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Census of

Manufactures

MC92-A-2

GEOGRAPHIC AREA SERIES

Alaska

U.S. Department of Commerce

Economics and Statistics Administration

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
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Census of

Manufactures

MC92-A-2

GEOGRAPHIC AREA SERIES

Alaska

U.S. Department of Commerce

Ronald H. Brown, Secretary

David J. Barram, Deputy Secretary

Economics and Statistics Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

+ +
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Many persons participated in the various activities of the 1992 Census of Manufactures. The

overall planning and review of the census operations were performed by the Economic Census

Staff of the Economic Planning and Coordination Division.

Manufacturing and Construction Division prepared this report. Baruti A. Taylor, under the

direction of A. William Visnansky, Chief, Special Reports Branch, performed overall planning,

implementation, and coordination of the publication process. Julius Smith, Jr., Andrew W. Hait,

and Veronica White provided primary staff assistance.

Brian Greenberg, Assistant Chief for Research and Methodology Programs, assisted by

Stacey Cole, provided the mathematical and statistical techniques as well as the coverage

operations.

The Economic Planning and Coordination Division provided the computer processing procedures. Shirin A. Ahmed, Assistant Chief for Post Data Collection Processing, was responsible for

editing and the analysts’ interactive database review and correction system. Design and

specifications were prepared under the supervision of Dennis L. Wagner, Chief, Post Collection

Census Branch, assisted by S. Mark Schmidt and Robert A. Rosati.

The staff of the Data Preparation Division, Judith N. Petty, Chief, performed mailout

preparation and receipt operations, clerical and analytical review activities, data keying, and

geocoding review.

The Geography Division staff developed geographic coding procedures and associated

computer programs.

The Economic Statistical Methods and Programming Division, Charles P. Pautler, Jr., Chief,

developed and coordinated the computer processing systems. Martin S. Harahush, Assistant

Chief for Quinquennial Programs, was responsible for design and implementation of the computer

systems. Gary T. Sheridan, Chief, Manufactures and Construction Branch, assisted by

Barbara L. Lambert, supervised the preparation of the computer programs.

Computer Services Division, Marvin D. Raines, Chief, performed the computer processing.

The staff of the Administrative and Publications Services Division, Walter C. Odom, Chief,

performed publication planning, design, composition, editorial review, and printing planning and

procurement for publications and report forms. Cynthia G. Brooks provided publication coordination and editing.

Special acknowledgment is also due the many businesses whose cooperation has contributed

to the publication of these data.

If you have any questions concerning the statistics in this report, call 301-457-4741.

Acknowledgments
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MANUFACTURING AND CONSTRUCTION DIVISION

David W. Cartwright, Chief

BUREAU OF THE CENSUS

Martha Farnsworth Riche, Director

Harry A. Scarr, Deputy Director

Paula J. Schneider, Principal Associate

Director for Programs

Frederick T. Knickerbocker, Associate

Director for Economic Programs

Thomas L. Mesenbourg, Assistant Director

for Economic Programs

ECONOMIC PLANNING AND COORDINATION

DIVISION

John P. Govoni, Chief

Economics and Statistics

Administration

Everett M. Ehrlich, Under Secretary

for Economic Affairs

For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.
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Introduction to

the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC

CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts about

the structure and functioning of the Nation’s economy. It

provides essential information for government, business,

industry, and the general public.

The economic census furnishes an important part of the

framework for such composite measures as the gross

domestic product, input/ output measures, production and

price indexes, and other statistical series that measure

short-term changes in economic conditions.

Policymaking agencies of the Federal Government use

the data, especially in monitoring economic activity and

providing assistance to business.

State and local governments use the data to assess

business activities and tax bases within their jurisdictions

and to develop programs to attract business.

Trade associations study trends in their own and competing industries and keep their members informed of

market changes.

Individual businesses use the data to locate potential

markets and to analyze their own production and sales

performance relative to industry or area averages.

AUTHORITY AND SCOPE

Title 13 of the United States Code (sections 131, 191,

and 224) directs the Census Bureau to take the economic

census every 5 years, covering years ending in 2 and 7.

The 1992 Economic Census consists of the following eight

censuses:

• Census of Retail Trade

• Census of Wholesale Trade

• Census of Service Industries

• Census of Financial, Insurance, and Real Estate

Industries

• Census of Transportation, Communications, and Utilities

• Census of Manufactures

• Census of Mineral Industries

• Census of Construction Industries

Special programs also cover enterprise statistics and

minority-owned and women-owned businesses. (The 1992

Census of Agriculture and 1992 Census of Governments

are conducted separately.) The next economic census is

scheduled to be taken in 1998 covering the year 1997.

AVAILABILITY OF THE DATA

The results of the economic census are available in

printed reports for sale by the U.S. Government Printing

Office and on compact discs for sale by the Census

Bureau. Order forms for all types of products are available

on request from Customer Services, Bureau of the Census,

Washington, DC 20233-8300. A more complete description of publications being issued from this census is on the

inside back cover of this document.

Census facts are also widely disseminated by trade

associations, business journals, and newspapers. Volumes containing census statistics are available in most

major public and college libraries. Finally, State data

centers in every State as well as business and industry

data centers in many States also supply economic census

statistics.

WHAT’S NEW IN 1992

The 1992 Economic Census covers more of the economy

than any previous census. New for 1992 are data on

communications, utilities, financial, insurance, and real

estate, as well as coverage of more transportation industries. The economic, agriculture, and governments censuses now collectively cover nearly 98 percent of all

economic activity.

Among other changes, new 1992 definitions affect the

boundaries of about a third of all metropolitan areas. Also,

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses has now been

expanded to include all corporations.

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integrated

program at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for

1963, 1958, and 1954. Prior to that time, the individual

subcomponents of the economic census were taken separately at varying intervals.

MANUFACTURES—GEOGRAPHIC AREA SERIES INTRODUCTION III
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The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810

Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing were

included with those for population. Coverage of economic

activities was expanded for 1840 and subsequent censuses to include mining and some commercial activities. In

1902, Congress established a permanent Census Bureau

and directed that a census of manufactures be taken every

5 years. The 1905 Manufactures Census was the first time

a census was taken apart from the regular every-10-year

population census.

The first census of business was taken in 1930, covering 1929. Initially it covered retail and wholesale trade and

construction industries, but it was broadened in 1933 to

include some of the service trades.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to be

fully integrated—providing comparable census data across

economic sectors, using consistent time periods, concepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. It

was the first census to be taken by mail, using lists of firms

provided by the administrative records of other Federal

agencies. Since 1963, administrative records also have

been used to provide basic statistics for very small firms,

reducing or eliminating the need to send them census

questionnaires. The Enterprise Statistics Program, which

publishes combined data from the economic census, was

made possible with the implementation of the integrated

census program in 1954.

The range of industries covered in the economic censuses has continued to expand. The census of construction industries began on a regular basis in 1967, and the

scope of service industries was broadened in 1967, 1977,

and 1987. The census of transportation began in 1963 as

a set of surveys covering travel, transportation of commodities, and trucks, but expanded in 1987 to cover business

establishments in several transportation industries. For

1992, these statistics are incorporated into a broadened

census of transportation, communications, and utilities.

Also new for 1992 is the census of financial, insurance,

and real estate industries. This is part of a gradual expansion in coverage of industries previously subjected to

government regulation.

The Survey of Minority-Owned Business Enterprises

was first conducted as a special project in 1969 and was

incorporated into the economic census in 1972 along with

the Survey of Women-Owned Businesses.

An economic census has also been taken in Puerto

Rico since 1909, in the Virgin Islands of the United States

and Guam since 1958, and in the Commonwealth of the

Northern Mariana Islands since 1982.

Statistical reports from the 1987 and earlier censuses

provide historical figures for the study of long-term time

series and are available in some large libraries. All of the

census data published since 1967 are still available for

sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau.

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT

ECONOMIC DATA

While the census provides complete enumerations every

5 years, there are many needs for more frequent data as

well. The Census Bureau conducts a number of monthly,

quarterly, and annual surveys, with the results appearing in

publication series such as Current Business Reports (retail

and wholesale trade and service industries), the Annual

Survey of Manufactures, Current Industrial Reports, and

the Quarterly Financial Report. Most of these surveys,

while providing more frequent observations, yield less

kind-of-business and geographic detail than the census.

The County Business Patterns program offers annual

statistics on the number of establishments, employment,

and payroll classified by industry within each county.

SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classification system, data items, and publications for each of the

economic censuses and related surveys is published in the

Guide to the 1992 Economic Census and Related Statistics. More information on the methodology, procedures,

and history of the census will be published in the History of

the 1992 Economic Census. Contact Customer Services

for information on availability.

IV INTRODUCTION MANUFACTURES—GEOGRAPHIC AREA SERIES
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Census of Manufactures

GENERAL

This report, from the 1992 Census of Manufactures, is 1

of a series of 51 reports for each State and the District of

Columbia. Each report contains such statistics as number

of establishments, employment, payroll, value added by

manufacture, cost of materials consumed, and capital

expenditures for each State and its important metropolitan

areas (MA’s), counties, and places, by industry groups and

individual industries. Selected statistical totals for ‘‘all

manufacturing’’ have been shown for metropolitan areas

with 250 employees or more and for counties and places

with 500 employees or more.

Additional separate reports have been issued for 83

industry reports, each of which provides statistics for

individual industries or groups of related industries and for

special subjects such as manufacturers’ shipments to the

Federal Government and concentration ratios in manufacturing.

The General Summary report contains industry, product

class, and geographic area statistics summarized in one

report. The introduction to the General Summary discusses, at greater length, many of the subjects described

in this introduction. For example, the General Summary

text discusses the relationship of value added by manufacture to national income by industry of origin, the changes

in statistical concepts over the history of the censuses,

and the valuation problems arising from intracompany

transfers between manufacturing plants of a company and

between manufacturing plants and sales offices and sales

branches of a company.

SCOPE OF CENSUS AND DEFINITION OF

MANUFACTURING

The 1992 Census of Manufactures covers all establishments with one paid employee or more primarily engaged

in manufacturing as defined in the 1987 Standard Industrial

Classification (SIC) Manual1 This is the system of industrial

classification developed by experts on classification in

Government and private industry under the guidance of the

Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of

Management and Budget. This classification system is

used by Government agencies as well as many organizations outside the Government.

The SIC Manual defines manufacturing as the mechanical or chemical transformation of substances or materials

into new products. The assembly of component parts of

products also is considered to be manufacturing if the

resulting product is neither a structure nor other fixed

improvement. These activities are usually carried on in

plants, factories, or mills that characteristically use powerdriven machines and materials-handling equipment.

Manufacturing production is usually carried on for the

wholesale market, for transfers to other plants of the same

company, or to the order of industrial users rather than for

direct sale to the household consumer. Some manufacturers in a few industries sell chiefly at retail to household

consumers through the mail, through house-to-house routes,

or through salespersons. Some activities of a service

nature (enameling, engraving, etc.) are included in manufacturing when they are performed primarily for trade. They

are considered nonmanufacturing when they are performed primarily to the order of the household consumer.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANNUAL SURVEY OF

MANUFACTURES AND CENSUS OF

MANUFACTURES

The Bureau of the Census conducts the annual survey

of manufactures (ASM) in each of the 4 years between the

censuses of manufactures. The ASM is a probability-based

sample of approximately 62,000 establishments and collects the same industry statistics (employment, payroll,

value of shipments, etc.) as the census of manufactures. In

addition to collecting the information normally requested

on the census form, the establishments in the ASM sample

are requested to supply information on assets, capital

expenditures, retirements, depreciation, rental payments,

supplemental labor costs, costs of purchased services,

and foreign content of materials consumed. Except for

supplemental labor costs, the extra ASM items are collected only in census years.

1

Standard Industrial Classification Manual: 1987. For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

DC 20402. Stock No. 041-001-00314-2.

MANUFACTURES—GEOGRAPHIC AREA SERIES CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES V
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ESTABLISHMENT BASIS OF REPORTING

The census of manufactures is conducted on an establishment basis. A company operating at more than one

location is required to file a separate report for each

location. The ASM also is conducted on an establishment

basis, but separate reports are filed for just those establishments selected in the sample. Companies engaged in

distinctly different lines of activity at one location are

requested to submit separate reports if the plant records

permit such a separation and if the activities are substantial in size.

In 1992, as in earlier years, a minimum size limit was set

for inclusion of establishments in the census. All establishments employing one person or more at any time during

the census year are included. The same size limitation has

applied since 1947 in censuses and annual surveys of

manufactures. In the 1939 and earlier censuses, establishments with less than $5,000 value of products were

excluded. The change in the minimum size limit in 1947

does not appreciably affect the historical comparability of

the census figures except for data on number of establishments for a few industries. This report excludes information for separately operated administrative offices, warehouses, garages, and other auxiliary units that service

manufacturing establishments of the same company (see

Auxiliaries).

MANUFACTURING UNIVERSE AND CENSUS

REPORT FORMS

The 1992 Census of Manufactures universe includes

approximately 380,000 establishments. The amounts of

information requested from manufacturing establishments

were dependent upon a number of factors. The more

important considerations were the size of the company

and whether it was included in the annual survey of

manufactures. The methods of obtaining information for

the various subsets of the universe to arrive at the aggregate figures shown in the publication are described below:

1. Small single-establishment companies not sent a

report form. In the 1992 Census of Manufactures,

approximately 143,000 small single-establishment companies were excused from filing reports. Selection of

these small establishments was done on an industryby-industry basis and was based on annual payroll and

total shipments data as well as on the industry classification codes contained in the administrative records

of Federal agencies. The cutoffs were selected so that

these administrative-record cases would account for

no more than 3 percent of the value of shipments for

all manufacturing. Generally, all single-establishment

companies with less than 5 employees were excused,

while all establishments with more than 20 employees

were mailed forms.

Information on the physical location of the establishment, as well as information on payrolls, receipts

(shipments), and industry classification, was obtained

from the administrative records of other Federal agencies under special arrangements which safeguarded

their confidentiality. Estimates of data for these small

establishments were developed using industry averages in conjunction with the administrative information. The value of shipments and cost of materials

were not distributed among specific products and

materials for these establishments but were included

in the product and material ‘‘not specified by kind’’

(n.s.k.) categories.

The industry classification codes included in the

administrative-record files were assigned on the basis

of brief descriptions of the general activity of the

establishment. As a result, an indeterminate number of

establishments were erroneously coded at the fourdigit SIC level. This was especially true whenever there

was a relatively fine line of demarcation between

industries or between manufacturing and nonmanufacturing activity.

Sometimes these administrative-record cases were

only given a two- or three-digit SIC group. For the 1992

Census of Manufactures, these establishments were

sent a separate classification form, which requested

information on the products and services of the establishment. This form was used to code many of these

establishments to the four-digit SIC level. Establishments that did not return the classification form were

coded later to those four-digit SIC industries identified

as ‘‘not elsewhere classified’’ (n.e.c.) within the given

two- or three-digit industry groups.

As a result of these situations, a number of small

establishments may have been misclassified by industry. However, such possible misclassification has no

significant effect on the statistics other than on the

number of companies and establishments.

The total establishment count for individual industries should be viewed as an approximation rather than

a precise measurement. The counts for establishments with 20 employees or more are far more reliable

than the count of total number of establishments.

2. Establishments sent a report form. The over

237,000 establishments covered in the mail canvass

were divided into three groups:

a. ASM sample establishments. This group consisted of approximately 62,000 establishments covering all the units of large manufacturing establishments as well as a sample of the medium and

smaller establishments. The probability of selection

was proportionate to size (see Appendix B, Annual

Survey of Manufactures).

In a census of manufactures year, the ASM

report form (MA-1000) replaces the first page of the

regular census form for those establishments included

in the ASM. In addition to information on employment, payroll, and other items normally requested

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on the regular census form, establishments in the

ASM sample were requested to supply information

on assets, capital expenditures, retirements, depreciation, rental payments, supplemental labor costs,

and costs of purchased services. See appendix A,

section 2, for an explanation of these items.

The census part of the report form is 1 of

approximately 200 versions containing product, material, and special inquiries. The diversity of manufacturing activities necessitated the use of these many

forms to canvass the 459 manufacturing industries.

Each form was developed for a group of related

industries.

Appearing on each form was a list of products

primary to the group of related industries as well as

secondary products and miscellaneous services

that establishments classified in these industries

were likely to be performing. Respondents were

requested to identify the products, the value of

each product, and, in a large number of cases, the

quantity of the product shipped during the survey

year. Space also was provided for the respondent

to describe products not specifically identified on

the form.

The report form also contained a materialsconsumed inquiry, which varied from form to form

depending on the industries being canvassed. The

respondents were asked to review a list of materials

generally used in their production processes. From

this list, each establishment was requested to identify those materials consumed during the survey

year, the cost of each, and, in certain cases, the

quantity consumed. Once again, space was provided for the respondent to describe significant

material not identified on the form.

Finally, a wide variety of special inquiries was

included to measure activities peculiar to a given

industry, such as operations performed and equipment used.

b. Large and medium establishments (nonASM). Approximately 112,000 establishments were

included in this group. A variable cutoff, based on

administrative-record payroll data and determined

on an industry-by-industry basis, was used to select

those establishments that were to receive 1 of the

approximately 200 census of manufactures regular

forms. The first page, requesting establishment

data for items such as employment and payroll, was

standard but did not contain the detailed statistics

included on the ASM form. The product, material,

and special inquiry sections supplied were based

on the historical industry classification of the establishment.

c. Small single-establishment companies (non-ASM).

This group consisted of approximately 63,000 establishments. For those industries where application of

the variable cutoff for administrative-record cases

resulted in a large number of small establishments

being included in the mail canvass, an abbreviated

or ‘‘short’’ form was used. These establishments

received 1 of the approximately 80 versions of the

short form, which requested summary product and

material data and totals but no details on employment, payrolls, cost of materials, inventories, and

capital expenditures.

Use of the short form has no adverse effect on published totals for the industry statistics; the same data were

collected on the short form as on the long form. However,

detailed information on materials consumed was not collected on the short form; thus, its use would increase the

value of the n.s.k. categories.

AUXILIARIES

Auxiliaries are establishments whose employees are

primarily engaged in performing supporting services for

other establishments of the same company, rather than for

the general public or for other business firms. They can be

at different locations from the establishments served or at

the same location as one of those establishments but not

operating as an integral part thereof and serving two

establishments or more. Where auxiliary operations are

conducted at the same location as the manufacturing

operation and operate as an integral part thereof, they

usually are included in the report for the operating manufacturing establishment.

Included in the broad category of auxiliaries are administrative offices. Employees in administrative offices are

concerned with the general management of multiestablishment companies; i.e., with the general supervision and

control of two units or more, such as manufacturing plants,

mines, sales branches, or stores. The functions of these

employees may include the following:

1. Program planning, including sales research and coordination of purchasing, production, and distribution

2. Company purchasing, including general contracts and

purchasing methods

3. Company financial policy and accounting

4. General engineering, including design of product machinery and equipment, and direction of engineering effort

conducted at the individual operation locations

5. Company personnel matters

6. Legal and patent matters

Other types of auxiliaries serving the plants or central

management of the company include purchasing offices,

sales promotion offices, research and development organizations, etc.

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In the 1992 census, as in previous censuses, respondents were asked to file separate report forms (ES-9200)

for auxiliary units which were at different locations from the

establishments served or at the same location as one of

those establishments but not operating as an integral part

thereof and serving two establishments or more.

This report includes information for separately operated

auxiliaries tabulated from form ES-9200. Data for these

establishments are included at the total manufacturing

level in each table of this report and are shown separately

in tables 5 through 9. Also included in this report are data

for those auxiliary operations that are conducted at the

same location as the manufacturing operation and are

collected as an integral part of the census of manufactures

report form for the operating manufacturing establishment.

These data are not shown separately in the tables.

A separate report on all separately operated auxiliaries,

including those serving nonmanufacturing establishments,

will be issued as part of the Enterprise Statistics program

of the 1992 Economic Census. This report will provide data

by industry of the establishment served, by primary activity

of the parent company, by size of auxiliary, and by size of

the parent company. Data will be presented on employment by type of activity performed by the employees and

primary activity of the auxiliary. Information also will be

shown on capital expenditures, inventories, and cost of

research and development.

INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION OF ESTABLISHMENTS

Each of the establishments covered in the census was

classified in 1 of 459 manufacturing industries in accordance with the industry definitions in the 1987 SIC Manual.

The 1987 edition of this manual represents a major

revision for manufacturing industries from the 1972 edition

and its 1977 supplement. Appendix A of the 1987 Manual

notes the revisions in the four-digit industry levels between

1972/ 77 and 1987.

An industry is generally defined as a group of establishments producing the same product or a closely related

group of products. The product groupings from which

industry classifications are derived are based on considerations such as similarity of manufacturing processes, types

of materials used, types of customers, and the like. The

resulting group of establishments must be significant in

terms of number, value added by manufacture, value of

shipments, and number of employees. The system operates in such a way that the definitions progressively

become narrower with successive additions of numerical

digits. For 1992, there are 20 major groups (two-digit SIC),

139 industry groups (three-digit SIC), and 459 industries

(four-digit SIC). This represents an expansion of four-digit

industries from 452 in 1972/ 77 and a reduction of threedigit groups from 143 in 1972/ 77. Product classes and

products of the manufacturing industries have been assigned

codes based on the industry from which they originate.

There are about 11,000 products identified by a seven-digit

code. The seven-digit products are considered the primary

products of the industry with the same four digits.

Accordingly, an establishment is usually classified in a

particular industry on the basis of its major activity during a

particular year; i.e., production of the products primary to

that industry exceeds, in value, production of the products

primary to any other single industry. In a few instances,

however, the industry classification of an establishment is

not only determined by the products it makes but also by

the process employed in operations. Refining of nonferrous metals from ore or rolling and drawing of nonferrous

metals (processes which involve heavy capitalization in

specialized equipment) would be classified according to

the process used during a census year. These establishments then would be ‘‘frozen’’ in that industry during the

following ASM years.

In either a census or ASM year, establishments included

in the ASM sample with certainty weight, other than those

involved with heavily capitalized activities described above,

are reclassified by industry only if the change in the primary

activity from the prior year is significant or if the change has

occurred for 2 successive years. This procedure prevents

reclassification when there are minor shifts in product mix.

In ASM years, establishments included in the ASM

sample with noncertainty weight are not shifted from one

industry classification to another. They are retained in the

industry where they were classified in the base census

year (see Appendix B, Annual Survey of Manufactures).

However, in the following census year, these ASM plants

are allowed to shift from one industry to another.

The results of these rules covering the switching of

plants from one industry classification to another are that,

at the aggregate level, some industries comprise different

mixes of establishments between survey years and establishment data for such industry statistics as employment

and payroll may be tabulated in different industries between

survey years. Hence, comparisons between prior-year and

current-year published totals, particularly at the four-digit

SIC level, should be viewed with caution. This is particularly true for the comparison between the data shown for a

census year versus the data shown for the previous ASM

year.

As previously noted, the small establishments that may

have been misclassified by industry are usually administrativerecord cases whose industry codes were assigned on the

basis of incomplete descriptions of the general activity of

the establishment. Such possible misclassifications have

no significant effect on the statistics other than on the

number of companies and establishments.

While some establishments produce only the primary

products of the industry in which they are classified,

all establishments of an industry rarely specialize to

this extent. The industry statistics (employment, inventories, value added by manufacture, total value of shipments

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including resales and miscellaneous receipts, etc.), therefore, reflect not only the primary activities of the establishments in that industry but also their secondary activities.

GEOGRAPHIC AREA CODING

Accurate and complete information on the physical

location of each establishment is required to tabulate the

census data for States, metropolitan areas (MA’s), counties, and incorporated municipalities including cities, towns,

villages, boroughs, and townships.

A computerized system was developed which assigned

an area code number and a prefix symbol to the mailing

address before the questionnaires were mailed. The assignment of tentative code numbers by the computer was

based on extensive reference files which have been

continually updated and expanded. The prefix symbol

indicated whether the information contained in the mailing

address was sufficient to provide a clearly acceptable area

code or whether there was some question about the

physical location of the establishment. An example of this

situation is when the mailing address is a P.O. box or a

central office. Respondents were required to report their

physical location (street address, municipality, county, and

State) if it differed from their mailing address.

Whenever the respondent reported a physical location

different from the mailing address, the corrected address

was used to assign a geographic code to the establishment. In addition, if the prefix symbol indicated any question about the acceptability of the mailing address, the

information received from the respondent on the actual

location was later carefully reviewed. As in previous censuses, the mailing address of the establishment was not

always accepted as defining the physical location. For

nonmail establishments (and those single-establishment

companies that did not provide acceptable information on

physical location), location information from the Internal

Revenue Service tax forms was used as a basis for coding.

GEOGRAPHIC AREAS COVERED

The State. Total data for each State and the District of

Columbia are published in tables 1 through 4. Table 5

presents data by State for two-, three-, and four-digit SIC

industries with 100 manufacturing employees or more,

except those whose inclusion would disclose data for

individual companies.

Metropolitan areas (MA’s)2. An MA is an integrated

economic and social unit with a large population nucleus of

at least 50,000 inhabitants3. Each MA consists of one or

more counties or statistically equivalent areas meeting

published standards of population and metropolitan character; in the six New England States (Connecticut, Maine,

Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont), cities and towns (rather than counties) are used as

the component geographic units.

An MA with a population of at least 1million or more may

be subdivided into primary metropolitan statistical areas

(PMSA’s). A PMSA consists of a large urbanized county or

a cluster of counties (cities and towns in New England) that

demonstrate very strong internal economic and social links

separate from the ties to other portions of its MA.

Where PMSA’s are defined, the MA of which they are

component parts is redesignated as a consolidated metropolitan statistical area (CMSA).

Table 4 shows all manufacturing totals for CMSA’s,

MSA’s, and PMSA’s. Table 6 includes industry detail at

two-, three-, and four-digit SIC level for CMSA’s, MSA’s,

and PMSA’s with 250 manufacturing employees or more,

except those whose inclusion would disclose the data for

individual companies.

Industrial counties or county equivalents4. Counties

are the primary divisions of States, except in Louisiana

where they are called parishes and in Alaska where they

are called boroughs and census areas. Maryland, Missouri,

Nevada, and Virginia have one place or more that is

independent of any county organization and constitutes

primary divisions of their States. These places are treated

as counties. Table 4 presents total data for counties. Table

7 presents data by county for two-, three-, and four-digit

industries with 500 manufacturing employees or more,

except those whose inclusion would disclose data for

individual companies.

Consolidated cities. Consolidated cities are consolidated

governments which consist of separately incorporated

municipalities. Table 4 presents total data for consolidated

cities with 500 manufacturing employees or more.

Places with 500 manufacturing employees or

more. The term ‘‘places’’ includes boroughs, towns, and

villages, except boroughs in Alaska and New York. For

census purposes, places are defined as incorporated

municipalities with populations of at least 2,500 or unincorporated municipalities with populations of at least 25,000

based on the 1990 population census or subsequent

special census. In addition, a few " industrial park" areas of

substantial manufacturing activity but with population below

the specified limits have been included in the 1992 Census

of Manufactures. Table 4 presents total data for places

with 500 manufacturing employees or more. Table 8

presents data by places for two-, three-, and four-digit

industries with 500 manufacturing employees or more,

except those whose inclusions would disclose data for

individual companies.

2

Each CMSA, MSA, and PMSA is defined as of June 30, 1993.

3

According to the 1990 census of population or subsequent social

census. 4Those defined as of January 1, 1992.

MANUFACTURES—GEOGRAPHIC AREA SERIES CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES IX
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CENSUS DISCLOSURE RULES

In accordance with Federal law governing census reports,

no data are published that would disclose the data for an

individual establishment or company. However, the number of establishments classified in a specific industry is not

considered a disclosure, so this information may be released

even though other information is withheld.

The disclosure analysis for the industry statistics in

tables 4 through 8 of this report is based on the total value

of shipments. When the total value of shipments cannot be

shown without disclosing information for individual companies, the complete line is suppressed except for new

capital expenditures. However, the suppressed data are

included in higher-level totals. A separate disclosure analysis is performed for new capital expenditures that can be

suppressed even though value of shipments data are

publishable.

SPECIAL TABULATIONS

Special tabulations of data collected in the 1992 Census

of Manufactures may be obtained on computer diskette or

in tabular form. The data will be in summary form and

subject to the same rules prohibiting disclosure of confidential information (including name, address, kind of business, or other data for individual business establishments

or companies) as are the regular publications.

Special tabulations are prepared on a cost basis. A

request for a cost estimate, as well as exact specifications

on the type and format of the data to be provided, should

be directed to the Chief, Manufacturing and Construction

Division, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used in

this publication:

– Represents zero.

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual

companies; data are included in higher level

totals.

(NA) Not available.

(NC) Not comparable.

(S) Withheld because estimate did not meet publication standards.

(X) Not applicable.

(Z) Less than half the unit shown.

CMSA Consolidated metropolitan statistical area.

IC Independent city.

MA Metropolitan area.

MSA Metropolitan statistical area.

n.e.c. Not elsewhere classified.

n.s.k. Not specified by kind.

PMSA Primary metropolitan statistical area.

pt Part.

r Revised.

SIC Standard Industrial Classification.

CONTACTS FOR DATA USERS

Subject Area Contact Phone

Census, ASM, and

CIR

SIC’s 20-23,

3021, 31

Judy Dodds 301-457-4651

SIC’s 24-30

(exc. 3021), 32

Michael Zampogna 301-457-4810

SIC’s 33-35

(exc. 357)

Kenneth Hansen 301-457-4755

SIC’s 357, 36-39 Bruce Goldhirsch 301-457-4817

Import/ export Foreign Trade 301-457-3041

publications Division

Industry analysis International 202-377-4356

and forecasting Trade

Administration

X CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES MANUFACTURES—GEOGRAPHIC AREA SERIES
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Users’ Guide for Locating Statistics in This Report

by Table Number

[For definitions of metropolitan areas and explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Item

State statistics Metropolitan area statistics County statistics Statistics for

selected places

Historical

Operating

ratios

All

manufacturing

totals

By

selected

industry

Historical

(selected

areas)

Operating

ratios

(selected

areas)

All

manufacturing

totals

By

selected

industry

All

manufacturing

totals

By

selected

industry

All

manufacturing

totals

By

selected

industry

Number of establishments:

Total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2a *3a, 4 5 2a 4 6 4 7 4 8

By employment-size

class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Number of companies . . . . . . 3a

Employment and payroll:

Number of employees . . . . 1, 2a 2b 3a, 4 5 2a 2b 4 6 4 7 4 8

Payroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1, 2a 2b 3a, 4 5 2a 2b 4 6 4 7 4 8

Supplemental labor costs . *3a

Production workers . . . . . . . 2a 2b *3a, 4 5 2a 2b 4 6 4 7 4 8

Production-worker hours . . 2a 2b *3a, 4 5 2a 2b 4 6 4 7 4 8

Production-worker wages. . 2a 2b 3a, 4 5 2a 2b 4 6 4 7 4 8

Shipments, cost of materials,

and value added:

Value of shipments . . . . . . . 2a 2b 3a, 4 5 2a 2b 4 6 4 7 4 8

Value added by manufacture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2a 2b 3a, 4 5 2a 2b 4 6 4 7 4 8

Cost of materials . . . . . . . . . 2a 2b *3a, 4 5 2a 2b 4 6 4 7 4 8

Cost of fuels and electric

energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3a

Quantity of electric

energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3a

Inventories:

Beginning and end of

year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3a

By stage of fabrication . . . . *3a

Capital expenditures, assets,

rental payments, and

purchased services:

New capital expenditures. . 2a *3b, 4 5 2a 4 6 4 7 4 8

Used plant and equipment

expenditures . . . . . . . . . . . . *3b

Gross assets . . . . . . . . . . . . *3b

Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . *3b

Retirements of buildings

and machinery . . . . . . . . . . *3b

Rental payments . . . . . . . . . *3b

*Detailed information shown.

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Contents

Alaska

[Page numbers listed here omit the prefix that

appears as part of the number of each page]

Page

Introduction to the Economic Census III ...............................................

Census of Manufactures V ..........................................................

Users’ Guide for Locating Statistics in This Report by Table Number XI ..................

Summary of Findings ............................................................. 2

Maps ........................................................................... 3

TABLES

Historical Statistics

1. Historical Employment Statistics for Operating Manufacturing Establishments and

Auxiliaries for the State and Metropolitan Areas: 1992 and Earlier Census

Years .................................................................... 5

2a. Historical Statistics for the State and Selected Metropolitan Areas: 1992 and

Earlier Census Years 5 ......................................................

2b. Selected Operating Ratios for the State and Selected Metropolitan Areas: 1992

and Earlier Census Years 5 ..................................................

Summary Statistics

3a. Summary Statistics for the State: 1992 6 ......................................

3b. Gross Book Value of Depreciable Assets, Capital Expenditures, Retirements,

Depreciation, and Rental Payments for the State: 1992 6 .......................

4. Statistics for the State, Metropolitan Areas, Boroughs and Census Areas, and

Selected Places: 1992 6 ....................................................

Industry Statistics

5. Statistics by Selected Industry Group and Industry for the State: 1992 and 1987 7 .

6. Statistics by Selected Industry Group and Industry for Metropolitan Areas: 1992 8 .

7. Statistics by Selected Industry Group and Industry for Selected Boroughs and

Census Areas: 1992 9 ......................................................

8. Statistics by Selected Industry Group and Industry for Selected Places: 1992 10 ....

Employment-Size Class Statistics

9. Distribution of Establishments by Employment Size and Major Group for the State

and Boroughs and Census Areas: 1992 11 .....................................

APPENDIXES

A. Explanation of Terms A–1 .......................................................

B. Annual Survey of Manufactures Sampling and Estimating Methodologies B–1 .........

C. Metropolitan Areas C–1 .........................................................

D. Geographic Notes D–1 ..........................................................

Publication Program Inside back cover ...................................................

MANUFACTURESmGEOGRAPHIC AREA SERIES ALASKAnnAK–1
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Summary of Findings

In 1992, 15.6 thousand persons were employed in

Alaska’s manufacturing establishments. This figure represented an increase of 41 percent from the 1987 figure of

11.1 thousand workers.

The total value added by manufacture for the State

amounted to $1.3 billion in 1992. This figure, along with all

dollar figures in this report, are at prices current for the year

specified and, therefore, are unadjusted for changes in

price levels. Consequently, when making comparisons to

prior years, users should take into consideration the inflation that has occurred.

In the State, the leading industry groups ranked by

employment were food and kindred products, lumber and

wood products, printing and publishing, and paper and

allied products. These same industry groups were the

leaders in 1987.

The leading boroughs and census areas in the State

ranked by employment were Anchorage, Aleutians West,

Kodiak Island, and Kenai Peninsula. They accounted for

approximately 49 percent of the State’s 1992 manufacturing employment. This represents a shift from 1987 when

Anchorage, Ketchikan Gateway, Kenai Peninsula, and

Kodiak Island accounted for approximately 54 percent of

the State’s employment.

Single-establishment companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were excluded from the mail

portion of the census. The data for these establishments

(and a small number of larger establishments whose

reports were not received at the time the data were

tabulated) were obtained from administrative records of

other agencies or developed from industry averages. For

this State, these establishments accounted for 8 percent

of the total value of shipments.

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Table 1. Historical Employment Statistics for Operating Manufacturing Establishments and

Auxiliaries for the State and Metropolitan Areas: 1992 and Earlier Census Years

[For definitions of CMSA’s, MSA’s, and PMSA’s; information on geographic areas followed by ó; and general geographic information, see appendixes. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols,

see introductory text]

Geographic area and year

All establishments Operating manufacturing

establishments Auxiliaries1

Employees

(1,000)

Payroll

(million dollars)

Employees

(1,000)

Payroll

(million dollars)

Employees

(1,000)

Payroll

(million dollars)

ALASKA

1992 Census------------------------------------------------------------------- 15.6 420.0 15.5 415.0 nnn.1 nn5.0

1987 Census------------------------------------------------------------------- 11.1 271.7 10.9 262.9 nnn.2 nn8.8

1982 Census------------------------------------------------------------------- 12.8 269.5 12.4 262.5 nnn.4 nn7.0

1977 Census------------------------------------------------------------------- 11.4 166.0 11.3 163.9 nnn.1 nn2.1

METROPOLITAN AREAS

Anchorage, AK MSA

1992 Census------------------------------------------------------------------- n nn2.5 62.7 nn2.4 59.6 nnn.1 nn3.1

1987 Census------------------------------------------------------------------- n nn2.3 59.8 nn2.1 52.7 nnn.2 nn7.1

1982 Census------------------------------------------------------------------- n nn2.8 58.2 nn2.7 55.1 nnn.1 nn3.1

1977 Census------------------------------------------------------------------- n nn2.0 28.2 nn1.9 27.0 nnn.1 nn1.2

1Defined in introductory text. Data for these establishments are included at the total manufacturing level in each table in this report. Data for these establishments are shown separately in

tables 5 through 9.

Table 2a. Historical Statistics for the State and Selected Metropolitan Areas: 1992 and

Earlier Census Years

[Includes operating manufacturing establishments and auxiliaries. Includes MA’s with 40,000 manufacturing employees or more. For definitions of CMSA’s, MSA’s, and PMSA’s; information on

geographic areas followed by ó; and explanation of terms, see appendixes. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

Year1

All establishments2 All employees Production workers Comparative indexes and

U.S. employment

Total

(no.)

With 20

employees or

more

(no.)

Number

(1,000)

Payroll

(million

dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Hours (millions)

Wages

(million

dollars)

Value added by

manufac- ture3

(million

dollars)

Cost of materials4

(million

dollars)

Value of ship- ments4

(million

dollars)

New

capital

expend- itures

(million

dollars)

Percent

of U.S. manufac- turing

employ- ment

Index of

State/

MSA

employ- ment change

(1987 =

100)

Index of U.S. manufac- turing

employ- ment change

(1987=

100)

U.S. manufac- turing

employ- ment

(1,000)

ALASKA

1992 Census 507 - 132 15.6 420.0 12.0 25.0 306.6 1 345.1 2 266.4 3 628.9 103.1 .09 141 96 18 253.3 1987 Census 427 - 106 11.1 271.7 8.4 16.7 191.4 834.0 1 892.6 2 710.7 68.6 .06 100 100 18 949.2 1982 Census 445 - 144 12.8 269.5 10.0 18.3 196.6 769.2 1 805.8 2 579.9 58.5 .07 115 101 19 094.1 1977 Census 429 - 128 11.4 166.0 9.3 16.9 122.7 504.2 767.2 1 250.3 178.1 .06 103 103 19 590.1

1For intercensal data for the years between 1963 and 1978, see the 1978–1979 Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) clothbound volume. For intercensal State data for the years 1983

through 1986, see 1986 Annual Survey of Manufactures, Geographic Area Statistics, (M86(AS)-3) table 1. No data are available for the years 1979, 1980, and 1981. For intercensal State data for

the years 1988 through 1991, see the 1991 Annual Survey of Manufactures, Geographic Area Statistics (M91(AS)-3) table 1. For data prior to 1963, see the 1963 Census of Manufactures, vol. III,

table 2 of the State chapter. 2Includes establishments with payroll at any time during year.

3Value added by manufacture for 1982 is computed using inventory data reported at cost or market prior to any adjustment to LIFO cost. This uniform instruction is a change from prior

years in which respondents were permitted to value their inventories using any generally accepted accounting method. Consequently, 1987 and 1982 data for value added by manufacture are not

comparable to prior-year data. For further explanation, see Inventories in appendixes. 4Aggregate of cost of materials and value of shipments includes extensive duplication since products of some industries are used as materials by others.

Table 2b. Selected Operating Ratios for the State and Selected Metropolitan Areas: 1992

and Earlier Census Years

[Includes operating manufacturing establishments and auxiliaries. Includes MA’s with 40,000 manufacturing employees or more. For definitions of CMSA’s, MSA’s, and PMSA’s; information on

geographic areas followed by ó; and explanation of terms, see appendixes. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

Geographic area and year

Payroll per

employee

(dollars)

Production

worker as

percent of

total

employment

(percent)

Annual hours

of production

workers

(number)

Average hourly

earnings of

production

workers

(dollars)

Cost of

materials as

percent of

value of

shipments

(percent)

Cost of

materials and

payroll as

percent of

value of

shipments

(percent)

Value added

per employee

(dollars)

Payroll as

percent of

value added

(percent)

Value added

per productionworker hour

(dollars)

ALASKA

1992 Census 26 ------------------------------------- 923 77 2 083 12.26 62 74 86 224 31 53.80 1987 Census 24 ------------------------------------- 477 76 1 988 11.46 70 80 75 135 33 49.94 1982 Census 21 ------------------------------------- 055 78 1 830 10.74 70 80 60 094 35 42.03 1977 Census 14 ------------------------------------- 561 82 1 817 7.26 61 75 44 228 33 29.83

Note: For qualifications of data, see footnotes in table 2a.

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Table 3a. Summary Statistics for the State: 1992

[Includes operating manufacturing establishments and auxiliaries. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Item 1992

Companies1 -------------------------------------------------- number-- 449

All establishments2-------------------------------------------- number-- 507

With 1 to 19 employees number ------------------------------------- -- 375

With 20 to 99 employees number ------------------------------------ -- 84

With 100 employees or more number --------------------------------- -- 48

Employment and labor costs:

Employees 1,000 --------------------------------------------------- -- 15.6

Compensation, total mil dol ------------------------------------------ -- 512.6

Annual payroll mil dol --------------------------------------------- -- 420.0

Fringe benefits mil dol -------------------------------------------- -- 92.6

Social Security and other legally required payments mil dol --------- -- 54.3

Employer payments and other programs mil dol ------------------- -- 38.3

Production workers: Average for year 1,000 ---------------------------------------------- -- 12.0 March 1,000 ----------------------------------------------------- -- 11.6 May 1,000 ------------------------------------------------------- -- 11.8 August 1,000 ----------------------------------------------------- -- 16.3 November 1,000 -------------------------------------------------- -- 8.2

Hours millions ------------------------------------------------------ -- 25.0

Wages mil dol ------------------------------------------------------ -- 306.6

Item 1992

Cost of materials3---------------------------------------------- mil dol-- 2 266.4 Materials, parts, containers, etc., consumed mil dol -------------------- -- 1 979.7 Resales mil dol ----------------------------------------------------- -- 72.1 Fuels mil dol ------------------------------------------------------- -- 99.2 Purchased electricity mil dol ----------------------------------------- -- 25.1 Contract work mil dol ----------------------------------------------- -- 90.4

Quantity of electric energy used for heat and power:

Purchased mil kWh ------------------------------------------------- -- 347.6

Generated less sold mil kWh ----------------------------------------- -- 555.5

Value of shipments3-------------------------------------------- mil dol-- 3 628.9

Value added by manfuacture mil dol ------------------------------------ -- 1 345.1

Inventories by stage of fabrication:

Beginning of 1992 mil dol ------------------------------------------- -- 348.5

Finished goods mil dol -------------------------------------------- -- 208.7

Work-in-process mil dol ------------------------------------------- -- 57.7

Materials and supplies mil dol -------------------------------------- -- 82.1

End of 1992 mil dol ------------------------------------------------- -- 328.5

Finished goods mil dol -------------------------------------------- -- 217.4

Work-in-process mil dol ------------------------------------------- -- 38.4

Materials and supplies mil dol -------------------------------------- -- 72.7

1For the census, a company is defined as a business organization consisting of one establishment or more under common ownership or control.

2Includes establishments with payroll at any time during year.

3Aggregate of cost of materials and value of shipments includes extensive duplication, since products of some industries are used as materials by others (see appendixes).

Table 3b. Gross Book Value of Depreciable Assets, Capital Expenditures, Retirements,

Depreciation, and Rental Payments for the State:nn1992

[Million dollars. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Item 1992

Gross book value of depreciable assets: Total: Beginning of year -------------------------------------------------- 2 014.1 New capital expenditures ----------------------------------------- 103.1 Used capital expenditures ---------------------------------------- 13.0 Retirements ----------------------------------------------------- 46.1 End of year ------------------------------------------------------- 2 084.0

Buildings and other structures:

Beginning of year -------------------------------------------------- 531.4 New capital expenditures ----------------------------------------- 13.7 Used capital expenditures ---------------------------------------- 3.0 Retirements ----------------------------------------------------- 8.7 End of year ------------------------------------------------------- 539.4

Item 1992

Gross book value of depreciable assetsmCon.

Machinery and equipment:

Beginning of year -------------------------------------------------- 1 482.6 New capital expenditures ----------------------------------------- 89.3 Used capital expenditures ---------------------------------------- 10.0 Retirements ----------------------------------------------------- 37.4 End of year ------------------------------------------------------- 1 544.6

Depreciation charges during 1992:

Total --------------------------------------------------------------- 110.6

Buildings and other structures ----------------------------------------- 22.3

Machinery and equipment -------------------------------------------- 88.3

Rental payments: Total --------------------------------------------------------------- 23.5 Buildings and other structures ----------------------------------------- 9.2 Machinery and equipment -------------------------------------------- 14.3

Table 4. Statistics for the State, Metropolitan Areas, Boroughs and Census Areas, and

Selected Places: 1992

[Includes operating manufacturing establishments and auxiliaries. Includes places with 500 manufacturing employees or more. For definitions of CMSA’s, MSA’s, and PMSA’s; information on

geographic areas followed by ó; and explanation of terms, see appendixes. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

Geographic area

All establishments2 All employees Production workers

E1 Total(no.)

With 20

employees or

more

(no.)

Number

(1,000)

Payroll

(million

dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Hours

(millions)

Wages

(million

dollars)

Value added by

manufac- ture (million

dollars)

Cost of

mater- ials3

(million

dollars)

Value of ship- ments3

(million

dollars)

New

capital

expend- itures

(million

dollars)

Alaska – ---------------------------- 507 132 15.6 420.0 12.0 25.0 306.6 1 345.1 2 266.4 3 628.9 103.1

METROPOLITAN AREAS

Anchorage, AK MSA E3 ------------------------ 177 24 2.5 62.7 1.3 2.7 34.0 152.0 138.8 292.1 5.5

BOROUGHS AND CENSUS AREAS

Aleutians East Borough ó ------------------- – 2 2 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Aleutians West Census Area ó -------------- – 15 12 1.8 49.3 1.6 3.9 39.2 170.2 187.7 358.0 27.3

Anchorage Borough E3 ------------------------ 177 24 2.5 62.7 1.3 2.7 34.0 152.0 138.8 292.1 5.5

Bethel Census Area – ------------------------ 4 1 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Bristol Bay Borough – ------------------------ 4 4 .4 8.8 .2 .9 6.4 18.2 59.1 77.4 (D)

Denali Borough ó -------------------------- E9 2 – (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Dillingham Census Area – --------------------- 11 3 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) .8

Fairbanks North Star Borough – --------------- 48 7 .6 19.4 .3 .6 9.6 134.0 346.4 475.7 (D)

Haines Borough E9 ---------------------------- 2 – (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Juneau Borough – ---------------------------- 26 6 .6 23.2 .5 1.1 18.9 38.5 34.7 71.9 4.5

See footnotes at end of table.

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Table 4. Statistics for the State, Metropolitan Areas, Boroughs and Census Areas, and

Selected Places: 1992mCon.

[Includes operating manufacturing establishments and auxiliaries. Includes places with 500 manufacturing employees or more. For definitions of CMSA’s, MSA’s, and PMSA’s; information on

geographic areas followed by ó; and explanation of terms, see appendixes. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

Geographic area

All establishments2 All employees Production workers

E1 Total(no.)

With 20

employees or

more

(no.)

Number

(1,000)

Payroll

(million

dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Hours

(millions)

Wages

(million

dollars)

Value

added by

manufacture

(million

dollars)

Cost of

materials3

(million

dollars)

Value of

shipments3

(million

dollars)

New

capital

expenditures

(million

dollars)

BOROUGHS AND CENSUS AREASm Con.

Kenai Peninsula Borough – -------------------- 45 14 1.6 44.5 1.3 2.3 31.9 250.0 673.4 940.1 18.0 Ketchikan Gateway Borough – ----------------- 34 14 1.5 53.4 1.2 2.5 40.5 107.7 191.4 303.7 9.0 Kodiak Island Borough – ---------------------- 24 15 1.8 36.0 1.6 3.2 28.3 81.2 163.5 245.3 8.4 Matanuska-Susitna Borough E4 ----------------- 20 1 .1 1.7 (Z) .1 .9 3.6 4.0 7.8 .1

Nome Census Area E9 ------------------------- 3 1 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

North Slope Borough – ----------------------- 2 – (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Northwest Arctic Borough E9 ------------------- 2 – (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area – - 21 7 .6 18.1 .6 1.1 15.0 121.2 73.1 197.6 2.9

Sitka Borough – ------------------------------ 14 3 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon Census Area – ------- 8 2 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Southeast Fairbanks Census Area E9 ------------ 6 – (Z) .3 (Z) (Z) .2 .8 1.3 2.0 (D)

Valdez-Cordova Census Area E3 ---------------- 15 6 .6 9.4 .5 .8 7.2 20.1 49.6 69.7 1.5

Wade Hampton Census Area – ---------------- 1 – (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area E4 ------------ 21 10 .8 23.2 .7 1.6 18.9 48.2 81.7 130.5 2.3

PLACES

Anchorage E3 --------------------------------- 177 24 2.5 62.7 1.3 2.7 34.0 152.0 138.8 292.1 5.5

Juneau – ------------------------------------ 26 6 .6 23.2 .5 1.1 18.9 38.5 34.7 71.9 4.5

Kenai – ------------------------------------- 9 5 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 3.8

Ketchikan – ---------------------------------- 29 10 1.1 39.5 .9 1.8 28.7 84.5 166.8 255.1 7.5

Kodiak – ------------------------------------ 20 11 1.6 31.5 1.5 2.9 26.3 67.7 137.1 204.6 8.1

Sitka – -------------------------------------- 14 3 (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

1Payroll, employment, and sales data for some small single unit companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other

government agencies rather than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate the items shown for these small establishments. This

technique was also used for other establishments whose reports were not received at time data were tabulated. The following symbols are shown where estimated data account for 10 percent or

more of figures shown: E1m10 to 19 percent; E2m20 to 29 percent; E3m30 to 39 percent; E4m40 to 49 percent; E5m50 to 59 percent; E6m60 to 69 percent; E7m70 to 79 percent; E8m80 to

89 percent; E9m90 percent or more. 2Includes establishments with payroll at any time during year.

3Aggregate of cost of materials and value of shipments includes extensive duplication, since products of some industries are used as materials by others (see appendixes).

Table 5. Statistics by Selected Industry Group and Industry for the State: 1992 and 1987

[Includes operating manufacturing establishments and auxiliaries. Includes industry groups and industries with 100 employees or more. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory

text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

SIC

code Industry

1992 1987

All establishments All employees Production workers

E

Total

(no.)

With 20

employees or

more

(no.)

Number1

(1,000)

Payroll

(million

dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Hours

(millions)

Wages

(million

dollars)

Value

added by

manufacture

(million

dollars)

Cost of

materials

(million

dollars)

Value of

shipments

(million

dollars)

New

capital

expenditures

(million

dollars)

All

employees

(1,000)

Value

added by

manufacture

(million

dollars)

All industries – ----------- 507 132 15.6 420.0 12.0 25.0 306.6 1 345.1 2 266.4 3 628.9 103.1 11.1 834.0

20 Food and kindred products – ----- 119 67 8.8 186.5 7.4 15.3 145.0 516.7 852.4 1 370.9 54.8 5.0 264.9

205 Bakery products – --------------- 3 1 C (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA) (NA)

2051 Bread, cake, and related

products – ------------------- 3 1 C (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA) (NA)

209 Miscellaneous food and kindred

products – --------------------- 104 63 8.5 177.7 7.2 15.0 140.1 493.3 825.3 1 320.3 54.4 4.8 248.5

2091 Canned and cured fish and

seafoods – ------------------ 21 11 1.0 21.9 .7 2.0 15.6 65.1 129.8 194.9 2.6 .9 58.0

2092 Fresh or frozen prepared fish – - 76 52 7.5 155.2 6.5 12.9 124.1 425.5 687.0 1 114.1 51.7 (NA) (D)

24 Lumber and wood products E2 ---- 84 24 2.3 83.8 2.0 4.3 71.1 253.8 245.1 503.7 10.6 1.7 141.7

241 Logging E1 ---------------------- 52 19 1.7 60.8 1.5 3.1 52.3 215.7 158.1 376.1 8.8 1.4 125.6 2411 Logging E1 -------------------- 52 19 1.7 60.8 1.5 3.1 52.3 215.7 158.1 376.1 8.8 1.4 125.6

242 Sawmills and planing mills E4 ------ 22 5 .6 22.4 .5 1.1 18.4 36.7 84.5 123.7 1.8 (NA) (D)

2421 Sawmills and planing mills,

general E4 -------------------- 20 5 F (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA) (D)

26 Paper and allied products – ------- 3 2 F (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) F (D)

261 Pulp mills – --------------------- 2 2 F (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) F (D)

2611 Pulp mills – ------------------- 2 2 F (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) F (D)

27 Printing and publishing E3 --------- 114 15 1.7 35.3 .6 1.1 12.9 72.7 26.4 100.0 3.6 1.6 66.5

271 Newspapers E5 ------------------ 37 10 1.2 22.7 .3 .5 5.7 42.2 12.4 55.4 2.2 1.2 45.8

2711 Newspapers E5 ---------------- 37 10 1.2 22.7 .3 .5 5.7 42.2 12.4 55.4 2.2 1.2 45.8

275 Commercial printing E2 ------------ 49 4 .3 9.1 .2 .5 6.2 16.8 9.4 26.3 1.1 .4 15.0

2752 Commercial printing,

lithographic E2 ---------------- 38 4 .3 8.4 .2 .5 5.8 15.4 8.6 24.1 1.0 .3 14.2

28 Chemicals and allied products – -- 7 2 E (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) E (D)

287 Agricultural chemicals – ---------- 2 2 E (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) E (D)

2873 Nitrogenous fertilizers – -------- 2 2 E (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) E (D)

See footnotes at end of table.

MANUFACTURESmGEOGRAPHIC AREA SERIES ALASKAnnAK–7
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Table 5. Statistics by Selected Industry Group and Industry for the State: 1992 and 1987m

Con.

[Includes operating manufacturing establishments and auxiliaries. Includes industry groups and industries with 100 employees or more. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory

text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

SIC

code Industry

1992 1987

All establishments All employees Production workers

E

Total

(no.)

With 20

employees or

more

(no.)

Number1

(1,000)

Payroll

(million

dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Hours

(millions)

Wages

(million

dollars)

Value

added by

manufacture

(million

dollars)

Cost of

materials

(million

dollars)

Value of

shipments

(million

dollars)

New

capital

expenditures

(million

dollars)

All

employees

(1,000)

Value

added by

manufacture

(million

dollars)

29 Petroleum and coal products – --- 9 5 .4 21.7 .3 .6 16.3 268.0 762.5 1 044.8 11.6 .3 207.0

291 Petroleum refining – ------------- 6 4 E (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) E (D)

2911 Petroleum refining – ----------- 6 4 E (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) E (D)

32 Stone, clay, and glass products E1 - 27 3 .2 7.8 .2 .4 5.2 20.1 20.0 40.3 (D) .4 28.7

327 Concrete, gypsum, and plaster

products – --------------------- 22 3 .2 7.7 .2 .4 5.1 19.8 19.9 39.8 (D) E (D)

3273 Ready-mixed concrete – ------- 17 3 .2 6.5 .1 .3 4.3 16.8 18.1 35.0 (D) E (D)

34 Fabricated metal products E1 ------ 26 3 .3 8.8 .2 .4 5.8 20.4 23.5 44.1 1.1 .3 12.5

344 Fabricated structural metal

products E1 --------------------- 18 3 .2 7.5 .2 .4 4.8 18.0 21.8 40.1 1.0 (NA) (NA) 3441 Fabricated structural metal – --- 3 2 C (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (NA) (NA)

35 Industrial machinery and

equipment E3 -------------------- 20 1 .1 3.4 .1 .2 2.2 7.0 2.5 9.5 (D) (NA) (NA)

37 Transportation equipment E2 ------ 30 5 .2 6.9 .2 .4 4.9 11.4 10.9 22.3 (D) (NA) (NA)

373 Ship and boat building and

repairing E2 --------------------- 24 5 .2 6.0 .2 .3 4.4 9.6 9.3 18.9 (D) (NA) (NA)

3732 Boat building and repairing E3 --- 20 3 C (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) .1 (NA) (NA)

–– Auxiliaries – ---------------------- 10 3 .1 5.0 – – – – – – – .2 –

Note: For qualifications of data, see footnotes in table 4.

1Statistics for some levels are withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies. However, for such disclosures with 100 employees or more, number of establishments is shown

and employment-size range is indicated by one of the following symbols: Cm100 to 249 employees; Em250 to 499 employees; Fm500 to 999 employees; Gm1,000 to 2,499 employees; Hm2,500

to 4,999 employees; Im5,000 to 9,999 employees; Jm10,000 to 24,999 employees; Km25,000 to 49,999 employees; Lm50,000 to 99,999 employees; Mm100,000 employees or more. Statistics for

industry groups shown include data for all component industries, regardless of whether data are shown for individual industries in group.

Table 6. Statistics by Selected Industry Group and Industry for Metropolitan Areas: 1992

[Includes operating manufacturing establishments and auxiliaries. Includes industry groups and industries with 250 employees or more within MA’s, except those that would disclose data for

individual companies. For definitions of CMSA’s, MSA’s, and PMSA’s; information on geographic areas followed by ó; and explanation of terms, see appendixes. For meaning of abbreviations and

symbols, see introductory text]

SIC

code Geographic area and industry

All establishments All employees Production workers

E

Total

(no.)

With 20

employees or

more

(no.)

Number1

(1,000)

Payroll

(million

dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Hours

(millions)

Wages

(million

dollars)

Value

added by

manufacture

(million

dollars)

Cost of

materials

(million

dollars)

Value of

shipments

(million

dollars)

New

capital

expenditures

(million

dollars)

Anchorage, AK MSA E3 --------------- 177 24 2.5 62.7 1.3 2.7 34.0 152.0 138.8 292.1 5.5

20 Food and kindred products E3 ----------------- 19 6 .4 10.9 .3 .6 6.2 29.0 45.9 75.0 1.0

27 Printing and publishing E4 --------------------- 65 9 1.2 22.3 .4 .8 9.0 48.7 18.5 68.1 2.1

271 Newspapers E8 ------------------------------ 8 4 .8 11.7 .1 .3 2.8 21.8 7.1 29.8 .8

2711 Newspapers E8 ---------------------------- 8 4 .8 11.7 .1 .3 2.8 21.8 7.1 29.8 .8

275 Commercial printing E2 ----------------------- 34 4 .3 7.4 .2 .4 5.1 13.5 7.2 20.8 1.0

Note: For qualifications of data, see footnotes in table 4.

1Statistics for some levels are withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies. However, for such disclosures with 250 employees or more, number of establishments is shown

and employment-size range is indicated by one of the following symbols: Cm100 to 249 employees; Em250 to 499 employees; Fm500 to 999 employees; Gm1,000 to 2,499 employees; Hm2,500

to 4,999 employees; Im5,000 to 9,999 employees; Jm10,000 to 24,999 employees; Km25,000 to 49,999 employees; Lm50,000 to 99,999 employees; Mm100,000 employees or more. Statistics for

industry groups shown include data for all component industries, regardless of whether data are shown for individual industries in group.

AK–8nnALASKA MANUFACTURESmGEOGRAPHIC AREA SERIES
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Table 7. Statistics by Selected Industry Group and Industry for Selected Boroughs and

Census Areas: 1992

[Includes operating manufacturing establishments and auxiliaries. Includes boroughs and census areas with 500 employees or more and industry groups and industries with 500 employees or more

within boroughs and census areas, except those that would disclose data for individual companies. For definitions of CMSA’s, MSA’s, and PMSA’s, information on geographic areas followed by ó,

general geographic information, and explanation of terms,]

SIC

code Geographic area and industry

All establishments All employees Production workers

E

Total

(no.)

With 20

employees or

more

(no.)

Number1

(1,000)

Payroll

(million

dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Hours

(millions)

Wages

(million

dollars)

Value

added by

manufacture

(million

dollars)

Cost of

materials

(million

dollars)

Value of

shipments

(million

dollars)

New

capital

expenditures

(million

dollars)

Aleutians East Borough ó------ – 2 2 G (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

20 Food and kindred products – ------------ 2 2 G (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

209 Miscellaneous food and kindred

products – ---------------------------- 2 2 G (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

2092 Fresh or frozen prepared fish – -------- 2 2 G (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Aleutians West Census Area ó - – 15 12 1.8 49.3 1.6 3.9 39.2 170.2 187.7 358.0 27.3

20 Food and kindred products – ------------ 11 9 G (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

209 Miscellaneous food and kindred

products – ---------------------------- 11 9 G (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

2092 Fresh or frozen prepared fish – -------- 11 9 G (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Anchorage Borough

(Coextensive with Anchorage, AK

MSA; see table 6.)

Fairbanks North Star Borough – -- 48 7 .6 19.4 .3 .6 9.6 134.0 346.4 475.7 (D)

Juneau Borough – --------------- 26 6 .6 23.2 .5 1.1 18.9 38.5 34.7 71.9 4.5

Kenai Peninsula Borough – ------ 45 14 1.6 44.5 1.3 2.3 31.9 250.0 673.4 940.1 18.0

20 Food and kindred products – ------------ 20 9 F (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

209 Miscellaneous food and kindred

products – ---------------------------- 19 9 F (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

2092 Fresh or frozen prepared fish – -------- 16 8 .8 13.0 .7 1.1 9.3 38.7 100.2 138.9 (D)

Ketchikan Gateway Borough – --- 34 14 1.5 53.4 1.2 2.5 40.5 107.7 191.4 303.7 9.0

24 Lumber and wood products – ------------ 22 8 .6 24.4 .5 1.2 19.6 52.8 87.2 141.6 (D)

Kodiak Island Borough – --------- 24 15 1.8 36.0 1.6 3.2 28.3 81.2 163.5 245.3 8.4

20 Food and kindred products – ------------ 15 13 1.7 34.1 1.5 3.1 27.8 78.9 162.3 241.8 8.4

209 Miscellaneous food and kindred

products – ---------------------------- 14 13 G (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 8.4

2092 Fresh or frozen prepared fish – -------- 13 12 G (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Prince of Wales-Outer

Ketchikan Census Area – ------- 21 7 .6 18.1 .6 1.1 15.0 121.2 73.1 197.6 2.9

Sitka Borough – ----------------- 14 3 F (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D)

Valdez-Cordova Census Area E3 -- 15 6 .6 9.4 .5 .8 7.2 20.1 49.6 69.7 1.5

Wrangell-Petersburg Census

Area E4 ------------------------- 21 10 .8 23.2 .7 1.6 18.9 48.2 81.7 130.5 2.3

Note: For qualifications of data, see footnotes in table 4.

1Statistics for some levels are withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies. However, for such disclosures with 500 employees or more, number of establishments is shown

and employment-size range is indicated by one of the following symbols: Cm100 to 249 employees; Em250 to 499 employees; Fm500 to 999 employees; Gm1,000 to 2,499 employees; Hm2,500

to 4,999 employees; Im5,000 to 9,999 employees; Jm10,000 to 24,999 employees; Km25,000 to 49,999 employees; Lm50,000 to 99,999 employees; Mm100,000 employees or more. Statistics for

industry groups shown include data for all component industries, regardless of whether data are shown for individual industries in group.

MANUFACTURESmGEOGRAPHIC AREA SERIES ALASKAnnAK–9
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Table 8. Statistics by Selected Industry Group and Industry for Selected Places: 1992

[Includes operating manufacturing establishments and auxiliaries. Includes places with 500 employees or more and industry groups and industries with 500 employees or more within places, except

those that would disclose data for individual companies. For information on geographic areas followed by ó, general geographic information, and explanation of terms, see appendixes. For

meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

SIC

code Geographic area and industry

All establishments All employees Production workers

E

Total

(no.)

With 20

employees or

more

(no.)

Number1

(1,000)

Payroll

(million

dollars)

Number

(1,000)

Hours

(millions)

Wages

(million

dollars)

Value

added by

manufacture

(million

dollars)

Cost of

materials

(million

dollars)

Value of

shipments

(million

dollars)

New

capital

expenditures

(million

dollars)

Anchorage

(Coextensive with Anchorage, AK

MSA; see table 6.)

Juneau

(Coextensive with Juneau

Borough, AK; see table 7.)

Kenai – ------------------------- 9 5 F (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) (D) 3.8

Ketchikan – --------------------- 29 10 1.1 39.5 .9 1.8 28.7 84.5 166.8 255.1 7.5

Kodiak – ------------------------ 20 11 1.6 31.5 1.5 2.9 26.3 67.7 137.1 204.6 8.1

20 Food and kindred products – ------------ 12 10 1.5 30.3 1.4 2.9 25.8 65.4 135.8 201.1 8.0

209 Miscellaneous food and kindred

products – ---------------------------- 11 10 1.5 29.8 1.4 2.9 25.5 64.3 134.8 199.1 8.0 2092 Fresh or frozen prepared fish – -------- 11 10 1.5 29.8 1.4 2.9 25.5 64.3 134.8 199.1 8.0

Sitka

(Coextensive with Sitka Borough,

AK; see table 7.)

Note: For qualifications of data, see footnotes in table 4.

1Statistics for some levels are withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies. However, for such disclosures with 500 employees or more, number of establishments is shown

and employment-size range is indicated by one of the following symbols: Cm100 to 249 employees; Em250 to 499 employees; Fm500 to 999 employees; Gm1,000 to 2,499 employees; Hm2,500

to 4,999 employees; Im5,000 to 9,999 employees; Jm10,000 to 24,999 employees; Km25,000 to 49,999 employees; Lm50,000 to 99,999 employees; Mm100,000 employees or more. Statistics for

industry groups shown include data for all component industries, regardless of whether data are shown for individual industries in group.

AK–10nnALASKA MANUFACTURESmGEOGRAPHIC AREA SERIES
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Areas: 1992 [Major groups descriptions are: 20mfood and kindred products; 21mtobacco products; 22mtextile mill products; 23mapparel and other textile products; 24mlumber and wood products; 

27mprinting and publishing; 28mchemicals and allied products; 29mpetroleum and coal products; 30mrubber and miscellaneous plastics products; 31mleather and leather products; 32msto

34mfabricated metal products; 35mindustrial machinery and equipment; 36melectronic and other electric equipment; 37mtransportation equipment; 38minstruments and related products; 39mm

geographic areas followed by ó, general geographic information, and explanation of terms, see appendixes. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text] Geographic area and employee-size class1 Establishments in major groupm All estab- lishments 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 3

Alaska 507 ------------------------ 119 – 3 10 84 3 3 114 7 9 12 4 27 1 2

1 to 4 employees 228 ----------------------- 30 – 3 8 33 1 – 61 2 1 7 3 12 1 1

5 to 9 employees 85 ----------------------- 10 – – – 18 1 1 24 1 2 4 – 5 – 10 to 19 employees 62 --------------------- 12 – – 1 9 1 – 14 2 1 1 – 7 – 20 to 49 employees 54 --------------------- 19 – – 1 8 – – 9 – 2 – 1 3 – 50 to 99 employees 30 --------------------- 14 – – – 10 – – 3 – 2 – – – – 100 to 249 employees 37 ------------------- 27 – – – 5 – – 2 2 1 – – – – 250 to 499 employees 10 ------------------- 6–––1–21––––––500 to 999 employees 1 ------------------- 1–––––––––––––

Aleutians East ó----------------- 2 2–––––––––––––

250 employees or more 2 ----------------- 2–––––––––––––

Aleutians West ó ---------------- 15 11 – – – – – – 1 – – – – – – 

1 to 19 employees 3 ---------------------- 2––––––1––––––20 to 99 employees 6 --------------------- 3–––––––––––––100 to 249 employees 3 ------------------- 3–––––––––––––250 employees or more 3 ----------------- 3–––––––––––––

Anchorage 177 ---------------------- 19 – 1 4 8 3 1 65 4 2 7 1 8 – 1

1 to 19 employees 153 ---------------------- 13 – 1 4 7 3 1 56 4 1 7 1 6 – 120 to 99 employees 20 --------------------- 5––––––7–1––2–100 to 249 employees 3 ------------------- 1–––1––1––––––250 employees or more 1 ----------------- –––––––1––––––

Bethel 4 --------------------------- 1–––2––1––––––

1 to 19 employees 3 ---------------------- ––––2––1––––––

20 to 99 employees 1 --------------------- 1–––––––––––––

Bristol Bay 4 ---------------------- 4–––––––––––––

20 to 99 employees 2 --------------------- 2–––––––––––––100 to 249 employees 2 ------------------- 2–––––––––––––

Denali ó------------------------- 2 ––––1–––––1–––

1 to 19 employees 2 ---------------------- ––––1–––––1–––

Dillingham 11 ----------------------- 6––––––2––––1–

1 to 19 employees 8 ---------------------- 3––––––2––––1–20 to 99 employees 1 --------------------- 1–––––––––––––100 to 249 employees 2 ------------------- 2–––––––––––––

Fairbanks North Star 48 ------------- 2 – – 4 5 – – 10 – 3 3 – 5 – 

1 to 19 employees 41 ---------------------- 2––35––9––3–4–20 to 99 employees 6 --------------------- –––1–––––3––1–

100 to 249 employees 1 ------------------- –––––––1––––––

Haines 2 -------------------------- –––––––1––––––

1 to 19 employees 2 ---------------------- –––––––1––––––

Juneau 26 -------------------------- 4––16––8–––11–

1 to 19 employees 20 ---------------------- 3––12––7– ––11–

20 to 99 employees 4 --------------------- 1–––2––1––––––

100 to 249 employees 1 ------------------- ––––1–––––––––

250 employees or more 1 ----------------- ––––1–––––––––

Kenai Peninsula 45 ----------------- 20 – 1 – – – – 7 2 1 1 – 3 1 

1 to 19 employees 31 ---------------------- 11 – 1 – – – – 6 – – 1 – 3 1 20 to 99 employees 6 --------------------- 4––––––1––––––100 to 249 employees 8 ------------------- 5–––––––21––––

Ketchikan Gateway 34 -------------- 6 – – – 22 – 1 2 – – – – 2 – 

1 to 19 employees 20 ---------------------- 2 – – – 14 – – 1 – – – – 2 – 20 to 99 employees 11 --------------------- 3–––7––1––––––100 to 249 employees 2 ------------------- 1–––1–––––––––250 employees or more 1 ----------------- ––––––1–––––––

See footnotes at end of table.

MANUFACTURESmGEOGRAPHIC AREA SERIES ALASKAnnAK–11
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Areas: 1992

mCon.

[Major groups descriptions are: 20mfood and kindred products; 21mtobacco products; 22mtextile mill products; 23mapparel and other textile products; 24mlumber and wood products; 

27mprinting and publishing; 28mchemicals and allied products; 29mpetroleum and coal products; 30mrubber and miscellaneous plastics products; 31mleather and leather products; 32msto

34mfabricated metal products; 35mindustrial machinery and equipment; 36melectronic and other electric equipment; 37mtransportation equipment; 38minstruments and related products; 39mm

geographic areas followed by ó, general geographic information, and explanation of terms, see appendixes. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

Geographic area and employee-size class1

Establishments in major groupm

All establishments 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 3

AlaskamCon.

Kodiak Island 24 -------------------- 15 – 1 – – – – 3 – – – – – – 

1 to 19 employees 9 ---------------------- 2–1––––2––––––20 to 99 employees 8 --------------------- 6––––––1––––––100 to 249 employees 5 ------------------- 5–––––––––––––250 employees or more 2 ----------------- 2–––––––––––––

Matanuska-Susitna 20 --------------- 2––16––41–––1–

1 to 19 employees 19 ---------------------- 2––16––31–––1–20 to 99 employees 1 --------------------- –––––––1––––––

Nome 3 --------------------------- –––––––1–––1––

1 to 19 employees 2 ---------------------- –––––––1––––––20 to 99 employees 1 --------------------- –––––––––––1––

North Slope 2 --------------------- –––––––––2––––

1 to 19 employees 2 ---------------------- –––––––––2––––

Northwest Arctic 2 ---------------- –––––––1––––1–

1 to 19 employees 2 ---------------------- –––––––1––––1–

Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchika 21 -- 3 – – – 17 – – 1 – – – – – – 

1 to 19 employees 14 ---------------------- 1 – – – 12 – – 1 – – – – – – 20 to 99 employees 5 --------------------- ––––5–––––––––

100 to 249 employees 2 ------------------- 2–––––––––––––

Sitka 14 ---------------------------- 6–––1–11–1––2–

1 to 19 employees 11 ---------------------- 4–––1––1–1––2–20 to 99 employees 1 --------------------- 1–––––––––––––100 to 249 employees 1 ------------------- 1–––––––––––––250 employees or more 1 ----------------- ––––––1–––––––

Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon 8 -------- 4–––2––1––––––

1 to 19 employees 6 ---------------------- 3–––1––1––––––100 to 249 employees 2 ------------------- 1–––1–––––––––

Southeast Fairbanks 6 ------------- ––––4––1––––1–

1 to 19 employees 6 ---------------------- ––––4––1––––1–

Valdez-Cordova 15 ------------------ 8–––1––3––––1–

1 to 19 employees 9 ---------------------- 3––––––3––––1–20 to 99 employees 3 --------------------- 2–––1–––––––––100 to 249 employees 3 ------------------- 3–––––––––––––

Wade Hampton 1 ------------------ –––––––––––1––

1 to 19 employees 1 ---------------------- –––––––––––1––

Wrangell-Petersburg 21 ------------- 6–––9––1––––1–

1 to 19 employees 11 ---------------------- 1–––5––1––––1–20 to 99 employees 8 --------------------- 4–––3–––––––––100 to 249 employees 2 ------------------- 1–––1–––––––––

Note: Data on number of establishments by employment-size class by four-digit SIC industry the State, boroughs and census areas, places, and ZIP Codes are presented in Location of M

only on CD-ROM (see introductory text).

1Only those boroughs and census areas and size classes that include data for manufacturing establishments are shown. Auxiliaries are included in figures shown.

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Appendix A.

Explanation of Terms

This appendix is in two sections. Section 1 includes items requested of all establishments mailed census of

manufactures forms including annual survey of manufactures (ASM) forms. Note that this section also includes several

items (number of establishments and companies, value added, classes of products, and specialization and coverage ratios)

not included on the report forms but derived from information collected on the forms. Section 2 covers supplementary items

requested only from establishments included in the ASM sample. Results of the supplementary ASM inquiries are included

in table 3c of this report.

SECTION 1. ITEMS COLLECTED OR DERIVED BASED ON ALL CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES

(INCLUDING ASM) REPORT FORMS

Number of establishments and companies. A separate

report was required for each manufacturing establishment

(plant) with one employee or more. An establishment is

defined as a single physical location where manufacturing

is performed. A company, on the other hand, is defined as

a business organization consisting of one establishment or

more under common ownership or control.

If the company operated at different physical locations,

even if the individual locations were producing the same

line of goods, a separate report was requested for each

location. If the company operated in two or more distinct

lines of manufacturing at the same location, a separate

report was requested for each activity.

An establishment not in operation for any portion of the

year was requested to return the report form with the

proper notation in the ‘‘Operational Status’’ section of the

form. In addition, the establishment was requested to

report data on any employees, capital expenditures, inventories, or shipments from inventories during the year.

In this report, data are shown for establishments in

operation at any time during the year. A comparison with

the number of establishments in operation at the end of

the year will be provided in the Introduction of the General

Summary subject report.

Employment and related items. The report forms

requested separate information on production workers for

a specific payroll period within each quarter of the year and

on other employees as of the payroll period which included

the 12th of March.

All employees. This item includes all full-time and

part-time employees on the payrolls of operating manufacturing establishments during any part of the pay period

which included the 12th of the months specified on the

report form. Included are all persons on paid sick leave,

paid holidays, and paid vacations during these pay

periods. Officers of corporations are included as employees; proprietors and partners of unincorporated firms are

excluded. The ‘‘all employees’’ number is the average

number of production workers plus the number of other

employees in mid-March. The number of production workers is the average for the payroll periods including the 12th

of March, May, August, and November.

Production workers. This item includes workers (up

through the line-supervisor level) engaged in fabricating,

processing, assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping (but not delivering),

maintenance, repair, janitorial and guard services, product

development, auxiliary production for plant’s own use (e.g.,

power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closely

associated with these production operations at the establishment covered by the report. Employees above the

working-supervisor level are excluded from this item.

All other employees. This item covers nonproduction

employees of the manufacturing establishment including

those engaged in factory supervision above the linesupervisor level. It includes sales (including driver salespersons), sales delivery (highway truckdrivers and their

helpers), advertising, credit, collection, installation and

servicing of own products, clerical and routine office

function, executive, purchasing, financing, legal, personnel

(including cafeteria, medical, etc.), professional, and technical employees. Also included are employees on the

payroll of the manufacturing establishment engaged in the

construction of major additions or alterations to the plant

and utilized as a separate work force.

In addition to reports sent to operating manufacturing

establishments, information on employment during the

payroll period which included March 12 and annual payrolls also was requested of auxiliary units (e.g., administrative offices, warehouses, and research and development

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laboratories) of multiestablishment companies. However,

these figures are not included in the totals for individual

industries shown in this report. They are included in the

General Summary and geographic area reports as a

separate category.

Payroll. This item includes the gross earnings of all

employees on the payrolls of operating manufacturing

establishments paid in the calendar year 1992. Respondents were told they could follow the definition of payrolls

used for calculating the Federal withholding tax. It includes

all forms of compensation, such as salaries, wages, commissions, dismissal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave

pay, and compensation in kind, prior to such deductions as

employees’ Social Security contributions, withholding taxes,

group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds. The total

includes salaries of officers of corporations; it excludes

payments to proprietors or partners of unincorporated

concerns. Also excluded are payments to members of

Armed Forces and pensioners carried on the active payrolls of manufacturing establishments.

The census definition of payrolls is identical to that

recommended to all Federal statistical agencies by the

Office of Management and Budget. It should be noted that

this definition does not include employers’ Social Security

contributions or other nonpayroll labor costs, such as

employees’ pension plans, group insurance premiums, and

workers’ compensation.

The ASM provides estimates of employers’ supplemental labor costs, both those required by Federal and State

laws and those incurred voluntarily or as part of collective

bargaining agreements. (Supplemental labor costs are

explained later in this appendix.)

As in the case of employment figures, the payrolls of

separate auxiliary units of multiestablishment companies

are not included in the totals for individual industries or

industry groups, but are included in the data for the

geographic area (State, MA, county, place) as a whole.

Production-worker hours. This item covers hours worked

or paid for at the plant, including actual overtime hours (not

straight-time equivalent hours). It excludes hours paid for

vacations, holidays, or sick leave.

Cost of materials. This term refers to direct charges

actually paid or payable for items consumed or put into

production during the year, including freight charges and

other direct charges incurred by the establishment in

acquiring these materials. It includes the cost of materials

or fuel consumed, whether purchased by the individual

establishment from other companies, transferred to it from

other establishments of the same company, or withdrawn

from inventory during the year.

The important components of this cost item are (1) all

raw materials, semifinished goods, parts, containers, scrap,

and supplies put into production or used as operating

supplies and for repair and maintenance during the year,

(2) electric energy purchased, (3) fuels consumed for heat,

power, or the generation of electricity, (4) work done by

others on materials or parts furnished by manufacturing

establishments (contract work), and (5) products bought

and resold in the same condition. (See discussion of

duplication of data below.)

Value of shipments. This item covers the received or

receivable net selling values, f.o.b. plant (exclusive of

freight and taxes), of all products shipped, both primary

and secondary, as well as all miscellaneous receipts, such

as receipts for contract work performed for others, installation and repair, sales of scrap, and sales of products

bought and resold without further processing. Included are

all items made by or for the establishments from materials

owned by it, whether sold, transferred to other plants of the

same company, or shipped on consignment. The net

selling value of products made in one plant on a contract

basis from materials owned by another was reported by

the plant providing the materials.

In the case of multiunit companies, the manufacturer

was requested to report the value of products transferred

to other establishments of the same company at full

economic or commercial value, including not only the

direct cost of production but also a reasonable proportion

of ‘‘all other costs’’ (including company overhead) and

profit. (See discussion of duplication of data below.)

Duplication in cost of materials and value of shipments. The aggregate of the cost of materials and value

of shipments figures for industry groups and for all manufacturing industries includes large amounts of duplication

since the products of some industries are used as materials by others. This duplication results, in part, from the

addition of related industries representing successive stages

in the production of a finished manufactured product.

Examples are the addition of flour mills to bakeries in the

food group and the addition of pulp mills to paper mills in

the paper and allied products group of industries. Estimates of the overall extent of this duplication indicate that

the value of manufactured products exclusive of such

duplication (the value of finished manufactures) tends to

approximate two-thirds of the total value of products

reported in the annual survey.

Duplication of products within individual industries is

significant within a number of industry groups, e.g., machinery and transportation industries. These industries frequently include complete machinery and their parts. In this

case, the parts made for original equipment are materials

consumed for assembly plants in the same industry.

Even when no significant amount of duplication is

involved, value of shipments figures are deficient as measures of the relative economic importance of individual

manufacturing industries or geographic areas because of

the wide variation in ratio of materials, labor, and other

processing costs of value of shipments, both among

industries and within the same industry.

Before 1962, cost of materials and value of shipments

were not published for some industries which included

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considerable duplication. Since then, these data have

been published for all industries at the U.S. level and

beginning in 1964, for all geographic levels.

Value added by manufacture. This measure of manufacturing activity is derived by subtracting the cost of

materials, supplies, containers, fuel, purchased electricity,

and contract work from the value of shipments (products

manufactured plus receipts for services rendered). The

result of this calculation is adjusted by the addition of value

added by merchandising operations (i.e., the difference

between the sales value and the cost of merchandise sold

without further manufacture, processing, or assembly) plus

the net change in finished goods and work-in-process

between the beginning- and end-of-year inventories.

For those industries where value of production is collected instead of value of shipments (see footnote in table

1a), value added is adjusted only for the change in

work-in-process inventories between the beginning and

end of year. For those industries where value of work done

is collected, the value added does not include an adjustment for the change in finished goods or work-in-process

inventories.

‘‘Value added’’ avoids the duplication in the figure for

value of shipments that results from the use of products of

some establishments as materials by others. Value added

is considered to be the best value measure available for

comparing the relative economic importance of manufacturing among industries and geographic areas.

New and used capital expenditures. For establishments in operation and any known plants under construction, manufacturers were asked to report their new expenditures for (1) permanent additions and major alterations to

manufacturing establishments, and (2) machinery and

equipment used for replacement and additions to plant

capacity if they were of the type for which depreciation

accounts were ordinarily maintained.

The totals for new expenditures include expenditures

leased from nonmanufacturing concerns through capital

leases. New facilities owned by the Federal Government

but operated under contract by private companies, and

plant and equipment furnished to the manufacturer by

communities and nonprofit organizations are excluded.

Also excluded are expenditures for used plant and equipment (although reported in the census), expenditures for

land, and cost of maintenance and repairs charged as

current operating expenses.

Manufacturers also were requested to report the value

of all used buildings and equipment purchased during the

year at the purchase price. For any equipment or structure

transferred for the use of the reporting establishment by

the parent company or one of its subsidiaries, the value at

which it was transferred to the establishment was to be

reported. Furthermore, if the establishment changed ownership during the year, the cost of the fixed assets (building

and equipment) was to be reported under used capital

expenditures.

Total expenditures for used plant and equipment is a

universe figure; it is collected on all census forms. However, the breakdown of this figure between expenditures

for used buildings and other structures and expenditures

for used machinery and equipment is collected only on the

ASM form. The data for total new capital expenditures,

new building expenditures, and new machinery expenditures, as well as the data for total used expenditures, are

shown in table 3b.

End-of-year inventories. Respondents were asked to

report their 1991 and 1992 end-of-year inventories at cost

or market. Effective with the 1982 Economic Census, this

change to a uniform instruction for reporting inventories

was introduced for all sector reports. Prior to 1982, respondents were permitted to value inventories using any generally accepted accounting method (FIFO, LIFO, market,

to name a few). In 1982, LIFO users were asked to first

report inventory values prior to the LIFO adjustment and

then to report the LIFO reserve and the LIFO value after

adjustment for the reserve.

Because of this change in reporting instructions, the

1982 through 1992 data for inventories and value added by

manufacture included in the tables of this report are not

comparable to the prior-year data shown in table 1a of this

report and in historical census of manufactures and annual

survey of manufactures publications.

In using inventory data by stage of fabrication for ‘‘all

industries’’ and at the two-digit industry level, it should be

noted that an item treated as a finished product by an

establishment in one industry may be reported as a raw

material by another establishment in a different industry.

For example, the finished-product inventories of a steel

mill would be reported as raw materials by a stamping

plant. Such differences are present in the inventory figures

by stage of fabrication shown for individual industries,

industry groups, and ‘‘all manufacturing’’, which are aggregates of figures reported by establishments in specified

industries.

SECTION 2. ITEMS COLLECTED ONLY ON ASM REPORT FORMS

The following items were collected only from establishments included in the ASM sample:

Supplemental labor costs. Supplemental labor costs

are divided into legally required expenditures and payments for voluntary programs. The legally required portion

consists primarily of Federal old age and survivors’ insurance, unemployment compensation, and workers’ compensation. Payments for voluntary programs include all programs not specifically required by legislation whether they

were employer initiated or the result of collective bargaining. They include the employer portion of such plans as

insurance premiums, premiums for supplemental accident

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and sickness insurance, pension plans, supplemental unemployment compensation, welfare plans, stock purchase

plans on which the employer payment is not subject to

withholding tax, and deferred profit-sharing plans. They

exclude such items as company-operated cafeterias, in-plant

medical services, free parking lots, discounts on employee

purchases, and uniforms and work clothing for employees.

While the excluded items do benefit employees and all or

part of their cost generally is similar to the items covered in

the ASM labor costs statistics, accounting records generally do not provide reliable figures on net employee

benefits of these types.

Retirements of depreciable assets. Included in this

item is the gross value of assets sold, retired, scrapped,

destroyed, etc., during 1992. When a complete operation

or establishment changed ownership, the respondent was

instructed to report the value of the assets sold at the

original cost as recorded in the books of the seller. The

respondent also was requested to report retirements of

equipment or structures owned by a parent company that

the establishment was using as if it were a tenant.

Depreciation charges for fixed assets. This item includes

depreciation and amortization charged during the year

against assets. Depreciation charged against fixed assets

acquired since the beginning of the year and against

assets sold or retired during the year are components of

this category. Respondents were requested to make certain that they did not report accumulated depreciation.

Rental payments. Total rental payments is collected on

all census forms. However, the breakdown between rental

payments for buildings and other structures and rental

payments for machinery and equipment is collected only

on the ASM forms. This item includes rental payments for

the use of all items for which depreciation reserves would

be maintained if they were owned by the establishment,

e.g., structures and buildings, and production, office, and

transportation equipment. Excluded are royalties and other

payments for the use of intangibles and depletable assets,

and land rents where separable.

When an establishment of a multiestablishment company was charged rent by another part of the same

company for the use of assets owned by the company, it

was instructed to exclude that cost from rental payments.

However, the book value (original cost) of these companyowned assets was to be reported as assets of the establishment at the end of the year.

If there were assets at an establishment rented from

another company and the rents were paid centrally by the

head office of the establishment, the company was instructed

to report these rental payments as if they were paid directly

by the establishment.

Depreciable assets. Total value of gross depreciable

assets is collected on all census forms. However, the

detail for depreciable assets is collected only on the ASM

forms. The data encompass all fixed depreciable assets on

the books of establishments at the beginning and end of

the year. The values shown (book value) represent the

actual cost of assets at the time they were acquired,

including all costs incurred in making the assets usable

(such as transportation and installation). Included are all

buildings, structures, machinery, and equipment (production, office, and transportation equipment) for which depreciation reserves are maintained. Excluded are nondepreciable capital assets, including inventories and intangible

assets, such as timber and mineral rights.

The definition of fixed depreciable assets is consistent

with the definition of capital expenditures. For example,

expenditures include actual capital outlays during the year,

rather than the final value of equipment put in place and

buildings completed during the year. Accordingly, the value

of assets at the end of the year includes the value of

construction in progress. In addition, respondents were

requested to make certain that assets at the beginning of

the year plus new and used capital expenditures, less

retirements, equalled assets at the end of the year.

New and used capital expenditures. The data for total

new capital expenditures, new building expenditures, new

machinery expenditures, and total used capital expenditures are collected on all census forms. However, the

breakdown between expenditures for used buildings and

other structures and expenditures for used machinery and

equipment is collected only on the ASM form. (See further

explanation on capital expenditures in section 1.)

Quantity of electric energy consumed for heat and

power. Data on the cost of purchased electric energy

are collected on all census forms. However, data on the

quantity of purchased electric energy are collected only on

the ASM forms. In addition, information is collected on the

quantity of electric energy generated by the establishment

and the quantity of electric energy sold or transferred to

other plants of the same company.

Breakdown of new capital expenditures for machinery

and equipment. ASM establishments were requested to

separate their capital expenditures for new machinery and

equipment into (1) automobiles, trucks, etc., for highway

use, (2) computers and peripheral data processing equipment, and (3) all other.

The category ‘‘automobiles, trucks, etc., for highway

use’’ is intended to measure expenditures for vehicles

designed for highway use that were acquired through a

purchase or lease-purchase agreement. Vehicles normally

operating off public highways (vehicles specifically designed

to transport materials, property, or equipment on mining,

construction, logging, and petroleum development projects)

are excluded from this item.

Foreign content of cost of materials. Establishments

included in the ASM sample panel were requested to

provide information on foreign-made materials purchased

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or transferred from foreign sources. This includes materials acquired from a central warehouse or other domestic

establishment of the same company but made in an

operation outside of the 50 States, District of Columbia,

Puerto Rico, or U.S. territories.

Cost of purchased services. ASM establishments were

requested to provide information on the cost of purchased

services for the repair of buildings and other structures, the

repair of machinery, communication services, legal services, accounting and bookkeeping services, advertising,

software and other data processing services, and refuse

removal. Each of these items reflect the costs paid directly

by the establishment, and exclude salaries paid to employees of the establishment for these services.

Included in the cost of purchased services for the repair

of buildings and machinery are payments made for all

maintenance and repair work on buildings and equipment,

such as painting, roof repairs, replacing parts, and overhauling equipment. Such payments made to other establishments of the same company and for repair and maintenance of any leased property also are included. Extensive

repairs or reconstruction that were capitalized are considered capital expenditures for used buildings and machinery

and are, therefore, excluded from this item. Repair and

maintenance costs provided by an owner as part of a

rental contract or incurred directly by an establishment in

using its own work force also are excluded.

Included in the cost of purchased advertising services

are payments for printing, media coverage, and other

advertising services and materials.

Included in the cost of purchased software and other

data processing services are all purchases by the establishment from other companies. Excluded are services

provided by other establishments of the same company

(such as by a separate data processing unit).

Included in the cost of purchased refuse removal services are all costs of refuse removal services paid by the

establishment, including costs for hazardous waste removal

or treatment. Excluded are all costs included in rental

payments or as capital expenditures.

Three basic approaches were utilized to produce these

statistics.

1. For items 1 through 6, data were estimated (imputed)

for all non-ASM establishments using the available

data in the establishment record and industry-based

parameters. The statistics were then generated by

simply tabulating all census records including the

imputed value for non-ASM establishments and the

unweighted value for ASM establishments. Separate

imputation rates were developed and are shown in the

table. For quantity of purchased electricity for heat and

power (item 7), a similar procedure was used; however, the imputation parameters were geographicallybased instead of industry-based. For quantities of

generated less sold electricity, no imputation was

performed for non-ASM establishments. The estimates

for these items are simply tabulations of unweighted

ASM values.

Since the published statistics for these items were

developed from the complete census universe and not

just the ASM establishments, there are no sampling

variances associated with these statistics. However,

there is an unknown level of bias for each of the items

due to the imputation of the non-ASM establishments.

This bias is felt to be small due to the strong correlation between the items being imputed and the collected items that were used to generate the impute

values.

2. For items 8 and 9, the estimates were developed using

a ratio estimation methodology. For item 8, an estimate of the breakout of new capital expenditures for

machinery and equipment into the three categories

was made from ASM establishments reporting these

categories. The estimated proportions were then applied

to the corresponding census value for new capital

expenditures for machinery and equipment to produce

the estimates.

The estimates for item 9, foreign content of cost of

materials, were developed in a similar manner based

on costs of parts, supplies, and components (item 5a)

as the control total for the three categories.

For items 8 and 9, an adjustment ratio of the

following form was computed:

Rj = NMc

TMEasm

where:

NMc = the census value of new capital

expenditures for machinery and

equipment

TMEasm = the weighted ASM value of new

capital expenditures for machinery

and equipment from reporters of

the detailed breakout data

3. For item 10, cost of purchased services, the estimates

were made by simply tabulating weighted data for all

the ASM records that reported the item. A response

coverage ratio (a measure of the extent to which

respondents reported for each item) is shown in table

3c for the types of services. It is derived for each item

by calculating the ratio of the weighted employment

(establishment data multiplied by sample weight, see

appendix B) for those ASM establishments that reported

the specific inquiry to the weighted total employment

for all ASM establishments classified in the industry.

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Appendix B.

Annual Survey of Manufactures Sampling and Estimating

Methodologies

DESCRIPTION OF SURVEY SAMPLE

The annual survey of manufactures (ASM) contains two

components. The mail portion of the survey is a probability

sample of about 64,000 manufacturing establishments

selected from a total of about 216,000 establishments.

These 216,000 establishments represent all manufacturing establishments of multiunit companies and all singleestablishment companies mailed schedules in the 1987

Census of Manufactures. This mail portion is supplemented annually by a Social Security Administration list of

new manufacturing establishments opened after 1987 and

a list of new multiunit manufacturing establishments identified from the Census Bureau’s Company Organization

Survey.

For the current panel, all establishments of companies

with 1987 shipments in manufacturing in excess of $500

million were included in the survey panel with certainty.

There are approximately 500 such companies collectively

accounting for approximately 18,000 establishments. For

the remaining portion of the mail survey, the establishment

was defined as the sampling unit. For this portion, all

establishments with 250 employees or more and establishments with a very large value of shipments also were

included in the survey panel with certainty. A total of

12,100 establishments were selected from this portion of

the universe with certainty. Therefore, of the 64,000 manufacturing establishments included in the ASM panel, approximately 31,000 are selected with certainty. These certainty

establishments collectively account for approximately 80

percent of the total value of shipments in the 1987 census.

Smaller establishments in the remaining portion of the

mail survey were sampled with probabilities ranging from

0.999 to 0.005 in accordance with mathematical theory for

optimum allocation of a sample. The probabilities of selection assigned to the smaller establishments were proportional to measures of size determined for each establishment. The measures of size depend directly upon each

establishment’s 1987 product class values and the historic

variability of the year-to-year shipments of each product

class. Product classes displaying more volatile year-toyear change in shipments at the establishment level were

sampled at a heavier rate.

This method of assigning measures of size was used in

order to maximize the precision (that is, minimize the

variance of estimates of the year-to-year change) in the

value of product class shipments. Implicitly, it also gave

weight differences in employment, value added, and other

general statistics, since these are highly correlated with

value of shipments. Individual sample selection probabilities were obtained by multiplying each establishment’s

final measure of size by an overall sampling fraction

coefficient calculated to yield a total expected sample size.

The sample selection procedure gave each establishment in the sampling frame an independent chance of

selection. This method of independent selection permits

the rotation of small establishments out of a given sample

panel without introducing a bias into the survey estimates.

The nonmail portion of the survey includes all singleestablishment companies that were tabulated as administrative records in the 1987 Census of Manufactures.

Although this portion contained approximately 134,000

establishments, it accounted for less than 2 percent of the

estimate for total value of shipments at the total manufacturing level. This portion was not sampled; rather, the data

for every establishment in this group were estimated based

on selected information obtained annually from the administrative records of the Internal Revenue Service and the

Social Security Administration. This administrative-records

information, which includes payroll, total employment, industry classification, and physical location of the establishment, was obtained under conditions which safeguard the

confidentiality of both tax and census records. Estimates

of data other than payroll and employment for these small

establishments were developed from industry averages.

The corresponding estimates for the mail and nonmail

establishments were added together, along with the baseyear differences, as defined in the Description of Estimating Procedure section, to produce the figures shown in this

publication.

DESCRIPTION OF ESTIMATING PROCEDURES

Most of the ASM estimates for the years 1988-1991

were computed using a difference estimation procedure.

For each item, a base-year difference was developed. This

base-year difference is equal to the difference between the

1987 census published number for an item total and the

linear ASM estimate of the total for 1987. The ASM linear

estimate was obtained by multiplying each sample establishment’s data by its sample weight (the reciprocal of its

probability of selection) and summing the weighted values.

These base-year differences were then added to the

corresponding current-year linear estimates, which include

the sum of the estimates for the mail and nonmail

establishments, to produce the estimates for the years

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1983-1991. Estimates developed by this procedure usually

are far more reliable than comparable linear estimates

developed from the current sample data alone.

However, the 1992 sample estimates for the purchased

service items, shown in table 3c, are strictly ASM linear

estimates developed only from ASM establishments that

reported the specific item.

The remaining estimates in table 3c, showing the breakdown of expenditures for new machinery and equipment

and costs of parts (separated into purchases from foreign

sources and purchases from domestic sources), were

computed as ratio estimates. To do this, linear estimates of

the new machinery detail items were developed from the

ASM establishments and were ratio adjusted to the corresponding census total for new machinery. In a similar

fashion, the ASM linear estimates of the detailed purchased materials items were ratio adjusted to the corresponding census total for cost of parts.

QUALIFICATIONS OF THE DATA

The estimates developed from the sample are apt to

differ somewhat from the results of a survey covering all

companies in the sampled lists but otherwise conducted

under essentially the same conditions as the actual sample

survey. The estimates of the magnitude of the sampling

errors (the differences between the estimates obtained

and the results theoretically obtained from a comparable,

complete-coverage survey) are provided by the standard

errors of the estimates.

The particular sample selected for the ASM is one of a

large number of similar probability samples that, by chance,

might have been selected under the same specifications.

Each of the possible samples would yield somewhat

different sets of results, and the standard errors are

measures of the variation of all the possible sample

estimates around the theoretical, comparable, completecoverage values.

Estimates of the standard errors have been computed

from the sample data for selected statistics in this report.

They are presented in the form of relative standard errors

(the standard errors divided by the estimated values to

which they refer).

In conjunction with its associated estimate, the relative

standard error may be used to define confidence intervals

(ranges that would include the comparable, completecoverage value for specified percentages of all the possible samples).

The complete-coverage value would be included in the

range:

1. From one standard error below to one standard error

above the derived estimate for about two-thirds of all

possible samples.

2. From two standard errors below to two standard errors

above the derived estimate for about 19 of 20 of all

possible samples.

3. From three standard errors below to three standard

errors above the derived estimate for nearly all samples.

An inference that the comparable, complete-survey

result would be within the indicated ranges would be

correct in approximately the relative frequencies shown.

Those proportions, therefore, may be interpreted as defining the confidence that the estimates from a particular

sample would differ from complete-coverage results by as

much as one, two, or three standard errors, respectively.

For example, suppose an estimated total is shown

as 50,000 with an associated relative standard error of 2

percent, that is, a standard error of 1,000 (2 percent of

50,000). There is approximately 67 percent confidence

that the interval 49,000 to 51,000 includes the completecoverage total, about 95 percent confidence that the

interval 48,000 to 52,000 includes the complete-coverage

total and almost certain confidence that the interval 47,000

to 53,000 includes the complete-coverage total.

In addition to the sample errors, the estimates are

subject to various response and operational errors: errors

of collection, reporting, coding, transcription, imputation for

nonresponse, etc. These operational errors also would

occur if a complete canvass were to be conducted under

the same conditions as the survey. Explicit measures of

their effects generally are not available. However, it is

believed that most of the important operational errors were

detected and corrected in the course of the Census

Bureau’s review of the data for reasonableness and consistency. The small operational errors usually remain. To

some extent, they are compensating in the aggregated

totals shown. When important operational errors were

detected too late to correct the estimates, the data were

suppressed or were specifically qualified in the tables.

As derived, the estimated standard errors included part

of the effect of the operational errors. The total errors,

which depend upon the joint effect of the sampling and

operational errors, are usually of the order of size indicated

by the standard error, or only moderately higher. However,

for particular estimates, the total error may considerably

exceed the standard errors shown.

The concept of complete coverage under the conditions

prevailing for the ASM is not identical to the complete

coverage of the census of manufactures, as the censuses

have been conducted. Nearly all types of operational

errors that affect the ASM also occur in the censuses. The

ASM and the censuses, are conducted under quite different conditions, and operational errors can be better controlled in the ASM than in the censuses. As a result, for

many of the census figures, the errors are of the same

order of size as the total errors of the corresponding

annual survey estimates. The differences between the

census and ASM operating conditions also disturb, to

some degree, the comparability of the ASM and census

data.

Any figures shown in the tables in this publication having

an associated standard error exceeding 15 percent may be

of limited reliability. However, the figure may be combined

with higher-level totals, creating a broader aggregate,

which then may be of acceptable reliability.

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Appendix C.

Metropolitan Areas

(Titles and definitions shown for MSA’s, CMSA’s, and PMSA’s are those established by the Office of

Management and Budget, as of June 30, 1993)

ALASKA

Anchorage, AK MSA

Anchorage Borough, AK

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Appendix D.

Geographic Notes

ALASKA

Aleutians East Borough was established from part of the

Aleutian Islands Census Area, which no longer exists; this

change took place in October 1987.

Aleutians West Census Area was established from part

of the Aleutian Islands Census Area, which no longer

exists; this change took place in January 1990.

Denali Borough was established from parts of the YukonKoyukuk Census Area and Southeast Fairbanks Census

Area, both of which continue to exist; this change took

place in December 1990.

Lake and Peninsula Borough was established from part

of the Dillingham Census Area, which continues to exist;

this change took place in April 1989.

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1992 CENSUS OF MANUFACTURES

Publications of the 1992 Census of Manufactures, containing

preliminary and final data on manufacturing establishments in the

United States, are described below. Publications order forms for

the specific reports may be obtained from any Department of

Commerce district office or from Data User Services Division,

Customer Services, Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC

20233-8300.

Preliminary Reports

Industry series—83 reports (MC92-I-20A(P) to -39D(P))

Preliminary industry data are issued in 83 separate reports

covering 459 industries. Preliminary summary data for the United

States and States are released in one report.

Final Reports

Industry series—83 reports (MC92-I-20A to -39D)

Each of the 83 reports provides information for a group of

related industries (‘‘dairy products’’ includes industries for butter,

cheese, milk, etc.). Final figures for the United States are shown

for each of the 459 manufacturing industries on quantity and

value of products shipped and materials consumed, cost of fuels

and electric energy, capital expenditures, assets, rents, inventories, employment, payroll, payroll supplements, hours worked,

value added by manufacture, number of establishments, and

number of companies. Comparative statistics for earlier years are

provided where available.

For each industry, data on value of shipments, value added by

manufacture, capital expenditures, employment, and payroll are

shown by employment-size class of establishment, State, and

degree of primary product specialization.

Geographic area series—51 reports (MC92-A-1 to -51)

A separate report is being published for each State and the

District of Columbia. Each report presents data for industry

groups and industries on value of shipments, cost of materials,

value added by manufacture, employment, payroll, hours worked,

new capital expenditures, and number of manufacturing establishments for the State, MA’s, counties, and selected places.

Comparative statistics for earlier census years are shown for the

State and large MA’s. Manufacturing totals are presented for

each county and for places with significant manufacturing activity.

Detailed statistics (including inventories, assets, rents, and energy

costs) are presented only in statewide totals.

Subject series—3 reports (MC92-S-1 to -3)

Each of the three reports contains detailed statistics for an

individual subject, such as concentration ratios in manufacturing,

manufacturers’ shipments to the Federal Government, and a

general national-level summary.

Reference series—1 report (MC92-R-1)

The Numerical List of Manufactured and Mineral Products

includes a description of the principal products and services

published in the 1992 Censuses of Manufactures and Mineral

Industries.

Location of Manufacturing Plants—1 report

(MC92-LM)

This report includes data for number of establishments by

four-digit SIC industry and by employment-size class for counties,

incorporated places of 2,500 inhabitants or more, and Zip Codes

for each State. This report is available only on compact disc-read

only memory (CD-ROM).

Analytical Reports—2 reports (AR92-1 and -2)

Exports From Manufacturing Establishments (AR92-1)

This report presents data on exports by two- and three-digit

SIC industry groups for the United States and States. Information

is presented on value of direct report shipments and estimates of

the employment required to manufacture these products. Included

are estimates of employment in manufacturing and nonmanufacturing establishments that supply parts, materials, and services

for production of manufactured exports.

Selected Characteristics of Manufacturing Establishments That Export (AR92-2)

This report presents data on the number of manufacturing

companies and establishments that export by major group, State,

employment size, and ratios of exports to shipments.

Electronic Media

All data included in the printed reports are available on

CD-ROM. The CD-ROM’s provide the same information found

in the reports as well as additional information not published in

the final reports, such as location of manufacturing plants.

Electronic media products are available for users who wish to

summarize, rearrange, or process large amounts of data. These

products, with corresponding technical documentation, are sold

by Data User Services Division, Customer Services, Bureau of

the Census, Washington, DC 20233-8300.

OTHER ECONOMIC CENSUSES REPORTS

Data on retail trade, wholesale trade, financial, insurance, real

estate, service industries, construction industries, mineral

industries, transportation, communications, utilities, enterprise

statistics, minority-owned businesses, and women-owned

businesses also are available from the 1992 Economic Census.

A separate series of reports covers the census of outlying

areas—Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands of the United States, Guam,

and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. Separate announcements describing these reports are available free

of charge from Data User Services Division, Customer Services,

Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC 20233-8300.

Publication Program