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TEXT

Table 1. Number and percent distribution of fatal occupational 

Table 2. Number and percent distribution of fatal work injuries 

Table 3. Number and percent distribution of fatal occupational 

Table 4. Number and percent distribution of fatal occupational 

Table 5. Source documents used to compile information on fatal 

Table 6. CFOI participating state agencies and telephone numbers 

 

Technical information: USDL - 93 - 406 

G. Toscano (202) 606-6175 

Media contact: FOR RELEASE: 10 a.m. EDT 

K. Hoyle (202) 606-5902 Friday, October 1, 1993 

 

 FIRST NATIONAL CENSUS OF FATAL OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES 

 REPORTED BY BLS 

 About one-third of the 6,083 fatalities due to work injuries in 1992 

resulted from highway accidents or homicides, each of which accounted for over 

1,000 deaths. Falls and workers being struck by objects followed, leading to 

nearly 600 workers' deaths apiece. These findings are from the first national 

Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the 

U.S. Department of Labor. 

 

 The BLS census uses multiple sources to identify, verify, and profile 

fatal work injuries. Key information about each workplace fatality (occupation 

and other worker characteristics, equipment being used, and circumstances of 

the event) is obtained by cross-referencing the source records, for example, 

death certificates, workers' compensation records, and reports to federal and 

state agencies. Table 5 lists the data sources used in the BLS Census of 

Fatal Occupational Injuries. 

 

1992 Census Profiles 

 The incidence of fatal work injury for certain groups of workers is 

greater than their proportion of total employment. These groups include men; 

the self employed; older workers (age 55 and over); those in farming and 

transportation-related occupations; and those in agriculture, mining, and 

construction industries. Major findings of the BLS census follow: 

 

 * Highway vehicle accidents led all other events, accounting for 18 percent 

 of the 6,083 fatal occupational injuries in 1992. (See table 1.) 

 * Homicides were a close second, accounting for 17 percent of the fatally 

 injured workers in 1992. Homicides were, by far, the most frequent 

 manner in which women workers were fatally injured. 

 

 * A large majority of the fatally injured workers were 25-54 years old. 
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 Workers age 55 and over, however, had a higher risk of a fatal injury 

 than their 12 percent share of employment. 

 

 * Over nine-tenths of the fatally injured workers were men, well above 

 their 55 percent share of the nation's employment. (See table 2.) Men 

 are fatally injured more often than women workers primarily because of 

 differences in the industries and occupations where men and women 

 typically work. 

 

 * The self employed and those working in family businesses accounted for 20 

 percent of the workplace fatalities--double their share of the nation's 

 workers. 

 

 * Occupations with the largest number of worker fatalities included: 

 Operators of transportation equipment; farm workers; construction trades; 

 handlers, helpers, and laborers; and salesworkers. (See table 3.) 

 - 2 - 

 

 * Among industry groups with the largest number of fatal work injuries were 

 agricultural crop production, special trades construction contractors 

 (for example, roofing and electrical work), trucking and warehousing, and 

 local government (for example, police and firefighters). (See table 4.) 

 

 Data on workplace fatalities by state are available from the state 

agencies participating with BLS in the census program. Participating agencies 

and their telephone numbers are listed in table 6 of this release. 

 

Background of the program 

 The 1992 Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, part of the recently 

redesigned BLS safety and health statistics program, provides a complete 

count of fatal work injuries. The annual Survey of Occupational Injuries and 

Illnesses, conducted since 1972, has been redesigned to generate worker and 

case characteristics of nonfatal workplace injuries and illnesses in addition 

to frequency counts and incidence rates by industry. Initial results from 

the 1992 survey will be released this December. 

 

 The Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries program is a federal/state 

cooperative venture developed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics to compile a 

comprehensive, accurate, and timely measure of fatal work injuries that occur 

during the year. The census approach to compiling data on fatal work injuries 

was initially tested by BLS in a cooperative effort with the Texas Department 

of Health during 1988. The study, which collected fatality data 

retrospectively for 1986, showed that: (1) Multiple data sources, including, 

at times, a followup questionnaire, are necessary to produce an accurate 

count; (2) matching individual fatalities across data sources is feasible; 

(3) for each incident, characteristics of the worker and the circumstances 

are commonly available from administrative reports; and (4) timeliness is 

important in maximizing response for verification purposes. 

 

 The census approach was tested again during 1990-91 to determine whether 

the same kind of data could be obtained from multiple data sources on a current 
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basis. That study, which was conducted in cooperation with the Texas Workers' 

Compensation Commission and the Colorado Department of Health, was successfully 

concluded in May 1991. 

 

 Thirty-two states and New York City participated in the 1991 BLS census 

program. The program was expanded to include all 50 states and the District of 

Columbia during 1992. Funding for the annual census is shared equally between 

BLS and the cooperating states. 

 

 - 3 - 

TECHNICAL NOTES 

Methods 

 Data for the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries are compiled from 

various state and federal administrative sources--including death certificates, 

workers' compensation reports and claims, reports to various regulatory 

agencies, and medical examiner reports--as well as news reports. Multiple 

sources are used because studies have shown that no single source captures all 

on-the-job fatalities. Source documents are matched so that each fatality is 

counted only once. To ensure that a fatality occurred while the decedent was 

at work, information is verified from two or more independent source documents, 

or from a source document and a followup questionnaire. Approximately 30 data 

elements are collected, coded, and tabulated, including information about the 

worker, the fatal incident, and the machinery or equipment involved. 

 

Definitions 

 For a fatality to be considered within the scope of the program, the 

decedent must have been employed (that is working for pay, compensation, or 

profit) at the time of the event, engaged in a legal work activity, or present 

at the site of the incident as a requirement of his or her job. These criteria 

are generally broader than the criteria used by federal and state agencies 

administering specific laws and regulations. 

 

 Data presented in this release include deaths occurring in 1992 that 

resulted from traumatic occupational injuries. An injury is defined as any 

intentional or unintentional wound or damage to the body resulting from acute 

exposure to thermal, mechanical, electrical, chemical, or other form of energy 

or from the absence of such essentials as heat or oxygen caused by a specific 

event or incident or series of events within a single workday or shift. 

Included are open wounds, intracranial and internal injuries, heatstroke, 

hypothermia, poisonings and asphyxiations resulting from a short-term exposure 

(limited to the worker's shift), suicides and homicides, and work injuries 

listed as underlying or contributory causes of death. 

 

 Information on work-related fatal illnesses are excluded from the BLS 

census and the attached tables because of the latency period of many 

occupational illnesses and the resulting difficulties associated with linking 

illnesses to work. Partial information on fatal occupational illnesses, 

compiled separately, is available to researchers upon request. A total of 
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1,361 illness cases were collected and coded in 1992. These cases were 

primarily heart attacks that occurred at work. 

 

Federal/state agency coverage 

 Several federal and state agencies have jurisdiction over workplace safety 

and health. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and 

affiliated agencies in states with approved safety programs cover the largest 

portion of America's workers. However, accidents occurring in several other 

industries, such as coal, metal and nonmetal mining, and transportation on 

water, rails, or in the air, are excluded from OSHA coverage because they are 

covered by other federal agencies, such as the Mine Safety and Health 

Administration, the U.S. Coast Guard, the Federal Railroad Administration, and 

the Federal Aviation Administration. Fatalities occurring in industries 

regulated by federal agencies other than OSHA accounted for about 11 percent of 

the fatal work injuries for 1992. 

 - 4 - 

 

 Fatalities occurring among several other groups of workers are generally 

not covered by any federal or state agencies. These groups include selfemployed and unpaid family workers, which accounted for about 20 percent of the 

fatalities; laborers on small farms, accounting for about 5 percent of the 

fatalities; and state and local government employees in states without OSHAapproved safety programs, about 4 percent. (About one-half of the states have 

approved OSHA safety programs which include state and local government 

employees in their coverage.) 

 

 The Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries includes data for all fatal work 

injuries, whether they are covered by OSHA or other federal or state agencies 

or are outside the scope of regulatory coverage. Thus, any comparison between 

the BLS census counts and those released by other agencies should take into 

account the different coverage and definitions being used. 

 

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: BLS thanks the participating states for their efforts in 

implementing this new program and appreciates the efforts of all state and 

federal agencies that submitted source documents used to identify fatal work 

injuries. Among these agencies are the Occupational Safety and Health 

Administration; the National Transportation Safety Board; the Department of 

Justice (Bureau of Justice Assistance); the Mine Safety and Health 

Administration; the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; the National 

Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; the Employment Standards 

Administration (Federal Employees' Compensation and Longshore and Harbor 

Workers' divisions); the Department of Energy; the state vital statistics 

registrars, coroners, and medical examiners; the state departments of health, 

labor, and industries, and workers' compensation agencies; the state highway 

departments; and the state farm bureaus. 

 

############################################################################## 

PUBLIC USE DATABASE 
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 A public use database will be available on diskette in February 1994. 

Because the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries data are collected under a 

pledge of confidentiality, all personal identifiers will be deleted from the 

research file. The database will include about 30 data elements for each 

workplace fatality (for example, demographics of the deceased, nature of the 

injury), along with a short narrative on how the incident occurred. The 

database diskette will be available at cost from BLS. To place an order for 

the diskette, contact Cheong Underwood at 202-606-7789. 

 

 The national Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries database will not 

identify the state where the fatality occurred. State-specific data on 

workplace fatalities may be requested from state agencies participating with 

BLS in the census program. (See table 6.) 

 

DEVELOPMENTAL FATALITY RATES 

 On a developmental basis, fatality counts from the BLS census were 

combined with information on employment to estimate how frequently groups of 

workers sustain fatal work injuries. The results of this work, along with 

information about their interpretation and limitations, will be published in 

a future issue of the BLS Monthly Labor Review. For additional information, 

contact the Office of Safety, Health, and Working Conditions at 202-606-6175. 

 

 Table 1. Number and percent distribution of fatal occupational 

 injuries by event or exposure, 1992 

 ------------------------------------------------------------ 

 Fatalities 

 Event or exposure1 Number Percent 

 ------------------------------------------------------------ 

 

 Total....................... 6,083 100 

 

 Transportation accidents............ 2,441 40 

 Highway accidents................. 1,121 18 

 Collisions between vehicles, 

 mobile equipment............... 553 9 

 Noncollision accidents.......... 292 5 

 Nonhighway accidents (farm, 

 industrial premises)............. 436 7 

 Aircraft accidents................ 350 6 

 Workers struck by vehicle......... 342 6 

 Water vehicle accidents........... 110 2 

 Railway accidents................. 66 1 

 

 Assaults and violent acts........... 1,216 20 

 Homicides......................... 1,004 17 

 Shooting........................ 822 14 

 Stabbing........................ 82 1 

 Self-inflicted injury............. 183 3 

 

 Contacts with objects and equipment. 1,001 16 

 Struck by object.................. 558 9 

 Struck by falling object........ 360 6 
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 Struck by flying object......... 79 1 

 Caught in or compressed 

 by equipment or objects.......... 312 5 

 Caught in or crushed in 

 collapsing materials............. 110 2 

 

 Falls............................... 590 10 

 Fall to lower level............... 500 8 

 Fall on same level................ 60 1 

 

 Exposures to harmful substances or 

 environments....................... 593 10 

 Contact with electric current..... 334 5 

 Exposure to caustic, noxious, 

 or allergenic substances......... 118 2 

 Oxygen deficiency................. 109 2 

 Drowning, submersion............ 76 1 

 

 Fires and explosions................ 167 3 

 Other events and exposures2........ 75 1 

 ------------------------------------------------------------ 

 1 Based on the 1992 BLS Occupational Injury and Illness 

 Classification Structures. 

 2 Primarily includes the category "Bodily reaction and 

 exertion." 

 NOTE: Totals for major categories may include subcategories not 

 shown separately. Percentages may not add to total due to 

 rounding. 

 SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with 

 federal and state agencies, Census of Fatal Occupational 

 Injuries, 1992 

 

 Table 2. Number and percent distribution of fatal work injuries 

 by selected worker characteristics, 1992 

 ---------------------------------------------------- 

 Fatalities 

 Characteristic Number Percent 

 ---------------------------------------------------- 

 

 Total fatalities............. 6,083 100 

 Employment status 

 Wage and salary workers........ 4,876 80 

 Self-employed1................. 1,207 20 

 Sex and age 

 Men............................ 5,657 93 

 Women.......................... 426 7 
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 Both sexes: 

 Under 20 years................ 169 3 

 20 to 24 years................ 528 9 

 25 to 34 years................ 1,521 25 

 35 to 44 years................ 1,511 25 

 45 to 54 years................ 1,143 19 

 55 to 64 years................ 751 12 

 65 years and over............. 460 8 

 

 Race 

 White.......................... 5,069 83 

 Black.......................... 608 10 

 Asian or Pacific Islander...... 166 3 

 Other.......................... 240 4 

 

 Hispanic origin 

 Hispanic2...................... 508 8 

 ------------------------------------------------------------ 

 1 Includes paid and unpaid family workers and may include 

 owners of incorporated businesses, or members of partnerships. 

 2 Persons identified as Hispanic may be of any race. 

 NOTE: Percentages may not add to totals because of rounding. 

 SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with 

 federal and state agencies, Census of Fatal Occupational 

 Injuries, 1992 

 

 Table 3. Number and percent distribution of fatal occupational 

 injuries by occupation, 1992 

 ------------------------------------------------------------ 

 Fatalities 

 Occupation1 Number Percent 

 ------------------------------------------------------------ 

 Total fatalities......................... 6,083 100 

 

 Managerial and professional specialty...... 694 11 

 Executive, administrative, 

 and managerial.......................... 437 7 

 Professional specialty................... 257 4 

 

 Technical, sales, and administrative 

 support................................... 814 13 

 Technicians and related support.......... 199 3 

 Sales occupations........................ 497 8 

 Administrative support 

 occupations, including clerical......... 118 2 

 
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 Service occupations........................ 526 9 

 Protective service....................... 273 4 

 

 Farming, forestry, and fishing............. 931 15 

 Farming occupations...................... 680 11 

 Forestry and logging occupations......... 155 3 

 

 Precision production, craft, and repair.... 1,054 17 

 Mechanics and repairers.................. 269 4 

 Construction trades...................... 578 10 

 Supervisors............................ 88 1 

 Carpenters............................. 86 1 

 Electricians........................... 83 1 

 

 Operators, fabricators, and laborers....... 1,882 31 

 Machine operators, assemblers, 

 and inspectors.......................... 223 4 

 Transportation and material 

 moving occupations...................... 1,100 18 

 Motor vehicle operators................ 856 14 

 Truck drivers........................ 685 11 

 Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs....... 106 2 

 Material moving equipment operators.... 163 3 

 Handlers, equipment cleaners, 

 helpers, and laborers................... 559 9 

 Construction laborers.................. 226 4 

 Other laborers......................... 170 3 

 

 Military occupations (Resident Armed Forces) 1542 3 

 ------------------------------------------------------------ 

 1 Based on the 1990 Census of Population Occupational 

 Classification System. 

 2 Includes 16 workers not reported as active duty military, but 

 reported as working in a military occupation. 

 NOTE: Totals for major categories may include subcategories 

 not shown separately. Percentages may not add to totals because 

 of rounding. There were 28 fatalities for which there was 

 insufficient information to determine an occupational 

 classification. 

 SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with 

 federal and state agencies, Census of Fatal Occupational 

 Injuries, 1992 

 

 Table 4. Number and percent distribution of fatal occupational 

 injuries by industry, 1992 

 ------------------------------------------------------------ 

 | Fatalities 

 SIC code1 | Industry Number Percent 

 ------------------------------------------------------------ 

 | Total fatalities.................. 6,083 100 

 
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 | Private industry................... 5,384 89 

 

 01-02,07-09| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing.... 800 13 

 01 | Agricultural production--crops...... 401 7 

 02 | Agricultural production--livestock.. 164 3 

 07 | Agricultural services............... 136 2 

 

 10-14 | Mining................................ 182 3 

 12 | Coal mining......................... 60 1 

 13 | Oil and gas extraction.............. 83 1 

 

 15-17 | Construction.......................... 903 15 

 15 | General building contractors........ 169 3 

 16 | Heavy construction, except building. 240 4 

 17 | Special trades contractors.......... 494 8 

 

 20-39 | Manufacturing......................... 751 12 

 20 | Food and kindred products........... 93 2 

 24 | Lumber and wood products............ 220 4 

 

 40-42,44-49| Transportation and public utilities... 884 15 

 41 | Local and interurban transit........ 124 2 

 42 | Trucking and warehousing............ 443 7 

 45 | Air transportation.................. 93 2 

 49 | Public utilities.................... 86 1 

 

 50,51 | Wholesale trade....................... 244 4 

 52-59 | Retail trade.......................... 710 12 

 54 | Food stores......................... 205 3 

 55 | Auto dealers and gas stations....... 108 2 

 58 | Eating and drinking places.......... 187 3 

 

 60-67 | Finance, insurance, and real estate... 118 2 

 70-89 | Services.............................. 725 12 

 73 | Detective, guard, and other 

 | business services.................. 200 3 

 75 | Auto repair, services, and parking.. 73 1 

 

 91-97 | Government2........................ 699 11 

 | Federal............................... 241 4 

 | State................................. 112 2 

 | Local................................. 338 6 

 ------------------------------------------------------------ 

 1 From Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987 edition. 

 2 Also includes workers employed by governmental organizations in 

 other SICs. There were 8 fatalities to workers employed by 

 foreign or regional governmental agencies. 

 NOTE: Totals for major categories may include subcategories not 

 shown separately. Percentages may not add to totals because of 

 rounding. There were 67 fatalities for which there was insufficient 

 information to determine a major industry classification within 
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 private industry. 

 SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with federal and 

 state agencies, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, 1992 

 

 

 Table 5. Source documents used to compile information on fatal 

 work injuries, 1992 

 ----------------------------------------------------------- 

 Fatalities 

 Source document Number1 Percent 

 ----------------------------------------------------------- 

 Total........................ 6,083 100 

 

 Death certificates1............. 5,633 93 

 State workers' compensation 

 reports........................ 2,434 40 

 Coroner, medical examiner, 

 and autopsy reports............ 3,768 61 

 Occupational Safety and Health 

 Administration (OSHA) reports2.. 1,926 32 

 

 News media...................... 2,077 34 

 Followup questionnaires3........ 1,504 25 

 State motor vehicle reports..... 485 8 

 Other federal reports4.......... 328 5 

 Other reports5.................. 2,033 33 

 

 ----------------------------------------------------------- 

 1 The total of source documents (20,188) exceeds the total of 

 verified cases (6,083) because two or more source documents were 

 used to substantiate each case. Note that some source documents 

 were received only upon request. In general, these included 

 autopsy, coroner, and medical examiner reports; followup 

 questionnaires; and state motor vehicle reports. 

 

 The number of death certificates shown includes some death 

 certificates initially not marked "at work." Seventy-five 

 percent of the death certificates that the states initially 

 received were marked "at work." 

 

 2 This figure is not a comprehensive count of fatalities 

 reported to or investigated by OSHA, but represents the available 

 OSHA reports used to identify or substantiate a work injury 

 fatality in the CFOI program. 

 

 3 Includes telephone followup for missing data and for 

 clarification of inconsistent data. 

 4 Includes reports received from the Mine Safety and Health 

 Administration, the Employment Standards Administration, the 
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 National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Fatal 

 Accident Circumstances and Epidemiology program, the Department 

 of Justice, the Department of Energy, and the National 

 Transportation Safety Board. 

 

 5 Includes reports received from other organizations, such as 

 state farm bureaus, local police departments, and emergency 

 medical services. 

 

 SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with 

 federal and state agencies, Census of Fatal Occupational 

 Injuries, 1992 

 

 Table 6. CFOI participating state agencies and telephone numbers 

 STATE AGENCY TELEPHONE # 

 Alabama Department of Labor (205) 242-3460 

 Alaska Department of Labor (907) 465-4520 

 Arizona Industrial Commission (602) 542-3739 

 Arkansas Department of Labor (501) 682-4542 

 California Department of Industrial Relations (415) 703-5661 

 Colorado Department of Health (303) 692-2164 

 Connecticut Labor Department (203) 566-4380 

 Delaware Department of Labor (302) 577-2889 

 District of Columbia Commission of Public Health (202) 727-0682 

 Florida Department of Labor & Emp. & Security (904) 922-8953 

 

 Georgia Department of Labor (404) 656-3032 

 Hawaii Dept. of Labor and Industrial Relations (808) 586-9005 

 Idaho Industrial Commission (208) 334-6050 

 Illinois Department of Public Health (217) 785-1873 

 Indiana Department of Labor (317) 232-2682 

 Iowa Department of Employment Services (515) 281-5151 

 Kansas Department of Health and Environment (913) 296-5641 

 Kentucky Labor Cabinet (502) 564-2454 

 Louisiana Department of Employment and Training (504) 342-3126 

 Maine Bureau of Labor Standards (207) 624-6442 

 

 Maryland Division of Labor and Industry (410) 333-4202 

 Massachusetts Department of Public Health (617) 727-2735 

 Michigan Department of Labor (517) 322-1851 

 Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry (612) 297-7428 

 Mississippi Department of Health (601) 960-7741 

 Missouri Bureau of Health Statistics (314) 751-6274 

 Montana Department of Labor and Industry (800) 541-3904 

 Nebraska Workers' Compensation (402) 471-3513 

 Nevada Div. of Occupational Safety and Health (702) 687-5240 

 New Hampshire Department of Public Health (603) 271-4651 

 

 New Jersey Department of Health (609) 984-1863 

 New Mexico Health and Environment Department (505) 827-2850 

 New York Department of Health (518) 458-6228 

 New York City Department of Health (212) 788-4585 
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 North Carolina Department of Labor (919) 733-2355 

 North Dakota Workers' Compensation Bureau (701) 224-3893 

 Ohio Department of Health (614) 466-4183 

 Oklahoma Department of Labor (405) 528-1500 

 Oregon Department of Insurance and Finance (503) 378-8254 

 Pennsylvania Department of Health (717) 783-2548 

 

 Rhode Island Department of Health (401) 277-2812 

 South Carolina Department of Labor (803) 734-9613 

 South Dakota Bureau of Labor Statistics (816) 426-2483 

 Tennessee Department of Labor (615) 741-1991 

 Texas Workers' Compensation Commission (512) 448-7978 

 Utah Industrial Commission (801) 530-6823 

 Vermont Department of Labor and Industry (802) 828-2765 

 Virginia Department of Labor and Industry (804) 786-6427 

 Washington Department of Labor and Industries (206) 956-5509 

 West Virginia Department of Labor (304) 558-7890 

 Wisconsin Workers' Compensation Division (608) 266-7850 

 Wyoming Department of Employment (307) 777-5962