Nancy RomanNASA executive Jerry Mock Pilot Marjorie Townsend Space flight manager Gay Maher Helicopter pilot Emily Howell Warner Airline pilot Sally Murphy Army pilot Jackie Parker Flight controller

Kathryn Sullivan, Shannon Lucid, Anna Fisher, Judy Resnik,Rhea Seddon, Sally Ride Astronauts

y Ride

ronaut

34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26

Phoebe OmlieDirector of National Air Marking ProgramLaura IngallsPilotLouise ThadenPilotWilla BrownCivil Air Patrol pilotPearl YoungNASA professionalHelen RicheyAeronautics instructor Nancy Harkness LoveDirector of WAFSAnn CarlWASP and Jet pilotCornelia FortWAFS pilotAnn CarterHelicopter pilot

Jackie CochranPilot and WASP director

16

171819202122232425

et Quimby

Georgia “Tiny” BroadwickParachutist

Katherine StinsonBarnstormer

Laura BromwellPilot

Bessie ColemanPilot

Ruth NicholsHydroplane pilot

Faye Gillis WellsPilot

Evelyn “Bobbi” TroutPilot

Mary RiddlePilot 

Anne Morrow LindberghGlider and aircraft pilot

Amelia EarhartPilot

Osa JohnsonAerial photographer and pilot

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

15

TECHNICAL WRITER

JENNIFER KWONG

SOFTWARE DESIGNER

NANCY DORIGHI

NETWORK ENGINEER

DORA LOPEZ MECHANICAL ENGINEER

APRILLE ERICSSON-JACKSON

MICROBIOLOGIST

DENETIA BELL ROBINSON

AVIATION ANTIQUE RESTORATION

JAN JOHNSON

AEROSPACE ENGINEER

NANCY R. HALL

IMAGE DESIGNER

TAHANI AMER

TECHNICIAN

Young Women of NASA Advisory Council and Women of NASA
er a 

ncourage young women to pursue

echnology. It also provides information

nts relating to past, present, and future

ns three primary elements:

rs of the Young Women of NASA’s

of NASA mentors: Commander Eileen

ist Yvonne Cagle. The council was

m, and the experiences of young

ntoring alliances and collaborations

 to pursue their dreams and establish

embers of the YWAC are featured on

YWAC. 

ples of outstanding contemporary

aerospace. Because these women repre

ny of them are featured on the Women

women. Through on-line “chats,” they

young people and help them gain

areers. 

can Women in Aerospace,” recognizes a

succeed in one or more facets of their

ted in chronological order based upon

ments. In the course of researching the

ditional women who have made valu

aerospace. 

Integrating “Consider a Career in Aerospace”Into Your CurriculumTo the EducatorAs students venture into the 21st century, they must be adept at working with technologyand communicating on-line. They should be informed about career choices and haveaccess to people who are working in areas of interest to them. This poster is designed tohelp you emphasize the importance of these skills and to provide you and your studentswith sources of information about careers in aerospace. The activities on this poster suggest numerous ways to integrate “Consider a Career inAerospace” into your classroom. They span multiple disciplines and grades 5–12. Theactivities are meant to be a springboard to launch your own imaginative lessons based onyour personal teaching style, methods of facilitation, and unique students.A number of NASA resources are provided for you throughout the text of this poster,including a section titled “Resources for Educators.” NASA’s Education Home Page athttp://education.nasa.gov is a good place to begin. Additional sites have been listed thatmay be helpful as your students work through the activities on this poster. The on-lineinteractive project sites offer learners the opportunity to communicate with NASA scientists and researchers. To learn more about interacting with women working in aerospaceat NASA, visit NASA’s Learning Technologies Project Quest athttp://quest.arc.nasa.gov/women/intro.html.Things to Do On-LineReal-time Web Chats at

http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/women/won-chat.html 

For information on “Chat etiquette” see http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/women/recruiting/chatdirections.html

Consider a Career in Aerospace”

1
make three lists of what they enjoy doing

at work, and (3) during their leisure time.

terests and should be helpful to them as

 career goals and objectives. The biogra

ml may help your students identify careers

ming chat with a woman of NASA who is

another exciting aerospace career field.

areer fields in which their special skills and

velop thoughtful questions related to edu

 Following the chat, ask your students to

ect their career planning.

 student or a group of students research

eduled chat. Again, they would prepare

questions during the chat. The students

er students on-line in addition to the fea

e your students reconvene and summarize

an. Were they satisfied with the answers? If

r questions? Was the chat forum the best

nvenient for you to use with your stu

er they have occurred and have the added

llow you to review the topics covered and

your students. For example, students

prepare a list of appropriate questions.

uss the chat and compare their questions

on patch site at

atches.html

to view some mission patches. Students can then research NASA missions—past, current,and future—by reading through “Women of NASA” profiles (http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/

women/intro.html) and other NASA on-line resources such as http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/

pao/History/humansp.html to generate ideas about the key elements that are represented oneach patch. Ask small groups of students to choose a mission that is of special interest tothem and define its objectives. They then should identify a mission team and design a mission patch. Who are the other “behind the scenes” integral team members not shown onthe patch? For example, the women shown in the photograph below each worked behindthe scenes in Mission Control at Johnson Space Center. How could you engage teachersand students in other classes (e.g., art, mathematics, technology) to develop a finishedpatch that could be displayed or worn? 

■ Encourage students to read the biographies of 

Tina Herrera, Jennifer Kwong, and Patricia S. Cowings, Ph.D., at http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/women/bios (indexed by the women’s initials). Have your students list five life skills each woman uses in her career and/or personal life. Ask your students to identify the life skills these women have in common with one another. Discuss why these life skills are important. Help your students identify their own life skills. Ask them to choose one or twoadditional life skills that would be important for them to attain. Have them formulate a plan to meet this objective. 

■ Have your students explore the on-line resources listed for the “Premiere American

Women in Aerospace” who are pictured on the perimeter of this poster. They can also findother sources, such as interviews with Eileen Collins, at http://www.rego.gov/interviews/collins.htm. Assign, or let each student choose, one or more women to research. See the “20Questions” activity on page 3.

■ Students will probably be interested in reading some of the “Young Women of NASA”

biographical profiles at http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/women/YWAC/. See the “Future Career”writing activity on page 3.

Consider a Career in Aerospace”

Linda Hamm (Flight Director), Eileen Hawley(Ascent Commentator), and Susan Still (Capcom)

2
the “Premiere American Women in

poster and/or library resources, have

One student begins with the state

yes/no questions about when this

 it was, whether there were other

man is identified.

NASA” or “Young Women of NASA”

ure career. Ask students to identify a

ant to consider are:

yable thing about your job?

students: “You have been selected to be

a biographical profile outlining your

 personal goals and accomplishments.”

aturing one another.

Consider a Career in Aerospace”

3

Poster Credits • This poster was produced at NASA Headquarters by Sonja Godeken, Anne Holbrook,

and Debbie Gallaway. Shelley Canright, Deborah Hale, and others too numerous tolist provided suggestions that were invaluable. 

• The NASA Headquarters Printing and Design Office did the layout and design of the

poster. Special thanks to Les Lien for his work on the poster and the design of the“100th Anniversary of Flight” logo. Look for this logo on upcoming NASA materialsthat will be designed to commemorate this special event.

• Tom Hathorn at Bellarmine Preparatory School in Tacoma,Washington, edited the

high school statistics activity.

The following people and organizations provided photographs and information that wereused on the “Consider a Career in Aerospace” poster: • National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution (photos #1–11, 13–19,

21–23, 25, 26, 28, 30–33, 35). Special thanks to Dorothy Cochrane, Kate Igoe, andChristine Kaske for their wealth of knowledge and help.

• NASA history and photo archive offices at Ames Research Center, Dryden Flight

Research Center, Goddard Space Flight Center, Headquarters, Johnson Space Center,and Langley Research Center (photos #20, 27, 29, 34, 36, 39–41). Special thanks toTed Huetter at Dryden Flight Research Center for his ideas and suggestions.

• Carolyn Russo, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution (photos

#43, 45, 47) from her book, Women and Flight, Bullfinch Press, 1997.

• Henry M. Holden for information about and from his books, in particular, Women in

Aviation Milestones & Achievements 1854–1998, Black Hawk Publishing Co., 1999.

• Federal Aviation Administration (photo #46).• U.S. Air Force (photo #42).• Civil Air Patrol for information from their “Chronology of Aerospace Events” posters.• Oregon Historical Society (photo #12, negative #CN013401).• The Woman’s Collection, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, Texas (photo #24).• Mary Feik (photo #44).• Mark Greenberg, Visions Photo (photo #37).• Ty Greenlees (photo #38). 
 1500 

speare 1570 

town settled 1604 

um balloon” tested 1709 

 experimented with kites 1752 French and Indian War 1753 American Revolutionary War 1775 

(Montgolfier Brothers) & First hydrogen balloon 1783 First balloon crossing of English Channel 1784 First balloon flight in United States 1793 First military use of balloons 1794 First parachute jump 1797 First woman balloon pilot 1798 War of 1812 1812 Invention of the steam locomotive 1813 Monroe Doctrine signed 1823 Erie Canal opened 1824 First demonstration of Morse’s telegraph 1844 First successful flight of a dirigible 1853 First U.S. airmail using balloons 1858 U.S. Civil War/First U.S. military use of balloons 1861 First U.S. military use of rockets 1862 First transcontinental railroad 1868 Beginning of U.S. Industrial Revolution & First complete telephone transmission 1876 First electrically powered dirigible 1884 Thomas Alva Edison’s first patent 1886 Otto Lilienthal conducted glider research & Henry Ford built his first car 1896 Spanish-American War 1897 First rigid-built dirigible (Zeppelin) 1900 First transatlantic radio signal 1901 Flight of the Wright Brothers’ Flyer 1903 First powered airplane flight in Europe 1906

s BC to 2000

1700 1800 1900

4
5 

rs 1916 

rld War I 1917 

ss the Atlantic 1918 

numbers themselves 1919 

en earned the right to vote 1920 

ed Nobel Prize & First 3-D movie 1922 

& Neon advertising signs widely utilized 1923 First round-the-world flight 1924 Kelly Act (Airmail) 1925 

eled rocket & First popular “talkie” movie The Jazz Singer 1926 

ts began on electronic color television & First car radio installed 1929 McNary-Watres Act (airline routes established) 1930 First modern airliner 1932 First electric typewriter 1934 Spanish Civil War begins 1936 Hindenburg disaster 1937 Biro brothers invented the ballpoint pen (Argentina) 1938 World War II begins 1939 Battle of Britain 1940 Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor 1941 First electronic digital computer built 1942 World War II ended 1945 U.S. began intercontinental ballistic missile research 1946 First supersonic flight 1947 Berlin Airlift 1948 Korean War & Regular color television transmission 1950 First flight of B-52 strategic bomber & Telephone area codes 1952 First flight of F-100 supersonic fighter 1953 First Mach 2 flight 1954 First Mach 3 flight 1956 Signals received from world’s first artificial satellite (Sputnik 1) 1957 First Boeing 707 & U.S. satellite (Explorer 1) & NASA established 1958

Activities:

e American Women in Aerospace” (border pic

 and record their names and accomplishments

cation. The research sites listed on this poster

eline will help you.

or example, by decade. What were the significant

men?

3. Research the leaders in government during the time period you selected.4. Research the clothing, art, literature, music, and dance for the “time.”5. Research the state-of-the-art technology in transportation, commerce,

communication.

5
ng on the Net:

round exact match data.

 (Apostrophes are not universally recognized.)

Get help. (All search engines have a Help section.)

Follow the information tree. (Click under search engine directory sites.)Try independent search tools. (for example, http://www.searchpad.com)

964 

flight 1965 

achine sold 1966 

ess phones used 1967 First C-5 flight 1968 

nt live photos from the Moon 1969 

orbit another planet, Mars (Mariner 9) 1971 

ned orbital workshop flights (Skylab 1 and 2) 1973 

pollo/Soyuz flight & Home computers marketed 1975 Concorde service begins 1976 Human-powered aircraft experiments 1977 First transcontinental balloon flight 1978 Voyager encounters Jupiter & First cellular phone network (Japan) 1979 Sony Walkman tape player 1980 First Space Shuttle flight (Columbia) & Laptop computer introduced 1981 First U.S. woman in space 1983 Camcorder invented 1984 Space Station Mir launched 1986 F-117 Stealth fighter 1987 Space probes Magellan and Galileo launched 1989 Hubble Space Telescope launched & Ulysses, Jupiter flyby orbiter, launched 1990 Persian Gulf War 1991 Clementine, Earth flyby orbiter, launched 1994 Major U.S. newspapers created national on-line news network 1995 Mars Pathfinder launched & Atlantis docks with Mir 1996 Mars Pathfinder lands on Mars & International Cassini space probe launched 1997 Lunar Prospector launched, The International Space Station agreement was signed, & Hubble Space Telescope sends image of planet outside of our system 1998 First comet sample return mission launched (Stardust) 1999 International Space Station assembly 2000+

2000

6
Activities

5–8

pe 

ace 

 of 

 

ont 

ze 

he 

 

ft?

s 

he 

ses 

top 

Statistics Activities—Grades 9–12Year Total Women Pilots Total—All Pilots1940 902 31,2641942 3,206 100,7871944 4,829 132,4351945 5,112 141,2801960 9,966 348,0621962 10,512 365,9711964 14,627 431,0411966 20,265 548,7571968 28,401 691,6951970 29,472 732,7291972 33,001 750,8691974 36,943 733,7281976 41,643 744,2461980 52,902 827,071Using graphing calculators and the data above, studentswill perform the activities below and answer the bulletedquestions: 1. Create a scatter plot for “Year vs. Total Women 

Pilots” and a separate scatter plot for “Year vs.Total—All Pilots.”

2. Find the models (also known as functions or 

regression equations) that best fit the data for eachscatter plot. Notice the equations of your models.Draw all “best fit” lines or curves going through yourscatter plots.

• What kind of correlation, if any, do you notice

between the scatter plots and the lines/curves? Note: The correlation coefficient will not be applicable to all models, most notably the quadratic. It is a good indicator of fitness for linear andexponential models.

3. Predict the number of “Total Women Pilots” and

“Total—All Pilots” for the years 1952, 1997, and2003, based upon your regression equations. 

• Assuming that your data are valid and that all 

computations are correct, how confident are you in your predictions? Why? (Hints: Consider thestrength of your model and whether you are extrapolating/interpolating to make your predictions. Are you equally confident in all predictions?)Note: Students will often respond that they haveconfidence because they “used a calculator” or theyare not confident because “the data could bewrong.” These are not appropriate responses forverifying confidence.

4. Do some research and find the numbers of pilots in

those years you predicted.

• Try to explain any similarities and/or differences

that you see between the predictions and the real data.

• Compare the regression equations/graphs for the

“Total Women Pilots” to the “Total—All Pilots”and try to explain any similarities and/or differences between the equations.

• Create a third column for the percentage of 

women pilots, and see how that model compares to your others. 

7
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Additional Sites for EducatorsNational StandardsNational Research Council Science Contenthttp://bob.nap.edu/readingroom/books/nses/html#contentNCTM Mathematics Content Standards http://standardse.nctm.org/1.0/89ces/Table_of_Contents.html National Geographyhttp://www.tapr.org/~ird/Nordick/Standards.html National Standards for Arts Education http://artsedge.kennedy-center.org/cs/design/standards Additional NASA-Related SitesNASA CONNECT Series http://edu.larc.nasa.gov/connect/NASA Jobs http://www.nasajobs.nasa.govNASA Headquarters News Releases http://www.nasa.gov/releases/1999/NASA Shuttle Missionshttp://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/missions.htmlNASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory Mission Status Reports http://www.jpl.nasa.gov NASA Technology Success Stories http://nctn.hq.nasa.gov/success/index.html NASA QUEST “WEBCASTS,” Interactive Events for Students http://quest.arc.nasa.govNASA Field Center Precollege Contacts http://education.nasa.gov/precoll.html 

NASA Educational Workshops for Teachers http://education.nasa.gov/newNASA Student Involvement Program http://education.nasa.gov/nsipNational Coalition for Aviation Education (NCAE) http://www.aviationeducation.org Take Our Daughters to Work http://iita.ivv.nasa.gov/happenings/event_2.html 

NASA Field Center Education Home PagesAmes Research Centerhttp://www.arc.nasa.gov/kids.htmlDryden Flight Research Centerhttp://www.dfrc.nasa.gov/trc/Glenn Research Center http://www.grc.nasa.gov/Doc/educatn.htmGoddard Space Flight Center http://education.gsfc.nasa.govJet Propulsion Laboratory http://eis.jpl.nasa.gov/eao/Johnson Space Flight Centerhttp://spaceflight.nasa.gov/outreach/index.htmlKennedy Space Centerhttp://www.pao.ksc.nasa.gov/kscpao/educate/educate.htmLangley Research Center http://edu.larc.nasa.govMarshall Space Flight Centerhttp://www1.msfc.nasa.gov/EDUCATION/index.htmlStennis Space Center http://wwwedu.ssc.nasa.gov/

Research Sites

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area.

y serve:

Regional Educator Resource Centers (RERCs) offer more

educators access to NASA educational materials. NASA hasformed partnerships with universities, museums, and other educational institutions to serve as RERCs in many states. A complete list of RERCs is available through CORE, or electronicallyvia NASA Spacelink at http://spacelink.nasa.gov/ercn/NASA’s Education Home Page serves as a cyber-gateway toinformation regarding educational programs and servicesoffered by NASA for the American education community. Thishigh-level directory of information provides specific details andpoints of contact for all of NASA’s educational efforts, FieldCenter offices, and points of presence within each state. Visitthis resource at the following address: http://education.nasa.govNASA Spacelink is one of NASA’s electronic resources specifically developed for the educational community. Spacelink is a“virtual library” in which local files and hundreds of NASAWorld Wide Web links are arranged in a manner familiar to

educators. Using the Spacelink search engine, educators cansearch this virtual library to find information regardless of itslocation within NASA. Special events, missions, and intriguingNASA web sites are featured in Spacelink’s “Hot Topics” and“Cool Picks” areas. Spacelink may be accessed at:http://spacelink.nasa.govNASA Spacelink is the official home to electronic versions ofNASA’s Educational Products. A complete listing of NASAEducational Products can be found at the following address:http://spacelink.nasa.gov/productsNASA Television (NTV) features Space Shuttle mission coverage, live special events, interactive educational live shows, electronic field trips, aviation and space news, and historical NASAfootage. Programming has a 3-hour block—Video (News) File,NASA Gallery, and Education File—beginning at noon Easternand repeated five more times throughout the day. Live feedspreempt regularly scheduled programming.NTV Weekday Programming Schedules (Eastern Times)Video File NASA Gallery Education File12–1 p.m. 1–2 p.m. 2–3 p.m.3–4 p.m. 4–5 p.m. 5–6p.m.6–7 p.m. 7–8 p.m. 8–9 p.m.9–10 p.m. 10–11 p.m. 11–12 p.m.Check the Internet for programs listings at:http://www.nasa.gov/ntvFor more information on NTV, contact:NASA TVNASA HeadquartersCode P-2Washington, DC 20546-0001Phone: (202) 358-3572

NASA Resources for Educators

NH, 

oratory

Center

D, TX

FL, GA, PR, VINASA Educator Resource CenterMail Code ERCNASA Kennedy Space CenterKennedy Space Center, FL 32899Phone: (321) 867-4090KY, NC, SC, VA, WVVirginia Air & Space CenterEducator Resource Center forNASA Langley Research Center600 Settlers Landing RoadHampton, VA 23669-4033Phone: (757) 727-0900 x 757AL, AR, IA, LA, MO,TNU.S. Space and Rocket CenterNASA Educator Resource Center for NASA Marshall Space Flight CenterOne Tranquility BaseHuntsville, AL 35758Phone: (256) 544-5812MSNASA Educator Resource CenterBuilding 1200NASA John C. Stennis Space CenterStennis Space Center, MS 39529-6000Phone: (228) 688-3338

NASA JPL Educator Resource CenterVillage at Indian Hill1460 East Holt Avenue, Suite 20NASA Jet Propulsion LaboratoryPomona, CA 91767Phone: (909) 397-4420AZ and Southern CA NASA Educator Resource Center forNASA Dryden Flight Research Center45108 N. 3rd Street EastLancaster, CA 93535Phone: (661) 948-7347VA and MD’s Eastern ShoresNASA Educator Resource CenterVisitor Center Building J-17GSFC/Wallops Flight FacilityWallops Island, VA 23337Phone: (757) 824-2298

EW-2000-02-132-HQ

Please take a moment to evaluate this product athttp://ehb2.gsfc.nasa.gov/edcats/educational_wallsheetYour evaluation and suggestions are vital to continuallyimproving NASA educational materials. Thank you.

9