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TEXT

Table 1. Fatal occupational injuries by event or

Table 1. Fatal occupational injuries by event or

Table 1. Fatal occupational injuries by event or

Table 2. Fatal occupational injuries by occupation and

Table 2. Fatal occupational injuries by occupation and

Table 2. Fatal occupational injuries by occupation and

Table 2. Fatal occupational injuries by occupation and

Table 2. Fatal occupational injuries by occupation and

Table 2. Fatal occupational injuries by occupation and

Table 3. Fatal occupational injuries and employment by

Table 3. Fatal occupational injuries and employment by

Table 4. Fatal occupational injuries and employment by

Table 4. Fatal occupational injuries and employment by

Technical information: USDL - 95 - 288

G. Toscano (202) 606-6175

Media contact: FOR RELEASE: 10 a.m. EDT

K. Hoyle (202) 606-5902 Thursday, August 3,1995

 NATIONAL CENSUS OF FATAL OCCUPATIONAL INJURIES, 1994

 A total of 6,588 fatal work injuries were reported in

1994, 4 percent more than the previous year's total,

according to the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries,

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. The

higher fatality count in 1994 largely reflects an increase

over 1993 in the number of workers killed in transportation

incidents, primarily highway and commercial airline

crashes. Catastrophes that result in multiple worker

deaths, such as fires, explosions, and aircraft crashes,

can cause year-to-year fluctuations in fatality totals.

 The BLS census uses multiple data sources to identify,

verify, and profile fatal work injuries. Key information

about each workplace fatality (occupation and other worker

characteristics, equipment being used, and circumstances of

the event) is obtained by cross-referencing source

documents, such as death certificates, workers'

compensation records, and reports to federal and state

agencies. This method assures counts are as complete and

accurate as possible.

Profiles from the 1994 fatality census:

 Highway traffic incidents and homicides led all other

events that resulted in fatal work injuries in 1994. These

two events totaled over a third of the work injury deaths

that occurred during the year. (See table 1.)

 Highway deaths accounted for 20 percent of the 6,588

fatal work injuries in 1994. Slightly over half of highway
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fatality victims were driving or riding in a truck, half of

which collided with another vehicle and a quarter

jackknifed or overturned. Transport-related incidents

occurring on private property (such as tractors or

forklifts overturning), aircraft crashes, and workers

being struck by vehicles each accounted for about 6 percent

of the worker fatalities. Rail and water transport

together accounted for another 3 percent of the deaths.

 Homicide was the second leading cause of job-related

deaths, accounting for 16 percent of the total. Robbery

was the primary motive for workplace homicide. About half

the victims worked in retail establishments, such as

grocery stores and eating and drinking establishments,

where cash is readily available. Taxicab drivers, police,

and security guards were other occupations with high

 - 2 -

numbers of worker homicides. Four-fifths of the homicide

victims were shot; others were stabbed, beaten, or

srangled. While highway traffic incidents were the leading

manner of death for male workers, homicide was the leading

cause of death for female workers, accounting for 35

percent of their fatal work injuries.

 Falls accounted for 10 percent of the fatal work

injuries. The construction industry, primarily special

trade contractors such as roofing, painting, and structural

steel erection, accounted for almost half of the falls.

One-fifth of the falls were from or through roofs; falls

from scaffolding and from ladders each accounted for about

one-eighth.

 Nine percent of the fatally injured workers were struck

by various objects, a fourth of which were falling trees,

tree limbs, and logs. Other objects that struck workers

included machines and vehicles slipping into gear or

falling onto workers, and various building materials, such

as pipes, beams, metal plates, and lumber.

 Electrocutions accounted for 5 percent of the worker

deaths in 1994. About a third of these fatalities resulted

from the worker or equipment being used coming in contact

with overhead power lines.

Occupation highlights (table 2):

* Occupations with large numbers of worker fatalities

included truck drivers, farm workers, sales supervisors

and proprietors, and construction laborers.

* Specific events or exposures responsible for workers'

deaths varied considerably among occupations. Highway

crashes and jackknifings accounted for about two-thirds of
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the truck drivers' deaths, while almost three-fourths of

the fatalities among sales supervisors and proprietors

resulted from homicide. Half of the farm workers' deaths

occurred in vehicle-related incidents. Falls accounted for

one-fourth of the construction laborers' deaths.

Industry highlights (table 3):

* Major industry groups with the largest number of fatal

work injuries were agricultural crop production, special

trades construction contractors (for example, roofing and

electrical work), and trucking and warehousing.

 - 3 -

* Industry divisions with large numbers of fatalities

relative to their employment include agriculture, forestry,

and fishing; construction; transportation and public

utilities; and mining.

Worker characteristics highlights (table 4):

* Men, the self-employed, and older workers suffer fatal

injuries more often than their employment shares would

suggest. Differences in the industries and occupations of

these worker groups explain in part their high relative

risk of fatal injury on the job.

* The types of events responsible for workers' deaths

varied among worker groups. Highway crashes were most

often cited for wage and salary workers, men, whites, and

workers less than 18 years old and those between 45 and 64.

Highway incidents and homicides each accounted for nearly a

fifth of the deaths among workers 20-44. Homicide was the

leading manner of death for self-employed workers, women,

blacks, Asians and Pacific Islanders, Hispanics, and

workers between 18 and 19 years old. Workers 65 and older

were killed more frequently in nonhighway transportation

incidents, such as tractor rollovers, than in any other

event.

Other highlights:

* On average about 18 fatal work injuries occurred each day

in 1994.

* Eighty-five percent of the fatally injured workers died

the day they were injured; 97 percent died within 30 days.

 Included in tables 3 and 4 are 1994 annual average

employment data collected in the BLS Current Population
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Survey. By comparing the percent distributions of

fatalities and employment, the user can evaluate the

relative risk of a job-related fatality for a given

occupation, industry, or worker characteristic. For

example, the construction industry accounted for about 16

percent of the fatality total, which was about 3 times

greater than its share of total employment of 6 percent.

While employment can be used to evaluate the relative risk

of a fatal work injury, other measures, such as employee

exposure hours, also can be used.

Background of the program:

 The Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, part of the

BLS safety and health statistics program, provides the most

complete count of fatal work injuries available because it

 - 4 -

uses multiple state and federal data sources. This is the

third year that the fatality census has been conducted in

all 50 states and the District of Columbia. The BLS

fatality census is a federal/state cooperative venture in

which costs are shared equally. State-specific data on

workplace fatalities are available from the state agencies

participating with BLS in the census program. A list of

participating agencies and their telephone numbers is

available from BLS by calling 202-606-6175.

 The Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses,

conducted since 1972, profiles worker and case

characteristics of serious, nonfatal, workplace injuries

and illnesses resulting in lost worktime in addition to

presenting frequency counts and incidence rates by

industry. Copies of the 1993 news release are available

from BLS by calling 202-606-6304. Incidence rates for 1994

by industry will be published in December 1995.

Information on 1994 worker and case characteristics will be

published in April 1996.

Table 1. Fatal occupational injuries by event or

 exposure, 1992-1994.

________________________________________________________

 |

 | Fatalities

 |___________________________

 | 1992 |1993(2)| 1994

 Event or exposure(1) |______|_______|____________

 |Number|Number |Number|Per-

 | | | | cent

____________________________|______|_______|______|_____

 Total...............| 6,217| 6,331| 6,588| 100

 | | | |

Transportation incidents....| 2,484| 2,501| 2,740| 42

 Highway...................| 1,158| 1,243| 1,336| 20
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 Collision between | | | |

 vehicles, mobile | | | |

 equipment..............| 578| 657| 650| 10

 Moving in same | | | |

 direction............| 78| 99| 117| 2

 Moving in opposite | | | |

 directions, oncoming.| 201| 244| 229| 3

 Moving in intersection| 107| 123| 143| 2

 Vehicle struck station- | | | |

 ary object or equipment| 192| 190| 255| 4

 |______|_______|______|_____

 (See footnotes at end of table)

Table 1. Fatal occupational injuries by event or

 exposure, 1992-1994.--continued

________________________________________________________

 | Fatalities

 |___________________________

 | 1992 |1993(2)| 1994

 Event or exposure(1) |______|_______|____________

 | | | |

 |Number|Number |Number|Per-

 | | | |cent

____________________________|______|_______|______|____

 Noncollision............| 301| 336| 370| 6

 Jack-knifed or over- | | | |

 turned--no collision.| 213| 237| 272| 4

 Nonhighway (farm, indus- | | | |

 dustrial premises).......| 436| 392| 407| 6

 Overturned..............| 208| 212| 225| 3

 Aircraft..................| 353| 282| 424| 6

 Worker struck by a vehicle| 346| 365| 383| 6

 Water vehicle.............| 109| 120| 92| 1

 Railway...................| 66| 86| 81| 1

Assaults and violent acts...| 1,281| 1,329| 1,308| 20

 Homicides.................| 1,044| 1,074| 1,071| 16

 Shooting................| 852| 884| 925| 14

 Stabbing................| 90| 95| 60| 1

 Self-inflicted injury.....| 205| 222| 210| 3

Contact with objects and | | | |

 equipment..................| 1,004| 1,045| 1,015| 15

 Struck by object..........| 557| 566| 589| 9

 Struck by falling object| 361| 346| 371| 6

 Struck by flying object.| 77| 82| 67| 1

 Caught in or compressed | | | |

 by equipment or objects..| 316| 309| 280| 4

 Caught in running | | | |

 equipment or machinery.| 159| 151| 147| 2

 Caught in or crushed in | | | |

 collapsing materials.....| 110| 138| 132| 2
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Falls.......................| 600| 618| 661| 10

 Fall to lower level.......| 507| 533| 577| 9

 Fall from ladder........| 78| 76| 85| 1

 Fall from roof..........| 108| 120| 129| 2

 Fall from scaffold......| 66| 71| 89| 1

 Fall on same level........| 62| 49| 62| 1

Exposure to harmful sub- | | | |

 stances or environments....| 605| 592| 638| 10

 Contact with electric | | | |

 current..................| 334| 325| 346| 5

 Contact with overhead | | | |

 powerlines.............| 140| 115| 132| 2

 |______|_______|______|______

 (See footnotes at end of table)

Table 1. Fatal occupational injuries by event or

 exposure, 1992-1994.--continued

________________________________________________________

 | Fatalities

 |___________________________

 | 1992 |1993(2)| 1994

 Event or exposure(1) |______|_______|____________

 | | | |

 |Number|Number |Number|Per-

 | | | |cent

____________________________|______|_______|______|____

 Contact with temperature | | | |

 extremes.................| 33| 38| 50| 1

 Exposure to caustic, nox- | | | |

 ious, or allergenic sub- | | | |

 stances..................| 127| 115| 131| 2

 Inhalation of substances| 83| 68| 84| 1

 Oxygen deficiency.........| 111| 111| 110| 2

 Drowning, submersion....| 78| 89| 90| 1

Fires and explosions........| 167| 204| 202| 3

Other events or exposures(3)| 76| 43| 24| -

________________________________________________________

 (1)Based on the 1992 BLS Occupational Injury and Illness

Classification Structures.

 (2)The BLS news release issued August 10,1994,

reported a total of 6,271 fatal work injuries for calendar year 1993. Since then, an additional 60 job-related

fatalities were identified, bringing the total job-related fatality count for 1993 to 6,331.

 (3)Includes the category "Bodily reaction and exertion."

 NOTE: Totals for major categories may include subcategories not shown separately. Percentages may not

add to totals because of rounding. Dashes indicate less

than 0.5 percent or data that are not available or that

do not meet publication criteria.

 SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of

Labor, in cooperation with state and federal agencies,
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Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, 1994.

Table 2. Fatal occupational injuries by occupation and

 major event or exposure, 1994.

________________________________________________________

 | | Major event or

 |Fatalities | exposure(2)

 | | (percent)

 Occupation(1) |___________|____________________

 |Num- |Per- | |

 | ber | cent|Highway(3)|Homicide

________________________________________________________

 Total...............|6,588| 100| 20 | 16

Managerial and profes- | | | |

 sional specialty......| 768| 12| 21 | 19

 Executive, adminis- | | | |

 trative, and manage-| | | |

 rial...............| 486| 7| 17 | 24

 Professional | | | |

 specialty...........| 282| 4| 29 | 11

Technical, sales, and | | | |

 administrative support| 943| 14| 19 | 45

 Technicians and re- | | | |

 lated support occu- | | | |

 pations.............| 209| 3| 9 | 5

 Airplane pilots and| | | |

 navigators........| 131| 2| - | -

 Sales occupations....| 588| 9| 19 | 63

 Supervisors and | | | |

 proprietors, | | | |

 sales occupations.| 249| 4| 8 | 72

 Sales workers, re- | | | |

 tail and personal | | | |

 services..........| 252| 4| 16 | 72

 Cashiers........| 110| 2| - | 96

 Administrative sup- | | | |

 port occupations, | | | |

 including clerical..| 146| 2| 33 | 28

Service occupations....| 601| 9| 16 | 41

 Protective service | | | |

 occupations.........| 332| 5| 20 | 45

 Firefighting and | | | |

 fire prevention | | | |

 occupations, in- | | | |

 cluding super- | | | |

 visors...........| 56| 1| 7 | 5

 Police and detec- | | | |

 tives including | | | |

 supervisors......| 149| 2| 32 | 47

 Guards, including | | | |

 supervisors......| 127| 2| 10 | 60

 _________________________________

 (See footnotes at end of table)
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Table 2. Fatal occupational injuries by occupation and

 major event or exposure, 1994.--continued

________________________________________________________

 | | Major event or

 |Fatalities | exposure(2)

 | | (percent)

 Occupation(1) |___________|____________________

 |Num- |Per- | |

 | ber | cent|Highway(3)|Homicide

________________________________________________________

Farming, forestry, and | | | |

 fishing...............| 944| 14| 11 | 2

 Farming operators and| | | |

 managers............| 382| 6| 11 | 1

 Other agricultural | | | |

 and related occupa- | | | |

 tions...............| 360| 5| 17 | 3

 Farm workers, in- | | | |

 cluding super- | | | |

 visors............| 261| 4| 18 | 2

 Forestry and logging | | | |

 occupations.........| 137| 2| 4 | -

 Timber cutting and | | | |

 logging occupa- | | | |

 tions.............| 112| 2| 4 | -

 Fishers, hunters, and| | | |

 trappers............| 65| 1| - | -

 Fishers............| 55| 1| - | -

Precision production, | | | |

 craft, and repair.....|1,090| 17| 11 | 4

 Mechanics and re- | | | |

 pairers.............| 294| 4| 11 | 5

 Construction trades..| 614| 9| 10 | 2

 Carpenters and ap- | | | |

 prentices.........| 87| 1| 8 | 5

 Electricians and | | | |

 apprentices.......| 99| 2| 8 | -

 Painters...........| 46| 1| - | -

 Roofers............| 53| 1| 8 | -

 Structural metal | | | |

 workers...........| 48| 1| - | -

Operators, fabricators,| | | |

 and laborers..........|2,055| 31| 32 | 9

 Machine operators, | | | |

 assemblers, and in- | | | |

 spectors............| 256| 4| 4 | 4

 Transportation and | | | |

 material moving oc- | | | |

 cupations...........|1,169| 18| 50 | 10

 _______________________________

 (See footnotes at end of table)
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Table 2. Fatal occupational injuries by occupation and

 major event or exposure, 1994. --continued

________________________________________________________

 | | Major event or

 |Fatalities | exposure(2)

 | | (percent)

 Occupation(1) |___________|____________________

 |Num- |Per- | |

 | ber | cent|Highway(3)|Homicide

________________________________________________________

 Motor vehicle oper-| | | |

 ators.............| 925| 14| 61 | 12

 Truck drivers....| 762| 12| 68 | 2

 Driver-sales | | | |

 workers.......| 29| - | 62 | 28

 Taxicab drivers | | | |

 and chauffeurs| 113| 2| 17 | 76

 Material moving | | | |

 equipment oper- | | | |

 ators...........| 172| 3| 9 | -

 Handlers, equipment | | | |

 cleaners, helpers, | | | |

 and laborers........| 630| 10| 9 | 8

 Construction la- | | | |

 borers............| 247| 4| 6 | -

 Laborers, except | | | |

 construction......| 229| 3| 7 | 6

Military...............| 109| 2| 10 | 4

 _________________________________

 (See foonotes at end of table)

Table 2. Fatal occupational injuries by occupation and

 major event or exposure, 1994.--continued

_____________________________________________

 | Major event or

 | exposure(2)

 | (percent)

 Occupation(1) |____________________

 | |Fall to

 |Struck by| lower

 | object | level

_____________________________________________

 Total................| 9 | 9

Managerial and profes- | |

 sional specialty......| 2 | 6

 Executive, adminis- | |

 trative, and mana- | |

 gerial..............| 2 | 8

 Professional | |

 specialty...........| 4 | 4

Technical, sales, and | |
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 administrative support| 2 | 2

 Technicians and re- | |

 lated support occu- | |

 pations.............| - | 2

 Airplane pilots | |

 and navigators....| - | -

 Sales occupations....| 2 | 2

 Supervisors and | |

 proprietors, | |

 sales occupations.| 3 | 3

 Sales workers, re- | |

 tail and personal | |

 services..........| - | -

 Cashiers........| - | -

 Administrative sup- | |

 port occupations, | |

 including clerical..| 5 | 3

Service occupations....| 2 | 6

 Protective service | |

 occupations.........| 1 | 2

 Firefighting and | |

 fire prevention | |

 occupations, in- | |

 cluding super- | |

 visors............| - | -

 Police and detec- | |

 tives including | |

 supervisors.......| - | -

 Guards, including | |

 supervisors.......| - | 3

 _________________________________

 (See footnotes at end of table)

Table 2. Fatal occupational injuries by occupation and

 major event or exposure, 1994.--continued

____________________________________________

 | Major or event

 | exposure(2)

 | (percent)

 Occupation(1) |____________________

 | |Fall to

 |Struck by| lower

 | object | level

_____________________________________________

Farming, forestry, and | |

 fishing...............| 19 | 6

 Farming operators and| |

 managers............| 13 | 7

 Other agricultural | |

 and related occupa- | |

 tions...............| 9 | 9

 Farm workers, in- | |

 cluding super- | |
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 visors............| 8 | 4

 Forestry and logging | |

 occupations.........| 74 | -

 Timber cutting and | |

 logging occupa- | |

 tions.............| 75 | -

 Fishers, hunters, and| |

 trappers............| - | -

 Fishers............| - | -

Precision production, | |

 craft, and repair.....| 12 | 24

 Mechanics and re- | |

 pairers.............| 21 | 9

 Construction trades..| 6 | 36

 Carpenters and ap- | |

 prentices.........| 12 | 47

 Electricians and | |

 apprentices.......| - | 19

 Painters...........| - | 46

 Roofers............| - | 72

 Structural metal | |

 workers...........| 15 | 63

Operators, fabricators,| |

 and laborers..........| 10 | 7

 Machine operators, | |

 assemblers, and in- | |

 spectors............| 17 | 9

 Transportation and | |

 material moving oc- | |

 cupations...........| 7 | 2

 _________________________________

 (See footnotes at end of table)

Table 2. Fatal occupational injuries by occupation and

 major event or exposure, 1994.--continued

____________________________________________

 | Major event or

 | exposure(2)

 | (percent)

 Occupation(1) |____________________

 | |Fall to

 |Struck by| lower

 | object | level

_____________________________________________

 Motor vehicle oper-| |

 ators.............| 6 | 2

 Truck drivers.....| 6 | 2

 Driver-sales | |

 workers..........| - | -

 Taxicab drivers | |

 and chauffeurs...| - | -

 Material moving | |

 equipment opera- | |
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 tors..............| 16 | 5

 Handlers, equipment | |

 cleaners, helpers, | |

 and laborers........| 13 | 16

 Construction la- | |

 borers............| 11 | 24

 Laborers, except | |

 construction......| 19 | 11

Military...............| 6 | 3

________________________________________________________

 (1)Based on the 1990 Occupational Classification System

developed by the Bureau of the Census.

 (2)The figure shown is the percent of the total fatalities for that occupational group.

 (3)"Highway" includes deaths to vehicle occupants

resulting from traffic incidents that occur on the public

roadway, shoulder, or surrounding area. It excludes

incidents occurring entirely off the roadway, such as in

parking lots and on farms; incidents involving trains; and

deaths to pedestrians or other nonpassengers.

 NOTE: Totals for major categories may include subcategories not shown separately. Percentages may not

add to totals because of rounding. There were 78

fatalities for which there was insufficient information

to determine an occupation classification. Dashes indicate less than 0.5 percent or data that are not available

or that do not meet publication criteria.

 SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of

Labor, in cooperation with state and federal agencies,

Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, 1994.

Table 3. Fatal occupational injuries and employment by

 industry, 1994.

________________________________________________________

 | | |

 Industry | SIC | |Employment(2)

 |code(1)|Fatalities|(in thou-

 | | | sands)

 | |________________________

 | |Num- |Per-| |Per-

 | | ber |cent|Number |cent

________________________________________________________

 Total..............| |6,588| 100|124,469|100

 Private industry......| |5,923| 90|104,754| 84

Agriculture, forestry | | | | |

 and fishing...........| | 847| 13| 3,496| 3

 Agricultural produc- | | | | |

 tion - crops........|01 | 441| 7| 1,008| 1

 Agricultural produc- | | | | |

 tion - livestock...|02 | 172| 3| 1,316| 1

 Agricultural | | | | |
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 services...........|07 | 162| 2| 163| -

Mining.................| | 180| 3| 668| 1

 Coal mining..........|12 | 41| 1| 115| -

 Oil and gas extrac- | | | | |

 tion................|13 | 99| 2| 387| -

Construction...........| |1,027| 16| 6,948| 6

 General building con-| | | | |

 tractors............|15 | 189| 3| - | -

 Heavy construction, | | | | |

 except building.....|16 | 247| 4| - | -

 Special trades con- | | | | |

 tractors............|17 | 591| 9| - | -

Manufacturing..........| | 787| 12| 20,050| 16

 Food and kindred pro-| | | | |

 ducts...............|20 | 78| 1| 1,749| 1

 Lumber and wood pro- | | | | |

 ducts...............|24 | 199| 3| 731| 1

Transportation and pub-| | | | |

 lic utilities.........| | 944| 14| 7,069| 6

 Local and interurban | | | | |

 passenger transpor- | | | | |

 tation.............|41 | 114| 2| 520| -

 Trucking and ware- | | | | |

 housing.............|42 | 502| 8| 2,326| 2

 Transportation by air|45 | 98| 1| 755| 1

 Electric, gas, and | | | | |

 sanitary services...|49 | 88| 1| 1,096| 1

Wholesale trade........| | 269| 4| 4,702| 4

Retail trade...........| | 797| 12| 20,909| 17

 Food stores..........|54 | 235| 4| 3,474| 3

 _________________________________

 (See footnotes at end of table)

Table 3. Fatal occupational injuries and employment by

 industry, 1994.--continued

________________________________________________________

 | | |

 | | |Employment(2)

 | SIC |Fatalities|(in thou-

 Industry |code(1)| | sands)

 | |________________________

 | |Num- |Per-| |Per-

 | | ber |cent|Number |cent

________________________________________________________

 Automotive dealers | | | | |

 and service stations|55 | 120| 2| 2,019| 2

 Eating and drinking | | | | |

 places..............|58 | 181| 3| 6,316| 5

Finance, insurance, and| | | | |

 real estate...........| | 112| 2| 7,900| 6

Services...............| | 844| 13| 33,012| 27

 Business services....|73 | 253| 4| 4,999| 4

 Automotive repair, | | | | |
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 services, and | | | | |

 parking.............|75 | 89| 1| 1,537| 1

 Government(3).........| | 665| 10| 19,715| 16

Federal (including res-| | | | |

 ident armed forces)...| | 209| 3| 4,901| 4

State..................| | 112| 2| 5,163| 4

Local..................| | 333| 5| 9,650| 8

 Police protection....|9221 | 118| 2| - | -

________________________________________________________

 (1)Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1987

Edition.

 (2)The employment is an annual average of employed

civilians 16 years of age and older, plus resident armed

forces, from the BLS Current Population Survey, 1994.

 (3)Includes fatalities to workers employed by governmental organizations regardless of industry.

 NOTE: Totals for major categories may include

subcategories not shown separately. Percentages may not

add to totals because of rounding. There were 124

fatalities for which there was insufficient information

to determine a specific industry classification, though

a distinction between private sector and government was

made for each. Dashes indicate less than 0.5 percent or

data that are not available or that do not meet

publication criteria.

 SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department

of Labor, in cooperation with state and federal agencies,

Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, 1994.

Table 4. Fatal occupational injuries and employment by

 selected worker characteristics, 1994.

________________________________________________________

 | | Employment |

 |Fatalities |[in thou- | Most

 | | sands](1) | frequent

 |___________|____________| event

 Characteristics | |Per-| |Per-|[percent

 |Number|cent|Number |cent| of total]

_________________|______|____|_______|____|_____________

 Total.........|6,588 | 100|124,469| 100|Highway(2)

 | | | | |[20 percent]

 Employee status | | | | |

 | | | | |

Wage and salary | | | | |

 workers.........| 5,336| 81|113,641| 91|Highway [22]

Self-employed(3).| 1,252| 19| 10,828| 9|Homicide [21]

 | | | | |

 Sex and age | | | | |

Men..............| 6,067| 92| 67,690| 54|Highway [20]

Women............| 521| 8| 56,779| 46|Homicide [35]

 | | | | |

 Both sexes: | | | | |

Under 16 years...| 25| - | - | - |Highway [20]
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16 to 17 years...| 42| 1| 2,511| 2| " [26]

18 to 19 years...| 112| 2| 3,749| 3|Homicide [24]

20 to 24 years...| 545| 8| 13,204| 11|Homicide [19]/

 | | | | | Highway [18]

25 to 34 years...| 1,558| 24| 32,829| 26|Highway [19]/

 | | | | | Homicide [18]

35 to 44 years...| 1,608| 24| 33,882| 27|Highway [19]/

 | | | | | Homicide [18]

45 to 54 years...| 1,304| 20| 23,383| 19|Highway [23]

55 to 64 years...| 858| 13| 11,229| 9| " [23]

65 years and over| 517| 8| 3,681| 3|Nonhighway[22]

 | | | | |

 Race | | | | |

White............| 5,420| 82|106,285| 85|Highway [21]

Black............| 702| 11| 13,102| 11|Homicide [30]

Asian or Pacific | | | | |

 Islander........| 181| 3| - | - |Homicide [61]

American Indian, | | | | |

 Aleut, Eskimo...| 40| 1| - | - |Homicide [18]

Other or unspeci-| | | | |

 fied............| 245| 4| - | - |Homicide [24]

 | | | | |

 Hispanic origin | | | | |

Hispanic(4)......| 611| 9| 10,867| 9|Homicide [22]

 |_______________________________________

 (See footnotes at end of table)

Table 4. Fatal occupational injuries and employment by

 selected worker characteristics, 1994.--continued

________________________________________________________

 (1)The employment is an annual average of employed

civilians 16 years of age and older, plus resident armed

forces, from the BLS Current Population Survey, 1994.

 (2)"Highway" includes deaths to vehicle occupants

resulting from traffic incidents that occur on the public roadway, shoulder, or surrounding area. It excludes

incidents occurring entirely off the roadway, such as in

parking lots and on farms; incidents involving trains;

and deaths to pedestrians or other nonpassengers.

 (3)Includes paid and unpaid family workers, and may

include owners of incorporated businesses, or members of

partnerships.

 (4)Persons identified as Hispanic may be of any race.

Hispanic employment does not include resident armed

forces.

 NOTE: Totals may include subcategories not shown

separately. Percentages may not add to totals because

of rounding. Dashes indicate less than 0.5 percent or

data that are not available or that do not meet

publication criteria.

 SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department
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of Labor, in cooperation with state and federal agencies, Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries, 1994.

TECHNICAL NOTES

Definitions:

 For a fatality to be included in the census, the

decedent must have been employed (that is working for pay,

compensation, or profit) at the time of the event, engaged

in a legal work activity, or present at the site of the

incident as a requirement of his or her job. These

criteria are generally broader than those used by federal

and state agencies administering specific laws and

regulations. (Fatalities that occur during a person's

commute to or from work are excluded from the census

counts.)

 Data presented in this release include deaths occurring

in 1994 that resulted from traumatic occupational injuries.

An injury is defined as any intentional or unintentional

wound or damage to the body resulting from acute exposure

to energy, such as heat or electricity, or kinetic energy

from a crash; or from the absence of such essentials as

heat or oxygen caused by a specific event, incident, or

series of events within a single workday or shift. Included

are open wounds, intracranial and internal injuries,

heatstroke, hypothermia, asphyxiations, acute poisonings

resulting from a short-term exposure limited to the

worker's shift, suicides and homicides, and work injuries

listed as underlying or contributory causes of death.

 Information on work-related fatal illnesses are not

reported in the BLS census and are excluded from the

attached tables because the latency period of many

occupational illnesses and the difficulty of linking

illnesses to work makes identification of a universe

problematic. Partial information on fatal occupational

illnesses, compiled separately, is available for 1991-1993

in BLS Report 891.

Measurement techniques and limitations:

 Data for the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries are

compiled from various federal, state, and local

administrative sources--including death certificates,

workers' compensation reports and claims, reports to

various regulatory agencies, medical examiner reports, and

police reports--as well as news reports. Multiple sources

are used because studies have shown that no single source
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captures all job-related fatalities. Source documents are

matched so that each fatality is counted only once. To

ensure that a fatality occurred while the decedent was at

work, information is verified from two or more independent

source documents, or from a source document and a follow-up

questionnaire. Approximately 30 data elements are

collected, coded, and tabulated, including information

about the worker, the fatal incident, and the machinery or

equipment involved.

Identification and verification of work-related

 fatalities:

 Because some state laws and regulations prohibit

enumerators from contacting the next-of-kin, it was not

possible to independently verify work relationship (whether

a fatality is job related) for 258 fatal work injuries in

1994; however, the information on the initiating source

document for these cases was sufficient to determine that

the incident was likely to be job-related. Data for these

are included in the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries

fatalities, which primarily affected self-employed workers,

counts. An additional 56 fatalities submitted by states

were not included because the initiating source document

had insufficient information to determine work

relationship, which could not be verified by either an

independent source document or a follow-up questionnaire.

 States may identify additional fatal work injuries

after data collection close-out for a reference year. In

addition, other fatalities excluded from the published

count because of insufficient information to determine work

relationship may be subsequently verified as work related.

States have up to one year to update their initial

published state counts. This procedure ensures that

fatality data are disseminated as quickly as possible and

that no legitimate case is excluded from the counts.

 Federal/state agency coverage:

 The Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries includes data

for all fatal work injuries, whether they are covered by

the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) or

other federal or state agencies or are outside the scope of

regulatory coverage. Thus, any comparison between the BLS

census counts and those released by other agencies should

take into account the different coverage requirements and

definitions being used.

 Several federal and state agencies have jurisdiction

over workplace safety and health. OSHA and affiliated
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agencies in states with approved safety programs cover the

largest portion of America's workers. However, injuries

and illnesses occurring in several other industries, such

as coal, metal, and nonmetal mining and water, rail, and

air transportation, are excluded from OSHA coverage because

they are covered by other federal agencies, such as the

Mine Safety and Health Administration, the U.S. Coast

Guard, the Federal Railroad Administration, and the Federal

Aviation Administration. Fatalities occurring in

activities regulated by federal agencies other than OSHA

accounted for about 19 percent of the fatal work injuries

for 1994.

 Fatalities occurring among several other groups of

workers are generally not covered by any federal or state

agencies. These groups include self-employed and unpaid

family workers, which accounted for about 19 percent of the

fatalities; laborers on small farms, accounting for about 2

percent of the fatalities; and state and local government

employees in states without OSHA-approved safety programs,

which account for about 3 percent. (Approximately one-half

of the states have approved OSHA safety programs, which

cover state and local government employees.)

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: BLS thanks the participating states for

their efforts in collecting accurate, comprehensive, and

useful data on fatal work injuries. BLS also appreciates

the efforts of all federal, state, local, and private

sector agencies that submitted source documents used to

identify fatal work injuries. Among these agencies are the

Occupational Safety and Health Administration; the National

Transportation Safety Board; the Department of Justice

(Bureau of Justice Assistance); the Mine Safety and Health

Administration; the Department of Defense; the Employment

Standards Administration (Federal Employees' Compensation

and Longshore and Harbor Workers' divisions); the

Department of Energy; the National Association of Chiefs of

Police; state vital statistics registrars, coroners, and

medical examiners; state departments of health, labor, and

industries, and workers' compensation agencies; state and

local police departments; and state farm bureaus.