# F

L

O



# R

I

D

A

Division of Forestry

James R. Karels

Director 

# Silviculture Best Management Practices

2009 Implementation Survey Report

Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services



# CHARLES H. BRONSON

Commissioner1 

## R e s u l t s o f F l o r i d a ’ s

2 0 0 9 S i l v i c u l t u r e B M P I m p l e m e n t a t i o n S u r v e y

C o n d u c t e d b y t h e

F l o r i d a D e p a r t m e n t o f A g r i c u l t u r e a n d C o n s u m e r S e r v i c e s

D i v i s i o n o f F o r e s t r y

I n C o o p e r a t i o n w i t h F l o r i d a

F o r e s t L a n d o w n e r s a n d F o r e s t L a n d M a n a g e r s

F e b r u a r y

, 2 0 1 0

J e f f V o w e l l

, F o r e s t H y d r o l o g i s t

R o y L i m a

, W a t e r s h e d S p e c i a l i s t

C a t h y H a r d i n

, B M P F o r e s t e r

R o b i n H o l l a n d

, B M P F o r e s t e r

F o r m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n

, C o n t a c t :

F l o r i d a D i v i s i o n o f F o r e s t r y

3 1 2 5 C o n n e r B o u l e v a r d

T a l l a h a s s e e

, F l o r i d a 3 2 3 9 9

- 1 6 5 0

( 8 5 0 ) 4 1 4

- 9 9 6 92 E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y

I n 2 0 0 9

, t h e F l o r i d a D e p a r t m e n t o f A g r i c u l t u r e a n d C o n s u m e r S e r v i c e s D i v i s i o n o f F o r e s t r y ( D O F )

c o m p l e t e d t h e f

i f t e e n t h s t a t e w i d e S u r v e y o n S i l v i c u l t u r e B e s t M a n a g e m e n t P r a c t i c e s ( B M P s )

. B y

d e l e g a t i o n f

r o m t h e D e p a r t m e n t o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n

, t h e D O F i s t h e l e a d a g e n c y f o r s t a t e w i d e

d e v e l o p m e n t

, i m p l e m e n t a t i o n

, a n d m o n i t o r i n g o f s i l v i c u l t u r e B M P s

. T h i s S u r v e y f u l f i l l s t h e

i m p l e m e n t a t i o n m o n i t o r i n g e l e m e n t o f t h e D i v i s i o n ' s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r c o n t r o l l i n g s i l v i c u l t u r e r e l a t e d

s o u r c e s o f n o n p o i n t p o l l u t i o n

.

T h e S i l v i c u l t u r e B M P I m p l e m e n t a t i o n S u r v e y w a s i n i t i a t e d i n 1 9 8 1 a n d h a s s i n c e b e e n c o n d u c t e d

b i e n n i a l l y

. T h e p r i n c i p a l p u r p o s e o f t h e S u r v e y i s t o d e t e r m i n e t h e l e v e l o f i m p l e m e n t a t i o n w i t h F l o r i d a ' s

S i l v i c u l t u r e B M P s

. T h e S u r v e y i s c o n d u c t e d t h r o u g h o u t t h e s t a t e

, o n a r a n d o m s a m p l e o f r e c e n t f o r e s t r y

o p e r a t i o n s

. B o t h p u b l i c a n d p r i v a t e f o r e s t l a n d s t h a t m e e t t h e s e l e c t i o n c r i t e r i a a r e e l i g i b l e f o r t h e S u r v e y

.

T h e S u r v e y p r o c e s s i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e S o u t h e r n G r o u p o f S t a t e F o r e s t e r s ’

S I L V I C U L T U R E B E S T M A N A G E M E N T P R A C T I C E S I M P L E M E N T A T I O N M O N I T O R I N G

- A

F R A M E W O R K F O R S T

A T E F O R E S T R Y A G E N C I E S ( J u n e 2 0 0 2 )

. I n a d d i t i o n

, r e s u l t s f r o m a B M P

E f f e c t i v e n e s s S t u d y p u b l i s h e d i n 2 0 0 1 a n d 2 0 0 4

, u s e d t h e S u r v e y a s a m e a s u r e o f B M P

i m p l e m e n t a t i o n a n d s t r e a m b i o

- a s s e s s m e n t t e c h n i q u e s t o m e a s u r e w a t e r q u a l i t y

. T h e s t u d y

c o n c l u d e d t h a t w h e r e s i l v i c u l t u r e B M P s w e r e p r o p e r l y a p p l i e d ( a s m e a s u r e d b y t h e S u r v e y )

, w a t e r

q u a l i t y

, a q u a t i c h a b i t a t a n d o v e r a l l s t r e a m e c o s y s t e m h e a l t h w e r e p r o t e c t e d

.

T h e 2 0 0 9 B M P I m p l e m e n t a t i o n S u r v e y e v a l u a t e d 4

, 1 2 7 p r a c t i c e s o n 1 8 5 i n d i v i d u a l f o r e s t r y

o p e r a t i o n s ( s i t e s )

. T h i s c o o p e r a t i v e e f f o r t i n v o l v e d 8 6 i n d i v i d u a l p u b l i c a n d p r i v a t e n o n

- i n d u s t r i a l

l a n d o w n e r s a n d c o v e r e d 3 1

, 3 1 3 a c r e s i n 3 7 F l o r i d a c o u n t i e s

. F o r t y

- s e v e n s i t e s w e r e o n p r i v a t e n o n

i n d u s t r i a l f

o r e s t l a n d

, 1 2 2 o n i n d u s t r i a l f o r e s t l a n d

, a n d 1 6 o n p u b l i c f o r e s t l a n d s

.

T h e 2 0 0 9 S u r v e y r e p o r t e d t w o ( 2 ) i n s t a n c e s w h e r e t h e l a c k o f B M P i m p l e m e n t a t i o n c o n s t i t u t e d a

s i g n i f i c a n t r i s k t o w a t e r q u a l i t y

. T h e f o r e s t l a n d o w n e r i n e a c h i n s t a n c e w a s c o n t a c t e d a n d p r o v i d e d w i t h

r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s f

o r r e m e d i a l a c t i o n

. F o l l o w

- u p v i s i t s v e r i f i e d t h a t t h e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s w e r e f o l l o w e d

a n d t h e r i s k e l i m i n a t e d

.

F o r t h e 2 0 0 9 S u r v e y

, n o s i t e s s c o r e d b e l o w 7 9 % i n o v e r a l l B M P i m p l e m e n t a t i o n

. S e v e n t y

- n i n e

p e r c e n t o f t h e s i t e s s c o r e d 1 0 0 % i m p l e m e n t a t i o n f o r a p p l i c a b l e B M P s

. T h e r a n g e o f c o m p l i a n c e s c o r e s

w a s 7 9 % t o 1 0 0 %

, a n d t h e a v e r a g e f o r o v e r a l l B M P c o m p l i a n c e w a s 9 8

. 1 %

, a s l i g h t d e c r e a s e f r o m 9 8

. 6 %

i n 2 0 0 7

. T h e a v e r a g e c o m p l i a n c e f o r t h e 2 9 y e a r p e r i o d s i n c e 1 9 8 1 i s 9 4 %

, a n d a t o t a l o f 2

, 5 5 0 i n d i v i d u a l

f o r e s t r y o p e r a t i o n s h a v e b e e n s u r v e y e d d u r i n g t h e p e r i o d o f r e c o r d

.3 I N T R O D U C T I O N

F l o r i d a ' s S i l v i c u l t u r e B e s t M a n a g e m e n t P r a c t i c e s ( B M P ) P r o g r a m w a s e s t a b l i s h e d a s a r e s u l t o f

t h e 1 9 7 2 F e d e r a l C l e a n W a t e r A c t

. T h i s p r o g r a m i s d i r e c t e d a t c o n t r o l l i n g n o n p o i n t s o u r c e ( N P S )

p o l l u t i o n a s s o c i a t e d w i t h f o r e s t r y o p e r a t i o n s

, t h r o u g h t h e u s e o f B M P s

. U n d e r d e l e g a t i o n b y t h e

D e p a r t m e n t o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n ' s S t a t e W a t e r Q u a l i t y P r o g r a m

, t h e D i v i s i o n o f F o r e s t r y i s

r e s p o n s i b l e f

o r t h e d e v e l o p m e n t

, i m p l e m e n t a t i o n

, a n d m o n i t o r i n g o f f o r e s t r y B M P s i n F l o r i d a

. T h e

p u r p o s e o f t h i s r e p o r t i s t o p r e s e n t t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e m o s t r e c e n t i m p l e m e n t a t i o n m o n i t o r i n g

, a s

d e t e r m i n e d b y t h e 2 0 0 9 B M P I m p l e m e n t a t i o n S u r v e y

.

B M P D e v e l o p m e n t

F l o r i d a ' s f

i r s t S i l v i c u l t u r e B M P M a n u a l [ 1 ] w a s p u b l i s h e d i n 1 9 7 9 a n d w a s m o s t r e c e n t l y

r e v i s e d i n 2 0 0 8

. T h e B M P r e v i s i o n p r o c e s s i s c o n d u c t e d b y a T e c h n i c a l A d v i s o r y C o m m i t t e e

c o m p o s e d o f r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s f r o m s t a t e a n d f

e d e r a l g o v e r n m e n t

, f

o r e s t i n d u s t r y

, p r i v a t e n o n

- i n d u s t r i a l

l a n d o w n e r s

, e n v i r o n m e n t a l g r o u p s a n d a c a d e m i a [ 2 ]

. T h e B M P M a n u a l [ 3 ] c o n t a i n s 1 4 3 i n d i v i d u a l

p r a c t i c e s w i t h i n 1 4 B M P c a t e g o r i e s

, i n c l u d i n g " S p e c i a l M a n a g e m e n t Z o n e s " a n d “ W e t l a n d s ” t h a t

p r o t e c t o v e r a l l e c o s y s t e m i n t e g r i t y a n d w i l d l i f e h a b i t a t

, a s w e l l a s w a t e r q u a l i t y

. I n a d d i t i o n

, t h e

T e c h n i c a l A d v i s o r y C o m m i t t e e c o n t i n u e s t o m e e t r e g u l a r l y t o c o n s i d e r r e v i s i o n s t o t h e M a n u a l a n d

p r o v i d e i n p u t f

o r t h e o v e r a l l B M P p r o g r a m

. T h e m o s t r e c e n t m e e t i n g w a s M a y 2 7

, 2 0 0 9 a t w h i c h t i m e

a B M P s t a t u s a n d p r o g r e s s r e p o r t w a s p r e s e n t e d i n a d d i t i o n t o a T M D L u p d a t e f r o m t h e F l o r i d a

D e p a r t m e n t o f E n v i r o n m e n t a l P r o t e c t i o n ( D E P )

.

B M P I m p l e m e n t a t i o n

I m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f s i l v i c u l t u r e B M P s i n F l o r i d a i s p r i m a r i l y d o n e u n d e r a n e d u c a t i o n a l f o r m a t

, d e s i g n e d t o t r a n s f

e r B M P t e c h n o l o g y t o f o r e s t p r a c t i t i o n e r s t h r o u g h w o r k s h o p s a n d f i e l d

d e m o n s t r a t i o n s

. T h e I m p l e m e n t a t i o n p r o g r a m i s o n

- g o i n g

, w i t h w o r k s h o p s r o u t i n e l y p r o v i d e d u p o n

r e q u e s t

, o r a s d e e m e d n e c e s s a r y b a s e d o n m o n i t o r i n g r e s u l t s

. C u r r e n t l y

, D O F p e r s o n n e l c o n d u c t 2 5 t o

3 0 w o r k s h o p s / d e m o n s t r a t i o n s a n n u a l l y

, i n v o l v i n g a p p r o x i m a t e l y 7 5 0 p a

r t i c i p a n t s p e r y e a

r

. I n a d d i t i o n

,

t h e D O F p r o v i d e s B M P t r a i n i n g d i r e c t l y t o l o g g e r s t h r o u g h t h e F l o r i d a F o r e s t r y A s s o c i a t i o n ’ s M a s t e r

L o g g e r P r o g r a m a n d t h r o u g h t h e S o u t h e a s t e r n W o o d P r o d u c e r s A s s o c i a t i o n

. T o d a t e

, a p p r o x i m a t e l y

4 9 4 l o g g e r s h a v e b e c o m e M a s t e r L o g g e r

s o f w h i c h 3 5 h a v e o b t a i n e d M a s t e r L o g g e r + P l u s s t a t u s

. A

t o t a l o f 7 5 8 M a s t e r L o g g e r s h a v e c o m p l e t e d a n a d d i t i o n a l s i x

- h o u r B M P C o n t i n u i n g E d u c a t i o n C o u r s e

.

B M P M o n i t o r i n g

S i n c e 1 9 8 1

, t h e D i v i s i o n o f F o r e s t r y h a s m o n i t o r e d f o r e s t r y o p e r a t i o n s f

o r c o m p l i a n c e w i t h

B M P s b y c o n d u c t i n g b i e n n i a l “ S u r v e y s ”

. T h e “ S u r v e y ” c o n s i s t s o f e v a l u a t i n g a r a n d o m s a m p l e o f

f o r e s t r y o p e r a t i o n s f

o r c o m p l i a n c e w i t h a l l a p p l i c a b l e B M P s

. F o r e s t r y o p e r a t i o n s m e e t i n g s p e c i f i c

c r i t e r i a o n b o t h p u b l i c a n d p r i v a t e l a n d s a r e e l i g i b l e f o r t h e S u r v e y

. F o r t h e p e r i o d o f r e c o r d t h r o u g h

2 0 0 9

, t h e D O F h a s e v a l u a t e d o v e r 2

, 0 0 0 i n d i v i d u a l f o r e s t r y o p e r a t i o n s a n d r e c o r d e d s t a t e w i d e

c o m p l i a n c e r a n g i n g f

r o m 8 4 % ( 1 9 8 5 ) t o 9 8

. 1 % ( 2 0 0 9 )

. F o r t h e p e r i o d o f r e c o r d

, t h e c u m u l a t i v e

s t a t e w i d e a v e r a g e f

o r o v e r a l l c o m p l i a n c e w i t h S i l v i c u l t u r e B M P s i s 9 4 %

.4

T h e 2 0 0 9 S u r v e y w a s t h e D O F ’ s f i f t e e n t h s t a t e w i d e B M P m o n i t o r i n g e f f o r t s i n c e 1 9 8 1

. I n

a d d i t i o n

, a B M P E f

f e c t i v e n e s s s t u d y w a s i n i t i a t e d i n 1 9 9 6

, u s i n g t h e S u r v e y a s a m e a s u r e o f B M P

i m p l e m e n t a t i o n a n d F l o r i d a ’ s S t r e a m C o n d i t i o n I n d e x [ 4 ] a s t h e p r i n c i p a l m e a s u r e o f w a t e r q u a l i t y

. T h e s t u d y e v a l u a t e d B M P e f f e c t i v e n e s s d u r i n g s i l v i c u l t u r e o p e r a t i o n s i n c l u d i n g c l e a r c u t h a r v e s t i n g

, i n t e n s i v e m e c h a n i c a l s i t e p r e p a r a t i o n

, a n d f o r e s t c h e m i c a l ( h e r

b i c i d e s a n d f

e r t i l i z e r ) a p p l i c a t i o n

. U p o n

c o m p l e t i o n

, t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e s t u d y s h o w e d t h a t p r o p e r l y a p p l i e d s i l v i c u l t u r e B M P s w e r e e f f e c t i v e i n

p r o t e c t i n g w a t e r q u a l i t y

, a q u a t i c h a b i t a t

, a n d o v e r a l l s t r e a m e c o s y s t e m h e a l t h [ 5

, 6 ]

.

S U R V E Y P R O C E D U R E

S a m p l i n g I n t e n s i t y a n d S i t e S e l e c t i o n

T h e B M P C o m p l i a n c e S u r v e y i s c o n d u c t e d i n a l l F l o r i d a c o u n t i e s w h e r e a n y l e v e l o f b o n a

- f i d e

S i l v i c u l t u r e a c t i v i t y i s r e p o r t e d o r o b s e r v e d

. H o w e v e r

, t h e 2 0 0 9 S u r v e y w a s l i m i t e d t o t h e 3 7 c o u n t i e s

f r o m a l i n e n o r t h o f C i t r u s C o u n t y

, S u m t e r C o u n t y

, L a k e C o u n t y

, a n d S e m i n o l e C o u n t y ( F i g u r e 1 )

. R e c e n t S u r v e y s s h o w e d a s i g n i f i c a n t l y d i m i n i s h i n g n u m b e r o f q u a l i f y i n g s i t e s i n c o u n t i e s s o u t h o f t h i s

l i n e

, s o t h e s e m o r e “ s o u t h e r n c o u n t i e s ” w i l l b e e v a l u a t e d d u r i n g a l t e r n a t i n g S u r v e y s

.

A s i n p r e v i o u s S u r v e y s

, e a c h c o u n t y w i t h i n t h e 2 0 0 9 s a m p l e a r e a w a s a s s i g n e d a s a m p l i n g

“ g o a l ” ( n u m b e r o f S u r v e y s i t e s ) p r o p o r t i o n a t e t o t h a t c o u n t y ’ s a v e r a g e a n n u a l t i m b e r r e m o v a l [ 7 ]

. T h u s

, t h e m o r e t i m b e r r e m o v e d

, t h e h i g h e r t h e “ g o a l ” a s s i g n e d t o t h e c o u n t y

. F o r e x a m p l e

, t h e h i g h

l e v e l o f t i m b e r r e m o v a l i n T a y l o r C o u n t y r e s u l t e d i n a g o a l o f 1 1 s i t e s

, c o m p a r e d t o G u l f C o u n t y ’ s

r e l a t i v e l y l o w t i m b e r r e m o v a l s a n d a g o a l o f t w o s i t e s

. I n a d d i t i o n

, i n o r d e r t o s a m p l e a s m u c h o f t h e

s t a t e ' s g e o g r a p h i c a r e a a s p o s s i b l e

, a l l c o u n t i e s s h o w i n g a n y t i m b e r h a r v e s t a c t i v i t y

, w e r e a s s i g n e d a

g o a l o f a t l e a s t o n e s i t e

. T h i s r e s u l t e d i n a t o t a l

, g o a l o f 1 8 5 s i t e s d i s t r i b u t e d a m o n g 3 7 c o u n t i e s f o r t h e

2 0 0 9 C o m p l i a n c e S u r v e y [ A p p e n d i x T a b l e 1 ]

.

C a n d i d a t e s i t e s f

o r t h e 2 0 0 9 S u r v e y w e r e s e l e c t e d u s i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g c r i t e r i a : ( 1 ) t h e o p e r a t i o n

b e i n g e v a l u a t e d m u s t b e b o n a

- f i d e S i l v i c u l t u r e

, ( 2 ) t h e S i l v i c u l t u r e t r e a t m e n t b e i n g e v a l u a t e d m u s t h a v e

o c c u r r e d w i t h i n t h e p a s t 2 y e a r s

, a n d ( 3 ) s o m e p a r t o f t h e t r e a t m e n t m u s t h a v e o c c u r r e d w i t h i n 3 0 0 f e e t

o f a s t r e a m

, w e t l a n d

, s i n k h o l e o r l a k e ( 2 a c r e s o r l a r g e r )

, o r w i t h i n a w e t l a n d t y p e l i s t e d i n t h e B M P

M a n u a l

. T h e s e c r i t e r i a p r o v i d e f o r S u r v e y s i t e s w h e r e t h e g r e a t e s t p o t e n t i a l f o r f o r e s t r y

- r e l a t e d n o n

p o i n t s o u r c e ( N P S ) p o l l u t i o n e x i s t s

, a n d w h e r e a n y s u c h i m p a c t s a r e s t i l l d i s c e r n a b l e a n d m e a s u r a

b l e a t

t h e t i m e o f t h e S u r v e y

.

S i t e s f o r t h e 2 0 0 9 S u r v e y w e r e s e l e c t e d b y D O F ’ s B M P F o r e s t e r s f r o m f i x e d

- w i n g a i r c r a f

t

, f l y i n g r a n d o m l y s e l e c t e d t o w n s h i p a n d r a n g e l i n e s a t a l t i t u d e s r a n g i n g f r o m 8 0 0

- 1 2 0 0 f

e e t

. T h i s p a t t e r n

w a s f l o w n f o r e a c h c o u n t y u n t i l t h e e s t a b l i s h e d g o a l w a s a t t a i n e d t o m i n i m i z e s a m p l e b i a s a n d t o

m a x i m i z e t h e d i v e r s i t y o f o w n e r s h i p s a n d p h y s i o g r a p h i c a r e a s w i t h i n t h e s a m p l e

. I n a r e a s w h e r e

a i r c r a f t w e r e n o t a v a i l a b l e

, c a n d i d a t e s i t e s w e r e s e l e c t e d f r o m t h e g r o u n d

, a s s i g n e d a n u m b e r

, a n d t h e n

d r a w n r a n d o m l y

. B y t h e s e m e t h o d s

, c a n d i d a t e s i t e s w e r e i d e n t i f i e d i n 3 7 c o u n t i e s i n t h e s p r i n g / s u m m e r

o f 2 0 0 9

. U p o n v e r i f

i c a t i o n o f g r o u n d c o n d i t i o n s o n t h e c a n d i d a t e s i t e s

, 1 8 5 s i t e s i n 3 7 c o u n t i e s w e r e

c o n f i r m e d a s m e e t i n g t h e q u a l i f y i n g c r i t e r i a ( F i g u r e 1 )

.

I n a d d i t i o n t o s i t e s i d e n t i f i e d a s b o n a

-

f i d e S i l v i c u l t u r e

, t h e B M P F o r e s t e r s a l s o o b s e r v e d s i t e s

f r o m D i v i s i o n o f F o r e s t r y f i x e d

- w i n g e d a i r c r a f

t w h i c h a p p e a r e d t o b e l e g i t i m a t e f o r e s t r y o p e r a t i o n s b u t5

a f t e r c l o s e i n s p e c t i o n o n t h e g r o u n d

, t h e s i t e s r e v e a l e d a c t i v i t y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h l a n d c l e a r i n g a n d / o r

d e v e l o p m e n t a c t i v i t i e s

. T h e r e w e r e a t o t a l o f 4 5 s u c h s i t e s c o v e r i n g 3 7 c o u n t i e s

.

S i t e E v a l u a t i o n

A f t e r b e i n g s e l e c t e d a n d v e r i f i e d f o r t h e S u r v e y

, e a c h s i t e w a s e v a l u a t e d f o r c o m p l i a n c e w i t h a l l

a p p l i c a b l e B M P s

. T h e e v a l u a t i o n w a s c o n d u c t e d i n t h e f i e l d b y p r o f

e s s i o n a l l y t r a i n e d B M P F o r e s t e r s6

w i t h o v e r s i g h t b y t h e D O F ’ s W a t e r s h e d S p e c i a l i s t

. T h e B M P F o r e s t e r s w e r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r c o n t a c t i n g

l a n d o w n e r s p r i o r t o v i s i t i n g e a c h s i t e t o s e c u r e a c c e s s a n d t o s o l i c i t t h e i r p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n t h e S u r v e y

.

A c t u a l f i e l d e v a l u a t i o n s w e r e c o n d u c t e d o n l y o n t h o s e 2 0 0 9 S u r v e y s i t e s t h a t m e t t h e s e l e c t i o n

c r i t e r i a

, a n d w h e r e s i l v i c u l t u r e a c t i v i t i e s w e r e b o n a

- f i d e

. T i m b e r h a r v e s t i n g a s s o c i a t e d w i t h l a n d

c l e a r i n g o p e r a t i o n s i n t e n d e d f o r d e v e l o p m e n t o r o t h e r n o n

- f o r e s t r y l a n d u s e s w e r e n o t i n c l u d e d i n t h e

S u r v e y

. T h e p r o c e s s o f e v a l u a t i n g e a c h s i t e i n v o l v e d o b s e r v i n g a s m u c h o f t h e t r e a t e d a r e a a s p o s s i b l e

a n d c o m p l e t i n g t h e S u r v e y f i e l d q u e s t i o n n a i r e [ A p p e n d i x T a b l e 2 ]

. T h e q u e s t i o n n a i r e c o n s i s t s o f 1 4 3

s p e c i f i c

, Y E S / N O q u e s t i o n s d i r e c t l y r e l a t e d t o B M P i m p l e m e n t a t i o n

. A l l a n s w e r s w e r e b a s e d o n

p h y s i c a l o n

- s i t e e v i d e n c e w i t h n o a s s u m p t i o n s m a d e a b o u t f u t u r e a c t i v i t i e s

.

B M P i m p l e m e n t a t i o n w a s e v a l u a t e d a n d s c o r e d a t t h r e e l e v e l s o n e a c h s i t e : ( 1 ) i n d i v i d u a l

p r a c t i c e ( s ) ; ( 2 ) c a t e g o r i e s o f p r a c t i c e s ; a n d ( 3 ) o v e r a l l

. F o r a n i n d i v i d u a l p r a c t i c e

, i m p l e m e n t a t i o n w a s

r e c o r d e d a s e i t h e r a Y

E S

, N O o r N O T A P P

L I C A B L E

. F o r c a t e g o r i e s o f p r a c t i c e s

, s u c h a s F o r e s t R o a d s

o r S t r e a m C r o s s i n g s

, a n d f o r t h e o v e r a l l s c o r e

, i m p l e m e n t a t i o n w a s e x p r e s s e d a s a p e r c e n t o f a l l

a p p l i c a b l e B M P s

. H e n c e

, e a c h S u r v e y s i t e w a s g i v e n a c o m p l i a n c e s c o r e b e t w e e n 0 % a n d 1 0 0 % f o r

e a c h a p p l i c a b l e B M P c a t e g o r y a n d f o r t h e o v e r a l l s i t e

.

I n a d d i t i o n

, e a c h i n c i d e n c e o f n o n

- c o m p l i a n c e a t t h e p r a c t i c e l e v e l w a s f u r t h e r e v a l u a t e d i n

t e r m s o f " s i g n i f

i c a n t r i s k " t o w a t e r q u a l i t y

. S i g n i f i c a n t r i s k i s d e f

i n e d a s " a s i t u a t i o n o r s e t o f

c o n d i t i o n s w h e r e n o n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h B M

P s h a s r e s u l t e d

, o r m a y r e s u l t

, i n t h e m e a s u r

a b l e a n d

s i g n i f i c a n t d e g r a d a t i o n o f p h y s i c a l

, c h e m i c a l

, o r b i o l o g i c a l i n t e g r i t

y o f w a t e r q u a l i t

y

, t o t h e e x t e n t t h a t

i t p r e s e n t s a n i m m i n e n t a n d s u b s t a n t i a l d a n g e r t o t h e d e s i g n a t e d b e n e f i c i a l u s e

. W h e r e a s i g n i f

i c a n t

r i s k h a s b e e n i d e n t i f

i e d

, t h e o b s e r v e r m a

k e s r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s t o t h e l a n d o w n e r f o r c o r r e c t i v e m e a s u r e s

. A f t e r a r e a s o n a b l e p e r i o d o f t i m e

, a f o l l o w u p s i t e e v a l u a t i o n i s m a d e t o a s s e s s c o m p l i a n c e w i t h t h e s e

m e a s u r e s

. W i l l f

u l n o n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s w i l l i n i t i a t e r e f e r r a l t o t h e a p p r o p r i a t e

r e g u l a t o r y a g e n c y f

o r e n f o r c e m e n t a c t i o n

.

D I S C U S S I O N O F R E S U L T S

F o r t h e 2 0 0 9 B M P I m p l e m e n t a t i o n S u r v e y

, B M P F o r e s t e r s e v a l u a t e d 4

, 1 2 7 p r a c t i c e s

, o n 1 8 5

i n d i v i d u a l f

o r e s t r y o p e r a t i o n s

, i n 3 7 F l o r i d a c o u n t i e s

. O f t h e i n d i v i d u a l p r a c t i c e s e v a l u a t e d

, 4

, 0 4 8

( 9 8

. 1 % ) w e r e f

o u n d t o b e i n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h

B M P s

. T h i s l e v e l o f c o m p l i a n c e i s a s l i g h t

d e c r e a s e o f 0

. 5 0 % o v e r t h e p r e v i o u s S u r v e y

. ( F i g u r e 2 )

.

S t a t i s t i c a l A n a l y s i s

A s i n p r e v i o u s S u r v e y s

, t h e p r a c t i c e s

e v a l u a t e d r e p r e s e n t o n l y a s a m p l e o f a l l

f o r e s t r y o p e r a t i o n s t h a t m e t t h e q u a l i f y i n g

c r i t e r i a f o r 2 0 0 9

. I n t h a t r e g a r d

, t h e S u r v e y

r e p r e s e n t s a n e s t i m a t e o f t h e a c t u a l

, s t a t e w i d e

c o m p l i a n c e w i t h s i l v i c u l t u r e B M P s

. B a s e d

o n t h e s a m p l i n g p r o c e d u r e e m p l o y e d [ 8 ]

, t h e

f o l l o w i n g s t a t i s t i c a l p r o p e r t i e s a r e a t t r i b u t a b l e F i g u r e 2

. B M P I m p l e m e n t a t i o n

b y S u r v e y Y e a r

8 0 8 5 9 0 9 5 1 0 0

1 9 8 1

1 9 8 3

1 9 8 5

1 9 8 7

1 9 8 9

1 9 9 1

1 9 9 3

1 9 9 5

1 9 9 7

1 9 9 9

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S u r v e y Y e a rCompliance%7

t o t h e S u r v e y d a t a a n d e x p r e s s t h e q u a l i t y o f t h e e s t i m a t e :

E s t i m a t e o f I m p l e m e n t a t i o n ( f ) : S t a n d a r d E r r o r ( s e ) : 9 5 % C o n f i d e n c e I n t e r v a l ( c i ) :

f

= B M P s i n c o m

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. 6 8 %

- 9 8

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F o r 2 0 0 9

, t h e e s t i m a t e o f B M P i m p l e m e n t a t i o n f o r t h e 3 7 c o u n t y a r e a ( f

) i s 9 8

. 1 %

, w i t h a n

e s t i m a t e d s t a n d a r d e r r o r ( s e ) o f 0

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. U s i n g t h e 9 5 % c o n f i d e n c e i n t e r v a l ( c i )

, t h e d a t a i n d i c a t e s t h a t

9 5 % o f t h e t i m e i t i s r e a s o n a b l e t o e x p e c t

c o m p l i a n c e w i t h B M P s t o b e a t l e a s t 9 7

. 7 % b u t

n o t m o r e t h a n 9 8

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.

I m p l e m e n t a t i o n s c o r e s f

o r i n d i v i d u a l S u r v e y

s i t e s i n 2 0 0 9 r a n g e d f

r o m a l o w o f 7 9 % t o a h i g h

o f 1 0 0 %

. F i g u r e 3 s h o w s t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f

s c o r e s f o r i n d i v i d u a l S u r v e y s i t e s w i t h i n s e v e r a l

c a t e g o r i e s o f i m p l e m e n t a t i o n

.

S c o r e s f o r i n d i v i d u a l B M P c a t e g o r i e s r a n g e d

f r o m 8 7 % f

o r P u b l i c L a n d s t o 1 0 0 % f o r C a n a l s

, S i n k h o l e s

, P e s t i c i d e a n d / o r F e r t i l i z e r U s e

, W e t

W e a t h e r O p e r a t i o n s

, a n d E m e r g e n c y O p e r a t i o n s

. A n o t a b l e d e c r e a s e o c c u r r e d f r o m t h e 2 0 0 7

S u r v e y f

o r F i r e l i n e C o n s t r u c t i o n (

- 5

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. ( A p p e n d i x T a b l e 2 )

.

T h e n u m b e r o f i n d i v i d u a l p r a c t i c e s e v a l u a t e d i n 2 0 0 9 d e c r e a s e d f r o m t h e 2 0 0 7 S u r v e y d u e t o a

r e d u c t i o n i n t h e n u m b e r o f c o u n t i e s s a m p l e d

. H o w e v e r

, i n c r e a s e s i n t h e n u m b e r o f p r a c t i c e s e v a l u a t e d

w e r e n o t e d f

o r S p e c i a l M a n a g e m e n t Z o n e s ( 6 0 0 t o 6 4 0 )

, S i n k h o l e s ( 1 0 t o 1 7 )

, a n d W e t W e a t h e r

O p e r a t i o n s ( 7 t o 6 1 )

.

S i t e C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s

A s i n a l l p r e v i o u s S u r v e y s

, p i n e f l a t w o o d s w i t h p o o r l y d r a i n e d s o i l s

, w h i c h c h a r a c t e r i z e a l a r g e

p o r t i o n o f F l o r i d a ' s l a n d s c a p e

, d o m i n a t e d t h e p h y s i o g r a p h i c t y p e s e v a l u a t e d i n 2 0 0 9

. S e v e n t y

- n i n e

p e r c e n t o f t h e s i t e s e v a l u a t e d w e r e p i n e p l a n t a t i o n s

, 1 4 % o f t h e s i t e s w e r e r e p o r t e d a s n a t u r a l

p i n e / h a r d w o o d m i x

, a n d 7 % w e t l a n d s

. S o i l e r o d i b i l i t y w a s r e p o r t e d a s h i g h o n 5 % o f t h e S u r v e y s i t e s

,

w h i l e 9 3 % o f t h e s i t e s r e p o r t e d l o w e r o s i o n p o t e n t i a l

. T h e p r i m a r y t r e e s p e c i e s h a

r v e s t e d o n t h e S u r v e y

s i t e s w a s s l a s h p i n e ( 4 6 % )

, f o l l o w e d b y l o b l o l l y p i n e ( 1 2 % )

, l o n g l e a f ( 5 % )

, h a r d w o o d s ( 1 6 % )

, a n d

c y p r e s s ( 7 % )

. C o m p a r e d t o t h e 2 0 0 7 S u r v e y

, h a r d w o o d r e m o v a l s i n c r e a s e d s l i g h t l y a n d c y p r e s s

h a r v e s t i n g d e c r e a s e d b y 1 1 %

.

S i m i l a r t o p a s t S u r v e y s

, p e r e n n i a l a n d i n t e r m i t t e n t s t r e a m s d o m i n a t e d t h e w a t e r r e s o u r c e

f e a t u r e s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e 2 0 0 9 S u r v e y s i t e s a t 8 5 %

, a d e c r e a s e o f 4 % f r o m 2 0 0 7

. W e t l a n d s w e r e F i g u r e 3

. D i s

t r i b u t i o n o f I m p l e m e n t a t i o n S c o r e s

0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 4 0 1 6 0

< 7 0 % 7 0

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-

8 9 % 9 0

- 9 9 % 1 0 0 %

C a t e g o r i e s o f I m p l e m

e n t a t i o nNumberofSurveySites8

i d e n t i f i e d o n 7 % o f t h e s i t e s

, w i t h l a k e s a n d s i n k h o l e s o n 4 % a n d 6 % o f t h e s i t e s

, r e s p e c t i v e l y

. A l s o

,

s i x t y

- f i v e p e r c e n t o f t h e 2 0 0 9 S u r v e y s i t e s i n v o l v e d c l e a r c u t h a r v e s t i n g o p e r a t i o n s

, m o s t l y i n

i n t e n s i v e l y m a n a g e d p i n e p l a n t a t i o n s

. S e l e c t i v e h a r v e s t i n g a n d s e e d t r e e o p e r a t i o n s w e r e e v a l u a t e d o n

1 1 % o f t h e s i t e s

, a n d t h e r e w e r e t h r e e s a l v a g e h a r v e s t s e v a l u a t e d a s t h e r e s u l t o f w i l d f i r e s

.

T h e 2 0 0 9 S u r v e y c o l l e c t e d i n f o r m a t i o n p e r t a i n i n g t o l o g g e r t r a i n i n g

. O n s i t e s w h e r e t i m b e r

h a r v e s t i n g w a s e v a l u a t e d

, 9 5 % o f t h e l o g g e r s w e r e F l o r i d a M a s t e r L o g g e r

s a n d 2 % G e o r g i a M

a s t e r

T i m b e r H a r v e s t e r s

, a n d 3 % A l a b a m a P r o L o g g e r s

. I n a d d i t i o n

, i n f

o r m a t i o n w a s c o l l e c t e d c o n c e r n i n g

w o o d f l o w t o p a p e r m i l l s

, s a w m i l l s

, v e n e e r p l a n t s

, a n d p o l e t r e a t m e n t f a c i l i t i e s

. T h e r e s u l t s s h o w 4 8 %

o f t h e t i m b e r h a r v e s t e d w a s d e l i v e r e d t o p u l p a n d p a p e r m i l l s

, 3 7 % t o c h i p ‘ n s a w m i l l s

, 8 % t o v e n e e r

f a c i l i t i e s

, a n d 7 % t o p o l e t r e a t m e n t p l a n t s

.

F o r e s t l a n d O w n e r s h i p

F o r 2 0 0 9

, 2 5 % o f t h e S u r v e y s i t e s w e r e l o c a t e d o n p r i v a t e n o n

- i n d u s t r i a l f o r e s t l a n d s ( P N I F )

, 6 6 % o n f o r e s t i n d u s t r y l a n d s

, a n d p u b l i c l a n d s a c c o u n t e d f o r 9 %

. T h i s r e p r e s e n t s a s h i f t i n t h e

d i s t r i b u t i o n o f s i t e s b y o w n e r s h i p

, p a r t i c u l a r l y w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e p r i v a t e n o n

- i n d u s t r i a l s e c t o r

. F o r t h e

f o u r t h t i m e s i n c e 2 0 0 3 m o r e

s i t e s w e r e l o c a t e d o n i n d u s t r y

l a n d t h a n p r i v a t e n o n

- i n d u s t r i a l

f o r e s t l a n d ( F i g u r e 4 )

. H o w e v e r

, s i n c e 2 0 0 7

, t h e

n u m b e r o f s i t e s o n P N I F l a n d s

h a s n o t a b l y d e c r e a s e d

, w h i l e t h e

n u m b e r o f s i t e s o n p u b l i c l a n d s

h a s a l s o d e c r e a s e d

. T h e s e

c h a n g e s a n d t r e n d s a r e n o d o u b t

l i n k e d t o c h a n g e s i n l a n d

o w n e r s h i p

, e c o n o m i c p r e s s u r e s

,

a n d m a r k e t c o n d i t i o n s f

o r f o r e s t

p r o d u c t s

.

S i x t e e n p e r c e n t o f t h e

P N I F l a n d o w n e r s t h a t

p a r t i c i p a t e d i n t h e 2 0 0 9 S u r v e y i n d i c a t e d t h a t t h e y r e c e i v e d s o m e l e v e l o f t e c h n i c a l a s s i s t a n c e d u r i n g

t h e i r f o r e s t r y o p e r a t i o n s

. H o w e v e r

, t h e u s e o f t e c h n i c a l a s s i s t a n c e d i d n o t s i g n i f i c a n t l y i n c r e a s e t h e

o v e r a l l i m p l e m e n t a t i o n s c o r e s

, c o m p a r e d t o l a n d o w n e r s w h o d i d n o t u s e t e c h n i c a l a s s i s t a n c e

. I n

a d d i t i o n

, o v e r a l l i m p l e m e n t a t i o n w a s n o t s u b s t a n t i a l l y d i f f e r e n t b e t w e e n o w n e r s h i p c a t e g o r i e s

. B M P

i m p l e m e n t a t i o n o n i n d u s t r y l a n d w a s 9 8

. 9 %

, p r i v a t e n o n

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. 8 %

, a n d p u b l i c

l a n d s h o w e d 9 7

. 4 %

.

S p e c i a l M a n a g e m e n t Z o n e s

R e s e a r c h h a s s h o w n t h a t t h e a r e a i m m e d i a t e l y a d j a c e n t t o s t r e a m s

, l a k e s a n d o t h e r w a t e r b o d i e s

i s e s p e c i a l l y i m p o r t a n t i n t h e o v e r a l l s t r a t e g y t o p r o t e c t w a t e r q u a l i t y d u r i n g s i l v i c u l t u r e o p e r a t i o n s

. F o r e x a m p l e

, o n e F l o r i d a s t u d y r e p o r t e d t h a t "

. . . i n c r e a s e d s u s p e n d e d s e d i m e n t l e v e l s i n ( f o r e s t l a n d ) F i g u r e 4

. S u r v e y S i t e s b y O w n e r s h i p

0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0

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S u r v e y Y e a rPercent

P N I F I n d u s t r y P u b l i c9

r u n o f f w a t e r d u r i n g t h e t r e a t m e n t y e a r ( w a s ) m o s t l y d u e t o t h e a b s e n c e o f a p r o t e c t i v e b u f f e r z o n e a l o n g

t h e d r a i n a g e

. . . " [ 1 0 ]

. T h e S i l v i c u l t u r e B M P E f f e c t i v e n e s s S t u d y m e n t i o n e d e a r l i e r

, a l s o s h o w e d t h e

i m p o r t a n c e o f s t r e a m r i p a r i a n a r e a s f o r p r o t e c t i n g w a t e r q u a l i t y a n d f o r p r o v i d i n g h a b i t a t r e q u i r e m e n t s

f o r a q u a t i c o r g a n i s m s [ 5

, 6 ]

.

I n F l o r i d a ' s S i l v i c u l t u r e B M P M a n u a l

, t h e s e r i p a r i a n a r e a s a r e r e f e r r e d t o a s S p e c i a l

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, a n d a p p l y t o a l l s t r e a m s

, s i n k h o l e s

, a n d l a k e s t w o a c r e s a n d l a r g e r

. I n f a c t

,

t h e p r e s e n c e o f s u c h w a t e r r e s o u r c e f e a t u r e s a n d / o r t h e p r e s e n c e o f w e t l a n d s a r e t h e p r i n c i p a l c r i t e r i a f

o r

a f o r e s t r y o p e r a t i o n t o q u a l i f y a s a S u r v e y s i t e

. A s s t a t e d i n t h e M a n u a l

, S M Z s a r e d e s i g n e d "

. . . t o

p r o t e c t w a t e r q u a l i t

y b y r e d u c i n g o r e l i m i n a t i n g f o r e s t r y r e l a t e d i n

p u t s o f s e d i m e n t

, n u t r i e n t s

, l o g g i n g

d e b r i s

, c h e m i c a l s a n d w a t e r t e m p e r a t u r e f l u c t u a t i o n s t h a t c a n a d

v e r s e l y a f f e c t a q u a t i c c o m m u n i t i e s

. S M Z s p r o v i d e s h a d e

, s t r e a m b a n k s t a b i l i t y a n d e r o s i o n c o n t r o l

, a s w e l l a s d e t r i t u s a n d w o o d y d e b r i s

,

w h i c h b e n e

f i t t h e a q u a t i c e c o s y s t e m i n g e n e r a l

. I n a d d i t i o n

, t h e S

M Z i s d e s i g n e d t o m a i n t a i n c e r t a i n

f o r e s t a t t r i b u t e s t h a t w i l l p r o v i d e s p e c i f i c w i l d l i f e h a b i t a t v a l u e s

. ”

I m p l e m e n t a t i o n o f t h e S M Z i n c l u d e s o n e o r m o r e o f t h e f o l l o w i n g c o m p o n e n t s : P r i m a r y Z o n e

, S e c o n d a r y Z o n e

, a n d S t r i n g e r

. T h e P r i m a r y Z o n e a p p l i e s t o p e r e n n i a l w a t e r s a n d r a n g e s i n w i d t h f r o m

3 5 t o 2 0 0 f

e e t

, d e p e n d i n g o n s t r e a m w i d t h a n d w a t e r b o d y t y p e

. T h e S e c o n d a

r y Z o n e a n d S t

r i n g e r a p p l y

m o s t l y t o i n t e r m i t t e n t w a t e r s

. F o r a g i v e n w a t e r b o d y

, t h e t o t a l S M Z w i d t h i s a l w a y s a m i n i m u m o f 3 5

f e e t

, a n d m a y e x t e n d o u t t o a s m u c h a s 3 0 0 f e e t

. T h e m a n a g e m e n t c r i t e r i a t h a t a p p l y w i t h i n e a c h S M Z

c o m p o n e n t a r e b a s e d o n t h e s o i l a n d s l o p e o f t h e s i t e a n d o n t h e s i z e

, n a t u r e

, a n d c l a s s i f i c a t i o n o f t h e

w a t e r b o d y i n v o l v e d

.

E i g h t y

- f i v e p e r c e n t o f a l l w a t e r r e s o u r c e

f e a t u r e s r e p o r t e d i n t h e S u r v e y w e r e s t r e a m s

. S i x t y

- t w o p e r e n n i a l s t r e a m s a n d s e v e n t y

- t w o

i n t e r m i t t e n t s t r e a m s w e r e e v a l u a t e d f o r S M Z

c o m p l i a n c e o n 1 3 4 s i t e s i n t h e 2 0 0 9 S u r v e y

. A s

i n p a s t S u r v e y s

, t h e p e r e n n i a l s t r e a m c a t e g o r y

w a s d o m i n a t e d b y s t r e a m s l e s s t h a n 2 0 f e e t w i d e

,

w h i c h r e q u i r e a m i n i m u m 3 5 f o o t P r i m a r y Z o n e

( F i g u r e 5 )

. F o r 2 0 0 9

, t h e a c t u a l

, m e a s u r e d

P r i m a r y Z o n e w i d t h s f

o r t h e s e s i z e s t r e a m s

r a n g e d f r o m 3 5

- 4 0 0 f

e e t

, w i t h a n a v e r a g e w i d t h

o f 1 1 2 f e e t

. F o r p e r e n n i a l s t r e a m s

, t h e S u r v e y

r e p o r t e d 4 0

. 3 m i l e s o f t o t a l s t r e a m m i l e s m e e t i n g P r i m a r y Z o n e r e q u i r e m e n t s

. F o r e s t i n d u s t r y l a n d s

a c c o u n t e d f

o r 2 2

. 2 m i l e s

, w i t h P N I F a n d P u b l i c L a n d s a c c o u n t i n g f o r 1 0

. 9 a n d 3

. 2 m i l e s

, r e s p e c t i v e l y

. T h e t o t a l a r e a r e p o r t e d a s b e i n g u n d e r P r i m a r y Z o n e m a n a g e m e n t f o r 2 0 0 9 w a s 4 0 0 a c r e s

, a n d f o r t y

e i g h t p e r c e n t o f a l l S M Z s e v a l u a t e d w e r e o n s m a l l

, f i r s t o r d e r s t r e a m s

. A t 9 8 % i n 2 0 0 9

, t h e a v e r a g e

i m p l e m e n t a t i o n r a t e f

o r a l l t h r e e S M Z c o m p o n e n t s w a s u n c h a n g e d s i n c e 2 0 0 7 ( T a b l e 1 )

. T w o

s i g n i f i c a n t r i s k s t o w a t e r q u a l i t y w e r e r e p o r t e d i n t h e 2 0 0 9 S u r v e y

. F i g u r e 5

. N u m b e r o f P e r

e n n i a l S t r e a m s

S u r v e y e d b y S t r

e a m W i d t h

0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0

< 2 0 2 0

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S t r e a m W i d t h (

f t ) o r S p e c i a l D e s i g n a t i o nNumberofStreams1 0

T a b l e 1 : S M Z I m p l e m e n t a t i o n S u m m a r y f o r l a s t s i x s u r v e y s

S M Z C o m p o n e n t 2 0 0 9 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 1 1 9 9 9 1 9 9 7

P r i m a r y Z o n e 9 7 % 9 8 % 9 8 % 9 5 % 9 7 % 9 7 % 9 9 %

S e c o n d a r y Z o n e 9 8 % 9 8 % 9 9 % 9 5 % 9 5 % 9 7 % 9 9 %

S t r i n g e r 9 8 % 9 9 % 1 0 0 % 9 4 % 9 5 % 1 0 0 % 9 4 %

A v e r a g e C o m p l i a n c e 9 8 % 9 8 % 9 9 % 9 5 % 9 6 % 9 8 % 9 7 %

* T h e “ S t r i n g e r ” w a s e s t a b l i s h e d a s a n e w S M Z c o m p o n e n t i n 1 9 9 5 a n d i s t h e r e f o r e n o t a p p l i c a b l e p r i o r t o t h e 1 9 9 5 S u r v e y

.

W e t l a n d F o r e s t r y O p e r a t i o n s

W e t l a n d B M P s a d d r e s s f o r e s t r y o p e r a t i o n s s u c h a s t i m b e r h a r v e s t i n g a n d s k i d d i n g p r a c t i c e s

c o n d u c t e d w i t h i n w e t l a n d s

, a n d c e r t a i n a c t i v i t i e s a d j a c e n t t o i s o l a t e d w e t l a n d s s u c h a s i n t e n s i v e s i t e

p r e p a r a t i o n a n d f

i r e l i n e c o n s t r u c t i o n

. W e t l a n d f o r e s t r y o p e r a t i o n s w e r e e v a l u a t e d o n 2 2 % o f t h e s i t e s

d u r i n g t h e 2 0 0 9 S u r v e y

, a d e c r e a s e o f 8 % f r o m t h e 2 0 0 7 S u r v e y

. T w e n t y

- t w o p e r c e n t o f t h e s i t e s w e r e

e v a l u a t e d f

o r w e t w e a t h e r o p e r a t i o n s

.

S e v e n t y

- f i v e p e r c e n t o f a l l s i t e s e v a l u a t e d f o r W e t l a n d B M P s i n 2 0 0 9 i n v o l v e d o p e r a t i o n s

c o n d u c t e d i n w e t l a n d a r e a s l e s s t h a n 2 0 0 a c r e s

. W i t h i n t h e 3 7 c o u n t y a r e a s a m p l e d

, 3 8 0 w e t l a n d

p r a c t i c e s w e r e e v a l u a t e d o n 4 0 s i t e s a n d 9 8

. 7 % o f t h o s e w e r e i n f u l l c o m p l i a n c e w i t h B M P s

.

F o r e s t R o a d s a n d S t r e a m C r o s s i n g s

H i s t o r i c a l l y

, t h e m o s t c h r o n i c a n d l o n g

- t e r m s e d i m e n t p r o b l e m s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h s i l v i c u l t u r e a r e

d i r e c t l y a t t r i b u t a b l e t o f

o r e s t r o a d s [ 1 1 ]

. C o n s e q u e n t l y

, t h e p r o p e r p l a n n i n g

, c o n s t r u c t i o n

, d r a i n a g e

,

m a i n t e n a n c e

, a n d a p p l i c a t i o n o f f o r e s t r o a d B M P s h e l p p r e v e n t f o r e s t r y

- r e l a t e d w a t e r q u a l i t y p r o b l e m s

.

F o r 2 0 0 9

, F o r e s t R o a d B M P s w e r e e v a l u a t e d o n 1 6 2 s i t e s m o s t o f w h i c h i n v o l v e d m a i n t e n a n c e

o f e x i s t i n g r o a d s

. O f t h e 7 7 7 r o a d p r a c t i c e s e v a l u a t e d

, 9 8

. 4 % w e r e i n f u l l c o m p l i a n c e w i t h B M P s

. S i x t y

- e i g h t s u r v e y s i t e s ( 4 2 % ) r e p o r t e d n e w l y e s t a b l i s h e d r o a d s

. N e w r o a d c o n s t r u c t i o n w a s f o u n d t o

b e i n c o m p l i a n c e w i t h B M P s 9 9 % o f t h e t i m e

. L i k e w i s e

, e x i s t i n g d r a i n a g e s t r u c t u r e s w e r e e v a l u a t e d o n

1 4 0 s i t e s a n d h a d a c o m p l i a n c e r a t e o f 9 8 %

. A s i n p r e v i o u s s u r v e y s

, t h e m o s t c o m m o n i n c i d e n c e o f

n o n c o m p l i a n c e f

o r r o a d s w a s f

a i l u r e t o s t a b i l i z e c r i t i c a l r o a d s e g m e n t s

, i n s t a l l i n g d r a i n a g e s t r u c t u r e s

p r o p e r l y s u c h a s c u l v e r t s a n d w a t e r t u r n o u t s

, c a r e f u l l y p l a n l o c a t i o n a n d d e s i r e d d r a i n a g e f e a t u r e s

b e f o r e c o n s t r u c t i o n b e g i n s

, a n d d i r e c t i n g r o a d s u r f a c e d r a i n a g e a w a y f

r o m w a t e r b o d i e s a n d

/ o r w e t l a n d s

. T h e r e w a s o n e s i g n i f

i c a n t r i s k r e p o r t e d i n t h e F o r e s t R o a d c a t e g o r y i n t h e 2 0 0 9 S u r v e y

.

S t r e a m c r o s s i n g s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h f o r e s t r y o p e r a t i o n s w e r e e v a l u a t e d o n 1 8 % o f t h e S u r v e y s i t e s

i n 2 0 0 9

. O f t h e s t r e a m c r o s s i n g s e v a l u a t e d

, 6 5 % w e r e c u l v e r t i n s t a l l a t i o n s a n d t h e r e m a i n d e r w a s h a r d

s u r f a c e c r o s s i n g s

. O f t h e 2 2 0 s t r e a m c r o s s i n g p r a c t i c e s e v a l u a t e d i n t h e 2 0 0 9 S u r v e y

, 9 6

. 8 % w e r e i n

c o m p l i a n c e w i t h B M P s

.

T i m b e r H a r v e s t i n g , S i t e P r e p a r a t i o n a n d P l a n t i n g

T h e n u m b e r o f t i m b e r h a r v e s t i n g p r a c t i c e s e v a l u a t e d i n 2 0 0 9 t o t a l e d 7 2 8 p r a c t i c e s o n 1 4 5 s i t e s

.1 1

O v e r a l l i m p l e m e n t a t i o n f o r t h i s c a t e g o r y w a s 9 9

. 9 % f o r t h e 3 7 c o u n t y a r e a s u r v e y e d

. N o s i g n i f i c a n t

r i s k s w e r e o b s e r v e d o n a l l 1 4 5 s i t e s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t i m b e r h a r v e s t i n g B M P s

.

S e c o n d o n l y t o t i m b e r h a r v e s t i n g

, s i t e p r e p a r a t i o n i s t h e m o s t c o m m o n a n d r e c o g n i z a b l e

s i l v i c u l t u r e o p e r a t i o n i n F l o r i d a f o r e s t r y

. M e c h a n i c a l s i t e p r e p a r a t i o n

, s u c h a s c h o p p i n g

, b e d d i n g a n d

p i l e r a k i n g

, r o u t i n e l y f

o l l o w s h a r v e s t i n g o p e r a t i o n s i n p i n e m a n a g e m e n t a n d o f t e n r e s u l t s i n a

s i g n i f i c a n t a m o u n t o f b a r e s o i l e x p o s u r e

. F o r t h a t r e a s o n

, t h e o r i e n t a t i o n o f s u c h a c t i v i t i e s w i t h r e s p e c t

t o s l o p e a n d l o c a l s u r f

a c e w a t e r s i s t h e b a s i s f

o r m o s t B M P s i n t h e S i t e P r e p a r a t i o n c a t e g o r y

. T h e

i n t e n s i t y a n d t i m i n g o f s i t e p r e p a r a t i o n l a r g e l y d e t e r m i n e s t h e e x t e n t o f s o i l e x p o s u r e

, w h i l e s l o p e a n d

s o i l t y p e d e t e r m i n e e r o s i o n p o t e n t i a l

.

F l o r i d a ’ s S i l v i c u l t u r e B M P M a n u a l u s e s a S i t e S e n s i t i v i t y C l a s s i f i c a t i o n s y s t e m t o d e s c r i b e t h e

s u s c e p t i b i l i t y o f a s i t e t o e r o s i o n a n d s e d i m e n t a t i o n

. G e n e r a l l y

, s i t e s w i t h s l o p e s e x c e e d i n g 1 2 %

a d j a c e n t t o t h e w a t e r

b o d y a r e c o n s i d e r e d m o s t s u s c e p t i b l e t o e r o s i o n

, a n d r e q u i r e w i d e r S M Z s w i t h

r e s t r i c t i o n s o n m e c h a n i c a l s i t e p r e p a r a t i o n a c t i v i t i e s

. S i m i l a r t o p r e v i o u s S u r v e y s

, o n l y 4 % o f t h e 2 0 0 9

s i t e s f e l l w i t h i n t h i s s l o p e c l a s s

, a n d 8 9 % w e r e c l a s s i f i e d a s h a v i n g l o w s o i l e r o d i b i l i t y

.

S i t e p r e p a r a t i o n a n d t r e e p l a n t i n g a c t i v i t i e s w e r e e v a l u a t e d o n 4 6 % o f t h e 2 0 0 9 S u r v e y s i t e s

. O v e r a l l i m p l e m e n t a t i o n f o r t h i s c a t e g o r y w a s 9 9

. 2 % f o r t h e 3 7 c o u n t y a r e a s u r v e y e d

. S i x t y

- t h r e e

p e r c e n t o f t h e s i t e s e v a l u a t e d f o r s i t e p r e p a r a t i o n i n c o r p o r a t e d s o m e t y p e o f m e c h a n i c a l o p e r a t i o n s

. O f

t h o s e s i t e s r e p o r t i n g m e c h a n i c a l s i t e p r e p a r a t i o n

, 5 8 % i n v o l v e d i n t e n s i v e s h e a r i n g

, r a k i n g

, p i l e r a k i n g

,

a n d / o r b e d d i n g

. C h e m i c a l s i t e p r e p a r a t i o n

, a l o n e o r i n c o m b i n a t i o n w i t h m e c h a n i c a l t e c h n i q u e s

, w a s

r e p o r t e d o n 6 0 % o f t h e 2 0 0 9 s i t e s

, u p f r o m 2 8 % i n 2 0 0 7

. S i t e p r e p a r a t i o n a n d p l a n t i n g o p e r a t i o n s

s c o r e d 9 9

. 2 % o v e r a l l f

o r s i t e s s a m p l e d w i t h i n t h e 3 7 c o u n t y a r e a

. B M P n o n

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o n o n e s i t e a s t h e r e s u l t o f m e c h a n i c a l s i t e p r e p a r a t i o n ( s c a l p i n g d o w n s l o p e ) w i t h i n t h e S M Z

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t i m e

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s e e d l i n g w r a p p i n g /

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R i s k

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a c c o r d i n g t o D O F r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s

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c o n d u c t e d a s t a t e w i d e

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t o e n s u r e t h e c o n t i n u e d a c c u r a c y a n d r e l i a b i l i t y o f t h e S u r v e y d a t a

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p e r f o r m e d a f t e r a l l S u r v e y s i t e s w e r e c o m p l e t e d a n d t h e d a t a w a s p r o c e s s e d

. T h e a u d i t p r o c e d u r e

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- e v a l u a t e d

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r e d u c e d s a m p l i n g a r e a c o v e r i n g 3 7 c o u n t i e s ( F i g u r e 1 )

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t o p o g r a p h y

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, t h e m o s t f r e q u e n t l y r e p o r t e d B M P n o n c o m p l i a n c e w a s i n t h e S p e c i a l

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, a n d

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d e m o n s t r a t i o n s

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A s s o c i a t i o n ’ s M a s t e r L o g g e r P r o g r a m [ 1 1 ]

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, s e v e r a l B M P c a t e g o r i e s i n t h i s S u r v e y s h o w e d

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. T e n S u r v e y s i t e s w e r e

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R E F E R E N C E S

[ 1 ]

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 9 7 9

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[ 2 ] V o w e l l

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## A P P E N D I C E S

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T a b l e 2 : P a g e 1 8

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1 718

Field Site Number

County: _________

Site No.: ________

(Field Use) F L O R I D A D I V I S I O N O F F O R E S T R Y

S I L V I C U L T U R E B E S T M A N A G E M E N T P R A C T I C E S



### 2 0 0 9 I m p l e m e n t a t i o n S u r v e y S u r v e y N u m b e r

0 9

- 1

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. O V E R A L L I M P L E M E N T A T I O N S U M M A R Y

B M P C A T E G O R Y

( C H E C K B O X I F E V A L U A T E D O N T H I S S I T E ) C O M P L I A N C E B Y C A T E G O R Y N U M B E R O F

S I G N I F I C A N T

R I S K S #

" Y E S " #

" N O " T O T A L

( Y + N ) %

" Y E S "

A

. S P E C I A L M A N A G E M E N T Z O N E S 1 7 7 6 2 3 1 7 6 4 0 9 7

. 3 %

B

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. 7 %

C

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D

. S I N K H O L E S 6 1 7 0 1 7 1 0 0 %

E

. F O R E S T R O A D S 1 6 2 7 7 7 1 3 7 9 0 9 8

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F

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G

. T I M B E R H A R V E S T I N G ( N o n

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H

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. 2 % 1

I

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. 9 %

J

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K

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L

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M

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N

. P U B L I C L A N D S 1 6 2 0 3 2 3 8 7 %

T O T A L S 4

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, 1 2 7 2

O V E R A L L C O M P L I A N C E ( % ) 9 8

. 1 %

C O M M E N T S : C e r t i f i e d T r e e F a r m ? 1 5 Y e s 1 5 7 N o 1 2 U n k n o w n

S u r v e y T a k e n B y :

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ( P r i n t N a m e ) ( S i g n a t u r e )

O f f i c e P h o n e : ( ) D a t e S u r v e y C o m p l e t e d :

R e s u l t s c o m m

u n i c a t e d t o t h e l a n d o w n e r b y : L e t t e r P h o n e I n P e r s o n

_ _ E m a i l N o C o n t a c t M a d e Y e t19

Field Site Number

County: __________

Site No.: __________ FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY

SILVICULTURE BEST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

2009 Implementation Survey Survey Number

09 - 1 - 185



### PART I. GENERAL SITE INFORMATION & CHARACTERISTICS :

1.Owner Name: ____86 Forest Landowners________ 2. Ownership: 16 PUBLIC 122 INDUSTRY 47 PNIF

Address:

3. Email Address: _______________________________________

Landowner Phone No.: ( ) _________________

Contact Name: Contact Phone No.: ( ) _______________

4. Approximate acreage of treated area: 31,313 * Map showing location of site attached? ___ Yes ___ No

5. If PNIF , technical/professional forestry assistance was provided by (Check all that apply):

8 DOF County Forester 20 Forestry Consultant 1 Industrial Forester 16 None

6. Land use prior to treatment (predominantly):

148 Intensive Forest Management (Planted Pine) 0 Row crop Farming

27 Passive Forest Management (Natural Pine/Hardwood Mix) 0 Pasture

12 Forested Wetland Management (Hardwood Timber) 0 Other

7. Dominant

Terrain (check one):

14 Wetlands 43 Uplands 113 Flatwoods 15 Sandhills 0 Pasture/Cropland

8. Principle Soil Texture (check one): 0 Clay 8 Loam 164 Sand 11 Organic (Muck)

9. Name of Soil Type or Series (County Soil Survey Book): _____________________________________

10. Estimated Slope Class of treated area adjacent to predominant waterbody (check one):

Organic or

0-2% 3-7% 8-12% 13-17% 18-22% >22%

11. Soil Erodibility Class (Check one): 172

A

(LOW) 4

B

(MODERATE) 9

C

(HIGH)

12. Site Sensitivity Class ( SSC ) - based on the above soil and slope information:

(Refer to Appendices 1-3, pages 40-63 of the 2008 BMP Manual)

* A1 = 121 A4 = 4 B1 = 3 B4 = 0 C1 = 5 C4 = 0

A2 = 26 A5 = 2 B2 = 0 B5 = 0 C2 = 1 C5 = 0

A3 = 18 A6 = 1 B3 = 1 B6 = 0 C3 = 3 C6 = 0 N/A = 020 FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY

SILVICULTURE BMP IMPLEMENTATION SURVEY



### PART II: FORESTRY OPERATIONS :

13. Timber Harvest System (Check all that apply): Approximate Time of Treatment (Mo./Yr.): ____________

Name & Location (City) of Logger:

_________________________________________________________

0 N/A 9 Seed Tree Cut FL Master Logger? 114 Yes __ No

128 Clearcut 3 Salvage Cut AL Pro Logger? 4 Yes __ No

GA Master Timber

12 Selective Cut 18 Row Thinning Harvester? 2 Yes

__ No

Name of Receiving Mill: Pulp _81_ Sawmill 62 Veneer 13 Poles 12

14. Site Preparation System (Check all that apply): Approx. Time of Treatment (Mo./Yr.): ___________

Name & Location (City) of Contractor:

_______________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________________

97 N/A 31 Chemical Treatment (Pre-Plant)

6 Light Mechanical 3 Chemical Treatment (Post- Plant)

74 Intensive Mechanical 14 Burn

15. Regeneration System (Check all that apply): Approx. Time of Treatment (Mo./Yr.): _________

Name & Location (City) of Contractor:

147 N/A 7 Hand Planting

19 Conventional Machine Planting 0 Aerial/Ground Seeding

7 V-blade Planter 0 Natural Regeneration

16. Primary merchantable timber species harvested (Check all that apply):

19 N/A 12 Longleaf Pine 17 Cypress

112 Slash Pine 1 Other Pine species 14 Sand Pine

29 Loblolly Pine 39 Hardwood species

17. Forest species planted (Check all that apply):

89 N/A 3 Longleaf Pine 0 Cypress

26 Slash Pine 0 Other Pine species _0_ Sand Pine

8 Loblolly Pine 1 Hardwood species

18. Are Forested Wetland Roads and/or Stream Crossings to be evaluated on this site? Yes 29 No 155



###  If yes , did the landowner obtain the proper permit for installation? Yes 8 No 0 *1 NA 67

*1 If the answer to this question is "No" , take this opportunity to explain to the landowner that permanent and

temporary stream/wetland crossings are subject to permitting under the Environmental Resources Permit

Rule (ERP) administered by the Water Management Districts. Requirements and criteria for crossings may vary

between Water Management Districts. Advise the landowner to contact the WMD in his/her area (see Appendix

13 ) for information and/or permit applications prior to future projects involving crossings.



###  All evaluated forestry operations complete? Yes 127 No 58

Will there be future forestry operations on this site? Yes 123 No 6221 FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY

SILVICULTURE BMP IMPLEMENTATION SURVEY



### PART III. WATERBODY CHARACTERISTICS N/A 157

(If a wetlands operation check “N/A” and go to Part IV) 

### : *2

19. Name of waterbody, if known: 157 Waterbodies: 53 Named; 104 Unnamed

20. If stream, indicate Stream Order (Circle only one) 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Higher Unanswered

88 32 12 4 1 48

21. Indicate type & size of waterbody found on this site and its SMZ requirement:

( Refer to pages 7-14 and Appendix 1 of 2008 BMP Manual )

TYPE OF

WATERBODY

(Check All That Apply) * STREAM WIDTH & CLASS

(Check All That Apply) SMZ WIDTH (Feet)

REQUIRED ACTUAL

<20' 20-40' >40' OFW

(2) ONRW

(2) CLASS I

(2) PRIMARY

ZONE SECONDARY

ZONE PRIMARY

ZONE SECONDARY

ZONE TOTAL

SMZ

Perennial Stream 62 57 3 0 2 0 0 88 24 112

Perennial Lake (1) 7

Perennial Sinkhole 10

Intermittent Lake (1)

4 STRINGER STRINGER

(Check if

applied)

Intermittent Stream

72 STRINGER STRINGER

(Check if

applied)

Intermittent Sinkhole

2 STRINGER STRINGER

(Check if

applied)

Measure or estimate total linear water "frontage" under "Primary Zone" treatment:

(The Primary SMZ length may be determined using an aerial photo or a "to-scale" map of the treated area.) 212,657 Feet (40.3 miles)

(1) Lakes 2 acres or larger only.

(2) Refer to Appendix 4 for partial listing of "Special Waters".

Complete listing of OFWs is available from WMD offices listed in Appendix 13 or from the Florida Department of

Environmental Protection, 2600 Blair Stone Rd., Tallahassee, FL, 32399-2400

.

22. Are Primary Zone Exceptions being applied for perennial waterbodies on site? Yes 2 No __

( Evaluate compliance in SMZ section)

.

23. Total area designated as "Primary SMZ":

(Linear Water Frontage x Primary Zone Width / 43,560) 

### 400 Acres

*2 NOTE: Attach an additional copy of Part III and Section A, Part IV of the Survey for each waterbody

adjacent to the operation evaluated on this site.22 FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY

SILVICULTURE BMP IMPLEMENTATION SURVEY (PART IV: BMP APPLICATIONS)



### A. SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ZONES (SMZs): *

(Refer to pages 3-6 of 2008 BMP Manual) (If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT CATEGORY) 177

* NOTE: Attach additional copies of Part III & Section A, of Part IV of the Survey for each waterbody evaluated on this site.

PRIMARY ZONE

(Applies to Perennial Streams, Lakes, and Sinkholes)

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A IN

COMPLIANCE

(Circle Y or N) RISK?

Check only if

a significant

risk to water

quality is

present

1. Width of the Primary Zone meets the minimum required for waterbody size & type? N/A 98 5

WAS TIMBER HARVESTING CONDUCTED WITHIN THE PRIMARY ZONE?

(If "No" Skip Questions 2 - 5) YES NO

2. Timber harvesting limited to selective cutting only? N/A 5 2

3. Left residual stand that “mirrors” previous stand (50% of a fully stocked stand)? N/A 6 0

4. Left all trees in stream channel/banks? N/A 8 1

5. Primary zone composed of mixed pine/hardwood, left 90% hardwood and 10%

pine? N/A 6 0

6. Kept mechanical site preparation out of the Primary Zone? N/A 26 1

7. Kept fertilization out of the Primary Zone? N/A 0 0

8. Kept aerial application or mist blowing of herbicides out of the Primary Zone? N/A 15 0

9. Kept log loading decks, landings, bunching points out of the Primary Zone? N/A 58 0

10. Kept permanent roads out of the Primary Zone ( Except to cross waterway)? N/A 41 0

11. Restricted site preparation burns to slopes with < 18%? N/A 3 0

PRIMARY ZONE EXCEPTIONS

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE)

Refer to Appendix 11, pages 105-107 of the 2008 BMP Manual for explanation of Exceptions N/A IN

COMPLIANCE

(Circle Y or N) RISK?

Check only if

a significant

risk to water

quality is

present

12. Exception # 1, "SMZ Greater Than 10% of Tract Area", correctly applied? N/A 0 0

13. Exception # 2 "Managed Pine Timber", correctly applied? N/A 2 0

14. Exception # 3a "Add-On"

, correctly applied? N/A 0 0

15. Exception # 3b "Stand Quality Improvement", correctly applied? N/A 0 0

SUBTOTALS

(Enter at top of table on next page) 268 9 023 FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY

SILVICULTURE BMP IMPLEMENTATION SURVEY



### A. SPECIAL MANAGEMENT ZONES (SMZs)

- Continued

(Refer to pages 3-6, 104-107, and Appendices 10 & 11 of 2008 BMP Manual) IN

COMPLIANCE

(Circle Y or N) RISK?

Check only if

a significant

risk to water

quality is

present

Enter subtotals from previous page  268 9 0

SECONDARY ZONE

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A

16. Kept mechanical site preparation out of the Secondary Zone? N/A 39 5

17. Kept log loading decks and landings out of the Secondary Zone? N/A 80 0

18. Kept permanent roads out of the Secondary Zone (except for crossings)? N/A 67 0

19. Restricted site preparation burns to <18% slope? N/A 10 0

STRINGER

(Applies to Intermittent Streams, Lakes 2 Ac.+, and Sinkholes)

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A

20. Provided a continuous and connected canopy? N/A 50 1

21. Left adequate trees in stream channel/banks? N/A 50 1

22. Minimized disturbance to stream banks? N/A 59 1

TOTALS

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 623 17 0

COMPLIANCE FOR CATEGORY (%)

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 97.3%24 FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY

SILVICULTURE BMP IMPLEMENTATION SURVEY



### B. OPERATIONS WITHIN FORESTED WETLANDS

(Refer to pages 17-21 of the 2008 BMP Manual) (If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT CATEGORY) 40

GENERAL WETLAND BMPs

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE)

N/A IN

COMPLIANCE

(Circle Y or N) RISK?

Check only

if a

significant

risk to water

quality is

present

1. Maintained hydrologic conditions/drainage of wetlands? N/A 40 0

2. Kept logging debris out of and away from cypress ponds, strands, marshes, streams,

lakes or similar water resource features? N/A 34 2

3. Kept intensive mechanical site prep (excluding drum chopping) out of the wetland? N/A 12 0

4. Avoided fireline plowing in wetlands? N/A 4 0

WETLAND ROADS AND CROSSINGS

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A

5. Minimized number of wetland crossing? N/A 17 1

6. Permanent roads only for purposes allowed in the BMP Manual (Page 17)? N/A 13 0

7. Avoided constructing above-grade fill roads? N/A 18 0

8. Fill road properly culverted to allow adequate stormflow, normal sheetflow, etc.? N/A 2 0

HARVESTING IN WETLANDS WHERE CYPRESS IS PREDOMINANT

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A

9. Left cypress as leave trees? 7 0

10. Leave trees represent the upper limit of the range for wetland harvest units? (i.e. <200A or >200A) 7 0

11. Pond cypress trees cut at the approximate average high water mark? 7 1

SUBTOTALS (Enter at top of table on next page) 161 425 FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY

SILVICULTURE BMP IMPLEMENTATION SURVEY

B. OPERATIONS WITHIN FORESTED WETLANDS – Continued

(Refer to pages 17-21 of the 2008 BMP Manual) IN

COMPLIANCE

(Circle Y or N) RISK?

Check only if

a significant

risk to water

quality is

present

Enter Subtotals from previous page  161 4

HARVESTING PRACTICES

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A

OCCURRING IN WETLANDS LESS THAN 200 ACRES IN SIZE: N/A

12. Left EITHER 3-5 Trees/Acre “Leave Trees” OR 10% of the area as Selective Cut? N/A 22 1

OCCURRING IN WETLANDS GREATER THAN 200 ACRES: N/A

13. Left 1-2 large older age class Trees/Acre? N/A 2 0

14. Retained all snags and limited size of clearcut to 160 acres or less? N/A 2 0

15. Left either a 200-ft selective cut strip between clearcut areas OR

harvested only adjacent to cut-overs with regeneration which has attained heights of

at least 20 feet? N/A 0 0

16. Multiple clearcuts within any 160 acre block separated by a 100 ft buffer? N/A 0 0

OCCURRING IN SMALL ISOLATED WETLANDS (<2 AC.): N/A

17. Left 20% unharvested where 5 or more isolated wetlands <2 acres each exist? N/A 5 0

18. Have previously harvested isolated wetlands reached 20 feet in height prior to reentry to harvest remaining isolated wetlands? N/A 5 0

IS THERE A FLOWING WETLAND?

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A

19. Extended SMZ 50 feet into wetland? N/A 0 0

20. Clustered leave trees along centerline of flow-way if present? N/A 4 0

SUBTOTALS

(Enter at top of table on next page) 201 526 FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY

SILVICULTURE BMP IMPLEMENTATION SURVEY



### B. OPERATIONS WITHIN FORESTED WETLANDS - Continued

(Refer to pages 17–21 of the 2008 BMP Manual) IN

COMPLIANCE

(Circle Y or N) RISK?

Check only if

a significant

risk to water

quality is

present

Enter Subtotals from previous page  201 5

SKIDDING

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A

21. Minimized number of MAIN skid trails within wetland area? N/A 32 0

22. Avoided widespread and excessive rutting? N/A 33 0

23. Concentrated skid trails in organic wetland soils? N/A 33 0

24. Avoided operating heavy equipment under wet or flooded conditions? N/A 29 0

25. Low ground pressure equipment? N/A 18 0

MAT (SHOVEL) LOGGING

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A

26. Width of skid trail mats minimized to no more than 20 feet (on the average)?

Exceptions apply to equipment passage. N/A 7 0

27. Skid trail mats are no closer than 200 feet apart (on the average)?

(If tracked machines used under excessively wet conditions: spacing reduced to 50 feet;

and area of mats does not exceed 25% of harvest area.) N/A 7 0

28. Timber for mats laid down in direction of the trail? N/A 7 0

29. One layer of timber used for skid trail mats?

(Multiple layers may be used to prevent site disturbance.) N/A 5 0

30. Multiple layers of timber used?

(The bottom layer may be laid perpendicular to the trail and exceed 20 feet in width.)

N/A 1 0

31. Merchantable timber used in skid trail mat removed after logging operation? N/A 7 0

32. Skid trail mats used for stream crossings, consistent with Stream Crossing Section?

(See Stream Crossing Section of BMP Manual) N/A 0 0

TOTALS

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 380 5

COMPLIANCE FOR CATEGORY (%)

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 98.7%27 FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY

SILVICULTURE BMP IMPLEMENTATION SURVEY



### C. OPERATIONS ADJACENT TO CANALS

(Refer to pages 22-23 of the 2008 BMP Manual) (If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT CATEGORY) 6

GENERAL BMPS

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A IN

COMPLIANCE

(Circle Y or N) RISK?

Check only if

a significant

risk to water

quality is

present

1. Avoided heavy equipment operation within canal? N/A 6 0

2. Established canal crossing(s) only when necessary? N/A 2 0

3. Installed canal crossing(s) properly? (See Stream Crossing Section) N/A 2 0

4. Avoided discharge from site preparation activity into canal? N/A 1 0

5. Left canal free of excessive logging slash? N/A 6 0

6. Applied forest chemicals properly? N/A 0 0

CANAL MAINTENANCE

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A

7. Minimized canal maintenance activities? N/A 1 0

8. Minimized disturbance to canal banks? N/A 4 0

9. Applied proper erosion/sediment control practices where necessary? N/A 1 0

10. Road maintenance adjacent to canal conducted properly?

(i.e. road spoil discharged away from canal-side of road) N/A 2 0

TOTALS

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 25 0

COMPLIANCE FOR CATEGORY (%)

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 100%28 FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY

SILVICULTURE BMP IMPLEMENTATION SURVEY



### D. OPERATIONS ADJACENT TO SINKHOLES

(Refer to page 24 of the 2008 BMP Manual) (If N/A, Circle box and move on to NEXT CATEGORY) 6

GENERAL SINKHOLE BMPs

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A IN

COMPLIANCE

(Circle Y or N) RISK?

Check only if a

significant risk

to water quality

is present

Note: If an SMZ is required, please refer to p. 5 on SMZs.

1. Avoided placing logging debris, trash or waste into sinkhole or in drainage feature

flowing into sinkhole? N/A 6 0

2. Avoided mechanical operations or chemicals within sinkhole? N/A 5 0

3. Avoided altering adjacent land surface to discharge into sinkhole? N/A 6 0

TOTALS

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 17 0

COMPLIANCE FOR CATEGORY (%)

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 100%29 FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY

SILVICULTURE BMP IMPLEMENTATION SURVEY



### E. FOREST ROADS

(Refer to pages 25-27 of the 2008 BMP Manual) (If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT CATEGORY) 162

GENERAL ROAD PLANNING & CONSTRUCTION BMPS

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A IN

COMPLIANCE

(Circle Y or N) RISK?

Check only if

a significant

risk to water

quality is

present

1. Carefully planned location and desired drainage features before construction. N/A 26 1

2. Avoided construction operations during wet conditions. N/A 24 0

3. Road properly designed for traffic load and use? N/A 24 0

4. Properly balanced cut/fill ratio N/A 17 0

5. Fill road shoulders properly sloped? N/A 22 0

6. Road banks properly stabilized? N/A 68 0

7. Critical segments of road stabilized? N/A 26 1

ROAD DRAINAGE

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A

Drainage Structures Evaluated (check all that apply): 55 Cross-drain culverts 3 Cross-ditches 89 Road Ditches

13 Water Bars 0 Ditch Plugs 19 Water Turnouts 6 Low Water Hard Surface Crossing (LWHS)

8. Drainage structure installed properly? N/A 101 3

9. Road surface drainage directed away from waterbodies/wetlands? N/A 140 3 1

ROAD MAINTENANCE

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A

Drainage Structures Evaluated (check all that apply): 55 Cross-drain culverts 4 Cross-ditches 88 Road Ditches

12 Water Bars 0 Ditch Plugs 18 Water Turnouts 7 Low Water Hard Surface Crossing (LWHS)

10. Drainage structures free of major obstructions? N/A 121 0

11. Inactive roads closed to traffic? N/A 145 0

12. Stabilized critical segments? N/A 63 5

TOTALS

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 777 13 1

COMPLIANCE FOR CATEGORY (%)

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 98.4%30 FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY

SILVICULTURE BMP IMPLEMENTATION SURVEY



### F. STREAM CROSSINGS

(Refer to pages 28-30 of the 2008 BMP Manual) (If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT CATEGORY) 34

GENERAL STREAM CROSSING BMPs

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A IN

COMPLIANCE

(Circle Y or N) RISK?

Check only

if a

significant

risk to water

quality is

present

1. Minimized number of stream crossings on site? N/A 28 2

2. Located stream crossing(s) on narrow section of stream? N/A 31 0

3. Located crossing(s) on straight segment(s) of stream? N/A 31 0

4. Stabilized erodible fill material? N/A 13 2

5. Avoided construction during high water conditions? N/A 6 0

CULVERTS

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A

6. Culvert properly installed? N/A 18 1

7. Culvert size adequate to accommodate flow? N/A 21 0

8. Repaired or replaced damaged culverts? N/A 4 0

9. Kept culvert openings free of debris and/or obstructions? N/A 22 0

10. Culvert size sufficient for expected flow on a temporary basis? N/A 6 0

11. Temporary culvert removed immediately after operation? N/A 0 0

SUBTOTALS

(Enter at top of table on next page) 180 531 FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY

SILVICULTURE BMP IMPLEMENTATION SURVEY



### STREAM CROSSING - Continued

(Refer to pages 28-30 of 2008 BMP Manual) IN

COMPLIANCE

(Circle Y or N) RISK?

Check only

if a significant

risk to water

quality is

present

Subtotals from previous page  180 5

HARD-SURFACE CROSSING BMPs

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A

TYPE OF ARMORING MATERIAL USED FOR HARD-SURFACE CROSSINGS ON THIS SITE:

4 None Used 0 Limerock 1 Gravel 0 Concrete 2 Logs 0 Slag 31 Other (List): Tile, Bricks, etc.

12. Used non-petroleum based material for armoring? N/A 8 0

13. Stream bottom/banks appropriate for this type of crossing? N/A 9 0

14. Used clean material with size, weight, and texture of armoring material

suitable to stream flow? N/A 5 0

15. Avoided stream impoundment with crossing installation? N/A 8 1

16. Removed temporary materials after completion of operation? N/A 3 1

TOTALS

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 213 7

COMPLIANCE FOR CATEGORY (%)

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 96.8%32 FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY

SILVICULTURE BMP IMPLEMENTATION SURVEY



### G. TIMBER HARVESTING OPERATIONS (NON-WETLANDS)

(Refer to page 31 of the 2008 BMP Manual) (If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT CATEGORY) 145

SKIDDING & SKID TRAIL BMPs

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A IN

COMPLIANCE

(Circle Y or N) RISK?

Check only

if a

significant

risk to water

quality is

present

1. To the extent possible , located skid trails on land contours? N/A 140 0

2. To the extent possible , avoided long continuous skid trails? N/A 74 0

3. Kept main skid trails out of SMZ? N/A 61 0

4. Installed appropriate drainage structures properly? N/A 15 0

5. Stabilized critical segments as needed? N/A 24 0

6. Concentrated skid trails in organic soils ? N/A 49 0

7. Dispersed skid trails in mineral soils ? N/A 140 0

SLASH DISPOSAL

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A

8. Kept waterbodies free of logging slash? N/A 88 1

9. Avoided pushing or piling logging slash from loading ramps & decks into wetlands, ponds, &

edges? N/A 136 0

TOTALS

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 727 1

COMPLIANCE FOR CATEGORY (%)

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 99.9%33 FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY

SILVICULTURE BMP IMPLEMENTATION SURVEY



### H. SITE PREPARATION & FOREST TREE PLANTING OPERATIONS

(Refer to page 32 of the 2008 BMP Manual) (If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT CATEGORY) 85

GENERAL SITE PREPARATION BMPS

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A IN

COMPLIANCE

(Circle Y or N) RISK?

Check only if

a significant

risk to water

quality is

present

1. Applied appropriate site preparation intensity for the site? N/A 84 0

2. Kept intensive mechanical site preparation ( excluding drum chopping) out of wetlands?

N/A 67 0

3. To the extent possible , drum chopping conducted perpendicular to waterbody? N/A 7 0

4. To the extent possible , established windrows and soil beds on land contours? N/A 64 1 1

5. Avoided tying bed furrows into canals? N/A 4 0

6. Minimized soil erosion when pushing and piling? N/A 69 0

7. Avoided pushing and piling logging debris into cypress ponds, strands, marshes, streams,

lakes or similar water resource features? N/A 65 2

8. Restricted site preparation burning to slopes < 18%? N/A 16 0

TOTALS

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 376 3 1

COMPLIANCE FOR CATEGORY (%)

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 99.2%34 FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY

SILVICULTURE BMP IMPLEMENTATION SURVEY



### I. FIRELINE CONSTRUCTION

(Refer to page 33 of the 2008 BMP Manual) (If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT CATEGORY) 11

GENERAL BMPS

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A IN

COMPLIANCE

(Circle Y or N) RISK?

Check only if

a significant

risk to water

quality is

present

1. Used existing barriers ( roads, waterbodies, etc.) as firelines where practical? N/A 11 0

2. Used alternatives to plowed lines such as foam, harrowing, wet lines, permanent grass,

when feasible? N/A 10 0

3. Avoided plowing lines through wetlands, marshes, and savannas? N/A 6 0

4. Avoided fireline plowing in Special Management Zones particularly the primary zone? N/A 4 1

5. Minimized plow depth? N/A 5 0

6. Avoided crossing (connecting to) waterbodies/stream channels while plowing

firelines? N/A 5 0

7. Avoided creating drainage conditions with plowed firelines near isolated wetlands? N/A 6 0

8. To the extent possible , constructed plowed firelines on land contours? N/A 9 0

9. Stabilized critical segments of plowed firelines with appropriate drain structure when

necessary? N/A 0 2

Structures Evaluated (check all that apply): 3 None Applied Cross-ditches Water Turnouts

Water Bars Vegetation 11 Other (List): Soil Plugs

TOTALS

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 56 3

COMPLIANCE FOR CATEGORY (%)

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 94.9%35 FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY

SILVICULTURE BMP INPLEMENTATION SURVEY



### J. PESTICIDE & FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS

(Refer to page 34-35 of the 2008 BMP Manual) (If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT CATEGORY) 33

PESTICIDE USE BMPS

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE)

N/A IN

COMPLIANCE

(Circle Y or N) RISK?

Check only if

a significant

risk to water

quality is

present

Pesticide(s) used: Arsenal (1) Chopper (17) Garlon (16) Oust (6) Velpar ULW (1) Accord (1) Polaris (2) Escort (1)

Oustar (1) Roundup (2) Other (10)

This is a (Check One): 30 Pre-planting Treatment 3 Post-planting Treatment

1. Directed pesticide only to the targeted area? N/A 31 0

2. Properly disposed of pesticide/fertilizer containers according to directions of label? N/A 26 0

3. Cleaned spray equipment outside of SMZ? N/A 14 0

FERTILIZER USE BMPS

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A

Fertilizer(s) applied: DAP (2) Urea (1)

This is a (Check One): 0 Pre-planting Treatment 2 Post-planting Treatment

4. Located fertilizer transfer/loading areas outside of the Primary Zone? N/A 1 0

5. Timing of fertilizer application conducive to maximizing effectiveness of nutrient uptake? N/A 0 0

TOTALS

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 72 0

COMPLIANCE FOR CATEGORY (%)

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 100%36 FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY

SILVICULTURE BMP IMPLEMENTATION SURVEY



### K. WASTE DISPOSAL ACTIVITIES

(Refer to page 36 of the 2008 BMP Manual) (If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT CATEGORY) 185

WASTE OIL DISPOSAL BMPS

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A IN

COMPLIANCE

(Circle Y or N) RISK?

Check only if a

significant risk to

water quality is

present

1. Waste oil properly collected and stored temporarily on-site during

equipment maintenance and removed after operation? N/A 173 4

2. Avoided discharging waste oil into waterbodies, including wetlands and canals? N/A 183 0

SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL BMPS

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A

3. Kept solid waste out of streams, waterways and wetlands? N/A 183 0

4. Removed trash, litter, solid waste, chemical containers, fluids, hoses, batteries, and

tires from site upon completion of operation. N/A 155 23

TOTALS

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 694 27

COMPLIANCE FOR CATEGORY (%)

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 96.3%37 FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY

SILVICULTURE BMP IMPLEMENTATION SURVEY



### L. WET WEATHER OPERATIONS

(Refer to page 37 of the 2008 BMP Manual) (If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT CATEGORY) 41

GENERAL BMPS

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A IN

COMPLIANCE

(Circle Y or N) RISK?

Check only

if a

significant

risk to water

quality is

present

1. Avoided operating heavy equipment during flooded conditions? N/A 40 0

2. Avoided operating heavy equipment in floodplains with standing or flowing floodwater? N/A 12 0

3. Minimized heavy equipment operation in wetlands under wet conditions? N/A 3 0

4. Concentrated skid trails to small areas on sites with organic or muck soils during wet

conditions? N/A 6 0

TOTALS

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 61 0

COMPLIANCE FOR CATEGORY (%)

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 100%38 FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY

SILVICULTURE BMP IMPLEMENTATION SURVEY



### M. EMERGENCY OPERATIONS ( Including hurricanes, tornadoes, etc.)

(Refer to page 38 of the 2008 BMP Manual) (If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT CATEGORY) 5

WILDFIRE/NATURAL DISASTERS/INSECTS & DISEASE OUTBREAKS

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE)

N/A IN

COMPLIANCE

(Circle Y or N) RISK?

Check only

if a

significant

risk to water

quality is

present

1. Sensitive segments of firelines restored as necessary after operation? N/A 1 0

2. Sensitive segments of skid trails restored as necessary after operation? N/A 3 0

3. Stream crossings restored as necessary after operation? N/A 0 0

4. Applied appropriate pesticides to control disease/insect problem? N/A 0 0

5. Avoided contaminating waterbodies with hazardous materials? N/A 1 0

6. Sensitive segments of access roads restored as necessary after operation? N/A 2 0

TOTALS

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 7 0

COMPLIANCE FOR CATEGORY (%)

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 100%39 FLORIDA DIVISION OF FORESTRY

SILVICULTURE BMP IMPLEMENTATION SURVEY



### N. PUBLIC LANDS

(Refer to page 16 of the 2008 BMP Manual) 16

GENERAL BMPs

(If N/A, Circle and move on to NEXT PRACTICE) N/A IN

COMPLIANCE

(Circle Y or N) RISK?

Check only

if a

significant

risk to water

quality is

present

1. Areas within SMZ designated as Primary Zone managed as no cut unless for ecological

restoration or habitat enhancement? N/A 7 0

2. Minimum BMP standards met or exceeded. N/A 13 3

TOTALS

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 20 3

COMPLIANCE FOR CATEGORY (%)

(Record on Summary Table, Page 1) 87%