Filed 10/28/14 In re Angelina C. CA2/2

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS

California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for 

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IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA

SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT

DIVISION TWO

In re ANGELINA C., a Person Coming 

Under the Juvenile Court Law.

 B253929

 (Los Angeles County

 Super. Ct. No. DK00288)

LOS ANGELES COUNTY 

DEPARTMENT OF CHILDREN AND 

FAMILY SERVICES,

Plaintiff and Respondent,

v.

JOSE C.,

Defendant and Appellant.

APPEAL from an order of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County. 

Marilyn Kading Martinez, Juvenile Court Referee. Affirmed.

Donna Balderston Kaiser, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for 

Defendant and Appellant.

John F. Krattli, County Counsel, Dawyn R. Harrison, Assistant County Counsel 

and Peter Ferrera, Deputy County Counsel, for Plaintiff and Respondent.

_________________________
2

Appellant Jose C. (father) appeals from the juvenile court’s jurisdictional findings 

regarding his daughter Angelina C. (Angelina) (born in 2005). Father contends the 

jurisdictional findings were based solely on objected-to written hearsay in violation of 

Welfare and Institutions Code section 3551and that his right to due process was violated. 

We disagree and affirm.

FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

Initial Referral

The Los Angeles County Department of Children and Family Services 

(department) became involved with this family on April 8, 2013, following an 

anonymous referral that Angelina was the victim of emotional and sexual abuse and 

general neglect by father.2 According to the referral, Angelina has been living with father 

in Bellflower, California for three years while her older brother Brian C. (Brian) lives in 

Yuma, Arizona with the children’s mother, Gloria C. (mother). The parents are married 

but have been separated for five years.

The reporting party stated that Angelina slept in the same bed as father, that they 

slept in their underwear while father’s penis was near her bottom, and that father bathed 

her. The reporting party once saw father lift Angelina off the ground while his pants 

were unzipped, and heard him tell Angelina she has “a butt like her mother.” The 

reporting party was also concerned about father’s anger. Father spanks Angelina on her 

bottom with both his hand and a belt, cursing at her, and telling her she is ugly. It was 

also reported that father harms and kills animals.

The department immediately interviewed Angelina and father, who both denied 

any wrongdoing. Father was willing to comply with the department’s recommendations, 

including sleeping on the couch until he could obtain a bunk bed for Angelina.

 

1 All statutory references are to the Welfare and Institutions Code unless otherwise 

indicated.

2

Father believes the referral was made by his former girlfriend, H.C. (H.).
3

The department contacted mother in Arizona, who reported that she was 15 years 

old when she married father with her mother’s permission. Father was 23 years old and 

was having sex at the same time with mother’s 13-year-old sister. Mother thinks father 

might be a pedophile.

Further Interviews

The department’s detention report detailed further interviews by the social worker.

H. has known father for three years and used to live with him and Angelina. 

Father has “intense anger outbursts about every three months.” H. has seen father “blow 

up” at Angelina, and he will not allow H. to intervene on Angelina’s behalf when he 

spanks the child with a belt. Father berates Angelina, calls her names, tells her that 

women are no good, and talks about his sexual encounters with women in front of 

Angelina. In addition to hitting Angelina, father has hit H., leaving bruises, then acting

as if it is horseplay. Father told H. that he knows how to hit her without leaving bruises. 

H. is afraid of father. Father once found a kitten and put it in a cage with a ferret, who 

would hurt the kitten. When the kitten scratched Angelina, father told Angelina to kick 

it. H. took the kitten to a friend’s house and father called the police, reporting that she 

stole his cat.

H. believes that father’s relationship with Angelina “bordered on being sexually 

provocative.” H. thinks father is a pedophile. She stated that father “will masturbate to 

anything” and told her that he “likes children who are just starting puberty.” He buys 

bras for Angelina, who is not physically developed. Father once got angry at H. when 

she told him he should not sleep in the same room as Angelina and a friend during a 

sleepover. Father told H. to leave the house, and she went to the girls’ parents and told 

them not to allow their daughter in father’s home. Father also got upset at H. when she 

told him not to let Angelina walk around nude in the home. Father sleeps in his 

underwear, and H. has seen father “spoon” Angelina in bed. H. has also seen father and 

Angelina watch provocative Japanese anime cartoons while wearing only their 

underwear. Father washes Angelina’s hair while she bathes. One time H. walked into 

the home unexpectedly and saw father pick up Angelina in the bedroom. H. asked him to 
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turn around and he refused; H. believed he had an erection or that his zipper was down.

She believes father isolates himself with Angelina, encouraging her to be dependent on 

him. H. thinks father is “grooming Angelina so that he can sexually exploit her.” At 

church, father likes to flirt with girls reaching puberty. H. heard father tell an 11-year-old 

autistic girl that she should have a boyfriend. H. warned the pastor about father.

Mother left father when she was 21. She was the victim of domestic violence by 

father during their marriage, stating “everything goes back to violence with him.” Father 

yells at their son Brian a lot. When Brian was an infant, father told mother he thought it 

would be “‘cool’’’ if Brian’s first sexual experience was with mother. Father also told 

mother he did not see anything wrong with a grown man being with a little girl, which is 

acceptable in other cultures. Father was in the military and was married before mother. 

There was domestic violence in that relationship as well.

Angelina reported that father disciplines her by verbal warnings and spanks her 

one to two times a year. He has spanked her with a belt on her bottom. She denied that 

father yells or curses at her; she is not afraid of father. Father kisses her on the cheek, not 

the lips. She likes it when he hugs her tight. She sleeps in her underwear or clothes and 

father sleeps in his underwear. They have their own blankets. Sometimes father hugs her 

until she falls asleep while she has her back to him. She sits on father’s lap while they 

watch television. She bathes herself, but father puts the conditioner on her hair. She 

denied that father sees her walking around the house naked.

Father admitted to being arrested 13 to 14 years ago for domestic violence against 

his first wife, Jessica C. (Jessica). He also described an incident with H., in which they 

were at the beach and she would not answer her cell phone when he called her from 

nearby. When he walked back to her, he spoke to her in a loud voice and bystanders

called the police, who told him to calm down. Father admitted cursing at H. in front of 

Angelina. He also admitted sleeping in the same bed as Angelina while wearing only his 

underwear.

Father obtained a bunk bed for Angelina. Following his initial interview, he no 

longer walked around in his underwear. When the social worker suggested that father 
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participate in therapy and parenting education, he declined and said he was willing to 

take his chances in court.

The Petition

On August 5, 2013, the department filed a petition on behalf of Angelina and 

Brian.3 As amended, the petition alleged under paragraph b-1: “Father . . . has a history 

and pattern of problems with anger management. Given this history and his pattern and

denial, Angelina is placed at risk of harm.” Under paragraph b-2, the petition alleged: 

“Angelina’s father . . . has a history of interest and sexual involvement with underage 

girls while he was an adult. And now, as a father, he has exercised poor judgment in 

failing to recognize appropriate boundaries between himself and his daughter such that 

Angelina is placed at risk of harm.”

Detention Hearing

Father and mother were both present at the detention hearing and were appointed 

counsel. The juvenile court declared father to be the presumed father, and ordered 

Angelina to remain with father and Brian to remain with mother, and that family 

maintenance services be provided.

Jurisdiction and Disposition Report

A dependency investigator (DI) conducted further interviews: 

Angelina stated that she liked living with father because he pays her attention and 

mother works all the time. She reported that father spanked her with a belt on her bottom 

and that he spanked her “really hard to teach [her] a lesson.” 

Mother reported that father lost his temper “really bad” when they were first 

married and neighbors called the police a couple of times. She stated that father “would 

just become violent all the time,” throw things, and mother would hide in the bathroom. 

Father would sometimes come to her work and yell at her, until her boss threatened to 

call father’s supervisor. Mother wanted father to get counseling, but he refused. The day 

they separated, father raped mother and she became pregnant with Angelina. Father’s 

 

3

The petition was later dismissed against Brian.
6

first wife Jessica told mother that father used to beat her and she had to be taken to the 

hospital. Father told mother that it was acceptable in other cultures for young girls to be 

sexually initiated by older men. Mother stated, “He’s really into sexual things, and he 

likes little girls or women who look like little girls. I’m pretty sure he does like little 

girls.” Mother expressed concern that father would think about Angelina in a sexual way. 

Father watched pornography while he and mother were living together, and Jessica told 

mother he watched pornography during their marriage as well. Mother said that father 

used to flirt with a female relative who was about 12 or 13 years old until her parents

stopped bringing her by the house. 

Father admitted leaving H. a voicemail after repeatedly asking her to return the 

cat in which he said, “I’m going to go after your family and your dogs if I have to.” He 

explained to the DI that he meant he would take legal action and denied that it was a 

threat. Father denied domestic violence with both mother and Jessica. Father admitted 

that some of the anime cartoons he watched with Angelina contained frontal nudity in 

bathhouses, but he did not see anything wrong with it because it was not sexual in nature.

Father kept pornographic videos on a high closet shelf and said he would be willing to get 

rid of them. Father admitted he had sexual relations with mother’s sister, but claimed 

that the sister was around 17 years old at the time. Father admitted that he had posted 

pictures of himself and Angelina on dating websites. Father does not believe in therapy 

and said he had no friends or support system. He often experiences memory loss.

H. reported that father has never seen his first son and does not spend much time 

with Brian, focusing instead on Angelina. H. stated that both Angelina and Brian know 

that father slept with mother’s sister, whom he talks about a lot.

Subsequent Information

When a new social worker assigned to the case contacted father, he repeatedly 

stated that he did not trust the department. The department subsequently reported that 

father remained uncooperative with and hostile toward the department, refusing to allow 

the department access to his home. The principal at Angelina’s school reported that 

during a back-to-school meeting when the teacher was making recommendations for 
7

healthy snacks, “father became upset and told the teacher that the school could not tell 

him what to feed his child.” Only one other parent out of 642 students reacted similarly 

to father.

The DI interviewed father’s brother, who stated that he respected father, but 

family members had a problem with father always wanting to hold and play with 

children.

Father had not taken Angelina to any medical or dental appointments in five years. 

Per the juvenile court’s order, he took her to the dentist; she had six cavities and needed a 

root canal.

Yuma Police Department Report

The department submitted a report by the Yuma Police Department, which stated 

that in 1998, father was arrested for domestic violence against his first wife Jessica. 

Father confirmed Jessica’s allegations to the police, telling the responding officer that 

they had argued about money, he “got mad” at her, “grabbed” her and pulled her out of 

bed, picked her up and tried to push her out of the apartment. Father stated he knew he 

had a bad temper, but he could only take so much. Jessica did not report the incident 

sooner because the Yuma police had been to their home before for domestic disturbance 

and she was afraid that their son would be taken away.

Jurisdiction and Disposition Hearing

The jurisdiction and disposition hearing was held on January 17, 2014. Prior to 

the hearing, father submitted written objections to hearsay statements made by H. in any 

reports. At the hearing, the juvenile court stated that the hearsay statements “will not and 

cannot be the sole basis for the jurisdictional decision.” Father’s attorney stated at the 

hearing that she also wanted to “include statements attributed to Jessica [C.] [in the Yuma 

Police Department report] in my [section] 355 objection at this time.” The court ruled 

that the report was “fully admitted.” Following closing argument, the court sustained the 

petition as amended. As to disposition, the court ordered that Angelina remain with 

father and that family maintenance services be provided, including individual therapy for 
8

Angelina and individual counseling for father to address anger management and setting 

appropriate boundaries. This appeal followed.

DISCUSSION

I. Hearsay and Substantial Evidence

Father contends the juvenile court violated section 355 by relying solely on the 

objected-to hearsay of H. and Jessica to support the jurisdictional findings under section 

300, subdivision (b).4

A. Section 355

Section 355, subdivision (b) provides that “A social study prepared by the 

petitioning agency, and hearsay evidence contained in it, is admissible and constitutes 

competent evidence upon which a finding of jurisdiction pursuant to Section 300 may be 

based, . . . .” However, if “any party to the jurisdictional hearing raises a timely objection 

to the admission of specific hearsay evidence contained in a social study, the specific 

hearsay evidence shall not be sufficient by itself to support a jurisdictional finding or any 

ultimate fact upon which a jurisdictional finding is based, unless the petitioner establishes 

one or more” enumerated exceptions: (A) The hearsay evidence would be admissible in 

any civil or criminal proceeding; (B) The hearsay declarant is under 12 years of age and 

is the subject of the jurisdictional hearing; (C) The hearsay declarant is a peace officer, 

health practitioner, social worker, or teacher; or (D) the hearsay declarant is available for 

cross-examination. (§ 355, subds. (c)(1)(A)–D).)

“Section 355 thus does not bar hearsay evidence at a jurisdictional hearing but, if a 

timely objection is made and no hearsay exception applies, the evidence must be 

corroborated.” (In re R.R. (2010) 187 Cal.App.4th 1264, 1280.) “Corroborating 

evidence is evidence which supports a logical and reasonable inference that the act 

described in the hearsay statement occurred. [Citation.] The quantum of corroboration 

 

4

Section 300, subdivision (b) provides in part that a child comes within the 

jurisdiction of the court if “[t]he child has suffered, or there is a substantial risk that the 

child will suffer, serious physical harm or illness, as a result of the failure or inability of 

his or her parent or guardian to adequately supervise or protect the child, . . . .”
9

necessary to support a jurisdictional finding is ‘somewhat analogous to the rule in 

criminal law requiring independent corroborative proof of accomplice testimony,’ that is, 

direct or circumstantial evidence, even if slight, is sufficient if it tends to connect the 

accused with the act.” (Id. at pp. 1280–1281.)

B. Anger Management Finding

In sustaining paragraph b-1 of the amended petition, the juvenile court made the 

finding that father “has a history and pattern of problems with anger management,”

which, along with his denial of such, places Angelina at risk of harm. Father’s argument

that the juvenile court erred by relying solely on Jessica’s hearsay statements about 

domestic violence in the Yuma Police Department report to support this finding is

without merit.

First, the record does not indicate that the juvenile court relied solely on Jessica’s 

statements. Indeed, the court specifically stated that it could not rely entirely on these 

statements. Second, the statements were corroborated. As stated in the report, father, 

himself, told the responding officer that he and Jessica had argued about money, father 

“got mad” at her, “grabbed” her and “pulled” her out of bed, picked her up and tried to 

push her out of the apartment. Father also stated that he knew he had a bad temper, but 

he could only take so much. Father also told the department’s social worker that he had 

been arrested for domestic violence against Jessica, though he later implausibly denied it. 

“Evidence from a single witness, even a party, can be sufficient to support the trial 

court’s findings.” (In re Alexis E. (2009) 171 Cal.App.4th 438, 451.)

In any event, the record contains additional substantial evidence to support the 

court’s jurisdictional finding in paragraph b-1 that father has a history and pattern of 

problems with anger management. Mother told the department’s social worker that she 

was the victim of domestic violence by father during their marriage. She told the DI that 

father lost his temper “really bad” when they were married and neighbors called the 

police more than once. Mother stated that father “would just become violent all the 

time.” Mother also reported that Jessica stated to her that father used to beat Jessica up to 
10

the point of having to be taken to the hospital. Father raped mother when she was leaving 

him, resulting in her becoming pregnant with Angelina.

H. reported that father has angry outbursts every few months and she has seen him 

“blow up” at Angelina, berate her and call her names. He has spanked Angelina with a 

belt on her bottom and will not let H. intervene. Father has also hit H., then acts as if it is 

horseplay. H. reported being afraid of father. 

Angelina confirmed that father spanked her on her bottom with a belt. She also 

reported that he spanked her “really hard” to teach her a lesson.

Father’s own admissions demonstrated his ongoing anger issues. He described the 

incident with H. in which he yelled at her at the beach for not answering her cell phone 

when he called and the police told him to calm down. He admitted leaving H. a 

voicemail in which he threatened to go after her family and her dogs for taking his kitten. 

He also admitted cursing at H. in front of Angelina. Additionally, the department 

reported that father demonstrated hostility toward the newest social worker assigned to 

the case. And the principal of Angelina’s school reported that father became upset when 

Angelina’s teacher talked about proper nutrition.

The juvenile court properly found that father’s anger management issues placed 

Angelina at risk of serious physical harm.

C. Inappropriate Boundaries Finding

In sustaining paragraph b-2 of the amended petition, the juvenile court made the 

finding that father “has a history of interest and sexual involvement with underage girls 

while he was an adult” and that “now, as a father, he has exercised poor judgment in 

failing to recognize appropriate boundaries between himself and his daughter such that 

Angelina is placed at risk of harm.” Father’s argument that the juvenile court erred in 

relying solely on H.’s objected-to hearsay to support this finding is without merit.

H.’s statements in the department’s reports were corroborated. H. stated that 

father’s and Angelina’s relationship bordered on being sexually provocative. Both father 

and Angelina confirmed that they slept in the same bed wearing only underwear. H.

reported seeing father “spoon[ing]” Angelina. Angelina confirmed that father hugged her 
11

almost every night until she fell asleep and that her back was to father when he hugged 

her. Angelina also confirmed H.’s statement that Angelina sat on father’s lap while 

watching television. H. reported that father and Angelina watched sexually provocative 

cartoons together. Father confirmed that some of the cartoons contained frontal nudity in 

bathhouses. H. also reported that father told her he likes children who are just starting 

puberty, and that father flirted with a young autistic girl at church. Given the young ages 

of mother and the maternal aunt when father was sexually involved with them (which he 

does not deny), this hearsay statement was corroborated. H. thought father might be a 

pedophile. Mother also reported she believed father was a pedophile.

Again, the record contains additional substantial evidence that father has a history 

of interest and sexual involvement with underage girls and that he has exercised poor 

judgment in failing to set appropriate boundaries between himself and Angelina. Mother 

reported that father told her he did not see anything wrong with a grown man being with 

a little girl or sexually initiating her. Mother reported that father used to flirt with his 12 

or 13-year-old relative until they stopped coming by the house. Mother also reported that 

father watched pornographic videos while they were married. Father admitted that he 

kept pornographic videos in the home he shared with Angelina. Mother reported being

concerned that father had sexual thoughts about Angelina. And the paternal uncle 

reported that some members of father’s family had a problem with father always wanting 

to hold and play with children. 

That father had modified some of his conduct prior to the jurisdiction and 

disposition hearing, such as getting a separate bed for Angelina and not walking around 

the house in his underwear, did not mean the juvenile court had to ignore father’s long 

history of prurient and bizarre behavior with respect to young girls. The court could 

reasonably conclude that the changes father had made since the filing of the dependency 

petition were merely the result of the court’s and the department’s involvement and did 

not demonstrate that father had truly changed his nature. The juvenile court properly 

found that Angelina remained at risk of serious physical harm and required the 

supervision of the court.
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II. Dental Neglect

Finally, father argues that the juvenile court violated his right to due process by 

making a factual finding of dental neglect when no such allegation was pled in the 

petition. But the juvenile court did not make a factual or jurisdictional finding of dental 

neglect. The court stated: “I don’t know where the neglect and the dental decay comes 

in because I’m not sustaining neglect, but this clearly requires court supervision because 

it wasn’t until the court became involved that Angelina was finally taken to a dentist, and 

her dental decay was so bad, being eight years old, she required [a] root canal.” Father’s 

argument is therefore without merit.

DISPOSITION

The juvenile court’s jurisdiction and disposition order is affirmed.

NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS.

__________________________, Acting P. J.

ASHMANN-GERST

We concur:

_____________________________,J.

CHAVEZ

____________________________, J.

HOFFSTADT