NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 235

S on the

Study (BOREAS)

11and Sara K. C6 Editors

235

,S TGB-7 Dry Deposition

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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 235

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

Volume 235

BOREAS TGB-7 Dry Deposition

Herbicide and Organochlorine

Flux Data

Don Waite

Environment Canada, Regina, Saskatchewan

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS TGB-7 Dry Deposition Herbicide and Organochlorine Flux

Data

Don Waite

Summary

The BOREAS TGB-7 team measured the concentration and flux of several agricultural pesticides in

air, rainwater, and dry deposition samples in order to determine the associated yearly deposition rates.

This data set contains information on the dry deposition flux of seven herbicides

[2,4-dichlorophenoxyacidic_acid (2,4-D), bromoxynil, dicamb, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid

(MCPA), triallate, trifluralin, and diclop-methyl] known to appear in the atmosphere of the Canadian

prairies. Also, the concentration of three herbicides (atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor), two groups

of insecticides (lindane and breakdown products and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and

breakdown products), and several polychlorinated biphenyls commonly used in the central United

States was measured. All of these chemicals are reported, in the literature, to be transported in the

atmosphere. Many have been reported to occur in boreal and arctic food chains. The sampling was

carried out from 16-Jun to 13-Aug-1993 and 04-May to 20-Ju1-1994 at the BOREAS site in the Prince

Albert National Park (Waskesiu). The data are stored in tabular ASCII files.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TGB-07 Dry Deposition Herbicide and Organochlorine Flux Data

1.2 Data Set Introduction

This data set contains herbicide and organochlorine quantities in dry deposition collected from

Waskesiu.

Page 1
1.3 Objective/Purpose

Theobjectiveof thisstudywasto measurethedry depositionof herbicidesandorganochlorinesin

theborealforestatWaskesiu.

1.4 Summary of Parameters and Variables

This data set contains herbicide and organochlorine quantities in dry deposition data collected

Waskesiu.

1.5 Discussion

The deposition into the boreal forest of seven herbicides [2,4-dichlorophenoxyacidic acid (2,4-D),

bromoxynil, dicamba, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), triallate, trifluralin, and

diclop-methyl] known to appear in the atmosphere of the Canadian prairies, three herbicides (atrazine,

alachlor, and metolachlor) commonly used in the central United States, two groups of insecticides

(lindane and breakdown products and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and breakdown

products), plus several polychlorinated biphenyls was measured. All of these chemicals are reported,

in the literature, to be transported in the atmosphere. Many have been reported to occur in boreal and

arctic food chains. The sampling was carried out at the BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

(BOREAS) site in the Prince Albert National Park (PANP) (Waskesiu).

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS TGB-07 Ambient Air Herbicide and Organochlorine Concentration Data

BOREAS TGB-07 Tower Herbicide Concentration in Rainwater Data

BOREAS TGB-09 Above-canopy NMHC at SSA-OBS, SSA-OJP and SSA-OA

BOREAS TGB-10 Oxidant Concentration Volatile Organic Carbon Data over the SSA

BOREAS TGB-10 Oxidant Concentration Data over the SSA

BOREAS TGB- 10 Oxidant Flux Data over the SSA

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

Don Waite

Environment Canada

Allan Cessna

Agriculture and Agri-Foods Canada

Narine Gurprasad

Environment Canada

2.2 Title of Investigation

Atmospheric Transport of Agricultural Pesticides into the Boreal Ecosystem

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Dr. Don Waite

Environment Canada

Room 300 park Plaza

2365 Albert Street

Regina, Saskatchewan

S4p 4kl Canada

(306) 780-6438

(306) 780-7614 (fax)

Don.Waite@EC.GC.CA

Page 2
Contact 2:

Jeffrey A. Newcomer

Raytheon ITSS

Code 923

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-7858

(301) 286-0239 (fax)

Jeffrey.Newcomer@ gsfc.nasa.gov

3. Theory of Measurements

The dry/wet deposition sampler employs an XAD-2 resin column to extract dry deposits from a

continuously flowing sheet of water and also collects separate rain samples. The sampler consists of a

1-m x 0.5-m, stainless steel (316 grade) tray, with 5-cm-high sides, onto which water is sprayed from

a header pipe located at one end. The water runs down the tray, collecting any particles that fall onto it.

In addition, aerosols and vapor phase chemicals that contact the water surface may be absorbed. As the

water moves through the apparatus, it passes from the tray down into reservoir within the body of the

sampler. Water from this reservoir is pumped through a composite column (glass wool/XAD-2 resin)

that retains the particulates and dissolved organic chemicals, and then returns back to the header pipe

where it recirculates across the collecting surface. At the end of the sampling period, the glass

wool/XAD-2 resin column is extracted with acetone and the extract analyzed for target chemicals.

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

4.1.1 Collection Environment

The data were collected under all environmental conditions.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

Ground.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

None given.

4.1.4 Key Variables

The key variable is herbicide or organochlorine quantity in dry deposits per day.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

As the water moves through the apparatus, it passes from the tray down into a 32-L reservoir

within the body of the sampler. Water from this reservoir is pumped through a composite column

(glass wool/XAD-2 resin) that retains the particulates and dissolved organic chemicals, and then

returns back to the header pipe where it recirculates across the collecting surface. The tray slopes (5%)

from about 105 to 100 cm above the ground surface. A constant speed, stainless steel centrifugal pump

is used to circulate the water. The flow rate to the header is adjustable by means of a ball valve located

between the pump and resin column. Water flow is from 3.5 to 4 L min-1, which produces enough

water to cover the entire tray surface without causing splash at the header. This flow rate results in the

circulation or turnover of the water contained in the reservoir every 8-9 minutes. This turnover rate,

combined with the design whereby water is returned to the top and drawn off from the bottom of the

reservoir, reduces the potential for particle trapping within the reservoir. All parts of the sampler in

contact with the water flow are constructed of either 316-grade stainless steel or Teflon.

Page 3
Thedeionizedwaterusedis acidifiedto pH 1.8,usingsulphuricacidto facilitatetheadsorptionof

acidicpesticidesby theXAD-2 resin.Becausesuchalargevolume(N30L) of deionizedwater

circulatesthroughtheXAD-2 resin,it is imperativethatthewaterbefreeof evenvery small

concentrationsof thecompoundsto bemonitored.Thisis achievedby circulating,for 30rain atthe

beginningof eachsamplingperiod,theacidifieddeionizedwaterthroughthesamplerandthroughan

XAD-2 cleanupcartridge(describedbelow)identicalto theoneusedto collectthesamples.A sample

of theprocesswateris takenfor analysisjustprior to replacingthecleanupcolumn.Thisprocesswater

sampleis extractedandanalyzedtoverify thatnoresidualcontaminationis still present.If detectable

backgroundcontaminationis foundin theprocesswater,thesamplecanberejectedor correctionscan

bemade.

Thestructureandreproduciblepackingof theXAD-2 resincolumnarecriticalto theoperating

efficiencyof thesampler.Thecolumnconsistsof a 5cminsidediameter,stainlesssteelpipefitted at

oneendwith acoupling.Fromtwoto severalayersof glassmarblesareplacedintothebottomorinlet

of thecolumnto diffusetheflow of waterenteringthecolumn.By varyingthevolumeof glass

marbles,thevolumeofresincanbechanged.Ourcolumnscontainedtwolayersof marblesand250

mL ofresin,themaximumvolumeavailablein thelengthof pipeused.

Restingonthemarblesis aperforateddiscof 50-ram-thickTeflonfollowedby aplug of

approximately2g ofPyrexbrandborosilicateglasswool. Theglasswoolretainsthe250mL of

XAD-2 resin(CaledonLaboratoriesLtd., Georgetown,ON),whichis packedintothecolumnasa

slurryin deionizedwater.Theresinis cappedwith approximately12g of glasswool thatis

compressedwith theuppersieveplate(50-ramTeflon),which alsofunctionsasawasher.Theupper

sieveplate/washeris heldin placeby ashortsectionof pipeattachedto thelower sectionwith three

stainlesssteelbolts.Theuppersectionof pipepermitsthewaterto leavetheresinwith afreeand

unrestrictedflow, reducingthepossibilityof channeledflow within theresin.Testsof waterflow in

thecolumn,conductedusingdyes,showeduniformcontactwith theresin.Theupperor outletsection

of columnconnectsdirectlywith atubeleadingto theheaderpipe.

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

• Dust Collector: A newly designed sampler employing an XAD-2 resin column to extract dry

deposits from a continuously flowing sheet of water and collecting separate rain samples.

• Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Sampler: A high-volume air sampler collecting ambient

concentrations of material on a sampling unit consisting of a glass fiber filter followed by a

PUF plug and XAD-2 resin cartridge.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

None given.

4.2 Calibration

4.2.1 Specifications

None given.

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

None given.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

None given.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

The water flow through the sampler was from 3.5 to 4.0 L rain-1.

Page 4
5. Data Acquisition Methods

The herbicide analyses were carried out at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Station at

Regina, Saskatchewan, whereas insecticide and organochlorine analysis was carried out by the

Environment Canada laboratory in Edmonton, Alberta. All residues were quantified and confirmed

using a Hewlett-Packard gas chromatograph equipped with a mass selective detector (GC-MSD).

Elution of XAD-2 Resin Columns Used in the Dust Collector:

The wet XAD-2 resin columns were vacuum aspirated for 30 minutes to remove as much residual

water as possible. Air entering the columns was passed through a PUF plug to remove organic

contaminants. The columns were then extracted by back flushing with 1000 mL of acetone at a rate of

10 mL/min. This extracted both the organic compounds of interest and any remaining residual water

from the resin. The acetone extract was concentrated to N100 mL using a rotary evaporator (water bath

at 30 °C) and then transferred to a 250-mL evaporating flask and further concentrated as an aqueous

phase to N50 mL. This aqueous phase was then made up to volume (100 mL) with water and divided

into 50 mL aliquots. One aliquot was acidified to pH 2 with dilute HzSO 4 solution, extracted with

dichloromethane and the extract methylated with diazomethane and subjected to Florisil column

cleanup prior to GC-MSD analysis for extracted herbicides (Cessna et al., 1985). The second aqueous

aliquot was extracted with dichloromethane, subjected to Florisil column cleanup, and analyzed for

insecticides and organochlorines by GC-MSD.

Extraction of PUF/XAD-2 Sampling Units:

On alternate weeks, the PUF/XAD-2 sampling units were extracted for herbicide or for insecticide

and organochlorine content. For herbicide analysis, the sampling unit was soxhlet extracted for 8 h

with acetone (Grover et al., 1994). The acetone extract was concentrated to _0.5 mL using a rotary

evaporator (water bath 30 °C) and then methylated with ethereal diazomethane. The methylated extract

was subjected to Florisil column cleanup prior to analysis by GC-MSD. For insecticide and

organochlorine analysis, the PUF sampling unit was soxhlet extracted for 12 h with dichloromethane.

The extract was concentrated using a rotary evaporator and then subjected to Florisil column cleanup

prior to analysis by GC-MSD.

Residue Analysis and Confirmation:

The Hewlett-Packard GC-MSD system and operating conditions used for herbicide residue

analysis have been described previously (Cessna et al., 1997). A similar GC/MSD system was used

for insecticide and organochlorine analysis; however, the column employed was a 30 m x 0.25 mm

I.D. Rtx-5 column (0.25-(m film thickness). For operation of the GC, helium was used as the carrier

gas and the temperature program was initially held at 80 °C for 1 minute and then ramped to 200 °C at

15 °C/rain; then it was held at 200 °C for 5 minutes, increased at 8 °C/rain to 300 °C, and held for 10

minutes. A split/splitless injector was used in the splitless mode. Injection port and transfer line

temperatures were 270 °C and 280 °C, respectively.

Depending on the compound, from two to four ions were monitored on the MSD. The presence of

each compound was considered to be confirmed if all ions monitored were present, a peak appeared at

the retention time (+ 0.02 rain) obtained for a standard solution of the pesticide in the reconstructed

chromatiograms of all ions, and the peak area ratio was within 30% of the ratio obtained using a

standard solution of the pesticide.

6.1 Data Notes

None.

6.2 Field Notes

None.

6. Observations

Page 5
7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) coordinates for the Southern Study Area (SSA)

measurement site are:

Longitude Latitude

Waskesiu 106.067 ° W 53.917 ° N

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

None given.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

The measurements were made at a single location in the SSA.

7.1.4 Projection

Not applicable.

7.1.5 Grid Description

Not applicable.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

The data were collected from 16-Jun to 13-Aug-1993 and 04-May to 20-Jul-1994.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

All the data were collected at the same location.

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

The samplers operated 24 hours per day over each 7-day sampling period.

7.3 Data Characteristics

7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

START DATE

END DATE

BROMOXYNIL FLUX

DICAMBA FLUX

2,4-D FLUX

MCPA FLUX

DICLOFOP FLUX

TRIALLATE FLUX

TRIFLURALIN FLUX

ALACHLOR FLUX

Page 6
ATRAZINE FLUX

METOLACHLOR FLUX

ALPHA-HCH FLUX

GAMMA-HCH FLUX

4,4'-DDE FLUX

4,4'-DDD FLUX

4,4'-DDT FLUX

TETRACHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX

PENTACHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX

HEXACHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX

OCTACHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX

DICHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX

TRICHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

START DATE

END DATE

BROMOXYNIL FLUX

DICAMBA FLUX

2,4-D FLUX

MCPA FLUX

DICLOFOP FLUX

TRIALLATE FLUX

TRIFLURALIN FLUX

ALACHLOR FLUX

ATRAZINE FLUX

METOLACHLOR FLUX

ALPHA-HCH FLUX

GAMMA-HCH FLUX

4,4'-DDE FLUX

4,4'-DDD FLUX

4,4'-DDT FLUX

TETRACHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS, in

the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by

BOREAS, in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is

the group associated with the sub-site

instrument, e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the

identifier for sub-site, often this will refer to

an instrument.

The date on which the collection of data

commenced.

The date on which the collection of the data was

terminated.

Dry Deposition of bromoxynil.

Dry Deposition of dacamba.

Dry deposition of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacidic_acid

Dry Deposition of MCPA.

Dry Deposition of diclofop.

Dry Deposition of triallate.

Dry Deposition of trifluralin.

Dry Deposition of alachlor.

Dry Deposition of atrazine.

Dry Deposition of metolachlor.

Dry Deposition of alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane.

Dry Deposition of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane.

Dry Deposition of 4,4' DDE.

Dry Deposition of 4,4' DDD.

Dry Deposition of 4,4' DDT.

Dry Deposition of tetrachloro-biphenyl.

Page 7
PENTACHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX

HEXACHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX

OCTACHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX

DICHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX

TRICHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

Dry Deposition of pentachloro-biphenyl

Dry Deposition of hexachloro-biphenyl.

Dry Deposition of octachloro-biphenyl.

Dry Deposition of dichloro-biphenyl.

Dry Deposition of trichloro-biphenyl.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The measurement units for the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Units

SITE NAME [none]

SUB SITE [none]

START DATE [DD-MON-YY]

END DATE [DD-MON-YY]

BROMOXYNIL FLUX [nanograms] [meters^-2] [day^-l]

DICAMBA FLUX [nanograms] [meters^-2] [day^-l]

2,4-D FLUX [nanograms] [meters^-2] [day^-l]

MCPA FLUX [nanograms] [meters^-2] [day^-l]

DICLOFOP FLUX [nanograms] [meters^-2] [day^-l]

TRIALLATE FLUX [nanograms] [meters^-2] [day^-l]

TRIFLURALIN FLUX [nanograms] [meters^-2] [day^-l]

ALACHLOR FLUX [nanograms] [meters^-2] [day^-l]

ATRAZINE FLUX [nanograms] [meters^-2] [day^-l]

METOLACHLOR FLUX [nanograms] [meters^-2] [day^-l]

ALPHA-HCH FLUX [nanograms] [meters^-2] [day^-l]

GAMMA-HCH FLUX [nanograms] [meters^-2] [day^-l]

4,4'-DDE FLUX [nanograms] [meters^-2] [day^-l]

4,4'-DDD FLUX [nanograms] [meters^-2] [day^-l]

4,4'-DDT FLUX [nanograms] [meters^-2] [day^-l]

TETRACHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX [nanograms] [meters^-2] [day^-l]

PENTACHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX [nanograms] [meters^-2] [day^-l]

HEXACHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX [nanograms] [meters^-2] [day^-l]

OCTACHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX [nanograms] [meters^-2] [day^-l]

DICHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX [nanograms] [meters^-2] [day^-l]

TRICHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX [nanograms] [meters^-2] [day^-l]

CRTFCN CODE [none]

REVISION DATE [DD-MON-YY]

7.3.4 Data Souree

The source of the parameter values contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Data Source

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

START DATE

END DATE

[Assigned by BORIS Staff]

[Assigned by BORIS Staff]

Investigator

Investigator

Page 8
BROMOXYNIL FLUX GC-MSD

DICAMBA FLUX GC-MSD

2,4-D FLUX GC-MSD

MCPA FLUX GC-MSD

DICLOFOP FLUX GC-MSD

TRIALLATE FLUX GC-MSD

TRIFLURALIN FLUX GC-MSD

ALACHLOR FLUX GC-MSD

ATRAZINE FLUX GC-MSD

METOLACHLOR FLUX GC-MSD

ALPHA-HCH FLUX GC-MSD

GAMMA-HCH FLUX GC-MSD

4,4'-DDE FLUX GC-MSD

4,4'-DDD FLUX GC-MSD

4,4'-DDT FLUX GC-MSD

TETRACHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX GC-MSD

PENTACHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX GC-MSD

HEXACHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX GC-MSD

OCTACHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX GC-MSD

DICHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX GC-MSD

TRICHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX GC-MSD

CRTFCN CODE [Assigned by BORIS Staff]

REVISION DATE [Assigned by BORIS Staff]

7.3.5 Data Range

The following table gives information about the parameter v_ues found in the data files on the

CD-ROM.

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SITE NAME SSA-999-WSK05

SUB SITE TGB07-FLX01

START DATE 16-JUN-93

END DATE 21-JUN-93

BROMOXYNIL FLUX 4.2

DICAMBA FLUX 6.3

2,4-D FLUX 39.9

MCPA FLUX 135

DICLOFOP FLUX

TRIALLATE FLUX

TRIFLURALIN FLUX

ALACHLOR FLUX

ATRAZINE FLUX

METOLACHLOR FLUX 15.2

ALPHA-HCH FLUX

GAMMA-HCH FLUX 4.29

4,4'-DDE FLUX 30.69

4,4'-DDD FLUX

4,4'-DDT FLUX 66.3

TETRACHLORO- 8.5

BIPHENYL FLUX

PENTACHLORO- 13.1

BIPHENYL FLUX

SSA-999-WSK05

TGB07-FLX01

13-JUL-94

20-JUL-94

47 .7

60.6

149.3

135

15.2

463 6

219 45

538 65

32.2

13.1

None None None None

None None None None

None None None None

None None None None

None None -777 None

None None -777 None

None None -777 None

None None -777 None

None None -777 None

-999 None -777 None

None None -777 None

None None -777 None

None None -777 None

None None -777 None

-999 None -777 None

-999 None -777 None

-999 None -777 None

-999 None -777 None

-999 None -777 None

-999 None -777 None

-999 None -777 None

Page 9
HEXACHLORO-BIPHENYL 2.04

FLUX

OCTACHLORO-BIPHENYL 1.02

FLUX

DICHLORO-BIPHENYL 9.98

FLUX

TRICHLORO-BIPHENYL

FLUX

CRTFCN CODE CPI

REVISION DATE 28-AUG-98

96.76 -999 None -777 None

65.84 -999 None -777 None

41.9 -999 None -777 None

-999 None -777 None

CPI None None None None

28-AUG-98 None None None None

Minimum Data Value --

Maximum Data Value --

Missng Data Value --

Unrel Data Value --

Below Detect Limit --

Data Not Cllctd --

The minimum value found in the column.

The maximum value found in the column.

The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

to indicate an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the value was deemed to be

unreliable by the analysis personnel.

The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation.

This value indicates that no attempt was made to

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BORIS combined several similar but

not identical data sets into the same data base table

but this particular science team did not

measure that parameter.

Blank

N/A

None

-- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

-- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

-- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

7.4 Sample Data Record

The following are wrapped versions of data record from a sample data file on the CD-ROM.

SITE NAME,SUB SITE,START DATE,END DATE,BROMOXYNIL FLUX,DICAMBA FLUX, 2,4-D FLUX,

MCPA FLUX,DICLOFOP FLUX, TRIALLATE FLUX, TRIFLURALIN FLUX,ALACHLOR FLUX,

ATRAZINE FLUX,METOLACHLOR FLUX,ALPHA-HCH FLUX,GAMMA-HCH FLUX, 4,4'-DDE FLUX,

4,4'-DDD FLUX, 4,4'-DDT FLUX, TETRACHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX,PENTACHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX,

HEXACHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX,OCTACHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX,DICHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX,

TRICHLORO-BIPHENYL FLUX,CRTFCN CODE,REVISION DATE

'SSA-999-WSK05', 'TGB07-FLX01',I6-JUN-93,21-JUN-93,-777.0,-777.0,-777.0,135.0,

-999.0,-777.0,-777.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0 ............ 'CPI',I6-APR-97

'SSA-999-WSK05', 'TGB07-FLX01',21-JUN-93,25-JUN-93,-777.0,-999.0,-777.0,-777.0,

-999.0,-777.0,-777.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,-777.0,4.29,-777.0,-999.0,-999.0,,,

-999.0,-999.0,-999.0,-999.0, 'CPI',I6-APR-97

Page 10
8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest unit of data tracked by the BOREAS Information System (BORIS) was the herbicide

concentration in dry deposition for a given site in a given sampling period.

8.2 Data Format(s)

The Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) files contain American Standard Code for

Information Interchange (ASCII) numerical and character fields of varying length separated by

commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between

the fields.

Each data file on the CD-ROM has four header lines of Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML)

code at the top. When viewed with a Web browser, this code displays header information (data set

title, location, date, acknowledgments, etc.) and a series of HTML links to associated data files and

related data sets. Line 5 of each data file is a list of the column names, and line 6 and following lines

contain the actual data.

9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

None given.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

9.2.1 Processing Steps

None given.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None given.

9.3 Calculations

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

None given.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

None given.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None given.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

Irreproducible packing of the XAD-2 resin column.

10.2 Quality Assessment

Standard laboratory procedures involving blanks, spikes, and replicates.

Page 11
10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

None given.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

None given.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

None given.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

None given.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

The data were examined for general consistency and clarity.

11. Notes

11.1 Limitations of the Data

None given.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

None given.

11.3 Usage Guidance

None given.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None given.

12. Application of the Data Set

The data can be used to quantify the trace organic contaminants entering the site from atmospheric

transport and identify chemicals that require further research.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

None given.

14. Software

14.1 Software Description

None given.

14.2 Software Access

None given.

Page 12
15. Data Access

The dry deposition herbicide and organochlorine flux data are available from the Earth Observing

System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed

Active Archive Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

These data are available on the BOREAS CD-ROM series.

Page 13
17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

None given.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Cessna, A.J., D.T. Waite, and M. Constable. 1997. Concentrations of pentachlorophenol in

atmospheric samples from three Canadian locations, 1994. Bull. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol. 58,

651-658.

Cessna, A.J., R. Grover, L.A. Kerr, and M.L. Aldred. 1985. A multiresidue method for the analysis

and verification of several herbicides in water. J. Agric. Food Chem. 33,504-507.

Grover, R., A.E. Smith, and A.J. Cessna. 1994. Fate of bromoxynil n-butyrate and iso-octanoate

applied as a mixture to a wheat field. J. Environ. Qual. 23(6), 1304-1311.

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,

A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM.

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B.

Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D. Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal

ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year.

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9): 1549-1577.

Sellers, P.J., F.G. Hall, R.D. Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi, J. Berry, M. Ryan, K.J. Ranson, P.M.

Crill, D.P. Lettenmaier, H. Margolis, J. Cihlar, J. Newcomer, D. Fitzjarrald, P.G. Jarvis, S.T.

Gower, D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison, D.E. Wickland, and F.E. Guertin. 1997. BOREAS

in 1997: Experiment Overview, Scientific Results and Future Directions. Journal of Geophysical

Research 102(D24): 28,731-28,770.

Thompson, T.S., R.G. Treble, D.T. Waite, and A.J. Cessna. 1997. Identification of

pentachloronitrobenzene in ambient air extracts. Bull. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 58:939-944.

Waite, D.T., A.J. Cessna, N.P. Gurprasad, and J. Banner .... Evaluation of a new sampler for

collecting separate dry and wet atmospheric depositions of trace organic chemicals. Atmos. Environ.

Accepted.

Waite, D.T., N.P. Gurprasad, A.J. Cessna, and D.V. Quiring .... Atmospheric pentachlorophenol

concentrations in relation to air temperature at five Canadian locations. Chemosphere Accepted.

Page 14
Waite,D.T., N.P.Gurprasad,andM.B. Constable.1996.Concentrationsof pentachlorophenoland

somerelatedcompoundsin seasonallycollectedatmosphericsamplesfrom five Canadianlocations.

OrganohalogenCompds.28:482-489.

17.3 Archive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None given.

18. Glossary of Terms

ASCII

BOREAS

BORIS

CD-ROM

DAAC

EOS

EOSDIS

GC-MSD

GIS

GSFC

HTML

NASA

NMHC

NSA

OA

OBS

OJP

ORNL

PANP

PUF

SSA

TGB

URL

19. List of Acronyms

- American Standard for Information Interchange

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Gas Chromatograph - Mass Selective Detector

- Geographic Information System

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- HyperText Markup Language

- National Aeronautics and Space Administration

- Nonmethane Hydrocarbon

- Northern Study Area

- Old Aspen

- Old Black Spruce

- Old Jack Pine

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Polyurethane Foam

- Southern Study Area

- Trace Gas Biogeochemistry

- Uniform Resource Locator

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date

Written: 04-Dec- 1997

Last updated: 04-Aug- 1999

20.2 Document Review Date(s)

BORIS Review: 27-Aug- 1998

Science Review:

20.3 Document ID

Page 15
20.4 Citation

When using these data, please contact one of the individuals listed in Section 2.3 and as well as

citing relevant papers in Section 17.2.

If using data from the BOREAS CD-ROM series, also reference the data as:

Waite, D., A. Cessna, and N. Gurprasad, "Atmospheric Transport of Agricultural Pesticides into

the Boreal Ecosystem." In Collected Data of The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. Eds. J.

Newcomer, D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson, A.

Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

Also, cite the BOREAS CD-ROM set as:

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. Collected Data of

The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 16
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

November 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TGB-7 Dry Deposition Herbicide and Organocide Flux Data

6. AUTHOR(S)

Don Waite

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

923

RTOP: 923-462-33-01

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 235

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

D. Waite: Environment Canada, Regina, Saskatchewan; S.K. Conrad: Raytheon ITSS

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TGB-7 team measured the concentration and flux of several agricultural pesticides in

air, rainwater, and dry deposition samples in order to determine the associated yearly deposition rates.

This data set contains information on the dry deposition flux of seven herbicides [2,4-

dichlorophenoxyacidic_acid (2,4-D), bromoxynil, dicamb, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid

(MCPA), triallate, trifluralin, and diclop-methyl] known to appear in the atmosphere of the Canadian

prairies. Also, the concentration of three herbicides (atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor), two groups

of insecticides (lindane and breakdown products and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and

breakdown products), and several polychlorinated biphenyls commonly used in the central United

States was measured. All of these chemicals are reported, in the literature, to be transported in the

atmosphere. Many have been reported to occur in boreal and arctic food chains. The sampling was

carried out from 16-Jun to 13-Aug-1993 and 04-May to 20-Ju1-1994 at the BOREAS site in the Prince

Albert National Park (Waskesiu). The data are stored in tabular ASCII files.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, trace gas biogeochemistry.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

16

16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

UL

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)

Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18

298-102