[No. 9618.

Department One.

November 21, 1911.]

#### T. W. McDermott, *Appellant,*v. F. X. McLellan Company, *Respondent.**1*

Master and Servant — Injuries to Servant — Negligence op Master — Sale Place to Work. A contractor for street grading is not liable to the driver of a team engaged in plowing the street, who was injured by the plow’s striking a stringer. buried in the street on which planking had rested, where the planking and most of the stringers had been removed by another under a permit from the city, the accident occurred on the first day of the work, and the stringers left in the street were concealed and covered by dirt.

Appeal from a judgment of the superior court for King county, Main, J., entered November 9, 1910, in favor of the defendant, upon withdrawing the case from the consideration of the jury, in an action for personal injuries sustained by an employee engaged in grading a street.

Affirmed.

*James T. Lawler,*for appellant.

*Roberts, Battle, Hulbert & Tennant,*and *George L. Spirk,*for respondent.

1

 Reported in 118 Pae. 884.

Gose, J.

— This is a suit to recover damages for personal injuries. The defendant prevailed in the lower court, and the plaintiff has appealed.

The essential facts are as follows: The appellant was employed by one Moreland1 to drive one of several teams which the latter had hired to the respondent. At the time of the happening of the accident, the respondent was engaged in plowing the south side of Jackson street, in the city of Seattle, preparatory to grading and paving it. Some two months earlier, it had taken a contract from the city to do certain grading and paving, including the street where the appellant was injured. The street was planked when the respondent took the contract. Three teams, or six horses, *694were attached to the plow, with a driver for each team. The appellant was driving the wheel team, and was working subject to the direction of the respondent, when he sustained the injury for which he seeks redress in this action. The appellant and his witnesses testified that the injury was caused by the plow striking a stringer upon which the plank had rested, causing the plow to be thrown out of the ground and against the appellant with great violence; that the stringer was sunken in the earth so that no one could see it; and that the *plow*had struck two covered stringers before the appellant was injured. The plank and the larger part of the stringers had been removed by a gas company a month or more before the accident, under a permit from the city, preparatory to its laying its pipes in the street. The city had carried away the plank for use at other points. The center of the street was occupied by a street car track.

When the respondent took its contract, it knew that the gas pipes, water pipes, sewer pipes1, and sidewalk would be laid, and that the street car company would also do its work before the city would permit the respondent to take possession of the street. All of this1 work preceded the grading and paving. The respondent’s contract did not provide for the removal of the plank. The respondent’s manager had passed over the street many times *before*it commenced work on the street, saw that the planking had been removed, and did not see any stringers. Indeed, the appellant, and his witnesses admit that the few stringers that were left were covered with several inches of earth, and that they could not be seen. The respondent did its first work on the street on the day the appellant received his injury. There is no evidence that any representative of the respondent was present when any of the stringers was struck. The appellant, and those working with him, had been sent to this street by the respondent’s foreman, with directions to plow the street. Upon1 these facts, the court withdrew the case from the jury, and entered a judgment for the respondent.

*695The appellant insists that it was the duty of the respondent to furnish him a safe place to work, and that whether it exercised reasonable care to do so should have been submitted to the jury. The respondent contends that it violated no duty, and hence incurred no liability. We agree with the respondent’s view. As we have pointed out, the gas- company removed the planking under a permit from the city. The respondent knew this fact, and knew when it took the contract that the laying of the gas pipes, the water and sewer pipes, and the sidewalk, and the work of the street car company would precede it, and that it would not be permitted to enter upon its work until all these things had been done. When it entered upon its contract, the street was apparently clear and safe, and there was no duty upon it to dig up the earth to ascertain whether the gas company had removed the stringers upon which the planking rested. It had a right to assume that both the planking and its support had been taken up. There was nothing to indicate the contrary. So far as it is concerned, it can no more be held liable for artificial obstructions buried in the earth than for natural ones. The appellant concedes that the respondent is not liable for an injury resulting from the latter cause.

The appellant put the respondent’s manager upon the witness stand, and drew from him a statement that he had testified in a former trial that the respondent received compensation for the removal of the planking. He later explained that all he meant to say was that, if the planking had not been removed by the gas company, but had been there when the respondent entered upon the performance of its contract, it would have had to remove it, but that it knew when it took the contract that it would be removed by others before it got permission to proceed with the work. The meaning of the witness is free from doubt. Moreover, he testified that the contract was to grade and pave, and that the contract contained no reference to the planking. At most, the statement relied upon was an erroneous deduction of the witness *696as to the meaning of the terms of a contract which he had stated. We agree with the proposition of law advanced by the appellant, that it is error to take a case from the jury when there are questions of fact to be determined. In this case, however, the respondent violated no duty, and hence incurred no liability to the appellant.

The judgment is affirmed.

Dunbar, C. J., Fullerton, Mount, and Parker, JJ., concur.