STATE OF OREGON AIR QUALITY CONTROL PROGRAM 


VOLUME 2: STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 

SECTION 4.50 

Portland-Vancouver Air Quality Maintenance Area 


(Oregon Portion) 


And Salem-Keizer Area Transportation Study 


(SKATS) 


Ozone Maintenance Plan 


Adopted by the Environmen~al Quality 


Commission 


February 22, 2007 


Oregon Department of Environmental Quality 


Air Quality Division 
 State of Oregon 

Department of 811 SW 6th Avenue 

Environmental Portland, Oregon 97204 

Quality 
·Portland-Vancouver 


Air Quality Maintenance Area 


(Oregon Portion) 


and 


Salem-Keizer Area 


Ozone Maintenance Plan 


Oregon Department of Environmental Quality 


811 SW Sixth Avenue 


Portland, OR 97204 


Adopted by the Environmental Quality Commission 


February 22, 2007 


Adopted by the EQC 02122107 1 
Oregon State Implementation Plan 

Section 4.50 


Portland-Vancouver AQMA 


(Oregon portion) 


And 


Salem-Keizer Area 


8-hour Ozone Maintenance Plan 


Table of Contents 


Section Subsection Section Heading Page 

i I Executive Summary 5 

4.50.1 Background 6 

4.50.1.1 • Portland-Vancouver AQMA (Oregon ~ortiol"l) I 71 

4.50.1.2 • Salem SKATS 8 i 

4.50.2 Ozone Trends and Com~liance with Standards 10 

4.50.3 I I Attainment Inventory (2002) 12 

4.50.4 . Control Strategies 14 

4.50.4.1 I 14 • Portland-Vancouver AQMA (Oregon ~ortionl 

4.50.4.2 • Salem SKATS I 19 

4.50.5 Maintenance Demonstration 20 i 4.50.5.1 • Ozone Modeling Stud}" jQJ 

I 4.50.5.2 • Growth projections .. .. _ I 21 i 

I 

4.50.5.3 • Forecast and Maintenance Inventory (2015) 22 

4.50.5.4 1 26 ! • Maintenance Demonstration (2015) 

n.50.6 Air Quality Monitoring 27 i 

4.50.7 Contingency Plan 28

4.50.7.1 Request to Remove 1-hour Contingency Plan 28 • 

I I 4.50.7.2 28 • Portland-Vancouver AQMA 

4.50.7.3 • Salem SKATS 30 . 

4.50.8 I I Verification of Continued Attainment I 31 i 

For more information 

If you have questions or would like more information, including a copy of the proposed rule 

revisions or appendices, please contact Marianne Fitzgerald at DEQ's Air Quality Division in 

Portland at (503) 229-5946, or fitzgerald.marianne@deq.state.or.us. 

-


Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 2 
List of Tables ! Subject Page 

1 i 8-hour Ozone, Maximum Values (1998, 2003-2005) 

Table No. 

11 

2 8-hour Ozone, Fourth High Design Values (1998,2003-2005) 12 

3 Portland and Salem 2002 Annual Emissions (tons/year) 13 

4 Portland Area 2002 Attainment Inventories (lb/day) 13 

5 Salem Area 2002 Attainment Inventories (Ib/day) 14 

Portland and Salem Area Population Projections 
 21 .

7 


6 

Portland-Area 2015 Maintenance Demonstration (Ib/day, tons/year) 24 

8 Portland Area VOC and NOx Emissions (Ib/day), % Change 24 

9 Salem-Area 2015 Maintenance Demonstration (Ib/day) 25 i 

Salem Area VOC and NOx Emissions (lb/day), % Change 25 

11 

10 

27 i 

12 

2015 Maintenance Demonstration (ozone values) 

Portland Area VOC and NOx and CO Emissions (tons/year) 40 i 

13 Salem Area VOC and NOx and CO Emissions (tons/year) 40 

14 47 I 

15 

2002 Emissions Inventory Grouped by Source Category Codes 

2015 Emissions Inventory Grouped by Source Category Codes 48 i 

L"ISt 0 fFIgures 

Figure No. Subject Page 

1 Portland-Vancouver AQMA (map) 8 

2 Salem SKATS Air Quality Area (map) 9 

3 Portland-Vancouver and Salem 8-Hour Ozone Values 11 

4 Portland Area VOC and NOx Emissions (Ib/day) and 2015 

Maintenance Demonstration 

23 

5 Salem Area VOC and NOx Emissions (Ib/day) and 2015 

Maintenance Demonstration 

23 

6 Portland Vancouver and Salem Ozone Maintenance 

Demonstration 

26 1 

7 Top Ten Sources, Portland 41 

8 Top Ten Sources, Salem 42 

! 

i 

No. Subject Page 

D10-1 Ozone Monitoring Network (Portland-Vancouver and Salem) 33 

D10-2 1992 to 2005 Meteorological Factors Conducive to Ozone 37 

Formation in the Portland-Vancouver Area (ODEQ, April 2006) 

I D10-3 Emission Inventory 38 

• Annual Emissions Inventory 

• Typical Summer Day Emission Inventory 

• Summary of Portland AQMA Emissions 

• Summary of Salem-Keizer Area Emissions 


D10-4 
 Historical and Future Ozone Simulations Using the 49 

MM5/SMOKE/CMAQ System in the Portland-Vancouver Area 

. (WSU, December 31, 2005) 

D10-5 Economic Report to the Metro Council, 2000-2030 Regional 50 

Forecast for the Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan Area (Metro's i Data Resource Center, December 2002 final draft) i 

i D10-6 . Modeled Attainment Test 51 

A~ppend"Ices 

Adopted by the EOC 02122107 3 
4.50.0 Acknowledgement and Summary 

4.50.0.1 Acknowledgements - Without the efforts of numerous individuals in state and local governments who are dedicated to 

healthy air, this maintenance plan would not have been possible. Special appreciation goes to: 

Principal Authors: Marianne Fitzgerald and David Collier, DEQ Air Quality Planning 

Principal Contributors: 

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality 

Andy Ginsburg Division Administrator, Air Quality 

Dick Pedersen' Division Administrator, Northwest Region 

David Collier Manager, Air Quality Planning 

Cory Ann Wind Acting Manager, Northwest Region Air Quality 

Cheryll Hutchens Manager, Western Region Air Quality 

Gerry Preston Manager, Air Quality Technical Services 

Jeffrey Stocum Acting Manager, Air Quality Technical Services 

Wes Risher Air Quality Technical Services 

Svetlana Lazarev Air Quality Technical Services 

Chris Swab Air Quality Technical Services 

Phil Allen Air Quality Technical Services 

Susan Drake Northwest Region Air Quality 

Karen White-Fallon Western Region Air Quality 

Southwest Clean Air Agency 

Bob Elliott Executive Director 

Paul Mairose Chief Engineer 

Wade Strange Air Quality Engineer (former) 

Laurie Hulse-Moyer Air Quality Scientist 

Washington Department of Ecology 

Doug Schneider Air Quality Program, SIP Coordination 

Clint Bowman Air Quality Program, Meteorology 

Sally Otterson Air Quality Program, Emission Inventories 

Cristiana Figueroa-Kaminsky Air Quality Program (former) 

Metro 

Mark Turpel 

Pam Peck 

Andy Cotugno 

Salem-Keizer Area Transportation Study 


Mike Jaffe 


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Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 4 
4.50.0.2 Executive Summary 

The Portland area has violated federal clean air standards for ground level ozone (commonly 

known as smog) as recently as 1998. In 1996, the Oregon Department of Environmental 

Quality (DEQ) and the Southwest Clean Air Agency (SWCM) developed Ozone Maintenance 

Plans for the Portland-Vancouver Air Quality Maintenance Area (AQMA) that included several 

strategies to reduce air pollutants and ensure compliance with the one-hour ozone standard. 

These strategies were successful in reducing smog forming emissions and no violations of the 

ozone standard have occurred in the Portland-Vancouver area since 1998. 

In 1997, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) revised the national ambient air 

quality standard (NMQS) for ozone from a one-hour average of 0.12 parts per million (ppm) to 

an 8-hour average of 0.08 ppm, and in 2005 EPA revoked the one-hour ozone standard. This 

2006 ozone maintenance plan is a revision to the 1996 maintenance plan for the PortlandVancouver area, and ensures continued compliance with the new 8-hour ozone standard 

through at least 2015. The plan also includes an ozone maintenance plan for the Salem-Keizer 

Area Transportation Study (SKATS) air quality area. Both the Portland-Vancouver and Salem 

areas are included in the ozone modeling and maintenance analysis. An ozone maintenance 

plan update for the Vancouver portion of the Portland-Vancouver AQMA is being prepared by 

the Southwest Clean Air Agency in Vancouver, Washington. These plans are required by the 

federal Clean Air Act, federal regulations and EPA guidance. 

This 2006 maintenance plan continues the same strategies adopted for the Portland-Vancouver 

AQMA in 1996 to reduce and manage volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitrogen oxide 

(NOx) emissions. Air quality data and projections show that ozone levels can still occasionally 

approach or exceed the 8-hour ozone standard in the Portland-Vancouver area, but that with 

the existing strategies in place, both the Portland and Salem areas will maintain compliance with 

the 8-hour ozone standard. The suite of strategies described below work together to protect air 

quality as growth and population pressures increase over the next ten years. Implementing this 

suite of strategies will also reduce emissions of air toxics and greenhouse gases that are 

important emerging issues of concern. 

The following strategies will remain in the Portland.;.Vancouver Ozone Maintenance Plan as they 

currently apply to sources in the Portland area: 

• 	 Motor Vehicle Inspection Program; 

• 	 Emission Standards for Industrial Sources of VOC; 

• 	 New Source Review Program for new and expanding major industrial facilities; 

• 	 Voluntary Parking Ratio Rules; 

• 	 Barge Loading Rules that control VOCs from gasoline delivery operations; 

• 	 Aerosol Paint Rules that lower VOC content from spray paints sold in the Portland area; 

• 	 Motor Vehicle Refinishing Rules that require low-emitting painting methods at autobody 

repair shops; and 

• 	 Public education and outreach that encourages people to voluntarily reduce emissions, 

such as not mowing lawns and driving less on Clean Air Action Days (now called Air 

Pollution Advisories). 

Strategies that have reduced VOC emissions in the Salem SKATS air quality area will also 

remain in place, including emission standards for existing industrial sources of VOC. 

-
 The 2006 maintenance plan includes updates to several programs: 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 	 5 
• 	 Revised rules for Employee Commute Options in the Portland Area to reduce 

administrative burdens while maintaining alternative commute programs at larger 

employers; - • 	 Updated rules for Industrial Emission Management in the Portland area, to reestablish 

the growth allowance for new and expanding major industrial sources and ensure that 

the ozone standard will not be violated even under conservative industrial growth 

assumptions; 

• 	 Designated Salem/SKATS as an ozone maintenance area under state rules; 

• 	 Revised rules for new and expanding major industrial sources in the Salem area, to 

remove the most stringent industrial emission control equipment requirements for 

sources in nonattainment areas, known as Lowest Achievable Emission Rate, and 

replace them with emission control requirements known as Best Achievable Control 

Technology that are consistent with what is required in Portland and continue to provide 

a high level of emission control; and 

• 	 Amended DEQ rules to reflect the new federal ozone air quality standard, from the old 

one-hour standard (which EPA has revoked) to the current federal 8-hour standard of 

0.08 ppm, three year rolling average. 

DEQ is tracking legal issues which may result in a need to amend the maintenance plan in the 

future. This maintenance plan was prepared under the guidance of EPA's 2004 Final Rule to 

Implement the 8-Hour Ozone NMQS-Phase 1 (69 FR 23951, 40 CFR 51.900). On December 

22,2006 the U.S. Court of Appeals released a decision to "vacate the 2004 rule and remand the 

matter to EPA" (South Coast Air Quality Management District v. EPA). In particular, the court 

ruled that certain requirements adopted for the 1-hour ozone standard, such as conformity and 

contingency plans, must be retained to prevent backsliding. Depending on how EPA interprets 

the court's decision in new guidance and rules, this maintenance plan may need to be 

amended. In the interim, the existing 1-hour ozone maintenance plan requirements will remain 

federally enforceable until EPA approves this 8-hour ozone maintenance plan. 

4.50.1 Background 

Ground level ozone, also known as smog, is an air pollutant formed in the atmosphere by a 

chemical reaction of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). This 

reaction is most intense on hot summer days with poor ventilation. Ozone is a strong 

respiratory system irritant that aggravates respiratory illnesses, impairs athletic performance, 

and can cause permanent respiratory system damage. Ozone can be especially harmful to 

older people and children, and can damage crops and other materials. In the past, motor 

vehicles and industrial operations have been the major sources of ozone precursors. Now, 

other sources such as household products, paints, construction equipment, watercraft and 

lawnmowers are major contributors to ozone formation. 

Historically, the Portland-Vancouver and Salem-Keizer areas violated the national ambient air 

quality standard (NMQS) for ground level ozone1

• The Portland-Vancouver Air Quality 

Maintenance Area (AQMA) and the Salem-Keizer Area Transportation Study (SKATS) areas 

were deSignated nonattainment for ozone on March 3, 1978 under the 1977 Clean Air Act 

Amendments. Plans were subsequently developed to reduce ozone precursor emissions of 

vac and NOx, and bring the areas into compliance (attainment) with standards. Under the 

1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, the Portland-Vancouver AQMA was deSignated a "marginal" 

-


-


1 Ozone monitoring sites were established in Oregon beginning in the early 1970s (see Appendix 010-1). 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 	 6 
ozone nonattainment area, and Salem-Keizer Transportation Area Study was designated 

"nonattainmentJinsufficient data". 

4.50.1.1 Portland-Vancouver AQMA 

Over several decades, efforts to reduce smog forming emissions in the Portland area have 

included a combination of federal, state, and local emission control strategies. The first State 

Implementation Plan was adopted in 1972; the first Portland-Vancouver AQMA Ozone 

Attainment Plan was adopted on July 16, 1982 and approved by EPA on October 7, 1982. 

Some of the control strategies in the 1982 ozone attainment plan included a vehicle inspection 

and maintenance program for Portland-area motor vehicles (1975), motor vehicle trip reduction 

and traffic flow improvements and measures; and industrial VOC controls (1978). Area source 

controls on gasoline station vapors were added in 1991. The original ozone maintenance plans 

for Portland-Vancouver were adopted by the Oregon Environmental Quality Commission (EQC) 

on July 12, 1996 and the Board of Directors of the Southwest Air Pollution Control Authority on 

March 19, 1996. The Portland and Vancouver Interstate AQMA Ozone Maintenance Plans 

were approved by EPA on May 19, 1997 (62 FR 27204). 

A violation of the one-hour ozone standard did occur in July 1998 at the Carus monitoring site 

(see Appendix D1 0-1). The violation occurred during a time when the one-hour ozone standard 

was temporarily revoked so it did not trigger the one-hour ozone contingency plan. DEQ's 

analysis demonstrated that this violation occurred before all emission reduction measures had 

been fully implemented so no additional measures were needed. Since 1998, there have been 

no violations of the one-hour ozone standard, and no violations of the 8-hour ozone standard. 

In 1997, the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) revised the ozone standard from a 

one-hour average of 0.12 parts per million (ppm) to an 8-hour average of 0.08 ppm. After a 

lengthy legal challenge, the courts upheld the 8-hour ozone standard in 2002. EPA adopted 

rules to implement the 8-hour ozone standard on April 30, 2004, and revoked the one-hour 

standard effective June .15, 2005. EPA designated the State of Oregon 

"Unclassifiable/Attainment" with the 8-hour ozone standard, effective June 15, 2004 (69 FR 

23858, April 30, 2004). 

EPA rules to implement the 8-hour ozone standard (69 FR 23951, April 30, 2004) require DEQ 

to prepare this 2006 maintenance plan update for the Portland-Vancouver area to ensure 

continued compliance with the 8-hour ozone standard. In accordance with the same EPA rules, 

Oregon also requests that EPA remove the obligation to prepare a second one-hour ozone 

maintenance plan. 

Meteorological and population growth factors over the past ten years indicate that the number of 

days with elevated ozone levels should have risen, but instead has remained relatively stable 

(see Appendix D10-2). Ozone levels have been going down slightly while the population and 

vehicle miles traveled continued to grow. An analysis that compared episodes with the highest 

ozone values in 1998 with episodes with similar meteorology in 2003 showed that maximum 

ozone values were lower in 2003 than 1998 despite similar temperatures, wind speeds and 

solar radiation levels. This stable ozone trend indicates that the ozone strategies that reduced 

emissions are working. 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 7 
Figure 1: Portland-Vancouver Interstate Air Quality Maintenance Area 

-

Ltogeud 

{j Ololl,lioui,o,,: l.Z,3,~ 

V'II.~U,·tr :\Q)\L\ 

Portblld .\QlL-I. 

-Hi:hwaYl 

-Roadt 

-

4.50.1.2 Salem-Keizer Area Transportation Study (SKATS) Air Quality Area 

The Salem area marginally violated the federal air quality standard for ozone in the 1970s and 

was designated an ozone nonattainment area on March 3, 1978 under the 1977 Clean Air Act 

Amendments. The Mid-Willamette Valley Council of Governments recommended the 

nonattainment area as the area within the Salem-Keizer Area Transportation Study boundary 

(SKATS) (see Figure 2). This includes portions of Marion and Polk County, including the cities 

of Salem and Keizer. 

Salem's ozone concentrations are influenced by emissions of ozone precursors in the Portland 

area. In 1979 the Salem area was defined under EPA guidelines as a "rural" ozone 

nonattainment area, and an Attainment Plan was adopted by the EQC in September, 1980 and 

approved by EPA on April 12, 1982. Salem's attainment plan under the rural ozone policy 

consists of three elements: 1) controls on major existing sources of volatile organiC compounds 

under Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT) rules, 2) controls on major new vac 

sources under Lowest Achievable Emission Rate (LAER) rules, and 3) an approved plan for the 

Portland-Vancouver AQMA, which is the major urban area upwind of Salem. All of these 

program elements remain in place. 

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Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 8 
-- Figure 2: Salem-Keizer Area Transportation Study Air Quality Area 

-


DEQ had developed a maintenance plan and requested redesignation of the Salem SKA TS to 

attainment in 1987, but EPA returned the plan because EPA did not believe it contained 

sufficient emission inventory data and forecasts. Due to low ambient ozone levels and agency 

budget cuts, DEQ discontinued the Salem ozone monitor from 1987 through 1994 and was not 

able to complete the necessary planning work for redesignation. Under the 1990 Clean Air Act 

Amendments, SKATS was designated a nonattainment area with incomplete data. In 1995, 

DEQ reinstated the ozone monitor to support development of a maintenance plan for Salem, but 

was unable to secure staffing resources to complete the plan. 

No violations of the federal one-hour standard have been recorded at the SalemfTurner ozone 

monitoring site since 1996, and no violations of the 8-hour ozone standard have ever been 

recorded (see Figure 3 and Tables 1 and 2). Salem SKATS was designated in attainment with 

the 8-hour ozone NAAQS effective June 15, 2004 (69 FR 23858, April 30,2004). 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 9 
4.50.2 Ozone Trends and Compliance with Standards 

- Figure 3 shows the ozone trends measured at monitoring sites for the Portland, Vancouver, and 

Salem areas for the period 1997 through 2005. Table 1 shows the highest maximum 8-hour 

average ozone concentrations measured for 19982

, 2003, 2004, and 2005. While these peak 

values are important in assessing public health risk, they are not used to determine official 

compliance with the federal ozone standard. Compliance with the standard is based on a 

statistical method that looks at the three year average of the 4th highest (maximum 8-hr 

average) ozone value each year. If the three-year average of the 4th highest value at any 

monitoring site exceeds the standard, the area is in violation. Table 2 shows the rolling threeyear average of 4th high values for 1998, 2003, 2004, and 2005. It is these "design values" that 

are compared to the 0.08 ppm ozone standard to determine compliance. Under EPA's 

calculation convention, a value of 0.084 ppm would round down to 0.08 ppm (i.e. in 

compliance), while a value of 0.085 ppm or higher would be a violation. 

Key ozone monitoring sites include the "Carus" site in Portland, "Mountain View" site in 

Vancouver, and the "Turner" site in Salem (see Appendix 010-1). 

The values illustrated in Tables 1 and 2, together with the 2015 Maintenance Demonstration 

described in Section 4.50.5.4 show that ozone levels can still occasionally approach or exceed 

the 8-hour ozone standard in the Portland-Vancouver area, but that with the existing strategies 

in place, the region will maintain compliance with the 8-hour ozone standard. DEQ's analysis in 

Section 4.50.5.4 suggests that there is not currently a need to add new ozone strategies for the 

Portland and Salem areas, but that existing emission reduction and growth management 

strategies should be continued with revisions described in Section 4.50.4. 

-

2 1998 is included in the table because that year had the most recent violation of the 1-hour ozone 

standard in Portland and the July 1998 episode was used in the modeling analysis. 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22107 10 
.­ Figure 3: Portland-Vancouver and Salem 8-Hour Ozone Values 

8-hour Ozone Air Quality (1997-2005) 

3 year averages of the 4th highest daily ozone value 

0.100 -r--------------------------, 

=0.090 

~ 1r;1.?:-~o-ne-A-:-:Q:-:S::-:-ta-nd-:-a--,rd:-:09-;;:-·08:-::5""'p-pm"'-'·I.................., ..................................................................................................... 1 


~ '0 0.080 ..' ' ~ • Ozone Monitoring Sites . )(, '\ I! " " 

(11)1(''' /e iii 0.070 ". '.."." '" ' ' , , '" , • ... , ' ..' , "" , ,., ,~".. .. ~ Portland arus 

f 

& 

~~",." :~'~, ~~ """.':~~....... ~ 1-~. :::::~:;~:~;~~:and ..... 

! 0.060 -' --'\:-",-~-~ 

", .' 

----~;':J" 

. ~. "" ....~~~ . , .... , .. ~ , , SalemlTurner I ia.. , . ''::' ,~- -'-,' .....:- ..... • --*-Vancouver/MtnView 

-; 0.050 
 c 


~ 

~ 0.040 


0.030 +-----,------,- .--..,..,--.--r---.--,----,.----,--.--,--.--i - 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 

i 

Year 

Table 1: 8-Hour Ozone Maximum Values 

8-hour ozone standard =0.08 ppm 

Exceedance ~ 0.085 ppm maximum daily 8-hour average 

Monitoring Site 

Portland/Carus 

Portland/Milwaukie 

! Portland/Sauvie 

, Island 

1998 

8-hour 

Maximum 

0.116 

0.100 

0.077 

2003 

8-hour 

Maximum 

0.084 

0.068 

0.073 

2004 

8-hour 

Maximum 

0.084 

0.077 

0.061 

2005 

8-hour 

Maximum 

0.079 

0.063 

0.065 

I 

I 

I Vancouver/ 

I Mountain View 

0.078 0.077 0.066 0.076 

SalemlTurner 0.098 0.080 0.068 0.080 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 11 
Table 2: a-Hour Ozone 4th High, Design Values -


Design Value = 4th highest 8-hour average, averaged over three years 


8-hour ozone standard = 0.08 ppm 


Violation;:: 0.085 ppm design value 


2005 ! I Monitoring Site 1998 Design ! 2003 2004 I Value Design i Design Design 

Value3 Value Value 

i Portland/Carus 0.080 I 0.070 I 0.068 0.068 

i Portland/Milwaukie • 0.066 0.060 I 0.059 0.055 

! Portland/Sauvie 0.065 0.060 0.062 0.060 I I i i Island 

i Vancouverl 0.065 0.063 0.061 0.060 i I i i Mountain View i I 

I SalemlTurner I 0.076 I 0.060 l 0.065 0.065 I 

4.50.3 Attainment Inventory 

DEQ developed an attainment emission inventory for the year 2002. The emission inventory 

reflects detailed estimates of emissions from all sources, grouped into four major categories: 

• 	 Industrial Point Sources (sources with a DEQ air quality permit), 

• 	 On-Road Mobile Sources (e.g. motor vehicles and trucks), 

• 	 Non-Road Mobile Sources (e.g. lawnmowers, construction equipment and other 


engines), and 


• 	 Area Sources (e.g. household products, print shops, degreasing and surface coating 

operations, pesticide application, open burning and wildfires). 

The 2002 Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule (CERR) emissions data submitted by DEQ 

and SWCAA to EPA's National Emission Inventory (NEI) were used as the basis for the 2002 

attainment year inventory. This 2002 county-by-county annual inventory was developed 

following the currently accepted methodologies for the National Emission Inventory. Appendix 

D10-3 and Appendix D10-4 describe the emissions inventory calculations in more detail. 

Table 3 contains the annual countywide estimates for the Portland-Vancouver AQMA, Oregon 

portion (Clackamas, Multnomah and Washington Counties) and Salem SKATS (Marion and 

Polk Counties) in tons/year. Tables 4 and 5 contain the countywide estimates, seasonally 

adjusted for a typical summer day. Tables 4 and 5 are considered the "attainment inventory" for 

the Portland-Vancouver AQMA and Salem-Keizer area Ozone Maintenance Plan. 

EPA guidance requires an emission inventory for three pollutants: VOC, NOx and carbon 

monoxide (CO). VOC and NOx are the most critical precursor emissions that contribute to 

ozone formation, so these pollutants are highlighted in the emission inventory tables throughout 

this maintenance plan. 

-


3 2003 Design Value was used to determine the attainment designation for Portland-Vancouver AQMA 

(January 22, 2004 letter from DEQ to EPA). Design value is calculated using the 4th highest ozone value - at each monitoring site, averaged over 3 years. 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 	 12 
Table 3: Portland and Salem 2002 Annual Emissions (tons/year) 

Portland Area 2002 Attainment Inventory Salem-Area 2002 Attainment Inventory 

Annual Emissions (tons/year) Annual Emissions (tons/year) 

Clackamas, Multnomah, Washington Counti Marion, Polk Counties 

2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 2002 

Source Type VOC NOx CO Source TYPE VOC NOx CO 

AREA 92,946 5,808 104,621 AREA 20,297 1,646 34,547 

NON·ROAD 13,247 17,344 153,204 NON ROAD 2,401 3,159 27,025 

ON-ROAD 23,683 36,786 288,435 ON-ROAD 9,331 11,276 116,116 

POINT 3,056 2,522 2,214 POINT 218 302 30 

Total 132,931 62,461 548,474 Total 32,247 16,383 177,719 

Area source emissions were calculated following EPA guidance for the 2002 NEI. Area sources 

are the largest category of emission sources. Some of the significant area sources of voe 

emissions in both Portland and Salem include surface coating and household consumer 

products. Graphic arts and degreasing operations are also significant area sources of voe 

emissions in the Portland area, and agricultural open burning and gasoline storage and 

transportation are significant sources of voe emissions in the Salem area, on a typical summer 

day. 

Non..:road mobile source emissions were calculated using EPA's draft NONROAD2002 model 

and other methods following EPA guidance for the NEI. Significant sources of non-road voe 

emissions include 2-stroke and 4-stroke gasoline engines such as lawn and garden and 

. - construction equipment, as well as diesel engines, boats and personal watercraft . 

On-road mobile source emissions were calculated using Mobile 6.2 emissions and traffic data 

from the Oregon Department of Transportation. Gasoline vehicles are a major source of voe 

and NOx emissions, as well as diesel powered vehicles. 

Table 4: Portland Area 2002 Attainment Inventories (Ib/day) 

Portland Area 2002 Attainment Inventory 

Typical Summer Day, Ib/day 

Clackamas, Multnomah, Washington Counties 

2002 2002 2002 

Source Type VOC NOx CO 

AREA 253,871 5,529 26,644 

BIOGENIC 437,910 3,890 

NON-ROAD 110,188 136,713 1,202,805 

ON-ROAD 139,542 216,750 1,699,493 

POINT 17,020 14,913 12,202 

Total 958,531 377,794 2,941,144 

Portland Area 

2002 VOC Attainment Inventory 

f'l:)N.ROAO ;. ";. 


I 

11%


•• 

~ SIOGeIC ,,"",,"ROAD ~ '" QN.ROAO. "'NT I 

Portland Area 

NOx Attainment Inventory 

";:. ."'-,.---A:!". ~ ~~AO 

ON-ROA 

..% 
 I ~rtland Area 2002 CO Attainment Inventory 

FONT A~ ~ 

!. ~~""" ~'" - -," .':" 0% M:)N.RQAO 

QN.ROA v, 41% 

5.% 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 13 
BIOOENIC 61% 65% 

- Table 5: Salem Area 2002 Attainment Inventories (Ib/day) 

Salem-Area 2002 Attainment Inventory 


Typical Summer Day, Ib/day 


Marion, Polk Counties 


2002 2002 2002 

Source Type VOC NOx CO 

AREA 66,252 6,227 148,513 

BIOGENIC 296,719 3,803 

NON ROAD 20,462 28,793 219,294 

ON-ROAD 54,980 66,442 684,169 

POINT 1,198 1,701 188 

Point source emissions for the 2002 Attainment Inventory are based on data submitted by 

permitted facilities and reflect actual 2002 emissions reported in annual permit reports to OEQ. 

Within the Portland-Vancouver AQMA, industrial point sources that emit more than 10 tons/year 

of VOC, 40 tons/year of NOx, or 100 tons/year of CO were inventoried. Outside of the PortlandVancouver AQMA (including Salem), point sources that emit more than 40 tons/year of NOx or 

100 tons/year of VOC or CO were inventoried. Stack parameters, activity, and exact location 

were collected to provide the most comprehensive accounting possible and to support the 

ozone dispersion model used in the maintenance demonstration. Point source emissions are a 

relatively small percentage of the 2002 attainment inventory. 

Biogenic emissions are produced by life substances (e.g. terpenes from pine trees) as opposed 

to anthropogenic emissions that are produced by human activities. Biogenic emissions data 

was provided by WSU for the modeling study (Appendix 010-4) and calculated by county for 

this emissions inventory. 

4.50.4 Portland and Salem Control Strategies 

4.50.4.1 Portland-Vancouver AQMA Ozone Maintenance Plan 

The Portland-Vancouver AQMA Ozone Maintenance Plan (Oregon portion) includes federal, 


state and local emission control programs. All four major source categories of ozone precursor 


emissions are affected by rules that reduce emissions from these sources. Several of the 


strategies provide benefits beyond VOC and NOx emission reductions, such as air toxics and -. 


Total 

Salem Area 


2002 VOC Altalnment Inventory 


WROAD P()lNf AREA. 


13% 0% 15% 


~~AD_ 

439,610 106,967 

Salem Area 

2002 NO. Altainme nt inventory 

FONT ARtA B10GfNC 'J$t.""/ --:-___ .%~D 

ON-RCA- 27% 


1,052,164 

Salem Area 

2002 CO Altainmenllnventory 

POINT AREA fOClGEN.C 

0% 14% f 0%

ON-ROA~ ~~O21% 

Adopted by the EQC 02122/07 14 
greenhouse gas emission reductions, traffic congestion reduction, energy savings, and overall 

cost-savings for the transportation systems. 

The existing Portland-Vancouver AQMA Ozone Maintenance Plan strategies will remain in 

place and work together to protect air quality as the population increases over the next ten 

years. These strategies have successfully reduced VOC and NOx emissions and also reduce 

emissions of air toxics and greenhouse gases that are emerging issues of concern. . 

The following strategies will remain in the Portland Ozone Maintenance Plan as they currently 

apply to sources in the Portland area: 

• 	 Motor Vehicle Inspection Program (OAR 340-256-0300 through 0470); 

• 	 Emission Standards for VOC Point Sources (Reasonably Available Control Technology) for 

existing major industrial facilities (OAR 340-232-0010 through 0230); 

• 	 New Source Review Program for new and expanding major industrial facilities (OAR 340­

224-0010 through 0100 and 340-225-0010 through 0090); 

• 	 Voluntary Parking Ratio Rules (OAR 340-242-0300 through 0390); 

• 	 Barge Loading Rules and Stage I vapor recovery systems that control VOCs from gasoline 

delivery operations (included within OAR 340-232); 

• 	 Aerosol Paint Rules that lower VOC content from spray paints sold in the Portland area 

(OAR 340-242-0700 through 0750); 

• 	 Motor Vehicle Refinishing Rules that require low-emitting painting methods at autobody 

shops (OAR 340-242-0600 through 0630); and 

• 	 Public education and outreach that encourages people to voluntarily reduce emissions, 

.'-' 	 such as not mowing lawns and driving less on Clean Air Action Days (now called Air 

Pollution Advisories). 

The following strategies in the Portland-Vancouver Ozone Maintenance Plan (Oregon portion) 

have been modified: 

• 	 Employee Commute Options Program (OAR 340-242-0010 through 0290): Program 

requirements now focus on larger employers (100 or more employees) and reduce the 

survey requirements from annual to every two years (see detail below), and 

• 	 Industrial Emission Management Program (OAR 340-242-0400 through 0440): Reestablish the industrial growth allowance for new and modified major industrial sources to 

ensure that the ozone standard will not be violated even under conservative growth 

assumptions (see detail below). 

In June, 2005, the Environmental Quality Commission amended the Motor Vehicle Inspection 

Program rules to replace the "enhanced" vehicle inspection test with the "basic" vehicle 

inspection test for vehicle model years 1981-1995. This change is reflected in the modeling 

projections and maintenance demonstration of this plan. 

Stage \I vapor recovery system requirements for gas stations will remain in effect until the 

motor vehicle fleet reflects widespread use of on-board canister systems. The Stage II rules 

will be revised at that time (prior to 2015). The eventual shift from Stage II vapor recovery to 

on-board canisters is reflected in the 2015 modeling prOjections and maintenance 

demonstration of this plan. 

Adopted by the EQC 02122/07 	 15 
Transportation control measures are no longer enforceable under conformity rules (40 CFR 

51.900) so these measures are removed from the Portland AQMA Ozone Maintenance Plan. 

However, the Employee Commute Options program will remain in the maintenance plan, and 

DEQ and Metro will implement a voluntary program to monitor growth in motor vehicle 

emissions of VOC and NOx in the Portland area as described in Section 4.50.4.1.3. 

4.50.4.1.1 Changes to the Employee Commute Options Rule 

The Employee Commute Options Program rules adopted in 1996 (OAR 340-242-0010 through 

0290) require Portland-area employers with more than 50 employees to implement programs 

that would reduce single-occupancy commute travel by 10%. Affected employers must provide 

incentives for employee use of alternative commute options. The incentives must have the 

potential to reduce commute trips to the work site by 10% within three years of completing an 

initial employee survey. Annual surveys measure progress toward this goal. 

Annual survey data indicates that larger employers are more likely to comply with ECO and 

provide meaningful transportation options to their employees. Larger employers represent most 

of the employees in the region. For example, 

• 	 Employers with more than 100 employees generate 92% of the total trip reduction. 

• 	 Employers with more than 100 employees make up 86% of the total ECO affected 

employees. 

• 	 Employers with more than 100 employees make up 53% of the total ECO affected 

employers. 

Key program statistics*: - ECO Compliance Status· 

• 	 Number of employer work sites >50 employees: 1212 29% Trip 30% Mleting Increases Target

• 	 Estimated number of employees affected: 250,000 ----r--=;;,""=___

• 	 Annual Vehicle Miles Traveled reduced: 35.4 million 

6% NoChange 

13% 

1-3% Trip 

Reduction 

*based on survey data from worksites with>50 employees as of August 2005. Not all employers are required to survey. 

Smaller companies make up the majority of employers who are behind with ECO compliance. 

DEQ has modified the ECO program to more effectively focus on larger employers that produce 

the most significant amount of emission reduction benefit, and to streamline reporting 

requirements. Program changes include: 

• 	 Changing the threshold for rule applicability from "more than 50" employees to "more 


than 100" employees; 


• 	 Changing survey requirements from annual to every two years; 

• 	 Requiring all employers with more than 1 00 employees that have not developed a plan 


to submit an approved plan, or demonstrate that they participate in an equivalent 


commute trip reduction program, such as EPA's Best Workplaces for Commuters 

program or TriMet's Passport program; -

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 	 16 
• 	 Modifying survey requirements to allow an employer to submit follow-up survey results 

with less than 75% response rate. DEQ will assign single occupancy vehicle trips to the 

percentage of employees who did not respond up to the 75% rate; 

• 	 Eliminating the 2006 sunset date since the ozone maintenance plan does not sunset; 

and 

• 	 Requiring employers that qualify for exemptions (e.g. through restricted parking ratios) to 

certify every two years that they continue to qualify for the exemption. 

The Employee Commute Option Program has been effective in reducing the amount of vehicle 

miles traveled by single-occupancy-vehicles in the Portland area, thereby reducing air pollution 

and traffic congestion in the region. The ECO program has resulted in an estimated annual 

reduction of over 100 tons of VOCs and over 85 tons of NOx. In addition to the benefits to 

ozone air quality, DEQ estimates that the ECO program is also effective in reducing over 22,000 

tons per year of carbon dioxide (a greenhouse gas), as well as associated air toxics emissions 

(most notably benzene). DEQ's proposed rule changes would streamline the program and 

. make it more effective in encouraging alternative commute trips among larger employers while 

providing relief to smaller employers. The program is one of many efforts in the Portland area to 

reduce single-occupancy vehicle trips and DEQ will continue to partner with regional alternative 

transportation programs in these efforts. 

DEQ will continue to focus on larger employers (those with over 100 employees) who account 

for over 90% of the trip and emission reduction achieved by the ECO program. Therefore, DEQ 

believes there will be no significant loss in emission reduction benefit from ECO by focusing the 

program on larger employers. 

- 4.50.4.1.2 Industrial Emission Management Rules 

The 1996 Portland-Vancouver Ozone Maintenance Plan included an industrial emissions growth 

allowance that could be used by new and expanding major industry in lieu of obtaining emission 

offsets. This 2006 maintenance plan update continues this approach to managing industrial 

emissions growth. The growth allowance program is described below. 

Under the existing Industrial Emission Management Rules adopted in 1996 (OAR 340-242-0400 

through 0440), new or expanding major industrial sources located within 100 km of the PortlandVancouver AQMA must "offset" emission increases of more than 40 tons/year of VOC and NOx 

by obtaining an equivalent decrease from another facility. However, the offset requirement can 

be satisfied by obtaining an allocation from an emissions growth allowance set aside for this 

purpose. This 2006 maintenance plan update reestablishes the growth allowance for new and 

expanding major VOC and NOx industrial sources, creates an administrative and public process 

for releasing the growth allowance in increments, and retains the emission offset requirement as 

a safeguard. The growth allowance has been included in the modeled 2015 ozone 

maintenance demonstration. 

Growth Allowance Program Procedures 

This plan reestablishes the industrial growth allowance at 5,000 tons for VOC and 5,000 tons for 

NOx

4

• The owner or operator of a proposed major source or major modification may apply to 

DEQ for an allocation of the growth allowance in lieu of providing an emission offset. As 

4 The 2006 growth allowance balance is approximately 750 tons for VOC and 200 tons for NOx. This 

balance would be replaced with the reestablished growth allowance. 

Adopted by the EQC 02122/07 	 17 
required in the existing rules, the growth allowance will be allocated on a first come first served 

basis, with one exception. Sources that previously reduced their allowable emissions through ­

the voluntary Plant Site Emission Limit (PSEL) donation program will receive priority access to 

the growth allowance. 

Consumption of the growth allowance will continue to be monitored and tracked by DEQ. DEQ 

will establish the 5,000 ton limit as a maximum cap. As a safeguard, however, DEQ will only 

authorize the initial use of up to 1,000 tons of VOC and 1000 tons of NOx, and hold the balance 

in reserve. If at some pOint in the future 750 tons or more of this initial increment is used for 

either or both pollutants, DEQ will conduct an analysis of ozone levels and expected trends to 

determine if conditions support the release of another 1,000 ton increment. DEQ will provide an 

opportunity for the public to comment on the results of the analysis and DEQ's recommendation 

whether to release the next 1,000 ton increment prior to making its decision. DEQ will not 

authorize any further allocation of the growth increment if it thought such action could jeopardize 

compliance with the ozone standard. If conditions show no risk to the health standard, DEQ will 

authorize allocation of another 1,000 ton increment. 

If any single source applies to the Environmental Quality Commission to receive more than 

1,000 tons of VOC or NOx, DEQ will conduct the analysis to determine whether an additional 

1,000 tons can be released without jeopardizing ozone air quality prior to making a 

recommendation to the EQC regarding the source application. 

This process will be repeated until the final 1,000 ton increment, or when approximately 4,000 

tons of the growth allowance of either pollutant is consumed. The growth allowance cap of 

5,000 tons could only be increased through a SIP revision that is approved by EPA. The 

increase could utilize new federally enforceable emission reductions and shutdown credits that _ 

were not relied on in the maintenance demonstration. Any such increase to the growth 

allowance above the 5,000 ton cap for either VOC or NOx will be subject to public comment and 

approval by EPA. Federally enforceable emission reductions include requirements adopted by 

EPA, requirements adopted by the EQC and approved by EPA as a revision to the Oregon 

State Implementation Plan, and requirements established by a federally enforceable permit 

condition. If the growth allowance is consumed, and cannot be reestablished, emission offsets 

for VOC and NOx will be required for new and expanding major industry. 

This administrative process of incremental allocation will help DEQ better manage future 

industrial emission increases and respond to any unforeseen changes in future conditions, such 

as significant increases in summertime temperatures or future changes to the federal ozone 

standard. 

DEQ may temporarily reduce the amount of growth allowance that may be allocated to new or 

modified major industrial sources if monitored ozone concentrations exceed the "risk of 

violation" or "actual violation" thresholds described in the contingency plan (Section 4.50.7.2.1). 

DEQ will provide reasonable advance notice to affected industries if there is a possibility that the 

growth allowance could be reduced or if contingency plan requirements of OAR 340-224­

0060(5) do not allow an allocation from the growth allowance to be used to meet offset 

requirements. 

The emissions growth allowance approach described above works together with several other 

elements in the maintenance plan, including the tracking of emission growth, ambient ozone 

monitoring, the emission offset backstop requirement, and the early warning and action 

elements in the contingency plan, to meet air quality management goals and protect compliance 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 18 
-


with standards. The Industrial Emissions Management Rules provide both flexibility for future 

economic opportunity and protection of public health through compliance with the ozone air 

quality standard. 

4.50.4.1.3 Transportation Conformity and Transportation Control Measures 

Under EPA's 2004 ozone implementation rules (40 CFR 51.900), neither general conformity nor 

transportation conformity is required for areasattaining the 8-hour ozone standard. This means 

that new transportation project plans will no longer need to demonstrate that they conform to the 

ozone maintenance plans in the Portland-Vancouver AQMA. Although transportation control 

measures can no longer be enforced through the conformity process, DEQ and Metro (the 

Portland-area metropolitan planning organization) have agreed to informally track VOC, NOx, air 

toxics and greenhouse gas emissions when Metro assesses conformity for the purposes of the 

Portland Carbon Monoxide Maintenance Plan as a voluntary program to assess impacts of 

transportation emissions on air quality over time. In addition, when Metro assesses VMT/Capita 

for purposes of the Portland Carbon Monoxide Maintenance Plan Contingency Plan, the 

information will also be used for the Portland-Vancouver AQMA Ozone Contingency Plan (see 

Section 4.50.7.2.2). This approach is consistent with the EPA ozone implementation rule 

preamble that recommends states develop voluntary programs to address motor vehicle 

emissions growth (69 FR 23987-88). The Metro Council adopted Resolution 06-3695, For the 

Purpose of Recommending Approval by the Oregon Environmental Quality Commission of the 

Draft 2006 Portland-Vancouver AQMA (Oregon Portion) and Salem Keizer Area Ozone 

Maintenance Plan, on May 25, 2006. 

4.50.4.2 Salem SKATS Ozone Maintenance Plan 

DEQ will retain existing strategies in the Salem-Keizer Area Transportation Study (SKA TS) Air 

Quality Area Attainment Plan that was adopted in 1980 and revised in 1982, including 

Emission Standards for VOC Point Sources (OAR 340-232-0010 through 0230) and continued 

reliance on the control strategies in the Portland-Vancouver AQMA Ozone Maintenance Plan, 

with some updates: 

• 	 Designate Salem/SKATS as an ozone maintenance area under state rules; 

• 	 Modify control technology requirements for new and expanding major industrial sources 

from "Lowest Achievable Emission Rate" (LAER) to "Best Available Control Technology" 

(BACT), while retaining all other new source review requirements; and 

• 	 Adopt a contingency plan that includes a commitment to adopt measures to reduce 

emissions if the Salem area is at risk of violating or violates the ozone standard in the 

future. 

Salem was designated an ozone "nonattainment" area under state rules, and major new and 

modified industrial sources that emit 40 tons/year or more of VOC or NOx were required to 

install the most stringent level of emission control technology known as "Lowest Achievable 

Emission Rate" (LAER). Once deSignated a "maintenance" area under state rules, the same 

universe of sources (40 tons/year or more of VOC or NOx) will be required to install "Best 

Achievable Control Technology" (BACT) that is the same as is required in Portland. 

LAER and BACT are determined by DEQ on a case-by-case basis to prevent air pollution and 

require installation of pollution control equipment through the facility's air permit. LAER reflects 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 	 19 
the most stringent level of emission control achievable at the time of permitting. LAER is 

typically required in areas violating or at risk of violating air quality standards and must be 

installed regardless of cost. BACT is established by OEQ using an analysis that starts with a 

review of EPA's control technology clearinghouse and LAER technologies that are required for 

similar facilities within the U.S. If the permit applicant demonstrates that the cost to install LAER 

would be much greater at this facility than it was at other facilities where it has been installed, 

the applicant may justify a lower control level as BACT. BACT is typically used in maintenance 

and attainment areas that are in compliance with air quality standards, and can provide an 

equivalent or very high level of control that will not interfere with maintenance of the ozone 

standard. 

Under the Clean Air Act, Salem is designated as a federal ozone attainment area. Under this 

federal deSignation, emission control technology (BACT) would only be required for Federal 

Major Sources (those sources in 28 categories emitting 100 tons/year or more of VOC or NOx, 

or other sources emitting 250 tons/year or more). However, as an Oregon ozone maintenance 

area, BACT controls will continue to be required for sources emitting 40 tons/year of VOC or 

NOx• Keeping the current 40 tons/year threshold for triggering BACT and other New Source 

Review requirements will better protect future compliance with the ozone standard in the Salem 

area. All other requirements for New Source Review in Salem remain the same, including the 

current exemption from the need to provide emission offsets or use a growth allowance for 

sources locating within SKATS because much of Salem's emissions transport from the Portland 

area. New or expanding major industrial sources within 100 km of the Portland-Vancouver 

AQMA (which includes part of the Salem area) will continue to be required to evaluate their 

impact on ozone levels in Portland. 

4.50.5 Maintenance Demonstration (Portland-Vancouver and Salem) ­ 4.50.5.1 Ozone Modeling Study 

OEQ and SWCAA teamed with Washington State University (WSU), the Washington 

Department of Ecology and EPA to study ozone formation using a computer dispersion model 

(see Appendix 010-4, "Historical and Future Ozone Simulations using the MM5/SMOKE/CMAQ 

System in the PortlandNancouver Area", WSU, 12/31/05 final report). The purpose of the study 

was to develop a predictive tool to forecast future ozone concentrations based on emission 

projections and summer meteorology in which ozone formation occurs. 

The modeling study simulated two historical high ozone episodes that occurred during the 

summer of 1997 and 1998. The study compared actual ozone levels measured (monitored) 

during the 1997 and 1998 events to model predicted ozone levels for the same period in order 

to test and validate model performance. The model performed within EPA guidelines for both 

episodes. The model performance testing verifies that the CMAQ model can predict future 

ozone concentrations for the region (see Appendix 010-4 for more information on model 

performance testing). 

The modeling team selected the July 26-28, 1998 episode as the basis for future year 

projections because ozone levels were much higher in 1998 than in 1997, and meteorology 

reflected worst case conditions that contribute to ozone formation in the Portland area (high 

temperatures and low wind speeds, with predominant winds from the north). Methodology for 

developing the modeling emissions data is detailed in the WSU modeling report (Appendix 010­

4). 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 20 
--

-


.­

4.50.5.2 Growth Projections 

The 2015 emissions forecast used in the modeling study reflects 2002 emissions, increased by 

expected growth in various sectors. The 2002 emission inventory reflects the 2002 

Consolidated Emissions Reporting Rule (CERR) emissions data submitted by DEQ and 

SWCAA to the National Emission Inventory (NEI) and documented in Appendix D10-3 and 4. 

Growth factors for various source sectors were derived from the 2002 "Economic Report to the 

Metro Council, 2000-2030 Regional Forecast for the Portland-Vancouver, Metropolitan Area" 

(see Appendix D10-5). 

For the 2015 Maintenance Demonstration, the following growth assumptions were included in 

the forecast: 

Area sources: Area source emissions were calculated following EPA guidance for the 2002 

NEI. The 2015 emissions inventory assumes a linear, non-compounding population growth rate 

of 1.8% per year, and household growth rate of 2.0% per year (see Appendix D10-5). Table 6 

describes population trends in the Portland and Salem areas, although the Metro data was used 

in the growth projections. 

Table 6= Portland and Salem Area Population Projections 

I 

2000 

Estimate 

2003 I 

Estimate 

2005 

Forecast 

2010 

Forecast 

2015 

Forecast 

• Oregon 3,436,750 3,541,500 3,618,200 3,843,900 4,095,708 

Portland Area* 

(Clackamas, Multnomah 

and Washington Counties) 

1,451,650 1,503,900 1,540,055 1,646,124 1,759,470 

Portland Area** 

(Clackamas, Multnomah, 

Washington and Clark 

Counties) 

1,789,460 i 

I 

1,956,300 2,134,300 

i 

2,287,000 

Salem Area* 

(Marion and Polk Counties) 

349,000 359,900 I 368,347 395,973 427,781 

• Prepared by the Oregon Office of Economic AnalYSIS, Apnl 2004 


··"Economic Report to the Metro Council, 2002-2030 Regional Forecast," page 4 


Non-road mobile sources: EPA's draft NONROAD2004 model was used to estimate non-road 

mobile source emissions for 2015. This model incorporates the latest assumptions and rules, 

including EPA's Tier 4 non-road diesel engine standards and non-road diesel fuel sulfur 

standards associated with the Tier 4 rule. Railroads, marine vessels and airports were 

estimated independently of the NONROAD model (see Appendix D10-4). Aircraft emissions for 

the four airports with the Portland AQMA were calculated using Port of Portland data (Aviation 

Demand Forecast Update for Portland International Airport, Port of Portland, November 4, 1999, 

and associated spreadsheets), which was also used in the 2002 NEI submittal. 

On-road mobile sources: 2015 emissions estimates used in the modeling analysis are based on 

travel demand forecast models run by Metro and the Southwest Regional Transportation 

Council for the Portland-Vancouver AQMA, and Department of Transportation data and 

projections for the modeling domain outside of the AQMA. This includes full implementation of 

federal motor vehicle emission control programs and the DEQ Vehicle Inspection Program rule 

revisions adopted in June 2005 . 

Adopted by the EQC 02122/07 21 
Point sources: DEQ developed two different growth scenarios for major industrial (point) 

sources, and their purpose is discussed in more detail below in Section 4.50.5.3. The two - scenarios include: 

}> 2015 Projection: reflecting actual 2002 emissions from existing industry, 

increased by expected employment projections in the "Economic Report to Metro 

Council, 2000-2030 Regional Forecast for the Portland-Vancouver Metropolitan 

Area". 

}> 	 2015 Maintenance Demonstration: reflecting a conservative estimate of 

maximum permitted levels for existing industry and the reestablished industrial 

growth allowance. 

4.50.5.3 Forecast and Maintenance Inventory 

As noted above, DEQ developed two different growth scenarios for major industrial (point) 

sources, and they are used for different purposes. The first growth scenario (called "2015 

Projection" as seen in Figures 4 and 5) reflects the 2002 estimate of actual industrial emissions, 

increased by Metro's regional employment projections for that sector. This projection 

represents a baseline estimate of actual future year emissions, given expected growth, and is 

described in the WSU modeling report as the managed growth simulation projection (Appendix 

D10-4). 

The second growth scenario (called "2015 Maintenance Demonstration" as seen in Figures 4 

and 5) represents a very conservative estimate of possible future year emissions. The 2015 

Maintenance Demonstration reflects maximum "legally allowable" emission levels currently 

permitted for existing industry, plus the emissions growth allowance reestablished for new 

industry growth. This 2015 Maintenance Demonstration represents the most conservative 

estimate of possible future industrial emissions for purposes of the maintenance plan. 

Table 7 and 8 and Figures 4 and 5 below show the 2002 estimate of actual emissions and the 

conservative growth scenario "2015 Maintenance Demonstration" described above. Figures 4 

and 5 also show the intermediate 2015 Growth Projection described in the WSU report. Some 

sources, such as on-road vehicles, are projected to emit less VOC and NOx in 2015 than in 

2002. Overall, the total emissions of VOC and NOx will be lower in 2015 than in 2002, even 

though the projections are based on very conservative assumptions. 

Both VOC and NOx emissions are involved in the formation of ozone and the relative amounts 

of each (VOC/NOx ratio) can influence the level of ozone formation. DEQ's modeling analysis 

shows that of the two pollutants, VOC is the primary driver of ozone formation in the urban 

Portland and Salem areas. Both VOC and NOx emission reduction strategies continue to be 

important to reducing ozone formation. 

-


Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 	 22 
500,000,-"-,---,,,,--,-,,,,,-, 

I Maintenance ' 

Figure 4: Portland Area voe and NOx Emissions (Ib/day) 

and 2015 Maintenance Demonstration 

i;'

.., 

Ii

...

.. 

'" .... 

.---_.__.__..__..__.._-_._---._--, 

Portland Area VOC Emissions Portland Area NOX emissions 

1,200,000 

900,000 

f 

600,000 !. 200,000 

~ 300,000 100,000 

0 o 

Projection 

17,020 18,304 119,943 

139,542 f)4,521 54,521 

101,699 

2015 Grov.f/l 

Projection ,Demonstratio,; 

.-PO-J-N-T-+--1-4,-91-3--+--16El783­86,78'0 

fJ ON-ROAD 216,750 68,910 68,910 

II NONROAD 136,713 95,638 95,638 

2002 Actual 

3,890 3,890' 3,890 

5,529 

Figure 5: Salem Area voe and NOx Emissions (Ib/day) 

and 2015 Maintenance Demonstration 

Salem Area VOC emissions 

--! --1-,65-7-­

4(J(),000 


300,000 


200,000 


100,000 j 

o 

.. 

~ 

II POINT 1,198 

!:lON-ROAD 54,980 

II NONROAD 20,462 

CI SJOGENIC 296,719

66,252 

Projection Demonstration j 

6,021 

16,004 16,004 

17,901 r
 17,901

296,719 


68,416 


Salem Area NOXEmisslons 

120,000 ..,--"--_..­

80,000 

40,000 

o I~~~c-I 2OO2AHcual 2015 Grov,th I" Mai~:~nce ProjectIon Demons/ration 

~POINi - n,7;Ol 3,168 4,701 

!:l ON-ROAD 66,442 20,582 20,582 

II NONROAD 28,793 16,618 16,618 

P BIOGENIC I 3,803 3,803 

6,400 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 23 

I 
Table 7 -


Portland Area 2015 Maintenance Demonstration Portland Area 2015 Maintenance Demonstration 


Typical Summer DaY,lb/day Annual Emissions (tons/year) 


Clackamas, Multnomah, Washington Counties Clackamas, Multnomah, Washington Counties 


2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 2015 

Source Type VOC NO. CO Source Type VOC NO. CO 

AREA 291,098 6,157 29,373 AREA 108,109 5,822 139,992 

BIOGENIC 437,910 3,890 NON-ROAD 13,308 17,223 330,324 

NON-ROAD 101,899 95,638 2,280,810 ON-ROAD 8,538 10,339 127,923 

ON-ROAD 54,521 88,910 580,955 . POINT 21,721 15,191 19,768 

POINT 119,943 88,780 108,526 Total 151,675 48,574 618,007 

Total 1,005,171 261,375 2,959,884 

Portland Nea Portland Nea I Portland Nea 2015 VOC Maintenance Demonstration 2015 NO, Maintenance Demonstration 2015 CO Maintenance Demonstration 

POINT 

ON-ROAD BIOGENIC F'QII(i' AREA 12% 

OON-RQAD~, 10"'-~ A:: 5? ~% ,,"~~DJ' ~:AD~ 

~D I ~:D .... , "'" 
 L_~~~~~~~~~~_~J I

l~._ Irjf-A_-i-BOOB<lO-~-ONO-N-ROA-DQ-ON-RoA-D-.-""'"-~I 


"""""'" 

Table 8 

Portland Area VOC and NOx Emissions, (Ib/day), % Change 2002-2015 ­ (Clackamas, Multnomah, Washington Counties) 

--- VOC, Ibs per day -­ --- NOX, Ibs per day --­

2015 2015 

Source 2002 Maintenance % Source 2002 Maintenance % 

Type Actual Demonstration Change Type Actual Demonstration Change 

AREA 253,871 291,098 14.7% AREA 5,529 6,157 11.4% 

BIOGENIC 437,910 437,910 BIOGENIC 3,890 3,890 

NONROAD 110,188 101,899 -7,7% NONROAD 138,713 95,838 -30.0% 

ON-ROAD 139,542 54,521 -80.9% ON-ROAD 216,750 68,910 -68.2% 

POINT 17,020 119,943 604,7% POINT 14,913 86,780 481.9% 

--------­ -_....----""...­ --_..-----­ --------­ Totals 958,531 1,005,171 Totals 377,794 261,375 

The Portland area on-road emissions are expected to decrease significantly: 61% less voe 

emissions and 68% less NOx emissions. This is primarily due to implementation of federal 

motor vehicle emission and fuel standards and continuing implementation of the vehicle 

inspection program. Non-road emissions also show a 30% decrease in NOx emissions due to 

the phase-in of federal emission and fuel standards. Area source emissions are expected to 

increase due to increases in population that affect categories such as architectural surface 

coating and consumer solvent use. Point source "actual" emissions are not expected to change 

significantly (see Figure 4), although Table 8 describes the difference between "actual" 

-


Adopted by the EaC 02/22/07 24 
.­ emissions in the 2002 attainment inventory and the "allowable" emissions and growth allowance 

in the 2015 Maintenance Demonstration5

. 

Salem Area 2015 Maintenance Demonstration 

Typical Summer Day,lb/day 

Marlon, Polk Counties 

Table 9 

Salem-Area 2015 Maintenance Demonstration 

Annual Emissions (tons/year) 

Marion, Polk Counties 

Source Type 

AREA 

BIOGENIC 

NONROAD 

ON-ROAD 

POINT 

Total 

2015 

VOC 

68.416 

296,719 

17,901 

16,004 

6,021 

405,062 

2015 

NO. 

6,400 

3,803 

16,618 

20,582 

4,701 

52,103 

2015 

CO 

150,443 

386,600 

167,507 

4,435 

708,985 

Source Type 

AREA 

NONROAD 

ON·ROAD 

POINT 

Total 

2015 

VOC 

22,594 

2,334 

2,724 

1,079 

28,731 

2015 

NO. 

1,581 

3,062 

3,326 

846 

8,815 

2015 

CO 

42,428 

55,138 

42,445 

767 

140,779 

SalemAnla 


2015 IIOC Matnte nance Demonstration 


Of'4.ROAD POM ARfA 

N:)NROAO~ 4%_7% 
 !roGENC 

SaiemAnla 

2015 CO Maintenance Demonstration 

Table 10 


Salem Area VOC and NOx Emissions, (Ib/day), % Change 2002-2015 


(Marion & Polk Counties) 


--- VOC, Ibs per day --- --- NOX, Ibs per day --_. 

2015 2015 

Source 2002 Maintenance' % Source 2002 Maintenance % 

Type Actual Oemonstration Chan~e Tyee Actual Demonstration Chanfle 

AREA 66,252 68,416 3.3% AREA 6,227 6,400 2.8% 

BIOGENIC 296,719 296,719 BIOGENIC 3,803 3,803 

NONROAD 20,462 17,901 -12.5% NONROAD 28,793 16,618 . -42.3% 

ON-ROAD 54,980 16,004 ·70.9% ON-ROAD 66,442 20,582 -69.0% 

POINT 1,198 6,021 ! 402.8% POINT 1,701 4,701. 176.4% 

------..._-- ------........- ---------- ---------­ ' 

439,610 405,062 106,967 52,103 

Salem area on-road emissions are also expected to decrease significantly: 71 % less voe 

emissions and 69% less NOx emissions, This is primarily due to implementation of federal 

motor vehicle emission and fuel standards. Non-road emissions also show a 42% decrease in 

NOx emissions due to the phase-in of federal emission and fuel standards. 

Point source "actual" emissions are not expected to change significantly (see Figure 5), 

although Table 10 describes the difference between "actual" emissions in the 2002 attainment 

inventory and the "allowable" emissions and growth allowance in the 2015 Maintenance 

5 The projected point source increase in the 2015 Maintenance Demonstration is based on the most 

conservative assumptions for industrial sources, and includes maximum allowable (permitted) emissions 

from existing sources plus the growth allowance. 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 25 
Demonstration. The 2015 Maintenance Demonstration also includes one proposed energy 

facility that has since withdrawn its permit application. 

Area sources in the Salem area are projected to increase slightly due to increases in population. 

The Salem area will also benefit from the phase in of on-board canister systems in motor 

vehicles that control gasoline vapors while refueling. This change is not as noticeable in the 

Portland area due to existing Stage II gasoline vapor controls. 

4.50.5.4 Maintenance Demonstration 

DEO used the "2015 Maintenance Demonstration" emission forecast and worst-case 

meteorology from the 1998 high ozone event in the CMAO model to estimate future ozone 

concentrations for the Portland and Salem areas in 2015. Compliance with the 8-hour ozone 

NAAOS is demonstrated when the fourth highest daily maximum 8.,.hour average ozone 

concentration, averaged over three consecutive years (Le. Design Value), is equal to or less 

than 0.08 ppm6 . 

Figure 6: Portland-Vancouver and Salem Ozone Maintenance Demonstration 

Portland-Vancouver and Salem 8-hour Ozone Trend 


(1997-2005) and 2015 projection 


3 year averages of the 4th highest daily ozone value 


1;) 0.090 

! 

:E 

.r. 

til 

- :; 0.080 

'0 Ozone Monitoring Sites 

8. 

!! 

....L.-=-!'.'---~-..---..~---..__.c___--..--~~__c:_.•.~Jf.ic:-~.~-:I -= • = Port1and/Carus 

0.100 .,-----..--.~----~--.----------''''':__-___, 

! 0.070 +-----. 

.!f - ... Portland/Milwaukie

'2 .,. ~ Portland/Sauvie Island 

.. . SalemITurner 

~.- Vancouver/MtnView -; 0.050 +---.--..---..~-.----.-----.--.--.----..----­

:s 

d 

... 

.c 

'" 0.040 .I.---~-·--·-----·----------~-···--··-7

i 

1997 1996 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2015 

Year 

Figure 6 shows the ozone compliance trend for the Portland-Vancouver and Salem areas, 

including the 2015 maintenance demonstration forecast. Figure 6 and Table 11 show that the 

Portland-Vancouver and Salem-Keizer areas will remain in compliance with the 8-hour ozone 

standard. Table 11 also shows that peak ozone concentrations can exceed the standard, 

6 Under EPA's calculation convention, a value of 0.084 ppm would round down to 0.08 ppm (Le. in compliance), 

while a value of 0.085 ppm or higher would be a violation. 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 26 
illustrating the need to continue the suite of emission reduction strategies that limit ozone 

formation in the Portland and Salem areas, and for actively managing emissions growth from 

new industry. 

Table 11 shows the maximum 8-hour ozone concentrations predicted for the key Portland, 

Vancouver, and Salem monitoring sites. Table 11 also shows the 2015 predicted "Design 

Value", which is used to compare to the ozone standard for purposes of determining 

compliance. WSU's modeling analysis also confirms that the existing monitoring network is 

capturing the areas of highest ozone concentrations. For more information on the modeled 

attainment test calculation of design values, see Appendix 010-6. 

Table 11: 2015 Maintenance Demonstration 


8-hour ozone standard =0.08 ppm 


Exceedance ~ 0.085 ppm maximum 


Violation ~0.085 ppm predicted design value 


Monitoring Site 1998 I

Predicted 

Maximum 

2015 

Predicted 

Maximum 

2015 

Predicted 

Design Value* 

i Portland/Carus 0.098 0.094 0.072 

Portland/Milwaukie 0.092 0.096 0.062 

Portland/Sauvie 

Island 

0.082 0.076 0.054 

Vancouver/ ! 0.083 

, Mountain View I 

0.081 0.061 

i SalemlTurner 0.088 i 0.075 0.060 .. *Predlcted Design Value IS calculated uSing the EPA statistical procedure called the Relative 

Reduction Factor described in Appendix 010-5 and EPA 8-hour ozone modeling guidance. 

Predicted design value is compared to the 8-hour ozone standard to determine compliance. 

Again, Figure 6 and Table 11 illustrate that the Portland-Vancouver AOMA and Salem SKATS 

will maintain compliance with the 8-hour ozone standard through 2015, with concentrations 

ranging from 14% to 29% below the standard. The Carus monitoring site, downwind of 

Portland, has traditionally been the site with the highest ozone readings in the region. The 

model predicted that the Milwaukie site would produce a Slightly higher maximum value under 

meteorological conditions similar to the 1998 episode, and the maximum values at both 

Milwaukie and Carus would exceed the standard. However, the model also confirmed that the 

Carus site is expected to remain the highest and most important site for determining compliance 

with the ozone standard. The 4th high predicted design values at Carus and all other sites 

demonstrate continued compliance with the ozone NMOS. 

4.50.6 Air Quality Monitoring (Portland and Salem) 

DEO will continue to operate an ozone air quality monitoring network in accordance with 40 

CFR 58 to verify maintenance of the 8-hour ozone standard in Portland and Salem (see 

Appendix 010-1). Any modification to the ambient air monitoring network, such as removal of 

duplicative or unnecessary monitors, will be accomplished through close consultation with EPA 

Region 10. Proposed network modifications would be accompanied by technical and statistical 

analysis sufficient to document a given monitor may be removed because it is unnecessary or 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 27 
duplicative in the case of network reductions, or to justify the value of investing in monitoring 

network enhancements. In accordance with 40 CFR 58, the final network design will be subject ­

to the approval of the EPA Regional Administrator. 

4.50. 7 Contingency Plan 

The maintenance plan must include a process to quickly prevent or correct any measured 

violation of the 8-hour ozone standard. This process of investigation and (if needed) corrective 

action is called the "contingency plan". Contingency plans typically have several stages of 

action depending on the severity of monitored ozone levels. Ambient ozone thresholds are 

established in the contingency plan as early-warning action levels. If monitored ozone levels 

exceed these action levels, the contingency provisions are triggered. 

4.50.7.1 Request To Replace the Portland-Vancouver AQMA 1-Hour Contingency Plan With an 

8-Hour Contingency Plan 

EPA revoked the one-hour ozone standard, effective June 15, 2005 (69 FR 23951, April 30, 

2004). In accordance with EPA rules implementing the 8-hour ozone standard (40 CFR 

51.900), DEQ requests that the one-hour ozone contingency plan be removed from the 

Portland-Vancouver AQMA Ozone Maintenance Plan, and replaced with a contingency plan that 

addresses the 8-hour ozone standard as described below. 

4.50.7.2 Portland-Vancouver AQMA 8-hour Ozone Contingency Plan 

This contingency plan includes two sets of contingency measures. The provisions specified 

under Part A of the Contingency Plan for the Portland-Vancouver AQMA are linked to ambient _ 

concentrations of ozone and would be triggered if measured ozone levels at any of the ozone 

monitoring sites (Mountain View, Sauvie Island, Milwaukie, or Carus) exceed the early-warning 

thresholds below, or if a violation of the 8-hour ozone standards occurs. The provisions 

specified under Part B of the Contingency Plan are linked to increases in the average amount of 

vehicle use per person in the Portland metropolitan area, and would only affect the Oregon 

portion of the Portland-Vancouver AQMA. 

4.50.7.2.1 Part A, Contingency Plan Based On Ambient Concentrations in Portland or 

Vancouver 

PHASE 1: ELEVATED OZONE LEVELS 

If the air quality index (AQI) is forecast to be within the "orange" range for ozone air quality 

(unhealthy for sensitive populations), or 8-hour daily maximum ozone values approach 0.100 

ppm or greater, and meteorological conditions conducive to ozone formation are expected to 

persist, DEQ and SWCAA will issue an advisory to inform the public ofair quality levels and 

voluntary actions they can take to limit exposure to unhealthy air pollution levels and reduce 

emissions. 

PHASE 2: RISK OF VIOLATION 


If monitored 8-hour ozone levels at any site within the Portland-Vancouver area registers an 


annual fourth high monitored value of 0.085 ppm or greater within a single ozone season or 


0.080 ppm or greater averaged over two years, DEQ and SWCAA will assess the likely 


emissions and meteorological events contributing to elevated ozone levels. DEQ may form a 


planning group to assist DEQ in its review. The DEQ could recommend that no action be taken 

if it is determined that: (a) elevated ozone levels were caused by an event that is unlikely to ­

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 28 
~- occur again, or (b) high ozone levels were caused by an uncontrollable event, such as a severe 

wildfire, or (c) federal regulations that will reduce ozone precursor emissions are scheduled to 

be implemented within two years. If it is determined that the event did not meet the criteria 

above, DEQ will evaluate options for appropriate action, including the option for additional 

emission reduction strategies to prevent future exceedances or a violation of the 8-hour ozone 

standard. 

PHASE 3: ACTUAL VIOLATION 

If a violation of the 8-hour ozone standard occurs, DEQ and SWCAA will determine the 

emissions and meteorological events contributing to the violation. If the violation is not due to 

an uncontrollable event or other criteria in Phase 2, DEQ will identify new strategies necessary 

to ensure compliance with the 8-hour ozone standard within 18 months of the conclusion of the 

ozone season that prompted the contingency plan, and revise the maintenance plan as needed 

to correct the violation. A revised maintenance plan would be submitted to EPA for approval. 

Measures that would be considered for implementation include the following: 

• 	 Reinstatement of applicable measures as defined in 40 CFR 51.900, which 

includes the Enhanced Inspection/Maintenance Test for certain model year 

vehicles7

; 

• 	 Contingency Plan Requirements described in OAR 340-224-0060(5) that 

reinstate the LAER and offset requirements and eliminate the growth allowance 

until a revised maintenance plan is adopted by the EQC and approved by EPA; 

• 	 Other measures as appropriate. 

~- 4.50.7.2.2 Part B. Contingency Plan Based on Significant Increase in Vehicle Miles Traveled in 

the Oregon portion of the Portland-Vancouver AQMA 

EPA's 8-hour ozone implementation rule (69 FR 23987-88, April 30, 2004) notes that although 


states cannot implement conformity for attainment areas as a matter of federal law, they could 


still work with their metropolitan planning organizations to develop a voluntary program to 


address motor vehicle emissions growth. Metro has agreed to informally track motor vehicle 


VOC and NOx emissions at the same time as they are demonstrating conformity with the 


Portland Carbon Monoxide Maintenance Plan emissions budget. In addition, Metro has agreed 


to the following contingency measures for the Portland Carbon Monoxide Maintenance Plan that 


are also appropriate as voluntary measures for addressing ozone precursor emissions within 


the Portland metropolitan area. Although transportation control measures cannot be enforced 


and are removed from the Portland AQMA Ozone Maintenance Plan, other measures to reduce 


vehicle miles traveled (VMT) such as the Employee Commute Option program and public 


education and outreach remain in the ozone maintenance plan. In addition, DEQ participates in 


Metro's Regional Transportation Options program which includes many efforts in the Portland 


area designed to reduce single-occupancy vehicle trips. 


PHASE 1: 5% VMT INCREASE· 


Metro will review and verify the local average vehicle miles traveled per capita (VMT/capita) for 


the Oregon portion of the Portland-Vancouver Air Quality Maintenance Area derived from the 


7 Although EPA requires all former applicable measures such as the Enhanced Inspection/Maintenance 

test be included in the contingency plan, DEQ believes that reinstating e.nhanced testing would not be 

feasible or cost effective, and would evaluate other more effective measures if the contingency plan is 

triggered. 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 	 29 
--

most recent estimates of population and daily vehicle miles traveled from federal and state 

sources. - If daily VMT/capita exceeds a 5 % increase above the 2002 rate for two successive years, the 

Standing Committee [T PAC , as defined at OAR 340-252-0060(2)(b)(A)(iii)] shall be convened 

to: 

a) 	 determine whether there is a data problem with the trigger; 

b) 	 if there is not a data problem with the trigger, identify and analyze the effectiveness of 


those local actions that could reduce air pollutant emissions; and, 


c) 	 determine whether a recommendation should be made to JPACT to initiate local action 


to reduce VMT/capita until the 2002 level is once again attained. 


PHASE 2: 10% VMT INCREASE 

Metro will review and verify local VMT/capita values derived from the most recent estimates of 

population and daily vehicle miles traveled from federal and state sources. 

If average daily VMT lcapita exceeds a 10 percent increase above the 2002 rate for the Oregon 

portion of the Portland-Vancouver Air Quality Maintenance Area for two successive years, the 

following measures will become required Transportation Control Measures for the region (as 

determined by the programming of funds for specified projects) under the Portland Carbon 

Monoxide Maintenance Plan: 

a) 	 Washington County Commuter Rail within six years after exceeding the 10% increase 


above the 2002 VMT Icapita rate, 


b) 	 Interstate 205 Light Rail Transit (1-205 LRT) within six years after exceeding the 10% 


increase above the 2002 VMT/capita rate; 


c) 	 An increase of efforts for the Regional Travel Options Program sufficient to increase the 


number of employers reached by the program by at least 5 % per year the number of 


employers currently subject to the DEQ Employee Commute Options program. 


Alternatively, specific projects from the Regional Transportation Options program could 


be substituted. 


d) 	An increase of funding of at least 5% per year greater than current funding for Transit 


Oriented Development projects. 


e) 	 Other programs or projects consistent with state and federal law as may be determined 


by the Metro Council after consultation with the Joint Policy AdviSOry Committee on 


Transportation. 


4.50.7.3 Salem SKATS 8-Hour Ozone ContingencY Plan 

PHASE 1: ELEVATED OZONE LEVELS 

If the air quality index (AQI) is forecast to be within the "orange" range for ozone air quality 

(unhealthy for sensitive populations), or 8-hour daily maximum ozone values reach 0.100 ppm ­

or greater, and meteorological conditions conducive to ozone formation are expected to persist, 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22107 	 30 
,- DEQ will issue an advisory to inform the public of air quality levels and actions they can take to 

limit exposure to unhealthy air pollution levels and reduce emissions. 

PHASE 2: RISK OF VIOLATION 

If monitored 8-hour ozone levels at any site within the Salemrrurner area registers an annual 

fourth high monitored value of 0.085 ppm or greater within a single ozone season, or 0.080 ppm 

or greater averaged over two years, DEQ will assess the likely emissions and meteorological 

events contributing to elevated ozone levels. DEQ may form a planning group to assist DEQ in 

its review. The DEQ could recommend that no action be taken if it is determined that: (a) 

elevated ozone levels were caused by an event that is unlikely to occur again, or (b) high ozone 

levels were caused by an uncontrollable event, such as a severe wildfire, or (c) federal 

regulations that will reduce ozone precursor emissions are scheduled to be implemented within 

two years. If it is determined that the event did not meet the criteria above, DEQ will evaluate 

options for appropriate action, including the option for additional emission reduction strategies to 

prevent future exceedances or a violation of the 8-hour ozone standard. 

PHASE 3: ACTUAL VIOLATION 

If a violation of the 8-hour ozone standard occurs, DEQ will determine the probable emissions 

and meteorological events contributing to the violation. If the violation is not due to an 

uncontrollable event or other criteria in Phase 2, DEQ will identify new strategies necessary to 

ensure compliance with the 8-hour ozone standard within 18 months of the conclusion of the 

ozone season that prompted the contingency plan, and revise the maintenance plan as needed 

to correct the violation. Contingency plan requirements described in OAR 340-224-0060(5) that 

reinstate the LAER requirement would also apply until a revised maintenance plan is adopted by 

__ the EQC and approved by EPA. 

4.50.8 Verification of Continued Attainment (Portland-Vancouver and Salem) 

DEQ will continue to monitor ambient air quality ozone levels as described in the Contingency 

Plan. The Contingency Plan triggers that are based on ambient concentrations are intended to 

prevent violations of the 8-hour standard in the Portland-Vancouver and Salem areas. DEQ will 

update countywide emission inventories every three years as required by the Consolidated 

Emission and Reporting Rule (CERR) update of the National Emissions Inventory. If ambient 

ozone levels increase, DEQ will compare CERR updates with the 2002 and 2015 emissions 

inventories and evaluate the assumptions used in the 2015 emissions projections to determine 

whether emissions are increasing at a rate not anticipated in the maintenance plan. 

Appendices 

1. 	 Ozone Monitoring Network (Vancouver-Portland-Salem regional area map and site 

description) 

2. 	 1992 to 2005 Meteorological Factors Conducive to Ozone Formation in the PortlandVancouver Area (ODEQ, April 2006) 

3. 	 Emission Inventory 

a. 	 Annual Emissions Inventory 

b. 	 Typical Summer Day Emissions Inventory 

c. 	 Summary of Portland Area Emissions 

d. 	 Summary of Salem Area Emissions 

4. 	 Historical and Future Ozone Simulations Using the MM5/SMOKEICMAQ System in the 

Portland-Vancouver Area (WSU, December 31, 2005) 

5. 	 Economic Report to the Metro Council, 2000-2030 Regional Forecast for the PortlandVancouver Metropolitan Area (Metro's Data Resource Center, December 2002 final draft) 

Adopted by the EQC 02122/07 	 31 
6. 	 Modeled Attainment Test 

- References 

• 	 "Maintenance Plan Guidance Document for Certain 8-hour Ozone Areas Under Section 


110(a)(1) of the Clean Air Act" (memo dated May 20,2005 from Lydia Wegman, EPA). 


The May 20,2005 guidance applies to areas designated in attainment with the 8-hour 


ozone standard and preparing maintenance plans under Section 11 O( a)( 1) of the Clean 


Air Act and 40 CFR 51.905(c) and (d). 


• 	 "Demonstrating Noninterference Under Section 110(1) of the Clean Air Act When 


Revising a State Implementation Plan" (draft EPA Guidance, 6/8/05) 


• 	 "1-Hour Ozone Maintenance Plans Containing Basic 11M Programs (memo dated May 


12,2004 from Tom Helms, EPA) 


• 	 April 30, 2004 Federal Register (69 FR 23951), Final Rule to Implement the 8-Hour 


Ozone NAAQS-Phase 1 


• 	 July 8, 2005 Federal Register (70 FR 39413), Notice of Final Rulemaking regarding 


Nonattainment Major New Source Review Implementation under 8-Hour Ozone NAAQS 


• 	 "Guidance on the Use of Models and Other Analyses in Attainment Demonstrations for 


the 8-hour Ozone NAAQS" (EPA-450/R-05-002, October, 2005) 


• 	 "Emission Inventory Guidance for Implementation of Ozone and Particulate Matter 


NAAQS and Regional Haze" (EPA-454/R-05-001, August 2005, updated November 


2005) 


• 	 "2002 Base Year Emission Inventory SIP Planning: 8-hr Ozone, PM 2.5 and Regional 


Haze Programs" (memo dated November 18,2002 from Lydia Wegman, EPA) 


• 	 "Procedures for Processing Requests to Redesignate Areas to Attainment" (memo 


dated September 4, 1992 from John Calcagni, EPA) 
 -

-


Adopted by the EQC 02/22107 	 32 
--

- Appendix D10-1 

Portland-Vancouver AQMA and Salem SKATS 


Ozone Monitoring Network 


Legend 4t 

.. Ozone Monitors 

DSKATS AQ Bounaary 

..~SKATS TMA 

-Highways 

-Roads 

Lldes. 

Monitoring Sites (north to south): 

1. Sauvie Island (Portland, OR) (background site) 

2. Mountain View (Vancouver, WA) 

3. Milwaukie (Portland, OR) 

4. Carus (Portland, OR) (traditionally highest ozone values) 

5. Turner (Salem, OR) 

DEQ and SWCAA Continuous Air Monitoring Method for Ozone: Ultraviolet Photometry 

The air sample enters a chamber with an ultraviolet lamp at one end and detector at the other. The 

ozone in the sample stream absorbs the ultraviolet light at a specific wavelength. The amount 

absorbed is proportional to the amount of ozone in the air stream. The detector then sends an 

amplified signal to the recorder. This is an EPA Federal Reference Method. 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 33 
8-hour Ozone Air Quality DataiDEQ Air Quali~ Annual Report, 2004) 

#OF 4TH #OF 3 YEAR 

SUMMER 1-HOUR DAYS 8-HOUR HIGHEST DAYS AVG 

STATION LOCATION AVERAG MAXIMUM >0.125 AVERAGE 8-HOUR >0.085 OF 4TH 

AND NUMBER Year E (date) ppm MAXIMUM AVERAGE ppm HIGH 

Portland Area 1994 

Carus (SPR) 1995 

13575 Spangler Road 1996 

Canby 1997 

DEQ# 10093 1998 

EPA# 410050004 

1999 

2000 

2001 

2002 

2003 

2004 

2005 

Milwaukie High Sch 1994 

(MHS) 

11300 SE 23rd 1995 

DEQ# 10095 1996 

EPA# 410052001 

1997 

1998 

1999 

Milwaukie (MSJ) 2000 

St. Johns Church 2001 

DEQ#23306 2002 

EPA# 410052002 

2003 

2004 

2005 

0.029 

0.027 

0.029 

0.025 

0.026 

0.028 

0.025 

0.025 

0.025 

0.029 

0.025 

0.025 

0.018 

0.018 

0.019 

0.016 

0.018 

0.015 

0.D18 

0.018 

0.020 

0.021 

0.017 

0.016 

0.117 0 0.084 (07121) 

(07/21 ) 

0.099 0 0.084 (09/01 ) 

(06/30) 

0.149 1 0.112 (07/26) 

(07/26) 

0.085 0.074 (07/04) 

(07/04) 

Ot 

0.137 0.116 (07/26) 

(07/28) 

3t 

0.102 0.080 (07/09) 

(07/10) 

Ot 

0.086 0.071 (06/03) 

(06/28) 

Ot 

0.099 0.080 (08/09) 

(08/09) 

Ot 

0.101 0.085 (07/10) 

(07/22) 

Ot 

0.097 0.084 (09/03) 

(07/29) 

Ot 

0.105 0.084 (07/24) 

(07/24) 

Ot 

0.093 Ot 0.079

0.103 0.087 (07/20) 

(07/20) 

0 

0.110 0 0.092 (07/18) 

(07/18) 

0.145 2 0.120 (07/14) 

(07/14) 

0.101 0 0.082 (07/04) 

(07/20) 

0.124 0.100 (07/26) 

(07/26) 

Ot 

0.080 Ot 0.054 (07/09)

0.078 2 0.079t 

(07/27) 

0.073 1 0.072t 

(09/14) 

0.099 7 0.083t 

(07/27) 

0.062 0 0.078 

(05/13) 

0.081 3 0.080 

(09/01) 

0.072 0 0.071 

(07/28) 

0.065 0 0.072 

(07/30) 

0.069 0 0.068 

(06/20) 

0.063 1 0.065 

(07/21 ) 

0.075 0 0.069 

(07/28) 

0.067 0 0.068 

(08/11 ) 

0.064 0 .068 

(08/04) (08/04) (07/271 

0.057 1 0.060t 

(07/21) 

0.067 1 0.059t 

(05/29) 

0.085 4 0.069t 

(07/13) 

0.054 0 0.068t 

(07/19) 

0.061 1 0.066t 

(08/31 ) 

0.051 0 0.055t 

106/14) (05/23) 

0.085 0.068 (06/04) 

(06/04) 

Ot 

0.082 0.066 (08/10) 

(08/10) 

Ot 

0.116 0.082 (07/22) 

(07/22) 

Ot 

0.091 0.068 (06/06) 

(06/07) 

Ot 

0.094 0.077 (07/24) 

(07/24) 

Ot 

0.083 Ot 0.063 (05/27)

0.056 0 0.056 

(08/23) 

0.059 0 0.055 

(08/12) 

0.063 0 0.059 

(08/13) 

0.061 0 0.061 

(07/28) 

0.054 0 0.059 

(08/15) 

0.050 0 0.055 

-


~~-'---~ (05/27) (08/14) -

Adopted by the EQC 02122/07 34 
. 

Sauvie Island (SIS) 1994 0.023 0.102 0 0.086 (07/20) 0.062 1 0.066t 

(07/20) (07/21 ) 

Social Security Beach 1995 0.022 0.103 0 0.089 (07/18) 0.061 1 0.063t 

(07/18) (07/17) 

DEQ# 14152 1996 0.026 0.096 0 0.084 (07/13) 0.076 0 0.066t 

EPA# 410090004 (08/10) (07/26) 

1997 0.022 0.081 Ot 0.064 (07/04) 0.053 0 0.063 

(07/04) (05/11 ) 

1998 0.023 0.093 Ot 0.077 (07/27) 0.066 0 0.065 

(07/26) (08/28) 

1999 0.021 0.070 Ot 0.056 (07/09) 0.049 0 0.056 

(07/09) (09/22) 

2000 0.022 0.080 Ot 0.066 (06/27) 0.054 0 0.056 

(06/04) (06/03) 

2001 0.025 0.089 Ot 0.068 (08/10) 0.056 0 0.053 

(08/10) (05/10) 

2002 0.025 0.084 Ot 0.067 (08/13) 0.061 0 0.057 

(07/10) (06/12) 

2003 0.025 0.088 Ot 0.073 (09/03) 0.069 0 0.062 

(09/03) (07/28) 

2004 0.023 0.074 Ot 0.061 (07/23) 0.058 0 0.062 

(07/24) (07/22) 

2005 0.023 0.080 Ot 0.065 0.055 0 0.060 

(08/04) (08/04) (08/14) 

Salem Area 

1995 

1996 

0.022 

0.028 

0.105 

(06/30) 

0.130 

0 

1 

0.072 (09/01) 

0.104 (07/26) 

0.064 

(07/16) 

0.092 

0 

10 

-

Cascade Jr High - (CJH) (07/26) (08/10) 

10226 Marion Rd. SE 1997 0.024 0,082 Ot 0.067 (07/04) 0.061 0 0.072 

(07/04) (08/12) 

Turner 1998 0.024 0.121 ot 0.098 (07/27) 0.077 1 0.076 

(07/27) (08/28) 

DEQ# 10130 1999 0.023 0.083 Ot 0.074 (07/09) 0.065 0 0.067 

EPA# 410470004 (09/21) (07/10) 

2000 0.020 0.075 Ot 0.064 (07/30) 0.059 0 0.067 

(07/30) (06/26) 

2001 0.021 0.087 Ot 0.068 (07/03) 0.057 0 0.060 

(08/09) (08/12) 

2002 0.023 0.097 Ot 0.072 (07/12) 0.063 0 0.059 

(07/10) (08/13) 

2003 0.028 0.096 Ot 0.080 (09/03) 0.072 0 0.064 

(09/04) (07/30) 

2004 0.021 0,086 0 0.068 (08/11 ) 0.062 0 0.065 

(08/11 ) (07/24) 

2005 0.023 0.100 Ot 0.080 0,063 0 0.065 

(08/04) (08/04) (05/27) 

"'Parts per million 


t The 8hour ozone standard became effective in 1998; 


1-hour values are no longer evaluated for attainment purposes. 


The 8 hr standard is the 3-year average of the 4th highest value. 


Adopted by the EQC 02122/07 35 
-


STATION LOCATION 

AND NUMBER Year 

SUMMER 

AVE RAG 

E 

1-HOUR 

MAXIMUM 

(date) 

#OF 

DAYS 

>0.125 

ppm 

8-HOUR 

AVERAGE 

MAXIMUM 

4TH 

HIGHEST 

8-HOUR 

AVERAGE 

#OF 

DAYS 

>0.085 

ppm 

3 YEAR 

AVG 

OF 4TH 

HIGH 

Vancouver Area 

1995 0.021 0.117 (7/19) 0 n/a n/a 0 n/a 

Mt. View High School 

1500 SE Blairmont Dr 

Vancouver 

1996 0.022 0.112 

(07/19) 

0 n/a n/a 0 n/a 

AIRS #530110011 1997 0.02 0.077 

(07/04) 

0 n/a n/a 0 n/a 

1998 0.021 0.102 

(07/28) 

0 0.078 (07/27) 0.07 

(08/28) 

0 n/a 

1999 0.021 0.080 

(09/22) 

0 0.061 (07/09) 0.057 

(08/23) 

0 n/a 

2000 0.021 0.104 

(06/04) 

0 0.07306/04) 0.059 

(06/27) 

0 0.062 

2001 0.022 0.089 

(05/22) 

0 0.071 (08/10) 0.063 

(06/20) 

0 0.06 

2002 0.023 0.086 

(07/10) 

0 0.073 (7/22) 0.056 

(06/25) 

0 0.059 

2003 0.026 0.098 

(09/03) 

0 0.077 (09/03) 0.069 

(06/07) 

0 0.063 

2004 0.021 0.083 

(08/09) 

0 0.066 (07/24) 0.056 

(06/21 ) 

0 0.06 

2005 0.023 0.090 

(05/27) 

0 0.076· 

(005/27) 

0.057 

(08119) 

0 0.060 

-


-


. Adopted by the EQC 02122/07 36 
Appendix 010-2 

1992 to 2005 Meteorological Factors Conducive to Ozone 


Formation in the Portland-Vancouver Area 


(ODEQ, April 2006) 


Please contact DEQ for a copy of this appendix 


Marianne Fitzgerald 


Air Quality Division 


(503) 229-5946 


fitzgerald.marianne@deq.state.or.us 


Or 


Anthony Barnack 


Air Quality Division 


Report Author 


(503) 229-5713 


barnack.anthony@deq.state.or.us 


Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 37 
-


-

1992 to 2005 Meteorological Factors Conducive to Ozone 


Formation in the Portland-Vancouver Area 


(ODEQ, April 2006) 


Anthony Barnack 


Air Quality Division 


Oregon Department of Environmental Quality 


(503) 229-5713 

Abstract 

Elevated ground level ozone concentrations in the PortlandNancouver airshed have ­ slightly decreased in the period between 1992 and 2005. In the same period, ozone 

precursor VOCs and NOx levels went down slightly while maximum summer time 

temperatures rose. PopUlation and vehicle miles traveled also increased. When 

comparing similar temperature episodes between years the ozone levels declined 

slightly. Temperature episodes are defined as three or more days with maximum 

temperatures above 90oF, average wind speeds less than 10 mph, and solar radiation 

above 1.0 langley/hr. 

Introduction: 

Ozone is a secondary pollutant produced by a mixture ofNitrogen dioxide and Oxygen 

under strong ultraviolet radiation (hv). This reaction is driven by the creation ofmore 

Nitrogen dioxide from the reaction of volatile organic carbons under ultraviolet radiation 

and free radicals (See ozone chemistry following this report). The highest ozone levels 

occur during the summer months, during clear, hot days with poor ventilation 

Meteorological parameters which affect ozone formation: 

Temperature: 

In PortlandNancouver the ozone levels start to approach Air Quality Index levels of 

"Unhealthy For Sensitive Groups" and the National Ambient Air Quality Standards 

(NAAQS) when temperatures are near or above 90°F for three consecutive days or more 

with poor ventilation. 

Ventilation: 

Ventilation refers to the amount ofvertical mixing in the atmosphere. With good 

ventilation the dirty ground level air is transported up and replaced with cleaner air. In 

short, good ventilation reduces the ground level volatile organic carbon levels and the 

resulting ozone. The rule of thumb is for good ventilation to occur the average horizontal 

wind speed should be greater than 10 mph. 

Solar radiation (ultraviolet radiation): 

The time ofyear is important because the angle ofthe sun and duration ofthe day 

determine the ultraviolet radiation intensity and duration. 

Portland and Vancouver have many programs designed to lower the emissions ofthe 

ozone precursor pollutants ofVolatile Organic Carbon and Nitrogen dioxide. One way to 

determine the efficacy of these programs is by analyzing the ozone trends while 

considering the trends for ozone precursors, vehicle miles traveled, and population 

growth. This analysis would not be complete, however, without accounting for variations 

in meteorological conditions such as temperature and ventilation. These parameters must 

be considered to place ozone levels in context. Once the meteorological conditions are 

identified a better comparison of ozone trends can be made using ozone episodes with 

similar weather conditions. 

-

Results 

1. Ozone 

The NAAQS for ozone is calculated by averaging three consecutive years ofthe fourth 

highest daily eight hour average ozone. This level must be below 0.8 ppm or it is a 

violation. The eight hour ozone standard replaced the one hour standard in 1997 and 

since that time the PortlandIV ancouver Air Quality Maintenance Area has remained in 

compliance. However, the PortlandlVancouver area has had four exceedances (any eight 

hour daily max above 0.08 ppm)1. Figure 1 illustrates the exceedances both before and 

after the 1997 standard took effect. 8 

8hr Ozone Standand Begins 

7 

6 

---.--­

2 I l- _.­ - -

I-­ - -.­

o +­ I

j 

I 

i 

! 

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 

Figure 1. PortlandIV ancouver number of exceedances of eight hour standard I. 

In Figure 2, the three year average ofthe fourth highest maximum daily eight hour 

average trends down slightly with a slope of-0.001. 

0,10 

0.09 

0,08 

0,07 

I 

0,06 

S0,05 

0,04 

0,03 

0.02 

0.00 

Bhr Ozone Standand Begins

.. 

\.. Ozone NAAQS > O,OB 

A ~'''' 

~ ~- .~ 

... -~~ 

... 

- ­ ~~... i y = -0.001>< + 

I 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 

Figure 2. PortlandJVancouver three year average offourth highest daily maximum eight 

hour average. Eight hour standard begins in 1997. 
2. Vehicle Miles Traveled (VMT) and Population 

- In Figure 3 the PortlandNancouver VMT2 and Population3 have slopes of+0.08 and 

+0.04 respectively. The three year average ofthe fourth highest eight hour average 

Ozone value has a trend with a slope of -0.002 which is relatively flat. 

E 

CI. 

.e 

G) 

c 

1:1 

0 

-. 

5.0,----------------------------r 0.10 

4.5 f--··--A­ ..--.---.--.---+0.09 

0.08 

0.07 

0.06 

0.05 

0.04 

0.03 

0.02 

0.5 1-~.-..---..---.--.--.~..--.-.-.---.--.-~___j - Linear 0.01 

0.00 

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 

Figure 3. 3yr average of 4th highest 8hr average PortlandNancouver 1979-2004 2,3 

3. Precursors: 

The PortlandN ancouver area ozone precursors are Nitrogen dioxide and volatile organic 

carbons (VOCs). PortlandNancouver is VOC limited which means that reduction of 

VOCs reduces ozone levels more effectively than a reduction in NOx. TheVOCs that 

contribute most readily to ozone formation are aldehydes, alkanes, alkenes, and to a 

lesser extent aromatics. ODEQ has been measuring these compounds in Portland on a 

consistent basis from 2000 to 2005 (the time ofthis papert. Figures 4 and 5 contain the 

May through September average concentrations measured by ODEQ in North Portland 

for Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Propionaldehyde, and Acetone (some ofthe more 

common aldehydes). In all cases there is a negative slope as concentrations trend down 

over the six year period. Formaldehyde levels spiked in 2003 which also had three multiday ~ 90°F episodes. Acetone levels dropped at a much steeper rate. Maximum Nitrogen 

dioxide, Nitric oxide, and Nitrogen oxides concentrations have also been declining as 

shown in Figure 6. Seasonal average Nitrogen dioxide, Nitric oxide, and Nitrogen oxides 

concentrations have been stable since 1995 with relatively flat slopes (Figure 7). 

-


2. Horowitz D., 001]ortland-National-DMVT.xls, Portland Metro 

3. Population Research Center, College ofUrban and Public Affairs, Portland State University. 

4 ODEQ measured VOCs at N. Roselawn, Portland and NOx measured at SE Lafayette, Portland. 
5 

1 

6~==============~----------....~--..~~---~---~-~-------------~-~ 

May - September Averages 

4 ,-------~-------.---~_r---------~~~-~~-------~-

y = -0.09>< oj. 3.6 

y = -0.02x oj. 0.5 

O~------~-~----··~-----------_---~_--~~~ 

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 

Figure 4. May through September 2000 to 2005 average Acetaldehyde, Formaldehyde, 

and Propionaldehyde concentrations in North Portland4

• 

6 !-.-------------------~--~---~~--~-~.-~--~ 

Acetone May - September Average 

5r-----------~------------------·--~--~---------i 

4j-----------------------------------------­

y = -o.ax'" 3.9 

2~~----~--------------~~··~-------------------' 

.. ---.. -~--.. ---- ---------~... -----'~·····-----··-----~+------···-~-I 

O~----_-----_····----~-----~·-~~-------~ 

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 

Figure 5. May through September 2000 to 2005 average Acetone concentrations in North 

Portland4

• 

4 ODEQ measured VOCs at N. Roselawn, Portland and measured NOx at SE Lafayette, Portland. 
0.4.---------------------------------------------·--------~----------~ 

-+-Max 1hr N02 -

Figure 6. SE Portland, May through September 1992 to 2005 maximum one hour 

average concentrations ofNitrogen dioxide, Nitric oxide, and Nitrogen oxides4

• 

0.04 

0.035 

0.03 -)lE-Aver 1hr NOx - 0,025 

i 0,02 

0,015 

0.01 

0.005 

a 

y = -0.0009x + 0.03 

__Max 1hrNO 

Max 1hr NOx 

0.15 +------------.. ------...-------------.. -------.-----..------------------"'~=_----'~"" 

~ ~ j

Figure 7. SE Portland, May through September 1992 to 2005 Seasonal average 

concentrations ofNitrogen dioxide, Nitric oxide, and Nitrogen oxides4 

• 

4 ODEQ measured VOCs at N. Roselawn, Portland and measured NOx at SE Lafayette, Portland. 
4. Temperature 

The PortlandNancouver temperatures have been trending up from at least 1992 to 2005 

as measured by ODEQ at SE Lafayette. The number ofdays::::: 90°F have gone up in the 

last 14 years as shown in Figure 8. There also have been numerous multi-day episodes of 

maximum temperatures> 90°F. The years 1993-1996, 1998,2000, and 2003-2005 all 

had three plus consecutive day episodes 2: 90°F. Ofthese, 1996 and 2003-2005 had the 

greatest number of consecutive hot days. 18 

16 

14 

12 

... 

¥ 

~10 

.. 

Oil 

~ s 'II 

l 6 

4 " .. ..

2 

1 day>900F 

1 Day Trendline 

y O.4x + 5.3 

2 Consecutive days 

>90oF 

y 

*' /.. 1. 2 Day Trendline ~ /1 y=0.13x+1.3

_ _ , 'd' >OOOF "O".~.~.~ ; 3 Day Trendline 

o .\-~_________~::""-__"""""'-,­__-""'+'~_______--JI y=0.09x+ 0.5 

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 

Figure 8. Number of consecutive days 2: 90°F for one, two, and three day episodes as 

measured by Oregon DEQ at SE Lafayette5

• 

A break down ofthe three plus day episodes (Figure 9) reveals the number ofthree, four, 

five, and six consecutive day events each year. Ofdays 2: 90°F, 1993, 1994, 1996,2003, 

and 2004 all had episodes offour days or longer. 1996 was the worst with the only six 

day episode and two three day episodes. More recently 2003 and 2004 had three and four 

day episodes. 

3 03 Days in a Row +90· F 

.4 Days in a Row +90· F 

Iii! 5 Days in a Row +90· F 

~_Eii!~ays in "...RO,"",- +90o..£~ 

o C1992 

..__ ] 

1993 1994 

~ J 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 

J 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 

Jl~2005 - V.at" 

Figure 9. Three, four, five, and six day episodes of consecutive days 2: 90°F 5. 

5 ODEQ measured temperature at SE Lafayette, Portland. 
5. Ventilation 

The ventilation can be represented using the ventilation index which is calculated by - multiplying the wind speed and the mixing height. The mixing height is the elevation 

below which all ground level mixing occurs. The lower the ventilation index the poorer 

the mixing. The ventilation index for days with the highest one hour ozone values from 

1977 to 1996 were presented in the 1996 Meteorological Factors Conducive to Ozone 

Formation in the Portland/Vancouver Area6

• This graph is reproduced in Figure 10 

below. 

30 

--+-Ventilation Index I 

I 

1i1 -0­ max 1hr 

25 

#~ 

20 

j ~ 

, 

~ 0 

I , 

S15 J 

I I 

, .. iii _ ~ 

~ 

10 '--_.­

5 

0 

0,25 

0.2 

0,15 i 

8 

I 

0.1 .f 

.... 

0,05 

0 - ~ ~ ~ ~ § ~ ~ j ~ j ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ year 

Figure 10. Ventilation index on the maximum one hour ozone day 1979-1996 6

• 

The ventilation index for eight hour average ozone from 1998 to 20047 is shown in 


Figure 11. Not surprisingly, the ventilation index is poor for both one hour and eight 


hour average maximums ozone levels; 


For reference, the Washington Department ofEcology displays the ventilation index 


categories in Table 1 for air stagnation levels on their web site. 


http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/air/aginfoIMM5Instructions.htm. Jackson County, 


Oregon uses a ventilation index oflevelof400 to ban woodstove burning in winter. 


-


6. Ventilation indices 1977 to 1996 provided by ODEQ 1996 Meteorological Factors Conducive to Ozone 

Formation in the PortlandlVancouver Area. 

7. Ventilation indices 1998 to 2004 provided by Oregon Dept. ofAg. using Salem soundings. 
50 

45 

-I-Ventillation Index 

-[]o Max8hr 

40 

35 

",30 

CD

... 

.: 

c 

.8 25 

.!!! 

~ CD 

>20 

. 

GJ 

\ 

\ 

\ 

\ 

\ 

, 

I!J .. .. .. .. .. .,[3­ - .. o!J­ - -El-­

15 

10 

5 

0 

0.14 

0.12 

0.1 

., 

'" f! 0.08 .. 

> 

c( 

CD 

c 

..

0 

0.06 

0

.. .s::

... 

0,04 

0.02 

0 

1997 1998 1999 2000 	 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 

Year

- Figure 11. Ventilation index on the maximum 8hr ozone day 1998-2004 7

• 

Table 1. Ventilation Ind ex ca t egones use d£ or smo ke management. 

Ventilation Index Dispersion 

0-50 Very poor 

50-2350 Poor 

2350-4700 Marginal-Fair 

>4700 Good 

6. Ventilation indices 1977 to 1996 provided by ODEQ 1996 Meteorological Factors Conducive to Ozone 

Formation in the PortlandIV ancouver Area. 

7. Ventilation indices 1998 to 2004 provided by Oregon Dept. ofAg. using Salem soundings. 
6. Wind Speed 

The horizontal wind speed impacts the ventilation index as well as the location ofthe - ozone plume. The wind speeds for the maximum eight hour ozone for each year were 

below six miles per hour as shown in Figure 12. A low wind speed is one of the elements 

for poor ventilation the other being low mixing heights. 14 0<14 

12 0.12 

10 0.1 

t 8 0<08 i 

1 I ~ 6 0.06 i ~ 

4 0.04 

2 0<02 

0 a 1990 1992 1994 1996 1996 2000 2002 2004 2006 

Figure 12. Wind speed on the maximum eight hour average ozone day 1992-20058

• 

7. High Ozone Episodes 

A high ozone episode is defined in this report as a period ofthree or more consecutive 

days with maximum temperatures?:: 90°F, daily average wind speeds < 10 mph, and 

maximum solar radiation> 0.1 Langleys/minutes. Episodes are grouped into weekday or 

weekend events. The weekday episodes occurs entirely within the week. The weekend 

events end on Saturday. 

Episode Identifying Method 

To find episodes, the maximum daily temperatures at ODEQ's SE Lafayette, Portland 

site were identified and plotted from May through September. Figure 13 provides an 

example plot done for 1996 maximum temperatures. After these high temperature days 

were identified, the maximum daily eight hour ozone levels at all the Portland and 

Vancouver W A sites were retrieved. The wind speed, wind direction, solar radiation, and 

days of the week were also compiled. The dates with average wind speeds above 10 mph 

were removed from consideration. Days occurring in mid to late September were also 

not considered because their solar radiation levels were to low. The resulting three 

consecutive day episodes were compiled in Table 2. These days were grouped into 

weekday episodes and weekend episodes. One three episode per year was used for 

comparison between years. The episodes were selected based on similarities in the time 

ofyear, solar radiation, three day temperature trend, and low average wind speed. 

-


8. Temperature collected by ODEQ at SE Lafayette. 
1996 pdx max dally Temp 

110 

105 

100 

95 

90 

85 

80 

75 

70 

65 

0 60 

"'­E 55

:1. 50 

45 

40 

35 

30 

25 

20 

15 

10 

5 

0 

~ '" ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ m 

'" ;:;) <0 ;:; 

'" '" co m 

Date 

Figure 13. Maximum daily temperatures for 1996 in Portland8 

. 

.­

-


8. Temperature collected by ODEQ at SE Lafayette. 
Table 2. Three day ozone episodes with maximum temperatures 2:: 90°F, average ws <10 

mph, average solar radiation> 1 Lan :p'ey/hr 

MHSI 

SPR MSJ WA 

03 03 03 Av 

max max SIS 03 max er 

daily daily max daily Max WS max 

8hr 8hr daily 8hr Tem max imp aver WS 

i Date Day ave I ave 8hr ave ave p i SR 5 SR MPS 

I 7/28/92 Tuesday 0.051 I 0.033 0.036 void 87 1.30 6.2 0.47 

i 

10.6 

i 7/29/92 Wednesday 0.064 i 0.043 0.051 0.048 91 1.30 7.0 I 0.46 10.8 

; 7/30192 Thursday 0.082 0.078 0.066 i 0.097 • 100 1.30 . 4.4 . 0.46 8.1 

I 8/2/93 Monday 0.057 0.047 0.060 I 0.053 1 93 1.23 8.0 I 0.44 13.2 

8/3/93 Tuesday 0.047 0.045 0.065 0.041 98 I 1.23 . 8.1 i 0.39 13.9 

8/4/93 Wednesday 0.074 0.073 ! 0.072 ! 0.078 i 97 1.20 I 3.9 i 0.42 6.6 

9/6/93 Monday 0.058 I 0.053 0.043 0.043 1 90 I 1.03 I 5.3 I 0.30 9.7 

917193 Tuesday 0.057 0.038 0.062 0.051 i 89 1.02 . 4.2 0.32 7.0 ! 

9/8/93 Wednesday 0.058 0.051 0.054 0.048 • 90 1.05 ~ 4.2 0.33 6.6 

6/28/95 Wednesday 0.046 0.046 void 0.050 89 1.28 9.7 0.47 18.7 

6/29195 Thursday 0.057 I 0.053 0.051 I0.057 92 1.28 9.7 0.47 17.8 

6/30195 Friday 0.083 I 0.063 0.062 0.069. 97 i 1.29 7.1 0.46 12.1 

7111/96 Thursday 0.067 \ 0.054 0.059 1 

0 

. 

057 88 1.33 8.2 I 0.49 14.3 

7/12196 Friday 0.074 i 0.063 0.062 0.067 92 1.35 7.7 ! 0.50 13.2 

7/13/96 Saturday 0.106 0.085 0.069 i 0.081 97 1.34 6.6 i 0.49 11.7 

817196 Wednesday 0.051 0.038 0.053 I0.048 89 1.27 6.91 0.45 12.1 

8/8/96 Thursday 0.073 0.057 0.066 . 0.067 i 92 1.26 6.9 • 0.44 12.3 i 

8/9/96 Friday 0.079 0.061 0.069 i 0.066 i 93 1.26 • 6.7 0.44 I 12.1 

8/22/96 Thursday 0.048 0.036 0.040 I0.046 1 89 1.21 1 6.9 0.40 ) 10.3 

8/23/96 Friday 0.065 i 

void 0.059 • 0.056 • 92 1.18 . 7.8 0.39 11.9 

8/24/96 Saturday 0.073 0.063 0.065 0.067 i 93 

I 

1.10 i 6.0 0.35 . 10.3 

i 7/26/98 Sunday 0.116 0.100 0.073 0.070 98 1.26 3.9 0.43 I 6.2 

i 7127/98 Monday 0.088 void 0.077 0.078 97 1.27 4.0 0.38 7.7 

i 7/28/98 Tuesday 0.098 0.074 0.062 i 0.075 99 1.25 5.3 I 0.45 11.7 

6/26/00 Monday 0.056 0.049 0.054 0.054 91 1 1 . 

28 I 7.3\ 0.48 11.2 

6/27/00 Tuesday 0.061 0.057 0.066 0.058 96 I 1.28 5.2 • 0.47 9.8 

0.048 i i !

6/28/00 Wednesda 0.067 0.040 0.045 ~ 92 1.29 5.3 0.48 10.2 

8/8/01 Wednesday 0.049 0.040 I 0.047 0.046 86 1.24 8.0 0.43 14.4 

8/9101 Thursday 0.081 0.067 0.055 • 0.063 96 1.25 4.7 0.43 6.4 i 

8/10/01 Friday 0.077 0.066 0.068 0.071 90 1.21 i 4.6 0.42 7.8 

7/22/04 Thursday 0.058 0.054 0.058 0.056 98 1.23 7.0 0.44 12.8 

7/23/04 Friday 0.051 0.051 i 0.061 0.049 102 1.24 6.51 0.45 9.5 

7/24/04 Saturday 0.084 0.077 0.058 .0.065 100 1.22 6.1 0.44 11.9 

-


9. Ozone measured by ODEQ and Southwest Washington Clean Air Agency, Meteorological data 

measured at SE Lafayette, Portland. 
Thee Day Episode Results 

Figure 14 shows weekday ozone episodes from 1992 to 2005. Figure 15 displays 

weekend ozone episodes from 1996 and 2004. 

Ozone on the weekday episodes. exhibit a slight negative trend with a slope of -0.004. 

The maximum temperatures for these episodes dropped more significantly -0.01. This 

temperature drop only refers to the episodes selected and is not reflective ofthe 

temperature trends in PortlandNancouver. The maximum temperatures in the episodes 

selected were lower toward the end of the 14 year period and could explain in part why 

the ozone levels in this graph were also lower. The weekend episode data shown in 

Figure 15 closely track the meteorological parameters. 

1.4 ,.-----------------~----------____r 0,14 

1.3 

1.2 0.12 

0 1.1 :!:; 


II) 


3: 

..: 1,0 - - - - - -- . ~ ~ ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -. . .. - - - - - - -.-.. ­ 0,10 G> 

> - .~ Tr~(lnl'1.e'f '" ~.~1x + 1.0 « 

.... 

0 

<5 	 0.9 ~ E

Q. :::.. E: !:!::. 0.8 0.08 G> Q. c: 

.,. "', E ,11; 0

N 

IG> 

0 

>; 

0.7 

G> 

til

c: 0.6 0.06 

d.'" Trendline..1. =0.004~+ O~

IX: 

II) 0.5

0.4 0.04 

0.3 	 --+-Aver WS/1 0
 L::!' Ozone max dail Bhr ave 
 0.2 	t----,--~--_,_----=:::;:=:::;:==~=::::::;::::::::=:::::;:==-_._----_l.. 0.02 

1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 

Figure 14: Thee day episodes with maximum temperatures ~ 90°F, wind speed < 

1Omph, Solar Radiation> 1 Langleys/hr, all weekdays9. 

9. Ozone measured by ODEQ and Southwest Washington Clean Air Agency, Meteorological data 

measured at SE Lafayette, Portland. 
1.4 

1.2 

'" t: 

$ 1.0 

~ It .. .. (> ~ 0.6 .. - ­ ! 

i 

~ .. .. .. .. .. .. ... ... ... ... ... ~ ---- - +-

1-

July f

1996 Aug 

1996 

~. 

'~"'-"-'-l -a- Max Templ1 00 

-6:-SR 

~AverWS 

-<)- Ozone max daily 8hr ave 

f ~ 0.6 ..-~-..--­

i July 

2004 

0.4 

0.2 

Figure 15: Three day episodes with maximum temperatures ~ 90°F, wind speed < 

IOmph, Solar Radiation >1 Langleylhr with third day on Saturday. 

1998 and 2003 episode comparison. 

0.14 

0.12 

0.10 

i 0.06 

J 

0.06 

0.04 

0.02 

-


In 2003 there were three multi-day episodes with temperatures ~ 90°F but the maximum 

ozone level only reached 0.084 ppm. Conversely, in 1998 there was only one multi-day ­ episode> 90°F and the maximum level reached 0.116 ppm. Ifthe maximum daily 

temperature criteria were lowered to ~ 88°F, there are more episodes to consider. 

Three day episodes 

In 1998 there is one three day episode and in 2003 there are two three day episodes ~ 

88°F (Table 2). These episodes all include at least one weekend day, however, one starts 

on a Sunday, one ends on Saturday, and one includes both Saturday and Sunday. All 

three days in the 1998 episode have maximum temperatures in the high 90s and only one 

day in the 2003 episodes has a temperature in the high 90s. Solar radiation and wind 

speeds are comparable. Figure 16 compares these three episodes. There is a drop in 

ozone levels in 2003 from 1998, however, the temperature in the 2003 episodes is also 

lower and the wind speed are higher. The 1998 maximum ozone level occurs on the first 

day (Sunday) ofthe three day episode. The proceeding day had a maximum temperature 

of 85°F and a maximum 8 hour ozone of 0.067ppm. The eight hour ozone level had a 

jump of 0.05 ppm in one day. The first days ofthe 2003 episode were both only 

0.002ppm higher than the proceeding day. 

-


9. Ozone measured by ODEQ and Southwest Washington Clean Air Agency, Meteorological data 

measured at SE Lafayette, Portland. 
Table 2. Three day ozone episodes with maximum temperatures:::: 88°F, average ws <10 

hId" 1 L 1 1hr9 mpl , average so ar ra latlOn > angleyl 

Aver 

Max Max Temp max aver WS maxWS 

Year Date Day 03 (X10) SR SR mph MPS 

7126/98 Sun 0.116 9.8 1.26 0.43 4 6.2 

1998 7/27/98 Mon 0.088 9.7 1.27 0.38 4 7.7 

7/28/98 Tue 0.098 9.9 1.25 0.45 5 11.7 I 

6/5/03 Thr 0.070 9.0 1.33 0.50 8 13.7 I 

2003 6/6/03 Fri 0.071 9.6 1.31 0.49 6 10.4 I 

6/7/03 Sat 0.071 9.0 . 1.29 0.47 5 9.3 

6127/03 Fri 0.046 8.8 1.29 i 0.48 7 11.8 

2003 6/28/03· Sat 0.066 9.2 1.32 0.47 7 13.1 

6/29/03 Sun 0.055 8.9 1.29 0.47 9 14.0 

___ Max Temp (Xl 0) 

~AverWSmph 

-tr-maxSR 

0,116 

~ 

_._--_.__. 

0.08a 

0.071 

··-9

0,066 

0,070 0,071 

..~~.--..-- .-D, 0,046 

----..._ ... 

c .. .. .a .. .. .a .. .. 

Sun .. Tues. Jul 26 .. Jul 28 Thr· Sat. Jun 5 Jun 7 Fri .. Sun. Jun 27 • Jun 29 

12 0,14

0.12 

10 

0.10 

I 8 

0.08 i ~ 

<f 6 

is i I/. 0.06 

~ {!!. 4 t0,04 

2 0.02 

a 0.00 

1998 2003 2003 

Figure 16. 1998 and 2003 three day episodes with temperatures:::: 88°F, ws < 10mph, > 1 

. Langleylhr9

• 

-


9. Ozone measured by ODEQ and Southwest Washington Clean Air Agency, Meteorological data 

measured at SE Lafayette, Portland. 
Four day episodes 

Two four day episodes with similar meteorological patterns occurred in 1998 and 2003 in - early September (Table 3). The maximum ozone levels during these two four day 

episodes were virtually identical and they both occurred in the second day ofthe four day 

stretch (Figure 17). 

Table 3. Four day ozone episodes with maximum temperatures 2: 88°F, average ws <10 

mpJ h I , average so ar r ad" latlOn> 1 L 1 angJeyl Ihr

Max Max Temp max aver AverWS maxWS 

Year Date Day 03 (X10) SR SR mph MPS 

I 8/31/98 Mon 0.079 9.6 1.1 0.36 6 9.2 

1998 9/1/98 Tue 0.081 9.1 1.1 0.36 I 5 9.7 

9/2/98 Wed 0.041 8.8 1.1 0.36 I 7 11.2 

9/3/98 Thr 0.053 8.9 I 1.1 I 0.35 ! 7 11.2 

9/2/03 Tue 0.055 9.2 I 1.0 ! 0.33 I 5 : 6.8 I 

9/3/03 Wed 0.084 9.2 I 1.0 I 0.30 4 6.6 2003 

9/4/03 Thr 0.075 9.2 ! 1.0 ; 0.33 4 6.:~ 

9/5/03 Fri 0.050 9.0 I 1.1 ! 0.34 4 6.9 

1998 vs 2003 Four day episodes 

12.0 0.090 I=::: ~::r~~~~1 0>-\ 0.064 

0.079 , __maxSR 

10.0 I • Max03 . 

--- 8.0 

60 ' 

4.0 

2.0 

'" '" .. ... 

Tue - Thr, Aug 31 Sept 3 Mon - Wed, Sep 2 5 0.0 

0.080 

0.070 - 0.060 

i 

~ 0.050 i

Pi 

&.. 0.040 B 

i 0.030 

0.020 

0.010 

0.000 

1998 2003 

Figure 17. 1998 and 2003 four day early September episodes with temperatures 2: 88°F, 

ws < lOmph, > 1 Langleylhr. 

9. Ozone measured by ODEQ and Southwest Washington Clean Air Agency, Meteorological data 

measured at SE Lafayette, Portland. 
Discussion: 

In the last 14 years, ozone levels in Portland and Vancouver have been going down 

slightly while the population and the vehicle miles traveled continued to grow. The 

number of consecutive days with temperatures over 90°F went up during the same period. 

When similar high temperature episodes were compared over the years, ozone trends also 

were slightly negative. Portland also witnessed a drop in precursor pollutants 

concentrations which helps explain the lower than expected ozone levels. The wind 

speed and ventilation on maximum ozone days were typical for stagnant conditions and 

were not a factor in the ozone trending. 

The 2003 episodes were evidence ofthis. 2003 had more episodes than a similar hot 

year, 1998, but had a much lower maximum. The 1998 maximum occurred on a Sunday 

and jumped 0.05 ppm in one day. This is a very large rate ofincrease for the eight hour 

average and indicates that there was much more activity on Sunday than usual along with 

low wind speeds and high temperatures. The 1998 solar radiation levels were actually 

lower than the 2003 episodes however. The Monday following this event was a Clean 

Air Action Day and could have helped lower the precursor pollutants levels. The 2003 

episodes had lower ozone levels with similar meteorological factors which could mean 

lower precursor levels were present. The precursor trends shown in Figures 4 through 7 

above prove this to be true. 

Conclusion: 

The slightly negative ozone trend, the upward temperature trends, and the negative 

precursor trends would indicate that the ozone reduction programs are working. This 

argument can be made because the PortlandNancouver popUlation and total vehicle 

miles traveled continues to grow. However, many ofthe VOC controls are already in 

place and PortlandNancouver could see more ozone with the expected population 

growth. The Oregon Low Emission Vehicle program is new in 2005-2006 and may 

result in further reduction in precursors per VMT. 
References 

1. 	 Bamack, A. 2004 Oregon Air Quality Data Summaries, Oregon Department of 

Environmental Quality, Air Quality Division, May 2005. pg 44. 

2. 	 Cai, Q. 2004 Oregon Population Report, Population Research Center, College of 

Urban and Public Affairs, Portland State University. Pg 7. 

3. 	 Author unknown, 2002 Oregon Population Report, Population Research Center, 

College of Urban and Public Affairs, Portland State University. Pg 6. 

4. 	 Turpe1 M., Principal Transportation Planner 

5. 	 Horowitz D., OOl_Portland-National-DMVT.xls, Portland Metro 

6. 	 Finneran, B. 1996 Meteorological Factors Conducive to Ozone Formation in the 

PortlandNancouver Area, Oregon DEQ. 

Simplified Ozone Formation 

Ozone (03) is a secondary pollutant produced by the photolysis ofNitrogen Dioxide 

(N02) to NO and a single oxygen (0). The single Oxygen (0) bonds to Oxygen (02) in 

the presence of any solid material. In summary the reaction is: 

hv ' 

N02+ O2+ m---to> NO + 0 3 + m 

Ozone readily reacts with Nitrogen oxide (NO) to return to oxygen when the ultra violet 

radiation levels drop. 

NO + 0 3 noh~ N02 + O2 

This is an equilibrium which can be driven to produce more ozone by the addition of 

more N02. N02 is formed indirectly from the degradation ofvolatile organic carbons 

(RHOC) in the presence offree radicals (OH-) and ultraviolet radiation. The RHOC and 

OH- produce another free radical H02- which can react with NO to form N02 and 

another free radical (OH-). 

OH- + RHOC JJx.. NO + H02- ---to> N02+OH­

-

Appendix 010-3 

Emission Inventory 

The Portland-Vancouver AQMA and the Salem-Keizer Area Transportation Study air quality 

area were designated "Unclassifiable/Attainment" with the 8-hour ozone National Ambient Air 

Quality Standard (NAAQS) on April 30, 2004 (69 FR 23829-30), as demonstrated through air 

quality monitoring data. EPA requires this maintenance plan to demonstrate continued 

compliance for at least ten years following EPA deSignation. WSU performed a modeling 

analysis that forecasted ozone levels to 2015 and determined that these areas will continue to 

meet the standard. 

The maintenance plan accommodates future growth and provides for the protection of public 

health by ensuring compliance with the 8-hour ozone standard. The maintenance plan 

continues emission reduction strategies needed to maintain compliance. To approve the 

maintenance plan, EPA requires permanent and enforceable reductions in emissions to remain 

in effect throughout the maintenance period. 

In compliance with published EPA requirements, this emission inventory is provided as a part of 

the State's revisions to its State Implementation Plan (SIP) to formulate a strategy to maintain 

the NAAQS. The principal components for development and documentation for the 

maintenance plan inventories include stationary point sources, stationary area sources, nonroad mobile sources, on-road mobile sources, biogenic emission sources, quality assurance 

implementation, and emissions summaries. The geographic focus for this emission inventory is 

the Oregon portion of the Portland-Vancouver AQMA and the Salem-Keizer Area Transportation 

Study (SKATS) air quality area. Countywide estimates are used to facilitate comparison with 

future year National Emission Inventory submittals. The emissions inventory for the PortlandVancouver AQMA (Oregon portion) includes Clackamas, Multnomah and Washington counties. 

The emissions inventory for the Salem-Keizer SKATS air quality area includes Marion and Polk 

counties. A complete copy of the emission inventory is on file at OEQ and available upon 

request. 

The WSU modeling study (Appendix 010-4) describes the emissions inventory that was used to 

validate the model and evaluate the 2015 projection. The model meteorology was based on a 

July 1998 episode in which the Portland area violated the one-hour ozone NAAQS at the Carus 

monitoring site. 

Point source emissions from sources that are not Title 5 point sources were inventoried by OEQ 

regional staff and SWCAA using the following parameters: 

Geographic Area !VOC NOx CO I 

AQMA I >10 tons/year >40 tons/year > 1 00 tons/year 

• 25-mile buffer ~ >100 tons/year i >40 tons/year >100 tons/year 

Modeling domain ! >100 tons/year >40 tons/year >100 tons/year 

In this document the terms "annual emissions" and "typical summer day" emissions are used to 

categorize the estimated emissions for a particular time period. The annual emissions, in tons 

per year, are a total amount of emissions for the source category that occurred throughout the 

year. The typical summer day emissions, in pounds per day, are based on the ozone season 

- period from May 1st through September 30th as one in which, historically, the 8-hour ozone 

standard would most likely be exceeded. 

Adopted by the EQC 02122107 38 
Point Source Inventory Area -

Lrgt>nd .~. 'I' 

DSKATS AO Boundary 


~ncouver AQMA 


Dporlland AOMA 

CJ25 Mile Buffer 


-Highways 


-Roads 

a .;) 1eJ" .. It, 1 t ! • ! ! 

- Annual Emission Inventory 

The attainment year emission inventory (2002) for area sources, non-road mobile and on-road 

mobile sources and Title 5 point sources was developed from the DEQ 2002 Consolidated 

Emissions Reporting Rule (CERR) National Emission Inventory (NEI) submittal. For point 

sources, DEQ used 2002 "actual" data generated from point source annual reports for the 

attainment year inventory. For the 2015 maintenance demonstration, DEQ used "allowable" 

data generated from point source permits that represents the maximum allowable emissions 

that could be generated at each facility. Washington sources were grown proportionally. The 

2015 maintenance demonstration also included a growth allowance in both Oregon and 

Washington. 5,000 tons VOC and 5,000 tons NOx were added to areas zoned for industrial 

growth in the Oregon portion of the Portland-Vancouver AQMA, and a proportional amount of 

411 tons of VOC and 1,313 tons of NOx was added to areas zoned for industrial growth in the 

Washington portion of the Portland-Vancouver AQMA. 

The annual emission inventory is summarized in Tables 12 and 13 below. The annual 

emissions are included for ease of comparison with future year CERR National Emission 

Inventory submittals. 

-


Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 39 
Table12: Portland Area voe and NOx Emissions (tons/year) 

Portland Area VOC Emissions Portland Area NO. Emissions Portland Area CO Emissions 


Annual Emissions (tons/year) Annual Emissions (tons/year) Annual Emissions (tonslyear) 


Clackamas, Multnomah, Washington Counties Clackamas, Multnomah, Washington Counties Clackamas, Multnomah, Washington Counties 


g,gc: 1ii 1ii ~g 1ii ~g :::0 :::0 :::0 

~g ",,,,I!! t§ ",,,,~ c: '" t~ ",lii2! ~ .,-c:1i) .,-c:fi) .,-c't) ell;! ~ r:5&j ~ r:5&j e.!c: o.!c: oj!c: g !.l)'(5' N·ffi § g ",'0' g 11)'0' NcO 0 

"I ott "I 

0 ~o: N·ffi ~ "I0 oD: iii ~ "I "I Source Til!e 2~ SourceT~~e 2~ Source Til!9 20 

AREA 92,946 108,109 108,109 AREA 5.808 5,822 5,822 AREA 104,621 139,992 139,992 

NON-ROAD 13,247 13,308 13,308 NON-ROAD 17,344 17,223 17,223 NON-ROAD 153,204 330,324 330,324 

ON-ROAD 23,683 8.538 8.538 ON-ROAD 36.786 10.339 10,339 ON-ROAD 288,435 127.923 127,923 

POINT 3,056 3.292 21.721 POINT 2,522 2,862 15.191 POINT 2,214 2,364 19,768 

Total 132,931 133,246 151,675 Total 62,461 36,245 48,574 Total 548,474 600,603 618,007 

Table13: Salem Area voe and NOx Emissions (tons/year) 

Salem Area VOC Emissions Salem Area NO. Emissions Salem Area CO Emissions 


Annual Emissions (tons/year) Annual Emissions (tons/year) Annual Emissions (tons/year) 


Marion. Polk Counties Marion, Polk Counties Marion, Polk Counties 


1ii -5 ~.g 1ii j c: g~ 1ii ..c (U .2 

:::J 3:6 em :::0 jag m o.Q", ",.I:s " 0·- '" ",.I:s 9 e., '" "'"" ..... ell!lo1ii~c: ~ {5ioai~c: ~ (5~oai~c: g ~e-N5~ g ~ 'e N:S ~ g !.O'O'Nc;O

o 0 0 00: 'm~ SourceT~ N ~a. ~~ SourceT~ "I ~a. ~~ SourceT~ N N 20

AREA 20.297 22,594 22.594 AREA 1,646 1,581 1,581 AREA 34,547 42,428 42,428 

NON-ROAD 2,401 2.334 2.334 NON-ROAD 3,159 3,062 3,062 NON-ROAD 27,025 55,138 55,138 

ON-ROAD 9,331 2.724 2,724 ON-ROAD 11,276 3,326 3.326 ON-ROAD 116,116 42,445 42,445 

POINT 218 302 1,079 POINT 302 577 846 POINT 30 329 767 

Total 32,247 27.954 28,731 Total 16,383 8.547 8,815 Total 177.719 140,341 140,779 

Typical Summer Day Emission Inventory 

For the 2002 base year and 2015 maintenance demonstration, DEQ used the countywide 

inventory for area, on-road and non-road sources. DEQ generated the typical summer day 

emission inventory using the Sparse Matrix Operator Kernel Emissions Modeling System 

(SMOKE) model to make the seasonal adjustments to the annual emissions inventory. 

Complete descriptions of the seasonal adjustment factors used to develop typical summer day 

emissions can be found in the Inventory Preparation Plan, available from DEQ. The SMOKE 

model was used to seasonally adjust the emissions for the CMAQ model validation, 2002 

attainment inventory and 2015 maintenance demonstration emissions inventories. 

Fireplace and woodstove emissions were not included in the seasonally-adjusted area source 

inventory because they would not likely be used during meteorological conditions conducive to 

ozone formation (hot, stagnant summer days). Wildfires, prescribed fires and structural fires 

were also not included in the 2002 Att~inment Inventory and 2015 maintenance demonstration 

inventory because the modeling team's research on source activity during the July 1998 

episode indicated that these emissions were not Significant during the 1998 episode. 

Typically, industrial production and emissions are fairly constant throughout the year. 

Figures 7 and 8, and Tables 14 and15, describe the typical summer day emissions inventories 

in Portland and Salem. 

-. 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22107 40 
Figure 7: Top Ten Sources, Portland 

to Nonroad: Gasoune 2­

stroke 

• Msc, Non-Industrial 

Solvent Utilization 

iii Nonroad: Gasonne 4­ I stroke 

'ii [)egreasing 

I , _ 

IQ 

I Marine , ,

I.Industrial Fblnt Sources 

! (actuals) 

Iii Nonroad: Diesel 

I 

Top Ten Sources 

~'--~-----~---------

Portland Area 2002 voe 

Top Ten Sources 

(excluding biogenic em isslons) 

160,000 

140,000 

1?n nnn 

100,000 

60,000 

40,000 

20,000 

o 

Portland Area 2002 NOx 

Top Ten Sources 

(excluding biogenic em issions) 

140,000 

120,000 

100,000 

80,000 

>­ It! 

"C

;e 

60,000 

40,000 

20,000 

0 

Top Ten Sources 

r---' ---~, 

I iIOn-Road: Gasoline I 

I 

Vehicles 

• On-Road: Diesel I Vehicles 

IQ Nonroad: lAeset 

i QNonroad: Comrercial I Marine Vessels 

i • Industrial Point 

I 

, Sources (actuals) 

iiiNonroad: Locormlive 

I 

': IiNonroad: Gasofl!'le 4­ : 

stroke 

:!JNonroad: LPG 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 

Portland Area 2015 voe 

Top Ten Sources 

(excluding biogenic emissions) 

160,000 


140,000 


1?O non 

100,000 

60,000 


40,000 


I 

20,000 

o 

Q On-Road: GasoWne 

[J Msc, Non-Industrial 

Solvent Utilization 

iiiNonroad: Gasoroo 2­

stroke 

• Industrial Fblnl 

(actuals + projection) 

Top Ten Sources 

--I 

I Portland Area 2015 NOx 


Top Ten Sources 


(excluding biogenic emissions) 

140.000 

120,000 

100,000 

80.000 

if!' 

"C

;e 

60,000 

40.000 

20,000 

o 

-

iIOn-Road: Gasoline I 

Vehicles 

• Nonroad: Diesel 

Q On-Road: Diesel 

Vehicles 

!Cl Nonroad: Corrmercial 

, Marine Vessels 

• industrial Point 

projection) iii NoIiroad: Gasonne 4- I 

stroke ' 

IIiNonroad: Locomotive 

I

,0 Nonroad: Aircraft & 

, Aircraft Refueling 

• Nonfoad: Recreational ' 

Marine : 

Top Ten Sources 

41 

• Open Burning: 

Agriculural 

o On-Road: Gasoline 

Vehicles 

13 Msc. Non-Industrial 

Solvent Utilization 

IiNonroad: Recreational 

iv1arine 

Figure 8: Top Ten Sources, Salem 

Salem Area 2002 VOC 

Top Ten Sources 

(excluding biogenic emissions) 

60,000 

liOn-Road: Vehicles GaSOIin."I • Surface Coating 50,000 

oOpen Burning: 

Agricultural 

Ell Nonroad: Gasorl!le 

2-stroke 

40,000 

• Msc. Non-Industrial 

~ Solvent Utilization

"0 30,000 

~ IiAuto Gas: Storage

& Transport 

IiNonroad: Gasoline 

20,000 4-stroke 

IJ Graphic Arts 

10,000 • Degreasing 

IiNonroad: Diesel 

° Top Ten Sources 

Salem Area 2015 VOC 


Top Ten Sources 


(excluding biogenic emiSSions) 

60,000 

50,000 

40,000 

~ 

~ 30,000 

20,000 

10,000 

° Top Ten Sources 

CJ Open Burning: , 

Agricuttural I' 

• Nonroad: Locormtive 

iii Industrial A::>int I 

I Sources (actuals) " 

iii Nonrood: Gasoline 4­

stroke I 

I iii Industrial Fuel I 

LConsurrption , 

,"--~'~~'--'------'---'-------, 

Salem Area 2002 NOx 

Top Ten Sources 

(excluding biogenic emissions) 

~ 

45,000 


40,000 


35,000 


30,000 


>. 25,000 


20,000 


15,000 


10,000 


5,000 

o .-~.-~.-..~ 

Top Ten Sources 

Salem Area 2015 NOx 

Top Ten Sources 

(excluding biogenic emissions) 

45,000 

.I>i:mroad: Diesel 

Iii On-Road: GasoHne 

Vehicles 

40,000 

35,000 [J On-Road: Diesel 

Vehicles 

30,000 CJ Open Burning: 

Agriculural 

>. 25,000 • Industrial Point <U Sources (actual. + 

projection) ~ 20,000 IOl Nonrood: Locorrotive 

Iii Nonroad: Gasotine 4­

stroke 

15,000 

CJ Open Burning: 10,000 Residential 

• Industrial Fuel 5,000 Consufl1:llion 

! iiiResidential NGIOn o L~Consufl1:l~-----.J Top Ten Sources 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 42 

i 
Summary of Portland AQMA Emissions (Clackamas. Multnomah, and Washington 

Counties) - A summary of the Portland-Vancouver AQMA Ozone Maintenance Plan Emission Inventory for 

Point, Area, Non-road Mobile and On-road Mobile sources of VOC and NOx emissions is 

presented in the following section. Percentages reflect anthropogenic (human-caused) 

emissions; biogenic emissions have been subtracted from this summary (see Tables 14 and 

15). A full copy of the emission inventory is available upon request from DEQ. 

Portland Area VOC and NO. Emissions, (Ib/day) 

(Clackamas, Multnomah. Washington Counties) 

----- voe, 100 per day ------­ ---­ NO•• Ibs per day -----­

2015 2015 2015 

Source 2002 2015 Growth Maintenance Source 2002 Growth Maintenance 

T:lee Actual Projection Demonstration T~ee Actual Projection Demonstration 

AREA 253,871 291,098 291,098 AREA 5,529 6,157 6,157 

BIOGENIC 437,910 437,910 437,910 BIOGENIC 3,890 3,890 3,890 

NONROAD 110,188 101,699 101,699 NONROAD 136,713 95.638 95,638 

ON-ROAD 139,542 54,521 54,521 ON-ROAD 216,750 66,910 66,910 

POINT 17,020 18,304 119,943 POINT 14,913 16,783 66,780 

--

Totals ..

Totals 

958,531 903,531 1,005,171 Totals -"-"­ 377,794 191,378 ~~1,37~ 

Minus 

Biogenic 520,621 465,621 567,260 373,904 187,487 257,485 

2002 Attainment Inventory (Clackamas, Multnomah, and Washington Counties) 

During an ozone season day, on-road mobile sources contribute 27% of the VOC and 58% of 

the total NOx air emissions in the Oregon portion of the Portland-Vancouver AQMA. On-road 

mobile source emissions are based on motor vehicle travel on a typical summer day and the 

seasonal adjustment factor reflects the fact that emissions would likely increase during the 

summer months when tourism traffic picks up. Gasoline vehicles contribute 26% of the VOC 

emissions and 34% of the NOx emissions within the on-road mobile category; diesel vehicles 

contribute 24% of the NOxemissions. 

Stationary area sources comprise 49% of the voe and 1 % of the NOxair emissions in the 

Portland area on a typical summer day. Within the area source category, surface coating 

contributes 25% of the VOC emissions while consumer solvents contribute 7% and graphic arts 

contribute 10% of the VOC emissions. NOxemissions from area sources are insignificant. 

Non-road mobile sources contribute 21% of the VOC and 37% of the NOx emissions on a 

typical summer day. Off-highway diesel equipment comprises 21% of the daily NOx emissions; 

8% of the VOC emissions originate from 2-cycle engines within the non-road mobile source 

category. 

Stationary point sources comprise 3% of the voe and 4 % of the NOx emissions in the Portland 

area on a typical summer day. 

Biogenic emissions which are produced by life substances (e.g. terpenes from pine trees) 

contribute 46% of the total voe during a typical summer day. Washington State University 

provided the biogenic emissions data and these emissions are assumed to remain unchanged 

in the future, although urban development does modify the amount, location and type of 

vegetation over time. - Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 43 
--

-----

2015 Maintenance Demonstration (Clackamas. Multnomah. and Washington Counties) 

During an ozone season day, on-road mobile sources contribute 12% of the VOC and 37% of 

the NOx air emissions in the Oregon portion of the Portland-Vancouver AQMA. On-road mobile 

source emissions are based on motor vehicle travel on a typical summer day and the seasonal 

adjustment factor reflects the fact that emissions would likely increase during the summer 

months when tourism traffic picks up. Gasoline vehicles contribute 11 % of the VOC emissions 

and 24% of the NOx emissions within the on-road mobile category; diesel vehicles contribute 

13% of the NOx emissions. 

Stationary area sources comprise 63% of the VOC and 3% of the NOx emissions in the Portland 

area on a typical summer day. Within the area source category, surface coating contributes 

32% of the VOC emissions while consumer solvents contributes 9% and graphic arts contribute 

13% of the VOC emissions. 

Non-road mobile sources contribute 22% of the VOC and 51% of the NOx emissions on a typical 

summer day. Off-highway diesel equipment comprises 23% of the daily NOx emissions. 

Stationary point sources comprise 4% of the VOC and 9 % of the NOx emissions in the Portland 

area on a typical summer day. 

Biogenic emissions which are produced by life substances (e.g. terpenes from pine trees) 

contribute 48% of the total VOC during a typical summer day. Washington State University 

provided the biogenic emissions data and these emissions are assumed to remain unchanged 

in the future, although urban development does modify the amount, location and type of 

vegetation over time. 

Summary of Salem-Keizer (SKATS) Emissions (Marion and Polk Counties) 

A summary of the Salem-Keizer Area Ozone Maintenance Plan Emission Inventory for Point, 

Area, Non-road Mobile and On-road Mobile sources of VOC and NOx emissions is presented in 

the following section. Percentages reflect anthropogenic (human-caused) emissions; biogenic 

emissions have been subtracted from this summary (see Tables 12 and 13). A full copy of the 

emission inventory is available upon request from DEQ. 

Salem Area VOC and NO. Emissions, (Ib/day) 

(Marion & Polk Counties) 

voe, Ibs per day ----­ ------ NO•• Ibs per day ------­

Source 

T;tEe 

AREA 

BIOGENIC 

NONROAD 

ON-ROAD 

POINT 

2002 2

Actual 

66.252 

296.719 

20.462 

54.980 

1;198 

015 Growth 

Projection 

66.416 

296.719 

17,901 

16.004 

1.657 

2015 

Maintenance 

Demonstration 

68,416 

296.719 

17.901 

16.004 

6.021 

Source 

Tl:~e 

AREA 

BIOGENIC 

NONROAD 

ON-ROAD 

POINT 

2002 

Actual 

6.227 

3,803 

28,793 

66,442 

1,701 

2015 

Growth 

Projection 

6.400 

3.803 

16,618 

20.582 

3,168 

2015 

Maintenance 

Demonstration 

6.400 

3,803 

16.618 

20.582 

4,701 

Totals 

Totals 

Minus 

Biogenic 

439,610 

142,891 

400.698 

103,979 

405.062 

108,343 

Totals __ 106,967 

103.163 

50,571~____ 

46.768 

~,!Q~ 

48.300 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 44 
2002 Attainment Inventory (Marion and Polk Counties) 

During an ozone season day, on-road mobile sources contribute 38% of the voe and 64% of 


the NOx emissions in the Salem-Keizer area. On-road mobile source emissions are based on 


motor vehicle travel on a typical summer day and the seasonal adjustment factor reflects the 


fact that emissions would likely increase during the summer months when tourism traffic picks 


up. Gasoline vehicles contribute 35% of the voe emissions and 40% of the NOx emissions 


within the on-road mobile category. On-road diesel vehicles contribute 24% of the NOx 


emissions. 


Stationary area sources comprise 46% of the voe and 6% of the NOx emissions in the Salem 


area on a typical summer day. Within the area source category, surface coating contributes 


15% of the voe emissions while agricultural open burning contributes 13% and consumer 


solvents contributes 6% of the voe emissions. 


Non-road mobile sources contribute 14% of the voe and 28% of the NOx emissions on a typical 


summer day. Off-highway diesel equipment comprises 21 % of the daily NOx emissions; 7% of 


the total voe emissions originate from 2-cycle engines within the non-road mobile source 


category. 


Stationary point sources comprise 1 % of the voe and 2 % of the NOx emissions in the Salem 


area on a typical summer day. 


Biogenic emissions contribute 67% of the total voe during a typical ozone season day. 


Biogenic emissions data was provided by Washington State University and these emissions 


were assumed to remain unchanged in the future, although urban development does modify the 

amount, location and type of vegetation over time. 
 ­ 2015 Maintenance Demonstration (Marion and Polk Counties) 

During an ozone season day, on-road mobile sources contribute 15% of the voe and 44% of 

the NOx emissions in the Salem-Keizer area. On-road mobile source emissions are based on 

motor vehicle travel on a typical summer day and the seasonal adjustment factor reflects the 

fact that emissions would likely increase during the summer months when tourism traffic picks 

up. Gasoline vehicles contribute 15% of the voe emissions and 28% of the NOx emissions 

within the on-road mobile category. On-road diesel vehicles contribute 16% of the NOx 

emissions. 

Stationary area sources comprise 66% of the voe and 13% of the NOx emissions in the Salem 

area on a typical summer day. Within the area source category, surface coating contributes 

25% of the voe emissions while agricultural open burning contributes 18% and consumer 

solvents contributes 10% of the voe emissions. 

Non-road mobile sources contribute 17% of the voe and 36% of the NOx emissions on a typical 

summer day. Off-highway diesel equipment comprises 25% of the daily NOx emissions; 7% of 

the voe emissions originate from 2-cycle engines within the non-road mobile source category. 

Stationary point sources comprise 2% of the voe and 7 % of the NOx emissions in the Salem 

area on a typical summer day. This includes one proposed energy facility that has since 

withdrawn its permit application and will not be constructed. -

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 45 
Biogenic emissions contribute 74% of the total vae during a typical ozone season day. 

Biogenic emissions data was provided by Washington State University and these emissions 

were assumed to remain unchanged in the future, although urban development does modify the 

amount, location and type of vegetation over time. 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 46 
Table14: 2002 Emission Inventory grouped by see codes 

MullnomahIWashin ton/Clackamas Coun 2002 Totals MarionlPolk 

GroY 

Coun 

Desc 

2002 Totals 

voe tpy VOC IbG per day 

- 437,910 Bi~nic Emissi()~!> 296,719 

22,782,1 134,234 On~Roed'- Gasoline V(lhic!es 53,497 

21,e01J;! 131,550 Su1ece Coat:ng 21,586 

8,233,3, 54,416 Open Burning: Agricultura! 8146 1S,503 

5,1336 42041 Nonroad: Gasohne 2~stroke 1,166,2 9,854 

5,729.e 35,026 1.-'7?5.4 5.829 

4,149.6 32,054 8,660 

4,428,0, 25,1)49 5,921 

22,~92 3,985 

17p20 666,8 3,772 

9,0,35 223.0 2,409 

5,308 ABe.6 1 §56 

M88 1,483 

2,513 1,198 

1,874 719 

953 59.4 347 

125A 774 29.3 161 

94.1' 516 22.a '\21 

895 490 20,2 111 

672 366 Feod P'l!.paratl::lfi 106 58 

646 355 !rd~i.~ Fuel COnGumplion 7.9 8 

553 299 ResidetrtiAl NGlOil Consumpfior 60 

86 50 CommerClalr!nstrtut.onal Fuei Ccnsumpt,on 3.7 

45.4 

275 

25.1 

'6 

27 

2. 

_ Non-Perc DryclAAning 

NONROAD Nonrnad' CNG 

AREA Residential Wood Combustion 

04 

0' 

11 :~33 3 

29 17 AREA Prescnbad Burning 464.6 

51,141.0 AREA Structure ~I;as 155 

209.3 AREA Wikff.rn:s 9.1 

194,9 

20, 

Totals 

Totals minus BIOGEN!C 

32.247,1 439,610 

142,891 ; 

132,930,8 958,531 

520,621 

NOX 'PY Grow Dese NOX tpy NOX lbe per day 

21,588.8 On-Road: Gasol ne Var~des 7,018.7 41,355 

15, t97 7 On-Road' ::llesel Vehicles 4.257] . 25,O~7 

7,393.6 NOnfoad, :liesel 1,959.4 21.479 

3,444.7 Ope" BUffill''l9: Agriculiural 34.2 5,201 

2,522.0 

2,136.6 

Nonroed: LOCO"f"otlve 

BI09!'nic EmiSSions 

713.4 3,909 

3,803 

1,494.6 Industrial POtl~ So~rces (aduals) 301,6 1,70' - 1,61 94 Nonroad: Gasoline 4-st"Oke 211.0 1892 

7952 Nom'Oad: LPG 222.5 1,302 

Oper Bumlng KeSidenlial 63.0 341 

241.4 'rdustrial Fuel Consumption 321 

1,895.3 Resldentlal NG'Od Consu,,",pllon 220 

179,9 AD Nonrcad; .qecreahoral Marine 17.6 173 

Ccmmerciallinslitutional Fuel Consumption 

1,0304 

9728 

Nonroad, eNG 

Commerclalr!nsti!uhona: FUG' Ccnsumpfon 

24.4 

1417 

'52 

145 

Open Burnmg. Agricuttural 

O~n Burnin9: Residen1ia! 

Nonroad: Gasoline 2·stroke 

1060 

1Cl,J9 

36,3 

Nontoad: GaSOline 2-stroke 

Nont"Oad, Airc!~ 8. Aircraft Refueling 

Residential Wood Combus1.on 

78 

2~ 

336.4 

70 

16 

Mumc,pe! (non-TY; Lerldfills 34.9 Prescribed Bu~nlng 215.7 

Reslderrtial Wood Combusll:m 1,545.2 

972 

248 

08 

62,460,5 

Wildfires 

Stl"UCture Fires 

. Totals 

Totals minus BfOGENtC 

38 

2,0 

16.383,0 106,967 

103,163 

Totals minus BIOGENIC 

COIpy co GroupDesc co tpy co 11:16 per day 

On-Road: Gasoline Vehiclas 

Nonroad: Gasoline 4-stroka 

2B4,222.'1 

120,950.2 

On-Roed' Gasoline Vehicles 

Norroeci: Gasoline 4-s1roke 

114,9286 

21,5781 

677,172 

173,631 

Nonroad, Recraalionel Meline 8,874.-4 Open Bumlng' Agricultural 6.223.6 140,948 

9,639.3 2:';992 18,979 

4,0167 1,040,6 11,390 

6,341.5 1236.9 7,315 

4,212.7 1,187.6 6.997 

692.9 647.6 6358 

Industfial Point Sourt:es (Actue!s) 

Nom'Oad Atn::raft 8. Akcrt'lfl ~efuelirg 

2,214,3 

2,17£'-3 

1,7081 

713.3 4,319 

Nonroad: LPG 

Nonroad: Aircraft & Aircraft Rafue:tng 

NONROAD NOl"Ifoed: CNG 

NONROA0 Nonroad. Locor"".olive 

871_8 

519.5 

97.1 

712 

5,093 

2,846 

607 

:)90 

2742 1,502 POINT Industna! Po,nt SC:'.IICE1S (actuels) 30.0 1$8 

Industrial Fuel Consumption 

Kas.identll~1 NGI9;I_ConsumP.lJOn 

Commerc~lf!nsti!utlon8! Fuel Consump1ion 

Munu!!pal (non-TV) Landfills 

2152 

544.9 

3932 

350.1 

30,B 

1,~79 

660 

383 

358 

169 

AREA Industrial Fuel Consumption 

AREA Ros!denlia! NG/O:I Consump!lon 

AREA Comme'Cial,1ns!ih./ti'?.na; Fue! Cons'Jmplion 

AREA 

AREA 

Residential W"Jod Combustio;"i 

Prescribed Swning 

111,0 

86,1 

513 

21,170.5 

5,476.1 

114 

•• 

53 

97,2474 

2,4666 

1.06:U 

23. 

548,474.2 2,941,144 

AREA 

AREA 

Wild!l;es 

Structure Fires 

Totals 

107-4 

84_3 

177,718,7 1,052,164 

- Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 47 
Table15: 2015 Emission Inventory grouped by see codes 

-


MultnomahlWashinaton/Clackamas County 2015 Totals Marion/Polk County 2015 Totals 

!IlIIIr'. GroupOeoo voe tpy VOC 11>0 per day lfictor GroupOeoo VOCtpy VOC 1b6 per day 

~.Bioge~~c Emissions 

~urlace Coating 

~:~:I:;~aSOline Vehicles 

AREA Misc. Non-Industrial Solvent Utilization ----,. . 

NONROAD Nonroad: Gasoline 4-slroke 

NONROAD Nonroad: Gasoline 2-stroke -~ - ~Deg~asing 

~_.Nonroad. Re~r~atlona! Marine 

~~OAD ,~:~::i:~ ci~~::~ources (actu~'s + pro/ecti_on) 

Auto G,,:Storaga & Transport 

~~~;~O;~~~~;~~~I::I~~~:I 

~,~onroad: Ai~cra~ &_ Aircraft Refueling 

__ Open Buming. Residential 

MUnlcl~e! ~non-TV) Landfills 

~~~::: Looomotive 

~,Nonro;d: CM\! 

Nonroad.J:.PG 

AREA Food Preparation 

Non-~erc Drycieening_ 

AREA Industrial Fuel Consumption 

~esidanliat NGlOfi Consumption 

Commercierllns.tll~lonal Fuel Consumption 

~onr_oad: CN~.. • 

Resl~~,nl~al ~oo~ CombustIOn 

SIr:uctura Flras 

Prascribed Bumlng 

~Wild~res 

I--~::: minus BIOGENIC 

24,8830 

9,287.4 

8,211.7 

7,0260 

5.429.7 

3,B036 

5,1018 

2.6605 

3,2919 

890 1 

4539 

325 0 

83.4 

287.2 

1579 

1108 

89.6 

80.2 

75.8 

70.7 

62.3 

107 

466 

34.6 

28.4 

0.5 

60,285 

245.5 

2093 

2 

133,246,1 

BIOGENIC Biogenic Emissions 

AREA Surf~ce Coa_ting 

AREA Open Buming: AgricuHurel 

ON-ROAD On-Road: Gasoline Vehlclas 

___ Misc. Non-lndustn~1 Sol~nl Utilization 

NONROAD Nonroed. Gasoline 2-stroke 

NON ROAD_ Nonroad: Gasoline 4·stroke 

~~__ GraphiC ,lI,!1s 

~_.Degreasing 

AREA A_u.to ~as: Storege & Tren~port 

NONROAD Nonroed: Recreational Marine 

437.910 

151,071 

61.383 

52,324 

42,764 

37,204 

28,890 

28,861 

2~,087 

18,304 

4,685 

~!616 

2,197 

1,874 

1,573 

POINT Industrial POln! Sources (actuals + projection) I 

974 

607 

491 

440 

415 

351 

337 

62 

48 

337 

29 

NONROAD Nonroad: Diesel 

AREA _Open Burnlng._Residential 

ON-ROAD On-Road' Diasal Vehicles 

NONROAD Nonroad' Locomotive 

AREA POTWs 

NONROAD Nonroed: Aircraft & Alrcreft Refueling 

AREA Food Prepel"!'tlon 

NONROAD Nonroad: LPG 

AREA Industrial Fuel Consumption 

AREA Resldemlal NG/Oil Consumption 

Commerclal!lnstltutio~Fuel Consumption 

AREA Non·Perc Drycleanlng 

NONROAD Nonroad: CNG 

!!.esidantial Wood Combusti.9n 

Pr~scribed BU.f!1lng 

AREA Structure Fires 

AREA Wildfires 

.--­ ~~:::: minus BIOGENIC 

903,531.~__ 

465,621 

4,108 

815 

2,629 

1.743 

880 

957 

680 

783 

648 

209 

302 

229 

140 

95 

28 

27 

23 

12 

10 

8 

0.1 

13.124 

465 

19 

9 

27,954,4 

296,719 

25,702 

18,503 

15,341 

10,409 

7,461 

6,872 

4,495 

4,432 

3,732 

2,049 

1,657 

1,193 

905 

663 

152 

149 

125 

66 

48 

8 

0.3 

400,698 

103,979 

sector JGroupOeoo NOXtpy NOX lbe per day I~r GroupDesc I NoXtpyl NOX Ibs per day 

O~-Roa~: Gesoline yehldes 

Nonroed:piesel 

9f!:R_o.ad.. Dles~1 Vehlc!as. 

~.Nonroad' Commercial Manne Vessels 

. Industrial Point Sources (ecl~als + proJeclion) 

Nl?nroed: Gasoline 4-sl~a 

~,t\!9nroact Locomotl~ 

.f':I0nroed: AlI"craft & Aircraft Refueling 

~.~~genic Emissions_ 

~:N9nroad' Recreational Merine 

In~ustrial Fual Consumption 

~_AD Nonroad' LPG 

~~ Rasldentlel NG/OII Consumphon 

~.Commarcial/lnstitutlonal Fuel Consumption 

~.Open Burning' Agncultural 

Open Burning' Residential 

Nonroad: Gasoline 2-stroke 

MuniCipal (non·TV) Lendfilfs 

Nonroad' CNG 

__ ReSidential Wood CombustIOn 

PreSCribed Bumlng 

~.~~~:: Fires 

===TotaiS 

Totals minus BIOGENIC 

6,742.5 

8,033.4 

3,596.5 

3,885.7 

2,861.9 

1,556.6 

1,539.7 

1,425.5 

298.8 

1,947.1 

363.9 

825 9 

1,0973 

106.0 

1271 

733 

432 

45.6 

1,744.9 

972 

313 

0.8 

36,245.2 

44,490 

42,327 

24!~ 

21,292 

16,7~ 

10,248 

8,~37 

7,8!,! 

3,890 

2,934 

1,993 

1,803 

1,264 

1,123 

854 

687 

558 

237 

228 

~:D ~:~::::: ~:::,hne Vehicles 

ON-ROAD On-Roed: Diesel VehIcles 

AREA Open Burning: .Ag,!"lcullurel 

BIOGENIC ~ic Emis~ions 

POINT Industrial POint Sources (,dulIl. + pm"d,onl_ 

NONROAD Nonroad: Locomotive 

NONROAD Nonroad' Ga~line 4.str~ 

AREA Open Burnln~ldential 

AREA Industrial Fuel Consumption 

AREA ReSidential NG/Oil Consumption 

NONROAD Nonroado LPG 

NONROAD Nonroad: Racreatlonal Manne 

AREA Commercl8Vlnstrtutlonal Fuel Consumption 

NONROAD Nonroad: Gesoline 2·slroke . 

NONROAD Nonroad: CNG 

NON ROAD Nonroad' Aircraft & Atrcraft Refueling 

AREA Prescribed Bummg 

~._. Residential Wood Combustion 

AREA Structure Frres 

AREA WildfIres 

.~~~Totals 

r---- Totals minus BIOGENIC 

191,378.~~~ 

187,487 

2,279.B 

2,222.7 

1,0466 

344.2 

577.5 

512.6 

230.~ 

79.3 

3222 

735 

494 

218 

159.9 

15.8 

5.8 

3.2 

2157 

3799 

25 

3.8 

8,546,7 

13,239 

11,560 

7,343 

5,201 

3,803 

3,168 

2,809 

1.615 

430 

330 

277 

246 

214 

164 

126 

29 

18 

50,571 

46,768 

eotpy CO lba per day IDctor GroupDesc COtpy CO lba per day 

~~~:::: ~aasso~::e ::~:~:s NONROAD Nonroad' Recreational Manne 

Nonroad: Gasoline 2-stroke 

NONROAD Nonroad. Diesel ~~- -­ ~OAD Nonroad: A!fCraft & Alrcreft Refueling 

Open8umm.a.:...Ag~icuHural 

'pOINT _ In~ustnal Poim Sources (actuals) 

Open Bumlna.: ReSidential 

~~ROAD N~nroed: LPq, 

~:~::: ~:e! Vehicles 

~:~::: ~~~motlve 

~,Industnal Fuel Consumption 

Resident.al NG/OII Consumption 

Commercial/Institutional Fual Consumption 

Mumclpal (non-TV) Landfills 

Residentlel Wood Combustion 

Prescribed Burning 

~_ Structure FIres 

AREA WIldfires 

~Totats 

294,269.2 

127,031.9 

10,983.9 

14,200.1 

4,1905 

3,901.2 

692.9 

2,3641 

2,151.5 

1,990.2 

891.2 

309.3 

263.0 

2167 

6625 

495.2 

394.9 

382 

131,7273 

2,4668 

1,3393 

234 

600,603,2 

1,988,93B 

554,972 

107,84B 

106,586 

22,012 

21,376 

15.341 

13,028 

12,258 

9,8~ 

5,983 

1.695 

1.441 

1.077 

678 

482 

404 

209 

NON ROAD Nonroad: Gasoline 4-stroke 

~~ On-Road. Gasoline Vehicles 

AREA Open ~: Agrlculturel 

NONROAD Nonroad: Gasoline 2-slroke 

AREA Open Bumlng' ReSidential 

NONROAD Nonroad: Recreational Menne 

NONROAD Nonroad: Diesel 

NONROAD Nonroad: AIrcraft & Alrcreft Refueling 

~-ko ~~~:~~~. ~~~n~~~::~e~actuaIS) 

NONROAD Nonroad: LPG 

NONROAD Nonroad: Locomotive 

NONROAD Nonroad: CNG 

~_ Industrial Fuel Consumption 

AREA Resldemial NG/OII Consumptio..!!. 

AREA Commerc!aL'lnslitutio_nal Fuel Consumption 

AREA Resldemial Wood Combustion 

:~:~::~i~eusmlng 

AREA Wildfires 

.~~~Tot'IS 

2,864,167 c----­

49,1B2.9 

42,1849 

6.2238 

3,102.8 

1,5580 

B015 

1,098.7 

5860 

3295 

260.2 

272 2 

860 

281 

114.0 

1084 

57.9 

28,676.7 

5.4761 

106.2 

1074 

140,341,1 

343,740 

165,709 

140,948 

24,101 

9,214 

7,870 

5.719 

3.211 

1,813 

1,799 

1,349 

471 

139 

117 

106 

59 

706,364 

Adopted by the EQC 02/22/07 48