U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

COMPILATION OF 29 SONIC AND DENSITY LOGS FROM 23 OIL TEST WELLS IN

WESTERN WASHINGTON STATE

By

Thomas M. Brocher1 and April L. Ruebel1

Open-File Report 98-249

This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey

editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, product or firm

names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

1

345 Middlefield Road, M/S 977, Menlo Park, CA 94025

1998
ABSTRACT

Three-dimensional velocity models for Puget Sound provide a means for better

understanding the lateral variations in strong ground motions recorded during local

earthquakes in Puget Lowland. We have compiled 29 sonic and density logs from 23 oil test

wells to help us determine the geometry and physical properties of the Cenozoic basins in

western Washington. The maximum depths sampled by the test wells are between 0.47 and

4.04 km. These well logs sample Quaternary to Eocene sedimentary and volcanic rocks. This

report presents the locations, elevations, depths, stratigraphic and other information about the

oil test wells, and provides plots showing the density and sonic velocities as a function of

depth for each well log. We also present two-way travel times calculated from the sonic

velocities.
CONTENTS

Abstract 1

Introduction 4

Well Log Analysis 5

Comments on the Well Log Data 6

Data Availability 7

Discussion 8

Acknowledgments 8

References 8

Abbreviations Used in Table 1 9

TABLE

Table 1. Oil test well locations and drilling data 10

Table 2. Stratigraphy in the oil test wells 11

Table 3. Linear regression of the sonic velocity logs 13

Table 4. Linear regression of the density logs 14

FIGURES

Figure 1. Map showing locations of oil test wells analyzed within this report 15

Figure 2. Sonic velocities for Kerryn BN #34-11, L B Petroleum 16

Figure 3. Sonic velocities for Amoco-Weyerhaeuser #1-29, Amoco Production 17

Figure 4. Sonic velocities for Blessing Siler #1, Carr Edward J 18

Figure 5. Sonic velocities for Washington State #1, Phillips Petroleum Co. 19

Figure 6. Sonic velocities for Brandt #1, McCroskey A E Syndicate 20

Figure 7. Sonic velocities for Brandt #2, McCroskey A E Syndicate 21

Figure 8. Sonic velocities for KSD #1, Geothermal Resources Int'l. 22

Figure 9. Sonic velocities for Socal-Schroeder #1, Standard Oil of Calif. 23

Figure 10. Sonic velocities for Kingston #1, Mobil Oil 24

Figure 11. Sonic velocities for Pope & Talbot #18-1, Union Oil of Calif. 25

Figure 12. Sonic velocities for Socal Whidbey #1, Standard Oil of Calif. 26

Figure 13. Sonic velocities for Pope & Talbot #3-1, Standard Oil of Calif. 27

Figure 14. Sonic velocities for Dungeness #1, Standard Oil of Calif. 28

Figure 15. Sonic velocities for R D Merrill Co. #1, Texaco Inc. 29

Figure 16. Sonic velocities for Silvana Community #12-1, Standard Oil of Calif. 30

Figure 17. Sonic velocities for Merrill-Ring #1, Russell A. Cobb, Jr. 31

Figure 18. Sonic velocities for Ross #1, El Paso Natural 32

Figure 19. Sonic velocities for Stremler #1, Can-American Petrol., Ltd. 33

Figure 20. Densities for Montesano #1-X, El Paso Production 34

Figure 21. Densities for Kerryn BN #34-11, L B Petroleum 35

Figure 22. Densities for Amoco-Weyerhaeuser #1-29, Amoco Production 36

Figure 23. Densities for Black Diamond #4-13, Voyager Petrole 37

Figure 24. Densities for Socal-Schroeder #1, Standard Oil of Calif. 38

Figure 25. Densities for Kingston #1, Mobil Oil 39

Figure 26. Densities for Soleduck #1, Eastern Petroleum Serv. 40

Figure 27. Densities for Socal Whidbey #1, Standard Oil of Calif. 41
Figure 28. Densities for Squalicum Lake #1, Washuta Drilling & Company 42

Figure 29. Calculated two-way travel time for Kerryn BN #34-11, L B Petroleum 43

Figure 30. Calculated two-way travel time for Amoco-Weyerhaeuser #1-29, Amoco 44

Figure 31. Calculated two-way travel time for Blessing Siler #1, Carr Edward J 45

Figure 32. Calculated two-way travel time for Washington State #1, Phillips 46

Figure 33. Calculated two-way travel time for Brandt #1, McCroskey A E Syndicate 47

Figure 34. Calculated two-way travel time for Brandt #2, McCroskey A E Syndicate 48

Figure 35. Calculated two-way travel time for KSD #1, Geothermal Resources Int'l. 49

Figure 36. Calculated two-way travel time for Socal-Schroeder #1, Standard Oil 50

Figure 37. Calculated two-way travel time for Kingston #1, Mobil Oil 51

Figure 38. Calculated two-way travel time for Pope & Talbot #18-1, Union Oil. 52

Figure 39. Calculated two-way travel time for Socal Whidbey #1, Standard Oil 53

Figure 40. Calculated two-way travel time for Pope & Talbot #3-1, Standard Oil 54

Figure 41. Calculated two-way travel time for Dungeness #1, Standard Oil 55

Figure 42. Calculated two-way travel time for R D Merrill Co. #1, Texaco Inc. 56

Figure 43. Calculated two-way travel time for Silvana Community #12-1, Standard Oil57

Figure 44. Calculated two-way travel time for Merrill-Ring #1, Russell A. Cobb, Jr. 58

Figure 45. Calculated two-way travel time for Ross #1, El Paso Natural 59

Figure 46. Calculated two-way travel time for Stremler #1, Can-American Petrol., Ltd.60
4

INTRODUCTION

We describe sonic velocity and density log data from oil test wells being used to help

develop a three-dimensional velocity model for the Puget Sound. These 3-D models will be used

to calculate synthetic seismograms to help understand the lateral variations of strong ground

motions in the Puget Lowland urban corridor. We present data from 29 sonic and density logs

from 23 oil test wells to categorize the sonic velocities and densities of Cenozoic sedimentary

basins in western Washington, primarily in Puget Lowland (Fig. 1).

The locations, elevations, and depths of the oil test wells, as well as the lease name, well

number, operator, and completion year are presented in Table 1. In this table the wells are

ordered by latitude from south to north. This information is taken from the Well History Control

System (WHCS) One-line File, an on-line digital well-log database leased from Petroleum

Information by the USGS Office of Energy Resources at Denver. Because the logs were run

over a 28-year interval between 1958 and 1985, Table 1 provides information on the type of

sonic and density tool used to make the log, as well as the other tools which were run

simultaneously with these tools (normally caliper, spontaneous potential, and gamma-ray).

Several of the sonic logs were made with older, short tools, with short spans between the source

and receivers. Stratigraphic control is available for many of the wells [MacFarland, 1983;

Brown and Ruth Laboratories, Inc., 1984; Johnson and others, 1996; Rau and Johnson, in press;

S.Y. Johnson, written commun., 1998]. We note here that the formation picks for the Dungeness

Spit #1 well (shown in Table 3 and on Figure 14) are inferred from the formation tops at the

Dungeness Unit #1-54 well, located approximately 9 km to its southeast (T30N, R4W, Section

17; McFarland, 1983).

Where known (Table 2), the generalized stratigraphy encountered in the holes may be

characterized as follows [MacFarland, 1983; Rau and Johnson, in press]. Tertiary sediment

rocks (generally Eocene), underlie Pleistocene glacial deposits (clays, sands, and gravels), and in

a few wells are in turn underlain by Eocene Crescent Formation volcanics (or other volcanics).
5

A map showing thickness of unconsolidated deposits (Jones, 1994) was used to help ascertain

thicknesses of Pleistocene deposits at wells for which we lacked other stratigraphic information.

WELL LOG ANALYSIS

Sonic and density logs were hand digitized at non-uniform intervals between 3 and 30 m

to capture the significant variations of the logs with depth for frequencies up to 2 Hz. The

sampling interval was adequate to estimate linear trends in the data over these intervals. We note

that our sampling interval was not intended and is not sufficiently dense for the calculation of

high-frequency (say >10 Hz) synthetic seismograms. For higher-frequency synthetics, it will be

necessary to redigitize the logs with a finer sampling interval.

For the sonic logs, we picked transit times (ms/ft) as a function of depth down the well.

For the gamma-gamma density logs, we picked bulk density in g/cm3 as a function of depth

down the well. For the neutron density porosity logs, we converted the logged density porosity

(f) back to formation density (rfd) using rfd = rm + (rf - rm)f, where the matrix density rm = 2.65

g/cm3, and the fluid density rf = 1.0 g/cm3 [Ellis, 1987]. All of the logs analyzed here are plotted

at a scale of 30.49 m = 5 cm (100 feet = 2 inches). Depths are measured from an arbitrary

reference datum, normally the Kelley Bushing (KB), located 3.65 m (12 feet) above ground

level. The downhole depths reported here have not been corrected for this small upward shift.

Cased intervals of the wells and sections identified on the logs as having cycle skipping

problems were not digitized. In some cases data from the logs were ignored: these data were

associated with washouts, thick mudcake, invasion of drill fluids or large deviations from the

general trend of density and sonic values having very limited depth extent, generally less than a

few tens of feet [Ellis, 1987]. The digitized sonic log data were converted from transit times to

velocities (m/s) and depths from feet to meters for both the sonic and density logs. Plots

showing seismic velocities and densities as a function of depth for each well are presented in

Figures 2 to 28. Although we digitized all repeated passes of tools in sections of the wells, we

do not show these redundant passes in Figures 2 to 28.
6

We have calculated two-way travel times from the sonic logs and displayed these in

Figures 29 to 46. This calculation required us to extrapolate sonic velocities to the surface. In

some cases, the distance over which the first measured sonic velocity was judged to be too great

to extrapolate it to the surface. In these cases, we calculated two-way travel times starting at the

top of the sonic log.

COMMENTS ON THE WELL LOG DATA

Although the deepest boreholes for which logs are included in this completion are more

than 3.9 and 4 km deep respectively (Table 1), these deep wells were unfortunately not logged to

the completed depth of the holes. The four longest sonic well logs are from the following wells

(numbers in parens provide the logged intervals): Washington State #1 (300-3500 m), Socal

Schroeder #1 (100-2950 m), Silvana Community #12-1 (150-2250 m), and the Socal Whidbey

#1 (50-2050 m). The density logs from the same holes are generally slightly shorter. The four

longest density well logs are from the following wells: Socal-Schroeder #1 (350-2950 m),

Montesano 1-X (50-2100 m), Black Diamond #4-13 (200-2000 m), and Socal Whidbey #1 (300-

2050 m).

The Amoco Weyerhaeuser #1-29 well was drilled and logged twice. The longest logs

shown in this report are from the initial borehole; the second, shorter logs are from the first

redrill. The sonic velocities measured in both wells provide comparable estimates in the overlap

region (Fig. 3), however, there is a significant offset of 0.2 g/cm3 between the densities

determined at the adjacent wells (Fig. 22). The origin of this mismatch is not currently known.

We have superimposed the formation tops from Table 2 on the well logs shown in this

report. Often, but by no means always, these formation changes correspond to significant

changes in the sonic velocity and density, and/or in the character of these logs. In Table 3 we

show average velocities and linear regressions over intervals of the boreholes corresponding to

known or inferred formations. The average sonic velocities represent the inverse of the average
7

transit times (slownesses) over the interval. In some cases, we show these averages and linear

regressions for the entire log. As anticipated, average sonic velocities (generally 1450 to 2200

m/s) and densities (2.09 g/cm3) in the Pleistocene glacial deposits are significantly lower than

those of underlying Tertiary sedimentary rocks (Table 3). There is typically a general increase

with depth in the sonic velocity within these Tertiary sedimentary rocks without a major change

at the formation boundaries; although the low R2 values found for most of the linear regressions

indicate that there is much scatter in this trend. The top of the Crescent Formation volcanics,

however, does typically represent at large (over 1 km/s) increase in sonic velocity from the

overlying Tertiary sedimentary rocks (Table 3).

Similar averages and linear regressions on the density log data are shown in Table 4. The

density logs typically show even less evidence for constrasts between the Tertiary sedimentary

rocks. There is, however, a significant (0.17 g/cm3) contrast between these units and the

underlying Crescent Formation volcanics at the Socal Whidbey #1 well.

The density log from Socal Schroeder #1 shows an apparent reversal within the Blakeley

Formation, and densities of the andesitic volcanic rocks are lower than those of the Blakeley

Formation (Table 4). This reversal is not accompanied by a similar reversal in sonic velocity,

which, in combination with the generally poor quality of the density log for this well, suggest

that the apparent reversal in density may be an artifact.

DATA AVAILABILITY

The picks of density and seismic velocity shown in Figures 2 to 28 are available in

Excel5 spreadsheets using anonymous ftp. The anonymous ftp address is: andreas.wr.usgs.gov.

Change the directory (cd) to /pub/outgoing/puget. The files are named puget.sonic.xl5.bin,

puget.density.xl5.bin, and puget.TT.xl5.bin, all in Mac Binary II format. Table 1 of this report in

Excel5 format is also in this ftp site, labeled as Table 1.bin. Figure 1 is in Adobe Illustrator 6

format in file OFR.Fig1.
8

DISCUSSION

Published compilations of S-wave data for sedimentary rocks provide some guidance for

typical Vp/Vs ratios in Tertiary sedimentary units. Ohta et al. [1977] published Vs and Vp in

two deep holes sampling Tertiary sediments in Japan. Hamilton [1979] compiled these and

similar measurements in Russia to obtain Vp/Vs ratios in the uppermost 1 km of section within

Tertiary sedimentary units. Finally, Castagna et al. [1985] compiled Vs and Vp data from Swave and P-wave logging and other measurements to obtain Vp/Vs for a variety of clastic

silicate rocks. Castagna et al. [1985] suggest that Vp/Vs ratios in sandstones reach an average

value near 1.7 beginning at depths of about 2 km, whereas the Vp/Vs in noncalcareous shales

reach an average value of about 2 at depths near 3 km.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Zenon Valin, USGS, kindly performed a search of a digital database providing well

locations and other well information. Larry Beyer, USGS, made many useful suggestions for

digitizing the well log data. Sam Johnson, USGS, provided preprints of his papers on the

biostratigraphy of many of the wells in Puget Sound, and reviewed an earlier version of this

report. Weldon Rau and Bill Lingley, Washington Department of Natural Resources, provided

stratigraphy for several of the boreholes.

This work was supported by the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program.

REFERENCES CITED

Brown and Ruth Laboratories, Inc., 1984, Regional petroleum geochemistry of Washington and

Oregon: Brown and Ruth Laboratories, Inc., 1 v., looseleaf.

Castagna, J.P., Batzle, M.L., and Eastwood, R.L., 1985, Relationships between compressionalwave and shear-wave velocities in clastic silicate rocks, Geophysics, v. 50, p. 571-581.

Ellis, D.V., 1987, Well Logging for Earth Scientists, Elsevier, New York, 532 p.

Gard, L.M., Jr., 1968, Bedrock geology of the Lake Tapps quadrangle, Pierce County,

Washington: U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 388-B, p. B1-B33.

Hamilton, E.L., 1979, Vp/Vs and Poisson's ratios in marine sediments and rocks, Journal of the

Acoustical Society of America, v. 66, p. 1093-1101.

Johnson, S.Y., 1993, Analysis of Cenozoic subsidence at three sites in vicinity of the Seattle

basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-332, 17 p.

Johnson, S.Y., Potter, C.J., Armentrout, J.M., Miller, J.J., Finn, C., and Weaver, C.S., 1996, The

southern Whidbey Island fault, western Washington-An active structure in the Puget

Lowland, Washington: Geological Society of America Bulleton, v. 108, p. 334-354, and

oversized insert.
9

Johnson, S.Y.,Tennyson, M.E., Lingley, W.S., and Law, B.E., 1993, Petroleum geology of the

State of Washington: U.S. Geological Survey, Professional Paper 1582, 40 pp.

Jones, M.A., 1994, Thickness of unconsolidated deposits in the Puget Sound Lowland,

Washington and British Columbia, U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Investigations

Report (WRIR) 94-4133.

McFarland, C.R., 1983, Oil and gas exploration in Washington, 1900-1982, Washington (State),

Dept. of Natural Resources, Div. Geology and Earth Resources, Information Circular 75,

119 p.

Ohta, Y., N. Goto, K. Shiono, H. Takahashi, F. Yamamizu, and S. Kurihara, 1977, Shear wave

velocities in deep soil deposits; measurement in a borehole to the depth of 3500 meters and

its significance, Jishin Gakkai (Seismological Society of Japan), v. 30, p. 415-433.

Rau, W.W., and S.Y. Johnson, in press, Well stratigraphy and correlations, western Washington

and northwest Oregon, U.S. Geological Survey, Map I-2621.

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN TABLE 1:

BHC - Borehole Compensated Sonic Log

CNFD - Compensated Neutron Formation Density*

CFD gg - Compensated Formation Density (gamma-gamma)*

CNF (ds) - Compensated Neutron Formation Density (Dual Spaced)*

Cal. - Caliper

SP - Spontaneous Potential

GR - Gamma Ray

T3R3R - Sonic tool spacing (in feet) between transmitter (T) and receivers (R)

*All density logging tools employ the backscattered gamma-ray technique, commonly called

"gamma-gamma". The different names used here are either from different vendors or from

different generations (having different trademark names).
10

Table 1. Oil Test Well Data.

Leasename No. Operator Field Latitude Longitude

Depth,

ft

Depth,

m

Elev,

ft

Elev,

m Datum T T R R S Year Sonic Log

Density

Log Other Logs

KERRYN BN 34-11 L B PETROLEUM Carbonado 47.08853 -122.02711 5000 1524 1342 409 GL N 19 E 6 34 1985 BHC 5" FDC/CNL Cal., GR, SP

AMOCOWEYERHAEUSER 1-29 AMOCO PROD Caldwell Creek 47.10136 -123.70526 13250 4040 390 119 GL N 19 W 8 29 1985 BHC 2" FDC/CNL Cal., GR

BLESSING SILER 1 CARR EDWARD J Bonney Lake 47.17198 -122.10001 7562 2305 658 201 GL N 20 E 6 31 1962 T3R3R SP?

WASHINGTON STATE 1 PHILLIPS PETROLEUM CO. Lake Tapps 47.18277 -122.10367 12920 3939 625 191 GL N 20 E 5 36 1963 T3R3R Cal., SP

BRANDT 1 MCCROSKY A E SYNDICATE

Kummer

Anticline 47.25790 -122.01697 3944 1202 657 200 KB N 21 E 6 34 1961 T3R3R

BRANDT 2 MCCROSKEY A E SYNDICATE

Kummer

Anticline 47.25887 -122.01749 3411 1040 629 192 GL N 21 E 6 34 1961 T3R3R SP

BLACK DIAMOND 4-13 VOYAGER PETROLE 47.32875 -121.91422 7270 2216 N 21 E 7 4 1983 Den

KSD 1 GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES INT'L Kent 47.41684 -122.16891 9291 2833 438 134 GL N 22 E 5 4 1967

BHC

T3R2R Cal., SP

SOCAL-SCHROEDER 1 STANDARD OIL OF CALIF.

Brier-Puget

Sound 47.79410 -122.26332 9675 2950 366 112 GL N 27 E 4 26 1972 BHC

CFD gg,

CNFD Cal., GR, SP

KINGSTON 1 MOBIL OIL Wildcat 47.80862 -122.49829 8648 2637 283 86 GL N 27 E 2 26 1972

BHC

T3R2R CFD gg Cal., GR, SP

POPE & TALBOT 18-1 UNION OIL OF CALIF Port Gamble 47.83406 -122.5892 4019 1225 190 58 GL N 27 E 2 18 1972

BHC

T3R3R Cal., SP

SOCAL WHIDBEY 1 STANDARD OIL OF CALIF. Whidbey Island 47.97520 -122.40491 6693 2041 446 136 GL N 29 E 3 27 1972

BHC

T3R2R CFD gg Cal., GR, SP

POPE & TALBOT 3-1 STANDARD OIL OF CALIF. Whidbey Island 48.05327 -122.55345 4375 1334 318 97 GL N 30 E 2 28 1962 T3R3R Cal., SP

ENGSTROM

COMMUNITY 1 STANDARD OIL OF CALIF. 48.09395 -122.58786 7353 2242 N 30 E 2 17 1958 Son

DUNGENESS 1 STANDARD OIL OF CALIF. Dungeness Area 48.16671 -123.13582 5105 1556 0 0 GL N 31 W 4 24 1965 T3R3R Cal., GR

R D MERRILL CO. 1 TEXACO INC Pysht Area 48.19199 -124.09622 8460 2579 240 73 GL N 31 W 11 10 1966 T3R3R Cal., SP

SILVANA COMMUNITY 12-1 STANDARD OIL OF CALIF. Silvana 48.19441 -122.23065 7419 2262 31 9 GL N 31 E 4 12 1958 T3R3R SP

MERRILL-RING 1 RUSSELL A. COBB, Jr. Pillar Point 48.21706 -124.13037 8519 2597 155 47 GL N 31 W 11 4 1960 T1R1R SP

SQUALICUM 1 WASHUTA DRILLING & Bellingham 48.77538 -122.35051 6180 1884 538 164 GL N 38 E 4 18 1968 CFD gg Cal.

ROSS 1 EL PASO NATURAL Wildcat 48.77798 -122.33031 4707 1435 695 212 GL N 38 E 4 17 1962 T3R3R Cal., SP

STREMLER 1 CAN-AMER PETROL., LTD Lynden 48.97983 -122.43848 8342 2543 122 37 GL N 40 E 3 4 1962 T3R3R Cal., SP
11

Table 2. Stratigraphy in oil test wells

Well Name Formation Depth (ft) Depth (m)

Montesano #1-X* Pleist. glacial

Top/Astoria Fm. (?) 250 76.2

Top/Lincoln Creek Fm. 900 274.4

Top/Humptulips Fm. 6100 1859.8

Kerryn BN #34-11®, TM Carbonado Fm. 0-4920 0-1500

Weyerhaeuser #1-29* in Astoria (?) Fm. 1700 518.3

Top/Lincoln Creek Fm. 3200 975.6

Blessing Siler Community #1®® Puget Group? 820-7544 250-2300

Washington State #1ß Pleistocene 0-850 0-259

Top/Spiketon Fm. 7000 259

Top/Northcraft Fm. 7650 2134

Top/Carbonado Fm. 12920 2332

Brandt #1®® Puget Group 984-4018 300-1225

Brandt #2®® Puget Group 656-3444 200-1050

Black Diamond #4-13®®® Quaternary Alluvium 0 0

Lower Puget Group 50 15

Raging River Fm.

regressive ss facies 1500 457

deeper water facies 4500 1372

transgressive ss facies 5500 1677

Basement? 6500 1982

KSD #1®®,ßßß Renton Fm. to 6870 to 2095

Top/Tukwilla Fm. 6870 2095

Top/Tiger Mountain Fm. 8700 2652

Schroeder #1* in Pleist. glacial

Top/Blakeley Fm. 680 207.3

Top/Renton Fm. 5660 1725.6

Top/Mt. Perris volc. rx. 8000 2439.0

Top/Puget Group 8850 2698.2

Kingston #1* in Pleist. glacial 500 152.4

Top/Blakeley Fm. 1720 524.4

Top/Puget Group correlative? 3500 1067.1

Top/Scow Bay ss 4800 1463.4

Pope & Talbot #18-1® Pleistocene 0 0
12

Top/Blakeley Fm. 1328 405

Top/Crescent Fm. 3369 1027

Soleduck #1®®, ßßß Ozette Melange (Eocene and

Miocene broken fm. and melange)

328-1066 100-325

Socal Whidbey #1* in Pleist. glacial 100 30.5

Top/Blakeley Fm. 600 182.9

indurated ss 6000 1829.3

Top/Crescent Fm. - Volcs. 6100 1859.8

Top/Scow Bay ss 6500 1981.7

Pope & Talbot #3-1** Pleistocene 0 0

Top/Blakeley Fm. (upper part) 672 205

Top/Blakeley Fm. (lower part) 2230 680

Top/ss of Scow Bay/unnamed

strata

3411 1040

Dungeness Unit #1-54®,*** Pleist. glacial 0 0.0

Top/Pleist. conglomerate 1560 476

Top/Twin River Fm. 3282 1000.6

Top/Crescent Fm. - Volcs. 6365 1940.5

Silvana Community #12-1* in Pleist. glacial 520 158.5

Top/Bulson Creek Fm. 900 274.4

Top/Basaltic volc. rocks 7350 2240.9

Merrill-Ring #1ßßß Upper and Middle Twin River

Group

to 5000 to 1524

Middle Twin River Group 5000 1524

Squalicum Lake #1®® Chuckanut Fm. 1886-5576 575-1700

Ross #1®® Pleistocene 0 0

Top/Chuckanut Fm. 843 257

Stremler #1®® Chuckanut and Huntingdon Fm. 2542-7380 775-2250

*Rau and Johnson (in press).

® Field notes of Howard Gower.

TM Gard (1968).

®® Written communication from S.Y. Johnson, 1998.

ß Brown and Ruth Laboratories, Inc. (1984).

®®® Proprietary industry report.

ßßß W. W. Rau, Washington State Dept. of Natural Resources, pers. comm., 1998.

**Johnson and others (1996).

***From MacFarland (1983).
13

Table 3. Linear regression of sonic velocities in oil test well logs

Wellname and number Formation Name Depth

Interval

(m)

Average

Velocity

(km/s)

Intercept

Velocity

(km/s)

Velocity

Gradient

(km/s/km)

R2

Kerryn BN #34-11 Carbonado Fm. 96-1481 4.36 3.83 0.84 0.32

Weyerhaeuser #1-29 All 532-1370 2.40 2.14 0.30 0.10

Weyerhaeuser #1-29 redrill Lincoln Creek Fm. 1059-1414 2.62 3.90 -1.01 0.10

Blessing Siler #1 Puget Group? 229-2304 3.68 3.39 0.33 0.10

Washington State #1 Puget Group 303-3472 3.74 2.91 0.54 0.52

Brandt #1 Puget Group 421-1199 3.49 3.17 0.52 0.05

Brandt #2 Pleistocene 149-202 1.45

Puget Group? 229-1037 3.31 2.55 1.49 0.23

KSD #1 Puget Group >2350 4.44 4.04 0.18 0.00

Socal-Schroeder #1 Pleist. deposits 0-207 1.59

Blakeley Fm. 207-1726 3.26 2.36 0.88 0.46

Renton Fm. 1726-2439 3.30 5.70 -1.09 0.12

Andesitic volc. rocks 2439-2698 3.78

Puget Group >2698 3.54

Kingston #1 Pleist. deposits 175-524 1.83 1.57 0.92 0.37

Eocene sed. rocks >524 2.88 2.04 0.85 0.44

Pope&Talbot #18-1 Pleistocene 0-405 N/A

Blakeley Fm. 405-1027 2.78 2.03 1.08 0.51

Crescent Fm. volc. 1027-1225 4.65

Socal-Whidbey #1 All 47-2040 2.69 1.80 1.09 0.78

Pleist. deposits 31-183 1.71

Blakeley Fm. 183-1829 2.77 2.01 0.86 0.73

Indurated Ss. 1829-1860 3.30

Crescent Fm. volc. 1860-1982 5.04

Scow Bay Ss. >1982 4.25

Pope&Talbot #3-1 All 165-1324 2.70 1.62 1.70 0.84

Pleistocene 0-205 1.57

Blakeley Fm. 205-680 2.43 2.09 0.84 0.27

Blakeley Fm. >680 2.98 1.26 1.96 0.75

Crescent Fm. volc. >1040 3.83

Dungeness #1 All Pleistocene? 236-850 2.28 1.97 0.70 0.09

Pleist. deposits? 0-625 2.14 2.31 -0.28 0.01

Pleist. conglomerates? 625-825 2.50

Twin River Fm.? 825-1500 2.59 1.73 0.74 0.50

Crescent Fm.? >1500 3.70

R.D. Merrill #1 All 302-1829 2.50 1.94 0.61 0.54

Silvana Comm. #12-1 All 160-2255 3.04 2.38 0.62 0.47

Pleist. deposits 159-274 2.17

Bulson Creek Fm. 274-2240 3.12 2.54 0.50 0.37

Basaltic volc. rocks >2240 4.87

Merrill-Ring #1 All 1465-2271 2.50 -0.69 1.80 0.58

Ross #1 Pleistocene 0-257 1.92

Chuckanut Fm. 257-620 3.60 2.48 2.90 0.36

Stremler #1 Chuckanut and

Huntingdon Fm.

765-2233 4.31 4.22 0.09 0.01
14

Table 4. Linear regression of densities in oil test well logs

Wellname and number Formation Name Depth

Interval

(m)

Average

Density

(g/cc)

Intercept

Density

(g/cc)

Density

Gradient

(g/cc)

R2

Montesano #1-X All 59-2112 2.16 2.04 0.10 0.44

Astoria (?) Fm. 76-274 2.11

Lincoln Creek Fm. 274-1860 2.15

Humptulips Fm. >1860 2.36

Kerryn BN #34-11 Carbonado Fm. 101-1475 2.61 2.57 0.05 0.08

Weyerhaeuser #1-29 All 532-1384 2.05 2.13 -0.08 0.06

Weyerhaeuser #1-29 redrill Lincoln Creek Fm. 1062-1417 2.28 2.71 -0.30 0.46

Black Diamond #4-13 All 205-1985 2.53 2.59 -0.06 0.07

Socal-Schroeder #1 Pleist. deposits 0-207 N/A

Blakeley Fm. 207-1726 2.49

Renton Fm. 1726-2439 2.23

Andesitic volc. rocks 2439-2698 2.19

Puget Group >2698 2.17

Kingston #1 Pleist. deposits 175-524 2.09 1.95 0.40 0.34

Eocene sed. rocks 524-1550 2.29 2.07 0.20 0.43

Soleduck #1 Tertiary broken fm? 96-316 2.20 2.11 0.50 0.10

Socal-Whidbey #1 Pleist. deposits 31-183 N/A

Blakeley Fm. 183-1829 2.23 2.03 0.20 0.56

Indurated Ss. 1829-1860 2.47

Crescent Fm. volc. 1860-1982 2.64

Scow Bay Ss. >1982 2.49

Squalicum #1 Chuckanut Fm. 610-1687 2.52 2.45 0.07 0.06

Figure 2.

Kerryn-BN #34-11, L. B. Petroleum

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

6000

6500

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Depth (m)

S

o

nic

V

elo

city (m

/s)

16

Carbonado Fm.
Figure 3.

Weyerhaeuser #1-29, Amoco Production Company

1700

1950

2200

2450

2700

2950

3200

3450

3700

3950

4200

500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400

Depth (m)

S

o

nic

V

elo

city (m

/s)

17

Astoria

F

m.

Lin

c

oln

Cre

e

k

F

m.

9

7

6

m

R

e

drill
Figure 4.

Blessing Siler Community #1, Edward J. Carr

1700

2200

2700

3200

3700

4200

4700

5200

5700

0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250

Depth (m)

S

o

nic

V

elo

city (m

/s)

18

Puget

Group
F

igure5.

WashingtonState#1,PhillipsPetroleumCompany

1800

2400

3000

3600

4200

4800

5400

6000

6600

0500100015002000250030003500

Depth(m)

Sonic Velocity (m/s)

19

Pleistocene

Spiketon Fm.

Norhcraft Fm.

Carbonado Fm.
F

igure6.

Brandt#1,A.E.McCroskey

1200

1800

2400

3000

3600

4200

4800

5400

025050075010001250

Depth(m)

Sonic Velocity (m/s)

20

PugetGroup?
Figure 7.

Brandt #2, A. E. McCroskey

1200

1800

2400

3000

3600

4200

4800

5400

0 250 500 750 1000 1250

Depth (m)

S

o

nic

V

elo

city (m

/s)

???

21

Pleistocene

deposits?

Puget Group
Figure 8.

KSD #1, Geothermal Resource International, Inc.

1800

2300

2800

3300

3800

4300

4800

5300

5800

2300 2350 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750

Depth (m)

S

o

nic

V

elo

city (m

/s)

22

Tukwila

Fm.

Tiger

Mountain

Fm.
Figure 9.

Socal-Schroeder #1, Standard Oil Co. of California

1000

1600

2200

2800

3400

4000

4600

5200

0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000

Depth (m)

S

o

nic

V

elo

city (m

/s)

Blakely

Fm.

Pleisto

c

e

n

e

gla

cial d

e

p

osits

Renton

Fm.

Mt. P

erris Volc. R

x.

Puget

Group

23
Figure 10.

Kingston #1, Mobil Oil Corporation

1400

1800

2200

2600

3000

3400

3800

4200

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Depth (m)

S

o

nic

V

elo

city (m

/s)

24

Blakely

Fm.

Puget

Group

correlative

Pleistocene

glacial

deposits

S

c

o

w

B

a

y

S

a

n

dsto

n

e
Figure 11.

Pope-Talbot #18-1, Union Oil Co. of California

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

5500

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Depth (m)

S

o

nic

V

elo

city (m

/s)

25

Pleistocene Blakely Fm. Crescent Fm.
F

igure12.

SocalWhidbey#1,StandardOilCo.ofCalifornia

1300

1900

2500

3100

3700

4300

4900

5500

025050075010001250150017502000

Depth(m)

Sonic Velocity (m/s)

26

Pleistocene glacial deposits

Blakely

Fm.

Crescent Fm.

Scow Bay Sandstone
Figure 13.

Pope & Talbot #3-1, Standard Oil Co. of California

1200

1700

2200

2700

3200

3700

4200

4700

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Depth (m)

S

o

nic

V

elo

city (m

/s)

27

Pleisto

c

e

n

e

d

e

p

osits

Blakely Fm.

(upper part)

Blakely Fm.

(lower part)

Scow Bay

Sandstone

and

Unnamed

strata
Figure 14.

Dungeness Spit #1, Standard-Union

1300

2000

2700

3400

4100

4800

5500

6200

6900

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Depth (m)

S

o

nic

V

elo

city (m

/s)

28

Pleistocene

glacial

deposits?

Pleistocene

conglomerate?

Pleisto

c

e

n

e

(n

ot

c

o

n

glo

m

erate)

Twin

River

Fm.?

Cresc

e

nt F

m.?
Figure 15.

R. D. Merrill Company #1, Texaco, Inc.

1200

1550

1900

2250

2600

2950

3300

3650

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Depth (m)

S

o

nic

V

elo

city (m

/s)

29
Figure 16.

Silvana Community #12-1, Standard Oil Co. of California

1400

2050

2700

3350

4000

4650

5300

5950

6600

0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250

Depth (m)

S

o

nic

V

elo

city (m

/s)

30

Pleistocene

glacial

deposits

Bulson

Creek

Fm.

B

asaltic

v

olc. ro

c

ks
Figure 17.

Merrill-Ring #1, Russell A. Cobb, Jr.

1400

1900

2400

2900

3400

3900

4400

4900

1420 1520 1620 1720 1820 1920 2020 2120 2220 2320

Depth (m)

S

o

nic

V

elo

city (m

/s)

31

Upper and

Middle

Twin

River

Group

Middle

Twin

River

Group
Figure 18.

Ross #1, El Paso Natural Gas

1300

1800

2300

2800

3300

3800

4300

4800

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

Depth (m)

S

o

nic

V

elo

city (m

/s)

32

Unconsolidated

deposits

Pleistocene

deposits

Chuckanut Fm.
Figure 19.

Stremler #1, Can American Petroleums, Ltd.

2700

3100

3500

3900

4300

4700

5100

5500

700 875 1050 1225 1400 1575 1750 1925 2100 2275 2450

Depth (m)

S

o

nic

V

elo

city (m

/s)

33

Chuckanut

and

Huntingdon

Fms.
Figure 20.

Montesano I-X, El Paso Products Company

1.90

1.98

2.06

2.14

2.22

2.30

2.38

2.46

2.54

0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250

Depth (m)

D

e

nsity (g

/

c

c)

34

Humptulips

Fm.

Lincoln

Creek

Fm.

Astoria (?) F

m.

Pleisto

c

e

n

e

gla

cial d

e

p

osits
Figure 21.

Kerryn-BN #34-11, L. B. Petroleum

2.20

2.28

2.36

2.44

2.52

2.60

2.68

2.76

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Depth (m)

D

e

nsity (g

/

c

c)

35

Carbonado

Fm.
Figure 22.

Weyerhaeuser #1-29, Amoco Production Company

1.70

1.80

1.90

2.00

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400

Depth (m)

D

e

nsity (g

/

c

c)

36

Astoria

(?)

Fm.

redrill

Lincoln

Creek

Fm.
Figure 23.

Black Diamond #4-13, Voyager Petroleums

2.10

2.20

2.30

2.40

2.50

2.60

2.70

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Depth (m)

D

e

nsity (g

/

c

c)

37

Lower

Puget

Group

Raging

River

Fm.

B

ase

m

e

nt?
Figure 24.

Socal-Schroeder #1, Standard Oil Co. of California

1.80

1.95

2.10

2.25

2.40

2.55

2.70

2.85

0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000

Depth (m)

D

e

nsity (g

/

c

c)

38

Blakely

Fm. Renton

Fm.

Puget

Group

Mt. Perris

volc.

rocks
Figure 25.

Kingston #1, Mobil Oil Corporation

1.77

1.89

2.01

2.13

2.25

2.37

2.49

2.61

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

Depth (m)

D

e

nsity (g

/

c

c)

39

Pleistocene

glacial

deposits

Blakely

Fm.

Puget

Group

Correlative

Scow

Bay

Sandstone
Figure 26.

Soleduck #1, Eastern Petroleum

1.88

1.96

2.04

2.12

2.20

2.28

2.36

2.44

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Depth (m)

D

e

nsity (g

/

c

c)

40

Ozette Melange

(Eocene and

Miocene broken

formation and

melange)
Figure 27.

Socal Whidbey #1, Standard Oil Co. of California

1.98

2.10

2.22

2.34

2.46

2.58

2.70

2.82

0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000

Depth (m)

D

e

nsity (g

/

c

c)

???

41

Blakely Fm.

Cresc

e

nt F

m.
Figure 28.

Squalicum Lake #1, Washuta Drilling Company

2.24

2.31

2.38

2.45

2.52

2.59

2.66

2.73

575 700 825 950 1075 1200 1325 1450 1575 1700 1825

Depth (m)

D

e

nsity (g

/

c

c)

43

All

Chuckanut

Fm.
Figure 29.

Kerryn-BN #34-11, L. B. Petroleum

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Depth (m)

T

w

o-W

a

y

Tra

v

el Tim

e (se

c)

43
Figure 30.

Weyerhaeuser #1-29, Amoco Production Company

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Depth (m)

T

w

o-Way

Travel Time (sec)

44
Figure 31.

Blessing Siler Community #1, Edward J. Carr

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Depth (m)

T

w

o-W

a

y

Tra

v

el Tim

e (se

c)

45
Figure 32.

Washington State #1, Phillips Petroleum Company

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

Depth (m)

T

w

o-Way

Travel Time (sec)

46
F

igure33,

Brandt#1,A.E.McCroskey

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

025050075010001250

Depth(m)

Two-Way Travel Time (sec)

47
Figure 34.

Brandt #2, A. E. McCroskey

0.0

0.5

0 250 500 750 1000 1250

Depth (m)

T

w

o-Way

Travel Time (sec)

48
Figure 35.

KSD #1, Geothermal Resource International, Inc.

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

2300 2350 2400 2450 2500 2550 2600 2650 2700 2750

Depth (m)

T

w

o-W

a

y

Tra

v

el Tim

e (se

c)

49
Figure 36.

Socal-Schroeder #1, Standard Oil Co. of California

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Depth (m)

T

w

o-Way

Travel Time (sec)

50
Figure 37.

Kingston #1, Mobil Oil Corporation

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Depth (m)

T

w

o-Way

Travel Time (sec)

51
Figure 38.

Pope-Talbot #18-1, Union Oil Co. of California

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Depth (m)

T

w

o-Way

Travel Time (sec)

52
Figure 39.

Socal Whidbey #1, Standard Oil Co. of California

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250

Depth (m)

T

w

o-Way

Travel Time (sec)

53
Figure 40.

Pope & Talbot #3-1, Standard Oil Co. of California

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Depth (m)

T

w

o-Way

Travel Time (sec)

54
Figure 41.

Dungeness Spit #1, Standard-Union

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Depth (m)

T

w

o-W

a

y

Tra

v

el Tim

e (se

c)

55
Figure 42.

R. D. Merrill Company #1, Texaco, Inc.

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.6

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Depth (m)

T

w

o-Way

Travel Time (sec)

56
Figure 43.

Silvana Community #12-1, Standard Oil Co. of California

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

Depth (m)

T

w

o-W

a

y

Tra

v

el Tim

e (se

c)

57
Figure 44.

Merrill-Ring #1, Russell A. Cobb, Jr.

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1420 1520 1620 1720 1820 1920 2020 2120 2220 2320

Depth (m)

T

w

o-W

a

y

Tra

v

el Tim

e (se

c)

58
Figure 45.

Ross #1, El Paso Natural Gas

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700

Depth (m)

T

w

o-W

a

y

Tra

v

el Tim

e (se

c)

59
Figure 46.

Stremler #1, Can American Petroleums, Ltd.

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

700 875 1050 1225 1400 1575 1750 1925 2100 2275

Depth (m)

T

w

o-Way

Travel Time (sec)

60