8-i 

### CHAPTER 8. ENERGY USE ANALYSIS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

8.1 PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENT .................................................................................... 8-1

8.2 HIGH

- INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP SYSTEM OPERATING HOURS ................. 8-1

8.3 RESULTS OF THE ENERG Y USE ANALYSIS .............................................................. 8-4

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................ 8-7

LIST OF TABLES

Table 8.2.1 Comparison of Lighting Market Characterization Daily Operating Hours by
Sector for HID Lamp Systems ............................................................................. 8-2
Table 8.2.2. Average Annual HID Lamp System Operating Hours by Sector ............................ 8-2 Table 8.3.1 HID Lamps ≥1900 K and ≤2800 K and ≥50 W to ≤1000 W; Clear; Enclosed

Rated .................................................................................................................... 8- 5 Table 8.3.2 HID Lamps >2800 K and ≤4500 K and ≥50 W to ≤400 W; Clear; Enclosed

Rated .................................................................................................................... 8- 5 Table 8.3.3 HID Lamps >2800 K and ≤4500 K and >400 W and ≤1000 W; Clear;

Enclosed

- Rated .................................................................................................... 8-6 Table 8.3.4 HID Lamps >2800 K and ≤4500 K and >1000 W and ≤2000 W; Clear;

Enclosed

- Rated* .................................................................................................. 8-6

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 8.2.1 Commercial Sector Annual Operating Hour Distribution by Building Type .......... 8-3
Figure 8.2.2. Industrial Sector Annual Operating Hour Distribution by Building Type ............. 8-3 Figure 8.2.3 Outdoor Stationary Sector Annual Op erating Hour Distribution by
Installation Type .................................................................................................. 8-48-1 

### CHAPTER 8. ENERGY USE ANALYSIS

8.1 PURPOSE OF THE DOCUM ENT

This chapter presents the methodology the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) follow ed to estimate the annual energy consumption of the high- intensity discharge (HID) lamp designs

DOE consider ed in the HID lamp rulemaking analys e s. Ballasts will not be regulated under the
proposed HID lamps rulemaking ; however, the input power of the complete lamp

- and

- ballast

system must be considered for the energy use analysis. The results of this analysis, which
represent typi cal energy consumption in the field, are critical inputs to the life

- cycle cost (LCC)
and payback period (PBP) analys is ( interim technical support document [ TSD ] c hapter 9) and
the national impact analysis (NIA ; interim TSD c hapter 11 ) . DOE requires information on annual energy consumption to determine the potential energy and operating cost savings to customer s from the use of more-efficient equipment.

DOE determine d the annual energy consumption of the representative HID lamp

- ballast

fixture systems (herein “HID lamp systems”) using information on their measured input power ( i.e. , the power necessary to operate the system ) and the way customers use them ( i.e. , operating hours per year). The engineering analysis ( interim TSD c hapter 5) provides the in put power ratings of representative HID lamp systems

. The following sections discuss the inputs and

calculations DOE use d to develop annual operating hours and annual energy consumption for the
equipment considered in this analysis.

8.2 HIGH

- INTENSITY DISCHARGE LAMP SYSTEM OPERATING HOURS

To characterize the country’s average use of HID lamp systems f or a typical year, DOE develop ed annual operating hour s by sector . For the LCC, DOE account ed for variability in operating hours by developing a distribution of operating hours for the LCC spreadsheet , using data from the 2010 U.S. Lighting Market Characterization (LMC)

. 1 

### The operating hour distributions captured variation across building types

, lighting application s, and HID lamp

systems for three sectors (commercial

, industrial, and outdoor stationary)

.

For the commercial sector, DOE use d LMC commercial sector operating hour data to develop a distribution of annual operating hours for HID lamp systems

. DOE aggregate d LMC annual operating hour data by application to develop average annual operating hours by building

type. In 2012, DOE released the 2010 edition of the LMC

. The average usage for 2010 resulted

in more hours than in 2001. This was true of HID lamp systems a nd each of the subsets of

system types across the board. Table 8.2.1 compares the daily operating hours in 2001 and 2010

for HID lamp systems ; the difference s ranged from a slight reduction (4 percent) for mercury

vapor (MV) lamp systems in the outdoor sector to a significant increase (38 percent) for high

pressure sodium (HPS) lamp systems in the industrial sector.8-2 

### Table 8.2.1 Comparison of Lighting Market Characterization Daily Operating Hours by

Sector for HID Lamp Systems

Lamp Type LMC Version Daily Operating Hours by Sector

hr

Commercial Industrial Outdoor All Sectors

HID 2010 11.1 16.8 12.3 12.3

2001 10.1 13.9 11.3 11.0
2010:2001 Comparison 110% 121% 109% 112%

MV 2010 11.1 16.5 10.8 11.8

2001 10.0 12.4 11.2 9.9
2010:2001 Comparison 111% 133% 96% 119%

MH 2010 11.1 16.5 12.1 12.2

2001 10.2 14.4 10.5 11.5
2010:2001 Comparison 109% 115% 115% 106%

HPS 2010 11.0 17.9 12.5 12.5

2001 10.2 13.0 11.3 11.0
2010:2001 Comparison 108% 138% 111% 114%

MH is metal halide.



### T o develop a distribution of annual operating hours in the industrial sector, DOE use d an approach consistent with that used for the commercial sector. DOE aggregate d LMC annual operating hour data by industrial application to develop average annual operating hours by building type

.

For the outdoor stationary sector, DOE use d LMC operating hour data to develop a
distribution of annual operating hours for HID lamp systems

. LMC data for outdoor stationary

sources are aggregated by installation type ( e.g. , u nlike the commercial and industrial sectors,
DOE aggregate d LMC annual operating hour data by application to develop average annual
operating hours by building type)

. Table 8.2.2 summarizes the weighted average annual
operating hours per sector.

Table 8.2.2. Average Annual HID Lamp System Operating Hours by Sector

Sector Average Annual Operating Hours
hr/yr

Commercial 3,961

Industrial 6,113
Outdoor Stationary 4,493
Outdoor Stationary

>2800 K and ≤4500 K;

>1000 W and ≤2000 W;

clear; enclosed

- rated 778



### Figure 8.2.1 display s the annual operating hours DOE use d for HID lamp systems in the

commercial sector. DOE use d these annual operating hours in the LCC calculation s.8-3 

### Figure 8.2.1 Commercial Sector Annual Operating Hour Distribution by Building Type

Figure 8.2.2 display s the annual operating hours for HID lamp systems oper ating in the

industrial sector. DOE use d this distribution of annual operating hours in the LCC calculation.

Figure 8.2.2 . Industrial Sector Annual Operating Hour Distribution by Building Type

Figure 8.2.3 displays the annual operating hour s for HID lamp systems operating in the outdoor stationary sector. DOE use d this distribution of annual operating hours in the LCC

calculation s. 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000Hours of Operation per Year

Building Type 

### Commercial Sector Operating Hours by Building Type

5200 5400 5600 5800 6000 6200 6400 6600 6800Hours of Operation per Year

Building Type 

### Industrial Sector Operating Hours by Building Type8-4 

### Figure 8.2.3 Outdoor Stationary Sector Annual Operating Hour Distribution by

Installation Type

As shown in Table 8.2.2

, DOE used a modified annual operating hours value for lamps
with rated power values greater than 1000 W. These high wattage lamps are often used in
stadium lighting. As shown in Figure 8.2.3 , stadium lighting typically only operates a few
hundred hours per year. However, high wattage lamps are not solely used in stadium lighting.

Hi gh wattage lamps are also used in floodlighting applications, but typically for tall structures such as the Washington Monument 2 

### or the Los Angeles City Hall

. 3



### The DOE report Energy Savings Estimates of Light Emitting Diodes in Niche
Applications estimates the input power of currently installed exterior luminaires including area,
flood, roadway, and parking applications. 4 

### For any of these luminaire types, the average system input power value is less than 500 W and in some cases less than 250 W. The average system input power values and a survey of available lamp catalogs indicates that very high wattage
lamps only comprise a small number of installed luminaires.

Therefore, the operating hours for high wattage lamps were assumed to be a combination

of the sta dium building type operating hours (90 percent of the weighted average) and the
outdoor stationary sector operating hours (10 percent of the weighted average).

8.3 RESULTS OF THE ENERG Y USE ANALYSIS

This section presents the annual energy use estimates for representative HID lamp

systems . DOE calculate d the annual energy consumption using annual operating hours and

measured input power rating estimates. DOE use d the annual energy consumption results in the LCC and PBP analys i s and the NIA to calculate the opera ting cost of systems and to estimate the
potential energy savings of candidate standard level s ( CS L s)

. 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

Building Exterior Billboard Stadium Parking RoadwayHours of Operation per Year

Building Type 

### Outdoor Stationary Operating Hours by Application8- 5 

### Table 8.3.1 through Table 8.3.4 detail (1) the input power ratings for all the lamp

- and

ballast systems DOE assesse d in the LCC and PBP analysis for each equipment class ; (2) the weighted average annual operation of the equipment class; and (3) average annual energy use based on input power and operating hours

.

Table 8.3.1 HID Lamps ≥1900 K and ≤2800 K and ≥50 W to ≤1000 W; C lear ; E nclosed

R ated

CSL Representative

Lamp Type System Input Power

W Weighted Average
Annual Operation

hr Annual Energy

Use

kWh

Baseline HPS 70 W 91 4,586 417

1 HPS 67 W 87 4,586 400

Baseline HPS 100 W 128 4,586 587

1 HPS 96 W 123 4,586 562

Baseline HPS 250 W 297 4,586 1,360

1 HPS 240 W 284 4,586 1,303

Baseline HPS 400 W 463 4,586 2,123

1 HPS 383 W 444 4,586 2,034

Baseline HPS 1000 W 1089 4,586 4,994

1 HPS 958 W 1043 4,586 4,785



### Table 8.3.2 HID Lamps >2800 K and ≤4500 K and ≥50 W to ≤400 W; C lear; E nclosed

R ated

CSL Representative

Lamp Type * System Input Power

W Weighted Average
Annual Operation

hr Annual Energy

Use

kWh

Baseline MV MV 100 W 120 4,731 568

1 N/A

--- --- --- Baseline MH / 2 P ulse MH 70 W 97 4,731 460

3 CMH 50 W 56 4,731 265

Baseline MV MV 175W 205 4,760 976

1 N/A

--- --- --- Baseline MH / 2 P ulse MH 100 W 130 4,760 619

3 CMH 70 W 78 4,760 371

Baseline MV MV 250 W 286 4,760 1,362

Baseline MH / 1 P robe MH 175 W 1999 4,760 947

2 P ulse MH 150 W 185 4,760 882

3 CMH 100 W 111 4,760 528

Baseline MV MV 400 W 449 4,760 2,137

Baseline MH / 1 P robe MH 250 W 284 4,760 1,352

2 P ulse MH 200 W 227 4,760 1,082

3 CMH 150 W 166 4,760 790

Baseline MV N/A

--- --- --- Baseline MH / 1 P robe MH 400 W 455 4,760 2,164

2 P ulse MH 320 W 364 4,760 1,731

3 CMH 250 W 270 4,760 1,287

CMH is ceramic metal halide.

* Entries of “N/A” indicate CSLs where more

- efficacious MV replacements for MV baseline lamps do not exist, or where MV
baseline lamps do not exist at a particular wattage range.8-6 

### Table 8.3.3 HID Lamps >2800 K and ≤4500 K and >400 W and ≤1000 W; C lear ; E nclosed

R ated

CSL Representative

Lamp Type * System Input Power

W Weighted Average
Annual Operation

hr Annual Energy

Use

kWh

Baseline MV MV 1000 W 1083 4,855 5,256

1 N/A

--- --- --- 2 pulse MH 750 W 827 4,855 4,015

Baseline MV N/A

--- --- --- Baseline MH / 1 probe MH 1000 W 1089 4,855 5,289

2 pulse MH 875W 970 4,855 4,710

* Entries of “N/A” indicate CSLs where more

- efficacious MV replacements for MV baseline lamps do not exist, or where MV
baseline lamps do not exist at a particular wattage range.



### Table 8.3. 4 HID Lamps >2800 K and ≤4500 K and > 1000 W and ≤2000 W; C lear ;

E nclosed -R ated

CSL Representative

Lamp Type System Input Power

W Weighted Average
Annual Operation

hr Annual Energy

Use

kWh

Baseline MH 2000 W 2105 778 1,637

1 MH 1500 W 1632 778 1,2698-7 

### REFERENCES

1. U.S. Department of Energy– Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Building
Technologies Program: U.S. Lighting Market Characterization

. January 20 12. Washington,

D.C. < http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/

2010

- lmc

- final

- jan

- 2012.pdf >

2. U.S. Department of Energy- Federal Energy Management Program. A Monumental

Improvement . July 2008. Washington, D.C. < www1.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/
sod_wash_monument.pdf >

3. Phoeni x Products Company. Hollywood Icon Illuminated by Phoenix Products Company

. 2002. Milwaukee, WI. < www.phoenixproducts.com/PhoenixFiles/Public/CaseStudies/

LA CH_CASE_STUDY.pdf >

4. U.S. Department of Energy– Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Energy
Savings Estimates of Light Emitting Diodes in Niche Lighting Applications . January 2011. Washington, D.C. < http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/
nichefinalreport_january2011.pdf >