#### § 50.61 Fracture toughness requirements for protection against pressurized thermal shock events.

(a) *Definitions.* For the purposes of this section:

(1) *ASME Code* means the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Division I, “Rules for the Construction of Nuclear Power Plant Components,” edition and addenda and any limitations and modifications thereof as specified in [§ 50.55a](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.55a).

(2) *Pressurized Thermal Shock Event* means an event or transient in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) causing severe overcooling (thermal shock) concurrent with or followed by significant pressure in the reactor vessel.

(3) *Reactor Vessel Beltline* means the region of the reactor vessel (shell material including welds, heat affected zones and plates or forgings) that directly surrounds the effective height of the active core and adjacent regions of the reactor vessel that are predicted to experience sufficient neutron radiation damage to be considered in the selection of the most limiting material with regard to radiation damage.

(4) *RT**NDT* means the reference temperature for a reactor vessel material, under any conditions. For the reactor vessel beltline materials, RTNDT must account for the effects of neutron radiation.

(5) *RT**NDT(U)* means the reference temperature for a reactor vessel material in the pre-service or unirradiated condition, evaluated according to the procedures in the ASME Code, Paragraph NB-2331 or other methods approved by the Director, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation.

(6) *EOL Fluence* means the best-estimate neutron fluence projected for a specific vessel beltline material at the clad-base-metal interface on the inside surface of the vessel at the location where the material receives the highest fluence on the expiration date of the operating license.

(7) *RT**PTS* means the reference temperature, RTNDT, evaluated for the EOL Fluence for each of the vessel beltline materials, using the procedures of [paragraph (c)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61#p-50.61(c)) of this section.

(8) *PTS Screening Criterion* means the value of RTPTS for the vessel beltline material above which the plant cannot continue to operate without justification.

(b) *Requirements.*

(1) For each pressurized water nuclear power reactor for which an operating license has been issued under this part or a combined license issued under [Part 52 of this chapter](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/part-52), other than a nuclear power reactor facility for which the certification required under [§ 50.82(a)(1)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.82#p-50.82(a)(1)) has been submitted, the licensee shall have projected values of RTPTS or RTMAX-X, accepted by the NRC, for each reactor vessel beltline material. For pressurized water nuclear power reactors for which a construction permit was issued under this part before February 3, 2010 and whose reactor vessel was designed and fabricated to the 1998 Edition or earlier of the ASME Code, the projected values must be in accordance with this section or [§ 50.61a](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61a). For pressurized water nuclear power reactors for which a construction permit is issued under this part after February 3, 2010 and whose reactor vessel is designed and fabricated to an ASME Code after the 1998 Edition, or for which a combined license is issued under Part 52, the projected values must be in accordance with this section. When determining compliance with this section, the assessment of RTPTS must use the calculation procedures described in paragraph (c)(1) and perform the evaluations described in [paragraphs (c)(2)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61#p-50.61(c)(2)) and [(c)(3)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61#p-50.61(c)(3)) of this section. The assessment must specify the bases for the projected value of RTPTS for each vessel beltline material, including the assumptions regarding core loading patterns, and must specify the copper and nickel contents and the fluence value used in the calculation for each beltline material. This assessment must be updated whenever there is a significant[[2](#50.61-footnote-2)] change in projected values of RTPTS, or upon request for a change in the expiration date for operation of the facility.

(2) The pressurized thermal shock (PTS) screening criterion is 270 °F for plates, forgings, and axial weld materials, and 300 °F for circumferential weld materials. For the purpose of comparison with this criterion, the value of RTPTS for the reactor vessel must be evaluated according to the procedures of [paragraph (c)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61#p-50.61(c)) of this section, for each weld and plate, or forging, in the reactor vessel beltline. RTPTS must be determined for each vessel beltline material using the EOL fluence for that material.

(3) For each pressurized water nuclear power reactor for which the value of RTPTS for any material in the beltline is projected to exceed the PTS screening criterion using the EOL fluence, the licensee shall implement those flux reduction programs that are reasonably practicable to avoid exceeding the PTS screening criterion set forth in [paragraph (b)(2)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61#p-50.61(b)(2)) of this section. The schedule for implementation of flux reduction measures may take into account the schedule for submittal and anticipated approval by the Director, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, of detailed plant-specific analyses, submitted to demonstrate acceptable risk with RTPTS above the screening limit due to plant modifications, new information or new analysis techniques.

(4) For each pressurized water nuclear power reactor for which the analysis required by [paragraph (b)(3)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61#p-50.61(b)(3)) of this section indicates that no reasonably practicable flux reduction program will prevent RTPTS from exceeding the PTS screening criterion using the EOL fluence, the licensee shall submit a safety analysis to determine what, if any, modifications to equipment, systems, and operation are necessary to prevent potential failure of the reactor vessel as a result of postulated PTS events if continued operation beyond the screening criterion is allowed. In the analysis, the licensee may determine the properties of the reactor vessel materials based on available information, research results, and plant surveillance data, and may use probabilistic fracture mechanics techniques. This analysis must be submitted at least three years before RTPTS is projected to exceed the PTS screening criterion.

(5) After consideration of the licensee's analyses, including effects of proposed corrective actions, if any, submitted in accordance with [paragraphs (b)(3)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61#p-50.61(b)(3)) and [(b)(4)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61#p-50.61(b)(4)) of this section, the Director, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, may, on a case-by-case basis, approve operation of the facility with RTPTS in excess of the PTS screening criterion. The Director, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, will consider factors significantly affecting the potential for failure of the reactor vessel in reaching a decision.

(6) If the Director, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, concludes, pursuant to [paragraph (b)(5)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61#p-50.61(b)(5)) of this section, that operation of the facility with RTPTS in excess of the PTS screening criterion cannot be approved on the basis of the licensee's analyses submitted in accordance with [paragraphs (b)(3)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61#p-50.61(b)(3)) and [(b)(4)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61#p-50.61(b)(4)) of this section, the licensee shall request and receive approval by the Director, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, prior to any operation beyond the criterion. The request must be based upon modifications to equipment, systems, and operation of the facility in addition to those previously proposed in the submitted analyses that would reduce the potential for failure of the reactor vessel due to PTS events, or upon further analyses based upon new information or improved methodology.

(7) If the limiting RTPTS value of the plant is projected to exceed the screening criteria in paragraph (b)(2), or the criteria in [paragraphs (b)(3)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61#p-50.61(b)(3)) through [(b)(6)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61#p-50.61(b)(6)) of this section cannot be satisfied, the reactor vessel beltline may be given a thermal annealing treatment to recover the fracture toughness of the material, subject to the requirements of [§ 50.66](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.66). The reactor vessel may continue to be operated only for that service period within which the predicted fracture toughness of the vessel beltline materials satisfy the requirements of [paragraphs (b)(2)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61#p-50.61(b)(2)) through [(b)(6)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61#p-50.61(b)(6)) of this section, with RTPTS accounting for the effects of annealing and subsequent irradiation.

(c) *Calculation of RT**PTS*. RTPTS must be calculated for each vessel beltline material using a fluence value, f, which is the EOL fluence for the material. RTPTS must be evaluated using the same procedures used to calculate RTNDT, as indicated in [paragraph (c)(1)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61#p-50.61(c)(1)) of this section, and as provided in [paragraphs (c)(2)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61#p-50.61(c)(2)) and [(c)(3)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61#p-50.61(c)(3)) of this section.

(1) Equation 1 must be used to calculate values of RTNDT for each weld and plate, or forging, in the reactor vessel beltline.

Equation 1: RTNDT = RTNDT(U) + M + ΔRTNDT

(i) If a measured value of RTNDT(U) is not available, a generic mean value for the class[[3](#50.61-footnote-3)] of material may be used if there are sufficient test results to establish a mean and a standard deviation for the class.

(ii) For generic values of weld metal, the following generic mean values must be used unless justification for different values is provided: 0 °F for welds made with Linde 80 flux, and −56 °F for welds made with Linde 0091, 1092 and 124 and ARCOS B-5 weld fluxes.

(iii) *M* means the margin to be added to account for uncertainties in the values of RTNDT(U), copper and nickel contents, fluence and the calculational procedures. M is evaluated from Equation 2.

[![](https://img.federalregister.gov/ER19DE95.003/ER19DE95.003_large.png)](https://img.federalregister.gov/ER19DE95.003/ER19DE95.003_original_size.png)

(A) In Equation 2, σU is the standard deviation for RTNDT(U). If a measured value of RTNDT(U) is used, then σU is determined from the precision of the test method. If a measured value of RTNDT(U) is not available and a generic mean value for that class of materials is used, then σU is the standard deviation obtained from the set of data used to establish the mean. If a generic mean value given in [paragraph (c)(1)(i)(B)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61#p-50.61(c)(1)(i)(B)) of this section for welds is used, then σU is 17 °F.

(B) In Equation 2, σΔ is the standard deviation for ΔRTNDT. The value of σΔ to be used is 28 °F for welds and 17 °F for base metal; the value of σΔ need not exceed one-half of ΔRTNDT.

(iv) ΔRTNDT is the mean value of the transition temperature shift, or change in RTNDT, due to irradiation, and must be calculated using Equation 3.

Equation 3: ΔRTNDT = (CF)f(0.28−0.10 log f)

(A) *CF* (°F) is the chemistry factor, which is a function of copper and nickel content. CF is given in table 1 for welds and in table 2 for base metal (plates and forgings). Linear interpolation is permitted. In tables 1 and 2, “Wt − % copper” and “Wt − % nickel” are the best-estimate values for the material, which will normally be the mean of the measured values for a plate or forging. For a weld, the best estimate values will normally be the mean of the measured values for a weld deposit made using the same weld wire heat number as the critical vessel weld. If these values are not available, the upper limiting values given in the material specifications to which the vessel material was fabricated may be used. If not available, conservative estimates (mean plus one standard deviation) based on generic data[[4](#50.61-footnote-4)] may be used if justification is provided. If none of these alternatives are available, 0.35% copper and 1.0% nickel must be assumed.

(B) *f* is the best estimate neutron fluence, in units of 1019 n/cm2 (E greater than 1 MeV), at the clad-base-metal interface on the inside surface of the vessel at the location where the material in question receives the highest fluence for the period of service in question. As specified in this paragraph, the EOL fluence for the vessel beltline material is used in calculating KRTPTS.

(v) Equation 4 must be used for determining RTPTS using equation 3 with EOL fluence values for determining ΔRTPTS.

Equation 4: RTPTS = RTNDT(U) + M + ΔRTPTS

(2) To verify that RTNDT for each vessel beltline material is a bounding value for the specific reactor vessel, licensees shall consider plant-specific information that could affect the level of embrittlement. This information includes but is not limited to the reactor vessel operating temperature and any related surveillance program[[5](#50.61-footnote-5)] results.

(i) Results from the plant-specific surveillance program must be integrated into the RTNDT estimate if the plant-specific surveillance data has been deemed credible as judged by the following criteria:

(A) The materials in the surveillance capsules must be those which are the controlling materials with regard to radiation embrittlement.

(B) Scatter in the plots of Charpy energy versus temperature for the irradiated and unirradiated conditions must be small enough to permit the determination of the 30-foot-pound temperature unambiguously.

(C) Where there are two or more sets of surveillance data from one reactor, the scatter of ΔRTNDT values must be less than 28 °F for welds and 17 °F for base metal. Even if the range in the capsule fluences is large (two or more orders of magnitude), the scatter may not exceed twice those values.

(D) The irradiation temperature of the Charpy specimens in the capsule must equal the vessel wall temperature at the cladding/base metal interface within ±25 °F.

(E) The surveillance data for the correlation monitor material in the capsule, if present, must fall within the scatter band of the data base for the material.

(ii)

(A) Surveillance data deemed credible according to the criteria of [paragraph (c)(2)(i)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61#p-50.61(c)(2)(i)) of this section must be used to determine a material-specific value of CF for use in Equation 3. A material-specific value of CF is determined from Equation 5.

[![](https://img.federalregister.gov/ER19DE95.004/ER19DE95.004_large.png)](https://img.federalregister.gov/ER19DE95.004/ER19DE95.004_original_size.png)

(B) In Equation 5, “n” is the number of surveillance data points, “Ai” is the measured value of ΔRTNDT and “fi” is the fluence for each surveillance data point. If there is clear evidence that the copper and nickel content of the surveillance weld differs from the vessel weld, *i.e.*, differs from the average for the weld wire heat number associated with the vessel weld and the surveillance weld, the measured values of ΔRTNDT must be adjusted for differences in copper and nickel content by multiplying them by the ratio of the chemistry factor for the vessel material to that for the surveillance weld.

(iii) For cases in which the results from a credible plant-specific surveillance program are used, the value of σΔ to be used is 14 °F for welds and 8.5 °F for base metal; the value of σΔ need not exceed one-half of ΔRTNDT.

(iv) The use of results from the plant-specific surveillance program may result in an RTNDT that is higher or lower than those determined in paragraph (c)(1).

(3) Any information that is believed to improve the accuracy of the RTPTS value significantly must be reported to the Director, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation. Any value of RTPTS that has been modified using the procedures of [paragraph (c)(2)](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61#p-50.61(c)(2)) of this section is subject to the approval of the Director, Office of Nuclear Reactor Regulation, when used as provided in this section.

Table 1—Chemistry Factor for Weld Metals, °F

| Copper, wt-% | Nickel, wt-% | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 0 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 1.00 | 1.20 |
| 0 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| 0.01 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| 0.02 | 21 | 26 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 | 27 |
| 0.03 | 22 | 35 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 | 41 |
| 0.04 | 24 | 43 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 |
| 0.05 | 26 | 49 | 67 | 68 | 68 | 68 | 68 |
| 0.06 | 29 | 52 | 77 | 82 | 82 | 82 | 82 |
| 0.07 | 32 | 55 | 85 | 95 | 95 | 95 | 95 |
| 0.08 | 36 | 58 | 90 | 106 | 108 | 108 | 108 |
| 0.09 | 40 | 61 | 94 | 115 | 122 | 122 | 122 |
| 0.10 | 44 | 65 | 97 | 122 | 133 | 135 | 135 |
| 0.11 | 49 | 68 | 101 | 130 | 144 | 148 | 148 |
| 0.12 | 52 | 72 | 103 | 135 | 153 | 161 | 161 |
| 0.13 | 58 | 76 | 106 | 139 | 162 | 172 | 176 |
| 0.14 | 61 | 79 | 109 | 142 | 168 | 182 | 188 |
| 0.15 | 66 | 84 | 112 | 146 | 175 | 191 | 200 |
| 0.16 | 70 | 88 | 115 | 149 | 178 | 199 | 211 |
| 0.17 | 75 | 92 | 119 | 151 | 184 | 207 | 221 |
| 0.18 | 79 | 95 | 122 | 154 | 187 | 214 | 230 |
| 0.19 | 83 | 100 | 126 | 157 | 191 | 220 | 238 |
| 0.20 | 88 | 104 | 129 | 160 | 194 | 223 | 245 |
| 0.21 | 92 | 108 | 133 | 164 | 197 | 229 | 252 |
| 0.22 | 97 | 112 | 137 | 167 | 200 | 232 | 257 |
| 0.23 | 101 | 117 | 140 | 169 | 203 | 236 | 263 |
| 0.24 | 105 | 121 | 144 | 173 | 206 | 239 | 268 |
| 0.25 | 110 | 126 | 148 | 176 | 209 | 243 | 272 |
| 0.26 | 113 | 130 | 151 | 180 | 212 | 246 | 276 |
| 0.27 | 119 | 134 | 155 | 184 | 216 | 249 | 280 |
| 0.28 | 122 | 138 | 160 | 187 | 218 | 251 | 284 |
| 0.29 | 128 | 142 | 164 | 191 | 222 | 254 | 287 |
| 0.30 | 131 | 146 | 167 | 194 | 225 | 257 | 290 |
| 0.31 | 136 | 151 | 172 | 198 | 228 | 260 | 293 |
| 0.32 | 140 | 155 | 175 | 202 | 231 | 263 | 296 |
| 0.33 | 144 | 160 | 180 | 205 | 234 | 266 | 299 |
| 0.34 | 149 | 164 | 184 | 209 | 238 | 269 | 302 |
| 0.35 | 153 | 168 | 187 | 212 | 241 | 272 | 305 |
| 0.36 | 158 | 172 | 191 | 216 | 245 | 275 | 308 |
| 0.37 | 162 | 177 | 196 | 220 | 248 | 278 | 311 |
| 0.38 | 166 | 182 | 200 | 223 | 250 | 281 | 314 |
| 0.39 | 171 | 185 | 203 | 227 | 254 | 285 | 317 |
| 0.40 | 175 | 189 | 207 | 231 | 257 | 288 | 320 |

Table 2—Chemistry Factor for Base Metals, °F

| Copper, wt-% | Nickel, wt-% | | | | | | |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 0 | 0.20 | 0.40 | 0.60 | 0.80 | 1.00 | 1.20 |
| 0 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| 0.01 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| 0.02 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| 0.03 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| 0.04 | 22 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 | 26 |
| 0.05 | 25 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 31 |
| 0.06 | 28 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 | 37 |
| 0.07 | 31 | 43 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 | 44 |
| 0.08 | 34 | 48 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 | 51 |
| 0.09 | 37 | 53 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 | 58 |
| 0.10 | 41 | 58 | 65 | 65 | 67 | 67 | 67 |
| 0.11 | 45 | 62 | 72 | 74 | 77 | 77 | 77 |
| 0.12 | 49 | 67 | 79 | 83 | 86 | 86 | 86 |
| 0.13 | 53 | 71 | 85 | 91 | 96 | 96 | 96 |
| 0.14 | 57 | 75 | 91 | 100 | 105 | 106 | 106 |
| 0.15 | 61 | 80 | 99 | 110 | 115 | 117 | 117 |
| 0.16 | 65 | 84 | 104 | 118 | 123 | 125 | 125 |
| 0.17 | 69 | 88 | 110 | 127 | 132 | 135 | 135 |
| 0.18 | 73 | 92 | 115 | 134 | 141 | 144 | 144 |
| 0.19 | 78 | 97 | 120 | 142 | 150 | 154 | 154 |
| 0.20 | 82 | 102 | 125 | 149 | 159 | 164 | 165 |
| 0.21 | 86 | 107 | 129 | 155 | 167 | 172 | 174 |
| 0.22 | 91 | 112 | 134 | 161 | 176 | 181 | 184 |
| 0.23 | 95 | 117 | 138 | 167 | 184 | 190 | 194 |
| 0.24 | 100 | 121 | 143 | 172 | 191 | 199 | 204 |
| 0.25 | 104 | 126 | 148 | 176 | 199 | 208 | 214 |
| 0.26 | 109 | 130 | 151 | 180 | 205 | 216 | 221 |
| 0.27 | 114 | 134 | 155 | 184 | 211 | 225 | 230 |
| 0.28 | 119 | 138 | 160 | 187 | 216 | 233 | 239 |
| 0.29 | 124 | 142 | 164 | 191 | 221 | 241 | 248 |
| 0.30 | 129 | 146 | 167 | 194 | 225 | 249 | 257 |
| 0.31 | 134 | 151 | 172 | 198 | 228 | 255 | 266 |
| 0.32 | 139 | 155 | 175 | 202 | 231 | 260 | 274 |
| 0.33 | 144 | 160 | 180 | 205 | 234 | 264 | 282 |
| 0.34 | 149 | 164 | 184 | 209 | 238 | 268 | 290 |
| 0.35 | 153 | 168 | 187 | 212 | 241 | 272 | 298 |
| 0.36 | 158 | 173 | 191 | 216 | 245 | 275 | 303 |
| 0.37 | 162 | 177 | 196 | 220 | 248 | 278 | 308 |
| 0.38 | 166 | 182 | 200 | 223 | 250 | 281 | 313 |
| 0.39 | 171 | 185 | 203 | 227 | 254 | 285 | 317 |
| 0.40 | 175 | 189 | 207 | 231 | 257 | 288 | 320 |

[[60 FR 65468](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/60-FR-65468), Dec. 19, 1995, as amended at [61 FR 39300](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/61-FR-39300), July 29, 1996; [72 FR 49500](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/72-FR-49500), Aug. 28, 2007; [73 FR 5722](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/73-FR-5722), Jan. 31, 2008; [75 FR 23](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/75-FR-23), Jan. 4, 2010; [84 FR 65644](https://www.federalregister.gov/citation/84-FR-65644), Nov. 29, 2019]

###### Footnotes - [50.61](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/section-50.61)

[[2](#50.61-footref-2)] Changes to RTPTS values are considered significant if either the previous value or the current value, or both values, exceed the screening criterion before the expiration of the operating license or the combined license under [Part 52 of this chapter](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/part-52), including any renewed term, if applicable for the plant.

[[3](#50.61-footref-3)] The class of material for estimating RTNDT(U) is generally determined for welds by the type of welding flux (Linde 80, or other), and for base metal by the material specification.

[[4](#50.61-footref-4)] Data from reactor vessels fabricated to the same material specification in the same shop as the vessel in question and in the same time period is an example of “generic data.”

[[5](#50.61-footref-5)] Surveillance program results means any data that demonstrates the embrittlement trends for the limiting beltline material, including but not limited to data from test reactors or from surveillance programs at other plants with or without surveillance program integrated per [10 CFR part 50, appendix H](/on/2024-09-17/title-10/part-50/appendix-Appendix%20H%20to%20Part%2050).