II 

109TH CONGRESS 

1ST SESSION S. 1105 

To amend title VI of the Higher Education Act of 1965 regarding 

international and foreign language studies. 

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES 

MAY 23, 2005 

Mr. DODD (for himself, Mr. COCHRAN, Mr. LEVIN, Mr. KENNEDY, and Mr. 

AKAKA) introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred 

to the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions 

A BILL

To amend title VI of the Higher Education Act of 1965 

regarding international and foreign language studies.

1 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representa2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 

3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 

4 This Act may be cited as the ‘‘International and For5 eign Language Studies Act of 2005’’. 

6 SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 

7 Congress makes the following findings: 

8 (1) In recent years, foreign language needs 

9 have significantly increased throughout the Federal 

10 Government due to the presence of a wider range of 
2

•S 1105 IS

1 security threats, the emergence of new nation states, 

2 and the globalization of the United States economy. 

3 (2) Likewise, American businesses increasingly 

4 need internationally and multiculturally experienced 

5 employees to compete in the global economy and to 

6 manage a culturally diverse workforce. 

7 (3) In 2005, the Federal Government requires 

8 34,000 employees with foreign language skills across 

9 more than 70 Federal agencies. 

10 (4) Federal agency officials have stated that, 

11 over the years, translator and interpreter shortfalls 

12 have adversely affected agency operations and hin13 dered United States military, law enforcement, intel14 ligence, counterterrorism, and diplomatic efforts. 

15 (5) In a 2002 General Accounting Office report, 

16 the United States Army reported that it was experi17 encing serious shortfalls of translators and inter18 preters in 5 of its 6 critical languages: Arabic, Ko19 rean, Mandarin Chinese, Persian-Farsi, and Rus20 sian. 

21 (6) The number of Foreign Language and Area 

22 Studies Fellowships awarded in 2003 was 30 percent 

23 less than the number awarded at its high point in 

24 1967. 
3

•S 1105 IS

1 (7) In the 2000–2001 school year, the number 

2 of foreign language degrees conferred was 1 percent 

3 of the total number of undergraduate degrees con4 ferred, less than .05 percent of the total number of 

5 masters degrees conferred, and 1 percent of the total 

6 number of doctoral degrees conferred. 

7 (8) In the 2004 National Survey of Student 

Engagement, almost 1 8 ⁄3 of undergraduates reported 

9 taking foreign language coursework, while only 11 

10 percent reported having studied abroad. 

11 (9) According to the American Council on Education, in recent studies, 1 12 ⁄2 of all students surveyed 

13 had taken not less than 1 international course dur14 ing the 2000–2001 school year, but foreign language 

15 enrollment remained static. 

16 (10) In 2002, 79 percent of Americans agreed 

17 that students should have a study-abroad experience 

18 sometime during college. 

19 (11) More than 40 percent of Americans said 

20 they were more likely to favor an increase in State21 level funding for foreign language education at their 

22 local college or university after September 11, 2001. 

23 SEC. 3. REFERENCES. 

24 Except as otherwise expressly provided, wherever in 

25 this Act an amendment or repeal is expressed in terms 
4

•S 1105 IS

1 of an amendment to, or repeal of, a section or other provi2 sion, the reference shall be considered to be made to a 

3 section or other provision of the Higher Education Act of 

4 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001 et seq.). 

5 TITLE I—INTERNATIONAL AND 

6 FOREIGN LANGUAGE STUDIES 

7 SEC. 101. FINDINGS. 

8 Section 601 (20 U.S.C. 1121) is amended— 

9 (1) in subsection (a)(3), by striking ‘‘post-Cold 

10 War’’; and 

11 (2) in subsection (b)(1)(D), by inserting ‘‘, in12 cluding through linkages with overseas institutions’’ 

13 before the semicolon. 

14 SEC. 102. GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE LANGUAGE 

15 AND AREA CENTERS AND PROGRAMS. 

16 Section 602 (20 U.S.C. 1122) is amended— 

17 (1) in subsection (a)— 

18 (A) in paragraph (2)— 

19 (i) in subparagraph (G), by striking 

20 ‘‘and’’ after the semicolon; 

21 (ii) in subparagraph (H), by striking 

22 the period and inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 

23 (iii) by adding at the end the fol24 lowing: 
5

•S 1105 IS

1 ‘‘(I) support for instructors of the less 

2 commonly taught languages.’’; and 

3 (B) in paragraph (4)— 

4 (i) by redesignating subparagraphs 

5 (C) through (E) as subparagraphs (D) 

6 through (F), respectively; 

7 (ii) by inserting after subparagraph 

8 (B) the following: 

9 ‘‘(C) Programs of linkage or outreach be10 tween or among— 

11 ‘‘(i) foreign language, area studies, or 

12 other international fields; and 

13 ‘‘(ii) State educational agencies or 

14 local educational agencies.’’; and 

15 (iii) in subparagraph (F) (as redesig16 nated by clause (i)), by striking ‘‘and (D)’’ 

17 and inserting ‘‘(D), and (E)’’; 

18 (2) in subsection (b)— 

19 (A) in the subsection heading, by inserting 

20 ‘‘AND UNDERGRADUATE’’ after ‘‘GRADUATE’’; 

21 and 

22 (B) by striking paragraph (2) and insert23 ing the following: 
6

•S 1105 IS

1 ‘‘(2) ELIGIBLE STUDENT.—A student receiving 

2 a stipend described in paragraph (1) shall be en3 gaged— 

4 ‘‘(A) in an instructional program with stat5 ed performance goals for functional foreign lan6 guage use or in a program developing such per7 formance goals, in combination with area stud8 ies, international studies, or the international 

9 aspects of a professional studies program; and 

10 ‘‘(B)(i) in the case of an undergraduate 

11 student, in the intermediate or advanced study 

12 of a less commonly taught language; or 

13 ‘‘(ii) in the case of a graduate student, in 

14 graduate study in connection with a program 

15 described in subparagraph (A), including 

16 predissertation level study, preparation for dis17 sertation research, dissertation research abroad, 

18 or dissertation writing.’’; and 

19 (3) by striking subsection (d) and inserting the 

20 following: 

21 ‘‘(d) ALLOWANCES.— 

22 ‘‘(1) GRADUATE LEVEL RECIPIENTS.—A sti23 pend awarded to a graduate level recipient may in24 clude allowances for dependents and for travel for 

25 research and study in the United States and abroad. 
7

•S 1105 IS

1 ‘‘(2) UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL RECIPIENTS.—A 

2 stipend awarded to an undergraduate level recipient 

3 may include an allowance for educational programs 

4 in the United States or abroad that— 

5 ‘‘(A) are closely linked to the overall goals 

6 of the recipient’s course of study; and 

7 ‘‘(B) have the purpose of promoting for8 eign language fluency and cultural knowledge.’’. 

9 SEC. 103. USE OF FUNDS IN UNDERGRADUATE INTER10 NATIONAL STUDIES AND FOREIGN LAN11 GUAGE PROGRAMS. 

12 Section 604 (20 U.S.C. 1124) is amended— 

13 (1) in subsection (a)— 

14 (A) in paragraph (2)— 

15 (i) by redesignating subparagraphs (I) 

16 through (M) as subparagraphs (J) through 

17 (N), respectively; and 

18 (ii) by inserting after subparagraph 

19 (H) the following: 

20 ‘‘(I) providing subgrants to undergraduate 

21 students for educational programs abroad 

22 that— 

23 ‘‘(i) are closely linked to the overall 

24 goals of the program for which the grant 

25 is awarded; and 
8

•S 1105 IS

1 ‘‘(ii) have the purpose of promoting 

2 foreign language fluency and cultural 

3 knowledge;’’; and 

4 (B) by adding at the end the following: 

5 ‘‘(9) LIMITATION ON UNDERGRADUATE

6 GRANTS.—An institution of higher education, a com7 bination of such institutions, or a partnership 

8 awarded a grant under this section shall use not 

9 more than 10 percent of the grant funds for the use 

10 described in paragraph (2)(I).’’; and 

11 (2) by striking subsection (c). 

12 SEC. 104. AUTHORIZED ACTIVITIES. 

13 Section 605(a) (20 U.S.C. 1125(a)) is amended— 

14 (1) in paragraph (8), by striking ‘‘and’’ after 

15 the semicolon; 

16 (2) in paragraph (9), by striking the period and 

17 inserting ‘‘; and’’; and 

18 (3) by adding at the end the following: 

19 ‘‘(10) the systematic collection, analysis, and 

20 dissemination of data that contribute to achieving 

21 the purposes of this part.’’. 

22 SEC. 105. TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION AND COOPERA23 TION FOR FOREIGN INFORMATION ACCESS. 

24 Section 606 (20 U.S.C. 1126) is amended— 
9

•S 1105 IS

1 (1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the 

2 following: 

3 ‘‘(a) AUTHORITY.—The Secretary is authorized to 

4 make grants to eligible entities for the purpose of devel5 oping innovative techniques or programs using electronic 

6 technologies to collect, organize, preserve, and widely dis7 seminate information from foreign sources on world re8 gions and countries other than the United States that ad9 dress our Nation’s teaching and research needs in inter10 national education and foreign languages.’’; 

11 (2) in subsection (b)— 

12 (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ‘‘to facili13 tate access to or’’ and by inserting ‘‘to acquire, 

14 facilitate access to, or’’; 

15 (B) in paragraph (3), by inserting ‘‘and 

16 standards’’ after ‘‘means’’; 

17 (C) in paragraph (6), by striking ‘‘and’’; 

18 (D) in paragraph (7), by striking the pe19 riod and inserting a semicolon; and 

20 (E) by adding at the end the following: 

21 ‘‘(8) to establish linkages, between the eligible 

22 entities and libraries, organizations, and institutions 

23 of higher education overseas, to facilitate carrying 

24 out the purpose described in subsection (a); or 
10

•S 1105 IS

1 ‘‘(9) to carry out other activities that the Sec2 retary determines are consistent with the purpose of 

3 the grants under this section.’’; 

4 (3) in subsection (c), by striking ‘‘institution or 

5 consortium’’ and inserting ‘‘eligible entity’’; and 

6 (4) by adding at the end the following: 

7 ‘‘(e) DEFINITION OF ELIGIBLE ENTITY.—In this sec8 tion, the term ‘eligible entity’ means— 

9 ‘‘(1) an institution of higher education; 

10 ‘‘(2) a public or nonprofit private library; 

11 ‘‘(3) a consortium of such institutions or librar12 ies; or 

13 ‘‘(4) a partnership between— 

14 ‘‘(A) such an institution or library; and 

15 ‘‘(B) a nonprofit educational organiza16 tion.’’. 

17 SEC. 106. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

18 Section 610 (20 U.S.C. 1128b) is amended by strik19 ing ‘‘$80,000,000 for fiscal year 1999’’ and inserting 

20 ‘‘$120,000,000 for fiscal year 2006’’. 

21 TITLE II—BUSINESS AND INTER22 NATIONAL EDUCATION PRO23 GRAMS 

24 SEC. 201. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

25 Section 614 (20 U.S.C. 1130b) is amended— 
11

•S 1105 IS

1 (1) in subsection (a)— 

2 (A) by striking ‘‘$11,000,000’’ and insert3 ing ‘‘$20,000,000’’; and 

4 (B) by striking ‘‘1999’’ and inserting 

5 ‘‘2006’’; and 

6 (2) in subsection (b)— 

7 (A) by striking ‘‘$7,000,000’’ and inserting 

8 ‘‘$10,000,000’’; and 

9 (B) by striking ‘‘1999’’ and inserting 

10 ‘‘2006’’. 

11 TITLE III—INSTITUTE FOR 

12 INTERNATIONAL PUBLIC POL13 ICY 

14 SEC. 301. WAIVER OF MATCH REQUIREMENT FOR PROFES15 SIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM. 

16 Section 621(e) (20 U.S.C. 1131(e)) is amended— 

17 (1) by striking ‘‘MATCH REQUIRED.—The eligi18 ble’’ and inserting ‘‘MATCHING FUNDS.— 

19 ‘‘(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), 

20 the eligible’’; and 

21 (2) by adding at the end the following: 

22 ‘‘(2) WAIVER.—The Secretary may waive the 

23 requirement of paragraph (1) for an eligible recipi24 ent if the Secretary determines such waiver is appro25 priate.’’. 
12

•S 1105 IS

1 SEC. 302. INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT. 

2 Section 622(a) (20 U.S.C. 1131–1(a)) is amended by 

3 striking ‘‘international affairs programs.’’ and inserting 

4 ‘‘international affairs, international business, and foreign 

5 language study programs at such colleges, universities, 

6 and institutions, respectively, through increased collabora7 tion with institutions of higher education that receive 

8 funding under this title.’’. 

9 SEC. 303. ADVANCED DEGREE IN INTERNATIONAL RELA10 TIONS. 

11 Section 624 (20 U.S.C. 1131b) is amended— 

12 (1) in the section heading, by striking ‘‘MAS13 TERS’’ and inserting ‘‘ADVANCED’’; 

14 (2) in the first sentence, by inserting ‘‘, and in 

15 exceptional circumstances, a doctoral degree,’’ after 

16 ‘‘masters degree’’; and 

17 (3) in the second sentence, by striking ‘‘masters 

18 degree’’ and inserting ‘‘advanced degree’’. 

19 SEC. 304. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE. 

20 (a) FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE.—Part C of title VI (20 

21 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.) is amended— 

22 (1) by redesignating sections 626, 627, and 628 

23 as sections 627, 628, and 629, respectively; and 

24 (2) by inserting after section 625 the following 

25 new section: 
13

•S 1105 IS

1 ‘‘SEC. 626. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE. 

2 ‘‘(a) AUTHORITY.—The Institute may provide finan3 cial assistance, in the form of summer stipends described 

4 in subsection (b) and Ralph Bunche scholarship assistance 

5 described in subsection (c), to needy students to facilitate 

6 the participation of the students in the Institute programs 

7 under this part. 

8 ‘‘(b) SUMMER STIPENDS.— 

9 ‘‘(1) REQUIREMENTS.—A student receiving a 

10 summer stipend under this section shall use such sti11 pend to defray the student’s cost of participation in 

12 a summer institute program funded under this part, 

13 including the costs of travel, living, and educational 

14 expenses necessary to the student’s participation in 

15 such program. 

16 ‘‘(2) AMOUNT.—A summer stipend awarded to 

17 a student under this section shall be not more than 

18 $3,000 per summer. 

19 ‘‘(c) RALPH BUNCHE SCHOLARSHIP.— 

20 ‘‘(1) REQUIREMENTS.—A student receiving a 

21 Ralph Bunche scholarship under this section— 

22 ‘‘(A) shall be a full-time student at an in23 stitution of higher education who is accepted 

24 into a program funded under this part; and 

25 ‘‘(B) shall use such scholarship to pay 

26 costs related to the cost of attendance, as de-
14

•S 1105 IS

1 fined in section 472, at the institution of higher 

2 education at which the student is enrolled. 

3 ‘‘(2) AMOUNT AND DURATION.—A Ralph 

4 Bunche scholarship awarded to a student under this 

5 section shall not exceed $5,000 per academic year.’’. 

6 (b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.—Section 628 (as re7 designated by subsection (a)(1)) is amended by striking 

8 ‘‘section 626’’ and inserting ‘‘section 627’’. 

9 SEC. 305. BIENNIAL REPORT. 

10 Part C of title VI (20 U.S.C. 1131 et seq.) is further 

11 amended— 

12 (1) in section 627 (as redesignated by section 

13 304(a)(1))— 

14 (A) by striking ‘‘annually’’; and 

15 (B) by inserting ‘‘in 2006, and biennially 

16 thereafter’’ after ‘‘a report’’; and 

17 (2) in section 628 (as redesignated by section 

18 304(1)), by striking ‘‘annual’’. 

19 SEC. 306. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 

20 Section 629 (as redesignated by section 304(a)(1)) 

21 (20 U.S.C. 1131f) is amended by striking ‘‘1999’’ and in22 serting ‘‘2006’’. 
15

•S 1105 IS

1 TITLE IV—GENERAL 

2 PROVISIONS 

3 SEC. 401. EVALUATION, OUTREACH, AND INFORMATION 

4 DISSEMINATION. 

5 Part D of title VI (20 U.S.C. 1132) is amended by 

6 adding at the end the following: 

7 ‘‘SEC. 632. EVALUATION, OUTREACH, AND INFORMATION 

8 DISSEMINATION. 

9 ‘‘The Secretary may use not more than 1 percent of 

10 the funds made available for this title to carry out pro11 gram evaluation, national outreach, and information dis12 semination activities relating to the programs authorized 

13 under this title.’’.

Æ