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                            Funding & Awards
 Peers influence response to threat: Cultural norms, reciprocity, and self-identity
Award Information
Awardee
              University of Washington
Award #
              2015-CK-BX-0022
Funding Category
              Competitive
Location
                    Seattle, WA
Awardee County
              King
Congressional District
              7
Status
              Closed
Funding First Awarded
              2015
Total funding (to date)
              $638,040
Original Solicitation
              NIJ FY 15 Comprehensive School Safety Initiative
Description of original award (Fiscal Year 2015, $638,040)
Problem Statement:
Honor and dignity cultures each have effective within-culture strategies for containing aggression. People from different cultures or different regions of the US can be oblivious to each others strategies, leading to unintended conflict and aggression. Minority youth experience high levels of victimization, often from multiple sources. Ways in which cultural and peer norms may foster resilience, and help expand the range of acceptable responses to threat and victimization has not been adequately addressed in research or practice. This project will (1) test a culturally-informed theoretical model of peer helping, reciprocity and influence; (2) develop reliable and valid measures of honor and dignity norms; (3) obtain youth views on effective nonviolent responses to peer victimization; and (4) develop cultural competency units for student programs and professional development workshops.
Subjects:
256 males and females in grades 9  11 (64 each Mexican-, African-, European-, and Indigenous Americans) from three locales: urban and rural WA and rural Idaho.
Mixed Research Methods:
Interviews and surveys conducted over two years (spring - summer of 2016, 2017) ask students about times they have provided each of four types of help or advice to threatened friends, and times they have been the recipient of the same four types. Qualitative coding of interview responses follows immediately (fall - winter of 2016, 2017). Ratings of identity-relevant feelings (e.g., pride, guilt, connection, obligation) measure the perceived effectiveness, acceptability, and costs-benefits of each type of youth-generated helping response. Surveys measure cultural norms and experiences with discrimination and victimization.
Hypotheses:
(1) Based on prior work, calming a threatened friend and attempting reconciliation (but not encouraging or attempting retaliation) will affirm self-identity and social connection for both parties.
(2) Honor norms demanding personal retaliation evolve when access to institutional protection and justice is limited. Therefore, perceived discrimination will predict honor norms and retaliation.
Statistics:
Repeated measures analyses of variance (fall, 2017) will determine how type of helping response predicts self-identity, connection, influence and obligation in both parties. Item-response theory analyses will assess reliability and validity of the cultural norms surveys. The use of rating scales and in-depth interviews provide complementary data that can be cross-checked to strengthen the validity of our interpretation.
Products:
Four peer-reviewed articles; reliable, valid measures of cultural norms; data coded and summarized by case; trade-press articles summarizing promising practices; and workshop units promoting cultural competency for teens and adults piloted and shared with Seattle City Youth Violence Initiative.
Note: This project contains a research and/or development component, as defined in applicable law.
ca/ncf



  
Grant-Funded Publications
        
                      How Do Victimized Youth Emotionally and Socially Appraise Common Ways Third-Party Peers Intervene?
                  'I feel proud because I made them stop fighting': boys' affective-discursive practices of discouraging physical aggression
                  "I Felt Like a Hero:" Adolescents' Understanding of Resolution-Promoting and Vengeful Actions on Behalf of Their Peers
                  Honor, face, and dignity norm endorsement among diverse North American adolescents: Development of a Social Norms Survey
                  Peers Influence Response to Threat: Cultural Norms, Reciprocity & Identity Processes in the Adolescent Caregiving System
                  Third-Party Intervention in Peer Victimization: Self-Evaluative Emotions and Appraisals of a Diverse Adolescent Sample
                  Ethnically Diverse Adolescents Recount Third-Party Actions That Amplify Their Anger and Calm Their Emotions After Perceived Victimization




  
Grant-Funded Datasets
        
                      http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/icpsrweb/NACJD/studies/37642

  
Date Created: September 30, 2015
    
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