United States

Department of

Agriculture

Natural

Resources

Conservation

Service

In cooperation with

Tennessee Agricultural

Experiment Station,

Tennessee Department

of Agriculture, and

Jackson County Board

of Commissioners

Soil Survey of

Jackson County,

Tennessee

General Soil Map

The general soil map, which is the color map preceding the detailed soil maps, shows the survey area divided

into groups of associated soils called general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and

management of large areas.

To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map,

identify the name of the map unit in the area on the color-coded map

legend, then refer to the section General Soil Map Units for a

general description of the soils in your area.

Detailed Soil Maps

The detailed soil maps follow the

general soil map. These maps

can be useful in planning the use

and management of small areas.

To find information about your

area of interest, locate that area

on the Index to Map Sheets,

which precedes the soil maps.

Note the number of the map

sheet and turn to that sheet.

Locate your area of interest on

the map sheet. Note the map unit

symbols that are in that area. Turn

to the Contents, which lists the

map units by symbol and name

and shows the page where each

map unit is described.

The Contents shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailed soil map unit. Also see the

Contents for sections of this publication that may address your specific needs.

3

How to Use This Soil Survey
4

Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on the

Natural Resources Conservation Service homepage on the World Wide Web.The

address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov.

This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort

of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State

agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The

Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has

leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey.

Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1994. Soil names and

descriptions were approved in 1996. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this

publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1994. This survey was made

cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service, Tennessee Agricultural

Experiment Station, Tennessee Department of Agriculture, and Jackson County Board

of Commissioners. The survey is part of the technical assistance furnished to the

Jackson County Soil Conservation District.

Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these

maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged,

maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a

larger scale.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all of

its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability,

political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases

apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for

communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should

contact the USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice or TDD).

To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights,

Room 326W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC

20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity

provider and employer.

Cover: Most of the cleared land in Jackson County is used for the production of hay and pasture.

Ocana gravelly silt loam, occasionally flooded, is in the narrow valley in the foreground. Dellrose

gravelly silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded, is on the moderately steep hillside in the

background. It is well suited to tall fescue and ladino clover used for hay.
5

Contents

How to Use This Soil Survey .................................. 3

Contents .................................................................. 5

Foreword ................................................................. 7

General Nature of the County .................................. 9

History and Development ..................................... 9

Industry and Transportation .................................. 9

Geology, Physiography, and Drainage .................. 9

Climate ............................................................... 11

How This Survey Was Made ................................... 11

General Soil Map Units ........................................ 13

1. Hawthorne ..................................................... 13

2. Barfield-Dellrose-Gladdice-Rock outcrop ....... 14

3. Christian-Mountview-Dickson ........................ 14

4. Holston-Arrington-Staser ............................... 15

Detailed Soil Map Units ........................................ 17

AmB—Armour silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ... 18

AmC2—Armour silt loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 19

AmD2—Armour silt loam, 12 to 20 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 19

Ar—Arrington silt loam, occasionally flooded...... 20

BaF—Barfield-Gladdice-Rock outcrop

complex, 20 to 70 percent slopes ................ 22

BcD—Barfield-Rock outcrop complex,

5 to 20 percent slopes.................................. 23

BeB2—Bewleyville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 23

BeC2—Bewleyville silt loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 25

CrB2—Christian silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 26

CrC2—Christian silt loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 27

CrD2—Christian silt loam, 12 to 20 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 28

DaF—Dellrose and Mimosa soils, 20 to

60 percent slopes ........................................ 29

DeC—Dellrose gravelly silt loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes ........................................ 30

DeD2—Dellrose gravelly silt loam, 12 to

20 percent slopes, eroded ........................... 31

DeE—Dellrose gravelly silt loam, 20 to

45 percent slopes ........................................ 33

DkB2—Dickson silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 34

DkC2—Dickson silt loam, 5 to 8 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 35

HaD—Hawthorne gravelly silt loam, 5 to

20 percent slopes ........................................ 36

HaF—Hawthorne gravelly silt loam, 20 to

70 percent slopes ........................................ 36

HdF—Hawthorne-Rock outcrop complex,

40 to 80 percent slopes................................ 37

HoB—Holston loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ......... 38

HoC2—Holston loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 39

HoD2—Holston loam, 12 to 20 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 40

HoD3—Holston loam, 12 to 20 percent

slopes, severely eroded ............................... 40

HuB—Humphreys gravelly silt loam, 2 to

5 percent slopes .......................................... 41

HuC—Humphreys gravelly silt loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes ........................................ 42

Ld—Lindside silt loam, occasionally flooded ...... 44

MmB2—Mimosa silty clay loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 45

MmC2—Mimosa silty clay loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes, eroded ........................... 46

MmD2—Mimosa silty clay loam, 12 to

20 percent slopes, eroded ........................... 47

Mn—Minter silt loam, occasionally flooded ......... 48

MtB2—Mountview silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 48

MtC2—Mountview silt loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 49

Oc—Ocana gravelly silt loam, occasionally

flooded ......................................................... 50

Sk—Skidmore gravelly loam, occasionally

flooded ......................................................... 51

St—Staser loam, occasionally flooded ............... 52

SuC2—Sugargrove gravelly silt loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes, eroded ........................... 53

SuD2—Sugargrove gravelly silt loam, 12 to

20 percent slopes, eroded ........................... 54

SwB—Swafford loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ....... 55

SwC—Swafford loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes .......................................................... 55

SyB2—Sykes silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes,

eroded ......................................................... 56
6

SyC2—Sykes silt loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded ............................................. 58

Ud—Udarents, clayey......................................... 59

W—Water........................................................... 59

Prime Farmland .................................................... 61

Use and Management of the Soils ...................... 63

Crops and Pasture ............................................. 63

Yields per Acre............................................... 64

Land Capability Classification ........................ 65

Forest Productivity and Management ................. 66

Forest Management ....................................... 66

Forest Productivity ......................................... 68

Recreation .......................................................... 68

Wildlife Habitat ................................................... 69

Engineering ........................................................ 72

Building Site Development ............................. 72

Sanitary Facilities ........................................... 73

Construction Materials ................................... 74

Water Management........................................ 75

Soil Properties ...................................................... 77

Engineering Index Properties ............................. 77

Physical Properties ............................................ 78

Chemical Properties ........................................... 79

Soil Features ...................................................... 79

Water Features ................................................... 80

Classification of the Soils .................................... 81

Soil Series and Their Morphology ........................... 81

Armour Series .................................................... 81

Arrington Series ................................................. 82

Barfield Series .................................................... 83

Bewleyville Series .............................................. 83

Christian Series .................................................. 84

Dellrose Series ................................................... 84

Dickson Series ................................................... 85

Gladdice Series .................................................. 86

Hawthorne Series ............................................... 87

Holston Series .................................................... 87

Humphreys Series.............................................. 88

Lindside Series ................................................... 89

Mimosa Series ................................................... 89

Minter Series ...................................................... 90

Mountview Series ............................................... 90

Ocana Series ..................................................... 91

Skidmore Series ................................................. 92

Staser Series ..................................................... 92

Sugargrove Series.............................................. 93

Swafford Series .................................................. 93

Sykes Series ...................................................... 94

Formation of the Soils.......................................... 97

References ............................................................ 99

Glossary .............................................................. 101

Tables .................................................................. 111

Table 1.—Temperature and Precipitation .......... 112

Table 2.—Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall........ 113

Table 3.—Growing Season ............................... 113

Table 4.—Acreage and Proportionate Extent

of the Soils ................................................. 114

Table 5.—Prime Farmland ................................ 115

Table 6.—Land Capability and Yields per

Acre of Crops ............................................. 116

Table 7.—Land Capability and Yields per

Acre of Pasture and Hay ............................ 119

Table 8a.—Forestland Management ................. 122

Table 8b.—Forestland Management ................. 127

Table 8c.—Forestland Management ................. 132

Table 8d.—Forestland Management ................. 136

Table 8e.—Forest Productivity .......................... 139

Table 9.—Recreational Development ............... 144

Table 10.—Wildlife Habitat ................................ 148

Table 11.—Building Site Development .............. 151

Table 12.—Sanitary Facilities ........................... 155

Table 13.—Construction Materials .................... 159

Table 14.—Water Management ........................ 163

Table 15.—Engineering Index Properties ......... 169

Table 16.—Physical Properties of the Soils ...... 180

Table 17.—Chemical Properties of the

Soils ........................................................... 184

Table 18.—Soil Features .................................. 188

Table 19.—Water Features ............................... 191

Table 20.—Classification of the Soils ................ 195

Issued 2004
7

This soil survey contains information that affects land use planning in this survey

area. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The survey also

highlights soil limitations, improvements needed to overcome the limitations, and the

impact of selected land uses on the environment.

This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, foresters, and

agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the management needed

for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials, engineers,

developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use, select sites

for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure proper performance.

Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, wildlife

management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to help them

understand, protect, and enhance the environment.

Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose

special restrictions on land use or land treatment. The information in this report is

intended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land

treatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the land users

identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or

user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations.

Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are

seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are too

unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are

poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil

poorly suited to basements or underground installations.

These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil

survey. Broad areas of soils are shown on the general soil map. The location of each

soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the survey area is described.

Information on specific uses is given for each soil. Help in using this publication and

additional information are available at the local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.

James W. Ford

State Conservationist

Natural Resources Conservation Service

Foreword

9

JACKSON COUNTY is located in the north-central

part of Tennessee (fig. 1). It is bounded on the north by

Clay County, on the east by Overton County, on the

south by Putnam County, and on the west by Smith

and Macon Counties. In 1990, the population of the

county was 9,297. The city of Gainesboro, the county

seat, is located in the center of the county on Dow

Creek, 1 mile south of the Cumberland River. The

county makes up 206,000 acres, or approximately

322 square miles.

The two major economic enterprises in the county

are agriculture and industry. Burley tobacco, the main

cash crop, and beef cattle production are the major

agricultural enterprises. Other important crops grown

in the county include corn, wheat, soybeans, and hay.

Swine and dairy operations are also important to the

local economy.

This soil survey updates the survey of Jackson

County published in 1915 (USDA 1915).

General Nature of the County

This section gives information about the county. It

describes history and development; industry and

transportation; geology, physiography, and drainage;

and climate.

History and Development

Jackson County was established by an act of the

General Assembly of the Tennessee Legislature on

November 6, 1801. Originally, Jackson County

included all of what is now Overton County, a majority

of Clay County, and parts of Putnam and DeKalb

Counties. The county was named in honor of General

Andrew Jackson, a distinguished soldier and later a

statesman and the Nation’s president. Most of the

early settlers came from the Carolinas or Virginia or

from areas in eastern Tennessee. The town of

Gainesboro, the county seat, was established in 1817

and was named in honor of General Edmond

Pendleton Gaines, who served with General Jackson

in many campaigns (Goodspeed 1887).

Industry and Transportation

Industries within Jackson County include

manufacturing of clothing, furniture, and molded

plastics; agriculture; construction; transportation;

communications; wholesale and retail trades; and

public services. Several factories within the county

provide income to many local residents.

Jackson County possesses a very efficient system

of eight state and numerous county highways. The

excellent network of county and state highways makes

every part of the county accessible for easy movement

of farm products and freight. The Cumberland River

runs through the county and is an important navigable

waterway for river commerce. Nashville is the nearest

port facility. Nashville International Airport is the

nearest commercial airport.

Geology, Physiography, and Drainage

Jackson County is located in two physiographic

regions—the Highland Rim and the Central Basin. The

Highland Rim is of Mississippian age. The four

geologic formations that make up the Highland Rim

Soil Survey of

Jackson County, Tennessee

Fieldwork by Terry Henry and Howard G. Smith, Natural Resources Conservation

Service, and John G. Gibi, private consulting soil scientist

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service,

in cooperation with

the Tennessee Agricultural Experiment Station, Tennessee Department of Agriculture,

and Jackson County Board of Commissioners
10 Soil Survey

region in Jackson County are St. Louis Limestone,

Warsaw Limestone, Fort Payne, and Maury Shale. The

Central Basin is of Ordovician age. The five geologic

formations that make up the Central Basin region in

the county are Chattanooga Shale, Leipers, Catheys,

Bigby-Cannon, and Hermitage.

The St. Louis Limestone Formation is of minor

extent in the county. It is in the highest positions on

broad upland flats, at elevations of 1,100 feet or more.

The formation consists of medium gray to medium

dark gray and brownish to light olive gray limestone.

The thickness of the formation ranges from 100 to

160 feet.

The Warsaw Limestone Formation is of greater

extent in Jackson County. It includes sandy limestone,

limestone, and a combination of calcareous siltstone,

calcareous shale, and argillaceous limestone. The

formation is on broad upland flats and ridgetops,

generally at elevations of 1,000 feet or more. The

greatest evidence of Warsaw Limestone is in southern

Jackson County, along the Putnam County line. The

thickness of the formation ranges from 5 to 160 feet.

The Fort Payne Formation is characterized by

interbedded and disseminated chert, shale, and

siltstone and a few dolomitic zones. Some of these

zones are composed entirely of large masses of

crinoid fragments. The Fort Payne Formation has the

largest exposure of the Highland Rim region in

Jackson County and is on most hillsides and the lower

footslopes. The thickness of the Fort Payne Formation

ranges from 80 to 300 feet.

Maury Shale is at the base of the Fort Payne

Formation. It was formed by the deposition of greenish

gray mud, which marked the beginning of the

Mississippian Period. It is characterized by fossils,

including fish bone fragments. Maury Shale is only

1 or 2 feet thick and grades quickly into the first

deposit of the outer Central Basin.

Chattanooga Shale is grayish black, very thinly

laminated, carbonaceous shale. It is in the lower

Mississippian and upper Devonian Systems and is the

geologic separation between the Highland Rim and

Central Basin physiographic regions. The thickness of

the Chattanooga Shale ranges from 20 to 25 feet.

Leipers and Catheys Formations make up the

largest extent of the outer Central Basin in the county.

They are dark gray to brownish gray limestone. The

thickness of the Leipers and Catheys Formations

ranges from 20 to 300 feet.

The Bigby-Cannon Formation is of minor extent in

the county. It is exposed on stream terraces along the

Cumberland River and its major tributaries. The

thickness of the Bigby-Cannon Formation ranges from

10 to 140 feet.

The Hermitage Formation is exposed only along

Martin Creek in the county. It is medium to dark gray,

argillaceous limestone and shale. The thickness of the

Hermitage Formation ranges from 5 to 80 feet (Miller

1974).

The topography in the northern and western parts

of the county is characterized by narrow, rolling ridges

adjacent to steep or very steep hillsides. These areas

are highly dissected by narrow drainageways. The

soils are well drained.

Transecting the center of the county are long,

narrow flood plains and stream terraces adjacent to

the Cumberland River. The soils in these areas range

from excessively drained to poorly drained.

The topography in the northeastern part of the

county is characterized by undulating or rolling ridges

and moderately steep or steep hillsides. The soils are

well drained. Karst landforms are in several areas.

They are characterized by a series of sinkholes and

no apparent surface drainage.

The topography in the southeastern part of the

county is characterized by undulating ridges adjoining

moderately steep or steep hillsides along

drainageways. Generally, the soils are well drained or

moderately well drained. In several areas the

topography is characterized by nearly level flats where

runoff collects from adjacent side slopes and where

the drainage pattern is indistinct and the soils are

imperfectly drained.

Jackson County is drained by two major river

systems—the Cumberland River and the Roaring

River. The Cumberland River flows from the northeast

to the southwest across the center of the county. The

mean water depth is controlled by the Cordell Hull

Dam, a U.S. Army Corps of Engineers facility located

in Smith County. The Roaring River flows from east to

west across the central section of the county and joins

the Cumberland River just north of the city of

Gainesboro. Flood plains on both river systems are

long and narrow, with adjacent stream terraces along

most of their length. The flood plains of the two rivers

Figure 1.—Location of Jackson County in Tennessee.
Jackson County, Tennessee 11

and their major tributaries are subject to occasional

flooding during periods of heavy rainfall. Many areas

along both rivers have nearly vertical rock bluffs

adjacent to the stream channels.

Climate

Data provided by the National Water and Climate Center,

Natural Resources Conservation Service, Portland, Oregon.

Data for the climate tables were collected at the

climate station at Cookeville, Tennessee, in nearby

Putnam County because there are no long-term

climate stations in Jackson County. Other climate

data, including the number of days of thunderstorms,

the relative humidity, the percentage of sunshine,

and information about wind, were estimated based

on data from a climate station at Nashville,

Tennessee.

Table 1 gives data on temperature and precipitation

for the survey area as recorded at Cookeville in the

period 1961 to 1990. Table 2 shows probable dates of

the first freeze in fall and the last freeze in spring.

Table 3 provides data on the length of the growing

season.

In winter, the average temperature is 36.6 degrees

F and the average daily minimum temperature is

26.2 degrees. The lowest temperature on record,

which occurred at Cookeville on January 21, 1985,

was -22 degrees. In summer, the average temperature

is 74.5 degrees and the average daily maximum

temperature is 85.9 degrees. The highest temperature,

which occurred at Cookeville on July 17, 1980, was

104 degrees.

Growing degree days are shown in table 1. They

are equivalent to “heat units.” During the month,

growing degree days accumulate by the amount that

the average temperature each day exceeds a base

temperature (50 degrees F). The normal monthly

accumulation is used to schedule single or successive

plantings of a crop between the last freeze in spring

and the first freeze in fall.

The average annual total precipitation is

56.59 inches. Of this, about 31.40 inches, or 56

percent, usually falls in April through October. The

growing season for most crops falls within this period.

The heaviest 1-day rainfall during the period of record

was 6.06 inches at Cookeville on September 29, 1964.

Thunderstorms occur on about 53 days each year,

and most occur between May and August.

The average seasonal snowfall is 9.5 inches. The

greatest snow depth at any one time during the period

of record was 10 inches recorded on November 3,

1966. On an average, 10 days per year have at least

1 inch of snow on the ground.

The average relative humidity in midafternoon is

about 57 percent. Humidity is higher at night, and the

average at dawn is about 84 percent. The sun shines

64 percent of the time in summer and 43 percent in

winter. The prevailing wind is from the south. Average

wind speed is highest, around 10 miles per hour, in

March.

How This Survey Was Made

This survey was made to provide information about

the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area.

The information includes a description of the soils and

miscellaneous areas and their location and a

discussion of their suitability, limitations, and

management for specified uses. Soil scientists

observed the steepness, length, and shape of the

slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of

crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock.

They dug many holes to study the soil profile, which is

the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a soil.

The profile extends from the surface down into the

unconsolidated material in which the soil formed. The

unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and other

living organisms and has not been changed by other

biological activity.

The soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey

area are in an orderly pattern that is related to the

geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural

vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and

miscellaneous area is associated with a particular kind

of landform or with a segment of the landform. By

observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in the

survey area and relating their position to specific

segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a

concept or model of how they were formed. Thus,

during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist

to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the

kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific location

on the landscape.

Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge

into one another as their characteristics gradually

change. To construct an accurate soil map, however,

soil scientists must determine the boundaries between

the soils. They can observe only a limited number of

soil profiles. Nevertheless, these observations,

supplemented by an understanding of the soilvegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to

verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to

determine the boundaries.

Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the

soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color,

texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and

amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots,
12

reaction, and other features that enable them to

identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey

area and determining their properties, the soil

scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes

(units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each

taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with

precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a

basis for comparison to classify soils systematically.

Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic

classification used in the United States, is based

mainly on the kind and character of soil properties and

the arrangement of horizons within the profile. After

the soil scientists classified and named the

soils in the survey area, they compared the individual

soils with similar soils in the same taxonomic class in

other areas so that they could confirm data and

assemble additional data based on experience and

research.

While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some

of the soils in the area generally are collected for

laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil

scientists interpret the data from these analyses and

tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and

the soil properties to determine the expected behavior

of the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all

of the soils are field tested through observation of the

soils in different uses and under different levels of

management. Some interpretations are modified to fit

local conditions, and some new interpretations are

developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled

from other sources, such as research information,

production records, and field experience of specialists.

For example, data on crop yields under defined levels

of management are assembled from farm records and

from field or plot experiments on the same kinds of

soil.

Predictions about soil behavior are based not

only on soil properties but also on such variables

as climate and biological activity. Soil conditions

are predictable over long periods of time, but they

are not predictable from year to year. For example,

soil scientists can predict with a fairly high degree

of accuracy that a given soil will have a high water

table within certain depths in most years, but they

cannot predict that a high water table will always

be at a specific level in the soil on a specific

date.

After soil scientists located and identified the

significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area,

they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial

photographs and identified each as a specific map

unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields,

roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating

boundaries accurately.
13

General Soil Map Units

The general soil map in this publication shows

broad areas that have a distinctive pattern of soils,

relief, and drainage. Each map unit on the general soil

map is a unique natural landscape. Typically, it

consists of one or more major soils or miscellaneous

areas and some minor soils or miscellaneous areas. It

is named for the major soils or miscellaneous areas.

The components of one map unit can occur in another

but in a different pattern.

The general soil map can be used to compare the

suitability of large areas for general land uses. Areas

of suitable soils can be identified on the map. Likewise,

areas where the soils are not suitable can be

identified.

Because of its small scale, the map is not suitable

for planning the management of a farm or field or for

selecting a site for a road or building or other structure.

The soils in any one map unit differ from place to place

in slope, depth, drainage, and other characteristics

that affect management.

1. Hawthorne

Moderately deep, rolling to very steep, somewhat

excessively drained soils formed in loamy residuum

derived from interbedded siltstone and limestone; on

highly dissected uplands

Setting

Slope: 5 to 70 percent

Composition

Extent of map unit: 50 percent of the survey area

Composition of map unit:

Hawthorne soils—91 percent

Minor soils—9 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Landscape position: Narrow, rolling ridgetops and

steep hillsides

Parent material: Loamy residuum derived from

interbedded siltstone and limestone

Surface texture: Gravelly silt loam

Slope: 2 to 70 percent

Minor Soils

• Sugargrove soils on rolling ridgetops and shoulder

slopes

• Dellrose soils on footslopes and the lower part of

steep hillsides

• Skidmore and Ocana soils along narrow, intermittent

drainageways

• Mimosa soils on footslopes

• Armour soils on undulating stream terraces

Map Unit Suitability

Cropland

Most of this unit is poorly suited or unsuited to

cropland because of the steep slopes, the depth to

rock, a low available water capacity, and the hazard of

erosion. The minor soils in a few undulating areas are

suited to cropland; however, the small size and narrow

shape of the areas limit the selection of plants and

accessibility of the unit.

Pasture and Hay

This unit is poorly suited to pasture and hay

because of the low available water capacity and the

steep slopes.

Woodland

In some areas the Hawthorne soils are suited to

drought-tolerant species. Planting selected seedlings

on east- and north-facing slopes helps to overcome

the droughtiness.

Residential and Commercial Uses

The less sloping soils on ridgetops may be suited to

residential and commercial uses if the depth of the soil

is adequate. Onsite investigation is needed in those

areas. The soils on hillsides are poorly suited to these

uses because of the depth to rock, the susceptibility to

seepage by effluent, a hazard of slippage on side

slopes, and the steep slopes.
14 Soil Survey

2. Barfield-Dellrose-Gladdice-Rock

outcrop

Rock outcrop and shallow to very deep, hilly and

steep, well drained soils formed in clayey limestone

residuum and loamy colluvium; on highly dissected

uplands

Setting

Slope: 12 to 70 percent

Composition

Extent of map unit: 30 percent of the survey area

Composition of map unit:

Barfield soils—40 percent

Dellrose soils—18 percent

Gladdice soils—16 percent

Rock outcrop—15 percent

Minor soils—11 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Barfield

Drainage class: Well drained

Landscape position: Steep hillsides

Parent material: Clayey limestone residuum

Surface texture: Silty clay

Slope: 15 to 70 percent

Dellrose

Drainage class: Well drained

Landscape position: Steep, dissected hillsides and

footslopes

Parent material: Loamy colluvium derived from

interbedded limestone and siltstone

Surface texture: Gravelly silt loam

Slope: 12 to 45 percent

Gladdice

Drainage class: Well drained

Landscape position: Steep, dissected hillsides

Parent material: Clayey limestone residuum

Surface texture: Silty clay loam

Slope: 15 to 70 percent

Rock outcrop

The Rock outcrop occurs as horizontal ledges of

limestone in scattered areas throughout this unit. In

some areas large limestone boulders are on the lower

slopes.

Minor Soils

• Hawthorne and Sugargrove soils on the upper part

of hillsides

• Christian soils on the upper part of hillsides in areas

of the Highland Rim

• Skidmore and Staser soils along narrow, intermittent

drainageways

• Mimosa soils on footslopes

• Armour soils on undulating stream terraces

Map Unit Suitability

Cropland

This unit is unsuited to cropland because of the

slope, the rock outcrop, the depth to hard bedrock, a

low available water capacity, and the hazard of

erosion.

Pasture and Hay

The Dellrose soils on footslopes are suited to

pasture in some areas. The Barfield and Gladdice soils

are poorly suited to pasture and hay because of the

numerous areas of rock outcrop, the low available

water capacity, and the steep slopes.

Woodland

Most areas of this unit are suited to woodland. The

Dellrose soils on the lower part of footslopes are well

suited to trees. The Barfield and Gladdice soils are

suited to drought-tolerant species. Planting selected

seedlings on east- and north-facing slopes helps to

overcome the droughtiness.

Residential and Commercial Uses

This unit is poorly suited to residential and

commercial uses. Some areas of the Dellrose soils

may be used for these purposes; however, the steep

slopes, the susceptibility to downslope seepage, and a

hazard of hillside slippage are limitations. Onsite

investigation is needed when the use and

management of specific sites are planned.

3. Christian-Mountview-Dickson

Very deep, undulating to hilly, well drained and

moderately well drained soils formed in a silty

mantle underlain by limestone residuum; on

uplands

Setting

Slope: 2 to 20 percent

Composition

Extent of map unit: 16 percent of the survey area

Composition of map unit:

Christian soils—41 percent

Mountview soils—33 percent

Dickson soils—16 percent

Minor components—10 percent
Jackson County, Tennessee 15

Soil Properties and Qualities

Christian

Drainage class: Well drained

Landscape position: Ridgetops and hillsides

Parent material: Limestone residuum

Surface texture: Silt loam

Slope: 2 to 20 percent

Mountview

Drainage class: Well drained and moderately well

drained

Landscape position: Rolling and undulating

ridgetops

Parent material: A silty mantle underlain by limestone

residuum

Surface texture: Silt loam

Slope: 2 to 12 percent

Dickson

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Landscape position: Undulating ridgetops

Parent material: A silty mantle underlain by limestone

residuum

Surface texture: Silt loam

Slope: 2 to 8 percent

Minor Components

• Hawthorne soils on steep hillsides

• Bewleyville soils on undulating uplands

• Humphreys soils on footslopes

• Sugargrove soils on narrow, rolling ridgetops

• Ocana soils on flood plains

• Barfield soils and rock outcrop on the lower hills

Map Unit Suitability

Cropland

The soils on the undulating and rolling uplands are

well suited to crop production. The hazard of erosion in

sloping areas and a restricted rooting depth are the

main management concerns.

Pasture and Hay

The soils in this unit are well suited to pasture and

hay.

Woodland

Most areas of this unit are well suited to woodland.

Residential and Commercial Uses

The Mountview and Christian soils in the less

sloping areas are suited to most residential and

commercial uses. The Dickson soils have a fragipan

in the subsoil. They are poorly suited to these uses

because of the seasonal wetness and slow

permeability.

4. Holston-Arrington-Staser

Very deep, nearly level to hilly, well drained soils

formed in loamy alluvium; on flood plains and stream

terraces

Setting

Slope: 0 to 20 percent

Composition

Extent of map unit: 4 percent of the survey area

Composition of map unit:

Holston soils—35 percent

Arrington soils—20 percent

Staser soils—12 percent

Minor soils—33 percent

Soil Properties and Qualities

Holston

Drainage class: Well drained

Landscape position: Undulating to hilly stream

terraces along the Cumberland River and its

major tributaries

Parent material: Loamy alluvium

Surface texture: Loam

Slope: 2 to 20 percent

Arrington

Drainage class: Well drained

Landscape position: Flood plains

Parent material: Loamy alluvium

Surface texture: Silt loam

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Staser

Drainage class: Well drained

Landscape position: Natural levees on flood plains

Parent material: Loamy alluvium

Surface texture: Loam

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Minor Soils

• Armour soils on undulating or rolling stream

terraces

• Minter and Lindside soils on flood plains
16

• Swafford soils on undulating stream terraces

• Skidmore soils on natural levees and gravel bars of

secondary streams

• Mimosa and Sykes soils on footslopes

Map Unit Suitability

Cropland

The soils on the undulating and rolling stream

terraces and the nearly level flood plains are well

suited to crop production. The frequency of flooding

and the hazard of erosion in sloping areas are

management concerns (fig. 2). Soils that have slopes

of more than 12 percent and all severely eroded soils

are poorly suited to cropland because of the hazard of

erosion.

Pasture and Hay

Most of the soils in this unit are well suited to

pasture and hay. The hilly areas of the Armour and

Holston soils are suited to pasture and hay, but more

intensive pasture management is needed to help

prevent overgrazing and erosion.

Woodland

Most of this unit is well suited to woodland.

Residential and Commercial Uses

The Holston soils in the nearly level to rolling areas

are well suited to most residential and commercial

uses. The Arrington and Staser soils are poorly suited

to these uses because of the flooding.

Figure 2.—An area of the Holston-Arrington-Staser general soil map unit. This unit is well suited to soybeans that are planted later

in the season, when flooding is not a hazard.
17

The map units delineated on the detailed soil maps

in this survey represent the soils or miscellaneous

areas in the survey area. The map unit descriptions in

this section, along with the maps, can be used to

determine the suitability and potential of a unit for

specific uses. They also can be used to plan the

management needed for those uses.

A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an

area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or

miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and

named according to the taxonomic classification of the

dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there are

precisely defined limits for the properties of the soils.

On the landscape, however, the soils are natural

phenomena, and they have the characteristic

variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of

some observed properties may extend beyond the

limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a

single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be mapped

without including areas of other taxonomic classes.

Consequently, every map unit is made up of the soils

or miscellaneous areas for which it is named and

some minor components that belong to taxonomic

classes other than those of the major soils.

Most minor soils have properties similar to those of

the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus

they do not affect use and management. These are

called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They

may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit

description. Other minor components, however, have

properties and behavioral characteristics divergent

enough to affect use or to require different

management. These are called contrasting, or

dissimilar, components. They generally are in small

areas and could not be mapped separately because of

the scale used. Some small areas of strongly

contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified

by a special symbol on the maps. The contrasting

components are mentioned in the map unit

descriptions. A few areas of minor components may

not have been observed, and consequently they are

not mentioned in the descriptions, especially where

the pattern was so complex that it was impractical to

make enough observations to identify all the soils and

miscellaneous areas on the landscape.

The presence of minor components in a map unit in

no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the

data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure

taxonomic classes but rather to separate the

landscape into landforms or landform segments that

have similar use and management requirements. The

delineation of such segments on the map provides

sufficient information for the development of resource

plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned,

however, onsite investigation is needed to define and

locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.

An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name

in the map unit descriptions. Each description includes

general facts about the unit and gives the principal

hazards and limitations to be considered in planning

for specific uses.

Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make

up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the

surface layer, all the soils of a series have major

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.

Soils of one series can differ in texture of the

surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of

erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use.

On the basis of such differences, a soil series is

divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on

the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The

name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature

that affects use or management. For example, Armour

silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded, is a phase of

the Armour series.

Some map units are made up of two or more major

soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are

complexes or undifferentiated groups.

A complex consists of two or more soils or

miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in

such small areas that they cannot be shown

separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of

the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar

in all areas. Barfield-Gladdice-Rock outcrop complex,

20 to 70 percent slopes, is an example.

Detailed Soil Map Units
18 Soil Survey

An undifferentiated group is made up of two or

more soils or miscellaneous areas that could be

mapped individually but are mapped as one unit

because similar interpretations can be made for use

and management. The pattern and proportion of the

soils or miscellaneous areas in a mapped area are

not uniform. An area can be made up of only one of

the major soils or miscellaneous areas, or it can be

made up of all of them. Dellrose and Mimosa soils,

20 to 60 percent slopes, is an undifferentiated group

in this survey area.

This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such

areas have little or no soil material and support little or

no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.

Table 4 gives the acreage and proportionate extent

of each map unit. Other tables give properties of the

soils and the limitations, capabilities, and potentials for

many uses. The Glossary defines many of the terms

used in describing the soils or miscellaneous areas.

AmB—Armour silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landscape position: Undulating stream terraces

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 10 to 40 acres

Major land use: Cropland

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches; brown silt loam

Subsurface layer:

9 to 13 inches; dark yellowish brown silt loam

Subsoil:

13 to 18 inches; dark yellowish brown silty clay loam

with brownish mottles

18 to 23 inches; dark yellowish brown silty clay loam

with brownish mottles

23 to 41 inches; strong brown silty clay loam with

yellowish, reddish, and brownish mottles

41 to 80 inches; strong brown silty clay loam with

brownish and yellowish mottles

 Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Soil reaction: Moderately acid or strongly acid, except

where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• Small areas of Humphreys soils on terrace

escarpments and footslopes

• Small areas of Sykes and Mimosa soils in the higher

positions on stream terraces

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Most locally adapted crops can be grown and can

produce good yields.

• This soil is susceptible to erosion, which can result

in removal of valuable topsoil.

• No-till planting, contour farming, and stripcropping

help to control erosion and maintain productivity.

Capability subclass: 2e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• No significant limitations affecting forage production

if erosion is controlled.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

• Alfalfa grows well and produces good yields in areas

where lime and fertilizer applications are adequate and

other necessary management practices have been

applied.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: Yellow poplar, black walnut,

white oak, southern red oak, hickory, eastern

white pine, loblolly pine

Management considerations:

• The main consideration affecting management of

timber is the hazard of soil rutting.

• See table 8a for additional information concerning

forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Low strength is a limitation on sites for local roads

and streets.

• Adding coarser textured base material helps to

prevent the damage to local roads and streets caused

by low strength.
Jackson County, Tennessee 19

AmC2—Armour silt loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Rolling stream terraces

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or, in some areas,

cropland

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches; brown silt loam with brownish

mottles

Subsoil:

9 to 20 inches; dark yellowish brown silty clay loam

with brownish mottles

20 to 36 inches; strong brown silty clay loam with

yellowish, reddish, and brownish mottles

36 to 80 inches; strong brown silty clay loam with

brownish and yellowish mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Soil reaction: Strongly acid or moderately acid, except

where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• Small areas of Humphreys soils on footslopes

• Mimosa soils at the base of footslopes

• Narrow strips of Arrington soils in the lower areas,

adjacent to stream channels

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Accelerated erosion can remove valuable topsoil

and adversely affect rooting depth.

• Conservation measures, such as no-till planting and

contour stripcropping, help to control erosion and

reduce the runoff rate.

• Tilth can be improved or maintained by applying a

cropping sequence that includes grasses, legumes,

or a mixture of grasses and legumes; using proper

crop rotations; minimizing tillage; and planting cover

crops.

Capability subclass: 3e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the slope, additional erosion is a hazard

if plants are overgrazed or if the plant stand is in poor

condition.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

• Alfalfa grows well and produces good yields in areas

where lime and fertilizer applications are adequate and

other necessary management practices have been

applied.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: Yellow poplar, black walnut,

white oak, southern red oak, hickory, eastern

white pine, loblolly pine

Management considerations:

• The main consideration affecting management of

timber is the hazard of soil rutting.

• See table 8a for additional information concerning

forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Low strength is the major limitation on sites for local

roads and streets.

• The slope is a limitation on sites for dwellings and

small commercial buildings.

• Adding coarser textured base material helps to

prevent the damage to local roads and streets caused

by low strength.

• Construction costs and proper design are major

considerations if sites for dwellings and small

commercial buildings are excavated or filled.

AmD2—Armour silt loam, 12 to 20 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Hilly stream terraces, north of the

Cumberland River

Shape of areas: Narrow

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Major land use: Pasture or woodland

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches; brown silt loam with brownish mottles

Subsoil:

9 to 20 inches; dark yellowish brown silty clay loam

with brownish mottles
20 Soil Survey

20 to 36 inches; strong brown silty clay loam with

yellowish, reddish, and brownish mottles

36 to 80 inches; strong brown silty clay loam with

brownish and yellowish mottles

 Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Soil reaction: Strongly acid or moderately acid, except

where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• Small, intermingled areas of Mimosa soils on short,

steep side slopes

• A few small areas of rock outcrop on the lower part

of hillsides

• Small areas of severely eroded soils that have a

surface layer of silty clay loam

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• This soil should not be used continuously as

cropland because of the slope and the high erosion

potential.

• Contour farming and a crop rotation system in which

a vegetative cover is maintained for several seasons

following cultivation help to control erosion.

• Conservation measures, such as no-till planting and

contour stripcropping, help to control erosion and

reduce the runoff rate.

Capability subclass: 4e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the slope, additional erosion is a hazard

if plants are overgrazed or if the plant stand is in poor

condition.

• Pastures should be renovated when the amount of

better forage plants in stands has decreased to less

than needed for optimum production.

• Adjusting stocking rates, especially in areas on the

steeper slopes, helps to prevent overgrazing and

control erosion.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Trees suitable for planting: Yellow poplar, black walnut,

white oak, southern red oak, hickory, eastern

white pine, loblolly pine

• The main considerations in managing for timber are

the suitability for log landings, the hazard of soil

rutting, the hazard of erosion on roads and trails, the

suitability for roads, the suitability for mechanical

planting, and the suitability for mechanical site

preparation.

• See tables 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d for additional

information concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The slope is the major limitation on sites for septic

tank absorption fields, dwellings, and small

commercial buildings.

• Low strength and the slope are major limitations on

sites for roads and streets.

• Construction costs and proper design are major

considerations if sites for dwellings and small

commercial buildings are excavated or filled.

• Building roads and streets in the less sloping areas

reduces the amount of cut and fill needed.

• Adding coarser textured base material helps to

prevent the damage to local roads and streets caused

by low strength.

Ar—Arrington silt loam, occasionally

flooded

Setting

Landscape position: Flood plains (fig. 3)

Shape of areas: Long, narrow, and nearly level

Size of areas: 5 to 100 acres

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Major land use: Cropland

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches; dark brown silt loam

Subsurface layer:

10 to 37 inches; dark brown silt loam with brownish

mottles

Subsoil:

37 to 55 inches; dark yellowish brown silty clay loam

with brownish mottles

Substratum:

55 to 80 inches; yellowish brown silt loam
Jackson County, Tennessee 21

 Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Soil reaction: Slightly acid or neutral

Flooding: Occasional; very brief periods in winter and

early spring

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• Small areas of Skidmore and Staser soils along

natural stream levees

• Poorly drained Minter soils and moderately well

drained Lindside soils in depressions and in narrow

strips adjacent to steep upland side slopes

• Armour soils on low stream terraces

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Most locally adapted crops can be grown and

can produce good yields.

• Small grain crops produce good yields, but they

can be damaged by the occasional flooding.

• The flooding, which occurs in winter and early

spring, is not a limitation affecting management.

Capability subclass: 2w

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Figure 3.—An area of Arrington silt loam, occasionally flooded, on a nearly level flood plain. This soil is well suited to fescue hay. A

pastured area of Mimosa silty clay loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded, and a wooded area of Hawthorne gravelly silt loam,

20 to 70 percent slopes, are in the background.
22 Soil Survey

Management considerations:

• Because of the flooding, only hay and pasture plants

that can tolerate short periods of wetness should be

selected for planting. These plants include fescue and

white clover.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: Yellow poplar, black walnut,

white oak, southern red oak, loblolly pine

Management considerations:

• The main consideration affecting management of

timber is the hazard of soil rutting.

• See table 8a for additional information concerning

forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Poorly suited to most of these uses

Management considerations:

• This soil is poorly suited to most residential and

commercial uses because of the flooding.

• Constructing dwellings, commercial structures,

roads, and streets above the expected flood level

helps to prevent the damage caused by flooding.

BaF—Barfield-Gladdice-Rock outcrop

complex, 20 to 70 percent slopes

Composition

Barfield and similar soils: 30 percent

Gladdice soil: 25 percent

Rock outcrop: 20 percent

Minor soils: 25 percent

Setting

Landscape position: Moderately steep and steep

hillsides

Size of areas: 10 to 200 acres

Major land use: Woodland

Typical Profile

Barfield

Surface layer:

0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown silty clay

Subsoil:

4 to 11 inches; dark brown clay with brownish mottles

11 to 18 inches; brown clay with brownish mottles

18 inches; hard limestone bedrock

Gladdice

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches; brown silty clay loam

Subsoil:

6 to 13 inches; dark yellowish brown silty clay loam

13 to 18 inches; dark yellowish brown clay

18 to 27 inches; yellowish brown clay with brownish

mottles

Substratum:

27 to 30 inches; light olive brown clay with brownish

and yellowish mottles

30 inches; hard limestone bedrock

Rock outcrop

The Rock outcrop occurs as horizontal ledges of

limestone in scattered areas throughout the unit. In

some areas large limestone boulders are on the lower

slopes.

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Barfield—low; Gladdice—

moderate

Seasonal high water table: None

Soil reaction: Slightly acid or neutral

Depth to bedrock: Barfield—within 20 inches;

Gladdice—20 to 40 inches

Inclusions

• Soils that are less than 8 inches deep over hard

bedrock

• Intermingled areas of well drained Dellrose and

Mimosa soils on hillsides

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The slope, the depth to bedrock, and the rockiness

are severe limitations affecting management and

production.

• Other areas should be considered.

Capability subclass: 7s

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The slope, the rockiness, and the droughtiness are

severe limitations affecting management and

production.

• Other areas should be considered.

Woodland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Trees suitable for planting: Virginia pine, eastern

redcedar, chestnut oak, white oak
Jackson County, Tennessee 23

Management considerations:

• The main considerations in managing for timber are

the limitations affecting the construction of haul roads

and log landings, the suitability for log landings, the

hazard of soil rutting, the hazard of off-road erosion,

the hazard of erosion on roads and trails, the suitability

for roads, the suitability for mechanical planting, the

suitability for harvesting equipment, and the suitability

for surface and deep mechanical site preparation.

• See tables 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, and 8e for additional

information concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The major limitations are the slope, the shallow

depth to bedrock, and a high shrink-swell potential.

• Other sites should be considered.

BcD—Barfield-Rock outcrop complex,

5 to 20 percent slopes

Composition

Barfield and similar soils: 45 percent

Rock outcrop: 40 percent

Minor soils: 15 percent

Setting

Landscape position: Rolling ridgetops

Size of areas: 5 to 25 acres

Major land use: Woodland

Typical Profile

Barfield

Surface layer:

0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown silty clay

Subsoil:

4 to 11 inches; dark brown clay with brownish

mottles

11 to 18 inches; brown clay with brownish mottles

18 inches; hard limestone bedrock

Rock outcrop

The Rock outcrop occurs as horizontal ledges of

limestone in scattered areas throughout the unit.

 Soil Properties and Qualities

Barfield

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Low

Seasonal high water table: None

Soil reaction: Slightly acid or neutral

Depth to bedrock: Within 20 inches

Inclusions

• Soils that are less than 8 inches deep over hard

bedrock

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The slope, the depth to bedrock, and the rockiness

are severe limitations affecting management and

production.

• Other areas should be considered.

Capability subclass: 6s

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The slope, the rockiness, and the droughtiness are

severe limitations affecting management and

production (fig. 4).

• Other areas should be considered.

Woodland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Trees suitable for planting: Virginia pine, eastern

redcedar, chestnut oak, white oak

Management considerations:

• The main considerations in managing for timber are

the limitations affecting the construction of haul roads

and log landings, the suitability for log landings, the

hazard of soil rutting, the hazard of erosion on roads

and trails, the suitability for roads, and the suitability

for deep mechanical site preparation.

• See tables 8a, 8b, and 8d for additional information

concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The major limitations are the depth to bedrock and a

shrink-swell potential.

• Other sites should be considered.

BeB2—Bewleyville silt loam, 2 to

5 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Broad, undulating ridges

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 5 to 35 acres

Major land use: Cropland or hay
24 Soil Survey

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches; yellowish brown silt loam with

brownish and reddish mottles

Subsoil:

6 to 26 inches; strong brown silty clay loam with

reddish mottles

26 to 45 inches; red clay with brownish mottles

45 to 80 inches; red clay with brownish and grayish

mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Soil reaction: Strongly acid or moderately acid, except

where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• Small areas of moderately well drained Dickson soils

in saddles and slight depressions

• Christian and Sengtown soils in sloping areas

adjacent to the steeper side slopes

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Well suited

Figure 4.—An area of Barfield-Rock outcrop complex, 5 to 20 percent slopes, used as pasture. The limestone rock outcrop hinders

the use of this map unit for hay in most areas.
Jackson County, Tennessee 25

Management considerations:

• Most locally adapted crops can be grown and can

produce good yields.

• Applying a conservation tillage system helps to

prevent the damage caused by erosion.

• No-till planting, contour farming, and stripcropping

help to control erosion and maintain productivity.

Capability subclass: 2e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• No significant limitations affect forage production if

erosion is controlled.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

• Alfalfa grows well and produces good yields in areas

where lime and fertilizer applications are adequate and

other necessary management practices have been

applied.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: Yellow poplar, white oak,

southern red oak, hickory, loblolly pine, shortleaf

pine

Management considerations:

• The main consideration affecting management of

timber is the hazard of soil rutting.

• See table 8a for additional information concerning

forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Low strength is the major limitation on sites for local

roads and streets.

• Adding coarser textured base material helps to

prevent the damage to local roads and streets caused

by low strength.

BeC2—Bewleyville silt loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Broad, undulating or rolling ridges

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 5 to 35 acres

Major land use: Cropland or hay

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches; yellowish brown silt loam with brownish

and reddish mottles

Subsoil:

6 to 26 inches; strong brown silty clay loam with

reddish mottles

26 to 45 inches; red clay with brownish mottles

45 to 80 inches; red clay with brownish and grayish

mottles

 Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Soil reaction: Strongly acid or moderately acid, except

where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• Small areas of moderately well drained Dickson soils

in saddles and slight depressions

• Christian and Sengtown soils in sloping areas

adjacent to the steeper side slopes

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• This soil is susceptible to additional erosion, which

can result in removal of valuable topsoil and a

decrease in rooting depth.

• Conservation measures, such as no-till planting and

contour stripcropping, help to control erosion and

reduce the runoff rate.

• Tilth can be improved or maintained by applying a

cropping sequence that includes grasses, legumes, or

a mixture of grasses and legumes; using proper crop

rotations; minimizing tillage; and planting cover crops.

Capability subclass: 3e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the slope, additional erosion is a hazard

if plants are overgrazed or if the plant stand is in poor

condition.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

• Alfalfa grows well and produces good yields in areas

where lime and fertilizer applications are adequate and

other necessary management practices have been

applied.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited
26 Soil Survey

Trees suitable for planting: Yellow poplar, white oak,

southern red oak, hickory, loblolly pine, shortleaf

pine

Management considerations:

• The main considerations affecting management of

timber are the hazard of soil rutting and the hazard of

erosion on roads and trails.

• See tables 8a and 8b for additional information

concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The slope is the major limitation on sites for small

commercial buildings.

• Low strength is the major limitation on sites for local

roads and streets.

• Construction costs and proper design are major

considerations if sites for dwellings and small

commercial buildings are excavated or filled.

• Building roads and streets in the less sloping areas

reduces the amount of cut and fill needed.

• Adding coarser textured base material helps to

prevent the damage to local roads and streets caused

by low strength.

CrB2—Christian silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Broad, undulating ridgetops,

dominantly in the eastern and southeastern parts

of the county

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 20 to 100 acres

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or woodland

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches; yellowish brown silt loam with brownish

mottles

Subsoil:

7 to 17 inches; yellowish red silty clay loam

17 to 42 inches; yellowish red silty clay with reddish,

brownish, and yellowish mottles

42 to 55 inches; red silty clay with yellowish, brownish,

and reddish mottles

55 to 61 inches; yellow, yellowish red, and red silty

clay

Substratum:

61 to 80 inches; red, strong brown, and reddish yellow

silty clay

 Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Slow

Available water capacity: Moderate

Soil reaction: Strongly acid or very strongly acid,

except where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet; isolated

boulders within a depth of 60 inches in

some areas

Inclusions

• Small areas of severely eroded soils that have a

surface layer of silty clay loam

• Moderately well drained Dickson soils in saddles

and at the head of drainageways

• Small, intermingled areas of Mountview soils on

convex knolls

• Small areas of Hawthorne soils on shoulder slopes,

in the eastern part of the county

• Soils that have more gravel in the surface layer and

subsoil than the Christian soil

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Accelerated erosion can remove valuable topsoil

and adversely affect rooting depth.

• Conservation measures, such as no-till planting and

contour stripcropping, help to control erosion and

reduce the runoff rate.

• Tilth can be improved or maintained and soil

moisture can be conserved by applying a cropping

sequence that includes grasses, legumes, or a mixture

of grasses and legumes; using proper crop rotations;

minimizing tillage; and planting cover crops.

Capability subclass: 2e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the slope, the hazard of erosion is

increased if plants are overgrazed or if the stand is in

poor condition.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

• Alfalfa grows well and produces good yields in areas

where lime and fertilizer applications are adequate and

other necessary management practices have been

applied.
Jackson County, Tennessee 27

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: Eastern white pine, yellow

poplar, black walnut, white oak, hickory, white ash,

southern red oak

Management considerations:

• The main consideration affecting management of

timber is the hazard of soil rutting.

• See table 8a for additional information concerning

forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• A shrink-swell potential is a limitation on sites for

dwellings and small commercial buildings.

• Low strength is a limitation on sites for local roads

and streets.

• The restricted permeability in the subsoil is a

limitation on sites for septic tank absorption fields.

• Backfilling deep cuts with material that has low

shrink-swell potential and diverting runoff away from

buildings help to prevent structural damage to

dwellings.

• Adding coarser textured base material helps to

prevent the damage to local roads and streets caused

by low strength.

• Increasing the size of septic tank absorption fields

and placing filter lines on the contour help to overcome

the restricted permeability and the slope.

CrC2—Christian silt loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Rolling ridgetops, dominantly in

the eastern and southeastern parts of the county

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 20 to 100 acres

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or woodland

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches; yellowish brown silt loam with brownish

mottles

Subsoil:

7 to 17 inches; yellowish red silty clay loam

17 to 42 inches; yellowish red silty clay with reddish,

brownish, and yellowish mottles

42 to 55 inches; red silty clay with yellowish, brownish,

and reddish mottles

55 to 61 inches; yellow, yellowish red, and red silty

clay

Substratum:

61 to 80 inches; red, strong brown, and reddish yellow

silty clay

 Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Slow

Available water capacity: Moderate

Soil reaction: Strongly acid or very strongly acid,

except where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet; isolated boulders

within a depth of 60 inches in some areas

Inclusions

• Small areas of severely eroded soils that have a

surface layer of silty clay loam

• Moderately well drained Dickson soils on saddles

and at the head of drainageways

• Small, intermingled areas of Mountview soils on

convex knolls

• Small areas of Hawthorne soils on shoulder slopes,

in the eastern part of the county

• Soils that have more gravel in the surface layer and

subsoil than the Christian soil

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Accelerated erosion can remove valuable topsoil

and adversely affect rooting depth.

• In dry years the soil may be droughty and yields may

be reduced.

• Conservation measures, such as no-till planting and

contour stripcropping, help to control erosion and

reduce the runoff rate.

• Tilth can be improved or maintained and soil

moisture can be conserved by applying a cropping

sequence that includes grasses, legumes, or a mixture

of grasses and legumes; using proper crop rotations;

minimizing tillage; and planting cover crops.

Capability subclass: 3e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the slope, additional erosion is a hazard

if plants are overgrazed or if the plant stand is in poor

condition.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.
28 Soil Survey

• Alfalfa grows well and produces good yields in areas

where lime and fertilizer applications are adequate and

other necessary management practices have been

applied.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: Eastern white pine, yellow

poplar, black walnut, white oak, hickory, white ash,

southern red oak

Management considerations:

• The main considerations in managing for timber are

the hazard of soil rutting and the hazard of erosion on

roads and trails.

• See tables 8a and 8b for additional information

concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The slope and a shrink-swell potential are limitations

on sites for dwellings and small commercial buildings.

• Low strength is the major limitation on sites for local

roads and streets.

• The restricted permeability in the subsoil and the

slope are limitations on sites for septic tank absorption

fields.

• Construction costs and proper design are major

considerations if sites for dwellings and small

commercial buildings are excavated or filled.

• Backfilling deep cuts with material that has low

shrink-swell potential and diverting runoff away from

buildings help to prevent structural damage to

dwellings.

• Adding coarser textured base material helps to

prevent the damage to local roads and streets caused

by low strength.

• Increasing the size of septic tank absorption fields

and placing filter lines on the contour help to overcome

the restricted permeability and the slope.

CrD2—Christian silt loam, 12 to

20 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Hillsides, in the eastern and

southeastern parts of the county

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 20 to 100 acres

Major land use: Pasture or woodland

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches; yellowish brown silt loam with brownish

mottles

Subsoil:

7 to 17 inches; yellowish red silty clay loam

17 to 42 inches; yellowish red silty clay with reddish,

brownish, and yellowish mottles

42 to 55 inches; red silty clay with yellowish, brownish,

and reddish mottles

55 to 61 inches; yellow, yellowish red, and red silty

clay

Substratum:

61 to 80 inches; red, strong brown, and reddish yellow

silty clay

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Slow

Available water capacity: Moderate

Soil reaction: Strongly acid or very strongly acid,

except where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet; isolated

boulders within a depth of 60 inches in some

areas

Inclusions

• Small areas of severely eroded soils that have a

surface layer of silty clay loam

• Small areas of somewhat excessively drained

Hawthorne soils in the lower positions on hillsides, in

the eastern part of the county

• Small areas of Dellrose soils on the lower

footslopes

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• This soil should not be used continuously as

cropland because of the slope and the high erosion

potential.

Capability subclass: 6e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the slope, the hazard of erosion is

increased if plants are overgrazed or if the stand is in

poor condition.

• Pastures should be renovated when the amount of

better forage plants in stands has decreased to less

than needed for optimum production.

• Adjusting stocking rates, especially in areas on the

steeper slopes, helps to prevent overgrazing and

control erosion.
Jackson County, Tennessee 29

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Trees suitable for planting: Eastern white pine, yellow

poplar, black walnut, white oak, hickory, white ash,

southern red oak

Management considerations:

• The main considerations in managing for timber are

the suitability for log landings, the hazard of soil

rutting, the hazard of erosion on roads and trails, the

suitability for roads, and the suitability for mechanical

planting.

• See tables 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d for additional

information concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The slope and a shrink-swell potential are major

limitations on sites for dwellings and small commercial

buildings.

• Low strength and the slope are major limitations on

sites for roads and streets.

• The restricted permeability in the subsoil and the

slope are limitations on sites for septic tank absorption

fields.

• Construction costs and proper design are

major considerations if sites for dwellings and

small commercial buildings are excavated or

filled.

• Backfilling deep cuts with material that has low

shrink-swell potential and diverting runoff away from

buildings help to prevent structural damage to

dwellings.

• Building roads and streets in the less sloping areas

reduces the amount of cut and fill needed.

• Adding coarser textured base material helps to

prevent the damage to local roads and streets caused

by low strength.

• Increasing the size of septic tank absorption

fields and placing filter lines on the contour help

to overcome the restricted permeability and the

slope.

DaF—Dellrose and Mimosa soils, 20 to

60 percent slopes

Composition

Dellrose and similar soils: 55 percent

Mimosa soil: 35 percent

Minor soils: 10 percent

Setting

Landscape position: Steep hillsides, north of the

Cumberland River

Size of areas: 20 to 100 acres

Major land use: Woodland or, in some areas,

pasture

Typical Profile

Dellrose

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches; dark brown gravelly silt loam

Subsurface layer:

6 to 15 inches; brown gravelly silt loam

Subsoil:

15 to 52 inches; dark yellowish brown gravelly silty

clay loam

52 to 63 inches; dark yellowish brown very gravelly

silty clay loam with brownish mottles

63 to 80 inches; dark yellowish brown silty clay with

brownish mottles

Mimosa

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches; dark brown silty clay loam

Subsurface layer:

5 to 9 inches; brown silty clay loam with brownish

mottles

Subsoil:

9 to 31 inches; yellowish brown clay

31 to 42 inches; yellowish brown clay with brownish

mottles

42 inches; hard limestone bedrock

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Dellrose—moderately rapid; Mimosa—

slow or very slow

Flooding: None

Available water capacity: Moderate

Seasonal high water table: None

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately

acid

Depth to bedrock: Dellrose—more than 60 inches;

Mimosa—40 to 60 inches

Inclusions

• A few small areas of Gladdice soils on the lower

third of hillsides

• Intermingled areas of somewhat excessively drained

Hawthorne soils on the upper third of hillsides

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited
30 Soil Survey

Management considerations:

• The slope, the depth to bedrock, the hazard

of erosion, the limited available water capacity,

and the fragments in the surface soil and

subsoil are limitations affecting management

and production.

• Other areas should be considered.

Capability subclass: 7e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Hay—poorly suited; pasture—suited in

some of the less sloping areas

Management considerations:

• The slopes and the hazard of erosion are limitations

affecting pasture management.

• Maintaining a permanent vegetative cover helps to

control erosion.

• The limited available water capacity can cause

a moisture deficit in late summer, and as a result,

stands of less hardy plants may suffer from moisture

stress.

• Mixtures of hardy forage plants, such as tall fescue

with clover or sericea lespedeza, are among the

adapted forage plants.

• Reseeding pastures may be necessary if the plant

cover does not provide an adequate stand of desirable

species for forage production or does not help to

control erosion.

• Adjusting stocking rates, especially in areas on the

steeper slopes, helps to prevent overgrazing and

control erosion.

• The safe operation of equipment used to broadcast

seed or apply fertilizer and herbicides may not be

possible in pastured areas that have slopes of more

than 30 percent unless access roads are built on the

contour.

Woodland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Trees suitable for planting: Virginia pine, eastern

redcedar, chestnut oak, white oak

Management considerations:

• The main considerations in managing for timber are

the limitations affecting the construction of haul roads

and log landings, the suitability for log landings, the

hazard of soil rutting, the hazard of erosion on roads

and trails, the suitability for roads, the suitability for

mechanical planting, the suitability for use of harvest

equipment, and the suitability for mechanical site

preparation.

• See tables 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d for additional

information concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The slope, the shallow depth to bedrock, a high

shrink-swell potential, and the restricted permeability

are major limitations.

• Other sites should be considered

DeC—Dellrose gravelly silt loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes

Setting

Landscape position: Concave footslopes, north of the

Cumberland River

Shape of areas: Long and narrow

Size of areas: 5 to 40 acres

Major land use: Pasture or row crops

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches; dark brown gravelly silt loam

Subsurface layer:

6 to 15 inches; brown gravelly silt loam

Subsoil:

15 to 52 inches; dark yellowish brown gravelly

silty clay loam

52 to 63 inches; dark yellowish brown very

gravelly silty clay loam with brownish

mottles

63 to 80 inches; dark yellowish brown silty clay

with brownish mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Moderate

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid,

except where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• Small areas of Armour and Sykes soils on

stream terraces

• Mimosa soils at the base of footslopes

• Narrow strips of well drained Arrington soils in

the lower landscape positions adjacent to stream

channels

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Accelerated erosion can remove valuable topsoil

and adversely affect rooting depth.
Jackson County, Tennessee 31

• Conservation measures, such as no-till planting and

contour stripcropping, help to control erosion and

reduce the runoff rate.

• Tilth can be improved or maintained by applying a

cropping sequence that includes grasses, legumes, or

a mixture of grasses and legumes; using proper crop

rotations; minimizing tillage; and planting cover crops.

Capability subclass: 3e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the slope, erosion is a hazard if plants

are overgrazed or if the plant stand is in poor

condition.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

• Alfalfa grows well and produces good yields in areas

where lime and fertilizer applications are adequate and

other necessary management practices have been

applied.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: Yellow poplar, black walnut,

white oak, southern red oak, hickory, eastern

white pine, loblolly pine

Management considerations:

• The main considerations for management of timber

are the hazard of soil rutting and the hazard of erosion

on roads and trails.

• See tables 8a and 8b for additional information

concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The slope is a limitation on sites for local roads and

streets.

• The slope and the restricted permeability in the

lower part of the subsoil are limitations on sites for

septic tank absorption fields.

• The slope is a limitation on sites for dwellings and

small commercial buildings.

• Building local roads and streets on the contour and

in the less sloping areas reduces the amount of cut

and fill needed.

• Increasing the size of septic tank absorption fields

and installing distribution lines on the contour will help

to compensate for the slope and the restricted

permeability.

• Construction costs and proper design are major

considerations if sites for dwellings and small

commercial buildings are excavated or filled.

DeD2—Dellrose gravelly silt loam, 12 to

20 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Hillsides, north of the

Cumberland River

Shape of areas: Long and narrow

Size of areas: 5 to 40 acres

Major land use: Pasture or woodland

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 4 inches; dark brown gravelly silt loam with

brownish mottles

Subsoil:

4 to 52 inches; dark yellowish brown gravelly silty clay

loam

52 to 63 inches; dark yellowish brown very gravelly

silty clay loam with brownish mottles

63 to 80 inches; dark yellowish brown silty clay with

brownish mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Moderate

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid,

except where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• Small areas of Armour and Sykes soils on stream

terraces.

• Mimosa soils on footslopes

• Intermingled areas of Barfield and Gladdice soils in

steep, convex positions on the landscape

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• This soil should not be used continuously as

cropland because of the slope and the high erosion

potential.

• Contour farming and a crop rotation system in which

a vegetative cover is maintained for several seasons

following cultivation help to control erosion.

• Conservation measures, such as no-till planting and

contour stripcropping, help to control erosion and

reduce the runoff rate.

Capability subclass: 4e
32 Soil Survey

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Suited (fig. 5)

Management considerations:

• Because of the slope, additional erosion is a hazard

if plants are overgrazed or if the plant stand is in poor

condition.

• Pastures should be renovated when the amount of

better forage plants in stands has decreased to less

than needed for optimum production.

• Adjusting stocking rates, especially in areas on the

steeper slopes, helps to prevent overgrazing and

control erosion.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Trees suitable for planting: Yellow poplar, black walnut,

white oak, southern red oak, hickory, eastern

white pine, loblolly pine

Management considerations:

• The main considerations in managing for timber are

the suitability for log landings, the hazard of soil

Figure 5.—An area of Dellrose gravelly silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded. In the background on the steep, wooded hillsides

is an area of Hawthorne gravelly silt loam, 20 to 70 percent slopes.
Jackson County, Tennessee 33

rutting, the hazard of erosion on roads and trails, the

suitability for roads, and the suitability for mechanical

planting.

• See tables 8a, 8b, and 8c for additional information

concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The slope is the major limitation affecting most

residential and commercial uses.

DeE—Dellrose gravelly silt loam, 20 to

45 percent slopes

Setting

Landscape position: Steep hillsides, north of the

Cumberland River

Size of areas: 5 to 40 acres

Major land use: Woodland or, in some areas, pasture

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 6 inches; dark brown gravelly silt loam

Subsurface layer:

6 to 15 inches; brown gravelly silt loam

Subsoil:

15 to 52 inches; dark yellowish brown gravelly silty

clay loam

52 to 63 inches; dark yellowish brown very gravelly

silty clay loam with brownish mottles

63 to 80 inches; dark yellowish brown silty clay with

brownish mottles

Inclusions

• A few small, intermingled areas of Gladdice

and Mimosa soils in the lower landscape

positions

• Hawthorne soils on the upper third of hillsides

 Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Moderate

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid,

except where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The slope, the hazard of erosion, the limited

available water capacity, and the fragments in the

surface soil and subsoil are limitations affecting

management and production.

• Other areas should be considered.

Capability subclass: 7e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Hay—poorly suited, pasture—suited in

some of the less sloping areas

Management considerations:

• The slope, the high runoff rate, and the hazard of

erosion are limitations affecting pasture management.

• A permanent vegetative cover helps to control

erosion.

• The high runoff rate and the limited available water

capacity can cause a moisture deficit in late summer,

and as a result, stands of less hardy plants may suffer

from moisture stress.

• Mixtures of hardy forage plants, such as tall fescue

with clover or sericea lespedeza, are among the

adapted forage plants.

• Reseeding pastures may be necessary if the plant

cover does not provide an adequate stand of desirable

species for forage production or does not help to

control erosion.

• Adjusting stocking rates, especially in areas on the

steeper slopes, helps to prevent overgrazing and

control erosion.

• The safe operation of equipment used to broadcast

seed or apply fertilizer and herbicides may not be

possible in pastured areas that have slopes of more

than 30 percent unless access roads are built on the

contour.

Woodland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Trees suitable for planting: Virginia pine, eastern

redcedar, chestnut oak, white oak

Management considerations:

• The main considerations in managing for timber are

the limitations affecting the construction of haul roads

and log landings, the suitability for log landings, the

hazard of soil rutting, the hazard of erosion on roads

and trails, the suitability for roads, and the suitability

for mechanical planting.

• See tables 8a, 8b, and 8c for additional information

concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The slope is the major limitation.

• Other sites should be considered.
34 Soil Survey

DkB2—Dickson silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Broad, undulating ridgetops

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 5 to 40 acres

Major land use: Cropland or hay

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 11 inches; yellowish brown silt loam with olive

brown mottles

Subsoil:

11 to 22 inches; light olive brown silty clay loam with

brownish mottles

22 to 25 inches; light yellowish brown silty clay loam

and light olive brown silt loam

25 to 51 inches; a fragipan of yellowish brown silty clay

loam with brownish and grayish mottles

51 to 66 inches; red gravelly clay

Inclusions

• A few small areas of a poorly drained soil in

depressions

• Well drained Mountview soils on the slightly higher,

convex knolls

 Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan, slow or

very slow in the fragipan

Available water capacity: Moderate

Soil reaction: Strongly acid or very strongly acid,

except where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Depth to high water table: 1.5 to 2.0 feet in winter and

early spring (perched)

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Most climatically adapted crops grow well if

management measures are applied to help control

erosion.

• The wetness in winter and early spring can restrict

rooting depth and plant germination.

• Cover crops, crop rotations, crop residue

management, and a conservation tillage system help

to control erosion and conserve soil moisture.

• Planting crops later in the spring will improve plant

germination and early growth.

Capability subclass: 2e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the seasonal wetness, only hay and

pasture plants that can tolerate short periods of

wetness should be selected for planting. These plants

include fescue and white clover.

• The perched water table limits grazing for several

days at a time in winter and early spring.

• Hay yields may be reduced in dry years because of

the limited available water capacity.

• Grazing should be deferred until late spring and then

discontinued in early fall.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: White oak, southern red

oak, yellow poplar, eastern white pine, loblolly

pine

Management considerations:

• The main considerations for managing timber are

the hazard of soil rutting and the suitability for

mechanical site preparation.

• See tables 8a and 8d for additional information

concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The perched water table and the restricted

permeability in the subsoil are major limitations on

sites for septic tank absorption fields.

• Low strength is the major limitation on sites for local

roads and streets.

• The seasonal wetness is a limitation on sites for

dwellings with basements and small commercial

buildings.

• A subsurface drainage system helps to lower

the water table on sites for septic tank absorption

fields.

• Adding coarser textured base material helps to

prevent the damage to local roads and streets caused

by low strength.

• Installing a drainage system around dwellings and

small commercial buildings helps to overcome the

wetness.
Jackson County, Tennessee 35

DkC2—Dickson silt loam, 5 to 8 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Undulating ridges

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Major land use: Hay or pasture

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 11 inches; yellowish brown silt loam with olive

brown mottles

Subsoil:

11 to 22 inches; light olive brown silty clay loam with

brownish mottles

22 to 25 inches; light yellowish brown silty clay loam

and light olive brown silt loam

25 to 51 inches; a fragipan of yellowish brown silty clay

loam with brownish and grayish redox features

51 to 66 inches; red gravelly clay

Inclusions

• A few small areas of a poorly drained soil in

depressions

• Well drained Mountview soils on the slightly higher,

convex knolls

 Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate above the fragipan, slow or

very slow in the fragipan

Available water capacity: Moderate

Soil reaction: Strongly acid or very strongly acid,

except where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Depth to water table: 1.5 to 2.0 feet in winter and early

spring (perched)

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Accelerated erosion can remove valuable topsoil

and adversely affect rooting depth.

• Conservation measures, such as no-till planting and

contour stripcropping, help to control erosion and

reduce the runoff rate.

• The wetness in winter and early spring can restrict

rooting depth and plant germination.

• Planting crops later in the spring will improve plant

germination and early growth.

Capability subclass: 3e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the seasonal wetness, only hay

and pasture plants that can tolerate short

periods of wetness should be selected for

planting. These plants include fescue and white

clover.

• The perched water table limits grazing for several

days at a time in winter and early spring.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

• Grazing should be deferred until late spring and then

discontinued in early fall.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: White oak, southern red

oak, yellow poplar, eastern white pine

Management considerations:

• The main considerations affecting management of

timber are the hazard of soil rutting and the suitability

for mechanical preparation.

• See tables 8a and 8d for additional information

concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The perched water table, the slope, and the

restricted permeability in the subsoil are major

limitations on sites for septic tank absorption

fields.

• Low strength and the wetness are limitations on

sites for local roads and streets.

• The slope and the wetness are major limitations on

sites for small commercial buildings.

• This soil is poorly suited to dwellings with

basements because of the wetness.

• A subsurface drainage system helps to lower

the water table on sites for septic tank absorption

fields.

• If the soil is to be used as a base for roads and

streets, designing a drainage system to remove

surface water and adding coarser textured base

material help to prevent the damage to local

roads and streets caused by wetness and low

strength.

• Construction costs and proper design are major

considerations if sites for small commercial buildings

are excavated or filled.

• Providing a drainage system and diverting runoff

away from dwellings and small commercial buildings

help to overcome the wetness.
36 Soil Survey

HaD—Hawthorne gravelly silt loam, 5 to

20 percent slopes

Setting

Landscape position: Rolling ridgetops, north of the

Cumberland River

Shape of areas: Long and irregular

Size of areas: 5 to 200 acres

Major land use: Woodland

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches; brown gravelly silt loam

Subsurface layer:

2 to 4 inches; brown gravelly silt loam

Subsoil:

4 to 12 inches; yellowish brown very channery

silt loam with brownish and yellowish

mottles

12 to 23 inches; brownish yellow very channery

silt loam with brownish mottles

Substratum:

23 inches; alternating strata of highly fractured

siltstone, chert bands, and silty clay loam soil

material

Inclusions

• Well drained Dellrose soils on hillsides

• Small, intermingled areas of well drained Sengtown

and Sugargrove soils on convex knolls

 Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Low

Soil reaction: Strongly acid to extremely acid, except

where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• This soil is unsuited to row crops because of the

slope, the low available water capacity, the depth to

bedrock, and the fragments in the surface layer and

subsoil.

• Other areas should be considered.

Capability subclass: 4s

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• Stands of pasture plants are poor or sparse because

of the low available water capacity.

• Because of the slope, the hazard of erosion is

increased if plants are overgrazed.

• Forage plants that can tolerate droughty conditions

should be selected for seeding.

• Pastures should be renovated when the amount of

better forage plants in stands has decreased to less

than needed for optimum production.

• Adjusting stocking rates, especially in areas on the

steeper slopes, helps to prevent overgrazing.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited to drought-resistant species

Trees suitable for planting: Eastern redcedar, white

oak, mockernut hickory, chestnut oak, Virginia

pine

Management considerations:

• The main considerations in managing for timber are

the suitability for log landings, the hazard of soil

rutting, and the suitability for roads.

• See tables 8a and 8b for additional information

concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• This soil is poorly suited to residential and

commercial uses because of the slope and the depth

to bedrock.

• Other sites should be considered.

HaF—Hawthorne gravelly silt loam, 20 to

70 percent slopes

Setting

Landscape position: Steep, highly dissected hillsides

Size of areas: 20 to 300 acres

Major land use: Woodland

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches; brown gravelly silt loam

Subsurface layer:

2 to 4 inches; brown gravelly silt loam

Subsoil:

4 to 12 inches; yellowish brown very channery silt

loam with brownish and yellowish mottles

12 to 23 inches; brownish yellow very channery silt

loam with brownish mottles

Substratum:

23 inches; alternating strata of highly fractured

siltstone, chert bands, and silty clay loam soil

material
Jackson County, Tennessee 37

Inclusions

• Small areas of well drained Mimosa and Barfield

soils on the lower part of hillsides

• Some areas of rock outcrop at the surface on the

lower part of hillsides

 Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The slope, the depth to bedrock, the hazard of

erosion, the limited available water capacity, and

fragments in the surface layer and subsoil are

limitations affecting management and production.

• Other areas should be considered.

Capability subclass: 7s

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The slope and the hazard of erosion are limitations

affecting pasture management.

• The high runoff rate and the limited available water

capacity can cause a moisture deficit in late summer,

and as a result, stands of less hardy plants may suffer

from moisture stress.

• Mixtures of hardy forage plants, such as tall fescue

with clover or sericea lespedeza, are among the

adapted forage plants.

• Reseeding pastures may be necessary if the plant

cover does not provide an adequate stand of desirable

species for forage production or does not help to

control erosion.

• Adjusting stocking rates, especially in areas on the

steeper slopes, helps to prevent overgrazing and

control erosion.

• The safe operation of equipment used to broadcast

seed or apply fertilizer and herbicides may not be

possible in pastured areas that have slopes of more

than 30 percent unless access roads are built on the

contour.

Woodland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Trees suitable for planting: Eastern redcedar, white

oak, mockernut hickory, chestnut oak, Virginia

pine

Management considerations:

• The main considerations in managing for timber

are the limitations affecting the construction of haul

roads and log landings, the suitability for log landings,

the hazard of soil rutting, the hazard of off-road

erosion, the hazard of erosion on roads and trails,

the suitability for roads, the suitability for mechanical

planting, the suitability for use of harvesting

equipment, and the suitability for mechanical site

preparation.

• See tables 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d for additional

information concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• This soil is poorly suited to most of these uses

because of the slope, the depth to rock, and the

hazards of seepage and slippage.

• Other sites should be considered.

HdF—Hawthorne-Rock outcrop complex,

40 to 80 percent slopes

Composition

Hawthorne and similar soils: 48 percent

Rock outcrop: 47 percent

Minor soils: 5 percent

Setting

Landscape position: Very steep bluffs along the

Roaring River, adjacent to Overton County

Size of areas: 75 to 150 acres

Major land use: Woodland or recreational

activities

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches; brown gravelly silt loam

Subsurface layer:

2 to 4 inches; brown gravelly silt loam

Subsoil:

4 to 12 inches; yellowish brown very channery silt

loam with brownish and yellowish mottles

12 to 23 inches; brownish yellow very channery silt

loam with brownish mottles

Substratum:

23 inches; alternating strata of highly fractured

siltstone, chert bands, and silty clay loam soil

material

Inclusions

• Areas of rock rubble on narrow shelves and at the

base of the bluffs
38 Soil Survey

• Small, intermingled areas of soils that have hard

bedrock within a depth of 40 inches and are on

benches

 Soil Properties and Qualities

Hawthorne

Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Low

Soil reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 40 inches

Rock outcrop

The Rock outcrop occurs as large vertical bluffs of

hard limestone bedrock stratified with siltstone and soil

material. Many areas have vegetation growing

horizontally from the seams in the bedrock and large

stones and cobbles deposited as talus at the base of

the bluffs.

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• This unit is not suited to cropland because of the

very steep slopes and the limestone bluffs.

Capability subclass: 7s

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The unit is unsuited to pasture and hay because of

the very steep slopes and the vertical rock bluffs.

Woodland

Suitability: Unsuited

• This unit is unsuited for use as woodland because of

the very steep slopes and the nearly vertical rock

bluffs.

• See tables 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d for additional

information concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Unsuited

• Other sites should be considered.

HoB—Holston loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Setting

Landscape position: Undulating stream terraces

along the Cumberland River and its major

tributaries

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 5 to 80 acres

Major land use: Cropland

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 8 inches; brown loam

Subsoil:

8 to 17 inches; strong brown clay loam

17 to 80 inches; strong brown clay loam with yellowish

and brownish mottles

Inclusions

• Intermingled areas of Armour and Sykes soils in the

lower positions on stream terraces

• Small areas of moderately well drained Swafford

soils in small depressions and on flats on stream

terraces

• Mimosa soils along the edge of footslopes

 Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid,

except where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Most locally adapted crops can be grown and can

produce good yields.

• This soil is susceptible to erosion, which can result

in removal of valuable topsoil.

• No-till planting, contour farming, and stripcropping

help to control erosion and maintain productivity.

Capability subclass: 2e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• No significant limitations affect forage production if

erosion is controlled.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

• Alfalfa grows well and produces good yields in areas

where lime and fertilizer applications are adequate and

other necessary management practices have been

applied.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited
Jackson County, Tennessee 39

Trees suitable for planting: Yellow poplar, black walnut,

white oak, southern red oak, hickory, eastern

white pine, loblolly pine

Management considerations:

• The main consideration affecting management of

timber is the hazard of soil rutting.

• See table 8a for additional information concerning

forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Few limitations affect residential or commercial use.

HoC2—Holston loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Rolling, old stream terraces along

the Cumberland River and its major tributaries

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 25 to 75 acres

Major land use: Hay or cropland

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 4 inches; brown loam

Subsurface layer:

4 to 9 inches; brown clay loam with brownish mottles

Subsoil:

9 to 17 inches; strong brown clay loam

17 to 37 inches; strong brown clay loam with brownish

mottles

37 to 80 inches; strong brown clay loam with brownish

and yellowish mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid,

except where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• Intermingled areas of Armour and Sykes soils in the

lower positions on stream terraces

• Small areas of moderately well drained Swafford

soils in small depressions and on flats on stream

terraces

• Mimosa soils along the edge of footslopes

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Accelerated erosion can remove valuable topsoil

and adversely affect rooting depth.

• Conservation measures, such as no-till planting and

contour stripcropping, help to control erosion and

reduce the runoff rate.

• Tilth can be improved or maintained by applying a

cropping sequence that includes grasses, legumes, or

a mixture of grasses and legumes; using proper crop

rotations; minimizing tillage; and planting cover crops.

Capability subclass: 3e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the slope, additional erosion is a hazard

if plants are overgrazed or if the plant stand is in poor

condition.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

• Alfalfa grows well and produces good yields in areas

where lime and fertilizer applications are adequate and

other necessary management practices have been

applied.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: Yellow poplar, black walnut,

white oak, southern red oak, hickory, eastern

white pine, loblolly pine

Management considerations:

• The main considerations for management of timber

are the hazard of soil rutting and the hazard of erosion

on roads and trails.

• See tables 8a and 8b for additional information

concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The slope is a limitation on sites for dwellings, small

commercial buildings, local roads and streets, and

septic tank absorption fields.

• Construction costs and proper design are major

considerations if sites for dwellings and small

commercial buildings are excavated or filled, and they

should be considered during the initial planning

process.

• Building local roads and streets on the contour and

in the less sloping areas reduces the amount of cut

and fill needed.
40 Soil Survey

HoD2—Holston loam, 12 to 20 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Hilly stream terraces along the

Cumberland River and its major tributaries

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 25 to 75 acres

Major land use: Pasture or hay

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 4 inches; brown loam

Subsurface layer:

4 to 9 inches; brown clay loam with brownish

mottles

Subsoil:

9 to 17 inches; strong brown clay loam

17 to 37 inches; strong brown clay loam with

brownish mottles

37 to 80 inches; strong brown clay loam with

brownish and yellowish mottles

 Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid,

except where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• Small areas of Mimosa soils along the edge of

footslopes

• Intermingled areas of severely eroded soils that

have a surface layer of clay loam

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• This soil should not be used continuously as

cropland because of the slope and the high erosion

potential.

• Contour farming and a crop rotation system in which

a vegetative cover is maintained for several seasons

following cultivation help to control erosion.

• Conservation measures, such as no-till planting and

contour stripcropping, help to control erosion and

reduce the runoff rate.

Capability subclass: 4e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the slope, additional erosion is a hazard

if plants are overgrazed or if the plant stand is in poor

condition.

• Pastures should be renovated when the amount of

better forage plants in stands has decreased to less

than needed for optimum production.

• Adjusting stocking rates, especially in areas on the

steeper slopes, helps to prevent overgrazing and

control erosion.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Trees suitable for planting: Eastern white pine, yellow

poplar, black walnut, white oak, hickory, white ash,

southern red oak

Management considerations:

• The main considerations in managing for timber are

the suitability for log landings, the hazard of soil

rutting, the hazard of erosion on roads and trails, the

suitability for roads, and the suitability for mechanical

site preparation.

• See tables 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d for additional

information concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The slope is a limitation on sites for dwellings, small

commercial buildings, local roads and streets, and

septic tank absorption fields.

• Construction costs and proper design are major

considerations if sites for dwellings and small

commercial buildings are excavated or filled, and they

should be considered during the planning process.

• Building roads and streets in the less sloping areas

reduces the amount of cut and fill needed.

• Adding coarser textured base material helps to

prevent the damage to local roads and streets caused

by low strength.

HoD3—Holston loam, 12 to 20 percent

slopes, severely eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Hilly stream terraces along the

Cumberland River and its major tributaries

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 5 to 90 acres
Jackson County, Tennessee 41

Major land use: Pasture or woodland

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 4 inches; brown loam with brownish mottles

Subsoil:

4 to 27 inches; strong brown clay loam

27 to 45 inches; strong brown clay loam with brownish

mottles

45 to 80 inches; strong brown clay loam with brownish

and yellowish mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High or moderate

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid or strongly acid,

except where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• Small areas of Mimosa and Sykes soils along the

edge of footslopes

• A few intermingled areas of shallow rills and gullies

and soils that have a surface layer of clay loam

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• This soil is not suited to row crops because of the

slope and the high erosion potential.

• Other areas should be considered.

Capability subclass: 6e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the slope, additional erosion is a hazard

if plants are overgrazed or if the plant stand is in poor

condition.

• Pastures should be renovated when the amount of

better forage plants in stands has decreased to less

than needed for optimum production.

• Adjusting stocking rates, especially in areas on the

steeper slopes, helps to prevent overgrazing and

control erosion.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Trees suitable for planting: Eastern white pine, yellow

poplar, black walnut, white oak, hickory, white ash,

southern red oak

Management considerations:

• The main considerations in managing for timber are

the suitability for log landings, the hazard of soil

rutting, the hazard of erosion on roads and trails, the

suitability for roads, and the suitability for mechanical

site preparation.

• See tables 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d for additional

information concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The slope is a limitation on sites for dwellings, small

commercial buildings, local roads and streets, and

septic tank absorption fields.

• Construction costs and proper design are major

considerations if sites for dwellings and small

commercial buildings are excavated or filled, and they

should be considered during the planning process.

• Building roads and streets in the less sloping areas

reduces the amount of cut and fill needed.

• Adding coarser textured base material helps to

prevent the damage to local roads and streets caused

by low strength.

HuB—Humphreys gravelly silt loam, 2 to

5 percent slopes

Setting

Landscape position: Footslopes and stream terraces

Shape of areas: Pear-shaped

Size of areas: 5 to 20 acres

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or woodland

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches; dark yellowish brown gravelly silt loam

with brownish mottles

Subsoil:

5 to 17 inches; brown gravelly silty clay loam

17 to 55 inches; dark yellowish brown gravelly silty

clay loam

Substratum:

55 to 80 inches; yellowish brown very gravelly silty clay

loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Moderate
42 Soil Survey

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid,

except where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Depth to water table: 5 to 6 feet in winter and early

spring

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• Small areas of moderately well drained Swafford

soils on the lower parts of stream terraces

• Small, narrow strips of Arrington and Skidmore soils

adjacent to stream channels

• Intermingled areas of Armour and Sykes soils

Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Applying a conservation tillage system helps to

prevent damage from erosion.

• Coarse fragments on or near the surface of the soil

can hinder tillage and limit the amount of moisture

available to plants in dry years.

• No-till planting, contour farming, stripcropping, and

growing cover crops help to conserve soil moisture

and control erosion.

• Tilth can be maintained or improved by applying

a cropping sequence that includes grasses, legumes,

or a mixture of grasses and legumes; using

proper crop rotations; and returning crop residue

to the soil.

Capability subclass: 2e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• In dry years the low available water capacity can

reduce yields of moisture-sensitive hay crops, such as

alfalfa.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

• Alfalfa grows well and produces good yields when

moisture is adequate and necessary management

measures, such as the addition of lime and fertilizer,

have been applied.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: Yellow poplar, black walnut,

white oak, white ash, hickory, sweetgum, loblolly

pine

Management considerations:

• The main consideration affecting management of

timber is the hazard of soil rutting.

• See table 8a for additional information concerning

forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• The wetness caused by seepage from the higher

areas may be a limitation on sites for dwellings and

small commercial buildings if the structures are built

on footslopes.

• Installing a subsurface tile drainage system helps to

divert water away from sites for septic tank absorption

fields and structures.

HuC—Humphreys gravelly silt loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes

Setting

Landscape position: Footslopes and stream terraces

Shape of areas: Long and irregular

Size of areas: 5 to 25 acres

Major land use: Woodland, hay, or pasture

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches; dark yellowish brown gravelly silt loam

with brownish mottles

Subsoil:

5 to 17 inches; brown gravelly silty clay loam

17 to 55 inches; dark yellowish brown gravelly silty

clay loam

Substratum:

55 to 80 inches; yellowish brown very gravelly silty clay

loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Moderate

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid,

except where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Depth to water table: 5 to 6 feet in winter and early

spring

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• Small, narrow strips of Arrington and Skidmore soils

adjacent to stream channels

• Intermingled areas of Armour and Sykes soils

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited
Jackson County, Tennessee 43

Management considerations:

• Accelerated erosion can remove valuable topsoil and

adversely affect rooting depth.

• Coarse fragments on or near the surface of the soil

can hinder tillage and limit the amount of moisture

available to plants in dry years (fig. 6).

• No-till planting, contour farming, stripcropping, and

growing cover crops help to conserve soil moisture

and control erosion.

• Tilth can be improved or maintained by applying a

cropping sequence that includes grasses, legumes,

or a mixture of grasses and legumes; using proper

crop rotations; and returning crop residue to the

soil.

Capability subclass: 3e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the slope, additional erosion is a hazard

if plants are overgrazed or if the plant stand is in poor

condition.

Figure 6.—Tobacco growing in an area of Humphreys gravelly silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes. The coarse fragments on and near

the surface of the soil following cultivation can hinder tobacco operations and growth of the crop.
44 Soil Survey

• In dry years the low available water capacity can

reduce yields of moisture-sensitive hay crops, such as

alfalfa.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

• Alfalfa grows well and produces good yields when

moisture is adequate and necessary management

measures, such as the addition of lime and fertilizer,

have been applied.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: Yellow poplar, black walnut,

white oak, white ash, hickory, sweetgum, loblolly

pine

Management considerations:

• The main considerations for managing timber are

the hazard of soil rutting and the hazard of erosion on

roads and trails.

• See tables 8a and 8b for additional information

concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The slope is the major limitation on sites for small

commercial buildings.

• The slope and the seasonal wetness caused

by seepage from higher areas are limitations on

sites for septic tank absorption fields, dwellings,

and commercial buildings if the sites are on

footslopes.

• The slope is a management concern on sites for

local roads and streets.

• Construction costs and proper design are

major considerations if sites for dwellings and

small commercial buildings are excavated or

filled.

• Installing a subsurface tile drainage system

helps to divert water away from sites for septic

tank absorption fields and structures.

• Building roads and streets in the less sloping

areas reduces the amount of cut and fill needed.

Ld—Lindside silt loam, occasionally

flooded

Setting

Landscape position: Flood plains

Shape of areas: Long and narrow

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Major land use: Cropland

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 12 inches; brown silt loam

Subsoil:

12 to 26 inches; dark yellowish brown silty clay loam

with brownish and grayish mottles

26 to 39 inches; brown silty clay loam with brownish

and grayish mottles

39 to 65 inches; dark yellowish brown silty clay loam

with brownish and grayish mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Soil reaction: Slightly acid or neutral

Flooding: Occasional; very brief periods in winter and

early spring

High water table: Within 1.6 to 2.5 feet of the surface in

winter and early spring

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• Small areas of Skidmore and Staser soils along

natural stream levees

• Poorly drained Minter soils in depressions and in

narrow strips adjacent to steep upland side slopes

• Armour soils on low stream terraces

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Most locally adapted crops can be grown and can

produce good yields.

• Small grain crops produce good yields, but they can

be damaged by the occasional flooding.

• The flooding, which occurs in winter and early

spring, is not a limitation affecting management.

Capability subclass: 2w

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the flooding, only hay and pasture plants

that can tolerate short periods of wetness should be

selected for planting. These plants include fescue and

white clover.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited
Jackson County, Tennessee 45

Trees suitable for planting: Yellow poplar, black walnut,

white oak, southern red oak, hickory, eastern

white pine, loblolly pine

Management considerations:

• The main consideration affecting management of

timber is the hazard of soil rutting.

• See table 8a for additional information concerning

forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Poorly suited to most of these uses

Management considerations:

• This soil is poorly suited to most residential and

commercial uses because of the flooding and the

wetness.

• Constructing dwellings, commercial structures,

roads, and streets above the expected flood level

helps to prevent the damage caused by flooding.

MmB2—Mimosa silty clay loam, 2 to

5 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Undulating footslopes

Shape of areas: Irregular or oval

Size of areas: 25 to 75 acres

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or cropland

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches; dark brown silty clay loam

Subsoil:

5 to 9 inches; brown silty clay loam with brownish

mottles

9 to 31 inches; yellowish brown clay

31 to 42 inches; yellowish brown clay with brownish

mottles

42 inches; limestone bedrock

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Slow or very slow

Available water capacity: Moderate

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to very strongly acid,

except where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: 40 to 60 inches

Inclusions

• Small, severely eroded areas that have a surface

layer of clay

• Small, intermingled areas of Gladdice and Barfield

soils on footslopes

• Small, concave areas of soils that are more than

5 feet deep over hard bedrock

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Accelerated erosion can remove valuable topsoil

and adversely affect rooting depth.

• Conservation measures, such as no-till planting and

contour stripcropping, help to control erosion and

reduce the runoff rate.

• Tilth can be improved or maintained and soil

moisture can be conserved by applying a cropping

sequence that includes grasses, legumes, or a mixture

of grasses and legumes; using proper crop rotations;

minimizing tillage; and planting cover crops.

Capability subclass: 3e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the slope, additional erosion is a hazard

if plants are overgrazed or if the plant stand is in poor

condition.

• Hay yields may be reduced in dry years because of

the limited available water capacity.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: Eastern white pine, yellow

poplar, black walnut, white oak, hickory, white ash,

southern red oak

Management considerations:

• The main consideration affecting management of

timber is the hazard of soil rutting.

• See table 8a for additional information concerning

forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• Shrink-swell potential is a limitation on sites for

dwellings and small commercial buildings.

• The shrink-swell potential and the depth to rock are

limitations on sites for dwellings with basements.

• Low strength is a limitation on sites for local roads

and streets.

• The restricted permeability in the subsoil is a

major limitation on sites for septic tank absorption

fields.

• Backfilling deep cuts with material that has low

shrink-swell potential and diverting runoff away from
46 Soil Survey

buildings help to prevent structural damage to

dwellings.

• Adding coarser textured base material helps to

prevent the damage to local roads and streets caused

by low strength.

MmC2—Mimosa silty clay loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Rolling footslopes

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 25 to 75 acres

Major land use: Hay or pasture

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches; dark brown silty clay loam

Subsoil:

5 to 9 inches; brown silty clay loam with brownish

mottles

9 to 31 inches; yellowish brown clay

31 to 42 inches; yellowish brown clay with brownish

mottles

42 inches; limestone bedrock

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Slow or very slow

Available water capacity: Moderate

Soil reaction: Slightly acid to very strongly acid, except

where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: 40 to 60 inches

Inclusions

• Small, severely eroded areas that have a surface

layer of clay

• Small, intermingled areas of Gladdice and Barfield

soils on footslopes

• Small, concave areas of soils that are more than

5 feet deep over hard bedrock

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• This soil should not be used continuously as

cropland because of the slope and the high erosion

potential.

• Contour farming and a crop rotation system

in which a vegetative cover is maintained for

several seasons following cultivation help to

control erosion.

• Conservation measures, such as no-till planting

and contour stripcropping, help to control erosion

and reduce the runoff rate.

Capability subclass: 4e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the slope, additional erosion is a hazard

if plants are overgrazed or if the plant stand is in poor

condition.

• Pastures should be renovated when the amount of

better forage plants in stands has decreased to less

than needed for optimum production.

• Adjusting stocking rates, especially in areas on the

steeper slopes, helps to prevent overgrazing and

control erosion.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited

Trees suitable for planting: Eastern white pine, yellow

poplar, black walnut, white oak, hickory, white ash,

southern red oak

Management considerations:

• The main considerations in managing for timber are

the hazard of soil rutting and the hazard of erosion on

roads and trails.

• See tables 8a and 8b for additional information

concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• A shrink-swell potential and the slope are limitations

on sites for small commercial buildings.

• The shrink-swell potential, the slope, and the depth

to rock are limitations on sites for dwellings with

basements.

• Low strength is a limitation on sites for local roads

and streets.

• The restricted permeability in the subsoil and the

slope are major limitations on sites for septic tank

absorption fields.

• Backfilling deep cuts with material that has low

shrink-swell potential and diverting runoff away from

buildings help to prevent structural damage to

dwellings.
Jackson County, Tennessee 47

• Adding coarser textured base material helps to

prevent the damage to local roads and streets caused

by low strength.

• Building roads and streets in the less sloping areas

reduces the amount of cut and fill needed.

MmD2—Mimosa silty clay loam, 12 to

20 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Hillsides

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 5 to 45 acres

Major land use: Woodland or pasture

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches; dark brown silty clay loam

Subsoil:

5 to 9 inches; brown silty clay loam with brownish

mottles

9 to 31 inches; yellowish brown clay

31 to 42 inches; yellowish brown clay with brownish

mottles

42 inches; limestone bedrock

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Slow or very slow

Available water capacity: Moderate

Soil reaction: Slightly acid to very strongly acid, except

where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: 40 to 60 inches

Inclusions

• Small, severely eroded areas that have a surface

layer of clay

• Dellrose and Sykes soils on the lower footslopes

• Small, concave areas of soils that are more than

5 feet deep to hard bedrock

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The slope, the depth to bedrock, the hazard of

erosion, the limited available water capacity, and the

texture of the surface layer and subsoil are limitations

affecting management and production.

• Other areas should be considered.

Capability subclass: 6e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the slope, additional erosion is a hazard

if plants are overgrazed or if the plant stand is in poor

condition.

• Pastures should be renovated when the amount of

better forage plants in stands has decreased to less

than needed for optimum production.

• Adjusting stocking rates, especially in areas on the

steeper slopes, helps to prevent overgrazing and

control erosion.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

Woodland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Trees suitable for planting: Eastern white pine, yellow

poplar, black walnut, white oak, hickory, white ash,

southern red oak

Management considerations:

• The main considerations in managing for timber are

the suitability for log landings, the hazard of soil

rutting, the hazard of erosion on roads and trails, and

the suitability for roads.

• See tables 8a and 8b for additional information

concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• A shrink-swell potential and the slope are

limitations on sites for dwellings and small

commercial buildings.

• The shrink-swell potential, the slope, and the

depth to rock are limitations on sites for dwellings

with basements.

• Low strength is a limitation on sites for local roads

and streets.

• The restricted permeability in the subsoil and the

slope are major limitations on sites for septic tank

absorption fields.

• Backfilling deep cuts with material that has low

shrink-swell potential and diverting runoff away from

buildings help to prevent structural damage to

dwellings.

• Adding coarser textured base material helps to

prevent the damage to local roads and streets caused

by low strength.

• Building roads and streets in the less sloping areas

reduces the amount of cut and fill needed.
48 Soil Survey

Mn—Minter silt loam, occasionally

flooded

Setting

Landscape position: Flood plains

Shape of areas: Long and narrow

Size of areas: 5 to 100 acres

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Major land use: Woodland and wetland wildlife

habitat

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown silt loam

Subsoil:

7 to 16 inches; gray silty clay loam

16 to 22 inches; gray silty clay

22 to 29 inches; gray silty clay with brown mottles

29 to 68 inches; gray silty clay loam with brown

mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Poorly drained

Permeability: Very slow

Available water capacity: High

Soil reaction: Strongly acid or moderately acid in the

upper part of the subsoil; strongly acid to neutral in

the lower part

Flooding: Occasional; long periods in winter and early

spring

High water table: Within 0.5 to 1.0 foot of the surface in

winter and spring

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• Small areas of moderately well drained Lindside

soils in the slightly higher positions

• Small, narrow strips of the well drained Staser and

Arrington soils

• Small areas of moderately well drained Swafford

soils on stream terraces

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• The seasonal wetness and the flooding limit the

production and harvest of row crops.

• Other areas should be considered.

Capability subclass: 4w

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• This soil is poorly suited to pasture and hay because

of the flooding and the seasonal wetness.

• In some fringe areas of the unit where flooding is

less severe, water-tolerant plants, such as tall fescue

and white clover, may be grown for pasture.

• Grazing should be limited to dry months in late

summer and early fall when the soil is least

susceptible to compaction.

Woodland

Suitability: Suited only to water-tolerant trees; poorly

suited to most forestry operations; excellent

habitat for wetland wildlife

Trees suitable for planting: American sycamore, Nuttall

oak, sweetgum, willow oak, cherrybark oak,

swamp white oak, green ash, pin oak

Management considerations:

• The main considerations in managing for timber are

the limitations affecting the construction of haul roads

and log landings, the suitability for log landings, the

hazard of soil rutting, the suitability for roads, the

suitability for hand planting, the suitability for

mechanical planting, the suitability for use of

harvesting equipment, and the suitability for

mechanical site preparation.

• See tables 8a-8d for additional information

concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Unsuited

Management considerations:

• This soil is unsuited to all residential and commercial

uses because of the flooding and the seasonal

wetness.

MtB2—Mountview silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Undulating ridgetops, in the

southeastern part of the county

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 5 to 30 acres

Major land use: Cropland or hay

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches; brown silt loam

Subsurface layer:

2 to 8 inches; yellowish brown silt loam with brownish

mottles

Subsoil:

8 to 18 inches; yellowish brown silty clay loam
Jackson County, Tennessee 49

18 to 39 inches; strong brown silty clay loam with

reddish and grayish mottles

39 to 80 inches; red silty clay with yellowish and

brownish mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained and moderately well

drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Soil reaction: Strongly acid or very strongly acid,

except where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 2.1 feet in winter and

early spring (perched)

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• Small areas of Dickson soils in saddles and slight

depressions.

• Sengtown and Christian soils in sloping areas

adjacent to the steeper side slopes

• Small areas of Sugargrove soils on shoulder slopes

in the southeastern part of the county

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Most locally adapted crops can be grown and can

produce good yields.

• Applying a conservation tillage system helps to

prevent damage from erosion.

• No-till planting, contour farming, and stripcropping

help to control erosion and maintain productivity.

Capability subclass: 2e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• No significant limitations affect forage production if

erosion is controlled.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

• Alfalfa grows well and produces good yields in areas

where lime and fertilizer applications are adequate and

other necessary management practices have been

applied.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: Yellow poplar, white

oak, southern red oak, hickory, eastern white

pine

Management considerations:

• The main considerations for management of timber

are the hazard of soil rutting and the suitability for

mechanical preparation.

• See tables 8a and 8d for additional information

concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Low strength is the major limitation on sites for local

roads and streets.

• The restricted permeability in the lower part of the

subsoil is a limitation on sites for septic tank

absorption fields.

• A shrink-swell potential in the lower part of the

subsoil is a limitation on sites for dwellings with

basements.

• Adding coarser textured base material helps to

prevent the damage to local roads and streets caused

by low strength.

• Increasing the size of septic tank absorption fields

helps to compensate for the restricted permeability.

• Backfilling deep cuts with material that has low

shrink-swell potential and diverting runoff away from

buildings help to prevent structural damage to

dwellings.

MtC2—Mountview silt loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Rolling ridgetops

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 5 to 150 acres

Major land use: Hay or pasture

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 2 inches; brown silt loam

Subsurface layer:

2 to 8 inches; yellowish brown silt loam with brownish

mottles

Subsoil:

8 to 18 inches; yellowish brown silty clay loam

18 to 39 inches; strong brown silty clay loam with

reddish and grayish mottles

39 to 80 inches; red silty clay with yellowish and

brownish mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained or moderately well

drained

Permeability: Moderate
50 Soil Survey

Available water capacity: High

Soil reaction: Strongly acid or very strongly acid,

except where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: 1.5 to 2.1 feet in winter and

early spring (perched)

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• Small areas of Dickson soils in saddles and slight

depressions.

• Christian soils in sloping areas adjacent to the

steeper side slopes

• Small areas of Sugargrove soils on shoulder slopes,

in the southeastern part of the county

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Accelerated erosion can remove valuable topsoil

and adversely affect rooting depth.

• Conservation measures, such as no-till planting and

contour stripcropping, help to control erosion and

reduce the runoff rate.

• Tilth can be improved or maintained by applying a

cropping sequence that includes grasses, legumes, or

a mixture of grasses and legumes; using proper crop

rotations; minimizing tillage; and planting cover crops.

Capability subclass: 3e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the slope, additional erosion is a hazard

if plants are overgrazed or if the plant stand is in poor

condition.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

• Alfalfa grows well and produces good yields in areas

where lime and fertilizer applications are adequate and

other necessary management practices have been

applied.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: Yellow poplar, white oak,

southern red oak, hickory, eastern white pine

Management considerations:

• The main considerations for management of timber

are the hazard of soil rutting, the hazard of erosion on

roads and trails, and the suitability for mechanical site

preparation.

• See tables 8a and 8c for additional information

concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The slope is the major limitation on sites for small

commercial buildings.

• Low strength is the major limitation on sites for local

roads and streets.

• The slope and the restricted permeability in the

lower part of the subsoil are limitations on sites for

septic tank absorption fields.

• The slope and a shrink-swell potential in the lower

part of the subsoil are limitations on sites for dwellings.

• Construction costs and proper design are major

considerations if sites for dwellings and small

commercial buildings are excavated or filled.

• Building roads and streets in the less sloping areas

reduces the amount of cut and fill needed.

• Adding coarser textured base material helps to

prevent the damage to local roads and streets caused

by low strength.

• Increasing the size of septic tank absorption fields

and installing distribution lines on the contour help to

compensate for slope and the restricted permeability.

• Backfilling deep cuts with material that has low

shrink-swell potential and diverting runoff away from

buildings help to prevent structural damage to

dwellings.

Oc—Ocana gravelly silt loam,

occasionally flooded

Setting

Landscape position: Flood plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Shape of areas: Long and narrow

Size of areas: 10 to 50 acres

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or, in a few areas,

cropland

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches; brown gravelly silt loam

Subsoil:

7 to 17 inches; brown gravelly silt loam

17 to 36 inches; dark yellowish brown gravelly

loam

36 to 48 inches; dark yellowish brown gravelly clay

loam

Substratum:

48 to 65 inches; brown very gravelly loam
Jackson County, Tennessee 51

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid

Available water capacity: Moderate

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral

Flooding: Occasional; very brief periods in winter and

spring

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: More than 40 inches

Inclusions

• Moderately well drained Lindside soils in narrow

strips below steep hillsides

• Intermingled areas of Skidmore soils at the mouth of

creeks

• Small areas of sandy soils along creek channels and

where streams intersect

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The rock fragments in the surface layer and subsoil

can hinder tillage.

• Small grain and early season annuals can be

damaged by the flooding.

• Planting crops later in the season will lessen the risk

of damage by flooding.

• Planting small grain in the higher areas not subject

to flooding is recommended.

• Planting cover crops and no-till farming help to

conserve soil moisture and retain nutrients.

Capability subclass: 2w

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The short periods of flooding can result in damage

to forage plants.

• Grasses and legumes that can tolerate short periods

of wetness should be selected for planting. They

include tall fescue and ladino clover.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: Black walnut, white ash,

yellow poplar, American sycamore, sweetgum,

cherrybark oak

Management considerations:

• The main consideration affecting management of

timber is the hazard of soil rutting.

• See table 8a for additional information concerning

forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• This soil is poorly suited to all residential and

commercial uses because of the flooding.

• Constructing dwellings, commercial structures,

roads, and streets above the expected flood level

helps to prevent the damage caused by flooding.

Sk—Skidmore gravelly loam, occasionally

flooded

Setting

Landscape position: Flood plains

Slope: 0 to 3 percent

Shape of areas: Long and narrow

Size of areas: 10 to 50 acres

Major land use: Hay, pasture, or, in a few areas,

cropland

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 10 inches; brown gravelly loam

Subsoil:

10 to 19 inches; brown very gravelly coarse sandy

loam

19 to 24 inches; brown very gravelly clay loam

Substratum:

24 to 32 inches; brown extremely gravelly clay loam

32 to 48 inches; brown extremely gravelly coarse

sandy loam

48 to 65 inches; dark yellowish brown extremely

gravelly coarse sandy loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid or rapid

Available water capacity: Low

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral

Flooding: Occasional; very brief periods in winter and

spring

Depth to water table: 3 to 4 feet in winter and early

spring

Depth to bedrock: More than 40 inches

Inclusions

• Moderately well drained Lindside soils in narrow

strips below steep side slopes

• Intermingled areas of Arrington and Armour soils

• Humphreys soils on the slightly higher knolls
52 Soil Survey

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The large volume of fragments in the surface layer

and subsoil can hinder tillage.

• Droughtiness and nutrient leaching are major

limitations affecting crop production.

• Small grain and early season annuals can be

damaged by the occasional flooding.

• Planting crops later in the season will lessen the risk

of damage by flooding.

• Small grain should be planted in the higher areas not

subject to flooding.

• Planting cover crops and no-till farming help to

conserve soil moisture and retain nutrients.

• Applications of lime and fertilizer are needed to help

maintain productivity.

Capability subclass: 3s

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The droughtiness and low fertility are concerns for

hay and pasture management.

• The short periods of flooding can result in damage

to forage plants.

• Pastures should be renovated when the amount of

better forage plants in stands has decreased to less

than needed for optimum production.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

Woodland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Trees suitable for planting: Black walnut, white ash,

yellow poplar, American sycamore, sweetgum,

cherrybark oak

Management considerations:

• The main considerations in managing for timber are

the limitations affecting the construction of haul roads

and log landings, the suitability for log landings, the

suitability for roads, and the suitability for mechanical

site preparation.

• See tables 8a, 8b, 8c, and 8d for additional

information concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• This soil is poorly suited to all residential and

commercial uses because of the flooding.

• Constructing dwellings, commercial structures,

roads, and streets above the expected flood

level helps to prevent the damage caused by

flooding.

St—Staser loam, occasionally flooded

Setting

Landscape position: Flood plains

Shape of areas: Long and narrow

Size of areas: 5 to 100 acres

Slope: 0 to 2 percent

Major land use: Cropland or hay

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 7 inches; brown loam

Subsurface layer:

7 to 32 inches; dark brown loam

Subsoil:

32 to 41 inches; dark brown loam

41 to 51 inches; dark yellowish brown loam

51 to 80 inches; dark yellowish brown fine sandy loam

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate

Available water capacity: High

Soil reaction: Moderately acid to neutral

Flooding: Occasional; very brief periods in winter and

early spring

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• Small areas of Skidmore soils along natural stream

levees

• Poorly drained Minter soils and moderately well

drained Lindside soils in depressions and in narrow

strips adjacent to steep upland hillsides

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• In most years, locally adapted crops can be grown

and can produce good yields.

• Small grain crops produce good yields, but they can

be damaged by the occasional flooding.

• The flooding, which occurs in winter and early

spring, is not a limitation affecting the production of

most crops.

Capability subclass: 2w

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited
Jackson County, Tennessee 53

Management considerations:

• Because of the flooding, only hay and pasture plants

that can tolerate short periods of wetness should be

selected for planting. These plants include fescue and

white clover.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: Yellow poplar, black walnut,

white oak, southern red oak, hickory, eastern

white pine, loblolly pine

Management considerations:

• The main consideration affecting management of

timber is the hazard of soil rutting.

• See table 8a for additional information concerning

forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Poorly suited to most of these uses

Management considerations:

• This soil is poorly suited to most residential and

commercial uses because of the flooding.

• Constructing dwellings, commercial structures,

roads, and streets above the expected flood level

helps to prevent the damage caused by flooding.

SuC2—Sugargrove gravelly silt loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Rolling ridgetops

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 5 to 35 acres

Major land use: Pasture or hay

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches; brown gravelly silt loam with brownish

mottles

Subsurface layer:

3 to 12 inches; yellowish brown gravelly silt loam with

yellowish mottles

Subsoil:

12 to 51 inches; brownish yellow gravelly silty clay

loam

Substratum:

51 to 65 inches; alternating strata of highly fractured

siltstone, chert bands, and silty clay loam soil

material

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid or moderate

Available water capacity: Moderate

Soil reaction: Strongly acid or very strongly acid,

except where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 60 inches

Inclusions

• Small, intermingled areas of well drained Christian

soils on convex knolls

• Somewhat excessively drained Hawthorne soils on

shoulder slopes

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Accelerated erosion can remove valuable topsoil

and adversely affect rooting depth.

• Coarse fragments on or near the surface of the soil

can hinder tillage and limit the amount of moisture

available to plants in dry years.

• Most of the cropland is on narrow, winding ridges in

remote areas.

• No-till planting, contour farming, stripcropping, and

growing cover crops help to conserve soil moisture

and control erosion.

• Tilth can be improved or maintained by applying a

cropping sequence that includes grasses, legumes, or

a mixture of grasses and legumes; using proper crop

rotations; and returning crop residue to the soil.

Capability subclass: 3e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the slope, additional erosion is a hazard

if plants are overgrazed or if the plant stand is in poor

condition.

• In dry years low available water can reduce hay

yields.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: Yellow poplar, black walnut,

white oak, white ash, hickory, sweetgum, loblolly

pine

Management considerations:

• The main considerations for managing timber are

the hazard of soil rutting and the hazard of erosion on

roads and trails.
54 Soil Survey

• See tables 8a and 8b for additional information

concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The slope and the depth to rock are limitations

on sites for septic tank absorption fields.

• The slope and the depth to rock are limitations

on sites for small commercial buildings and

dwellings.

• The slope is a concern on sites for local roads

and streets.

• Construction costs and proper design are major

considerations if sites for dwellings and small

commercial buildings are excavated or filled.

• Building roads and streets in the less sloping areas

reduces the amount of cut and fill needed.

SuD2—Sugargrove gravelly silt loam, 12

to 20 percent slopes, eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Hillsides

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 25 to 75 acres

Major land use: Pasture or woodland

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 3 inches; brown gravelly silt loam with brownish

mottles

Subsurface layer:

3 to 12 inches; yellowish brown gravelly silt loam with

yellowish mottles

Subsoil:

12 to 51 inches; brownish yellow gravelly silty clay

loam

Substratum:

51 to 65 inches; alternating strata of highly fractured

siltstone, chert bands, and silty clay loam soil

material.

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderately rapid or moderate

Available water capacity: Moderate

Soil reaction: Strongly acid or very strongly acid,

except where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to soft bedrock: 20 to 60 inches

Inclusions

• Small, intermingled areas of well drained Christian

soils on convex knolls

• Somewhat excessively drained Hawthorne soils on

shoulder slopes

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• This soil should not be used continuously as

cropland because of the slope and the severe

erosion hazard.

• Contour farming and a crop rotation system in

which a vegetative cover is maintained for several

seasons following cultivation help to control

erosion.

• Conservation measures, such as no-till planting

and contour stripcropping, help to control erosion

and reduce the runoff rate.

Capability subclass: 4e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Pastures should be renovated when the amount of

better forage plants in stands has decreased to less

than needed for optimum production.

• Adjusting stocking rates, especially in areas on the

steeper slopes, helps to prevent overgrazing and

control erosion.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

Woodland

Suitability: Poorly suited

Trees suitable for planting: Yellow poplar, black walnut,

white oak, white ash, hickory, sweetgum, loblolly

pine

Management considerations:

• The main considerations in managing for timber are

the suitability for log landings, the hazard of soil

rutting, the hazard of erosion on roads and trails, and

the suitability for roads.

• See tables 8a and 8b for additional information

concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The slope and the depth to rock are limitations

affecting most residential and commercial uses.

• Other sites should be considered.
Jackson County, Tennessee 55

SwB—Swafford loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes

Setting

Landscape position: Broad, undulating terraces along

the Cumberland River

Shape of areas: Rectangular

Size of areas: 5 to 80 acres

Major land use: Cropland or hay

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches; yellowish brown loam

Subsoil:

9 to 25 inches; yellowish brown clay loam with

brownish and reddish mottles

25 to 35 inches; brownish yellow clay loam with

brownish and grayish mottles

35 to 55 inches; brownish yellow clay loam with

grayish mottles

55 to 70 inches; light yellowish brown clay loam with

brownish, reddish, and grayish mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: High

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid,

except where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Depth to water table: 1.8 to 2.4 feet in winter and early

spring (perched)

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• A few intermingled areas of well drained Armour and

Holston soils

• Small areas of well drained Arrington and Staser

soils in low landscape positions

• A few small areas of a somewhat poorly drained soil

at the base of side slopes

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Most climatically adapted crops grow well if

management measures are applied to help control

erosion.

• The wetness in winter and early spring can restrict

rooting depth and plant germination.

• Cover crops, crop rotations, crop residue

management, and a conservation tillage system help

to control erosion and conserve soil moisture.

• Planting crops later in the spring will improve plant

germination and early growth.

Capability subclass: 2e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the seasonal wetness, only hay and

pasture plants that can tolerate short periods of

wetness should be selected for planting. These plants

include fescue and white clover.

• The perched water table limits grazing for several

days at a time in winter and early spring.

• Grazing should be deferred until late spring and then

discontinued in early fall.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: White oak, southern red

0ak, yellow poplar, eastern white pine, loblolly pine

Management considerations:

• The main consideration affecting management of

timber is the hazard of soil rutting.

• See table 8a for additional information concerning

forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The perched water table and the restricted

permeability in the subsoil are major limitations on

sites for septic tank absorption fields.

• The seasonal wetness is a limitation on sites for

dwellings and commercial buildings.

• Low strength and the wetness are major limitations

on sites for local roads and streets.

• A subsurface drainage system helps to lower the

water table on sites for septic tank absorption fields,

dwellings, and commercial buildings.

• Adding coarser textured base material helps to

prevent the damage to local roads and streets caused

by low strength.

SwC—Swafford loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes

Setting

Landscape position: Rolling stream terraces along the

Cumberland River

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 25 to 75 acres

Major land use: Cropland or hay
56 Soil Survey

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 9 inches; yellowish brown loam

Subsoil:

9 to 25 inches; yellowish brown clay loam with

brownish and reddish mottles

25 to 35 inches; brownish yellow clay loam with

brownish and grayish mottles

35 to 55 inches; brownish yellow clay loam with

grayish mottles

55 to 70 inches; light yellowish brown clay loam with

brownish, reddish, and grayish mottles

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Moderately well drained

Permeability: Moderately slow

Available water capacity: High

Soil reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid,

except where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Depth to water table: 1.8 to 2.4 feet in winter and early

spring (perched)

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• A few intermingled areas of well drained Armour and

Holston soils

• Small areas of well drained Arrington and Staser

soils in low landscape positions

• A few small areas of a somewhat poorly drained soil

at the base of side slopes

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Accelerated erosion can remove valuable topsoil

and adversely affect rooting depth.

• The wetness in winter and early spring can restrict

rooting depth and plant germination.

• Conservation measures, such as no-till planting and

contour stripcropping, help to control erosion and

reduce the runoff rate.

• Planting crops later in the spring will improve plant

germination and early growth.

Capability subclass: 3e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the seasonal wetness, only hay and

pasture plants that can tolerate short periods of

wetness should be selected for planting. These plants

include fescue and white clover.

• A perched water table limits grazing for several days

at a time in winter and early spring.

• Grazing should be deferred until late spring and then

discontinued in early fall.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: White oak, southern red

oak, yellow poplar, eastern white pine

Management considerations:

• The main considerations for managing timber are

the hazard of soil rutting and the hazard of erosion on

roads and trails.

• See tables 8a and 8b for additional information

concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Poorly suited

Management considerations:

• The perched water table, the restricted permeability,

and the slope are major limitations on sites for septic

tank absorption fields.

• The seasonal wetness is a limitation on sites for

dwellings and commercial buildings.

• Low strength and the wetness are major limitations

on sites for local roads and streets.

• A subsurface drainage system helps to lower the

water table on sites for septic tank absorption fields,

dwellings, and commercial buildings.

• Adding coarser textured base material helps to

prevent the damage to local roads and streets caused

by low strength.

SyB2—Sykes silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Undulating stream terraces, north

of the Cumberland River

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Major land use: Cropland

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches; brown silt loam

Subsoil:

5 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown silty clay

loam

24 to 50 inches; yellowish brown silty clay

50 to 80 inches; yellowish brown clay
Jackson County, Tennessee 57

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; slow or very

slow in the lower part

Available water capacity: High

Soil reaction: Slightly acid to strongly acid, except

where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• Small areas of Humphreys soils on terrace

escarpments and footslopes

• Small areas of Armour and Mimosa soils in the

higher landscape positions

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Most locally adapted crops can be grown and can

produce good yields.

• This soil is susceptible to erosion, which can result

in removal of valuable topsoil.

• No-till planting, contour farming, and stripcropping

help to control erosion and maintain productivity.

Capability subclass: 2e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• No significant limitations affect forage production if

erosion is controlled (fig. 7).

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

• Alfalfa grows well and produces good yields in areas

where lime and fertilizer applications are adequate and

other necessary management practices have been

applied.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: Yellow poplar, black walnut,

white oak, southern red oak, hickory, eastern

white pine, and loblolly pine

Figure 7.—A winter cover crop of wheat and vetch in an area of Sykes silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded, helps to control

erosion and reduce the runoff rate.
58 Soil Survey

Management considerations:

• The main consideration affecting management of

timber is the hazard of soil rutting.

• See table 8a for additional information concerning

forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• The restricted permeability in the lower part of the

subsoil is a major limitation on sites for septic tank

absorption fields.

• Shrink-swell potential is a limitation on sites for

dwellings with basements.

• Low strength is a limitation on sites for local roads

and streets.

• Increasing the size of septic tank absorption fields

helps to compensate for the restricted permeability.

• Backfilling deep cuts with material that has low

shrink-swell potential and diverting runoff away from

buildings help to prevent structural damage to

dwellings.

• Adding coarser textured base material helps to

prevent the damage to local roads and streets caused

by low strength.

SyC2—Sykes silt loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded

Setting

Landscape position: Rolling stream terraces, north of

the Cumberland River

Shape of areas: Irregular

Size of areas: 5 to 50 acres

Major land use: Cropland

Typical Profile

Surface layer:

0 to 5 inches; brown silt loam

Subsoil:

5 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown silty clay loam

24 to 50 inches; yellowish brown silty clay

50 to 80 inches; yellowish brown clay

Soil Properties and Qualities

Drainage class: Well drained

Permeability: Moderate in the upper part; slow or very

slow in the lower part

Available water capacity: High

Soil reaction: Slightly acid to strongly acid, except

where lime has been added

Flooding: None

Seasonal high water table: None

Depth to bedrock: More than 5 feet

Inclusions

• Small areas of Humphreys soils on terrace

escarpments and footslopes

• Small areas of Armour and Mimosa soils in the

higher landscape positions

 Use and Management

Cropland

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Accelerated erosion can remove valuable topsoil

and adversely affect rooting depth.

• Conservation measures, such as no-till planting and

contour stripcropping, help to control erosion and

reduce the runoff rate.

• Tilth can be improved or maintained by applying a

cropping sequence that includes grasses, legumes, or

a mixture of grasses and legumes; using proper crop

rotations; minimizing tillage; and planting cover crops.

Capability subclass: 3e

Pasture and Hay

Suitability: Well suited

Management considerations:

• Because of the slope, additional erosion is a hazard

if plants are overgrazed or if the plant stand is in poor

condition.

• Pasture rotation, weed control, and an annual

application of fertilizer help to maintain the quality and

quantity of forage.

• Alfalfa grows well and produces good yields in areas

where lime and fertilizer applications are adequate and

other necessary management practices have been

applied.

Woodland

Suitability: Well suited

Trees suitable for planting: Yellow poplar, black walnut,

white oak, southern red oak, hickory, eastern

white pine, loblolly pine

Management considerations:

• The main considerations for management of timber

are the hazard of soil rutting and the hazard of erosion

on roads and trails.

• See tables 8a and 8b for additional information

concerning forestland management.

Residential and Commercial Uses

Suitability: Suited

Management considerations:

• Low strength is the major limitation on sites for local

roads and streets.

• The slope and the restricted permeability in the

lower part of the subsoil are major limitations on sites

for septic tank absorption fields.
Jackson County, Tennessee 59

• The slope is a limitation on sites for dwellings and

small commercial buildings.

• The slope and shrink-swell potential are limitations

on sites for dwellings with basements.

• Adding coarser textured base material helps to

prevent the damage to local roads and streets caused

by low strength.

• Increasing the size of septic tank absorption fields

and installing distribution lines on the contour will help

to compensate for the restricted permeability.

• Construction costs and proper design are

major considerations if sites for dwellings and

small commercial buildings are excavated or

filled.

• Backfilling deep cuts with material that has low

shrink-swell potential and diverting runoff away from

buildings help to prevent structural damage to

dwellings.

Ud—Udarents, clayey

This unit consists of areas that have been filled,

graded, and disturbed in the process of urbanization;

borrow areas where the soil material has been

removed and used in the construction of roadbeds or

as fill material for construction sites; and sanitary

landfills.

In areas that have been filled, graded, and

disturbed in the process of urbanization, the upper 2 to

5 feet of soil material has been added or reworked.

The soil material remaining generally consists of

clay with common or many pebbles, cobbles, and

stones.

Borrow pits commonly are excavated to a depth of

10 to 50 feet. The soil material on the steep, vertical

sidewalls is comparable to that described in the lower

part of the subsoil of adjacent soils. The soil material

at the bottom of pits in these borrow areas consists of

gravelly and bouldery clay.

In landfill areas, the original soil material has

been removed and the area has been filled with

alternate layers of solid waste and soil material.

Landfills that are no longer receiving waste material

have been revegetated to trees or a permanent

cover of grasses.

The exposed, clayey material in this unit will

support plant growth. Most areas have an emerging

vegetative cover of native grasses, shrubs, and trees.

Some areas have been reclaimed to stands of eastern

redcedar and loblolly pine. Acidity, the restricted

rooting depth in some areas, the rock fragments, and

the hazard of erosion are some of the limitations of the

soil material. Because the areas are so diverse, onsite

investigation is needed before use and management

can be effectively planned.

This unit has not been assigned a land capability

classification.

W—Water

This map unit consists of areas inundated with

water for the entire year. It generally includes rivers,

lakes, and ponds.

This unit has not been assigned a land capability

classification.

61

Prime farmland is one of several kinds of important

farmland defined by the U.S. Department of

Agriculture. It is of major importance in meeting the

Nation’s short- and long-range needs for food and

fiber. Because the supply of high-quality farmland is

limited, the U.S. Department of Agriculture recognizes

that responsible levels of government, as well as

individuals, should encourage and facilitate the wise

use of our Nation’s prime farmland.

Prime farmland, as defined by the U.S.

Department of Agriculture, is land that has the best

combination of physical and chemical characteristics

for producing food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed

crops and is available for these uses. It could be

cultivated land, pastureland, forestland, or other land,

but it is not urban or built-up land or water areas. The

soil qualities, growing season, and moisture supply are

those needed for the soil to economically produce

sustained high yields of crops when proper

management, including water management, and

acceptable farming methods are applied. In general,

prime farmland has an adequate and dependable

supply of moisture from precipitation or irrigation, a

favorable temperature and growing season,

acceptable acidity or alkalinity, an acceptable salt and

sodium content, and few or no rocks. It is permeable to

water and air. It is not excessively erodible or

Prime Farmland

saturated with water for long periods, and it either is

not frequently flooded during the growing season or

is protected from flooding. Slope ranges mainly from

0 to 6 percent. More detailed information about

the criteria for prime farmland is available at the

local office of the Natural Resources Conservation

Service.

A recent trend in land use in some parts of the

survey area has been the loss of some prime

farmland to industrial and urban uses. The loss of

prime farmland to other uses puts pressure on

marginal lands, which generally are more erodible,

droughty, and less productive and cannot be easily

cultivated.

The map units in the survey area that are

considered prime farmland are listed in table 5. This

list does not constitute a recommendation for a

particular land use. On some soils included in the list,

measures that overcome a hazard or limitation, such

as flooding, wetness, and droughtiness, are needed.

Onsite evaluation is needed to determine whether or

not the hazard or limitation has been overcome by

corrective measures. The extent of each listed map

unit is shown in table 4. The location is shown on the

detailed soil maps. The soil qualities that affect use

and management are described under the heading

“Detailed Soil Map Units.”

63

This soil survey is an inventory and evaluation of

the soils in the survey area. It can be used to adjust

land uses to the limitations and potentials of natural

resources and the environment. Also, it can help to

prevent soil-related failures in land uses.

In preparing a soil survey, soil scientists,

conservationists, engineers, and others collect

extensive field data about the nature and behavioral

characteristics of the soils. They collect data on

erosion, droughtiness, flooding, and other factors that

affect various soil uses and management. Field

experience and collected data on soil properties and

performance are used as a basis in predicting soil

behavior.

Information in this section can be used to plan the

use and management of soils for crops and pasture; as

forestland; as sites for buildings, sanitary facilities,

highways and other transportation systems, and parks

and other recreational facilities; for agricultural waste

management; and as wildlife habitat. It can be used to

identify the potentials and limitations of each soil for

specific land uses and to help prevent construction

failures caused by unfavorable soil properties.

Planners and others using soil survey information

can evaluate the effect of specific land uses on

productivity and on the environment in the survey area.

The survey can help planners to maintain or create a

land use pattern in harmony with the natural soil.

Contractors can use this survey to locate sources of

sand and gravel, roadfill, and topsoil. They can use it to

identify areas where bedrock, wetness, or very firm soil

layers can cause difficulty in excavation.

Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and

others may also find this survey useful. The survey

can help them plan the safe disposal of wastes and

locate sites for pavements, sidewalks, campgrounds,

playgrounds, lawns, and trees and shrubs.

Crops and Pasture

John L. Kazda, state agronomist, Natural Resources

Conservation Service, helped prepare this section.

General management needed for crops and pasture

is suggested in this section. The estimated yields of

the main crops and pasture plants are listed, the

system of land capability classification used by the

Natural Resources Conservation Service is explained,

and prime farmland is described.

Planners of management systems for individual

fields or farms should consider the detailed information

given in the description of each soil under the heading

“Detailed Soil Map Units.” Specific information can be

obtained from the local office of the Natural Resources

Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension

Service.

Pasture and hay are the major uses of the cleared

land in Jackson County. The acreage in row crops has

steadily decreased in recent years; however, row crops

are still an important source of income in the county.

Burley tobacco is the main cash crop, with a value of

about $3.3 million in 1992. Other major crops are corn

and forages.

The soils in the county are better suited to pasture

than to row crops because they are too sloping for

intensive cropping. The acreage in crops could be

increased by applying erosion-control measures and

utilizing the latest production technology available.

In addition to the commonly grown row crops, the

county has increased production of vegetable truck

crops, berries, and fruit orchards. The deep, well

drained soils that warm up early in the spring are well

suited to vegetables and fruit production. They include

the Mountview and Bewleyville soils in the uplands and

the Armour, Humphreys, Ocana, and Arrington soils on

stream terraces and flood plains.

Most of the deep, well drained soils that are not

steep are suited to orchards and vegetable production.

The soils in low, poorly drained areas that experience

frost frequently are poorly suited to fruit orchards and

vegetable production.

Soil erosion is the most important management

problem in Jackson County. It is a hazard on soils that

have slopes of more than 2 percent when crops are

grown using a conventional tillage system.

Soil loss through erosion is damaging for a number

of reasons. Productivity is reduced as the surface layer

is removed and part of the subsoil is incorporated into

the plow layer. Erosion is especially damaging on soils

that have a fragipan, such as the Dickson soils, and on

soils that have a plastic, clayey subsoil, such as the

Use and Management of the Soils
64 Soil Survey

Mimosa soils. As more soil is removed by erosion, the

root zone above the fragipan or clayey subsoil

becomes thinner. This reduces the available water

capacity and reduces yields during years of moisture

stress. Loss of the surface layer with its higher content

of organic matter also results in puddling and crusting.

Most of the plant nutrients in the soil are in the surface

layer, and they can easily be lost through erosion.

Control of erosion minimizes the pollution of streams

by sediment and fertilizers and improves the quality of

water for recreation, fish, and wildlife.

A resource management system that provides a

protective surface cover, reduces the rate of runoff,

and increases the rate of infiltration can help hold

erosion losses to an acceptable amount. On livestock

farms, grasses and legumes help to control runoff and

erosion and improve the soil-moisture-air relationship.

The legumes take nitrogen from the air, and as a

result, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer needed is

reduced.

A conservation tillage system is one way to reduce

erosion on sloping cropland. It provides for a more

protective surface cover for longer periods and thus

reduces the rate of runoff and increases the rate of

infiltration. It also increases the amount of organic

material added to the soil, minimizes soil compaction,

and saves time and fuel. Crop residue management,

field borders, grasses and legumes in the rotation

cropping system, and grassed waterways are also

helpful in holding erosion to an acceptable rate.

Most of the soils used for cultivated crops in the

survey area have a surface layer of silt loam. Intense

rainfall causes the formation of a crust on the surface

of soils that have a low organic matter content. This

crust, which is hard when dry, reduces the rate of

infiltration and increases the rate of runoff. Regular

addition and incorporation of crop residue, manure, or

other organic material improve soil structure and

minimize crusting.

Many of the soils in the county are strongly acid or

very strongly acid in their natural state. Applications of

agricultural lime are required to raise the pH level

sufficiently for good growth of most crops. Most soils

also show a good response to the addition of

commercial fertilizer.

Addition of lime and fertilizer should be based on

the results of soil tests and on the needs of the crop

for a desired yield level. The Cooperative Extension

Service operates a soil testing laboratory, and they can

provide test results and recommendations for the

amount of plant nutrients and lime to apply.

Pasture and hay make up a significant area in the

county (fig. 8). The main grasses are tall fescue and

orchardgrass. The most common legumes are white

clover, red clover, ladino clover, alfalfa, annual

lespedeza, and sericea lespedeza. Legumes should be

included as part of the seed mixture for establishing

pasture and should be reintroduced in perennial grass

stands when they are renovated.

The major management practices needed on

pastures are fertilization, weed control, a rotation

grazing system, and occasional renovation. Fertilizer

should be applied according to plant needs as

indicated by plant growth, the level of production

desired, and the results of soil tests. Weeds can be

controlled in pastures by applying herbicides and

mowing before the weeds mature and produce seeds.

Well managed pastures that have a good stand of

grasses and legumes contain fewer weeds.

Some annual grasses and legumes are used for

supplemental grazing or for hay. Millet and soybeans

are planted together and cut for hay. Hybrid sorghum

crosses, pearl millet, and sudangrass make good

summer pasture and also can be cut for hay. Small

grain and annual ryegrass provide good grazing in late

fall and early spring. Most hay harvested is the surplus

growth of grass-legume pastures. Hay crops should be

cut at the stage of growth that provides the best quality

feed and does not damage the grass-legume stand.

Hay cut late, after seed heads are mature, is less

palatable and lower in protein content. The extra

production that is gained by cutting late is offset by a

decrease in the nutritional value of the hay. Cutting

perennial hay too short causes premature loss of the

stand.

Yields per Acre

The average yields per acre that can be expected of

the principal crops under a high level of management

are shown in tables 6 and 7. In any given year, yields

may be higher or lower than those indicated in the

tables because of variations in rainfall and other

climatic factors. The land capability classification of

map units in the survey area also is shown in the

tables.

The yields are based mainly on the experience and

records of farmers, conservationists, and extension

agents. Available yield data from nearby counties and

results of field trials and demonstrations also are

considered.

The management needed to obtain the indicated

yields of the various crops depends on the kind of soil

and the crop. Management can include drainage,

erosion control, and protection from flooding; the proper

planting and seeding rates; suitable high-yielding crop

varieties; appropriate and timely tillage; control of

weeds, plant diseases, and harmful insects; favorable

soil reaction and optimum levels of nitrogen,
Jackson County, Tennessee 65

phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements for each

crop; effective use of crop residue, barnyard manure,

and green manure crops; and harvesting that ensures

the smallest possible loss.

The estimated yields reflect the productive capacity

of each soil for each of the principal crops. Yields are

likely to increase as new production technology is

developed. The productivity of a given soil compared

with that of other soils, however, is not likely to

change.

Crops other than those shown in tables 6 and 7 are

grown in the survey area, but estimated yields are not

listed because the acreage of such crops is small. The

local office of the Natural Resources Conservation

Service or of the Cooperative Extension Service can

provide information about the management and

productivity of the soils for those crops.

Land Capability Classification

Land capability classification shows, in a general

way, the suitability of soils for most kinds of field

crops. Crops that require special management are

excluded. The soils are grouped according to their

limitations for field crops, the risk of damage if they are

used for crops, and the way they respond to

management. The criteria used in grouping the soils do

not include major and generally expensive landforming

that would change slope, depth, or other

characteristics of the soils, nor do they include

possible but unlikely major reclamation projects.

Figure 8.—Livestock production is a major agronomic enterprise in the county. Tall fescue and ladino clover are the main

forage crops grown in areas of Holston loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes.
66 Soil Survey

Capability classification is not a substitute for

interpretations designed to show suitability and

limitations of groups of soils for forestland or for

engineering purposes.

In the capability system, soils are generally grouped

at three levels—capability class, subclass, and unit.

Capability classes, the broadest groups, are

designated by the numbers 1 through 8. The numbers

indicate progressively greater limitations and narrower

choices for practical use. The classes are defined as

follows:

Class 1 soils have slight limitations that restrict their

use.

Class 2 soils have moderate limitations that restrict

the choice of plants or that require moderate

conservation practices.

Class 3 soils have severe limitations that restrict

the choice of plants or that require special

conservation practices, or both.

Class 4 soils have very severe limitations that

restrict the choice of plants or that require very careful

management, or both.

Class 5 soils are subject to little or no erosion but

have other limitations, impractical to remove, that

restrict their use mainly to pasture, rangeland,

forestland, or wildlife habitat.

Class 6 soils have severe limitations that make

them generally unsuitable for cultivation and that

restrict their use mainly to pasture, rangeland,

forestland, or wildlife habitat.

Class 7 soils have very severe limitations that make

them unsuitable for cultivation and that restrict their

use mainly to grazing, forestland, or wildlife habitat.

Class 8 soils and miscellaneous areas have

limitations that preclude commercial plant production

and that restrict their use to recreational purposes,

wildlife habitat, watershed, or esthetic purposes.

Capability subclasses are soil groups within one

class. They are designated by adding a small letter, e,

w, or s, to the class numeral, for example, 2e. The

letter e shows that the main hazard is the risk of

erosion unless close-growing plant cover is maintained;

w shows that water in or on the soil interferes with

plant growth or cultivation (in some soils the wetness

can be partly corrected by artificial drainage); s shows

that the soil is limited mainly because it is shallow,

droughty, or stony.

In class 1 there are no subclasses because the

soils of this class have few limitations. Class 5

contains only the subclasses indicated by w, s, or c

because the soils in class 5 are subject to little or no

erosion. They have other limitations that restrict their

use to pasture, rangeland, forestland, wildlife habitat,

or recreation.

Forest Productivity and Management

Woodland makes up about 135,900 acres in the

county, or about 69 percent of the total area of

Jackson County, and most of it is privately owned. The

county was entirely forested when the first settlers

arrived. The areas first cleared were the fertile bottom

land and stream terraces. Gradually, the uplands in the

county were cleared for crops. The hazard of erosion

was severe on the steeper hillsides. These areas were

soon abandoned to volunteer grasses and trees as

more arable land was cleared.

In general, forests now occupy the steeper slopes

and droughty ridgetops, which are unsuited to row

crops and poorly suited to pasture. The major timber

species composition has changed very little over the

last 200 years. It consists mainly of white oak, red

oak, black oak, yellow poplar, beech, maple,

sweetgum, black gum, and hickory. Occasionally, a

pure stand of red cedar, which is associated with areas

of shallow soils over limestone bedrock, can be seen

along very steep bluffs.

Soils vary in their ability to support trees. Aspect

has a major effect on tree species and growth in

Jackson County. Available water capacity and depth of

the root zone have major effects on tree growth.

Fertility and soil texture also are important.

Two-thirds of the woodland is on moderately

productive soils, with the potential to grow between 250

and 450 board feet per acre per year. One-fourth of the

woodland is on productive soils, with the potential to

grow between 450 and 600 board feet per acre per year.

The remainder of the woodland has relatively low

timber production potential. In addition to the

commercial value of the woodland, other forest land

uses include wildlife habitat, recreation, natural

beauty, and conservation of soil, water, and air

resources.

The tables in this section can help forest owners or

managers plan the use of soils for wood crops. They

show the potential productivity of the soils for wood

crops and rate the soils according to the limitations

that affect various aspects of forest management.

Forest Management

In tables 8a through 8d, interpretive ratings are

given for various aspects of forest management. The

ratings are both verbal and numerical.

Some rating class terms indicate the degree to

which the soils are suited to a specified forest

management practice. Well suited indicates that the

soil has features that are favorable for the specified

practice and has no limitations. Good performance can

be expected, and little or no maintenance is needed.
Jackson County, Tennessee 67

Moderately suited indicates that the soil has features

that are moderately favorable for the specified practice.

One or more soil properties are less than desirable,

and fair performance can be expected. Some

maintenance is needed. Poorly suited indicates that the

soil has one or more properties that are unfavorable for

the specified practice. Overcoming the unfavorable

properties requires special design, extra maintenance,

and costly alteration. Unsuited indicates that the

expected performance of the soil is unacceptable for

the specified practice or that extreme measures are

needed to overcome the undesirable soil properties.

Numerical ratings in the tables indicate the severity

of individual limitations. The ratings are shown as

decimal fractions ranging from 0.00 to 1.00. They

indicate gradations between the point at which a soil

feature has the greatest negative impact on the

specified forest management practice (1.00) and the

point at which the soil feature is not a limitation

(0.00).

The paragraphs that follow indicate the soil

properties considered in rating the soils for forest

management practices. More detailed information

about the criteria used in the ratings is available in the

“National Forestry Manual,” which is available in local

offices of the Natural Resources Conservation Service

or on the Internet.

For limitations affecting construction of haul roads

and log landings, the ratings are based on slope,

flooding, permafrost, plasticity index, the hazard of soil

slippage, content of sand, the Unified classification,

rock fragments on or below the surface, depth to a

restrictive layer that is indurated, depth to a water

table, and ponding. The limitations are described as

slight, moderate, or severe. A rating of slight indicates

that no significant limitations affect construction

activities, moderate indicates that one or more

limitations can cause some difficulty in construction,

and severe indicates that one or more limitations can

make construction very difficult or very costly.

The ratings of suitability for log landings are based

on slope, rock fragments on the surface, plasticity

index, content of sand, the Unified classification, depth

to a water table, ponding, flooding, and the hazard of

soil slippage. The soils are described as well suited,

moderately suited, or poorly suited to use as log

landings.

Ratings in the column soil rutting hazard are based

on depth to a water table, rock fragments on or below

the surface, the Unified classification, depth to a

restrictive layer, and slope. Ruts form as a result of the

operation of forest equipment. The hazard is described

as slight, moderate, or severe. A rating of slight

indicates that the soil is subject to little or no rutting,

moderate indicates that rutting is likely, and severe

indicates that ruts form readily.

Ratings in the column hazard of off-road or off-trail

erosion are based on slope and on soil erodibility factor

K. The soil loss is caused by sheet or rill erosion in offroad or off-trail areas where 50 to 75 percent of the

surface has been exposed by logging, grazing, mining,

or other kinds of disturbance. The hazard is described

as slight, moderate, severe, or very severe. A rating of

slight indicates that erosion is unlikely under ordinary

climatic conditions; moderate indicates that some

erosion is likely and that erosion-control measures may

be needed; severe indicates that erosion is very likely

and that erosion-control measures, including

revegetation of bare areas, are advised; and very

severe indicates that significant erosion is expected,

loss of soil productivity and off-site damage are likely,

and erosion-control measures are costly and generally

impractical.

Ratings in the column hazard of erosion on roads

and trails are based on the soil erodibility factor K,

slope, and content of rock fragments. The ratings apply

to unsurfaced roads and trails. The hazard is described

as slight, moderate, or severe. A rating of slight

indicates that little or no erosion is likely; moderate

indicates that some erosion is likely, that the roads or

trails may require occasional maintenance, and that

simple erosion-control measures are needed; and

severe indicates that significant erosion is expected,

that the roads or trails require frequent maintenance,

and that costly erosion-control measures are needed.

Ratings in the column suitability for roads (natural

surface) are based on slope, rock fragments on the

surface, plasticity index, content of sand, the Unified

classification, depth to a water table, ponding, flooding,

and the hazard of soil slippage. The ratings indicate the

suitability for using the natural surface of the soil for

roads. The soils are described as well suited,

moderately suited, or poorly suited to this use.

Ratings in the columns suitability for hand planting

and suitability for mechanical planting are based on

slope, depth to a restrictive layer, content of sand,

plasticity index, rock fragments on or below the

surface, depth to a water table, and ponding. The soils

are described as well suited, moderately suited, poorly

suited, or unsuited to these methods of planting. It is

assumed that necessary site preparation is completed

before seedlings are planted.

Ratings in the column suitability for use of

harvesting equipment are based on slope, rock

fragments on the surface, plasticity index, content of

sand, the Unified classification, depth to a water table,

and ponding. The soils are described as well suited,

moderately suited, or poorly suited to this use.
68 Soil Survey

Ratings in the column suitability for mechanical site

preparation (surface) are based on slope, depth to a

restrictive layer, plasticity index, rock fragments on or

below the surface, depth to a water table, and ponding.

The soils are described as well suited, poorly suited, or

unsuited to this management activity. The part of the

soil from the surface to a depth of about 1 foot is

considered in the ratings.

Ratings in the column suitability for mechanical site

preparation (deep) are based on slope, depth to a

restrictive layer, rock fragments on or below the

surface, depth to a water table, and ponding. The soils

are described as well suited, poorly suited, or unsuited

to this management activity. The part of the soil from

the surface to a depth of about 3 feet is considered in

the ratings.

Forest Productivity

In table 8e, the potential productivity of

merchantable or common trees on a soil is expressed

as a site index and as a volume number. The site index

is the average height, in feet, that dominant and

codominant trees of a given species attain in a

specified number of years. The site index applies to

fully stocked, even-aged, unmanaged stands.

Commonly grown trees are those that forest managers

generally favor in intermediate or improvement

cuttings. They are selected on the basis of growth rate,

quality, value, and marketability. More detailed

information regarding site index is available in the

“National Forestry Manual,” which is available in local

offices of the Natural Resources Conservation Service

or on the Internet.

The volume of wood fiber, a number, is the yield

likely to be produced by the most important tree

species. This number, expressed as cubic feet per acre

per year and calculated at the age of culmination of the

mean annual increment (CMAI), indicates the amount

of fiber produced in a fully stocked, even-aged,

unmanaged stand.

Trees to manage are those that are preferred for

planting, seeding, or natural regeneration and those

that remain in the stand after thinning or partial

harvest.

Recreation

The soils in Jackson County generally are well

suited to recreational uses such as picnic and

playground areas, golf courses, field sports,

campgrounds, hunting areas, and vacation farms. The

soil, climate, scenery, and water quality offer good

recreational potential. Soil characteristics should

present few developmental problems if careful

consideration is given to soil depth, permeability,

texture, slope, and drainage in the planning process.

Streams and reservoirs formed from runoff and

ground water in the soils support both good warm water

and cold water fisheries. Cordell Hull Dam and

Reservoir provides numerous water-based recreational

opportunities, including swimming beaches,

playgrounds, campsites, and boat launching ramps.

Among the public recreation areas that have been

developed adjacent to this lake are Wartrace Creek

Park, Roaring River Park, and Salt Lick Creek

Campground. Hunting is allowed in some areas owned

by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers by a permit

system.

Some of the natural, scenic, and historic areas in

the county are Avery Trace, Fort Blount, and

Gainesboro.

The soils of the survey area are rated in table 9

according to limitations that affect their suitability for

recreation. The ratings are based on restrictive soil

features, such as wetness, slope, and texture of the

surface layer. Susceptibility to flooding is considered.

Not considered in the ratings, but important in

evaluating a site, are the location and accessibility of

the area, the size and shape of the area and its scenic

quality, vegetation, access to water, potential water

impoundment sites, and access to public sewer lines.

The capacity of the soil to absorb septic tank effluent

and the ability of the soil to support vegetation also are

important. Soils that are subject to flooding are limited

for recreational uses by the duration and intensity of

flooding and the season when flooding occurs. In

planning recreational facilities, onsite assessment of

the height, duration, intensity, and frequency of

flooding is essential.

In the table, the degree of soil limitation is

expressed as slight, moderate, or severe. Slight means

that soil properties are generally favorable and that

limitations are minor and easily overcome. Moderate

means that limitations can be overcome or alleviated

by planning, design, or special maintenance. Severe

means that soil properties are unfavorable and that

limitations can be offset only by costly soil

reclamation, special design, intensive maintenance,

limited use, or a combination of these.

The information in table 9 can be supplemented

by other information in this survey, for example,

interpretations for septic tank absorption fields in

table 12 and interpretations for dwellings without

basements and for local roads and streets in table 11.

Camp areas require site preparation, such as

shaping and leveling the tent and parking areas,

stabilizing roads and intensively used areas, and

installing sanitary facilities and utility lines. Camp
Jackson County, Tennessee 69

areas are subject to heavy foot traffic and some

vehicular traffic. The best soils have mild slopes and

are not wet or subject to flooding during the period of

use. The surface has few or no stones or boulders,

absorbs rainfall readily but remains firm, and is not

dusty when dry. Strong slopes and stones or boulders

can greatly increase the cost of constructing

campsites.

Picnic areas are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most

vehicular traffic is confined to access roads and

parking areas. The best soils for picnic areas are firm

when wet, are not dusty when dry, are not subject to

flooding during the period of use, and do not have

slopes or stones or boulders that increase the cost of

shaping sites or of building access roads and parking

areas.

Playgrounds require soils that can withstand

intensive foot traffic. The best soils are almost level

and are not wet or subject to flooding during the

season of use. The surface is free of stones and

boulders, is firm after rains, and is not dusty when dry.

If grading is needed, the depth of the soil over bedrock

or a hardpan should be considered.

Paths and trails for hiking and horseback riding

should require little or no cutting and filling. The best

soils are not wet, are firm after rains, are not dusty

when dry, and are not subject to flooding more than

once a year during the period of use. They have

moderate slopes and few or no stones or boulders on

the surface.

Golf fairways are subject to heavy foot traffic and

some light vehicular traffic. Cutting or filling may be

required. The best soils for use as golf fairways are

firm when wet, are not dusty when dry, and are not

subject to prolonged flooding during the period of use.

They have moderate slopes and no stones or boulders

on the surface. The suitability of the soil for tees or

greens is not considered in rating the soils.

Wildlife Habitat

Michael E. Zeman, state biologist, Natural Resources

Conservation Service, helped to prepare this section.

Wildlife is an important natural resource of the

county. It provides a source of revenue from hunting,

fishing, and recreational activities, such as camping,

boating, hiking, photography, and bird watching.

Popular game species include bobwhite quail, cottontail

rabbit, whitetail deer, mourning dove, eastern wild

turkey, and gray and fox squirrels.

The whitetail deer is the most popular game animal

in the county. Deer populations are high and have

grown considerably over the past 20 years. Harvest

records indicate that an increase of more than 20-fold

occurred between 1970 and 1990, and the county is

currently one of the top 10 deer producing counties in

the State.

In the early 1950s, the wild turkey population had

declined to a point where there were no birds in the

county. Through restoration efforts and an abundance

of suitable habitat, the county is now one of the top

producers in the State. In the mid-1980s, about 20

birds per year were harvested. The number of birds

harvested annually continues to increase.

The bobwhite quail numbers are low or moderate in

the county. The highest populations occur on the

Cordell Hull Lake-Cumberland River and Jennings

Creek bottom land where cropland is adjacent to cover

areas, such as brushy fence rows and field borders.

Ruffed grouse populations are low, with the highest

populations on the forested ridges of variable age

classes of timber.

Rabbit populations are moderate or high in the

county. Good populations occur on the Cordell Hull

Lake-Cumberland River bottom land where agricultural

land is intermixed with brushy areas.

The mourning dove is the most popular migratory

game species in the State. Doves migrate through the

county annually in fall and winter, with the largest

numbers frequenting the bottom land along the Cordell

Hull Lake-Cumberland River, Jennings Creek, and

Roaring River.

There are three species of squirrels in the county—

the gray, fox, and southern flying squirrels. All are

plentiful. Both the gray squirrel and the primarily

nocturnal southern flying squirrel are in good or

excellent numbers throughout the hardwood forests.

There also are a considerable number of fox squirrels

in the county. Fox squirrels commonly are along

woodland edges and woody fence rows near openland.

Waterfowl numbers are low in the county. The most

common species migrating through the county include

the wood duck, mallard, and blue winged teal. These

waterfowl primarily utilize upland farm ponds,

slackwater areas of the Cordell Hull Lake-Cumberland

River, and riverine wetlands of the Cumberland River

bottom.

Several species of furbearers live in the county.

Wetland furbearers include mink, muskrat, and beaver.

They are found in low or moderate numbers along

streams, small lakes, and farm ponds. Upland

furbearers are common and abundant throughout the

county. They include bobcat, opossum, raccoon, gray

fox, striped skunk, and coyote.

Many nongame species occur in abundance

throughout the county. Different species of songbirds,

both resident and migratory, can be found associated
70 Soil Survey

with different plant communities. Woodland birds

include the Carolina chickadee, tufted titmouse,

pileated woodpecker, and warblers. Openland birds

include robins, meadowlarks, and various sparrows.

Common birds of prey include the red-tailed hawk,

sparrow hawk, barred owl, and screech owl.

Other nongame species include reptiles,

amphibians, and mammals. Common reptiles and

amphibians include the eastern box turtle, skinks,

eastern hognose snake, copperhead and timber

rattlesnakes, bullfrogs, and dusky salamanders.

Common small mammals include the hispid cotton rat,

moles, shrews, and other rodents. The relative

abundance of nongame species is dependent upon the

type and quality of habitat available to the species.

State and federally listed threatened or endangered

wildlife species that may live in the county include the

gray bat, dromedary pearly mussel, orange-footed

pearly mussel, yellow-blossom pearly mussel, ornate

rocksnail, and river otter. Species that may migrate

through the county include the bald eagle, golden

eagle, peregrine falcon, osprey, sharp-shinned hawk,

Cooper’s hawk, and grasshopper sparrow. At least one

pair of bald eagles and one pair of golden eagles have

nested in the county in recent years.

Most of the soils in the county are only moderately

limited as sites for ponds because of seepage or slope.

Mimosa, Dellrose, and Hawthorne soils are severely

limited as sites for constructed ponds because of

seepage, slope, and depth to rock. Egam and

Bewleyville soils are only slightly or moderately limited.

Most of the ponds are used for livestock but can be

stocked for recreational fishing. Common fish species

include largemouth bass, bluegill sunfish, and channel

catfish. Water in small ponds and lakes is typically

acidic, which can limit fish production if proper

management measures are not applied.

Jackson County has a total of 122 miles of

perennial warm water streams, of which 39.5 miles

consists of the Cumberland River. The Cumberland

River and streams in the county provide approximately

1,098 acres of aquatic habitat. Common fish species

that occur in these flowing systems include largemouth

bass, rock bass, bluegill sunfish, green sunfish,

channel catfish, bullhead catfish, and several species

of darters and minnows. Rainbow trout are stocked in

the Obey River in Clay County. As a result, some trout

enter the Cumberland River in the northern part of the

county. The Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency has

also released rainbow trout into Flynns Creek. Most of

the streams are only moderately productive, with fair

populations of warm water fish.

There is one commercial cold water aquaculture

operation in the county. Springs seeping from the

Highland Rim aquifer provide this operation with

suitable water quality and the colder temperatures

needed to support rainbow trout.

Overall, most of the soil characteristics and the

steep topography render the area unsuitable as a site

for construction of an extensive system of ponds. The

soils in the Cumberland River basin and Highland Rim

area have the highest potential for the construction of

ponds and warm water aquaculture production.

There are few acres of natural wetlands in Jackson

County, excluding artificial wetlands such as upland

ponds. The wetlands are primarily wooded bottom land

along stream courses and the Cumberland River. Lee,

Guthrie, and Melvin soils are in these areas. Bottomland hardwoods provide some of the most productive

wildlife habitat in the county. They improve the water

quality of streams by removing nutrients and trapping

sediment from upland runoff, lower water temperatures

by shading streams, and provide leaf litter that serves

as the foundation for aquatic food chains.

Conservation practices can improve or help to

provide quality wildlife habitat. In areas of cropland,

planned crop rotations and crop residue management

can provide food and needed winter cover for many

species of wildlife. In areas of grassland, deferred

grazing by livestock and fencing can help to protect

food plots, nesting cover, and fish habitat by providing

streambank protection. Field borders and filter strips

along streams can help to protect the water quality and

provide food, cover, and travel lanes for many species

of wildlife. Selective thinning of woodland can be

carried out in a manner that protects den and quality

mast producing trees. Other practices that can improve

wildlife habitat include wildlife upland habitat

management, wildlife wetland habitat management,

fishpond management, pasture and hayland

management, livestock exclusion, and woodland

improvement.

Some practices are harmful to wildlife. Those

practices most often include indiscriminate burning,

applying pesticides, heavy grazing, mowing during the

growing (nesting) season, clean fall plowing, extensive

clearcutting of timber, draining and clearing wetlands,

and removing den and all mast producing trees.

Technical assistance in the planning or application

of wildlife conservation practices can be obtained from

the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the

University of Tennessee Agricultural Extension

Service, the Tennessee Wildlife Resources Agency,

and the Tennessee Division of Forestry.

Soils affect the kind and amount of vegetation that

is available to wildlife as food and cover. They also

affect the construction of water impoundments. The

kind and abundance of wildlife depend largely on the
Jackson County, Tennessee 71

amount and distribution of food, cover, and water.

Wildlife habitat can be created or improved by planting

appropriate vegetation, by maintaining the existing

plant cover, or by promoting the natural establishment

of desirable plants.

In table 10, the soils in the survey area are rated

according to their potential for providing habitat for

various kinds of wildlife. This information can be used

in planning parks, wildlife refuges, nature study areas,

and other developments for wildlife; in selecting soils

that are suitable for establishing, improving, or

maintaining specific elements of wildlife habitat; and in

determining the intensity of management needed for

each element of the habitat.

The potential of the soil is rated good, fair, poor, or

very poor. A rating of good indicates that the element

or kind of habitat is easily established, improved, or

maintained. Few or no limitations affect management,

and satisfactory results can be expected. A rating of

fair indicates that the element or kind of habitat can be

established, improved, or maintained in most places.

Moderately intensive management is required for

satisfactory results. A rating of poor indicates that

limitations are severe for the designated element or

kind of habitat. Habitat can be created, improved, or

maintained in most places, but management is difficult

and must be intensive. A rating of very poor indicates

that restrictions for the element or kind of habitat are

very severe and that unsatisfactory results can be

expected. Creating, improving, or maintaining habitat is

impractical or impossible.

The elements of wildlife habitat are described in the

following paragraphs.

Grain and seed crops are domestic grains and

seed-producing herbaceous plants. Soil properties

and features that affect the growth of grain and seed

crops are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface

layer, available water capacity, wetness, slope,

surface stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature

and soil moisture also are considerations. Examples

of grain and seed crops are corn, wheat, and

soybeans.

Grasses and legumes are domestic perennial

grasses and herbaceous legumes. Soil properties and

features that affect the growth of grasses and legumes

are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface layer,

available water capacity, wetness, surface stoniness,

flooding, and slope. Soil temperature and soil moisture

also are considerations. Examples of grasses and

legumes are fescue, orchardgrass, annual lespedeza,

clover, and alfalfa.

Wild herbaceous plants are native or naturally

established grasses and forbs, including weeds. Soil

properties and features that affect the growth of these

plants are depth of the root zone, texture of the surface

layer, available water capacity, wetness, surface

stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and soil

moisture also are considerations. Examples of wild

herbaceous plants are bluestem, goldenrod,

beggarweed, wheatgrass, common ragweed, and

grama.

Hardwood trees and woody understory produce nuts

or other fruit, buds, catkins, twigs, bark, and foliage.

Soil properties and features that affect the growth of

hardwood trees and shrubs are depth of the root zone,

available water capacity, and wetness. Examples of

these plants are oak, poplar, cherry, sweetgum, apple,

hawthorn, dogwood, hickory, blackberry, and blueberry.

Examples of fruit-producing shrubs that are suitable for

planting on soils rated good are Russian-olive, autumnolive, shrub lespedeza, shrub honeysuckle, and

crabapple.

Coniferous plants furnish browse and seeds. Soil

properties and features that affect the growth of

coniferous trees, shrubs, and ground cover are depth

of the root zone, available water capacity, and

wetness. Examples of coniferous plants are pine and

eastern redcedar.

Shrubs are bushy woody plants that produce fruit,

buds, twigs, bark, and foliage. Soil properties and

features that affect the growth of shrubs are depth of

the root zone, available water capacity, salinity, and

soil moisture. Examples of shrubs are

mountainmahogany, bitterbrush, snowberry, and big

sagebrush.

Wetland plants are annual and perennial wild

herbaceous plants that grow on moist or wet sites.

Submerged or floating aquatic plants are excluded. Soil

properties and features affecting wetland plants are

texture of the surface layer, wetness, reaction, salinity,

slope, and surface stoniness. Examples of wetland

plants are smartweed, wild millet, wildrice, cattails,

rushes, sedges, and reeds.

Shallow water areas have an average depth of less

than 5 feet. Some are naturally wet areas. Others are

created by dams, levees, or other water-control

structures. Soil properties and features affecting

shallow water areas are depth to bedrock, wetness,

surface stoniness, slope, and permeability. Examples

of shallow water areas are marshes, waterfowl feeding

areas, and ponds.

The habitat for various kinds of wildlife is described

in the following paragraphs.

Habitat for openland wildlife consists of cropland,

pasture, meadows, and areas that are overgrown with

grasses, herbs, shrubs, and vines. These areas

produce grain and seed crops, grasses and legumes,

and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife attracted to these
72 Soil Survey

areas include bobwhite quail, meadowlark, field

sparrow, cottontail, and red fox.

Habitat for woodland wildlife consists of areas of

deciduous and/or coniferous plants and associated

grasses, legumes, and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife

attracted to these areas include wild turkey, woodcock,

thrushes, woodpeckers, squirrels, gray fox, raccoon,

deer, and bear.

Habitat for wetland wildlife consists of open, marshy

or swampy shallow water areas. Some of the wildlife

attracted to such areas are ducks, geese, herons,

shore birds, muskrat, otter, and beaver.

Engineering

This section provides information for planning land

uses related to urban development and to water

management. Soils are rated for various uses, and the

most limiting features are identified. Ratings are given

for building site development, sanitary facilities,

construction materials, and water management. The

ratings are based on observed performance of the soils

and on the estimated data and test data in the “Soil

Properties” section.

Information in this section is intended for land use

planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for

planning site investigations prior to design and

construction. The information, however, has limitations.

For example, estimates and other data generally apply

only to that part of the soil between the surface and a

depth of 5 to 7 feet. Because of the map scale, small

areas of different soils may be included within the

mapped areas of a specific soil.

The information is not site specific and does not

eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils

or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced in

the design and construction of engineering works.

Government ordinances and regulations that restrict

certain land uses or impose specific design criteria

were not considered in preparing the information in this

section. Local ordinances and regulations should be

considered in planning, in site selection, and in design.

Soil properties, site features, and observed

performance were considered in determining the ratings

in this section. During the fieldwork for this soil survey,

determinations were made about particle-size

distribution, liquid limit, plasticity index, soil reaction,

depth to bedrock, hardness of bedrock within 5 to 7

feet of the surface, soil wetness, depth to a water

table, ponding, slope, likelihood of flooding, natural soil

structure aggregation, and soil density. Data were

collected about kinds of clay minerals, mineralogy of

the sand and silt fractions, and the kinds of adsorbed

cations. Estimates were made for erodibility,

permeability, corrosivity, shrink-swell potential,

available water capacity, and other behavioral

characteristics affecting engineering uses.

This information can be used to evaluate the

potential of areas for residential, commercial,

industrial, and recreational uses; make preliminary

estimates of construction conditions; evaluate

alternative routes for roads, streets, highways,

pipelines, and underground cables; evaluate alternative

sites for sanitary landfills, septic tank absorption fields,

and sewage lagoons; plan detailed onsite

investigations of soils and geology; locate potential

sources of gravel, sand, earthfill, and topsoil; plan

drainage systems, irrigation systems, ponds, terraces,

and other structures for soil and water conservation;

and predict performance of proposed small structures

and pavements by comparing the performance of

existing similar structures on the same or similar soils.

The information in the tables, along with the soil

maps, the soil descriptions, and other data provided in

this survey, can be used to make additional

interpretations.

Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a

special meaning in soil science and are defined in the

Glossary.

Building Site Development

Table 11 shows the degree and kind of soil

limitations that affect shallow excavations, dwellings

with and without basements, small commercial

buildings, local roads and streets, and lawns and

landscaping. The limitations are considered slight if soil

properties and site features are generally favorable for

the indicated use and limitations are minor and easily

overcome; moderate if soil properties or site features

are not favorable for the indicated use and special

planning, design, or maintenance is needed to

overcome or minimize the limitations; and severe if soil

properties or site features are so unfavorable or so

difficult to overcome that special design, significant

increases in construction costs, and possibly

increased maintenance are required. Special feasibility

studies may be required where the soil limitations are

severe.

Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to a

maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for basements, graves,

utility lines, open ditches, or other purposes. The

ratings are based on soil properties, site features, and

observed performance of the soils. The ease of

digging, filling, and compacting is affected by the depth

to bedrock, a cemented pan, or a very firm dense

layer; stone content; soil texture; and slope. The time of

the year that excavations can be made is affected by

the depth to a seasonal high water table and the
Jackson County, Tennessee 73

susceptibility of the soil to flooding. The resistance of

the excavation walls or banks to sloughing or caving is

affected by soil texture and depth to the water table.

Dwellings and small commercial buildings are

structures built on shallow foundations on undisturbed

soil. The load limit is the same as that for single-family

dwellings no higher than three stories. Ratings are

made for small commercial buildings without

basements, for dwellings with basements, and for

dwellings without basements. The ratings are based on

soil properties, site features, and observed

performance of the soils. A high water table, flooding,

shrinking and swelling, and organic layers can cause

the movement of footings. A high water table, depth to

bedrock or to a cemented pan, large stones, slope, and

flooding affect the ease of excavation and

construction. Landscaping and grading that require cuts

and fills of more than 5 or 6 feet are not considered.

Local roads and streets have an all-weather surface

and carry automobile and light truck traffic all year.

They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material; a base

of gravel, crushed rock, or stabilized soil material; and

a flexible or rigid surface. Cuts and fills are generally

limited to less than 6 feet. The ratings are based on

soil properties, site features, and observed

performance of the soils. Depth to bedrock or to a

cemented pan, a high water table, flooding, large

stones, and slope affect the ease of excavating and

grading. Soil strength (as inferred from the engineering

classification of the soil), shrink-swell potential, frost

action potential, and depth to a high water table affect

the traffic-supporting capacity.

Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf

and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established

and maintained. The ratings are based on soil

properties, site features, and observed performance of

the soils. Soil reaction, a high water table, depth to

bedrock or to a cemented pan, the available water

capacity in the upper 40 inches, and the content of

salts, sodium, and sulfidic materials affect plant

growth. Flooding, wetness, slope, stoniness, and

the amount of sand, clay, or organic matter in the

surface layer affect trafficability after vegetation is

established.

Sanitary Facilities

Table 12 shows the degree and kind of soil

limitations that affect septic tank absorption fields,

sewage lagoons, and sanitary landfills. The limitations

are considered slight if soil properties and site features

are generally favorable for the indicated use and

limitations are minor and easily overcome; moderate if

soil properties or site features are not favorable for the

indicated use and special planning, design, or

maintenance is needed to overcome or minimize the

limitations; and severe if soil properties or site features

are so unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that

special design, significant increases in construction

costs, and possibly increased maintenance are

required.

The table also shows the suitability of the soils for

use as daily cover for landfill. A rating of good

indicates that soil properties and site features are

favorable for the use and good performance and low

maintenance can be expected; fair indicates that soil

properties and site features are moderately favorable

for the use and one or more soil properties or site

features make the soil less desirable than the soils

rated good; and poor indicates that one or more soil

properties or site features are unfavorable for the

use and overcoming the unfavorable properties

requires special design, extra maintenance, or costly

alteration.

Septic tank absorption fields are areas in which

effluent from a septic tank is distributed into the soil

through subsurface tiles or perforated pipe. Only that

part of the soil between depths of 24 and 72 inches is

evaluated. The ratings are based on soil properties,

site features, and observed performance of the soils.

Permeability, a high water table, depth to bedrock or to

a cemented pan, and flooding affect absorption of the

effluent. Large stones and bedrock or a cemented pan

interfere with installation.

Unsatisfactory performance of septic tank

absorption fields, including excessively slow

absorption of effluent, surfacing of effluent, and hillside

seepage, can affect public health. Ground water can be

polluted if highly permeable sand and gravel or

fractured bedrock is less than 4 feet below the base of

the absorption field, if slope is excessive, or if the

water table is near the surface. There must be

unsaturated soil material beneath the absorption field

to filter the effluent effectively. Many local ordinances

require that this material be of a certain thickness.

Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to

hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the

solid and liquid wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly

level floor surrounded by cut slopes or embankments

of compacted soil. Lagoons generally are designed to

hold the sewage within a depth of 2 to 5 feet. Nearly

impervious soil material for the lagoon floor and sides

is required to minimize seepage and contamination of

ground water.

The table gives ratings for the natural soil that

makes up the lagoon floor. The surface layer and,

generally, 1 or 2 feet of soil material below the surface

layer are excavated to provide material for the

embankments. The ratings are based on soil
74 Soil Survey

properties, site features, and observed performance of

the soils. Considered in the ratings are slope,

permeability, a high water table, depth to bedrock or to

a cemented pan, flooding, large stones, and content of

organic matter.

Excessive seepage resulting from rapid permeability

in the soil or a water table that is high enough to raise

the level of sewage in the lagoon causes a lagoon to

function unsatisfactorily. Pollution results if seepage is

excessive or if floodwater overtops the lagoon. A high

content of organic matter is detrimental to proper

functioning of the lagoon because it inhibits aerobic

activity. Slope, bedrock, and cemented pans can

cause construction problems, and large stones can

hinder compaction of the lagoon floor.

Sanitary landfills are areas where solid waste is

disposed of by burying it in soil. There are two types of

landfill—trench and area. In a trench landfill, the waste

is placed in a trench. It is spread, compacted, and

covered daily with a thin layer of soil excavated at the

site. In an area landfill, the waste is placed in

successive layers on the surface of the soil. The waste

is spread, compacted, and covered daily with a thin

layer of soil from a source away from the site.

Both types of landfill must be able to bear heavy

vehicular traffic. Both types involve a risk of groundwater pollution. Ease of excavation and revegetation

should be considered.

The ratings in the table are based on soil properties,

site features, and observed performance of the soils.

Permeability, depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, a

high water table, slope, and flooding affect both types

of landfill. Texture, stones and boulders, highly organic

layers, soil reaction, and content of salts and sodium

affect trench landfills. Unless otherwise stated, the

ratings apply only to that part of the soil within a depth

of about 6 feet. For deeper trenches, a limitation rated

slight or moderate may not be valid. Onsite

investigation is needed.

Daily cover for landfill is the soil material that is

used to cover compacted solid waste in an area

sanitary landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite,

transported to the landfill, and spread over the

waste.

Soil texture, wetness, coarse fragments, and slope

affect the ease of removing and spreading the material

during wet and dry periods. Loamy or silty soils that are

free of large stones or excess gravel are the best

cover for a landfill. Clayey soils are sticky or cloddy

and are difficult to spread; sandy soils are subject to

wind erosion.

After soil material has been removed, the soil

material remaining in the borrow area must be thick

enough over bedrock, a fragipan, or the water table to

permit revegetation. The soil material used as the final

cover for a landfill should be suitable for plants. The

surface layer generally has the best workability, more

organic matter, and the best potential for plants.

Material from the surface layer should be stockpiled for

use as the final cover.

Construction Materials

Table 13 gives information about the soils as a

source of roadfill, sand, gravel, and topsoil. The soils

are rated good, fair, or poor as a source of roadfill and

topsoil. They are rated as a probable or improbable

source of sand and gravel. The ratings are based on

soil properties and site features that affect the removal

of the soil and its use as construction material. Normal

compaction, minor processing, and other standard

construction practices are assumed. Each soil is

evaluated to a depth of 5 or 6 feet.

Roadfill is soil material that is excavated in one

place and used in road embankments in another place.

In this table, the soils are rated as a source of roadfill

for low embankments, generally less than 6 feet high

and less exacting in design than higher embankments.

The ratings are for the soil material below the

surface layer to a depth of 5 or 6 feet. It is assumed

that soil layers will be mixed during excavating and

spreading. Many soils have layers of contrasting

suitability within their profile. The table showing

engineering index properties provides detailed

information about each soil layer. This information

can help to determine the suitability of each layer for

use as roadfill. The performance of soil after it is

stabilized with lime or cement is not considered in the

ratings.

The ratings are based on soil properties, site

features, and observed performance of the soils. The

thickness of suitable material is a major consideration.

The ease of excavation is affected by large stones, a

high water table, and slope. How well the soil performs

in place after it has been compacted and drained is

determined by its strength (as inferred from the

engineering classification of the soil) and shrink-swell

potential.

Soils rated good contain significant amounts of sand

or gravel or both. They have at least 5 feet of suitable

material, a low shrink-swell potential, few cobbles and

stones, and slopes of 15 percent or less. Depth to the

water table is more than 3 feet. Soils rated fair are

more than 35 percent silt- and clay-sized particles and

have a plasticity index of less than 10. They have a

moderate shrink-swell potential, slopes of 15 to

25 percent, or many stones. Depth to the water table is

1 to 3 feet. Soils rated poor have a plasticity index of

more than 10, a high shrink-swell potential, many
Jackson County, Tennessee 75

stones, or slopes of more than 25 percent. They are

wet and have a water table at a depth of less than

1 foot. They may have layers of suitable material, but

the material is less than 3 feet thick.

Sand and gravel are natural aggregates suitable for

commercial use with a minimum of processing. They

are used in many kinds of construction. Specifications

for each use vary widely. In the table, only the

probability of finding material in suitable quantity is

evaluated. The suitability of the material for specific

purposes is not evaluated, nor are factors that affect

excavation of the material.

The properties used to evaluate the soil as a source

of sand or gravel are gradation of grain sizes (as

indicated by the engineering classification of the soil),

the thickness of suitable material, and the content of

rock fragments. Kinds of rock, acidity, and stratification

are given in the soil series descriptions. Gradation of

grain sizes is given in the table on engineering index

properties.

A soil rated as a probable source has a layer of

clean sand or gravel or a layer of sand or gravel that is

up to 12 percent silty fines. This material must be at

least 3 feet thick and less than 50 percent, by weight,

large stones. All other soils are rated as an improbable

source. Coarse fragments of soft bedrock, such as

shale and siltstone, are not considered to be sand and

gravel.

Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation

can be established and maintained. The upper

40 inches of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also

evaluated is the reclamation potential of the borrow

area.

Plant growth is affected by toxic material and by

such properties as soil reaction, available water

capacity, and fertility. The ease of excavating, loading,

and spreading is affected by rock fragments, slope, a

water table, soil texture, and thickness of suitable

material. Reclamation of the borrow area is affected by

slope, a water table, rock fragments, bedrock, and

toxic material.

Soils rated good have friable, loamy material to a

depth of at least 40 inches. They are free of stones and

cobbles, have little or no gravel, and have slopes of

less than 8 percent. They are low in content of soluble

salts, are naturally fertile or respond well to fertilizer,

and are not so wet that excavation is difficult.

Soils rated fair are sandy soils, loamy soils that

have a relatively high content of clay, soils that have

only 20 to 40 inches of suitable material, soils that

have an appreciable amount of gravel, stones, or

soluble salts, or soils that have slopes of 8 to

15 percent. The soils are not so wet that excavation

is difficult.

Soils rated poor are very sandy or clayey, have less

than 20 inches of suitable material, have a large

amount of gravel, stones, or soluble salts, have slopes

of more than 15 percent, or have a seasonal high water

table at or near the surface.

The surface layer of most soils is generally

preferred for topsoil because of its organic matter

content. Organic matter greatly increases the

absorption and retention of moisture and nutrients for

plant growth.

Water Management

Table 14 gives information on the soil properties and

site features that affect water management. The degree

and kind of soil limitations are given for pond reservoir

areas; embankments, dikes, and levees; and aquiferfed excavated ponds. The limitations are considered

slight if soil properties and site features are generally

favorable for the indicated use and limitations are

minor and are easily overcome; moderate if soil

properties or site features are not favorable for the

indicated use and special planning, design, or

maintenance is needed to overcome or minimize the

limitations; and severe if soil properties or site features

are so unfavorable or so difficult to overcome that

special design, significant increase in construction

costs, and possibly increased maintenance are

required.

This table also gives for each soil the restrictive

features that affect drainage, irrigation, terraces and

diversions, and grassed waterways.

Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or

embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low

seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The seepage

potential is determined by the permeability of the soil

and the depth to fractured bedrock or other permeable

material. Excessive slope can affect the storage

capacity of the reservoir area.

Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised

structures of soil material, generally less than 20 feet

high, constructed to impound water or to protect land

against overflow. In this table, the soils are rated as a

source of material for embankment fill. The ratings

apply to the soil material below the surface layer to

a depth of about 5 feet. It is assumed that soil layers

will be uniformly mixed and compacted during

construction.

The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural

soil to support an embankment. Soil properties to a

depth even greater than the height of the embankment

can affect performance and safety of the embankment.

Generally, deeper onsite investigation is needed to

determine these properties.
76

Soil material in embankments must be resistant

to seepage, piping, and erosion and have favorable

compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features

include less than 5 feet of suitable material and a

high content of stones or boulders, organic matter,

or salts or sodium. A high water table affects the

amount of usable material. It also affects

trafficability.

Aquifer-fed excavated ponds are pits or dugouts that

extend to a ground-water aquifer or to a depth below a

permanent water table. Excluded are ponds that are fed

only by surface runoff and embankment ponds that

impound water 3 feet or more above the original

surface. Excavated ponds are affected by depth to a

permanent water table, permeability of the aquifer, and

quality of the water as inferred from the salinity of the

soil. Depth to bedrock and the content of large stones

affect the ease of excavation.

Drainage is the removal of excess surface and

subsurface water from the soil. How easily and

effectively the soil is drained depends on the depth to

bedrock, a cemented pan, or other layers that affect

the rate of water movement; permeability; depth to a

high water table or depth of standing water if the soil is

subject to ponding; slope; susceptibility to flooding;

subsidence of organic layers; and the potential for frost

action. Excavating and grading and the stability of

ditchbanks are affected by depth to bedrock or a

cemented pan, large stones, slope, and the hazard of

cutbanks caving. The productivity of the soil after

drainage is adversely affected by extreme acidity or by

toxic substances in the root zone, such as salts,

sodium, and sulfur. Availability of drainage outlets is

not considered in the ratings.

Irrigation is the controlled application of water to

supplement rainfall and support plant growth. The

design and management of an irrigation system are

affected by depth to the water table, the need for

drainage, flooding, available water capacity, intake

rate, permeability, erosion hazard, and slope. The

construction of a system is affected by large stones

and depth to bedrock or a cemented pan. The

performance of a system is affected by the depth of

the root zone, the amount of salts or sodium, and soil

reaction.

Terraces and diversions are embankments or a

combination of channels and ridges constructed across

a slope to control erosion and conserve moisture by

intercepting runoff. Slope, wetness, large stones, and

depth to bedrock or a cemented pan affect the

construction of terraces and diversions. A restricted

rooting depth, a severe hazard of wind erosion or water

erosion, an excessively coarse texture, and restricted

permeability adversely affect maintenance.

Grassed waterways are natural or constructed

channels, generally broad and shallow, that conduct

surface water to outlets at a nonerosive velocity. Large

stones, wetness, slope, and depth to bedrock or a

cemented pan affect the construction of grassed

waterways. A hazard of wind erosion, low available

water capacity, restricted rooting depth, toxic

substances such as salts and sodium, and restricted

permeability adversely affect the growth and

maintenance of the grass after construction.
77

Data relating to soil properties are collected during

the course of the soil survey.

Soil properties are ascertained by field

examination of the soils and by laboratory index

testing of some benchmark soils. Established

standard procedures are followed. During the survey,

many shallow borings are made and examined to

identify and classify the soils and to delineate them

on the soil maps. Samples are taken from some

typical profiles and tested in the laboratory to

determine particle-size distribution, plasticity, and

compaction characteristics.

Estimates of soil properties are based on field

examinations, on laboratory tests of samples from the

survey area, and on laboratory tests of samples of

similar soils in nearby areas. Tests verify field

observations, verify properties that cannot be

estimated accurately by field observation, and help to

characterize key soils.

The estimates of soil properties are shown in

tables. They include engineering index properties,

physical and chemical properties, and pertinent soil

and water features.

Engineering Index Properties

Table 15 gives the engineering classifications and

the range of index properties for the layers of each

soil in the survey area.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Texture is given in the standard terms used by the

U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are

defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and

clay in the fraction of the soil that is less than

2 millimeters in diameter. “Loam,” for example, is soil

that is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and

less than 52 percent sand. If the content of particles

coarser than sand is 15 percent or more, an

appropriate modifier is added, for example, “gravelly.”

Textural terms are defined in the Glossary.

Classification of the soils is determined according

to the Unified soil classification system (ASTM 1998)

and the system adopted by the American Association

of State Highway and Transportation Officials

(AASHTO 1998).

The Unified system classifies soils according to

properties that affect their use as construction

material. Soils are classified according to particle-size

distribution of the fraction less than 3 inches in

diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit,

and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils

are identified as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and

SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH,

and OH; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils

exhibiting engineering properties of two groups can

have a dual classification, for example, CL-ML.

The AASHTO system classifies soils according to

those properties that affect roadway construction and

maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral

soil that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified

in one of seven groups from A-1 through A-7 on the

basis of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and

plasticity index. Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained

and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the other

extreme, soils in group A-7 are fine grained. Highly

organic soils are classified in group A-8 on the basis

of visual inspection.

If laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and

A-7 groups are further classified as A-1-a, A-1-b,

A-2-4, A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an

additional refinement, the suitability of a soil as

subgrade material can be indicated by a group index

number. Group index numbers range from 0 for the

best subgrade material to 20 or higher for the

poorest.

Rock fragments larger than 10 inches in diameter

and 3 to 10 inches in diameter are indicated as a

percentage of the total soil on a dry-weight basis. The

percentages are estimates determined mainly by

converting volume percentage in the field to weight

percentage.

Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated

sieves is the percentage of the soil fraction less than

3 inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight.

The sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA

Soil Properties
78 Soil Survey

Standard Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420,

and 0.074 millimeters, respectively. Estimates are

based on laboratory tests of soils sampled in the

survey area and in nearby areas and on estimates

made in the field.

Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg

limits) indicate the plasticity characteristics of a

soil. The estimates are based on test data from

the survey area or from nearby areas and on field

examination.

The estimates of particle-size distribution, liquid

limit, and plasticity index are generally rounded to the

nearest 5 percent. Thus, if the ranges of gradation

and Atterberg limits extend a marginal amount (1 or 2

percentage points) across classification boundaries,

the classification in the marginal zone is generally

omitted in the table.

Physical Properties

Table 16 shows estimates of some physical

characteristics and features that affect soil behavior.

These estimates are given for the layers of each soil

in the survey area. The estimates are based on field

observations and on test data for these and similar

soils.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Clay as a soil separate consists of mineral soil

particles that are less than 0.002 millimeter in

diameter. In table 16, the estimated clay content of

each soil layer is given as a percentage, by weight, of

the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters in

diameter.

The amount and kind of clay affect the fertility and

physical condition of the soil and the ability of the soil

to adsorb cations and to retain moisture. They

influence shrink-swell potential, permeability,

plasticity, the ease of soil dispersion, and other soil

properties. The amount and kind of clay in a soil also

affect tillage and earthmoving operations.

Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry)

per unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is

at field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture content

at 1/3- or 1/10-bar (33kPa or 10kPa) moisture tension.

Weight is determined after the soil is dried at 105

degrees C. In the table, the estimated moist bulk

density of each soil horizon is expressed in grams

per cubic centimeter of soil material that is less than

2 millimeters in diameter. Bulk density data are used

to compute shrink-swell potential, available water

capacity, total pore space, and other soil properties.

The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore

space available for water and roots. Depending on

soil texture, a bulk density of more than 1.4 can

restrict water storage and root penetration. Moist bulk

density is influenced by texture, kind of clay, content

of organic matter, and soil structure.

Permeability (Ksat ) refers to the ability of a soil to

transmit water or air. The term “permeability,” as used

in soil surveys, indicates saturated hydraulic

conductivity (Ksat ). The estimates in the table indicate

the rate of water movement, in inches per hour, when

the soil is saturated. They are based on soil

characteristics observed in the field, particularly

structure, porosity, and texture. Permeability is

considered in the design of soil drainage systems

and septic tank absorption fields.

Available water capacity refers to the quantity of

water that the soil is capable of storing for use by

plants. The capacity for water storage is given in

inches of water per inch of soil for each soil layer.

The capacity varies, depending on soil properties

that affect retention of water. The most important

properties are the content of organic matter, soil

texture, bulk density, and soil structure. Available

water capacity is an important factor in the choice

of plants or crops to be grown and in the design

and management of irrigation systems. Available

water capacity is not an estimate of the quantity

of water actually available to plants at any given

time.

Linear extensibility refers to the change in length of

an unconfined clod as moisture content is decreased

from a moist to a dry state. It is an expression of the

volume change between the water content of the clod

at 1/3- or 1/10-bar tension (33kPa or 10kPa tension)

and oven dryness. The volume change is reported in

the table as percent change for the whole soil.

Volume change is influenced by the amount and type

of clay minerals in the soil.

Linear extensibility is used to determine the shrinkswell potential of soils. The shrink-swell potential is

low if the soil has a linear extensibility of less than

3 percent; moderate if 3 to 6 percent; high if 6 to 9

percent; and very high if more than 9 percent. If the

linear extensibility is more than 3, shrinking and

swelling can cause damage to buildings, roads, and

other structures and to plant roots. Special design

commonly is needed.

Organic matter is the plant and animal residue

in the soil at various stages of decomposition.

In table 16, the estimated content of organic

matter is expressed as a percentage, by weight,

of the soil material that is less than 2 millimeters

in diameter.
Jackson County, Tennessee 79

The content of organic matter in a soil can be

maintained by returning crop residue to the soil.

Organic matter has a positive effect on available

water capacity, water infiltration, soil organism

activity, and tilth. It is a source of nitrogen and other

nutrients for crops and soil organisms.

Erosion factors are shown in table 16 as the K

factor (Kw and Kf) and the T factor. Erosion factor K

indicates the susceptibility of a soil to sheet and rill

erosion by water. Factor K is one of several factors

used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and

the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) to

predict the average annual rate of soil loss by sheet

and rill erosion in tons per acre per year. The

estimates are based primarily on percentage of silt,

sand, and organic matter and on soil structure and

permeability. Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69.

Other factors being equal, the higher the value, the

more susceptible the soil is to sheet and rill erosion

by water.

Erosion factor Kw indicates the erodibility of the

whole soil. The estimates are modified by the

presence of rock fragments.

Erosion factor Kf indicates the erodibility of

the fine-earth fraction, or the material less than

2 millimeters in size.

Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum

average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water

that can occur without affecting crop productivity over

a sustained period. The rate is in tons per acre per

year.

Chemical Properties

Table 17 shows estimates of some chemical

characteristics and features that affect soil behavior.

These estimates are given for the layers of each soil

in the survey area. The estimates are based on field

observations and on test data for these and similar

soils.

Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each

layer is indicated.

Cation-exchange capacity is the total amount of

extractable bases that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams

of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some other stated

pH value. Soils having a low cation-exchange

capacity hold fewer cations and may require more

frequent applications of fertilizer than soils having a

high cation-exchange capacity. The ability to retain

cations reduces the hazard of ground-water

pollution.

Effective cation-exchange capacity refers to the

sum of extractable bases plus aluminum expressed

in terms of milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil.

It is determined for soils that have pH of less than

5.5.

Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity.

The pH of each soil horizon is based on many field

tests. For many soils, values have been verified by

laboratory analyses. Soil reaction is important in

selecting crops and other plants, in evaluating soil

amendments for fertility and stabilization, and in

determining the risk of corrosion.

Soil Features

Table 18 gives estimates of various soil features.

The estimates are used in land use planning that

involves engineering considerations.

A restrictive layer is a nearly continuous layer

that has one or more physical, chemical, or

thermal properties that significantly impede the

movement of water and air through the soil or

that restrict roots or otherwise provide an

unfavorable root environment. Examples are

bedrock, cemented layers, dense layers, and

frozen layers. Depth to top is the vertical distance

from the soil surface to the upper boundary of the

restrictive layer.

Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced

electrochemical or chemical action that corrodes or

weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of

corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors

as soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity, and

electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of corrosion

of concrete is based mainly on the sulfate and

sodium content, texture, moisture content, and acidity

of the soil. Special site examination and design may

be needed if the combination of factors results in a

severe hazard of corrosion. The steel or concrete in

installations that intersect soil boundaries or soil

layers is more susceptible to corrosion than the steel

or concrete in installations that are entirely within one

kind of soil or within one soil layer.

For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion,

expressed as low, moderate, or high, is based on soil

drainage class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near

field capacity, and electrical conductivity of the

saturation extract.

For concrete, the risk of corrosion also is

expressed as low, moderate, or high. It is based on

soil texture, acidity, and amount of sulfates in the

saturation extract.
80

Water Features

Table 19 gives estimates of various water features.

The estimates are used in land use planning that

involves engineering considerations.

Hydrologic soil groups are based on estimates of

runoff potential. Soils are assigned to one of four

groups according to the rate of water infiltration when

the soils are not protected by vegetation, are

thoroughly wet, and receive precipitation from longduration storms.

The four hydrologic soil groups are:

Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low

runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist

mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained

sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate

of water transmission.

Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate

when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of

moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or

well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to

moderately coarse texture. These soils have a

moderate rate of water transmission.

Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate

when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils

having a layer that impedes the downward movement

of water or soils of moderately fine texture or fine

texture. These soils have a slow rate of water

transmission.

Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate

(high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These

consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell

potential, soils that have a high water table, soils that

have a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface,

and soils that are shallow over nearly impervious

material. These soils have a very slow rate of water

transmission.

The months in the table indicate the portion of the

year in which the feature is most likely to be a

concern.

Water table refers to a saturated zone in the soil.

Table 19 indicates, by month, depth to the top (upper

limit) and base (lower limit) of the saturated zone in

most years. Estimates of the upper and lower limits

are based mainly on observations of the water table

at selected sites and on evidence of a saturated

zone, namely grayish colors or mottles

(redoximorphic features) in the soil. A saturated zone

that lasts for less than a month is not considered a

water table.

Flooding is the temporary inundation of an area

caused by overflowing streams, by runoff from

adjacent slopes, or by tides. Water standing for short

periods after rainfall or snowmelt is not considered

flooding, and water standing in swamps and marshes

is considered ponding rather than flooding.

Duration and frequency are estimated. Duration is

expressed as extremely brief if 0.1 hour to 4 hours,

very brief if 4 hours to 2 days, brief if 2 to 7 days, long

if 7 to 30 days, and very long if more than 30 days.

Frequency is expressed as none, very rare, rare,

occasional, frequent, and very frequent. None means

that flooding is not probable; very rare that it is very

unlikely but possible under extremely unusual

weather conditions (the chance of flooding is less

than 1 percent in any year); rare that it is unlikely but

possible under unusual weather conditions (the

chance of flooding is 1 to 5 percent in any year);

occasional that it occurs infrequently under normal

weather conditions (the chance of flooding is 5 to 50

percent in any year); frequent that it is likely to occur

often under normal weather conditions (the chance of

flooding is more than 50 percent in any year but is

less than 50 percent in all months in any year); and

very frequent that it is likely to occur very often

under normal weather conditions (the chance of

flooding is more than 50 percent in all months of any

year).

The information is based on evidence in the soil

profile, namely thin strata of gravel, sand, silt, or clay

deposited by floodwater; irregular decrease in

organic matter content with increasing depth; and

little or no horizon development.

Also considered are local information about the

extent and levels of flooding and the relation of each

soil on the landscape to historic floods. Information

on the extent of flooding based on soil data is less

specific than that provided by detailed engineering

surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific

flood frequency levels.
81

The system of soil classification used by the

National Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories

(USDA 1998 and 1999). Beginning with the broadest,

these categories are the order, suborder, great group,

subgroup, family, and series. Classification is based on

soil properties observed in the field or inferred from

those observations or from laboratory measurements.

Table 20 shows the classification of the soils in the

survey area. The categories are defined in the

following paragraphs.

ORDER. Twelve soil orders are recognized. The

differences among orders reflect the dominant soilforming processes and the degree of soil formation.

Each order is identified by a word ending in sol. An

example is Alfisol.

SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders

primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil

genesis and are important to plant growth or

properties that reflect the most important variables

within the orders. The last syllable in the name of a

suborder indicates the order. An example is Udalf (Ud,

meaning humid, plus alf, from Alfisol).

GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into

great groups on the basis of close similarities in kind,

arrangement, and degree of development of

pedogenic horizons; soil moisture and temperature

regimes; type of saturation; and base status. Each

great group is identified by the name of a suborder

and by a prefix that indicates a property of the soil. An

example is Hapludalfs (Hapl, meaning minimal

horizonation, plus udalf, the suborder of the Alfisols

that has a udic moisture regime).

SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic

subgroup. Other subgroups are intergrades or

extragrades. The typic subgroup is the central concept

of the great group; it is not necessarily the most

extensive. Intergrades are transitions to other orders,

suborders, or great groups. Extragrades have some

properties that are not representative of the great

group but do not indicate transitions to any other

taxonomic class. Each subgroup is identified by one or

more adjectives preceding the name of the great

group. The adjective Typic identifies the subgroup that

typifies the great group. An example is Typic

Hapludalfs.

FAMILY. Families are established within a

subgroup on the basis of physical and chemical

properties and other characteristics that affect

management. Generally, the properties are those of

horizons below plow depth where there is much

biological activity. Among the properties and

characteristics considered are particle size, mineral

content, soil temperature regime, soil depth, and

reaction. A family name consists of the name of a

subgroup preceded by terms that indicate soil

properties. An example is fine, mixed, semiactive,

thermic Typic Hapludalfs.

SERIES. The series consists of soils within a

family that have horizons similar in color, texture,

structure, reaction, consistence, mineral and chemical

composition, and arrangement in the profile.

Soil Series and Their Morphology

In this section, each soil series recognized in the

survey area is described. Characteristics of the soil

and the material in which it formed are identified for

each series. A pedon, a small three-dimensional area

of soil, that is typical of the series in the survey area is

described. The detailed description of each soil

horizon follows standards in the “Soil Survey Manual”

(USDA 1993). Many of the technical terms used in the

descriptions are defined in “Soil Taxonomy” (USDA

1999) and in “Keys to Soil Taxonomy” (USDA 1998).

Unless otherwise indicated, colors in the descriptions

are for moist soil. Following the pedon description is

the range of important characteristics of the soils in

the series.

Armour Series

The Armour series consists of very deep, well

drained soils on stream terraces along the

Cumberland River and its major tributaries. These

soils formed in alluvium or valley fill. Slopes range

from 2 to 12 percent.

A typical pedon of Armour silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes; 1 mile east of the intersection of Tennessee

Highway 53 and Tennessee Highway 135; about

125 feet north of Tennessee Highway 135; in the

Classification of the Soils
82 Soil Survey

Roaring River Recreation Area, in a pasture; USGS

Dodson Branch quadrangle.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam;

common fine distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3)

mottles; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

many fine and very fine and few coarse and very

coarse roots; few rounded quartz pebbles;

moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.

BA—9 to 13 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silt loam; common fine and medium distinct pale

brown (10YR 6/3) mottles; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; very friable; common

fine and very fine and few coarse and very coarse

roots; few rounded quartz pebbles; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—13 to 18 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine and very

fine and few coarse and very coarse roots; many

fine and very fine pores; common faint dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) clay films on faces of

peds and in pores; few fine black manganese

concretions; few rounded quartz pebbles;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—18 to 23 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6)

silty clay loam; few fine distinct light yellowish

brown (10YR 6/4) mottles; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

and very fine and few coarse and very coarse

roots; many fine and very fine pores; common

distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6) clay films

on faces of peds and in pores; many fine black

manganese concretions; few rounded quartz

pebbles; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt3—23 to 41 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty

clay loam; common fine distinct brownish yellow

(10YR 6/6) and common fine prominent yellowish

red (5YR 5/8) and light yellowish brown (10YR

6/4) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine and very fine roots;

many fine and very fine and few coarse pores;

common faint strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay films

on faces of peds and in pores; many fine black

manganese concretions; few rounded quartz

pebbles; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt4—41 to 80 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty

clay loam; common fine and medium distinct

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and common fine and

medium strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and reddish

yellow (5YR 5/6) mottles; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots;

many fine and very fine and few coarse pores;

common faint strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay films

on faces of peds and in pores; approximately

10 percent, by volume, angular chert fragments

and rounded quartz pebbles; many fine black

manganese concretions and nodules; strongly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

The depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches. The

content of rounded pebbles or chert fragments ranges

from 0 to 10 percent in the A and Bt horizons and from

0 to 35 percent in the C horizon, if it occurs.

Reaction is moderately acid or strongly acid, except

where lime has been added.

The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4, and

chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is silt loam.

Some pedons have a transitional horizon between

the Ap and Bt horizons.

The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of

4 or 5, and chroma of 4 or 6. Texture is silty clay loam

or silt loam. In some pedons this horizon has few or

common mottles in shades of brown, yellow, and red.

Some pedons have a C horizon below a depth of

60 inches. The horizon has colors and textures similar

to those of the Bt horizon.

Arrington Series

The Arrington series consists of very deep, well

drained soils on flood plains along the Cumberland

River and its major tributaries. These soils formed in

silty alluvium. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent.

A typical pedon of Arrington silt loam, occasionally

flooded; 7.5 miles northwest of the intersection of

State Highway 56 and State Highway 85; about 4.9

miles west of the intersection of State Highway 135

and State Highway 56; about 0.1 mile south of the

intersection of State Highway 56 and Hunting Creek

Road; 433 feet east of Hunting Creek Road, in a

hayfield; USGS Whitleyville quadrangle.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam;

weak medium granular structure; very friable;

many fine and very fine roots; approximately 5

percent, by volume, angular fragments of chert;

slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

A—10 to 37 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam;

common fine and medium faint brown (10YR 4/3)

mottles; moderate medium granular structure; very

friable; many fine roots; few fine pores; slightly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw—37 to 55 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; many fine and medium distinct

brown (10YR 4/3) and few fine faint yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) mottles; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

and very fine roots; common fine and very fine

pores; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Jackson County, Tennessee 83

C—55 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; massive; friable; few fine black manganese

concretions; slightly acid.

The depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches.

Reaction is slightly acid or neutral. The content of

coarse fragments ranges from 0 to 5 percent in the A

and Bw horizons and from 0 to 15 percent in the C

horizon.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR and value and

chroma of 3. Texture is silt loam.

The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR and value and

chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam.

The C horizon, if it occurs, has hue of 10YR, value

of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silt loam or

silty clay loam.

Barfield Series

The Barfield series consists of shallow, well drained

soils on hillsides on uplands in the outer part of the

Central Basin region. These soils formed in limestone

residuum. Slopes range from 5 to 70 percent.

A typical pedon of Barfield silty clay, in an area of

Barfield-Gladdice-Rock outcrop complex, 20 to 70

percent slopes; 0.5 mile southeast of Gladdice on

Smith Bend Road; 1,075 feet northeast of Smith Bend

Road, on a hillside in a wooded area.

A—0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2)

silty clay; moderate fine and medium granular

structure; friable; many fine and coarse roots;

approximately 10 percent thin limestone channers

and a few flagstones; slightly acid; gradual smooth

boundary.

Bw1—4 to 11 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay;

common fine and medium faint brown (10YR 4/3)

mottles; moderate medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; firm; common fine and coarse

roots; approximately 5 percent thin limestone

channers; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2—11 to 18 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay;

common fine and medium distinct dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/4) and brown (10YR 4/6) mottles;

moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; firm; few fine and medium roots;

approximately 5 percent thin limestone channers;

neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

R—18 inches; limestone bedrock.

The depth to limestone bedrock ranges from 8 to

20 inches. The content of channers and flagstones of

limestone and chert fragments ranges from 0 to 15

percent in the A horizon and from 5 to 25 percent in

the Bw horizon. Reaction is slightly acid or neutral

throughout the profile.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3, and

chroma of 2 or 3. Texture is silty clay loam or silty clay.

The Bw horizon dominantly has hue of 10YR and

value and chroma of 3. In some pedons the lower part

of the Bw horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4, and

chroma of 3. The number of mottles in shades of

brown, yellow, red, olive, and gray ranges from none to

common in the lower part of the Bw horizon. Texture of

the Bw horizon is silty clay or clay.

The BC or C horizon, if it occurs, has hue of 10YR

or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. The

number of mottles in shades of brown, yellow, and

gray ranges from few to many. Texture is silty clay or

clay.

The R layer is hard limestone bedrock.

Bewleyville Series

The Bewleyville series consists of very deep, well

drained soils on broad upland flats and ridgetops of

the Highland Rim region. These soils formed in a silty

mantle and the underlying clayey alluvium. Slopes

range from 2 to 12 percent.

A typical pedon of Bewleyville silt loam, 2 to

5 percent slopes, eroded; 0.7 mile east of the

intersection of Dodson Branch Road and Willis Martin

Road; 0.4 mile east of the intersection of Dodson

Branch Road and Smith Chapel Road; 0.1 mile east of

the intersection of Dodson Branch Road and Norman

Mayberry Road; 1,691 feet south of Dodson Branch

Road, in a field; USGS Windle quadrangle.

Ap—0 to 6 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; few medium prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) and yellowish red (5YR 5/6) mottles;

weak fine granular structure; very friable; many

very fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt1—6 to 26 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty

clay loam; few medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/6)

mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine roots; few faint

strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay films on faces of

peds; common fine black manganese concretions;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt2—26 to 45 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; few

medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and

reddish brown (5YR 5/3) mottles; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few

very fine roots; few fine distinct dark red (2.5YR

3/6) clay films on faces of peds; common fine

black manganese concretions; strongly acid;

gradual smooth boundary.

2Bt3—45 to 80 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) clay; many

medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and
84 Soil Survey

many medium prominent pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2)

and reddish brown (5YR 5/3) mottles; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few

fine distinct red (2.5YR 4/6) clay films on faces of

peds; strongly acid.

Depth to limestone bedrock is more than 6 feet.

Reaction is moderately acid or strongly acid, except

where lime has been added.

The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5,

and chroma of 3 or 4. It is mottled in shades of brown

and red in some pedons. Texture is silt loam.

The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 5YR, or 2.5YR,

value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 6 or 8. It is mottled in

shades of brown and red. Texture is silty clay loam.

The 2Bt horizon has hue of 2.5YR or 10R, value of

4, and chroma of 6 or 8. It is mottled in shades of

brown and gray. Texture is clay.

Christian Series

The Christian Series consists of very deep, well

drained soils on uplands of the Highland Rim region.

These soils formed in fine textured residuum derived

from interbedded limestone, sandstone, siltstone, and

shale. Slopes range from 2 to 20 percent.

A typical pedon of Christian silt loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes, eroded; 0.7 mile south of the

intersection of Cummins Mill Road and Lester Fox

Road; 0.2 mile south of the intersection of Lester Fox

Road and Montgomery Road; 0.6 mile northeast of the

intersection of Lester Fox Road and State Highway

290; about 164 feet west of Lester Fox Road, in a

pasture; USGS Cookeville West quadrangle.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR

5/6) mottles; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots; moderately

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—7 to 17 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) silty clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; few very fine roots; common

prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay films on

faces of peds; strongly acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Bt2—17 to 42 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) silty

clay; many medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8),

very pale brown (10YR 8/3), and brownish yellow

(10YR 6/8) mottles; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; common

fine pores; common distinct yellowish red (5YR

4/6) clay films on faces of peds; approximately

10 percent angular fragments of chert; strongly

acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3—42 to 55 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) silty clay;

common medium prominent very pale brown

(10YR 8/3), common medium distinct brownish

yellow (10YR 5/8), and common medium distinct

dark red (2.5YR 3/6) mottles; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; very firm, moderately

sticky, moderately plastic; few very fine roots;

common prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) clay films on

faces of peds; approximately 10 percent angular

fragments of chert; very strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt4—55 to 61 inches; 35 percent yellow (10YR 7/8),

35 percent yellowish red (5YR 5/8), and 30

percent red (2.5YR 4/6) silty clay; moderate

medium subangular blocky structure; very firm,

moderately sticky, moderately plastic; few very fine

roots; approximately 5 percent angular fragments

of chert; very strongly acid.

BC—61 to 80 inches; mottled 35 percent red (2.5YR

4/6), 35 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), and

30 percent reddish yellow (5YR 5/8) silty clay;

weak coarse subangular and angular blocky

structure; very firm, moderately sticky, moderately

plastic; approximately 5 percent angular fragments

of chert; very strongly acid.

The depth to bedrock ranges from 40 to more than

80 inches. The content of fragments ranges from 0 to

about 10 percent in the A horizon and from 0 to

30 percent in the B and C horizons. Reaction is

strongly acid or very strongly acid.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR,

value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silt

loam.

The Bt horizon has hue of 5YR or 2.5YR, value of 4

or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8. It is mottled in shades of

brown, red, or yellow. The number of mottles ranges

from none to common. In some pedons this horizon

does not have a dominant matrix color but has an

evenly mottled pattern. Texture dominantly is silty clay,

clay, or the gravelly analogs of those textures.

The BC or C horizon, if it occurs, has colors and

textures similar to those of the Bt horizon.

Dellrose Series

The Dellrose series consists of very deep, well

drained soils on hillsides, footslopes, and benches in

the Central Basin region. These soils formed in

gravelly colluvium. Slopes range from 5 to 60 percent.

A typical pedon of Dellrose gravelly silt loam, 20 to

45 percent slopes; 3.9 miles northwest of Whitleyville

on State Highway 56; about 250 feet south of State

Highway 56, on a hillside in a pasture; USGS

Whitleyville quadrangle.
Jackson County, Tennessee 85

A—0 to 6 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) gravelly silt

loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

many fine roots; approximately 20 percent angular

fragments of chert; moderately acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

BA—6 to 15 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly silty

clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; many fine roots; approximately

20 percent angular fragments of chert; moderately

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt1—15 to 35 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

gravelly silty clay loam; moderate medium and

coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few

fine roots; common distinct dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/6) clay films on faces of peds, coating

fragments, and in pores; approximately 35 percent

angular fragments of chert and a few cobbles;

moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2—35 to 52 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

gravelly silty clay loam; moderate medium and

coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many

distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) clay films

on faces of peds, coating fragments, and in pores;

approximately 30 percent fragments of chert and a

few cobbles; moderately acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt3—52 to 63 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

very gravelly silty clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; firm; few distinct dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) clay films on faces of

peds; approximately 50 percent angular fragments

of chert; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

2Bt4—63 to 80 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/6) silty clay; common medium distinct dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and common medium

faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; strong

coarse subangular blocky structure; approximately

10 percent angular fragments of chert; moderately

acid.

The depth to rock is more than 60 inches. The

content of fragments ranges from 15 to 35 percent in

the A horizon and the upper part of the Bt horizon,

from 35 to 50 percent in the lower part of the Bt

horizon, and from 0 to 15 percent in the 2Bt horizon.

Channers of weathered shale are in some pedons.

Reaction is strongly acid or moderately acid, except

where lime has been added.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of

3 or 4, and chroma of 2 to 4. The texture of the fineearth fraction is silt loam.

The Bt horizon and BA horizon, if it occurs, have

hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of

4 to 8. Some pedons have few to common mottles in

shades of brown, yellow, and red. Texture of the fineearth fraction is silt loam or silty clay loam.

The 2Bt horizon has the same colors as those of

the Bt horizon. Texture is silty clay, clay, or silty clay

loam.

Dickson Series

The Dickson series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained soils on undulating uplands in

the Highland Rim region. These soils formed in a silty

mantle and the underlying limestone residuum. They

have a fragipan in the subsoil. Slopes range from 2 to

8 percent.

A typical pedon of Dickson silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded; 1.0 mile northeast of the intersection

of Blue Ridge Road and Step Rock Hill Road; 0.6 mile

north of the intersection of Hardscrabble Road and

Step Rock Hill Road; 0.4 mile northwest of the

intersection of Zenith Allen Road and Step Rock Hill

Road; 0.3 mile northwest of the intersection of Phillips

Ridge Road and Step Rock Hill Road; 156 feet east of

Phillips Ridge Road, in a field; USGS Dodson Branch

quadrangle.

Ap—0 to 11 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt

loam; few fine faint olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) mottles;

weak fine granular structure; very friable; many

fine and very fine roots; approximately 5 percent

angular fragments of chert; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bt—11 to 22 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine and very fine roots; few

faint light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) clay films on faces

of peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/8) and common medium prominent

strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) iron concentrations;

moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

B/E—22 to 25 inches; B part (60 percent of horizon):

light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silty clay loam;

moderate medium subangular blocky structure;

firm; E part (remaining 40 precent): light gray

(10YR 7/2), brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), and light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam; weak fine

subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine

roots; common fine black manganese concretions;

brittle in approximately 40 percent of the mass;

strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Btx—25 to 51 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 6/6) silty

clay loam; common medium distinct light yellowish

brown (10YR 6/4) and common medium

prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; weak

very coarse prismatic structure parting to
86 Soil Survey

moderate medium subangular blocky; very firm;

few very fine roots in vertical seams; few distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay films on faces of

prisms along vertical seams; common light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and light gray (10YR

7/1) iron and clay depletions in vertical seams

between prisms; common fine black manganese

concretions; brittle in approximately 75 percent of

the mass; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

2Bt—51 to 66 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) gravelly clay;

moderate medium angular and subangular blocky

structure; firm; common distinct red (10R 4/6) clay

films on faces of peds; approximately 35 percent

angular fragments of chert; strongly acid.

The depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet. Depth to

the fragipan ranges from 20 to 36 inches. The content

of coarse fragments ranges from 0 to 10 percent in the

lower part of the Btx horizon and from 0 to 35 percent

in the 2Bt horizon. Reaction is strongly acid or

moderately acid, except where lime has been added.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or

5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silt loam.

The Bt or Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y,

value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 or 6. Texture is silt

loam or silty clay loam.

In the B/E horizon, the B part has hue of 2.5Y or

10YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 or 6. Texture is

silt loam or silty clay loam. The E part has hue of

10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 or less. Texture

is silt loam.

The Btx horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4

to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. The number of redox

features, such as iron and clay depletions, silt

coatings, and iron concentrations, ranges from

common to many. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam.

The 2Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 5YR, or 2.5YR,

value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8. The number of

iron depletions and concentrations is few or common

in the upper part of the horizon. The texture of the fineearth fraction in the horizon is silty clay loam, silty clay,

or clay.

Gladdice Series

The Gladdice series consists of moderately deep,

well drained soils on upland hillsides in the outer part

of the Central Basin region. These soils formed in

residuum weathered from limestone. Slopes range

from 15 to 45 percent.

A typical pedon of Gladdice silty clay loam, in an

area of Barfield-Gladdice-Rock outcrop complex, 20 to

70 percent slopes; 0.8 mile east of the intersection of

State Highway 85 and State Highway 262 at Highland;

400 feet south of State Highway 85, in a pasture;

USGS Granville quadrangle.

A—0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam;

weak fine and medium granular structure; very

friable; many fine and medium roots;

approximately 5 percent limestone channers;

slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1—6 to 13 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; firm; many fine roots; few distinct

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) clay films on

faces of peds; approximately 5 percent limestone

channers; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt2—13 to 18 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

clay; strong medium subangular and angular

blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many distinct

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) clay films on

faces of peds; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary.

Btss3—18 to 27 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

clay; many fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8

and 5/4) mottles; strong coarse and very coarse

subangular and angular blocky structure; very

firm; few fine roots; few prominent dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/6) nonintersecting slickensides

and pressure faces; many prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds;

many fine black manganese concretions and

nodules; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

C—27 to 30 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay;

many fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and many fine

distinct olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) mottles; massive;

very firm; many fine black manganese concretions

and nodules; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

R—30 inches; hard limestone bedrock.

The depth to bedrock ranges from 20 to 40 inches.

The content of channers and flagstones of limestone

and chert ranges from 0 to 15 percent in all horizons.

Reaction is slightly acid or neutral.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4, and

chroma of 2 to 4. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam.

The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6,

and chroma of 3 to 6. In some pedons the lower part

of this horizon is mottled in shades of brown, yellow,

olive, and gray. The number of pressure faces and

slickensides ranges from none to common. Texture is

silty clay, clay, and silty clay loam.

The BC and C horizons, if they occur, have hue of

10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 or 6.

The number of mottles in shades of brown, olive,

yellow, and gray ranges from none to common. Texture

is clay or silty clay.

The R layer is hard limestone bedrock.
Jackson County, Tennessee 87

Hawthorne Series

The Hawthorne series consists of moderately deep,

somewhat excessively drained soils on narrow, rolling

ridgetops and steep, extremely dissected hillsides of

the Highland Rim region. These soils formed in

residuum derived from interbedded siltstone and

limestone. Slopes range from 5 to 70 percent.

A typical pedon of Hawthorne gravelly silt loam, 5 to

20 percent slopes; 3.8 miles north of the intersection

of State Highway 56 and State Highway 135 at

Whitleyville; 1,800 feet southeast of State Highway

135, on a narrow ridgetop in a wooded area; USGS

Whitleyville quadrangle.

A—0 to 2 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly silt loam;

weak fine granular structure; very friable; many

fine and medium and common coarse roots; many

very fine and fine pores; approximately 20 percent

angular fragments of chert and highly weathered

siltstone channers; moderately acid; abrupt

smooth boundary.

E—2 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly silt loam;

weak medium granular structure; friable; many fine

and medium and common coarse roots; many

very fine and fine pores; approximately 20 percent

angular fragments of chert and siltstone channers;

strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bw1—4 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very

channery silt loam; few fine distinct brownish

yellow (10YR 6/6) and few fine distinct pale brown

(10YR 6/3) mottles; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium

and few coarse roots; common fine pores;

approximately 40 percent siltstone channers and

angular fragments of chert; very strongly acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Bw2—12 to 23 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

very channery silt loam; few medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and few fine faint

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak fine and

medium platy structure; friable; few fine and

medium roots between and surrounding channers

and angular fragments of chert; common fine

pores; approximately 60 percent siltstone

channers and angular fragments of chert; very

strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Cr—23 inches; alternating strata of highly weathered

siltstone, thin seams of silty clay loam soil

material, and hard, fractured chert beds less than

3 inches thick.

Depth to weathered bedrock commonly ranges

between 20 and 30 inches but can extend to

40 inches. Hard bedrock is at a depth of more than

40 inches. The content of coarse fragments of angular

chert and siltstone channers ranges from 15 to 35

percent in the A and E horizons and from 35 to 60

percent in the Bw and C horizons. Reaction ranges

from extremely acid to strongly acid.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5,

and chroma of 2 to 4. Texture of the fine-earth fraction

is silt loam.

The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 5 or 6,

and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture of the fine-earth fraction

is silt loam.

The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR and

value and chroma of 4 or 6. The number of mottles in

shades of yellow, brown, or red ranges from none to

common. Texture of the fine-earth fraction is silt loam

or silty clay loam.

The C horizon, if it occurs, has the same colors and

textures as those in the Bw horizon.

The Cr horizon is a mixture of interbedded highly

weathered siltstone and hard, highly fractured chert

interlayered with silty clay loam soil material. This

horizon is highly variable in composition.

Holston Series

The Holston series consists of very deep, well

drained soils on stream terraces along the

Cumberland River. These soils formed in loamy

alluvium or colluvium. Slopes range from 2 to

20 percent.

A typical pedon of Holston loam, 5 to 12 percent

slopes, eroded; 2.6 miles northwest of the intersection

of State Highway 262 and State Highway 53; about

1.3 miles northwest of the intersection of State

Highway 262 and Free State Road; 1,000 feet west of

Free State Road, in a cleared field; USGS Whitleyville

quadrangle.

Ap—0 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; few fine

and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6)

mottles; weak fine and medium granular structure;

very friable; many fine roots; strongly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

AB—4 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam;

common fine and medium prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium granular

structure; very friable; few fine roots; few rounded

quartz pebbles; strongly acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt1—9 to 17 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; common fine

pores; many faint strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay

films on faces of peds; few rounded quartz

pebbles; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
88 Soil Survey

Bt2—17 to 37 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay

loam; many fine and medium distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) and common fine and medium distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; weak medium

and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable;

few fine roots; common fine pores; many faint

strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay films on faces of

peds; many fine black manganese concretions

and nodules; few rounded quartz pebbles; strongly

acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt3—37 to 80 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay

loam; common fine and medium prominent

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and few medium

prominent light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) mottles;

weak medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; friable; common medium and coarse

pores; many distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) clay

films on faces of peds; many fine black

manganese concretions and nodules; few rounded

quartz pebbles; strongly acid.

The depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches. The

content of fragments ranges from 0 to 15 percent

throughout the profile. Reaction is very strongly acid or

strongly acid, except where lime has been added.

The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5,

and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is loam.

Some pedons have a transitional horizon between

the A and Bt horizons.

The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of

4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. The number of mottles in

shades of brown and red ranges from none to

common. Texture dominantly is clay loam or loam, but

in some rare instances, it includes sandy clay loam.

Humphreys Series

The Humphreys series consists of very deep, well

drained soils on stream terraces and footslopes along

tributaries of the Cumberland River. These soils

formed in gravelly alluvium and colluvium. Slopes

range from 2 to 12 percent.

A typical pedon of Humphreys gravelly silt loam, 5

to 12 percent slopes; 2.8 miles northwest of the

intersection of State Highway 56 and Hunting Creek

Road; 1.8 miles north of the intersection of State

Highway 56 and Crabtree Creek Road; 500 feet west

of Crabtree Creek Road, in a pasture; USGS Willette

quadrangle.

Ap—0 to 5 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4)

gravelly silt loam; weak medium granular structure;

very friable; many fine and very fine roots;

approximately 15 percent fragments of chert,

shale, and sandstone; moderately acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

BA—5 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly silty

clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; many fine and very fine roots;

approximately 25 percent fragments of chert,

shale, and sandstone; moderately acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt1—17 to 35 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

gravelly clay loam; moderate fine and medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine

and very fine roots; many fine and medium and

few coarse pores; common distinct dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/6) clay films on faces of peds and

coating fragments; approximately 35 percent

fragments of chert, shale, and sandstone;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2—35 to 55 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

gravelly silty clay loam; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and

very fine roots; many fine and medium and few

coarse pores; common distinct dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/6) clay films on faces of peds;

approximately 30 percent fragments of chert,

shale, and sandstone; strongly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

C—55 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) very

gravelly silty clay loam; massive; very friable;

approximately 60 percent fragments of chert,

shale, and sandstone; strongly acid.

The depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches.

The content of coarse fragments ranges from 15 to

35 percent in the A and Bt horizons and from 15 to

60 percent in the C horizon. Reaction ranges from

very strongly acid to moderately acid, except where

lime has been added.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3, and

chroma of 3 or 4. Many Ap horizons have hue of

10YR, value of 4, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture of the

fine-earth fraction is silt loam or loam.

Many pedons have a transitional horizon between

the A and Bt horizons.

The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of

4 or 5, and chroma of 4 or 6. In some pedons the

lower part of this horizon below a depth of 40 inches

has redox features in shades of brown or gray. Texture

of the fine-earth fraction is silty clay loam, loam, or

clay loam.

The C horizon has the same range of colors as that

in the Bt horizon. Texture of the fine-earth fraction is

silty clay loam, clay loam, or silt loam.
Jackson County, Tennessee 89

Lindside Series

The Lindside series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained soils on flood plains along the

Cumberland River and its major tributaries. These

soils formed in silty alluvium. Slopes range from 0 to

3 percent.

A typical pedon of Lindside silt loam, occasionally

flooded; 0.3 mile north of the intersection of Holleman

Bend Road and State Highway 53; about 1.9 miles

south of the intersection of Holleman Bend Road and

Billy Carter Road; 1.9 miles south of the intersection of

Holleman Bend Road and N.B. Huff Road; 348 feet

west of Holleman Bend Road, in a field; USGS

Granville quadrangle.

Ap—0 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak

medium granular structure; friable; many very fine

roots; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw1—12 to 26 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) silty clay loam; common fine faint brown

(10YR 4/3) mottles; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; common fine and very

fine roots; common medium distinct light brownish

gray (10YR 6/2) clay depletions and iron

depletions (redox features) and common medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron

accumulations; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2—26 to 39 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay

loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine and very fine roots; few

fine black manganese concretions and nodules

with diffuse edges; many medium and coarse

distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay

depletions and iron depletions (redox features)

and common medium distinct yellowish brown

(10YR 5/6) iron accumulations; neutral; gradual

wavy boundary.

BC—39 to 65 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam with thin strata of silt loam;

moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky

structure; few fine black manganese concretions

with diffuse edges; many coarse distinct light

brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay depletions and iron

depletions (redox features) and common medium

distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and strong

brown (7.5YR 5/8) iron accumulations; friable;

neutral.

The depth to limestone bedrock is more than

60 inches. Reaction is slightly acid or neutral.

The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5,

and chroma of 3. Texture is silt loam, silty clay loam, or

loam.

The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5,

and chroma of 3 or 4. Redox features are in shades of

brown, gray, and yellow. Texture is silt loam or silty clay

loam.

The Bg horizon, if it occurs, has hue of 10YR, value

of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 or less. Redox features are

in shades of gray, brown, and yellow. Texture is silt

loam or silty clay loam.

The BC and BCg horizons, if they occur, have the

same colors and textures as those in the Bw and Bg

horizons.

Mimosa Series

The Mimosa series consists of deep, well drained

soils on upland hillsides and footslopes in the outer

part of the Central Basin region. These soils formed in

fine textured limestone residuum. Slopes range from 2

to 20 percent.

A typical pedon of Mimosa silty clay loam, 5 to

12 percent slopes, eroded; 2.3 miles west of

Gainesboro on State Highway 53; about 1.9 miles

west of the intersection of State Highway 53 and State

Highway 262; 300 feet north of State Highway 262, on

a wooded side slope; USGS Gainsboro quadrangle.

A—0 to 5 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silty clay

loam; weak fine granular structure; friable; many

fine and few medium roots; slightly acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

BA—5 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam;

common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/6) mottles; weak fine and medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; many fine and few

medium roots; moderately acid; abrupt smooth

boundary.

Bt1—9 to 17 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

clay; strong coarse and very coarse subangular

blocky structure; firm, moderately sticky,

moderately plastic; few fine roots; many distinct

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) clay films on

faces of peds; many fine black manganese

concretions and nodules; strongly acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

Btss2—17 to 31 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

clay; strong coarse and very coarse subangular

blocky structure; very firm, very sticky, very plastic;

few fine roots; few prominent nonintersecting

slickensides and pressure faces; many prominent

dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) clay films on

faces of peds; many fine black manganese

concretions and nodules; moderately acid; gradual

smooth boundary.
90 Soil Survey

Bt3—31 to 42 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay;

many medium distinct brown (10YR 5/3), many

medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), and

many medium prominent light olive brown (2.5Y

5/4) mottles; strong coarse subangular blocky

structure; very firm, very sticky, very plastic; many

distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) clay films

on faces of peds; many fine black manganese

concretions and nodules; neutral; abrupt smooth

boundary.

R—42 inches; limestone bedrock.

The depth to bedrock ranges from 40 to 60 inches.

The content of coarse fragments ranges from 0 to

20 percent in the A horizon and from 0 to 5 percent in

the Bt horizon. Reaction ranges from very strongly

acid to moderately acid, except where lime has been

added. Reaction in the layer directly above the

bedrock ranges from moderately acid to neutral.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR and value

and chroma of 3 or 4. If value and chroma are 3, the

surface horizon is less than 7 inches thick. Texture is

silt loam or silty clay loam.

The BA horizon, if it occurs, has hue of 10YR, value

of 4, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silty clay loam.

The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of

4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8. In some pedons the

lower part of this horizon has mottles in shades of

brown, yellow, and olive. Texture is clay or silty clay.

The BC and C horizons, if they occur, have hue of

10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5, and chroma of 4 or 6. They

have mottles in shades of brown, gray, and yellow.

Texture is clay or silty clay.

The R layer is hard limestone bedrock.

Minter Series

The Minter series consists of deep, poorly drained

soils on the flood plain along the Cumberland River.

These soils formed in fine textured alluvium. Slopes

range from 0 to 2 percent.

A typical pedon of Minter silt loam, occasionally

flooded; 0.9 mile north of the intersection of Holleman

Bend Road and State Highway 53; about 1.4 miles

south of the intersection of Holleman Bend Road and

Billy Carter Road; 1.4 miles south of the intersection of

Holleman Bend Road and N.B. Huff Road, in a

wooded area; USGS Granville quadrangle.

A—0 to 7 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) silt

loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

many fine roots; moderately acid; clear smooth

boundary.

Btg1—7 to 16 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/0) silty clay loam;

weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few fine roots; few fine black

manganese concretions; strongly acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

Btg2—16 to 22 inches; dark gray (2.5Y 4/0) silty clay;

weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm,

moderately sticky, moderately plastic; common

distinct olive (5Y 5/3 and 4/3) clay films on faces of

peds and in root channels; moderately acid;

gradual smooth boundary.

Btg3—22 to 29 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/0) silty clay; weak

coarse subangular blocky structure; firm,

moderately sticky, moderately plastic; many fine

prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4 and 5/6) clay

films on faces of peds; common fine prominent

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6 and 5/8) iron

accumulations on faces of peds; strongly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

Btg4—29 to 68 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam;

moderate coarse and very coarse subangular

blocky structure; firm, slightly sticky, slightly

plastic; few distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on

faces of peds; many medium prominent yellowish

brown (10YR 5/8) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8)

iron accumulations on faces of peds; strongly acid.

The depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches.

Reaction is strongly acid or moderately acid in the A

horizon and in the upper part of the Btg horizon. It

ranges from strongly acid to neutral in the lower part of

the Btg horizon and in the Cg horizon, if it occurs.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value

of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 or less. Texture is silt loam.

The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4

to 6, and chroma of 2 or less. Some severely reduced

pedons have gley hues of 5BG and 5GY. The number

of iron accumulations in shades of brown and yellow

ranges from none to common. Texture is silty clay

loam, clay, and silty clay.

The Cg horizon, if it occurs, dominantly has hue of

10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 2 or less.

In some pedons it has hue of 5BG and 5GY. The

number of iron accumulations in shades of brown,

olive, and yellow ranges from few to many. Texture is

silty clay loam or silt loam.

Mountview Series

The Mountview series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained and well drained soils on

undulating to rolling uplands of the Highland Rim

region. These soils formed in a 2- to 3-foot silty mantle

and the underlying limestone residuum. Slopes range

from 2 to 12 percent.

A typical pedon of Mountview silt loam, 2 to

5 percent slopes, eroded; 0.7 mile southwest of the
Jackson County, Tennessee 91

intersection of Garrison Road and State Highway 135;

about 0.3 mile northeast of the intersection of Garrison

Road and Hill Road; 970 feet north of Garrison Road,

in a field; USGS Dodson Branch quadrangle.

Ap—0 to 2 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak

fine granular structure; very friable; many very fine

and few fine roots; many very fine pores;

moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

E—2 to 8 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam;

common medium distinct brown (10YR 4/3)

mottles; weak medium granular structure; very

friable; common very fine and fine roots; many

very fine pores; moderately acid; abrupt wavy

boundary.

Bt1—8 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty

clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots;

few faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) clay

films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy

boundary.

Bt2—18 to 29 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty

clay loam; many medium distinct yellowish red

(5YR 4/6) and many medium prominent red

(2.5YR 4/8) mottles; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine

and fine roots; common distinct strong brown

(7.5YR 4/6) clay films on faces of peds; many fine

black manganese concretions and nodules;

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

2Bt/E—29 to 39 inches; Bt part: strong brown

(7.5YR 4/6) silty clay loam; weak coarse

subangular blocky structure; firm; E part: pale

brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam; weak fine and

medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few

very fine roots; many distinct yellowish red (5YR

4/6) clay films on faces of peds and in root

channels; many medium prominent red (2.5YR

4/8) iron accumulations on faces of peds;

common fine prominent light brownish gray

(10YR 6/2) depletions on faces of peds; many

fine black manganese stains; brittle in

approximately 20 percent of the mass;

approximately 10 percent angular fragments of

chert; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

2Bt—39 to 80 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) silty clay;

moderate medium subangular and angular blocky

structure; firm; few pale brown (10YR 6/3) and

brownish yellowish (10YR 6/6) pockets of silt

loam; many distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay

films in root channels and dark red (2.5YR 3/6)

clay films on faces of peds; approximately

10 percent angular fragments of chert; strongly

acid.

The depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches.

The content of coarse fragments ranges from 0 to

10 percent in the upper 30 inches of the profile and

from 0 to about 25 percent below that depth. Reaction

is strongly acid or very strongly acid, except where

lime has been added.

The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5,

and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silt loam.

The E horizon, if it occurs, has hue of 10YR, value

of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is silt loam.

The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of

4 or 5, and chroma of 4 or 6. The texture is silt loam or

silty clay loam.

The Bt part of the 2Bt/E horizon has hue of 10YR or

7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 or 6. The

texture is silt loam or silty clay loam. The E part has

hue of 10YR, value of 6 or 7, and chroma of 2 to 4.

Pedons have few or common redox depletions in

shades of gray and brown. The texture is silt loam. The

horizon is brittle in 10 to 40 percent of the mass.

The 2Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 5YR, or 2.5YR,

value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8. The number of

mottles in shades of yellow, red, and brown ranges

from few to many. Some pedons do not have a

dominant matrix color but are mottled in shades of

brown, yellow, and red. Some pedons have few or

common redox iron depletions in the lower part.

Texture of the fine-earth fraction is silty clay loam, silty

clay, clay, or clay loam.

Ocana Series

The Ocana series consists of very deep, well

drained soils on narrow flood plains. These soils

formed in gravelly alluvium. Slopes range from 0 to

3 percent.

A typical pedon of Ocana gravelly silt loam,

occasionally flooded; 0.5 mile west of North Springs;

1.1 miles southeast of the intersection of Long Hollow

Road and Hudson Creek Road; 0.3 mile northwest of

the intersection of Tennessee Highway 56 and Hudson

Creek Road; 400 feet northeast of Hudson Creek

Road, in a pasture; USGS Willette quadrangle.

Ap—0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly silt loam;

weak fine granular structure; very friable; many

very fine and few fine roots; approximately

15 percent rounded pebbles; slightly acid; clear

smooth boundary.

Bw1—7 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly silt

loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky

structure; very friable; common fine roots;

approximately 20 percent rounded pebbles;

slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
92 Soil Survey

Bw2—17 to 36 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) gravelly loam; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots;

approximately 20 percent rounded pebbles;

slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw3—36 to 48 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) gravelly clay loam; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; approximately 30 percent

rounded pebbles and gravel; slightly acid; gradual

wavy boundary.

C—48 to 65 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly

loam; weak medium and fine subangular blocky

structure; friable; approximately 50 percent

rounded pebbles and 5 percent cobbles; neutral.

The depth to bedrock is more than 40 inches.

The content of coarse fragments ranges from 15 to

35 percent in the A and Bw horizons and from 35 to

85 percent in the C horizon. Reaction ranges from

moderately acid to neutral.

The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5,

and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is gravelly silt loam or

gravelly loam.

The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of

4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. The number of mottles in

shades of brown ranges from none to common.

Texture of the fine-earth fraction is silt loam, loam, or

clay loam.

The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of

4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. The number of mottles in

shades of brown ranges from none to common. Some

pedons have redox depletions in shades of gray.

Texture of the fine-earth fraction is silt loam, loam, clay

loam, or sandy loam.

Skidmore Series

The Skidmore series consists of very deep, well

drained soils on narrow flood plains along small

tributaries of the Cumberland River. These soils

formed in gravelly alluvium. Slopes range from 0 to

3 percent.

A typical pedon of Skidmore gravelly loam,

occasionally flooded; 2.2 miles northwest of the

intersection of State Highway 151 and State Highway

56; about 3.6 miles north of the intersection of State

Highway 56 and Ward Fork Road; 2.5 miles northwest

of the intersection of State Highway 56 and Crabtree

Creek Road; 221 feet east of State Highway 151, in a

pasture; USGS Willette quadrangle.

Ap—0 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly loam;

moderate medium granular structure; very friable;

many very fine and few fine roots; approximately

35 percent rounded gravel; slightly acid; clear

wavy boundary.

Bw1—10 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly

coarse sandy loam; moderate medium granular

structure; very friable; common very fine roots;

approximately 50 percent rounded gravel; slightly

acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2—19 to 24 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very gravelly

clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; few very fine roots;

approximately 45 percent gravel; slightly acid;

clear wavy boundary.

CB—24 to 32 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) extremely

gravelly clay loam; weak medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; approximately

70 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

C1—32 to 48 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) extremely

gravelly coarse sandy loam; massive; very friable;

approximately 70 percent gravel; neutral; gradual

wavy boundary.

C2—48 to 65 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam; massive;

very friable; approximately 70 percent gravel;

neutral.

The depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches.

The content of coarse fragments ranges from 15 to

50 percent in the A and Bw horizons and from 35 to

85 percent in the C horizon. Reaction ranges from

slightly acid to neutral.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or

5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is gravelly loam.

The Bw and C horizons have hue of 10YR or

7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. The

number of mottles in shades of brown ranges from

none to common. Texture of the fine-earth fraction is

clay loam, sandy loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay

loam, loam, or coarse sandy loam.

Staser Series

The Staser series consists of very deep, well

drained soils on flood plains along the Cumberland

River and its major tributaries. These soils formed in

loamy alluvium. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent.

A typical pedon of Staser loam, occasionally

flooded; 0.3 mile northwest of the intersection of State

Highway 53 and State Highway 56; about 1.5 miles

north of the intersection of State Highway 56 and

State Highway 85; about 1,056 feet west of State

Highway 56 and the Cumberland River bridge, in a

field; USGS Whitleyville quadrangle.
Jackson County, Tennessee 93

Ap—0 to 7 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; moderate

medium granular structure; very friable; many fine

roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

A—7 to 32 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam; weak

fine subangular blocky and weak medium granular

structure; friable; common fine roots; many fine

and very fine pores; moderately acid; gradual

smooth boundary.

Bw1—32 to 41 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak

fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine

roots; few fine and very fine pores; moderately

acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bw2—41 to 51 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR

4/4) loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure;

friable; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.

C—51 to 80 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

fine sandy loam; massive; moderately acid.

Thickness of the mollic epipedon ranges from 24 to

40 inches. The depth to bedrock is more than 5 feet.

Reaction is slightly acid or moderately acid.

The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3, and

chroma of 2 or 3. Most pedons have an Ap horizon,

which is commonly 5 to 8 inches thick. The Ap horizon

has hue of 10YR and value and chroma of 3 or 4.

Texture is loam or fine sandy loam.

The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR and value and

chroma of 3 or 4. In some pedons the lower part of the

horizon has mottles in shades of brown and yellow.

Texture is loam or fine sandy loam.

The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of

4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is loam or fine

sandy loam.

Sugargrove Series

The Sugargrove series consists of moderately deep

and deep, well drained soils on upland ridgetops and

hillsides of the Highland Rim region. These soils

formed in material weathered from interbedded

limestone and siltstone. Slopes range from 5 to

20 percent.

A typical pedon of Sugargrove gravelly silt loam,

5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded; 0.7 mile west of the

intersection of Haydenburg Ridge Road and Hix

Hollow Road; 0.4 mile east of the intersection of

Haydenburg Ridge Road and Skaggs Branch Road;

0.1 mile east of the intersection of Haydenburg Ridge

Road and Indian Creek Road; 108 feet north of

Haydenburg Ridge Road, in a pasture; USGS Willette

quadrangle.

Ap—0 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly silt loam;

few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

mottles; weak fine granular structure; very friable;

many very fine roots; approximately 15 percent

angular fragments of chert; neutral; clear smooth

boundary.

E—3 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly

silt loam; common fine distinct brownish yellow

(10YR 6/6) mottles; weak fine granular structure;

very friable; many very fine roots; approximately

15 percent angular fragments of chert; slightly

acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bt—12 to 51 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

gravelly silty clay loam; many fine distinct brownish

yellow (10YR 6/8) and many fine prominent

reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) and strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; common very

fine roots; few faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

clay films on faces of peds and coating fragments;

approximately 35 percent angular fragments of

chert and siltstone channers; moderately acid;

clear smooth boundary.

Cr—51 to 65 inches; highly fractured, horizontally

bedded siltstone with thin strata of strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8) silty clay loam between the beds; thin

beds of angular chert fragments separate some

rock layers.

The depth to hard bedrock is more than 60 inches.

Depth to the Cr horizon ranges from 20 to 60 inches.

The content of fragments ranges from 10 to 35

percent in the A and E horizons and from 15 to 35

percent in the Bt horizon. Reaction is strongly acid or

very strongly acid, except where lime has been added.

The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5,

and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is gravelly silt loam.

The E horizon, if it occurs, has hue of 10YR, value

of 5 or 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is gravelly silt

loam.

The upper part of the Bt horizon has hue of 10YR

or 7.5YR, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 4 or 6. The

number of mottles in shades of brown and red ranges

from few to common. Texture of the fine-earth fraction

is silt loam or silty clay loam.

The lower part of the Bt horizon has hue of 10YR,

7.5YR, or 5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8.

The number of mottles in shades of yellow and red

ranges from few to many. Texture of the fine-earth

fraction is silty clay loam or clay.

The Cr horizon is horizontally bedded, highly

fractured siltstone and cherty limestone interlayered

with thin strata of silty clay loam.

Swafford Series

The Swafford series consists of very deep,

moderately well drained soils on low stream terraces
94 Soil Survey

along the Cumberland River and its major tributaries.

These soils formed in loamy alluvium. Slopes range

from 2 to 12 percent.

A typical pedon of Swafford loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes; 0.8 mile northwest of the intersection of

Tennessee Highway 56 and Tennessee Highway 53;

about 726 feet south of Tennessee Highway 56, in a

pasture; USGS Whitleyville quadrangle.

Ap—0 to 9 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam;

few medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR

5/8) mottles; weak fine and medium granular

structure; very friable; many very fine and medium

roots; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary.

Bt1—9 to 25 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) clay

loam; few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR

5/4), common fine and medium distinct strong

brown (7.5YR 5/8), and common fine prominent

yellowish red (5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; many very

fine and medium roots; few fine and medium

pores; few faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay

films on faces of peds and in pores; few fine black

manganese nodules and concretions; moderately

acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt2—25 to 35 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) clay

loam; common fine and medium distinct strong

brown (7.5YR 5/8) mottles; moderate medium

subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and

medium roots; common fine and medium pores;

common faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay

films on faces of peds and in pores; few fine black

manganese nodules and concretions; common

fine and medium light gray (10YR 7/2) iron

depletions on faces of peds; common fine

prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) iron

accumulations on faces of peds; strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

Btx1—35 to 55 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6)

clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting

to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few

very fine roots in vertical seams; few distinct

yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay films coating

faces of prisms; common coarse prominent light

brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron and clay depletions

as vertical seams between prisms; few fine black

manganese nodules and concretions; brittle in

about 40 to 50 percent of the mass; strongly acid;

gradual wavy boundary.

Btx2—55 to 70 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR

6/4) clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure

parting to moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm; many fine and medium pores;

common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4)

clay films coating prism faces; common coarse

prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron and

clay depletions as vertical seams between prisms;

common fine and medium prominent strong brown

(7.5YR 5/8), yellowish red (5YR 5/8), and red

(2.5YR 4/8) iron accumulations on faces of peds;

many fine and medium black manganese nodules

and concretions; brittle in about 50 percent of the

mass; strongly acid.

The depth to rock is more than 60 inches. Depth to

a restrictive layer ranges from 20 to 36 inches. The

content of fragments ranges from 0 to 25 percent

throughout the pedon. Reaction is strongly acid or

moderately acid, except where lime has been added.

The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5,

and chroma of 3 or 4. Texture is loam.

The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of

4 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. Redox features are within

a depth of 30 inches from the surface. Texture is clay

loam or loam.

The Btx horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of

5 or 6, and chroma of 4 to 8. The number of redox

depletions and accumulations ranges from few to

many. Texture of the fine-earth fraction is clay loam or

loam.

Sykes Series

The Sykes series consists of very deep, well

drained soils on footslopes and stream terraces.

These soils formed in 2 to 4 feet of silty alluvium and

the underlying fine textured residuum derived from

limestone or interbedded limestone and shale. Slopes

range from 2 to 12 percent.

A typical pedon of Sykes silt loam, 2 to 5 percent

slopes, eroded; 1.5 miles southeast of the intersection

of Salt Lick Creek Road and State Highway 85; about

0.9 mile northwest of the intersection of Brooks Bend

Road and Salt Lick Creek Road; 0.6 mile northwest of

the intersection of Herring Hollow Road and Brooks

Bend Road; 320 feet north of Herring Hollow Road, in

a field; USGS Granville quadrangle.

Ap—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam;

common medium faint dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/4) and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2)

mottles; weak fine granular structure; friable; many

fine and very fine roots; common fine pores;

common fine black manganese concretions and

nodules; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt1—5 to 11 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky

structure; friable; many fine and very fine roots;

few fine pores; few faint dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/6) clay films on faces of peds; common
Jackson County, Tennessee 95

fine black manganese concretions and nodules;

strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bt2—11 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4)

silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular

blocky structure; friable; many fine and very fine

roots; many fine pores; few distinct brown (10YR

4/3) clay flows in root channels; few distinct dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) clay films on faces of

peds; common fine black manganese concretions

and nodules; moderately acid; gradual wavy

boundary.

2Bt3—24 to 34 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

silty clay; common medium distinct brownish

yellow (10YR 6/8) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky

structure; firm, moderately sticky, moderately

plastic; many fine and very fine roots; many fine

pores; many prominent dark yellowish brown

(10YR 4/6) clay films on faces of peds; common

fine black manganese concretions and nodules;

moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

2Bt4—34 to 50 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6)

clay; common medium distinct very pale brown

(10YR 7/3) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/8)

mottles; moderate medium and coarse subangular

blocky structure; very firm, moderately sticky,

moderately plastic; few fine pores; many

prominent brown (10YR 4/3) clay flows in root

channels; common prominent dark yellowish

brown (10YR 4/6) clay films on faces of peds;

common fine black concretions and nodules;

moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

2Bt5—50 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8)

clay; common medium prominent very pale brown

(10YR 7/3) and common medium distinct

brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles; weak coarse

and very coarse subangular blocky structure; very

firm, very sticky, very plastic; many distinct dark

yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) clay films on faces of

peds; many medium black concretions and

nodules; approximately

10 percent fragments of chert and rounded

pebbles; moderately acid.

The depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches.

Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid,

except where lime has been added. The content of

coarse fragments ranges from 0 to about 15 percent in

each horizon.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR and value

and chroma of 3 or 4. If value and chroma are 3, the

surface horizon is less than 7 inches thick. Texture is

silt loam.

The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of

4 or 5, and chroma of 4 or 6. Texture is silty clay loam

or silt loam.

The 2Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value

of 4 or 5, and chroma of 4 to 8. The number of mottles

in shades of brown, yellow, and red ranges from few to

many. Texture is silty clay or clay.

97

This section relates the five factors of soil formation

to the soils in the two physiographic regions of

Jackson County.

Soils differ from one another because of variations

in the material in which they formed and in the

environment affecting the parent material. By studying

the characteristics of an existing soil, one can build a

model that shows the stages and many of the

interrelated processes of soil formation. The soil

characteristics provide a basis for classifying the soil

in the taxonomic system.

Soils form as a result of the interaction of parent

material, climate, living organisms, topography, and

time. All of these factors influence the formation of

every soil, but the extent to which each factor affects

soil formation varies from place to place. The effect of

any one factor is modified to some extent by the

effects of the other four.

Parent Material

Parent material is the unconsolidated mass in

which a soil forms. It determines the limits of the

mineralogical and chemical characteristics of the

soil.

Some of the soils in the Highland Rim region are

those in the Bewleyville, Mountview, and Dickson

series. These soils formed in a silty mantle underlain

by limestone residuum or older alluvium. The drainage

class of these soils ranges from well drained, as in the

Bewleyville soils, to moderately well drained, as in the

Dickson soils. Dickson soils also have a fragipan in the

subsoil.

Some of the soils in the outer Central Basin region

are those in the Dellrose, Armour, Arrington, and

Mimosa series. Dellrose soils formed in gravelly

colluvium collected at the base of limestone hillsides

and, generally, the underlying clayey residuum derived

from phosphatic limestone. Armour soils formed in

older alluvium and residuum derived from phosphatic

limestone. Arrington soils formed in recent alluvium

deposited by flowing water and side slope runoff.

Mimosa soils formed in clayey residuum derived from

phosphatic limestone.

Climate

Climate directly affects the accumulation of parent

material and the development of soil horizons. It

regulates the rate of physical and chemical weathering

in the parent material, including the processes of

leaching, eluviation, and illuviation. Climate also

influences the plant and animal life in a given locality.

The warm and humid, temperate climate in Jackson

County favors the rapid physical and chemical

decomposition of soil particles, minerals, and organic

matter. Leaching, eluviation, illuviation, and oxidation

are intensive. The resulting soils generally have a low

content of organic matter and a medium or low supply

of bases.

The local differences in climate caused by

variations in slope, drainage, and kind of landform

affect soil formation. The steeper slopes are more

rapidly eroded and have higher rates of runoff than the

more gentle slopes. Areas that are nearly level or

concave accumulate water from the surrounding areas

and may have several times as much water available

for infiltration, percolation, and leaching. North- and

east-facing slopes are generally cooler and stay moist

longer than equivalent south- and west-facing slopes.

Living Organisms

Many of the processes through which parent

material is transformed into soil are strongly influenced

by living organisms and their remains and by-products.

Plant remains make up most of the organic matter that

is incorporated into a soil. Other living organisms,

including earthworms, fungi, bacteria, insects, and

various micro-organisms, also contribute organic

matter to the soil.

Living organisms bring about both physical and

chemical changes in soils. Mechanical mixing results

from the construction of tunnels and burrows by

animals, the prying and penetrating action of roots,

and the upheaval of trees by wind and ice action.

These changes in the soil result in deeper penetration

of water and air. As a result, the depth at which soil

and rock material can be weathered is increased,

Formation of the Soils
98

allowing chemical and physical decomposition.

Nutrients are continuously being recycled, both

naturally and mechanically when they are applied to

the surface. Plant roots absorb the nutrients from the

soil and transport them into leaf, twig, and stem

tissues, which are shed and fall to the surface and

eventually are reincorporated into the soil.

The soils in Jackson County formed almost entirely

under hardwood forest. There were differences in the

density of the stands, in the relative proportions of

species, and in the kinds of associated ground cover.

These differences alone, however, were not sufficient

to account for the marked differences in properties

among the more strongly developed soils in the

county.

Topography

Topography, including relief, slope, kind of landform,

and aspect, influences or modifies the effects of the

other soil-forming factors. The steepness, shape, and

length of slope directly influence the rate of water

infiltration and the runoff rate. If other factors are

equal, areas where runoff is more rapid are more

eroded than other areas.

Water tends to concentrate in concave areas. The

amount of water that penetrates the surface is

greater on the gentler slopes than on the steeper

slopes. Free water moving downward through many

of the soils in the county is trapped or perched

above a relatively impermeable fragipan, where it

stands for days or weeks or moves away laterally.

The soils on the flood plains in the county are

periodically covered with fresh sediment washed from

the uplands. This repeated deposition results in

stratified soils that are characterized by minimal profile

development.

Time

The time required for a soil to form depends on the

combined influences of the other factors of soil

formation. The accumulation of parent material

generally requires much more time than the

development of soil horizons. Less time is generally

required for a soil to form in a warm, humid region that

has luxuriant vegetation than in a dry, cold region that

has sparse vegetation. Much less time is required if

the parent material is permeable, is on gentle slopes,

and is highly weatherable.

The soils in Jackson County range in age from

young to very old. Most of the soils on flood plains are

considered the youngest. Examples are Staser,

Arrington, and Lindside soils. Soils on the stream

terraces along the Cumberland and Roaring Rivers

and gravelly soils on footslopes are of intermediate

age. Examples are Humphreys, Holston, and Armour

soils.

The oldest soils in the county are those that formed

during the Ordovician Period in the Central Basin area

of the county. Examples are Barfield, Gladdice, and

Mimosa soils. Other mature soils of the Highland Rim

physiographic region are Dickson, Mountview,

Sengtown, and Christian soils.
99

American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 1998.

Standard specifications for transportation materials and methods of sampling and

testing. 19th ed., 2 vols.

American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 1998. Standard classification of

soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D 2487.

Goodspeed Publishing Company. 1887. History of Tennessee.

Miller, R.A. 1974. The geologic history of Tennessee. State of Tennessee, Dep.

Conservation, Div. Geology. Bull. 74.

United States Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Soils. 1915. Soil survey of Jackson

County, Tennessee.

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

1993. Soil survey manual. Soil Survey Staff, U.S. Dep. Agric. Handb. 18.

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

1998. Keys to soil taxonomy. 8th ed., Soil Survey Staff.

United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service.

1999. Soil taxonomy: A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting

soil surveys. 2nd edition. Soil Survey Staff. U.S. Dep. Agric. Handb. 436.

References

101

Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air from

the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated soil is

similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in a

poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in

carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen.

Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single

mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such

as granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds.

Clods are aggregates produced by tillage or

logging.

Alluvial fan. The fanlike deposit of a stream where it

issues from a gorge upon a plain or of a tributary

stream near or at its junction with its main stream.

Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay,

deposited on land by streams.

Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl. A dye that when dissolved in

1N ammonium acetate is used to detect the

presence of reduced iron (Fe II) in the soil. A

positive reaction indicates a type of redoximorphic

feature.

Animal unit month (AUM). The amount of forage

required by one mature cow of approximately

1,000 pounds weight, with or without a calf, for

1 month.

Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness characterized

by saturation, reduction, and redoximorphic

features.

Area reclaim (in tables). An area difficult to reclaim

after the removal of soil for construction and other

uses. Revegetation and erosion control are

extremely difficult.

Argillic horizon. A subsoil horizon characterized by

an accumulation of illuvial clay.

Aspect. The direction in which a slope faces.

Association, soil. A group of soils or miscellaneous

areas geographically associated in a characteristic

repeating pattern and defined and delineated as a

single map unit.

Available water capacity (available moisture

capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water

available for use by most plants. It is commonly

defined as the difference between the amount of

soil water at field moisture capacity and the

amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed

as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity, in

inches, in a 40-inch profile or to a limiting layer is

expressed as:

Very low ............................................................ 0 to 2

Low ................................................................... 2 to 4

Moderate .......................................................... 4 to 6

High ........................................................ more than 6

Backslope. The geomorphic component that forms

the steepest inclined surface and principal

element of many hillsides. Backslopes in profile

are commonly steep, are linear, and may or may

not include cliff segments.

Base saturation. The degree to which material having

cation-exchange properties is saturated with

exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, and K),

expressed as a percentage of the total cationexchange capacity.

Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and

other unconsolidated material or that is exposed at

the surface.

Bottom land. The normal flood plain of a stream,

subject to flooding.

Boulders. Rock fragments larger than 2 feet

(60 centimeters) in diameter.

Breast height. An average height of 4.5 feet above

the ground surface; the point on a tree where

diameter measurements are ordinarily taken.

Brush management. Use of mechanical, chemical, or

biological methods to make conditions favorable

for reseeding or to reduce or eliminate competition

from woody vegetation and thus allow understory

grasses and forbs to recover. Brush management

increases forage production and thus reduces the

hazard of erosion. It can improve the habitat for

some species of wildlife.

Cable yarding. A method of moving felled trees to a

nearby central area for transport to a processing

facility. Most cable yarding systems involve use of

a drum, a pole, and wire cables in an arrangement

similar to that of a rod and reel used for fishing. To

reduce friction and soil disturbance, felled trees

generally are reeled in while one end is lifted or

the entire log is suspended.

Canopy. The leafy crown of trees or shrubs. (See

Crown.)

Glossary
102 Soil Survey

Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of electricity.

The common soil cations are calcium, potassium,

magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen.

Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of

exchangeable cations that can be held by the soil,

expressed in terms of milliequivalents per

100 grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some

other stated pH value. The term, as applied to

soils, is synonymous with base-exchange capacity

but is more precise in meaning.

Channery soil material. Soil material that is, by

volume, 15 to 35 percent thin, flat fragments

of sandstone, shale, slate, limestone, or schist

as much as 6 inches (15 centimeters) along

the longest axis. A single piece is called a

channer.

Chemical treatment. Control of unwanted vegetation

through the use of chemicals.

Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles less

than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil textural

class, soil material that is 40 percent or more clay,

less than 45 percent sand, and less than 40

percent silt.

Clay depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron, manganese, and clay because of

the chemical reduction of iron and manganese

and the removal of iron, manganese, and clay. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the

surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root

channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin.

Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand.

Cobble (or cobblestone). A rounded or partly

rounded fragment of rock 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to

25 centimeters) in diameter.

Cobbly soil material. Material that is 15 to

35 percent, by volume, rounded or partially

rounded rock fragments 3 to 10 inches (7.6 to

25 centimeters) in diameter. Very cobbly soil

material has 35 to 60 percent of these rock

fragments, and extremely cobbly soil material

has more than 60 percent.

Colluvium. Soil material or rock fragments, or both,

moved by creep, slide, or local wash and

deposited at the base of steep slopes.

Complex slope. Irregular or variable slope. Planning

or establishing terraces, diversions, and other

water-control structures on a complex slope is

difficult.

Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of soil

or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern

or so small in area that it is not practical to map

them separately at the selected scale of mapping.

The pattern and proportion of the soils or

miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in all

areas.

Concretions. Cemented bodies with crude internal

symmetry organized around a point, a line, or a

plane. They typically take the form of concentric

layers visible to the naked eye. Calcium carbonate,

iron oxide, and manganese oxide are common

compounds making up concretions. If formed in

place, concretions of iron oxide or manganese

oxide are generally considered a type of

redoximorphic concentration.

Conservation cropping system. Growing crops in

combination with needed cultural and

management practices. In a good conservation

cropping system, the soil-improving crops and

practices more than offset the effects of the soildepleting crops and practices. Cropping systems

are needed on all tilled soils. Soil-improving

practices in a conservation cropping system

include the use of rotations that contain grasses

and legumes and the return of crop residue to the

soil. Other practices include the use of green

manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper

tillage, adequate fertilization, and weed and pest

control.

Conservation tillage. A tillage system that does not

invert the soil and that leaves a protective

amount of crop residue on the surface throughout

the year.

Consistence, soil. Refers to the degree of cohesion

and adhesion of soil material and its resistance to

deformation when ruptured. Consistence includes

resistance of soil material to rupture and to

penetration; plasticity, toughness, and stickiness of

puddled soil material; and the manner in which the

soil material behaves when subject to

compression. Terms describing consistence are

defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Contour stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that

follow the contour. Strips of grass or close-growing

crops are alternated with strips of clean-tilled

crops or summer fallow.

Control section. The part of the soil on which

classification is based. The thickness varies

among different kinds of soil, but for many it is that

part of the soil profile between depths of 10 inches

and 40 or 80 inches.

Corrosion. Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical

action that dissolves or weakens concrete or

uncoated steel.

Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to

improve and protect the soil between periods of

regular crop production, or a crop grown between

trees and vines in orchards and vineyards.
Jackson County, Tennessee 103

Cropping system. Growing crops according to a

planned system of rotation and management

practices.

Crop residue management. Returning crop residue

to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure,

organic matter content, and fertility and helps to

control erosion.

Cross-slope farming. Deliberately conducting

farming operations on sloping farmland in such a

way that tillage is across the general slope.

Culmination of the mean annual increment (CMAI).

The average annual increase per acre in the

volume of a stand. Computed by dividing the total

volume of the stand by its age. As the stand

increases in age, the mean annual increment

continues to increase until mortality begins to

reduce the rate of increase. The point where the

stand reaches its maximum annual rate of growth

is called the culmination of the mean annual

increment.

Cutbanks cave (in tables). The walls of excavations

tend to cave in or slough.

Deferred grazing. Postponing grazing or resting

grazing land for a prescribed period.

Dense layer (in tables). A very firm, massive layer that

has a bulk density of more than 1.8 grams per

cubic centimeter. Such a layer affects the ease of

digging and can affect filling and compacting.

Depth, soil. Generally, the thickness of the soil

over bedrock. Very deep soils are more than

60 inches deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to

60 inches; moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches;

shallow, 10 to 20 inches; and very shallow, less

than 10 inches.

Depth to rock (in tables). Bedrock is too near the

surface for the specified use.

Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth,

generally a terrace, built to protect downslope

areas by diverting runoff from its natural course.

Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency and

duration of wet periods under conditions similar to

those under which the soil formed. Alterations of

the water regime by human activities, either

through drainage or irrigation, are not a

consideration unless they have significantly

changed the morphology of the soil. Seven

classes of natural soil drainage are recognized—

excessively drained, somewhat excessively

drained, well drained, moderately well drained,

somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and

very poorly drained. These classes are defined in

the “Soil Survey Manual.”

Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water,

from an area.

Duff. A generally firm organic layer on the surface of

mineral soils. It consists of fallen plant material

that is in the process of decomposition and

includes everything from the litter on the surface to

underlying pure humus.

Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution

or colloidal suspension from one place to another

within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost material

through eluviation are eluvial; those that have

received material are illuvial.

Endosaturation. A type of saturation of the soil in

which all horizons between the upper boundary of

saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated.

Episaturation. A type of saturation indicating a

perched water table in a soil in which saturated

layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated

layers within 2 meters of the surface.

Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by

water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by

such processes as gravitational creep.

Erosion —(geologic). Erosion caused by geologic

processes acting over long geologic periods and

resulting in the wearing away of mountains and

the building up of such landscape features as

flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural

erosion.

Erosion —(accelerated). Erosion much more rapid

than geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human

or animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature,

such as a fire, that exposes the surface.

Erosion pavement. A layer of gravel or stones that

remains on the surface after fine particles are

removed by sheet or rill erosion.

Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope

or cliff breaking the general continuity of more

gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from

erosion or faulting. Synonym: scarp.

Excess fines (in tables). Excess silt and clay in the

soil. The soil does not provide a source of gravel

or sand for construction purposes.

Fan terrace. A relict alluvial fan, no longer a site of

active deposition, incised by younger and lower

alluvial surfaces.

Fast intake (in tables). The rapid movement of water

into the soil.

Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to provide

plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and in proper

balance, for the growth of specified plants when

light, moisture, temperature, tilth, and other growth

factors are favorable.

Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a

soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry

weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has

drained away; the field moisture content 2 or
104 Soil Survey

3 days after a soaking rain; also called normal

field capacity, normal moisture capacity, or

capillary capacity.

Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay.

Flagstone. A thin fragment of sandstone, limestone,

slate, shale, or (rarely) schist 6 to 15 inches (15 to

38 centimeters) long.

Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders a

stream and is subject to flooding unless protected

artificially.

Fluvial. Of or pertaining to rivers; produced by river

action, as a fluvial plain.

Footslope. The inclined surface at the base of a hill.

Forest type. A stand of trees similar in composition

and development because of given physical and

biological factors by which it may be differentiated

from other stands.

Fragipan. A loamy, brittle subsurface horizon low in

porosity and content of organic matter and low or

moderate in clay but high in silt or very fine sand.

A fragipan appears cemented and restricts roots.

When dry, it is hard or very hard and has a higher

bulk density than the horizon or horizons above.

When moist, it tends to rupture suddenly under

pressure rather than to deform slowly.

Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers

especially to the processes or soil-forming factors

responsible for the formation of the solum, or true

soil, from the unconsolidated parent material.

Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor drainage,

resulting in the reduction of iron and other

elements in the profile and in gray colors.

Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed

waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to

grass as protection against erosion. Conducts

surface water away from cropland.

Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock

as much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to

7.6 centimeters) in diameter. An individual

piece is a pebble.

Gravelly soil material. Material that is 15 to

35 percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock

fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as

3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter.

Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores of

the material below the water table.

Gully. A miniature valley with steep sides cut by

running water and through which water ordinarily

runs only after rainfall. The distinction between a

gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is

an obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to

be obliterated by ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser

depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary

tillage.

Hard bedrock. Bedrock that cannot be excavated

except by blasting or by the use of special

equipment that is not commonly used in

construction.

Hill. A natural elevation of the land surface, rising as

much as 1,000 feet above surrounding lowlands,

commonly of limited summit area and having a

well defined outline; hillsides generally have

slopes of more than 15 percent. The distinction

between a hill and a mountain is arbitrary and is

dependent on local usage.

Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel to

the surface, having distinct characteristics

produced by soil-forming processes. In the

identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter

represents the major horizons. Numbers or

lowercase letters that follow represent

subdivisions of the major horizons. An explanation

of the subdivisions is given in the “Soil Survey

Manual.” The major horizons of mineral soil are as

follows:

O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and

decaying plant residue.

A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the

surface in which an accumulation of humified

organic matter is mixed with the mineral material.

Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which was

originally part of a B horizon.

E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the main

feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, aluminum, or

some combination of these.

B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an

A horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of

transition from the overlying A to the underlying

C horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive

characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay,

sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these;

(2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or

browner colors than those in the A horizon; or

(4) a combination of these.

C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer,

excluding indurated bedrock, that is little affected

by soil-forming processes and does not have the

properties typical of the overlying soil material.

The material of a C horizon may be either like or

unlike that in which the solum formed. If the

material is known to differ from that in the solum,

an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the

letter C.

Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath

the soil.

R layer.—Consolidated bedrock beneath the soil.

The bedrock commonly underlies a C horizon, but

it can be directly below an A or a B horizon.
Jackson County, Tennessee 105

Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable

part of the organic matter in mineral soils.

Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped

according to their runoff potential. The soil

properties that influence this potential are those

that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration on

a bare soil during periods after prolonged wetting

when the soil is not frozen. These properties are

depth to a seasonal high water table, the

infiltration rate and permeability after prolonged

wetting, and depth to a very slowly permeable

layer. The slope and the kind of plant cover are not

considered but are separate factors in predicting

runoff.

Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one

horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally,

material is removed from an upper horizon and

deposited in a lower horizon.

Impervious soil. A soil through which water, air, or

roots penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is

absolutely impervious to air and water all the time.

Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the

immediate surface of soil or other material, as

contrasted with percolation, which is movement of

water through soil layers or material.

Infiltration capacity. The maximum rate at which

water can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of

conditions.

Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates

the surface of the soil at any given instant,

usually expressed in inches per hour. The rate can

be limited by the infiltration capacity of the soil or

the rate at which water is applied at the surface.

Intermittent stream. A stream, or reach of a

stream, that flows for prolonged periods only

when it receives ground-water discharge or long,

continued contributions from melting snow or

other surface and shallow subsurface sources.

Iron depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low

content of iron and manganese oxide because of

chemical reduction and removal, but having a clay

content similar to that of the adjacent matrix. A

type of redoximorphic depletion.

Karst (topography). The relief of an area underlain by

limestone that dissolves in differing degrees, thus

forming numerous depressions or small basins.

Knoll. A small, low, rounded hill rising above adjacent

landforms.

Landslide. The rapid downhill movement of a mass of

soil and loose rock, generally when wet or

saturated. The speed and distance of movement,

as well as the amount of soil and rock material,

vary greatly.

Large stones (in tables). Rock fragments 3 inches

(7.6 centimeters) or more across. Large stones

adversely affect the specified use of the soil.

Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil or

other material by percolating water.

Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil

passes from a plastic to a liquid state.

Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay

particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less

than 52 percent sand particles.

Loess. Fine grained material, dominantly of silt-sized

particles, deposited by wind.

Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to

support loads.

Masses. Concentrations of substances in the soil

matrix that do not have a clearly defined boundary

with the surrounding soil material and cannot be

removed as a discrete unit. Common compounds

making up masses are calcium carbonate,

gypsum or other soluble salts, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide. Masses consisting of iron oxide

or manganese oxide generally are considered a

type of redoximorphic concentration.

Mechanical treatment. Use of mechanical equipment

for seeding, brush management, and other

management practices.

Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam,

silt loam, or silt.

Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and

low in organic material. Its bulk density is more

than that of organic soil.

Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop

production and prevention of soil damage.

Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no

natural soil and supports little or no vegetation.

Moderately coarse textured soil. Coarse sandy

loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam.

Moderately fine textured soil. Clay loam, sandy clay

loam, or silty clay loam.

Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface

horizon (or horizons) that has high base saturation

and pedogenic soil structure. It may include the

upper part of the subsoil.

Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil,

including the texture, structure, porosity,

consistence, color, and other physical, mineral,

and biological properties of the various horizons,

and the thickness and arrangement of those

horizons in the soil profile.

Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that

vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are as

follows: abundance—few, common, and many;

size—fine, medium, and coarse; and contrast—
106 Soil Survey

faint, distinct, and prominent. The size

measurements are of the diameter along the

greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than

5 millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from

5 to 15 millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch);

and coarse, more than 15 millimeters (about

0.6 inch).

Mudstone. Sedimentary rock formed by induration of

silt and clay in approximately equal amounts.

Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees

of three simple variables—hue, value, and

chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is a

color with hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of

4.

Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3.

(See Reaction, soil.)

Nodules. Cemented bodies lacking visible internal

structure. Calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and

manganese oxide are common compounds

making up nodules. If formed in place, nodules of

iron oxide or manganese oxide are considered

types of redoximorphic concentrations.

Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant

essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly

nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium,

magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper,

boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and

water.

Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil in

various stages of decomposition. The content of

organic matter in the surface layer is described as

follows:

Very low ................................... less than 0.5 percent

Low ................................................ 0.5 to 1.0 percent

Moderately low .............................. 1.0 to 2.0 percent

Moderate ....................................... 2.0 to 4.0 percent

High ............................................... 4.0 to 8.0 percent

Very high ............................... more than 8.0 percent

Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and

mineral material in which soil forms.

Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a

granule, a prism, or a block.

Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a soil.”

A pedon is three dimensional and large enough to

permit study of all horizons. Its area ranges from

about 10 to 100 square feet (1 square meter to

10 square meters), depending on the variability of

the soil.

Percolation. The downward movement of water

through the soil.

Percs slowly (in tables). The slow movement of water

through the soil adversely affects the specified

use.

Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables water

or air to move downward through the profile. The

rate at which a saturated soil transmits water is

accepted as a measure of this quality. In soil

physics, the rate is referred to as “saturated

hydraulic conductivity,” which is defined in the “Soil

Survey Manual.” In line with conventional usage in

the engineering profession and with traditional

usage in published soil surveys, this rate of flow

continues to be expressed as “permeability.” Terms

describing permeability, measured in inches per

hour, are as follows:

Extremely slow ................................. 0.0 to 0.01 inch

Very slow ........................................ 0.01 to 0.06 inch

Slow.................................................. 0.06 to 0.2 inch

Moderately slow ................................. 0.2 to 0.6 inch

Moderate ................................ 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches

Moderately rapid ............................ 2.0 to 6.0 inches

Rapid ............................................... 6.0 to 20 inches

Very rapid ................................. more than 20 inches

Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on

features that affect its use and management, such

as slope, stoniness, and flooding.

pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and

alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.)

Piping (in tables). Formation of subsurface tunnels or

pipelike cavities by water moving through the soil.

Plasticity index. The numerical difference between

the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of

moisture content within which the soil remains

plastic.

Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil

changes from semisolid to plastic.

Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed

depressions. Unless the soils are artificially

drained, the water can be removed only by

percolation or evapotranspiration.

Poor filter (in tables). Because of rapid or very rapid

permeability, the soil may not adequately filter

effluent from a waste disposal system.

Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil

material consisting mainly of particles of nearly

the same size. Because there is little difference in

size of the particles, density can be increased only

slightly by compaction.

Poor outlets (in tables). Refers to areas where

surface or subsurface drainage outlets are difficult

or expensive to install.
Jackson County, Tennessee 107

Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth).

Depth to which roots could penetrate if the content

of moisture in the soil were adequate. The soil has

no properties restricting the penetration of roots to

this depth.

Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for

producing a specified plant or sequence of plants

under specific management.

Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending

through all its horizons and into the parent

material.

Proper grazing use. Grazing at an intensity that

maintains enough cover to protect the soil and

maintain or improve the quantity and quality of the

desirable vegetation. This practice increases the

vigor and reproduction capacity of the key plants

and promotes the accumulation of litter and mulch

necessary to conserve soil and water.

Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a

soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to pH

7.0 is described as precisely neutral in reaction

because it is neither acid nor alkaline. The

degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as pH

values, are:

Ultra acid .............................................. less than 3.5

Extremely acid ........................................... 3.5 to 4.4

Very strongly acid ...................................... 4.5 to 5.0

Strongly acid .............................................. 5.1 to 5.5

Moderately acid .......................................... 5.6 to 6.0

Slightly acid ................................................ 6.1 to 6.5

Neutral ........................................................ 6.6 to 7.3

Slightly alkaline .......................................... 7.4 to 7.8

Moderately alkaline .................................... 7.9 to 8.4

Strongly alkaline ........................................ 8.5 to 9.0

Very strongly alkaline ......................... 9.1 and higher

Redoximorphic concentrations. Nodules,

concretions, soft masses, pore linings, and other

features resulting from the accumulation of iron or

manganese oxide. An indication of chemical

reduction and oxidation resulting from saturation.

Redoximorphic depletions. Low-chroma zones from

which iron and manganese oxide or a combination

of iron and manganese oxide and clay has been

removed. These zones are indications of the

chemical reduction of iron resulting from

saturation.

Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic

concentrations, redoximorphic depletions, reduced

matrices, a positive reaction to alpha,alphadipyridyl, and other features indicating the

chemical reduction and oxidation of iron and

manganese compounds resulting from saturation.

Reduced matrix. A soil matrix that has low chroma in

situ because of chemically reduced iron (Fe II).

The chemical reduction results from nearly

continuous wetness. The matrix undergoes a

change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after

exposure to air as the iron is oxidized (Fe III). A

type of redoximorphic feature.

Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land surface,

considered collectively.

Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated,

weathered or partly weathered mineral material

that accumulated as consolidated rock

disintegrated in place.

Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having

a diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for

example, pebbles, cobbles, stones, and

boulders.

Rooting depth (in tables). Shallow root zone. The

soil is shallow over a layer that greatly restricts

roots.

Root zone. The part of the soil that can be penetrated

by plant roots.

Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream

channels from an area. The water that flows off the

surface of the land without sinking into the soil is

called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil

before reaching surface streams is called groundwater runoff or seepage flow from ground water.

Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral

fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters in

diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. As a

soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or more

sand and not more than 10 percent clay.

Sandstone. Sedimentary rock containing dominantly

sand-sized particles.

Saprolite. Unconsolidated residual material

underlying the soil and grading to hard bedrock

below.

Saturation. Wetness characterized by zero or positive

pressure of the soil water. Under conditions of

saturation, the water will flow from the soil matrix

into an unlined auger hole.

Sedimentary rock. Rock made up of particles

deposited from suspension in water. The chief

kinds of sedimentary rock are conglomerate,

formed from gravel; sandstone, formed from sand;

shale, formed from clay; and limestone, formed

from soft masses of calcium carbonate. There are

many intermediate types. Some wind-deposited

sand is consolidated into sandstone.

Seepage (in tables). The movement of water through

the soil. Seepage adversely affects the specified

use.
108 Soil Survey

Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that are

almost alike, except for differences in texture of

the surface layer. All the soils of a series have

horizons that are similar in composition, thickness,

and arrangement.

Shale. Sedimentary rock formed by the hardening of a

clay deposit.

Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer of

soil material from the land surface by the action of

rainfall and surface runoff.

Shrink-swell (in tables). The shrinking of soil when

dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and

swelling can damage roads, dams, building

foundations, and other structures. It can also

damage plant roots.

Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles

that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay

(0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine

sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil

that is 80 percent or more silt and less than

12 percent clay.

Siltstone. Sedimentary rock made up of dominantly

silt-sized particles.

Similar soils. Soils that share limits of diagnostic

criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner,

and have similar conservation needs or

management requirements for the major land uses

in the survey area.

Sinkhole. A depression in the landscape where

limestone has been dissolved.

Site index. A designation of the quality of a forest site

based on the height of the dominant stand at an

arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the average

height attained by dominant and codominant trees

in a fully stocked stand at the age of 50 years is

75 feet, the site index is 75.

Slickensides. Polished and grooved surfaces

produced by one mass sliding past another. In

soils, slickensides may occur at the bases of slip

surfaces on the steeper slopes; on faces of blocks,

prisms, and columns; and in swelling clayey soils,

where there is marked change in moisture

content.

Slippage (in tables). Soil mass susceptible to

movement downslope when loaded, excavated, or

wet.

Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the

horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical

distance divided by horizontal distance, then

multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a

drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance. In

this survey, classes for complex slopes are as

follows:

Level .................................................... 0 to 2 percent

Nearly level ......................................... 0 to 3 percent

Undulating ........................................... 2 to 5 percent

Rolling ............................................... 5 to 12 percent

Hilly ................................................. 12 to 20 percent

Steep ............................................... 20 to 80 percent

Very steep .............................. 40 percent and higher

Slope (in tables). Slope is great enough that special

practices are required to ensure satisfactory

performance of the soil for a specific use.

Slow intake (in tables). The slow movement of water

into the soil.

Slow refill (in tables). The slow filling of ponds,

resulting from restricted permeability in the soil.

Small stones (in tables). Rock fragments less than

3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter. Small

stones adversely affect the specified use of the

soil.

Soft bedrock. Bedrock that can be excavated with

trenching machines, backhoes, small rippers, and

other equipment commonly used in construction.

Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s

surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has

properties resulting from the integrated effect of

climate and living matter acting on earthy parent

material, as conditioned by relief over periods of

time.

Soil separates. Mineral particles less than

2 millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging

between specified size limits. The names and

sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in

the United States are as follows:

Very coarse sand ....................................... 2.0 to 1.0

Coarse sand ............................................... 1.0 to 0.5

Medium sand ........................................... 0.5 to 0.25

Fine sand ............................................... 0.25 to 0.10

Very fine sand ........................................ 0.10 to 0.05

Silt ........................................................ 0.05 to 0.002

Clay .................................................. less than 0.002

Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C

horizon, in which the processes of soil formation

are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E,

and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of

the material in these horizons are unlike those of

the material below the solum. The living roots and

plant and animal activities are largely confined to

the solum.

Stone line. A concentration of coarse fragments in a

soil. Generally, it is indicative of an old weathered

surface. In a cross section, the line may be one

fragment or more thick. It generally overlies
Jackson County, Tennessee 109

material that weathered in place and is overlain by

recent sediment of variable thickness.

Stones. Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to

60 centimeters) in diameter if rounded or 15 to

24 inches (38 to 60 centimeters) in length if flat.

Stony. Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers

that interfere with or prevent tillage.

Stripcropping. Growing crops in a systematic

arrangement of strips or bands that provide

vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water

erosion.

Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil

particles into compound particles or aggregates.

The principal forms of soil structure are—platy

(laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of aggregates

longer than horizontal), columnar (prisms with

rounded tops), blocky (angular or subangular),

and granular. Structureless soils are either single

grained (each grain by itself, as in dune sand) or

massive (the particles adhering without any

regular cleavage, as in many hardpans).

Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part of

the solum below plow depth.

Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum.

Subsurface layer. Any surface soil horizon (A, E, AB,

or EB) below the surface layer.

Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or

its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in depth

from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters).

Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the

“Ap horizon.”

Talus. Fragments of rock and other soil material

accumulated by gravity at the foot of cliffs or steep

slopes.

Terrace. An embankment, or ridge, constructed

across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight

angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts

surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or

flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a

field generally is built so that the field can be

farmed. A terrace intended mainly for drainage

has a deep channel that is maintained in

permanent sod.

Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt,

and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic

textural classes, in order of increasing proportion

of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy

loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay

loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and

clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam

classes may be further divided by specifying

“coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.”

Thin layer (in tables). Otherwise suitable soil material

that is too thin for the specified use.

Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as related

to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling

emergence, and root penetration.

Toeslope. The outermost inclined surface at the base

of a hill; part of a footslope.

Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the

most favorable material for plant growth. It is

ordinarily rich in organic matter and is used to

topdress roadbanks, lawns, and land affected

by mining.

Unstable fill (in tables). Risk of caving or sloughing

on banks of fill material.

Upland. Land at a higher elevation, in general, than

the alluvial plain or stream terrace; land above the

lowlands along streams.

Valley fill. In glaciated regions, material deposited in

stream valleys by glacial meltwater. In

nonglaciated regions, alluvium deposited by

heavily loaded streams.

Variegation. Refers to patterns of contrasting colors

assumed to be inherited from the parent material

rather than to be the result of poor drainage.

Weathering. All physical and chemical changes

produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the

earth’s surface by atmospheric agents. These

changes result in disintegration and

decomposition of the material.

Well graded. Refers to soil material consisting of

coarse grained particles that are well distributed

over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil

normally can be easily increased in density and

bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with

poorly graded soil.

Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The

moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at

which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so

much that it does not recover when placed in a

humid, dark chamber.

Windthrow. The uprooting and tipping over of trees by

the wind.

111

Tables
112 Soil Survey

Table 1.--Temperature and Precipitation

(Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Cookeville, Tennessee.)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | |

 | Temperature | Precipitation

 | | __________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | 2 years in | | |2 years in 10| |

 | | | | 10 will have-- | Average | | will have-- | Average | _______________________ _____________

 Month |Average|Average|Average| | |number of|Average| | |number of|Average

 | daily | daily | daily | Maximum | Minimum | growing | | Less | More |days with|snowfall

 |maximum|minimum| |temperature|temperature| degree | |than--|than--|0.10 inch|

 | | | | higher | lower | days* | | | | or more |

 | | | | than-- | than-- | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 | oF | oF | oF | oF | o _ _ _ _ _ _____ __ __ | __ | | __ F | Units | In | In | In | | In

 | | | | | | | | | | |

January-----| 44.3 | 23.8 | 34.0 | 70 | -8 | 15 | 4.74 | 2.63| 6.60| 8 | 3.5

 | | | | | | | | | | |

February----| 48.5 | 26.4 | 37.4 | 74 | 1 | 24 | 4.49 | 2.76| 6.04| 8 | 2.9

 | | | | | | | | | | |

March-------| 58.8 | 35.6 | 47.2 | 80 | 14 | 96 | 5.81 | 3.34| 8.01| 9 | 0.9

 | | | | | | | | | | |

April-------| 68.7 | 44.4 | 56.6 | 87 | 24 | 241 | 4.66 | 2.98| 6.19| 8 | 0.1

 | | | | | | | | | | |

May---------| 76.6 | 52.6 | 64.6 | 89 | 34 | 450 | 5.42 | 3.29| 7.33| 8 | 0.0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

June--------| 84.0 | 60.9 | 72.5 | 94 | 44 | 673 | 4.14 | 1.76| 6.16| 6 | 0.0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

July--------| 87.1 | 64.7 | 75.9 | 97 | 52 | 802 | 5.37 | 3.46| 7.10| 8 | 0.0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

August------| 86.7 | 63.5 | 75.1 | 97 | 50 | 771 | 4.23 | 2.45| 5.82| 7 | 0.0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

September---| 81.1 | 56.9 | 69.0 | 94 | 38 | 567 | 4.22 | 2.37| 5.86| 6 | 0.0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

October-----| 70.9 | 44.3 | 57.6 | 86 | 26 | 261 | 3.36 | 1.80| 4.95| 5 | 0.0

 | | | | | | | | | | |

November----| 59.5 | 36.5 | 48.0 | 80 | 14 | 97 | 4.77 | 3.05| 6.33| 7 | 0.9

 | | | | | | | | | | |

December----| 48.8 | 28.4 | 38.6 | 72 | 2 | 30 | 5.39 | 3.02| 7.49| 8 | 1.2

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Average---| 67.9 | 44.8 | 56.4 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Extreme---| --- | --- | --- | 98 | -10 | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | ---

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Total-----| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4,026 | 56.59 | 48.82| 64.09| 88 | 9.5

 | | | | | | | | | | | _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 * A growing degree day is a unit of heat available for plant growth. It can be calculated by adding the

maximum and minimum daily temperatures, dividing the sum by 2, and subtracting the temperature below which

growth is minimal for the principal crops in the area (50 degrees F).
Jackson County, Tennessee 113

Table 2.--Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall

(Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Cookeville, Tennessee.)

 ____________________________________________________________

 |

 | Temperature

 | _________________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 oF

 | or lower | or lower | or lower ____________________________________________________________

 | | |

 | | |

 Last freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in spring: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 9 | Apr. 16 | May 2

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Apr. 3 | Apr. 11 | Apr. 26

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 later than-- | Mar. 22 | Apr. 2 | Apr. 15

 | | |

 First freezing | | |

 temperature | | |

 in fall: | | |

 | | |

 1 year in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Oct. 31 | Oct. 18 | Oct. 5

 | | |

 2 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Nov. 5 | Oct. 23 | Oct. 10

 | | |

 5 years in 10 | | |

 earlier than-- | Nov. 15 | Nov. 1 | Oct. 20

 | | | ____________________________________________________________

Table 3.--Growing Season

(Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Cookeville,

 Tennessee.)

__________________________________________________

 |

 | Daily minimum temperature

 | during growing season

 | ___________________________________

 Probability | | |

 | Higher | Higher | Higher

 | than | than | than

 | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 oF

 | | | __________________________________________________

 | Days | Days | Days ____ ____ ____

 | | |

9 years in 10 | 216 | 194 | 167

 | | |

8 years in 10 | 223 | 200 | 174

 | | |

5 years in 10 | 237 | 212 | 187

 | | |

2 years in 10 | 250 | 224 | 200

 | | |

1 year in 10 | 257 | 230 | 207

 | | | __________________________________________________
114 Soil Survey

Table 4.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent

symbol | | |

_______|_________________________________________________________________________|____________|________

 | | |

AmB |Armour silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes----------------------------------| 1,241 | 0.6

AmC2 |Armour silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded-------------------------| 623 | 0.3

AmD2 |Armour silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded------------------------| 127 | *

Ar |Arrington silt loam, occasionally flooded--------------------------------| 3,033 | 1.5

BaF |Barfield-Gladdice-Rock outcrop complex, 20 to 70 percent slopes----------| 47,062 | 22.9

BcD |Barfield-Rock outcrop complex, 5 to 20 percent slopes--------------------| 1,950 | 1.0

BeB2 |Bewleyville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded---------------------| 289 | 0.1

BeC2 |Bewleyville silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded--------------------| 542 | 0.3

CrB2 |Christian silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded-----------------------| 23 | *

CrC2 |Christian silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded----------------------| 10,837 | 5.3

CrD2 |Christian silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded---------------------| 3,545 | 1.7

DaF |Dellrose and Mimosa soils, 20 to 60 percent slopes-----------------------| 16,304 | 7.9

DeC |Dellrose gravelly silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes----------------------| 432 | 0.2

DeD2 |Dellrose gravelly silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded-------------| 324 | 0.2

DeE |Dellrose gravelly silt loam, 20 to 45 percent slopes---------------------| 876 | 0.4

DkB2 |Dickson silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded-------------------------| 1,002 | 0.5

DkC2 |Dickson silt loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes, eroded-------------------------| 9 | *

HaD |Hawthorne gravelly silt loam, 5 to 20 percent slopes---------------------| 10,951 | 5.3

HaF |Hawthorne gravelly silt loam, 20 to 70 percent slopes--------------------| 69,470 | 33.7

HdF |Hawthorne-Rock outcrop complex, 40 to 80 percent slopes------------------| 105 | *

HoB |Holston loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes--------------------------------------| 936 | 0.5

HoC2 |Holston loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded-----------------------------| 2,038 | 1.0

HoD2 |Holston loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded----------------------------| 599 | 0.3

HoD3 |Holston loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, severely eroded-------------------| 433 | 0.2

HuB |Humphreys gravelly silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes----------------------| 550 | 0.3

HuC |Humphreys gravelly silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes---------------------| 770 | 0.4

Ld |Lindside silt loam, occasionally flooded---------------------------------| 1,149 | 0.6

MmB2 |Mimosa silty clay loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded--------------------| 112 | *

MmC2 |Mimosa silty clay loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded-------------------| 1,956 | 1.0

MmD2 |Mimosa silty clay loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded------------------| 1,950 | 1.0

Mn |Minter silt loam, occasionally flooded-----------------------------------| 285 | 0.1

MtB2 |Mountview silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded-----------------------| 6,155 | 3.0

MtC2 |Mountview silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded----------------------| 1,653 | 0.8

Oc |Ocana gravelly silt loam, occasionally flooded---------------------------| 3,777 | 1.8

Sk |Skidmore gravelly loam, occasionally flooded-----------------------------| 1,356 | 0.7

St |Staser loam, occasionally flooded----------------------------------------| 1,379 | 0.7

SuC2 |Sugargrove gravelly silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded------------| 2,795 | 1.4

SuD2 |Sugargrove gravelly silt loam, 12 to 20 percent slopes, eroded-----------| 833 | 0.4

SwB |Swafford loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes-------------------------------------| 688 | 0.3

SwC |Swafford loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes------------------------------------| 113 | *

SyB2 |Sykes silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded---------------------------| 278 | 0.1

SyC2 |Sykes silt loam, 5 to 12 percent slopes, eroded--------------------------| 677 | 0.3

Ud |Udarents, clayey---------------------------------------------------------| 87 | *

W |Water--------------------------------------------------------------------| 6,686 | 3.2

 | |____________|________

 | Total---------------------------------------------------------------| 206,000 | 100.0

_______|_________________________________________________________________________|____________|________

 * Less than 0.1 percent.
Jackson County, Tennessee 115

Table 5.--Prime Farmland

(Only the soils considered prime farmland are listed. Urban or built-up areas of the soils listed are

 not considered prime farmland.)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Map | Soil name

symbol |

_______|_______________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

AmB |Armour silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Ar |Arrington silt loam, occasionally flooded

BeB2 |Bewleyville silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded

CrB2 |Christian silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded

DkB2 |Dickson silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded

HoB |Holston loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

HuB |Humphreys gravelly silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

Ld |Lindside silt loam, occasionally flooded

MtB2 |Mountview silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded

Oc |Ocana gravelly silt loam, occasionally flooded

St |Staser loam, occasionally flooded

SwB |Swafford loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes

SyB2 |Sykes silt loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, eroded

_______|_______________________________________________________________________________________________
116 Soil Survey

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops

(Yields are those that can be expected under a high level of management. They are for

 nonirrigated areas. Absence of a yield indicates that the soil is not suited to the

 crop or the crop generally is not grown on the soil.)

__________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans | Tobacco | Wheat

 and soil name | capability | | | |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Bu | Bu | Lbs | Bu

 | | | | |

AmB----------------------| 2e | 120 | 43 | 2,900 | 55

 Armour | | | | |

 | | | | |

AmC2---------------------| 3e | 100 | 38 | 2,550 | 50

 Armour | | | | |

 | | | | |

AmD2---------------------| 4e | 85 | 30 | 2,100 | 45

 Armour | | | | |

 | | | | |

Ar-----------------------| 2w | 125 | 45 | 2,800 | ---

 Arrington | | | | |

 | | | | |

BaF----------------------| 7s | | | |

 Barfield----------------| | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Gladdice----------------| | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

BcD----------------------| 6s | | | |

 Barfield----------------| | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

BeB2---------------------| 2e | 110 | 40 | 2,700 | 53

 Bewleyville | | | | |

 | | | | |

BeC2---------------------| 3e | 95 | 38 | 2,550 | 50

 Bewleyville | | | | |

 | | | | |

CrB2---------------------| 2e | 85 | 35 | 2,500 | 40

 Christian | | | | |

 | | | | |

CrC2---------------------| 3e | 80 | 30 | 2,300 | 35

 Christian | | | | |

 | | | | |

CrD2---------------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Christian | | | | |

 | | | | |

DaF----------------------| 7e | | | |

 Dellrose----------------| | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Mimosa------------------| | --- | --- | --- | ---

 | | | | |

DeC----------------------| 3e | 85 | 32 | 2,200 | 45

 Dellrose | | | | |

 | | | | |

DeD2---------------------| 4e | 70 | 25 | 1,900 | 30

 Dellrose | | | | |

 | | | | |

DeE----------------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Dellrose | | | | |

 | | | | |

DkB2---------------------| 2e | 80 | 35 | 2,200 | 50

 Dickson | | | | |

 | | | | |

DkC2---------------------| 3e | 80 | 30 | 1,900 | 45

 Dickson | | | | |

 | | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 117

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans | Tobacco | Wheat

 and soil name | capability | | | |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Bu | Bu | Lbs | Bu

 | | | | |

HaD----------------------| 4s | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Hawthorne | | | | |

 | | | | |

HaF----------------------| 7s | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Hawthorne | | | | |

 | | | | |

HdF----------------------| 7s | | | |

 Hawthorne---------------| | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

HoB----------------------| 2e | 100 | 38 | 2,600 | 45

 Holston | | | | |

 | | | | |

HoC2---------------------| 3e | 90 | 30 | 2,400 | 40

 Holston | | | | |

 | | | | |

HoD2---------------------| 4e | 80 | 25 | 2,100 | 35

 Holston | | | | |

 | | | | |

HoD3---------------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Holston | | | | |

 | | | | |

HuB----------------------| 2e | 90 | 35 | 2,300 | 50

 Humphreys | | | | |

 | | | | |

HuC----------------------| 3e | 85 | 32 | 2,200 | 45

 Humphreys | | | | |

 | | | | |

Ld-----------------------| 2w | 125 | 45 | 2,600 | ---

 Lindside | | | | |

 | | | | |

MmB2---------------------| 3e | 45 | 25 | 1,400 | 45

 Mimosa | | | | |

 | | | | |

MmC2---------------------| 4e | 40 | 22 | 1,250 | 40

 Mimosa | | | | |

 | | | | |

MmD2---------------------| 6e | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Mimosa | | | | |

 | | | | |

Mn-----------------------| 4w | --- | --- | --- | ---

 Minter | | | | |

 | | | | |

MtB2---------------------| 2e | 95 | 38 | 2,650 | 52

 Mountview | | | | |

 | | | | |

MtC2---------------------| 3e | 85 | 35 | 2,550 | 50

 Mountview | | | | |

 | | | | |

Oc-----------------------| 2w | 85 | 30 | 2,200 | ---

 Ocana | | | | |

 | | | | |

Sk-----------------------| 3s | 50 | 20 | --- | ---

 Skidmore | | | | |

 | | | | |

St-----------------------| 2w | 110 | 40 | 2,500 | ---

 Staser | | | | |

 | | | | |

SuC2---------------------| 3e | 75 | 22 | 2,000 | 35

 Sugargrove | | | | |

 | | | | |
118 Soil Survey

Table 6.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops--Continued

__________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Land | Corn | Soybeans | Tobacco | Wheat

 and soil name | capability | | | |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Bu | Bu | Lbs | Bu

 | | | | |

SuD2---------------------| 4e | 65 | 20 | --- | 28

 Sugargrove | | | | |

 | | | | |

SwB----------------------| 2e | 95 | 38 | 2,300 | 50

 Swafford | | | | |

 | | | | |

SwC----------------------| 3e | 90 | 35 | 2,000 | 45

 Swafford | | | | |

 | | | | |

SyB2---------------------| 2e | 110 | 40 | 2,700 | 50

 Sykes | | | | |

 | | | | |

SyC2---------------------| 3e | 95 | 35 | 2,500 | 45

 Sykes | | | | |

 | | | | |

Ud: | | | | |

 Udarents. | | | | |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________|____________|____________
Jackson County, Tennessee 119

Table 7.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Pasture and Hay

(Yields are those that can be expected under a high level of

 management. They are for nonirrigated areas. Absence of a

 yield indicates that the soil is not suited to the

 crop or the crop generally is not grown on the soil.)

________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Land |Alfalfa hay |Tall fescue-

 and soil name | capability | | ladino

_________________________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Tons | AUM

 | | |

AmB----------------------| 2e | 4.00 | 8.00

 Armour | | |

 | | |

AmC2---------------------| 3e | 3.50 | 7.50

 Armour | | |

 | | |

AmD2---------------------| 4e | 3.00 | 6.50

 Armour | | |

 | | |

Ar-----------------------| 2w | --- | 8.00

 Arrington | | |

 | | |

BaF----------------------| 7s | |

 Barfield----------------| | --- | ---

 Gladdice----------------| | --- | ---

 Rock outcrop. | | |

 | | |

BcD----------------------| 6s | |

 Barfield----------------| | --- | 3.50

 Rock outcrop. | | |

 | | |

BeB2---------------------| 2e | 4.00 | 8.00

 Bewleyville | | |

 | | |

BeC2---------------------| 3e | 3.50 | 7.50

 Bewleyville | | |

 | | |

CrB2---------------------| 2e | 3.00 | 7.80

 Christian | | |

 | | |

CrC2---------------------| 3e | 2.80 | 7.00

 Christian | | |

 | | |

CrD2---------------------| 6e | 2.00 | 5.50

 Christian | | |

 | | |

DaF----------------------| 7e | |

 Dellrose----------------| | --- | ---

 Mimosa------------------| | --- | ---

 | | |

DeC----------------------| 3e | 3.00 | 6.00

 Dellrose | | |

 | | |

DeD2---------------------| 4e | 2.20 | 5.50

 Dellrose | | |

 | | |

DeE----------------------| 6e | --- | ---

 Dellrose | | |

 | | |

DkB2---------------------| 2e | --- | 7.00

 Dickson | | |

 | | |

DkC2---------------------| 3e | --- | 6.00

 Dickson | | |

 | | |
120 Soil Survey

Table 7.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre

 of Pasture and Hay--Continued

________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Land |Alfalfa hay |Tall fescue-

 and soil name | capability | | ladino

_________________________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Tons | AUM

 | | |

HaD----------------------| 4s | --- | 4.00

 Hawthorne | | |

 | | |

HaF----------------------| 7s | --- | ---

 Hawthorne | | |

 | | |

HdF----------------------| 7s | |

 Hawthorne---------------| | --- | ---

 Rock outcrop. | | |

 | | |

HoB----------------------| 2e | 3.80 | 7.50

 Holston | | |

 | | |

HoC2---------------------| 3e | 3.20 | 6.50

 Holston | | |

 | | |

HoD2---------------------| 4e | 2.80 | 6.00

 Holston | | |

 | | |

HoD3---------------------| 6e | 2.00 | 5.80

 Holston | | |

 | | |

HuB----------------------| 2e | 3.20 | 6.50

 Humphreys | | |

 | | |

HuC----------------------| 3e | 3.00 | 6.00

 Humphreys | | |

 | | |

Ld-----------------------| 2w | --- | 8.00

 Lindside | | |

 | | |

MmB2---------------------| 3e | --- | 4.50

 Mimosa | | |

 | | |

MmC2---------------------| 4e | --- | 4.00

 Mimosa | | |

 | | |

MmD2---------------------| 6e | --- | 3.00

 Mimosa | | |

 | | |

Mn-----------------------| 4w | --- | 5.00

 Minter | | |

 | | |

MtB2---------------------| 2e | 4.00 | 8.00

 Mountview | | |

 | | |

MtC2---------------------| 3e | 3.50 | 7.50

 Mountview | | |

 | | |

Oc-----------------------| 2w | --- | 7.00

 Ocana | | |

 | | |

Sk-----------------------| 3s | --- | 5.00

 Skidmore | | |

 | | |

St-----------------------| 2w | --- | 8.00

 Staser | | |

 | | |

SuC2---------------------| 3e | --- | 5.50

 Sugargrove | | |

 | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 121

Table 7.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre

 of Pasture and Hay--Continued

________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol | Land |Alfalfa hay |Tall fescue-

 and soil name | capability | | ladino

_________________________|____________|____________|____________

 | | Tons | AUM

 | | |

SuD2---------------------| 4e | --- | 5.00

 Sugargrove | | |

 | | |

SwB----------------------| 2e | --- | 7.00

 Swafford | | |

 | | |

SwC----------------------| 3e | --- | 6.00

 Swafford | | |

 | | |

SyB2---------------------| 2e | 3.50 | 7.50

 Sykes | | |

 | | |

SyC2---------------------| 3e | 3.00 | 6.50

 Sykes | | |

 | | |

Ud: | | |

 Udarents. | | |

_________________________|____________|____________|____________
122 Soil Survey

Table 8a.--Forestland Management

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The

 larger the value, the greater the limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in

 this table.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol |Pct.| Limitations affecting | Suitability for | Soil rutting

 and soil name | of | construction of | log landings | hazard

 |map | haul roads and | |

 |unit| log landings | |

 | |_________________________|_________________________|_________________________

 | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features |

_____________________|____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____

 | | | | | | |

AmB: | | | | | | |

 Armour--------------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | | | | | |

AmC2: | | | | | | |

 Armour--------------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | | | slope |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

AmD2: | | | | | | |

 Armour--------------|100 |Moderate: | |Poorly suited: | |Severe: |

 | | slope |0.50 | slope |1.00 | strength |1.00

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

Ar: | | | | | | |

 Arrington-----------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | flooding |0.50 | flooding |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

BaF: | | | | | | |

 Barfield------------| 30 |Severe: | |Poorly suited: | |Severe: |

 | | slope |1.00 | slope |1.00 | strength |1.00

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | |

 | | landslides |0.10 | landslides |0.10 | |

 | | | | | | |

 Gladdice------------| 25 |Severe: | |Poorly suited: | |Severe: |

 | | slope |1.00 | slope |1.00 | strength |1.00

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | |

 | | landslides |0.10 | landslides |0.10 | |

 | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop--------| 20 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | | |

BcD: | | | | | | |

 Barfield------------| 45 |Severe: | |Poorly suited: | |Severe: |

 | | restrictive layer |1.00 | slope |1.00 | strength |1.00

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | |

 | | landslides |0.10 | landslides |0.10 | |

 | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop--------| 40 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | | |

BeB2: | | | | | | |

 Bewleyville---------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | | | | | |

BeC2: | | | | | | |

 Bewleyville---------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | | | slope |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

CrB2: | | | | | | |

 Christian-----------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | | | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 123

Table 8a.--Forestland Management--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol |Pct.| Limitations affecting | Suitability for | Soil rutting

 and soil name | of | construction of | log landings | hazard

 |map | haul roads and | |

 |unit| log landings | |

 | |_________________________|_________________________|_________________________

 | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features |

_____________________|____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____

 | | | | | | |

CrC2: | | | | | | |

 Christian-----------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | | | slope |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

CrD2: | | | | | | |

 Christian-----------|100 |Moderate: | |Poorly suited: | |Severe: |

 | | slope |0.50 | slope |1.00 | strength |1.00

 | | stickiness/slope |0.50 | strength |0.50 | |

 | | strength |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | | |

DaF: | | | | | | |

 Dellrose------------| 55 |Severe: | |Poorly suited: | |Severe: |

 | | landslides |1.00 | slope |1.00 | strength |1.00

 | | slope |1.00 | landslides |1.00 | |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

 Mimosa--------------| 35 |Severe: | |Poorly suited: | |Severe: |

 | | slope |1.00 | slope |1.00 | strength |1.00

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

DeC: | | | | | | |

 Dellrose------------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | landslides |0.10 | slope |0.50 | |

 | | | | landslides |0.10 | |

 | | | | | | |

DeD2: | | | | | | |

 Dellrose------------|100 |Moderate: | |Poorly suited: | |Severe: |

 | | landslides |0.50 | slope |1.00 | strength |1.00

 | | slope |0.50 | strength |0.50 | |

 | | strength |0.50 | landslides |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

DeE: | | | | | | |

 Dellrose------------|100 |Severe: | |Poorly suited: | |Severe: |

 | | landslides |1.00 | slope |1.00 | strength |1.00

 | | slope |1.00 | landslides |1.00 | |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

DkB2: | | | | | | |

 Dickson-------------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | | | wetness |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

DkC2: | | | | | | |

 Dickson-------------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | | | wetness |0.50 | |

 | | | | slope |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

HaD: | | | | | | |

 Hawthorne-----------|100 |Moderate: | |Poorly suited: | |Severe: |

 | | landslides |0.50 | slope |1.00 | strength |1.00

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | |

 | | | | landslides |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |
124 Soil Survey

Table 8a.--Forestland Management--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol |Pct.| Limitations affecting | Suitability for | Soil rutting

 and soil name | of | construction of | log landings | hazard

 |map | haul roads and | |

 |unit| log landings | |

 | |_________________________|_________________________|_________________________

 | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features |

_____________________|____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____

 | | | | | | |

HaF: | | | | | | |

 Hawthorne-----------|100 |Severe: | |Poorly suited: | |Severe: |

 | | landslides |1.00 | slope |1.00 | strength |1.00

 | | slope |1.00 | landslides |1.00 | |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

HdF: | | | | | | |

 Hawthorne-----------| 48 |Severe: | |Poorly suited: | |Severe: |

 | | slope |1.00 | slope |1.00 | strength |1.00

 | | landslides |1.00 | landslides |1.00 | |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop--------| 47 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | | |

HoB: | | | | | | |

 Holston-------------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | | | | | |

HoC2: | | | | | | |

 Holston-------------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | | | slope |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

HoD2: | | | | | | |

 Holston-------------|100 |Moderate: | |Poorly suited: | |Severe: |

 | | slope |0.50 | slope |1.00 | strength |1.00

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

HoD3: | | | | | | |

 Holston-------------|100 |Moderate: | |Poorly suited: | |Severe: |

 | | slope |0.50 | slope |1.00 | strength |1.00

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

HuB: | | | | | | |

 Humphreys-----------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | | | | | |

HuC: | | | | | | |

 Humphreys-----------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | | | slope |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

Ld: | | | | | | |

 Lindside------------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | flooding |0.50 | flooding |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | |

 | | | | wetness |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

MmB2: | | | | | | |

 Mimosa--------------|100 |Slight | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | | | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | | | | | |

MmC2: | | | | | | |

 Mimosa--------------|100 |Slight | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | | | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | | | slope |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 125

Table 8a.--Forestland Management--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol |Pct.| Limitations affecting | Suitability for | Soil rutting

 and soil name | of | construction of | log landings | hazard

 |map | haul roads and | |

 |unit| log landings | |

 | |_________________________|_________________________|_________________________

 | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features |

_____________________|____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____

 | | | | | | |

MmD2: | | | | | | |

 Mimosa--------------|100 |Moderate: | |Poorly suited: | |Severe: |

 | | slope |0.50 | slope |1.00 | strength |1.00

 | | stickiness/slope |0.50 | strength |0.50 | |

 | | restrictive layer |0.50 | | | |

 | | strength |0.50 | | | |

 | | | | | | |

Mn: | | | | | | |

 Minter--------------|100 |Moderate: | |Poorly suited: | |Severe: |

 | | flooding |0.50 | wetness |1.00 | strength |1.00

 | | strength |0.50 | flooding |0.50 | |

 | | | | strength |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

MtB2: | | | | | | |

 Mountview-----------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | | | wetness |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

MtC2: | | | | | | |

 Mountview-----------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | | | slope |0.50 | |

 | | | | wetness |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

Oc: | | | | | | |

 Ocana---------------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | flooding |0.50 | flooding |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

Sk: | | | | | | |

 Skidmore------------|100 |Severe: | |Poorly suited: | |Slight |

 | | flooding |1.00 | flooding |1.00 | strength |0.10

 | | | | | | |

St: | | | | | | |

 Staser--------------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | flooding |0.50 | flooding |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

SuC2: | | | | | | |

 Sugargrove----------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | | | slope |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

SuD2: | | | | | | |

 Sugargrove----------|100 |Moderate: | |Poorly suited: | |Severe: |

 | | landslides |0.50 | slope |1.00 | strength |1.00

 | | slope |0.50 | strength |0.50 | |

 | | strength |0.50 | landslides |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

SwB: | | | | | | |

 Swafford------------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | | | | | |

SwC: | | | | | | |

 Swafford------------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | | | slope |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |
126 Soil Survey

Table 8a.--Forestland Management--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol |Pct.| Limitations affecting | Suitability for | Soil rutting

 and soil name | of | construction of | log landings | hazard

 |map | haul roads and | |

 |unit| log landings | |

 | |_________________________|_________________________|_________________________

 | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features |

_____________________|____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____

 | | | | | | |

SyB2: | | | | | | |

 Sykes---------------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | | | | | |

SyC2: | | | | | | |

 Sykes---------------|100 |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: | |Severe: |

 | | strength |0.50 | strength |0.50 | strength |1.00

 | | landslides |0.10 | slope |0.50 | |

 | | | | landslides |0.10 | |

 | | | | | | |

Ud: | | | | | | |

 Udarents------------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

_____________________|____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____
Jackson County, Tennessee 127

Table 8b.--Forestland Management

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The

 larger the value, the greater the limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in

 this table.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol |Pct.| Hazard of off-road | Hazard of erosion | Suitability for roads

 and soil name | of | or off-trail erosion | on roads and trails | (natural surface)

 |map | | |

 |unit| | |

 | |_________________________|_________________________|_________________________

 | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features |

_____________________|____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____

 | | | | | | |

AmB: | | | | | | |

 Armour--------------|100 |Slight | |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

AmC2: | | | | | | |

 Armour--------------|100 |Slight | |Severe: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.95 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | slope |0.50

 | | | | | | |

AmD2: | | | | | | |

 Armour--------------|100 |Moderate: | |Severe: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope/erodibility |0.50 | slope/erodibility |0.95 | slope |1.00

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

Ar: | | | | | | |

 Arrington-----------|100 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | | | flooding |0.50

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

BaF: | | | | | | |

 Barfield------------| 30 |Severe: | |Severe: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope/erodibility |0.75 | slope/erodibility |0.95 | slope |1.00

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | landslides |0.10

 | | | | | | |

 Gladdice------------| 25 |Severe: | |Severe: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope/erodibility |0.75 | slope/erodibility |0.95 | slope |1.00

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | landslides |0.10

 | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop--------| 20 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | | |

BcD: | | | | | | |

 Barfield------------| 45 |Slight | |Severe: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.95 | slope |1.00

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | landslides |0.10

 | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop--------| 40 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | | |

BeB2: | | | | | | |

 Bewleyville---------|100 |Slight | |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

BeC2: | | | | | | |

 Bewleyville---------|100 |Slight | |Severe: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.95 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | slope |0.50

 | | | | | | |

CrB2: | | | | | | |

 Christian-----------|100 |Slight | |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |
128 Soil Survey

Table 8b.--Forestland Management--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol |Pct.| Hazard of off-road | Hazard of erosion | Suitability for roads

 and soil name | of | or off-trail erosion | on roads and trails | (natural surface)

 |map | | |

 |unit| | |

 | |_________________________|_________________________|_________________________

 | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features |

_____________________|____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____

 | | | | | | |

CrC2: | | | | | | |

 Christian-----------|100 |Slight | |Severe: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.95 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | slope |0.50

 | | | | | | |

CrD2: | | | | | | |

 Christian-----------|100 |Moderate: | |Severe: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope/erodibility |0.50 | slope/erodibility |0.95 | slope |1.00

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

DaF: | | | | | | |

 Dellrose------------| 55 |Severe: | |Severe: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope/erodibility |0.75 | slope/erodibility |0.95 | slope |1.00

 | | | | | | landslides |1.00

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

 Mimosa--------------| 35 |Severe: | |Severe: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope/erodibility |0.75 | slope/erodibility |0.95 | slope |1.00

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | landslides |0.10

 | | | | | | |

DeC: | | | | | | |

 Dellrose------------|100 |Slight | |Severe: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.95 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | slope |0.50

 | | | | | | landslides |0.10

 | | | | | | |

DeD2: | | | | | | |

 Dellrose------------|100 |Moderate: | |Severe: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope/erodibility |0.50 | slope/erodibility |0.95 | slope |1.00

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | landslides |0.50

 | | | | | | |

DeE: | | | | | | |

 Dellrose------------|100 |Moderate: | |Severe: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope/erodibility |0.50 | slope/erodibility |0.95 | slope |1.00

 | | | | | | landslides |1.00

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

DkB2: | | | | | | |

 Dickson-------------|100 |Slight | |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | wetness |0.50

 | | | | | | |

DkC2: | | | | | | |

 Dickson-------------|100 |Slight | |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | wetness |0.50

 | | | | | | slope |0.50

 | | | | | | |

HaD: | | | | | | |

 Hawthorne-----------|100 |Slight | |Moderate: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.50 | slope |1.00

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | landslides |0.50

 | | | | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 129

Table 8b.--Forestland Management--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol |Pct.| Hazard of off-road | Hazard of erosion | Suitability for roads

 and soil name | of | or off-trail erosion | on roads and trails | (natural surface)

 |map | | |

 |unit| | |

 | |_________________________|_________________________|_________________________

 | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features |

_____________________|____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____

 | | | | | | |

HaF: | | | | | | |

 Hawthorne-----------|100 |Severe: | |Severe: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope/erodibility |0.75 | slope/erodibility |0.95 | slope |1.00

 | | | | | | landslides |1.00

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

HdF: | | | | | | |

 Hawthorne-----------| 48 |Very severe: | |Severe: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope/erodibility |0.95 | slope/erodibility |0.95 | slope |1.00

 | | | | | | landslides |1.00

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop--------| 47 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | | |

HoB: | | | | | | |

 Holston-------------|100 |Slight | |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

HoC2: | | | | | | |

 Holston-------------|100 |Slight | |Severe: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.95 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | slope |0.50

 | | | | | | |

HoD2: | | | | | | |

 Holston-------------|100 |Moderate: | |Severe: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope/erodibility |0.50 | slope/erodibility |0.95 | slope |1.00

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

HoD3: | | | | | | |

 Holston-------------|100 |Moderate: | |Severe: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope/erodibility |0.50 | slope/erodibility |0.95 | slope |1.00

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

HuB: | | | | | | |

 Humphreys-----------|100 |Slight | |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

HuC: | | | | | | |

 Humphreys-----------|100 |Slight | |Severe: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.95 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | slope |0.50

 | | | | | | |

Ld: | | | | | | |

 Lindside------------|100 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | | | flooding |0.50

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | wetness |0.50

 | | | | | | |

MmB2: | | | | | | |

 Mimosa--------------|100 |Slight | |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

MmC2: | | | | | | |

 Mimosa--------------|100 |Slight | |Severe: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.95 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | slope |0.50

 | | | | | | |
130 Soil Survey

Table 8b.--Forestland Management--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol |Pct.| Hazard of off-road | Hazard of erosion | Suitability for roads

 and soil name | of | or off-trail erosion | on roads and trails | (natural surface)

 |map | | |

 |unit| | |

 | |_________________________|_________________________|_________________________

 | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features |

_____________________|____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____

 | | | | | | |

MmD2: | | | | | | |

 Mimosa--------------|100 |Moderate: | |Severe: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope/erodibility |0.50 | slope/erodibility |0.95 | slope |1.00

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

Mn: | | | | | | |

 Minter--------------|100 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited: |

 | | | | | | wetness |1.00

 | | | | | | flooding |0.50

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

MtB2: | | | | | | |

 Mountview-----------|100 |Slight | |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | wetness |0.50

 | | | | | | |

MtC2: | | | | | | |

 Mountview-----------|100 |Slight | |Severe: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.95 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | slope |0.50

 | | | | | | wetness |0.50

 | | | | | | |

Oc: | | | | | | |

 Ocana---------------|100 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | | | flooding |0.50

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

Sk: | | | | | | |

 Skidmore------------|100 |Slight | |Slight | |Poorly suited: |

 | | | | | | flooding |1.00

 | | | | | | |

St: | | | | | | |

 Staser--------------|100 |Slight | |Slight | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | | | flooding |0.50

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

SuC2: | | | | | | |

 Sugargrove----------|100 |Slight | |Severe: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.95 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | slope |0.50

 | | | | | | |

SuD2: | | | | | | |

 Sugargrove----------|100 |Moderate: | |Severe: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope/erodibility |0.50 | slope/erodibility |0.95 | slope |1.00

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | landslides |0.50

 | | | | | | |

SwB: | | | | | | |

 Swafford------------|100 |Slight | |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

SwC: | | | | | | |

 Swafford------------|100 |Slight | |Severe: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.95 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | slope |0.50

 | | | | | | |

SyB2: | | | | | | |

 Sykes---------------|100 |Slight | |Moderate: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 131

Table 8b.--Forestland Management--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol |Pct.| Hazard of off-road | Hazard of erosion | Suitability for roads

 and soil name | of | or off-trail erosion | on roads and trails | (natural surface)

 |map | | |

 |unit| | |

 | |_________________________|_________________________|_________________________

 | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features |

_____________________|____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____

 | | | | | | |

SyC2: | | | | | | |

 Sykes---------------|100 |Slight | |Severe: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope/erodibility |0.95 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | slope |0.50

 | | | | | | landslides |0.10

 | | | | | | |

Ud: | | | | | | |

 Udarents------------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

_____________________|____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____
132 Soil Survey

Table 8c.--Forestland Management

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. The numbers in the value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The

 larger the value, the greater the limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in

 this table.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol |Pct.| Suitability for | Suitability for | Suitability for use of

 and soil name | of | hand planting | mechanical planting | harvesting equipment

 |map | | |

 |unit| | |

 | |_________________________|_________________________|_________________________

 | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features |

_____________________|____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____

 | | | | | | |

AmB: | | | | | | |

 Armour--------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

AmC2: | | | | | | |

 Armour--------------|100 |Well suited | |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

AmD2: | | | | | | |

 Armour--------------|100 |Well suited | |Poorly suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope |0.75 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

Ar: | | | | | | |

 Arrington-----------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

BaF: | | | | | | |

 Barfield------------| 30 |Moderately suited: | |Unsuited: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | stickiness |0.50 | slope |1.00 | slope |1.00

 | | slope |0.50 | stickiness |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

 Gladdice------------| 25 |Moderately suited: | |Unsuited: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | stickiness |0.50 | slope |1.00 | slope |1.00

 | | slope |0.50 | stickiness |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | rock fragments |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop--------| 20 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | | |

BcD: | | | | | | |

 Barfield------------| 45 |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | stickiness |0.50 | slope |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | stickiness |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop--------| 40 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | | |

BeB2: | | | | | | |

 Bewleyville---------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

BeC2: | | | | | | |

 Bewleyville---------|100 |Well suited | |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

CrB2: | | | | | | |

 Christian-----------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

CrC2: | | | | | | |

 Christian-----------|100 |Well suited | |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

CrD2: | | | | | | |

 Christian-----------|100 |Well suited | |Poorly suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope |0.75 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 133

Table 8c.--Forestland Management--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol |Pct.| Suitability for | Suitability for | Suitability for use of

 and soil name | of | hand planting | mechanical planting | harvesting equipment

 |map | | |

 |unit| | |

 | |_________________________|_________________________|_________________________

 | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features |

_____________________|____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____

 | | | | | | |

DaF: | | | | | | |

 Dellrose------------| 55 |Moderately suited: | |Unsuited: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope |0.50 | slope |1.00 | slope |1.00

 | | | | rock fragments |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

 Mimosa--------------| 35 |Moderately suited: | |Unsuited: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | stickiness |0.50 | slope |1.00 | slope |1.00

 | | slope |0.50 | stickiness |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

DeC: | | | | | | |

 Dellrose------------|100 |Well suited | |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | rock fragments |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

DeD2: | | | | | | |

 Dellrose------------|100 |Well suited | |Poorly suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope |0.75 | strength |0.50

 | | | | rock fragments |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

DeE: | | | | | | |

 Dellrose------------|100 |Well suited | |Unsuited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope |1.00 | slope |0.50

 | | | | rock fragments |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

DkB2: | | | | | | |

 Dickson-------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

DkC2: | | | | | | |

 Dickson-------------|100 |Well suited | |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

HaD: | | | | | | |

 Hawthorne-----------|100 |Well suited | |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | rock fragments |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

HaF: | | | | | | |

 Hawthorne-----------|100 |Moderately suited: | |Unsuited: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope |0.50 | slope |1.00 | slope |1.00

 | | | | rock fragments |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

HdF: | | | | | | |

 Hawthorne-----------| 48 |Moderately suited: | |Unsuited: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope |0.50 | slope |1.00 | slope |1.00

 | | | | rock fragments |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop--------| 47 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | | | |

HoB: | | | | | | |

 Holston-------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

HoC2: | | | | | | |

 Holston-------------|100 |Well suited | |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

HoD2: | | | | | | |

 Holston-------------|100 |Well suited | |Poorly suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope |0.75 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |
134 Soil Survey

Table 8c.--Forestland Management--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol |Pct.| Suitability for | Suitability for | Suitability for use of

 and soil name | of | hand planting | mechanical planting | harvesting equipment

 |map | | |

 |unit| | |

 | |_________________________|_________________________|_________________________

 | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features |

_____________________|____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____

 | | | | | | |

HoD3: | | | | | | |

 Holston-------------|100 |Well suited | |Poorly suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope |0.75 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

HuB: | | | | | | |

 Humphreys-----------|100 |Well suited | |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | rock fragments |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

HuC: | | | | | | |

 Humphreys-----------|100 |Well suited | |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | rock fragments |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

Ld: | | | | | | |

 Lindside------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

MmB2: | | | | | | |

 Mimosa--------------|100 |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | stickiness |0.50 | stickiness |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

MmC2: | | | | | | |

 Mimosa--------------|100 |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | stickiness |0.50 | stickiness |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | slope |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

MmD2: | | | | | | |

 Mimosa--------------|100 |Moderately suited: | |Poorly suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | stickiness |0.50 | slope |0.75 | strength |0.50

 | | | | stickiness |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

Mn: | | | | | | |

 Minter--------------|100 |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | stickiness |0.50 | stickiness |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

MtB2: | | | | | | |

 Mountview-----------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

MtC2: | | | | | | |

 Mountview-----------|100 |Well suited | |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

Oc: | | | | | | |

 Ocana---------------|100 |Well suited | |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | rock fragments |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

Sk: | | | | | | |

 Skidmore------------|100 |Well suited | |Moderately suited: | |Well suited |

 | | | | rock fragments |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

St: | | | | | | |

 Staser--------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

SuC2: | | | | | | |

 Sugargrove----------|100 |Well suited | |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | rock fragments |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 135

Table 8c.--Forestland Management--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol |Pct.| Suitability for | Suitability for | Suitability for use of

 and soil name | of | hand planting | mechanical planting | harvesting equipment

 |map | | |

 |unit| | |

 | |_________________________|_________________________|_________________________

 | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | limiting features | | limiting features | | limiting features |

_____________________|____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____

 | | | | | | |

SuD2: | | | | | | |

 Sugargrove----------|100 |Well suited | |Poorly suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope |0.75 | strength |0.50

 | | | | rock fragments |0.50 | |

 | | | | | | |

SwB: | | | | | | |

 Swafford------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

SwC: | | | | | | |

 Swafford------------|100 |Well suited | |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

SyB2: | | | | | | |

 Sykes---------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | | | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

SyC2: | | | | | | |

 Sykes---------------|100 |Well suited | |Moderately suited: | |Moderately suited: |

 | | | | slope |0.50 | strength |0.50

 | | | | | | |

Ud: | | | | | | |

 Udarents------------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated | |Not rated |

_____________________|____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____
136 Soil Survey

Table 8d.--Forestland Management

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does

 not eliminate the need for onsite investigation. The numbers in the

 value columns range from 0.01 to 1.00. The larger the value, the greater

 the limitation. See text for further explanation of ratings in this

 table.)

______________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol |Pct.| Suitability for | Suitability for

 and soil name | of | mechanical site | mechanical site

 |map | preparation (surface) | preparation (deep)

 |unit| |

 | |_________________________|_________________________

 | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | limiting features | | limiting features |

_____________________|____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____

 | | | | |

AmB: | | | | |

 Armour--------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

AmC2: | | | | |

 Armour--------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

AmD2: | | | | |

 Armour--------------|100 |Poorly suited: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope |0.50 | slope |0.50

 | | | | |

Ar: | | | | |

 Arrington-----------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

BaF: | | | | |

 Barfield------------| 30 |Unsuited: | |Unsuited: |

 | | slope |1.00 | slope |1.00

 | | | | restrictive layer |1.00

 | | | | |

 Gladdice------------| 25 |Unsuited: | |Unsuited: |

 | | slope |1.00 | slope |1.00

 | | stickiness |0.50 | restrictive layer |0.50

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop--------| 20 |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | |

BcD: | | | | |

 Barfield------------| 45 |Well suited | |Unsuited: |

 | | | | restrictive layer |1.00

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop--------| 40 |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | |

BeB2: | | | | |

 Bewleyville---------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

BeC2: | | | | |

 Bewleyville---------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

CrB2: | | | | |

 Christian-----------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

CrC2: | | | | |

 Christian-----------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

CrD2: | | | | |

 Christian-----------|100 |Poorly suited: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope |0.50 | slope |0.50

 | | | | |

DaF: | | | | |

 Dellrose------------| 55 |Unsuited: | |Unsuited: |

 | | slope |1.00 | slope |1.00

 | | | | |

 Mimosa--------------| 35 |Unsuited: | |Unsuited: |

 | | slope |1.00 | slope |1.00

 | | stickiness |0.50 | |

 | | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 137

Table 8d.--Forestland Management--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol |Pct.| Suitability for | Suitability for

 and soil name | of | mechanical site | mechanical site

 |map | preparation (surface) | preparation (deep)

 |unit| |

 | |_________________________|_________________________

 | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | limiting features | | limiting features |

_____________________|____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____

 | | | | |

DeC: | | | | |

 Dellrose------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

DeD2: | | | | |

 Dellrose------------|100 |Poorly suited: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope |0.50 | slope |0.50

 | | | | |

DeE: | | | | |

 Dellrose------------|100 |Poorly suited: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope |0.50 | slope |0.50

 | | | | |

DkB2: | | | | |

 Dickson-------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

DkC2: | | | | |

 Dickson-------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

HaD: | | | | |

 Hawthorne-----------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

HaF: | | | | |

 Hawthorne-----------|100 |Unsuited: | |Unsuited: |

 | | slope |1.00 | slope |1.00

 | | | | |

HdF: | | | | |

 Hawthorne-----------| 48 |Unsuited: | |Unsuited: |

 | | slope |1.00 | slope |1.00

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop--------| 47 |Not rated | |Not rated |

 | | | | |

HoB: | | | | |

 Holston-------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

HoC2: | | | | |

 Holston-------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

HoD2: | | | | |

 Holston-------------|100 |Poorly suited: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope |0.50 | slope |0.50

 | | | | |

HoD3: | | | | |

 Holston-------------|100 |Poorly suited: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope |0.50 | slope |0.50

 | | | | |

HuB: | | | | |

 Humphreys-----------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

HuC: | | | | |

 Humphreys-----------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

Ld: | | | | |

 Lindside------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

MmB2: | | | | |

 Mimosa--------------|100 |Poorly suited: | |Well suited |

 | | stickiness |0.50 | |

 | | | | |
138 Soil Survey

Table 8d.--Forestland Management--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Map symbol |Pct.| Suitability for | Suitability for

 and soil name | of | mechanical site | mechanical site

 |map | preparation (surface) | preparation (deep)

 |unit| |

 | |_________________________|_________________________

 | | Rating class and |Value| Rating class and |Value

 | | limiting features | | limiting features |

_____________________|____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____

 | | | | |

MmC2: | | | | |

 Mimosa--------------|100 |Poorly suited: | |Well suited |

 | | stickiness |0.50 | |

 | | | | |

MmD2: | | | | |

 Mimosa--------------|100 |Poorly suited: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope |0.50 | slope |0.50

 | | stickiness |0.50 | |

 | | | | |

Mn: | | | | |

 Minter--------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

MtB2: | | | | |

 Mountview-----------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

MtC2: | | | | |

 Mountview-----------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

Oc: | | | | |

 Ocana---------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

Sk: | | | | |

 Skidmore------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

St: | | | | |

 Staser--------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

SuC2: | | | | |

 Sugargrove----------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

SuD2: | | | | |

 Sugargrove----------|100 |Poorly suited: | |Poorly suited: |

 | | slope |0.50 | slope |0.50

 | | | | |

SwB: | | | | |

 Swafford------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

SwC: | | | | |

 Swafford------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

SyB2: | | | | |

 Sykes---------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

SyC2: | | | | |

 Sykes---------------|100 |Well suited | |Well suited |

 | | | | |

Ud: | | | | |

 Udarents------------|100 |Not rated | |Not rated |

_____________________|____|___________________|_____|___________________|_____
Jackson County, Tennessee 139

Table 8e.--Forest Productivity

_________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential productivity |

 |___________________________________|

 Map symbol and | | | |

 soil name | Common trees |Site | Volume | Trees to manage

 | |index|of wood |

 | | | fiber |

_________________________|____________________|_____|________|___________________

 | | |cu ft/ac|

 | | | |

AmB: | | | |

 Armour------------------|Yellow poplar-------| 100 | 107 |Yellow poplar,

 |Shortleaf pine------| 90 | 144 | shortleaf pine,

 |Black walnut--------| 85 | 75 | black walnut,

 |White oak-----------| 80 | 62 | white oak,

 |Southern red oak----| 80 | 62 | southern red oak

 | | | |

AmC2: | | | |

 Armour------------------|Yellow poplar-------| 100 | 107 |Yellow poplar,

 |Shortleaf pine------| 90 | 144 | shortleaf pine,

 |Black walnut--------| 85 | 75 | black walnut,

 |White oak-----------| 80 | 62 | white oak,

 |Southern red oak----| 80 | 62 | southern red oak

 | | | |

AmD2: | | | |

 Armour------------------|Yellow poplar-------| 100 | 107 |Yellow poplar,

 |Shortleaf pine------| 90 | 144 | shortleaf pine,

 |Black walnut--------| 85 | 75 | black walnut,

 |White oak-----------| 80 | 62 | white oak,

 |Southern red oak----| 80 | 62 | southern red oak

 | | | |

Ar: | | | |

 Arrington---------------|Yellow poplar-------| 100 | 107 |Yellow poplar,

 |Black walnut--------| 85 | 75 | black walnut,

 |Sweetgum------------| 85 | 70 | sweetgum, white

 |White oak-----------| 80 | 62 | oak, southern red

 |Southern red oak----| 80 | 62 | oak

 | | | |

BaF: | | | |

 Barfield----------------|Eastern redcedar----| 35 | 14 |Eastern redcedar

 | | | |

 Gladdice----------------|Chestnut oak--------| 55 | 43 |Chestnut oak,

 |Virginia pine-------| 55 | 41 | Virginia pine,

 |Eastern redcedar----| 40 | 40 | eastern redcedar

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | |

 | | | |

BcD: | | | |

 Barfield----------------|Eastern redcedar----| 40 | 40 |Eastern redcedar

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | |

 | | | |

BeB2: | | | |

 Bewleyville-------------|Yellow poplar-------| 90 | 90 |Yellow poplar,

 |Shortleaf pine------| 75 | 136 | shortleaf pine,

 |Northern red oak----| 80 | 62 | northern red oak,

 |Southern red oak----| 70 | 62 | southern red oak,

 |White oak-----------| 75 | 57 | white oak

 | | | |

BeC2: | | | |

 Bewleyville-------------|Yellow poplar-------| 90 | 90 |Yellow poplar,

 |Shortleaf pine------| 75 | 136 | shortleaf pine,

 |Northern red oak----| 80 | 62 | northern red oak,

 |Southern red oak----| 70 | 62 | southern red oak,

 |White oak-----------| 73 | 57 | white oak

 | | | |
140 Soil Survey

Table 8e.--Forest Productivity--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential productivity |

 |___________________________________|

 Map symbol and | | | |

 soil name | Common trees |Site | Volume | Trees to manage

 | |index|of wood |

 | | | fiber |

_________________________|____________________|_____|________|___________________

 | | |cu ft/ac|

 | | | |

CrB2: | | | |

 Christian---------------|Shortleaf pine------| 65 | 113 |Shortleaf pine,

 |Yellow poplar-------| 80 | 71 | yellow poplar,

 |Virginia pine-------| 65 | 70 | Virginia pine,

 |White oak-----------| 65 | 48 | white oak,

 |Northern red oak----| 65 | 48 | northern red oak,

 |Eastern redcedar----| 40 | 40 | eastern redcedar

 | | | |

CrC2: | | | |

 Christian---------------|Shortleaf pine------| 65 | 113 |Shortleaf pine,

 |Yellow poplar-------| 80 | 71 | yellow poplar,

 |Virginia pine-------| 65 | 70 | Virginia pine,

 |White oak-----------| 65 | 48 | white oak,

 |Northern red oak----| 65 | 48 | northern red oak,

 |Eastern redcedar----| 40 | 40 | eastern redcedar

 | | | |

CrD2: | | | |

 Christian---------------|Shortleaf pine------| 65 | 113 |Shortleaf pine,

 |Yellow poplar-------| 80 | 71 | yellow poplar,

 |Virginia pine-------| 65 | 70 | Virginia pine,

 |White oak-----------| 65 | 48 | white oak,

 |Northern red oak----| 65 | 48 | northern red oak,

 |Eastern redcedar----| 40 | 40 | eastern redcedar

 | | | |

DaF: | | | |

 Dellrose----------------|Yellow poplar-------| 100 | 100 |Yellow poplar,

 |Shortleaf pine------| 80 | 114 | shortleaf pine,

 |Northern red oak----| 75 | 57 | northern red oak

 | | | |

 Mimosa------------------|Virginia pine-------| 65 | 86 |Virginia pine,

 |Chestnut oak--------| 70 | 52 | chestnut oak,

 |Southern red oak----| 70 | 52 | southern red oak,

 |Eastern redcedar----| 40 | 45 | eastern redcedar

 | | | |

DeC: | | | |

 Dellrose----------------|Yellow poplar-------| 100 | 100 |Yellow poplar,

 |Shortleaf pine------| 80 | 114 | shortleaf pine,

 |Northern red oak----| 75 | 57 | northern red oak

 | | | |

DeD2: | | | |

 Dellrose----------------|Yellow poplar-------| 100 | 100 |Yellow poplar,

 |Shortleaf pine------| 80 | 114 | shortleaf pine,

 |Northern red oak----| 75 | 57 | northern red oak

 | | | |

DeE: | | | |

 Dellrose----------------|Yellow poplar-------| 100 | 100 |Yellow poplar,

 |Shortleaf pine------| 80 | 114 | shortleaf pine,

 |Northern red oak----| 75 | 57 | northern red oak

 | | | |

DkB2: | | | |

 Dickson-----------------|Yellow poplar-------| 90 | 90 |Yellow poplar,

 |Northern red oak----| 75 | 57 | white oak,

 |White oak-----------| 70 | 57 | southern red oak,

 |Shortleaf pine------| 70 | 125 | shortleaf pine

 | | | |

HaD: | | | |

 Hawthorne---------------|Eastern redcedar----| 35 | 41 |Eastern redcedar,

 |Virginia pine-------| 55 | 40 | Virginia pine

 | | | |

 | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 141

Table 8e.--Forest Productivity--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential productivity |

 |___________________________________|

 Map symbol and | | | |

 soil name | Common trees |Site | Volume | Trees to manage

 | |index|of wood |

 | | | fiber |

_________________________|____________________|_____|________|___________________

 | | |cu ft/ac|

 | | | |

HaF: | | | |

 Hawthorne---------------|Eastern redcedar----| 35 | 41 |Eastern redcedar,

 |Virginia pine-------| 55 | 40 | Virginia pine

 | | | |

HdF: | | | |

 Hawthorne---------------|Eastern redcedar----| 35 | 41 |Eastern redcedar,

 | | | | Virginia pine

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | |

 | | | |

HoB: | | | |

 Holston-----------------|Yellow poplar-------| 90 | 90 |Yellow poplar,

 |Shortleaf pine------| 75 | 136 | shortleaf pine,

 |Northern red oak----| 80 | 62 | northern red oak

 | | | |

HoC2: | | | |

 Holston-----------------|Yellow poplar-------| 90 | 90 |Yellow poplar,

 |Shortleaf pine------| 75 | 136 | shortleaf pine,

 |Northern red oak----| 80 | 62 | northern red oak

 | | | |

HoD2: | | | |

 Holston-----------------|Yellow poplar-------| 90 | 90 |Yellow poplar,

 |Shortleaf pine------| 75 | 136 | shortleaf pine,

 |Northern red oak----| 80 | 62 | northern red oak

 | | | |

HoD3: | | | |

 Holston-----------------|Yellow poplar-------| 90 | 90 |Yellow poplar,

 |Shortleaf pine------| 75 | 136 | shortleaf pine,

 |Northern red oak----| 80 | 62 | northern red oak

 | | | |

HuB: | | | |

 Humphreys---------------|Yellow poplar-------| 100 | 107 |Yellow poplar,

 |Sweetgum------------| 75 | 86 | sweetgum, black

 |American sycamore---| 75 | 81 | walnut, white ash

 |Black walnut--------| 85 | 75 |

 |White ash-----------| 80 | 75 |

 | | | |

HuC: | | | |

 Humphreys---------------|Yellow poplar-------| 100 | 107 |Yellow poplar,

 |Sweetgum------------| 75 | 86 | sweetgum, black

 |American sycamore---| 75 | 81 | walnut, white ash

 |Black walnut--------| 85 | 75 |

 |White ash-----------| 80 | 75 |

 | | | |

Ld: | | | |

 Lindside----------------|Yellow poplar-------| 95 | 98 |Yellow poplar,

 |Sweetgum------------| 85 | 70 | sweetgum, white

 |White oak-----------| 85 | 62 | oak, cherrybark

 |Cherrybark oak------| 80 | 62 | oak, black walnut

 |Black walnut--------| 85 | 55 |

 | | | |

MmB2: | | | |

 Mimosa------------------|Virginia pine-------| 65 | 86 |Virginia pine,

 |Chestnut oak--------| 70 | 52 | chestnut oak,

 |Southern red oak----| 70 | 52 | southern red oak,

 |Eastern redcedar----| 40 | 45 | eastern redcedar

 | | | |
142 Soil Survey

Table 8e.--Forest Productivity--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential productivity |

 |___________________________________|

 Map symbol and | | | |

 soil name | Common trees |Site | Volume | Trees to manage

 | |index|of wood |

 | | | fiber |

_________________________|____________________|_____|________|___________________

 | | |cu ft/ac|

 | | | |

MmC2: | | | |

 Mimosa------------------|Virginia pine-------| 65 | 86 |Virginia pine,

 |Chestnut oak--------| 70 | 52 | chestnut oak,

 |Southern red oak----| 70 | 52 | southern red oak,

 |Eastern redcedar----| 40 | 45 | eastern redcedar

 | | | |

MmD2: | | | |

 Mimosa------------------|Virginia pine-------| 65 | 86 |Virginia pine,

 |Chestnut oak--------| 70 | 52 | chestnut oak,

 |Southern red oak----| 70 | 52 | southern red oak,

 |Eastern redcedar----| 40 | 45 | eastern redcedar

 | | | |

Mn: | | | |

 Minter------------------|Sweetgum------------| 100 | 98 |Sweetgum, swamp

 |Swamp white oak-----| 80 | 43 | white oak,

 |Cherrybark oak------| 80 | 43 | cherrybark oak,

 |Green ash-----------| 78 | 43 | green ash

 | | | |

MtB2: | | | |

 Mountview---------------|Shortleaf pine------| 65 | 113 |Shortleaf pine,

 |Yellow poplar-------| 75 | 90 | yellow poplar,

 |Southern red oak----| 70 | 57 | southern red oak,

 |White oak-----------| 70 | 52 | white oak

 | | | |

MtC2: | | | |

 Mountview---------------|Shortleaf pine------| 65 | 113 |Shortleaf pine,

 |Yellow poplar-------| 75 | 90 | yellow poplar,

 |Southern red oak----| 70 | 57 | southern red oak,

 |White oak-----------| 70 | 52 | white oak

 | | | |

Oc: | | | |

 Ocana-------------------|Yellow poplar-------| 100 | 107 |Yellow poplar,

 |American sycamore---| 85 | 80 | sweetgum, American

 |Sweetgum------------| 85 | 85 | sycamore,

 |Cherrybark oak------| 80 | 62 | cherrybark oak,

 |White oak-----------| 75 | 57 | white oak

 | | | |

Sk: | | | |

 Skidmore----------------|Yellow poplar-------| 100 | 107 |Yellow poplar,

 |Sweetgum------------| 85 | 85 | sweetgum, American

 |American sycamore---| 85 | 80 | sycamore,

 |Cherrybark oak------| 80 | 62 | cherrybark oak,

 |White oak-----------| 75 | 57 | white oak

 | | | |

St: | | | |

 Staser------------------|Yellow poplar-------| 100 | 107 |Yellow poplar,

 |Cweetgum------------| 95 | 93 | sweetgum, black

 |Black walnut--------| 85 | 72 | walnut, cherrybark

 |Cherrybark oak------| 85 | 62 | oak, white oak

 |White oak-----------| 80 | 62 |

 | | | |

SuC2: | | | |

 Sugargrove--------------|Shortleaf pine------| 60 | 79 |Shortleaf pine,

 |Virginia pine-------| 55 | 55 | Virginia pine,

 |Chestnut oak--------| 50 | 41 | chestnut oak,

 |Eastern redcedar----| 45 | 45 | eastern redcedar

 | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 143

Table 8e.--Forest Productivity--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential productivity |

 |___________________________________|

 Map symbol and | | | |

 soil name | Common trees |Site | Volume | Trees to manage

 | |index|of wood |

 | | | fiber |

_________________________|____________________|_____|________|___________________

 | | |cu ft/ac|

 | | | |

SuD2: | | | |

 Sugargrove--------------|Shortleaf pine------| 60 | 79 |Shortleaf pine,

 |Virginia pine-------| 55 | 55 | Virginia pine,

 |Chestnut oak--------| 50 | 41 | chestnut oak,

 |Eastern redcedar----| 45 | 45 | eastern redcedar

 | | | |

SwB: | | | |

 Swafford----------------|Shortleaf pine------| 80 | 148 |Shortleaf pine,

 |Sweetgum------------| 85 | 107 | sweetgum, yellow

 |Yellow poplar-------| 95 | 98 | poplar, cherrybark

 |Cherrybark oak------| 80 | 70 | oak, northern red

 |Northern red oak----| 80 | 62 | oak

 | | | |

SwC: | | | |

 Swafford----------------|Shortleaf pine------| 80 | 148 |Shortleaf pine,

 |Sweetgum------------| 85 | 107 | sweetgum, yellow

 |Yellow poplar-------| 95 | 98 | poplar, cherrybark

 |Cherrybark oak------| 80 | 70 | oak, northern red

 |Northern red oak----| 80 | 62 | oak

 | | | |

SyB2: | | | |

 Sykes-------------------|Yellow poplar-------| 100 | 107 |Yellow poplar,

 |Shortleaf pine------| 90 | 144 | shortleaf pine,

 |Black walnut--------| 85 | 75 | black walnut,

 |White oak-----------| 80 | 62 | white oak,

 |Southern red oak----| 80 | 62 | southern red oak

 | | | |

SyC2: | | | |

 Sykes-------------------|Yellow poplar-------| 100 | 107 |Yellow poplar,

 |Loblolly pine-------| 90 | 144 | shortleaf pine,

 |Black walnut--------| 85 | 75 | black walnut,

 |White oak-----------| 80 | 62 | white oak,

 |Southern red oak----| 80 | 62 | southern red oak

 | | | |

Ud: | | | |

 Udarents. | | | |

_________________________|____________________|_____|________|___________________
144 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Recreational Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an

 entry indicates that no rating is applicable.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

AmB: | | | | |

 Armour-----------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

AmC2: | | | | |

 Armour-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | |

AmD2: | | | | |

 Armour-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | |

Ar: | | | | |

 Arrington--------------|Severe: |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | flooding | | flooding | | flooding

 | | | | |

BaF: | | | | |

 Barfield---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | too clayey | slope

 | | | depth to rock | | too clayey

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Gladdice---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

BcD: | | | | |

 Barfield---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe |Severe:

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | too clayey | depth to rock

 | too clayey | too clayey | depth to rock | | too clayey

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

BeB2: | | | | |

 Bewleyville------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

BeC2: | | | | |

 Bewleyville------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | |

CrB2: | | | | |

 Christian--------------|Slight: |Slight: |Moderate: |Slight |Slight:

 | | | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

CrC2: | | | | |

 Christian--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | small stones | slope | | slope

 | small stones | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

CrD2: | | | | |

 Christian--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 145

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

DaF: | | | | |

 Dellrose---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

DaF: | | | | |

 Mimosa-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

DeC: | | | | |

 Dellrose---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | large stones

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | | slope

 | | | | | small stones

 | | | | |

DeD2: | | | | |

 Dellrose---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

DeE: | | | | |

 Dellrose---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

DkB2: | | | | |

 Dickson----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes easily |

 | wetness | wetness | slope | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

DkC2: | | | | |

 Dickson----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | slope | slope | | |

 | wetness | wetness | | |

 | | | | |

HaD: | | | | |

 Hawthorne--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | |

HaF: | | | | |

 Hawthorne--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

HdF: | | | | |

 Hawthorne--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

HoB: | | | | |

 Holston----------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | | | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

HoC2: | | | | |

 Holston----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | | | | |
146 Soil Survey

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

HoD2: | | | | |

 Holston----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

HoD3: | | | | |

 Holston----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

HuB: | | | | |

 Humphreys--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | | droughty

 | | | | |

HuC: | | | | |

 Humphreys--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | small stones

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | | droughty

 | | | | |

Ld: | | | | |

 Lindside---------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | flooding | percs slowly | flooding | wetness | flooding

 | | wetness | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

MmB2: | | | | |

 Mimosa-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | |

 | | | slope | |

 | | | | |

MmC2: | | | | |

 Mimosa-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | | slope

 | slope | slope | | |

 | | | | |

MmD2: | | | | |

 Mimosa-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | |

Mn: | | | | |

 Minter-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | | | |

 | | | | |

MtB2: | | | | |

 Mountview--------------|Slight |Slight |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | | | slope | erodes easily |

 | | | | |

MtC2: | | | | |

 Mountview--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | | | | |

Oc: | | | | |

 Ocana------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | flooding | small stones | small stones | | flooding

 | | | | | large stones

 | | | | | small stones

 | | | | |

Sk: | | | | |

 Skidmore---------------|Severe: |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | flooding | | flooding | | flooding

 | | | small stones | | droughty

 | | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 147

Table 9.--Recreational Development--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and | Golf fairways

 and soil name | | | | trails |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

St: | | | | |

 Staser-----------------|Severe: |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Moderate:

 | flooding | | flooding | | flooding

 | | | | |

SuC2: | | | | |

 Sugargrove-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | | slope

 | small stones | small stones | small stones | | small stones

 | | | | |

SuD2: | | | | |

 Sugargrove-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

SwB: | | | | |

 Swafford---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | |

 | wetness | wetness | small stones | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

SwC: | | | | |

 Swafford---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | |

 | wetness | wetness | small stones | |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

SyB2: | | | | |

 Sykes------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes easily |

 | | | slope | |

 | | | small stones | |

 | | | | |

SyC2: | | | | |

 Sykes------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | percs slowly | percs slowly | slope | erodes easily | slope

 | slope | slope | | |

 | | | | |

Ud: | | | | |

 Udarents. | | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________
148 Soil Survey

Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating is

 applicable.)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for--

 |_______________________________________________________________|__________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- |

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Shrubs |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous | |plants | water | wild- | wild- | wildlife

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | | areas | life | life |

____________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|__________

 | | | | | | | | | | |

AmB: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Armour-------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

AmC2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Armour-------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

AmD2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Armour-------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

Ar: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Arrington----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

BaF: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Barfield-----------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Gladdice-----------|Very |Fair |Poor |Good |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

BcD: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Barfield-----------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

BeB2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bewleyville--------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

BeC2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Bewleyville--------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

CrB2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Christian----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

CrC2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Christian----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

CrD2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Christian----------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

DaF: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dellrose-----------|Very |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Mimosa-------------|Very |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 149

Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for--

 |_______________________________________________________________|__________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- |

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Shrubs |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous | |plants | water | wild- | wild- | wildlife

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | | areas | life | life |

____________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|___________

 | | | | | | | | | | |

DeC: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dellrose-----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

DeD2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dellrose-----------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

DeE: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dellrose-----------|Very |Poor |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Good |Very

 | poor | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

DkB2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dickson------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

DkC2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Dickson------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

HaD: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hawthorne----------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

HaF: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hawthorne----------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

HdF: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Hawthorne----------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

HoB: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Holston------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

HoC2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Holston------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

HoD2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Holston------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

HoD3: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Holston------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

HuB: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Humphreys----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

HuC: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Humphreys----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

Ld: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Lindside-----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |
150 Soil Survey

Table 10.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for--

 |_______________________________________________________________|__________________________

 Map symbol | Grain | | Wild | | | | | | Open- | Wood- |

 and soil name | and |Grasses|herba- | Hard- |Conif- |Shrubs |Wetland|Shallow| land | land | Wetland

 | seed | and | ceous | wood | erous | |plants | water | wild- | wild- | wildlife

 | crops |legumes|plants | trees |plants | | | areas | life | life |

____________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|__________

 | | | | | | | | | | |

MmB2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Mimosa-------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

MmC2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Mimosa-------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

MmD2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Mimosa-------------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

Mn: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Minter-------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good

 | | | | | | | | | | |

MtB2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Mountview----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | poor | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

MtC2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Mountview----------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | poor | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

Oc: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Ocana--------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | poor | | |

 | | | | | | | | | | |

Sk: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Skidmore-----------|Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Poor |Poor |Very |Good |Fair |Very

 | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

St: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Staser-------------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

SuC2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugargrove---------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

SuD2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugargrove---------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

SwB: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Swafford-----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

SwC: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Swafford-----------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

SyB2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sykes--------------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

SyC2: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Sykes--------------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very

 | | | | | | | poor | poor | | | poor

 | | | | | | | | | | |

Ud: | | | | | | | | | | |

 Udarents. | | | | | | | | | | |

____________________|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|_______|__________
Jackson County, Tennessee 151

Table 11.--Building Site Development

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite

 investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating

 is applicable.)

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | |

_________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | | |

AmB: | | | | | |

 Armour------------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe: |Slight

 | | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

AmC2: | | | | | |

 Armour------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | | | | | |

AmD2: | | | | | |

 Armour------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

Ar: | | | | | |

 Arrington---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | wetness | | | | |

 | | | | | |

BaF: | | | | | |

 Barfield----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | slope

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | slope | shrink-swell | too clayey

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | | |

 Gladdice----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | slope

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | slope | shrink-swell | too clayey

 | | | depth to rock | | slope |

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

BcD: | | | | | |

 Barfield----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | depth to rock | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength | too clayey

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | slope | shrink-swell | depth to rock

 | | | | depth to rock | depth to rock |

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

BeB2: | | | | | |

 Bewleyville-------------|Moderate: |Slight |Slight |Slight |Severe: |Slight

 | too clayey | | | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

BeC2: | | | | | |

 Bewleyville-------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | too clayey | | | | |

 | | | | | |

CrB2: | | | | | |

 Christian---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight

 | too clayey | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | | | | | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | |

CrC2: | | | | | |

 Christian---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | slope | low strength | slope

 | too clayey | slope | slope | | shrink-swell |

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |
152 Soil Survey

Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | |

_________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | | |

CrD2: | | | | | |

 Christian---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

DaF: | | | | | |

 Dellrose----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

 Mimosa------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

DeC: | | | | | |

 Dellrose----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | large stones

 | too clayey | | | | | slope

 | | | | | | small stones

 | | | | | |

DeD2: | | | | | |

 Dellrose----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

DeE: | | | | | |

 Dellrose----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

DkB2: | | | | | |

 Dickson-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | |

DkC2: | | | | | |

 Dickson-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | slope | low strength |

 | | | | | |

HaD: | | | | | |

 Hawthorne---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | | | |

HaF: | | | | | |

 Hawthorne---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | | |

HdF: | | | | | |

 Hawthorne---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | |

 | | | | | |

HoB: | | | | | |

 Holston-----------------|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight

 | | | | | |

HoC2: | | | | | |

 Holston-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

HoD2: | | | | | |

 Holston-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 153

Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | |

_________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | | |

HoD3: | | | | | |

 Holston-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

HuB: | | | | | |

 Humphreys---------------|Moderate: |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Slight |Moderate:

 | wetness | | wetness | | | small stones

 | | | | | |

HuC: | | | | | |

 Humphreys---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | wetness | | wetness | | |

 | | | | | |

Ld: | | | | | |

 Lindside----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | wetness | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | | | wetness | | low strength | wetness

 | | | | | |

MmB2: | | | | | |

 Mimosa------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | too clayey | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | low strength |

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | | |

MmC2: | | | | | |

 Mimosa------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | shrink-swell | shrink-swell | slope | low strength | slope

 | too clayey | slope | slope | | |

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | |

 | | | | | |

MmD2: | | | | | |

 Mimosa------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | low strength | slope

 | | | | | slope |

 | | | | | |

Mn: | | | | | |

 Minter------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | wetness | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | wetness

 | | wetness | wetness | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

MtB2: | | | | | |

 Mountview---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight

 | too clayey | wetness | shrink-swell | wetness | low strength |

 | | | wetness | | |

 | | | | | |

MtC2: | | | | | |

 Mountview---------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | shrink-swell | slope | low strength | slope

 | too clayey | wetness | slope | | |

 | | | wetness | | |

 | | | | | |

Oc: | | | | | |

 Ocana-------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | | | | | | large stones

 | | | | | | small stones

 | | | | | |
154 Soil Survey

Table 11.--Building Site Development--Continued

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | |

 Map symbol | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and

 and soil name | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping

 | | basements | basements | buildings | |

_________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | | |

Sk: | | | | | |

 Skidmore----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | wetness | | | | | droughty

 | | | | | |

St: | | | | | |

 Staser------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding

 | wetness | | | | |

 | | | | | |

SuC2: | | | | | |

 Sugargrove--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | | | |

SuD2: | | | | | |

 Sugargrove--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | |

SwB: | | | | | |

 Swafford----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | wetness | low strength |

 | | | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

SwC: | | | | | |

 Swafford----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Slight

 | wetness | slope | wetness | slope | low strength |

 | | wetness | | | wetness |

 | | | | | |

SyB2: | | | | | |

 Sykes-------------------|Moderate: |Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Severe: |Slight

 | too clayey | | shrink-swell | | low strength |

 | | | | | |

SyC2: | | | | | |

 Sykes-------------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate:

 | slope | slope | shrink-swell | slope | low strength | slope

 | too clayey | | slope | | |

 | | | | | |

Ud: | | | | | |

 Udarents. | | | | | |

_________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________
Jackson County, Tennessee 155

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an

 entry indicates that no rating is applicable.)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

AmB: | | | | |

 Armour-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight |Fair:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | | thin layer

 | | slope | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

AmC2: | | | | |

 Armour-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | too clayey | | thin layer

 | | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

AmD2: | | | | |

 Armour-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | too clayey | |

 | | | | |

Ar: | | | | |

 Arrington--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Good

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding |

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

BaF: | | | | |

 Barfield---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | hard to pack

 | depth to rock | depth to rock | too clayey | depth to rock | too clayey

 | | | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Gladdice---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | hard to pack

 | slope | depth to rock | too clayey | depth to rock | too clayey

 | depth to rock | | depth to rock | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

BcD: | | | | |

 Barfield---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | slope | too clayey | depth to rock | hard to pack

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | | too clayey

 | | | | | depth to rock

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

BeB2: | | | | |

 Bewleyville------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | | hard to pack

 | | slope | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

BeC2: | | | | |

 Bewleyville------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | slope | hard to pack

 | slope | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

CrB2: | | | | |

 Christian--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | | small stones

 | | | | |
156 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

CrC2: | | | | |

 Christian--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | slope | small stones

 | slope | | | |

 | | | | |

CrD2: | | | | |

 Christian--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | slope | | too clayey | | small stones

 | | | | |

DaF: | | | | |

 Dellrose---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | slope | seepage | slope

 | | slope | | slope | small stones

 | | | | |

 Mimosa-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | hard to pack

 | slope | | too clayey | | slope

 | | | depth to rock | | too clayey

 | | | | |

DeC: | | | | |

 Dellrose---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | slope | seepage | small stones

 | | slope | too clayey | |

 | | | | |

DeD2: | | | | |

 Dellrose---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | slope | seepage | slope

 | | slope | | slope | small stones

 | | | | |

DeE: | | | | |

 Dellrose---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | slope | seepage | slope

 | | slope | | slope | small stones

 | | | | |

DkB2: | | | | |

 Dickson----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

DkC2: | | | | |

 Dickson----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | wetness | wetness | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

HaD: | | | | |

 Hawthorne--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

HaF: | | | | |

 Hawthorne--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |

HdF: | | | | |

 Hawthorne--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | depth to rock | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock | depth to rock

 | | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 157

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

HdF: | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

HoB: | | | | |

 Holston----------------|Slight |Moderate: |Slight |Slight |Fair:

 | | seepage | | | small stones

 | | slope | | |

 | | | | |

HoC2: | | | | |

 Holston----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | | small stones

 | | | | |

HoD2: | | | | |

 Holston----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

HoD3: | | | | |

 Holston----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | slope | slope | slope | slope

 | | | | |

HuB: | | | | |

 Humphreys--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | | | wetness | |

 | | | | |

HuC: | | | | |

 Humphreys--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | wetness | slope | wetness | |

 | | | | |

Ld: | | | | |

 Lindside---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | too clayey

 | percs slowly | seepage | seepage | wetness | wetness

 | wetness | wetness | wetness | |

 | | | | |

MmB2: | | | | |

 Mimosa-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | depth to rock | hard to pack

 | | depth to rock | depth to rock | | too clayey

 | | | | |

MmC2: | | | | |

 Mimosa-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | slope | hard to pack

 | | | depth to rock | depth to rock | too clayey

 | | | | |

MmD2: | | | | |

 Mimosa-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | slope | slope | hard to pack

 | slope | | too clayey | | slope

 | | | depth to rock | | too clayey

 | | | | |

Mn: | | | | |

 Minter-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | hard to pack

 | percs slowly | | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |
158 Soil Survey

Table 12.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued

________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | |

 Map symbol | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon |Trench sanitary| Area sanitary | Daily cover

 and soil name | absorption | areas | landfill | landfill | for landfill

 | fields | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________

 | | | | |

MtB2: | | | | |

 Mountview--------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | | hard to pack

 | | slope | | | small stones

 | | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

MtC2: | | | | |

 Mountview--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | slope | hard to pack

 | slope | | | | small stones

 | | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

Oc: | | | | |

 Ocana------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | small stones

 | | seepage | seepage | seepage |

 | | | | |

Sk: | | | | |

 Skidmore---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding | seepage

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | | wetness | depth to rock | wetness |

 | | | | |

St: | | | | |

 Staser-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Good

 | flooding | flooding | flooding | flooding |

 | wetness | seepage | seepage | seepage |

 | | wetness | wetness | wetness |

 | | | | |

SuC2: | | | | |

 Sugargrove-------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | small stones

 | depth to rock | slope | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

SuD2: | | | | |

 Sugargrove-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor:

 | slope | seepage | seepage | seepage | slope

 | | slope | slope | slope | small stones

 | | | depth to rock | |

 | | | | |

SwB: | | | | |

 Swafford---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

SwC: | | | | |

 Swafford---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair:

 | percs slowly | wetness | too clayey | wetness | too clayey

 | wetness | | wetness | | wetness

 | | | | |

SyB2: | | | | |

 Sykes------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight |Poor:

 | percs slowly | seepage | too clayey | | hard to pack

 | | slope | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

SyC2: | | | | |

 Sykes------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor:

 | percs slowly | slope | too clayey | slope | hard to pack

 | | | | | too clayey

 | | | | |

Ud: | | | | |

 Udarents. | | | | |

________________________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________|_______________
Jackson County, Tennessee 159

Table 13.--Construction Materials

(The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need

 for onsite investigation. See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an

 entry indicates that no rating is applicable.)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

AmB: | | | |

 Armour------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

AmC2: | | | |

 Armour------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

AmD2: | | | |

 Armour------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

Ar: | | | |

 Arrington---------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines |

 | thin layer | | |

 | | | |

BaF: | | | |

 Barfield----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | shrink-swell | | | too clayey

 | depth to rock | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

 Gladdice----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | shrink-swell | | | too clayey

 | depth to rock | | |

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | |

 | | | |

BcD: | | | |

 Barfield----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | shrink-swell | | | too clayey

 | depth to rock | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | |

 | | | |

BeB2: | | | |

 Bewleyville-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

BeC2: | | | |

 Bewleyville-------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | thin layer

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

CrB2: | | | |

 Christian---------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | | | |
160 Soil Survey

Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

CrC2: | | | |

 Christian---------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | shrink-swell | | |

 | | | |

CrD2: | | | |

 Christian---------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | shrink-swell | | | too clayey

 | slope | | |

 | | | |

DaF: | | | |

 Dellrose----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Mimosa------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | slope | | | too clayey

 | | | |

DeC: | | | |

 Dellrose----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | thin layer | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

DeD2: | | | |

 Dellrose----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | thin layer | | | small stones

 | | | |

DeE: | | | |

 Dellrose----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

DkB2: | | | |

 Dickson-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | |

DkC2: | | | |

 Dickson-----------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | |

HaD: | | | |

 Hawthorne---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | depth to rock | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

HaF: | | | |

 Hawthorne---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | |

HdF: | | | |

 Hawthorne---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | depth to rock | | | small stones

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | |

 | | | |

HoB: | | | |

 Holston-----------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 161

Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

HoC2: | | | |

 Holston-----------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

HoD2: | | | |

 Holston-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

HoD3: | | | |

 Holston-----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

HuB: | | | |

 Humphreys---------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

HuC: | | | |

 Humphreys---------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

Ld: | | | |

 Lindside----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | wetness | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

MmB2: | | | |

 Mimosa------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

MmC2: | | | |

 Mimosa------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | shrink-swell

 | | | |

MmD2: | | | |

 Mimosa------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | shrink-swell | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

Mn: | | | |

 Minter------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | | wetness

 | | | |

MtB2: | | | |

 Mountview---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

MtC2: | | | |

 Mountview---------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | | | |

Oc: | | | |

 Ocana-------------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | | | |

Sk: | | | |

 Skidmore----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Probable |Poor:

 | large stones | small stones | | large stones

 | | | | small stones

 | | | |

St: | | | |

 Staser------------------|Good |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good

 | | excess fines | excess fines |

 | | | |
162 Soil Survey

Table 13.--Construction Materials--Continued

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil

 and soil name | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________

 | | | |

SuC2: | | | |

 Sugargrove--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | thin layer | excess fines | excess fines | small stones

 | depth to rock | | | thin layer

 | | | | depth to rock

 | | | |

SuD2: | | | |

 Sugargrove--------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor:

 | slope | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | thin layer | | |

 | depth to rock | | |

 | | | |

SwB: | | | |

 Swafford----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | too clayey

 | wetness | | |

 | | | |

SwC: | | | |

 Swafford----------------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | wetness | | | too clayey

 | | | |

SyB2: | | | |

 Sykes-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | thin layer

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

SyC2: | | | |

 Sykes-------------------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair:

 | low strength | excess fines | excess fines | slope

 | | | | thin layer

 | | | | too clayey

 | | | |

Ud: | | | |

 Udarents. | | | |

_________________________|__________________|__________________|__________________|__________________
Table 14.--Water Management (The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for ons

 See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that no rating is a____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- |____________________________________________|______________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|________ | | | | | | AmB: | | | | | |  Armour-----------------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | slope | | | | slope |  | | | | | | AmC2: | | | | | |  Armour-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | | AmD2: | | | | | |  Armour-----------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | | Ar: | | | | | |  Arrington--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | seepage | piping | slow refill | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | | deep to water| | flooding |  | | | | | | BaF: | | | | | |  Barfield---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| | | | slow intake | depth t | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | |  Gladdice---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | depth to rock| depth t | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | |  | | | | | | BcD: | | | | | |  Barfield---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | depth to rock| | | | droughty | depth t | | | | | |  | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | |  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- |____________________________________________|______________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|________ | | | | | | BeB2: | | | | | |  Bewleyville------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | seepage | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | slope | | | | slope |  | | | | | | BeC2: | | | | | |  Bewleyville------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | | CrB2: | | | | | |  Christian--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | seepage | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | slope | | | | slope |  | | | | | | CrC2: | | | | | |  Christian--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | | CrD2: | | | | | |  Christian--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | | DaF: | | | | | |  Dellrose---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | slope | | | | |  | | | | | |  Mimosa-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | | | | percs slowly | percs s | | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | | DeC: | | | | | |  Dellrose---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | slope | | | | |  | | | | | | DeD2: | | | | | |  Dellrose---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | slope | | | | |  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting |____________________________________________|_____________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrac and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diver | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|_______ | | | | | | DeE: | | | | | |  Dellrose---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | slope | | | | |  | | | | | | DkB2: | | | | | |  Dickson----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes  | slope | | | slope | rooting depth| wetnes | | | | | wetness |  | | | | | | DkC2: | | | | | |  Dickson----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | percs slowly | percs slowly | erodes  | | | | slope | rooting depth| slope  | | | | | wetness | wetnes | | | | | | HaD: | | | | | |  Hawthorne--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | slope | | | | depth to rock| depth  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | HaF: | | | | | |  Hawthorne--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | slope | | | | depth to rock| depth  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | HdF: | | | | | |  Hawthorne--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | slope | | | | depth to rock| depth  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | |  | | | | | | HoB: | | | | | |  Holston----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorab | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope |  | slope | | | | |  | | | | | | HoC2: | | | | | |  Holston----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting |____________________________________________|______________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diver | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|________ | | | | | | HoD2: | | | | | |  Holston----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | | HoD3: | | | | | |  Holston----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | | | | | | HuB: | | | | | |  Humphreys--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorab | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope |  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | HuC: | | | | | |  Humphreys--------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | slope | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | Ld: | | | | | |  Lindside---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | slow refill | flooding | flooding | erodes  | | wetness | | | wetness | wetnes | | | | | | MmB2: | | | | | |  Mimosa-----------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | depth to rock| | | | percs slowly | percs  | | | | | slope |  | | | | | | MmC2: | | | | | |  Mimosa-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | | | | percs slowly | percs  | | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | | MmD2: | | | | | |  Mimosa-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | | | | percs slowly | percs  | | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | | 
Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting |____________________________________________|______________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | diver | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|________ | | | | | | Mn: | | | | | |  Minter-----------------|Slight |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | | wetness | slow refill | flooding | erodes easily| erodes  | | | | percs slowly | percs slowly | percs  | | | | | wetness | wetnes | | | | | | MtB2: | | | | | |  Mountview--------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | slope | | | | slope |  | | | | | | MtC2: | | | | | |  Mountview--------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | | Oc: | | | | | |  Ocana------------------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorab | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| flooding |  | | | | | | Sk: | | | | | |  Skidmore---------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | seepage | deep to water| deep to water| flooding | large  | | | | | droughty |  | | | | | | St: | | | | | |  Staser-----------------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Favorab | seepage | piping | slow refill | deep to water| flooding |  | | | deep to water| | |  | | | | | | SuC2: | | | | | |  Sugargrove-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | slope | | | | | small  | | | | | | SuD2: | | | | | |  Sugargrove-------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | no water | deep to water| slope | slope  | slope | | | | | small  | | | | | | SwB: | | | | | |  Swafford---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitat | seepage | piping | no water | slope | erodes easily| erodes  | slope | | | | slope | wetnes | | | | | wetness | 
Ud: | | | | | |  Udarents. | | | | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|________

Table 14.--Water Management--Continued ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Limitations for-- | Features affecting- |____________________________________________|______________________________________ Map symbol |Pond reservoir| Embankments, | Aquifer-fed | | | Terrace and soil name | areas | dikes, and | excavated | Drainage | Irrigation | divers | | levees | ponds | | | ________________________|______________|______________|______________|______________|______________|________ | | | | | | 

SwC: | | | | | |  Swafford---------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | seepage | piping | no water | slope | erodes easily| erodes 

 | slope | | | | slope | wetness  | | | | | wetness |  | | | | | | SyB2: | | | | | |  Sykes------------------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | seepage | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | slope | | | | slope |  | | | | | | SyC2: | | | | | |  Sykes------------------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Limitation: |Limitation: |Limitati | slope | hard to pack | no water | deep to water| erodes easily| erodes  | | | | | slope | slope  | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties (Absence of an entry indicates that the data were not estimated.) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | 

 | | | | | | | | | AmB: | | | | | | | | |  Armour----------| 0-13 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|75-95  | 13-80 |Silty clay |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|75-95  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | AmC2: | | | | | | | | |  Armour----------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|75-95  | 9-80 |Silty clay |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|75-95  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | AmD2: | | | | | | | | |  Armour----------| 0-9 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|75-95  | 9-80 |Silty clay |CL |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|75-95  | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | Ar: | | | | | | | | |  Arrington-------| 0-37 |Silt loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |90-100|85-95  | 37-55 |Silty clay |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 55-80 |Silt loam, |CL, MH, ML |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 |85-100|75-100|65-95  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | BaF: | | | | | | | | |  Barfield--------| 0-4 |Silty clay, |CH, CL, MH |A-6, A-7 | 0-5 | 0-10 |90-100|85-95 |80-90  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 4-18 |Clay |CH, CL, MH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |70-100|65-90 |60-85  | 18-22 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Gladdice--------| 0-6 |Silty clay loam|CL, CL-ML |A-6, A-4, A-7| 0 | 0-15 |95-100|90-100|85-10 | 6-13 |Silty clay |CH, MH, CL |A-7 | 0 | 0-15 |95-100|90-100|85-10 | | loam, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | 13-30 |Clay, silty |CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0-15 |95-100|90-100|85-10 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 30-34 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passi Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |____________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | 

 | | | | | | | | | BaF: | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | BcD: | | | | | | | | |  Barfield--------| 0-4 |Silty clay, |CL, CH, MH |A-6, A-7 | 0-5 | 0-10 |90-100|85-95 |80-90  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 4-18 |Clay |CH, CL, MH |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |70-100|65-90 |60-85  | 18-22 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | BeB2: | | | | | | | | |  Bewleyville-----| 0-6 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-100 | 6-26 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 26-80 |Clay, clay |CL, CH, MH, |A-6, A-7 | --- | 0-5 |75-100|75-100|70-95  | | loam, silty | ML | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | BeC2: | | | | | | | | |  Bewleyville-----| 0-6 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-100 | 6-26 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 26-80 |Clay, clay |CL, MH, CH, |A-6, A-7 | --- | 0-5 |75-100|75-100|70-95  | | loam, silty | ML | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | CrB2: | | | | | | | | |  Christian-------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | --- | 0 |85-100|85-100|70-95  | 7-17 |Silty clay |GC, CL, ML, |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0 |70-100|50-100|40-100 | | loam, gravelly| SC | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 17-61 |Clay, silty |CH, SC, CL, |A-7 | --- | 0 |70-100|50-100|45-100 | | clay loam, | GC | | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | |  | 61-80 |Clay, clay |CL, GC, CH, |A-7 | --- | 0-3 |70-100|50-100|45-100 | | loam, gravelly| SC | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | 

 | | | | | | | | | CrC2: | | | | | | | | |  Christian-------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | --- | 0 |85-100|85-100|70-95  | 7-17 |Silty clay |GC, ML, CL, |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0 |70-100|50-100|40-10 | | loam, gravelly| SC | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 17-61 |Clay, silty |CL, CH, GC, |A-7 | --- | 0 |70-100|50-100|45-10 | | clay loam, | SC | | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | |  | 61-80 |Clay, clay |CH, CL, SC, |A-7 | --- | 0-3 |70-100|50-100|45-10 | | loam, gravelly| GC | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | CrD2: | | | | | | | | |  Christian-------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | --- | 0 |85-100|85-100|70-95  | 7-17 |Silty clay |CL, GC, SC, |A-4, A-6 | --- | 0 |70-100|50-100|40-10 | | loam, gravelly| ML | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 17-61 |Clay, silty |CL, CH, GC, |A-7 | --- | 0 |70-100|50-100|45-10 | | clay loam, | SC | | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | |  | 61-80 |Clay, clay |CH, SC, CL, |A-7 | --- | 0-3 |70-100|50-100|45-10 | | loam, gravelly| GC | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | DaF: | | | | | | | | |  Dellrose--------| 0-4 |Gravelly silt |CL-ML, GC, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-10 |55-90 |55-85 |45-75  | | loam | CL, SC | | | | | |  | 4-63 |Gravelly silty |GC, CL, ML, |A-6, A-4, A-7| 0 | 0-15 |60-90 |55-90 |50-75  | | clay loam, | SC | | | | | |  | | gravelly silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 63-80 |Clay |CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 |80-100|80-100|75-90  | | | | | | | | |  Mimosa----------| 0-5 |Silty clay loam|CL, ML |A-4, A-7, A-6| 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|65-95  | 5-9 |Silty clay |CH, CL, ML, |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-95  | | loam, silty | MH | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | 9-42 |Clay, silty |CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-95  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 42-46 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passi Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |____________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | 

 | | | | | | | | | 

DeC: | | | | | | | | |  Dellrose--------| 0-4 |Gravelly silt |CL, SC, CL- |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-10 |55-90 |55-85 |45-75  | | loam | ML, GC | | | | | |  | 4-63 |Gravelly silty |GC, ML, CL, |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0-15 |60-90 |55-90 |50-75  | | clay loam, | SC | | | | | |  | | gravelly silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 63-80 |Clay |CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 |80-100|80-100|75-90  | | | | | | | | | DeD2: | | | | | | | | |  Dellrose--------| 0-4 |Gravelly silt |CL-ML, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-10 |55-90 |55-85 |45-75  | | loam | GC, SC | | | | | |  | 4-63 |Gravelly silty |CL, GC, SC, |A-4, A-7, A-6| 0 | 0-15 |60-90 |55-90 |50-75  | | clay loam, | ML | | | | | |  | | gravelly silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 63-80 |Clay |CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 |80-100|80-100|75-90  | | | | | | | | | DeE: | | | | | | | | |  Dellrose--------| 0-4 |Gravelly silt |CL-ML, CL, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-10 |55-90 |55-85 |45-75  | | loam | GC, SC | | | | | |  | 4-63 |Gravelly silty |GC, CL, ML, |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0-15 |60-90 |55-90 |50-75  | | clay loam, | SC | | | | | |  | | gravelly silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 63-80 |Clay |CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 |80-100|80-100|75-90  | | | | | | | | | DkB2: | | | | | | | | |  Dickson---------| 0-11 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-100 | 11-25 |Silty clay |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-100 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 25-51 |Silty clay |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-7, A-6| 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-100 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 51-66 |Clay, gravelly |GC, MH, CL, |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-20 |70-100|60-100|55-100 | | silty clay | ML | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |____________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | 

 | | | | | | | | | DkC2: | | | | | | | | |  Dickson---------| 0-11 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | 11-25 |Silty clay |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 25-51 |Silty clay |CL, CL-ML |A-6, A-4, A-7| 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 51-66 |Clay, gravelly |GC, CL, MH, |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0-20 |70-100|60-100|55-10 | | silty clay | ML | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | HaD: | | | | | | | | |  Hawthorne-------| 0-4 |Gravelly silt |CL-ML, ML, |A-4 | 0 | 0-10 |60-80 |55-75 |50-70  | | loam | GC-GM, GM | | | | | |  | 4-23 |Very channery |CL-ML, GC-GM,|A-4, A-2, A-6| 0-5 | 0-15 |55-75 |45-70 |40-65  | | silt loam, | ML, GM | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 23-60 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | HaF: | | | | | | | | |  Hawthorne-------| 0-4 |Gravelly silt |CL-ML, GC-GM,|A-4 | 0 | 0-10 |60-80 |55-75 |50-70  | | loam | ML, GM | | | | | |  | 4-23 |Very channery |GC-GM, CL-ML,|A-2, A-4, A-6| 0-5 | 0-15 |55-75 |45-70 |40-65  | | silt loam, | GM, ML | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 23-60 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | HdF: | | | | | | | | |  Hawthorne-------| 0-4 |Gravelly silt |GC-GM, CL-ML,|A-4 | 0 | 0-10 |60-80 |55-75 |50-70  | | loam | GM, ML | | | | | |  | 4-23 |Very channery |CL-ML, ML, |A-4, A-2, A-6| 0-5 | 0-15 |55-75 |45-70 |40-65  | | silt loam, | GC-GM, GM | | | | | |  | | very channery | | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 23-60 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passi Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |____________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | 

 | | | | | | | | | HdF: | | | | | | | | |  Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | HoB: | | | | | | | | |  Holston---------| 0-9 |Loam |ML, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|65-100 | | | SC-SM, SM | | | | | |  | 9-17 |Clay loam, |ML, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|50-100 | | loam, sandy | SC-SM, SM | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 17-80 |Clay loam, |CL, SC, GC, |A-4, A-2, A- | 0 | 0 |60-100|55-100|50-100 | | loam, sandy | ML | 6, A-7 | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | HoC2: | | | | | | | | |  Holston---------| 0-9 |Loam |CL-ML, ML, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|65-100 | | | SM, SC-SM | | | | | |  | 9-17 |Clay loam, |ML, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|50-100 | | loam, sandy | SC-SM, SM | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 17-80 |Clay loam, |CL, SC, GC, |A-4, A-6, A- | 0 | 0 |60-100|55-100|50-100 | | loam, sandy | ML | 2, A-7 | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | HoD2: | | | | | | | | |  Holston---------| 0-9 |Loam |ML, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|65-100 | | | SC-SM, SM | | | | | |  | 9-17 |Clay loam, |ML, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|50-100 | | loam, sandy | SC-SM, SM | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | 17-80 |Clay loam, |CL, SC, GC, |A-4, A-6, A- | 0 | 0 |60-100|55-100|50-100 | | loam, sandy | ML | 2, A-7 | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | HoD3: | | | | | | | | |  Holston---------| 0-4 |Loam |ML, CL-ML, |A-2, A-4 | 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|65-100 | | | SC-SM, SM | | | | | |  | 4-80 |Clay loam, loam|GC, CL, ML, |A-2, A-7, A- | 0 | 0 |60-100|55-100|50-100 | | | SC | 4, A-6 | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | 

 | | | | | | | | | HuB: | | | | | | | | |  Humphreys-------| 0-5 |Gravelly silt |CL, ML, CL- |A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |60-75 |55-75 |50-70  | | loam, gravelly| ML, GC-GM | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 5-55 |Gravelly silty |CL, GC, SC |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |55-75 |50-75 |45-70  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 55-80 |Very gravelly |CL, SC, GC |A-4, A-2, A-6| 0 | 0-10 |45-75 |40-75 |30-65  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | HuC: | | | | | | | | |  Humphreys-------| 0-5 |Gravelly silt |CL, ML, CL- |A-4 | 0 | 0-5 |60-75 |55-75 |50-70  | | loam, gravelly| ML, GC-GM | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 5-55 |Gravelly silty |CL, GC, SC |A-6 | 0 | 0-5 |55-75 |50-75 |45-70  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 55-80 |Very gravelly |CL, SC, GC |A-4, A-2, A-6| 0 | 0-10 |45-75 |40-75 |30-65  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, gravelly| | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | Ld: | | | | | | | | |  Lindside--------| 0-12 |Silt loam, |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|80-10 | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam, loam | | | | | | |  | 12-65 |Silty clay |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passi Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |____________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | 

 | | | | | | | | | MmB2: | | | | | | | | |  Mimosa----------| 0-5 |Silty clay loam|CL, ML |A-7, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|65-95  | 5-9 |Silty clay |CL, CH, MH, |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-95  | | loam, silty | ML | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | 9-42 |Clay, silty |CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-95  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 42-46 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | MmC2: | | | | | | | | |  Mimosa----------| 0-5 |Silty clay loam|CL, ML |A-6, A-4, A-7| 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|65-95  | 5-9 |Silty clay |CL, CH, MH, |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-95  | | loam, silty | ML | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | 9-42 |Clay, silty |CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-95  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 42-46 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | MmD2: | | | | | | | | |  Mimosa----------| 0-5 |Silty clay loam|CL, ML |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 |80-100|75-100|65-95  | 5-9 |Silty clay |CH, ML, CL, |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-95  | | loam, silty | MH | | | | | |  | | clay, clay | | | | | | |  | 9-42 |Clay, silty |CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|90-100|85-95  | | clay | | | | | | |  | 42-46 |Unweathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | Mn: | | | | | | | | |  Minter----------| 0-7 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |80-100 | 7-68 |Silty clay, |CH, CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 | 100 | 100 |90-100 | | clay, silty | | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | MtB2: | | | | | | | | |  Mountview-------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-100 | 8-39 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-100 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 39-80 |Silty clay, |CL, MH, CH, |A-6, A-7 | --- | 0-20 |75-100|65-100|60-98  | | gravelly clay,| ML | | | | | |  | | gravelly silty| | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage pass Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number- and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |___________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|_____ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | 

 | | | | | | | | | MtC2: | | | | | | | | |  Mountview-------| 0-8 |Silt loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 | 0 | 0 | 100 |95-100|95-10 | 8-39 |Silty clay |CL |A-6, A-7 | 0 | 0 |95-100|95-100|90-10 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 39-80 |Silty clay, |CL, CH, MH, |A-6, A-7 | --- | 0-20 |75-100|65-100|60-98  | | gravelly clay,| ML | | | | | |  | | gravelly silty| | | | | | |  | | clay loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | Oc: | | | | | | | | |  Ocana-----------| 0-7 |Gravelly silt |CL-ML, GM, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-8 |65-80 |60-75 |50-70  | | loam | CL, SM | | | | | |  | 7-65 |Stratified |GC, CL, GC- |A-2, A-4, A-6| 0 | 0-8 |60-80 |55-75 |45-65  | | gravelly silt | GM, GM | | | | | |  | | loam, | | | | | | |  | | stratified | | | | | | |  | | gravelly loam,| | | | | | |  | | stratified | | | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | Sk: | | | | | | | | |  Skidmore--------| 0-10 |Gravelly loam |GM, ML, SM |A-4 | 0 | 0 |75-90 |70-85 |70-85  | 10-65 |Stratified very|GM, GP-GM |A-1, A-2 | --- | 5-30 |35-60 |20-50 |15-40  | | gravelly | | | | | | |  | | coarse sandy | | | | | | |  | | loam, | | | | | | |  | | stratified | | | | | | |  | | very gravelly | | | | | | |  | | clay loam, | | | | | | |  | | stratified | | | | | | |  | | extremely | | | | | | |  | | gravelly clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | St: | | | | | | | | |  Staser----------| 0-32 |Loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|80-100|60-85  | 32-80 |Loam, fine |CL-ML, CL, |A-2, A-4, A-6| --- | 0 |45-100|40-100|35-80  | | sandy loam | SC, SC-SM | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passi Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |____________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | 

 | | | | | | | | | SuC2: | | | | | | | | |  Sugargrove------| 0-12 |Gravelly silt |CL-ML, CL, |A-4 | 0 | 0-10 |65-85 |55-80 |45-75  | | loam | GM, ML | | | | | |  | 12-51 |Gravelly silty |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-15 |65-85 |55-80 |45-75  | | clay loam, | GC-GM | | | | | |  | | gravelly silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, channery| | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 51-65 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | SuD2: | | | | | | | | |  Sugargrove------| 0-12 |Gravelly silt |CL-ML, CL, |A-4 | 0 | 0-10 |65-85 |55-80 |45-75  | | loam | GM, ML | | | | | |  | 12-51 |Gravelly silty |CL, CL-ML, |A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0-15 |65-85 |55-80 |45-75  | | clay loam, | GC-GM | | | | | |  | | gravelly silt | | | | | | |  | | loam, channery| | | | | | |  | | silty clay | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 51-65 |Weathered | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---  | | bedrock | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | SwB: | | | | | | | | |  Swafford--------| 0-9 |Loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|75-100 | 9-35 |Clay loam, loam|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|75-95  | 35-55 |Clay loam, loam|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|75-95  | 55-70 |Clay loam, loam|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|75-95  | | | | | | | | | SwC: | | | | | | | | |  Swafford--------| 0-9 |Loam |CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|75-100 | 9-35 |Clay loam, loam|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|75-95  | 35-55 |Clay loam, loam|CL, CL-ML, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|75-95  | 55-70 |Clay loam, loam|CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |90-100|85-100|75-95  | | | | | | | | | SyB2: | | | | | | | | |  Sykes-----------| 0-5 |Silt loam |CL, ML, CL-ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |85-100|85-100|75-100 | 5-24 |Silty clay |CL |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 |85-100|85-100|80-100 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 24-50 |Silty clay, |CL, CH, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 |85-100|85-100|80-100 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 50-80 |Clay, silty |CH, CL, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|85-100|80-100 | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | 
Table 15.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Classification | Fragments | Percentage passi Map symbol | Depth | USDA texture |___________________________|_____________| sieve number--  and soil name | | | | | >10 | 3-10 |____________________ | | | Unified | AASHTO |inches|inches| 4 | 10 | 40 _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______ | In | | | | Pct | Pct | | | 

 | | | | | | | | | SyC2: | | | | | | | | |  Sykes-----------| 0-5 |Silt loam |CL-ML, CL, ML|A-4, A-6 | 0 | 0 |85-100|85-100|75-100 | 5-24 |Silty clay |CL |A-4, A-6, A-7| 0 | 0 |85-100|85-100|80-100 | | loam, silt | | | | | | |  | | loam | | | | | | |  | 24-50 |Silty clay, |CH, CL, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0 |85-100|85-100|80-100 | | clay | | | | | | |  | 50-80 |Clay, silty |CH, CL, MH |A-7 | 0 | 0-5 |85-100|85-100|80-100 | | clay | | | | | | |  | | | | | | | | | Ud: | | | | | | | | |  Udarents. | | | | | | | | | _________________|_______|_______________|_____________|_____________|______|______|______|______|______
180 Soil Survey

Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils

(Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire profile. Absence of an entry indicates that data

 were not estimated.)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear |Organic|________________

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- |matter | | |

 | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T

_________________________|_______|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_______|_____|_____|____

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

AmB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Armour------------------| 0-13 | 15-27|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.23| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .43 | .43 | 5

 | 13-80 | 22-40|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .37 | .37 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

AmC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Armour------------------| 0-9 | 15-27|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.23| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .43 | .43 | 5

 | 9-80 | 22-40|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .37 | .37 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

AmD2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Armour------------------| 0-9 | 15-27|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.23| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .43 | .43 | 5

 | 9-80 | 22-40|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .37 | .37 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Ar: | | | | | | | | | |

 Arrington---------------| 0-37 | 18-35|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.19-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |2.0-4.0| .37 | .37 | 5

 | 37-55 | 18-35|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.19-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .37 | .37 |

 | 55-80 | 20-45|1.30-1.45| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .32 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

BaF: | | | | | | | | | |

 Barfield----------------| 0-4 | 35-55|1.30-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.10-0.15| 3.0-5.9 |2.0-4.0| .24 | .24 | 1

 | 4-18 | 35-55|1.30-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.09-0.14| 6.0-8.9 |1.0-3.0| .17 | .20 |

 | 18-22 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Gladdice----------------| 0-6 | 22-40|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.18| 3.0-5.9 |2.0-5.0| .28 | .32 | 2

 | 6-13 | 35-55|1.30-1.45| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.15| 6.0-8.9 |0.5-1.0| .24 | .24 |

 | 13-30 | 40-60|1.30-1.45| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.15| 6.0-8.9 |0.5-1.0| .24 | .24 |

 | 30-34 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

BcD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Barfield----------------| 0-4 | 35-55|1.30-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.10-0.15| 3.0-5.9 |2.0-4.0| .24 | .24 | 1

 | 4-18 | 35-55|1.30-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.09-0.14| 6.0-8.9 |1.0-3.0| .17 | .20 |

 | 18-22 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

BeB2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bewleyville-------------| 0-6 | 15-27|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .43 | .43 | 5

 | 6-26 | 22-35|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .37 | .37 |

 | 26-80 | 35-50|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.17| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .37 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

BeC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Bewleyville-------------| 0-6 | 15-27|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .43 | .43 | 5

 | 6-26 | 22-35|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .37 | .37 |

 | 26-80 | 35-50|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.17| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .37 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

CrB2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Christian---------------| 0-7 | 12-27|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .37 | .37 | 4

 | 7-17 | 27-40|1.20-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | --- | .28 | .32 |

 | 17-61 | 40-60|1.30-1.60| 0.06-0.20 |0.10-0.16| 3.0-5.9 | --- | .28 | .28 |

 | 61-80 | 40-60|1.30-1.60| 0.06-0.20 |0.10-0.16| 3.0-5.9 | --- | .28 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

CrC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Christian---------------| 0-7 | 12-27|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .37 | .37 | 4

 | 7-17 | 27-40|1.20-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | --- | .28 | .32 |

 | 17-61 | 40-60|1.30-1.60| 0.06-0.20 |0.10-0.16| 3.0-5.9 | --- | .28 | .28 |

 | 61-80 | 40-60|1.30-1.60| 0.06-0.20 |0.10-0.16| 3.0-5.9 | --- | .28 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 181

Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear |Organic|________________

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- |matter | | |

 | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T

_________________________|_______|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_______|_____|_____|____

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

CrD2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Christian---------------| 0-7 | 12-27|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .37 | .37 | 4

 | 7-17 | 27-40|1.20-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.19| 3.0-5.9 | --- | .28 | .32 |

 | 17-61 | 40-60|1.30-1.60| 0.06-0.20 |0.10-0.16| 3.0-5.9 | --- | .28 | .28 |

 | 61-80 | 40-60|1.30-1.60| 0.06-0.20 |0.10-0.16| 3.0-5.9 | --- | .28 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

DaF: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dellrose----------------| 0-4 | 15-27|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.10-0.17| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .24 | .32 | 5

 | 4-63 | 20-35|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.16| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .28 |

 | 63-80 | 40-55|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.08-0.12| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Mimosa------------------| 0-5 | 24-40|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .37 | .37 | 3

 | 5-9 | 35-55|1.30-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.16| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

 | 9-42 | 45-60|1.35-1.55| 0.02-0.20 |0.10-0.16| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | 42-46 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | |

DeC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dellrose----------------| 0-4 | 15-27|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.10-0.17| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .24 | .32 | 5

 | 4-63 | 20-35|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.16| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .28 |

 | 63-80 | 40-55|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.08-0.12| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

DeD2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dellrose----------------| 0-4 | 15-27|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.10-0.17| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .24 | .32 | 5

 | 4-63 | 20-35|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.16| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .28 |

 | 63-80 | 40-55|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.08-0.12| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

DeE: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dellrose----------------| 0-4 | 15-27|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.10-0.17| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .24 | .32 | 5

 | 4-63 | 20-35|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.16| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .28 |

 | 63-80 | 40-55|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.08-0.12| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

DkB2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dickson-----------------| 0-11 | 15-26|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .43 | .43 | 4

 | 11-25 | 18-30|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .43 | .43 |

 | 25-51 | 20-32|1.55-1.75| 0.02-0.20 |0.01-0.01| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .43 | .43 |

 | 51-66 | 35-50|1.35-1.55| 0.20-0.60 |0.02-0.04| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

DkC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Dickson-----------------| 0-11 | 15-26|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .43 | .43 | 4

 | 11-25 | 18-30|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .43 | .43 |

 | 25-51 | 20-32|1.55-1.75| 0.02-0.20 |0.01-0.01| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .43 | .43 |

 | 51-66 | 35-50|1.35-1.55| 0.20-0.60 |0.02-0.04| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

HaD: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hawthorne---------------| 0-4 | 12-25|1.40-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.14-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .20 | .37 | 3

 | 4-23 | 15-32|1.40-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .10 | .32 |

 | 23-60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | |

HaF: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hawthorne---------------| 0-4 | 12-25|1.40-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.14-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .20 | .37 | 3

 | 4-23 | 15-32|1.40-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .10 | .32 |

 | 23-60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | |

HdF: | | | | | | | | | |

 Hawthorne---------------| 0-4 | 12-25|1.40-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.14-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .20 | .37 | 3

 | 4-23 | 15-32|1.40-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.05-0.10| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .10 | .32 |

 | 23-60 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | | | | | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |
182 Soil Survey

Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear |Organic|________________

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- |matter | | |

 | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T

_________________________|_______|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_______|_____|_____|____

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

HoB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Holston-----------------| 0-9 | 10-25|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .28 | .28 | 5

 | 9-17 | 18-35|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | 17-80 | 20-45|1.40-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

HoC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Holston-----------------| 0-9 | 10-25|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .28 | .28 | 5

 | 9-17 | 18-35|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | 17-80 | 20-45|1.40-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

HoD2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Holston-----------------| 0-9 | 10-25|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .28 | .28 | 5

 | 9-17 | 18-35|1.40-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.13-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | 17-80 | 20-45|1.40-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

HoD3: | | | | | | | | | |

 Holston-----------------| 0-4 | 10-25|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-2.0| .28 | .28 | 5

 | 4-80 | 20-45|1.40-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

HuB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Humphreys---------------| 0-5 | 12-25|1.35-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.10-0.15| 0.0-2.9 |2.0-4.0| .28 | .32 | 5

 | 5-55 | 18-32|1.35-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.14| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .28 |

 | 55-80 | 18-32|1.40-1.60| 2.00-10.00|0.06-0.12| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

HuC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Humphreys---------------| 0-5 | 12-25|1.35-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.10-0.15| 0.0-2.9 |2.0-4.0| .28 | .32 | 5

 | 5-55 | 18-32|1.35-1.55| 2.00-6.00 |0.09-0.14| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .28 |

 | 55-80 | 18-32|1.40-1.60| 2.00-10.00|0.06-0.12| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .28 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Ld: | | | | | | | | | |

 Lindside----------------| 0-12 | 15-27|1.20-1.40| 0.60-2.00 |0.20-0.26| 0.0-2.9 |2.0-4.0| .32 | .32 | 5

 | 12-65 | 18-35|1.20-1.40| 0.20-2.00 |0.17-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .37 | .37 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

MmB2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mimosa------------------| 0-5 | 24-40|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .37 | .37 | 3

 | 5-9 | 35-55|1.30-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.16| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

 | 9-42 | 45-60|1.35-1.55| 0.02-0.20 |0.10-0.16| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | 42-46 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | |

MmC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mimosa------------------| 0-5 | 24-40|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .37 | .37 | 3

 | 5-9 | 35-55|1.30-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.16| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

 | 9-42 | 45-60|1.35-1.55| 0.02-0.20 |0.10-0.16| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | 42-46 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | |

MmD2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mimosa------------------| 0-5 | 24-40|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.12-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .37 | .37 | 3

 | 5-9 | 35-55|1.30-1.50| 0.20-0.60 |0.12-0.16| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .28 |

 | 9-42 | 45-60|1.35-1.55| 0.02-0.20 |0.10-0.16| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .24 | .24 |

 | 42-46 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Mn: | | | | | | | | | |

 Minter------------------| 0-7 | 14-27|1.45-1.65| 0.57-1.98 |0.16-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .37 | .37 | 5

 | 7-68 | 35-50|1.35-1.65| 0.02-0.06 |0.14-0.20| 3.0-5.9 |0.1-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

MtB2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mountview---------------| 0-8 | 15-25|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .43 | .43 | 5

 | 8-39 | 20-35|1.40-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .43 | .43 |

 | 39-80 | 35-55|1.30-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.10-0.15| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .37 |

 | | | | | | | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 183

Table 16.--Physical Properties of the Soils--Continued

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | | | | | |Erosion factors

 Map symbol | Depth | Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Linear |Organic|________________

 and soil name | | | bulk | bility | water |extensi- |matter | | |

 | | | density | (Ksat) |capacity | bility | | Kw | Kf | T

_________________________|_______|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_______|_____|_____|____

 | In | Pct | g/cc | In/hr | In/in | Pct | Pct | | |

 | | | | | | | | | |

MtC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Mountview---------------| 0-8 | 15-25|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .43 | .43 | 5

 | 8-39 | 20-35|1.40-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.17-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .43 | .43 |

 | 39-80 | 35-55|1.30-1.50| 0.20-2.00 |0.10-0.15| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .37 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Oc: | | | | | | | | | |

 Ocana-------------------| 0-7 | 18-27|1.35-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.12-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .28 | .32 | 5

 | 7-65 | 20-32|1.35-1.50| 2.00-6.00 |0.10-0.17| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .28 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Sk: | | | | | | | | | |

 Skidmore----------------| 0-10 | 17-27|1.20-1.40| 2.00-6.00 |0.13-0.18| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .32 | .32 | 3

 | 10-65 | 7-18|1.30-1.60| 2.00-10.00|0.04-0.10| 0.0-2.9 | --- | .17 | .24 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

St: | | | | | | | | | |

 Staser------------------| 0-32 | 18-27|1.40-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.15-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |2.0-4.0| .32 | .32 | 5

 | 32-80 | 18-27|1.40-1.60| 0.60-2.00 |0.07-0.18| 0.0-2.9 | --- | .28 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

SuC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugargrove--------------| 0-12 | 10-27|1.20-1.40| 0.60-6.00 |0.14-0.19| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .28 | .37 | 4

 | 12-51 | 18-35|1.30-1.50| 0.60-6.00 |0.14-0.19| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .32 |

 | 51-65 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | |

SuD2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sugargrove--------------| 0-12 | 10-27|1.20-1.40| 0.60-6.00 |0.14-0.19| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .28 | .37 | 4

 | 12-51 | 18-35|1.30-1.50| 0.60-6.00 |0.14-0.19| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .28 | .32 |

 | 51-65 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |

 | | | | | | | | | |

SwB: | | | | | | | | | |

 Swafford----------------| 0-9 | 12-25|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-2.0| .37 | .37 | 5

 | 9-35 | 18-32|1.40-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 |

 | 35-55 | 18-32|1.45-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.13-0.17| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | 55-70 | 18-32|1.40-1.55| 0.20-0.60 |0.13-0.17| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

SwC: | | | | | | | | | |

 Swafford----------------| 0-9 | 12-25|1.35-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.16-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-2.0| .37 | .37 | 5

 | 9-35 | 18-32|1.40-1.50| 0.60-2.00 |0.14-0.20| 0.0-2.9 |0.5-1.0| .32 | .32 |

 | 35-55 | 18-32|1.45-1.60| 0.20-0.60 |0.13-0.17| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | 55-70 | 18-32|1.40-1.55| 0.20-0.60 |0.13-0.17| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

SyB2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sykes-------------------| 0-5 | 15-27|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.19-0.23| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .43 | .43 | 5

 | 5-24 | 24-35|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .37 | .37 |

 | 24-50 | 35-60|1.30-1.50| 0.02-0.20 |0.13-0.17| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | 50-80 | 45-60|1.30-1.50| 0.02-0.20 |0.12-0.16| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

SyC2: | | | | | | | | | |

 Sykes-------------------| 0-5 | 15-27|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.19-0.23| 0.0-2.9 |1.0-3.0| .43 | .43 | 5

 | 5-24 | 24-35|1.35-1.55| 0.60-2.00 |0.18-0.22| 0.0-2.9 |0.0-0.5| .37 | .37 |

 | 24-50 | 35-60|1.30-1.50| 0.02-0.20 |0.13-0.17| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | 50-80 | 45-60|1.30-1.50| 0.02-0.20 |0.12-0.16| 3.0-5.9 |0.0-0.5| .32 | .32 |

 | | | | | | | | | |

Ud: | | | | | | | | | |

 Udarents. | | | | | | | | | |

_________________________|_______|______|_________|___________|_________|_________|_______|_____|_____|___
184 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils

(Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated.)

_______________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth |Cation- |Effective| Soil

 and soil name | |exchange |cation- |reaction

 | |capacity |exchange |

 | | |capacity |

________________________|_______|_________|_________|__________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH

 | | | |

AmB: | | | |

 Armour-----------------| 0-13 | 5-15 | --- | 5.1-6.0

 | 13-80 | 5-15 | --- | 5.1-6.0

 | | | |

AmC2: | | | |

 Armour-----------------| 0-9 | 5-15 | --- | 5.1-6.0

 | 9-80 | 5-15 | --- | 5.1-6.0

 | | | |

AmD2: | | | |

 Armour-----------------| 0-9 | 5-15 | --- | 5.1-6.0

 | 9-80 | 5-15 | --- | 5.1-6.0

 | | | |

Ar: | | | |

 Arrington--------------| 0-37 | 5-15 | --- | 6.1-7.8

 | 37-55 | 5-15 | --- | 6.1-7.8

 | 55-80 | 5-15 | --- | 6.1-7.8

 | | | |

BaF: | | | |

 Barfield---------------| 0-4 | 20-50 | --- | 6.1-7.8

 | 4-18 | 20-40 | --- | 6.1-7.8

 | 18-22 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | |

 Gladdice---------------| 0-6 | 20-50 | --- | 5.6-7.8

 | 6-13 | 20-40 | --- | 5.6-7.8

 | 13-30 | 20-40 | --- | 5.6-7.8

 | 30-34 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | |

 | | | |

BcD: | | | |

 Barfield---------------| 0-4 | 20-50 | --- | 6.1-7.8

 | 4-18 | 20-40 | --- | 6.1-7.8

 | 18-22 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | |

 | | | |

BeB2: | | | |

 Bewleyville------------| 0-6 | 5-15 | --- | 4.5-6.5

 | 6-26 | 2-10 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 26-80 | 2-10 | --- | 4.5-5.5

 | | | |

BeC2: | | | |

 Bewleyville------------| 0-6 | 5-15 | --- | 4.5-6.5

 | 6-26 | 2-10 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 26-80 | 2-10 | --- | 4.5-5.5

 | | | |

CrB2: | | | |

 Christian--------------| 0-7 | 5-15 | --- | 4.5-6.5

 | 7-17 | 5-10 | --- | 4.5-5.5

 | 17-61 | 5-10 | --- | 4.5-5.5

 | 61-80 | 5-10 | --- | 4.5-5.5

 | | | |

CrC2: | | | |

 Christian--------------| 0-7 | 5-15 | --- | 4.5-6.5

 | 7-17 | 5-10 | --- | 4.5-5.5

 | 17-61 | 5-10 | --- | 4.5-5.5

 | 61-80 | 5-10 | --- | 4.5-5.5

 | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 185

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth |Cation- |Effective| Soil

 and soil name | |exchange |cation- |reaction

 | |capacity |exchange |

 | | |capacity |

________________________|_______|_________|_________|__________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH

 | | | |

CrD2: | | | |

 Christian--------------| 0-7 | 5-15 | --- | 4.5-6.5

 | 7-17 | 5-10 | --- | 4.5-5.5

 | 17-61 | 5-10 | --- | 4.5-5.5

 | 61-80 | 5-10 | --- | 4.5-5.5

 | | | |

DaF: | | | |

 Dellrose---------------| 0-4 | 5-15 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 4-63 | 5-15 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 63-80 | 5-15 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | | | |

 Mimosa-----------------| 0-5 | 10-15 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 5-9 | 10-30 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 9-42 | 10-30 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 42-46 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | |

DeC: | | | |

 Dellrose---------------| 0-4 | 5-15 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 4-63 | 5-15 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 63-80 | 5-15 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | | | |

DeD2: | | | |

 Dellrose---------------| 0-4 | 5-15 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 4-63 | 5-15 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 63-80 | 5-15 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | | | |

DeE: | | | |

 Dellrose---------------| 0-4 | 5-15 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 4-63 | 5-15 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 63-80 | 5-15 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | | | |

DkB2: | | | |

 Dickson----------------| 0-11 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | 11-25 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | 25-51 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | 51-66 | --- | 5-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | | | |

DkC2: | | | |

 Dickson----------------| 0-11 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | 11-25 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | 25-51 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | 51-66 | --- | 5-15 | 4.5-5.5

 | | | |

HaD: | | | |

 Hawthorne--------------| 0-4 | --- | 2-10 | 3.6-5.5

 | 4-23 | --- | 2-5 | 3.6-5.5

 | 23-60 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | |

HaF: | | | |

 Hawthorne--------------| 0-4 | --- | 2-10 | 3.6-5.5

 | 4-23 | --- | 2-5 | 3.6-5.5

 | 23-60 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | |

HdF: | | | |

 Hawthorne--------------| 0-4 | --- | 2-10 | 3.6-5.5

 | 4-23 | --- | 2-5 | 3.6-5.5

 | 23-60 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | |

 | | | |
186 Soil Survey

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth |Cation- |Effective| Soil

 and soil name | |exchange |cation- |reaction

 | |capacity |exchange |

 | | |capacity |

________________________|_______|_________|_________|__________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH

 | | | |

HoB: | | | |

 Holston----------------| 0-9 | --- | 5-15 | 4.5-5.5

 | 9-17 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | 17-80 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | | | |

HoC2: | | | |

 Holston----------------| 0-9 | --- | 5-15 | 4.5-5.5

 | 9-17 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | 17-80 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | | | |

HoD2: | | | |

 Holston----------------| 0-9 | --- | 5-15 | 4.5-5.5

 | 9-17 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | 17-80 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | | | |

HoD3: | | | |

 Holston----------------| 0-4 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | 4-80 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | | | |

HuB: | | | |

 Humphreys--------------| 0-5 | 5-15 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 5-55 | 2-10 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 55-80 | 2-10 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | | | |

HuC: | | | |

 Humphreys--------------| 0-5 | 5-15 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 5-55 | 2-10 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 55-80 | 2-10 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | | | |

Ld: | | | |

 Lindside---------------| 0-12 | 15-30 | --- | 5.1-7.8

 | 12-65 | 15-25 | --- | 5.1-7.8

 | | | |

MmB2: | | | |

 Mimosa-----------------| 0-5 | 10-15 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 5-9 | 10-30 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 9-42 | 10-30 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 42-46 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | |

MmC2: | | | |

 Mimosa-----------------| 0-5 | 10-15 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 5-9 | 10-30 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 9-42 | 10-30 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 42-46 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | |

MmD2: | | | |

 Mimosa-----------------| 0-5 | 10-15 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 5-9 | 10-30 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 9-42 | 10-30 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 42-46 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | |

Mn: | | | |

 Minter-----------------| 0-7 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | 7-68 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | | | |

MtB2: | | | |

 Mountview--------------| 0-8 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | 8-39 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | 39-80 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 187

Table 17.--Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued

_______________________________________________________________

 | | | |

 Map symbol | Depth |Cation- |Effective| Soil

 and soil name | |exchange |cation- |reaction

 | |capacity |exchange |

 | | |capacity |

________________________|_______|_________|_________|__________

 | In |meq/100 g|meq/100 g| pH

 | | | |

MtC2: | | | |

 Mountview--------------| 0-8 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | 8-39 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | 39-80 | --- | 2-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | | | |

Oc: | | | |

 Ocana------------------| 0-7 | 5-15 | --- | 5.6-7.3

 | 7-65 | 5-20 | --- | 5.6-7.3

 | | | |

Sk: | | | |

 Skidmore---------------| 0-10 | 5-15 | --- | 5.6-7.8

 | 10-65 | 5-20 | --- | 5.6-7.8

 | | | |

St: | | | |

 Staser-----------------| 0-32 | 5-15 | --- | 5.6-7.3

 | 32-80 | 5-20 | --- | 5.6-7.3

 | | | |

SuC2: | | | |

 Sugargrove-------------| 0-12 | --- | 5.0-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | 12-51 | --- | 5.0-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | 51-65 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | |

SuD2: | | | |

 Sugargrove-------------| 0-12 | --- | 5.0-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | 12-51 | --- | 5.0-10 | 4.5-5.5

 | 51-65 | --- | --- | ---

 | | | |

SwB: | | | |

 Swafford---------------| 0-9 | 5-15 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 9-35 | 2-10 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 35-55 | 2-10 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 55-70 | 2-10 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | | | |

SwC: | | | |

 Swafford---------------| 0-9 | 5-15 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 9-35 | 2-10 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 35-55 | 2-10 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | 55-70 | 2-10 | --- | 4.5-6.0

 | | | |

SyB2: | | | |

 Sykes------------------| 0-5 | 5-15 | --- | 5.1-6.5

 | 5-24 | 5-15 | --- | 5.1-6.0

 | 24-50 | 5-30 | --- | 5.1-6.0

 | 50-80 | 5-30 | --- | 5.6-7.8

 | | | |

SyC2: | | | |

 Sykes------------------| 0-5 | 5-15 | --- | 5.1-6.5

 | 5-24 | 5-15 | --- | 5.1-6.0

 | 24-50 | 5-30 | --- | 5.1-6.0

 | 50-80 | 5-30 | --- | 5.6-7.8

 | | | |

Ud: | | | |

 Udarents. | | | |

________________________|_______|_________|_________|_________
188 Soil Survey

Table 18.--Soil Features

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Absence of an entry indicates that the

 feature is not a concern or that data were not estimated.)

______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |___________________________________________|_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top | Hardness | steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_________________|____________|____________

 | | In | | |

AmB: | | | | |

 Armour-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

AmC2: | | | | |

 Armour-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

AmD2: | | | | |

 Armour-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

Ar: | | | | |

 Arrington--------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |Low

 | | | | |

BaF: | | | | |

 Barfield---------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 8-20 |Indurated |High |Low

 | | | | |

 Gladdice---------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 20-40 |Indurated |High |Low

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

BcD: | | | | |

 Barfield---------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 8-20 |Indurated |High |Low

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

BeB2: | | | | |

 Bewleyville------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

BeC2: | | | | |

 Bewleyville------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

CrB2: | | | | |

 Christian--------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High

 | | | | |

CrC2: | | | | |

 Christian--------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High

 | | | | |

CrD2: | | | | |

 Christian--------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High

 | | | | |

DaF: | | | | |

 Dellrose---------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

 Mimosa-----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 40-60 |Indurated |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

DeC: | | | | |

 Dellrose---------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

DeD2: | | | | |

 Dellrose---------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

DeE: | | | | |

 Dellrose---------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

DkB2: | | | | |

 Dickson----------------|Fragipan | 20-25 |Noncemented |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

DkC2: | | | | |

 Dickson----------------|Fragipan | 20-25 |Noncemented |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 189

Table 18.--Soil Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |___________________________________________|_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top | Hardness | steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_________________|____________|____________

 | | In | | |

HaD: | | | | |

 Hawthorne--------------|Bedrock | 20-40 |Strongly cemented|Low |High

 | (paralithic) | | | |

 | | | | |

HaF: | | | | |

 Hawthorne--------------|Bedrock | 20-40 |Strongly cemented|Low |High

 | (paralithic) | | | |

 | | | | |

HdF: | | | | |

 Hawthorne--------------|Bedrock | 20-40 |Strongly cemented|Low |High

 | (paralithic) | | | |

 | | | | |

 Rock outcrop. | | | | |

 | | | | |

HoB: | | | | |

 Holston----------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |High

 | | | | |

HoC2: | | | | |

 Holston----------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |High

 | | | | |

HoD2: | | | | |

 Holston----------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |High

 | | | | |

HoD3: | | | | |

 Holston----------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |High

 | | | | |

HuB: | | | | |

 Humphreys--------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

HuC: | | | | |

 Humphreys--------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

Ld: | | | | |

 Lindside---------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Low

 | | | | |

MmB2: | | | | |

 Mimosa-----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 40-60 |Indurated |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

MmC2: | | | | |

 Mimosa-----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 40-60 |Indurated |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

MmD2: | | | | |

 Mimosa-----------------|Bedrock (lithic) | 40-60 |Indurated |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

Mn: | | | | |

 Minter-----------------| --- | --- | --- |High |High

 | | | | |

MtB2: | | | | |

 Mountview--------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

MtC2: | | | | |

 Mountview--------------| --- | --- | --- |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

Oc: | | | | |

 Ocana------------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |Low

 | | | | |

Sk: | | | | |

 Skidmore---------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |Moderate

 | | | | |

St: | | | | |

 Staser-----------------| --- | --- | --- |Low |Low

 | | | | |
190 Soil Survey

Table 18.--Soil Features--Continued

______________________________________________________________________________________________

 | Restrictive layer | Risk of corrosion

 Map symbol |___________________________________________|_________________________

 and soil name | | Depth | | Uncoated |

 | Kind |to top | Hardness | steel | Concrete

________________________|_________________|_______|_________________|____________|____________

 | | In | | |

SuC2: | | | | |

 Sugargrove-------------|Bedrock | 20-60 |Strongly cemented|Moderate |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | | |

 | | | | |

SuD2: | | | | |

 Sugargrove-------------|Bedrock | 20-60 |Strongly cemented|Moderate |Moderate

 | (paralithic) | | | |

 | | | | |

SwB: | | | | |

 Swafford---------------|Fragic layer | 25-36 |Noncemented |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

SwC: | | | | |

 Swafford---------------|Fragic layer | 25-36 |Noncemented |Moderate |Moderate

 | | | | |

SyB2: | | | | |

 Sykes------------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

SyC2: | | | | |

 Sykes------------------| --- | --- | --- |High |Moderate

 | | | | |

Ud: | | | | |

 Udarents. | | | | |

________________________|_________________|_______|_________________|____________|____________
Jackson County, Tennessee 191

Table 19.--Water Features

(See text for definitions of terms used in this table. Estimates of the frequency of

 ponding and flooding apply to the whole year rather than to individual months.

 Absence of an entry indicates that the feature is not a concern or that data were

 not estimated.)

_______________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Flooding

 | | |_______________|_________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower | Duration | Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | |

 |group | | | | |

___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|____________|____________

 | | | Ft | Ft | |

AmB: | | | | | |

 Armour--------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

AmC2: | | | | | |

 Armour--------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

AmD2: | | | | | |

 Armour--------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

Ar: | | | | | |

 Arrington-----------------| B |January |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | Very brief | Occasional

 | |February |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | Very brief | Occasional

 | |March |4.0-6.0| >6.0 | Very brief | Occasional

 | |December | --- | --- | Very brief | Occasional

 | | | | | |

BaF: | | | | | |

 Barfield------------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

 Gladdice------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

BcD: | | | | | |

 Barfield------------------| D |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

BeB2: | | | | | |

 Bewleyville---------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

BeC2: | | | | | |

 Bewleyville---------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

CrB2: | | | | | |

 Christian-----------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

CrC2: | | | | | |

 Christian-----------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

CrD2: | | | | | |

 Christian-----------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

DaF: | | | | | |

 Dellrose------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

 Mimosa--------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

DeC: | | | | | |

 Dellrose------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

DeD2: | | | | | |

 Dellrose------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

DeE: | | | | | |

 Dellrose------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

DkB2: | | | | | |

 Dickson-------------------| C |January |1.5-2.0| --- | --- | None

 | |February |1.5-2.0| --- | --- | None

 | |March |1.5-2.0| --- | --- | None

 | |April |1.5-2.0| --- | --- | None

 | |December |1.5-2.0| --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |
192 Soil Survey

Table 19.--Water Features--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Flooding

 | | |_______________|_________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower | Duration | Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | |

 |group | | | | |

___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|____________|____________

 | | | Ft | Ft | |

DkC2: | | | | | |

 Dickson-------------------| C |January |1.5-2.0| --- | --- | None

 | |February |1.5-2.0| --- | --- | None

 | |March |1.5-2.0| --- | --- | None

 | |April |1.5-2.0| --- | --- | None

 | |December |1.5-2.0| --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

HaD: | | | | | |

 Hawthorne-----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

HaF: | | | | | |

 Hawthorne-----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

HdF: | | | | | |

 Hawthorne-----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

HoB: | | | | | |

 Holston-------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

HoC2: | | | | | |

 Holston-------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

HoD2: | | | | | |

 Holston-------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

HoD3: | | | | | |

 Holston-------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

HuB: | | | | | |

 Humphreys-----------------| B |January |5.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | None

 | |February |5.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | None

 | |March |5.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | None

 | |December |5.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | None

 | | | | | |

HuC: | | | | | |

 Humphreys-----------------| B |January |5.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | None

 | |February |5.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | None

 | |March |5.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | None

 | |December |5.0-6.0| >6.0 | --- | None

 | | | | | |

Ld: | | | | | |

 Lindside------------------| C |January |1.6-2.5| >6.0 | Very brief | Occasional

 | |February |1.6-2.5| >6.0 | Very brief | Occasional

 | |March |1.6-2.5| >6.0 | Very brief | Occasional

 | |April |1.6-2.5| >6.0 | Very brief | Occasional

 | |December |1.6-2.5| >6.0 | Very brief | Occasional

 | | | | | |

MmB2: | | | | | |

 Mimosa--------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

MmC2: | | | | | |

 Mimosa--------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

MmD2: | | | | | |

 Mimosa--------------------| C |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |
Jackson County, Tennessee 193

Table 19.--Water Features--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Flooding

 | | |_______________|_________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower | Duration | Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | |

 |group | | | | |

___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|____________|____________

 | | | Ft | Ft | |

Mn: | | | | | |

 Minter--------------------| D |January | 0.0 |5.7-6.6| Long | Occasional

 | |February | 0.0 |5.7-6.6| Long | Occasional

 | |March | 0.0 |5.7-6.6| Long | Occasional

 | |April | 0.0 |5.7-6.6| Long | Occasional

 | |May | 0.0 |5.7-6.6| --- | None

 | |November | 0.0 |5.7-6.6| --- | None

 | |December | 0.0 |5.7-6.6| Long | Occasional

 | | | | | |

MtB2: | | | | | |

 Mountview-----------------| B |January |1.5-2.1|1.8-2.1| --- | None

 | |February |1.5-2.1|1.8-2.1| --- | None

 | |March |1.5-2.1|1.8-2.1| --- | None

 | |December |1.5-2.1|1.8-2.1| --- | None

 | | | | | |

MtC2: | | | | | |

 Mountview-----------------| B |January |1.5-2.1|1.8-2.1| --- | None

 | |February |1.5-2.1|1.8-2.1| --- | None

 | |March |1.5-2.1|1.8-2.1| --- | None

 | |December |1.5-2.1|1.8-2.1| --- | None

 | | | | | |

Oc: | | | | | |

 Ocana---------------------| B |January | --- | --- | Very brief | Occasional

 | |February | --- | --- | Very brief | Occasional

 | |March | --- | --- | Very brief | Occasional

 | |December | --- | --- | Very brief | Occasional

 | | | | | |

Sk: | | | | | |

 Skidmore------------------| B |January |3.0-4.0| >6.0 | Very brief | Occasional

 | |February |3.0-4.0| >6.0 | Very brief | Occasional

 | |March |3.0-4.0| >6.0 | Very brief | Occasional

 | |April | --- | --- | Very brief | Occasional

 | |May | --- | --- | Very brief | Occasional

 | |December |3.0-4.0| >6.0 | Very brief | Occasional

 | | | | | |

St: | | | | | |

 Staser--------------------| B |January | --- | --- | Very brief | Occasional

 | |February | --- | --- | Very brief | Occasional

 | |March | --- | --- | Very brief | Occasional

 | |December | --- | --- | Very brief | Occasional

 | | | | | |

SuC2: | | | | | |

 Sugargrove----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

SuD2: | | | | | |

 Sugargrove----------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

SwB: | | | | | |

 Swafford------------------| C |January |1.8-2.4| --- | --- | None

 | |February |1.8-2.4| --- | --- | None

 | |March |1.8-2.4| --- | --- | None

 | |April |1.8-2.4| --- | --- | None

 | |December |1.8-2.4| --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

SwC: | | | | | |

 Swafford------------------| C |January |1.8-2.4| --- | --- | None

 | |February |1.8-2.4| --- | --- | None

 | |March |1.8-2.4| --- | --- | None

 | |April |1.8-2.4| --- | --- | None

 | |December |1.8-2.4| --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |
194 Soil Survey

Table 19.--Water Features--Continued

_______________________________________________________________________________________

 | | | Water table | Flooding

 | | |_______________|_________________________

 Map symbol |Hydro-| Month | Upper | Lower | Duration | Frequency

 and soil name |logic | | limit | limit | |

 |group | | | | |

___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|____________|____________

 | | | Ft | Ft | |

SyB2: | | | | | |

 Sykes---------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

SyC2: | | | | | |

 Sykes---------------------| B |Jan-Dec | --- | --- | --- | None

 | | | | | |

Ud: | | | | | |

 Udarents. | | | | | |

___________________________|______|__________|_______|_______|____________|____________
Jackson County, Tennessee 195

Table 20.--Classification of the Soils

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class

__________________________|___________________________________________________________________________

 |

 Armour-------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Ultic Hapludalfs

 Arrington----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, thermic Cumulic Hapludolls

 Barfield-----------------|Clayey, mixed, active, thermic Lithic Hapludolls

 Bewleyville--------------|Fine-silty, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Paleudults

 Christian----------------|Clayey, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludults

 Dellrose-----------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, thermic Humic Hapludults

 Dickson------------------|Fine-silty, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Glossic Fragiudults

 Gladdice-----------------|Fine, mixed, active, thermic Vertic Hapludalfs

 Hawthorne----------------|Loamy-skeletal, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Dystrudepts

 Holston------------------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Paleudults

 Humphreys----------------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Humic Hapludults

 Lindside-----------------|Fine-silty, mixed, active, mesic Fluvaquentic Eutrudepts

 Mimosa-------------------|Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludalfs

 Minter-------------------|Fine, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Endoaqualfs

 Mountview----------------|Fine-silty, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Oxyaquic Paleudults

 Ocana--------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, thermic Dystric Fluventic Eutrudepts

 Skidmore-----------------|Loamy-skeletal, mixed, semiactive, mesic Dystric Fluventic Eutrudepts

 Staser-------------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, active, thermic Cumulic Hapludolls

 Sugargrove---------------|Fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, thermic Typic Hapludults

 Swafford-----------------|Fine-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Fragiaquic Paleudults

 Sykes--------------------|Fine-silty, mixed, active, thermic Typic Paleudalfs

 Udarents-----------------|Clayey Udarents

__________________________|___________________________________________________________________________