fetional Bureau of Standards

Library, N.W. Bldg

FEB 9 1966

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^ecknlcai ^iote 282

KEYPUNCH CONTROLS FOR STRING-PUNCHING

OF STATISTICAL DATA

MARTIN J. BRENNAN

U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS
THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

The National Bureau of Standards is a principal focal point in the Federal Government for assur- ing maximum application of the physical and engineering sciences to the advancement of technology

in industry and commerce. Its responsibilities include development and maintenance of the national

standards of measurement, and the provisions of means for making measurements consistent with

those standards; determination of physical constants and properties of materials; development of methods for testing materials, mechanisms, and structures, and making such tests as may be necessary, particularly for government agencies; cooperation in the establishment of standard practices

for incorporation in codes and specifications; advisory service to government agencies on scientific and technical problems; invention and development of devices to serve special needs of the Govern- ment; assistance to industry, business, and consumers in the development and acceptance of commercial standards and simplified trade practice recommendations; administration of programs in cooperation with United States business groups and standards organizations for the development

of international standards of practice; and maintenance of a clearinghouse for the collection and

dissemination of scientific, technical, and engineering information. The scope of the Bureau's

activities is suggested in the following listing of its three Institutes and their organizational units. Institute for Basic Standards. Applied Mathematics. Electricity. Metrology. Mechanics. Heat. Atomic Physics. Physical Chemistry. Laboratory Astrophysics.* Radiation Physics. Radio Standards

Laboratory:* Radio Standards Physics; Radio Standards Engineering. Office of Standard Reference

Data. Institute for Materials Research. Analytical Chemistry. Polymers. Metallurgy. Inorganic Materials. Reactor Radiations. Cryogenics.* Materials Evaluation Laboratory. Office of Standard Refer- ence Materials. Institute for Applied Technology. Building Research. Information Technology. Performance

Test Development. Electronic Instrumentation. Textile and Apparel Technology Center. Technical

Analysis. Office of Weights and Measures. Office of Engineering Standards. Office of Invention and

Innovation. Office of Technical Resources. Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical

Information.**

'Located at Boulder, Colorado, 80301. ** Located at 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, Virginia, 22171.
NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS

Technical Note 282

ISSUED FEBRUARY 11, 1966

KEYPUNCH CONTROLS FOR STRING-PUNCHING

OF STATISTICAL DATA

Martin J. Brennan

Engineering Development Branch

Data Processing Systems Division

Bureau of the Census

Department of Commerce

Suitland, Maryland

Editor: David Robbins

NBS Technical Notes are designed to supplement the Bureau's regular publications program. They provide a means for making available scientific data that are of transient or limited interest. Technical Notes may be

listed or referred to in the open literature.

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Government Printing Office

Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price 25 cents
This note describes controls for a keypunch machine used to

key statistical data with "string -punching techniques". Since the

data are punched into cards that do not contain fixed field sizes, an

identification code is punched for each data entry. To avoid a split

field (part on one card and the remainder on another), the keypunch

machine is programmed to provide a justification zone in which an

answer identification code or a "delete" code can not be keyed. The

cards are automatically serialized for each questionnaire and an

arrangement is provided to punch an end-of-questionnaire code in the

last card for the questionnaire.

Other disclosures on various subjects may be found in NBS

Technical Notes 237, 253 and 263.

Tech. Note No. 282, February 11, 1966

ii
KEYPUNCH CONTROLS FOR STRING-PUNCHING OF STATISTICAL DATA

Martin J. Brennan

Introduction

A Census of Agriculture is conducted every five years and is a

complete inventory of farm land and its uses, of crops, livestock and

products, of poultry and products, and of produce on hand and/or sold

during the year. A twenty percent sample is used to obtain additional

information about the persons living on the farm, the farm facilities,

equipment and expenditures. The total number of farms in the United

States is estimated between 3, 000, 000 and 3, 500, 000 .

To encompass the entire range of agricultural activities, the

farm questionnaire contains 355 questions, many of which are in

several parts. Since the great majority of farms do not include all

activities, for a given farm, many questions may have no answer. No

answers are usually indicated by a check in a "none" box for a series

of related questions.

In the past a number of different card types were designed for

the various sections of the questionnaire and many of the cards punched

had a large number of X-skipped fields. An operator punched only one

section of the questionnaire represented by a particular card type. The

set of questionnaires was then moved to another operator to punch

another section. The questionnaires would ultimately be handled by

ten or more operators before all the information for a given group of

farms could be recorded on punched cards. Obviously, this was very

time consuming and required extensive controls.
In contrast, when "string-punching" techniques are used, the

answers in each questionnaire are punched by a single operator. The

questionnaire is divided into segments and the segments are further

divided into items. Each item contains one or more data fields in

which answers are recorded. The operator uses keypunch machine 85

(Fig. 1), under control of program card 86, to key identification data

into the first information card 87 for a questionnaire. The cards are

then punched only when an answer is indicated on the questionnaire,

or to indicate that a segment has been considered by the operator.

Since there are no fixed field sizes, this necessitates the punching of

identification codes for each answer.

Upon recognizing an error, the operator does not destroy the

error card. A "delete" code is punched and repunching is started in

the next column. The repunching is always of the entire questionnaire,

the segment, or the item, depending upon where the error is indicated.

Serializer unit 88 is controlled by program card 86 and in turn

controls the punch unit in machine 85 to automatically serialize the

cards for a questionnaire, and the end of questionnaire control unit 89

is operated by machine 85 to control the punch unit to identify the last

card in the series. This permits the operator to ascertain the number

of cards for a questionnaire and to keep the cards in correct order.
To avoid a split field (part on one card and the remainder on

another), card 86 is programmed to control justification unit 90, which

prevents the keying of any part of an answer identification code or a

"delete" code in a justification zone. Should this be attempted the

keyboard on machine 85 will lock without the character being punched,

and the card will move to the area for automatic serialization. After

serialization, the card will eject, a new card will be fed in, the identification information data for the questionnaire will be duplicated and

the keyboard will be unlocked.

This method of punching is possible since the cards are read on

magnetic tape by an arrangement that is not shown, and processed on a

computer. Without the use of the computer, it is not possible to derive

meaningful data from the "string-punched" cards.

Terminology and Notation

When Figs. 5 to 9 are arranged as shown in Fig. 4, numbers

ranging from to 10 appear in the left-hand margin and letters A and B

appear along the top of Fig. 4 and the bottom of Fig. 9. This forms a

coordinate system which may be used to locate the contacts of the

relays in the figures. For example, relay coil 7P is associated with

rectangle 7, Fig. 5, which represents relay 7 and is divided into sections marked 2B, IB, 8A, 8A, representing contacts 7-1 to 7-4 or

contacts 1 to 4 of the relay, respectively. The notation in each section

designates the location of the associated contact in the figures. Thus,

to use the notation 2B to locate contacts 7-1, find the area between

numbers 2 and 3 in the left-hand margin of Fig. 6 and proceed to the B

or right-hand portion of this figure.

3
Every relay and relay coil is represented by a number in a

rectangle. When a rectangle has a P nearby, it represents the pick

coil of a relay, the number of which appears in the rectangle. A pick

coil is energized quickly and is used for operations that are not to be

maintained for a long period of time. When a rectangle has an H

nearby, it represents a coil used in a hold circuit for the relay whose

number appears in the rectangle.

By way of illustration, the arrangement disclosed herein controls

an IBM Card Punch Machine 024, which is one type of keypunch machine.

The structure shown in Figs. 5 to 9, enclosed in a dotted rectangle and

marked "85", is therefore located in the IBM machine. When a lead is

broken and a number is found nearby, the number corresponds to a component found in the IBM machine.

While the present arrangement controls an IBM Card Punch

Machine 024, it will be understood that by virtue of the principles

underlying this disclosure that the arrangement could be modified to

control other keypunch machines, paper tape perforators, or data

recorders. It will also be understood that the IBM machine is not

necessarily the best keypunch machine for the purposes described

herein.

With reference to Fig. 2, the armature of contacts 93 is resting

on the "normal" contact and, when actuated, engages or is transferred

to the "transferred" contact. When the armature engages the transferred

contact, the contacts are designated as "transferred contacts 93" and

when the armature engages the normal contact, the contacts are designated as "normal contacts 93. "
With reference to Fig. 3, the positive terminal of battery 95 is

connected to the "pick." of relay 94, while the negative terminal is

connected to the "common" of the relay.

When a resistor in Figs. 5 to 9 is connected between the pick

of a relay or relay coil and positive potential source 96, such as

resistor 97 (Fig. 5), the resistor functions as a current limiting resistor.

Likewise, 91 and 92 (Fig. 9) are current limiting resistors. When a

resistor and capacitor are connected in series across a relay or relay

coil, such as 98 and 99 (Fig. 5), the latter components form an arc

suppressor circuit. Finally, the various diodes in the figures prevent

sneak circuits.

Questionnaire Composition

The questionnaire is divided into segments identified by alphabetic codes. Each segment code is punched even when there is no

answer for any question in the segment.

The segments are divided into items, and the items are further

divided into data fields. Each item is designated by an item code,

which comprises three characters, the first being a numeric "V" or "12"

punch. (A "V" punch is a perforation in the second row above the "0"

row on information card 87, Fig. 10.) If there is an answer entered into

any of the answer positions associated with a given item code, the

latter code is punched first, followed by the answer or group of answers.

Each answer is recorded in a data field, preceded by a numeric "X" or

"11" punch. (An "X" punch is a perforation in the first row above the

"0" row in the information card. ) If there are several answer positions

for an item and one or more is blank, an "X" is punched for each blank

5
field except where all remaining fields for the item are blank.

Start of Operation

At the start of operation, an information card 87 is registered

in keypunch machine 85 and the auto-dup switch 100 (Fig. 5) is open.

The operator closes the "string-punching" switch 102 (Fig. 8) to

complete a circuit through relay coil 10H to positive potential source 96,

and the latter coil is energized. In "string-punching" techniques the

skip key, that controls the manual skip, is not used. Hence, when

relay coil 10H is energized, contacts 10-3 open, breaking splice 45PP

to relay 45 in the keypunch machine. This disables relay 45, which

during normal operation, will cause the machine to escape one column

when the skip key is struck. Again, when relay 10H is energized,

contacts 10-4 close to apply negative potential source 104 to display

tubes 105 and 106, placing the tubes in operation.

The operator depresses key 111 (Fig. 8) to reset counter 110.

After the key is depressed, relay coil 1H is energized and contacts 1-2

close. A circuit is then completed to P-cam 2 that maintains relay coil

1H energized until machine 85 performs the next punch clutch cycle.

Contacts 1-1 close and a circuit is completed through interrupter

contacts 113, arm 117 of bank 1 and units relay coil 109 to advance the

stepping switch of the counter until arm 117 comes to rest on contact 1.

Likewise, contacts 1-4 close and a circuit is completed through interrupter contacts 115 and tens relay 119 until arm 120 comes to rest on

contact of tens bank 1. In this way counter 110 is reset to 01.
When the operator starts to punch the Identifying data in card 87,

the first keyed digit starts a punch clutch cycle during which the contacts

controlled by P-cam 2 open and release relay coil 1H.

Recording Information

The punching of information in card 87 is under the control of

program card 86, which contains a standard program in rows 12, 11,

and 1 and an alternate program in rows 4 to 7. Rows 4 and 12 are punched in the omitted portions of cards 86 and 87 in Fig. 10. Row 2 in

the program card defines the justification zone, row 3 defines the areas

for recording "delete" and end of questionnaire codes, and rows 8 and 9

the area for recording the card count.

Keypunch machine 85 is in standard program at the start of the

recording process, and the operator keys identification data into the

first information card 87. This will include the state and county in

which the data was collected. The counties are mapped out into

Enumeration Assignments (EAs), and most of the EAs contain smaller

areas known as Enumeration Districts (EDs). The operator punches the

EA number, the ED number and then the type and number of the questionnaire. (If an EA contains only one ED, the operator keys "1" for the ED

number,) This data is shown recorded in the card illustrated in Fig. 10,

where the "Al" printed over column 10 designates the classification of

the questionnaire being punched.
After keying the identification data, the operator closes the

auto-dup switch 100 (Fig. 5) and turning to the segment A of the questionnaire, uses "string-punching" techniques to record data on the card.

First, an "A" is keyed in column 13, card 87 (represented by a perforation in rows 12 and 1). The first item in this segment has one

question: "How many acres do you rent from others?" The answer is

"620". Thus the operator keys rows 12, 1 and 1 to represent the first

item code VI 1; row 11 ("X") in column 17 to represent a data field; and

rows 6, 2, in columns 18, 19 and 20, respectively, to represent the

answer.

The second item in segment A has one question: "How many

acres do you rent from others?" Since the answer is "none", the second

item code is not punched. The third item contains four answer positions,

and the answers in the first, third and fourth positions are 42, 68 and

124, respectively. After punching V13 in columns 21 to 23 to represent

the code for the third item, the operator keys "X" and 42, the answer for

field one. He then keys: "X" for field two, "X" and the answer 68 for

field three, and finally, "X" and 124 for field four. If fields one and

two had contained answers, but fields three and four were blank, after

keying field two the operator would proceed to the next item containing

an answer in segment A. This is item V56 whose code is recorded in

columns 35 to 37.
Card Serialization

Using the "string-punching" techniques just described, the

operator continues to key data into information card 87. As he approaches

the end of the card, assume that the answer to be punched into the last

data field ends in column 78.

Since this is the first questionnaire card, arms 120 and 117 of

units and tens bank 1 in counter 110 (Fig. 7) are on their and 1

contacts, respectively; and arms 122 and 12 1 of units and tens bank 2

are also on their and 1 contacts, respectively. Relay 50 (not shown)

in keypunch machine 85 controls the operation of contacts 50-2 (Fig. 7)

whose armature is connected through contacts 4-1 to the pin sense

contacts common to effect automatic duplication of information from one

card to the following card.

After the operator punches the data into column 78, the keypunch

machine advances to column 79 where star wheels 0, 2, and 8 sense

the perforations in rows 0, 2 and 8, respectively, of program card 86.

When star wheel 2 senses the perforation in row 2, relay coil 4P is

energized. Contacts 4-1 are then transferred to bypass the auto-dup

operation in the keypunch machine. Contacts 4-5 are also transferred.

When star wheel 8 senses the perforation in row 8, relay coil 6P is

activated so that contacts 6-2 are closed. Finally, when star wheel

senses the perforation in row a circuit is completed through transferred contacts 4-5 and closed contacts 6-2 and 2-3 to the auto-dup

circuit in the keypunch machine, which is then placed in auto-dup

operation. During this operation, relay 50 (not shown) in the machine

is picked up and contacts 50-2 close.

9
After star wheel 8 senses the perforation in row 8, column 79

in the program card, relay coil 6P is energized and contacts 6-1 are

transferred. P-cam 5 generates a pulse during each punch clutch cycle

which is applied through closed contacts 50-2, transferred contacts 4-1,

normal contacts 5-1, transferred contact 6-1 and through arm 121 to the

zero punch magnet. Row in column 79 in information card 87 is then

punched.

When the zero punch magnet is energized, another punch clutch

cycle is effected and keypunch machine 85 advances to column 80. In

this column, star wheel 0, 2, and 9 sense the perforations in rows 0,

2 and 9, respectively; relay coil 4P remains energized and relay coil 5P

is activated. Contacts 4-5 remain transferred and contacts 5-2 close to

complete a circuit from the star wheel common through star wheel to

the auto-dup circuit, maintaining the machine in "auto-dup" operation.

In column 80, as noted above, the star wheels 2 and 9 sense

the perforations in rows 2 and 9, respectively, in program card 86,

maintaining relay coil 4P energized and picking up relay coil 5P.

Contacts 4-1 are therefore maintained in the transferred position and

contacts 5-1 are transferred, so that the next pulse generated by P-cam

5 is directed through closed contacts 5-2, transferred contacts 4-1 and

5-1 and through arm 122 to activate the one magnet. Row 1 in column 80

in the information card 87 is then punched. In this manner, 01 is

recorded in the information card.

10
After column 80 has been punched, keypunch machine 85 automatically ejects card 87 and causes a new card to be registered. Since

relay 10H is energized, contacts 10-5 are closed and while the new card

is being registered, a pulse, generated by card feed cam CF-4 (Fig. 7),

is applied through closed contacts 10-5, 1-3 and 2-1 to activate relay

coil 109 of the stepping switch related to counter 110. When the pulse

terminates, the switch is advanced and arm 117 moves to contact 2.

The counter now reads 02.

Since the stepping switch includes units and tens bank 2

(Fig. 7), arm 122 advances to contact 2, and since the switch also

includes units and tens bank 4 (Fig. 9), the units and tens registered in

counter 110 are displayed on tubes 106 and 105, respectively. This

provides the operator with a visual indication of the count as well as an

indication that keypunch machine 85 is operating properly.

When a questionnaire requires a large number of cards, some

may be punched in one and the remainder in another period of operation.

The operator will then note the count of the punched cards appearing on

display tubes 105 and 106 at the end of the first period and before the

start of the next period will set counter 110 at the noted count. This is

accomplished by means of units and tens advance keys 123 and 124, for

each time one of these keys is depressed an obvious circuit is completed

to advance counter 110 by either a unit or a ten.

11
When arm 117 advances from contact 9 to contact 10 on unit

bank 1 (Fig. 7), relay coil 109 is energized by a circuit that extends

through units interrupter contacts 113. Arm 117 is then advanced to

contact where it comes to rest. As arm 117 moves from contact 9 to

10, units carry switch 135 is closed by a mechanical arrangement on the

stepping switch and remains closed until 117 moves from contact 10 to

0. When switch 135 is closed, volts is applied to tens relay coil 119,

energizing the coil, and when the switch opens, arm 120 is advanced

from contact to 1. Arms 117 and 120 are then on contacts and 1 of

units and tens bank 1, respectively, while arms 138 and 139 are on

contacts and 1 of units and tens banks 4, respectively. A count of 10

is then registered in counter 110 and displayed on tubes 105 and 106.

Justification

As information is keyed into card 87, the keypunch machine 85

advances until at column 72 the machine enters the justification zone

which extends through column 78 and is defined by the perforations in

row 2 of program card 86. In this zone the operator may complete the

punching of any information that has been started but will not be allowed

to start a new segment, item or data field. Should the operator depress

the X, V or alpha shift keys, the keyboard will lock without the character being punched and the machine will skip to column 79 for automatic

serialization.

12
Assume that the data for the last item recorded in a card 87 ends

in column 71 and the card is registered in column 72. Star wheel 2 will

sense the perforation in column 72, row 2 of program card 86, and since

contacts 10-6 are closed, a circuit is completed that picks up relay coil

4P. Contacts 4-2, 4-3, and 4-4 are then transferred. If the operator

should strike the V or the X key to start an item or data field entry,

potential will be applied through either contacts 4-2 or 4-4 and closed

contacts 3-3 to terminal 45PP in keypunch machine 85. This will place

the machine in the auto-skip operation which is maintained by the field

definition punched in row 12 of program card 86. Thus, an auto-skip

operation, started in column 72, will continue through column 77, placing the machine in column 78. In a similar manner volts is normally

applied to capacitor 145 which is charged, and when the alpha shift key

is struck the capacitor is discharged through contacts 4-3, 3-3 to terminal 45PP to effect an auto-skip to column 78.

When the X, V or alpha shift key is depressed, relay coil 45 in

the keypunch machine is energized and contacts 45-6 close. This picks

up relay coil 3P and contacts 3-3 open to allow the field definition in

row 12, program card 87 to control keypunch machine 85 in the autoskip operation. Contacts 3-1 close, completing a holding circuit

through contacts 2AL-C. The latter contacts are controlled by relay 2

in the keypunch machine and remains energized until card 87 is ejected.

13
In column 78, star wheel 3 senses a perforation in row 3, picking

up relay coil 7P. Contacts 7-2 close. Star wheel senses the perforation in row to complete a circuit through closed switch 100 and closed

contacts 7-2, 3-2, 2-3 to the auto-dup circuit. This initiates a dummypunch clutch cycle. At the same time, star wheel 2 reads the perforation in row 2 to pick up relay coil 4P and transfer contacts 4-1. Pcam 5 then generates a pulse that is applied through closed contacts

50-2, transferred contacts 4-1, normal contacts 5-1, 6-1, 8-5, and

9-5 to energize relay coil IIP. Contacts 11-2 close so that the pulse

generated by P-cam 2 activates relay coil 11H. Contacts 11-1 close

and potential is applied to 49-4C in keypunch machine 85, which

causes the machine to space one column. As the machine is spaced, a punch clutch cycle is initiated that opens the circuit through which the

pulse generated by P-cam 2 is applied to relay coil 11H. The latter coil

then drops out. During the latter punch clutch cycle, P-cam 5 closes

and initiates the operations effecting read-out of counter 110, as described above under "Serialization".

After card 87 has been serialized, it is ejected and a new card is

registered in the keypunch machine. Star wheel then senses the perforation in column 1, row in program card 86 to complete a circuit through

closed switch 100, normal contacts 4-5 to the auto-dup circuit. This

will start an auto-dup operation that is maintained through column 12 by

the perforations in row 12 in the program card. In this way, the identification data in the first information card 87 is reproduced in the second.

14
Punching the Last Card of a Questionnaire

Assume that the last data entry for a questionnaire is made in

column 24 of the card registered in keypunch machine 85. The operator

then depresses the space bar (Fig. 6) which functions as the end-ofquestionnaire key.

When the space bar is depressed, since contacts 10-2 are

transferred relay coil 8H is activated and contacts 8-1 close. Since

terminal 1/2A (Fig. 6) is connected to terminal 1/3B in the keypunch

machine, volts is applied through closed contacts 148, 8-1 and normal

contacts 7-1 to 45PP, which energizes relay coil 45 in the machine.

This places the machine in an auto-skip operation. Contacts 45-6 close

to pick up relay coil 3P. Contacts 3-3 open to allow the field definition

in row 12, program card 86 to control the keypunch machine in auto-skip

until information card 87 is positioned at column 7 8. (The drawings for

the IBM Card Punch Machine 024 do not identify contacts 148 with a

number.

)

When relay coil 8H is energized, contacts 8-2 are closed and a

holding circuit for the coil is completed through contacts 8-2 and normally closed contacts 1-6.

15
In column 78, star wheels 2 and 3 sense the perforations in rows

2 and 3 of program card 86, energizing relay coils 4 and 7. Normally,

when the space bar is depressed, the keyboard on keypunch machine 85

would be restored and locked by a circuit connected through contacts

1AU and 48-4 (Fig. 9) and a circuit connected through contacts 50-3T

and 45-2. These circuits, when activated, will also cause the keypunch machine to escape one column. However, since the escapement

in column 78 is to be controlled via the circuits described below, when

relay coil 7P is energized contacts 7-3 and 7-4 open and the keypunch

machine can not space over column 78 until the end-of-questionnaire

code is punched in this column.

Contacts 7-1 make and volts is applied through closed contacts

8-1 and 7-1 to energize relay coil 3P, which closes contacts 3-2 and

opens contacts 3-3. At the same time, contacts 7-2 close and star

wheel senses the perforation in row of program card 86 so that

volts is applied through closed switch 100 and closed contacts 7-2, 3-2

and 2-3 to the auto-dup circuit. This places the machine in auto-dup

operation, providing a punch clutch cycle. Since relay 50 (not shown)

in keypunch machine 85 is energized, contacts 50-2 are closed and the

pulse, generated by P-cam 5 during the latter clutch cycle, is applied

through contacts 50-2, transferred contacts 4-1, normal contacts 5-1

and 6-1, and transferred contacts 8-5 to terminals 8, 3 and 12. These

terminals are connected in circuits in keypunch machine 85 that are

responsive to volts to punch rows 8, 3 and 12 in column 78. Consequently, a "period, " which is the end-of-questionnaire code, is punched

in column 78 of the information card 87.

16
Card 87 is now advanced to column 79, and as previously

described, is serialized and ejected. An auto-feed operation is then

initiated in the keypunch machine to register the next information card

in the punch station. During this operation, cam CF-3 (Fig. 8) generates

a pulse that is sent through closed contacts 8-4 to pick up relay coil

1H. Contacts 16 open to break the holding circuit on relay coil 8H.

Meanwhile, before contacts 8-6 open, cam CF-3 (Fig. 6) applies a

pulse through the latter contacts to relay coil 8H, establishing a holding

circuit for the duration of the pulse generated by CF-3. In this way

coil 8H is held energized for a short period after coil 1H drops out and

contacts 1-6 open.

When relay coil 8H is energized, contacts 8-3 make, and a

circuit is completed to the grid of electron tube V2. The tube conducts

and electromagnet coil 147 is energized to lock the keyboard on keypunch machine 85 until the termination of the pulse generated by cam

CF-3. (The number for coil 147 does not appear in the circuit diagram

for the IBM Card Punch Machine 024.

)

When relay coil 1H is energized, contacts 1-5 close to pick up

relay coil 36P. This places keypunch machine 85 in alternate program

and control of the machine shifts to star wheels 4 to 7. Contacts 36-1

close to complete a circuit to terminal 2-PH in the machine and thereby

establish a holding circuit for relay coil 36P.

17
Again, when relay coil 1H is energized, contacts 1-1 and 1-4

close and counter 110 is reset, as described above in connection with

reset key 111 under "Start of Operation". The units and tens bank. 3 are connected in the manner shown in Fig. 5 to insure that counter 110 is

rest to 01 before the keypunch machine performs the auto-dup operation

described immediately below.

After relay coil 36P is energized and a new card is registered in

the keypunch machine, star wheel 6 senses the perforation in column 1,

row 6. If the counter 110 is reset to 01, a circuit is completed through

the units and tens bank 3 in the stepping switch related to 110, transferred contacts 36-3 and contacts 4-5 to the auto-dup circuit. The keypunch machine is then placed in auto-dup operation under control of the

perforations in row 4, columns 2 to 8 in program card 86. Thus, the

auto-dup operation will be maintained through column 8 of the new card

and the identification information punched in the first eight columns of

the last card for the previous questionnaire is recorded in the first

eight columns of the first card for the new questionnaire.

In many instances, the code in column 9 in the last card can be

duplicated in the new card. If this is the case, the operator depresses

the manual-dup key (not shown) to provide a one column duplication. If

the data to be recorded is not the same as in column 9 of the last card,

the operator keys the new information. He then punches a new questionnaire number in columns 10 to 12. This brings the keypunch machine to

column 13 where the operator starts recording information using the

"string-punching" techniques described above.

18
After the new card has been completely punched, the holding

circuit in the keypunch machine for relay coil 36P is broken and the

coil drops out. The machine is then in standard program, under control

of rows 12, 11, and 1 in program card 86.

When an information card 87, punched with an end-of-questionnaire code, is in the pin sense station, diode 150 (Fig. 9) prevents a sneak circuit that would be established to punch magnet 3 in the keypunch machine if a delete-farm code, described below, is keyed.

Self- Detected Error

Delete Item . If an error of omission or of punching is made in a

data field, the R or "delete" key (not shown) on the keyboard of machine

85 is depressed. An "R" will be punched in the current column. Starting in the next available column, the entire item starting with the item

code is repunched.

If an error is made in any digit of the current item code other

than the "V" punch, it may be corrected by depressing the R key and

proceeding to punch that item code again. If something other than "V"

is punched for the first digit of the item code, the R key is depressed

and the previous item is repunched in its entirety. If this error occurs

in the first item of a segment, the "R" must be followed by the segment

letter.

19
Delete Segment. The entire segment must be "deleted" and

repunched when an error in an item code, or in a data field for an item

is not detected until after the first character of the succeeding item

code has been correctly punched. The same R key, which is used for

deleting an item, is also used for deleting a segment. An entire segment must also be deleted and repunched if one or more items were

skipped and the error is realized after starting to punch succeeding

items.

It is noted that the "R" punch will delete data fields and item

or segment codes back to and including the last preceding item or segment code. The actual area deleted is determined by the codes

punched immediately after the "R" code. An item code immediately

following the delete code will cause the computer to remove all

information back to and including that item code. A segment code

immediately following the delete code will cause the computer to remove

all information back to and including that segment code. The "R" punch

must, therefore, be followed immediately by the "V" or the segment

code which was punched in error, and punching should resume from

that point.

20
Delete Questionnaire . If an error of omission or of punching is

detected in a previous segment, or when it is realized that the wrong

questionnaire number has been punched for the current questionnaire,

the skip key (Fig. 6) is depressed. The keypunch machine 85 will then

perform the same operations as when the end of questionnaire is reached

and the space bar (Fig. 6) is depressed with the exception that the

operation is under control of relay coil 9H, through transferred contacts

10-1, instead of relay coil 8H. Thus, at column 78 the pulse generated

by P-cam 5 is transmitted through a circuit that includes closed contacts 50-2, and transferred contacts 4-1 and 9-5 to the terminals marked

X and 8. An "X" and an 8 are then punched in column 78, which represents a "Q".

The presence of the "Q" in column 78 indicates that all cards

punched for this questionnaire are to be disregarded or deleted. The

questionnaire is repunched as if it were a new one and the repunched

cards are placed in the file directly behind the deleted ones.

Card Release

When recording data in a series of cards related to a questionnaire, the operator may wish to release a card registered in keypunch

machine 85 without altering the card count. He may accomplish this

by depressing the release key (Fig. 8).

21
More specifically, when the release key is depressed, the

information card 87 registered in the keypunch machine is automatically

released and a new information card is registered. A circuit is established through the release key that applies volts to relay coil 2P which

is then energized. Contacts 2-2 close, and since contacts 4-6 and

switch 102 are closed, relay coil 2H is activated. As the keypunch

machine enters column 72, star wheel 2 senses the perforation in row 2

of program card 86, and relay coil 4P is picked up. Contacts 4-6 then

open and relay coil 2H drops out. However, relay coil 2P remains

energized by the circuit through the release key. As the keypunch

machine leaves column 80, relay coil 4P drops out and contacts 4-6

close, establishing a circuit that energizes relay coil 2H. The latter

coil will remain energized until column 72 of the new information card

when relay coil 4P is again picked up and contacts 4-6 open to release

relay coil 2H.

When either relay coil 2P or 2H is energized, contacts 2-3 are opened to prevent the completion of a circuit from star wheel to the

auto-dup circuit as program card 86 is spaced through columns 79 and

80. Hence relay 50 in keypunch machine 85, which is closed during an

auto-dup operation, remains inactivated and contacts 50-2 remain open.

Consequently, counter 110 is not read out as information card 87 is

spaced through columns 79 and 80. Contacts 2-1 open so that a pulse,

generated by card feed cam CF-4, can not be fed through closed contacts 10-5 and 1-3 to units relay coil 109, and the counter is not

advanced.

22
Again, when either relay coil 2P or 2H is activated, contacts

2-4 close. If at this time, the keypunch machine is in alternate

program, relay coil 36P is energized and a holding circuit for the latter

coil is set up through contacts 36-12 and 2-4. This will maintain the

machine in alternate program for the information card 87 that follows

the one being released.

23
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20230

OFFICIAL BUSINESS

POSTAGE AND FEES PAID

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE