NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 231

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

Volume 231

BOREAS TGB-5 Fire History of

Manitoba 1980 to 1991 in Raster Format

Brian J. Stocks, Canadian Forest Service-Ontario Region, Sault Ste. Marie

Richard Zepp, U.S. Environmental Protection Service, Athens, Georgia

David Knapp, Raytheon ITSS, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000

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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 231

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

Volume 231

BOREAS TGB-5 Fire History of

Manitoba 1980 to 1991 in Raster Format

Brian J. Stocks, Canadian Forest Service-Ontario Region, Sault Ste. Marie

Richard Zepp, U.S. Environmental Protection Service, Athens, Georgia

David Knapp, Raytheon ITSS, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS TGB-5 Fire History of Manitoba 1980 to 1991 in Raster

Format

Brian J. Stocks, Richard G. Zepp, David Knapp

Summary

The BOREAS TGB-5 team collected several data sets related to the effects of fire on the exchange of

trace gases between the surface and the atmosphere. This raster format data set covers the province of

Manitoba between 1980 and 1991. The data were gridded into the AEAC projection from the original

vector data. The original vector data were produced by Forestry Canada from hand-drawn boundaries

of fires on photocopies of 1:250,000-scale maps. The locational accuracy of the data is considered fair

to poor. When the locations of some fire boundaries were compared to Landsat TM images, they were

found to be off by as much as a few kilometers. This problem should be kept in mind when using

these data. The data are stored in binary, image format files.

Note that some of the data set files on the BOREAS CD-ROMs have been compressed using the

Gzip program. See Section 8.2 for details.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TGB-05 Fire History of Manitoba 1980 to 1991 in Raster Format

1.2 Data Set Introduction

This data set covers the province of Manitoba and was processed from the original vector data,

which were produced by Forestry Canada from hand-drawn boundaries of fires on photocopies of

1:250,000-scale maps. The data are gridded with a pixel size of 1,000 m x 1,000 m in the BOReal

Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) adopted Albers Equal-Area Conic (AEAC) projection. This

resolution is considered reasonable for these data given the accuracy and scale of the original data

Page 1
sources.Eachyearis representedby aseparatelayerbecausesomefire boundariescanoverlapamong

variousyears.Thelocatlonalaccuracyof thesedatais consideredfair to poor.Whenthelocationsof

somefire boundarieswerecomparedto LandsatThematicMapper(TM) images,theywerefoundto be

off by asmuchasafew kilometers.Thisproblemshouldbekeptin mindwhenusingthesedata.

1.3 Objective/Purpose

These data are provided as part of the BOREAS Staff Science Geographic Information System

(GIS) Data Collection Program, which included the collection of pertinent map data in both hardcopy

and digital form. The objective of collecting these data was to give BOREAS investigators a product

showing the spatial distribution of fires in the province of Manitoba.

1.4 Summary of Parameters

Presence of a fire.

1.5 Discussion

Some investigators who have been using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)

imagery have found these data useful because they are on a scale that is suitable for 1,000-m x

1,000-m AVHRR pixels. This product is useful as ground truth for comparing to image classifications

from AVHRR imagery. However, because the location of pixels may be off by as much as a few

kilometers, care should be taken when determining fire locations.

1.6 Related Data Sets

SERM Forest Fire Chronology of Saskatchewan in Vector Format

BOREAS TGB-05 Fire History of Manitoba 1980 to 1991 in Vector Format

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

Brian J. Stocks

Canadian Forest Service-Ontario Region

Great Lakes Forestry Centre

1219 Queen St. East

Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7

Richard G. Zepp

Environmental Protection Agency

Environmental Research Laboratory

College Station Road

Athens, GA 30613

2.2 Title of Investigation

Trace Gas Exchange in the Boreal Forest Biome: Effects of Fire and Beaver Activity

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Brian J. Stocks

Canadian Forest Service-Ontario Region

Great Lakes Forestry Centre

1219 Queen St. East

Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7

(705) 949-9461

(705) 759-5700 (fax)

stocks@ fcor.glfc.forestry.ca

Page 2
Contact 2:

DavidKnapp

RaytheonITSS

NASA GSFC

Code 923

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-1424

(301) 286-0239 (fax)

David.Knapp@ gsfc.nasa.gov

3. Theory of Measurements

As stated above, this product was created for BOREAS investigators who are interested in the fire

history of this area. It could be used for ground truth of satellite image classifications and to get an

estimate of the amount of burned area. The uses of this product are general enough that the way in

which these data were collected will have little to no impact on the theory behind the way they are

being used. No information with regard to the intensity of the burn is identified in this data base. Only

the presence or absence of a fire is given for each year.

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

Unknown.

4.1.1 Collection Environment

Unknown.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

Unknown.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

Unknown.

4.1.4 Key Variables

Presence of absence of fire in a particular year

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

Unknown.

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

Unknown.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

Unknown.

4.2 Calibration

Not applicable.

4.2.1 Specifications

Unknown.

Page 3
4.2.1.1 Tolerance

Not applicable.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

Not applicable.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

Not applicable.

5. Data Acquisition Methods

Forestry Canada compiled these data from maps of fires in the province of Manitoba. Apparently, the

fires were mapped based on observation from the air. These fire polygons were hand traced onto

photocopies of 1:250,000-scale maps. The fire data were then compiled by year and hand digitized into

ARC/INFO polygon coverages. BOREAS staff gridded the polygon coverages into raster images at a

pixel resolution of 1,000 m x 1,000 m. There is a separate image for each year of fire history data

(1980-91).

6. Observations

6.1 Data Notes

These data simply contain information that indicates whether or not a fire occurred at a particular

pixel location in a given year. The pixel values are the year in which the fire occurring 0 (no fire) or 82

(fire that occurred in 1982).

6.2 Field Notes

There is no record of observations except for the actual data.

7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

The pixel size of this image is 1,000 m x 1,000 m.

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

The approximate comer coordinates of the BOREAS region are:

Longitude Latitude BOREAS X BOREAS Y

Northwest III.000W 59.979N 0.000 i000.000

Northeast 93.502W 58.844N i000.000 i000.000

Southeast 96.970W 50.089N i000.000 0.000

Southwest III.000W 51.000N 0.000 0.000

Although the comers of the image are at these locations, only areas within the province of Manitoba

have the fires mapped. The area defined by the above coordinates encompasses a much larger area than

the province of Manitoba.

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not available.

Page 4
7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

These data were gridded to a cell size of 1,000 meters in the AEAC projection.

7.1.4 Projection

The area mapped is projected in the ellipsoidal version of AEAC projection. The projection has the

following parameters:

Datum: North American Datum of 1983

Ellipsoid: GRS80 or WGS84

Origin: iii.000 ° W 51.000 ° N

Standard Parallels: 52 ° 30' 00"N

58 ° 30' 00"N

Units of Measure: kilometers

(NAD83)

7.1.5 Grid Description

The data are gridded in 1,000-m intervals.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

Each raster image represents the fires that occurred during that year. The years between 1980 and

1991 (inclusive) are in this data set.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

Not available.

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

The temporal resolution of this data set is 1 year.

7.3 Data Characteristics

These data simply indicate the presence or absence of a fire in a particular year. The value of a pixel

indicates the year in which the fire occurred at that pixel. For example, if a pixel has a value of 83, a

fire occurred in 1983 in that pixel. Pixels where no fire occurred for that year have a value of zero (0).

7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

Fire occurrence in a given year.

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The occurrence of a fire in a given year.

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

Unitless but coded value.

7.3.4 Data Source

Forestry Canada

7.3.5 Data Range

0 (zero) if no fire occurred to 91 (for the year 1991).

7.4 Sample Data Record

Not applicable.

Page 5
8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest amount of obtainable data is the entire data set containing all of the raster layers and

their supporting files.

8.2 Data Format(s)

8.2.1 Uncompressed Data Files

The Manitoba fire history data set contains 13 total files, of which some contain American Standard

Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) information and others contain binary numbers. The first

file is a descriptive ASCII header file that describes the content of the other files. The next 12 binary

files (files 2 to 13) contain the raster image data as 8-bit values.

File Pixels Lines Bytes per pixel Description

File i Not applicable ASCII

File 2 i000 i000 i Image

File 3 i000 i000 1 Image

File 4 i000 i000 1 Image

File 5 i000 i000 1 Image

File 6 i000 i000 1 Image

File 7 i000 i000 1 Image

File 8 i000 i000 1 Image

File 9 i000 i000 1 Image

File i0 i000 i000 1 Image

File ii i000 i000 1 Image

File 12 i000 i000 1 Image

File 13 i000 i000 1 Image

header file

of 1980 fires

of 1981 fires

of 1982 fires

of 1983 fires

of 1984 fires

of 1985 fires

of 1986 fires

of 1987 fires

of 1988 fires

of 1989 fires

of 1990 fires

of 1991 fires

Each of the binary files (2 to 13) contain 1,000 8-bit pixels in each of 1,000 lines. The range of values

in the binary files is from 0 (zero) to the last two digits of the year (e.g., 89 for 1989).

8.2.2 Compressed CD-ROM Files

On the BOREAS CD-ROMs, file 1 listed above is stored as ASCII text files; however, files 2-13

have been compressed with the Gzip compression program (file name *.gz). These data have been

compressed using gzip version 1.2.4 and the high compression (-9) option (Copyright (C) 1992-1993

Jean-loup Gailly). Gzip (GNU zip) uses the Lempel-Ziv algorithm (Welch, 1994) used in the zip and

PKZIP programs. The compressed files may be uncompressed using gzip (-d option) or gunzip. Gzip

is available from many Web sites (for example, ftp site prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/gzip-*.*) for a variety

of operating systems in both executable and source code form. Versions of the decompression

software for various systems are included on the CD-ROMs.

9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

None.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

Page 6
9.2.1 Processing Steps

BOREAS Information System (BORIS) staff gridded the coverages separately for each year. The

fire history data processing steps were:

• Reproject the vector data to the BOREAS grid projection.

• Rasterize the vector files.

• Write the gridded layer to tape.

• Copy the ASCII and compress the binary files for release on CD-ROM.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None.

9.3 Calculations

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

None.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

None.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

Potential sources of error in the original data set could be interpretation or digitizing error. As

indicated above, the data were hand traced onto photocopied maps based on air observations. No

precision mapping of the fire boundaries was done. There is also the possibility that the data could

have been gridded incorrectly, although visual inspection of the data was done to ensure against this.

10.2 Quality Assessment

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

Each gridded file/layer was spot checked to make sure that the gridding procedure assigned a

digital number (DN) to each fire polygon.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

Although the gridding procedure itself is highly accurate, there is some question as to the positional

accuracy of the original data. The location of the fire boundaries could be off by as much as a few

kilometers. Therefore, caution should be used when inferring information from this data set.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

Unknown.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

Unknown.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

As noted previously, BORIS personnel reviewed the data layers visually as vector plots and raster

data layers. Direct quantitative checking of the data was not performed.

Page 7
11. Notes

11.1 Limitations of the Data

The precision and accuracy of this data set put some limitations on the use of these data. The data

set should not be used for comparison to mapping products derived from high-resolution imagery

(e.g., air photos). Care should be taken when comparing it to Landsat TM or imagery with smaller

pixel sizes.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

As indicated above, the locational accuracy of these data is suspect because of the way in which the

data were collected (see Section 5).

11.3 Usage Guidance

Before uncompressing the Gzip files on CD-ROM, be sure that you have enough disk space to

hold the uncompressed data files. Then use the appropriate decompression program provided on the

CD-ROM for your specific system.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None.

12. Application of the Data Set

Some investigators who have been using AVHRR data have found these data useful because they are

on a scale that is suitable for 1,000-m x 1,000-m AVHRR pixels. This product would be useful as

ground truth for comparing to image classifications from AVHRR imagery.

None.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

14. Software

14.1 Software Description

BORIS staff used the ARC/INFO (Version 7) software and related tools to process the original

vector data to this raster form. The ARC/INFO software is a proprietary package developed and

distributed by Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI). Gzip (GNU zip) uses the

Lempel-Ziv algorithm (Welch, 1994) used in the zip and PKZIP commands.

14.2 Software Access

ARC/INFO is proprietary software with copyright protection. Contact ESRI for details:

Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI)

380 New York St.

Redlands, CA 92373-8100

Gzip is available from many Web sites across the Intemet (for example, ftp site

prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/gzip-*.*) for a variety of operating systems in both executable and source

code form. Versions of the decompression software for various systems are included on the

CD-ROMs.

Page 8
15. Data Access

The raster format fire history data of Manitoba from 1980 to 1991 are available from the Earth

Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)

Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

These data can be made available on 8-mm, Digital Archive Tape (DAT), or 9-track tapes at 1600

or 6250 Bytes Per Inch (BPI).

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

These data are available on the BOREAS CD-ROM series.

Page 9
17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

ARC/INFO User's Guide (Version 7). 1994. Redlands, CA.

Welch, T.A. 1984. A Technique for High Performance Data Compression. IEEE Computer, Vol. 17,

No. 6, pp. 8-19.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,

A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM.

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B.

Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D. Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal

ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year.

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9): 1549-1577.

Sellers, P.J., F.G. Hall, R.D. Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi, J. Berry, M. Ryan, K.J. Ranson, P.M.

Crill, D.P. Lettenmaier, H. Margolis, J. Cihlar, J. Newcomer, D. Fitzjarrald, P.G. Jarvis, S.T.

Gower, D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison, D.E. Wickland, and F.E. Guertin. 1997. BOREAS

in 1997: Experiment Overview, Scientific Results and Future Directions. Journal of Geophysical

Research 102 (D24): 28,731-28,770.

17.3 Arehive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None.

18. Glossary of Terms

Page 10
AEAC

ASCII

AVHRR

BOREAS

BORIS

BPI

CCRS

CCT

CD-ROM

DAAC

DAT

DN

EOS

EOSDIS

GIS

GSFC

LRRC

NAD83

NASA

NSA

ORNL

PANP

SSA

TGB

TM

UTM

URL

19. List of Acronyms

- Albers Equal-Area Conic

- American Standard Code for Information Interchange

- Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Bytes per inch

- Canadian Centre for Remote Sensing

- Computer Compatible Tape

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Digital Archive Tape

- Digital Number

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Geographic Information System

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- Land Resource Research Branch

- North American Datum of 1983

- National Aeronautics and Space Administration

- Northern Study Area

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Southern Study Area

- Trace Gas Biogeochemistry

- Thematic Mapper

- Universal Transverse Mercator

- Uniform Resource Locator

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Dates

Written: 21-Feb- 1997

Revised: 03-Feb- 1999

20.2 Document Review Dates

BORIS Review: 20-Jun- 1997

Science Review:

20.3 Document ID

Page 11
20.4 Citation

When using these data, please include the following acknowledgment as well as citations of

relevant papers in Section 17.2:

The original data set was produced by:

Canadian Forest Service-Ontario Region

Great Lakes Forestry Centre

1219 Queen St.

East Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7

Forestry Canada's willingness to supply the data and the efforts by BORIS staff to grid, check, and

document the data are greatly appreciated.

If using data from the BOREAS CD-ROM series, also reference the data as:

Stocks, B.J. and R.G. Zepp, "Trace Gas Exchange in the Boreal Forest Biome: Effects of Fire and

Beaver Activity." In Collected Data of The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. Eds. J. Newcomer,

D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson, A. Papagno, D.

Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

Also, cite the BOREAS CD-ROM set as:

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. Collected Data of

The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 12
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

November 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TGB-5 Fire History of Manitoba 1980 to 1991 in Raster Format

6. AUTHOR(S)

Brian J. Stocks, Richard Zepp, and David Knapp

Forrest G. Hall, Editor

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

923

RTOP: 923-462-33-01

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 231

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

B.J. Stocks: Canadian Forest Service-Ontario Region, Sault Ste. Marie; R. Zepp: U.S. Environmental

Protection Service, Athens, Georgia; D. Knapp: Raytheon ITSS, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,

Greenbelt, Mar_cland

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TGB-5 team collected several data sets related to the effects of fire on the exchange of

trace gases between the surface and the atmosphere. This raster format data set covers the province of

Manitoba between 1980 and 1991. The data were gridded into the AEAC projection from the original

vector data. The original vector data were produced by Forestry Canada from hand-drawn boundaries

of fires on photocopies of 1:250,000-scale maps. The locational accuracy of the data is considered fair

to poor. When the locations of some fire boundaries were compared to Landsat TM images, they were

found to be off by as much as a few kilometers. This problem should be kept in mind when using these

data. The data are stored in binary, image format files.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, trace gas biogeochemistry.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

12

16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

UL

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)

Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18

298-102