopit,Wis.,for 1911.

Month.

March. ..

May...........................................................

July............................................................

December. .....................................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

60 

65 

135 

264 

409 

230 

139 

143 

201 

442 

210 

267

Minimum.

60 

56 

55 

59 

19 

27 

43 

60 

51 

108 

129 

106

Mean.

60.0 

60.1 

87.0 

104 

111 

73.7 

84.2 

84.2 

111 

189 

162 

158

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

GRAND RIVER, AT GRAND RAPIDS, MICH.

Location. At Fulton Street Bridge in Grand Rapids, Mich.

Records available. March 12,1901, to December 31,1911.

Drainage area.-<-4,900 square miles.

Gage. Staff, attached to bridge. In November, 1907, a new staff gage with zero

corresponding to the city datum was attached to the abutment of the bridge.

Readings on this gage were first reported in December, 1907. The zero of the

gage in use prior to November, 1907, was 0.55 foot below the city datum; alLgage

readings, however, were corrected to the city datum and all published gage heights

are therefore .referred to the same datum.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of the bridge. 

Winter flow. Somewhat affected by ice. 

Artificial control. The operation of power plants above the station may modify

the low-water flow. 

Accuracy. The two or three measurements made at this station since' 1905 indicate

that the 1905 discharge curve is not applicable after that year. 

Cooperation. Records furnished by the city engineer of Grand Rapids.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Grand River at Grand Rapids, Mich., for 1911.

[F. F. Smith, observer.]

Day.

2...............

3............... 

4...............

5...............

6............... 

7...............

8............... 

9...............

10...............

11...............

12............... 

13...............

14............... 

15...............

15............... 

17............... 

18...............

1Q

20...............

21............... 

22............... 

23

24............... 

25...............

26............... 

27............... 

28............... 

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

-0.65 

- .50

- .30

- 20 

- .05

-"."io"

- .15

- .15 

.05 

.30

.40

.50 

.70

.75

.65

.60 

.25

"".'65'

- .08 

- .28

- .40 

.08 

1.00

1.95 

1.90

Feb.

2. 20

2.20

1.75

1 41

1.15 

1.00

0.80 

.80

.70 

.60

"".'46"

2.10 

4.60

5.38 

6.58 

7.98

7.42 

7.00

"4.~98'

4.15 

3.40

"S." 22" 

2.92

Mar.

2.52

2.10

1.72

1 AK

0.92 

.65

.48 

.28

.18 

.08

""."25"

.55 

.48

.35

.18 

.08

- .02

- .10 

- .15 

- .18

- .12 

- .02

""."62" 

- .02 

- .12

- .10 

- .08

Apr.

-0.02

- .10 

- .02

.65

1.50 

2.92

2.97

2.72

2.47 

2.45 

2.87

2.62 

2.42

"2." 05"

1.87

2

00

2.65

2.40 

1.97

1.22 

0.90

. .85 

.70 

.35 

.05

*

May.

i 4^

2.48

1.90 

1.62

1.45 

1.22

0.65 

.30

.10

.05 

- .02 

- .02

-"."32"

- .62 

- .80 

- .70

.60

- .35

"i.'is"

1.90

2.10 

1.40

0.85 

.32

07

-".'27'

June.

0.40

- .25

- .20

.95 

2.75

3.32 

2.45

2.05

"i.'i2"

O KK

.35

. .27

.22 

.32

40

- .80

- .90 

- .80 

- .85

- .88

.65 

- .35 

- .60 

- .60

- .60

July.

-0.65

-0.75

-0.35

- .50

- .45

- .85

-1.00

-0.95 

-1.00 

-0.95

- .85 

- .82

-i.'io"

 1.20

-1.10

-1.25

-1.15 

-1.10

- .92 

-1.00

-1.20 

-1.30 

-1.30 

-1.30 -i.'so"

Aug.

-1.30

-1.12

-1.10 

-1.10

-1.25

-i.'ijf

-1.45 

-1.45

-1.40

-1.40 

-1.35

-1.35 

-1.35

-1.35 

-1.35 

-1.35

1 ^1

-1.35 

-1.40 

-1.35

-1.35 

-1.35

-1.35

-i."35" 

-1.35

-1.35

-1.35

Sept.

-1.35

-1.35

-1.30

-1.30 

-1.30

-1.30 

-1.25

-1.25 

-1.25 

-1.15

-1.15 

-1.00

-0.90 

-'.~90'

- .90

- .82

- .78 

- .78 

- .78

-"."75"

- .75 

- .65 

- .70 

- .25

0.45

Oct.

4.15

4.48 

4.15

4.00 

4.00

"I" 50"

4.35

4.10 

3.38 

3.38

3.15

2.20 

2.52 

2.88

2.88

2.50 

2.80

^ 4fi

3.60 

3.30

2.95 

2.85 

2.48

1.72 

1.52

Nov.

1 V>

111

1.15 

1.20

0.95 

1.00

1.20 

1.30

1.22 

1.40 " "5." 66"

5.30 

4.88

4.62 

4.45 

5.55

6.75

6.55

6.30 

6.15

4.75 

4.15

"s.'ss"

3.20 

3.50

Dec.

3.10

3.05

" "2." 98

2>72

2.35 

2.70

2.80 

3.25

3.50 

3.90 

3.98

3.75 

3.55

3.28 "i'so

2.30

2.10

1.75 

1.95 

2.80

2.70 

2.90 

2.60 

0.80

1.05

NOTE. Relation between gag 

January, February, March, and '. s height and discharge probably to some extent affected by ice during )ecember.
ST. LAWBENCE EIVEE BASIN. 33

MANISTEE RIVER NEAR SHERMAN, MICH.

Location. At north bridge, 1 mile from Sherman, Mich., immediately above the 

mouth of Wheeler Creek.

Records available. July 10, 1903, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 900 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Winter flow. Special studies are necessary to determine the winter flow as the 

stream freezes over. The constancy of flow is remarkable, and is due to the fact 

that the supply is derived from springs and ground water. The maximum 

recorded mean flow for any month from 1903 to 1908 is only two and one-half times 

the minimum recorded flow. Consequently a fairly close estimate of the discharge 

for the periods during which ice is present can be made by using climatological 

data and the general records.

Accuracy. Observations in 1910-11 indicate that the relation of gage height to discharge remains unchanged, but may at times be affected by backwater from log 

jams.

Cooperation. Station maintained in cooperation with William G. Fargo.

The following discharge measurement was made by V. H. Reineking: 

September 20,1911: Gage height, 2.00 feet; discharge, 904 second-feet.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Manistee River near Sherman, Mwk., for 1911. 

f [M. I. and M. Munn, observers.]

Day.

1..... ..........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7. ..............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16. ..............

17...............

18...............

19t. .............

20.. .............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.20

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.40

2 40

2.40

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.40

2.40

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.40

2.40

2.50

2.50

2.40

2.36

Feb.

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.22

2.20

2.12

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.30

2.45

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.45

2.40

2.40

2.35

2.30

2.35

2.40

2.42

2.50

2.45

2.38

Mar.

2.30

2.38

2.35

2.30

2.22

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.28

2.50

2.70

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.12

2.95

2.85

2.90

2.95

3.23

3.50

3.82

3.48

3.40

3.36

3.55

3.75

3.85

3.79

3.70

Apr.

3.55

3.28

3.04

3.00

3.32

3.70

3.70

3.60

3 fin

3.65

3.72

3.86

4.12

4.62

5.28

5.58

5.50

5.10

4.72

4.45

4.25

4.12

4.02

3.92

3.75

3.55

3.42

3.34

3.30

3.30

May.

3.50

4 00

4.10

4.05

3.82

3.58

3.42

3.25

3 19

3.09

3.06

2.90

2.70

2.78

2.80

3.00

3.68

4.20

4.45

4.50

4.45

5.02

5.60

5.70

5.68

5.15

4.60

4.10

3.82

3.50

3.70

June.

4.00

3

QC

3.75

3.80

3.80

3.65

3.26

3 1Q

3.12

3 OK

3.00

3.00

3.00

2.92

2.83

2.94

3.05

2.85

2.65

2.60

2.52

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.65

2.70

2.60

2.50

2.50

July.

2.42

2.40

2.40

2.35

2.25

2.42

2.38

2.29

2.28

2.27

2.29

2.30

2.24

2.20

2.20

2.20

2.15

2.14

2.15

2.14

2.10

2.08

2.06

2.18

2.28

2.29

2.28

2.25

2.21

2.15

2.11

Aug.

2.15

2.19

2.14

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.10

2.20

2.25

2.21

2.19

2.12

2.09

2.05

2.07

2.07

2.04

2.02

2.08

2.0*

2.05

2.03

1.99

1 07

1.96

1.94

1.95

' 2.10

2.07

2.02

Sept.

1.99

1 Q7

1.96

1.98

2.00

2.08

2.19

2.26

2.20

2.18

2.20

2.30

2.15

2.20

2.18

2.14

2.14

2.10

2.07

2.01

2.08

2.04

2.02

2.00

2.01

2.06

2.04

2.03

2.34

2.40

Oct.

2.46

2.50

2.64

2.85

2.78

3.30

3.99

3.90

3.78

3.62

3.40

3.14

2.98

2.88

2.78

2.70

3.02

3.14

3.08

2.98

2.83

2.88

3.14

3.25

3.25

3.19

3.08

2.92

2.88

2.78

2.-69

Nov.

2.68

2.68

2.64

2.56

2.56

2.63

2.81

>2.92

2.86

2.88

3.00

4.32

4.22

4.12

3.94

3.69

3.65

3.60

3.55

3.40

3.28

3.22

3.12

3.06

3.04

2.92

2.94

2.98

2.97

2.98

Dec.

2.88

2.96

2.98

2.84

2.77

2.76

2.81

2.87

3.05

3.78

4.78

4.98

5.06

4.89

4.65

4.20

3.76

3.55

3.45

3.22

3.12

3.02

3.04

3.04

3.01

2.96

2.92

,2.80

2.62

2.68

2.87

NOTE. Ice present Jan. 5 to 28; relation of gage height to discharge apparently but little affected. 

A logjam formed above the station July 11 and caused a slight lowering of stage.

47883° WSP 304 12 3
34 STTBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Manistee River near Sherman, Mick., for 1911.

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9. ..............

10...............

11...............

12. ..............

13. ...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18. ..............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26.. .... .........

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31.........'......

Jan.

952

987

987

987

1,020

1,020

1,020

1,060

1,060

1 060

i fifin

1,060 i fifin

1 fifin

1,060

1,060 i fifin

1,020

1,020 i fifin

1 060 I'oeo

i ftfin

1,060

1,060

1,020

1,020

1 060

1,060

1,020

1 ' 000

Feb.

987

QQ7

987

987

959

952

094

Q17

Q17

Q17

QCO

987

QQ7

1 ft4.H

1,060

1,060

1,060

1 040

1,020

1,000

987

1 000

1'020

1 030

1,060

1,040

1,020

Mar.

987

1,020

i rum

987

959

QCO

952

980

1 060

1 140

l'210

i acn

1,290

1,330

1,300

1 OQA

1 190

1,210

1,230

1 ^t^n

1,160

1 IQrt

1 4.^

1,400

1,480

1,570

1,610

1,590

1,550

Apr.

1 480

l'370

1,270

1,250

1,380

1,550

1 tiff\

I

Eflfl

1,500

1,530

1,560

1 740

1,970

2

QAA

2

JAA

2,410

2,210

2,020

1 SQft

1 800

1 740 I'ego

1 640

1,570

1 480

1 430

1 3Qrt

1,380

1,380

May.

1,460

1,680

1,730

1,700

1,600

1 5flfl

1 430

1*360 1,'soo

1 9Qft

1 9SA

1,210

1 140

1,170

1,170

1,250

1 540

l'770

1,890

1,910

1 <!Qfi

2,170

2,520

2,510

2,240

1,960 i 7sn

1 600

1,460 i "i^n

June.

1,680

1 660

1^570

1,590

1,590

i fsn

1 440

1,360

1,330

1,300

1,270

1,250

1,250

1,250

1,220

1.190

1,230

1,270

1,190

1,120

1,100

1,070

1,060

1,060

1,120

1,140

1,100

1,060

1,060

July.

1,030

1,020

1,020

1,000

970

1,030

1,020

984

980

976

984

987

966

952

952

952

934

931

934

931

017

910

QAS

945

980

984

980

970

956

934

920

Aug.

934

948

931

917

917

Q17

Q17

917

952

970

956

948

924

914

900

907

907

897

890

910

890

900

QQO

880

873

870

863

866

917

907

890

Sept.

880

873

870

876

883

Qin

948

973

952

OAK

952

987

934

952

945

931

931

Q17

907

886

910

897

OQA

, 883

886

903

897

893

1,000

1,020

Oct.

1,050

1,060

1,110

1,190

1,170

1,380

1,680

1,640

1,580

1,510

1,420

1,310

1,240

1,210

1,170

1,140

1,260

1,310

1,280

1,240

1,190

1,210

1,310

1,360

1,360

1,330

I'jSO

1,210

1,170

1,130

Nov.

1,130

1,130

1,110

1,080

1,080

1,110

1,180

1,220

1,200

1,210

1,250

1,830

1,780

1,740

1,650

1,540

1,530

1,600

1,480

1,420

1,370

1,340

1,300

1,280

1,270

1,220

1,230

1 240

1,240

1,240

Dec.

1,210

1,240

1,240

1,190

1,160

1.160

1,180

1,200

1,270 i;sso

2,050

2,150

2,190

2,100

1,990

1,770

1,570

1,480

1,440

1,340

1,300

1,260

1,270

1,270

1,260

1,240

1,220

1,170

1,100

1,130

1,200

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a rating curve well defined below 1,700 second-feet. No correction for ice. i

Monthly discharge of Manistee River near Sherman, Mich.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 900 square miles.]

* Month.

May....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,060 

1,060 

1,610 

2,460 

2,520 

1,680 

1,030 

970 

1,020 

1,680 

1,830 

2,190

2,520

Minimum.

952 

917 

952 

1,250 

1,140 

1,060 

903 

863 

870 

1,050 

1,080 

1,100

863

Mean.

1,040 

997 

1,250 

1,670 

1,660 

1,270 

966 

910 

921 

1,280 

1,330 

1,420

1,230

Per

square 

mile.

1.16 

1.11 

1.39 

1.86 

1.84 

1.41 

1.07 

1.01 

1.02 

1.42 

1.48 

1.58

1.37

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.34 

1.24 

1.60

2.08 

2.12 

1.57 

1.23 

1.16 

1.14 

1.64 

1.65 

1.S2

18.59

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.
ST. LAWBENCE EIVEE BASIN.

T&IBUTARY fO t*AKE HURON.

AIT SABLE RIVER AT BAMFIELD, HIGH.

Location.^-At remains of old wooden highway bridge at Bamfield, near (jlennie post 

office, Mich., in the NW. £ sec. 14, T. 25 N., E. 5 E., about 600 feet above the 

mouth of Bamfields Creek.

Records available. August 27, 1902, to December 31, 1911. .

Drainage sftrea. 1,420 square miles.

Gage. Staff; fastened to wooden crib pier of the old bridge about 600 feet above the 

steel bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent. \

Discharge measurements. Made from the steel bridge about 600 feet below the 

wooden bridge at which measurements were formerly made. The steel bridge 

was begun in March and completed in July, 1907; part of the wooden bridge was 

removed when the steel bridge was finished. Bamfields Creek, which enters 

immediately above the steel bridge, carries only a few second-feet of water.

Winter flow. The river is frozen over two or three months each year, but open 

places, probably caused by inflow from springs, are found throughout the winter.

Accuracy. The relation between gage height and discharge is affected for short 

periods during the logging season by backwater from logjams and at times during 

the winter by backwater from anchor ice. Changes made in the channel below 

the gage when the new bridge was erected caused slight backwater at the gage. 

The station has not been inspected since March, 1909.

Cooperation. Station maintained in cooperation with William G. Fargo.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Au Sable River at Bamfield, Mich., for 1911. 

[Mrs. W. H. Bamfield, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

80...............

31...............

Jan.

2.62

2.16

2.25

2.36

2.68

2.91

3.30

2.85

2.76

2.80

3.12

3.58

3.05

2.69

2.'95

2.88

2.78

2.72

2.64

2.78

2.78

2.46

2.51

Feb.

2.36

2.68

2.39

2.41

2.05

1.95

1.72

2.44

2.31

1.61

2.15

2.78

2.91

2.72

2.80

2.90

- 3.30

1.46

1.39

1.35

1.38

1.40

1.29

1.22

1.22

1.32

1.32

1.32

Mar.

1.26

1.26

1.26

1.24

1.22

1.21

1.18

1.15

1.25

1.30

1.50

1.55

1.51

1.79

1.86

1.75

1.60

1.51

1.48

1.45

1.64

1.86

2.00

1.90

1.90

2.34

2.85

3.05

3.44

2.62

2.40

Apr.

2.32

2.46

1.92

1.96

2.32

2.75

2.76

2.48

2.70

2.95

3.30

3.35

4.45

4.45

3.75

3.62

3.50

2.95

2.85

2 AQ.

2. BO

2.45

2.40

2.30

2.28

2.26

2.29

May.

2.55

3.02

2.85

2.75

2.52

2.39

2.24

2.12

2.11

2.02

2.05

2.00

1.90

1.88

1.92

2.15

2.51

3.10

3.08

2.98

2.94

3.08

3.40

3.72

3.55

3.36

2.95

2.68

2.49

2.29

2.35

June.

2.55

2.50

2.42

2.32

2.36

2.36

2.30

2.26

2.22

2.24

2.24

2.30

2.28

1.95

1.94

1.95

1.86

1.70

1.68

' 1.66

1.61

1.58

1.51

1.52

1.58

1.64

1.60

July.

1.90

1.86

1.83

1.69

1.64

1.56

1.54

1.49

1.39

1.36

1.30

1.24

1.20

1.10

1.05

1.10

1.11

1.15

1.21

1.25

1.26

1.28

1.30

1.31

1.30

1.26

1.28

1.28

1.24

1.20

1.18

Aug.

1.19

1.29

1.29

1.30

1.28

1.30

1.28

1.25

1.20

1.26

1.30

1.25

1.22

1.18

1.24

1.35

1.47

1.44

1.28

1.26

1.24

1.21

1.22

1.20

1.16

1.10

1.15

1.21

1.28

1.32

1.38

Sept.

1.39

1.29

1.35

1.38

1.24

1.28

1.40

1.50

1.42

i tin

1.37

1.34

1.28

1.25

1.38

1.51

1.40

1.36

1.28

1.18

1.20

1.26

1.20

1.22

1.27

1.30

1.42

1.32

1.48

1.56

Oct.

1.80

1.80

1.85

2.18

2.12

2.48

2.80

2.90

2.64

2.55

2.39

2.29

2.38

2.08

1.92

1.78

2.08

2.28

2.38

2.25

2.05

2.02

2.28

2.35

2.26

2.15

2.08

2.00

1.95

1.92

Nov.

1.98

1.96

2.00

1.88

1.89

1.78

1.90

2.16

2.30

2.21

2.19

3.10

4.10

3.85

3.70

3.50

3.38

3.30

3.19

2.02

2.02

2.12

2.21

2.22

2.32

2.35

2.32

2.26

2.18

2.38

Dec.

3.05

3.02

3.00

2.02

2.11

2.12

2.10

2.12

2.22

2.78

3.50

4.05

3.58

3.45

3.24

3.12

3.02

3.09

3.06

2.95

2.55

2.46

2.40

2.36

2.32

2.30

2.24

2.19

2.12

2.12

2.12

NOTE. Relation between gage height and discharge affected by ie.e Jan. 1 to Feb. 18, and during December; gage heights for these periods read to water surface.
36 STJEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ERIE.

HURON RIVER AT DEXTER, MICH.

Location.At the highway bridge at Dexter, Mich., a short distance belqw the mouth 

of Mill Creek.

Becords available. September 1, 1904, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. N.ot measured.

Gage. Standard chain, attached to bridge; installed March 26, 1908, at the same 

datum as the staff gage which was in use until March 12,1908, when it was carried 

out by ice; datum unchanged. >

Channel. The-high water that carried out the gage produced permanent change in 

the bed of the river; a small head race runs to an abandoned mill on the left bank, 

but at ordinary stages little or no water flows into this canal; at high stages a 

email amount of water may pass around the gage through this race.

Discharge measurements. Made from a boat several hundred feet below the gage 

or from the bridge to which the gage is attached.

Winter flow. As the current is swift, little ice forms at this section.

Accuracy. Relation between gage height and discharge that existed prior to March 

12, 1908, was altered as the result of the change in the river bed produced at that 

time; gage heights are only slightly affected by ice. The station was last inspected 

October 17, 1908.

Cooperation. Station maintained in cooperation with the Eastern Michigan Edison 

Co., Washtenaw division, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Huron River at Dexter, Mich., for 1911. 

[D. M. L/itchfield, observer.]

Day..

1.. ...... .......

2...............

3...............

4 ..............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11............... 12...........:...

13...............

14...............

15...............

16'...............

17...............

is

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

0.00

.15

.40

.60

.70

.70

.70

.30

.30

.60

.55

.55

.60

.75

.60

.75

.75

.60

.60

.60

.60

.60

.70

.62

.55

.55

.80

1 00

.85

.70

.70

Feb.

0.62

.58

.52

.50

.50

.50

.48

.45

.40

.45

.42

.38

.58

1 v>

1.30

1.60

1.70

1.70

1 65

1.45

1.28

1.18

1.08

1.00

1.00

0.98

.88

.80

Mar.

0.78

.65

.62

.60

.55

.52

.50

.45

.40

.40

.40

.40

.55

.60

.60

.58

.50

.38

.35

.35

.38

.45

.42

.35

30

.25

.25

.20

.20

.20

Apr.

0.20

.22

.20

.20

.50

.50

.50

.50

.50

.45

.40

.40

.50

.50

.45

.40

.40

.38

.40

.95

.90

.75

.68

.62

.52

.50

48

.40

.45

.48

May.

0.45

.50

.42

.40

.40

.42

.30

.25

.22

.20

.20

.15

.10

.08

.00

.00

.00

00

- .10

- .10

- .10

- .08

- .12

- .20

- .20

- .22

__ Qf|

- .30

- .30

 30

- .30

June.

-0.30

- .30

- .22

- .20

.15

.20

.10

.10

.10

.10

.10

- .02

- .02

- .02

- .08

- .10

- .10

- .12

- .15

- .12

- .20

- .22

- .28

- .25

- .20

- .20

- .20

- .20

- .28

 30

July.

-0.30

- .30

- .30

- .30

- .35

- .35

- .40

- .38

- .40

- .40

- .35

- .38

- .40

- .42

- .45

- .45

- .48

- .50

- .45

- .45

- .45

- .45

- .50

- .50

- .48

- .50

- .48

- .48

- .45

- .48

- .48

Aug.

-0.42

- .38

- .38

- .40

- .40

- .40

- .40

- .40

- .40

- .40

- .38

- .40

- .40

- .40

- .35

- .32

- .30

- .38

- .40

- .40

- .30

- .32

- .35

- .30

- .30

- .35

- .40

- .40

-r- .35

- .35

- .38

Sept.

-0.40

- .40

- .40

- .40

- .45

- .40

- .35

- .40

- .35

- .38

- .35

- .30

- .30

- .30

- .20

- .20

- .20

-..20

- .20

- .30

- .22

- .22

- .22

- .25

- .30

- .28

- .20

- .15

- .08

 08

Oct.

0.05

.20

.28

.30

30

.32

.40

.40

.38

.38

.38

.30

.30

.25

.28

.20

.28

OA

25

.20

.22

.22

.20

.20

.20

.18

.15

.15

.12

.12

.15

Nov.

0.18

.12

.10

.10

.10

.12

.20

.20

.22

.25

.28

.32

.42

.45

.42

.48

.52

.88

.85

.78

.70

.70

.70

.68

.70

.65

60

.65

.78

.50

Dec.

0.52

.48

.62

.50

4S

.48

.48

.48

..55

.58

.65

fiS

.62

.62

.60

,58

.55

.82

.50

4fi

.48

.55

.60

.58*K

.50

.45

.32

.55

.42

.42

NOTE. Relation between gage height and discharge affected by backwater from ice ams during January 

and to some extent by ice during December.
ST. LAWRENCE EIVEB BASIN. 37

HURON RIVER AT GEDDES, MICH.

Location. At dam and power plant of the Eastern Michigan Edison Co. at Geddes,

Mich., half a mile above mouth of Fleming Creek. 

Records available. February 1,1904, to December 31,1911. 

Drainage area. 757 square miles. 

Determination of discharge. The flow of the river at this point is computed

from records of the operation of the power plant and records of the depth of the

flow over the dam. 

Cooperation. The estimates are made and furnished by G. S. Williams.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Huron River at Geddes, Mich., for 1911, 

[Drainage area, 757 square miles.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7 ..............

8...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15..........*...-

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21. .*.............

99

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

OQ

39...............

31...............

Jan.

167

203

143

189

169

184

173

214

196

205

273

299

310

344

470

427

435

362

317

365

340

248

306

307

310

320

532

662

736

532

451

Feb.

436

462

430

497

434

221

299

296

299

311

298

349

369

692

1,025

1,022

1,068

1,050

1,036

930

847

808

755

753

830

759

582

599

Mar.

549

572

502

495

497

503

448

431

409

412

476

450

515

491

485

355

434

417

365

383

411

360

401

358

328

318

368

377

389

379

381

Apr.

392

304

413

441

597

564

584

535

461

516

537

537

546

535

541

384

459

458

531

1,136

986

808

564

691

654

602

560

524

505

380

May.

464

489

4SO

464

439

445

360

369

365

350

358

294

280

195

273

242

224

222

181

185

129

17.6

181

162

151

148

156

68

126

07

115

June.

80

90

126

142

260

310

264

x 213

254

273

218

287

200

212 IOA

188

178

116

146

140

148

138

95

79

104

83

124

118

105

<u

July.

87

148

111

134

56

99

94

84

97

83

91

218

100

64

80

79

60

76

63

61

66

72

62

60

61

62

56

56

55

47

64

Aug.

61

92

91

103

82

62

52

63

70

112

124

67

32

63

CM

75

132

70

88

78

73

87

91

86

105

75

81

69

140

45

78

Sept.

77

84

61

136

39

93

103

78

71

76

119

86

81

118

125

130

82

120

146

125

102

115

143

140

56

132

258

202

257

206

Oct.

321

298

258

260

363

393

412

352

437

416

389

. 378

388

359

350

300

325

294

326

313

319

319

354

332

291

294

291

284

225

284

256

Nov.

258

279

258

258

218

298

273

296

324

312

320

384

477

422

442

424

495

749

734

602

559

549

549

550

542

473

517

574

620

567

Dec.

515

478

294

347

454

486

450

412

524

488

in f(

471

479

484

502

495

519

523

537

548

553

463

466

454

459

469

459

485

406

477

515

NOTE. Daily discharge July 1 to Sept. 30 and Oct. 15 to 17 estimated from records at the Superior dam, 

about 1* miles below Geddes. ,

Monthly discharge of Huron River at Geddes, Mich., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 757 square miles.]

Month.

March .........................................

April..........................................

May...........................................

July...........................................

December .....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

736 

1,070 

572 

1,140 

489 

310 

218 

140 

258 

437 

749 

553

1,140

Minimum.

143

221 

318 

304 

68 

79 

47 

32 

39 

225 

218 

294

32

Mean.

329 

623 

428 

558 

264 

166 

82.1 

81.9 

119 

328 

444 

474

322

Per

square 

mile.

0.435

.823 

.565 

.737 

.349 

.219 

.108 

.108 

.157 

.433 

.586 

.626

.425

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area.)

0.50 

.86 

.65 

.82 

.40 

.24 

.12 

.12 

.18 

.50 

.65 

.72

5.76
StTBFACE WATER 19U, PABT IV.

HURON RIVER AT FLAT BOOK, MICH.

Location. At the highway bridge at Flat Rock, Mich., half a mile below the CKW&- 

ing of the Detroit, Toledo & Ironton Railroad.

Records available. August 6, 1904, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 1,000 square miles.

Gage. Staff; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from downstream side of bridge.

Artificial control. At ordinary stages the flow of the river is controlled by a dam 

and power plant immediately above the station, but the operation of this plant 

is assumed to have little effect on the diurnal fluctuations of stage.

Winter flow. Ice jams form below the station and cause backwater at the gage; 

in general the section above the station is kept open by the power plant.

Accuracy. Station was last inspected October 16, 1908. Records probably fair.

Cooperation. Station maintained in cooperation with the Eastern Michigan Edison Co., Washtenaw division, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Huron River at Flat Rock, Mich., for 1911. 

[C. L. Mettler, observer.]

Day.

1..... ..........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13. .............. 

14...............

15. ..............

16...............

17...............

18............... 

19............... 

20. ..............

21. ..............

22. ..............

23. ..............

24...............

25. ..............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

1.4

1.35

1.75

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.9

2.0

2.0

2.15

1.9

2.85 

2.8 

2.8

2.9

2.85

3

1

2.95 

3.0 

2.9,

2.7

2.65

2.35

2.7

2.55

2.6

2.9

3.5

4.15

4.15

4.0

Feb.

3.45

3.4

3.5

3.05

3.05

3.0

3.0

2.35

2.65

2.6

2.65

2.4 

2.8 

4.7

5.9

6.0

5 O

5.9 

6.3 

5.95

5.25

4.6

4.45

4.2

3.65

3.55

3.65

3.5

Mar.

3.25

3.5

2.9

2.55

2.55

2.4

2.5

2.35

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.05 

2.3

2.65

2.65

2.55

2.0

2.35

2 A

1.9

2 1 f*

2.05

2.25

1.9

1.95

2 A

1.65

1.9

2.15

2.1

Apr.

1.9

1.85

1.85

2.2

2.45

3.05

3.35

2.95

2.85

2.75

2.75

2.7 

2.7 

2.85

2.8

2

G

2.6 

2.55

3 fifi

4.6

4.4

3.85

3 AC

3.35

3.0

2.95

2

0

2.65

2

K.K.

May.

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.35

2.1

2.05

2.2

1.86

1.95

1.9 

1.75

1.45

1.1

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.45 

1.35

.95

1.4

1.2

1.25

1.05QK.

.95

.85

.8

.9

June.

0.9

1.0

.95

,95

1.15

1.85

1.95

1.6

1.55

1.7

1.55

1.55

1.75 

1.4

1.3

1.15

1 9£

1.25 

.9 

1.1

OK.

1.0 1.1

.95

1.0

.9

.95

.95

.9

July.

0.8

.8

.75

.8

.75

.75

.7

.75

.7

.65

.7

.6 

.65 

.6

.6

.65

.4

.5 

.7

.75

.6

.55

.55

.4

.3

.45

.4

.4

.4

.3

Aug.

0.35

.3

.6

.35

.4

.5

.75

.6

.45

.45

.4

~'".T"

.6

.45

.55

.. 5 

.5

.7

.65

45

.4

.4

.45

.4

.45

.7

.45

.4

.55

Sept.

0.5

.45

.4

.6

.5

.5

.4

.45

.45

.5

.9

.35 

.35 

.55

.6

.8

7e

.8 

.5 

.6

.75

.75

.6

.5

.4

.6

1.0

1.3

1.25

Oct.

1.3

1.3

2.3

2.0

1.9

1.85

2.15

2.2

2.3

2.45

2.4

2.25 

2.05 

2.0

2.0

2.1

2.15

1.95 

2.0 

1.9

1.9 i a

1.9

1.95

1.95

1.9

l a

1.8

1.8

1.65

1.9

Nov.

1.7

1.75

- 1.8

1.6

1.65

1.6

1.95

2.05

1.9

1.9

2.0

2.05 

2.2 

2.85

2.6

2.75

2.6

3.45 

4.3 

3.75

3 7

3 OK

3.35

3.25

3.3

3.0

2.4

3.25

3.75

3.65

Dec.

3.15

3.15

2.6

2.45

2.95

2.9

2.75

2.6

2.8

2.5

3.55 

3.45 

3.25

3.0

3.0

2 95

2.85 

3.0

2.8

2 OS

2

7c

2.75

2.75

2.5

2.6

^ ns

2.5

1.8

2.2

2.6

NOTE. Relation between gage height and discharge little, if at all, affected by ice during the winter.
ST. LAWK1HCE BXVEB BASIH. S9 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of-Huron River at Flat Rock, Mich.,for 1911.

Day.

I...............

2.. ..i. .........

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

13.. .............

13...............

14...............

16...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30. ..............

31...............

Jan.

312

302

391

379

356

356

427

452

452

490

427

682

668

668

697

682

757

712

727

697

639

625

542

639

597

611

897

880

1,090

1,090

1,040

Feb.

864

849

880

742

742

727

727

542

625

611

625

556

668

1,280

1,700

1,730

1,700

1,700

1,840

1,710

1,470

1,240

1,190

1,110

927

896

927

880

Mar.

802

880

697

597

597

556

583

542

529

503

477

464

529

625

625

597

452

542

497

452

427

490

464

516

427

440

452

368

427

490

477

Apr.

427

415

415

503

570

742

834

712

ADO

654

654

639

639

682

668

640

611

611

597

927

1,240

1,170

991

864

834

727

712

668

625

597

May.

583

611

611

611

583

542

477

464

503

415

440

427

391

323

250

356

334

334

323

302

261

220

312

270

280

240

220

220

202

192

211

June.

211

oon

220

99ft

260

415

440

356

345

37Q

345

345

391

312

291

260

280

280

211

250

- 220

230

250

220

230

211

211

220

220

211

July.

192

1Q9

183

1O9

183

183

174

183

174

166

174

, 157

166

157

157

166

124

140

174

183

157

148

148

124

109

132

124

124

124

109

Aug.

116

109

157

116

124

140

183

157

132

124

141

157

174

157

132

148

140

140

174

166

132

124

124

132

124

132

174

132

124

148

Sept.

140 1 09

124

157

140

140

124

132

140

211

116

116

148

157

192

183

192

140

157

183

192

183

157

140

124

157

230

291

280

Oct.

291

9Q1

*9Q

452

497

415

490

503

529

570

556

526

464

452

4_EO

477

490

440

452

427

427

427

427

440

440

427

427

403

403

368

427

Nov.

370

OQI

403

356

368

356

440

464

427

427

452

464

503

682

611

654

611

864

1,140

959

943

834

834

802

818

727

556

802

959

927

Dec.

fjn

611

570

712

697

654

611

668

583

fAfi

896

864

802

797

727

712

682

727

668

712

654

654

654

583

611

742

583

403

503

611

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a fairly well defined rating curve. Discharge interpolated for 

days on which gage was not read. No correction for effect of ice.

Monthly discharge of Huron River at Flat Rock, Midi., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,000 square miles.]

Month.

January. .......... .... ... .... ... ..

March..................................

May....................................

July....................................

December. .............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,090 

1,840 

880 

1,240 

611 

440 

192 

183 

291 

570 

1,140 

896

1,840

Minimum,

302 

542 

* 368 

415 

192 

211 

109 

109 

116 

291 

356 

403

109

Mean.

616 

1,050 

533 

702 

371 

275 

J156 

141 

164 

447 

638 

674

476

Per

square 

mile.

0.616 

1.05 

.533 

.702 

.371 

.275 

.156 

.141 

.164 

.447 

.638 

.674

.476

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.71 

1.09 

.61 

.78 

.43 

.31 

.18 

.16 

.18 

.52 

.71 

.78

6.46

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. ^ 

B. 

B. 

B. 

C.
40 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART IV.

CATTABATTGTTS CBEEK AT VEBSAILLES, N. Y.

Location. On a three-span highway bridge in the village of Versailles, about 6 miles 

below Gowanda, 2J miles above the mouth of Clear Creek (coming in from the 

right), and about 8 miles above the mouth of the stream.

Records available. September 23, 1910, to December 31, 1911. Data published 

also in annual reports of the State Water Supply Commission of New York, New 

York State Conservation Commission, and New York State engineer and surveyor.

Drainage area. 467 square miles.

Gage. Chain, fastened to the upstream side of the second span from the right-hand 

end of the bridge; read twice daily; datum unchanged.

Channel. Rock and gravel; considered permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the downstream side of the bridge.

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice.

Accuracy. Discharge curve not sufficiently developed to warrant the publication 

of table of daily discharge.

Cooperation. Station established by United States Geological Survey in cooperation with the State Water Supply Commission of New York.

Discharge measurements of Cattaraugus Creek at Versailles, N. Y. , in 1911.

Date.

Feb. 13«

Apr. 18

F

f!

Hydrographer.

J. Shuttleworth .......................... ^...........................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.55

5.90

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

542

928

o Ice along shore may have affected gage height.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Cattaraugus River at Versailles, N. Y.,for 1911. 

(James A. Palmer, observer.)

Day.

1..... .......... 

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7. ..............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26............... 

27...............

28...............

29................

30...............

31...............

Jan.

6.60 

8.40

7.60

6.60

6.30

5.98

6.00

6.00

6.30

8.40

8.40

7.70

7.20

7.10

7.35

6.35

6.05

5.88

5.92

5.92

6.10

6.10

6.00

5.60

5.70

5.75 

6.20

7.90

6.65

6.25

6.00

Feb.

6.00 

5.98

5.78

6.10

5.75

5.55

5.50

5.68

5.75

5.65

5.50

5.50

5.50

5-65

6.25

6.10

8.00

7.80

7.00

6.40

6.30

5.98

5.78

5.80

5.82

6.15 

6.70

6.10

Mar.

6.00 

5.85

5.70

5.58

5.45

5.55

5.35

5.55

5.62

6.80

6.30

7.40

6.50

6.80

6.90

6.50

- 6.30

6.00

5.88

i 02

6.00

6.55

S

on

5.82

6.30

7

KK

7 15

6.40

6.30

6.10

Apr.

5.85 

5.85

5.78

5.90

8.10

7.70

8.00

6.60

6.40

6.30

6.20

6.15

5.95

6.15

<\ QI

5.98

1 41

5.80

6.00

5.98

6.00

5 Qjr

S.82

5.62 

5.55

5.55

1 *H\

5.62

May.

6.85 

6. SO

6.00

5.78

5.65

5.55

5.52

5.48

5.42

5.42

5.48

5.22

5.1)0

5.42

5.38

5.38

5.32

5.35

5.68

6.10

i Aft

5.32

5

*>A

5.32

5.35

5.32

5.22

5.28

5.25

5.22

5.22

June.

5.30

5.28

5.30

5.22

5.30

5.30

5.22

5.20

5.22

5.20

5.20

5.20

5.20

1 90

5.18

5.12

5.10

5.10

5.10

5.10

5

f\K

5.00

5.15

5.15

5.10

5.12 

5.38

5.65

5.22

July.

5.18 

5.08

5.00

5.00'

5.00

5-00

5.22

5.08

5.05

5.10

5.12

5.08

5.00

5.00

4.95

4.95

5.00

5.30

5.08

i in

5.22

5.18

5.18

5.10

5.10

5.15 

5 10

5.10

5.12

5.10

5.00

Aug.

5.00 

5.00

5.05

6.05

5.70

5.58

5.25

5.72

5.35

5.30

5.15

5.10

5.10

5.10

5.05

5.55

5.35

i 91

5.15

5 AC

5.00

5.10

1 19

5.12

1 "V\

5.35

6 QC

7 fai

6.20

5.75

Sept.

5.65 

5.S5

5.45

5.32

5.32

7.05

7.20

7.70

6.15

5.78

i 7n

5.62

5.65

5.60

5.60

5.60

5.40

5.42

5.40

K Af\

5.32

5.32

5.32

5.22

5.48

5.38

c on

P; °.9

i °.n

5.38

Oct..

6.00

6.75

6.00

6.35

6.40

6.15

5.88

5.85

5.75

5.70

5.72

5.62

1 V)

5.52

5.55

5.52

5.62

5.60

e fin

5.52

5.42

5.62

5.65 i fin

5.62

K fZf\

5.40

5.48

Nov.

5.80 

5.72

5.60

5.52

5.50

5.52

6.00

6.50

5.90

5.68

i ?n

1 81

6.10

6.10

6.15

6.10

6.00

8

Af\

6.70

6.50

K At\

6.25

6.20

6.75

6.45

6.25 

6.10

6.10

7.05

6.70

Dec.

6.50

6.25

6.15

5 90

5.82

5.80

5.82

6.25

6.65

a en

6.55

7.96

7.00

7.10

6.75

6.65

6 45

6.10

5.88

K Qft

ft on

6.20

6.05

6.00 6 40

c no

6 45

6.05

6.00

NOTE. Some uncertainty exists regarding the extent of backwater from ice at this station. Ice jams 

were frequent,during January, and probably the relation of gage height to discharge was more or less 

affected by ice during the greater portion of February and March.
ST. LAWRENCE EIVEB BASIN. 41

STREAMS TRIBUTARY TO LAKE ONTARIO.

GENE SEE RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES.

GENESEE KIVEK AT ST. HELENA, N. Y.

Location. At the steel highway bridge about 6 miles above the mouth of Silver Lake 

outlet (coming in from the left), 9J miles above Canaseraga Creek (coming in from 

the right), and 5| miles below the village of Portageville and the site of the 

proposed storage dam of the State Water Supply Commission of New York.

Records available. August 14, 1908, to December 31, 1911. Published also in 

annual reports of the State Water Supply Commission of New York, 1910, report 

of the New York State engineer and surveyor, and First Annual Report of the 

Conservation Commission of New York.

Drainage area. 1,030 square miles.

Gage. Chain, fastened to the upstream side of the bridge, middle span; read twice 

daily; datum unchanged. Since August 24, 1911, a Gurley self-recording gage 

with intake pipe to the well a few feet downstream from the chain gage; datum 

same as chain gage, but slope of water surface makes readings different.

Channel. Gravel and rocks; considered permanent.

Discharge measurements. At high stages made from the bridge; at low and 

medium stages, either by wading or from the bridge.

Winter flow. Relation between gage height and discharge, usually but slightly 

affected by ice; determination of winter discharge considered good.

Accuracy. Discharge rating curve well defined and data as published considered 

excellent.

Cooperation. Established and maintained by the United States Geological Survey 

in cooperation with the State Water Supply Commission of New York.

Discharge measurements ofGenesee River at St. Helena, N. Y., in 1911.

Date.

Feb. 27<i

19

22

23&

Hydrographer.

C. 8. De Golyer. ..........................................................

W.G.Hoyt............ -........................................:........

W. G.Hoyt.... ..........................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.56

2.60

2.06

1.46

1.45

C2.30

Dis- - 

charge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,180

552

216

53.7

55.6

350

a Ice reduces discharge about 10 per cent.

6 Measurement made by wading above bridge.

c Automatic gage height 2.26 feet.
42 SURFACE WAf fife SUPPLY, 1011, PAST IV. -

Dcdlty gage height, injeet, ofGmesee Riser oJt St. Mekna, N. Y.tfo/r 1911.

(Chain gage.) 

[Herman Piper, observer.]

Day.

1.... ..................... ...........

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

IS

14....................................

15

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28. ...................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Jan.

4.50

5.20

7.20

5.20

4.30

3.65

3.70

3.70

3.70

3.35

3.50

6.00

5.20

5.40

6.60

4.80

4.20

3.80

3.80

3.60

3.50

3.65

3.20

2.88

2 01

2.90

3.35

7.10

5.20

5.10

4 00

Feb.

3.50

3.45

3.30

3.30

3.10

2.80

2.48

2.70

3.05

3.00

2.80

2.70

2.80

2.70

2.70

3.05

3.00

6.80

5.60

4.50

4.00

3.70

4.90

4.80

3.80

3.70

4.90

4.60

Mar.

3.80

3.70

3.40

3.10

2.78

3.05

3.10

2.80

2.90

4.00

5.10

6.00

6.10

5.70

5.60

4.20

4.00

3.90

3.30

3.50

3.35

4.50

5.70

4.40

3.75

4.30

7.00

6.70

4.80

4.30

4.00

Apr.

3.75

3.15

3.50

3.60

5.40

6.40

7.40

5.60

4.90

5.20

4.70

4.40

4.00

4.00

4.60

4.10

4.10

3.90

3.75

4.70

4.70

4.60

4.40

4.20

3.80

3.60

3.40

3.25

3.10

3.06

May.

3.30

4.40

3.80

3.50

3.25

3.10

3.00

3.40

2.76

2.70

2.75

2.70

2.70

2.50

2.44

2.45

2.50

2.55

2.80

2.80

2.70

2.60

2.49

3.30

2.95

2.55

2.42

2.41

2.22

2.08

2.26

June.

2.80

2.46

2.55

2.28

2.39

2.34

3.10

2.65

2.40

2.39

2,28

2.36 5:60

4.20

3.35

3.05

2.80

2.60

2.55

2.41

2.31

2.21

2.29

2.26

2.18

2.18

2.26

2.40

2.28

2.18

July.

2.11

1.95

1.98

1.96

1.76

1.88

1.84

1.85

1.58

1.61

1.76

1.51

1.80

1.80

1.68

1.60

1.82

1 Q4

1 Qfi

2 02

2.01

1 91

1.86

1.89

2.06

1.62

1.70

1.65 i Di

1.51

1.74

Aug.

1.71

1.74

1.72

1.86

2.60

2.06

2.70

2.06

1.96

1.80

1.70

1.75

1.58

1.82

1.50

2.42

2.18

2.05

2.08

1.72

1 95

1.72

1.70

1.68

NOTE. Gage heights Jan. 1 to Aug. 24 referred to chain gage. Effect of backwater from ice somewhat 

uncertain from January to March, but the relation of gage height to discharge was probably little affected 

by ice except Jan. 7 to 11,19 to 27, Feb. 23 to 26, and Mar. 6 to 7. Gage readings were to water surface. 

Probably no backwater from ice during December.

Daily gage heights, by automatic and chain gages, of Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y. } 

for Aug. 25 to Dec. 28, 1911.

Day.

1..... ..............

2...................

^..... ..............

t......... ..........

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

IB ..................

zo. .................

August.

Auto. Chain.

September.

Auto.

2.75 

2.59 

2.46 

2.36 

2.21

3.87 

3.71 

4.07 

3.36 

3.24

3.03 

2.90

2.94 

2.64 

2.50

2.55 

2.54 

2.41 

2.30

2.26

Chain.

2.80 

2.60 

2.55 

2.30

2.25

4.70 

3.70 

4.60 

3.45 

3.35

3.10 

3.00 

3.00 

2.70 

2.55

2.40 

2.55 

2.36 

2.36 

2.29

October.

Auto.

2.68 

4.14 

3.69 

3.40 

4.03

3.34

5.14 

4.31 

3.62 

3.29

3.21 

3.31 

3.10 

 2.90 

2.75

2.67 

2.59 

2.66 

2.92 

2.76

Chain.

2.79 

4.50 

3.65 

3.49

4.02

3.26 

5.66 

4.25 

3.69 

3.31

3.29 

3.36 

3.11 

2.94 

2.76

2.66 

2.64 

2.74 

3.00 

2.76

November.

Auto.

2.97 

2.94 

2.75 

2.64 

2.57

2.53 

2.88 

3.98 

3.48 

3.11

3.00 

2.93 

3.26 

3.22 

3.14

3.22 

3.12 

5.46 

4.36 

3.82

Chain.

3.10 

3.02 

2.81 

2.68 

2.61

2.59 

2.91 

4.10 

3.46 

3.18

3.08 

2.98 

3.54 

3.28 

3.21

3.21 

3.20 

5.24 

4.64 

4.18

December.

Auto.

3.44 

3.28 

3.17

2.96 

3.00

2.96

2.88 

2.92 

3.80 

4.02

3.68

4.18 

6.27

4.98 

4.88

4.85 

4.81 

4.12 

3.73 

3.40

Chain.

3.65 

3.35

3.28 

2.96 

3.09

2.89 

2.94 

3.01 

3.54 

4.14

3.82 

3.72 

6.60

5.26 

4.88

4.61 

5.05 

4.30 

3.82 

3.34
®S. LAWRENCE BIVBK BASIN. 43

Daily gage heights, % automatic <wd ehain gage^ of, Qmesep Riv&at St. Belena, Iff. Y., 

for Aug.. 8& to Dec. 28,1911 Coatimred.

Day.

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29 ...

30...................

31...................

August.

Auto.

1.81

1.96 

1.97 

3.72 

5.78 

3.86 

3.Q8

Chain.

1.75

1.96 

1.86 

3.60 

5.70 

3.65 

3.15

September.

Auto.

2.23

2.18 

2.15 

2.08 

2.11

2.11 

2,13 

2.09 

2.16 

2.59

Chain.

2.26 

2.20 

2.19 

2.16

2.11

2.16 

2.14 

2.08 

2.20 

2.70

October.

Auto.

2.64 

2.57 

2.56 

2.60 

2.54

2.45 

2.42 

2.41 

2.37 

2.36 

2.38

Chain.

2.68 

2.60 

2.62 

2.62 

2.55

2.49 

2.48 

2.49 

2.36 

2.45 

2.45

November.

£uto.

3.63 

3.43 

3.31

3.88 

3.79

3.49 

3.35

4.27 

4.84 

3.78

Chain.

3.66 

3.52 

3.36 

3.79 

3.94

3.59 

3.38 

3.76 

5.46 

4.05

December.

Auto.

3.31 

3.28 

4.11 

3.71 

3.38

3.32

3.83 

3.39

Chain.

3.38 

3.38 

4.22 

3.85 

3.46

3.29 

3.88 

3.52

2.84 

3.01 

3. IS

. For the purpose of comparison gage heights for Aug. 25 to Dec. 28 are published for both the 

chain and automatic gages. It should be noted that, as the mouth of the intake pipe to the automatic 

gage is located a few feet downstream from the chain gage, the gage readings do not agree exactly, owing 

to slope, and that the slope varies with the stage. The daily gage heights for the automatic gage are the 

mean or 24 readings taken at hourly intervals, intermediate 15-minute readings being neglected. The 

daily chain-gage readings are the mean of two readings which are usually taken at 8 a. m. and 5 p. m.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y., for 1911.

Day.

1....................................

2....................................

3....................................

4.. ..................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9..... ................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22....................................

23....................................

24....................................

25....................................

^........... .........................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Jan.

2,690

4,020

9,680

4,020

2,370

1,470

1,200

1,100

1,100

1,000

1,100

5,990

4,020

4,470

7,720

3,210

2,220

1,660

1,200

900

800

700

700

650

600

650

1,000

9,330

4,020

3,810

1,930

Feb.

1,300

1,250

1,100

1,100

916

663

433

587

872

828

663

587

663

587

587

872

828

8,340

4,950

2,690

1,930

1,530

1,200

1,100

1,000

1,000

3,400

2,860

Mar.

1,660

i nan

1,200

916

648

600

600

663

743

1,930

3,810

5,990

6,260

5,200

4,950

2,220

1,930

1 7Qfl

1,100

1,300

1,150

2,690

5,200

2,530

1,600

2,370

8 ct«n

8,030

3,210

2,370

1,930

Apr.

1,600

961

1,300

1,410

4,470

7,120

10,400

4,950

3,400

4,020

3,030

2,530

1,930

1,930

2,860

2,070

2,070

1 7Ofl

1,600

3,030

3,030

2,860

2,530

2,220

1,660

1,410 1 ^win

1,050

Qlfi

881

May.

1,100

2,530

1,660

1,300

1,050

916

. 828

1,200

625

587

625

587

587

446

408

414

446

480

663

663

587

514

440

1,100

786

480

396

389

287

225

307

June.

663

421

480

317

377

349

916

550

440

377

317

361

4,950

2,220

1,150

872

663

514

480

389

333

282

322

307

268

268

307

383

317

268

July.

237

178

188

182

121

156

144

147

77

83

121

63

132

132

100

81

138

175

182

203

199

165

150

159

218

$6

106

93

165

63

116

Aug.

108

116

no

150

514

218

687

218

182

132

105

118

77 too

61

396

288

214

218

110

178

110

105

100

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined discharge rating curve. Discharge for the 

periods during which relation of gage height to discharge was affected by ice Jan. 7 to 11,19 to 27, Feb. 28 

to 26, and Mar. 6 to 7 estimated from climatologic records and the discharge at Rochester.
44 SITEFAOE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, from automatic and chain gages, of Genesee River at St. 

Helena, N. Y.,for Aug. 25 to Dec. 28, 1911.

Day.

1.... ...............

2...................

3...................

4,. .................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

M... ................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

August.

Auto.

138

188 

192 

1,670 

5,860 

1.860 

961

1,550

Chain.

118

182 

150 

1,410 

5,200 

1,470 

961

1,360

September.

Auto.

663 

536 

446 

372 

297

1,870 

1,660 

2,180 

1,230 

1,110

907 

786 

820 

572 

473

507 

500 

414 

344 

322

307 

i277 

264 

233 

246

246 

307 

237 

268 

536

631

Chain.

663 

514 

480 

327 

302

3.030 

1,530 

2,860 

1,250 

1,150

916 

828 

828 

587 

480

383 

480 

361 

361 

322

307 

277 

273 

259 

237

259 

251 

226

277 

587

687

October.

Auto.

602 

2,280 

1,620 

1,280 

2,120

1,210

4,200 

2,560 

1,530 

1,160

1,080 

1,180 

970 

785 

663

595 

536 

587 

802 

671

572 

521 

514 

543 

500

440 

421 

414 

383 

379 

389

1,020

Chain.

655 

2,690 

1,470 

1,290 

1,960

1,060 

5,100 

2,300 

1,520 

1,110

1,090 

1,160 

925 

777 

633

558 

543 

617 

828 

633

572 

514 

529 

529 

480

440 

433 

440 

361

414 

414

1,030

November.

Auto.

846 

820 

663 

572 

521

493 

768 

2,040 

1,370

979

881 

811 

1,130 

1,090 

1,010

1,090 

988 

5,000 

2,640 

1,800

1,540 

1,310 

1,180, 

1,890 

1,750

1,380 

1,220 

2,500 

3,540 

1,750

1,450

Chain.

916 

846 

671 

572 

521

507 

752 

2,070 

1,260 

988

898 

811 

1,340 

1,080 

1,020

1,020 

1,010 

4,110 

2,930 

2,190

1,480 

1,320 

1,160 

1,650 

1,850

1,400 

1,180 

1,610 

4,610 

2,000

1,460

December.

Auto.

1,320 

1,150 

1,030

837 

881

837 

768 

802 

1,780 

2,100

1,610 

2,340 

7,300 

3,850 

3,620

3,560 

3,480 

2,250 

1,690 

1,280

1,180 

1,150 

2,240 

1,660 

1,250

1,190 

1,820 

1,260

1,830

Chain.

1,470 

1,150 

1,080 

794 

907

735 

777 

837 

1,340 

2,130

1,690 

1,560 

7.720 

4,150 

3,360

2,880 

3,620 

2,370 

1,690 

1,140

1,180 

1,180 

2,250 

1,720 

1,260

1,090

1,760 

1,360 

695 

837 

988

1,800

NOTE. Daily discharge Aug. 25 to Dec. 31 determined from a well-defined discharge rating curve based 

on measurements referred to the chain gage, the same rating curve being used for both sets of gage heights. 

The daily discharge was determined for the automatic gage record from the chain-gage rating by means of 

the following well-defined table of relation, which serves to reduce the automatic-gage readings to the corresponding chain-gage readings. Discharge Dec. 29 to 31 taken from chain-gage record; automatic-gage not 

running. Except for errors caused by diurnal fluctuations of stage and inaccuracies of observation, the 

determinations should be strictly comparable. The determinations referred to the automatic gage should, 

of course, be given preference.

Table for Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y., changing automatic to chain gage heights

for 1911.

Auto.

Feet. 

1.80 

1.90 

2.00 

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2,60

2.70

2.80

2.90

3.00

3.10

3.20

3.30

3.40

3.50

3.60

3.70

Chain.

1.81 

1.92 

2.02 

2.12

2.23

2.33

2.44

2.54

2.64

2.75

2.85

?95

3.06

3.16

3.27

3.37

3.48

3.58

3.68

3.79

Auto.

Feet. 

3.80 

3.90 

4.00 

4.10

4.20

4.30

4.40

4.50

4.60

. 4.70

 4.80

4.90

5.00

5.10

5.20

5.30

5.40

5.50

5.60

5.70

Chain.

3.89 

 4.00 

4.10 

4.20

4.31

4.41

4.52

4.62

4.72

4.83

4.93

5.04

5.14

5.24

5.34

5.45

5.56

5.66

5.76

5.87

Auto.

Feet. 

5.80 

5.90 

6.00 

6.10

6.20

6.30

6.40

6.50

6.60

6.70

6.80

6.90

7.00

7.10

7.20

7.30

7.40

7.50

7.60

7.70

Chain.

5.97 

6.08 

6.18 

6.28

6.39

6.49

6.60

6.70

6.80

6.91

7.01

7.12

7.22

7.32

7.43

7.53

7.64

7.74

7.84

7.95

Auto.

Feet.

7.80 

7.90 

8.00

Chain.

8.05 

8.16 

8.26
ST. LAWBENCE BIVEB BASIN.

Monthly discharge of Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,030 square miles.]

45

Month.

Feb......

Mar

May......

June.....

July......

Aug.. .. 

Sept. .. 

Oct.. .. 

Nov.. .. 

Dec.. ..

The year.

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

Automatic gage.

Day.

28 

8 

7 

18 

13

Aug.28

Hour.

9.15p.m... 

11.30 a. m. 

11.30 a. m. 

10.30 a. m. 

6 a. m. ....

9.15 p.m..

Crest 

heights.

Crest discharge.

r

i

i

i

7.92 

5.30 

6.08 

6.44 

6.70

7.92

12,600 

4,240 

6,210 

7,240 

8,030

12,600

Chain gage.

Day.

29 

6 

7 

29 

13

24- 

hour discharge.

9,680 

8,340 

8,980 

10,400 

2,530 

4,950 

237 

5,200 

3,030 

5,100 

4,610 

7,720

10,400

Minimum.

600 

433 

600 

881 

225 

268 

63 

61 

c233 

«379 

c493 

695

61

Mean.

Automatic 

gage.

o497 

631 

1,020 

1,450 

ol,830

ol,390

Chain

gage.

2,750 

1,570 

2,750 

2,670 

730 

662 

141 

452 

687 

1,030 

1,460 

1,800

1,390

Per

square 

mile.

2.67 

1.52 

2.67 

2.59 

.709 

.643 

.137 

6.482 

6.613 

6.991 

61.41 

61.78

61.35

Runoff 

(depth 

in 

inches 

on drainage 

area).

3.08

1.58 

3.08 

2.89 

.82 

.72 

.16 

.56 

.68 

1.14 

1.57 

2.05

18.33

Accuracy.

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. . B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

o Missing records Jan. 1 to Aug. 24 and Dec. 29 to 31 completed from chain gage record.

6 Computed from mean monthly discharge in automatic gage column.

c From automatic gage record.

NOTE. In computing the monthly mean for August and December, and the annual mean, the automatic gage records have been used as far as available, as they are considered preferable^ For comparison, 

the 24-hour maximum for the chain gage and the monthly means for the chain gage are presented in the 

table above for the period Aug. 25 to Dec. 31.

G-ENESEE RIVER AT JONES BRIDGE, NEAR MOUNT MORRIS, N. Y.

Location. At the highway bridge known as Jones Bridge, about "5 miles below 

the village of Mount Morris, 6 miles by river above the village of Genesee, If 

miles below the inflow of Canesaraga Creek (coming in from the right) and about 

If miles above the mouth of Beads Creek (coming in from the left).

Records available. May 22, 1903, to April 30, 1906; Aug. 12, 1908, to Dec. 31, 

1911. Published also in reports of State engineer and surveyor of New York, 

State Water Supply Commission of New York, and Conservation Commission 

of New York. .

Drainage area. 1,410 square miles.

Gage. Chain, fastened to upstream side of highway bridge; read twice daily; datum 

unchanged since established.

Channel. Clay; liable to shift, but measurements have shown it to be fairly permanent in recent years.

Discharge measurements. Made at all stages from footbridge erected on the 

outriggers of the bridge.

Winter flo-w. Relation between gage height and discharge for the winter months 

considerably affected by ice. Volume of flow during the winter months determined chiefly by comparison with the flow of the Geneeee at Rochester and 

at St. Helena.

Accuracy. Discharge curve well developed and data as published for open-water 

periods believed to be excellent. .

Cooperation. Established by United States Geological Survey in 1903 in cooperation with the State engineer of New York; reestablished in 1908 in cooperation 

with the State Water Supply Commission of New York.
46 SUBFACE WATBB SUPPLY, 1011, PAET IV.

Discharge measurements of Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near M&usnt Morris, N. Y.,

in 1911.

Date.

Mar. 15

30

Aug. 28

28

Hydrographer.

C.C. Covert. .............................................................

W. G.Hoyt..............................................................

C. S. DeGolyer...........................................................

height.

Feet. 

14.00

9.92

4.36

5.16

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

6,590

3,750

393

.814

Daily gage height, in feet, of Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y.,

for 1911.

[Elizabeth Trewer, observer.]

Day.

1. ..............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

11.4

12 4

22.3

18.6

14.1

13.2

13.1

13.2

12.8

12.4

11.8

15.0

20.1

19.5

22.3

19.4

16.3

14.8

13.9

"13.0

19 i

12.2

11.2

12 1

11.8

11.3

11.8

21.8

20.4 

15.4

13.7

Feb.

13.1

12.5

11.6

11.2

10.9

i6.4

9.4

9.5

9.8

17.8

22.4

18.5

16.6

15.1

14.6

14.5

14.4

14.2

14.4

14.0

Mar.

13.8

13.6

12.4

11.4

11.0

10.0

9.2

8.5

9.1

14.4

16.0

18.4

20.4

17.7

14.7

9

0

8.8

7.8

7.3

6.95

7.7

8.9

11.8

9.1

7.7

8.4

16.8

19.3

11.5 

9.8

8.8

Apr.

8.2

7.4

7.0

7-0

10.2

16.7

19.1

14.9

11.2

11.1

10.0

9.1

7.8

8.5

7.8

8.0

7.7

7.2

8.5

10.5

8.2

8.0

7.6

7.0

6.6

6.1

6.0

5.75 

5.75

May.

6.2

8.8

7.5

6.7

6.2

6.0

5.7

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.2

4.9

4.85

4 65

4.75

4.8

4.8

4.8

5.3

5.0

4.65

4.75

5.7

5.5

4.85

4.7

4.4

4.3 

4.15

4.05

June.

4.3

4.6

4.6

4.55

4.3

4.55

4.5

5.1

4.65

4.55

4.4

4.45

7.7

7-9

6.1

5.4

5.0

4.95

4.65

4.5

4.3

, 4.2

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.15

4.15

4.3

4.45 

4 1

July.

3.95

3.8

3.85

4.0

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.6

3.55

3.6

3.6

3.45

3.55

3.2

3.75

4.0

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.7

3.55

3.6

3.7

3.75

3.5

3.5

3.45 

3.5

3.5

Aug.

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.6

3.85

4.3

3.9

3.8

3.85

3.6

3.6

3.45

3.25

3.45

3.35

3.65

4.25

3.85

3.9

3.75

3.6

3.55

3.3

3.4

3.65

3.6

3.8

4.5

15.4

8.2

6.7

Sept.

5.5

4.95

4.75

4.5

4.35

6.5

7.8

8.6

6.7

5.9

5.7

5.4

5.5

5.1

4.8

4.7

4.85

4.55

4.5

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.15

4.05

4.0

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.15

4.4

Oct.

5.5

7.0

7.5

8.1

fi Q

6.6

8.0

6.9

6.4

6.2

6.0

6.2

5.8

5.4

5.2

5.0

5.0

5.2

5.4

5.2

5.0

4.85

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.55

4.51 

4.51

4.51

Nov.

5.1

5.5

5.2

5.1

4.76

4.8

4.95

7.4

6.5

5.8

5.4

5.4

6.0

6.0

5.8

5.7

5.7

8.5

10.4

7.6

7.1

6.6

6.2

6.6

7.7

6.7

6.4

6.8

1J.O 

8.0

Dec.

6.7

6.2

5.9

5.52

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.6

5.8

8.0

7.2

6.7

14.4

13.2

10.1

10.7

10.9

9.1

7.6

6.8

6.5

6.2

7.0

7.6

6.8

6.3

7.0

7.1

5.6 

6.7

7.1

NOTE. Gage heights at this station during each winter period greatly affected by backwater from ice 

terns. It is probable that the relation of gage height to discharge was affected from this cause from about 

Jan. 1 to about Mar. 11. Gage readings were probably to water surface .. Probably no backwater during 

December.
ST. LAWBENCE EIVEB

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Genesee River &t Jones Bridge, *&or Mount Morris,

N, Y., for 1911.

Day.

1.. .................

2...................

3...................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10...................

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...................

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...............:...

29...................

30...................

31...................

Mar.

3,000

2,400

1,900

1 1,500

1,200

1,000

900

QKA

1,000

2,500

5,000

10,300

11,900

9 720

7,320

3,260

2,920

2

070

1 O7ft

1,760

2,210

2 980

5,020

3,120

2,210

2,660

9,000

n nnn

4 CJVk

3,610.

2,920

Apr.

2,530

2,030

1,790

1,790

3,890

8,920

10,800

7,480

4,590

4,520

3,750

3,120

2,600

2,270

2,720

2,270

2,400

2,210

1,910

2,720

4,100

2,530

2,400

2 iiin

1,790

1,560

1,280

1 230

I

flQA

1,090

May.

1,340

2,920

2,090

1,620

1 340

1 o^n

1,060

960

oin

860

810 si n

665

642

552

598

620

620

620

Qfif\

710

ECO

598 i fifln

Qfin

642 575

450

410

352

318

June.

410

530

530

510

410

490

760

552

510

450

470

2,210

2

0JA

1,280

oin

710

688

552

490

410

370

370

370

335

352

352

410

470

335

July.

282

235

250

300

205

205

205

175

162

175

175

^112

162

112

Oft

220

300

205

205

205

205

162

17K

205

220

1 P>A

150

1QO

150 i <=f\

Aug.

175

175

150

175

250

410

265

235

250

175

175

138

90

138

112

1<¥i

390

250

265

220

175

162

100

125

190

175

235

490

T OCfk

2,530

1,620

Sept.

960

688

598

490

430

1,500

2,270

2,790

1,620

1,180

1,060

Qt fl

960

,760

620

575

642

510

490

410

370

370

352

318

300

335

335

335

352

450

Oct.

960

1,790

2,090

2,460

1,730

1,560

2,400

1,730

1,450

1,340

1,230

1,340

1,120

oifl

810

710

710

810

910

810

710

642

620

620

620

575

530

510

4CU

494

494

N6V.

760

960

810

760

602

620

688

2,030

1,500

1,120

910

&10

1,230

1,230

1,120

1,060

1,060

2,720

4,030

2,150

1,850

1,560

1,340

1,5CO

2,210

1,620

i 4ivt

1,670

4,450

2,400

Dec.

1,620

1,340

1,180

970

1,010

1,010

960

1,010

1,120

2,400

1,910

1,620

7,080

6,120

3,820

4,240

4,380

3,120

2,150

1,670

1,500

1,340

1,790

2,150

1,560

1,400

1,790

1,850

1,010

1,620

1,950

NOTE. Dally discharge determined from a well-defined discharge rating curve. Discharge Mar. 1 to 11 

estimated from the determination of discharge at St. Helena and at Rochester.

Monthly discharge of Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near Mount Morris, N. Y.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,410 square miles.]

Month.

January .................................

March...................................

April....................................

May.

June. ...................................

July....................................

August... ...............................

October. ................................

November ..............................

December. ...........................*...

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

11,900 

10,800 

2,920 

2,340 

300 

7,880 

2,790 

2,460 

4,450 

7,080

11,900

Minimum.

900 

1,090 

318 

335 

80 

90 

300 

494 

602 

960

80

Mean.

3,500 

2,200 

3,950 

3,120 

897 

637 

187 

577 

767 

1,070 

1,550 

2,150

1,710

Per

square 

mile.

2.48 

1.56 

2.80 

2.21 

.636 

.452 

.133 

.409 

.544 

.759 

1.10 

1.52

1.21

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

*2.86 

1.62 

3.28 

2,47 

.73 

.50 

v!8 

:47 

.61 

.88 

1.23 

1.75

16.50

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. Monthly discharge for January and February computed from the discharge at St. Helena snd 

Rochester, with due consideration of the relative drainage areas.
SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

GEKTESEE EIVEB AT BOCHESTEB, N. T.

Location. At the highway bridge known locally as Elmwood Avenue Bridge, at 

the north end of South Park, 3J miles above the center of the city of Rochester, 

3J miles below the mouth of Black Creek (coming in from the left), and 7J miles 

above the mouth of the river.

Records available. February 9,1904, to December 31,1911; published also in annual reports of the State engineer and surveyor, the State Water Supply Commission, and the Conservation Commission of the State of New York. Elevation of 

water surface, measurements, and records of flow of Genesee River at Rochester 

during flood stages, and low water previous to 1904, published in annual reports 

of the State engineer and surveyor, 1902-3->4, and in Water-Supply Papers 24, 

65, and 97.

Drainage area. 2,360 square miles.

Gage. Prior to 1910 a staff gage bolted to the downstream end of the first pier from 

the right-hand abutment was read once daily. From December, 1910, to December, 1911,mean gage heights computed from a Gurley recording gage in the pump 

house immediately below the bridge on the right-hand bank. Elevation of zero 

of gage, 506.848 Barge Canal datum and 245.591 Rochester City datum. Gage 

datum unchanged since installation of the station.

Channel. Gravel, smooth; considered permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from bridge at which the staff gage is located. 

Prior to 1904 measurements and elevations of water surface taken in conjunction 

with the water flowing over and around Johnson-Seymour dam in the city of 

Rochester.

Winter now. Affected by ice for short periods, although, as a rule, the channel is 

open.

Accuracy. Discharge rating curve well developed for all stages; published data 

considered good for periods of open water.

Cooperation. Maintained by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation 

with the New York State Barge Canal and the engineer department of the city 

of Rochester from 1904 to 1909; from December, 1909, maintained in cooperation 

with the State Water Supply Commission of New York.

Discharge measurements of Genesee River at Rochester, N. T*., in 1911.

Date.

Mar. 29

29

Apr. 1

14o

29

Sept. 21

Hydrographer.

W. G. Hoyt..............................................................

.... .do. ...................................................................

.....do...........:........................................................

C. S. DeGolyer................. ..........................................

W. G. Hoyt..............................................................

W.G.Hoyt.. ............................................................

as.

Feet. 

6.79

6.36

3.43

1.03

1.02

1.18

1.16

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

13,800

13,100

4,300

219

226

470

501

' Temporary earth dam below station caused backwater.
ST. LAWKEHrCE BWBB BASI2ST. <f9 

Daily gage Mgkt, in /«e£, q/" Gen&ee Rwer & iRoc&ester, N. T., for 1911.

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

6...............

6........'.......

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

4.55

3.62

4.08

4 99

6.15

3.82

2.88

2.65

9 7fi

9 Q1?

2.63

9 Qft

4.14

4.77

5 48

4.60

3.56

3.09

2.65

2.57

2.74

2.80

2 Aft

2.08

1.96

2.17

3.60

5.65

5.67 

4 50

Feb.

3.84

3.31

2.76

2.46

9 ^A

2.41

2.60

2.62

9 451

1 QQ

2.22

1 Ql

1 79

1.68

2.31

2 20

1.68

3 O9

5.50

6.07

4 66

3.71

3.21

2.89

2.76

3 04

4.40

4.94

Mar.

4.42

3.83

3

"V\

2.94

2

7C

9 Af\

2.04

9 no

9 RQ

4.29

5.34

6.43

6.83

6.65

5.56

3.84

3.37

3.13

2.95

3.09

3.32

4.55

4.76

3.51

3.17

3.84

6.46

6.56

5.24

Apr.

3.26

3.02

2.87

O fiA

3 AQ

6.37

6.67

6.60 A en

4 4f\

4.29

4.06

3.66

3.26

3.54

3.29

3.18

3.04

3.02

3.67

3.70

3.33

3.27

3.10

2.81

2.61

2.47

2.35

2.27

May.

2.28

2.48

2.57

2 EC

2 JO

2.24

9 Aft

1 93

1

07

1.84

1.68

1 29

1.4

1 70

1.75

1.74

1.72

1 7Q

1.74 i n

1.86

1.82

1.74

1.76

2.09

2.06

1.81

1.66

1.55

1.52

1.47

June.

1 49

1.52

1.56

1.57

1.58

1.77

1.70

I

QC

1 7Q

1.56

1 AQ

9 A3

3.05

2 AC

1 84

1.65

1.55

1 54

1.43

1.37

1.35 1 dn

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.4

July..

1 3

1.8

11 Q

1

O

I

n

1

O

1

0

1.4

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1 3

1.3 

1.8

Aug.

1.3

1 5t

1 5t

1 5t

1.8

1

O

1 9

1.2

1 9

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.06

1.02

.99

.99

1.01

1.01

1.03

2

01

4.11

2 fi9

Sept.

1.89

1.58

1.46:

1 »9 ,

I

fVJ -

1.29

2.11

2.33

9 fiO

9 5K>

1.93

1.83

1*67

1.68

1.52

1.40

1.33

1.31

1.32

1.19

1.16

1.15

1.13

1.10

1.05

1.08

1.08

1.07

1.09

1.10

Oct.

1.18

1.42

2.38

9 «(1

9 A<1

9 AR

2 1O

3.65

3.14

o fiA

2.07

1 QQ

2.04

1.89

1.73

1.59

1.53

1 48

1.46

1.62

1.59

1.51

1.43

1.42

1.43

1.42

1.45

1.36

1.33

1.27 

1.32

Nov.

1 34

1.56

1.75

1.64

1.56

1.47

1 ta

1.67

2 4Q

2.29

2.01

1.84

1 7S

2.00:

2.04

1.94

1.93

1 CU

3.56

3.63

2.82

2.55

2.35

2.22

2.53

2.74

2.44

2.27

2.65

3. 75 1

*

Dec.

2.87

2.44

0 -1Q

9 A1

1 85

1 84

1 '83

1.79

1.77

2.14

2.77

9 Wt

«.11

5.43

4.71

4.1«

4.10

4.00

3.32

2.79

2.36

2.28

2.36

3.01

2.86

2.46

2.40

2.68

2.31

1.64 

1.79

NOTE. Daily gage heights recorded on the automatic gage, except May 13 and June 26 to Aug. 21, wMeh 

were observed at 4 p. m. on the staff gage. Relation of gage height to discharge probably not materially 

affected by ice during the winter months. The gage heights July 8 to Aug. 28 were affected by an earth 

dam put in below the gage. The daily automatic gage heights are the mean of 24 records taken at iioaily 

intervals, intermediate 15-minute readings being neglected. There is probably no difference between the 

automatic and staff gage heights resulting from slope in water surface.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofGenesee River at Rochester, N. IT., for 1911.

Day.

1.... ...........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9................

10...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

Jan.

7,240

4,890

6,010

8,470

8,920

5,370

3,260

2,800

3,000

3,440

2 7fif»

3,460

6,160

7 Q7fl

7 Rfift.

9 840

7,380

4 740

3,700

2. 800

Feb.

5,420

4,180

3,020

2,430

2,140

2,340

2,700

2,740

2,370

1,580

2,000

1,510

1,180

1,120

2,160

1,960

1,120

3,540

9,900

11.600

Mar.

6,890

5,390

4,160

3,380

3,000

2,320

1,960

1,670

1,760

3,280

6,550

9,450

12,700

14,000

13,400

10,100

5,420

4,310

3,790

3.400

Apr.

4,070

3,540

3,240

3,100

5,060

12,500

13,400

13,200

7,940

6,840

6,550

5,960

4,980

4,290

4,070

4,700

4,140

8,900

3,590

3.540

May.

2,100

2

4AA

2,640

2,660

2,370

2,030 i 74n

1,500

1,400

1,360

1,120

599

730

1,280

1,220

1,210

1,180

1,200

1,210

1.200

June.

847

888

944

958

902

972

1,260

1,150

1,380

1,200

944

847

1,650

3,610

2,340

1,690

1,360

1,080

930

930

July.

610

610

610

610

500

500

500

390

540

540

540

490

490 dAn

440

440

440

ttAft

440

440

Aug.

340

VAf\

340

340

340

340

SMfl

9on

290

250

250

250

250

230

250

250

250

250

210

210

Sept.

1,440

972

795

634

577

599

1,800

2,190

2,880

2,000

1,500

1,340

1,100

1,120

888

730

646

622

634

490

Oct.

481

756

2,280

2,160

1,670

2,430

1,940

4,960

3,810

2,780

1,730

1,580

1,670

1,440

1,200

986

902

834

808

1,030

Nov.

658

944

1,220

1,060

944

821

834

958

2,480

2,120

1,620

1,360

1,270 i,m

1,670

1,510

1,500

1.510

4,740

4,910

Dec.

3,240

2,390

1,920

1,620

1,380

1,360

1,340

1,280

1,260

1,850

3,040

2,600

3,740

9,700

7,690

6,140

6,060

5,800

4,200

8,080

47883° WSP 304 12 4
50 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART W. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, ofGenesee River at Rochester, N. Y.,for 1911 Contd.

Day.

21...............

22...............

23.. .............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

9 Rdn

2,980

3,100

2,430

1 7dn

1,540

1,910

A San

10,400 

10,400 

7,100

Feb.

7,550

5,100

3,960

3,280

3,020

3,590

6 840

8,330

Mar.

3,700

4,200

7,240

7,830

4,620

3,870

5,420

12,800

13,100 

9,170 

6,620

Apr.

5,010

5,080

4,230

4,090

3,720

3,120

2,720

2,450

2,230 

2,090

May.

i ^on

1,330

1,210

1,240

1,760.

1,710

1,320

1,090

930

888

QO1

June.

Q1 A

769

fi(U

670

T*ft

500

Kf\f\

500

610 

730

July.

440

440

440

390

OQA

390

OJA

tlft

340 

340 

340

Aug.

91 ft

234

218

206

206

214

214

222

2,160 

6,090

2

7JA

Sept.

462

452

434

405

iff)

388

388

380

396 

405

Oct.

986

874

769

756

769

756

795

682

646 

577 

634

Nov.

3,140

2,600

2,230

2,000

2,560

2,980

2,390

2,090

2,800 

5,200

Dec.

2,250

2,100

2,250

3,520

3,220

2,430

2,320

2,860

2,160 

1,060 

1,280

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined discharge rating curve, except from July 8 to 

Aug. 28. For this period an approximate auxiliary curve has been used, constructed by means of two 

discharge measurements made Aug. 14 and comparisons with discharge at St. Helena and at Jones Bridge.

Monthly discharge of Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 2,360 square miles.]

Month.

April....................

May.....................

June................

July.....................

The year. .........

Maximum.

Day.

 29 

20 

29 

6 3-4 

14

30 

9 

8 

19 

14

Mar.2fr..

Hour.

11.30 a. m. 

6 a. m... ... 

2 a. m..... 

12 p. m....

All day... 

2.15 a. m..

2.15 a. m. . 

4.30 p. m. . 

Ip. m..... 

7p. m..... 

3p. m.....

2 a. m.. ...

Crest.

Feet. 

6.28 

6.41 

7.07 

6.89 

2.58 

3.44

4.63 

3.02 

3.89 

4.37 

5.66

7.07

Crest.

Sec.-ft. 

12,200 

12,600 

14,700 

14, 100 

2,660 

4,470 

«610 

7,460 

3,540 

5,540 

6,760 

10,400

14,700

Minimum.

Sec.-ft. 

1,540 

1,120 

1,670 

2,090 

599 

500 

340 

206 

362 

481 

658 

1,060

206

Mean.

Sec.-ft. 

5,130 

3,810 

6,310 

5,110 

1,450 

1,080 

458 

590 

901 

1,410 

2,060 

3,070

2,610

Per 

square 

mile.

Sec.-ft. 

2.17 

1.61 

2.67 

2.17 

.614 

.458 

.194 

.250 

,-382 

.598 

.873 

1.30

1.11

Runoff 

(depth 

in 

inches).

2.50 

1.68 

3.08 

2.42 

.71 

.51 

.22 

.29 

.43 

.69 

.97 

1.50

15.00

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

A. 

A.

A. 

A. 

C. 

C. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

o 24-hour maximum. 

CANASERAGA CREEK AT DANSVILLE, N. Y.

Location. At the highway bridge 1 mile due west from the village of Dansville, 

about 2,200 feet below the mouth of Mill Brook (coming in from the right) and 

about 22 miles above the mouth of the creek.

Records available. July 21, 1910, to December 31, 1911. Data published also in 

annual reports of State Water Supply Commission, State Conservation Commission, and State engineer and surveyor, State of New York.

Drainage area. Not measured.

Gage. Staff, bolted' to the downstream side of the left-hand abutment; read twice 

daily; datum unchanged.

Channel. Sand and gravel, liable to shift during high water.

Discharge measurements. At high stages made from the bridge; low-water 

measurements made by wading below the bridge.

Winter flow. The relation of gage height to discharge is affected by ice.

Accuracy. Discharge rating curve not sufficiently developed to warrant the publication of table of daily discharge.

Cooperation. Established by United States Geological Survey in cooperation with 

the State Water Supply Commission of New York.
ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN. 51 

Discharge measurements of Canaseraga Creek at Dansville, N. Y., in 1911.

Date.

Mar. 31

Hydrographer.

W.G.Hoyt.. ............................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.50

1.77

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

242

26.9

a Measurement made by wading above bridge.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Canaseraga Creek at Dansville, N. Y.,for 1911. 

[Floyd Harter, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

|7...............

8.... ....... ....

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18.. .... ......... 

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan. Feb.

2.33

3.40 

3.60

3.40

3.05

2.82

2.35

2.08

2.45

2.94

3.40

3.35

Mar.

3.20

3.20

2.95

2.78

2.88

2.80

2.55

2.58

2.78

3.15

3.40

3.90

4.20

4.20

3.45

3.15

3.30 

3.30

3.05

2.78

2.78

2.75

2.48

2.88

2.95

4.15

3.80

2.82

2.58

2.35

Apr.

2.18

2.05

2.10

2.12

3.08

3.05

3.85

3.40

2.92

2.82

2.72

2.45

2.60

2.48

2.32

2.45

2.40 

2.30

2.48

2.40

2.45

2.62

2.48

2.32

2.22

2.12

2.02

1.90

1.88

May.

2^32

2.55

2.42

2.32

2.28

2.20

2.12

2.15

2.12

2.02

2.02

1 OS

1.92

1.92

1.90

1.82

2.02

2.05 

1.92

1.92

1.95

1.92

1.95

2.05

2.18

2.08

1.98

1.95

1.82

.1.80

1.95

June.

2.18

2.18

2.05

1.98

2.10

2.08

1.98

2.02

1.92

1.90

2.05

2.28

2.18

2.05

1.95

1.88

"i."82"

1.80

1.82

1.88

1.82

1.80

1.82

1.80

1.88

2.02

1.92

1.80

July.

1.80

1.78

1.75

1.70

1.62

1.68

1.70

1.68

1.72

1.70

1.72

1.70

1.72

1.70

1.65

1.70

2.05

1.95

1.82

1.98

1.80

1.78

1.75

1.72

1.70

1.68

1.65

1.62

1.62

1.62

1.60

Aug.

1.60

1.60

1.62

1.82

1.73

1.70

1.68

1.72

1.68

1.60

1.68

1.60

1.62

1.60

1.80

2.10

1.88

1.98

1.88

1.72

1.70

1.72

1.72

1.80

2.02

1.88

1.72

2.45

2.50

2.22

2.20

Sept.

2.22

1.96

1.94

1.81

1.98

1.98

1.84

2.24

2.06

1.89

1.81

1 fifi

J.94

1.84

1.81

1.82

1.82

1.80 

1.88

1.86

1.79

1.78

1.81

1.85

1.84

1.91

1.82

1.84

1.92

1.96

Oct.

2.06

2.20

1.99

2.06

2.03

1.92

2.89

2.74

2.74

2.51

2.24

2.26

2.12

2.04

2.04

1.96

1.92

2.04 

1.94

1.88

1.89

1,96

2.01

1.92

1.94

1.88

1.99

1.96

1.92

1.95

2.14

Nov.

2.09

2.06

2.03

1.92

1.99

2.01

2.18

2.02

2.29

2.16

2.08

2 10

2.20

2.18

2.26

2.18

2.29

2.91 

2.59

2.50

2.31

2.24

2.18

2.25

2.21

2.19

2.18

2.14

2.39

Dec.

2.24

2.19

2.22

2.24

2.12

2.16

2.19

2.24

2.18

2.32

2.24

2.36

3.20

2.95

2.69

2.95

2.91

2.69 

2.64

2.29

2.11

2.20

2.59

2.62

2.49

2.39

2.81

2.58

2.41

2.44

2.75

NOTE. No information regarding backwater from ice at this station.

KESHEQUA CREEK AT SONYEA, N. Y.

Location. On the second highwsfy bridge in the village of Sonyea, 4J miles above 

the junction of Canaseraga Creek and about 4 miles downstream from Tuscarora.

Records available. July 22, 1910, to December 31, 1911. Data also in annual 

reports of State Water Supply Commission, New York State Conservation Commission, and State engineer and surveyor, State of New York.

Drainage area. Not yet determined. 

G-age. Staff, fastened to a pile on the right bank directly back of and across from 

the Craig Colony power house; used for low-water readings. Chain gage installed 

October 25,1910, on upstream side of second bridge; used for high-water readings. 

Gage read twice daily. The zeros of these gages are not set at the same datum.

Channel. Sand and gravel; liable to shift at high stages.

Discharge measurements. At high stages made from either bridge; at low stages 

made by wading.

Winter flo-w. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice.
52 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 19U, PAET IV.

Accuracy. Discharge rating curve not sufficiently developed to warrant publication

of table of daily discharge. 

Cooperation. Established by United States Geological Survey in cooperation with

State Water Supply Commission of New York.

Discharge measurements of Keshequa Creek at Sonyea, N. Y., in 1911.

Date.

Mar. 15

31

Hydrographer.

C. C. Covert..............................................................

W.G.Hoyt... ...........................................................

Gage 

height."

Feet. 

64.18

«3.70

<*3.00

Discharge.

Sec.-fl. 

207

70

5.9

a Chain gage.

6 Gage height at staff gage, 1.86.

c Gage height at staff gage, 1.39. 

d Gage height at staff gage, 0.73.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Keshequa Creek at Sonyea, N. Y.,for 1911. 

[Elmer E. Reynolds, observer.]

Day.

1. .........

2..........

3. .........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8. .........

9...........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13...........

14...........

15..........

16...........

17..........

18..........

19...........

20..........

21..........

22...........

23...........

24...........

25..........

26...........

27.. .........

28... ........

29

30..........

31..........

Feb.

5.40

5.35

4.75

3.90

3.80

3.80

3.82

3.78

3.68

4.25

4 50

3.85

Mar.

3.70

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.50

3.45

3-50

3.65

4.55

4.85

5.10

4.65

4.50

4.20

3.95

3.70

3.65

3.68

3.70

3.70

3.98

3.88

3.82

3.70

3.72

4.80

4.18

3

OO

3.85

3-75

Apr.

3.72

3.65

3.75

3.70

4.70

4.40

4.30

3.98

3.95

3.92

3.85

3.70

3.62

3.60

3.58

3.55

3.58

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.60

3.58

3.55

3.55

3.55

3

t;n

3 An

3.35

May.

3.58

3.68

3.68

3.58

3.48

3.40

3.48

3.45

3 40

3.35

3.35

3.35

3.28

3.25

3.25

3.28

3.25

3.25

3.20

3.15

3

19

3.18

3

cn

3.35

3.30

3 1ft

3.10

3 no

3.02

June.

3.18

3.20

3.20

3.12

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.10

3.05

3.05

3.05

3.10

3.32

3.20

3.15

3.05

3.05

3.00

2.98

3.00

3.00

3.00

3 00

2.98

2.92

2 on

3.05

2 95

2.95

July.

2.95

2.90

2.95

2.98

2.88

2.92

3.00

3.02

2.98

2.92

2.95

2.95

2.92

2.85

2.90

2.88

3.28

3.20

2.98

2.95

2.98

3.00

3.00

2 Qft

2.95

3.00

3.00

3.00

2

OC*

2.85

2.88

Aug.

2.90

2.88

2.92

3.12

3.00

2.95

3.00

2.98

2.95

2.92

2.95

2.92

2.88

2.88

2.92

2.95

2.98

2.95

2.95

2.92

2.90

2.90

2.85

3.02

3.08

3.00

3.35

3 OK

3 ^fl

3.08

Sept.

3.05

2.98

2.95

2.98

3.00

3.25

3.12

4.55

4.50

3.90

3.38

3.45

3.38

3.20

3.20

3 OK

3.00

3.00

3.02

2.98

2.98

9 OR

3.00

9 OR

2.92

3.00

3

AO

3.05

3 ftR

3.20

Oct.

3.15

3.45

3.20

3.18

3.15

3.15

4.18

3.50

3.42

3.30

3.40

3.42

3.40

3.32

3.20

3.20

3.15

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.20

3.25

3.22

3.20

3.18

. 3.15

3.15

3

1 j3.15

3.22

Nov.

3.20

3.18

3.15

3.15

3.15

3.20

3.42

3.50

3-52

.45

3.35

3.35

3.38

3.35

3.35

3 40

3.42

4.15

4.35

3.50

3.50

3

K(\

3.50

4.52

4.05

3.50

3.45

3-52

3 T(\

3.45

Dec.

3.40

3.42

3.32

3.25

3.20

3.35

3.35

3.45

3.52

3.55

3.55

3.88

4.75

3.95

4.10

3.95

4.02

3.75

3.55

3.35

3.35

3.38

4.08

3.58

3.45

3.45

3.90

3.60

3 4K

3.45

3.45

NOTE. No information available regarding backwater from ice at this station. All eage readings for 

1911 made with the chain gage except those from Mar. 4 to 16. which were made with the staff gage and 

reduced to the corresponding chain gage readings by means of a curve of relation between the two gages.

CANADICE LAKE OUTLET NEAR HEMLOCK, N. Y.

Location. In outlet at foot of lake. Canadice Lake is tributary to Genesee River

through Hemlock Lake outlet and Honeoye Creek. 

Records available. April, 1903, to December 31,1911. Data also found in annual

reports of the New York State engineer and surveyor and the reports of the city

engineer of Rochester, N. Y.

Drainage area. 12.6 square miles, of which 0.7 square mile is lake surface. 

Gage. Hook gage; in channel above gate..
ST. LAWEENCE EIVEE BASI23V 53

Discharge measurements. Outlet is measured over a standard, thin-edged weir 

with a 5-foot crest and two-end contractions, so arranged with needle timbers at 

the ends that the length may be increased to 14.96 with no end contractions during 

high water. The weir crest stands 3 feet above the stream channel and is never 

submerged by backwater. Two additional rectangular gates, each 1 foot square, 

with three complete contractions and a forth partial contraction at the bottom, 

afford by-passes during high water. The depth of water on the weir is read each 

morning to hundredths of a foot by means of the hook gage, Each change of 

the gates ia also noted. Corrections are made for velocity of approach for the 

higher stages. All computations are made by the Francis formula.

Diversions. No water is diverted from Canadice Lake above the station.

Artificial control. The outflow of the lake at the dam above the weir is controlled 

by the gates.

Winter flow. The pool above the weir is free from ice throughout the winter.

Accuracy. The observations and computations are made by engineers of the city 

engineer's office of Rochester, N. Y., under the direction of E. A. Fisher, city 

engineer, and John F. Skinner, principal assistant city engineer. They are considered excellent.

Monthly discharge of Canadice Lake outlet near Hemlock, N. Y.,for 1911.

[Drainage area, 12.6 square miles.]

Month.

Much... ... ......

April...................................................

July...................................................

December . .... ....... .....

Discharge in secondfeet.

Mean.

4.966 

5.566 

9.859 

10.540 

3.987 

4.183 

3.859 

3.662 

3.643 

3.781 

4.153 

4.281

5.2066

Per square 

mile.

.394 

.442

.782 

.836 

.316 

.332 

.306 

.291 

.289 

.300 

.330 

.340

.413

Run-Off 

(depth in 

inches on

drainage 

. area).

0.45 

.46 

.90 

.93 

.36 

.37 

.35 

.34 

.32 

.35 

.37 

.39

5.59

Mean 

elevation

of lake 

above 

low 

water.

1.529 

1.828 

2.210 

2.489 

2.411 

2.402 

1.905 

1.211 

0.959 

0.816 

0.701 

1.152

1.6344

TRIBUTARY TO OSWEGO RIVER. 

ONEIDA EIVEB AT CATJGHDENOY, N. Y.

Location. At Caughdenoy, about 6 miles above the old Euclid station at Oak 

Orchard State dam, half a mile below the mouth of Caughdenoy Creek (which enters 

from the north) and 5 miles below Lake Oneida.

Records available. August 30, 1902, to December 31, 1909 (at Euclid); January 

1,1910, to December 31,1911 (at Caughdenoy, which replaces the Euclid station). 

Data published also in annual reports of New York State Engineer and Surveyor.

Drainage area. 1,377 square miles.

Gage. Staff, about 150 feet upstream from the dam, on the right-hand side of the 

stream.

Discharge measurements. Discharge measured over a masonry dam 415 feet 

long, completed at Caughdenoy 4uring the summer of 1909. Thi& dam has-a practically level crest at elevation 369.4 feet, and an ogee cross section with a. slop* or 

batter on the upstream portion of the crest of 1 foot rise in 2 feet horizontal width, 

downstream part of the crest is rounded, with a radius of 3.24 feet. The- dis-
54 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAET .IV.

charge over the dam has been computed from formulas derived from United States 

Geological Survey experiments on a dam of ogee cross section similar in form, and a 

correction has been made for velocity of approach.

Diversions. During the summer, and also to some extent during the winter, 

water is diverted past the left-hand end of the dam through the Caughdenoy lock. An 

estimate of the amount of water so diverted has been made and included in the calculated discharge of the river.

Cooperation. Station maintained and records furnished by New York State 

engineer and surveyor.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oneida River at Caughdenoy, N. Y.,for 1911.

Day.

1... ............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9................

10...............

11...............

12... ............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21..............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30............... 

31...............

Jan.

1,776

1,824

2,072

2,278

2,278

2,463

2,410

2,278

2,198

2,463

2,410

2,278

2,330

2,463

2,410

2,463

2,463'

2,463

2,463

2,410

2,072

2,072

2,122

2,198

2,198

2,072

2,021

2,021

2,122

1,566 

2,384

Feb.

2,384

2,330

2,278

2,384

2,278

2,224

2,330

2,198

2,072

2,021

1,945

1,824

1,872

1,945

1,824

1,776

1,703

1,566

1,566

1,703

1,621

1,621

1,703

1,703

1,776

1,824

1,824

1,872

.......

Mar.

1,566

1,621

1,703

1,703

1,621

1,703

1,566

1,621

1,776

1,824

1,872

1,945

2,021

2,122

2,330

2,463

2,384

2,330

2,278

2,330

2,384

2,490

2 <ton

2,545

2,545

2,490

2,490

2,922

3,570

4,584 

4,506

Apr.

4,815

4,779

4,887

5,322

5,395

6,004

6,237

6 -drtft

6,839

7,126

7,253

7,337

7,337

7,253

7,126

7,126

7,003

7,003

6,962

7 085

6,921

6,839

6,798

6,584

6,082

5,927

5,850

5,696

5,620

5,468

May.

5,468

5,432

5,322

5,322

£,248

4,887

4,740

4,389

4,188

4,154

3,728

3,633

3,506

3,411

3,258

3,106

3,069

2,737

2,710

2,737

2,490

2,072

1,921

1,703

1,621

1,512

1,485

1,430

1,457

1,566 

1,282

June.

1,324

1,219

1,282

1,324

2,922

2,774

2,545

2,490

2,384

1,566

1,512

1,457

1,324

1,282

1,324

1,512

1,566

1,566

1,430

1,409

1,119

1,199

1,324

1,199

1,282

1,219

1,219

1,240

1,199

1,240

July.

1,219

1,219

1,219

1,119

926

659

926

1,019

926

926

832

659

746

832

832

746

711

832

1,019

746

746

832

832

926

926

832

746

832

832

711 

659

Aug.

659

659

711

832

711

711

746

659

412

344

480

412

412

412

385

344

283

307

283

344

344

259

283

283

307

307

344

440

480

466 

746

Sept.

711

659

570

570

659

412

570

832

832

746

711

746

832

926

926

832

926

746

1,019

746

746

746

746

746

746

711

570

480

412

Oct.

4sn

412

659

480

659

832

888

832

888

1,019

926

746

832

926

1,019

1, 119 . 1,019

1,019

926

1 110

1,324

1,282

1,324

1,324

1,367

1,324

1,324

1,282

1,282

1,219 

1,219

Nov.

1,219

746

1,119

1,324

1,324

1,430

1,324

1,119

1,945

1,566

1,703

1,566

1,324

2,072

1,824

1,703

1,824

2,122

1,824

2,198

2,463

2,600

2,737

2,737

2,655

2,811

2,737

2,811

2,436

2,774

Dec.

2,737

2,682

2,737

2,737

2,600

2,600

2,490

2,545

2,436

2,737

2,878

2,922

3,106

3,106

3,728

3,728

3,891

4,054

4,054

4 054

4,054

3,956

4,222

4,088

4,288

4,356

3,411

3,258

3,411

3,633 

3,924

Monthly discharge of Oneida River at Caughdenoy, N. T., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,377 square miles.]

Month.

May.........................................

July.........................................

September...................................

November. ..................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,463 

2,384 

4,584 

7,337 

5,468 

2,922 

1,219 

832 

1,019 

1,367 

2,811 

4,356

7,337

Minimum.

1,566 

1,566 

1,566 

4,779 

746 

1,119 

659 

259 

.412 

*412 

746 

2,436

259

Mean.

2,227 

1,935 

2,316 

6,369 

3,212 

1,548 

871 

465 

723 

1,002 

1,935 

3,368

2,164

Per

square 

mile.

1.62 

1.41 

1.68 

4.63 

2.33 

1.12 

0.633 

0.338 

0.525 

0.728 

1.41 

2.45

- 1.573

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

1.87 

1.47 

1.94 

5.17 

2.69 

1.25 

0.730 

0.390 

0.586 

0.839 

1.57 

2.82

21.325
ST. LAWRENCE EIVEB BASIN. 55

SALMON RIVER AND TRIBUTARIESSALMON EIVEE AT STILLWATEE BEIDGE, NEAE EEDFIELD, N. T.

Location. On Stillwater highway bridge 6J miles by road east of Altmar, one-fourth 

mile above the proposed dam of the Ontario Power Co., seven-eighths mile below 

Pennock Brook (coming in from the right), and 7 miles below the mouth of North 

Branch (coming in from the right).

Records available. June 24 to Dec. 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 191 square miles. 1

Gage. Ohain, attached to upstream side of bridge; datum unchanged since established.

Channel. Small stone and gravel.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge or by wading.

Accuracy. Conditions for making measurements are good and records should be 

excellent.

Cooperation. Station established by United States Geological Survey in cooperation with David R. Cooper, of Niagara Falls, N. Y., and State of New York 

Conservation Commission.

Discharge measurements of Salmon River at Stillwater Bridge, near RedfieM, N. Y., in

1911.

Date.

May 20

Sept. 16a

Oct. 86

19

Nov. 8

13c

15

21

Dec. 12/

Hydrographer.

C. S. DeGolyer.. .........................................................

G. H. Canfield.. ..........................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

C.S. DeGolyer...........................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.92

1.92

2.44

4.07

4.50

4.98

6.07

d4.38

e4.34

37.66

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

386

138

259

752

Q77

1,300

2,150

977

933

3,860

o Made by wading about 200 feet downstream from bridge.

6 Bottom of weight held at 0.2 and 0.8 depth; discharge corrected by coefficient of 0.94 obtained from 

vertical velocity curves. '

c Measurement made only to station 80 on bridge; remainder of discharge computed on basis of percentage 

of total discharge at station 80 obtained from other measurements.

<* Staff gage below dam =1.74.

t Staff gage below dam =1.70.

/ Measurement made by 0.2 and 0.8 depth method, but was not computed on this basis because the high 

velocities with insufficient weight made meter swing downstream. Discharge computed using velocity 

at 0.2 depth with coefficient of 0.85 obtained from vertical velocity curves.

g Staffgage below dam =3.77.

NOTE. Angle of normal to bridge to current 

urements made at bridge.

=20°. A coefficient of 0.94 applied to discharge of all measDaily gage height, in feet, of Salmon River at Stillwater Bridge, near Redfield, N. Y.,

for 1911.

[C. A. Hall, observer.]

Day.

1............................................

2............................................

3............................................

4............................................

5............................................

6............................................

7............................................

8............................................

9............................................

10............................................

June. July.

2.45

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.84

1.8

1.74

1.7

1.62

1.65

Aug.

1.62

1.6

1.58

1.6

1.62

1.62

1.6

1.61

2.3

1.92

Sept.

2.0

1.92

1.89

1.76

1.68

3.6

4.1

2.95

2.65

2.65

Oct.

2.2

2.8

2.65

3.5

4.7

4.2

4.6

4.1

3.6

, 3,2

Nov.

4.0

3.6

3.2

3.0

2.9

2.8

4.0

4.8

4.4

4.3

Dec.

4.4

4.0

3.8

3.7

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.1

3.9

5.4

i Measured by engineers of Ontario Power Co. from topographic maps.
56 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY^ 1911, PABT IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Salmon Riv0r at Stillwater Bridge, near

for 1911 Continued.

Day.

11............................................

12............................................

13............................................

14............................................

15............................................

16. ...........................................

17............................................

18............................................

19............................................

20

21............................................

22. ...........................................

23............................................

24. ...........................................

25............................................

26. ...........................................

27............................................

28............................................

29..,-..-....-......-.-..-..-...............-.-

30Q-]

June.

1.92

1.85

1.82

3.8

6.0

4.2

2.85

July.

1.74

1.86

1.82

1.69

1.65

1.65

2.6

3.8

2.6

2.15

2.0

1.86

1.76

1.95

2.1

1.88

1.79

1.74

1.69

1.66

1 64

Aug.

1.8

1.78

1.7

1.68

1.62

1.78

1.71

1.65

1.76

1.79

1.7

1.6

1.58

1.59

1.59

1.68

1.65

1.91

2.8

2.3

2 A

Sept.

2.3

2.45

2.6

2.35

2.2

2.5

2.35

2.2

1.92

1.85

1.82

2.2

2.4

2.2

1.99

1.92

1.89

2.25

2.25

2.35

Oct.

2.9

2.7

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.26

2.16

3.6

4.5

3.9

3.5

3.2

4.1

4.0

3.6

3.2

3.0

3.1

2.9

2.75

2.8

Nov.

4.0

3.8

5.6

4.9

4.4

4.0

3.8

4.4

5.1

4.7

4.4

4.0

4>.0

3.8

3.6

3.5

3.9

3.4

5.0

4.8

Dec.

6.0

7.7

9.0

6.6

5.2

4.9

5.7

5.0

4.2

3. 8

3,9

3.6

5.2

4.9

4.2

3.9

4.4

4.3

4.1

3.9

3.5

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Salmon River at Stillwater Bridge, near Redfield, N. Y.,

for 1911.

Day.

1.... ........................................

3............................................

4............................................

5............................................

6...........................................'

7............................................

8............................................

9............................................

10............................................

11........ ....V. .............................

12............................................

13............................................

14............................................

15............................................

16............................................

17............................................

18............................................

19............................................

20............................................

21.................................... -.......

22............................................

23............................................

24............................................

25............................................

26............................................

27............................................

28.... ...A............... ....................

9Q

30..........-..--.....-..-....-..--..-.-..-.-. si^.... .......................................

June.

139

125

119

685

2,080

860

366

July.

262

200

155

135

123

115

103

95

79

85

103

127

119

93

85

85

300

685

300

188

155

127

107

145

177

131

113

103

93

87

83

Aug.

79

75

71

75

79

79

75

77

225

139

115

111

95

91

79

111

97

85

107

113

95

75

71

73

73

91

85

137

352

225

155

Sept.

155

139

133

107

91

605

815

395

312

312

225

262,

300

238

200

275

238

200

139

125

119

200

250

200

153

139

133

212

212

238

Oct.

200

352

312

570

1,120

860

1,070

815

605

470

380

325

275

250

225

2J.2,

191

605

1,020

725

570

470

815

770

605

470

410

440

380

338

352

Nov.

770

605

470

410

380

352

770

1,180

960

91Q

685' 770

1,740

1,240

960

770

685,

960

1 ISO

1,130

960

770

770

685

605

570

725

535

1,310

1,180

Dec.

960

770

685

645

535

535

470

440

725

1,580

%Q80

3,870

5,550

2,650

1,440

1,^40

. 1,120

1,310

860

685

725

605

1,440

1,240

860

725

960

910

815

725

570

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined discharge rating curve.
ST. LAWRENCE BIVEB BASIN.

Monthly dtiduntge of Salmon River at StUlwater Bridge, near R«$field> N. T.t for"19ll. 

[Drainage area, 191 square miles.]

, Month.

June MrSQ.... ..........................

July...............*.....................

December. ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

2,080 

686 

352 

815 

1,120 

1,740 

5,550

Minimum.

119 

79 

71 

91 

191 

352 

440

Mean.

625 

153 

110 

237 

523 

841 

1,240

Per 

square 

mile.

3.27 

.801 

.576 

1.24 

2.74 

4.40 

6.49

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.85 

.92

.66 

1.38 

3.16 

4.91

7.48

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

SALMON RIVER AT PULASKI, N. Y.

Location. At a, highway bridge known locally as Fox's bridge, about 2J miles above 

the village of Pulaski, 2J miles above Trout Brook (coming in from the left) and 

6J miles above the mouth of the river.

Records available. Sept. 5, 1900, to June 30, 1907; Aug. 16, 1908, to Dec. 6, 1908; 

July 14, 1910, to Dec. 31, 1911. Published in reports of the New York State 

engineer and surveyor, New York State Water Supply Commission, and Conservation Commission of the State of New York.

Drainage area. 264 square miles.

Gage. A vertical staff attached to the upstream end of the center pier of the bridge 

was read from Sept. 5,1900, to the winter of 1901-2, when it was destroyed by ice. 

On July 23,1902, a chain gage was installed the zero of which is 1.20 feet below 

the original staff gage zero. Datum of chain gage unchanged since established.

Channel. Gravel; fairly permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made either by wading or from the bridge.

Winter flo-w. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice.

Accuracy. Open-water curve well developed. Published data considered good.

Cooperation. Maintained in cooperation with the State engineer and surveyor of 

New York prior to 1910, in cooperation with the State Water Supply Commission 

of New York beginning July 14. 1910.

Disehaege measurements of Salmon River at Pulasiki, N^ Y., in 1911.

Date.

Apr. 11

21 May 15

22

Sept. 17«

17a

Nov. 21

Dec. 12

14

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

G. H. Canfield........... .................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

height.

Feet. 

5.56

5.99

3.11

3.00

2.78

2.88

2.91

4.00

5.87

5.77

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 3,450

4,690

416

843

226

274

285

1,170

4,190

4,040

Measurement made by wading at bridge.
58 SUBFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Salmon River at Pulaski, N. T.,for 1911. 

[Seymour Fox, observer.]

Day.

1.. .........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25. ..........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29..........................:

30...........................

31...........................

Apr.

4.05

1 70

4.05

4.85

6.20

6.20

5.80

5.60

5.60

5.70

5.90

6.50

7.10

6.30

5.40

5.20

5.30

5.60

5.80

5.30

4.95

4.75

5.50

5.60

5.50

5.40

5.50

5.40

May.

5.60

6 <tfl

5.20

4.35

4 05

3.85

3.85

3.75

3.70

3.60

3 AR

3.36

3.24

3.14

3.09

3.04

3.02

2.96

2.96

3.19

3.09

2.96

2.92

3.16

3.22

3.09

2.92

2.84

2.79

2.72

2.69

June.

3.06

3.29

3.02

2.86

3.65

4.70

3.90

3.75

3.24

3.09

2.94

3.65

3.85

3.50

3.19

3.06

2.96

2.84

2.79

2.74

2.64

2.69

2 74

' 2.68

2.65

2.65

3.95

5.40

4.00

3.65

July.

3.15

2.95

2.80

2.72

2.62

2.60

2.60

2.55

2.50

2.50

2.50

2.65

2.60

2.52

2.48

2.50

3.05

4.00

3.32

2.90

2.80

2.70

2.60

2.62

2.78

2.68

2.62

2.55

2.55

2.50

2 50

Au£.

2.45

2.45

2.40

2.45

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.48

2.75

2.60

2.58

2.50

2.45

2.45

2.50

2.48

2.45

2.52

2.45

2.42

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.40

2.42

2.42

2.58

3.10

2.95

2.78

Sept.

2.70

2.65

2.60

2.60

2.50

4.20

4.05

3.40

3.22

3.18

2.95

2.90

2.90

2.85

2.80

2.95

2.90

2.79

2.66

2.62

2.59

2.79

2.94

2.82

2.72

2.64

2.64

2.76

2.86

2.84

Oct.

2.84

2.94

3.04

3 1Q

4.10

3.85

4.10

3.95

3 44

3.29

3.14

3.04

2.96

2.86

2.82

2.74

2.76

3.32

4.05

3.65

3.42

3.39

3.60

3.75

3.44

3.29

3.14

3.14

3.14

3.04

3.09

Nov.

3.65

3.49

3.26

3.16

3.12

3.04

3.90

4.40

3.95

3.60

3.65

3.52

4.90

4.35

4.05

3.80

3.34

4.05

4.40

4.15

4.00

3.75

3.55

3.55

3.50

3.50

3.45

3.48

4.55

4.35

Dec.

4.05

3.85

3.55

3.32

3 An

3.40

3.30

3.30

3.60

4.70

5.00

6.00

7.00

5.70

4.65

4.45

4.95

4.50

4.05

3.50

3.48

3.60

4.35

4.45

4.05

3.80

3.90

4.00

3.48

3.40

3.42

NOTE. Probably ice at this station from Jan. 1 to about Apr. 2.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Salmon River at Pulaski, N. Y., for 1911.

Day.

1...........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Apr.

1,800

1,500

1,230

950

1,230

2,370

4,850

4,850

4,090

3,710

3,520

3,900

4,280

5,450

6,660

5,050

3,330

2,970

3,150

3,710

4,090

3,150

2,540

2,210

3,520

3,710

3,520

3,330

3,520

3,330

May.

3,710

5,050

2,970

1,610

1,230

1,010

1,010

912

865

775

658

580

493

426

394

364

352

318

318

458

394

318

296

439

479

394

296

255

231

200

187

June.

376

528

352

265

820

2,130

1,060

912

493

394

307

820

1,010

690

458

376

318

255

231

209

168

187

209

183

172

172

1,120

3,330

1,170

820

July.

432

312

235

200

160

152

152

135

118

118

118

172

152

125

112

118

370

1,170

550

285

235

191

152

160

226

183

160

135

135

118

118

Aug.

103

103

88

103

88

88

88

112

162

213

152

145

118

103

103

118

112

103

125

103

94

88

88

88

88

94

94

145

400

312

226

Sept.

191

172

152

152

118

1,410

1,230

610

479

452

312

285

285

260

235

312

285

231

175

160

149

231

307

245

200

168

168

217

265

255

Oct.

255

307

364

458

1,290

1.010

1,290

1,120

642

528

426

364

318

265

245

209

217

550

1,230

820

626

602

775

912

642

528

426

426

426

364

394

Nov.

820

682

507

439

413

364

1,060

1,680

1,120

775

820

707

2,450

1,610

1,230

960

565

1,230

1,680

1,350

1,170

912

732

732

690

690

650

674

1,900

1,610

Dec.

1,230

1,010

732

550

610

610

535

535

775

2,130

2,620

4,470

6,450

3,900

2,060

1,760

2,540

1,830

1,230

090

674

775

1,610

1,760

1,230

960

1,060

1,170

674

G10

626

NOTE. Daily discharge is based on a well-defined discharge rating curve. Discharge Apr. 1 to 2 estimated.
ST. LAWEENCB BIVEB BASIN. 59

Monthly discharge of Salmon River at PulasH, N. Y., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 264 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May..... . .

July.....................................

September. .............................

December. ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,660 

5,050 

3.330 

1,170 

400 

1,410 

1,290 

2,450 

6,450

Minimum.

950 

187 

168 

112 

88 

118 

209 

364 

535

Mean.

3,380 

871 

651 

226 

131 

324 

582 

1,010 

1,530

Per

square 

mile.

12.8 

3.30

2.47 

.856 

.496 

1.23 

2.20 

3.83 

6.80

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

14.28 

3.80 

2.76 

.99 

.57 

1.37 

2.54 

4.27 

6.69

Accuracy.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A.

ORWELL BROOK NEAR ALTMAR N. Y.

Location. At highway bridge 1J miles by road northwest of Altmar and mile

above confluence of Orwell Brook with Salmon River. 

Records available. June 23 to December 31, 1911. 

Drainage area. 22.1 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain, attached to downstream side of bridge. 

Channel. Curved above the bridge and current rather swift. Bed composed of

small stone and gravel; 2 channels above bridge, but one at gage. 

Discharge measurements. Made by wading at low stages, from bridge at high

Winter flow. No information; relation of gage height to discharge probably affected

by ice.

Accuracy. The discharge rating curve has been fairly well developed for low stages. 

Cooperation. Established by United States Geological Survey in cooperation with

David R. Cooper, of Niagara Falls, N. Y., and State of New York Conservation

Commission.

Discharge measurements of Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. Y., in 1911.

Date.

Mar. 22

June 23a

Sept 14a

14o

17«

Nov. We

Dec. 12

 Hydrographer.

.....do.....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do.....................................................................

height.

Feet. 

61.98

1.92

2.00

2.01

1.97

2.83

3.64

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

19.9

13.8

17.6

18.2

15.2

98.6

227

o Measurement made by wading a short distance below bridge.

& Measurement made before gage was established; gage height uncertain.

e Made by wading 200 feet below bridge.
60 SUBFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. Y.,far 1911. 

[Mis. A. G. White, observer.]

Day.

1.............................................

a.............................................

3.............................................

4.............................................

5.............................................

6.............................................

7.............................................

8........................................... .

9.............................................

10.............................................

11.............................................

12.............................................

13..............................................

14.............................................

15.............................................

16.............................................

17.............................................

18.............................................

19.............................................

20.............................................

21.............................................

22.............................................

23.............................................

24.............................................

25.............................................

26.............................................

27...................................:.........

28.............................................

20.............................................

30.............................................

31..............................................

June.

1.95

1.78

1 71

1 71

3.50

4. 60

2.90

2.40

July.

2.22

2.12

2.08

2.00

1.95

1.90

1.88

1.85

1.85

1.80

1.80

1.82

1.80

1.75

l.SO

1.75

2.45

2.62

2.28

2.08

1.95

1.90

1.82

1.98

1.82

1.82

1.80

1.78

1.75

1.75

1.75

Aug.

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.70

1.65

1.65

1.88

2.02

1.85

1.80

1.75

1.70

1.65

1.68

1.75

1.75

1.75

1.80

1.75

1.70

1.65

1.65

1.65

1.70

1.75

1.70

1.86

2.02

1.82

1.75

Sept.

1.85

1.80

1.78

1.72

1.65

2.80

2.32

2.15

2.18

2.05

1.98

2.00

1.98

1.92

1.95

1.92

1.92

1.95

1.90

1.92

1.85

2.12

2.02

1.95

1.90

1.90

1.88

2.02

1.98

2.00

Oct.

1.98

2.08

2.00.

2.30

2.30

2.28

2.55

2.. 35

2.22

2.12

2.08

2.02

2.02

2.00

1.95

1.95

1.95

2.40

2.38

2.22

2.18

2.10

2.32

2.28

2.20

2.12

2.15

2.18

2.10

2.05

2.15

Nov.

2.28

2.22

2 20

2.15

2.10

2.05

2.45

2.48

2.38

2.35

2.30

2.48

2.98

2.86

2.60

2.49

3.55

2.88

2.82

2.72

2.61

2.50

2.50

2.45

2.38

2.40

2.40

2.48

3.20

2.80

Dec.

2.78

2.49

2.48

2.42

2.45

2.34

2.28

2.26

2.90

3.10

3.40

3.65

4 9n

3.20

2.88

2.80

2.98

2.75

2.52

2.60

2.52

2.35

2.85

2.62

2.50

2.45

2.62

2.28

2.48

2.52

2.45

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. Y.,for 1911.

Day.

1................ .............................

2.............................................

3.............................................

4.............................................

5.............................................

G.............................................

7.............................................

8.............................................

9.............................................

10.............................................

11.............................................

12~.... .......................................

18.............................................

14.............................................

16.............................................

16.............................................

17.............................................

18.............................................

19.............................................

20.............................................

21.............................................

22.............................................

23.............................................

24.............................................

25.............................................

26.......................................... ..

27.............................................

28.............................................

29.............................................

W........ .....................................

31....i...................... ..................

June.

is

8

8

. 8

203

410

109

48

July.

32

24

22

17

15

13

12

11

11

9

9

10

9

8

9

8

53

72

36

22

15

13

10

16

10

10

9

8

8

8

8

Aug.

6

6

6

6

6

5

5

12

18

11

' 9

8

6

5

6

8

8

8

9

8

6

5

5

5

6

8

6

11

18

10

8

Sept.

11

9

8

7

5

95

40

26

28

20

16

17

16

14

15

14

14

15

13

14

11

24

18

15

13

13

12

18

16

17

Oct.

16

22

17

38

38

36

64

48

32

24

22

18

1817'

15

15

15

48

46

32

29

23

40

36

30

24

26

29

23

20

26

Nov.

36

32

30

26

23

20

53

56

46

43

38

56

121

103

70

57

212

106

98

85

71

58

58

53

46

48

48

56

154

95

Dec.

92

57

56

50

53

43

36 '35

109

139

186

229

330

154

106

96

121

88

60

70

60

43

102

72

58

53

72

36

56

60

53

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a discharge rating curve well defined between 10 and 300 

second-feet.
ST. LAWRENCE BIVEB BASIN. 61

Monthly cKaehapge of Orwell Brook near Altmar, N. Y., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 22.1 square miles.]

Month.

July.....................................

November ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

410 

72 

18 

95 

64 

154 

330

Minimum.

8 

8 

5 

5 

15 

20 

35

Mean.

101. 

16.7

7.87 

18.5 

28.5 

66.6 

89.5

Per 

square 

mile.

4.57 

.756 

.366 

.837 

1.29 

3.01 

4.05

Run-off 

(depth in 

Inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.36 

.87 

.41 

.93 

1.49 

3.86 

4.67

Accuracy.

B.

B. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A.

BLACK BIVEB AND TBIBTTTABIES.

d

BLACK RIVER NEAR BOONVILLE, N. Y.

Location. At highway bridge about 2 or 3 miles northeast of Boonville, AH «j|«al 

distance by river downstream from Hawkinsville, and about 1 mile above the 

mouth of Sugar River, a small tributary from the left.

Records available. February 16 to December 31,1911; data also published in first 

annual report of Conservation Commission, State of New York.

Drainage area. 316 square miles.

Gage. Standard chain, fastened to the downstream side of the bridge. A staff 

gage, reading from 6 to 13 feet, is fastened to the downstream right-hand abutment and is used for high-water readings.

Channel. Rough and bowldery; permanent.

Discharge measurements. At high stages from a cable stretched across the 

stream about one-half mile above the gage; at low stages, by wading near the 

cable section.

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice.

Accuracy. A well-defined discharge rating curve has been developed. The records do not give the total discharge of the drainage area1 . See "Diversions."

Diversions. A portion of the flow of Black River is diverted past the gaging station 

through a feeder having its intake at the State dam at Forestport and delivering 

' its flow to the summit level of the Black River canal at Boonville. A portion of 

the flow passes northward, supplying the Black River canal from Boonville to 

the head of slack-water navigation at the foot of Lyon Falls. The remainder is 

diverted from the drainage basin and flows into the Erie Canal at Rome. To determine the amount diverted past the station and out of the drainage basin measurements are made in the Forestport feeder at a farm bridge near Speny Hill, 

1 mile northeast of Boonville. Measurements of northward flow in the Black 

River canal are made at a farm bridge half a mile north of Boonville; measurements 

of the southward flow at a farm bridge about three-fourths of a mile southeast 

from Boonville. The Forestport feeder is open for service about May 1 for 

the purpose of feeding the Erie Canal, which opens about May 15, although the 

Black River canal does not open until later. When navigation is closed on the 

Erie Canal the feeder gates are closed also and the surplus water runs over the 

dam into Black River. Some water leaks through feeder gates and flows through 

the feeder into Lansing Kill and Mohawk River. Feeder gates were closed 

November 20, 1911. Results of measurements made at this place in the past 

are published in reports of the State engineer and surveyor of New York.
62 SUBFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1911, PABT IV.

Storage. A reservoir built by the State at Forest Brook, about 8 miles upstream, 

stores about 2,000,000,000 cubic feet. About a mile above the station is a site 

at which a dam 110 feet high would impound 3,300,000,000 cubic feet of water.

Cooperation. Established and maintained in cooperation with the State Conservation Commission of New York.

Discharge measurements of Blade River near Boonville, N. Y., in 1911.

Date.

Feb. 16o

Apr. 226

Aug 20«

Sept. 13d

13c

Nov. 23

23

Dec. 13

Hydrographer. .

C. S. De Golyer.. .........................................................

C.C. Covert..............................................................

G. H.Canfield................................................. ............

.....do....................................................................

.....do. ................................. 'I........ .........................

height.

Feet. 

4.99

7.60

3.75

3.40

4.55

4.50

5.97

6.00

8.43

Discharge.

Sec.-ft, 

307

2,410

107

59.1

268

244

949

924

3,850

a Measurement made under complete ice cover about one-half mile above bridge and gage; average 

thickness of ice, 1.56 feet.

6 Measurement made from bridge on which gage is fastened; poor section in high water, 

c Measurement made by wading about 200 feet above bridge. 

<* Wading at cable section.

Discharge measurements of Forestport feeder at Boonville, N. Y., in 1911.

Date.

Aug. 20

Nov. 23

C

r

G

C

Hydrographer. Gage 

height."

Feet. 

1.35

1.13

1.19

3.53

Discharge.

Sec.-ft, 6296

6236

6253

680

o Distance reference point to water surface. Reference point is top of mudsill at left, upstream side of 

bridge. 

6 Amount of water from Black River into Forestport feeder,

NOTE. Measurements made a"t highway bridge about 1 mile northeast of Boonville, N. Y. 

Discharge measurements of Black River canal (north) at Boonville, N. Y., in 1911.

' Date.

July 1

Sept. 14

Hydrographer.

G. H. Canfleld. ...........................................................

Gage 

height.**

Feet. 

1.82

1.42

Discharge.

Sec.-/*.

669.4

663.0

« Distance reference point to water surface. Reference point is top of mudsill at right upstream side of 

bridge. 

6 Amount of water diverted permanently to Erie Canal.

NOTE. Measurements made at second bridge south of feeder, about three-fourths mile south of Boonville, N. Y.
ST. LAWBENCE BIVEB BASIN. , 63 

Discharge measurements of Black Rwer canal (south) at Boonville, N. Y., in 1911.

Date.

Aug. 19

Sept^lS

Hydrographer.

C. S. De Golyer... . .......................................................

C. C. Covert ..............................................................

G . H. Canfleld. ...........................................................

height.*

Feet. 

1.36

1.35

1.21

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

6,232

6,162

6,158

a Distance reference point to water surface. Reference point is top of mudsill at left upstream side of 

bridge. 

6 Amount of water returning to Black River below gaging station.

NOTE. Measurements made at bridge No. 2, about one-half mile north of Boonville, N. Y.

Daily gage height, infect, of Black River near Boonville, N. Y.,for 1911. 

[W. D. Charboneau, observer.]

Day.

1... ........

2... ........

3 .......

4...........

5 .......

6...........

7...........

8..... ......

9... ........

10. .....

11..........:

12...........

13...........

14...........

15...........

16...........

17...........

18...........

19...........

20...........

91

00

24.- .....

25...........

26 .......

97

28...........

29 .......

30 .......

41

Feb.

4 99

5.0

E Q

5 45

5

0

5 9

5.15

5.05

5.0

5 A

5.0

5.3

5.2

Mar.

5.2

5.1

5.1

5.2

5.05

5.0 4 55

4 08

4

KE

4.55

5.15

5.05

5.0

A. OR

5.0

4.65

5.05

5.0

4.8

4 9

4 9

5.05

5.25

5.3

5.25

5.1

6.4

8.3

7.4

7.3

6 9

Apr.

6.5

6.0

5.85

5.69

5

Q

6.4

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.3

7.1

7.2

7.4

7 9

8.8

8 Q

8.0

7 9

7.2

7.2

7.3

7.5

7

O

6 Q

7.5

7.9

7.6

7.6

8.0

8.2

May.

8.2

8.8

9 n

7.8

7 9

7.0

6.6

6.4

6.1

5.85

5.65

5.45

5.4

5.0

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.6

A. Q

5.0

5.0

4.8

4.85

5.2

5.9

5.75

5.45

5.5

4.75

4.55

4.35

June.

5 A

6.1

5 9

4.7

5.05

6.6

ft 9

5.45

5.1

4.8

4.6

6.0

7.0

7.0

6.4

5.9

5

O

5

AK

5.0

4.6

4.38

4.2

4

1°,

3.88

3.72

3.62

3.68

3.93

3.75

3.7

July.

3.36

3.36

* K

3

4O

q 00

3.31

3.25

3

9/1

3.26

3

OQ

3.24

3

9Q

3.29

3.31

3 71

4 1

4.38

3

70

3.35

3.31

3.27

3

O9

3

AQ

3.45

3.35

3.3

3.32

3.24

3.24

3 99

Aug.

3.22

3.19

3 1Q

3.21

3.22

3.5

3

7°,

3

QA

3

Q9

3

KC

3

91

3.36

3

09

3

O9

3.3

i ifi

3.45

3.35

3.38

3.35

3.36

3.26

3.34

3.25

3.19

3.12

3.18

3.65

5.2

4.1

3

Q

Sept.

3.58

3.52

3.76

4.6

4.6

5.2

A. Q

4 9

5.0

5.0

4 48

4.5

4.2

3.68

3 45

3.85

3.68

3.7

3.42

3.35

3.48

3.58

3.52

3.58

3.42

3.32

3.38

3.32

3.38

Oct.

3.48

3.5

3.45

3.75

4

0

A. QE

5.9

5.85

5.4

4.65

3 95

3.88

3

00

3 T7

3.68

3.58

3.5

O QQ

5.3

5.3

4 QP;

5.0

5.7

5.5

5.6

5.25

5.05

5.15

5.15

4.9

4.7

Nov.

5.0

5.1

4.7

4.38

4.35

4 9

5 Q

6.1

5.6

5.4

5.7

6.0

6.1

5.7

5.5

5.15

5.8

6.7

6.8

6.5

6.1

5

7=.

5.9

5.75

5.6

5.6

5.5

6.4

6.8

Dec.

6.5

5.9

5.8

5.5

5 A

5.4

5.3

5.25

5.4

5.9

6.3

6.9

Q E

8.3

7.3

6.8

7.0

7.0

6.6

-5.9

5.7

5.8

6.1

7.6

6.6

6.4

6.3

6.4

6.2

5.95 P; Q

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by backwater from ice from about Jan. 1 to about 

Mar. 27. Probably no backwater from ice during December. Gage heights were probably taken to the 

water surface. Canal feeder closed Nov. 20.
64s

SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Black River near Boonville, N. T*., for 1911.

I Day.

I 1....... ............

' 2...................

3...................

4...................

6...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10.......'............

11...................

12...................

13...;...............

14...................

15...................

16.... .......... .....>

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23...................

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29

30................... q-i

Mar.

1,240

2,160

1,700

Apr.

1,320

' 950

848

749

815

1,240

2 ifin

2,560

2,560

2,160

1,920

2,040

2,290

3,000

4,560

4,760

3,160

2,040

2,040

2,040

2,160

2,420

2,160

1,700

2,420

3,000

2,560

2,560

3,160

3,480

May.

3,480

4,560

4

QAA

2,850

2 040

1,810

1,410

1 240

l'o20

848

725

615

ion

410

335

335

305

97C

370

410

410

335

qco

495

880

785

615

640

320

262

01 C

June.

590

1,020

495

305

430

1,410

1,090

fill

450

335

275

950

1,810

1,810

1 240

880

815

410

275

224

186

182

126

100

87

94

134

104

Q7

July.

61

57

57

72

KQ -

52

46

46

47

49

46

AQ

50

CO

98

166

224

109

56

52

48

53

70-

fifi

56

11

is

46

46

44

Aug.

44

41

41

43

11

72

109

119

' 115

78

52

57

53

53

11

59

66

56

59

56

57

47

55

46

41

36

40

90

495

166

112

Sept.

82

74

106

275

971

290

J.QC

370

.370

410

410

246

250

186

66

120

QA

07

63

56

70

82

74

82

63

53

59

53

59

Oct.

70

72

66

104

335

390

880

848

590

390

138

126

115

108

94

82

72

143

540

540

390

410

755

640

695

518

430

472

472

370

305

Nov.

410

450

390

305

224

218

370

880

1,020

695

590

755

950

1,020

7KK

640

472

815

1,500,

1,600

1,320

1,020

785

880

785

695

695

640

1,240

1,600

Dec.

1,320

880

«L5

640

- 590

590

540

BIB

590

880

1,160

1,700

4,000

3,650

2,160

1,600

1,810

1,810

1,410

880

755

815

1,020

2,560

1,410

1,240

1,160

1,240

1,090

915

880

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined discharge rating curve.

Monthly discharge of Black River near Boonvilk, N. Y.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 316 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

3,650

4,760 

4,960 

1,810 

224 

495 

495 

880 

1,600 

4,000

4,960

Minimum.

749 

218 

87 

44 

36 

53 

66 

218 

518

36

Mean.

375 

275 

608 

2,310 

1,090 

572 

65.3 

79.1 

167 

360 

791 

1,310

667

Per 

square 

mile.

1.19 

.870 

1.92 

7.31 

3.45 

1.81 

.307 

.250 

.528 

1.14 

2.50 

4.15

2.11

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage

area).

1.37 

.91 

2.21 

8-16 

3.98 

2.02 

.24 

.29 

.59 

1.31 

2.79 

4.78

28.65

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. Discharge Jan. 1 to Mar. 26 estimated from that of Black River at Felts Mills, the rate of run-off at 

Boonville being considered slightly less than at Felts Mills during this period. 

Mean discharge Mar. 1 to 26, estimated, 300 second-feet.
ST. LAWRENCE EIVEE BASIN. 65

BLACK RIVER NEAR FELTS MILLS, N. Y.

Location. At the dam of the Lefevre Paper Co., formerly owned by the Black River 

Traction Co., about 1J miles above the village of Felts Mills. The dam is 9 miles 

upstream from Watertown and 7 miles upstream from the old Huntingtonville 

gaging station.

Records available. February, 1897 to December, 1901, at Huntingtonville dam, 

August 29,1902, to December 31,1911, at Felts Mills. Data also in annual reports 

of the State engineer and surveyor, State of New York.

Drainage area. 1,851 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff attached to a crib at the left-hand side of the stream above the 

mill; correction is made to gage readings for velocity of approach during the high 

water.

Discharge. Previous to August 16, 1910, records were kept of the flow over a dam 

about 100 feet upstream from the paper mill. This dam was of sawed timber 

resting on a limestone foundation and its main crest was 380.6 feet long. During 

the summer of 1910 a new concrete dam was constructed about 100 feet downstream. This dam has a main crest for low and medium stages 300.45 feet long 

and 3.75 feet wide. Upstream face vertical; downstream semiogee section. 

Main crest of dam about 6 feet high. On the right-hand side is an additional section, of greater elevation, 48.2 feet long; on the left-hand side, angling upstream, 

is a section 139.7 feet long, making the total length of the dam for high-water discharge approximately 488.4 feet. A wood-pulp mill constructed at the left-hand 

end of the dam has been in operation since 1907. The mill contains one 45-inch 

and four 72-inch Smith-McCormick turbines. The discharge over the spillways 

has been calculated by means of the weir formula, using coefficients derived from 

experiments by the United States Geological Survey on a dam of similar crosssection. Record is kept of the hours run and of the gate opening of each wheel as 

well as the head under which the turbines operate.

Winter flow. Affected by ice. No correction attempted.

Artificial control. Power plants and storage above the station.

Accuracy. Results believed to be good for a station of this type.

Cooperation. Records obtained and computations made by engineers of the New 

York State engineer's department, which furnishes the data to the Survey.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Black River near Felts Mills, N. Y.,for 1911.

Day.

1... .........

2............

3............

4.. ..........

5............

6............

7............

8............

9............

10............

11............

12....... is:.........

14............

15............

16............

17............

18............

19. ........... 

20............

Jan.

2,929

2,158

3 941

5,208

4 QQft

4

*MA

4

10K

2,839

2,606

2,606

2,364

2

C7O

2,414

2,414

2,414

1,888 

1.597

Feb. '

2,842

2,693

2,151

1,888

1,888

1,830

1 779

1 71^

1,655

1,536

1 f^fi

1,536

1,536

1 (VJ7

1 Qfifi

1 GCft

1,536

1,536 

1.655

Mar.

2,151

2,019

1,888

1,888

1,655

1,536

1,597

1,655

1,536

1,536

1,536

1 ^fi

1,536

1,830

3,139

2

CMO

2 9R9

2,019

1,888 

1.772

Apr.

6,808

6,472

5,654

4,747

4,530

7 01 Q

12,241

H OKO

16,351

17,181

 \A QK7

13,575

16,075

 \Q mo

18,845

16,075

13,849 

11.715

May.

12,766

14,676

17,181

19,123

12,241

9,633

7,575

6,136

5,654

4

QRK

4 094

3,448

2 1 ^i

9 9R9

1 779

2,151

2,151 

2.282

June.

1,655

2,693

3,287

2,414

2,019

5,497

5

1 QQ

3,771

3,139

2,414

2,019

3,448

4 KQf|

5,183

5

1QQ

5, 1£3

4,094

3,448 

2.842

July.

873

873

873

714

634

475

714

714

873

793

634

634

634

634

714

7QO

873

1,123

1,655 

1.207

Aug.

793

793

634

793

714

714

634

634

714

793

873

962

873

1,038

1,038

1,529

1,719

1,771 

1.043

Sept.

1,600

1,290

240

801

i 9Qft

2,657

2,381

1,849

1 t\f\(\

1,908

2,186

2 ftfifi

1,863

1 ^11

1 r 02 '665

1,190 

910

Oct.

1,435

816

1,190

1,948

2,728

3.066

3,066

3,061

2,728

9 t\A.

2,186

1,908

1,799

1,568

1,292

1,237

1,361

1,618 

1.600

Nov.

2,186

2,447

2

AA1

2,314

2,011

1,650

2,186

4,180

4 QQ1

4,518

4,615

3,864

4 QQ1

4,991

4,618

3 77O

3,066

5,876 

5.313

Dec.

6,232

6,099

5,079

3,318

3,772

3,531

3,611

3,531

3,611

7,995

8,011

8,668

10,554

13,547

16,335

13,868

11,624

10,258

9,024

7.802

47883° WSP 304 12 5
66 SUKFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Black River near Felts Mills, N. Y.,for 1911 Contd.

Day.

21............

22............

23............

24............

25

26............

27............

28............

29............

30............

31............

Jan.

1,655

1,655

1,655

1,655

1 770

1,655

1,207

2,151

3,139

2,990

3,287

Feb.

1,713

2

A1Q

1,888

1 779

1,655

1,536

2,085

Mar.

1,655

2

1 C-l

2,545

2

A-1A

2,545

3 771

9,442

8,319

7 830

7,319

Apr.

W Q^Q

10,456

9

AQ9

9,442

9

9 co

9,019

O 4J.9

11,463

12,241

May.

2,545

2,842

2,545

3,610

4,530

4,747

4,312

3,287

2,693

2,693

2,151

June.

2 282

1,888

1,655

1,536

1,291

1,123

1,040

1,772

1,655

1,413

July.

1,040

873

957

957

555

793

714

793

873

957

793

Aug.

1,005

887

1,062

1,290

1,202

1,238

677

1,052

1,261

1,799

1,908

Sept.

839

839

1,039

1,502

600

839

939

1,034

839

1,053

Oct.

2,024

2,163

1,550

1,696

3,552

3,028

2,447

2,186

1,849

1,183

2,024

Nov.

6,499

6,499

4,788

4,140

4,140

3,244

2,732

3,779

6,499

6,499

Dec.

3,919

3,741

5,804

8,913

8,136

7,267

6,845

5,804

3,868

3,552

4,193

Monthly discharge of Black River near Felts Mills, N. Y., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,851 square miles.] x

Month.

February. ...................................

April........................................

July.........................................

Year..................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,208 

2,842 

9,442 

18,845 

19,123 

5,497 

1,655 

1,908 

2,657 

3,552 

6,499 

16,335

19,123

Minimum.

1,207 

1,536 

1,536 

4,530 

1,772 

1,040 

475 

634 

240 

816 

1,550 

3,318

240

Mean.

2,672 

1,834 

2,822 

11,579 

5,946 

2,967 

830 

1,068 

1,338 

2,065 

4,118 

7,049

3,690

Per

square 

mile.

1.44 

0.991 

1.52 

6.26 

3.21 

1.60 

0.448 

0.577 

0.723 

1.12 

2.22 

3.81

1.99

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.66 

1.03 

1.75 

6.98 

3.70 

1.78 

0.516 

0.665 

0.807 

1.29 

2.48 

4.39

27.098

MOOSE RIVER AT MOOSE RIVER, N. Y.

Location. In the village of Moose River, about 3 miles downstream from McKeever 

station on the Adirondack division of the New York Central & Hudson River 

Railroad, 5 miles below the mouth of South Branch of Moose River (coming in 

from the left), and nearly 20 miles above the junction of Black and Moose rivers 

at Lyons Falls.

Records available. June 5, 1900, to December 31, 1911. Data also in annual 

reports of the New York State engineer and surveyor and State Water Supply 

Commission of New York.

Drainage area. 346 square miles.

Gage. Staff, in two sections, fastened to the left bank a short distance above cable; 

read twice daily. The elevation of the gage zero was changed February 28, 1903, 

from 15.36 to 15.53.

Channel. Composed of cobble and bowlders; fairly permanent; current smooth; 

depth comparatively uniform. Just above the station is a small island on which 

ice and log jams occasionally form. Velocity from dam at"McKeever to the station 

relatively slow; below the station velocity very high.

Discharge measurements. Made from a cable erected July, 1903. Cable has a 

clear span of 269 feet.
ST. LAWRENCE EIVEE BASIN. 67

Artificial control. A timber dam at McKeever is used for power and for the regulation of flow for log driving. During portions of the year, therefore, two gage 

readings a day may not give a representative mean.

Winter flow. The stream freezes over in winter and is covered with alternate layers 

of ice and snow which render the determination of discharge difficult.

Accuracy. Discharge rating curve for open channel fairly accurate. Published 

discharge data for periods of open water considered good.

Cooperation. The station was established and is maintained in cooperation with 

the New York State engineer and surveybr.

Discharge measurements of Moose River at Moose River, N. Y., in 1911.

Date.

July 15

Hydrographer.

W. G. Hoyt . . ............................................................

height.

Feet. 

6.54

1 04

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

4,700

on?

o Measurement partly estimated by timing floating logs to obtain velocity. Area determined by separate 

soundings. Coefficient of 0.84, from vertical velocity curves taken in 1904, used to reduce surface 

velocities.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Moose River at Moose River, N. Y., for 1911. 

[Chris Hannan, observer.]

Bay.

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

g

10...............

11...............

12...............

10

14...............

15...............

16. ..............

17...............

18...............

19. ..............

20. ..............

21............... 

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27. ..............

28...............

29. ..............

30...............

VI

Jan.

1.6

2.2

2.9

3.2

3.4

3.5

3.9

4.2

4.2

2.2

1.8

2.3

2.3

2.5

'

Feb.

2.9

2.9

2.6

2.6

Mar.

2.4

2.6

2.6

2.4

Apr.

'4.0

4.5

6.4

5.9

4.6

3.7

3.2

3.1

3.5 

3.9

3.6

3.8

4.0

5.0

5.8

6.0

6.6

6.3

May.

6.6

8.6

6.6

5.2

5.2

5.0

4.7

4.2

4.1

4.0

3.4

3.0

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.2 

2.2

2.6

2.2

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.3

2.3

2:1

2.2

June.

2.0

2.2

2.3

2.2

2.5

2.9

2.8

2.6

2 9

2.0

1.9

2.0

2.0

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.6 

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.6

July.

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.35

1.2

1.05

.9

' .85

1.05

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.2

.95

1.2

1.55

1.65

1.3

1.15 

1.0

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.0

.9

.85

.7

.7

.7

Aug.

0.8

.8

7^

.7

.6

.5

.6

.6

.5

.5

.6

.6

7^

.7

.65

.6

.7

.6

.6

.7

.7 

.6

.6

.5

.5

.5

.6

.6

.7

.8

.6

Sept.

0.5

.6

.6

.75

.9

.9

.8

.8

.8

.9

.9

.9

.8

.9

1.0

.9

.8

.7

.7

.8 

.9

.9

.8

.7

.8

.9

1.0

1.0

.9

Oct.

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.15

1.5

1.9

2.0

2.0

2 1

2.2

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.8

3.0 

3.0

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.0

3.1

Nov.

3.0

2 Q

3.0

3.1 3.0*

3.2

3.6

3.95

3 Q

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.3

3.0

2.6

2.1

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5 

1.5

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.6

1.7

2.0

2.2

Dec. '

2.2

2

-1

2.2

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.7

3 1

3.6

4.4

5.2

7.0

5.5

4.3

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.6

3( 4

3.3

3.4

3.6

3.8

4.4

4.0

3.4

3.5

3.8

3.5

3.1

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice Jan. 1 to Apr. 14. Probably not much back 

water from ice during December. The gage readings were probably to water surface.
68 SURFACE-WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Moose River at Moose River, N. Y.,for 1911.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10...........................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

21...........................

22...........................

23...........................

24...........................

25. ..........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

11

Apr.

4,540

3,940

2,500

1,670

1,290

1,220

1,510

1,850

1,590

1,760

1 Qdf)

2,920

3,820

4,060

4,780

4,420

May.

4,780

7,200

4,780

3,140

3,140

2,920

9 fiftn

2,120

2,030

1,940

1,430

1 iiai

965

910

01 ft

800

750

700

610

610

700

700

910

700

700

750

800

7CA

750

650

700

June.

610

700

750

700

855

1,080

1,020

910

700

610

570

610

610

535

535

500

465

465

465

500

465

435

465

465

435

465

465

43 <i

465

465

July.

465

435

435

390

345

312

265

252

215

302

315

315

315

315

345

278

345

450

482

375

330

290

315

290

315

290

265

252

215

215

215

Aug.

240

240

228

215

195

175

195

195

175

175

195

195

228

215

205

195

215

195

195

215

215

195

195

175

175

175

195

195

. 215

240

195

Sept.

175

175

195

195

228

265

265

240

240

240

265

265

265

240

265

290

265

240

215

215

240

266

265

240

215

240

265

290

290

265

Oct.

290

315

345

330

435

570

610

610

650

700

570

535

535

570

870

535

610

700

800

1,020

1,150

1,150

1,220

1,150

1,150

1,220

1.150

1,150

1,220

1,150

1,220

Nov.

1,150

1,080

1,150

1,220

1,150

1,290

1,590

1,900

1,850

1,760

1,670

1,590

1,360

1,150

910

650

535

465

465

465

435

435

405

435

465

435

465

500

610

700

Dec.

700

660

700

750

800

865

910

965

1,220

1,590

2,300

3,140

5,260

3,470

2,210

' 1,940

1,760

1,760

1,590

1,430

1,360

1,430

1,590

1,760

2,300

1.940

1,430

1,510

1,760

1,510

1,220

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a discharge rating curve well defined between 240 and 3,650 

second-feet. ,

Monthly discharge of Moose River at Moose River, N. Y., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 346 square miles.]

Month.

March ...................................

Acril..... ...............................

May.....................................

July....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

4,780 

1,080 

482 

240 

290 

1,220 

1,900 

5,260

Minimum.

610 

435 

215 

175 

175 

290 

405 

650

175

Mean.

600 

400 

700 

2,630 

1,660 

592 

321 

202 

244 

782 

943 

1,670

897

Per

square 

mile.

1.73 

1.16

2.02 

7.60 

4.80 

1.71 

.928 

.584 

.705 

2.26 

2.73 

4.83

2.59

RraMtff 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.99 

1.21 

2.33 

8.48 

5.53 

1.91 

1.07 

.67 

.79 

2.61 

3.05 

5.57

35.21

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

C. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B.

NOTE. Discharge Jan. 1 to Apr. 14 estimated at approximately 25 per cent of the discharge of Black 

River at Pelts Mills. 

Mean discharge Apr. 1 to 14 estimated 2,600 second-f^et.
ST. LAWBENCE EIVEB BASIN. 69

MIDDLE BBANCH OF MOOSE KIVEK AT OLD FOKGE, N. Y.

Location. About 300 feet below the highway bridge in Old Forge and about 400 

feet below the dam.

Records available. November 9, 1911, to December 31, 1911; published also in 

annual report of New York State Conservation Commission.

Drainage area. 51.5 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff, graded to feet and tenths, reading from 1 foot to 7 feet, spiked 

to birch tree on left bank of stream 300 feet below highway bridge.

Channel. Fairly straight from dam to a point about 200 feet below the gage where the 

river turns abruptly to the right and flows over a rock reef which is the control 

point for the gage. Channel fairly uniform from dam to point of control. Right 

bank high and wooded; left bank from the highway bridge to within about 50 

feet of the gage, defined by a stone wall about 3 feet above ordinary low water.

Accuracy. Station rated from ordinary low water to ordinary high water, the rating 

table covering a gage ranging from 1.60 feet to 3 feet, inclusive. Conditions at 

the station considered good.

Discharge measurements of Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N, Y., in 1911.

Date.

8«

80

6°

Hydrographer.

.....do...................................:......................:.........

.....do...................................................................

Gage

Jte*. 

1.96

1.73

2.16

2.44

2.90

Discharge.

8ec.-faet. 

79.3

53.4

112

150

241

a Measurements made by wading in front of State hatchery 150 feet above the gage.

Daily gage height, in feet, and discharge, in second-feet, of Middle Branch of Moose River 

at Old Forge, N. Y.,for 1911.

[Vernon S. Ervin, observer.]

Day.

2.i. ............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

November.

Gage 

height.

2.30 

2.35

2.35 

2.35 

2.40 

2.70 

2.79

Discharge.

128 

136

136 

136 

145 

201 

2J9

December.

Gage 

height.

2.55 

2.55

2.50 

2.50 

2.50

2.45 

2.45 

2.45 

2.45 

2.45

2.45 

2.42 

2.60 

2.80 

2.95

Discharge.

172 

172 

163 

163 

163

154 

154 

154 

154 

154

154 

149 

182 

221 

252

Day.

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23. ...... ......:.

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29

30...............

31...............

November.

*

2.70 

2.70 

2.65 

2.65

2.65

2.65 

2.60 

2.60 

2.60

2.60

2.60 

2.65 

2.55 

2.50 

2.65

Discharge.

201 

201 

192 

192 

192

192 

182 

182 

182

182

182 

172 

172 

163 

172

December.

Gage 

height

3.00 

3.00 

3.00 

3.00 

3.00

2.95 

2.90 

2.90 

2.95 

2.95

2.95 

2.90 

2.85 

2.80 

2.80 

2.75

Discharge.

262 

262 

262 

262 

262

252 

241 

241 

252 

252

252 

241 

231 

221 

221 

211

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined discharge rating curve.
70 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

Monthly discharge of Middle Branch of Moose River at Old Forge, N. Y.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 51.5 square miles.]

Month.

November (9-30). . ......................

December. ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

219 

262

Minimum.

128 

149

Mean.

175 

209

Per 

square 

mile.

3.40 

4.06

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

2.78 

4.68

Aceuraqy.

A. 

A.

STREAMS FLOWING TO ST. LAWRENCE RIVER.

OSWEGATCHIE RIVER NEAR OGDENSBTJRG, N. Y.

Location. At the steel highway bridge known locally as Eel Weir bridge, about 

1 mile below the mouth of the outlet of Black Lake and 5J miles above the city 

of Ogdensburg and the mouth of the river.

Records available. April 22, 1903, to December 31, 1911. Data published also 

in annual reports of the State Water-Supply Commission, State Conservation 

Commission, and State engineer and surveyor, State of New York.

Drainage area. 1,580 square miles.

Gage. Chain, fastened to the upstream side of the bridge; read once daily; datum 

unchanged.

Channel. Rocky and partly artificial, the rock having been removed underneath 

the bridge by blasting to increase the bridge opening.

Discharge measurements. Usually made from the bridge.

Artificial control. Three dams in the vicinity of the gage: One at Heuvelton, 

about 5 miles above; one at Rensselaer Falls, 10 miles above, and one at Ogdensburg.

Winter flow. Not affected by ice, as velocity of the current at the station is swift.

Accuracy. Rating curve fairly well developed; open-water curve used throughout 

the year.

Cooperation. Established by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation 

with the State engineer and surveyor of New York.

Discharge measurements of Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y., in 1911.

Date.

Feb. 18

Hydrographer. Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.05

5.22

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

1,290

1,050

a Measurement made from upstream side of bridge where measuring conditions are poor.
ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN. 71

Daily gage height, in feet, of Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y., for 1911. 

[Joseph H. La Rue, observer.]

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.9

6.1

6.5

6.6

6.2

6.4

' 6.2

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.0

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.3

5.3

5.7

Feb.

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.6

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.1

5.1

5.0

5.0

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

Mar.

5.2

5.2

5.4

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.2

' 5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.5

6.2

6.6

6.1

6.1

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.1

6.3

6.1

6.0

6.3

7.3

7.8

8.5

8.6

Apr.

8.6

8.3

8.1

8.0

7.7

7.8

8.1

8.5

9.1

9.4

9.5

9.4

9.1

9.1

9.1

9.0

8.9

8.5

8.4

8.1

8.1

8.0

7.7

7.5

7.3

7.0

6.7

6.6

6.5

6.3

May.

6.3

6.4

6.3

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.3

6.3

6.1

5.9

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.5

5.6

5.8

6.0

6.0

6.2

6.3

6.3

6.4

6.3

6.2

June.

6.1

6.0

5.8

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.5

5.6

5.6

5.6

5.7

5.7

5.6

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.1

5.1

July.

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.0

5.0

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4 7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

5.0

4.6

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

Aug.

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.4

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

Sept.

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.5

4.5

4.6

4.8

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

5.0

5.0

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.7

Oct.

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.7

4.9

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.1

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

4.9

4.9

Nov.

4.9

4 Q

5.0

5.0

5.1

5.0

5.1

5.3

5.3

5.5

5.5

5.9

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

5.7

6.0

6.0

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.1

6.2

6.0

6.0

6.1

6.2

6.3

Dec.

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6 4

6.3

6.2

6.2

6.1

6.0

6.0

6.2

6.2

6.6

7.0

. 7.4

7.4

7.5

7.4

7.2

7.2

7.2

7.0

6.9

6.9

6.7

6.6

6.4

6.4

6.7

6.5

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge at this station not affected by ice. 

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y.,for 1911.

Day.

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14.........:.....

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

1,570

1,570

1,770

3,160

3,730

4,890

5,180

4,020

4,600

4,020

4,020

3,730

3,730

3,730

3,730

3,730

3,730

3,440

3,440

3,160

2,890

2,640

2,640

2,640

2,400

2,180

2,180

2,180

1,770

1,770

2,640

Feb.

2,640

2,640

2,640

2,640

2,640

2,400

2,400

2,180

2,180

2,180

1,970

1,770

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,380

1,380

1,200

1,200

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,380

.......

Mar.

1,570

1,570

1,970

2,180

1,970

1,970

1,970

1,770

1,570

1,570

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,380

2,180

4,020

5,180

3,730

3,730

3,440

3,440

3,440

3,730

4,310

3,730

3,440

4,310

7,250

8,750

10,900

11,200

Apr.

11,200

10,300

9,660

9,350

8,450

8,750

9,660

10,900

12,700

13,600

14,000

13,600

12,700

12,700

12,700

12,400

12,100

10,900

10,600

9,660

9,660

9,350

8,450

7,850

7,250

6,360

5,480

5,180

4,890

4,310

May.

4,310

4,600

4,310

4,600

4,600

4,600

4,600

4,310

4,310

3,730

3,160

3,160

2,890

2,640

2,180

1,970

1,970

1,970

1,970

1,970

2,180

2,400

2,890

3,440

3,440

4,020

4,310

4,310

4,600

4,310

4,020

June.

3,730

3,440

2,890

2,640

2,640

2,640

2,180

2,400

2,400

2,400

2,640

2,640

2,400

2,180

2,180

1,970

1,770

1,770

1,970

1,770

1,770

1,770

1,770

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,570

1,380

1,380

July.

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,200

1,200

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

870

870

720

720

720

720

720

720

720

720

720

720

720

1,200

580

580

450

450

450

450

Aug.

450

450

450

450

450

450

450

450

450

330

450

450

450

330

330

330

330

330

330

330

330

330

330

330

330

330

330

330

330

330

330

Sept.

330

330

330

330

330

450

450

580

870

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,200

1,200

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1,030

1 030

1,030

870

870

870

870

720

720

720

Oct.

720

580

580

580

580

720

1,030

1,200^

1,200

1,200

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,380

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,200

i win

1,200

1,030

1,030

Nov.

1,030

1,030

1,200

1,200

1,380

1,200

1,380

1,770

1,770

2,180

2,180

3,160

2,640

2,640

2,640

2,640

2,640

2,640

3,440

3,440

3,730

3,730

3,730

3,730

4,020

3,440

3,440

3,730

4,020

4,310

Dec.

4,890

4,890

4,890

4,890

4,600

4,310

4,020

4,020

3,730

3,440

3,440

4,020

4,020

5,180

6,360

7,550

7,550

7,850

7,550

6,960

6,960

6,960

6,360

6,070

6,070

5,480

5,180

4,600

4,600

5,480

4,893

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a fairly well denned discharge rating curve.
72 STJEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

Monthly discharge of Oswegatchie River near Ogdensburg, N. Y.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,580 square miles.]

Month.

January.. . ..............................

February ...............................

March... ................................

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

August. . ................................

October. ................................

The year. .........................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

5,180 

2,640 

11,200 

14,QOO 

4,600 

3,730 

1.380 

450 

1,200 

1,380 

4,310 

7,850

14,000

Minimum.

1,570 

1,200 

1,380 

4,310 

1,970 

1,380 

450 

330 

330 

580 

1,030 

3,440

330

Mean.

3,120 

1,810 

3,560 

9,820 

3,480 

2,150 

867 

376 

813 

1,130 

2,670 

5,380

2,930

Per 

square 

mile.

2.97 

1.15 

2.25 

6.22 

2.20 

1.36 

.549 

.238 

.515 

.715 

 1.69 

3.41

1.85

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

3.42 

1.20 

2.59 

6.94 

2.54 

1.52 

.63 

.27 

.57 

.82 

1.89 

3.93

26,32

Accuracy.

B. 

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A.

RAQTJETTE RIVER AND TRIBUTARIES.

EAQUETTE EIVEE AT EAQUETTE FALLS, NEAR COEEYS, N. Y.

Location. 6 miles above Axton, 5 miles below the outlet of Long Lake and 2 miles

below the mouth of Moose Creek. 

Records available. August 27, 1908, to December 31, 1911. Published also in

annual reports of New York State Water-Supply Commission and New York

State engineer and surveyor. 

Drainage area. 418 square miles. 

Gage. A staff fastened to the right bank in a comparatively smooth section between

two small falls; read once daily during the open-water period and weekly during

the ice period; datum unchanged since station was established. 

Channel. Rough, composed of large bowlders; permanent; one channel at all

stages. 

Discharge measurements. Made from a car and cable about 10 feet above the

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge somewhat affected by ice.

Accuracy, Low-water section of discharge curve well defined; but few measurements have been made at high water, and determinations of flow for stages above 

gage height 5 feet may be somewhat in error.

Cooperation. Established and maintained in cooperation with the State Water 

Supply Commission of New York.

The discharge at this station added to that of Bog River near Tupper Lake shows in 

a general way the amount of water flowing into Tupper Lake, N a study of which ia 

being made to determine the amount of storage feasible in the lake. The combined 

drainage areas equal about 75 per cent of the drainage at Piercefield.

The following measurement was made by W. G. Hoyt:

February 22, 1911: Gage height, 2.11 feet; discharge, 336 second-feet.

There was ice along the shore but the relation of gage height to discharge was not 

affected thereby.
ST. LAWRENCE EIVEE BASIN. 73

Daily gage height, in feet, of Raquette River at Raquette Falls, near Coreys, N. Y., for

1911.

[C. A. De Lancett, observer.]

' Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5. ..............

6...............

7.. .............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

99

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

3.4

3.4

2.4

2.2

Feb.

2.5

2.2

2.2

2 1

2.1

Mar.

2.0

1.9

1.8

2.2

Apr.

2.9

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

3.1

3 9

3 A

3.4

3.5

3.5

3,6

3.8

4.1

4.5

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.6

4.6

4.7

4.8

A. Q

5.2

5 A

5 A

5.9

May.

6.1

6.6

6.4

6.2

6.0

5.9

5.7

5.4

5.4

5.3

5.2

5.1

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.7

5.0

4.9

4.7

4.7

5

E

5.5

 5.1

4.7

4.6

4.4

1.3

June.

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.4

3.4

3.4

3.7

3.7

3.9

4.0

4.0

3.7

3.6

3.5

3.5

3.4

3.4

3.3

3.3

3.3

3.2

3.0

2.9

July.

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.2

2.2

2.1

2.1

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

Aug.

'l.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.8

1.7

1.5

Sept.

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

2.2

2.2

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

Oct.

1.6

1.8

1.9

2.0

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

Nov.

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.9

2.9

3.9

2.9

2.9

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.1

3.1

Dec.

3.1

3.1

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.0

2.9

2.9

2.9

3.2

3.5

4.0

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.2

4.2

4.3

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.7

NOTE. Extent to which the gage heights were affected by ice somewhat uncertain. Probably, however, 

more or less backwater from, ice from about Jan. 1 to about Feb. 10. The measurement made Feb. 22 indicated no backwater due to ice. Gage readings probably to water surface. Probably backwater from a 

log jam during the later part of May and the first part of June. When the log jam was removed June 10 

to 11,, there was a sudden drop in stage, indicating approximately 0.5 foot of backwater from this cause 

during the first part of June.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Raquette River at Raquette Falls, near Coreys, N. Y.,

for 1911.

Day.

1..........

2. .........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8..........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

14..........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

Feb.

QKA

350

350

350

350

350

350

350

340

330

Mar.

300

290

290

290

280

280

270

270

265

265

265

250

250

250

250

240

240

240

940

250

Apr.

655.

600

550

600

600

770

830

970

970

1,040

1,040

1,120

1,280

1,540

1,860

1,970

2,200

2,200

2,080

 May.

4,220

4,540

5.030

4,700

4,380

4.060

3,900

3, 130

3,130

2,980

2,840

2,700

2,570

2,440

2,320

2,320

'2,200

2.200

2.570

June.

1,860

1.860

1,750

1,640

1.640

1,640

1,540

1,540

1,450

1,360

970

970

970

,1,200

1,200

1,360

1,450

1,450

1,200

1,120

July.

600

550

I!W

505

460

420

385

350

320

320

265

240

91 1;

215

190

190

215

240

215

Aug.

110

110

90

90

90

90

90

90

70

70

90

90

70

70

70

70

70

70

130

130

Sept.

150

150

130

110

110

110

350

OCA

265

265

240

240

290

290

265

265

240

240

240

215

Oct.

190

240

265

290

460

460

460

460

460

460

460

460

420

420

420

420

420

460

505

505

Nov.

460

460

460

460

460

505

505

550

550

600

600

600

655

685

1,360

655

655

710

710

710

Dec.

770

770

710

710

710

710

710

656

655

655

830

1,040

1,450

1,860

1,860

1,860

1,970

1,860

1,750

1.640
74 SURFACE WATEB SUPPLY, 1911, PART IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Raquette River at Raquette Falls, near Coreys, N, Y.,

for 1911 Continued.

Day.

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

31..........

Feb.

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

320

Mar.

260

270

280

Qrtrt

IZjh

380

400

450

500

550

600

Apr.

2 f\Qf\

2X)80

2,200

2,320

2,440

2,840

3,130

3

1OA

May.

2,440

9 9/in

2,200

3

OQA

3

OOrt

2,700

2,200

2.200

2.080

1 Rfifl

1 7WI

June.

1 040

1 040

970

970

900

900

900

830

710

665

July.

190

170

150 i wi

iwi

l^ft

l*5fl

150

130

130

130

Aug.

110

110

110

90

90

90

70

70 94n

215

170

Sept.

215

215

215

91 f;

190

190

190

190

190

170

Oct.

505

CKft

P^ft

550

CKft

505

ft\<\

505

460

4fin

4ffl

Nov.

710

710

770

770

770

710

710

710

770

770

Dec.

1 640

1 540

1 540

1 540

1 640

1 640

1 7^1

1,540

1.450 liseo

1,200

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a fairly well defined discharge rating curve. The, open-channel rating curve has been applied throughout the period Feb. 11 to Dec. 31, with no corrections for possible 

backwater from ice or from log jams. Discharge interpolated for periods when the gage was not read.

Monthly discharge of Raquette River at Raquette Falls, near Coreys, N. Y.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 418 square miles.]

Month.

April....................................

May.......... ...........................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

600 

3,900 

5,030 

1,860 

600 

240 

350 

550 

1,360 

1,970

5,030

Minimum.

240 

550 

1,750 

655 

130 

70 

110 

190 

460 

655

70

Mean.

373 

341 

311 

1,660 

2,970 

1,240 

272 

101 

216 

446 

657 

1,290

825

Per 

square 

mile.

0.892 

.816 

.744 

3.97 

7.11 

2.97 

.651 

.242 

' .517 

1.07 

1.57 

3.09

1.97

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.03

.85 

.86 

4.43 

8.20 

3.31 

.75 

.28 

.58 

1.23 

1.75 

3.56

- 26.83

Accuracy.

C. 

C. 

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A.

NOTE. Discharge for Jan. 1 to Feb. 10 was estimated from climatologic records and the discharge at other 

stations in the Raquette River basin. Mean discharge Feb. 1 to.10 estimated 350 second-feet.

RAQUETTE RIVER AT PIERCEFIELD, N. Y.

Location. About three-fourths of a mile above the head of Black Eapids and half 

a mile below the dam of International Paper Co. at Piercefield.

Records available. August 20, 1908, to December 31, 1911. Published also in 

annual reports of State Water Supply Commission, New York State Conservation 

Commission, and New York State engineer and surveyor.

Drainage area. 723 square miles.

Gage. From August 20, 1908, to September 3, 1910, a vertical staff fastened to a 

large pine stump in a pond like stretch of the stream controlled by Black Eapids; 

after September 3,1910, chain gage fastened to same stump. Both gages installed 

at same datum, which has remained unchanged.

Channel. Permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made at low and medium stages from a boat just 

above Black Eapids; at high stages made from the highway bridge about threefourths mile above the station and one-fourth mile above the dam of the International Paper Co.
ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN. 75

Winter flow. The rapids controlling the stream at the gage rarely freeze and measurements made with ice present indicate that the relation between gage height 

and discharge is little if any affected by ice. Open-water discharge rating curve 

usually applicable throughout the year.

Artificial control. The dam of the International Paper Co. controls the flow of 

the stream at the station during low-water periods, but the mill is usually run 

for 24 hours each day except Sundays. The numerous lakes in the upper part 

of the drainage basin afford considerable storage, most of which is controlled.

Accuracy. Although the discharge at this station is somewhat affected by artificial 

control, the records are believed to be good.

Discharge measurements of Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y., in 1911.

Date.

Feb. 23o

June 30

Sept. 106

Hydrographer.

G- H. Oanfield ---...,.---.,-,-------------..,,,,,...,..,, ..... .

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.10

5.40

1.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

888

1,060

51.6

o Measurement made under complete ice cover about 4 miles below gage. Average thickness of ice 0.93 

foot. Ice at gage section, complete cover. Average thickness of ice about 2.5 feet. Control point free 

from ice cover; some ice on rocks and side.

6 Measurement made by wading about 300 yards below boat section.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y., for 1911.

[W. B. Graves, observer.]

Day.

1...............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7 ..............

8...............

9.:.............

10...............

11...............

12'...............

13...............

14...............

15...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26...............

27...............

28...............

29............... 

30...............

31...............

Jan.

2.0

3.5

4.0

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

2.0

3.5

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

2.0

3.5

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

5.0

2.0

4.9

4.8

4.9

5.0

5.0

4.8

2.0 

3.5

4.0

Feb.

4.7

4.9

5.1

5.2

2.0

4.0

5.2

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

2.0

3.1

4.3

4.7

4.7

4.7

4.7

2.0

3.7

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

2.0

5.2

5.2

Mar.

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.2

2.0

3.5

4.0

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.2

2.0

3.5

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.2

2.0

3.5

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.2

2.0

3.6

5.0

4.9 

5.0

4.9

Apr.

4.9

2.0

5.0

5.6

5.7

5.5

5.6

5.8

5.6

6.2

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.3

6.1

6.5

6.6

6.6

6.7

6.8

6.5

7.8

8.3

8.5

8.7

8.8

8.8

8.5 

8.7

May.

10.4

10.4

10:3

10.4

10.4

10.4

10.1

9.7

9.8

9.6

9.5

9.4

9.4

9.0

9.1

9.0

8.9

8.8

8.6

8.6

7.2

7.6

7.6

7.8

7.7

7.6

7.6

7.3

7.4 

7.6

7.6

June.

7.6

7.6

7.5

4.3

6.3

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

6.4

5.2

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.4

6.4

5.2

6.2

6.3

6.3

6.3

6.4

6.3

4.2

5.3

6.0

6.1

6.1 

5.6

July.

5.6

2.7

4.3

5.0

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.4

2.4

4.2

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.4

4.4

2.5

3.25

3.9

4.2

4.2

4.2

4.5

- 2.7

4.0

4.2

3.8

, 3.6

2.7

2.55 

2.35

4.5

Aug.

5.5

5.1

3.7

2.6

2.4

2.05

2.10

3.45

3.7

4.0

4.0

4.D

1.85

2 9

2.15

3.9

4.0

2.15

1.95

1.75

1.9

4.0

4.0

2.2

9 1

2.0

1.9

3.45

3.3 

3.2

3.25

Sept.

3.3

3.4

3.5

3.6

3.8

4.0

3.9

3.8

3.7

1.7

1.55

2.35

4 9

4.3

4.4

4.4

2.5

3.4

3.9

4.0

4.0

3.4

3.3

1.35

3.0

3.8

3.7

3.6

3.6 

3.5

Oct.

1.10

2.9

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.6

3.5

.95

2.3

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.95

1.05

3.6

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.1

2.3

3.2

3.8

4.0

4.0

4.0

3.8

2.35 

2.85

3.7

Nov.

3.8

4.0

4.0

3.9

1.45

2.4

3.2

4.0

4.2

4.1

4.0

1.9

5.8

5.4

5.?

5.0

4.9

5.0

2.65

5.5

5.9

5.8

5.9

5.9

5.9

5.3

5.3

5.6

5.6 

5.6

Dec.

5.6

5.6

5.7

5.9

5.9

6.0

6.0

6.0

6.0

3.8

5.9

6.0

6.1

6.1

6.2

6.3

7.S

7.8

7.5

7.5

7.4

7.5

7.4

6.7

6.5

7.6

7.6

7.1

7.1 

7.1

7.1

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge not usually affected by ice at, this station. The gage readings are taken in a pond above a swift control point which usually remains open throughout the winter. 

Gage readings probably to water surface. The fluctuation of the gage heights is under the control of the 

paper mill above the station.
76 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y.,for 1911.

Day.

\.... ...........

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12...............

13...............

14...............

35...............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20...............

21.. .............

22...............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26............'...

27...............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

88

342

485

515

515

515

515

88

342

850

850

850

850

850

88

342

850

850

850

850

850

88

810

770

810

850

850

770

88

342

485

Feb.

730

810

895

940

88

485

940

1,040

1,040

1,040

1,040

88

241

580

730

730

730

730

88

397

940

940

940

940

940

88

940

940

Mar.

940

940

940

940

88

342

485

545

545

515

545

88

342

545

515

545

515 (Ut;

88

342

545

KAf

515

545

545

88

369

850

810

850

810

Apr.

810

88

850

1,160

1,220

1,100

1,160

1,280

1,160

1,560

1,700

1,700

1,700

1,700

1,630

1,490

1,780

1 Sfift

1 oAfl

1,940

2,020

1 7Sft

2 QKrt

3,450

3,660

3 R7ft

3,980

3,660

3,870

May.

5,880

5,880

5,750

5,880

5,880

5,880

5,500

5,020

5,140

4,900

,4,780

4,660

4,660

4,200

4,320

4,200

4,090

3,760

3,760

2,380

2,750

2,750

2,950

2,850

2,750

2,750

2 4.7ft

2,560

2,750

2, 750

June.

2,750

2,750

2,650

580

1,630

1,700

1,700

1,700

1,700

1,700

940

1,780

1,780

1,780

1,780

1,700

1,700

940

1,560

1,630

1,630

1,630

1,700

1,630

545

990

1,420

1,490

1,490

1,160

July.

1,160

161

580

850

1,040

1,040

1,040

1,040

124

545

650

615

580

615

615

135

278

455

545

545

545

650

161

485

545

425

369

161

141

119

650

Aug.

1,100

895

397

147

124

92

96

329

397

485

485

485

76

105

100

455

485

100

84

68

80

485

485

105

96

88

80

329

290

265

278

Sept.

290

316

342

369

425

485

455

425

397

64

. 54

118

545

580

615

615

135

316

' 455

485

485

316

9Qfl

41

218

425

397

369

369

342

Oct.

28

196

. 455

397

369

369

342

22

114

147

161

177

177

207

26

369

485

515

485

485

515

114

265

425

485

485

485

425

119

186

397

Nov.

425

485

485

455

47

124

265

485

545

515

485

80

1,280

1,040

940

850

810

850

154

1,100

1,350

1,280

1,350

1,350

1,350

oon

990

1,160

1,160

1,160

Dec.

1,160

1,160

1,220

1,350

1,350

1,420

1,420

1,420

1,420

425

1,350

1,420

1,490

1,490

1,560

1,630

2,950

2,950

2,650

2,650

2,560

2,650

2,560

1,940

1,780

2,750

2,750

2,290

2,290

9 90ft

2,290

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a well-defined discharge rating curve. The accuracy of the 

daily discharge is not greatly affected by the operation of the mill above the station, as the plant runs 

continuously except occasionally on Sundays or other times when it is closed for repairs.

Monthly discharge of Raquette River at Piercefield, N. Y., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 723 square miles.]

Month.

February. ..............................

April...................................

May....................................

July....................................

October. ................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

850 

1,040 

945 

3,980 

5,880 

2,750 

1,160 

1,100 

615 

515 

1,350 

2,950

5,880

Minimum.

88 

88 

88 

88 

2,380 

580 

119 

76 

41 

22 

47 

425

22

Mean.

587 

715 

543 

2,030 

4,120 

1,600 

544 

293 

358 

304 

785 

1,890

1,150

Per 

square 

mile.

0.812 

.989 

.751 

2.81 

5.71 

2.22 

.752 

.405 

.495 

.420 1.09- 

2.61

1.59

Run-off 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

0.94 

1.03 

.87 

3.14 

6.58 

2.48 

.87 

.47 

.55 

.48 

1.22 

3.01

21.64

Accuracy.

B. 

B. 

B. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

B. 

A.

KAQUETTE EIVER AT MASSENA SPRINGS, N. Y.

Location. At highway bridge at Massena Springs, N. Y., 1,000 feet above the New 

York Central & Hudson Eiver Railroad bridge used for freight transfer from the 

railroad station to the Massena power plant, one-fourth mile from the* New York 

Central & Hudson River Railroad station on the highway bridge leading to 

Massena, 8 miles below Raymondville, and 10 miles above the mouth of the 

stream.
ST. LAWKENCE KIVEB BASIN. 77

Records available. September 21,1903, to October 17,1903; April 9,1904, to December 31, 1911; data also in annual reports of New York State engineer and surveyor, New York State Water Supply Commission, and New York State Conservation Commission.

Drainage area. 1,170 square miles.

Gage. Original gage a vertical staff fastened to a stone wall on the left bank' 25 feet 

upstream from the bridge. Staff gage was replaced August 16,1906, by a standard 

chain gage fastened to upstream side of highway bridge. The datum of the chain 

gage was made 1 foot lower than the staff gage in order to avoid negative readings. During the summer and fall of 1911 a new concrete bridge was constructed 

just below the old bridge. During the period of construction gage readings were 

obtained from a temporary staff gage fastened to the railroad bridge. Readings 

were also made at the regular gage, and special discharge measurements were 

made to develop the proper discharge rating curves for this period.

Channel. Bed of river of coarse gravel and small bowlders; permanent; current 

good at all points; formerly one channel, now two; slight correction necessary 

for angle.

Discharge measurements. Previous to construction of new bridge, made from 

upstream side of highway bridge; no measurements have yet been made from 

new bridge. The new bridge has two spans and will undoubtedly cause some 

change in the discharge rating curve.

Artificial control. The operation of a number of power plants above the station 

has marked'effect on the low-water discharge of the stream. These plants are 

usually run for 24-hour power but are closed on Sundays. The effect of the 

Sunday closing is shown in the stream for several days.

Winter flow. Ice forms at this station to a thickness of 3 feet and considerably 

affect the relation of gage height to discharge for December, January, February, and March.

Accuracy. Determinations of monthly discharge considered good, but those of daily 

discharge may be considerably in error for low-water periods due to artificial control. Monthly estimates for periods during which ice is present also subject to 

large errors.

Cooperation. Maintained in cooperation with New York State Conservation Commission.

Discharge measurements of Raquette River at Mas&ena Springs, N. Y., in 1911.

Date.

1911. 

Feb. 20*

Apr. 12c

July 3

11

12

12

Nov. 21

Hydrographer.

W. G.Hoyt.. ............................................................

C. 8. De Golyer. ..........................................................

G. H. Canfield.. ..........................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

C. S. De Golyer ..........................................................

Mean

Feet. 

4.48

9.51

2.79

1.80

<*1.84

«2.66

/2.30

J74.30

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

969

4,790

1,050

387

406

868

612

1,850

6 Measurement made under complete ice cover.

c Gage height, top of ice, 4.58 feet. Average thickness of ice, 2.24 feet. Open water at bridge. Ice jammed 

below and above, causing backwater. 

A Gage height, staff gage, 2.84 feet, 

e Gage height, staff gage, 3.30 feet. 

/ Gage height, staff gage, 3.64 feet. 

g Gage height, staff gage, 4.99 feet.
78 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

Daily gage height, infect, of Raquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y.,for 1911. 

[Fred L. Babcoek, observer.]

Day.-

\

1.. .............

2...............

3...............

4...............

5...............

6...............

7...............

8...............

9...............

10...............

11...............

12. ..............

13...............

14.-..--..-.-..-.

15. ..............

16...............

17...............

18...............

19...............

20. ..............

21...............

22. ..............

23...............

24...............

25...............

26..... ..........

27. ..............

28...............

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.4

4.4

Feb.

4.7

4.7

4.6

4.7

Mar.

4.6

4.8

5.1

5.3

.......

Apr.

5.9

10.5

9 4

9.2

8.6

8.2

8.0

8.0

7.6

7.4

7.4

7.4

7.4

7.2

7.2

7.1

7.2

7.6

7.8

8.0

8.1

May.

8.4

9.2

9.4

9.4

9.2

9.0

8.8

9.0

8.7

8.4

8.0

7.8

7.4

7.2

6.9

6.7

6.6

6.4

6.3

6.2

5.8

5.6

5.35

5.4

7.6

7.6

7.0

6.4

6.0

5.8

June.

5.6

5.5

5.6

5.2

5.2

4.8

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.6

4.0

4.4

4.4

4.,6

4.4

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.4

4.0

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

3.6

3.8

3.8

3.8

3.7

3.65

July.

3.6

3.3

3.0

3.0

3.0

3.4

3.2

2.8

2.25

2.2

3.0

3.1

2.8

1.85

1.75

1.75

2.0

3.1

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.8

1.9

1.55

1.7

2.45

2.35

2.0

1.85

1.65

1.65

Aug.

1.8

2.05

1.85

1.75

1.5

1.65

1.8

1.85

2.0

1.85

1.75

1.55

1.75

1.75

1.85

1.85

2.05

1.82

1.75

1.75

1.45

1.55

1.85

1.9

1.95

1.9

1.7

1.6

1.75

1.75

1.85

Sept.

1.75

2.05

1.7

1.8

1.75

2.0

1.85

1.75

1.8

2.8

1.8

3.35

3.3

3.1

3.25

3.85

3.85

2.9

3.15

3.3

3.15

2.9

2.85

2.9

3.1

3.5

3.1

2.9

3.0

2.85

Oct.

2.8

3.8

3.5

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.6

3.4

3.7

4.3

3.6

3.6

3.0

3.6

2.95

2.8

3.3

3.4

3.6

3.3

3.3

3.35

' 3.25

3.6

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.8

3.6

3.9

3.8

Nov.

3.7

3.35

3.9

3.9

3.7

3.25

3.9

4.0

3.7

4.3

4.4

4.4

3.6

4.2

4.4

4.0

4.2

4.7

5.1

5.5

5.2

4.8

4.8

4.6

5.2

5.0

4.6

4.8

4.8

4.9

.......

Dec.

5.4

5.2

4.8

6.2

6.5

5.8

6.1

5.2

5.0

5.0

5.4

5.6

5:7

7.1

7.0

7.1

6.8

6.8

5.8

5.7

5.6

5.4

5.8

6.0

6.0

6.0

5.6

5.6

7.7

8.8

8.6

NOTE. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice from Jan. 1 to about Apr. 16 and from about 

Dec. 29 to 31. Gage heights to water surface, except those for Jan. 1 and 7, which are to the top of the ice.

From about July 1 to Dec. 13 the gage heights read from the chain gage were affected by construction 

work at the new bridge. Some uncertainty also exists regarding the gage heights from Dec. 19 to 31, owing 

to the possibility of a permanent change in the relation of gage height to discharge, caused by the construction work at the bridge, which was completed on Dec. 13. All gage readings were taken on the chain gage, 

except for the periods Sept. 12 to Dec. 3 and Dec. 7 to 18, when they were read from a temporary staff gage 

established on the railroad bridge below the bridge to which the chain gage is attached.

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Raquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y., for 1911.

Day.

1. ..........................

2...........................

3...........................

4...........................

5...........................

6...........................

7...........................

8...........................

9...........................

10............................

11...........................

12...........................

13...........................

14...........................

15...........................

16...........................

17...........................

18...........................

19...........................

20...........................

Apr.

A. snn

5,000

5,500

6,000

6,200

6,590

a /MA

5,780

5.780

May.

7,160

8,350

8,650

8,650

8,350

8,050

7,750

8,0,50

7 600

7,160

6,590

5,780

5,520

5,150

4 Gift

4 7Qft

4,560

4,440

4.330

June.

3,680

3,580

3,680

3,280

3,2£0

2,880

2,880

2

7AA

2,500

2 700

2,140

2,500

2,500

2

cnn

2,420

2,320

2,500

2.140

July.

1,660

1,200

1,200

1,200

1,500

1,350

1,060

705

675

1,200

1,280

1,060

AQf)

442

565

1,280

990

925

Aug.

465

592

490

442

335

398

465

AQf)

565

490

442

355

442

490

490

592

475

442

442

Sept.

365

505

345

385

365

480

408

365

385

945

385

662

635

wn

608

980

980

430

555

635

Oct.

385

945

750

580

580

530

810

690

875

1 <lftA

810

810

480

810

455

385

635 Aon

810

635

Nov.

875

662

1,020

1,020

875

608

1,020

1 '875 080

1,300

1,380

1,380

810

1,230

1,380

1,080

1,230

1,610

1

QJ.A

2.300

Dec.

2,200

2,020

1,690

3,650

4,000

3,250

2,900

2,020

1,850 i ssn

2,200

2,400

2,500

4,040

3,920

4 040

3' 680

3

£QA

3,680

3.560
ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN. 79

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Raguette River at Massena Springs, N. Y., for 1911 

Continued.

Day.

21...........................

22. ..........................

23...........................

24...........................

25...........................

26...........................

27...........................

28...........................

29...........................

30...........................

31...........................

Apr.

5,780

i 7sn

5,520

5,520

5,400

5,520

6,040

6,310

6,590

6,730

May.

3,890

3,680

3,420

3,480

A fUfl

6,040

5,270

4,560

4,440

4,110

3,890

June.

2,240

2,240

2,140

1,800

t Qfift

1,960

1,960

1,880

1,840

July.

860

1 060

* ill

355

420

828

765

565

490

398

398

Aug.

315

355

408

430

455

430

345

305

365

365

408

Sept.

555

430

408

430

530

750

530

430

480

408

Oct.

635

662

608

810

(UH

810

690

945

810

1,020

945

Nov.

2,020

1,690

1,690

1,530

2,020

1,850

1,530

1,690

1,690

1,770

Dec.

3,450

3,230

3,680

3,920

3,920

3,920

3,450

3,450

3.300

3,200

3,000

NOTE. Daily discharge determined by means of four discharge rating curves: (1) A well-defined curve, 

used during 1910, applicable for the open-water period until June 30; (2) a rating curve based on a measurement made July 3, applicable July 1 to Aug. 22, curve only fairly we.ll defined and period of application 

uncertain; (3) a well-defined curve constructed from four measurements made during September, and 

applicable, though with some uncertainty regarding the period, from Aug. 23 to Sept. 11, and (4) a 

well-defined curve constructed from measurements made during September and November, and applicable to the staff gage readings Sept. 12 to Dec. 3 and Dec. 7 to 18; also applicable to chain gage readings 

Dec. 4 to 6 and Dec. 19 to 31, with a correction of +0.6 foot for Dec. 4 to 6 and +1.0 foot for Dec. 19-31. 

Daily discharge May 13 to 16 and Dec. 29 to 31 estimated.

Monthly discharge of Raquette River at Massena Springs, N. Y., for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 1,170 square miles.]

Month.

March...................................

April....................................

May.....................................

July.....................................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

6,730 

8,650 

3,680 

1,660 

592 

980 

1,300 

2,300 

4,040

8,650

Minimum.

3,420 

1,800 

355 

305 

345 

385 

608 

1,690

305

Mean.

1,400 

1,200 

1,350 

4,800 

5,840 

2,520 

881 

436 

530 

737 

1,370 

3,150

2,020

Per 

square 

mile.

1.20 

1.03 

1.15 

4.10 

4.99 

2.15 

.753 

.373 

.453 

.630 

1.17 

2.69

1.73

Run-oft 

(depth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.38 

1.07 

1.33 

4.57 

5.75 

2.40 

.87 

.43 

.51 

.73 

1.30 

3.10

23.44

Accuracy.

D. 

C. 

C. 

B.

A. 

A. 

B. 

B.

A. 

A. 

A. 

B.

NOTE. Discharge Jan. 1 to Apr. 11 determined from the discharge at Piercefield plus an inflow between 

Piercefield and Massena Springs estimated from consideration of general conditions affecting run-off in 

northern New York. Mean discharge Apr. 1 to 11 estimated 3,000 second-feet.

BOG RIVER NEAR TUPPER LAKE, N. Y.

Location. Mouth of Bog River, head of Tapper Lake, 1J miles below the junction 

of Bog River and the outlet from Round Pond.

Records available. August 24, 1908, to December 31, 1911. Published also in 

annual reports of the New York State Water-Supply Commission and the NewYork State engineer and surveyor.

Drainage area. 132 square miles.

Gage. Staff, fastened to the left wing wall of an unused dam; read once daily; 

datum unchanged since established.

Channel. Possibly shifting, as the bed is composed of rock en one side and gravel 

on the other. The crest of the dam with the brink of the adjacent falls forms a 

control point considered permanent.
80 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PART IV.

Discharge measurements. Made from a car and cable about If miles above the

gage and immediately below the mouth of the outlet from Round Pond. 

Artificial control. The flow is more or less regulated during the spring for log

driving. The operation of a small power plant on the main stream causes some

variation in the daily gage heights during the low-water periods in the summer. 

Winter flow. The gage heights are usually not observed during December to March

on account of ice. 

Accuracy. Low-water portion of the discharge curve well developed. As few

higher measurements have been made, determinations of discharge for stages

above gage height 4 feet may be somewhat in error. 

Cooperation. Established and maintained in cooperation with the Water Supply

Commission of the State of New York.

Bog River and its tributary drain a number of small lakes and ponds, among which, 

are Higgens First, Second, and Third ponds on Bog River, and Round Pond and Little 

Tupper Lake on the tributary, all of which lie south and southwest of Big Tupper 

Lake. The station is important, in connection with stations on the Raquette at 

Raquette Falls and Piercefield, to the study of storage feasible in Tupper Lake.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Bog River near Tupper Lake, N. Y.,for 1911. 

[B. O. Lott, observer.]

Day.

I.... ................ ...'...T. ......

2....................................

3....................................

4....................................

5....................................

6....................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13....................................

14....................................

15....................................

16....................................

17....................................

18....................................

19....................................

20....................................

21....................................

22... ........ .........................

23....................................

24....................................

25.....................................

26....................................

27....................................

28....................................

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

2.1

2 1

2.2

2.4

2.7

2.7

2.6

2 Q

3 9

3.7

4.0

4.1

4.1

4.3

4.3

4

0

4.3

4 9

4.3

4.3

4

0

4.3

4.2

4.3

May.

4.5

4.9

4 Q

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.5

4.2

4.0

3.8

3.5

3.2

3.1

3

f\

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.5

3.0

3.5

3 A

3.4

3.4

3.2

3.0

June.

3.0

3.0

2.8

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.8

2.8

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.6

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.4

2.6

2.5

2.3

2.2

2.1

2.1

2.1

2.0

July.

2.0

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

. 1.5

1.5

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.1

1.1

Aug.

1.1

1.1

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.9

.9

.8

.8

.8

.9

.9

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

.9

.9

.9

' 1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

Sept.

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

Oct.

1.3

4.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

2.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

Nov.

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.5

1.6

1.9

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.7

2.8

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.7

2.9

3.1

3.1

NOTE. No information available regarding the extent to which ice existed at this station during 1911.
ST. LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN. 81

Daily discharge, in second-feet, of Bog River near Tupper Lake, N. Y.,far 1911.

Day.

1... .................................

2.....................',..............

3....................................

4......................... .......

5....................................

6..................................

7....................................

8....................................

9....................................

10.....................................

11....................................

12....................................

13...........................

14...................................

15....................................

16............................ ...

17....................................

18. .........................

19

20. ...................................

21.........................

22..............................

23....................................

24....................................

25

26.........'..........................

27....................................

28........................... . ... .

29....................................

30....................................

31....................................

Apr.

180

186

186

208

254

310

340

340

310

415

535

770

940

1,060

1,000

1,000

1,060

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,060

1,060

1,060

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,130

1,060

1,130

May.

1,260

1,540

1,540

1,470

1,470

1,400

1,260

1,060

940

825

670

535

495

456

455

Vrf,

340

310

280

280

254

OQfl

qiA

455

cne

670

625

at)K

625

535

AKK

June.

455

455

375

375

375

310

375

375

310

254

254

254

254

280

310

280

254

254

254

280

254

254

310

280

230

203

186

186

186

166

July.

166

166

148

131

115

100

100

100

100

85

85

72

72

72

72

72

72

72

72

85

85

f>

48

48

48

48

37

*>7

28

ft"}

37

Aug.

37

37

28

28

28

28

28

28

28

20

20

20

20

14

14

14

20

20

28

28

20

20

20

20

20

20

20

28

28

28

28

Sept.

28

28

28

28

28

28

28

28

28

37

48

48

48

48

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

00

60

60

60

72

72

72

72

Oct.

60

60

60

60

72

72

85

72

72

72

72

72

72

72

72

72

72

72

85

85

72

72

85

85

85

85

85

72

72

72

72

Nov.

72

72

72

72

72

85

85

85

85

100

148

254

280

280

280

310

310

340

340

375

375

340

310

310

310

310

340

415

495

495

NOTE. Daily discharge determined from a discharge rating curve feirly well denned below about 80 

second-feet. Discharge Apr. 1 estimated.

' Monthly discharge of Bog River near Tupper Lake, N. Y.,for 1911. 

[Drainage area, 132 square miles.]

Month.

i

January.. ...............................

March... ................................

May....................................

June. ...................................

July....................................

August... ...............................

October.................................

November. .............................

December. ..............................

Discharge in second-feet.

Maximum.

1,130 

1,540 

455 

166 

37 

72 

85 

495

1,540

Minimum.

iso

254 

166 

28 

14 

28 

60 

72

14

Mean.

120 

100 

120 

783 

723 

286 

80.1 

23.9 

49.6 

73.5 

947 

450

255

Per 

square 

mile.

0.909 

.758 

.909 

5.93 

5.48 

2.17 

.607 

.181 

.376 

.£59 

1.87 

3.41

1.93

Run-off 

d(epth in 

inches on 

drainage 

area).

1.05 

.79 

1.05 

6.62 

6.32 

2.42 

.70 

.21 

.42 

.64 

2.09 

3.93

20.24

Accuracy.

D. 

D. 

D. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

A. 

C. i 

A. 

A. 

A. 

D. j

NOTE. Discharge January, February, March, and December estimated from olimatologie records and 

general conditions of run-off in northern New York.

ST. REGIS RIVER AT BRASHER CENTER, N. Y.

Location. At the steel highway bridge in the village of Brasher Center, 5 miles 

. downstream from Brasher Falls, 6J miles below the junction of East and West

branches of St. Regis River, and about 12 miles above the mouth. 

Records available. August 22, 1910, to December 31, 1911. Data published also 

in annual reports of State Water Supply Commission and State Conservation 

Commission of New York. 

47883° W8P 304 12 6
82 SUBFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

Drainage area. 621 square miles (measured on post-route map).

Gage. Chain, fastened to downstream side of bridge; read twice daily; datum 

unchanged.

Channel. Very rough; composed of gravel and large bowlders; considered permanent. Velocity of current at high stages very swift and water rough.

Discharge measurements. At low stages made by wading about 500 feet below 

the bridge; at high stages made from the bridge.

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge affected by ice.

Accuracy. Discharge rating curve not yet developed.

Cooperation. Established by United States Geological Survey in cooperation with 

the State Water Supply Commission of New York.

Discharge measurements of St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y., in 1911.

Date.

Feb. 20o

Apr. 13

13

July 2

Hydrographer.

C. S. De Golyer.. ........................................................

.... .do. ...................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

7.15

6.30

6.26

4.57

Discharge.

Sec.-fl. 

526

3,750

3,650

709

o Measurement made under complete ice cover about 400 feet above gage. Gage height to top of ice 7.20 

feet; average thickness of ice 0.85 foot.

Daily gage height, in feet, of St. Regis River at Brasher Center, N. Y., for 1911.

Day.

1...................

2...................

3....................

4...................

5...................

6...................

7...................

8...................

9...................

10. .........".........

11...................

12...................

13...................

14...................

15...................

16...... ..............

17...................

18...................

19...................

20...................

21...................

22...................

23... . ....

24...................

25...................

26...................

27...................

28...................

29...................

30...................

31...................

Mar.

7 Q<;

6.88

6.15

 5.80

Apr.

5.70

5.55

5.60

5.40

5.15

8.25

8.70

8.80

7 9f%

6.60

6.35

6.20

6 40

6.70

6.85

6.80

6.75

6.65

6.10

6.25

5.95

6.15

6.18

6.02

6.00

6.18

6

00

6 OK

6.28

6.25

May.

6.20

6.68

6.32

6.20

5.90

5.80

5.55

5.50

5.42

5.35

5.30

5.30

5.12

5.05

5.15

4.55

4.85

4.68

4.75

4.55

4.58

4 65

4.78

4.70

5.95

5.55

5

0C

5.05

4.85

4.75

June.

4.75

4.72

4.82

4 80

4.74

4.80

4.85

4.65

4.68

4.90

4.65

4.80

4.92

5.12

5.15

5.25

5.12

4.95

4.72

4.60

4 79

4.82

4.65

4.52

4.38

4.38

4.58

4.60

4.55

4

KQ

July.

4.55

4.52

4.55

4.62

4.56

4.48

4.62

4.45

4.48

4.41

4.42

4.45

4.18

4.15

4.08

4.15

4.08

4.32

4.25

4.35

4.22

4 19

4.10

4.08

A. 1H

4.05

4.18

3 OS

4 09

3

QC

3.98

Aug.

4.28

4.25

4.10

4.08

4.15

4 99

4.29

4.28

4.20

4.32

4 15

4.05

A 10

4.12

4 08

A 1 1;

4.12

4.09

4 1 9

4.25

4.25

4 99

4.22

A Oft

4.21

4.15

4

00

4.38

Sept.

4.15

4.05

4.02

4.05

4.10

lit;

4.75

4.78

4.68

4 45

A in

4.38

4 35

4.38

4 45

4.38

4.32

4.28

4.40

A An

4.38

4.25

4.22

4.25

4.22

4.35

472

3 H9

4.42

4.35

Oct.

4.42

4.45

4.42

4.60

5.00

5.20

5.12

4

QK

4.78

4.68

4 45

4

Af\

4.55

4.48

4

OQ

4.36

4.38

4.45

4.55

4.06

4.52

4.52

4 45

4 48

4.35;

4.45 4 44

4 At)

4.41

4

QO

4

AQ

Nov.

4 48

4.72

4.75

4.59

4.52

4.51

4.60

4

QA

5 AS

5.06

5 04

5 04

4.85

4 84

4.82

4.76

4 80

4 on

5.15

5 Aft

5

e\a

5.04

4.92 4 49

A' 7S

A 79

4.70

4.75

S on

£36

Dec.

e oo

5

00

5.08

4.95

4.85

4 71

4.78

4.72

4

QK

5.10

5

qE

5

KO

6.10

6.08

5 $29

5 no

5

qE

K Oft

5.40

5.32

E 1 O

5.55

5.60

5.42

5

QQ

S

on

5 7ft

5.95

NOTE. Belation of gage height to discharge probably affected by backwater from ice during the latter 

part of. March, the first part of April, and the last few days of December. It is not known when the ice 

passed out of the river.
ST. LAWBENCE RIVER BASIN. 83

RICHELIEU RIVER AND LAKE CHAMPLAIN. 

LAKE CHAMPLAIN AT BURLINGTON, VT.

Location. On the south side of the roadway leading to the dock of the Cliamplain 

Transportation Co. at Burlington, Vt., at a point about 80 feet from the road at 

the foot of King Street.

Records available. May, 1907, to December 31, 1911.

Gage. Staff; read once daily. Comparison of gage readings, made under the direction of Prof. A. D. Butterfield on calm days during 1907-8, indicate that the 

zero of the gage at Burlington is at practically the same elevation as that of the 

gage at Fort Montgomery, namely, 92.50 feet above mean sea level.

Cooperation. Gage heights at Burlington and tables showing dates when the ice 

went out and transportation began, furnished through the courtesy of Mr. D. A. 

Loomis, general manager of the Champlain Transportation Co.

Daily gage height, in feet, of Lake Champlain at Burlington, Vt.,for 1911.

Day.

1........ .......

2............... 

3...............

5...............

6............... 

7...............

8...............

9...............

10............... 

11...............

12............... 

13...............

14...............

15............... 

16...............

17...............

18............... 

19............... 

20...............

21...............

22...............

23...............

24............... 

25...............

26...............

27...............

28............... 

29...............

30...............

31...............

Jan.

"i.'so'

2.00

2.20

.......

Feb.

.......

.......

.......

.......

-----

2.i6

Mar.

.......

.......

«2.10 

02.20

o2.10

o2.10 

'l.70

1.70

1.80

.......

1.90

2.15

2 Aft

2.80

Apr.

" "2." 94" 

2.97

3.05 

3.38

3.82

4.48 

4 64

4.75 

4.90

5.05

5.33

S

CO

5.90 

5.92 

5.93

5.94

5.95

5.90 

5.90

5.89

5.90

5.95

S

QK

May.

6.00

6.05 

6.25 

6.23

6.15

6.10 

5.95

5.85

5.80

5

7ft

5.55 

5.40

5.25

5.12

5.05

4.95 

4.85 

4.80

4.55

4.40 

4.30

4.20

4.10

3.90

3.80

June.

3.75

3.65 

3.55

3.48

3.40 

3.30

3.25

3.15

3.12

3.05 

3.00

2.95

2.90

2.75 

2.68

2.60

2

KK

2.50 

2.40

2.35

2.30

9 9R

9 9fi

July.

2.15 "i'io"

2.00 

1.95

1.80

1.80

1.70 

1.65

1.60

1.58

1.55

1.51 

1.45

1.40

1.40

1.30 

1.25

1.20

1.20

1.20 

1.15

1.15

Aug.

1.10 

1.10 

1.10

1.10

"i.'os"

.85

.85 

.85

.85

80

.80 

.80

.78

.78 

.78

.70

.70

.70

.65 

.64

60

.52

.60

60

.60

Sept.

0.60

.60 ""eo"

.60

.60 

.60

.......

.65

.55

.52

.56 

.60 

.60

.58

60

.57

KO

Oct.

.......

"6." 65"

.65

.65 

.68

.68 

.70

.70

.65

.65

.65 

.75 

.85

.90

1.00

1.05 

1.05

1.10

1.10

1.10

i.io

1.15

Nov.

1.10

1.10 

1.10 

1.00

1.05

1.10 

1.10

1.10

1.10

1.10 

1.05 "i.'io"

1.10

1.10 

1.10

1.15

1.20 

1.28

1.30

1.30

1.30 

1.30

1.30

1.35 

1.40

1.40

Dec.

1.50

1.50 "i.'so

1.50

1.50 

1.55

1.55

1.50

1.55

1.60 

1.70

1.90

2.10 

2.20

2.30 

2.30 

2.30

2.30

2.30

2.45

"2." 50 

2.70

2.90

2.90 

2.90

2.80

a To top of ice.

NOTE. The lake vas frozen at the gage during January, February, March, and April. The thickest toe 

recorded was 18J inches Mar. 13 and 20. No ice notes for the latter part of the year.

RICHELIEU RIVER AT FORT MONTGOMERY, ROUSES POINT, N. Y.

Location. About half a mile from the head of Richelieu River at the outlet of Lake 

Champlain, about 1 mile northeast of the village of Rouses Point and three-eighths 

of a mile south of the Canadian boundary; in the fort.

Records available. 1875 to 1911; data published in the reports of the Deep Waterways Survey, the annual reports of the State engineer and surveyor of the State 

of New York, and in the water-supply papers of the United States Geological 

Survey. Gage heights for 1911 will be published in the 1912 report.
84 SUBFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

Drainage area. 8,180 square miles at Chambly.

Gage. Staff, read once daily. Elevation of gage zero at Fort Montgomery is 92.50 

feet above mean sea level; high-water level is at elevation 101.6 feet; probably 

lowest elevation recorded at Fort Montgomery is 91.9 feet November 13, 1908.

Determination of flow. The daily discharge of the lake has been determined from 

observations of depth and discharge over the Chambly dam, 35 miles below the 

head of Richelieu River, made in 1898 by the United States Board of Deep 

Waterways. A discharge rating curve has been constructed from the observations at Chambly dam and the gage readings at Rouses Point. The area tributary 

to the river between Rouses Point and Chambly is 310 square miles.

Winter flow. Relation of gage height to discharge probably affected by ice, as the 

entire surface of Lake Champlain freezes over dearly every winter.

Cooperation. Observations of gage heights are made under the direction of the 

Corps of Engineers of the United States Army. Gage readings reported weekly 

to the Survey through the courtesy of Maj. Edward Burr.

Accuracy. Gage heights and estimates of daily discharge since 1907 are withheld 

pending verification of the rating curve.

AUSABLE EIVEE AT AUSABLE FOEKS, N. Y.

Location. In the village of Ausable Forks, immediately below the junction of the

East and West branches and about 15 miles above the mouth of the river. 

Records available. August 17, 1910, to December 31, 1911. Data also in annual

reports of the New York State Water Supply Commission and New York State

Conservation Commission.

Drainage area. 439 square miles (measured on post-route map). 

Gage. Chain, on the left bank, about 100 feet below the junction of East and West

branches of Ausable River; read twice daily; datum unchanged. 

Channel. Sand and gravel; liable to shift. Divided by an island. 

Discharge measurements. Made from a car hung on a cable about 1£ miles below

the gage. At this place the river flows in one channel. 

Winter flow. Ice may form on the riffles below the gage and either divert or cause

backwater. 

Accuracy. Conditions at the measuring section good. Discharge rating curve not

yet developed. 

Cooperation. Established by the United States Geological Survey in cooperation

with the State Water Supply Commission of New York.

Discharge measurements of Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y., in 1911.

Date.

TTttT-i OIVx

Apr. 14

14

Aug. 106

Hydrographer.

G. H. Canfield. ..........................................................

:....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.63

4.96

4.97

3.73

3.54

Discharge.

Sec.-ft.

188

2,130

2,160

308

152

a Measurement made by wading about 300 feet above gage. Section at cable frozen over. Average 

thickness, 1.2 feet. Section at gage nearly clear of ice. 

& Measurements by wading at cable section.
ST. LAWBENCE EIVEE BASIN. 85

Daily gage height, in feet, of Ausable River at Ausable Forks, N. Y.,for 1911. 

[H. Edward Minor, observer.]

Day.

1..........

2..........

3..........

4..........

5..........

6..........

7..........

8. .........

9..........

10..........

11..........

12..........

13..........

U.. ........

15..........

16..........

17..........

18..........

19..........

20..........

21..........

22..........

23..........

24..........

25..........

26..........

27..........

28..........

29..........

30..........

O1 31..........

Feb.

3.63

3.60

3.92

4.07

Mar.

3.82

3.65

3.92

3.63

3.65

, 3.76

3.88

3.66

3.65

3.62

3.63

3.66

3.92

3.86

3.90

4.02

3. 98

3.72

3.64

3.68

3.73

3.70

3.82

4.70

3.91

4.18

4.46

4.85

4.36

4.14

3.98

Apr.

3.90

3.97

3.99

4.03

3.84

5.05

5.9

5.00

4.27

4.33

4.29

4.30

4.48

5.10

5.6

5.00

4.60

4.45

4.28

4.38

4.34

4.28

4.28

4.22

4.44

4.75

4.95

5.35

5.55

5.55

May.

5.7

7.1

5.15

4.70

4.35

4.25

4.30

4.65

4.80

4.80

4.65

4.75

4.55

4.14

4.09

3.93

4.47

3.94

4.09

4.07

3.91

3.97

3.92

4.03

4.11

4.09

3.95

3.83

3.83

3.72

3.69

June.

3.87

4.01

3.87

3.79

3.81

3.71

3.77

3.67

3.88

3.94

3.91

3.99

452

4.31

4.17

4.23

" 4. 15

3.95

3.83

3.79

3.76

3.73

3.71

3.75

3.55

3.85

3.69

3.66

July.

3.69

3.59

3.67

3.60

3.58

3.58

3.60

3.57

3.53

3.57

3.56

3.52

3.56

3.48

3.48

3.54

3.56

3.61

3.70

3.62

3.56

3.56

3.49

3.53

3.54

3.60

3.79

3.55

3.55

3.55

3.60

Aug.

3.52

3.53

3.53

3.54

3.50

3.49

3.56

3.58

3.60

3.55

3.56

3.51

3.52

3.53

3.52

3-56

3.52

3.50

3.48

3.54

3.66

3.53

3.56

3.55

3.62

3.55

3.54

3.56

, 3.64

3.68

3.63

Sept.

3.61

3.57

3.57

3.57

3.58

4.00

4.18

3.84

3.63

3.64

3.62

3.64

3.66

3.62

3.62

3.67

3.61

3.70

3.62

3.62

3.56

3.66

3.62

3.58

3.72

3.64

3.68

3.62

3.64

3.68

Oct.

3.64

3.72

3.68

3.70

4.35

4.16

3.94

3.75

3.78.

3.76

3.76

3.69

3.64

3.63

3.64

3.63

3.58

3.69

4.36

4.19

4.05

4.10

4.20

4.06

3.92

3.82

3.78

3.77

3.66

3.66

3.69

Nov.

3.70

3.77

3.78

3.76

3.63

3.67

3.77

4.13

4.00

3.88

3.88

3.95

4.43

4.07

3.91

3.82

3.80

3.84

3.86

3.80

3.78

3.72

3.68

3.74

3.76

3.51

3.65

3.69

4.02

4.02

Dec.

3.98

3.89

3.76

3.84

3.78

3.76

3.70

3.71

3.75

3.65

3.99

4.70

5.7

4.85

4.44

4.18

4.15

4.05

3.88

4.14

3.99

3.80

4.56

4.68

4.28

4.14

 3.97

3.92

, 4.22

4.70

4.70

NOTE. The relation of gage height to discharge was known to be affected by ice Feb. 25. 

that there was also backwater effect from ice from Jan. 1 until some time in March.

EAST CREEK NEAR RUTLAND, VT.

It is probable

Location. At Lester Bridge, on the road from Rutland to Brandon, Vt., about 3 

miles north of Rutland, 2J miles below the union of the two branches which 

drain Blue Ridge Mountain, and 3J miles above the confluence with Otter River.

Records available. August 9 to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 47 square miles.

Gage. Vertical staff fastened to the left-hand downstream side of the bridge.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the bridge or by wading.

Artificial control. The flow of the stream is regulated by two dams near the headwaters and one dam about a mile below the station. The upper dams store considerable water. The relation between gage heights and discharge is not affected 

by backwater from the dam below.

Accuracy.. Accurate computation of the diurnal fluctuation of discharge caused by 

the operation of the mills above the station has been rendered impossible by insufficient funds. It is proposed to install an automatic gage to determine the 

relation between the daily gage heights heretofore recorded and the true mean 

gage heights, thus making possible the publication of accurate computations of 

daily discharge from the inception of the station to date. The gage heights for 

1911 are withheld pending this investigation, as no gage heights recorded at this 

station are true indices of the daily discharge.
86 SUEFACE WATER SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

Discharge measurements of East Creek near Rutland, Vt., in 1911.

Date.

Aug. 7«

Hydrographer.

G. H. CsatLelA. ..........................................................

.....do ...................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

3.59

3.69

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

46.0

57.2

a Wading 150 feet downstream from bridge. 

WINOOSKI RIVER ABOVE STEVENS BRANCH, NEAR MOXTPELIER, VT.

Location. At the plant of the Corry-Deavitt & Frost Co., 3 miles above Montpelier, 

Vt., above the several large tributaries that enter in the vicinity of Montpelier.

Records available. May 18, 1909, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. Not measured.

Gage. Staff bolted to a bowlder on the right bank about 100 feet below the power 

plant; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the lower railroad bridge^about half a mile 

below the gage.

Artificial control. As the power plant is operated on a 24-hour schedule, daily 

fluctuations in the stage of the river are usually not great.

Winter flow. Considerable effect by anchor ice.

Accuracy. Accurate computation of the diurnal fluctuation of discharge caused by 

the operation of the mills above the station has been rendered impossible by insufficient funds. It is proposed to install an automatic gage to determine the relation between the daily gage heights heretofore recorded and the true mean gage 

heights, thus making possible the publication of accurate computations of daily 

discharge from the inception of the station to date. The gage heights for 1911 are 

withheld pending this investigation, as no gage heights recorded at this station 

are true indices of the daily discharge.

Cooperation.-1-Station established in cooperation with State of Vermont. Gage 

heights have been furnished by the Corry-Deavitt & Frost Electric Co.

Discharge measurements of Winooski River above Stevens Branch, near Montpelier, Vt. t

in 1911.

Date.

216

5 c

6

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

licigiit*

Feet. 

2.64

2.19

2.19

1.75

2.38

Discharge.

8ec.-ft. 

136

43.6

43.9

8.5

71.9

a One turbine at 0.8 gate opening; other turbine at full gate opening. 

6 Only one turbine running at 0.5 gate opening.

c Neither wheel in operation; discharge indicates amount of water passing through the plant when the 

turbines are not being used.

NOTE. First measurement made at railroad bridge below; all others made in tailrace of power plant. 

WINOOSKI RIVER AT MONTPELIER, VT.

Location. At the covered wooden highway bridge near the Central Vermont Railroad station in Montpelier and near the plant of tne Colton Manufacturing Co., 

just above the mouth of Dog River.
ST. LAWRENCE KIVEK BASIN. 87

Records available. May 19, 1909, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. Not measured.

Gage. Chain, attached to the highway bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from a footbridge about half a mile below the 

highway bridge.

Winter flow. Relation between gage heights and discharge during the winter, 

months is sometimes affected by ice.

Accuracy. Accurate computation of the diurnal fluctuation of discharge caused by 

the operation of the mills above the station has been rendered impossible by 

insufficient funds. It is proposed to install an automatic gage to determine 

the relation between the daily gage heights heretofore recorded, and the true 

mean gage heights, thus making possible the publication of accurate computations of daily discharge from the inception of the station to date. The gage 

heights for 1911 are withheld pending this investigation, as no gage heights 

recorded at this station -are true indices of the daily discharge.

Cooperation. Station established in cooperation with the State of Vermont; gage 

readings furnished by the Colton Manufacturing Co.

Discharge measurements of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt., in 1911.

Date.

June 20 o

Hydrographer.

G. H. Canfleld....... ..'............................ .......................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

4.18

3.35

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

236

17.1

a Made from suspension bridge one-half mile below gage. 

6 Made by wading 1 mile below gage.

WOECESTEE BEANCH OF WINOOSKI EIVEE AT MONTPELIEE, VT.

Location. At Montpelier, a short distance below the plant of the Lane Manufacturing Co., near the junction of Worcester Branch with the main stream.

Records available. May 15, 1909, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. Not measured.

Gage. Vertical staff fastened to a stone wall and tree about 100 feet below the plant; 

datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from a steel highway bridge about 300 feet 

below the gage.

Winter flow. Relation between gage height and discharge during the winter months 

is materially affected by ice.

Accuracy. Accurate computation of the diurnal fluctuation of discharge caused by 

the operation of the mills above the station has been rendered impossible by 

insufficient funds. It is proposed to install an automatic gage to determine 

the relation between the daily gage heights heretofore recorded and the true mean 

gage heights, thus making possible the publication of accurate computations of 

daily discharge from the inception of the station to date. The gage heights for 

1911 are withheld pending this investigation, as no gage heights recorded at this 

station are true indices of the daily discharge.

Cooperation. Station established in cooperation with the State of Vermont. Gage 

readings furnished by the Lane Manufacturing Co.
88 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PART IV.

Discharge measurements of Worcester Branch of Winooski River at Montpelier, Vt. t

in 1911.

Date.

June 20 o

Hydrographer.

G. H. Canfleld............................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

1.07

.80

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

28.0

4.9

« Made from highway bridge about 500 feet below gage.

ft Made by wading near the gage. Power plant not in operation; measurement indicates leakage through wheels.

DOG BIVEB AT NORTHFIELD, VT.

Location. At the wooden highway bridge about 600 feet below the dam of the 

Rabidou Lumber Co. and about three-fourths of a mile from the railroad station 

at Northfield, Vt.

Records available. May 14,1909, to December 31,1911.

Drainage area. Not measured.

Gage. Staff attached to the highway bridge; datum unchanged.

Channel. Probably permanent.

Discharge measurements. Made from the highway bridge to which the gage is 

fastened, and also from a highway bridge near Norwich University.

Winter flow. Relation between gage height and discharge during the winter months 

seriously affected by ice.

Accuracy. Accurate computation of the diurnal fluctuation of discharge caused by 

the operation of the mills above the station has been rendered impossible by 

insufficient funds. It is proposed to install an automatic gage to determine the 

relation between the daily gage heights heretofore recorded and the true mean 

gage heights, thus making possible the publication of accurate computations of 

daily discharge from the inception of the station to date. The gage heights for 

1911 are withheld pending this investigation, as no gage heights recorded at this 

station are true indices of the daily discharge.

Cooperation. Station established in cooperation with the State of Vermont. With 

the exception of the computations of results and a few discharge measurements, 

all of the data for this station have been collected by students of Norwich University under the direction of Prof. C. S. Carleton.

The following discharge measurement was made by G. H. Canfield by wading 

100 feet above the bridge: 

June 19,1911: Gage height, 1.00 foot; discharge, 120 second-feet.

LAMOILLE RIVER AT JOHNSON, VT.

Location. At the highway bridge in the town of Johnson on the main road from

the railroad station to the post office about 400 feet above the mouth of Ginon

River. 

Records available.-^July 14, 1910, to December 31, 1911; from July 28, 1909, to

July 13, 1910, a station was maintained on the Lamoille at Morrisville. 

Drainage area. Not measured. 

Gage. Chain, fastened to the hand rail of the bridge. 

Channel. Probably permanent; bed composed of gravel; ledge rock projects from

the left bank; a small gravel riffle about 350 feet below the bridge will prevent

backwater at the gage. 

Discharge measurements. At high stages made from footbridge; at low stages

made by wading about 500 feet above the bridge.
ST. LAWEENCE EIVEE BASIN. 89

Accuracy. Accurate computation oi the diurnal fluctuation of discharge caused 

by the operation of the mills above the station has been rendered impossible by 

insufficient funds. It is proposed to install an automatic gage to determine the 

relation between the daily gage heights heretofore recorded and the two mean gage 

heights, thus making possible the publication of accurate computations of daily 

discharge from the inception of the* station to date. The gage heights for 1911 

are withheld pending this investigation, as no gage heights recorded at this 

station are true indices of the daily discharge.

Cooperation. Station established and maintained in cooperation with the State of

Vermont.

Discharge measurements of Lamoille River at Johnson, Vt., in 1911.

Date.

June 27

Aug. So

Hydrographer.

G. B. Canfleld...........................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height. ,

Feet.

2.12

2.09

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

104

95.8

a Made by wading 400 feet above the bridge.

MISSISQUOI EIVEE NEAE EICHFOED, VT.

Location. At the highway bridge 200 feet below the Central Vermont Railroad 

bridge, 3 miles downstream from Richford, about 3 miles below the mouth of 

North Branch, and 2 miles above the mouth of Trout River.

Records available. May 29,1909, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. 300 square miles.

Gage. Chain fastened to the downstream side of the bridge; installed June 26, 

1911. From May 29, 1909, to December 31, 1910, the gage was just below the 

plant of the Sweat, Comings Company; this site was found unsatisfactory because 

of the great daily fluctuations caused by the operation of the turbines.

Channel. Deep; banks not liable to be overflowed; bed composed of gravel, bowlders, and rock ledge; current sluggish at low stages. A well-defined riffle about 

half a mile downstream protects the gage from backwater from the mills.

Discharge measurements. At high stages made from downstream side of bridge; 

at low stages by wading.

Accuracy. Accurate computation of the diurnal fluctuation of discharge caused 

by the operation of the mills above the station has been rendered impossible by 

insufficient funds. It is proposed to install an automatic gage to determine the 

relation between the daily gage heights heretofore recorded and the true mean 

gage heights, thus making possible the publication of accurate computations of 

daily discharge from the inception of the station to date. The gage heights for 

1911 are 1 withheld pending this investigation, as no gage heights recorded at 

this station are true indices of the daily discharge.

Cooperation. Station established in cooperation with the State of Vermont.

Discharge measurements of Missisquoi River near Richford, Vt., in 1911.

Date.

A tier Aft

Hydrographer.

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

5.10

4.74

Dlscharge.

Sec.-ft. 

188

82.2

a Measurement made by wading J mile above the gage.
90 SURFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 19U, PAET TV.

TRIBUTARY THROUGH ST. FRANCIS RIVER. 

CLYDE RIVER AT WEST DERBY, VT.

Location. Just below the plant of the Newport Electric Light Co., at West 

Derby, Vt.

Records available. May 25,1909, to December 31, 1911.

Drainage area. Not measured.

Gage. Staff, in two sections; low section about 75 feet below the plant; high-water 

section nailed to a tree on the right bank 10 feet farther downstream; datum 

unchanged.

Channel. Bed rough; fall of river rapid near and below the station.

Discharge measurements. Made from highway bridge about half a mile below 

the gage.

Artificial control. At West Derby are two dams both operated under the same 

management; at the upper dam part of the water is used by a paper mill and 

the remainder is delivered to the water wheels at the electric plant through a 

steel penstock; the total operating head from this dam is about 108 feet. All 

the flow from the second dam is diverted to the wheels in the power house, giving 

a head of about 30 feet. Practically no water is stored at the upper dam, but a 

pond of considerable size may be made by building a dam above this point.

Accuracy. Accurate computation of the diurnal fluctuation of discharge caused 

by the operation of the mills above the station has been rendered impossible by 

insufficient funds. It is proposed to install an automatic gage to determine the 

relation bteween the daily gage heights heretofore recorded and the true mean 

gage heights, thus making possible the publication of accurate computations of 

daily discharge from the inception of the station to date. The gage heights for 

1911 are withheld pending this investigation, as no gage heights recorded at this 

station are true indices of the daily discharge.

Cooperation. Station established in cooperation with the State of Vermont. Gage 

heights furnished by the Newport Electric Light Co.

Discharge measurements of Clyde River at West Derby, Vt., in 1911.

Date.

June 24

25

Aug. 3

3o

36

Oct. 27

Hydrographer.

G. H. Canfleld.......... ..................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

C. C. Covert. . ............................................................

.....do....................................................................

.....do....................................................................

Gage 

height.

Feet. 

2.17

2.13

1.90

1.92

1.88

2.26

Discharge.

Sec.~fl. 

125

117

78.4

82

71.9

166

a Water backed up by mill, 300 feet below bridge. 

* Made by wading above bridge.
ST. LAWEENCE EIVEE BASIN. 91

MISCELLANEOUS DISCHARGE MEASUREMENTS IN ST. 

LAWRENCE RIVER BASIN.

The following miscellaneous discharge measurements were made in 

the St. Lawrence River basin in 1911:

Miscellaneous measurements in St. tLawrerice River drainage basin in 1911.

Date.

June 4 

May 29 

July 9

Aug. 4 

Oct. 6 

July 13

Aug. 1 

Oct. 6 

May 7 

Aug. 5 

Oct. 6 

Apr. 23 

May 8 

July 22 

Aug. 5 

Oct. 7 

July 29 

Aug. 6 

Apr. 25 

May 9

Date.

Mar. 15 

30 

26 

Aug. 26

May 20 

Aug. 10

Aug. 8

Stream.

.....do.......................

.....do.......................

.....do.......................

.....do.......................

.....do.......................

.....do.......................

Silver Greek

.....do.......................

.....do.......................

Gooseberry Hiver

.....do................:......

Stream.

Canaseraga Creek. .

.....do.............

Tailrace, Mount 

Morris power 

plant. 

Salmon River.....

Palmer Creek......

Tributary to 

Lake Superk 

Pigeon Rivei 

Lake Superk

do

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

.....do................

Tributary to 

Genesee ] 

do

.....do. ., ------------

.....do..

Lake On 

Ausable

Otter Oreek...........

Locality.

6 miles above Casca 

J mDe above moutl 

600 feet above 

bridge near S 

Minn. 

do

des,Minn.

highway 

chroeder,

.....do......................

Near mouth near Schroeder, 

Minn. 

.....do......................

.....do......................

.....do......................

.. ...do. ............... ------

2 miles above mou th. .......

.....do......................

.....do......................

.....do.. r . ..................

.....do......................

.....do......................

.....do......................

.....do......................

Locality.

Shakers Crossing, N. Y. .....

.....do......................

50 feet above the bridge. 

Mount Morris, N.Y.

Highway bridge 1| miles 

west of Redfleld, N. Y. 

Near bridge between Miners 

Hotel and railroad station, 

Ausable Forks, N. Y. 

Railroad bridge near Rutland, Vt.

Gage 

height. 6

Feet. 

14.35 

17.84 

21.15 

«2.52

/11.64

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

107 

284 

35

106 

180 

o7.6

90 

66 

119 

147 

121 

16 

135 

19 

272 

139 

27 

15 

49 

16

Discharge.

Sec.-ft. 

c 1,500 

1.180 

<*242 

179

413 

.8

07.S

a Logging dams closed.

6 Distance from reference point to water surface.

c About 300 second-feet from Genesee River on account of diversion for power. Some indication of back 

water»from Genesee River.

ct Measurement of diversion from Genesee River in taflrace gave 179 second-feet.

t Gage at highway bridge below mills.

/ Reference point, top of crossbeam upstream side, 45 feet from right abutment.

g Does not represent total discharge. There is a diversion through an old power canal about 1 mile above 

point of measurement. This condition ascertained from a local engineer alter measurement was made.
92 SUEFACE WATEE SUPPLY, 1911, PAET IV.

SUMMABY OF DISCHABGE PEB S^UABE MILE.

The following summary of discharge per square mile is given to 

allow ready comparison of relative rates of run-off from different 

areas in the St. Lawrence River drainage basin. It shows in a 

general way the seasonal distribution of run-off and the effect of 

snow, ground, surface, and artificial storage. But the most important fact worth noting is the almost entire lack of uniformity of 

agreement between any two stations. It indicates that the discharge 

of each stream is a law unto itself, and that all projects dependent 

upon stream flow, if they are to be developed along the safest and 

most economical lines, must be based on records of stream flow collected with great care over a long series of years as near the location 

of the project under consideration as possible:

Summary of discharge, in second-feet per square mile, for river stations in the St. Lawrence 

River drainage basin in 1911.

St. Louis River Bear Thomson, Minn.. 

Whiteface River at Meadowlands,

Cloquet River near Independence. 

Minn ...............................

Escanaba River near Escanaba, Mich. . 

Menominee River near Iron Mountain, 

Mich................................

Manistee River near Sherman, Mich. . .

Huron River at Flat Rock, Mich. ..... 

Genesee River at St. Helena, N. Y . . . . 

Genesee River at Jones Bridge, near

Genesee River at Rochester, N. Y.. . . . 

Canadice Lake outlet near Hemlock. 

N.Y... .............................

Salmon River at Stillwater Bridge, 

near Redfleld, N.Y...... ...........

Salmon River at Pulaski, N.Y.......

Black River at Pelts Mills, N.Y...... 

Moose River at Moose River, N. Y . . . . 

Oswegatchie near Ogdensburg, N.Y... 

Raquette River at Raquette Palls,

Raquette River at Piercefleld, N. Y... 

Raquette River at Massena Springs,

Bog River at Tupper Lake, N. Y .....

Drainage area.

Sq.m. 

3,420

442

698 

800

2,420 

797 

900 

757 

1,000 

1,030

1,410 

2,360

12.6

191

264 

22.1

279 

1,851 

346 

1,580

418 

723

1,170 

132

1-5a

0.08

.13 

.34

^5 

.44 

1.16 

.44 

.62 

2.67

2.48 

2.17

.39

1.34 

1.44 

1.73 

2.97

.89 

.81

1.20 

.91

1P*4

0.09

.14 

.38

.41 

.50 

1.11 

.82 

1.05 

1.52

1.56 

1.61

.44

.99 

.99 

1.16 

1.15

.82 

.99

1.03

.76

|

0.25

.19

.62

.62 

.63 

1.39 

.56 

.53 

2.67

2.80 

2.67

.78

2.18 

1.51 

2.02 

2.25

.74 

.75

1.15 

.91

fj

3

1.15

1.15 

3.25

1.60 

.94 

1.86 

.74 

.70 

2.59

2.21 

2.17

.84

ii's"

8.28 

6.26 

7.60 

6.22

3.97 

2.81

4.10 

5.93

tA

1.30

1.74

2.11 

2.16

2.04 

1.01 

1.84 

.35 

.37 

.71

.64 

.61

.32 

3."30

3 91

3.21 

4.80 

2.20

7.11

5.71

4.99 

5.48

oJ 

i~>

0.81 

1.40

1.20 

1.03

.90 

.99 

1.41 

.22 

.28 

.64

.45 

.46

.33

2.~47

2.05 

1.60 

1.71 

1.36

2.97 

2.22

2.15 

2.17

>,

s

0.31 

.45

.47 

.91

.70 

.64 

1.07 

.11 

.16 

.14

.13 

.19

.31

.80 

.86 

.76 

.23 

.45 

.93 

.55

.65 

.75

.75 

.61

M

3

1.04

1.57

.58 

2.51

1.48 

.67 

1.01 

.11 

.14 

.48

.41

.25

.29

.58 

.50 

.36 

.28 

.58 

.58 

.24

.24 

.40

.37 

.18

U 

A

1.29 

1.62

1.37 

.91

.77 

.85 

1.02 

.16 

.16 

.61

.54

.38

.29

1.24 

1.23

.84 

.60 

.72 

.70 

.52

.52 

.49

.45 

.38

o 

O

0.56 

.70

.88 

1.84

1.41 

1.84 

1.42 

.43 

.45 

.99

.76 

.60

.30

2.74 

2.20 

1.29 

1.29 

1.12 

2.26 

.72

1.07 

.42

.63 

.56

1

0.24

.36 

1.44

.95 

1.91 

1.48 

.59 

.64 

1.41

1.10

.87

.33

4.40 

3.83 

3.01 

2.84 

2.22 

2.73 

1.69

1.57 

1.09

1.17

1.87

i

.ft

0.17

.07 

1.25

1.06 

1.25 

1.58 

.63 

.67 

1.78

1.52 

1.30

.34

6.49 

5.80 

4.05 

4.70 

3.81 

4.83 

3.41

3.09 

2.61

2.69 

3.41

*

& !«

0.61

.72 

1.39

1.03

.98 

1.37 

.42 

.48 

1.35

1.21 

1.11

.41

2."39 

1.99 

2.59 

1.85

1.97 

1.59

1.73 

1.93
INDEX.

A.

Accuracy of discharge measurements, 

of....\..................

Acknowledgments to those aiding....

Acre-foot, definition of................

Adams, C. R., work of................

Altmar, N. Y.,

Orwell Brook near:

description...................

discharge.....................

discharge, daily..............

discharge, monthly...........

discharge per square mile.....

Anderson, L. W., aid of. ... 

Appropriations, amount of. 

Arrow River nearmouth:

Ausable Forks, N. Y., 

Ausable River at: 

description....

gage heights..........................

Palmer Creek at:

discharge............................

Ausable River (tributary to Lake Champlain) at 

Ausable Forks, N. Y.:

description..........................

discharge............................

12-13

13-14

14

91

Ausable River (tributary to Lake Huron)

at 

Bamfleld, Mich.:

description.......................... 35

gage heights......................... 35

Authority for investigations................. 5-6

B.

Baptism River at 

mouth:

discharge......

Bamfield, Mich.,

Au Sable River at: 

description.....

Beaver Bay River at 

Beaver Bay, Minn.: 

description......

discharge........

91

Page.

Bensel, J. A., aid of......................... 14

Black River and tributaries, flow of......... 61-70

Black River nearFelts Mills, N. Y.:

description.......................... 65

discharge, daily..................... 65-66

discharge, monthly.................. 66

discharge per square mile............ 92

Boonville, N. Y.:

description.......................... 61-62

discharge............................ 62-63

discharge, daily..................... 64

discharge, monthly.................. 64

discharge per square mile............ 92

gage heights......................... 63

Bog River near 

Tupper Lake, N. Y.:

description.......................... 79-80

discharge, daily...................... 81

discharge, monthly.................. 81

discharge per square mile............ 92

gage heights......................... 80

Bolster, R. H., workof...................... 15

Boonville, N. Y., 

Black River near:

description.......................... 61-62

discharge............................ 62-63

discharge, daily..................... 64

discharge, monthly.................. 64

discharge per square mile............ 92

gage heights......................... 63

Brashear Center, N. Y., 

St. Regis River at:

description.......................... 81-82

discharge...........

gage heights........

Brule River at 

mouth:

description.........

discharge...........

discharge, monthly. 

Burlington, Vt.,

Lake Champlain at:

description.........

C.

Canadice Lake outlet nearHemlock, N. Y.:

description.......................... 52-53

discharge, monthly.................. 53

discharge per square mile............ 92

93
94 INDEX.

Canaseraga Creek at 

Dansville, N. Y.: Page, 

description.......................... 50

discharge............................ 51

gage heights......................... 51

Shakers Crossing, N. Y.:

discharge............................ 91

Canfleld, G. H., workof..................... 15

Carleton, C. S., work of...................... 14

Carre, Octave de, work of................... 15

Cascade River at 

mouth:

description.......................... 16

discharge............................ 16

gage heights......................... 17

Cascades, Minn.,

Pigeon River near:

discharge............................ 91

Cattaraugus Creek at 

Versailles, N. Y.:

description.......................... 40

discharge............................ 40

gage heights......................... 40

Caughdenoy, N. Y., 

Oneida River at:

description.......................... 53-54

discharge, daily..................... 54

discharge, monthly.................. 54

Cloquet River at 

Independence, Minn.:

description.......................... 22-23

discharge............................ 23

discharge, daily..................... 24

discharge, monthly.................. 24

discharge per square mile............ 92

gage heights......................... 23

Clyde River at 

West Derby, Vt.:

description.......................... 90

discharge............................ 90

Cold River near 

Rutland, Vt.:

discharge............................ 91

Colton Manufacturing Co., work of.......... 14

Cooperation, credit for....................... 13-14

Corry, Deavitt & Frost Electric Co., aid of... 14 

Covert, C. C., work of....................... 15

Cross River near 

Schroeder, Minn.:

discharge............................ 91

Current meters, view of..................... 13

Current-meter stations, views of............. 12

D.

Dansville, N. Y.:

Canaseraga Creek at:

description.......................... 50

discharge............................ 51

gage heights......................... 51

Data, explanation of........................ 10-12.

Dean, H. J., work of........................ 15

Definition of terms.......................... 8-9

Devil Track River at 

mouth, Minn.:

description.......................... 16

discharge............................ 16

gage heights......................... 16

Dexter, Mich.,

Huron River at: Page. 

description.......................... 36

gage heights......................... 36

Discharge, definition of...................... 10-12

Discharge measurements, accuracy of........ 12-13

Dog River at 

Northfleld, Vt.:

description.......................... 88

Drainage basins, list of...................... 5

E.

East Creek near 

Rutland, Vt.:

description.......................... 86

discharge............................ 85

Eastern Michigan Edison Co., aid of......... 14

Equivalents, list of.......................... 9-10

Escauaba River near 

Escanaba, Mich.:

description.......................... 25

discharge, daily..................... 26

discharge, monthly.................. 26

discharge per square mile............ 92

gage heights......................... 25

F.

Fargo, W. G., aid of......................... 14

Felts Mills, N. Y., 

Black River near:

description.......................... 65

discharge, daily..................... 65-66

discharge, monthly.................. 66

discharge per square mile............ 92

Fisher, E. A., aid of......................... 14 .

Flat Rock, Mich., 

Huron River at:

description.......................... 38

discharge, daily..................... 39

discharge, monthly.................. 39

discharge per square mile........... 92

gage heights......................... 38

Follansbee, Robert, work of................. 14,15

Fort Montgomery, N. Y., 

Richelieu River at:

description.......................... 83-84

G.

Gage heights, readings of................. 11

Geddes, Mich.,

Huron River at: ,

description.......................... 37

discharge, daily..................... 37

discharge, monthly.................. 37

discharge per square mile........... 92

Genesee River and tributaries, flow of....... 41-63-

Genesee River at or nearMount Morris (Jones Bridge), N. Y.:

description.......................... 45

discharge............................ 46

discharge, daily..................... 47

discharge, monthly.................. 47

discharge per square mile........... 92

gage heights......................... 46

Rochester, N. Y.:

description.......................... 48

discharge............................ 48

discharge,daily..................... 49-50
INDEX. 95

Genesee Biver at or near 

Boehester, N. Y. Continued. Page, 

discharge, monthly.................. 50

discharge per square mile........... 92

gage heights......................... 49

St. Helena, N. Y.:

description.......................... 41

discharge............................ 41

discharge, dally..................... 43-44

discharge, monthly.................. 45

discharge per square mile............ 92

gage heights...................... 42-43,44

Golyer, C. S. de, work of.................... 15

Gooseberry River at 

mouth:

discharge............................ 91

Grand Bapids, Mich., 

Grand Biver at:

description.......................... 32

gage heights......................... 32

Grand Biver at 

Grand Bapids, Mich.:

description.......................... 32

gage heights......................... 32

Great Northern Power Co., aid of............ 13

H. 

Hemlock, N. Y.,

Canadice Lake outlet near

description.......................... 52-53

discharge, monthly ................. 53

discharge per square mile............ 92

Horton, A. H., work of...................... 14,15

Hoyt,W.G., work of....................... 14,15

Huron River at 

Dexter, Mich.:

description.......................... 36

gage heights......................... 36

Flat Bock, Mich.:

description.......................... 38

discharge, daily..................... 39

discharge, monthly................... 39

gage heights.........................' 38

discharge per square mile............ 92

Geddes, Mich.:

description.......................... 37

discharge, daily..................... 37

discharge, monthly.................. 37

discharge per. square mile............ 92

I.

Independence, Minn., 

Cloquet Biver at:

description.......................... 22-23

discharge............................ 23

discharge, daily..................... 24

discharge, monthly.................. 24

discharge per square mile............ 92

gage heights......................... 23

Investigations, authority for................. 5

Iron Mountain, Mich., 

Menominee River near:

description.......................... 26-27

discharge, dally...................... 27-28

discharge, monthly.................. 28

discharge per square mile............ 92

...................... 27

Johnson, Vt., Page. 

Lamoille Biver at:

description.......................... 88-^89

discharge............................ 89

Jones Bridge. See Mount Morris, N. Y.

K. 

Kastl, A. G.,aidof.......................... 14

Kennen, G. E. van, aid of................... 14

Keshaqua Creek at 

i, N. Y.: 

description.......................... 61-52

discharge............................ 52

Keshena, Wis., 

Wolf Biver at:

description.......................... 28-29

discharge............................ 29

discharge, daily..................... 30

discharge, monthly.................. 30

discharge per square mile............ 92

gage heights......................... 29

L.

Lake Champlain at 

Burlington, Vt.:

description.......................... 83

gage heights......................... 83

Lake Erie, tributaries to,flow of............. 36-40

Lake Huron, tributaries to, flow of.......... 35

Lake Michigan, tributaries to, flow of......... 25-34

Lake Ontario, tributaries to, flow of......... 41-70

Lake Superior, tributaries to, flow of......... 15-24

Lamoille River at 

Johnson, Vt.:

description.......................... 88-89

discharge............................ 89

Lane Manufacturing Co., work of............ 14

Lester Biver at 

mouth:

discharge............................ 91

M.

McMillan, Alexander, work of............... 15

Manistee Biver near 

Sherman, Mich.:

description.......................... 33

discharge............................ 33

discharge, daily..................... 34

discharge, monthly.................. 34

discharge per square mile............ 92

gage heights......................... 33

Manitou River at 

mouth:

discharge............................ 91

Massena Springs, N. Y., 

Raquette Elver at:

description......;................... 76-77

dtaobuge............................. 77

discharge,daily..).................... 78-79

discharge, monthly................... 80

discharge per square mile............ 92

gage heights......................... 78

Mathers, J. G.,workof...................... 15

Mead.D.W., aid of......................... 14
96 INDEX.

Page.

Meadowlands, Minn., 

White&ce River at:

description.......................... 20-21

discharge. ........................... 21

discharge, dally ..................... 22

discharge, monthly. ................. 22

discharge per square mile. ........... 92

gage heights. . ....................... 21

Menominee River near 

Iron Mountain, Mich.:

description. ......................... 2&-2T

discharge, daily..................... 27-28

discharge, monthly.................. 28

discharge per square mile. ........... 92

gage heights. . ....................... 27

Michigan, cooperation of .................... 14

Michigan Geological Survey, aid of .......... 14

Minnesota, cooperation in. .................. 13

Miscellaneous measurements in St. Lawrence

basin ............................ 91

Missisquoi River, near 

Richford, Vt.:

description. . ........................ 89

discharge ............................ 89

Montpelier, Vt.,

WinoosM River at:

description. . ........................ 86-87

discharge. ........................... 87

WinoosM River near (above Stevens

Branch): 

description. ......................... 86

discharge............................ 86

Worcester Branch of WinoosM River at:

description .......................... 87

discharge. ........................... 87

Moose River at 

Moose River, N. Y.:

description .......................... 66-67

discharge. ........................... 67

discharge, daily. .................... 68

discharge, monthly.................. 68

discharge per square mile............ 92

gage heights. ........................ 67

Moose River (Middle Branch) at 

Old Forge, N. Y.:

description .......................... 69

discharge. ........................... 69

discharge, daily. .................... 69

discharge, monthly.................. 70

gage heights ......................... 69

Mount Morris (Jones Bridge), N. Y., 

Genesee River near:

description. . ........................ 45

discharge. ........................... 46

discharge, daily. .................... 47

discharge, monthly.................. 47

discharge per square mite... ......... 92

gage heights......................... v 46

Mount Morris power-plant tailrace near:

discharge............................ 61

Neopit, Wis.: 

Wolf River at:

description ...^. ..................... 30-31

discharge, daily..................... 31

discharge, monthly... ............... 32

Page. 

Newport Electric Light Co., aid of ........*.. 14

New York, cooperation in................... 14

Northfleld, Vt., 

Dog River at:

description.......................... 88

O.

Ogdensburg, N. Y.,

Oswegatchie River near:

descrip tion.......................

discharge.........................

discharge, daily..................

discharge, monthly...............

discharge per square mile.........

Old Forge, N. Y.,

Moose River (Middle Branch) at:

description.......................... 69 

discharge............................ 69

discharge, daily..................... 69

discharge, monthly.................. 70

Oneida River at 

Caughdenoy, N. Y.:

description.......................... 5&-S4

discharge, daily..................... 54

discharge, monthly.................. 64

Orwell Brook near 

Altmar, N. Y.:

descrip tion.......................... 59

discharge............................ 59

discharge, daily..................... 60

discharge, monthly.................. 61

discharge per square mile............ 92

gage heights......................... 60

Oswegatchie River near 

Ogdensburg, N. Y.: .

description.......................... 70

discharge............................ 70

discharge, daily..................... 71

discharge, monthly.................. 72

discharge per square mUe............ 92

' gageheights......................... 71

P. 

Palmer Creek at 

Ausable Forks, N. Y.:

discharge-........................... 91

Persons, H. H., aid of....................... 14

Piercefield, N. Y., 

Baquette River at:

description.......................... 74-75

discharge............................ 75

discharge, daily..................... 76

discharge, monthly.................. 76

discharge per square mile............ 92

gageheights......................... 75

Pigeon River nearCascades, Minn.:

discharge............................ 91

Plattsburg Gas & Electric Co., aid, of........ 14

Poplar River at 

mouth, Minn.:

description.............. ............ 17

\ , discharge....-..-.,.................. 17

gageheights......................... 17

P,rice meters, views of....................... 12

Publications, listsof......................... 6-8
INDEX. 97

PulasM, N. Y.,

Salmon River at:

description...............

discharge.................

discharge, daily..........

discharge, monthly.......

discharge per square mile.

Page.

57

57

58

59

92

58

R.

Ralph, G. A., cooperation with............ 13

Raquette Falls (near Coreys), N. Y., 

Raquette River at:

description.......................... 72

discharge............................ 72

discharge, daily..................... 73-74

discharge, monthly.................. 74

, discharge per square mile............ 92

gage heights......................... 73

Raquette River and tributaries, flow of...... 72-81

Raquette River at 

Massena Springs, N. Y.:

description.......................... 7&-77

discharge............................ 77

discharge, daily..................... 78-79

discharge, monthly.................. 80

discharge per square mile............ 92

gage heights......................... 78

Piercefleld, N. Y.:

description.......................... 74-75

discharge............................ 75

discharge, daily..................... 76

discharge, monthly.................. 76

discharge per square mile. ..... 92

..... 75

Raquette Falls (near Coreys), N. Y.:

description.......................... 72

discharge............................. 72

discharge, daily..................... 73-74

discharge, monthly.................. 74

discharge per square mUe............ 92

gage heights......................... 73

Rating curves and tables, accuracy of....... 12-13

construction of.......................... 11

Bedfleld, N. Y.,

Salmon River near:

discharge............................ 91

Redfleld (Stillwater Bridge), N. Y., 

Salmon River near:

description........................... 55

discharge............................ 55

discharge, daily...................... 56

discharge, monthly.................. 57

discharge per square mile............ 92

gage heights......................... 55-56

Richelieu River and tributaries, flow of...... 83-89

Richelieu River at 

Fort Montgomery, N. Y.:

description.......................... 83-84

Richford, Vt.,

Missisquoi River near:

description.......................... 89

discharge............................ 89

Rochester, N. Y., 

Genesee River at:

description.......................... 48

discharge............................ 48

47883° WSP . 304 12 7

Rochester, N. Y. Continued. 

Genesee River at Continued.

discharge, daily....................... 49-50

discharge, monthly.......

discharge per square mile.

50

92

49

Run-off, definition of. 

Rutland, Vt.,

Cold River near:

......................... 91

East Creek near: *

description.......................... 85

discharge............................ 85

S.

St. Helena, N. Y., 

Genesee River at:

description.......................... 41

discharge............................ 41

discharge, daily...................... 4*-44

discharge, monthly.................. 45

discharge per square mile............ 92

gage heights...................... 42-43,44

St. Louis River, basin of, flow in............ 18-24

direct tributaries to, flow of.............. 70-90

discharge per square mile in basin of..... 92

miscellaneous measurements in basin of.. 91 

St, Louis River near 

Thomson, Minn.:

description.......................... 18-19

discharge............................ 19

discharge, daily ................... 20

discharge, monthly.................. 20

discharge per square mile............ 92

gage heights......................... 19

St. Regis River at 

Brashear Center, N. Y.:

description.......................... 81-82

discharge............................ 82

Salmon River and tributaries, flow of. 

Salmon River at or near 

Pulaski, N. Y.:

description...................

discharge.....................

discharge, daily...............

discharge, monthly...........

discharge per square mile......

Redfleld, N. Y.:

discharge.......................

Redfleld (Stillwater Bridge),N. Y.:

description.....................

discharge.......................

discharge, daily.................

discharge, monthly.............

discharge per square mile.......

gage heights....................

Schroeder, Minn.,

Cross River near: '

discharge.......................

Temperance River near:

discharge.......................

Second-foot, definition of ...............

Shakers Crossing, N. Y., 

Canaseraga Creek at:

discharge........................

55-61

57

67

58

59

92

58

91

55

55

56

57

92

55^56

91

91
98 INDEX.

Shennan, Mich.,

Manistee River near: Page, 

description.......................... 33

discharge............................ 33

discharge, daily...................... 34

discharge, monthly.................. 34

discharge per square mile............ 92

gage heights......................... 33

Shuttleworth, P. J., work of................. 15

Silver Creek near 

mouth:

discharge............................ 91

Sonyea, N. Y.,

Keshaqua Creek at:

description.......................... 51-52

discharge............................ 52

gage heights......................... 52

Soule", S. B., work of ........................ 14

Stillwater Bridge. See Redfleld, N. Y.

Stream measurement, accuracy of........... 12-13

Sweat-Comings Manufacturing Co., aid of.... 14

T.

Temperance River near 

Schroeder, Minn.:

discharge............................ 91

Terms, definitions of........................ 8-9

Thomson, Minn.,

St. Louis River near:

description.......................... 18-19

discharge............................ 19

discharge, daily..................... 20

discharge, monthly.................. 20

discharge per square mile........... 92

gage heights......................... 19

Tupper Lake, N. Y., 

Bog River near:

description.......................... 79-80

discharge, dally...,................'. 81

discharge, monthly.................. 81

discharge per square mile........... 92

gage heights......................... 80

Tuttle, A . H., work of...................... 15

IT.

United States Engineer Corps, work of...... 14

V.

Vermont, cooperation in.. 

Versailles, N. Y.,

Cattaraugas Creek at:

description.......

discharge.........

gage heights......

Page. 

14

W. 

Walters, M. I., work of......................

Weber, Prank, work of......................

West Branch Wolf River. See Wolf River

(West Branch). 

West Derby, Vt., 

Clyde River at:

description..........................

discharge................ v ...........

Williams, G. S., aid of......................

Whiteface River at 

Meadowlands, Minn.:

description..........................

discharge............................

discharge, daily.....................

discharge, monthly..................

discharge per square mile...........

gage heights.........................

Winooski River at or near 

Montpelier, Vt.:

description..........................

discharge............................

Montpelier (above Stevens Branch), Vt.: 

description...................".......

discharge............................

Wolf River and tributaries of, flow of.......

Wolf River at 

Keshena, Wis.:

description..........................

discharge............................

discharge, daily.....................

discharge, monthly..................

discharge per square mile...........

40

40

40

20-21

21

22

22

92

21

8&-S7 

87

28-32

JSTeopit, Wis.:

description........................

discharge, daily...................

discharge, monthly................

Worcester Branch of Winooski River at 

Montpelier, Vt.:

description........................

discharge..........................

28-29

29

30

30

92

29

30-31

31

32

o