NOT FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

 FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

BRUCE A. ROUSE,

 Plaintiff - Appellant,

 v.

EDMUND G. BROWN, Jr.; et al.,

 Defendants - Appellees.

No. 13-15817

D.C. No. 4:13-cv-01020-PJH

MEMORANDUM*

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Northern District of California

Phyllis J. Hamilton, District Judge, Presiding

Submitted June 12, 2014** 

Before: McKEOWN, WARDLAW, and M. SMITH, Circuit Judges. 

 

California state prisoner Bruce A. Rouse appeals pro se from the district

court’s judgment dismissing his 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action alleging Eighth

Amendment violations due to overcrowded prisons. We have jurisdiction under 28

U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo a dismissal under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A. 

FILED

JUN 18 2014

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

 * This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent

except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.

 ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision

without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
Hamilton v. Brown, 630 F.3d 889, 892 (9th Cir. 2011). We may affirm on any

ground supported by the record. Thompson v. Paul, 547 F.3d 1055, 1058-59 (9th

Cir. 2008). We affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand. 

Dismissal of Rouse’s requests for injunctive and equitable relief was proper

because Rouse’s exclusive federal remedy is a writ of habeas corpus. See Preiser

v. Rodriguez, 411 U.S. 475, 500 (1973) (“[W]hen a state prisoner is challenging

the very fact or duration of his physical imprisonment, and the relief he seeks is a

determination that he is entitled to immediate release or a speedier release from

that imprisonment, his sole federal remedy is a writ of habeas corpus.”). 

Dismissal of Rouse’s claim against Superior Court Judge Arthur Bocanegra

was proper because he is immune from liability. See Ashelman v. Pope, 793 F.2d

1072, 1075 (9th Cir. 1986) (en banc) (“Judicial immunity applies however

erroneous the act may have been, and however injurious in its consequences it may

have proved to the plaintiff.” (citation and internal quotation marks omitted)). 

However, dismissal without leave to amend of Rouse’s claim for damages

against Director Beard and Governor Brown in their individual capacities was an

abuse of discretion because the complaint’s deficiencies could have been cured by

alleging injuries suffered as a result of prison overcrowding. See Lopez v. Smith,

203 F.3d 1122, 1130-31 (9th Cir. 2000) (en banc) (abuse of discretion to deny

2 13-15817
leave to amend when amendment was not futile); Akhtar v. Mesa, 698 F.3d 1202,

1212 (9th Cir. 2012) (“[B]efore dismissing a pro se complaint the district court

must provide the litigant with notice of the deficiencies in his complaint in order to

ensure that the litigant uses the opportunity to amend effectively.” (citation and

internal quotation marks omitted)); see also Balla v. Idaho State Bd. of Corr., 869

F.2d 461, 471 (9th Cir. 1989) (“Only when overcrowding is combined with other

factors such as violence or inadequate staffing does overcrowding rise to an

[E]ighth [A]mendment violation.”). 

Accordingly, we reverse the judgment in part and remand to allow Rouse an

opportunity to file an amended complaint. 

AFFIRMED in part, REVERSED in part, and REMANDED. 

3 13-15817