National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism 

Division of Epidemiology and Prevention Research 

Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System 

SURVEILLANCE REPORT #89 

TRENDS IN ALCOHOL-RELATED MORBIDITY 

AMONG SHORT-STAY COMMUNITY HOSPITAL 

DISCHARGES, UNITED STATES, 1979–2007 

Chiung M. Chen, M.A. 

Hsiao-ye Yi, Ph.D. 

CSR, Incorporated1 

Suite 1000 

2107 Wilson Boulevard 

Arlington, VA 22201 

August 2010 

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 

Public Health Service 

National Institutes of Health 

1

 CSR, Incorporated operates the Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System (AEDS) 

under Contract No. HHSN267200800023C for the Division of Epidemiology and 

Prevention Research, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism 

(NIAAA). Dr. Rosalind A. Breslow serves as NIAAA Project Officer on the 

contract. 
(Blank Page) 
HIGHLIGHTS 

This surveillance report, prepared by the Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System (AEDS), 

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), presents data on alcohol-related 

morbidity in the United States from 1979 to 2007. AEDS compiles these statistics on alcoholrelated inpatient stays based on a national sample of hospital discharge episodes from the 

National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS), conducted annually by the National Center for 

Health Statistics (NCHS). Civilian population data estimated by the U.S. Census Bureau are used 

as the denominators to calculate rates. The following are highlights of general trends and notable 

findings: 

Alcohol-Related Hospital Discharges in 2007 

• Approximately 463,000 hospital discharge episodes for persons ages 15 and older had a 

principal (first-listed) alcohol-related diagnosis, and approximately 1.7 million discharge 

episodes had an any (all-listed) alcohol-related diagnosis. These figures represent 19.3 

principal (first-listed) and 69.6 any (all-listed) alcohol-related discharges per 10,000 

population, a slight increase in the principal (first-listed) alcohol-related discharge rate and a 

slight decrease in the any (all-listed) alcohol-related discharge rate compared with the 2006 

rates (18.1 and 72.4, respectively). 

• Alcoholic psychoses were the largest group (36.7 percent) of principal (first-listed) diagnoses, 

followed by alcohol dependence syndrome (29.3 percent), cirrhosis of the liver (25.1 

percent), and nondependent abuse of alcohol (9.0 percent). 

• A substantial difference exists between rates based on principal (first-listed) and any (alllisted) diagnoses. Nearly three-quarters (72.3 percent) of alcohol-related discharge episodes 

did not have an alcohol-related principal (first-listed) diagnosis. 

• Alcohol-related diagnoses in decreasing order of severity, as measured by average length of 

hospital stay, were cirrhosis (6.0 days, with 6.5 days for alcoholic cirrhosis), alcohol 

dependence syndrome (4.7 days), alcoholic psychoses (4.5 days), and nondependent abuse 

of alcohol (3.0 days). 

General Trends 

• Hospital discharge rates showed a clear upward trend for both principal (first-listed) and any 

(all-listed) alcoholic psychoses as well as for any (all-listed) chronic liver disease and 

cirrhosis and nondependent abuse of alcohol from 1988 to 2007. In contrast, there was a 

downward trend for both principal (first-listed) and any (all-listed) alcohol dependence 

syndrome between 1995 and 2007. 

• For all alcohol-related diagnoses, except cirrhosis without mention of alcohol, hospital 

discharge rates continue to be higher for males than for females. Persons ages 45 to 64 

generally have the highest principal (first-listed) as well as any (all-listed) alcohol-related 

discharge rates, and persons ages 15 to 24 have the lowest alcohol-related discharge rates. 

• In terms of percentage shares, alcohol dependence syndrome was the largest group of 

principal (first-listed) alcohol-related diagnoses until 2004. However, its percentage share 

declined substantially from more than 70 percent in 1979 to 29.3 percent in 2007. The 

percentage shares of diagnoses for alcoholic psychoses and any cirrhosis increased during 

the 29-year study period. Alcoholic psychoses outnumbered any cirrhosis since 1994 and 

has surpassed alcohol dependence syndrome as the largest principal (first-listed) alcoholrelated diagnoses since 2005. 

• While there has been relatively little change in the percentage of hospital discharges with 

principal (first-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis, the proportion of hospital 

discharges with any (all-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis has increased. The 

ratio for principal (first-listed) to any (all-listed) alcohol-related discharges declined from 60.9 

percent in 1979 to 27.7 percent in 2007. 

• For alcohol dependence syndrome and cirrhosis, reductions in average length of stay were 

observed since 1988 but leveled off in the few years before 2007. 

1
INTRODUCTION 

This is the 17th surveillance report on trends 

in alcohol-related morbidity among patients

discharged from short-stay community 

hospitals in the United States. Prepared by the 

Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System (AEDS), 

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and 

Alcoholism (NIAAA), the report updates the 

trends published in earlier surveillance reports. 

The findings are intended to be useful to 

policymakers, health care providers, researchers, 

and other individuals concerned about the 

health effects of alcohol abuse. 

Data are presented by age and sex, including 

numbers and population-based rates for hospital 

discharges with principal (first-listed) mention 

or any (all-listed) mention of specific diagnoses 

for chronic diseases resulting from alcohol 

abuse. Also included are data on the average 

length of hospital stay for alcohol-related 

discharge episodes. Race-specific data are not 

reported because a large proportion of discharges 

do not include race information. 

AEDS uses variance estimation procedures 

recommended by the National Center for 

Health Statistics (NCHS) to develop 95-percent 

confidence intervals for each estimate shown in 

figure 5 through figure 9 based on relative 

standard errors. The values of all estimates are 

presented in tables. 

DATA 

Sources 

Hospital discharge data for this report were 

obtained from the National Hospital Discharge 

Survey (NHDS), conducted annually by NCHS 

since 1965. These data are processed by NCHS 

and made available on public-use computer 

files. The report begins with 1979, the year in 

which the International Classification of 

Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification 

(ICD-9-CM) was implemented. ICD-9-CM is a 

diagnostic coding scheme published by the 

Commission on Professional and Hospital 

Activities (1978) and is based on the World 

Health Organization’s ninth revision of the 

ICD (1977). The Tenth Revision of the ICD 

(ICD-10) was implemented for mortality 

data beginning with data year 1999; the 

ICD-10-CM for morbidity data is expected 

to be implemented on October 1, 2013 

(Office of the Secretary, HHS 2009). 

The NHDS collects data from a sample 

of non-Federal, short-stay hospitals with six 

or more beds and an average length of stay 

fewer than 30 days. The sample is stratified 

by geographic region and hospital size. The 

probability of selecting a hospital is directly 

proportional to its size. Discharge episodes 

are sampled randomly at each participating 

hospital; the episode sampling ratio within 

an individual hospital varies inversely with 

the probability of hospital selection. NCHS 

calculates appropriate weights and includes 

them in the data files to project national 

estimates from the sample. Descriptions of 

the NHDS sampling design, data collection 

procedures, and data collection instruments 

used during the 1979–1987 period are 

published elsewhere by NCHS (1977, 2004, 

2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010). 

In 1988 NCHS implemented a new sample 

design to (1) provide geographic sampling 

comparability with other surveys conducted 

by NCHS, (2) update the sample of hospitals 

selected for the survey, and (3) maximize 

the use of data collected through automated 

systems. This change in the sample design 

may affect trend data because some 

differences between NHDS statistics based 

on the earlier sample (1979–1987) and 

statistics based on the 1988 sample may be 

due to sampling variability rather than 

changes in patterns of hospital utilization 

(NCHS 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 

2010). For example, NCHS compared the 

old survey results with the new results and 

produced significantly lower estimates of 

principal (first-listed) and any (all-listed) 

diagnoses of alcohol dependence in the new 

series (Haupt and Kozak 1992). 

2
For each hospital discharge episode in the 

sample, the following items are provided: the 

patient’s age, sex, race, marital status, and 

length of stay; the hospital’s size and regional 

location; and codes for up to seven diagnoses 

and up to four surgical procedures. 

Civilian population data used in calculating 

hospital discharge rates were estimated by the 

U.S. Census Bureau and provided by the 

NCHS. 

Limitations 

Estimates of alcohol-related morbidity based 

on the NHDS sample may underestimate the 

overall prevalence of such morbidity in the 

general U.S. population. For example, the NHDS 

sample does not include Veterans Administration 

and other Federal hospitals or hospitals where 

the average length of stay is 30 days or longer. 

Morbidity among individuals who are not 

hospitalized (i.e., those who seek outpatient 

treatment or no treatment) also is not reflected 

in the NHDS data. Furthermore, the stigma 

associated with alcohol abuse may lead to some 

reluctance by health professionals to report an 

alcohol-related diagnosis. 

To properly interpret the data, the following 

characteristics of the NHDS should be 

understood: 

• The NHDS provides a record for each 

sampled hospital discharge episode, not for 

each individual patient; therefore, an 

unknown portion of discharge episodes may 

reflect multiple hospital episodes for a 

single patient in a given year. Because no 

patient identifiers appear in the NHDS 

public-use data files, it is not possible to 

identify records for different hospital 

episodes involving the same patients. 

Consequently, the numbers and rates 

reported here reflect the incidence of 

alcohol-related hospital discharge episodes 

and not the prevalence of alcohol-related 

diagnoses among individual patients. 

• Because NHDS data are obtained from a 

sample of hospital discharge episodes, 

any resulting estimates are subject to 

sampling error. The reliability of 

estimates is a function of sample size. 

NCHS guidelines, based on the NHDS 

sampling plan, require a minimum of 30 

unweighted cases for even marginally 

acceptable reliability. In this report, data 

based on fewer than 30 NHDS records 

(population estimates in the range of 

5,000 to 6,000 after weights are applied) 

are not displayed for table cells. Estimates 

below 10,000 may be only marginally 

reliable. 

• The NHDS methodology allows for 

coding up to seven different diagnoses 

for each hospital discharge record. The 

first of these code positions contains a 

code for the principal (first-listed) 

diagnosis. The remaining six positions 

can be used to code additional diagnoses 

identified during the patient’s hospital 

stay. In this report, an any (all-listed) 

diagnosis is a diagnosis that appears in 

any one of the seven possible code 

positions for each record; counts of an 

any (all-listed) diagnosis are described as 

counts for any mention of the particular 

diagnosis. The principal (first-listed) 

diagnosis need not be the most serious 

diagnosis recorded on a discharge record, 

nor is it necessarily the diagnosis that 

accounts for the overall length of a 

patient’s hospital stay. 

• Numbers and rates based only on 

principal (first-listed) diagnoses can be 

misleading because these data overlook 

other morbidity that may be diagnosed 

during the patient’s hospitalization. 

Therefore, this report presents numbers 

and rates for principal (first-listed) as 

well as any (all-listed) mentions of 

alcohol-related diagnoses. Principal (firstlisted) diagnoses constitute a subset of 

3
4

any (all-listed) diagnoses. While diagnostic 

categories based on principal (first-listed) 

diagnoses are mutually exclusive, a given 

discharge may appear in more than one 

category based on any (all-listed) diagnoses. 

However, a hospital discharge with multiple 

diagnoses in the same category is not 

counted more than once. For example, one 

diagnostic category is alcoholic psychoses 

(ICD-9-CM code 291). Under this category 

are eight subclassifications. A discharge with 

diagnoses of both alcohol withdrawal delirium 

(code 291.0) and alcohol withdrawal 

hallucinosis (code 291.3) would be counted 

only once under the overall alcoholic 

psychoses classification even though more 

than one type of alcoholic psychosis appears 

on the record. 

• Since 1985, two data collection procedures 

have been used in conducting the survey: (1) 

a manual system of sample selection and 

data abstraction and (2) an automated method 

that involves the purchase of data files from 

abstracting service organizations. An 

increasing proportion of respondent hospitals 

have employed the automated method. Prior 

to 1985, all data were collected manually. In 

1987 approximately one-sixth (17 percent) 

of sample hospitals used the automated 

method. But by 2006, 45 percent of these 

hospitals were using the automated method 

(DeFrances et al. 2008). The variability in 

data collection procedures may have 

systematic effects on morbidity trend data. 

• The change in sample design implemented 

in 1988 implies a discontinuity in timeseries data. Therefore, the reader must use 

caution when interpreting trends across the 

old and the new sample periods. 

METHOD 

Definitions 

A major methodological issue of this report 

is the specification of the categories of alcoholrelated diagnoses. The level of diagnostic 

detail defined in the ICD-9-CM and 

available in the NHDS is so great that the 

most detailed classification of morbidity 

results in diagnostic categories with very 

few observations. To minimize the problem 

of small cell sizes, detailed diagnostic 

classifications from the NHDS are reported 

under four major alcohol-related categories, 

with three subcategories for chronic liver 

disease and cirrhosis. These categories (and 

the associated specific alcohol-related 

diagnoses) are listed in the table of 

definitions on the following page. 

For chronic liver disease and cirrhosis, the 

ICD-9-CM allows for a distinction between 

diagnoses with and without mention of 

alcohol. AEDS has chosen not to emphasize 

this distinction and has reported all liver 

cirrhosis in analyses of alcohol-related 

morbidity and mortality. This practice was 

adopted at the recommendation of health 

professionals and epidemiologists who 

attended a conference sponsored by AEDS 

in 1979. In keeping with this practice, this 

report includes an overall category of chronic 

liver disease and cirrhosis that does not 

distinguish between cirrhosis with and 

without mention of alcohol. For consistency 

with causes of death reported in other AEDS 

publications on cirrhosis mortality (Yoon and 

Yi 2010), this report also includes three 

subcategories of cirrhosis: (1) alcoholic 

cirrhosis of the liver, (2) other specified 

cirrhosis of the liver without mention of 

alcohol, and (3) unspecified cirrhosis of the 

liver without mention of alcohol. 

This report presents data for the U.S. 

population ages 15 and older in the following 

age categories: 15 to 24, 25 to 44, 45 to 64, and 

65 and older. Age 15 is below the minimum 

legal drinking age in all 50 States and the 

District of Columbia, but survey results show 

that a large number of adolescents drink 

alcoholic beverages. For example, data from
Definition of Alcohol-Related Diagnoses 

Category Used in Report Classification in ICD-9-CM 

Alcoholic psychoses 291.0 Alcohol withdrawal delirium 

291.1 Alcohol amnestic syndrome 

291.2 Other alcoholic dementia 

291.3 Alcohol withdrawal hallucinosis 

291.4 Idiosyncratic alcohol intoxication 

291.5 Alcoholic jealousy 

291.8 Other specified alcoholic psychosis 

291.9 Unspecified alcoholic psychosis 

Alcohol dependence syndrome 303.0 Acute alcoholic intoxication 

303.9 Other and unspecified alcohol dependence 

265.2 Pellagra 

357.5 Alcoholic polyneuropathy 

425.5 Alcoholic cardiomyopathy 

535.3 Alcoholic gastritis 

Nondependent abuse of alcohol 305.0 Alcohol abuse 

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis: 

Alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver 571.0 Alcoholic fatty liver 

571.1 Acute alcoholic hepatitis 

571.2 Alcoholic cirrhosis of liver 

571.3 Alcoholic liver damage, unspecified 

Other specified cirrhosis of the liver 571.4 Chronic hepatitis 

without mention of alcohol 571.6 Biliary cirrhosis 

571.8 Other chronic nonalcoholic liver disease 

572.3 Portal hypertension 

Unspecified cirrhosis of the liver 571.5 Cirrhosis of liver without mention of alcohol 

without mention of alcohol 571.9 Unspecified chronic liver disease without 

mention of alcohol 

the NIAAA 2001–2002 National Epidemiologic 

Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions 

indicate that 12.2 percent of current drinkers 

ages 18 and older in the United States began 

drinking at age 15 or younger (Alcohol 

Epidemiologic Data System 2004). 

Exclusions 

In assessing alcohol-related diagnoses, 

discharges of females with deliveries should be 

excluded because childbirth is not an illness. In 

a typical year, approximately 12 to 13 percent 

of all hospital discharges are for delivery. In 

2006 this category accounted for 11.8 

percent of all discharges (DeFrances et al. 

2008). Accordingly, to examine the share of 

all discharges associated with a principal 

(first-listed) or an any (all-listed) alcoholrelated diagnosis in figure 4, the percentages 

were calculated after excluding from both 

the numerator and denominator all records 

coded in the principal (first-listed) diagnosis 

as V27, a supplementary ICD-9-CM 

classification for females delivering babies. 

5
Assessment of Statistical Significance 

Because data on hospital discharges are 

based on a sample of all discharges, there is 

some sampling error in the estimates presented 

in this report. To assess the statistical 

significance of apparent differences in the 

estimates, we have used variance estimation 

procedures recommended by the NCHS to 

develop confidence intervals for each estimate. 

The confidence intervals presented in 

figures 5–9 are based on relative standard 

errors (RSEs), which are standard errors 

expressed as a percentage of the estimate. 

NCHS provides a method for obtaining RSEs 

in the technical documentation of the annual 

National Hospital Discharge Survey summary 

report for principal (first-listed) and any (alllisted) diagnoses and for length of stay (NCHS 

2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010). To 

obtain a 95-percent confidence interval, the 

RSE value was multiplied by the estimate and 

by 1.96, and the resulting value was then added 

to and subtracted from the estimate. 

REFERENCES 

Alcohol Epidemiologic Data System. Unpublished data 

from the 2001–2002 National Epidemiologic Survey 

on Alcohol and Related Conditions, National 

Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2004. 

Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities. 

The International Classification of Diseases, Ninth 

Revision, Clinical Modification. Ann Arbor, MI, 

1978. 

DeFrances, C.J., Lucas, C.A., Buie, V.C., and 

Golosinskiy, A. 2006 National Hospital Discharge 

Survey. National Health Statistics Reports, No. 5. 

Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health 

Statistics, 2008. 

Haupt, B.J., and Kozak, L.J. Estimates From Two 

Survey Designs: National Hospital Discharge 

Survey. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital 

and Health Statistics, Series 13, No. 111. 

Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing 

Office, 1992. 

National Center for Health Statistics (W.R. Simmons 

and G.A. Schnack). Development of the Design 

of the NCHS Hospital Discharge Survey. Vital 

and Health Statistics. Series 2, No. 39. U.S. 

Department of Health, Education and Welfare 

Publication No. (HRA) 77-1199. Health 

Resources Administration. Washington, DC: U.S. 

Government Printing Office, 1977. 

National Center for Health Statistics. 1979–2002 

National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) 

Multi-Year Public Use Data File Documentation. 

Hyattsville, MD: NCHS, 2004. 

National Center for Health Statistics. 2003 National 

Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) Public Use 

Data File Documentation. Hyattsville, MD: 

NCHS, 2005. 

National Center for Health Statistics. 2004 National 

Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) Public Use 

Data File Documentation. Hyattsville, MD: 

NCHS, 2006. 

National Center for Health Statistics. 2005 National 

Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) Public Use 

Data File Documentation. Hyattsville, MD: 

NCHS, 2007. 

National Center for Health Statistics. 2006 National 

Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) Public Use 

Data File Documentation. Hyattsville, MD: 

NCHS, 2008. 

National Center for Health Statistics. 2007 National 

Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) Public Use 

Data File Documentation. Hyattsville, MD: 

NCHS, 2010. 

Office of the Secretary, HHS. HIPAA administrative 

simplification: Modifications to medical data 

code set standards to adopt ID-10-CM and ICD10-PCS. Final rule. Federal Register 74(11): 

3328–3362, 2009. 

World Health Organization. Manual of the 

International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 

Injuries, and Causes of Death, Ninth Revision. 

Geneva: World Health Organization, 1977. 

Yoon, Y.H., and Yi, H.; Surveillance Report #88: 

Liver Cirrhosis Mortality in the United States, 

1970–2007. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on 

Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Division of 

Epidemiology and Prevention Research, 2010.

6
7

List of Figures 

Page 

Figure 1 Percent distribution of principal (first-listed) diagnoses among discharges 

with principal (first-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis, 2007 ....... 8 

Figure 2 Trends in percent distribution of principal (first-listed) diagnoses among 

discharges with principal (first-listed) mention of an alcohol-related 

diagnosis, 1979–2007......................................................................................... 8 

Figure 3 Percent distribution of principal (first-listed) diagnoses among discharges 

with any (all-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis, 2007.................. 9 

Figure 4 Trends in percent of discharges with principal (first-listed) or any (all-listed) 

mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis among all discharges, 1979–2007...... 9 

Figure 5 Rates and 95-percent confidence intervals for discharges with principal 

(first-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis, 1979–2007 ..................... 10 

Figure 6 Rates and 95-percent confidence intervals for discharges with any (all-listed) 

mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis, 1979–2007......................................... 11 

Figure 7 Rates and 95-percent confidence intervals for discharges with principal 

(first-listed) mention of specific alcohol-related diagnoses, 1979–2007 ........... 12 

Figure 8 Rates and 95-percent confidence intervals for discharges with any (all-listed) 

mention of specific alcohol-related diagnoses, 1979–2007 ............................... 13 

Figure 9 Average length of stay and 95-percent confidence intervals for discharges 

with principal (first-listed) mention of specific alcohol-related diagnoses, 

1979–2007.......................................................................................................... 14 

List of Tables 

Table 1 Number and rate of discharges with principal (first-listed) mention of an 

alcohol-related diagnosis for U.S. population ages 15 years and older by sex 

and age group, 1979–2007 ................................................................................. 15 

Table 2 Number and rate of discharges with any (all-listed) mention of an alcoholrelated diagnosis for U.S. population ages 15 years and older by sex and age 

group, 1979–2007 .............................................................................................. 21 

Table 3 Average length of stay (in days) for discharges with principal (first-listed) 

mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis by sex and age group, 1979–2007...... 27 
Figure 1. Percent distribution of principal (first-listed) diagnoses among discharges with 

principal (first-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis, 2007. 

Total number of discharges with principal (firstlisted) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis =

approximately 463,000

36.7%

29.3%

25.1%

9.0%

Alcoholic psychoses

Alcohol dependence syndrome

Cirrhosis

Nondependent abuse of alcohol

Figure 2. Trends in percent distribution of principal (first-listed) diagnoses among discharges 

with principal (first-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis, 1979–2007. 

H H H H H H H H H

H H

H H H H H H

H H

H H H

H H H H H H H

F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F F

F F F F F F F F F F F

1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Percent

Alcohol dependence syndrome

Alcoholic psychoses

H Any cirrhosis

F Nondependent abuse of alcohol

Note: Shaded area represents the period before implementation of a new sample design which may affect the trend data. 

Caution should be taken when making comparisons between the old and new sample design periods.

8
Figure 3. Percent distribution of principal (first-listed) diagnoses among discharges with 

any (all-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis, 2007. 

10.2%

8.1%

4.1%

2.9%

2.5%

72.3%

Alcoholic psychoses

Alcohol dependence syndrome

Cirrhosis, with mention of alcohol

Cirrhosis, without mention of alcohol

Nondependent abuse of alcohol

Alcohol-related, non-first-listed diagnosis

Total number of discharges with any (alllisted) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis

 = approximately 1.7 million

Figure 4. Trends in percent of discharges with principal (first-listed) or any (all-listed) mention of an 

alcohol-related diagnosis among all discharges, 1979–2007. 

G G G G G

G

G

G G

G

G G G

G G

G G G G G G G G G G

G G

G G

C C C C C

C

C

C C

C

C C C

C

C

C C C C C C C C C C

C C

C C

1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Percent

First-listed diagnosis

G All-listed diagnosis

First-listed diagnosis (excluding delivery)

C All-listed diagnosis (excluding delivery)

Note: Shaded area represents the period before implementation of a new sample design which may affect the trend data. 

Caution should be taken when making comparisons between the old and new sample design periods.

9
10

Both sexes, ages 15 years and older

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Males, ages 15 years and older

20

30

40

50

60

70

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Females, ages 15 years and older

4

8

12

16

20

24

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Both sexes, ages 15 to 24 years

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Both sexes, ages 25 to 44 years

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Both sexes, ages 45 to 64 years

15

25

35

45

55

65

75

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Both sexes, ages 65 years and older

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Figure 5. Rates and 95-percent confidence 

intervals for discharges with principal 

(first-listed) mention of an alcohol-related 

diagnosis, 1979–2007.

[Vertical axes reflect rates per 10,000 population: scale is 

not uniform for all graphs]

[Shaded area represents the period before implementation 

of a new sample design that may affect the trend data. 

Caution should be taken when making comparisons 

between the old and new sample design periods.]
Both sexes, ages 15 years and older

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Males, ages 15 years and older

65

75

85

95

105

115

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Females, ages 15 years and older

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Both sexes, ages 15 to 24 years

10

15

20

25

30

35

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Both sexes, ages 25 to 44 years

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Both sexes, ages 45 to 64 years

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Both sexes, ages 65 years and older

50

60

70

80

90

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Figure 6. Rates and 95-percent confidence 

intervals for discharges with any (all-listed) 

mention of an alcohol-related 

diagnosis, 1979–2007.

[Vertical axes reflect rates per 10,000 population: scale is 

not uniform for all graphs]

[Shaded area represents the period before implementation 

of a new sample design that may affect the trend data. 

Caution should be taken when making comparisons 

between the old and new sample design periods.]

11
Alcohol dependence syndrome

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Alcoholic psychoses

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Nondependent abuse of alcohol

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

All chronic liver disease and cirrhosis

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Other specified cirrhosis without mention of alcohol

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Unspecified cirrhosis without mention of alcohol

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Figure 6. Rates and 95-percent confidence 

intervals for any (all-listed) alcohol-related 

diagnoses, 1979–2007.

[Vertical axes reflect rates per 10,000 population: scale is 

not uniform for all graphs]

[Shaded area represents the period before implementation 

of a new sample design which may affect the trend data

Caution should be taken when making comparisons 

between the old and new sample design periods.]

. 

Figure 7. Rates and 95-percent confidence 

intervals for discharges with principal 

(first-listed) mention of specific 

alcohol-related diagnoses, 1979–2007.

[Vertical axes reflect rates per 10,000 population: scale is 

not uniform for all graphs]

[Shaded area represents the period before implementation 

of a new sample design that may affect the trend data. 

Caution should be taken when making comparisons 

between the old and new sample design periods.]

12
Alcohol dependence syndrome

25

30

35

40

45

50

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Alcoholic psychoses

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Nondependent abuse of alcohol

0

4

8

12

16

20

24

28

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

All chronic liver disease and cirrhosis

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Other specified cirrhosis without mention of alcohol

0

2

4

6

8

10

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Unspecified cirrhosis without mention of alcohol

0

2

4

6

8

10

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Figure 8. Rates and 95-percent confidence 

intervals for discharges with any 

(all-listed) mention of specific 

alcohol-related diagnoses, 1979–2007.

[Vertical axes reflect rates per 10,000 population: scale is 

not uniform for all graphs]

[Shaded area represents the period before implementation 

of a new sample design that may affect the trend data. 

Caution should be taken when making comparisons 

between the old and new sample design periods.]

13
14

Alcohol dependence syndrome

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Alcoholic psychoses

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Nondependent abuse of alcohol

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

All chronic liver disease and cirrhosis

0

5

10

15

20

25

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver

0

5

10

15

20

25

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Other specified cirrhosis without mention of alcohol

0

5

10

15

20

25

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Unspecified cirrhosis without mention of alcohol

0

5

10

15

20

25

1979 1983 1987 1991 1995 1999 2003 2007

Figure 9. Average length of stay and 95-percent 

confidence intervals for discharges with principal 

(first-listed) mention of specific 

alcohol-related diagnoses, 1979–2007.

[Vertical axes reflect average length of stay in days: scale 

is not uniform for all graphs] 

[Shaded area represents the period before implementation 

of a new sample design that may affect the trend data. 

Caution should be taken when making comparisons 

between the old and new sample design periods.]
Table 1. Number and rate of discharges with principal (first-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis for U.S. population ages 15 years and older b

15

Number of discharges (in 1,000s) Rate per 10,000 

Diagnostic category 

and year Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

25–44 

years 

45–64 

years 

65+ 

years 

Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

Any alcohol-related diagnosis 

2007 .......................................... 463 326 137 17 155 244 47 19.3 28.0 11.1 4.1 2006 .......................................... 430 303 127 14 154 216 46 18.1 26.3 10.4 3.4 

2005 .......................................... 441 298 143 18 159 220 45 18.8 26.2 11.9 4.4 2004 .......................................... 434 289 145 18 147 213 56 18.7 25.7 12.2 4.4 2003 .......................................... 424 298 126 13 161 198 52 18.5 26.9 10.7 3.3 2002 .......................................... 437 310 127 21 178 191 47 19.3 28.3 10.9 5.2 2001 .......................................... 415 285 130 26 185 160 43 18.6 26.4 11.3 6.7 2000 .......................................... 404 284 120 21 190 154 39 18.3 26.6 10.5 5.4 1999 .......................................... 405 285 121 19 178 159 50 18.8 27.4 10.8 4.9 1998 .......................................... 408 294 114 15 193 148 51 19.1 28.6 10.4 4.0 1997 .......................................... 421 298 123 21 199 146 55 20.0 29.3 11.3 5.6 1996 .......................................... 419 312 107 17 215 139 48 20.1 31.0 9.9 4.5 1995 .......................................... 442 314 128 28 219 149 46 21.5 31.7 12.0 7.6 1994 .......................................... 455 345 110 31 226 147 51 22.3 35.2 10.4 8.4 1993 .......................................... 429 320 109 29 225 126 49 21.2 32.9 10.4 7.8 1992 .......................................... 423 309 114 35 215 123 50 21.2 32.3 11.0 9.6 1991 .......................................... 385 282 103 28 191 116 50 19.5 29.7 10.0 7.5 1990 .......................................... 381 287 94 31 183 123 44 19.5 30.6 9.2 8.3 1989 .......................................... 378 270 109 36 178 120 44 19.7 29.5 10.8 9.8 1988 .......................................... 394 285 108 49 178 120 48 20.7 31.5 10.9 13.0 1987*.......................................... 524 387 137 43 263 166 52 27.8 43.1 13.9 11.3 1986*.......................................... 594 438 156 53 296 189 56 31.8 49.3 15.9 13.7 1985*.......................................... 591 450 141 50 279 199 64 32.0 51.3 14.6 12.8 1984*.......................................... 577 416 162 48 262 202 65 31.6 47.9 16.9 12.2 1983*.......................................... 584 424 159 48 263 210 63 32.3 49.5 16.8 11.9 1982*.......................................... 631 465 166 59 272 233 68 35.3 54.9 17.7 14.4 1981*.......................................... 679 501 178 53 287 264 74 38.5 59.8 19.1 12.9 1980*.......................................... 668 491 177 47 275 274 72 38.3 59.3 19.4 11.3 1979*.......................................... 636 473 163 51 254 269 63 37.1 58.2 18.0 12.2 

Alcoholic psych oses

2007 .......................................... 170 124 45 5 68 86 11 7.1 10.7 3.7 1.1 2006 .......................................... 148 108 40 4 62 74 8 6.2 9.4 3.3 0.9 

2005 .......................................... 158 111 48 5 73 70 10 6.7 9.7 4.0 1.2 2004 .......................................... 136 96 41 — 54 66 11 5.9 8.5 3.4 — 2003 .......................................... 132 97 34 — 60 56 13 5.8 8.8 2.9 — 2002 .......................................... 132 98 34 4 65 55 8 5.8 9.0 2.9 1.0 2001 .......................................... 121 82 39 6 62 45 8 5.4 7.6 3.4 1.6 2000 .......................................... 126 93 33 8 68 43 7 5.7 8.7 2.9 2.0 1999 .......................................... 108 83 25 — 55 40 9 5.0 8.0 2.2 — 1998 .......................................... 98 77 21 — 49 37 10 4.6 7.5 1.9 — 1997 .......................................... 91 67 24 — 44 34 11 4.3 6.6 2.2 — 1996 .......................................... 90 73 17 — 48 31 8 4.3 7.2 1.6 — 1995 .......................................... 83 63 20 — 42 32 6 4.0 6.4 1.8 — 1994 .......................................... 89 74 15 — 45 34 8 4.4 7.5 1.4 — 1993 .......................................... 66 53 14 — 38 21 6 3.3 5.4 1.3 — 1992 .......................................... 51 41 11 — 28 16 5 2.6 4.2 1.0 — 1991 .......................................... 52 44 8 — 27 18 6 2.6 4.6 0.8 — 
Table 1. Number and rate of discharges with principal (first-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnoses for U.S. population ages 15 

by sex and age group, 1979–2007. (Continued)

16

Number of discharges (in 1,000s) Rate per 10,000 

Diagnostic category 

and year Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

25–44 

years 

45–64 

years 

65+ 

years 

Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

1990 .......................................... 45 38 7 — 21 18 5 2.3 4.0 0.7 — 1989 .......................................... 53 42 10 — 25 20 6 2.7 4.6 1.0 — 1988 .......................................... 52 42 10 — 26 17 8 2.7 4.6 1.0 — 1987*.......................................... 80 65 15 — 42 28 8 4.2 7.2 1.5 — 1986*.......................................... 68 56 13 — 36 22 6 3.7 6.3 1.3 — 1985*.......................................... 64 50 14 — 31 21 8 3.4 5.7 1.4 — 1984*.......................................... 53 43 10 — 23 22 6 2.9 4.9 1.1 — 1983*.......................................... 47 40 7 — 21 18 — 2.6 4.6 0.7 — 1982*.......................................... 58 48 9 — 29 22 — 3.2 5.7 1.0 — 1981*.......................................... 73 59 14 — 35 29 5 4.1 7.0 1.5 — 1980*.......................................... 66 52 14 — 32 28 — 3.8 6.3 1.6 — 1979*.......................................... 45 39 7 — 20 18 — 2.7 4.8 0.7 — 

Alcohol dependence syndrome 

2007 .......................................... 135 101 34 6 56 65 9 5.7 8.7 2.8 1.5 2006 .......................................... 127 92 35 5 56 59 7 5.3 7.9 2.9 1.3 

2005 .......................................... 132 96 36 5 54 64 8 5.6 8.4 3.0 1.3 2004 .......................................... 143 95 48 7 60 63 14 6.2 8.5 4.0 1.7 2003 .......................................... 144 102 42 5 67 63 9 6.3 9.2 3.6 1.3 2002 .......................................... 154 106 47 10 80 57 7 6.8 9.7 4.0 2.5 2001 .......................................... 158 119 39 14 82 54 9 7.1 11.0 3.4 3.6 2000 .......................................... 154 113 41 9 85 52 7 7.0 10.6 3.6 2.4 1999 .......................................... 173 125 48 10 86 64 13 8.0 12.0 4.3 2.6 1998 .......................................... 185 140 46 10 105 59 12 8.7 13.6 4.1 2.5 1997 .......................................... 206 149 57 12 110 68 15 9.8 14.7 5.2 3.2 1996 .......................................... 217 166 51 12 133 61 12 10.4 16.5 4.7 3.3 1995 .......................................... 261 191 70 21 149 76 15 12.7 19.2 6.6 5.7 1994 .......................................... 260 197 63 23 149 72 15 12.7 20.1 5.9 6.2 1993 .......................................... 261 201 60 23 158 66 14 12.9 20.7 5.7 6.2 1992 .......................................... 269 205 63 25 158 68 18 13.5 21.4 6.1 6.7 1991 .......................................... 242 183 58 20 141 64 17 12.2 19.4 5.6 5.4 1990 .......................................... 248 191 57 24 134 69 20 12.6 20.3 5.6 6.4 1989 .......................................... 227 171 56 29 124 59 15 11.8 18.7 5.6 7.9 1988 .......................................... 243 184 60 40 122 66 15 12.8 20.3 6.0 10.6 1987*.......................................... 347 259 88 32 191 98 27 18.4 28.8 8.9 8.3 1986*.......................................... 410 314 96 41 223 121 25 21.9 35.3 9.8 10.4 1985*.......................................... 401 321 80 33 213 126 29 21.7 36.6 8.3 8.5 1984*.......................................... 407 299 107 37 203 135 32 22.3 34.5 11.2 9.2 1983*.......................................... 401 305 96 36 198 136 31 22.2 35.5 10.1 8.9 1982*.......................................... 429 330 99 46 199 150 35 24.0 39.0 10.5 11.2 1981*.......................................... 458 355 102 37 213 171 37 25.9 42.4 11.0 8.9 1980*.......................................... 449 351 98 35 203 175 36 25.8 42.4 10.7 8.4 1979*.......................................... 452 350 102 34 197 187 33 26.4 43.0 11.3 8.2 

All chronic liver disease  and cirrhosis 

2007 .......................................... 116 71 46 — 18 73 24 4.8 6.1 3.7 — 2006 .......................................... 116 76 40 — 23 68 24 4.9 6.6 3.3 — 
Table 1. Number and rate of discharges with principal (first-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnoses for U.S. population ages 15 

by sex and age group, 1979–2007. (Continued)

17

Number of discharges (in 1,000s) Rate per 10,000 

Diagnostic category 

and year Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

25–44 

years 

45–64 

years 

65+ 

years 

Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

2005 .......................................... 115 68 46 — 19 71 24 4.9 6.0 3.8 — 2004 .......................................... 117 70 48 — 19 70 28 5.1 6.2 4.0 — 2003 .......................................... 107 68 39 — 19 61 27 4.7 6.1 3.3 — 2002 .......................................... 105 68 37 — 15 61 27 4.6 6.2 3.1 — 2001 .......................................... 99 59 40 — 25 50 24 4.4 5.5 3.4 — 2000 .......................................... 87 53 33 — 18 46 21 3.9 5.0 2.9 — 1999 .......................................... 89 52 38 — 18 46 25 4.2 5.0 3.4 — 1998 .......................................... 91 54 38 — 22 42 27 4.3 5.2 3.4 — 1997 .......................................... 84 49 35 — 24 36 24 4.0 4.8 3.2 — 1996 .......................................... 84 53 31 — 22 38 24 4.0 5.3 2.9 — 1995 .......................................... 77 45 33 — 18 36 22 3.8 4.5 3.1 — 1994 .......................................... 83 56 27 — 20 36 26 4.1 5.7 2.6 — 1993 .......................................... 78 49 29 — 20 32 25 3.9 5.0 2.8 — 1992 .......................................... 73 44 29 — 17 32 24 3.7 4.6 2.8 — 1991 .......................................... 67 38 29 — 16 27 23 3.4 4.0 2.8 — 1990 .......................................... 65 40 25 — 18 31 16 3.3 4.3 2.4 — 1989 .......................................... 75 41 34 — 17 36 20 3.9 4.4 3.4 — 1988 .......................................... 71 43 28 — 18 31 22 3.7 4.8 2.8 — 1987*.......................................... 69 41 28 — 19 32 16 3.6 4.6 2.8 — 1986*.......................................... 77 40 37 — 17 37 22 4.1 4.5 3.8 — 1985*.......................................... 89 51 37 — 20 43 24 4.8 5.8 3.9 — 1984*.......................................... 83 48 35 — 21 37 23 4.5 5.5 3.6 — 1983*.......................................... 96 54 43 — 26 46 23 5.3 6.2 4.5 — 1982*.......................................... 99 56 43 — 25 48 25 5.5 6.6 4.6 — 1981*.......................................... 112 62 50 — 25 55 29 6.4 7.4 5.4 — 1980*.......................................... 117 64 53 — 26 61 27 6.7 7.7 5.7 — 1979*.......................................... 102 58 43 — 23 54 21 5.9 7.2 4.8 — 

Alcoholic cirrhosis 

2007 .......................................... 68 49 19 — 13 48 7 2.8 4.2 1.5 — 2006 .......................................... 70 54 16 — 16 46 9 2.9 4.7 1.3 — 

2005 .......................................... 64 43 21 — 14 42 7 2.7 3.7 1.7 — 2004 .......................................... 63 46 17 — 14 41 8 2.7 4.1 1.4 — 2003 .......................................... 65 47 18 — 15 38 12 2.8 4.3 1.5 — 2002 .......................................... 58 46 12 — 12 38 7 2.6 4.2 1.0 — 2001 .......................................... 59 44 15 — 19 34 7 2.7 4.1 1.3 — 2000 .......................................... 52 37 15 — 13 29 8 2.3 3.5 1.3 — 1999 .......................................... 52 39 13 — 12 32 8 2.4 3.7 1.2 — 1998 .......................................... 55 39 17 — 17 27 11 2.6 3.8 1.5 — 1997 .......................................... 50 36 13 — 18 24 8 2.4 3.6 1.2 — 1996 .......................................... 52 39 13 — 18 26 7 2.5 3.8 1.2 — 1995 .......................................... 45 32 13 — 13 24 8 2.2 3.3 1.2 — 1994 .......................................... 49 36 12 — 13 23 13 2.4 3.7 1.2 — 1993 .......................................... 45 34 11 — 16 19 10 2.2 3.5 1.1 — 1992 .......................................... 42 32 9 — 12 21 9 2.1 3.4 0.9 — 1991 .......................................... 37 26 12 — 11 17 9 1.9 2.7 1.1 — 1990 .......................................... 38 28 10 — 14 18 6 1.9 3.0 1.0 — 1989 .......................................... 36 23 12 — 10 19 6 1.9 2.5 1.2 — 
Table 1. Number and rate of discharges with principal (first-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnoses for U.S. population ages 15 

by sex and age group, 1979–2007. (Continued)

18

Number of discharges (in 1,000s) Rate per 10,000 

Diagnostic category 

and year Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

25–44 

years 

45–64 

years 

65+ 

years 

Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

1988 .......................................... 41 31 10 — 12 20 10 2.2 3.5 1.0 — 1987*.......................................... 37 25 11 — 13 16 7 1.9 2.8 1.2 — 1986*.......................................... 35 23 12 — 10 19 6 1.9 2.6 1.2 — 1985*.......................................... 40 27 13 — 12 21 7 2.1 3.0 1.3 — 1984*.......................................... 37 25 12 — 13 19 — 2.0 2.8 1.3 — 1983*.......................................... 33 22 11 — 12 16 — 1.8 2.6 1.1 — 1982*.......................................... 38 25 13 — 12 21 5 2.1 3.0 1.4 — 1981*.......................................... 46 27 19 — 12 22 10 2.6 3.2 2.0 — 1980*.......................................... 42 26 16 — 12 23 7 2.4 3.1 1.8 — 1979*.......................................... 41 28 13 — 12 24 6 2.4 3.5 1.4 — 

Other specified cirrhosis 

2007 .......................................... 10 3 7 — — 4 4 0.4 0.2 0.6 — 2006 .......................................... 11 4 7 — — 5 — 0.4 0.3 0.6 — 

2005 .......................................... 12 — 10 — — 7 — 0.5 — 0.8 — 2004 .......................................... 13 5 9 — — 7 — 0.6 0.4 0.7 — 2003 .......................................... 9 3 5 — — 5 — 0.4 0.3 0.4 — 2002 .......................................... 6 — 4 — — 3 — 0.3 — 0.4 — 2001 .......................................... 6 — 4 — — — — 0.3 — 0.3 — 2000 .......................................... 8 3 5 — — 5 — 0.4 0.3 0.4 — 1999 .......................................... 9 — 6 — — — — 0.4 — 0.6 — 1998 .......................................... 8 — 5 — — — — 0.4 — 0.5 — 1997 .......................................... 9 — 6 — — — — 0.4 — 0.6 — 1996 .......................................... 6 — 2 — — — — 0.3 — 0.2 — 1995 .......................................... 9 — 8 — — — — 0.5 — 0.7 — 1994 .......................................... 10 — 5 — — — — 0.5 — 0.5 — 1993 .......................................... 11 4 6 — — 6 — 0.5 0.5 0.6 — 1992 .......................................... 9 3 6 — — 3 — 0.5 0.3 0.6 — 1991 .......................................... 11 4 7 — — 4 — 0.5 0.4 0.6 — 1990 .......................................... 9 4 5 — — 4 — 0.5 0.4 0.5 — 1989 .......................................... 14 7 7 — 4 6 — 0.7 0.7 0.7 — 1988 .......................................... 9 4 5 — 3 3 — 0.5 0.4 0.5 — 1987*.......................................... 14 7 7 — — 6 — 0.7 0.7 0.7 — 1986*.......................................... 12 6 6 — — — — 0.7 0.7 0.6 — 1985*.......................................... 18 10 8 — — 8 — 1.0 1.1 0.9 — 1984*.......................................... 18 7 10 — — — — 1.0 0.8 1.1 — 1983*.......................................... 23 10 13 — 6 11 — 1.3 1.2 1.4 — 1982*.......................................... 19 8 12 — 6 7 — 1.1 0.9 1.2 — 1981*.......................................... 23 11 11 — 7 10 — 1.3 1.4 1.2 — 1980*.......................................... 25 9 16 — 6 11 5 1.4 1.1 1.7 — 1979*.......................................... 21 7 13 — — 10 — 1.2 0.9 1.5 — 

Unspecified cirrhosis 

2007 ........................................... 39 19 20 — 3 21 14 1.6 1.6 1.6 — 2006 .......................................... 36 19 17 — 5 18 13 1.5 1.6 1.4 — 

2005 .......................................... 39 23 15 — — 21 15 1.7 2.0 1.3 — 2004 .......................................... 41 19 22 — — 21 17 1.8 1.7 1.8 — 2003 .......................................... 34 17 17 — — 18 13 1.5 1.5 1.4 — 
Table 1. Number and rate of discharges with principal (first-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnoses for U.S. population ages 15 

by sex and age group, 1979–2007. (Continued)

19

Number of discharges (in 1,000s) Rate per 10,000 

Diagnostic category 

and year Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

25–44 

years 

45–64 

years 

65+ 

years 

Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

2002 .......................................... 41 20 21 — 2 19 18 1.8 1.8 1.8 — 2001 .......................................... 34 13 21 — 5 14 16 1.5 1.2 1.8 — 2000 .......................................... 27 13 14 — 4 12 11 1.2 1.2 1.2 — 1999 .......................................... 29 11 18 — 5 12 12 1.3 1.1 1.6 — 1998 .......................................... 27 12 16 — — 13 13 1.3 1.1 1.4 — 1997 .......................................... 25 9 16 — — 10 13 1.2 0.9 1.4 — 1996 .......................................... 26 11 15 — — 9 14 1.3 1.1 1.4 — 1995 .......................................... 23 11 12 — — 9 13 1.1 1.1 1.1 — 1994 .......................................... 24 14 10 — — 10 10 1.2 1.5 0.9 — 1993 .......................................... 22 11 11 — — 7 12 1.1 1.1 1.1 — 1992 .......................................... 22 8 14 — — 8 11 1.1 0.9 1.3 — 1991 .......................................... 19 8 11 — — 6 11 1.0 0.9 1.0 — 1990 .......................................... 18 8 10 — — 8 8 0.9 0.9 1.0 — 1989 .......................................... 25 11 14 — — 11 10 1.3 1.2 1.4 — 1988 .......................................... 21 8 13 — — 8 10 1.1 0.9 1.3 — 1987*.......................................... 18 10 9 — — 10 6 1.0 1.1 0.9 — 1986*.......................................... 29 10 19 — — 13 12 1.6 1.2 1.9 — 1985*.......................................... 31 15 16 — — 14 14 1.7 1.7 1.6 — 1984*.......................................... 28 16 12 — — 12 13 1.6 1.9 1.3 — 1983*.......................................... 41 21 19 — 8 19 14 2.2 2.5 2.0 — 1982*.......................................... 42 23 19 — 7 21 14 2.3 2.7 2.0 — 1981*.......................................... 43 24 20 — 6 23 14 2.5 2.8 2.1 — 1980*.......................................... 50 29 21 — 7 27 15 2.8 3.5 2.3 — 1979*.......................................... 40 23 17 — 6 21 11 2.3 2.8 1.9 — 

Nondependent abuse of alcohol 

2007 .......................................... 41 30 12 5 13 20 — 1.7 2.5 1.0 1.3 2006 .......................................... 39 28 11 4 14 15 6 1.6 2.4 0.9 1.0 

2005 .......................................... 37 24 14 7 14 14 2 1.6 2.1 1.1 1.8 

2004 .......................................... 37 28 9 6 14 14 3 1.6 2.5 0.8 1.5 

2003 .......................................... 40 31 10 — 15 18 4 1.8 2.8 0.8 — 

2002 .......................................... 47 38 9 5 18 19 5 2.1 3.4 0.8 1.2 

2001 .......................................... 36 24 12 5 16 11 3 1.6 2.3 1.0 1.3 2000 .......................................... 38 25 13 — 19 12 3 1.7 2.3 1.2 — 

1999 .......................................... 35 25 10 5 18 9 3 1.6 2.4 0.9 1.2 

1998 .......................................... 33 23 10 3 17 11 — 1.6 2.3 0.9 0.9 1997 .......................................... 40 32 8 7 20 8 — 1.9 3.2 0.7 1.8 1996 .......................................... 28 20 8 — 12 9 — 1.3 2.0 0.7 — 1995 .......................................... 21 16 5 — 10 4 — 1.0 1.6 0.5 — 1994 .......................................... 24 18 5 5 12 4 — 1.2 1.9 0.5 1.3 1993 .......................................... 24 17 7 4 9 7 — 1.2 1.8 0.6 1.0 1992 .......................................... 30 19 11 9 12 8 — 1.5 2.0 1.0 2.3 1991 .......................................... 24 17 8 5 8 7 — 1.2 1.8 0.8 1.4 1990 .......................................... 24 18 6 6 11 5 — 1.2 1.9 0.6 1.6 1989 .......................................... 24 16 9 5 12 5 — 1.3 1.7 0.9 1.3 1988 .......................................... 28 17 11 8 11 6 — 1.5 1.9 1.1 2.1 1987*.......................................... 28 22 6 8 11 8 — 1.5 2.5 0.6 2.0 
Table 1. Number and rate of discharges with principal (first-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnoses for U.S. population ages 15 

by sex and age group, 1979–2007. (Continued)

20

Number of discharges (in 1,000s) Rate per 10,000 

Diagnostic category 

and year Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

25–44 

years 

45–64 

years 

65+ 

years 

Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

1986*.......................................... 39 29 11 9 19 9 — 2.1 3.2 1.1 2.2 1985*.......................................... 38 28 10 11 15 9 — 2.1 3.2 1.0 2.7 1984*.......................................... 35 25 10 9 14 8 — 1.9 2.9 1.0 2.4 1983*.......................................... 40 26 13 8 19 9 — 2.2 3.1 1.4 2.1 1982*.......................................... 46 31 15 10 19 13 — 2.5 3.6 1.6 2.5 1981*.......................................... 37 26 11 10 14 10 — 2.1 3.1 1.2 2.3 1980*.......................................... 36 24 12 8 14 10 — 2.1 2.9 1.3 2.0 1979*.......................................... 37 26 11 10 14 10 — 2.2 3.3 1.2 2.5 

* This is the period before implementation of a new sample design. Some of the differences between the 1979–1987 statistics and those of later years may 

 than changes in hospital utilization patterns. 

— There were fewer than 30 NHDS records for this cell of the table. Data are not reported because of questionable reliability. 
Table 2. Number and rate of discharges with any (all-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis for U.S. population ages 15 years and older by s

21

Number of discharges (in 1,000s) Rate per 10,000 

Diagnostic category 

and year Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

25–44 

years 

45–64 

years 

65+ 

years 

Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

Any alcohol-related diagnosis 

2007 ........................................... 1,668 1,123 545 92 515 796 265 69.6 96.4 44.3 21.8 2006 .......................................... 1,718 1,155 563 99 548 781 290 72.4 100.1 46.1 23.7 

2005 .......................................... 1,635 1,083 553 94 535 727 279 69.7 95.0 45.8 22.7 2004 .......................................... 1,650 1,096 554 101 536 726 287 71.2 97.6 46.4 24.5 2003 .......................................... 1,574 1,068 506 90 542 678 264 68.8 96.3 42.9 22.2 2002 .......................................... 1,514 1,039 476 90 554 616 254 66.9 94.8 40.7 22.5 2001 .......................................... 1,440 982 458 97 558 541 243 64.4 90.9 39.6 24.6 2000 .......................................... 1,368 941 427 87 546 519 217 62.0 88.3 37.4 22.4 1999 .......................................... 1,371 935 436 87 538 512 233 63.7 90.1 39.1 22.7 1998 .......................................... 1,366 923 443 78 567 496 225 64.1 89.8 40.1 20.7 1997 .......................................... 1,345 923 423 79 556 458 251 63.9 90.7 38.8 21.3 1996 .......................................... 1,342 938 404 72 594 438 238 64.3 93.2 37.4 19.6 1995 .......................................... 1,317 904 413 96 591 413 217 63.9 91.2 38.6 26.3 1994 .......................................... 1,300 919 381 90 582 412 215 63.8 93.8 36.0 24.7 1993 .......................................... 1,226 880 347 76 561 372 216 60.7 90.7 33.1 20.9 1992 .......................................... 1,175 814 361 90 515 357 213 58.8 84.9 34.7 24.6 1991 .......................................... 1,066 753 312 83 465 317 201 53.9 79.5 30.4 22.5 1990 .......................................... 1,021 717 304 86 432 314 189 52.1 76.4 29.8 23.0 1989 .......................................... 1,020 702 318 94 412 324 190 53.2 76.7 31.7 25.5 1988 .......................................... 979 670 309 102 390 315 172 51.4 73.8 31.0 27.1 1987*.......................................... 1,136 817 319 93 476 378 189 60.2 90.9 32.3 24.3 1986*.......................................... 1,198 847 351 96 497 406 199 64.1 95.2 35.9 24.8 1985*.......................................... 1,112 798 314 86 436 408 181 60.2 90.8 32.4 21.9 1984*.......................................... 1,084 752 331 81 421 391 191 59.3 86.7 34.6 20.4 1983*.......................................... 1,060 741 319 79 406 395 180 58.7 86.4 33.6 19.7 1982*.......................................... 1,093 781 312 91 410 415 177 61.2 92.1 33.3 22.3 1981*.......................................... 1,125 798 326 86 415 453 171 63.7 95.3 35.2 20.7 1980*.......................................... 1,092 781 311 74 395 454 170 62.7 94.5 34.0 17.8 1979*.......................................... 1,045 757 288 78 369 446 151 60.9 93.0 32.0 18.8 

Alcoholic psych oses

2007 .......................................... 351 259 92 13 128 176 35 14.7 22.3 7.5 3.0 2006 .......................................... 328 244 84 8 125 159 36 13.8 21.1 6.9 2.0 

2005 .......................................... 309 222 87 8 125 143 32 13.2 19.5 7.2 2.0 2004 .......................................... 298 215 83 10 113 139 36 12.9 19.1 7.0 2.5 2003 .......................................... 281 206 75 9 112 122 39 12.3 18.6 6.4 2.1 2002 .......................................... 287 218 69 8 125 116 38 12.7 19.9 5.9 2.1 2001 .......................................... 251 181 70 11 109 98 33 11.2 16.7 6.1 2.7 2000 .......................................... 251 187 64 9 117 95 30 11.4 17.5 5.6 2.3 1999 .......................................... 219 173 46 7 98 81 33 10.2 16.6 4.2 1.9 1998 .......................................... 222 170 51 4 99 86 33 10.4 16.6 4.7 1.1 1997 .......................................... 206 155 50 — 93 75 33 9.8 15.3 4.6 — 1996 .......................................... 203 155 48 — 92 66 42 9.7 15.4 4.4 — 1995 .......................................... 180 138 42 5 84 67 23 8.7 13.9 3.9 1.5 1994 .......................................... 198 162 37 4 83 80 31 9.7 16.5 3.5 1.2 1993 .......................................... 181 143 38 4 85 66 27 9.0 14.8 3.6 1.2 1992 .......................................... 162 129 33 5 74 56 28 8.1 13.5 3.2 1.4 1991 .......................................... 153 122 31 4 67 60 23 7.8 12.9 3.0 1.1 
Table 2. Number and rate of discharges with any (all-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis for U.S. population ages 15 ye

by sex and age group, 1979–2007. (Continued)

22

Number of discharges (in 1,000s) Rate per 10,000 

Diagnostic category 

and year Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

25–44 

years 

45–64 

years 

65+ 

years 

Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

1990 .......................................... 129 106 23 4 53 49 22 6.6 11.3 2.2 1.0 1989 .......................................... 130 100 30 5 52 49 24 6.8 10.9 3.0 1.3 1988 .......................................... 129 99 31 — 55 46 23 6.8 10.9 3.1 — 

1987*.......................................... 164 128 36 — 76 60 25 8.7 14.3 3.7 — 

1986*.......................................... 171 136 36 6 80 63 23 9.2 15.2 3.7 1.5 1985*.......................................... 160 129 31 7 73 58 21 8.7 14.7 3.2 1.7 1984*.......................................... 141 109 31 6 57 58 20 7.7 12.6 3.3 1.5 1983*.......................................... 116 93 22 — 49 45 17 6.4 10.9 2.3 — 

1982*.......................................... 130 103 26 — 55 54 17 7.3 12.2 2.8 — 

1981*.......................................... 142 114 28 6 58 61 17 8.1 13.6 3.0 1.4 

1980*.......................................... 129 101 28 — 57 57 13 7.4 12.2 3.1 — 

1979*.......................................... 115 97 18 — 44 53 15 6.7 11.9 2.0 — 

Alcohol dependence syndrome 

2007 .......................................... 769 552 217 32 275 382 80 32.1 47.4 17.6 7.6 2006 .......................................... 764 545 218 28 280 375 80 32.2 47.2 17.9 6.7 

2005 .......................................... 757 525 232 33 287 354 83 32.3 46.1 19.2 8.0 2004 .......................................... 764 530 234 39 283 344 97 33.0 47.2 19.6 9.6 2003 .......................................... 742 528 214 30 302 324 87 32.4 47.6 18.1 7.3 2002 .......................................... 767 553 213 38 329 313 86 33.9 50.5 18.3 9.6 2001 .......................................... 735 527 208 42 329 281 82 32.9 48.8 18.0 10.8 2000 .......................................... 727 526 201 38 332 275 83 33.0 49.4 17.6 9.7 1999 .......................................... 737 529 207 36 331 281 88 34.2 51.0 18.6 9.4 1998 .......................................... 759 552 207 38 371 270 80 35.6 53.7 18.8 10.0 1997 .......................................... 757 548 209 35 350 275 97 35.9 53.9 19.2 9.4 1996 .......................................... 787 592 195 39 392 259 97 37.8 58.8 18.1 10.5 1995 .......................................... 853 618 235 59 423 275 95 41.4 62.4 22.0 16.1 1994 .......................................... 775 578 197 49 390 247 90 38.0 59.0 18.6 13.3 

1993 .......................................... 752 568 183 44 393 228 87 37.2 58.6 17.5 12.1 1992 .......................................... 745 552 193 51 375 226 92 37.3 57.5 18.6 13.9 1991 .......................................... 654 491 164 46 332 192 85 33.1 51.8 15.9 12.6 1990 .......................................... 647 484 163 55 311 202 79 33.0 51.5 16.0 14.6 1989 .......................................... 646 481 165 65 302 196 84 33.7 52.5 16.5 17.6 1988 .......................................... 647 468 179 74 289 204 80 34.0 51.5 18.0 19.9 

1987*.......................................... 785 593 192 66 372 252 95 41.6 66.0 19.4 17.2 1986*.......................................... 828 621 208 72 390 271 95 44.3 69.8 21.2 18.5 1985*.......................................... 756 578 179 58 347 267 85 40.9 65.8 18.4 14.7 1984*.......................................... 760 557 204 61 333 273 93 41.6 64.2 21.3 15.5 1983*.......................................... 721 536 185 59 314 261 86 39.9 62.5 19.5 14.8 1982*.......................................... 749 567 182 67 313 277 92 41.9 66.8 19.4 16.3 1981*.......................................... 775 585 189 61 322 307 85 43.9 69.9 20.4 14.8 1980*.......................................... 746 573 173 51 307 303 85 42.8 69.3 18.9 12.4 1979*.......................................... 724 554 170 53 287 304 80 42.2 68.1 18.9 12.8 

All chronic liver disease  and cirrhosis 

2007 .......................................... 485 287 198 5 86 275 119 20.2 24.6 16.1 1.1 2006 .......................................... 507 297 210 7 98 269 132 21.3 25.7 17.2 1.7 
Table 2. Number and rate of discharges with any (all-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis for U.S. population ages 15 ye

by sex and age group, 1979–2007. (Continued)

23

Number of discharges (in 1,000s) Rate per 10,000 

Diagnostic category 

and year Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

25–44 

years 

45–64 

years 

65+ 

years 

Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

2005 .......................................... 477 281 196 5 82 256 135 20.3 24.7 16.3 1.1 2004 .......................................... 500 295 206 4 94 264 138 21.6 26.2 17.2 1.0 2003 .......................................... 458 275 183 4 81 248 125 20.0 24.8 15.5 0.9 2002 .......................................... 411 253 158 4 72 210 125 18.1 23.1 13.5 1.1 

2001 .......................................... 386 226 159 — 83 179 121 17.2 20.9 13.8 — 

2000 .......................................... 351 207 144 4 76 179 91 15.9 19.4 12.6 1.0 

1999 .......................................... 346 199 147 — 69 173 102 16.1 19.1 13.2 — 

1998 .......................................... 361 211 149 3 79 164 114 16.9 20.6 13.5 0.8 1997 .......................................... 330 197 133 2 76 131 120 15.7 19.4 12.2 0.7 

1996 .......................................... 346 209 136 — 86 147 110 16.6 20.8 12.6 — 1995 .......................................... 322 186 136 — 81 133 106 15.6 18.8 12.7 — 1994 .......................................... 328 198 130 — 87 133 105 16.1 20.2 12.3 — 1993 .......................................... 313 197 116 — 79 123 107 15.5 20.3 11.1 — 

1992 .......................................... 304 185 119 5 75 117 107 15.2 19.3 11.5 1.4 1991 .......................................... 275 168 107 3 71 106 94 13.9 17.7 10.4 0.8 1990 .......................................... 271 162 109 3 68 102 98 13.8 17.3 10.6 0.9 1989 .......................................... 293 167 126 8 67 117 100 15.2 18.2 12.5 2.2 

1988 .......................................... 259 151 108 — 67 109 79 13.6 16.6 10.8 — 1987*.......................................... 295 183 113 — 73 129 89 15.6 20.3 11.4 — 

1986*.......................................... 313 181 132 5 71 141 95 16.7 20.4 13.4 1.3 

1985*.......................................... 306 184 122 — 66 147 90 16.6 21.0 12.6 — 1984*.......................................... 304 185 119 — 75 125 101 16.7 21.4 12.4 — 

1983*.......................................... 317 192 125 7 77 140 93 17.6 22.4 13.2 1.7 

1982*.......................................... 309 191 119 — 79 143 82 17.3 22.5 12.6 — 

1981*.......................................... 325 194 131 7 77 156 86 18.4 23.2 14.1 1.6 1980*.......................................... 315 188 128 6 71 152 85 18.1 22.7 13.9 1.6 1979*.......................................... 299 185 114 7 68 152 72 17.4 22.7 12.6 1.6 

Alcoholic cirrhosis 

2007 .......................................... 223 162 61 — 46 147 30 9.3 13.9 5.0 — 2006 .......................................... 238 174 65 — 51 147 39 10.0 15.0 5.3 — 

2005 .......................................... 230 163 67 — 53 141 35 9.8 14.3 5.6 — 2004 .......................................... 239 176 63 — 61 136 42 10.3 15.7 5.3 — 2003 .......................................... 237 168 69 — 52 142 42 10.4 15.2 5.8 — 2002 .......................................... 204 157 47 — 48 117 37 9.0 14.3 4.1 — 2001 .......................................... 197 146 51 — 55 106 36 8.8 13.5 4.4 — 2000 .......................................... 198 138 60 — 52 112 32 9.0 12.9 5.2 — 1999 .......................................... 184 133 51 — 45 105 33 8.5 12.8 4.6 — 1998 .......................................... 188 138 50 — 56 94 38 8.8 13.5 4.5 — 1997 .......................................... 182 131 51 — 56 82 43 8.6 12.8 4.7 — 1996 .......................................... 200 145 55 — 61 98 41 9.6 14.4 5.1 — 1995 .......................................... 179 124 55 — 59 81 37 8.7 12.5 5.1 — 1994 .......................................... 193 138 55 — 61 87 45 9.5 14.1 5.2 — 1993 .......................................... 178 135 43 — 59 78 39 8.8 13.9 4.1 — 1992 .......................................... 167 125 42 — 55 73 37 8.4 13.0 4.1 — 1991 .......................................... 149 106 43 — 50 66 33 7.6 11.2 4.2 — 1990 .......................................... 150 109 41 — 49 62 37 7.6 11.6 4.0 — 1989 .......................................... 143 101 42 — 41 64 36 7.4 11.0 4.2 — 
Table 2. Number and rate of discharges with any (all-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis for U.S. population ages 15 ye

by sex and age group, 1979–2007. (Continued)

24

Number of discharges (in 1,000s) Rate per 10,000 

Diagnostic category 

and year Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

25–44 

years 

45–64 

years 

65+ 

years 

Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

1988 .......................................... 144 104 40 — 44 68 28 7.5 11.4 4.0 — 1987*.......................................... 163 118 46 — 49 79 33 8.7 13.1 4.6 — 1986*.......................................... 159 111 47 — 50 78 28 8.5 12.5 4.8 — 1985*.......................................... 152 104 48 — 46 78 27 8.2 11.8 5.0 — 1984*.......................................... 142 103 39 — 44 71 26 7.8 11.9 4.1 — 1983*.......................................... 140 101 39 — 48 65 24 7.7 11.8 4.1 — 1982*.......................................... 149 108 41 — 53 71 23 8.3 12.7 4.3 — 1981*.......................................... 152 105 47 — 47 75 27 8.6 12.5 5.1 — 

1980*.......................................... 137 98 39 — 45 65 26 7.8 11.8 4.3 — 1979*.......................................... 137 98 39 — 41 72 23 8.0 12.1 4.3 — 

Other specified cirrhosis 

2007 .......................................... 138 65 73 3 30 69 36 5.8 5.6 5.9 0.7 2006 .......................................... 129 53 77 5 35 59 30 5.4 4.6 6.3 1.2 

2005 .......................................... 111 46 65 4 21 53 32 4.7 4.0 5.4 1.0 2004 .......................................... 104 42 62 3 25 49 27 4.5 3.8 5.2 0.7 2003 .......................................... 105 48 56 2 20 56 27 4.6 4.4 4.8 0.6 2002 .......................................... 81 36 45 3 16 36 26 3.6 3.3 3.8 0.7 2001 .......................................... 80 39 40 — 20 35 24 3.6 3.6 3.5 — 2000 .......................................... 71 35 36 — 15 36 19 3.2 3.3 3.1 — 1999 .......................................... 76 37 39 — 13 39 24 3.5 3.5 3.5 — 1998 .......................................... 84 42 42 — 20 35 27 3.9 4.1 3.8 — 1997 .......................................... 71 32 39 — 14 28 28 3.4 3.2 3.6 — 1996 .......................................... 81 41 40 — 18 35 27 3.9 4.1 3.7 — 1995 .......................................... 70 31 39 — 19 26 25 3.4 3.1 3.7 — 1994 .......................................... 76 36 40 — 22 24 29 3.7 3.7 3.8 — 1993 .......................................... 68 35 34 — 14 28 25 3.4 3.6 3.2 — 1992 .......................................... 70 33 37 — 17 21 28 3.5 3.4 3.5 — 1991 .......................................... 74 38 36 — 19 28 26 3.7 4.1 3.5 — 1990 .......................................... 62 28 34 — 14 23 23 3.1 3.0 3.3 — 1989 .......................................... 72 29 43 — 20 27 20 3.7 3.2 4.3 — 1988 .......................................... 60 26 34 — 20 22 17 3.1 2.9 3.4 — 1987*.......................................... 69 35 34 — 17 28 21 3.6 3.8 3.4 — 1986*.......................................... 73 32 42 — 16 30 25 3.9 3.6 4.3 — 1985*.......................................... 70 35 35 — 16 32 19 3.8 4.0 3.6 — 1984*.......................................... 72 31 41 — 20 27 24 3.9 3.6 4.2 — 1983*.......................................... 78 36 42 — 19 33 23 4.3 4.2 4.5 — 1982*.......................................... 74 35 39 — 20 30 22 4.1 4.1 4.2 — 1981*.......................................... 74 34 40 — 17 35 18 4.2 4.0 4.3 — 1980*.......................................... 69 31 38 — 14 34 17 4.0 3.7 4.2 — 1979*.......................................... 61 26 34 — 15 27 15 3.5 3.2 3.8 — 

Unspecified cirrhosis 

2007 .......................................... 173 90 82 — 20 87 65 7.2 7.7 6.7 — 2006 .......................................... 184 93 91 — 16 92 75 7.8 8.0 7.5 — 

2005 .......................................... 176 96 80 — 13 85 77 7.5 8.4 6.7 — 2004 .......................................... 193 97 96 — 17 97 77 8.3 8.6 8.1 — 2003 .......................................... 165 87 78 — 17 79 68 7.2 7.8 6.6 — 
Table 2. Number and rate of discharges with any (all-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis for U.S. population ages 15 ye

by sex and age group, 1979–2007. (Continued)

25

Number of discharges (in 1,000s) Rate per 10,000 

Diagnostic category 

and year Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

25–44 

years 

45–64 

years 

65+ 

years 

Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

2002 .......................................... 160 82 78 — 11 73 74 7.1 7.5 6.6 — 

2001 .......................................... 143 64 79 — 16 57 69 6.4 5.9 6.9 — 2000 .......................................... 121 55 65 — 16 54 50 5.5 5.2 5.7 — 1999 .......................................... 121 52 69 — 17 51 53 5.6 5.0 6.2 — 1998 .......................................... 132 58 75 — 11 57 64 6.2 5.6 6.8 — 1997 .......................................... 106 49 57 — 13 33 60 5.0 4.8 5.2 — 1996 .......................................... 103 46 57 — 14 36 52 4.9 4.6 5.2 — 1995 .......................................... 103 48 55 — 10 41 52 5.0 4.8 5.2 — 1994 .......................................... 92 44 48 — 13 35 43 4.5 4.5 4.5 — 1993 .......................................... 91 42 48 — 11 29 51 4.5 4.4 4.6 — 1992 .......................................... 93 42 51 — 8 30 54 4.6 4.4 4.9 — 1991 .......................................... 78 39 39 — 9 25 44 3.9 4.1 3.8 — 1990 .......................................... 82 37 46 — 7 27 47 4.2 3.9 4.5 — 1989 .......................................... 104 49 55 — 12 38 52 5.4 5.4 5.5 — 1988 .......................................... 77 32 45 — 9 29 40 4.1 3.6 4.5 — 1987*.......................................... 87 43 44 — 10 36 41 4.6 4.8 4.4 — 1986*.......................................... 105 50 55 — 11 43 50 5.6 5.7 5.6 — 1985*.......................................... 108 57 51 — 8 49 50 5.8 6.5 5.2 — 1984*.......................................... 115 66 49 — 16 39 60 6.3 7.6 5.1 — 1983*.......................................... 125 69 56 — 17 54 53 6.9 8.0 5.9 — 

1982*.......................................... 113 65 48 — 16 52 44 6.4 7.7 5.2 — 

1981*.......................................... 121 66 55 — 17 57 46 6.9 7.9 5.9 — 1980*.......................................... 129 72 58 — 16 64 48 7.4 8.7 6.3 — 1979*.......................................... 116 70 46 — 15 62 37 6.7 8.6 5.1 — 

Nondependent abuse of alcohol 

2007 .......................................... 533 375 157 55 183 219 74 22.2 32.2 12.8 13.2 2006 .......................................... 595 421 175 65 205 235 90 25.1 36.4 14.3 15.4 

2005 .......................................... 540 374 166 57 198 209 76 23.0 32.8 13.8 13.6 2004 .......................................... 530 371 159 58 201 199 72 22.9 33.0 13.3 14.0 2003 .......................................... 510 360 150 55 197 191 68 22.3 32.5 12.7 13.6 2002 .......................................... 462 324 138 49 190 167 57 20.4 29.6 11.8 12.2 2001 .......................................... 453 325 128 53 192 152 56 20.3 30.0 11.1 13.3 2000 .......................................... 413 295 118 50 172 140 51 18.7 27.7 10.3 12.8 1999 .......................................... 406 291 115 50 176 127 53 18.9 28.0 10.3 12.9 1998 .......................................... 357 238 118 38 162 117 40 16.7 23.2 10.7 9.9 1997 .......................................... 364 256 108 42 170 104 48 17.3 25.1 10.0 11.4 1996 .......................................... 322 227 95 32 159 94 37 15.5 22.6 8.8 8.6 1995 .......................................... 246 173 73 35 129 56 26 11.9 17.5 6.8 9.6 1994 .......................................... 298 215 83 40 148 79 30 14.6 22.0 7.8 11.0 1993 .......................................... 251 183 68 30 130 63 28 12.4 18.9 6.4 8.3 1992 .......................................... 221 150 71 35 108 55 23 11.1 15.6 6.9 9.6 1991 .......................................... 204 144 60 33 97 47 27 10.3 15.2 5.8 9.0 1990 .......................................... 177 129 48 29 89 43 16 9.0 13.7 4.7 7.7 1989 .......................................... 142 96 46 22 72 33 15 7.4 10.5 4.6 6.0 1988 .......................................... 129 89 40 26 56 32 14 6.8 9.8 4.0 7.0 1987*.......................................... 114 84 30 24 50 28 12 6.0 9.4 3.0 6.2 
Table 2. Number and rate of discharges with any (all-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis for U.S. population ages 15 ye

by sex and age group, 1979–2007. (Continued)

26

Number of discharges (in 1,000s) Rate per 10,000 

Diagnostic category 

and year Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

25–44 

years 

45–64 

years 

65+ 

years 

Total Male Female 15–24 

years 

1986*.......................................... 116 84 31 20 56 27 12 6.2 9.5 3.2 5.2 1985*.......................................... 99 68 30 23 39 27 11 5.3 7.8 3.1 5.8 1984*.......................................... 76 53 22 17 33 20 6 4.1 6.2 2.3 4.2 1983*.......................................... 80 54 26 15 37 20 8 4.4 6.3 2.7 3.7 1982*.......................................... 89 60 28 20 37 24 8 5.0 7.1 3.0 4.9 1981*.......................................... 75 53 22 18 29 23 6 4.3 6.4 2.4 4.3 1980*.......................................... 74 52 23 16 29 20 9 4.3 6.3 2.5 3.9 1979*.......................................... 75 53 22 19 27 23 6 4.4 6.5 2.4 4.6 

* This is the period before implementation of a new sample design. Some of the differences between the 1979–1987 statistics and those of later years m

 than changes in hospital utilization patterns. 

— There were fewer than 30 NHDS records for this cell of the table. Data are not reported because of questionable reliability. 
Table 3. Average length of stay (in days) for discharges with principal (first-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis by sex and age 

27

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis Sex or age 

and year Alcoholic psychoses Alcohol dependence syndrome Any Alcoholic Other specified Un

U.S. Total 

2007 ........................................ 4.5 4.7 6.0 6.5 5.0 2006 ........................................ 4.7 4.7 5.5 5.4 5.6 

2005 ........................................ 4.6 4.7 5.9 5.8 5.0 2004 ........................................ 5.3 4.6 6.1 6.3 3.8 2003 ........................................ 5.3 4.9 5.9 6.1 5.4 2002 ........................................ 5.0 5.5 6.2 6.6 4.5 2001 ........................................ 5.3 5.1 6.4 6.6 5.2 2000 ........................................ 4.7 5.5 6.4 6.7 4.6 1999 ........................................ 5.1 5.1 6.1 5.8 7.1 1998 ........................................ 4.9 5.6 5.8 5.8 3.3 1997 ........................................ 5.7 6.3 7.2 7.8 4.1 1996 ........................................ 5.4 6.6 6.1 6.2 4.9 1995 ........................................ 5.3 7.0 7.8 7.5 12.9 1994 ........................................ 5.6 7.7 7.4 7.9 4.9 1993 ........................................ 5.4 8.2 8.5 9.0 5.5 1992 ........................................ 5.5 8.8 9.7 8.7 9.3 1991 ........................................ 6.4 9.1 8.4 8.6 6.7 1990 ........................................ 6.0 9.5 9.9 10.3 6.6 1989 ........................................ 6.1 10.3 10.0 12.0 5.4 1988 ........................................ 5.8 10.7 8.8 9.4 5.0 1987*....................................... 6.7 10.7 8.7 9.3 7.2 1986*....................................... 6.3 10.4 8.0 8.6 6.1 1985*....................................... 7.3 10.4 8.4 8.8 6.0 1984*....................................... 5.9 10.3 10.6 11.1 9.8 1983*....................................... 6.6 11.2 10.2 10.3 7.8 1982*....................................... 7.1 10.9 11.5 12.0 8.3 1981*....................................... 7.1 10.3 12.1 11.8 6.7 1980*....................................... 6.6 9.9 11.8 12.1 7.6 1979*....................................... 7.2 9.1 12.6 12.7 8.4 

Sex: male

2007 ........................................ 4.6 4.6 6.5 6.9 5.8 2006 ........................................ 4.6 4.7 5.6 5.3 7.5 

2005 ........................................ 4.7 4.7 5.8 6.0 — 2004 ........................................ 5.3 4.6 6.3 6.4 6.0 2003 ........................................ 5.1 4.5 6.0 6.3 5.0 2002 ........................................ 4.7 5.4 6.3 6.8 — 2001 ........................................ 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.1 — 2000 ........................................ 4.6 5.1 6.1 6.4 4.3 1999 ........................................ 4.9 4.9 5.5 5.5 — 1998 ........................................ 5.2 5.6 6.1 6.1 — 1997 ........................................ 5.7 5.9 7.3 7.1 — 1996 ........................................ 5.0 6.4 6.1 6.2 — 1995 ........................................ 5.2 6.8 7.1 7.6 — 1994 ........................................ 5.5 7.3 6.6 7.1 — 1993 ........................................ 5.6 8.0 8.7 8.3 5.9 1992 ........................................ 5.6 8.7 9.2 9.0 4.6 1991 ........................................ 6.1 8.7 8.0 8.4 8.4 
Table 3. Average length of stay (in days) for discharges with principal (first-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis by sex and age group

28

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis Sex or age 

and year Alcoholic psychoses Alcohol dependence syndrome Any Alcoholic Other specified Un

1990 ........................................ 6.1 9.5 10.7 10.8 6.5 1989 ........................................ 5.8 10.2 9.2 10.9 4.7 

1988 ........................................ 5.8 10.5 8.3 8.9 5.2 

1987*....................................... 7.0 10.3 7.7 8.0 5.7 1986*....................................... 6.4 10.2 7.0 7.4 5.3 1985*....................................... 5.6 10.4 8.0 8.1 6.7 1984*....................................... 6.1 10.0 10.6 10.4 11.7 1983*....................................... 6.7 10.9 10.2 9.6 8.9 1982*....................................... 7.2 10.3 10.4 11.0 5.8 1981*....................................... 7.2 10.1 11.4 10.6 6.3 1980*....................................... 6.4 9.8 11.6 11.8 6.6 1979*....................................... 6.6 9.1 11.6 11.3 7.6 

Sex: female 

2007 ........................................ 4.3 4.8 5.1 5.4 4.7 2006 ........................................ 4.8 4.7 5.5 5.6 4.6 

2005 ........................................ 4.6 4.6 6.1 5.2 5.0 2004 ........................................ 5.5 4.5 5.8 6.2 2.6 2003 ........................................ 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.5 5.7 2002 ........................................ 6.0 5.9 5.9 5.6 4.6 2001 ........................................ 5.8 5.1 7.0 8.1 6.2 2000 ........................................ 4.8 6.5 6.9 7.6 4.9 1999 ........................................ 5.6 5.6 6.9 6.7 8.4 1998 ........................................ 4.1 5.4 5.3 5.2 3.2 1997 ........................................ 5.5 7.3 7.1 9.6 3.7 1996 ........................................ 7.4 7.2 6.1 6.4 3.6 1995 ........................................ 5.5 7.5 8.6 7.2 14.2 1994 ........................................ 6.1 9.0 9.0 10.2 5.4 1993 ........................................ 4.4 9.0 8.1 11.0 5.1 1992 ........................................ 5.2 9.0 10.4 7.7 11.6 1991 ........................................ 8.4 10.3 8.9 9.1 5.6 1990 ........................................ 5.4 9.6 8.8 8.9 6.6 1989 ........................................ 7.4 10.5 10.8 14.2 6.1 1988 ........................................ 5.5 11.2 9.7 11.2 4.8 1987*....................................... 5.4 11.6 10.3 12.2 8.6 1986*....................................... 5.9 11.0 9.1 10.9 7.1 1985*....................................... 13.3 10.5 9.0 10.1 5.2 1984*....................................... 5.2 10.9 10.7 12.7 8.4 1983*....................................... 6.3 12.1 10.2 11.9 6.9 1982*....................................... 6.9 12.6 13.0 14.0 9.9 1981*....................................... 7.0 11.1 13.0 13.4 7.1 1980*....................................... 7.4 10.4 12.2 12.6 8.1 1979*....................................... 10.7 9.0 13.9 15.6 8.8 

Age: 15–24 years 

2007 ........................................ 3.7 5.3 — — — 2006 ........................................ 4.1 4.7 — — — 

2005 ........................................ 5.5 3.7 — — — 
Table 3. Average length of stay (in days) for discharges with principal (first-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis by sex and age group

29

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis Sex or age 

and year Alcoholic psychoses Alcohol dependence syndrome Any Alcoholic Other specified Un

2004 ........................................ — 4.6 — — — 2003 ........................................ — 6.7 — — — 2002 ........................................ 5.7 7.5 — — — 2001 ........................................ 4.7 5.0 — — — 

2000 ........................................ 3.8 6.7 — — — 

1999 ........................................ — 9.2 — — — 1998 ........................................ — 7.9 — — — 1997 ........................................ — 7.8 — — — 1996 ........................................ — 11.3 — — — 1995 ........................................ — 10.2 — — — 1994 ........................................ — 11.7 — — — 1993 ........................................ — 10.9 — — — 1992 ........................................ — 12.1 — — — 1991 ........................................ — 12.4 — — — 1990 ........................................ — 11.9 — — — 1989 ........................................ — 15.0 — — — 1988 ........................................ — 13.8 — — — 1987*....................................... — 13.2 — — — 1986*....................................... — 12.6 — — — 1985*....................................... — 13.4 — — — 1984*....................................... — 13.2 — — — 1983*....................................... — 13.6 — — — 1982*....................................... — 14.8 — — — 1981*....................................... — 11.9 — — — 1980*....................................... — 12.7 — — — 1979*....................................... — 9.8 — — — 

Age: 25–44 years 

2007 ........................................ 3.9 4.6 6.8 7.5 — 2006 ........................................ 4.6 4.5 5.5 5.4 — 

2005 ........................................ 4.2 5.1 5.0 5.6 — 2004 ........................................ 5.2 4.5 6.3 6.8 — 2003 ........................................ 4.9 4.7 5.6 5.7 — 2002 ........................................ 4.8 5.6 6.8 7.5 — 2001 ........................................ 4.8 5.0 6.1 6.3 — 2000 ........................................ 4.6 5.5 6.1 6.1 — 1999 ........................................ 4.2 4.8 6.1 5.4 — 1998 ........................................ 3.9 5.2 5.2 5.4 — 1997 ........................................ 5.1 5.4 7.7 8.4 — 1996 ........................................ 5.2 6.4 5.9 6.2 — 1995 ........................................ 4.9 6.6 6.2 6.8 — 1994 ........................................ 4.8 7.4 8.1 8.0 — 1993 ........................................ 4.7 7.7 7.9 7.7 — 1992 ........................................ 5.0 8.7 9.3 8.7 — 1991 ........................................ 5.6 9.1 8.5 8.7 — 1990 ........................................ 4.8 9.3 7.3 7.5 — 1989 ........................................ 5.8 10.0 8.9 11.2 4.2 1988 ........................................ 4.8 11.0 7.1 7.5 4.2 
Table 3. Average length of stay (in days) for discharges with principal (first-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis by sex and age group

30

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis Sex or age 

and year Alcoholic psychoses Alcohol dependence syndrome Any Alcoholic Other specified Un

1987*....................................... 5.3 10.5 8.1 9.4 — 1986*....................................... 5.7 9.8 6.7 7.9 — 1985*....................................... 5.6 10.3 7.5 8.3 — 1984*....................................... 5.6 9.8 8.8 9.0 — 1983*....................................... 6.2 11.0 8.8 8.1 8.5 

1982*....................................... 5.8 10.0 10.9 12.8 5.9 

1981*....................................... 6.3 9.8 8.4 8.4 5.3 1980*....................................... 6.1 9.1 9.8 10.8 8.7 1979*....................................... 6.1 9.4 10.9 11.7 — 

Age: 45–64 years 

2007 ........................................ 4.8 4.7 6.0 6.2 3.8 2006 ........................................ 4.7 4.6 5.2 5.1 5.3 

2005 ........................................ 4.9 4.2 6.3 5.8 5.8 2004 ........................................ 5.1 4.5 6.2 6.6 4.6 2003 ........................................ 5.5 4.7 6.0 6.4 5.6 2002 ........................................ 5.0 4.8 5.9 6.3 4.2 2001 ........................................ 5.9 5.0 6.5 6.7 — 2000 ........................................ 4.6 5.5 6.4 6.7 4.8 1999 ........................................ 6.1 4.6 5.7 5.6 — 1998 ........................................ 5.7 5.6 6.0 6.1 — 1997 ........................................ 4.9 7.1 7.1 6.9 — 1996 ........................................ 5.1 5.5 6.0 6.1 — 1995 ........................................ 5.2 6.8 8.9 7.7 — 1994 ........................................ 5.9 7.1 6.8 7.3 — 1993 ........................................ 5.9 8.2 7.8 9.2 3.5 1992 ........................................ 5.7 7.6 9.2 8.5 5.7 1991 ........................................ 7.1 8.2 7.6 8.4 4.9 1990 ........................................ 6.6 9.0 11.5 13.1 6.4 1989 ........................................ 6.0 8.1 11.1 13.4 4.9 1988 ........................................ 6.0 8.7 9.7 10.3 4.1 1987*....................................... 7.3 10.1 9.3 10.2 8.2 1986*....................................... 6.7 10.3 8.0 9.1 — 1985*....................................... 10.7 9.6 9.0 9.5 6.2 1984*....................................... 6.0 9.6 10.9 11.8 — 1983*....................................... 6.3 10.5 9.7 11.0 6.0 1982*....................................... 8.0 10.5 11.2 11.6 6.4 1981*....................................... 7.8 10.2 13.0 12.7 8.7 1980*....................................... 7.1 10.3 12.5 13.0 7.0 1979*....................................... 7.4 8.7 12.9 13.1 7.6 

Age: 65+ years 

2007 ........................................ 7.1 4.8 5.6 6.2 6.5 2006 ........................................ 4.4 6.5 6.5 6.6 — 

2005 ........................................ 5.5 6.3 5.6 6.0 — 2004 ........................................ 7.5 5.1 5.8 3.8 — 2003 ........................................ 6.9 7.2 6.0 5.4 — 2002 ........................................ 6.8 7.8 6.2 6.8 — 
Table 3. Average length of stay (in days) for discharges with principal (first-listed) mention of an alcohol-related diagnosis by sex and age group

31

Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis Sex or age 

and year Alcoholic psychoses Alcohol dependence syndrome Any Alcoholic Other specified Un

2001 ........................................ 6.1 5.8 6.4 7.2 — 2000 ........................................ 6.6 4.1 7.0 8.4 — 1999 ........................................ 6.2 6.4 6.9 7.4 — 1998 ........................................ 6.9 6.4 6.0 5.8 — 1997 ........................................ 10.5 7.9 7.0 8.9 — 1996 ........................................ 7.3 8.4 6.4 7.1 — 1995 ........................................ 6.1 7.3 7.2 8.0 — 1994 ........................................ 7.8 8.0 7.7 8.6 — 

1993 ........................................ 8.2 9.1 9.8 10.8 — 

1992 ........................................ 8.9 8.8 10.6 9.2 — 1991 ........................................ 8.3 9.4 9.3 8.9 — 1990 ........................................ 8.1 9.4 9.9 8.8 — 1989 ........................................ 8.1 11.8 8.9 9.3 — 1988 ........................................ 7.1 8.4 9.1 10.0 — 1987*....................................... 11.8 10.6 8.8 7.5 — 1986*....................................... 9.4 12.7 9.1 8.1 — 1985*....................................... 6.8 11.7 8.4 7.5 — 1984*....................................... 7.7 12.9 12.2 — — 1983*....................................... — 12.0 13.0 — — 1982*....................................... — 12.0 13.1 11.8 — 1981*....................................... 11.4 11.9 13.2 13.2 — 1980*....................................... — 9.8 12.9 12.0 8.1 1979*....................................... — 9.2 13.7 13.2 — 

Note: Values are rounded down to the first decimal place. * This is the period before implementation of a new sample design. Some of the differences between the 1979–1987 statistics and those of later years m

 than changes in hospital utilization patterns. — There were fewer than 30 NHDS records for this cell of the table. Data are not reported because of questionable reliability.