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ENGINE, EMISSIONS, AND VEHICLE RESEARCH DIVISION ISO 9001 CERTIFIED

FAX: (210) 522-3950 ISO 14001 Certified 

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS 

HOUSTON, TEXAS i WASHINGTON, DC 

June 15, 2009 

Brian H. West 

Fuels, Engines, and Emissions Research Center 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

NTRC Building 

2360 Cherahala Boulevard 

Knoxville, TN 37932 

Subject: Monthly Progress Report No. 8 for the Period May 1, through May 31, 2009; for the 

program, "Catalyst Screening and Durability for Intermediate Ethanol Blends," UTBattelle/Oak Ridge National Laboratory Subcontract No. 4000071456, SwRI Project 

03.14530. 

1.0 INTRODUCTION 

 The objective of this project is to help quantify emissions system durability of E15 and 

E20 on the US fleet. Specifically, this project will study the effects of ethanol blends on openloop stoichiometry and resulting catalyst and oxygen sensor temperatures. This project will also 

generate valuable data on vehicle emissions and performance. 

Vehicles selected for this study will include a wide range of manufacturers across several 

model years. Some of the vehicles that will be tested include vehicles that have been identified 

as having leaner and hotter operation on ethanol blends than on gasoline when in wide-open 

throttle (WOT) open-loop operation. Other vehicles will be tested because of their large 

numbers in the in-use vehicle fleet. New vehicles with unknown open-loop fuel control at WOT 

may also be selected. 

 In this project, SwRI will age vehicles and emission control systems operating on three 

levels of ethanol blended fuels (E10, E15, and E20) and compare emissions and vehicle 

performance to similar vehicles operating on the base gasoline (E0). Vehicle service 

accumulation and emissions testing are to be performed on multiple sets of matched vehicles. 

For each matched set, vehicles are to be aged and emissions tested on the four fuel blends (E0, 

E10, E15, and E20). Emissions testing will be performed at three added service accumulation 

levels: 0 miles (start of service accumulation), between 25,000 and 50,000 miles (mid service 

accumulation level), and at the end of the vehicle’s full-useful life (nominally 120,000 miles). 
Brian West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

June 15, 2009 

Page 2 of 4 

2.0 PROGRESS FOR THE PERIOD MAY 1-31, 2009 

2.1 Honda Accords, Chevrolet Silverados, and Nissan Altimas 

The Honda Accord vehicle set resumed its service accumulation on the SwRI Mileage 

Accumulation Dynamometers this reporting period. The Chevrolet Silverado vehicle set 

completed its service accumulation to 50,000 test miles. The Nissan Altimas were installed on 

the Mileage Accumulation Dynamometers as the Silverados were removed. Vehicle service 

accumulation for the Accords and the Altimas is expected to continue through the next reporting 

period. 

 Short- and long-term fuel trim data, along with lubricating oil change interval history to 

date, is given in Appendix A for the Honda Accord, Chevrolet Silverado, and Nissan Altima 

vehicle sets. Graphs of vehicle oil consumption are provided in Appendix B, and compression 

and leak down tests results are included in Appendix C. 

 The Chevrolet Silverado vehicle set is scheduled to begin 50,000 test mile WOT 

performance and emissions testing in June. The addition of mid-level (50,000 mile) WOT 

performance tests and additional WOT performance tests on vehicles ORCS10 and ORCS15 

using fuels E10 and E15, respectively, was requested by the Oak Ridge technical project monitor 

following discussions with CRC. No vehicle emissions tests were performed this reporting 

period. 

2.2 Ford Taurus’ 

 The Ford Taurus vehicle set continued its preparation for emissions testing and service 

accumulation this past reporting period. A Ford Taurus was fitted with an instrumented exhaust 

system spacer (described in the previous progress report), but it was discovered that there was 

insufficient clearance for the modified exhaust system when hard acceleration engine rocking 

was taken into account. SwRI has begun discussions with Oak Ridge and Ford Motor Company 

to investigate another exhaust system instrumentation approach. The resolution of this concern 

will continue into the next reporting period. With a quick resolution, the Ford Taurus vehicle set 

can be scheduled to begin zero-mile FTP emissions and WOT performance testing in late June. 

2.3 Vehicle Procurement 

Southwest Research Institute has located and purchased four matching 2007 Dodge 

Caravan minivans equipped with 3.3L V-6 engines for this project. These vehicles are expected 

to be received by SwRI the first week in June. 

2.4 Fuels 

 The eighth tanker truck of Top Tier regular unleaded gasoline was received by SwRI this 

reporting period. The fuel was checked prior to SwRI acceptance to ensure that the fuel did not 

contain ethanol. The fuel was accepted by SwRI and delivered to the RE0 mileage accumulation 

fuel storage tank. 
Brian West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

June 15, 2009 

Page 3 of 4 

 Additional batches of RE15 and RE20 durability fuels were blended. The analytical 

evaluations of the fuel samples from the tanker truck and the RE15 and RE20 fuels are given in 

Appendix D. 

2.5 Data Format and Archiving 

 Emissions test data stored in the vehicle emissions test system computer were reformatted 

and stored in project test folders. Each test conducted for this program has its own data folder. 

Federal Test Procedure (FTP) emissions test data, including laboratory alcohols and aldehydes 

emission data, as well as continuous exhaust system temperature, lambda, and vehicle on-board 

data is sorted and stored in each test folder. Data format and archiving activities will continue 

into the next reporting period. 

2.6 Project Review Meeting 

 A technical project review meeting has been scheduled for June 17, 2009, for Oak Ridge 

and CRC project committee members. SwRI will host the meeting in San Antonio, Texas. The 

meeting will cover the technical progress of the vehicle sets tested to date, and future program 

directions will be discussed. Topics to be covered will include the FTP emissions test results, the 

WOT performance test data, vehicle service accumulation, and fuel blending activities. Data 

format and data archiving development for future statistical analysis will also be discussed. 

3.0 WORK PLANNED FOR THE NEXT REPORTING PERIOD

 The Honda Accords will continue their vehicle service accumulation on RE0, RE10, 

RE15, and RE20 fuels. Vehicles ORHA0, ORHA15, and ORHA20 will continue their service 

accumulation to full-useful life. Vehicle ORHA10B will continue its service accumulation to 

50,000 test miles. An additional SwRI Mileage Accumulation Dynamometer will be dedicated 

to Oak Ridge and CRC for vehicle ORHA10B when it is ready to begin service accumulation to 

full-useful life (following emissions testing at 50,000 test miles). 

 The Silverado vehicle set will begin mid-level WOT performance and FTP emissions 

tests with emissions test fuels E0, E10, E15, and E20. The additional WOT performance tests 

requested are included. 

 The Nissan Altimas will continue service accumulation on the Mileage Accumulation 

Dynamometers. Altima vehicle service accumulation will continue through the next reporting 

period. 

 The Ford Taurus vehicle set will be instrumented for temperature and lambda 

measurement. Federal Test Procedure emissions and WOT performance testing will likely begin 

in late June. 

 

 The four 2007 Dodge Caravans will begin vehicle check-in and test preparation 

immediately following their receipt by SwRI. 
Brian West 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

June 15, 2009 

Page 4 of 4 

A technical project review meeting will be held on June 17, 2009. The meeting will 

include detailed project technical discussions and SwRI facility tours of ongoing project 

activities. 

4.0 CONCLUSION 

 If you have any questions regarding this project report, please contact Marty Heimrich at 

(210) 522-3022 or by e-mail at mheimrich@swri.org. 

Prepared by: Reviewed by: 

 

Martin J. Heimrich Jeff J. White 

Manager Director 

Department of Emissions Research Department of Emissions Research 

 and Development and Development 

/sat 

cc: Brent Shoffner, SwRI 

 Kevin Brunner, SwRI 

This report shall not be reproduced, except in full, without the written approval of Southwest Research Institute®. 

Results and discussion given in this report relate only to the test items described in this report. 
APPENDIX A 

SHORT- AND LONG-TERM FUEL TRIM MEASUREMENTS 

AND 

OIL CHANGE INTERVAL HISTORY 

Vehicle Sets

Honda Accord 

Chevrolet Silverado 

Nissan Altima 
Honda Accord

Long Term Fuel Trim

Date Odometer Test Fuel

31,686 Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.

After Zero Mile Emisions (E20 WOT) 1/20/2009 32,026 340 E20 3.9 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 5.4

Approx. 2,222 miles SRC w/E0 2/5/2009 34,248 2,562 E0 0.7 0.8

Oil Change 1 2/26/2009 38,603 6,917 E0 0.0 0.7 0.7 1.5 0.7 1.5

Oil Change 2 3/9/2009 45,947 14,261 E0 -6.2 -6.2 -6.2 -7.0 -6.2 -7.0

During mileage accumulation audit 3/12/2009 48,609 16,923 E0 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5

Oil Change 3 3/17/2009 53,291 21,605 E0 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 0.8 0.8

Oil Change 4 3/25/2009 60,516 28,830 E0 1.6 1.6 2.3 2.3 1.6 1.6

Oil Change 5 4/2/2009 68,222 36,536 E0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 0.8

Oil Change 6 4/9/2009 75,460 43,774 E0 3.9 4.6 3.9 3.9 2.3 3.9

Oil Change 7 5/4/2009 82,394 50,708 E0 -0.8 -1.6 -0.8 -1.6 -0.8 -1.6

Oil Change 8 5/11/2009 88,702 57,016 E0 -3.1 -3.1 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5

Oil Change 9 5/18/2009 95,096 63,410 E0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0

Oil Change 10 5/26/2009 101,884 70,198 E0 -1.5 -0.7 -1.5 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7

Oil Change 11 6/5/2009 108,609 76,923 E0 1.5 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Date Odometer Test Fuel

32,281 Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.

As-received (Initial) 4/6/2009 32,281 0 As-recd -15.6 -16.4 -15.6 -16.4 -14.8 -16.4

As-received after oil change 4/6/2009 32,281 0 As-recd -12.5 -12.5 -11.7 -12.5 -10.9 -10.9

Oil Change 1 5/12/2009 39,595 7,314 E10 -3.9 -3.9 -3.1 -3.1 -3.1 -3.1

Oil Change 2 5/21/2009 47,088 14,807 E10 -3.9 -3.1 -3.9 -3.9 -3.1 -3.1

Oil Change 3 5/29/2009 54,643 22,362 E10 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7

Oil Change 4 6/5/2009 61,943 29,662 E10 3.9 4.6 2.3 3.1 1.5 2.3

Date Odometer Test Fuel

31,369 Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.

After Zero Mile Emisions (E10 FTP-75) 2/16/2009 31,777 408 EO -17.8 -17.1 -17.9 -18.7 -16.4 -20.3

Oil Change 1 3/4/2009 39,220 7,851 E15 -3.9 -4.6 -3.9 -3.9 -3.9 -3.9

Oil Change 2 3/13/2009 47,111 15,742 E15 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6

Oil Change 3 3/23/2009 55,034 23,665 E15 0.7 1.5 0.7 1.5 1.5 1.5

Oil Change 4 3/1/3109 62,333 30,964 E15 4.7 4.7 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.3

Oil Change 5 4/8/2009 70,039 38,670 E15 7.0 7.0 6.2 7.0 7.0 7.0

Oil Change 6 4/15/2009 77,277 45,908 E15 8.8 10.1 8.5 9.3 8.5 9.3

Oil Change 7 5/11/2009 84,211 52,842 E15 3.9 3.9 3.1 3.9 3.1 3.9

Oil Change 8 5/21/2009 90,520 59151 E15 3.9 4.6 3.9 4.6 3.1 3.9

Oil Change 9 6/2/2009 96,913 65544 E15 3.9 4.6 3.9 4.6 3.9 4.6

Date Odometer Test Fuel

34,383 Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.

After Zero Mile Emisions (E10 FTP-75) 2/6/2009 34,842 459 E20 2.3 2.3 3.1 3.9 2.3 2.3

Oil Change 1 3/3/2009 41,556 7,173 E20 6.2 7.0 7.0 7.8 7.8 7.8

Oil Change 2 3/11/2009 48,726 14,343 E20 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 5.5

Oil Change 3 3/19/2009 56,199 21,816 E20 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5

Oil Change 4 2/27/2009 63,481 29,098 E20 4.7 5.5 5.5 4.7 5.5 4.7

Oil Change 5 4/4/2009 71,187 36,804 E20 6.2 7.0 6.2 6.2 6.2 7.0

Oil Change 6 4/11/2009 78,425 44,042 E20 10.9 11.7 10.1 10.1 10.9 10.9

Oil Change 7 5/5/2009 85,359 50,976 E20 3.1 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9

Oil Change 8 5/12/2009 91,667 57,284 E20 3.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.7 4.7

Oil Change 9 5/26/2009 98,061 63,678 E20 1.5 1.5 1.5 2.3 1.5 1.5

Oil Change 10 6/3/2009 104,855 70,472 E20 8.5 9.3 7.8 8.5 7.8 8.5

ORHA15

ORHA10B

ORHA0

ORHA20

Idle in Drive

Idle in Drive Idle in Park Idle in Drive

Idle in Drive Idle in Park Idle in Drive

Idle in Park

Idle in Drive Idle in Park Idle in Drive

Idle in Drive

A-1
2008 Nissan Altima

Long Term fuel Trim

Date Odometer Test Fuel

19,284 Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.

As Received 2/10/2009 19,264 As-recd As-recd -2.3 -2.3 -2.3 -2.3 -2.3 -2.3

Oil Change 1 5/26/2009 26,784 7,500 E0 -7.8 -7.8 -7.0 -7.0 -7.8 -7.8

Oil Change 2 6/6/2009 34,284 15,000 E0 -9.3 -9.3 -7.0 -7.0 -7.0 -7.0

Date Odometer Test Fuel

19,524 Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.

As-Received 2/10/2009 19,518 As-recd As-recd -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4

Oil Change 1 6/1/2009 27,024 7,500 E10 -0.7 -0.7 -1.5 -1.5 -0.7 -0.7

Date Odometer Test Fuel

Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.

As-Received 2/10/2009 9,935 As-recd As-recd -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4

Date Odometer Test Fuel

Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.

As-Received 2/10/2009 10,296 As-recd As-recd -8.5 -8.5 -8.5 -8.5 -8.5 -8.5

ORNA0

ORNA10

ORNA15

ORNA20

Idle in Drive

Idle in Drive

Idle in Drive

Idle in Park

Idle in Park

Idle in Park

Idle in Drive

Idle in Drive Idle in Park

Idle in Drive

Idle in Drive

Idle in Drive

A-2
 A- 3

Oil Change 3 4/27/2009 55,300 38,197 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.Chevrolet SilveradoLong Term Fuel Trim

27,606

Date Odometer Test

Miles Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max

As received 12/17/2008 27,606 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -3.0 -3.0 -3.0 -3.

After Emmisions 2/23/2009 27,819 213 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 -4.0 -4.0 -4.0 -4.Oil Change 1 3/30/2009 39,679 12,073 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.Oil Change 2 4/13/2009 52,669 25,063 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.Oil Change 3 4/27/2009 65,566 37,960 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.

14,350

Date Odometer Test

Miles Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max

As received 12/17/2008 14,319 1.0 1.0 -2.0 -2.0 0.0 0.0 -4.0 -4.After Emissions 2/23/2009 14,635 285 0.0 0.0 -1.0 -1.0 -2.0 -2.0 -3.0 -3.

Oil Change 1 3/27/2009 26,476 12,126 7.8 7.8 5.4 5.4 8.5 8.5 7.8 7.Oil Change 2 4/9/2009 39,466 25,116 1.6 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.7 -0.Oil Change 3 4/22/2009 52,363 38,013 0.0 0.0 -0.7 -0.7 3.1 3.1 3.9 3.

17,152

Date Odometer Test

Miles Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max

As received 12/17/2008 17,121 2.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 -2.0 -2.0 -2.0 -2.After Emissions 12/23/2009 17,396 244 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.

Oil Change 1 3/31/2009 29,410 12,258 10.1 10.1 12.5 12.5 11.7 11.7 12.5 12.Oil Change 2 4/13/2009 42,400 25,248 9.3 10.1 10.1 12.5 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.Oil Change 3 5/5/2009 55,297 38,145 7.8 7.8 8.6 8.6 7.8 7.8 8.6 8.

17,103

Date Odometer Test

Miles Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max

As received 12/17/2008 17,103 -3.0 -3.0 -1.0 -1.0 -7.0 -6.0 -6.0 -6.After emissions 2/25/2009 17,348 245 5.0 7.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.Oil Change 1 3/30/2009 29,413 12,310 11.7 11.7 9.4 9.4 11.7 11.7 9.4 9.Oil Change 2 4/13/2009 42,403 25,300 11.7 11.7 9.3 9.3 11.7 11.7 9.3 9.

Idle in Drive Idle in Park 

Left Bank Right Bank Left Bank Right Bank 

Idle in Drive

Idle in Park 

Right Bank Right Bank 

Right Bank

ORCS0

ORCS10ORCS15ORCS20

Left Bank

Idle in Drive

Left Bank 

Idle in Park

Left Bank Right Bank

Idle in Drive 

Left Bank 

Idle in Park

Left Bank Right Bank Left Bank Right Bank
APPENDIX B 

OIL CONSUMPTION HISTORY GRAPHS 

Vehicle Sets

Honda Accord 

Chevrolet Silverado 

Nissan Altima
2007 Honda Accord Oil Consumption

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000

Test Miles

Total Oil Consumption (lbs.) 

ORHA0 ORHA10 ORHA15 ORHA20 ORHA10B

Chevrolet Silverado Oil Consumption

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000

Test Miles

Total Oil Consumption (lbs.) 

ORCS0 ORCS10 ORCS15 ORCS20

B-1
B-2

Nissan Altima Oil Consumption

0

2

4

6

8

10

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000

Test Miles

Total Oil Consumption (lbs.) 

ORNA0 ORNA10 ORNA15 ORNA20
APPENDIX C 

COMPRESSION AND LEAK DOWN TEST RESULTS 

Vehicle Sets

Honda Accord 

Chevrolet Silverado 

Nissan Altima
 C- 1 Honda Accord Compression and Leak Down Checks Vehicle Number Date Odometer Cylinder 1 Cylinder 2 Cylinder 3 Cylinder 4 Cylinder 5 Cylinder 6 Cylinder 7 Cylinder 8 Cylinder 1 Cylinder 2 Cylinder 3 Cylind

4 

After Zero Mile Emissions ORHA0 1/20/2009 32026 200 205 201 201 4% 4% 4% 4After Zero Mile Emissions ORHA10B 4/29/2009 32505 180 182 180 180 5% 6% 6% 6After Zero Mile Emissions ORHA15 2/16/2009 31777 205 205 205 200 4% 6% 4% 4After Zero Mile Emissions ORHA20 2/6/2009 34842 180 185 180 180 4% 2% 4% 2After 50K Mile Emissions ORHA0 4/29/2009 81802 183 180 180 183 4% 5% 5% 5After 50K Mile Emissions ORHA10B After 50K Mile Emissions ORHA15 5/7/2009 81548 190 190 185 195 7% 8% 7% 7After 50K Mile Emissions ORHA20 4/29/2009 84626 175 175 175 175 5% 8% 8% 8After Zero Mile Emissions ORHA10 2/10/2009 25213 200 210 205 205 6% 6% 7% 6Chevrolet Silverado Compression and Leak Down Checks Vehicle Number Date Odometer Cylinder 1 Cylinder 2 Cylinder 3 Cylinder 4 Cylinder 5 Cylinder 6 Cylinder 7 Cylinder 8 Cylinder 1 Cylinder 2 Cylinder 3 Cylind

4 

After Zero Mile Emissions ORCS0 2/25/2009 27819 190 180 195 185 185 195 190 195 5% 4% 4% 5After Zero Mile Emissions ORCS10 2/26/2009 14635 185 190 190 185 195 185 195 190 5% 6% 7% 6After Zero Mile Emissions ORCS15 2/23/2009 17396 200 205 197 202 200 205 195 200 6% 5% 6% 6After Zero Mile Emissions ORCS20 2/25/2009 17348 190 188 190 185 190 195 190 190 5% 5% 5% 5Nissan AltimanCompression/Leak Down Checks

Vehicle Number Date Odometer

Cylinder 

1

Cylinder 

2

Cylinder 

3

Cylinder 

4

Cylinder 

5

Cylinder 

6

Cylinder 

7

Cylinder 

8

Cylinder 

1

Cylinder 

2

Cylinder 

3

Cylind

4

After Zero Mile Emissions ORNA0 4/20/2009 19492 180 185 185 185 8% 9% 8% 8After Zero Mile Emissions ORNA10 4/30/2009 19811 180 183 180 180 8% 8% 8% 8After Zero Mile Emissions ORNA15 4/30/2009 10172 180 185 180 185 7% 6% 6% 6After Zero Mile Emissions ORNA20 5/1/2009 10546 180 180 183 180 6% 6% 5% 6

Compression (PSI) Leak 

Compression (PSI) Leak 
APPENDIX D 

ANALYTICAL EVALUATIONS OF TEST FUELS 
RE0 RE0 RE0 RE15 RE20

GA/GB Code GA-6947 GA-6947 GA-6947 GB-6972 GB-6973

Analytical Date 4/22/2009 4/23/2009 5/5/2008 5/31/2009 5/31/2009

Tanker 6 Tanker 7 Tanker 8 Tank 143 Tank 146

PPRD 79468 PPRD 79518 PPRD 79867 PPRD 80464 PPRD 80465

SwRI SwRI SwRI SwRI SwRI

TEST METHOD UNITS

Existent Gums, mg/ 100 mL ASTM D381 mg/100ml

Unwashed WT First Run mg/100ml 35.0 32.0 15.5

Washed WT First Run mg/100ml 0.5 <0.5 <0.5

Unwashed WT Second Run mg/100ml 17.0

Washed WT Second Run mg/100ml <0.5

Distillation - IBP ASTM D86 °F 97 95 97

5% °F 121 122 124

10% °F 133 133 134

20% °F 150 150 150

30% °F 168 169 168

40% °F 193 193 190

50% °F 220 221 215

60% °F 250 250 242

70% °F 280 281 275

80% °F 312 313 310

90% °F 346 345 348

95% °F 368 367 370

Distillation - EP °F 410 416 413

Recovery vol % 98 98.2 98.2

Residue vol % 0.8 0.6 0.8

Loss vol % 1.2 1.2 1

DIPE ASTM D5599 Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

ETBE Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

EtOH Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 15.43% 19.93%

iBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

iPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

MeOH Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

MTBE Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

nBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

nPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

sBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

TAME Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

tBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

tPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Total Oxygen Weight WT% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 5.66% 7.28%

Gravity ASTM D4052 °API 57.3 57.2 58.3 56.7 56.20

Density ASTM D4052 kg/l 0.7494 0.7500 0.7455 0.7520 0.7537

Density @ 15C ASTM D4052 grams/L 749.1 749.7 745.2 751.6 753.4

Sulfur ASTM D5453 ppm 52.3 62.2 52.3

SwRI Fuel Code

Analysis Location

Oak Ridge Mileage Accumulation Fuels

Test Fuel Code

Vehicle Fuel Codes

Sample Source

D-1