NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 244

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

Volume 244

BOREAS TGB-12 Soil Carbon Data

over the NSA

Susan Trumbore, University of California, Irvine

Jennifer Harden, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California

Eric Sundquist and Greg Winston, U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010022907 2018-05-15T01:09:00+00:00Z
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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 244

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

Volume 244

BOREAS TGB-12 Soil Carbon Data

over the NSA

Susan Trumbore, University of California, Irvine

Jennifer Harden, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California

Eric Sundquist and Greg Winston, U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS TGB-12 Soil Carbon Data over the NSA

Susan Trumbore, Jennifer Harden, Eric Sundquist, Greg Winston

Summary

The BOREAS TGB- 12 team made measurements of soil carbon inventories, carbon concentration in

soil gases, and rates of soil respiration at several sites to estimate the rates of carbon accumulation and

turnover in each of the major vegetation types. TGB-12 data sets include soil properties at tower and

selected auxiliary sites in the BOREAS NSA and data on the seasonal variations in the radiocarbon

content of CO2 in the soil atmosphere at NSA tower sites. The sampling strategies for soils were

designed to take advantage of local fire chronosequences, so that the accumulation of C in areas of

moss regrowth could be determined. These data are used to calculate the inventory of C and N in moss

and mineral soil layers at NSA sites and to determine the rates of input and turnover (using both

accumulation since the last stand-killing fire and radiocarbon data). This data set includes physical

parameters needed to determine carbon and nitrogen inventory in soils. The data were collected

discontinuously from August 1993 to July 1996. The data are stored in tabular ASCII files.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TGB-12 Soil Carbon Data over the NSA

1.2 Data Set Introduction

The data presented here include physical parameters needed to determine carbon and nitrogen

inventory in soils (bulk density, %C (both as organic C and CaCO3), %N, C/N ratio in organic matter)

as well as 14C measurements of organic matter. Soil moisture data (good only for the day of collection)

and brief descriptions of soil horizons are also included.

Page 1
1.3 Objective/Purpose

Theobjectivesof theresearchwere:

• To estimateratesof carboninput,turnover,andaccumulationin thesoilsof eachof themajor

vegetationtypesattheBORealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy(BOREAS)studysites.The

primarytool will bemeasuresof 14Ccontentin soils,litter, andsoil atmospheres,and

measurementsof CO2emissionsfrom thesoil.

• To relateourestimatesof dynamicsof soil carbonto ecosystemmodelsof thecarboncycle,to

othermeasuresof C cyclingdynamics,toregionalmodelsof soil carbonaccumulation,andto

spatialandtemporalmodelsof soilmoistureanddrainage.

1.4 Summary of Parameters

Thekeyparametersincludebriefdescriptionof thesample/horizon(e.g.,browndecomposed

moss,clay),soil pH, soilmoisture,bulk density,organiccarbonandnitrogencontent,inorganic

carboncontent,andradiocarbon(14C) content.

1.5 Discussion

Carboninventoriesand14Cgiveinformationthatis neededto determineC storage,aswell asto

determinetheaccumulationrateof C (innonsteady-statesystems)ortheturnoverrateof C (in systems

whereC turnoverrateis lessthansoil ordisturbanceage).Thesedataarecheckedusingtheisotopic

compositionofrespiredCO2(whichwill reflectthe14Ccontentofrootrespirationanddecomposing

organicmatter),andby aknowledgeof soil C inputsandlosses.SeeSection3 (below)for details.

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREASTE-20NSA SoilLabData

BOREAS

BOREAS

BOREAS

BOREAS

BOREAS

BOREAS

BOREAS

TE-20SoilsDataovertheNSA-MSA andTowerSitesin RasterFormat

TGB-01Soil CH4andCO2ProfileDataovertheNSA

TGB-03Soil CO2andCH4ProfileDataovertheNSA

TGB-12222RnActivity DataovertheNSA

TGB-12222RnFluxDataovertheNSA

TGB-12Soil CarbonandFluxDataof NSA-MSAin RasterFormat

TGB-12IsotopicCarbonDioxideDataovertheNSA

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

Susan Trumbore

Department of Earth System Science

UC Irvine

Jennifer Harden

U.S. Geological Survey

Menlo Park, CA

Eric Sundquist

U.S. Geological Survey

Woods Hole, MA

2.2 Title of Investigation

Input, Accumulation and Turnover of Carbon in Boreal Forest Soils

Page 2
2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Susan Trumbore

Earth System Science

University of California Irvine

Irvine, CA 92717-3100

Contact 2:

Jennifer Harden

U.S. Geological Survey

Mail Stop 975

345 Middlefield Road

Menlo Park, CA 94025

(650) 329-4949

(650) 329-4936 (fax)

harden@usgs.gov

Contact 3:

Eric Sundquist

U.S. Geological Survey

Quissett Campus

Woods Hole, MA 02543

(508) 457-2397

sundquist@nobska.wr.usgs.gov

Contact 4:

Greg Winston

U.S. Geological Survey

Quissett Campus

Woods Hole, MA 02543

(508) 457-2397

Contact 5:

Jeffrey A. Newcomer

Raytheon ITSS

Code 923

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-7858

(301) 286-0239 (fax)

Jeffrey.Newcomer@ gsfc.nasa.gov

3. Theory of Measurements

Soil moisture and soil C and N inventory are relatively common and straightforward measurements to

make and will not be discussed in detail here.

14C is produced in the stratosphere by the 14N (n,p) 14C reaction. The 14C atom is oxidized

rapidly to 14CO, which has a lifetime of months before it is oxidized to 14CO2. Most 14C production

occurs in the stratosphere, but the long lifetime of CO2 enables 14CO2 to become well mixed

throughout the troposphere. The steady-state 14C content of the atmosphere is determined by the

exchange of carbon in CO2 with that in ocean and biospheric reservoirs. Because of the relatively rapid

Page 3
cyclingof carbonbetweentheatmosphereandliving biomass,mostplantsmaintaina 14Cspecific

activity(or 14C/12C ratiocorrectedfor mass-dependent isotopefractionationeffects)thatequalsthatof

atmosphericCO2.Similarly,animalsreflectthe14C/12Cof theplants(oranimals)theyconsume.

Uponthedeathof anorganism,the14Cin its tissuesis nolongerreplenished,anddecayswith ahalf

life of 5730years.If thetissueremainsintactandisolatedfromexchange,the14C/12Cratiomaybe

usedto indicatethetime sincethedeathof theorganism.Thisisthebasisfor radiocarbondating.

Calculationof aradiocarbonagerequirestheassumptionthatthe14Ccontentof thecarbon

originallyfixedin planttissuesequaledthatof theatmosphericCO2in 1950(0.95timestheactivity of

oxalicacid,or Modern).In fact,the14Ccontentof theatmospherehasvariedwith timebecauseof

changesin theproductionrateof 14C(cosmicrayflux andmagneticfield variations)andbecauseof

changesin thedistributionof carbonamongocean,biosphere,andatmosphericreservoirs.These

variations,deducedfrom the14Ccontentof celluloseof knownagetakenfrom theannualgrowth

tingsof trees,aregenerallylessthan10%overthepast7,000years.Morerecentchangesin the14C

contentof atmosphericCO2haveresultedfrom dilutionby 14C-freefossil-fuel-derivedcarbonandby

theproductionof 14Cduringatmospherictestingof thermonuclearweapons(bomb14C).Thelatter

effectdominatesothernaturalandfossilfueleffects,astheatmosphericburdenof 14Cwas

approximatelydoubledin thefew yearsprecedingtheimplementationof theNuclearTestBanTreaty

in 1964.Thisisotopicspikein theglobalcarbonsystemprovidesameansforradiocarbonto bea

usefultracerof carboncycleprocessesontime scalesof decades.

We express14Cdatain thegeochemicalD notation,thedeviationinpartsperthousand(perrail)

from anabsolutestandard(95timestheactivityof NBSoxalicacidmeasuredin 1950).In this

notation,zeroequalsthe14Ccontentof 1895wood,positivevaluesindicatethepresenceof 'bomb'

radiocarbon,andnegativevaluesindicatethepredominanceof Cfixedfrom theatmospheremorethan

severalhundredyearsago.

OneimportantcorrectionmadeincalculatingtheD 14Cvalueis the13Cconcentrationisneededto

accountforisotopicfractionationeffects.Forexample,considerthatthed 14Cdifferencebetween

atmosphericCO2andcarbonfixed duringphotosynthesisby C3plantsis approximately20.Sincethe

massdifferencebetween12and14is twicethatbetween12and13,thefractionationof 14Cwill be

roughlytwicethatof 13C.The 14Ccontentsof atreeandtheCO2thatit is fixing through

photosynthesiswill differby approximately40%.To accountforfractionationeffects,thesample

(with d 13Cof d) andstandardarecorrectedto aconstant13C content.Thestandardoxalicacidis

correctedin thesameway,to -19perrail (seereferencesin Section17for moredetail).

For seedsanddeciduousleavesthatrepresenta singleyear'sgrowth,the14Ccontentof recent

samplesmaybeusedto determinetheageof a sampleto within ayearor two.The14Ccontentof the

sampleis comparedto the14Crecordof atmosphericC in theNorthernHemisphere(seeBurcholadze

referencein Section17for anexample).Evergreenneedles,thatmayaverageseveralyears'growth,

will belesseasilyinterpreted.

Forsamplesprior to 1960,radiocarbonagesin yearsmaybecalculatedfromthegivenDeltavalues

as-8033*(in(Delta*.995/1000+1)). Theconventionalradiocarbonagemustbeconvertedto a

calibratedageusingthetree-ring-basedcalibrationcurvesthatcorrectfor knownvariationsin

atmospheric14Covertime.Bothagesareusuallyroundedto thenearestdecadeor pentad.

Oneapplicationofradiocarbonto soilscienceis the14Cdatingof charcoalandplantmacrofossils

to determinetheaccumulationrateof Cin verticallyaggradingsoils(peatormoss).

Unliketheclosedsystemsrepresentedby intactmacrofossils,suchasseedsorpollen,bulkSoil

OrganicMatter(SOM)is aheterogeneousreservoirwith avarietyof turnovertimes,to whichcarbonis

continuouslyadded(asnewplantmatter)andlost(asleachedorganiccarbonorCO2).The

radiocarboncontentofSOMcannotbeinterpretedasa'date,'butrepresentstheaverageageof a

carbonatomin thisreservoir.

Thebreakdownof C intofasterandslowercyclingpoolsmaybedeterminedbycombiningseveral

approaches(seethearticlesin thereferencelist for moreinformation).

For soilsthatareaccumulatingorganicmatter,theHardenet al.(1992)approachis used.The

Page4
upwardaccumulationof carbonin feathermossis modeledasatime sequencedescribedby inputsand

decompositionaccordingto thefollowing equation:

dC/dt= I- kC (1)

Ct = I/k*(1- exp-k*t) (2)

whereC is carbonmassin unitsof massperarea,t istime, I is inputratein massperareaper year,

andk is adecompositioncoefficientin unitsof time-1.This approachassumesthatdecompositionis

proportionalto totalmass.

Two approacheswereused:

• MeasuringthedC/dtfor mossesin standsof differentagesof recoverysincefire andfitting a

curveof C andtimewith equation(2).At eachidentifiedpostburnsite,transectswere

conductedacrossavarietyof soildrainageclassesto collectsamplesfor inventoriesof

biomass(treesandunderstory),accumulatingslash,moss,andsoil.

• Using 14Cto determinetimeto constructacurveof cumulativeC inventoryversustimeata

singlesite(to whichequation(2)is fit andI andk determined).In mosslayers,weusethe

bomb-14Csignalrecordedin growingmosses(particularlySphagnum);in humicandmineral

soillayers,weusestandardradiocarbon'age'calculations.Thisapproachassumesthattime

information,derivedfrom macrofossilspickedfrom thesoil or mosssample,is representative

of C dynamicsfor thebulk sample(notparticularlytruefor feathermosses).

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

Shovel, eyes, and sample bags. Lab Equipment - Carlo Erba NA1500 carbon and nitrogen

combustion analyzer; vacuum lines for purification of CO2 from combusted samples and graphite

target preparation. Accelerator mass spectrometer (AMS) used for 14C measurement is described in

Southon et al. (1992) and Trumbore (1993).

4.1.1 Collection Environment

Samples were collected under all environmental conditions.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

Ground.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

None given.

4.1.4 Key Variables

Soil temperature, sample depth, air temperature, site descriptions, de113 C, del 14C, CO2

concentration, pH of the soil, volumetric and gravimetric soil, bulk density, and organic C and N.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

None given.

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

None given.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

None given.

4.2 Calibration

Page 5
4.2.1 Specifications

Nonegiven.

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

Nonegiven.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

None given.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

None given.

5. Data Acquisition Methods

Special pits were equipped with thermistors (for monitoring soil temperature), Time Domain

Reflectometry (TDR) probes (for monitoring soil water content), and soil gas probes (1/8" stainless

steel tubing, perforated at one end and inserted 50 to 100 cm laterally into the soil pit wall, capped with

1/8" swagelock union fittings sealed with a septum). Further details are given in Winston et al. (1997),

and in Section 4, below.

Gas samples were obtained using gas-tight syringes, <10 cc for soil CO2 (made using a LI-COR

and the method of Davidson and Trumbore (1995) and CIq< measurements (made by flame ionization

detector gas chromatography). Soil samples are sieved (to <2 ram) to remove rocks and large roots.

We have quantified how much of this material was removed, and estimated the amount of C and N

contained in the larger fractions. We report bulk density or carbon inventory data of the <2 mm

fraction, then add the >2 mm portion back in to determine total bulk density and C inventory. In clay

soils, this is a less important correction than in the sandy, gravelly soils (an example of where these

data are needed is in the very gravelly soils found at the Northern Study Area (NSA) Young Jack Pine

(YJP) site). The samples are then homogenized, split, and in some cases ground to <100 mesh for

chemical analyses.

Laboratory measurements are described below:

Bulk density

Bulk density is measured by determining the oven dry weight of a specific volume of soil. Field

sampling utilized a 'box' of known area for collection of organic samples in upper soil horizons (such

as mosses and litter layers). The area sampled was generally 12 cmx 12 cm. Samples of generally less

than 7 cm depth were taken. Note that the depths are not as well determined as the area, therefore

areally expressed data (gC/cm2) should be used in these layers with more confidence than the bulk

density data.

In deeper soil layers, the bulk density data were measured using several small cores (roughly 3.5

cm diameter by 5 cm in length) that were pushed into the pit wall.

%N, %C and %CaCO3

These measurements were performed with a commercial combustion analyzer (Carlo Erba

NA1500). This instrument flash-combusts organic matter, oxides all C to CO2 and reduces all N to

N2, then separates these gases chromatographically, and detects them with a thermal conductivity

detector. The detector response for C and N is determined by combusting known quantities of C and

N-containing pure compounds. Combusting empty capsules determine blanks, due to the presence of

small amounts of C in the tin boats used to hold the sample (for C) or to small amounts of residual air

(for N2). The combustion analyzer will oxidize both organic carbon and inorganic carbonates to CO2.

The Lake Agassiz clays underlying many of the soils in the NSA contain significant amounts of

inorganic CaCO3. To determine both CaCO3 and organic C content, each sample is analyzed twice:

once for total carbon and once after it has been acidified to remove calcium carbonate. The %CaCO3 is

Page 6
thentheTotal%Cminusthe%Cdueto organics.Uncertaintiesarestill beinginvestigatedforthis

equipmentin theIrvine laboratory,butin general%Cvaluesarereproducibleto +/- 0.05%C(organic)

and %N.

14C

Carbon-14is measuredby acceleratormassspectrometryof graphitetargetspreparedfrom CO2

(see one of several references, including Trumbore, 1995). Samples (of 1-2 mg carbon equivalent) are

combusted in vacuum in quartz tubes with cupric oxide wire at 900 °C. The resulting CO2 is purified

cryogenically, then reduced to graphite coating cobalt powder in a sealed Pyrex tube at 500-550 °C

with zinc and titanium hydride powder. AMS measurements were made at the Lawrence Livermore

National Laboratory Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry. One sigma precision is usually +/-

8-10 per rail (0.8-1.0 % Modem), and overall accuracy (based on repeated measurements of

substandards prepared in the same way as samples) is 1.0-1.5% of Modem (10-15 per rail). We have

noted what was measured for 14C, as specific fractions of the organic C are measured; these fractions

include macrofossils (sphagnum leaves, fine root hairs, deciduous leaves, or charcoal), and chemically

treated samples (residue after treatment with 0.5 N HC1).

6. Observations

6.1 Data Notes

The table below lists soil classification (by order, subgroup, and soil type) of soil pits in this

study. This information enables the user to spatially link soils data from this study to the TE-20 Soils

Data over the NSA-MSA and Tower Sites in Raster Format and TGB-12 Soil Carbon and Flux Data of

NSA-MSA in Raster Format. See TE-20 soils data documentation, TE-20 Soils Report, and Soil

Classification Working Group (1998) for detailed description of soil classification.

Soil Pit Order Sub-group Soil Type

Fencl ORGANIC TYF FCD

Fentl ORGANIC TYF FEN

Fent2 ORGANIC TYF FEN

Fent3 ORGANIC TYF FEN

FFI LUVISOLIC OGL SWK

FFJII LUVISOLIC OGL WBW

FFJI2 GLEYSOLIC OG MDRp

FWI0 GLEYSOLIC OG MDRv

FW9 LUVISOLIC OGL SWK

GRI LUVISOLIC OGL WBW

GR2 LUVISOLIC OGL SWK

GR3 GLEYSOLIC OG MDRp

GR4 GLEYSOLIC OG MDR

GR5 LUVISOLIC OGL WBW

GRCI2 LUVISOLIC OGL SWK

GRCI3 CRYOSOLIC TFIOC NIC

GRMJI 1 CRYOSOLIC TFIOC NIC

GRSl BRUNISOLIC EDYB PCP

OBSl GLEYSOLIC OLG LPRp

OBSPII LUVISOLIC OGL SWK

OBSP9 CRYOSOLIC TFIOC NIC

OBSP9S CRYOSOLIC TFIOC NIC

OJPI BRUNISOLIC EDYB PCPh

OJP2.BD BRUNISOLIC EDYB PCP

Page 7
OJPG4 BRUNISOLIC EDYB PCP

Palsa5 CRYOSOLIC MEOC PAA

SOABI LUVISOLIC OGL SWK

SOBAI 2 CRYOSOLIC TFIOC NIC

SOBAI 3 CRYOSOLIC TFIOC NIC

SOBAI 4 CRYOSOLIC TFIOC NIC

T3H CRYOSOLIC TFIOC NIC

YJPI BRUNISOLIC EDYB PCP

YJPKI BRUNISOLIC EDYB PCP

YJPK2 BRUNISOLIC EDYB PCP

bog

zoltai

SOILDEV = Soil development (soil classification) .

Order Sub-Group

Brunisolic

EDYB

GLEDYB

EEB

GLEEB

Eluviated Dystric Brunisol

Gleyed Eluviated Dystric Brunisol

Eluviated Eutric Brunisol

Gleyed Eluviated Eutric Brunisol

Gleysolic

OHG

RHG

OG

FEG

OLG

HULG

Orthic Humic Gleysol

Rego Humic Gleysol

Orthic Gleysol

Ferric Gleysol

Orthic Luvic Gleysol

Humic Luvic Gleysol

Luvisolic

OGL

DGL

GLGL

GLDGL

Orthic Gray Luvisol

Dark Gray Luvisol

Gleyed Gray Luvisol

Gleyed Dark Gray Luvisol

Organic

TYF

MEF

TF

TMEF

HYF

TYM

FIM

TM

TFIM

THUM

TH

TFIH

TMEH

Typic Fibrisol

Mesic Fibrisol

Terric Fibrisol

Terric Mesic Fibrisol

Hydric Fibrisol

Typic Mesisol

Fibric Mesisol

Terric Mesisol

Terric Fibric Mesisol

Terric Mesic Humisol

Terric Humisol

Terric Fibric Humisol

Terric Mesic Humisol

Page 8
Cryosolic

OSC

RSC

OTC

RTC

FIOC

HEOC

HUOC

TFIOC

THEOC

THUOC

VARIANT

Code Class

c Cryic

1 Lithic

p Peaty

Orthic Static Cryosol

Regosolic Static Cryosol

Orthic Turbic Cryosol

Regosolic Turbic Cryosol

Fibric Organic Cryosol

Mesic Organic Cryosol

Humic Organic Cryosol

Terric Fibric Organic Cryosol

Terric Mesic Organic Cryosol

Terric Humic Organic Cryosol

SOIL TYPE (See TE-20 Soils Report for descriptions of soil types.)

ATK - Atik

BDY - Baldy

BGC - Bog Collapse

BRN - Brannigan Creek

BTT - Button

CLK - Clarke

CMK - Cormorant Lake

FCD - Fen Collapse

FEN - Fen

GRS - Grass River

LPR - La Perouse

LWP - Low Pine

MDR - Medard

NIC - Nichols Lake

PAA - Palsa

PCB - Partridge Beak

PCH - Partridge Head

PCP - Partridge Crop

PKW - Pakwa

PLH - Palsa Hummock

PLT - Plateau

PPU - Pipun

ROK - Roe Lake

SWK - Sipiwesk

SYB - Sandy Bog

TBL - Turnbull

TFN - Thaw Fen

TYL - Tyrrell

WBW - Wabowden

WRL - Warren Landing

WTP - Wet Pine

YGP - Young Pine

Page 9
SOIL PHASE

Code

d Deep

h Humus

s Shallow

v Very deep

w Very shallow

x Complex

Note: The TGB-12 and TE-20 raster data sets cover the same area of the NSA-MSA. Both data sets

contain a raster image and an attribute file that describes each soil polygon. The TGB-12 raster data

was modified to account for the 1981 burn. In this data set polygons with POLYNUM 238 - 248 are

within the burn.

6.2 Field Notes

None given.

7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

The coordinate information for the various sampled sites is incomplete in the following lists.

Where latitude and longitude coordinates exist, they are expressed in degrees and in reference to the

North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83).

Sites with Coordinate Information

Site Name/Label Latitude Longitude

GRI, Gillam Road

GR2, Gillam Road

GR3, Gillam Road:

GR4, Gillam Road:

GR5, Gillam Road:

Gillam Road Transect

55 9055 ° N

55 9082 ° N

55 906 ° N

55 9041 ° N

55 9055 ° N

55 9055 ° N

(The transect

in detail and

approximately

NSA-FEN

NSA-OBS

OJPI:

OJP2:

NSA-OJP

YJPI:

NSA-YJP

FFI:

SLJI:

starts 100m SW of

continues SW parallel

every 100m.)

55 91481 ° N

55 88007 ° N

55 9287 ° N

55 9287 ° N

55 92842 ° N

55 8952 ° N

55 89575 ° N

55 906 ° N

55 0667 ° N

97.7087 ° W

97.7003 ° W

97.7098 ° W

97.7063 ° W

97.7087 ° W

97.7087 ° W

so82715C, where

to road with

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

98

42072 ° W

48139 ° W

6248 ° W

6248 ° W

62396 ° W

28686 ° W

28706 ° W

949 ° W

5083 ° W

GR5 was sampled

sampling

Page 10
Sites with No Coordinate Information Available

Site Name/Label Location Description

SLJ2 Transect

SLJ3 Transect

SLJ4 Transect

SLJ5 Transect

SLJ6 Transect

SLJ7 Transect

SLJ8 Transect

FFJII

FFJI2

SOBA0

SOBAI

SOBA2

SOBA3

SOBA4

SOBA5

SOBA6

SOBA7

SOBA8

SOBA9

SOBAI0

SOBAII

SOBAI2

SOBAI3

SOBAI4

SOBHI

T3H

FFJI

FFJ2

YJPKI

YJPK2

BOG

OBSll

OBSF3

OBSF4

OBSP9

approximately 500 m NNW of SLJI

approximately 500 m NNW of SLJ2

approximately 500 m NNW of SLJ3

approximately 500 m NNW of SLJ4

approximately 500 m NNW of SLJ5

approximately 500 m NNW of SLJ6

approximately 500 m NNW of SLJ7

Footprint River, Footprint fire 1989 burn site,

west side of Footprint River Bridge.

Footprint River, Footprint River, 1989 burn,

west side of Footprint River bridge, poorly

drained site.

Soab River 1956 burn, Site 0 on the transect; on

the ridge of the SOAB 1956 burn.

Soab River, 1956 burn, South of Thompson on Hwy

391/6 just north of the Soab River on the west

side of road.

Soab River, 1956 burn

Soab River 1956 burn

Soab River

Soab River

Soab River

Soab River

Soab River

Soab River

Soab River

Soab River

Soab River

1956 burn

1956 burn

1956 burn

1956 burn

1956 burn

1956 burn

1956 burn

1956 burn

1956 burn

the Soab River.

Soab River, 1956 burn

500m North of SOBAI

500m North of SOBA2

500m North of SOBA3

500m North of SOBA4

500m North of SOBA5

500m North of SOBA6

500m North of SOBA8

500m North of SOBA9

500m North of SOBA9

500m North of SOBAI0

South of Thompson just north of

South of Thompson just north of

the Soab River on Hwy 391.

Soab River, 1956 burn, South of Thompson just north of

the Soab River on Hwy 391.

Soab River

No location information is available.

Footprint fire 1989 burn site, far into Footprint burn,

approximately iKm north of FFI.

near the Footprint River along the FFJ transect between

FFJI and 3.

Young Jack Pine, 1964 burn, Veldhuis Map name:

Partridge soil; code pcp

Young Jack Pine, 1964 burn, Veldhuis Map name:

Partridge soil; code pcp

No location information available.

Old Black Spruce, Veldhuis Mapped name: Sipewisk.

Old Black Spruce, End of TGB spur, 2.5 m east of small

corral.

Old Black Spruce, NW corner of boardwalk-TGB spur, 3m N

and 3m W of intersection of spur and boardwalk.

Old Black Spruce, Veldhuis mapped name: Nicohols Lake (NIC)

Page 11
OBSl

OBS2

FWI0

GRSI

GRCI2

GRCI3

GRJII

Gillam Road:

FW3

FW9

Old Black Spruce, Site is very wet, seasonally if not

perennially somewhat frozen. Bear east on catwalk,

south on first spur, east about 5m

near Old Black Spruce

Gillam Road: 1992 burn, near 89/90 km marker on Gillam Road

Gillam Road: 1994 burn.

Gillam Road: unburned control for 1992 burn, near 89/90

km marker on Gillam Road, North side of road, across

from 1992 burn.

Gillam Road: unburned control for 1992 burn, near 89/90

km marker on Gillam Road, North side of road, across

from 1992 burn.

Gillam Road: Cabin site, 1964 burn.

Near 89/90 marker on Gillam Road.

Gillam Road: Near 89/90 marker on Gillam Road.

Gillam Road: 1992 burn, near 89/90 km marker on Gillam

Road

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not available.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

None given.

7.1.4 Projection

Not applicable.

7.1.5 Grid Description

Not applicable.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

Soil carbon measurements were made from August 1993 to July 1996.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

Not applicable.

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

The temporal resolution of the measurements was variable.

7.3 Data Characteristics

7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

SOIL DEPTH

SOIL TEMP

AIR TEMP IM

Page 12
SNOW DEPTH

BASAL DEPTH

SITE COMMENTS

COVER TYPE

DEL 13C

DEL 14C

DEL 14C DEPTH

CO2 CONC

FLAG

SOIL PH

FLD VOL SOIL MOISTURE

FLD GRAV SOIL MOISTURE

AIR DRY GRAV SOIL MOISTURE

OVEN DRY VOL SOIL MOISTURE

OVEN DRY GRAV SOIL MOISTURE

TOT BULK DENSITY

BULK DENSITY <2MM

ROCK >2MM

ROOT >2MM

INORG C CONTENT

ORG C CONTENT

TOT C CONTENT

TOT N CONTENT

C N RATIO

SAMPLING MEDIA

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

SOIL DEPTH

SOIL TEMP

AIR TEMP IM

SNOW DEPTH

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS, in

the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by

BOREAS, in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is

the group associated with the sub-site

instrument, e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the

identifier for sub-site, often this will refer to

an instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

The depth below the soil surface at which the

measurement was taken.

The temperature of the soil at the given

depth/location.

The temperature of the air at 1 meter above

ground level.

The depth of snow on the ground.

Page 13
BASAL DEPTH

SITE COMMENTS

COVER TYPE

DEL 13C

DEL 14C

DEL 14C DEPTH

CO2 CONC

FLAG

SOIL PH

FLD VOL SOIL MOISTURE

FLD GRAV SOIL MOISTURE

AIR DRY GRAV SOIL MOISTURE

OVEN DRY VOL SOIL MOISTURE

OVEN DRY GRAV SOIL MOISTURE

TOT BULK DENSITY

BULK DENSITY <2MM

ROCK >2MM

ROOT >2MM

INORG C CONTENT

ORG C CONTENT

Bottom depth of horizon/sample. Defined the top

of the soil (0mm depth) as the top of the living

moss layer. The top of each sample is the bottom

depth of the sample above it.

Descriptive information to clarify or enhance the

site information.

The dominant species, vegetation or type of land

cover that exists at the location.

The del 13C is a relative difference between the

sample and the PeeDee Belemnite standard,

relative to the PeeDee Belemnite standard.

The del 14C is a relative difference between the

sample and the 95% oxalic acid 1 standard,

relative to the 95% oxalic acid 1 standard.

The depth at which the DEL 14C measurements were

taken.

CO2 concentration.

1 means CO2 concentrations are from the amount of

CO2 in the 500cc can-- 2 means 13C value given

was assumed in correction of the 14C data and 0

means no comments.

The pH of the soil sample.

Grams of H20 in the field sample per cubic

millimeter of volume in the soil horizon.

Grams of water in the field sample per gram ovendry total soil.

Grams of water in an air-dried sample per gram of

oven-dried soil whose particle size was less than

2mm. Calculation is used to express chemical

data on an oven-dry basis.

Volumetric moisture of oven dried samples.

Gravimetric moisture of oven dried samples.

The bulk density of all sizes of material,

including rocks and coarse roots.

The bulk density of material less than 2mm in

size, excluding all rocks and roots that were

caught in a 2mm sieve.

Percent by weight of the rock material greater

than 2mm in size (i.e., did not pass through a

2mm sieve) calculated as (grams rock >

2mm)/(total grams of sample) .

Percent by weight of the root material greater

than 2mm in size (i.e., did not pass through a

2mm sieve) calculated as (grams root >

2mm)/(total grams of sample) .

Percentage of inorganic carbon contained in an

oven-dried soil sample whose particles are less

than 2mm in size (i.e., passed through a 2mm

sieve) calculated as (grams inorganic

carbon)/(total grams oven-dried sample) .

Percentage of organic carbon contained in an

oven-dried soil sample whose particles are less

than 2mm in size (i.e.,passed through a 2mm

sieve) calculated as (grams organic

Page 14
TOT C CONTENT

TOT N CONTENT

C N RATIO

SAMPLING MEDIA

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

carbon)/(total grams oven-dried sample).

Combustion analysis results, expressed as i00 *

(grams C divided by grams air-dry soil) (this

includes both organic and inorganic carbon).

This analysis is presented on basis of <2mm airdry soil because lab results can easily be

checked but may be calculated as % of oven-dry

soil using (%C air-dry basis) * (g oven-dry

split)/(g air-dry basis) .

Combustion analysis results, expressed as 100*[g

N]/[g air dry soil]. Presented on basis of <2mm

oven-dry soil.

Contains the ratio of grams of Carbon divided by

grams of nitrogen in the soil sample, not

expressed as atom ratio.

What 14C was measured in (e.g. moss, bulk

organics).

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The measurement units for the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Units

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

SOIL DEPTH

SOIL TEMP

AIR TEMP IM

SNOW DEPTH

BASAL DEPTH

SITE COMMENTS

COVER TYPE

DEL 13C

DEL 14C

DEL 14C DEPTH

CO2 CONC

FLAG

SOIL PH

FLD VOL SOIL MOISTURE

FLD GRAV SOIL MOISTURE

AIR DRY GRAV SOIL MOISTURE

OVEN DRY VOL SOIL MOISTURE

OVEN DRY GRAV SOIL MOISTURE

TOT BULK DENSITY

BULK DENSITY <2MM

ROCK >2MM

ROOT >2MM

[none]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

[millimeters]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[millimeters]

[millimeters]

[none]

[none]

[per mil]

[per mil]

[millimeters]

[parts per million]

[unitless]

[pH]

[grams H20] [millimeter^-3 soil]

[grams H20] [gram^-i dry soil]

[grams H20] [gram^-i soil]

[centimeters^3 H20] [centimeter^-3 soil]

[grams H20] [gram^-i soil]

[grams] [millimeter^-3 ]

[grams] [millimeter^-3 ]

[percent of total]

[percent of total]

Page 15
INORG C CONTENT

ORG C CONTENT

TOT C CONTENT

TOT N CONTENT

C N RATIO

SAMPLING MEDIA

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

[percent]

[percent]

[percent of dry soil]

[percent of dry soil]

[grams C] [gram^-i N]

[none]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

7.3.4 Data Source

The source of the parameter values contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Data Source

SITE NAME Not applicable

SUB SITE Not applicable

DATE OBS Investigator

SOIL DEPTH investigator

SOIL TEMP thermistor

AIR TEMP IM thermometer

SNOW DEPTH Investigator

BASAL DEPTH Investigator

SITE COMMENTS Investigator

COVER TYPE Investigator

DEL 13C Mass spectrometry

DEL 14C Accelerator mass spectrometry

DEL 14C DEPTH Investigator

CO2 CONC Carlo Erba NAI500

FLAG Investigator

SOIL PH Investigato

FLD VOL SOIL MOISTURE TDR

FLD GRAV SOIL MOISTURE Investigator

AIR DRY GRAV SOIL MOISTURE Investigator

OVEN DRY VOL SOIL MOISTURE TDR

OVEN DRY GRAV SOIL MOISTURE Investigator

TOT BULK DENSITY Calculated from BULK DENSITY <2MM and

BULK DENSITY >2MM

BULK DENSITY <2MM Scale

ROCK >2MM Investigator

ROOT >2MM Investigator

INORG C CONTENT Carlo Erba NAI500

ORG C CONTENT Carlo Erba NAI500

TOT C CONTENT Carlo Erba NAI500

TOT N CONTENT Carlo Erba NAI500

C N RATIO Carlo Erba NAI500

SAMPLING MEDIA Investigator

CRTFCN CODE Not applicable

REVISION DATE Not applicable

Page 16
7.3.5 Data Range

The following table gives information about the parameter values found in the data files on the

CD-ROM.

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SITE NAME NSA-999-999GR REG-999-SOBHI None None None None

SUB SITE TGB03-FLXCB TGBI2-STM01 None None None None

DATE OBS 01-AUG-93 21-JUL-96 None None None None

SOIL DEPTH 0 920 None None None Blank

SOIL TEMP -9.6 1.12 None None None Blank

AIR TEMP IM -15.5 -1.3 None None None Blank

SNOW DEPTH 140 200 None None None Blank

BASAL DEPTH 0 4640 -999 None None Blank

SITE COMMENTS N/A N/A None None None Blank

COVER TYPE N/A N/A None None None Blank

DEL 13C -24.2 -17.28 None None None Blank

DEL 14C -599.09 675.2 -999 None None Blank

DEL 14C DEPTH 15 3485 -999 None None Blank

CO2 CONC 350 11980 -999 None None Blank

FLAG 0 2 None None None Blank

SOIL PH 3.8 8 -999 None None Blank

FLD VOL SOIL .000222 229.5 -999 None None Blank

MOISTURE

FLD GRAV SOIL -17.87 960 -999 None None Blank

MOISTURE

AIR DRY GRAV SOIL 0 55.86 -999 None None Blank

MOISTURE

OVEN DRY VOL SOIL 3.51 72.26 -999 None None Blank

MOISTURE

OVEN DRY GRAV SOIL 25.98 5802.8 -999 None None Blank

MOISTURE

TOT BULK DENSITY .000004 2.102 -999 -888 None Blank

BULK DENSITY <2MM .004 2.713 -999 None None Blank

ROCK >2MM 0 51.5 -999 None None Blank

ROOT >2MM 0 33.649 -999 None None Blank

INORG C CONTENT 0 5.308 -999 None -777 Blank

ORG C CONTENT .007 56.16 -999 None None Blank

TOT C CONTENT .548 52.25 -999 -888 None Blank

TOT N CONTENT .003 29.227 -999 -888 None Blank

C N RATIO .06 448.08 -999 -888 None Blank

SAMPLING MEDIA N/A N/A -999 None None Blank

CRTFCN CODE CPI CPI None None None None

REVISION DATE 26-MAY-95 07-AUG-97 None None None None

Minimum Data Value -- The minimum value found in the column.

Maximum Data Value -- The maximum value found in the column.

Missng Data Value -- The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Unrel Data Value -- The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

to indicate an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the value was deemed to be

Page 17
unreliable by the analysis personnel.

Below Detect Limit -- The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation.

Data Not Cllctd -- This value indicates that no attempt was made to

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BORIS combined several similar but

not identical data sets into the same data base table

but this particular science team did not

measure that parameter.

Blank

N/A

None

-- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

-- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

-- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

7.4 Sample Data Record

The following are wrapped versions of data record from a sample data file on the CD-ROM.

SITE NAME,SUB SITE,DATE OBS,SOIL DEPTH, SOIL TEMP,AIR TEMP IM, SNOW DEPTH,

BASAL DEPTH, SITE COMMENTS,COVER TYPE,DEL 13C,DEL 14C,DEL 14C DEPTH,CO2 CONC,FLAG,

SOIL PH,FLD VOL SOIL MOISTURE,FLD GRAV SOIL MOISTURE,AIR DRY GRAV SOIL MOISTURE,

OVEN DRY VOL SOIL MOISTURE,OVEN DRY GRAV SOIL MOISTURE,TOT BULK DENSITY,

BULK DENSITY <2MM, ROCK >2MM, ROOT >2MM, INORG C CONTENT,ORG C CONTENT,

TOT C CONTENT,TOT N CONTENT,C N RATIO, SAMPLING MEDIA, CRTFCN CODE,REVISION DATE

'NSA-OJP-FLXTR', 'TGBI2-IST01',I4-JAN-95,240.0,,,,,

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, '' , 'CPI',07-NOV-96

'NSA-OJP-FLXTR', 'TGBI2-IST01',I4-JAN-95,850.0,,,,,

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, '' , 'CPI',07-NOV-96

'NSA-OJP-FLXTR', 'TGBI2-CON01',I5-JAN-95,850.0,,,,,

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, '' , 'CPI',I0-JUL-97

'NSA-OJP-FLXTR', 'TGBI2-CON01',I5-JAN-95,550.0,,,,,

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, '' , 'CPI',I0-JUL-97

....., , 21.0, 112.3,,706.0,2,

....., , 21.0,75.0, , 1177.0,2,

.... 1177 O, , ,,,,

...., ,,,, 986 • 0,

8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

All of the TGB- 12 NSA soil carbon data are contained in one data set.

8.2 Data Format(s)

The Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) files contain American Standard Code for

Information Interchange (ASCII) numerical and character fields of varying length separated by

commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between

the fields.

Each data file on the CD-ROM has four header lines of Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML)

code at the top. When viewed with a Web browser, this code displays header information (data set

title, location, date, acknowledgments, etc.) and a series of HTML links to associated data files and

related data sets. Line 5 of each data file is a list of the column names, and line 6 and following lines

contain the actual data. Sample data records are shown in the companion data definition file

(tgbl2scd.def).

Page 18
9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

None.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

9.2.1 Processing Steps

None given.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None given.

9.3 Calculations

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

None given.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

None given.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None given.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

None given.

10.2 Quality Assessment

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

None given.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

None given.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

None given.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

None given.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

The data were examined for general consistency and clarity.

Page 19
11.1 Limitations of the Data

None given.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

None given.

11.3 Usage Guidance

None given.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None given.

11. Notes

12. Application of the Data Set

These data can be used to spatially extrapolate the storage of carbon in boreal soils. In addition, the

data should prove useful to modelers who are looking at changing soil carbon amounts.

None given.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

14.1 Software Description

None given.

14.2 Software Access

None given.

14. Software

15. Data Access

The TGB-12 soil carbon data are available from the Earth Observing System Data and Information

System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center

(DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

Page 20
15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

These data are available on the BOREAS CD-ROM series.

17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

None.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Burcholdze, A. A., M. Chudy, I. V. Eristavi, S. V. Pagava, P. Povinec, A. Sivo, and G. I.

Togonidze. 1989. Anthropogenic 14C variations in atmospheric CO2 and wines. Radiocarbon, 31:

771-776.

Davidson, E.A. and S.E. Trumbore. 1995. Gas diffusivity and production of CO2 in deep soils of the

eastern Amazon. Tellus. 47B: 550-565.

Donahue, D.J., T.W. Linick, and A.J.T. Jull. 1990. Isotope-ratio and background corrections for

accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon measurements. Radiocarbon 32:135-142.

Goh, K.M. 1991. Carbon dating. Chapter 8 (pp. 125-145). In Carbon isotope techniques. D.C.

Coleman and B. Fry. Academic Press, San Diego.

Harden, J.W., K.P. O'Neill, S.E. Trumbore, H. Veldhuis, and B.J. Stocks. 1997. Moss and soil

contributions to the annual net carbon flux of a maturing boreal forest. Journal of Geophysical

Research 102(D24):28,805-28,816.

Page 21
Harden,J.W., E. T. Sundquist,R. F. Stallard,andR. K. Mark. 1992.Dynamicsof soil carbon

duringdeglaciationof theLaurentideicesheet,Science,258:1921-1924.

Newcomer,J.,D. Landis,S.Conrad,S.Curd,K. Huemmrich,D. Knapp,A. Morrell, J.Nickeson,

A. Papagno,D. Rinker,R.Strub,T. Twine,F. Hall, andP.Sellers,eds.2000.CollectedDataof The

BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy.NASA. CD-ROM.

O'Neill, K.P., J.W. Harden,S.E.Trumbore,M.O. Bentley,G.W. Winston,andB.B. Stephens.

1995a.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy(BOREAS):1993sitedescriptionsandfield notes;

Thompson,Manitoba.U.S.GeologicalSocietyOpen-FileReport95-488.

O'Neill, K.P., J.W.Harden,andS.E.Trumbore.1995b.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy

(BOREAS):1993laboratorydataandnotes;Thompson,Manitoba.U.S.GeologicalSurveyOpen-File

Report95-565.

Sellers,P.andF.Hall. 1994.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:ExperimentPlan.Version

1994-3.0,NASA BOREASReport(EXPLAN 94).

Sellers,P.andF.Hall. 1996.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:ExperimentPlan.Version

1996-2.0,NASA BOREASReport(EXPLAN 96).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, andK.F. Huemmrich.1996.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:1994

Operations.NASA BOREASReport(OPSDOC94).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, andK.F. Huemmrich.1997.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:1996

Operations.NASA BOREASReport(OPSDOC96).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, H. Margolis,B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi,G. denHartog,J.Cihlar, M.G. Ryan,B.

Goodison,P.Crill, K.J.Ranson,D. Lettenmaier,andD.E. Wickland. 1995.Theboreal

ecosystem-atmospherestudy(BOREAS):anoverviewandearlyresultsfrom the1994field year.

Bulletinof theAmericanMeteorologicalSociety.76(9):1549-1577.

Sellers,P.J.,F.G.Hall, R.D.Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi,J. Berry, M. Ryan,K.J. Ranson,P.M.

Crill, D.P.Lettenmaier,H. Margolis,J.Cihlar, J.Newcomer,D. Fitzjarrald,P.G.Jarvis,S.T.

Gower,D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison,D.E.Wickland, andF.E.Guertin.1997.BOREAS

in 1997:ExperimentOverview,ScientificResultsandFutureDirections.Journalof Geophysical

Research102(D24):28,731-28,770.

Soil ClassificationWorking Group(Eds.).1998.TheCanadianSystemof Soil Classification.3rd

edition.AgricultureandAgri-FoodCanadaPublication1646.187pp.ResearchBranch,Agriculture

andAgri-FoodCanada,NationalResearchCouncilof Canada,Ottawa,Ontario.

Southon,J.R.,J.S.Vogel,S.E.Trumbore,et al. 1992.Progressin AMS measurementsattheLLNL

spectrometer.Radiocarbon34:473 - 477.

Stuiver,M. andH.Polach.1977.Reportingof 14Cdata.Radiocarbon19:355-363.

Taylor, R.E.,A. Long, andR.Kra (eds.).1992.RadiocarbonafterFourDecades:An

InterdisciplinaryPerspective.Springer-Verlag,NY. 596pp.

Trumbore,S.E.1993.Comparisonof carbondynamicsin two soilsusingmeasurementsof

radiocarbonin pre-andpost-bombsoils.GlobalBiogeochemicalCycles.7: 275-290.

Page22
Trumbore,S.E.1995.Useof isotopesandtracersin thestudyof emissionandconsumptionof trace

gasesin terrestrialenvironments.Chapter9 in: Matson,PandHarriss,R, (eds.).BiogenicTrace

Gases:MeasuringEmissionsfrom Soil andWater,Blackwell,Oxford,p. 291-326.

Trumbore,S.E.andJ.W.Harden.1997.Accumulationandturnoverof carbonin organicandmineral

soilsof theBOREASnorthernstudyarea.Journalof GeophysicalResearch.102(D24):

28,817-28,830.

Winston,G.C.,E.T. Sundquist,B.B. Stephens,andS.E.Trumbore.1997.Winter CO2fluxes in a

borealforest.Journalof GeophysicalResearch102(D24):28,795-28,804.

17.3 Archive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None given.

18. Glossary of Terms

AMS

ASCII

BOREAS

BORIS

CD-ROM

DAAC

EOS

EOSDIS

GIS

GSFC

HTML

MSA

NAD83

NASA

NSA

OA

OBS

OJP

ORNL

PANP

SOM

SSA

TDR

TE

TGB

URL

USGS

YJP

19. List of Acronyms

- Accelerator Mass Spectrometer

- American Standard Code for Information

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Geographic Information System

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- Hyper-Text Markup Language

- Modeling Sub-Area

- North American Datum of 1983

- National Aeronautics and Space

- Northern Study Area

- Old Aspen

- Old Black Spruce

- Old Jack Pine

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Soil Organic Matter

- Southern Study Area

- Time Domain Reflectometry

- Terrestrial Ecology

- Trace Gas Biogeochemistry

- Uniform Resource Locator

- United States Geological Survey

- Young Jack Pine

Interchange

Administration

Page 23
20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date

Written: 24-Jul- 1994

Last Updated: 16-Ju1-1999

20.2 Document Review Date(s)

BORIS Review: 25-Jul- 1998

Science Review:

20.3 Document ID

20.4 Citation

When using these data, please include the following acknowledgment as well as citations of

relevant papers in Section 17.2:

The TGB-12 team published the data in two USGS open file reports (O'Neill et al., 1995a,

1995b). Please reference the reports or contact Susan Trumbore.

If using data from the BOREAS CD-ROM series, also reference the data as:

Trumbore, S., J. Harden, and E. Sundquist, "Input, Accumulation and Turnover of Carbon in

Boreal Forest Soils." In Collected Data of The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. Eds. J.

Newcomer, D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson, A.

Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

Also, cite the BOREAS CD-ROM set as:

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. Collected Data of

The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 24
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

November 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TGB-12 Soil Carbon Data over the NSA

6. AUTHOR(S)

Susan Trumbore, Jennifer Harden, Eric Sundquist, and Greg Winston

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

923

RTOP: 923-462-33-01

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 244

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

S. Trumbore: University of California, Irvine; J. Harden: U.S.G.S., Menlo Park, California;

E. Sundquist and G. Winston: U.S.G.S., Woods Hole, Massachusetts; S.K. Conrad: Raytheon ITSS

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TGB-12 team made measurements of soil carbon inventories, carbon concentration in

soil gases, and rates of soil respiration at several sites to estimate the rates of carbon accumulation and

turnover in each of the major vegetation types. TGB-12 data sets include soil properties at tower and

selected auxiliary sites in the BOREAS NSA and data on the seasonal variations in the radiocarbon

content of CO 2 in the soil atmosphere at NSA tower sites. The sampling strategies for soils were

designed to take advantage of local fire chronosequences, so that the accumulation of C in areas of

moss regrowth could be determined. These data are used to calculate the inventory of C and N in moss

and mineral soil layers at NSA sites and to determine the rates of input and turnover (using both

accumulation since the last stand-killing fire and radiocarbon data). This data set includes physical

parameters needed to determine carbon and nitrogen inventory in soils. The data were collected

discontinuously from August 1993 to July 1996. The data are stored in tabular ASCII files.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, trace gas biogeochemistry.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

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18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

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Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

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Unclassified

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24

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20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

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