Development of a Fluorescence Based

Measurement Technique to Quantify

Water Contaminants at Pipe Surfaces

During Flow

Mark A. Kedzierski

NISTIR 7355

NISTIR 7355

Development of a Fluorescence Based

Measurement Technique to Quantify Water

Contaminants at Pipe Surfaces During Flow

Mark A. Kedzierski

U.S DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Institute of Standard and Technology

Building Environment Division

Building and Fire Research Laboratory

Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8631

September 2006

U.S. Department of Commerce

Carlos M. Gutierrez, Secretary

National Institute of Standards and Technology

William A. Jeffrey, Director
Development of a Fluorescence Based Measurement Technique to 

Quantify Water Contaminants at Pipe Surfaces During Flow 

M. A. Kedzierski 

National Institute of Standards and Technology 

Bldg. 226, Rm B114 

Gaithersburg, MD 20899 

Phone: (301) 975-5282 

Fax: (301) 975-8973 

ABSTRACT 

This paper provides a detailed account of the development of a fluorescence based 

measurement technique for measuring the mass of contaminant on solid surfaces in the 

presence of water flow. A test apparatus was designed and developed for the purpose of 

studying adsorption and desorption of diesel to and from a copper test surface in the presence 

of contaminated and fresh water flow, respectively. A calibration technique was developed 

to correlate the measured fluorescence intensity to the mass of diesel adsorbed per unit 

surface area (the excess surface density) and the bulk concentration of the diesel in the flow. 

Both bulk composition and the excess surface density measurements were achieved via a 

traverse of the fluorescent measurement probe perpendicular to the test surface. Two 

nominal bulk mass fractions (0.2 % and 0.3 %) were tested each for five different Reynolds 

numbers between zero and 7000. Measurements for a given condition were made over a 

period of approximately 200 h. The measured diesel excess surface density varied between 

zero and 0.02 kg/m2

 for the variation in the bulk mass fraction and Reynolds number of the 

flow. Normalized Freundlich constants were calculated for the various bulk mass fractions 

and Reynolds numbers. 

Keywords: adsorption, contaminant, diesel, excess layer, fluorescence, measurement 

technique, sorption, water 

 

SECURITY NOTICE

THE MATERIAL IN THIS REPORT HAS NOT BEEN APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE, AND 

ITS USE IS RESTRICTED TO OFFICIAL DISTRIBUTION. WORK DESCRIBED IN THIS 

DOCUMENT MAY INVOLVE PROPRIETARY, NATIONAL SECURITY, OR OTHER SENSITIVE 

INFORMATION. INFORMATION OF THIS TYPE MAY ONLY BE RELEASED TO A PERSON 

WHO IS A UNITED STATES CITIZEN OR A PERMANENT RESIDENT ALIEN AND WHO IS 

AUTHORIZED TO RECEIVE THE INFORMATION. AUTHORIZATION MAY INCLUDE HAVING 

THE APPROPRIATE NATIONAL SECURITY CLEARANCE AND/OR SPECIFIC AUTHORITY TO 

RECEIVE SUCH INFORMATION. SPECIFIC APPROVAL BY DIVISION OR LABORATORY 

MANAGEMENT IS REQUIRED BEFORE ANY INFORMATION ARISING FROM THIS WORK IS 

DISCLOSED AS PER THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE NIST TECHNICAL COMMUNICATIONS 

PROGRAM (ADMIN MANUAL §4.09).
5

LIST OF TABLES

ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................................................... 4

EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND UNCERTAINIES............................................................................. 9

TEST FLUIDS.................................................................................................................................................... 11

MEASUREMENTS AND UNCERTAINTIES................................................................................................ 12

Fluorescence/Mass Calibration................................................................................................................... 12

Application of Calibration ........................................................................................................................... 15

Air Gap Calibration..................................................................................................................................... 17

MEASUREMENT RESULTS .......................................................................................................................... 17

Excess Layer Thickness................................................................................................................................ 17

Freundlich Constants................................................................................................................................... 19

DISSCUSSION................................................................................................................................................... 20

CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................................ 20

NOMENCLATURE........................................................................................................................................... 22

English Symbols........................................................................................................................................... 22

Greek symbols.............................................................................................................................................. 22

English Subscripts........................................................................................................................................ 22

Superscripts ................................................................................................................................................. 23

REFERENCES................................................................................................................................................... 24

 APPENDIX A: EXCITATION AND EMISSION WAVELENGTHS ......................................................... 38

APPENDIX B: DIESEL PROPERTIES.......................................................................................................... 40

Liquid Density.............................................................................................................................................. 40

Kinematic Viscosity...................................................................................................................................... 40

APPENDIX C: HYDROLYZED DIESEL....................................................................................................... 43

APPENDIX D: FLUORESCENCE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE...................................................... 45

APPENDIX E: FLUORESCENCE CALIBRATION..................................................................................... 46

APPENDIX F: LINEAR BEER LAW ............................................................................................................. 51

APPENDIX G: UNCERTAINTIES ................................................................................................................. 53

APPENDIX H: TABULATED MEASUREMENTS....................................................................................... 55

APPENDIX I: SPECTROFLUOROMETER CHECK .................................................................................. 81
6

LIST OF FIGURES 

Fig. 1 Schematic of test loop................................................................................................ 25

Fig. 2 Schematic of spectrofluorometer, test section, and linear positioning device...... 26

Fig. 3 Schematic of right angle spectrofluorometer.......................................................... 27

Fig. 4 Cross-sectional illustration of test section during contamination and flushing... 28

Fig. 5 Schematic of fluorescence/composition calibration jar ....................................... 27

Fig. 6 Overall calibration of Beer-Lambert Bougher law for diesel on copper disk ...... 30

Fig. 7 Demonstration of excess layer thickness measurement ......................................... 31

Fig. 8 Effect of exposure time and flow rate on thickness of the diesel excess layer for a 

0.2 % bulk freestream mass fraction................................................................................... 32

Fig. 9 Effect of exposure time and flow rate on thickness of the diesel excess layer for a 

0.3 % bulk freestream mass fraction................................................................................... 33

Fig. 10 Diesel excess layer thickness as a function of Re for water/diesel (99.8/0.2)...... 34

Fig. 11 Diesel excess layer thickness as a function of Re for water/diesel (99.7/0.3)....... 35

Fig. 12 Normalized Fruendlich constants for diesel adsorption to an oxidized Cu disk 

from diesel contaminated water........................................................................................... 36

Fig. A.1 Emission and excitation spectra for diesel .......................................................... 38

Fig. A.2 Filtered excitation and emission spectra for diesel............................................. 39

Fig. B.1 Measured liquid density of diesel and fit ............................................................. 41

Fig. C.1 Fluorescent emission spectra for pure diesel and hydrolyzed reservoir test 

fluid......................................................................................................................................... 43

Fig. D.1 Temperature dependence of diesel fluorescence................................................. 45

Fig. E.1 Calibration of diesel fluorescence against diesel mass fraction for different runs 

................................................................................................................................................. 48

Fig. E.2 Filtered excitation and emission spectra for diesel ............................................. 49

Fig. E.3 Calibration of diesel fluorescence intensity for fixed film thickness and air gap 

between quartz tube and liquid film ................................................................................... 50

Fig. F.1 Absorbance of diesel for calibration measurements as a function of mass ..........

fraction ................................................................................................................................... 52

Fig. G.1 Relative uncertainty of le for 95 % confidence level and xb = 0.2 %............... 53

Fig. G.2 Relative uncertainty of le for 95 % confidence level and xb = 0.3 %............... 54

Fig. I.1 Verification of spectrofluorometer wavelength with Mercury standard.......... 82
7

LIST OF TABLES 

Table B.1 Diesel liquid density measurements (file:DieDen.dat)..................................... 42

Table B.2 Diesel #2 liquid kinematic viscosity measurements (Simplex, 2006).............. 42

Table H.1.1 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 0 and xb = 0.2 %

................................................................................................................................................. 55

Table H.1.2 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 1900 and 

xb = 0.2 %............................................................................................................................... 56

Table H.1.3 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 3200 and 

xb = 0.2 %............................................................................................................................... 57

Table H.1.4 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 4600 and 

xb = 0.2 %............................................................................................................................... 58

Table H.1.5 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 7000 and 

xb = 0.2 %............................................................................................................................... 59

Table H.1.6 Tap water flushing after Re = 4600 contamination tests at xb = 0.2 %....... 60

Table H.1.7 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 0 and xb = 0.3 %

................................................................................................................................................. 61

Table H.1.8 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 2000 and 

xb = 0.3 %............................................................................................................................... 62

Table H.1.9 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 4000 and 

xb = 0.3 %............................................................................................................................... 63

Table H.1.10 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 5000 and 

xb = 0.3 %............................................................................................................................... 64

Table H.1.11 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 7000 and xb = 

0.3 %....................................................................................................................................... 65 

Table H.1.12 Tap water flushing after Re = 5000 contamination tests at xb = 0.3 %..... 66

Table H.1.13 Tap water flushing after Re = 7000 contamination tests at xb = 0.3 %.... 67

Table H.2.1 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 0 and xb = 0.2 %

................................................................................................................................................. 68

Table H.2.2 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 1900 and 

xb = 0.2 %............................................................................................................................... 69

Table H.2.3 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 3200 and 

xb = 0.2 %............................................................................................................................... 70

Table H.2.4 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 4600 and 

xb = 0.2 %............................................................................................................................... 71

Table H.2.5 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 7000 and 

xb = 0.2 %............................................................................................................................... 72

Table H.2.6 Tap water flushing after Re = 4600 contamination tests at xb = 0.2 %....... 73

Table H.2.7 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 0 and xb = 0.3 %

................................................................................................................................................. 74

Table H.2.8 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 2000 and 

xb = 0.3 %............................................................................................................................... 75

Table H.2.9 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 4000 and 

xb = 0.3 %............................................................................................................................... 76

Table H.2.10 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 5000 and 

xb = 0.3 %............................................................................................................................... 77
8

Table H.2.11 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 7000 and 

xb = 0.3 %............................................................................................................................... 78

Table H.2.12 Tap water flushing after Re = 5000 contamination tests at xb = 0.3 %..... 79

Table H.2.13 Tap water flushing after Re = 7000 contamination tests at xb = 0.3 % 

(file:flsh6c2.tb2)..................................................................................................................... 80

Table I.1 Calibration check of spectrofluorometer against Mercury lamp.................. 881
9

INTRODUCTION 

Since the signing of the Executive Order establishing the Office of Homeland Security, 

Federal agencies have been working on ways to improve the security of the general public. 

One way in which the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is doing its 

part is by helping the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) devise ways to safeguard 

the nation’s drinking water supply. EPA is conducting potable water research with NIST on 

six different efforts. This report describes one of those efforts designed to fundamentally 

understand the attachment and detachment mechanisms of contaminants to solid plumbing 

materials under dynamic water flow conditions. The results of this work provide EPA with 

an investigative tool to support the development of a response to water contamination events 

and a potential detection technique for timely warning of such events. 

The purpose of this study is to apply a NIST fluorescence based measurement technique that 

was developed for measuring the mass of lubricant at the wall during boiling of refrigerants 

(Kedzierski, 2001) to measuring the mass of diesel on a copper pipe surface in the presence 

of flowing water/diesel mixture. In this way, we not only gain vital fundamental modeling 

information but we lay the groundwork for a possible early detection/monitoring system for 

sticky contaminants. Two major efforts have been focused toward the development of an in 

situ fluorescent measurement technique. First, a calibration technique was developed 

specifically for quantifying the amount of diesel on a copper pipe surface. Second, a water 

loop was designed and constructed consisting of a test chamber for subjecting small samples 

of pipe substrate materials to known concentrations of diesel/water solutions under controlled 

dynamic flow conditions. These two efforts have formed the foundation for future work that 

will focus on using the water loop and the calibration technique to measure the accumulation 

and removal of diesel as a function of free-stream diesel concentration and flow rate. 

Commercial diesel was used rather than a chemically simpler surrogate in order to 

demonstrate the use of the technique with an actual potential contaminant. Diesel was also a 

desirable test contaminant because it has been found to exhibit a strong fluorescence. 

However, because of the complexity and the variability of diesel, the diesel for the project 

was restricted to a single batch. In this way, we can ensure the consistency of the properties 

of pure diesel1

 such as its liquid density and fluorescence characteristics. 

 

EXPERIMENTAL APPARATUS AND UNCERTAINIES 

The standard uncertainty (ui) is the positive square root of the estimated variance ui

2

. The 

individual standard uncertainties are combined to obtain the expanded uncertainty (U), which 

is calculated from the law of propagation of uncertainty with a coverage factor. All 

measurement uncertainties are reported at the 95 % confidence level except where specified 

otherwise. 

Figure 1 schematically shows the flow loop for measuring diesel on pipe substrates. The 

primary components of the loop are the pump, the reservoir, and the test chamber with the 

test section. The inside surfaces of the approximately 96 mm x 1.6 mm rectangular flow 

cross-section of the aluminum test chamber, shown in Fig. 2, were black anodized to 

 

1

 “Pure diesel” is used here to denote that the particular batch of diesel, which will be consistently used 

throughout this project, is not mixed with water. 
10

minimize stray light reflections. The channel was designed to have the same flow area as a 

13 mm diameter copper tube. The test chamber had a circular cavity to accept the solid pipe 

test section. The height of the channel was 1.6 mm so that the probe could be flush to the top 

of the test section while maintaining proximity to the test surface for measurement purposes 

without being an obstruction to the flow. A centrifugal pump delivered the contaminated 

water to the entrance of the rectangular test chamber at room temperature. The pump head 

was removable so that it could be easily replaced in order to test a different contaminant. 

The flow rate was controlled and varied by varying the pump speed with a frequency 

inverter. A heat exchanger immersed in the reservoir was supplied with brine from a 

temperature-controlled bath to maintain the entrance temperature to the test chamber at 

ambient temperature (293.8 K). This was done to ensure that the diesel was at the same 

temperature as it was during the fluorescence calibration to avoid the temperature effect on 

fluorescence (Miller, 1981). An additional temperature-controlled bath was used to maintain 

the fluorescence standards at the same ambient temperature. 

Residential copper pipe was used to plumb together the various components of the loop. 

Redundant volume flow rate measurements were made with an ultrasonic doppler and a 

turbine flowmeter with expanded uncertainties of ± 0.12 m3

/h and ± 0.03 m3/h, respectively. 

As shown in Fig. 1, three water pressure taps before and after the test chamber permit the 

measurement of the upstream absolute pressure and the pressure drops along the test section 

with expanded uncertainties of ± 0.24 kPa and ± 1.5 kPa, respectively. Also, a sheathed 

thermocouple measured the water temperature at each end of the test chamber to within an 

uncertainty of ± 0.25 K. The dissolved oxygen level, the conductivity, and the pH, were 

monitored at the water reservoir with associated B-type uncertainties of ± 0.5 %, ± 50 μ

(Ωcm)-1, and ± 0.3, respectively. 

 

Figure 1 also shows the inlet and exit taps that were used to flush the test section with fresh 

tap water. In preparation for flushing, the test section was isolated with valves from the rest 

of the test loop. Then the fluid was drained from the test chamber and returned to the 

reservoir. Next, a tap water supply was connected to a test chamber port. The other test 

chamber port was connected to a filter to absorb any diesel before it was sent to a drain. 

Figure 2 shows a view of the spectrofluorometer that was used to make the fluorescence 

measurements and the test chamber with the fluorescence probe perpendicular to the 

flattened pipe test surface. Figure 3 shows a simplified schematic of the right angle 

spectrofluorometer consisting of a xenon light source, an excitation and an emission 

monochromator, and an emission photomultiplier tube (detector). The spectrofluorometer 

was designed to accept 45 mm × 10 mm × 10 mm fluorescent samples or cuvettes filled with 

fluorescent material. A special adapter with lenses and mirrors, which replaced the cuvette 

holder, was fabricated to remotely excite and measure fluorescence via a bifurcated optical 

bundle. Two optical bundles consisting of 84 fibers each originated from the 

spectrofluorometer. One of the bundles transmitted the excitation light, i.e., the incident 

intensity (Io), to the test pipe surface. The other bundle carried the emission, i.e, the 

fluorescence intensity (F), from the test surface to the spectrofluorometer. The optical 

bundles originating from the spectrofluorometer merge transmitting and receiving fibers 

randomly into a single probe before entering the test section chamber. The sensor end of the 
11

fluorescence probe is sheathed with a quartz tube to protect it from reacting with the 

contaminant in the test fluid. 

As the name suggests, right angle spectrometry was designed to limit the interference of the 

excitation signal on the emission signal by orientating the detector perpendicular to the beam 

of the emission monochromator. Considering this, the parallel configuration of the excitation 

and emission at the measuring end of the bifurcated optical bundle as shown in Fig. 2 is not 

ideal but was necessary for this application. The parallel configuration allows the reflection 

of the excitation from the copper surface to be transmitted through the emission fiber optics 

and to the detector. This can be a serious limitation given that the reflected excitation can 

overwhelm the emission signal even if the emission wavelength (λm) and the excitation 

wavelength (λx) differ because: (1) the excitation intensity can be several orders of 

magnitude greater than that of the fluorescence emission, and (2) the filtering process of the 

emission monochromator is not complete enough to entirely remove the reflected wave. The 

filtering process of the monochromator supplies the detector with an intensity that is 

distributed about the desired wavelength but with relatively small tails at larger and smaller 

wavelengths. Consequently, if the excitation intensity is very large, the tails of the excitation 

distribution can be greater than the peak emission intensity. A successful remedy for 

reducing the interference of the excitation signal was to place a 10 nm bandwidth bandpass 

interference filters at the exit of the excitation monochromator and one before the entrance to 

the excitation monochromator. Figure 3 schematically shows the placement of the bandpass 

interference filters. 

The excitation wavelength and the emission wavelength were set to 434 nm and 485 nm, 

respectively, for all tests. As Appendix A details, the choice of these wavelengths ensured 

that a significant and measurable emission signal was obtained with no measurable overlap 

of the excitation and emission spectra. 

TEST FLUIDS 

A 2 % by mass diesel mixture was prepared with local Gaithersburg, MD tap water and the 

mixture was left to form a colloid for approximately 3 months to provide sufficient time for 

the diesel and the water to reach equilibrium. While the method of preparation may not 

reflect the most likely contamination scenario, the methodology does provide a consistent 

test fluid for examining the effect of flow rate on contamination because the flow rate is 

varied for fixed fluid properties. The measured dissolved oxygen level, the conductivity, and 

the pH, of the water at 24 oC before mixing with diesel were found to be, 86.4 %, 

358 μΩ/cm, and 7.04, respectively. Number 2 diesel fuel was used from a single batch 

throughout the experiment to avoid property variations that might be caused by batch 

variations due to it being a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. Appendix B provides the 

measured viscosity and density of the pure diesel liquid. 

Because diesel is a complex mixture, its hydrolysis results in a dispersed phase of differing 

components that reside in separate regions of the colloid depending on the density, dispersion 

size, and hydrophobic nature of each component. If quiescent, the test reservoir had a stable 

Brownian suspension within the bulk water, which likely differed chemically from the 

dispersed phase that floated on top of the bulk liquid, and that which rested on the bottom of 
12

the reservoir. The result of and the evidence for a chemical breakdown of the diesel is given 

in Appendix C, which shows that the peak fluorescence emission for the emulsified water 

diesel mixture taken from the reservoir exists at a wavelength that is 25 nm greater than that 

of pure diesel. Because of the hydrolysis of diesel, positive and/or negative bias errors are 

likely to occur in the mass measurement depending on the individual spectra of the 

fluorescing components of the hydrolyzed diesel. For example, a positive bias error may 

result because nonfluorescent components that contributed to the diesel mass during the 

calibration may not deposit on the surface. Likewise, a negative bias error may occur 

because the peak intensity of the fluorescent material on the test surface has shifted from that 

of the calibration. 

The hydrolysis of the diesel and the configuration of the inlet and the outlet of the reservoir 

influence the flow in the test section. As shown schematically in Fig.1, the opening of the 

pump suction line in the reservoir is situated approximately 10 mm below the liquid-air 

interface. This design entrains the hydrolyzed diesel floating on the water surface with that 

in the bulk water, and on the bottom of the reservoir into the pumped flow. The return flow 

entering the bottom of the reservoir ensured good flow mixing. Figure 4 depicts the colloidal 

flow within the test section and the fluorescent measurement probe above it for the 

contamination and decontamination test conditions. The size of the droplets in the dispersed 

flow is exaggerated for illustration purposes. Both test conditions are shown to have an 

excess layer thickness (le) of undiluted hydrolyzed diesel adsorbed to the test surface. 

Because the molar mass of the diesel is unknown, the surface excess density (Γ) is defined in 

the work on a mass basis as (Kedzierski, 2001): 

e d bb Γ = − l x ( ) ρ ρ (1) 

The density of liquid diesel is ρd. The density of the bulk mixture ρb is evaluated at the bulk 

mass fraction of the mixture (xb). The surface excess density is roughly the mass of diesel 

attached per surface area. The Γ and le are the primary measurements of this study. 

MEASUREMENTS AND UNCERTAINTIES 

Fluorescence/Mass Calibration

Fluorescence as a means for detecting a contaminant has its advantages in that its absorption 

and fluorescence spectra are like a fingerprint that can be used in its identification. 

Consequently, by isolating the wavelength of light that the contaminant fluoresces, its 

intensity can be used to identify its mass. This is true even when the contaminant is mixed 

with another fluorescent or nonfluorescent substance as long as the fluorescent substance 

does not absorb and emit at the same wavelengths as the contaminant. For this reason, the 

tap water was examined and it was not found to fluoresce at any wavelength for any 

excitation wavelengths between the range or 200 nm and 800 nm. Consequently, 

interference from water is not possible via it contributing to the intensity of the fluorescence 

signal. 

The calibration technique that was developed here for detecting the mass of diesel on a 

copper surface exposed to a flowing dilute mixture of diesel in water is introduced in the 

following. Two different calibration methods had to be combined due to the additional 
13

complexity caused by immiscible liquids. Both calibration techniques were used to quantify 

different functional aspects of the Beer-Lambert-Bougher law (Amadeo et al., 1971), which 

forms the basis of the calibration equation. The first method is essentially the same as the 

original NIST calibration method that was used to detect lubricants on boiling surfaces 

(Kedzierski, 2002). This methodology was used to obtain the relationship between diesel 

composition and fluorescence intensity for a fixed light path length (fixed probe height above 

the test surface).2

 The second method, that was developed in this study, relies on a 

perpendicular traverse of the flow stream with the measurement probe. To achieve this, a 

linear positioning device with a graduated knob was adapted to the quartz tube as shown in 

Fig. 2. The second method (traverse method) is used to calibrate the effect of contaminant 

thickness (path length) and the proximity of incident intensity. The traverse method is 

essential for splitting the total measured fluorescent intensity into two components: that from 

the diesel on the test surface and that from the diesel in the bulk flow stream. In this way, the 

mass of diesel on the test surface and the composition of the fluid stream are determined. 

Figure 5 shows the vessel that was used in the first method to calibrate the fluorescence 

intensity received from the bifurcated optical bundle against the mass fraction of diesel. The 

lid of the 150 mL black, anodized, metal jar had a port for evacuation3 and filling of the test 

sample and a fitting to seal around the stainless tube that pierced the lid. The stainless tube 

had a quartz tube and a quartz bottom welded to its end and it was the same type that was 

used in the test chamber of Fig. 2. A disk of copper pipe material was placed on the bottom 

of the jar. By using the same material and surface roughness, the disk and the test pipe had 

the same reflective properties. Copper from a flattened pipe was evenly oxidized by 

electrolysis and soldered to the top of the calibration disk that had circumferentially 

machined grooves for sealing in the test chamber. The same disk was used as the calibration 

disk and the test surface to compensate for unknown surface effects. The distance between 

the top of the calibration disk and the bottom of the quartz tube was set with the aid of a 1.6 

mm Teflon4 gauge disk and micrometer dial indicators. This fixes the path length of the 

fluorescence and the mass of fluorescent liquid below the probe. During calibration, the jar 

and the portion of the quartz tube above the lid were covered with black insulation to prevent 

the optical probe from receiving ambient light. The probe rested on the inside-bottom of the 

quartz tube. 

Three jars were used to calibrate the mass fraction of diesel to the fluorescent intensity. Two 

jars were used as standards to set the lower (0) and upper (100) limits of the intensity signal 

on the spectrofluorometer. A jar that contained only pure water was used to zero the 

intensity. Because light intensities are additive, the zeroing ensured that the reflected 

 

2

 The first method would have been sufficient had the bulk composition of the flow remained the same as it was 

charged in the reservoir. Due to the immiscibility of the two fluids, the bulk composition of the flow differs 

from that in the reservoir. 

3

 It has been found that weak evacuation of a vessel containing diesel does not measurably change its 

fluorescent characteristics. 

4

 Certain trade names and company products are mentioned in the text or identified in an illustration in order to 

adequately specify the experimental procedure and equipment used. In no case does such an identification 

imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply 

that the products are necessarily the best available for the purpose. 
14

excitation wave and other effects were not attributed to fluorescence. A second jar that 

contained pure diesel was used to set the intensity on the spectrofluorometer to 100. The 

third jar was used to measure and record the intensity of various mixtures of diesel and 

nonfluorescent n-decane of different concentrations. N-decane was used instead of water 

because it was miscible with diesel and also non-fluorescent. As an additional precaution, all 

raw-measured intensities (Fr) were numerically normalized by the intensity from the zero-jar 

(F0) and the maximum-jar (F100): 

r 0

100 0

F F F

F F

− = − (2) 

where the intensity of the contamination data was adjusted (see Appendix D) by no more 

than 0.3 % to account for the small (typically within ± 1 K) difference in temperature 

between the test section and the bath containing the maximum- and the zero-jars. The 

maximum correction for the flushing data was greater (1.5 %) than for the contamination 

measurements due to the colder temperature of the house tap water. 

Evacuation of the jar was done to prevent fluorescence quenching by oxygen (Guilbault, 

1967). N-decane was used because it is miscible with diesel. Calibration measurements 

proceed by successively adding or removing diesel in appropriately small increments. As 

shown in Appendix E, the fluorescence intensity was fitted linearly with respect to the diesel 

mass fraction to within a residual standard deviation of ± 1.2 %. 

The second calibration method involved pure diesel alone and varying the thickness of the 

diesel below the quartz probe to determine the effect of the proximity of the incident light (Io) 

and its path length (l). For these tests, the probe was traversed through the diesel and diesel 

thickness below the quartz probe was synonymous with the path length. As shown in Fig. 2, 

a linear positioning device with a graduated knob was used to locate the quartz tube relative 

to the test surface and thus measure the path length of the incident light through the diesel. 

The measured fluorescent intensity versus the path length was non-linear as shown in 

Appendix E. Given that the intensity versus mass fraction followed a linear relationship, the 

nonlinear aspect of the intensity versus l was due to the variation in the incident intensity 

with l. For this reason, further calibrations were done with fixed diesel film thickness and 

variable path lengths and it was observed that 1 dF

F dl was approximately constant for all 

ranges of the F and l traverse data for fixed diesel film thickness. This demonstrates the 

exponential dependence of Io with the proximity of the probe to the diesel (l) and that this 

was the cause of the nonlinear calibration with respect to l. The Io path length effect is 

known as excitation absorbance (Herman, 1998), which results from the diesel nearest to the 

light source receiving more excitation than the diesel that is further away. 

The linear form of the Beer-Lambert-Bougher law (Amadeo et al., 1971) was used to 

correlate the measured intensity of the fluorescence emission (F) to the mass of diesel: 

F I cl cl = Φ→ ≤ 2.3 0.05 oε ε[ ] (3) 
15

Here c is the concentration of the fluorescent diesel, which can be rewritten as a product of 

the bulk contaminant (diesel) mass fraction (xb) and the bulk liquid mixture density (ρb) 

divided by the molar mass of the contaminant (Mc). Appendix F shows that the linear criteria 

for eq. (3) (εcl ≤ 0.05) is satisfied for 78% of the calibration data and the absorbance (εcl) 

did not exceed 0.063. In addition, the use of the full, nonlinear Beer-Lambert-Bougher law 

did not reduce the residual standard deviation of the fit. Consequently, use of the linear form 

of the law is justified. 

The mixture densities were calculated on a linear mass weighted basis. The quantum 

efficiency of the fluorescence (Φ), the extinction coefficient (ε), the intensity of the incident 

radiation (Io), and the Mc are all unknowns that are lumped into two regression constants and 

an exponential term to give the regressed calibration of F against xb for diesel as: 

1

m

2

209.23

bb bb

c

2.3 m 1.04735

kg

o l I F lx lx e

M

ε

ρ ρ −

− Φ ⎡ ⎤ = = ⎢ ⎥ ⎣ ⎦

 (4) 

Equation (4) shows that 1

-1 2 -1 209.23m

c 2.3 1.04735 m kg lo IM e ε −

− Φ = ⎡ ⎤ ⎣ ⎦ . The uncertainty of the 

calibration given in eq. (4) is approximately ± 0.2 % of F for the 95 % confidence level. 

Figure 6 shows that the resulting calibration for the flow conditions is linear. The regression 

of the same measurements against the Beer-Lambert-Bougher law (Amadeo et al., 1971) 

gave a greater fit uncertainty suggesting that the linear fit is more appropriate. 

Application of Calibration

Given that Γ and le are the primary measurements of this study, the main use of the 

calibration is to solve for these parameters. For the case where the diesel remains completely 

immiscible with water and has a strong affinity for metal surfaces, an excess layer of pure 

diesel will form on the pipe surface of thickness le. 

Equation 3 can be rearranged to solve for the diesel excess layer thickness by setting the 

mass fraction, and the mixture density to reflect the properties of pure diesel: 

e 01 -1

c d 2.3 o

F l A Al

I Mε ρ

= =+

Φ (5) 

As shown in Fig. 7, le can be regressed to eq. (5) using measurements of F for given values 

of path length (l) and plotted versus l. The two example F versus l data sets shown in Fig. 7 

were obtained by moving the optical bundle closer to the test surface in order to vary the path 

length. As illustrated by the open circles, most of the resulting values of le for a given data 

set were directly proportional to l; hence, a linear relationship with respect to l including 

fitting constants A0 and A1 is shown on the rightmost side of eq. (5). Although, eq. (5) can be 

used to calculate as many values of le as long values of F and l can be supplied, it is valid 

only for when the path length and the excess layer thickness coincide (for non-zero bulk 
16

compositions) because it has been derived for pure diesel. This condition can be met by 

setting l to le in the rightmost portion of the eq. (5) and solving for le: 

0

e

1 1

A l

A = − (6) 

For traverse data sets that are not linear for the full range of l, as illustrated by the open 

square symbols in Fig. 7, only the data that is approximately linear near the wall was used to 

generate constants A0 and A1. 

Equation 6 is necessary only for a non-zero bulk mass fraction (xb). For flushing tests, where 

xb = 0, eq. (5) is valid for all e l l ≥ . Consequently, the excess surface density of diesel for 

flushing tests is obtained from an average of the le obtained from eq. (5) and the traverse 

measurements. 

As shown in Appendix G, roughly 85 % of the le measurements have a relative uncertainty of 

less than 25 % for the 95 % confidence level. For these measurements the average 

uncertainty of le is approximately ± 7 % of le. Overall, the average uncertainty of le was 

approximately ± 0.2 μm. 

The bulk mass fraction can be obtained by dividing the total fluorescence signal (F) into its 

components along the path length while assuming a uniform bulk mass fraction. The total 

intensity is the sum of that contributed by the bulk concentration (Fl(xm = xb)) for the entire 

path length and that in the diesel excess layer (Fle(xm = 1)) minus the intensity that would 

have been due to the bulk concentration but did not occur because it was displaced by the 

excess layer (Fle(xm = xb)) 

e e ( ) ( ) ( 1) F Fx x F x x F x = =− =+ = lm b l m b l m (5) 

Substitution of eq. (4) into the components of the above equation and grouping like terms 

gives: 

[ ] -1

c 2.3 F I M lx l x l o b b eb b e d =Φ − + ε ρ ρρ (8) 

Here ρd is the density of liquid diesel. 

When the expression for the linearly mass fraction weighted ρb is subsitituted into eq. (8), its 

solution is quadratic in xb with only one root that is less than or equal to 1. 

( )( )

2

-1

c

b

d d ewd

w w

4

11 1 1 2.3

2 2 1 1

e d

o

F l

I M

x

l l

ρ

ε

ρ ρ ρ ρ

ρ ρ

⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞⎛ ⎞ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ − ⎜ ⎟⎜ ⎟ ⎝ ⎠ Φ =− − − − − −

⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

 (9) 
17

where ρw is the density of liquid tap water. The average uncertainty of xb was approximately 

± 0.002. 

Air Gap Calibration

A secondary methodology was developed that relies on the gradient of F rather than its 

absolute value in order to confirm the measurement of le as obtained from eq. (5) or eq. (6). 

The advantage of a gradient approach would be the elimination of a bias error on the 

measurement of F if it existed. As shown in Fig. 4, part of the excitation is reflected from the 

diesel-air interface and is not available to enduce flourescence. Consequently, the calibration 

must be adjusted to account for the air gap during the drained test chamber measurements. 

Appendix E provides the derivation of the air-gap le and the result is given here as: 

1 ag ag 209.23m

c

e

mm mm

0.0121m kg 0.01156

2.3 m

l

o

dF dF

M e

dl dl l

Ix x ερ ρ

−

−

= =− Φ (10) 

MEASUREMENT RESULTS 

Excess Layer Thickness

The test apparatus shown in Fig. 1 was used to submit an oxidized copper disk to exposure 

tests with two different bulk concentrations of diesel in tap water under varying flow 

conditions. More specifically, contamination measurements over an approximate 200 h time 

period were made for five different Reynolds numbers varying from 0 to 7000: 

b

4 Re

w

m

μ p =  (11) 

where the wetted perimeter of the channel was 195 mm, the viscosity of the mixed bulk flow 

(μb) was calculated using a nonlinear mixture equation, and the mass flow rate ( m ) was 

obtained from the turbine meter. Flushing measurements were done for a fixed Re of 

approximately 5000. The range of Reynolds numbers result from using a range of volume 

flow rates that a half-inch diameter tube would experience in typical buildings. After each 

contamination tests, the test surface was cleaned with acetone and clean tap water. 

Appendix H provides tabulated measurements for both the raw and reduced data. 

Figures 8 provides the measured diesel layer thickness as caused by an exposure to a flowing 

water/diesel (99.8/0.2) mixture, i.e., diesel at approximately 0.2 % bulk mass fraction 

(2000 ppm). The exposure time is the duration of exposure of the test surface to the flow 

starting from when the clean surface was first exposed to a particular flow condition. For all 

flow rates and exposure times, the average le for xb = 0.2 % obtained from the eq. (6) 

methodology was approximately 2.3 μm. 
18

Figures 9 provides the measured diesel layer thickness as caused by an exposure to a flowing 

water/diesel (99.7/0.3) mixture, i.e., diesel at approximately 0.3 % bulk mass fraction 

(3000 ppm). A much larger variability in the measurements is evident for the 0.3 % mass 

fraction than for the 0.2 % mass fraction condition. For all exposure times and Re, the 

average le for xb = 0.3 % was approximately 7.4 μm, which is 5.1 μm (222 %) thicker than 

the average thickness observed for the 0.2 % mass fraction tests. 

Figure 10 crossplots all of the excess layer measurements of Fig. 8 as a function of Re. 

Figure 10 shows that the maximum diesel excess layer thickness of approximately 8 μm 

occurred at a Re near 4800. For Re larger and smaller than 4800, the diesel excess layer was 

thinner. For example, the le for Re near 1900 and 3800 was approximately 1 μm, which is 

nearly eight times less than the maximum le. The le for Re greater than 6000 was 

approximately 3 μm. Figure 11 crossplots all of the excess layer measurements of Fig. 9 

(the 0.3 % mass fraction tests) as a function of Re. Figure 11 shows that the maximum film 

thickness of approximately 26 nm occurred at a Re of approximately 4000. Consequently, a 

maximum for the diesel adsorption exists near a Re of 4000 for both freestream 

concentrations. The dashed lines given in Figs. 10 and 11 represent the maximum measured 

excess layer for each range of Re tests. The variation in Re for a given set of tests for “fixed” 

Re was caused by an approximate 1 % variation in the water temperature during startup and 

the an approximate 15 % variation in the water flow during the nearly 200 h test duration. 

Filled symbols in Figs. 8 and 10, shown between 150 h and 200 h, represent le measurements 

that were made at the end of the exposure tests after the test section was drained using the 

air-gap technique as a secondary measurement technique. For the water/diesel (99.8/0.2), 

mixture all three of the drain checks were within ± 1.5 μm of the measurements that were 

made while the test fluid was flowing. For example, for the air-gap check obtained using eq. 

(10) for the Re near 7000 condition produced a le near 3 μm, while the last measurement 

made with eq. (6) produced a le near 3.7 μm. Similarly, eq. (6) produced a le of 

approximately 2 μm for both the no-flow and the 3200-Re tests, while the eq. (10) check 

resulted in 3.5 μm and 1 μm for le, respectively. For the water/diesel (99.7/0.3) mixture, all 

three of the drain checks for the flushing data were also within ± 1.5 μm of the measurements 

that were made while the test fluid was flowing giving 0.5 μm and -0.5 μm, respectively. 

However, the agreement between the empty and filled test chamber tests was not as good for 

the water/diesel (99.7/0.3) mixture for the 7000-Re contamination measurements. For 

example, the air-gap check for the Re near 7000 condition produced a le near 5 μm, while the 

last measurement made with eq. (4) produced a le near 2 μm. 

Flushing tests done after the water/diesel (99.8/0.2) 4800-Re contamination tests are shown 

in Fig. 8. The flushing measurements start at an le near 6.5 μm, which agrees with the value 

of le at the end of the 4600-Re contamination tests, thus, confirming the repeatability of the 

measurement technique. The le decreased from approximately 6.5 μm to approximately 

1.5 μm after flushing for approximately 55 h. This corresponds roughly to a 0.09 μm/h 

removal rate and a 77 % reduction of the total diesel thickness over 55 h. 
19

The flushing tests shown in Fig. 10 performed after the 5000-Re water/diesel (99.7/0.3) 

contamination tests, likewise start at approximately the same le (1.5 μm) as where the 

previous contamination test ended, again demonstrating good repeatability. After 

approximately 20 h of flushing, the 5000-Re contaminant thickness was reduced to 

approximately –0.5 nm. Given the uncertainty of the measurement, most all of the diesel has 

been removed by flushing with clean tap water. The removal rate achieved after the 5000-

Re, 0.3 % mass fraction (3000 ppm) contamination tests (0.1 μm/h) agrees closely with that 

achieved for the flushing tests done after the 4600-Re, 0.2 % mass fraction (2000 ppm) 

contamination tests. This suggests a constant removal rate of approximately 0.1 μm/h of 

diesel from a copper surface for a flushing Re of 5000 that is independent of initial thickness 

and original contamination concentration. No removal rate could be calculated for the 

flushing tests done after the 7000-Re water/diesel (99.7/0.3) because the tests produced an le

near –0.5 nm for nearly all measurement times. 

Freundlich Constants

For sorption systems, the Freundlich constant (K) relates the equilibrium solid-phase 

concentration (cs) to the equilibrium concentration of the bulk liquid-phase (cl) as 

(Schwarzenbach et al., 2003): 

n

s l c Kc = (12) 

where the Freundlich exponent (n) determines the rate of sorption to the solid surface. 

Equation 12 can be rewritten in terms of the excess surface density and the mass fraction of 

the bulk liquid as: 

( )

n

n b b

b b

s c

ˆ ρ Γ ρ

⎛ ⎞ = = ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ ⎠

K x K x

a M (13) 

where the constant as is the specific surface area of the solid defined as the surface area per 

mass of solid. Here K is normalized by the constant as and the molar mass of the 

contaminant raised to the n-1 power ( 1 n

c

−

M ) to give Kˆ . 

Because the present measurements do not sufficiently span the free stream concentration 

variable to accurately determine the Freundlich exponent, it was assumed that the dieselwater-copper system behaved as one with constant sorption free energies giving a linear 

isotherm with n = 1. Using this assumption, the normalized “Freundlich constants” were 

obtained by averaging measurements for a particular Re test for exposure times greater than 

50 h in order to approach an equilibrium or steady state value for Kˆ . All of the le

measurements, for a given Re test, appeared to be nearly constant after 50 h of exposure. 

Consequently, it was assumed that a balance between diesel deposition and removal had been 

achieved. 
20

Figure 12 shows the normalized Freundlich constant as a function of Re for the two different 

bulk concentrations of this study. The figure shows that Kˆ varies between near zero to 

values approaching 0.015 m. For Re less than 4000, the Kˆ behaves as expected with values 

for the 0.3 % bulk mass fraction being larger than those for the 0.2 % bulk mass fraction. 

However, for Re greater than 4000, the opposite behavior is observed, with Kˆ ’s for the 

0.2 % mass fraction being larger than those for the 0.3 % mass fraction. Considering that a 

Re of 4000 is beyond the transition Re (from laminar to turbulent flow)5

 and within the 

transition region, no explanation can be offered at this time for the crossover phenomenon. 

DISCUSSION 

Because of its derivation from thermodynamics, the Freundlich constant given in eq. (12) is 

associated with chemical and/or physical equilibrium between the liquid-phase and the solidphase concentrations. The measured phenomenon of the present study cannot be expressed 

in terms of a solid-phase concentration. The solid is not soluble with respect to the 

contaminant. Rather, the contaminant is located at the solid surface. As a result, the 

normalized “Freundlich constant” given by eq. (13) ( Kˆ ) may not necessarily represent 

thermodynamic equilibrium. The Kˆ may be influenced by physical forces other than Van der 

Waals like flow and pressure forces. For this reason, the variation of the normalized 

Freundlich constant with respect to Re for fixed liquid-phase concentration is not prohibited 

by thermodynamics. 

It is difficult to estimate the effect of the hydrolyzed diesel on the measurements, but it has 

likely introduced an unknown bias error to measurements. Future test with fresh diesel and 

water mixtures that have not had time to hydrolyze would reduce or eliminate the bias error. 

CONCLUSIONS 

A detailed account of the development of a fluorescence based measurement technique for 

measuring the mass of contaminant on solid surfaces in the presence of water flow has been 

provided. A test apparatus was designed and developed to use the fluorescent properties of 

diesel for the purpose of studying its adsorption and desorption to and from an oxidized 

copper test surface. A calibration technique was developed to measure both the mass of 

diesel adsorbed per unit surface area (the excess surface density) and the bulk concentration 

of the hydrolyzed diesel in the flow. 

The measured diesel excess surface density that was adsorbed to the surface varied between 

zero and 0.02 kg/m2

 for Reynolds numbers between zero and 7000. A maximum for the 

diesel adsorption was observed near a Re of 4000 for both nominal bulk mass fractions of 

0.2 % and 0.3 % diesel. For the most part, the thickness of the diesel excess surface density 

remained less than 10 μm. The exception to these excess layer measurements was the 0.3 % 

bulk mass fraction with Re = 4000 measurements that peaked near 25 μm. 

In an effort to model the adsorption of diesel to copper, normalized Freundlich constants 

were calculated based on a linear isotherm and found to vary between near zero and 0.015 m. 

 

5

 The transition Re would be 2300 if the hydraulic diameter concept prevails, and 3000 (Schlichting, 1979) if 

the flow is considered to be one between infinite flat plates. 
21

Most of the Freundlich constants were less than 0.005 m. In addition, flushing tests suggest a 

constant removal rate of approximately 0.1 μm/h of diesel from a copper surface that is 

independent of initial thickness and original contamination concentration. The 

measurements show that most all of the diesel has been removed to within the uncertainty of 

the measurement procedure by flushing with clean tap water. 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

This work was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) under contract 

#DW-13-92167701-0, with the guidance of project manager Mr. V. Gallardo. Thanks go to 

the following NIST personnel for their constructive criticism of the first draft of the 

manuscript: Dr. S. Treado, and Dr. P. Domanski. Thanks goes to the Mr. V. Gallardo of 

EPA for his constructive criticism of the second draft of the manuscript. Furthermore, the 

author extends appreciation to Mr. D. Wilmering for taking the measurements and 

conquering the difficult machining and design problems encountered in the project. 
22

NOMENCLATURE 

English Symbols

A regression constants in eq. (5) 

as specific surface area, m2

 kg-1

c concentration, mol m-3

F fluorescence intensity 

Fr raw fluorescence intensity measurement 

Io incident intensity, V 

K Freundlich constant, mol·kg-1 

Kˆ normalized Freundlich constant, m 

l path length, m 

le thickness of excess layer, m 

Mc molar mass of contaminant, kg mol-1

m mass flow rate, kg s-1

Re Reynolds number 

n Freundlich exponent 

pw wetted perimeter of channel, m 

T temperature, K 

U expanded uncertainty 

ui standard uncertainty 

x mass fraction of diesel 

Greek symbols

β coefficient of temperature dependence, K-1 

Γ surface excess density, kg m-2

ε extinction coefficient 

λ wavelength, m 

μ dynamic viscosity, kg m-1 s-1

ν kinematic viscosity, m2 s-1 

ρ mass density of liquid, kg m-3

Φ quantum efficiency of fluorescence 

English Subscripts

0 zero reference jar 

100 maximum reference jar 

a ambient 

ag air gap 

b bulk 

d pure diesel 

e excess layer 

i inlet 

l liquid 

le excess layer 

m emission, mixture 

ng no air gap 

o outlet or exit 
23

s solid surface 

Tb reference bath temperature 

TT test section temperature 

x excitation 

w tap water 

Superscripts

- average 
24

REFERENCES 

Amadeo, J. P., Rosén C., and Pasby, T. L., 1971, Fluorescence Spectroscopy An Introduction 

for Biology and Medicine, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, p. 153. 

Guilbault, G. G., 1967, Fluorescence: Theory, Instrumentation, and Practice, Edward Arnold 

LTD., London, pp. 91-95. 

Herman, B., 1998, Fluorescence Microscopy, 2nd ed., Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., pp. 

69 –71. 

Kedzierski, M. A., 2003, ”Effect of Bulk Lubricant Concentration on the Excess Surface 

Density During R134a Pool Boiling with Extensive Measurement and Analysis Details,” 

NISTIR 7051, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, D.C. 

Kedzierski, M. A., 2002, ”Use of Fluorescence to Measure the Lubricant Excess Surface 

Density During Pool Boiling,” Int. J. Refrigeration, Vol. 25, pp.1110-1122. 

Kedzierski, M. A., 2001, ”Use of Fluorescence to Measure the Lubricant Excess Surface 

Density During Pool Boiling,” NISTIR 6727, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, 

D.C. 

Miller, J. N., 1981, Volume Two Standards in Fluorescence Spectrometry, Chapman and 

Hall, London, pp. 44-67. 

Reader, J, Corliss, C. H., Wiese, W. L., and Martin, G. A., 1980, "Wavelengths and 

Transition Probabilities of Atoms and Atomic Ions", NSRDS-National Bureau of Standards 

#68, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington. 

Schlichting, H., 1979, Boundary-Layer Theory, McGraw-Hill, New York, pg. 591. 

Schwarzenbach, R. P., Gschwend, P. M., and Imboden, D., M., 2003, Environmental Organic 

Chemistry, 2nd ed., Wiley, NJ, pp 281-283. 

Simplex, 2006, http://www.simplexdirect.com/FuelSupply/mainten04.html 
25

Fig. 1 Schematic of test loop 
26

Fig. 2 Schematic of spectrofluorometer, test section, and linear positioning device 
27

 

Fig. 3 Schematic of right angle spectrofluorometer 
28

Fig. 4 Cross-sectional illustration of test section during contamination and flushing 
29

Fig. 5 Schematic of fluorescence/composition calibration jar 
30

 

Fig. 6 Overall calibration of Beer-Lambert Bougher law for diesel on copper disk 
31

Fig. 7 Demonstration of excess layer thickness measurement 
32

Fig. 8 Effect of exposure time and flow rate on thickness of the diesel excess 

layer for a 0.2 % bulk freestream mass fraction 
33

 

Fig. 9 Effect of exposure time and flow rate on thickness of the diesel excess 

layer for a 0.3 % bulk freestream mass fraction 
34

Fig. 10 Diesel excess layer thickness as a function of Re for water/diesel (99.8/0.2) 
35

Fig. 11 Diesel excess layer thickness as a function of Re for water/diesel (99.7/0.3) 
36

Fig. 12 Normalized Fruendlich constants for diesel adsorption to an 

oxidized Cu disk from diesel contaminated water 
37

APPENDIX A: EXCITATION AND EMISSION WAVELENGTHS 

Appendix A describes the methodology used to select the excitation and emission 

wavelengths to ensure that a significant and measurable emission signal was obtained with 

no measurable overlap of the excitation and emission spectra. 

The wavelengths for the excitation and emission light that gave the best compromise between 

emission intensity strength with minimal interference from the excitation were chosen based 

on the following analysis. Figure A.1 shows the analysis of the emission and excitation 

spectra of pure diesel in a cuvette. The test sample was placed directly in the sample 

chamber of the right angle spectrofluorometer. The excitation wavelength that produced the 

maximum fluorescence emission was iteratively found by scanning through both excitation 

and emission wavelengths. The excitation and emission wavelengths for diesel that produced 

the largest intensities were located approximately at 451 nm and 484 nm, respectively. 

It is immediately apparent that filtering of both the excitation and the emission is required to 

reduce the overlap of the two spectra. Because of the parallel light configuration of the probe 

incident to the test surface, both excitation and emission light will be introduced to the 

detector if the light is not filtered. A 429 nm bandpass filter was chosen to filter the 

excitation before it got to the test surface. And a 490 nm bandpass filter was used to filter the 

emission intensity before it was sent to the detector. Figure A.2 shows the filtered spectra 

from the optical probe in a jar of diesel. The filtering process as successfully separated the 

emission and excitation peaks (485 nm and 435 nm, respectively) and removed the overlap of 

the two spectra. Because the interference filters have a finite bandwidth, an excitation filter 

centered at 450 nm would have resulted in some overlapping of the spectra. For this reason, 

a smaller wavelength was chosen for the excitation signal. 
38

Fig. A.1 Emission and excitation spectra for diesel 
39

Fig. A.2 Filtered excitation and emission spectra for diesel 
40

APPENDIX B: DIESEL PROPERTIES 

This appendix presents the measurements and the correlation of the density (ρd) and the 

kinematic viscosity (νd) for the liquid #2 diesel fuel used in this experiment. 

Liquid Density

The density of the liquid diesel was measured as a function of temperature with a glass 

pycnometer. The pycnometer was factory instrumented with a glass mercury thermometer 

with a range of 14°C to 38°C in 0.2° graduations, accurate to within ± 0.2 K. The 

pycnometer was filled with distilled water and its volume was calculated from the known 

density of water. The volume was found over five trails to be 9.84 mL with a standard 

uncertainty of 0.01 mL. 

The pycnometer containing diesel was cooled in an ice bath and then removed from the bath 

and allowed to warm on the balance to room temperature over approximately one hour. The 

standard uncertainty of the balance was approximately 1 mg. The outside of the pycnometer 

was wiped clean before each measurement to remove the diesel that was expelled through the 

pipette due to volume expansion with temperature increase. 

The Biot number for the warming pycnometer was estimated to be approximately 0.5, which 

is greater than the recommended limit of 0.1 (Incropera and Dewitt, 1985) for a uniform 

temperature in fluid. It is difficult to estimate the error introduced in the measurements due 

to temperature gradients that existed in the diesel. However, the data regression shows that 

the residuals are independent of temperature, which suggests that the error due to temperature 

gradients in the liquid had a negligible effect on the density measurements. 

Table B.1 shows the recorded measurements for two days. Equation B.1 gives the fit of the 

liquid diesel density (ρd) in kg/m3

 versus temperature (T) in Kelvin: 

d ρ = − 1056.29 0.700T B.1 

The expanded uncertainty of the fit was approximately ± 0.2 kg/m3

 for 95 % confidence. 

Kinematic Viscosity

The kinematic viscosity of the liquid diesel (νd) was measured at room temperature 

(approximately 297.6 K) with a glass viscometer and found to be 3.93 μm2

/s ± 0.024 μm2/s. 

Kinematic viscosity measurements from Simplex (2006) for #2 diesel fuel shown in 

Table B.2 were used to obtain the trend of viscosity with respect to temperature. This was 

done by using the same slope of the linear lnν versus T-1 fit for the Simplex (2006) data with 

an intercept that reproduced our single viscosity measurement. The following correlation 

reproduces the single room temperature value for our batch of diesel and temperature 

dependence of the Simplex (2006) diesel data: 

2 9 2020.17 / ( )

d ( / ) 4.434 10 T K ν ms e − = × (B.2) 
41

Fig. B.1 Measured liquid density of diesel and fit 
42

Table B.1 Diesel liquid density measurements (file:DieDen.dat) 

T (°C) T (K) diesel 

mass 

(g) 

ρd (kg/m3) 

14.00 287.15 8.42 855.28 

14.50 287.65 8.41 854.88 

15.00 288.15 8.41 854.57 

15.50 288.65 8.40 854.17 

16.00 289.15 8.40 853.86 

16.50 289.65 8.40 853.46 

17.00 290.15 8.39 853.05 

17.50 290.65 8.39 852.74 

18.00 291.15 8.39 852.34 

18.50 291.65 8.38 852.03 

19.00 292.15 8.38 851.73 

19.50 292.65 8.38 851.32 

20.00 293.15 8.37 851.02 

20.50 293.65 8.37 850.71 

21.00 294.15 8.37 850.41 

21.50 294.65 8.36 850.00 

22.00 295.15 8.36 849.59 

22.50 295.65 8.36 849.29 

23.00 296.15 8.35 848.88 

23.50 296.65 8.35 848.48 

24.00 297.15 8.35 848.17 

24.50 297.65 8.34 847.87 

24.80 297.95 8.34 847.66 

14.00 287.15 8.42 855.28 

14.50 287.65 8.41 854.88 

15.00 288.15 8.41 854.47 

15.50 288.65 8.40 854.06 

16.00 289.15 8.40 853.76 

16.50 289.65 8.40 853.35 

17.00 290.15 8.39 852.95 

17.50 290.65 8.39 852.64 

18.00 291.15 8.39 852.24 

18.50 291.65 8.38 851.93 

19.00 292.15 8.38 851.63 

19.50 292.65 8.38 851.22 

20.00 293.15 8.37 850.91 

20.50 293.65 8.37 850.61 

21.00 294.15 8.37 850.30 

21.50 294.65 8.36 850.00 

22.00 295.15 8.36 849.59 

22.50 295.65 8.36 849.19 

23.00 296.15 8.35 848.88 

23.50 296.65 8.35 848.58 

24.00 297.15 8.35 848.17 

24.50 297.65 8.34 847.87 

24.80 297.95 8.34 847.56 

Table B.2 Diesel #2 liquid kinematic viscosity measurements (Simplex, 2006) 

T (o F) T (K) νd (SUS) νd (μm2

/s)

30 272.04 138 27.6 

60 288.71 70 14 

80 299.82 53.6 10.72 

100 310.93 45.5 9.1 

130 327.59 39 7.8 
43

APPENDIX C: HYDROLYZED DIESEL 

Figure C.1 compares the fluorescent emission spectrum for pure diesel to that of the 

hydrolyzed diesel in water mixture as taken from the reservoir of the test chamber. Both 

fluids where excited in quartz cuvettes at a wavelength of 451 nm with 2.5 nm slits in the 

spectrofluorometer. The fluid from the test reservoir was mostly the bulk phase of the water 

where the hydrolyzed diesel was stably suspension within the bulk water and at approximately 

0.15 % mass fraction of diesel. The mass fraction was determined from the relative peak 

intensities of the reservoir fluid to that of the pure diesel for these cuvette tests. No 

interference filters were used in the sample chamber of the spectrofluorometer. Evidence for 

a chemical breakdown of the diesel is based on the fact that the peak fluorescence emission 

for the emulsified water diesel exists at a wavelength that is 25 nm greater than that of pure 

diesel.

Fig. C.1 Fluorescent emission spectra for pure diesel and hydrolyzed reservoir test 

fluid 
44

APPENDIX D: FLUORESCENT TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE

This appendix presents the measurements and the methodology that were used to determine 

the coefficient of temperature dependence (β) for the fluorescent intensity of diesel 

(Kedzierski, 2003). All of the measurements and settings were made with the excitation set to 

434 nm and the emission measured at 485 nm with the additional spectrofluorometer filters in 

place as described in Appendix A. Pure diesel was cooled from nominally 303 K to 279 K for 

two sets of 500 measurements in a temperature controlled liquid bath. The temperature of the 

mixture was measured with a sheathed thermocouple that was in the controlled temperature 

bath with the maximum- and zero-jars. The fluorescence intensity of the maximum-jar as a 

function of bath temperature is given in Fig. D.1. 

The temperature dependence of the fluorescence can be expressed as the ratio of the 

fluorescence intensity at the bath temperature ( Tb F ) to the intensity evaluated at the test 

section temperature ( TT F ) for all other variables held constant (Kedzierski, 2003): 

b ( ) b T

T

T T T

T

F

e

F

β − = (D.1) 

where the coefficient of temperature dependence of the fluorescence (β) was found to be 

approximately 0.00156 for the diesel data set shown in Fig. D.1. 

Equation D.1 is used to account for any difference between the temperature of the bath that 

holds the fluorescent standard jars and the temperature of the test section. The target test 

section fluid temperature for the contamination tests is the same as the fluorescent standard 

bath temperature. As a result, for approximately 85 % of the contamination measurements, 

the test section temperature differed no more than ± 1 K from the bath temperature, which 

would have resulted in an adjustment in the fluorescence with eq. (D.1) by no more than 

± 0.2 %. The largest difference between the temperature of the jar bath and the average 

temperature of the test section for the contamination tests was approximately 4.5 K, which 

corresponds to a 0.3 % correction of the fluorescence intensity. Flushing tests required larger 

corrections via eq. (D.1). Flushing was done with house tap water that was as much as 10 K 

colder than the jar bath temperature, which resulted in a maximum correction of 1.5 % of the 

fluorescence intensity. 
45

Fig. D.1 Temperature dependence of diesel fluorescence 
46

APPENDIX E: FLUORESCENCE CALIBRATION 

This appendix provides more detail on the procedure that was developed and used to calibrate 

the fluorescence intensity of diesel against mass fraction, path length, air gap, and fluid 

properties. All calibration measurements were done on a copper disk that was flattened from 

a pipe and evenly oxidized by electrolysis. Appendix I shows how the functionality of the 

spectrofluorometer was verified. 

Figure E.1 shows the calibration of the fluorescence intensity of diesel against diesel mass 

fraction for fixed path length. The temperature of the diesel in the 150 mL calibration jar 

(shown in Fig. 6) was held constant at approximately 294 K. The diesel was mixed with nonfluorescent n-decane in order to dilute the diesel to the desired mass fraction. Unlike water, 

n-decane was miscible with diesel. The distance between the top of the calibration disk and 

the bottom of the quartz tube (the path length) was set and fixed with the aid of a 1.6 mm 

gauge block. For these conditions, the fluorescence intensity was fitted linearly with respect 

to the diesel mass fraction to within a residual standard deviation of ± 1.2 %. 

Figure E.2 shows the calibration of the fluorescence intensity of diesel against the path length 

through the diesel for neat diesel (for fixed xb = 1). As in the previous mass fraction 

calibration described above, the temperature of the diesel was held constant at approximately 

294 K. This second calibration method was used to determine the effect of the proximity of 

the incident light (Io) via changing its path length (l). As shown in Fig. 2, a linear positioning 

device with a graduated knob was used to locate the quartz tube relative to the test surface and 

thus measure and set the path length of the incident light through the diesel. The measured 

fluorescent intensity versus the path length was non-linear as shown in Fig. E.2. The 

calibrations given in Figs. E.1 and E.2 were combined with an exponential representation of Io

as a function of l to give the total calibration as given in eq. (4). 

Figure E.3 shows the calibration measurements that were used to determine the effect of an 

air gap above the test surface. This method served as a secondary measurement check 

because it was desired to have a technique that did not require the test section to be filled with 

test fluid. Because of the mismatch in the index of refraction between the quartz, the air, and 

the diesel film, the intensity incident to the diesel for when an air-gap existed differed from 

that for when fluid filled the space between the test surface and the bottom of the quartz 

probe. To determine the effect of incident intensity reflections from interfaces exposed by the 

air gap, the probe was traversed above a diesel film of fixed thickness. Because the amount of 

fluorescent material remained fixed for these tests, the magnitude of the measured intensity 

was attributed to change in the magnitude of the incident intensity due to it proximity to the 

diesel film. 

Figure E.3. shows measurements with and with out air gaps below the quartz probe. As 

expected, measurements with no air gap are shown to lie on the eq. (4) calibration. 

Measurements taken with an air gap reside to the right of the eq. (4) calibration in a stratum of 

nearly linear data grouped by different diesel film thickness. For these measurements, the 

intensity is shown to increase slightly has the probe approaches the diesel film. From the airgap data, it was observed that 1 dF

F dl was approximately constant for all ranges of the F and l
47

traverse data for each group of fixed diesel film thickness. The value of F used in this product 

for each group was extrapolated to the calibration line for no-air-gap (Fng). The gradient was 

calculated using the air-gap measurements, i.e., ag dF

dl . The average ratio between Fng and the 

air-gap gradient for all the groups was: 

1 1 82.57m ag

ng

dF

F dl

− = − (E.1) 

From the integration of eq. (E.1) it can be seen that the dependency of the intensity is 

exponential with path length. Considering that this dependency represents how Io changes 

with proximity to the test surface, an exponential term with respect to path length was used to 

represent Io in the full calibration eq. (4). 

The diesel film thickness using the air-gap fluorescent gradient can be solved for by 

substituting eq. (4) into eq. (E.1) for the Fng: 

1 ag ag -1 209.23m

-1

c bb

0.0121m 0.0115m kg

2.3

l

e

o

dF dF

e

dl dl l

IM x ε ρ

−

− −

= = Φ (E.2) 
48

Fig. E.1 Calibration of diesel fluorescence against diesel mass fraction for different runs
49

Fig. E.2 Calibration of fluorescence of diesel against path length for different 

runs 
50

Fig. E.3 Calibration of diesel fluorescence intensity for fixed film thickness and air gap 

between quartz tube and liquid film 
51

APPENDIX F: LINEAR BEER LAW 

This appendix justifies the use of the linear form of the Beer-Lambert-Bougher law (Amadeo 

et al., 1971) for the fluorescence calibration of the diesel mass. Regression of the calibration 

varied mass fraction measurements to the exponential and complete form of the BeerLambert-Bougher law: 

(1 10 ) cl F Io

−ε =Φ− (F.1) 

resulted in a residual standard deviation between the measurements and the fit of 0.0156. 

Considering that the residual standard deviation of the linear fit (eq. 3) was marginally less 

(0.0151) than that of eq. (F.1), the linear model represents the calibration data just as well as 

the complete model. 

Further justification for the use of eq. (F.1) can be obtained from the general knowledge of 

fluorescence characteristics. According to Herman (1998), fluorescence remains directly 

proportional to absorbance (εcl) as long as it is small, i.e., εcl < 0.05. Figure F.1 plots the 

absorbance against the mass fraction for both the mass fraction and the path length calibration 

measurements. The figure shows that mass fraction calibration measurements satisfy the 

linear criteria for mass fractions less than approximately 0.8. Similarly, the path length 

calibration measurements follow the linear Beer-Lambert-Bougher law for absorption 

thicknesses (l) less than approximately 1.3 mm. Overall, approximately 78 % of the 936 

calibration measurements fall within the linear criteria and none of the measurements 

exceeded an absorbance of 0.064. 
52

Fig. F.1 Absorbance of diesel for calibration measurements as a function of mass 

 fraction 
53

APPENDIX G: UNCERTAINTIES 

Figure G.1 shows the relative (percent) uncertainty of the diesel excess layer thickness (Ule) 

as a function of le for a bulk mass fraction of nominally 0.2 %. Roughly 80 % of the le

measurements for the 0.2 % bulk mass fraction have a relative uncertainty of less than 25 %. 

For measurements with an relative uncertainties less than 25 %, the average uncertainty of le

is approximately ± 6 % of le. Overall, the average uncertainty of le on an absolute basis was 

approximately ± 0.1 μm. 

 

Similarly, Fig. G.2 shows the relative (percent) uncertainty of the diesel excess layer 

thickness (Ule) as a function of le for a bulk mass fraction of nominally 0.3 %. Roughly 92 % 

of the le measurements have a relative uncertainty of less than 25 %. For these measurements 

the average uncertainty of le is approximately ± 8 % of le. Overall, the average uncertainty of 

le for the measurements with the 0.3 % bulk mass fraction was approximately ± 0.4 μm. 

Fig. G.1 Relative uncertainty of le for 95 % confidence level and xb = 0.2 %
54

Fig. G.2 Relative uncertainty of le for 95 % confidence level and xb = 0.3 %
55

APPENDIX H: TABULATED MEASUREMENTS 

This appendix provides both raw and reduced tabulated traverse measurements. The raw 

measurements for the fluorescent intensities used in eq. (2), the salient measured 

temperatures, the varied path length (l), the exposure time and the water/diesel mixture flow 

rate are presented in Tables H.1. The data is presented sequentially as blocks of traverse 

measurements (traverse of typically 13 measurements of l, and intensity while maintaining the 

flow rate and temperatures) which typically required approximately 10 min to complete. 

Each block or group of measurements was used to obtain a single value for the diesel excess 

surface density following the procedure illustrated in Fig. 7. 

Reduced measurements including the excess layer thickness following the procedure 

demonstrated in Fig. 7 are given in Tables H.2. In addition, the excess surface density as 

calculated from eq. (1), the diesel mass fraction as calculated from eq. (9), the average test 

section fluid temperature, and the effect of temperature on fluorescence as calculated from eq. 

(D.1) are provided. The exposure time is the real time measured from the time starting when 

the clean surface was first exposed to the particular flow rate. 

All tables present only a fraction of the measures and are given to provide only an example. 

Complete data files are available upon request. 

Table H.1.1 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 0 and xb = 0.2 % 

Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 0 and xb = 0.2 % (file: trv0con1.tbl) 

F 

(v)

Fr 

(v) 

F100 

(v) 

F0 

(v) 

TTi

(K) 

TTo 

(K) 

Ta 

(K) 

Tb 

(K) 

l 

(mm

) 

Exposu

re time 

(s) 

Turbine 

meter 

mw (kg/s

) 

Doppler 

meter 

mw (kg/s

) 

0.001242 0.001180 0.942909 0.000008 294.3 294.4 297.1 293.6 1.59 792. 0.0000 0.0625 

0.001207 0.001147 0.942909 0.000008 294.3 294.5 296.7 293.6 1.52 842. 0.0000 0.0625 

0.001249 0.001187 0.942909 0.000008 294.4 294.5 297.1 293.6 1.40 894. 0.0000 0.0625 

0.001400 0.001330 0.942909 0.000008 294.4 294.6 297.1 293.6 1.27 945. 0.0000 0.0625 

0.001449 0.001376 0.942909 0.000008 294.4 294.6 296.9 293.6 1.14 995. 0.0000 0.0625 

0.001484 0.001409 0.942909 0.000008 294.5 294.7 297.2 293.6 1.02 1052. 0.0000 0.0625 

0.001590 0.001510 0.942909 0.000008 294.5 294.7 296.9 293.6 0.89 1104. 0.0000 0.0625 

0.001641 0.001558 0.942909 0.000008 294.5 294.7 296.9 293.6 0.76 1156. 0.0000 0.0625 

0.001687 0.001602 0.942909 0.000008 294.6 294.8 297.0 293.6 0.64 1216. 0.0000 0.0697 

0.001770 0.001679 0.942909 0.000008 294.6 294.8 296.8 293.6 0.51 1268. 0.0000 0.0738 

0.001816 0.001724 0.942909 0.000008 294.6 294.9 297.1 293.6 0.38 1322. 0.0000 0.0697 

0.001890 0.001794 0.942909 0.000008 294.6 294.9 297.0 293.6 0.25 1377. 0.0000 0.0800 

0.001855 0.001760 0.942909 0.000008 294.7 294.9 296.9 293.6 0.13 1429. 0.0000 0.0853 

0.002019 0.001910 0.935436 0.000017 294.8 295.1 297.1 293.6 1.59 1620. 0.0000 0.0625 

0.001928 0.001825 0.935436 0.000017 294.8 295.1 297.0 293.6 1.52 1672. 0.0000 0.0624 

0.002032 0.001922 0.935436 0.000017 294.8 295.1 297.3 293.6 1.40 1726. 0.0000 0.0625 

0.002071 0.001959 0.935436 0.000017 294.8 295.1 297.0 293.6 1.27 1786. 0.0000 0.0625 

0.002037 0.001927 0.935436 0.000017 294.8 295.1 297.1 293.6 1.14 1838. 0.0000 0.0624 

0.002120 0.002005 0.935436 0.000017 294.9 295.2 297.0 293.6 1.02 1895. 0.0000 0.0625 

0.002135 0.002019 0.935436 0.000017 294.9 295.2 297.1 293.6 0.89 1948. 0.0000 0.0625 

0.002159 0.002042 0.935436 0.000017 294.9 295.2 297.3 293.6 0.76 2017. 0.0000 0.0739 

0.002213 0.002093 0.935436 0.000017 294.9 295.2 297.0 293.6 0.64 2072. 0.0000 0.0781 

0.002188 0.002069 0.935436 0.000017 294.9 295.3 297.2 293.6 0.51 2124. 0.0000 0.0745 

0.002277 0.002152 0.935436 0.000017 295.0 295.3 297.2 293.6 0.38 2177. 0.0000 0.0625 

0.002300 0.002175 0.935436 0.000017 295.0 295.3 297.1 293.6 0.25 2231. 0.0000 0.0625 

0.002257 0.002134 0.935436 0.000017 295.0 295.3 297.0 293.6 0.13 2283. 0.0000 0.0709 

0.001635 0.001631 0.985852 0.000013 295.5 296.0 297.2 293.6 1.59 6047. 0.0000 0.0625 

0.001660 0.001655 0.985852 0.000013 295.5 296.0 296.9 293.6 1.52 6098. 0.0000 0.0624 

0.001684 0.001679 0.985852 0.000013 295.5 296.0 297.0 293.6 1.40 6150. 0.0000 0.0625 
56

Table H.1.2 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 1900 and xb = 0.2 % 

Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 1900 and xb = 0.2 % (file: trv15con1.tbl) 

F 

(v)

Fr 

(v) 

F100 

(v) 

F0 

(v) 

TTi

(K) 

TTo 

(K) 

Ta 

(K) 

Tb 

(K) 

l 

(mm)

Exposure 

time (s) 

Turbine 

meter 

mw (kg/s

)

Doppler 

meter 

mw (kg/s

)

0.003617 0.003772 1.010201 0.000107 295.5 295.5 297.6 293.6 1.59 1008. 0.0763 0.1093 

0.003411 0.003563 1.010201 0.000107 295.5 295.4 297.7 293.6 1.52 1065. 0.0737 0.1058 

0.003222 0.003372 1.010201 0.000107 295.4 295.4 297.5 293.6 1.40 1135. 0.0759 0.1042 

0.003004 0.003151 1.010201 0.000107 295.4 295.4 297.4 293.6 1.27 1179. 0.0742 0.1106 

0.002763 0.002906 1.010201 0.000107 295.4 295.4 297.8 293.6 1.14 1258. 0.0750 0.1004 

0.002261 0.002398 1.010201 0.000107 295.4 295.4 297.6 293.6 1.02 1321. 0.0755 0.1085 

0.002154 0.002289 1.010201 0.000107 295.3 295.3 297.4 293.6 0.89 1392. 0.0712 0.1106 

0.001791 0.001921 1.010201 0.000107 295.3 295.3 297.6 293.6 0.76 1492. 0.0732 0.1222 

0.001876 0.002007 1.010201 0.000107 295.3 295.3 297.5 293.6 0.64 1536. 0.0742 0.1033 

0.001588 0.001716 1.010201 0.000107 295.2 295.3 297.6 293.6 0.51 1574. 0.0745 0.1069 

0.001351 0.001475 1.010201 0.000107 295.2 295.2 297.5 293.6 0.38 1617. 0.0710 0.1023 

0.000918 0.001038 1.010201 0.000107 295.2 295.2 297.5 293.6 0.25 1661. 0.0720 0.1124 

0.000574 0.000688 1.010201 0.000107 295.2 295.2 297.6 293.6 0.13 1705. 0.0747 0.1087 

0.002523 0.002562 1.008425 0.000018 293.5 293.5 297.6 293.6 1.59 61523. 0.0844 0.1042 

0.002449 0.002488 1.008425 0.000018 293.5 293.5 297.2 293.6 1.52 61568. 0.0874 0.1111 

0.002293 0.002330 1.008425 0.000018 293.5 293.5 297.6 293.6 1.40 61614. 0.0864 0.1151 

0.002095 0.002131 1.008425 0.000018 293.4 293.4 297.5 293.6 1.27 61656. 0.0869 0.1167 

0.001901 0.001935 1.008425 0.000018 293.4 293.4 297.6 293.6 1.14 61697. 0.0870 0.1146 

0.001768 0.001801 1.008425 0.000018 293.4 293.4 297.3 293.6 1.02 61743. 0.0877 0.1175 

0.001607 0.001638 1.008425 0.000018 293.4 293.4 297.3 293.6 0.89 61782. 0.0833 0.1163 

0.001453 0.001483 1.008425 0.000018 293.4 293.4 297.4 293.6 0.76 61823. 0.0866 0.1192 

0.001238 0.001266 1.008425 0.000018 293.4 293.4 297.2 293.6 0.64 61865. 0.0853 0.1168 

0.001073 0.001100 1.008425 0.000018 293.3 293.4 297.1 293.6 0.51 61905. 0.0827 0.1161 

0.000963 0.000989 1.008425 0.000018 293.3 293.3 297.4 293.6 0.38 61946. 0.0866 0.1187 

0.000763 0.000788 1.008425 0.000018 293.3 293.3 297.1 293.6 0.25 61987. 0.0858 0.1168 

0.000609 0.000632 1.008425 0.000018 293.3 293.3 297.3 293.6 0.13 62026. 0.0875 0.1157 

0.002626 0.002759 1.007386 0.000116 293.3 293.3 297.5 293.6 1.59 62198. 0.0833 0.1161 

0.002493 0.002625 1.007386 0.000116 293.3 293.3 297.7 293.6 1.52 62241. 0.0848 0.1130 

0.002345 0.002476 1.007386 0.000116 293.2 293.2 297.5 293.6 1.40 62282. 0.0870 0.1108 

0.002184 0.002314 1.007386 0.000116 293.2 293.2 297.3 293.6 1.27 62324. 0.0853 0.1185 

0.002013 0.002142 1.007386 0.000116 293.2 293.2 297.2 293.6 1.14 62367. 0.0833 0.1127 

0.001872 0.002001 1.007386 0.000116 293.2 293.2 296.9 293.6 1.02 62409. 0.0872 0.1105 

0.001720 0.001847 1.007386 0.000116 293.2 293.2 297.0 293.6 0.89 62454. 0.0852 0.1062 

0.001540 0.001666 1.007386 0.000116 293.2 293.2 297.3 293.6 0.76 62498. 0.0858 0.1119 

0.001507 0.001633 1.007386 0.000116 293.2 293.2 297.3 293.6 0.64 62539. 0.0829 0.1194 

0.001393 0.001518 1.007386 0.000116 293.2 293.2 297.1 293.6 0.51 62581. 0.0862 0.1241 

0.001258 0.001382 1.007386 0.000116 293.2 293.2 297.2 293.6 0.38 62622. 0.0863 0.1229 

0.001078 0.001201 1.007386 0.000116 293.2 293.2 297.1 293.6 0.25 62664. 0.0868 0.1238 

0.000830 0.000951 1.007386 0.000116 293.2 293.2 297.2 293.6 0.13 62707. 0.0843 0.1239 

0.002796 0.002894 1.012094 0.000064 293.7 293.7 297.5 293.6 1.59 66387. 0.0870 0.1184 

0.002666 0.002762 1.012094 0.000064 293.7 293.7 297.6 293.6 1.52 66427. 0.0862 0.1222 

0.002592 0.002687 1.012094 0.000064 293.6 293.6 297.5 293.6 1.40 66469. 0.0845 0.1167 

0.002529 0.002624 1.012094 0.000064 293.6 293.6 297.6 293.6 1.27 66509. 0.0883 0.1163 

0.003842 0.003952 1.012094 0.000064 293.6 293.6 297.4 293.6 1.14 66551. 0.0877 0.1179 

0.003831 0.003941 1.012094 0.000064 293.6 293.6 297.2 293.6 1.02 66592. 0.0877 0.1143 

0.003148 0.003250 1.012094 0.000064 293.5 293.6 297.4 293.6 0.89 66632. 0.0865 0.1092 

0.002608 0.002703 1.012094 0.000064 293.5 293.5 297.4 293.6 0.76 66709. 0.0816 0.1067 

0.002231 0.002321 1.012094 0.000064 293.5 293.5 297.5 293.6 0.64 66749. 0.0836 0.1163 

0.001971 0.002059 1.012094 0.000064 293.4 293.5 297.7 293.6 0.51 66788. 0.0864 0.1092 

0.001619 0.001702 1.012094 0.000064 293.4 293.4 297.5 293.6 0.38 66829. 0.0829 0.1110 

0.001524 0.001606 1.012094 0.000064 293.4 293.4 297.2 293.6 0.25 66869. 0.0872 0.1138 

0.001461 0.001542 1.012094 0.000064 293.4 293.4 297.1 293.6 0.13 66910. 0.0850 0.1169 

0.003188 0.003266 1.009252 0.000047 294.0 293.9 296.5 293.6 1.59 69847. 0.0853 0.1064 

0.003181 0.003259 1.009252 0.000047 294.0 293.9 296.3 293.6 1.52 69884. 0.0834 0.1082 

0.003045 0.003122 1.009252 0.000047 294.0 293.9 296.5 293.6 1.40 69926. 0.0857 0.1098 

0.002962 0.003038 1.009252 0.000047 294.0 294.0 296.5 293.6 1.27 69967. 0.0859 0.1106 

0.002824 0.002898 1.009252 0.000047 294.0 294.0 296.3 293.6 1.14 70009. 0.0862 0.1147 
57

Table H.1.3 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 3200 and xb = 0.2 % 

Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 3200 and xb = 0.2 % (file: trv3con1.tbl) 

F 

(v)

Fr 

(v) 

F100 

(v) 

F0 

(v) 

TTi

(K) 

TTo 

(K) 

Ta 

(K) 

Tb 

(K) 

l 

(mm)

Exposure 

time (s) 

Turbine 

meter 

mw (kg/s) 

Doppler 

meter 

mw (kg/s) 

0.003391 0.003385 1.002145 -0.0000260 296.2 296.1 296.1 293.6 1.59 1521. 0.1558 0.1596 

0.003188 0.003182 1.002145 -0.000026 296.2 296.1 296.0 293.6 1.52 1563. 0.1512 0.1566 

0.003292 0.003286 1.002145 -0.000026 296.2 296.1 296.0 293.6 1.40 1607. 0.1550 0.1613 

0.003003 0.002996 1.002145 -0.000026 296.2 296.2 296.0 293.6 1.27 1706. 0.1531 0.1577 

0.002738 0.002728 1.002145 -0.000026 296.2 296.2 295.9 293.6 1.14 1749. 0.1509 0.1601 

0.002347 0.002335 1.002145 -0.000026 296.2 296.2 295.7 293.6 1.02 1789. 0.1476 0.1620 

0.001922 0.001908 1.002145 -0.000026 296.2 296.2 295.3 293.6 0.89 1831. 0.1550 0.1634 

0.001679 0.001663 1.002145 -0.000026 296.2 296.2 296.5 293.6 0.76 1873. 0.1453 0.1589 

0.001387 0.001369 1.002145 -0.000026 296.2 296.2 296.2 293.6 0.64 1920. 0.1557 0.1587 

0.001198 0.001179 1.002145 -0.000026 296.2 296.2 295.6 293.6 0.51 1966. 0.1535 0.1517 

0.000929 0.000908 1.002145 -0.000026 296.2 296.2 295.8 293.6 0.38 2009. 0.1550 0.1509 

0.000584 0.000561 1.002145 -0.000026 296.2 296.2 296.1 293.6 0.25 2051. 0.1542 0.1502 

0.000082 0.000056 1.002145 -0.000026 296.2 296.2 296.0 293.6 0.13 2092. 0.1501 0.1581 

0.003134 0.003115 1.006735 -0.000052 296.2 296.2 295.3 293.6 1.59 2224. 0.1470 0.1501 

0.002885 0.002864 1.006735 -0.000052 296.2 296.2 295.2 293.6 1.52 2267. 0.1509 0.1669 

0.002841 0.002819 1.006735 -0.000052 296.2 296.1 295.4 293.7 1.40 2310. 0.1550 0.1654 

0.002923 0.002902 1.006735 -0.000052 296.2 296.1 295.9 293.6 1.27 2354. 0.1535 0.1563 

0.002583 0.002558 1.006735 -0.000052 296.1 296.1 295.5 293.6 1.14 2401. 0.1480 0.1649 

0.002263 0.002235 1.006735 -0.000052 296.1 296.1 296.0 293.6 1.02 2442. 0.1498 0.1600 

0.001828 0.001795 1.006735 -0.000052 296.1 296.1 295.8 293.6 0.89 2482. 0.1546 0.1587 

0.001410 0.001373 1.006735 -0.000052 296.1 296.1 295.4 293.6 0.76 2524. 0.1523 0.1517 

0.001121 0.001081 1.006735 -0.000052 296.1 296.1 296.1 293.6 0.64 2569. 0.1516 0.1553 

0.000973 0.000931 1.006735 -0.000052 296.1 296.0 295.6 293.6 0.51 2775. 0.1487 0.1572 

0.000673 0.000628 1.006735 -0.000052 296.0 296.0 295.7 293.6 0.38 2819. 0.1487 0.1486 

0.000397 0.000349 1.006735 -0.000052 296.0 296.0 295.8 293.6 0.25 2862. 0.1531 0.1543 

0.000080 0.000029 1.006735 -0.000052 296.0 296.0 295.8 293.6 0.13 2903. 0.1466 0.1421 

0.002741 0.002780 1.007206 0.000016 294.4 294.4 296.2 293.6 1.59 5441. 0.1543 0.1350 

0.002670 0.002709 1.007206 0.000016 294.4 294.4 296.6 293.6 1.52 5486. 0.1535 0.1459 

0.002594 0.002632 1.007206 0.000016 294.4 294.3 296.6 293.6 1.40 5531. 0.1550 0.1662 

0.002476 0.002512 1.007206 0.000016 294.3 294.3 296.6 293.6 1.27 5572. 0.1562 0.1562 

0.002236 0.002270 1.007206 0.000016 294.3 294.3 296.5 293.6 1.14 5619. 0.1509 0.1455 

0.001912 0.001944 1.007206 0.000016 294.3 294.3 296.8 293.6 1.02 5660. 0.1532 0.1485 

0.001566 0.001595 1.007206 0.000016 294.2 294.2 296.9 293.6 0.89 5702. 0.1488 0.1517 

0.001214 0.001240 1.007206 0.000016 294.2 294.2 296.4 293.6 0.76 5744. 0.1528 0.1430 

0.000993 0.001017 1.007206 0.000016 294.2 294.2 296.4 293.6 0.64 5783. 0.1488 0.1453 

0.000791 0.000813 1.007206 0.000016 294.1 294.1 296.0 293.6 0.51 5824. 0.1477 0.1454 

0.000601 0.000622 1.007206 0.000016 294.1 294.1 296.5 293.6 0.38 5866. 0.1554 0.1476 

0.000331 0.000350 1.007206 0.000016 294.1 294.1 295.8 293.6 0.25 5909. 0.1539 0.1425 

0.000083 0.000100 1.007206 0.000016 294.0 294.0 295.7 293.6 0.13 5957. 0.1481 0.1432 

0.002855 0.002877 0.999473 0.000026 293.2 293.2 296.4 293.7 1.59 8736. 0.1562 0.1391 

0.002723 0.002746 0.999473 0.000026 293.2 293.2 296.1 293.7 1.52 8776. 0.1562 0.1290 

0.002447 0.002470 0.999473 0.000026 293.2 293.2 296.3 293.6 1.40 8821. 0.1570 0.1397 

0.002283 0.002307 0.999473 0.000026 293.3 293.2 296.1 293.6 1.27 8865. 0.1524 0.1531 

0.002136 0.002160 0.999473 0.000026 293.3 293.3 295.9 293.7 1.14 8906. 0.1502 0.1457 

0.001921 0.001946 0.999473 0.000026 293.3 293.3 295.9 293.6 1.02 8946. 0.1547 0.1348 

0.001659 0.001683 0.999473 0.000026 293.3 293.3 296.0 293.6 0.89 8988. 0.1513 0.1328 

0.001420 0.001445 0.999473 0.000026 293.3 293.3 296.7 293.6 0.76 9028. 0.1521 0.1226 

0.001140 0.001165 0.999473 0.000026 293.3 293.3 296.6 293.7 0.64 9070. 0.1528 0.1392 

0.000918 0.000943 0.999473 0.000026 293.4 293.3 296.3 293.6 0.51 9116. 0.1578 0.1413 

0.000610 0.000636 0.999473 0.000026 293.4 293.3 296.2 293.6 0.38 9162. 0.1547 0.1497 

0.000373 0.000399 0.999473 0.000026 293.4 293.4 296.1 293.6 0.25 9204. 0.1502 0.1482 

0.000174 0.000200 0.999473 0.000026 293.4 293.4 296.0 293.6 0.13 9244. 0.1506 0.1494 

0.002669 0.002642 0.986360 0.000010 293.5 293.5 296.1 293.7 1.59 9383. 0.1559 0.1608 

0.002560 0.002534 0.986360 0.000010 293.5 293.5 296.7 293.7 1.52 9424. 0.1510 0.1470 

0.002486 0.002462 0.986360 0.000010 293.5 293.5 296.8 293.6 1.40 9465. 0.1543 0.1328 

0.002299 0.002278 0.986360 0.000010 293.5 293.5 296.8 293.6 1.27 9506. 0.1543 0.1232 

0.002114 0.002095 0.986360 0.000010 293.6 293.5 296.9 293.6 1.14 9548. 0.1562 0.1415 

0.001922 0.001905 0.986360 0.000010 293.6 293.6 296.5 293.6 1.02 9592. 0.1558 0.1516 
58

Table H.1.4 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 4600 and xb = 0.2 % 

 

Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 4600 and xb = 0.2 % (file: trv45con1.tbl) 

F 

(v)

Fr 

(v) 

F100 

(v) 

F0 

(v) 

TTi

(K) 

TTo 

(K) 

Ta 

(K) 

Tb 

(K) 

l 

(mm) 

Exposure 

time (s) 

Turbine 

meter 

mw (k

g/s) 

Doppler 

meter 

mw (k

g/s) 

0.0071260 0.007198 1.006097 0.000032 293.4 293.4 294.7 293.6 1.59 236041. 0.2280 0.2502 

 0.007096 0.007168 1.006097 0.000032 293.4 293.4 294.5 293.6 1.52 236081. 0.2305 0.2517 

 0.007047 0.007119 1.006097 0.000032 293.4 293.4 294.6 293.6 1.40 236122. 0.2191 0.2518 

 0.007094 0.007166 1.006097 0.000032 293.4 293.4 294.7 293.6 1.27 236166. 0.2280 0.2526 

 0.007073 0.007145 1.006097 0.000032 293.4 293.4 294.6 293.6 1.14 236207. 0.2264 0.2534 

 0.007054 0.007126 1.006097 0.000032 293.4 293.4 294.7 293.6 1.02 236249. 0.2238 0.2539 

 0.007076 0.007148 1.006097 0.000032 293.4 293.4 294.7 293.6 0.89 236293. 0.2255 0.2511 

 0.007170 0.007242 1.006097 0.000032 293.4 293.4 294.7 293.6 0.76 236338. 0.2169 0.2425 

 0.007069 0.007141 1.006097 0.000032 293.4 293.4 295.0 293.6 0.64 236382. 0.2264 0.2245 

 0.007079 0.007151 1.006097 0.000032 293.4 293.4 294.9 293.6 0.51 236423. 0.2199 0.2101 

 0.007225 0.007299 1.006097 0.000032 293.4 293.4 294.9 293.6 0.38 236464. 0.2222 0.1988 

 0.007117 0.007190 1.006097 0.000032 293.4 293.4 294.6 293.6 0.25 236505. 0.2176 0.1980 

 0.007247 0.007321 1.006097 0.000032 293.5 293.4 294.6 293.6 0.13 236554. 0.2246 0.1958 

 0.007107 0.007254 1.010847 0.000072 293.5 293.5 294.7 293.6 1.59 236711. 0.2215 0.2049 

 0.007058 0.007205 1.010847 0.000072 293.6 293.5 294.5 293.6 1.52 236754. 0.2246 0.2016 

 0.006926 0.007071 1.010847 0.000072 293.6 293.5 294.4 293.6 1.40 236797. 0.2215 0.2097 

 0.006983 0.007130 1.010847 0.000072 293.6 293.6 294.6 293.6 1.27 236838. 0.2215 0.2197 

 0.007073 0.007221 1.010847 0.000072 293.6 293.6 294.7 293.6 1.14 236883. 0.2223 0.2426 

 0.006951 0.007097 1.010847 0.000072 293.6 293.6 294.0 293.6 1.02 236931. 0.2184 0.2300 

 0.007007 0.007155 1.010847 0.000072 293.6 293.6 294.4 293.6 0.89 236982. 0.2176 0.2184 

 0.007060 0.007208 1.010847 0.000072 293.7 293.6 294.6 293.6 0.76 237026. 0.2146 0.2313 

 0.006998 0.007146 1.010847 0.000072 293.7 293.7 294.7 293.6 0.64 237070. 0.2288 0.2428 

 0.007111 0.007260 1.010847 0.000072 293.7 293.7 294.8 293.6 0.51 237111. 0.2161 0.2415 

 0.007065 0.007214 1.010847 0.000072 293.8 293.7 294.7 293.6 0.38 237152. 0.2154 0.2009 

 0.007105 0.007255 1.010847 0.000072 293.8 293.8 294.6 293.6 0.25 237198. 0.2231 0.2004 

 0.007172 0.007323 1.010847 0.000072 293.8 293.8 294.6 293.6 0.13 237241. 0.2314 0.1928 

 0.006849 0.007022 1.014358 0.000078 293.4 293.4 294.6 293.7 1.59 240174. 0.2232 0.2063 

 0.006815 0.006988 1.014358 0.000078 293.4 293.4 294.8 293.6 1.52 240224. 0.2185 0.2267 

 0.006847 0.007020 1.014358 0.000078 293.4 293.4 294.6 293.6 1.40 240267. 0.2184 0.2373 

 0.006850 0.007023 1.014358 0.000078 293.4 293.4 294.6 293.6 1.27 240313. 0.2200 0.2540 

 0.006814 0.006986 1.014358 0.000078 293.4 293.4 294.6 293.6 1.14 240355. 0.2192 0.2564 

 0.006853 0.007025 1.014358 0.000078 293.4 293.4 294.6 293.6 1.02 240396. 0.2185 0.2566 

 0.006883 0.007056 1.014358 0.000078 293.4 293.4 294.8 293.6 0.89 240460. 0.2263 0.2379 

 0.006854 0.007027 1.014358 0.000078 293.4 293.4 294.9 293.6 0.76 240502. 0.2264 0.2355 

 0.006924 0.007098 1.014358 0.000078 293.4 293.4 294.9 293.6 0.64 240546. 0.2192 0.2505 

 0.006944 0.007118 1.014358 0.000078 293.4 293.4 295.1 293.6 0.51 240591. 0.2255 0.2512 

 0.007005 0.007180 1.014358 0.000078 293.4 293.4 294.9 293.6 0.38 240635. 0.2169 0.2541 

 0.007047 0.007223 1.014358 0.000078 293.4 293.4 294.8 293.6 0.25 240679. 0.2232 0.2533 

 0.007078 0.007254 1.014358 0.000078 293.4 293.4 294.8 293.6 0.13 240723. 0.2154 0.2519 

 0.006790 0.006826 1.005077 -0.000003 294.1 294.0 295.3 293.6 1.59 243116. 0.2231 0.2427 

 0.006778 0.006814 1.005077 -0.000003 294.0 294.0 295.5 293.6 1.52 243163. 0.2296 0.2392 

 0.006690 0.006725 1.005077 -0.000003 294.0 294.0 295.7 293.6 1.40 243213. 0.2255 0.2352 

 0.006790 0.006825 1.005077 -0.000003 294.0 294.0 295.4 293.6 1.27 243257. 0.2215 0.2321 

 0.006798 0.006833 1.005077 -0.000003 294.0 294.0 295.1 293.6 1.14 243301. 0.2131 0.2323 

 0.006825 0.006860 1.005077 -0.000003 294.0 293.9 295.1 293.6 1.02 243345. 0.2231 0.2397 

 0.006816 0.006851 1.005077 -0.000003 294.0 293.9 295.0 293.6 0.89 243390. 0.2138 0.2493 

 0.006828 0.006863 1.005077 -0.000003 293.9 293.9 295.4 293.6 0.76 243433. 0.2296 0.2424 

 0.006875 0.006910 1.005077 -0.000003 293.9 293.9 295.3 293.6 0.64 243474. 0.2263 0.2402 

 0.006892 0.006927 1.005077 -0.000003 293.9 293.9 295.1 293.6 0.51 243515. 0.2255 0.2316 

 0.006982 0.007017 1.005077 -0.000003 293.9 293.9 295.0 293.6 0.38 243556. 0.2223 0.2139 

 0.006975 0.007010 1.005077 -0.000003 293.9 293.9 294.8 293.6 0.25 243596. 0.2177 0.2067 

 0.006999 0.007034 1.005077 -0.000003 293.9 293.9 294.8 293.6 0.13 243639. 0.2239 0.2073 

 0.006855 0.006929 1.005073 0.000038 293.8 293.8 295.2 293.6 1.59 243799. 0.2247 0.1886 

 0.006817 0.006890 1.005073 0.000038 293.8 293.8 295.1 293.6 1.52 243844. 0.2223 0.1999 

 0.006834 0.006907 1.005073 0.000038 293.8 293.8 295.0 293.6 1.40 243886. 0.2247 0.2027 

 0.006828 0.006901 1.005073 0.000038 293.8 293.7 294.9 293.6 1.27 243929. 0.2200 0.2222 

 0.006852 0.006925 1.005073 0.000038 293.7 293.7 294.9 293.6 1.14 243972. 0.2247 0.2475 
59

Table H.1.5 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 7000 and xb = 0.2 % 

Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 7000 and xb = 0.2 % (file:trv6con1.tbl)

F 

(v)

Fr 

(v) 

F100 

(v) 

F0 

(v) 

TTi

(K) 

TTo 

(K) 

Ta 

(K) 

Tb 

(K) 

l 

(mm)

Exposure 

time (s) 

Turbine 

meter 

mw (kg/s) 

Doppler 

meter 

mw (kg/s) 

0.002504 0.002483 1.005823 -0.00005 297.5 297.4 296.8 293.7 1.59 4639. 0.3299 0.3423 

0.002400 0.002378 1.005823 -0.000050 297.5 297.5 296.6 293.7 1.52 4684. 0.3265 0.3417 

0. 02268 0.002245 1.005823 -0.000050 297.6 297.5 297.0 293.7 1.40 4728. 0.3215 0.3391 

0.002026 0.002000 1.005823 -0.000050 297.6 297.6 297.1 293.7 1.27 4771. 0.3167 0.3415 

0.001853 0.001825 1.005823 -0.000050 297.6 297.6 296.9 293.7 1.14 4813. 0.3300 0.3453 

0.001738 0.001709 1.005823 -0.000050 297.7 297.6 296.9 293.7 1.02 4857. 0.3181 0.3406 

0.001519 0.001487 1.005823 -0.000050 297.7 297.7 296.8 293.7 0.89 4900. 0.3333 0.3420 

0.001320 0.001285 1.005823 -0.000050 297.7 297.7 296.8 293.7 0.76 4943. 0.3214 0.3377 

0.001150 0.001114 1.005823 -0.000050 297.8 297.7 296.9 293.6 0.64 4987. 0.3249 0.3425 

0.000987 0.000949 1.005823 -0.000050 297.8 297.8 297.0 293.6 0.51 5029. 0.3282 0.3401 

0.000803 0.000762 1.005823 -0.000050 297.8 297.8 297.1 293.7 0.38 5075. 0.3214 0.3392 

0.000611 0.000568 1.005823 -0.000050 297.8 297.8 296.9 293.7 0.25 5122. 0.3133 0.3435 

0.000479 0.000434 1.005823 -0.000050 297.9 297.8 297.1 293.7 0.13 5163. 0.3352 0.3391 

0.002624 0.002647 1.006991 -0.000013 297.9 297.9 296.8 293.7 1.59 5325. 0.3232 0.3398 

0.002535 0.002557 1.006991 -0.000013 297.9 297.9 297.0 293.7 1.52 5366. 0.3182 0.3404 

0.002339 0.002358 1.006991 -0.000013 298.0 297.9 296.9 293.7 1.40 5412. 0.3181 0.3514 

0.002156 0.002172 1.006991 -0.000013 298.0 297.9 297.0 293.7 1.27 5459. 0.3197 0.3590 

0.001968 0.001982 1.006991 -0.000013 298.0 297.9 297.2 293.7 1.14 5511. 0.3231 0.3589 

0.001751 0.001762 1.006991 -0.000013 298.0 297.9 297.0 293.7 1.02 5554. 0.3299 0.3511 

0.001554 0.001562 1.006991 -0.000013 298.0 298.0 297.0 293.7 0.89 5600. 0.3317 0.3442 

0.001390 0.001396 1.006991 -0.000013 298.0 298.0 296.8 293.7 0.76 5642. 0.3282 0.3571 

0.001155 0.001158 1.006991 -0.000013 298.0 298.0 296.9 293.7 0.64 5685. 0.3165 0.3454 

0.000955 0.000955 1.006991 -0.000013 298.0 298.0 297.0 293.7 0.51 5726. 0.3317 0.3504 

0.000762 0.000759 1.006991 -0.000013 298.0 298.0 297.0 293.7 0.38 5771. 0.3299 0.3401 

0.000603 0.000598 1.006991 -0.000013 298.0 298.0 296.9 293.7 0.25 5818. 0.3317 0.3394 

 .000443 0.000436 1.006991 -0.000013 298.0 298.0 297.0 293.7 0.13 5865. 0.3214 0.3467 

 .002757 0.002840 1.004241 0.000055 297.4 297.3 297.3 293.7 1.59 7893. 0.3316 0.3527 

 .002633 0.002714 1.004241 0.000055 297.3 297.3 297.5 293.7 1.52 7942. 0.3408 0.3492 

 .002596 0.002676 1.004241 0.000055 297.3 297.3 297.7 293.7 1.40 7988. 0.3249 0.3486 

 .002495 0.002574 1.004241 0.000055 297.3 297.3 297.4 293.7 1.27 8031. 0.3335 0.3486 

 .002276 0.002354 1.004241 0.000055 297.3 297.3 297.4 293.7 1.14 8072. 0.3370 0.3499 

 .002094 0.002169 1.004241 0.000055 297.2 297.2 297.3 293.7 1.02 8115. 0.3166 0.3528 

 .001767 0.001840 1.004241 0.000055 297.2 297.2 297.6 293.7 0.89 8159. 0.3282 0.3562 

 .001538 0.001608 1.004241 0.000055 297.2 297.2 297.5 293.7 0.76 8202. 0.3197 0.3500 

 .001401 0.001469 1.004241 0.000055 297.2 297.2 297.4 293.7 0.64 8245. 0.3264 0.3524 

 .001210 0.001276 1.004241 0.000055 297.2 297.1 297.5 293.7 0.51 8296. 0.3335 0.3529 

 .001021 0.001086 1.004241 0.000055 297.1 297.1 297.4 293.7 0.38 8341. 0.3266 0.3500 

 .000822 0.000884 1.004241 0.000055 297.1 297.1 297.5 293.7 0.25 8392. 0.3248 0.3483 

 .000718 0.000780 1.004241 0.000055 297.1 297.1 297.6 293.7 0.13 8449. 0.3335 0.3437 

 .003012 0.003122 1.010220 0.000071 295.4 295.4 297.5 293.7 1.59 11766. 0.3337 0.3416 

 .002916 0.003025 1.010220 0.000071 295.4 295.4 297.5 293.7 1.52 11806. 0.3319 0.3414 

 .002828 0.002936 1.010220 0.000071 295.4 295.4 297.6 293.7 1.40 11848. 0.3372 0.3358 

 .002715 0.002821 1.010220 0.000071 295.4 295.4 297.4 293.7 1.27 11894. 0.3372 0.3367 

 .002608 0.002713 1.010220 0.000071 295.3 295.3 297.5 293.7 1.14 11937. 0.3184 0.3550 

 .002429 0.002531 1.010220 0.000071 295.3 295.3 297.6 293.7 1.02 11984. 0.3266 0.3483 

 .002213 0.002313 1.010220 0.000071 295.3 295.3 297.6 293.7 0.89 12032. 0.3250 0.3441 

 .002003 0.002100 1.010220 0.000071 295.3 295.3 297.5 293.7 0.76 12082. 0.3354 0.3192 

 .001850 0.001945 1.010220 0.000071 295.3 295.3 297.4 293.7 0.64 12124. 0.3374 0.3216 

 .001622 0.001714 1.010220 0.000071 295.2 295.2 297.5 293.7 0.51 12168. 0.3337 0.3134 

 .001473 0.001564 1.010220 0.000071 295.2 295.2 297.7 293.7 0.38 12208. 0.3216 0.3164 

 .001245 0.001333 1.010220 0.000071 295.2 295.2 297.4 293.7 0.25 12252. 0.3284 0.3298 

 .001071 0.001156 1.010220 0.000071 295.2 295.2 297.6 293.7 0.13 12298. 0.3284 0.3386 

 .003126 0.003182 1.005162 0.000033 295.1 295.1 297.4 293.7 1.59 12461. 0.3266 0.3588 

 .003037 0.003092 1.005162 0.000033 295.1 295.1 297.4 293.7 1.52 12506. 0.3216 0.3555 

 .002849 0.002903 1.005162 0.000033 295.1 295.1 297.5 293.7 1.40 12550. 0.3354 0.3592 

 .002710 0.002763 1.005162 0.000033 295.0 295.0 297.3 293.7 1.27 12595. 0.3185 0.3491 

 .002642 0.002694 1.005162 0.000033 295.0 295.0 297.6 293.7 1.14 12637. 0.3267 0.3426 
60

Table H.1.6 Tap water flushing after Re = 4600 contamination tests at xb = 0.2 % 

Tap water flushing after Re = 4600 contamination tests at xb = 0.2 % (file:flsh45c1.tbl)

F 

(v)

Fr 

(v) 

F100 

(v) 

F0 

(v) 

TTi

(K) 

TTo 

(K) 

Ta 

(K) 

Tb 

(K) 

l 

(mm)

Exposure 

time (s) 

Turbine 

meter 

mw (kg/s) 

Doppler 

meter 

mw (kg/s) 

0.004939 0.004940 0.996651 -.000033 300.0 300.1 295.2 293.6 1.59 2413. N/A N/A 

0.004815 0.004814 0.996651 -.000033 299.9 300.0 295.5 293.6 1.52 2467. N/A N/A 

0.004740 0.004738 0.996651 -.000033 299.9 299.9 295.3 293.6 1.40 2522. N/A N/A 

0.004705 0.004703 0.996651 -.000033 299.9 299.9 295.6 293.6 1.27 2574. N/A N/A 

0.004696 0.004693 0.996651 -.000033 299.8 299.8 295.6 293.6 1.14 2634. N/A N/A 

0.004677 0.004674 0.996651 -.000033 299.8 299.8 295.5 293.6 1.02 2686. N/A N/A 

0.004686 0.004683 0.996651 -.000033 299.7 299.7 295.4 293.6 0.89 2744. N/A N/A 

0.004756 0.004753 0.996651 -.000033 299.7 299.6 295.6 293.6 0.76 2796. N/A N/A 

0.004820 0.004817 0.996651 -.000033 299.6 299.6 295.3 293.5 0.64 2849. N/A N/A 

0.004874 0.004870 0.996651 -.000033 299.5 299.5 295.2 293.6 0.51 2898. N/A N/A 

0.004914 0.004909 0.996651 -.000033 299.4 299.4 295.3 293.6 0.38 2953. N/A N/A 

0.004973 0.004968 0.996651 -.000033 299.4 299.3 295.4 293.6 0.25 3000. N/A N/A 

0.004295 0.004363 0.994784 0.000053 299.1 299.1 295.7 293.6 1.59 3214. N/A N/A 

0.004260 0.004327 0.994784 0.000053 299.0 299.0 295.7 293.6 1.40 3271. N/A N/A 

0.004307 0.004374 0.994784 0.000053 299.0 298.9 295.7 293.6 1.14 3326. N/A N/A 

0.004450 0.004518 0.994784 0.000053 298.9 298.9 295.8 293.6 0.89 3380. N/A N/A 

0.004456 0.004524 0.994784 0.000053 298.9 298.8 295.8 293.6 0.76 3430. N/A N/A 

0.004555 0.004622 0.994784 0.000053 298.8 298.8 295.7 293.6 0.64 3481. N/A N/A 

0.004656 0.004723 0.994784 0.000053 298.8 298.7 295.7 293.6 0.51 3530. N/A N/A 

0.004733 0.004799 0.994784 0.000053 298.7 298.7 295.8 293.6 0.38 3581. N/A N/A 

0.004788 0.004854 0.994784 0.000053 298.7 298.6 296.0 293.6 0.25 3631. N/A N/A 

0.004939 0.005006 0.994784 0.000053 298.6 298.6 296.0 293.6 0.13 3684. N/A N/A 

0.003415 0.003450 1.009424 0.000007 292.8 292.7 295.3 293.6 1.59 25131. N/A N/A 

0.003385 0.003419 1.009424 0.000007 292.8 292.7 295.4 293.6 1.40 25189. N/A N/A 

0.003506 0.003542 1.009424 0.000007 292.8 292.7 295.3 293.6 1.14 25244. N/A N/A 

0.003575 0.003611 1.009424 0.000007 292.8 292.7 295.3 293.6 0.89 25297. N/A N/A 

0.003776 0.003814 1.009424 0.000007 292.8 292.7 295.4 293.6 0.64 25351. N/A N/A 

0.003805 0.003843 1.009424 0.000007 292.8 292.7 295.3 293.6 0.51 25403. N/A N/A 

0.003859 0.003897 1.009424 0.000007 292.8 292.7 295.4 293.6 0.38 25455. N/A N/A 

0.004004 0.004044 1.009424 0.000007 292.8 292.7 295.5 293.6 0.25 25506. N/A N/A 

0.004149 0.004189 1.009424 0.000007 292.8 292.7 295.5 293.6 0.13 25557. N/A N/A 

0.003426 0.003475 1.007668 0.000027 292.9 292.8 295.5 293.6 1.59 25789. N/A N/A 

0.003328 0.003377 1.007668 0.000027 292.9 292.8 295.4 293.6 1.40 25844. N/A N/A 

0.003477 0.003527 1.007668 0.000027 292.9 292.8 295.6 293.6 1.14 25894. N/A N/A 

0.003526 0.003576 1.007668 0.000027 292.9 292.8 295.5 293.6 0.89 25951. N/A N/A 

0.003649 0.003700 1.007668 0.000027 292.9 292.8 295.3 293.6 0.64 26010. N/A N/A 

0.003825 0.003878 1.007668 0.000027 292.9 292.9 295.5 293.6 0.38 26058. N/A N/A 

0.004136 0.004190 1.007668 0.000027 292.9 292.9 295.4 293.6 0.13 26106. N/A N/A 

0.002337 0.003209 1.001896 0.000868 293.9 293.9 295.2 293.6 1.59 83821. N/A N/A 

0.002272 0.002414 1.002567 0.000135 294.0 293.9 295.4 293.6 1.52 84083. N/A N/A 

0.002263 0.002405 1.002567 0.000135 293.9 293.9 295.4 293.6 1.40 84145. N/A N/A 

0.002284 0.002426 1.002567 0.000135 294.0 293.9 295.6 293.6 1.27 84204. N/A N/A 

0.002328 0.002470 1.002567 0.000135 294.0 293.9 295.5 293.6 1.14 84256. N/A N/A 

0.002313 0.002455 1.002567 0.000135 294.0 293.9 295.4 293.6 1.02 84311. N/A N/A 

0.002436 0.002578 1.002567 0.000135 293.9 293.9 295.5 293.6 0.89 84369. N/A N/A 

0.002417 0.002559 1.002567 0.000135 293.9 293.9 295.5 293.6 0.76 84456. N/A N/A 

0.002492 0.002635 1.002567 0.000135 293.9 293.9 295.6 293.6 0.64 84513. N/A N/A 

0.002559 0.002702 1.002567 0.000135 293.9 293.9 295.4 293.6 0.51 84590. N/A N/A 

0.002583 0.002725 1.002567 0.000135 294.0 293.9 295.5 293.6 0.38 84641. N/A N/A 

0.002656 0.002799 1.002567 0.000135 293.9 293.9 295.6 293.6 0.25 84697. N/A N/A 

0.002766 0.002909 1.002567 0.000135 294.0 293.9 295.5 293.6 0.13 84755. N/A N/A 

0.002256 0.002399 1.002415 0.000137 294.1 294.0 295.6 293.6 1.59 85420. N/A N/A 

0.002223 0.002366 1.002415 0.000137 294.1 294.0 295.4 293.6 1.52 85482. N/A N/A 

0.002229 0.002373 1.002415 0.000137 294.1 294.0 295.4 293.6 1.40 85542. N/A N/A 

0.002258 0.002402 1.002415 0.000137 294.1 294.0 295.4 293.6 1.27 85595. N/A N/A 

0.002341 0.002485 1.002415 0.000137 294.1 294.0 295.5 293.6 1.14 85648. N/A N/A 

0.002334 0.002478 1.002415 0.000137 294.1 294.0 295.5 293.6 1.02 85697. N/A N/A 
61

Table H.1.7 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 0 and xb = 0.3 % 

Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 0 and xb = 0.3 % (file:trv0con2.tbl)

F 

(v)

Fr 

(v) 

F100 

(v) 

F0 

(v) 

TTi

(K) 

TTo 

(K) 

Ta 

(K) 

Tb 

(K) 

l 

(mm)

Exposure 

time (s) 

Turbine 

meter 

mw (kg/s) 

Doppler 

meter 

mw (kg/s) 

0.004440 0.004456 1.007538 -0.000029 295.4 295.4 294.5 293.7 1.59 2476. 0.0000 0.0626 

0.004311 0.004326 1.007538 -0.000029 295.4 295.4 294.6 293.7 1.52 2532. 0.0000 0.0627 

0.004040 0.004052 1.007538 -0.000029 295.4 295.3 294.5 293.7 1.40 2592. 0.0000 0.0626 

0.003770 0.003779 1.007538 -0.000029 295.4 295.3 294.4 293.7 1.27 2647. 0.0000 0.0626 

0.003469 0.003475 1.007538 -0.000029 295.4 295.3 294.5 293.7 1.14 2702. 0.0000 0.0626 

0.003200 0.003204 1.007538 -0.000029 295.3 295.3 294.5 293.7 1.02 2763. 0.0000 0.0627 

0.002949 0.002949 1.007538 -0.000029 295.3 295.3 294.4 293.7 0.89 2823. 0.0000 0.0626 

0.002672 0.002670 1.007538 -0.000029 295.3 295.3 294.4 293.7 0.76 2880. 0.0000 0.0626 

0.002325 0.002319 1.007538 -0.000029 295.3 295.3 294.4 293.7 0.64 2939. 0.0000 0.0626 

0.002060 0.002052 1.007538 -0.000029 295.3 295.2 294.4 293.7 0.51 3000. 0.0000 0.0626 

0.001739 0.001727 1.007538 -0.000029 295.3 295.2 294.4 293.7 0.38 3056. 0.0000 0.0626 

0.001418 0.001404 1.007538 -0.000029 295.3 295.2 294.5 293.7 0.25 3118. 0.0000 0.0627 

0.001074 0.001055 1.007538 -0.000029 295.3 295.2 294.6 293.7 0.13 3178. 0.0000 0.0626 

0.004750 0.004793 1.009045 -0.000006 294.4 294.8 294.1 293.7 1.59 406841. 0.0000 0.0713 

0.004606 0.004648 1.009045 -0.000006 294.4 294.7 294.1 293.7 1.52 406899. 0.0000 0.0792 

0.004393 0.004432 1.009045 -0.000006 294.4 294.8 294.1 293.7 1.40 406954. 0.0000 0.0741 

0.004173 0.004211 1.009045 -0.000006 294.4 294.8 294.1 293.7 1.27 407010. 0.0000 0.0734 

0.003978 0.004013 1.009045 -0.000006 294.4 294.7 294.1 293.7 1.14 407065. 0.0000 0.0807 

0.003783 0.003816 1.009045 -0.000006 294.4 294.8 294.1 293.7 1.02 407122. 0.0000 0.0793 

0.003533 0.003564 1.009045 -0.000006 294.4 294.8 294.2 293.7 0.89 407178. 0.0000 0.0808 

0.003261 0.003289 1.009045 -0.000006 294.4 294.8 294.1 293.7 0.76 407234. 0.0000 0.0738 

0.003042 0.003067 1.009045 -0.000006 294.4 294.8 294.1 293.7 0.64 407289. 0.0000 0.0788 

0.002831 0.002854 1.009045 -0.000006 294.4 294.8 294.1 293.7 0.51 407354. 0.0000 0.0823 

0.002561 0.002581 1.009045 -0.000006 294.4 294.8 294.1 293.7 0.38 407410. 0.0000 0.0779 

0.002334 0.002352 1.009045 -0.000006 294.4 294.8 294.1 293.7 0.25 407466. 0.0000 0.0794 

0.001987 0.002001 1.009045 -0.000006 294.4 294.8 294.1 293.7 0.13 407521. 0.0000 0.0817 

0.005085 0.005157 1.000987 0.000058 294.5 294.9 294.3 293.7 1.59 410253. 0.0000 0.0793 

0.005006 0.005077 1.000987 0.000058 294.5 294.9 294.2 293.7 1.52 410306. 0.0000 0.0785 

0.004853 0.004923 1.000987 0.000058 294.5 294.9 294.3 293.7 1.40 410359. 0.0000 0.0755 

0.004663 0.004733 1.000987 0.000058 294.5 294.9 294.2 293.7 1.27 410412. 0.0000 0.0803 

0.004474 0.004544 1.000987 0.000058 294.5 294.9 294.2 293.7 1.14 410468. 0.0000 0.0799 

0.004302 0.004371 1.000987 0.000058 294.5 294.9 294.3 293.7 1.02 410522. 0.0000 0.0747 

0.004080 0.004149 1.000987 0.000058 294.5 294.9 294.2 293.7 0.89 410577. 0.0000 0.0721 

0.003813 0.003881 1.000987 0.000058 294.5 294.9 294.2 293.7 0.76 410632. 0.0000 0.0768 

0.003700 0.003768 1.000987 0.000058 294.5 294.9 294.3 293.7 0.64 410685. 0.0000 0.0627 

0.003460 0.003527 1.000987 0.000058 294.5 294.9 294.3 293.7 0.51 410739. 0.0000 0.0627 

0.003296 0.003363 1.000987 0.000058 294.5 294.9 294.3 293.7 0.38 410798. 0.0000 0.0627 

0.003000 0.003066 1.000987 0.000058 294.5 294.9 294.3 293.7 0.25 410853. 0.0000 0.0627 

0.002693 0.002758 1.000987 0.000058 294.5 294.9 294.3 293.7 0.13 410915. 0.0000 0.0627 

0.005401 0.005435 1.003869 0.000004 294.6 295.1 294.2 293.7 1.59 414268. 0.0000 0.0740 

0.005254 0.005287 1.003869 0.000004 294.6 295.1 294.2 293.7 1.52 414324. 0.0000 0.0789 

0.005067 0.005099 1.003869 0.000004 294.6 295.1 294.2 293.7 1.40 414380. 0.0000 0.0780 

0.004929 0.004961 1.003869 0.000004 294.6 295.1 294.2 293.7 1.27 414435. 0.0000 0.0705 

0.004675 0.004706 1.003869 0.000004 294.6 295.1 294.2 293.7 1.14 414494. 0.0000 0.0691 

0.004599 0.004629 1.003869 0.000004 294.6 295.1 294.2 293.7 1.02 414545. 0.0000 0.0627 

0.004409 0.004438 1.003869 0.000004 294.6 295.1 294.2 293.7 0.89 414605. 0.0000 0.0724 

0.004208 0.004236 1.003869 0.000004 294.6 295.1 294.2 293.7 0.76 414662. 0.0000 0.0627 

0.004000 0.004026 1.003869 0.000004 294.6 295.1 294.2 293.7 0.64 414717. 0.0000 0.0627 

0.003820 0.003845 1.003869 0.000004 294.6 295.1 294.2 293.7 0.51 414775. 0.0000 0.0691 

0.003647 0.003672 1.003869 0.000004 294.6 295.1 294.2 293.7 0.38 414834. 0.0000 0.0727 

0.003382 0.003405 1.003869 0.000004 294.6 295.1 294.2 293.7 0.25 414889. 0.0000 0.0698 

0.003199 0.003221 1.003869 0.000004 294.6 295.1 294.2 293.7 0.13 414947. 0.0000 0.0627 

0.005584 0.005656 1.003422 0.000044 294.6 295.1 294.3 293.7 1.59 418388. 0.0000 0.0627 

0.005722 0.005796 1.003422 0.000044 294.6 295.1 294.3 293.7 1.52 418457. 0.0000 0.0627 

0.005533 0.005605 1.003422 0.000044 294.6 295.1 294.3 293.7 1.40 418510. 0.0000 0.0627 

0.005359 0.005431 1.003422 0.000044 294.6 295.1 294.3 293.7 1.27 418565. 0.0000 0.0627 

0.005183 0.005254 1.003422 0.000044 294.6 295.1 294.2 293.7 1.14 418620. 0.0000 0.0627 

0.005061 0.005131 1.003422 0.000044 294.6 295.1 294.2 293.7 1.02 418674. 0.0000 0.0627 
62

Table H.1.8 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 2000 and xb = 0.3 % 

Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 2000 and xb = 0.3 % 

(file:trv15con2.tbl)

F 

(v)

Fr 

(v) 

F100 

(v) 

F0 

(v) 

TTi

(K)

TTo 

(K)

Ta 

(K)

Tb 

(K)

l 

(mm)

Exposure 

time (s) 

Turbine 

meter 

mw (kg/s) 

Doppler 

meter 

mw (kg/s) 

0.0035970 0.0036550 1.005509 0.0000330 294.6 294.4 294.3 293.7 1.59 613. 0.0906 0.0623 

0.003322 0.003378 1.005509 0.000033 294.6 294.4 294.7 293.7 1.52 749. 0.0931 0.0623 

0.003042 0.003096 1.005509 0.000033 294.6 294.4 294.4 293.7 1.40 792. 0.0942 0.0623 

0.002723 0.002775 1.005509 0.000033 294.6 294.4 294.8 293.7 1.27 837. 0.0904 0.0623 

0.002429 0.002479 1.005509 0.000033 294.6 294.4 294.6 293.7 1.14 881. 0.0909 0.0623 

0.002193 0.002241 1.005509 0.000033 294.5 294.4 294.7 293.7 1.02 922. 0.0942 0.0623 

0.001812 0.001857 1.005509 0.000033 294.5 294.4 294.7 293.6 0.89 966. 0.0952 0.0623 

0.001578 0.001622 1.005509 0.000033 294.5 294.4 294.6 293.7 0.76 1008. 0.0935 0.0623 

0.001261 0.001303 1.005509 0.000033 294.5 294.4 294.4 293.7 0.64 1054. 0.0920 0.0623 

0.000910 0.000949 1.005509 0.000033 294.5 294.4 294.4 293.7 0.51 1097. 0.0943 0.0623 

0.000618 0.000656 1.005509 0.000033 294.5 294.4 294.3 293.7 0.38 1138. 0.0887 0.0623 

0.000226 0.000261 1.005509 0.000033 294.4 294.4 294.7 293.7 0.25 1181. 0.0952 0.0623 

-0.000086 -0.000054 1.005509 0.000033 294.4 294.4 294.2 293.7 0.13 1226. 0.0926 0.0623 

0.003653 0.003637 1.003232 -0.000032 294.4 294.3 294.5 293.7 1.59 1374. 0.0933 0.0623 

0.003463 0.003446 1.003232 -0.000032 294.4 294.3 294.3 293.7 1.52 1422. 0.0900 0.0623 

0.003191 0.003172 1.003232 -0.000032 294.3 294.3 294.5 293.7 1.40 1468. 0.0942 0.0623 

0.002991 0.002972 1.003232 -0.000032 294.3 294.3 294.0 293.7 1.27 1513. 0.0945 0.0623 

0.002751 0.002730 1.003232 -0.000032 294.3 294.2 294.7 293.7 1.14 1557. 0.0896 0.0623 

0.002472 0.002451 1.003232 -0.000032 294.3 294.2 294.6 293.6 1.02 1606. 0.0906 0.0623 

0.002169 0.002146 1.003232 -0.000032 294.2 294.2 294.4 293.7 0.89 1652. 0.0939 0.0623 

0.001908 0.001884 1.003232 -0.000032 294.2 294.2 294.4 293.7 0.76 1694. 0.0934 0.0623 

0.001576 0.001550 1.003232 -0.000032 294.2 294.1 294.4 293.7 0.64 1739. 0.0914 0.0623 

0.001306 0.001279 1.003232 -0.000032 294.2 294.1 294.2 293.7 0.51 1786. 0.0916 0.0623 

0.001026 0.000998 1.003232 -0.000032 294.1 294.1 294.2 293.6 0.38 1831. 0.0879 0.0623 

0.000778 0.000749 1.003232 -0.000032 294.1 294.1 294.4 293.7 0.25 1875. 0.0936 0.0623 

0.000533 0.000503 1.003232 -0.000032 294.1 294.1 294.5 293.7 0.13 1919. 0.0892 0.0623 

0.012290 0.012345 1.004488 0.000009 293.3 293.2 294.2 293.7 1.59 5348. 0.0890 0.0623 

0.012646 0.012703 1.004488 0.000009 293.3 293.2 294.2 293.7 1.52 5391. 0.0890 0.0623 

0.012457 0.012514 1.004488 0.000009 293.3 293.2 294.1 293.7 1.40 5440. 0.0909 0.0623 

0.012575 0.012632 1.004488 0.000009 293.3 293.3 294.2 293.7 1.27 5485. 0.0846 0.0623 

0.013596 0.013657 1.004488 0.000009 293.3 293.3 294.6 293.6 1.14 5528. 0.0882 0.0623 

0.012922 0.012981 1.004488 0.000009 293.3 293.3 294.1 293.7 1.02 5573. 0.0835 0.0623 

0.011067 0.011119 1.004488 0.000009 293.4 293.3 294.2 293.7 0.89 5620. 0.0877 0.0623 

0.009262 0.009308 1.004488 0.000009 293.4 293.3 294.0 293.6 0.76 5667. 0.0891 0.0623 

0.009017 0.009061 1.004488 0.000009 293.4 293.3 294.6 293.7 0.64 5712. 0.0857 0.0623 

0.009151 0.009196 1.004488 0.000009 293.4 293.4 294.6 293.7 0.51 5756. 0.0839 0.0623 

0.009208 0.009254 1.004488 0.000009 293.4 293.4 294.5 293.7 0.38 5804. 0.0856 0.0623 

0.009529 0.009577 1.004488 0.000009 293.4 293.4 294.3 293.7 0.25 5855. 0.0873 0.0623 

0.010371 0.010423 1.004488 0.000009 293.5 293.4 294.6 293.7 0.13 5910. 0.0827 0.0623 

0.018959 0.019067 1.005701 0.000000 293.7 293.6 294.4 293.7 1.59 11545. 0.0909 0.0623 

0.019063 0.019172 1.005701 0.000000 293.7 293.7 294.2 293.7 1.52 11590. 0.0906 0.0623 

0.019103 0.019213 1.005701 0.000000 293.7 293.7 294.2 293.7 1.40 11635. 0.0905 0.0623 

0.019066 0.019176 1.005701 0.000000 293.7 293.7 294.5 293.7 1.27 11678. 0.0897 0.0623 

0.019079 0.019190 1.005701 0.000000 293.8 293.7 294.6 293.7 1.14 11723. 0.0905 0.0623 

0.018951 0.019062 1.005701 0.000000 293.8 293.8 294.4 293.6 1.02 11769. 0.0909 0.0623 

0.017200 0.017301 1.005701 0.000000 293.8 293.8 294.2 293.7 0.89 11820. 0.0919 0.0623 

0.015048 0.015137 1.005701 0.000000 293.8 293.8 294.4 293.7 0.76 11885. 0.0907 0.0623 

0.013818 0.013900 1.005701 0.000000 293.9 293.8 294.6 293.6 0.64 11937. 0.0925 0.0623 

0.013441 0.013522 1.005701 0.000000 293.9 293.8 294.3 293.7 0.51 11982. 0.0910 0.0623 

0.013486 0.013567 1.005701 0.000000 293.9 293.9 294.2 293.6 0.38 12028. 0.0872 0.0623 

0.013593 0.013675 1.005701 0.000000 293.9 293.9 294.6 293.6 0.25 12073. 0.0865 0.0623 

0.013592 0.013673 1.005701 0.000000 293.9 293.9 294.5 293.7 0.13 12118. 0.0895 0.0623 

0.013199 0.013298 1.004021 0.000041 293.9 293.9 294.2 293.7 1.59 12289. 0.0925 0.0623 

0.013292 0.013391 1.004021 0.000041 293.9 293.9 294.8 293.6 1.52 12336. 0.0868 0.0623 

0.013225 0.013324 1.004021 0.000041 293.9 293.9 294.7 293.6 1.40 12382. 0.0901 0.0623 

0.013196 0.013295 1.004021 0.000041 293.9 293.9 294.8 293.7 1.27 12433. 0.0901 0.0623 
63

Table H.1.9 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 4000 and xb = 0.3 % 

Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 4000 and xb = 0.3 % 

(file:trv3con2.tbl)

F 

(v)

Fr 

(v) 

F100 

(v) 

F0 

(v) 

TTi

(K) 

TTo 

(K) 

Ta 

(K) 

Tb 

(K) 

l 

(mm)

Exposure 

time (s) 

Turbine 

meter 

mw (kg/s) 

Doppler 

meter 

mw (kg/s) 

0.011072 0.011157 1.004420 00.000033 293.9 293.9 293.9 293.7 1.59 64840. 0.1899 0.1835 

0.010992 0.011077 1.004420 0.000033 293.9 293.9 293.9 293.7 1.52 64910. 0.1952 0.1842 

0.010911 0.010995 1.004420 0.000033 293.9 293.9 293.9 293.7 1.40 64953. 0.1946 0.1841 

0.010948 0.011031 1.004420 0.000033 293.8 293.8 293.9 293.7 1.27 65012. 0.1887 0.1821 

0.010886 0.010968 1.004420 0.000033 293.8 293.8 293.9 293.7 1.14 65079. 0.1922 0.1690 

0.010847 0.010929 1.004420 0.000033 293.8 293.8 293.9 293.7 1.02 65125. 0.1927 0.1730 

0.010797 0.010878 1.004420 0.000033 293.8 293.8 293.9 293.7 0.89 65175. 0.1940 0.1940 

0.010634 0.010714 1.004420 0.000033 293.8 293.8 294.1 293.7 0.76 65229. 0.1934 0.2099 

0.010665 0.010745 1.004420 0.000033 293.7 293.7 293.9 293.7 0.64 65299. 0.1983 0.2010 

0.010695 0.010775 1.004420 0.000033 293.7 293.7 294.0 293.7 0.51 65349. 0.1922 0.1997 

0.010746 0.010825 1.004420 0.000033 293.6 293.6 294.0 293.7 0.38 65421. 0.1910 0.2042 

0.010743 0.010821 1.004420 0.000033 293.6 293.6 293.9 293.7 0.25 65505. 0.1977 0.1811 

0.010748 0.010825 1.004420 0.000033 293.5 293.5 293.9 293.7 0.13 65555. 0.1887 0.1470 

0.011404 0.011431 1.003228 -0.000015 294.0 293.9 293.9 293.7 1.59 68691. 0.1910 0.1550 

0.011317 0.011343 1.003228 -0.000015 293.9 293.9 293.9 293.7 1.52 68759. 0.1958 0.1605 

0.011275 0.011301 1.003228 -0.000015 293.9 293.9 293.9 293.7 1.40 68808. 0.1989 0.1385 

0.011285 0.011311 1.003228 -0.000015 293.9 293.9 293.9 293.7 1.27 68854. 0.1910 0.1457 

0.011252 0.011278 1.003228 -0.000015 293.9 293.9 293.9 293.7 1.14 68898. 0.1853 0.1799 

0.011261 0.011286 1.003228 -0.000015 293.9 293.9 294.0 293.7 1.02 68943. 0.1964 0.1686 

0.011191 0.011215 1.003228 -0.000015 293.8 293.8 294.0 293.7 0.89 69033. 0.1934 0.1802 

0.011306 0.011331 1.003228 -0.000015 293.8 293.8 293.9 293.7 0.76 69084. 0.1893 0.1982 

0.011366 0.011390 1.003228 -0.000015 293.8 293.8 293.9 293.7 0.64 69132. 0.1940 0.1949 

0.011243 0.011266 1.003228 -0.000015 293.8 293.8 293.9 293.7 0.51 69177. 0.1916 0.1955 

0.011259 0.011282 1.003228 -0.000015 293.8 293.7 294.0 293.7 0.38 69225. 0.1843 0.2035 

0.011345 0.011368 1.003228 -0.000015 293.7 293.7 293.9 293.7 0.25 69274. 0.1922 0.2078 

0.011269 0.011292 1.003228 -0.000015 293.7 293.7 294.0 293.7 0.13 69322. 0.1910 0.2029 

0.011701 0.011696 1.006369 -0.000084 293.9 293.9 294.1 293.7 1.59 72093. 0.1922 0.1646 

0.011799 0.011796 1.006369 -0.000084 293.9 293.9 294.1 293.7 1.52 72139. 0.1946 0.1650 

0.011717 0.011713 1.006369 -0.000084 293.9 293.9 294.1 293.7 1.40 72186. 0.1945 0.1533 

0.011791 0.011788 1.006369 -0.000084 293.9 293.9 294.1 293.7 1.27 72236. 0.1893 0.1609 

0.011637 0.011633 1.006369 -0.000084 294.0 293.9 294.1 293.7 1.14 72284. 0.1951 0.1636 

0.011679 0.011675 1.006369 -0.000084 294.0 293.9 294.1 293.7 1.02 72331. 0.1952 0.1873 

0.011720 0.011717 1.006369 -0.000084 294.0 293.9 294.1 293.7 0.89 72379. 0.1853 0.2214 

0.011621 0.011617 1.006369 -0.000084 294.0 294.0 294.1 293.7 0.76 72428. 0.1927 0.2032 

0.011719 0.011716 1.006369 -0.000084 294.0 293.9 294.1 293.7 0.64 72482. 0.1865 0.1756 

0.011645 0.011641 1.006369 -0.000084 294.0 293.9 294.0 293.7 0.51 72531. 0.1945 0.1689 

0.011779 0.011776 1.006369 -0.000084 294.0 294.0 294.0 293.7 0.38 72577. 0.1881 0.1765 

0.011726 0.011723 1.006369 -0.000084 293.9 293.9 294.0 293.7 0.25 72621. 0.1977 0.1734 

0.011862 0.011860 1.006369 -0.000084 293.9 293.9 294.0 293.7 0.13 72668. 0.1904 0.1744 

0.012166 0.012227 1.008294 -0.000045 294.0 293.9 294.1 293.7 1.59 76231. 0.1945 0.1881 

0.012174 0.012236 1.008294 -0.000045 294.0 293.9 294.1 293.7 1.52 76278. 0.1922 0.1710 

0.012214 0.012276 1.008294 -0.000045 294.0 293.9 294.1 293.7 1.40 76326. 0.1837 0.1822 

0.012061 0.012121 1.008294 -0.000045 294.0 294.0 294.1 293.7 1.27 76375. 0.1898 0.1925 

0.012127 0.012188 1.008294 -0.000045 294.0 293.9 294.1 293.7 1.14 76421. 0.1910 0.1880 

0.012160 0.012222 1.008294 -0.000045 294.0 293.9 294.1 293.7 1.02 76475. 0.1934 0.1821 

0.012168 0.012230 1.008294 -0.000045 294.0 294.0 294.2 293.7 0.89 76523. 0.1934 0.1814 

0.012160 0.012222 1.008294 -0.000045 294.0 293.9 294.1 293.7 0.76 76568. 0.1853 0.1850 

0.012271 0.012333 1.008294 -0.000045 294.0 293.9 294.1 293.7 0.64 76613. 0.1859 0.1863 

0.012255 0.012318 1.008294 -0.000045 294.0 293.9 294.2 293.7 0.51 76659. 0.1934 0.1865 

0.012299 0.012361 1.008294 -0.000045 294.0 293.9 294.1 293.7 0.38 76707. 0.1983 0.1735 

0.012432 0.012495 1.008294 -0.000045 293.9 293.9 294.1 293.7 0.25 76755. 0.1983 0.1723 

0.012438 0.012501 1.008294 -0.000045 293.9 293.9 294.2 293.7 0.13 76826. 0.1934 0.1663 

0.012171 0.012131 1.004779 -0.000097 293.6 293.5 294.3 293.7 1.59 79482. 0.1952 0.1872 

0.012184 0.012144 1.004779 -0.000097 293.6 293.5 294.3 293.7 1.52 79525. 0.1899 0.1769 

0.012254 0.012216 1.004779 -0.000097 293.6 293.6 294.2 293.7 1.40 79573. 0.1910 0.1438 

0.012222 0.012183 1.004779 -0.000097 293.6 293.6 294.2 293.7 1.27 79620. 0.1848 0.1511 
64

Table H.1.10 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 5000 and xb = 0.3 % 

Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 5000 and xb = 0.3 % 

(file:trv45con2.tbl)

F 

(v)

Fr 

(v) 

F100 

(v) 

F0 

(v) 

TTi

(K) 

TTo 

(K) 

Ta 

(K) 

Tb 

(K) 

l 

(mm)

Exposure 

time (s) 

Turbine 

meter 

mw (kg/s) 

Doppler 

meter 

mw (kg/s) 

0.004208 0.004205 0.993235 00.000034 292.4 292.4 295.4 293.7 1.59 4061. 0.2420 0.2266 

0.004008 0.004007 0.993235 0.000034 292.4 292.4 295.3 293.7 1.52 4103. 0.2488 0.2322 

0.003698 0.003700 0.993235 0.000034 292.5 292.5 295.2 293.7 1.40 4144. 0.2488 0.2378 

0.003431 0.003435 0.993235 0.000034 292.5 292.5 294.6 293.7 1.27 4187. 0.2497 0.2440 

0.003121 0.003128 0.993235 0.000034 292.6 292.5 294.4 293.7 1.14 4229. 0.2420 0.2478 

0.002796 0.002806 0.993235 0.000034 292.6 292.6 294.9 293.7 1.02 4271. 0.2458 0.2502 

0.002473 0.002486 0.993235 0.000034 292.6 292.6 295.4 293.7 0.89 4315. 0.2458 0.2462 

0.002210 0.002226 0.993235 0.000034 292.7 292.6 295.1 293.7 0.76 4360. 0.2507 0.2210 

0.001853 0.001871 0.993235 0.000034 292.7 292.7 295.7 293.7 0.64 4402. 0.2528 0.2271 

0.001530 0.001551 0.993235 0.000034 292.8 292.7 295.8 293.7 0.51 4444. 0.2449 0.2448 

0.001180 0.001204 0.993235 0.000034 292.8 292.8 295.6 293.7 0.38 4488. 0.2401 0.2488 

0.000923 0.000950 0.993235 0.000034 292.8 292.8 295.5 293.7 0.25 4530. 0.2338 0.2444 

0.000681 0.000709 0.993235 0.000034 292.9 292.9 295.7 293.7 0.13 4574. 0.2508 0.2383 

0.004110 0.004058 0.989872 -0.000007 293.1 293.0 294.7 293.7 1.59 4733. 0.2497 0.2248 

0.003916 0.003865 0.989872 -0.000007 293.1 293.1 295.0 293.7 1.52 4776. 0.2487 0.2322 

0.003659 0.003612 0.989872 -0.000007 293.1 293.1 296.1 293.7 1.40 4819. 0.2401 0.2489 

0.003347 0.003304 0.989872 -0.000007 293.2 293.1 295.7 293.7 1.27 4862. 0.2458 0.2416 

0.003064 0.003024 0.989872 -0.000007 293.2 293.2 296.3 293.7 1.14 4903. 0.2392 0.2417 

0.002810 0.002772 0.989872 -0.000007 293.2 293.2 296.2 293.7 1.02 4948. 0.2478 0.2329 

0.002424 0.002391 0.989872 -0.000007 293.3 293.3 295.4 293.7 0.89 4990. 0.2402 0.2246 

0.002123 0.002093 0.989872 -0.000007 293.3 293.3 295.2 293.7 0.76 5032. 0.2478 0.2041 

0.001808 0.001782 0.989872 -0.000007 293.4 293.3 294.8 293.7 0.64 5077. 0.2402 0.2124 

0.001516 0.001493 0.989872 -0.000007 293.4 293.4 296.0 293.7 0.51 5121. 0.2468 0.2318 

0.001248 0.001228 0.989872 -0.000007 293.4 293.4 295.8 293.6 0.38 5163. 0.2402 0.2284 

0.000887 0.000871 0.989872 -0.000007 293.5 293.4 295.8 293.7 0.25 5205. 0.2339 0.2381 

0.000559 0.000546 0.989872 -0.000007 293.5 293.5 295.9 293.7 0.13 5247. 0.2467 0.2513 

0.004139 0.004004 0.984469 -0.000074 294.4 294.4 295.9 293.7 1.59 7217. 0.2383 0.2167 

0.004077 0.003944 0.984469 -0.000074 294.4 294.4 295.8 293.7 1.52 7260. 0.2374 0.2182 

0.003855 0.003725 0.984469 -0.000074 294.3 294.3 295.9 293.7 1.40 7312. 0.2497 0.2093 

0.003594 0.003468 0.984469 -0.000074 294.3 294.3 295.9 293.7 1.27 7363. 0.2401 0.2119 

0.003310 0.003187 0.984469 -0.000074 294.3 294.3 295.8 293.7 1.14 7418. 0.2448 0.2173 

0.002939 0.002822 0.984469 -0.000074 294.3 294.3 295.8 293.7 1.02 7466. 0.2497 0.2195 

0.002658 0.002545 0.984469 -0.000074 294.3 294.3 296.1 293.7 0.89 7510. 0.2476 0.2221 

0.002330 0.002222 0.984469 -0.000074 294.3 294.3 296.0 293.7 0.76 7553. 0.2467 0.2251 

0.002069 0.001965 0.984469 -0.000074 294.3 294.2 296.0 293.7 0.64 7596. 0.2497 0.2678 

0.001724 0.001625 0.984469 -0.000074 294.3 294.2 296.1 293.7 0.51 7638. 0.2497 0.2355 

0.001494 0.001398 0.984469 -0.000074 294.2 294.2 295.7 293.7 0.38 7682. 0.2517 0.2429 

0.001162 0.001071 0.984469 -0.000074 294.2 294.2 295.3 293.7 0.25 7724. 0.2400 0.2493 

0.000913 0.000826 0.984469 -0.000074 294.2 294.2 295.9 293.7 0.13 7767. 0.2429 0.2530 

0.003987 0.004049 1.005697 0.000037 294.1 294.0 296.5 293.7 1.59 72772. 0.2558 0.2324 

0.003930 0.003992 1.005697 0.000037 294.1 294.0 296.3 293.7 1.52 72816. 0.2558 0.2511 

0.003774 0.003835 1.005697 0.000037 294.1 294.0 296.4 293.6 1.40 72863. 0.2569 0.2579 

0.003574 0.003634 1.005697 0.000037 294.1 294.1 296.7 293.7 1.27 72904. 0.2476 0.2651 

0.003399 0.003458 1.005697 0.000037 294.1 294.1 296.4 293.7 1.14 72945. 0.2622 0.2697 

0.003093 0.003149 1.005697 0.000037 294.1 294.1 296.4 293.7 1.02 72988. 0.2601 0.2501 

0.002719 0.002774 1.005697 0.000037 294.1 294.1 296.3 293.7 0.89 73030. 0.2548 0.2617 

0.002359 0.002411 1.005697 0.000037 294.1 294.1 296.3 293.7 0.76 73071. 0.2569 0.2594 

0.002145 0.002196 1.005697 0.000037 294.1 294.1 296.4 293.7 0.64 73115. 0.2548 0.2626 

0.001927 0.001977 1.005697 0.000037 294.1 294.1 296.4 293.7 0.51 73157. 0.2590 0.2634 

0.001635 0.001683 1.005697 0.000037 294.1 294.1 296.4 293.7 0.38 73202. 0.2611 0.2676 

0.001386 0.001432 1.005697 0.000037 294.1 294.1 296.6 293.7 0.25 73245. 0.2458 0.2695 

0.001104 0.001149 1.005697 0.000037 294.1 294.1 296.5 293.7 0.13 73286. 0.2537 0.2679 

0.004063 0.004069 1.008256 -0.000031 294.1 294.1 296.8 293.7 1.59 73421. 0.2477 0.2603 

0.003791 0.003794 1.008256 -0.000031 294.1 294.1 296.5 293.7 1.52 73462. 0.2634 0.2560 

0.003890 0.003893 1.008256 -0.000031 294.1 294.1 296.3 293.7 1.40 73506. 0.2611 0.2613 

0.003280 0.003278 1.008256 -0.000031 294.1 294.1 296.5 293.7 1.27 73548. 0.2506 0.2641 

0.003152 0.003149 1.008256 -0.000031 294.1 294.0 296.6 293.7 1.14 73591. 0.2487 0.2619 
65

Table H.1.11 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 7000 and xb = 0.3 % 

Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 7000 and xb = 0.3 % 

(file:trv6con2.tbl) 

F 

(v)

Fr 

(v) 

F100 

(v) 

F0 

(v) 

TTi

(K) 

TTo 

(K) 

Ta 

(K) 

Tb 

(K) 

l 

(mm)

Exposure 

time (s) 

Turbine 

meter 

mw (kg/s) 

Doppler 

meter 

mw (kg/s) 

0.013240 0.013403 1.004572 0.000105 293.6 293.6 294.5 293.7 1.59 63545. 0.3372 0.0624 

0.015901 0.016076 1.004572 0.000105 293.6 293.6 294.5 293.7 1.52 63592. 0.3354 0.0624 

0.013409 0.013573 1.004572 0.000105 293.6 293.6 294.6 293.7 1.40 63638. 0.3372 0.3744 

0.010815 0.010968 1.004572 0.000105 293.7 293.6 294.5 293.7 1.27 63685. 0.3198 0.0625 

0.012913 0.013076 1.004572 0.000105 293.7 293.7 294.5 293.7 1.14 63734. 0.3182 0.0624 

0.009349 0.009496 1.004572 0.000105 293.7 293.7 294.5 293.7 1.02 63782. 0.3150 0.0654 

0.009588 0.009737 1.004572 0.000105 293.8 293.7 294.6 293.7 0.89 63831. 0.3265 0.0624 

0.007571 0.007712 1.004572 0.000105 293.8 293.8 294.6 293.7 0.76 63880. 0.3248 0.0624 

0.006367 0.006503 1.004572 0.000105 293.8 293.8 294.6 293.7 0.64 63929. 0.3389 0.0624 

0.006039 0.006174 1.004572 0.000105 293.9 293.8 294.5 293.6 0.51 63980. 0.3102 0.0624 

0.004005 0.004130 1.004572 0.000105 293.9 293.9 294.6 293.7 0.38 64031. 0.3299 0.3531 

0.003336 0.003458 1.004572 0.000105 293.9 293.9 294.6 293.6 0.25 64083. 0.3407 0.0624 

0.004463 0.004590 1.004572 0.000105 293.9 293.9 294.5 293.6 0.13 64129. 0.3198 0.0624 

0.014031 0.014287 1.009780 0.000126 293.5 293.5 294.6 293.7 1.59 67123. 0.3246 0.0624 

0.015226 0.015493 1.009780 0.000126 293.5 293.5 294.6 293.7 1.52 67170. 0.3248 0.0624 

0.011928 0.012165 1.009780 0.000126 293.4 293.4 294.6 293.7 1.40 67218. 0.3231 0.0625 

0.011950 0.012186 1.009780 0.000126 293.4 293.4 294.6 293.7 1.27 67262. 0.3353 0.3073 

0.013350 0.013599 1.009780 0.000126 293.4 293.4 294.6 293.7 1.14 67309. 0.3353 0.0624 

0.009006 0.009215 1.009780 0.000126 293.4 293.4 294.6 293.7 1.02 67355. 0.3246 0.0626 

0.009475 0.009688 1.009780 0.000126 293.4 293.4 294.5 293.7 0.89 67405. 0.3371 0.0624 

0.007716 0.007913 1.009780 0.000126 293.4 293.4 294.4 293.7 0.76 67453. 0.3281 0.0624 

0.006117 0.006299 1.009780 0.000126 293.4 293.4 294.4 293.7 0.64 67505. 0.3182 0.0628 

0.005736 0.005914 1.009780 0.000126 293.4 293.4 294.5 293.7 0.51 67553. 0.3317 0.3902 

0.004038 0.004201 1.009780 0.000126 293.4 293.4 294.3 293.7 0.38 67601. 0.3317 0.3837 

0.003438 0.003595 1.009780 0.000126 293.4 293.4 294.4 293.7 0.25 67648. 0.3133 0.0624 

0.002834 0.002986 1.009780 0.000126 293.4 293.4 294.4 293.7 0.13 67693. 0.3389 0.3960 

0.006600 0.006756 1.007389 0.000107 293.7 293.7 294.2 293.7 1.59 71007. 0.3183 0.3181 

0.006594 0.006749 1.007389 0.000107 293.6 293.6 294.1 293.7 1.52 71064. 0.3486 0.3096 

0.006078 0.006229 1.007389 0.000107 293.6 293.6 294.2 293.7 1.40 71120. 0.3267 0.3206 

0.005643 0.005791 1.007389 0.000107 293.6 293.6 294.0 293.7 1.27 71171. 0.3392 0.3277 

0.005132 0.005276 1.007389 0.000107 293.6 293.6 294.1 293.7 1.14 71215. 0.3430 0.3223 

0.004617 0.004757 1.007389 0.000107 293.5 293.5 294.1 293.7 1.02 71261. 0.3251 0.3223 

0.004079 0.004215 1.007389 0.000107 293.5 293.5 294.2 293.7 0.89 71313. 0.3392 0.3417 

0.003558 0.003690 1.007389 0.000107 293.5 293.5 294.4 293.7 0.76 71362. 0.3234 0.3463 

0.003162 0.003291 1.007389 0.000107 293.5 293.5 294.1 293.7 0.64 71407. 0.3320 0.3249 

0.002323 0.002447 1.007389 0.000107 293.5 293.5 294.0 293.7 0.51 71457. 0.3354 0.3325 

0.002056 0.002178 1.007389 0.000107 293.4 293.4 294.4 293.7 0.38 71502. 0.3320 0.3336 

0.001764 0.001884 1.007389 0.000107 293.4 293.4 294.1 293.7 0.25 71548. 0.3392 0.3316 

0.001366 0.001482 1.007389 0.000107 293.4 293.4 294.4 293.7 0.13 71593. 0.3217 0.3290 

0.006422 0.006540 1.005913 0.000077 294.0 294.0 294.3 293.7 1.59 74448. 0.3392 0.3111 

0.006279 0.006396 1.005913 0.000077 294.0 294.0 294.1 293.7 1.52 74495. 0.3185 0.3107 

0.005683 0.005796 1.005913 0.000077 294.0 294.0 294.0 293.7 1.40 74538. 0.3429 0.2996 

0.005293 0.005404 1.005913 0.000077 294.0 294.0 294.2 293.7 1.27 74584. 0.3392 0.3098 

0.004710 0.004817 1.005913 0.000077 294.0 293.9 294.3 293.7 1.14 74629. 0.3338 0.3120 

0.004242 0.004345 1.005913 0.000077 294.0 293.9 294.2 293.7 1.02 74679. 0.3447 0.3138 

0.003850 0.003951 1.005913 0.000077 293.9 293.9 294.1 293.7 0.89 74725. 0.3268 0.3178 

0.003439 0.003537 1.005913 0.000077 293.9 293.9 294.4 293.7 0.76 74768. 0.3374 0.3251 

0.002879 0.002974 1.005913 0.000077 293.9 293.9 294.4 293.7 0.64 74816. 0.3410 0.3271 

0.002648 0.002741 1.005913 0.000077 293.9 293.9 294.1 293.7 0.51 74862. 0.3429 0.3340 

0.002338 0.002429 1.005913 0.000077 293.9 293.9 294.0 293.7 0.38 74908. 0.3410 0.3447 

0.002140 0.002230 1.005913 0.000077 293.8 293.8 294.4 293.7 0.25 74956. 0.3268 0.3455 

0.002386 0.002477 1.005913 0.000077 293.8 293.8 294.3 293.7 0.13 75002. 0.3320 0.3456 

0.004443 0.004531 1.014729 0.000021 293.9 293.9 294.3 293.7 1.59 79055. 0.3302 0.3190 

0.004224 0.004308 1.014729 0.000021 293.9 293.9 294.4 293.7 1.52 79101. 0.3485 0.3097 

0.003983 0.004064 1.014729 0.000021 293.9 293.9 294.4 293.7 1.40 79145. 0.3216 0.3186 

0.003816 0.003894 1.014729 0.000021 293.9 293.8 294.3 293.7 1.27 79190. 0.3391 0.3295 

0.003562 0.003636 1.014729 0.000021 293.8 293.8 294.3 293.7 1.14 79238. 0.3267 0.3324 
66

Table H.1.12 Tap water flushing after Re = 5000 contamination tests at xb = 0.3 % 

Tap water flushing after Re = 5000 contamination tests at xb = 0.3 % (file:flsh45c2.tbl) 

F 

(v)

Fr 

(v) 

F100 

(v) 

F0 

(v) 

TTi

(K)

TTo 

(K)

Ta 

(K)

Tb 

(K)

l 

(mm)

Exposure 

time (s) 

Turbine 

meter 

mw (kg/s) 

Doppler 

meter 

mw (kg/s) 

00.000048 00.000113 1.007885 00.000065 293.3 293.1 297.0 293.7 1.59 402. N/A N/A 

-0.000054 0.000010 1.007885 0.000065 292.7 292.5 297.2 293.7 1.52 453. N/A N/A 

0.000103 0.000169 1.007885 0.000065 292.1 291.9 297.1 293.7 1.40 506. N/A N/A 

0.000066 0.000131 1.007885 0.000065 291.6 291.4 297.0 293.7 1.27 557. N/A N/A 

0.000034 0.000099 1.007885 0.000065 291.1 290.9 297.0 293.7 1.14 610. N/A N/A 

0.000180 0.000245 1.007885 0.000065 290.6 290.5 296.9 293.7 1.02 663. N/A N/A 

0.000047 0.000111 1.007885 0.000065 290.2 290.0 296.9 293.7 0.89 719. N/A N/A 

0.000019 0.000083 1.007885 0.000065 289.7 289.5 296.7 293.7 0.76 775. N/A N/A 

0.000044 0.000108 1.007885 0.000065 289.3 289.1 296.8 293.7 0.64 832. N/A N/A 

0.000029 0.000093 1.007885 0.000065 289.0 288.8 296.9 293.7 0.51 886. N/A N/A 

0.000113 0.000177 1.007885 0.000065 288.7 288.6 296.9 293.7 0.38 938. N/A N/A 

0.000299 0.000363 1.007885 0.000065 288.5 288.4 297.0 293.7 0.25 995. N/A N/A 

0.000638 0.000702 1.007885 0.000065 288.4 288.3 297.0 293.7 0.13 1053. N/A N/A 

0.000061 0.000048 1.006992 -0.000012 286.4 286.4 297.0 293.7 1.59 3736. N/A N/A 

-0.000004 -0.000016 1.006992 -0.000012 286.4 286.4 296.8 293.7 1.52 3787. N/A N/A 

0.000019 0.000006 1.006992 -0.000012 286.4 286.4 297.0 293.7 1.40 3842. N/A N/A 

0.000000 -0.000012 1.006992 -0.000012 286.4 286.4 297.2 293.7 1.27 3902. N/A N/A 

0.000025 0.000013 1.006992 -0.000012 286.4 286.3 297.1 293.7 1.14 3958. N/A N/A 

0.000029 0.000016 1.006992 -0.000012 286.4 286.4 297.0 293.7 1.02 4013. N/A N/A 

0.000017 0.000005 1.006992 -0.000012 286.4 286.4 297.0 293.7 0.89 4070. N/A N/A 

0.000038 0.000026 1.006992 -0.000012 286.4 286.4 297.1 293.7 0.76 4124. N/A N/A 

0.000029 0.000016 1.006992 -0.000012 286.4 286.4 297.4 293.7 0.64 4180. N/A N/A 

0.000049 0.000037 1.006992 -0.000012 286.4 286.4 297.0 293.7 0.51 4234. N/A N/A 

0.000018 0.000006 1.006992 -0.000012 286.4 286.3 297.0 293.7 0.38 4294. N/A N/A 

0.000023 0.000011 1.006992 -0.000012 286.4 286.4 297.2 293.7 0.25 4349. N/A N/A 

-0.000002 -0.000014 1.006992 -0.000012 286.4 286.3 297.3 293.7 0.13 4406. N/A N/A 

-0.000262 -0.000424 1.006313 -0.000164 287.3 287.3 295.0 293.7 1.59 64014. N/A N/A 

-0.000287 -0.000449 1.006313 -0.000164 287.3 287.3 295.0 293.7 1.52 64064. N/A N/A 

-0.000282 -0.000443 1.006313 -0.000164 287.3 287.3 295.1 293.6 1.40 64118. N/A N/A 

-0.000297 -0.000459 1.006313 -0.000164 287.3 287.3 295.0 293.7 1.27 64176. N/A N/A 

-0.000306 -0.000468 1.006313 -0.000164 287.3 287.3 295.0 293.7 1.14 64239. N/A N/A 

-0.000310 -0.000471 1.006313 -0.000164 287.3 287.3 295.0 293.7 1.02 64292. N/A N/A 

-0.000308 -0.000469 1.006313 -0.000164 287.3 287.3 295.1 293.7 0.89 64346. N/A N/A 

-0.000289 -0.000451 1.006313 -0.000164 287.3 287.3 295.1 293.7 0.76 64398. N/A N/A 

-0.000298 -0.000460 1.006313 -0.000164 287.3 287.3 295.3 293.7 0.64 64452. N/A N/A 

-0.000302 -0.000464 1.006313 -0.000164 287.3 287.3 295.4 293.6 0.51 64508. N/A N/A 

-0.000305 -0.000467 1.006313 -0.000164 287.3 287.3 295.1 293.7 0.38 64560. N/A N/A 

-0.000313 -0.000474 1.006313 -0.000164 287.3 287.3 295.2 293.7 0.25 64612. N/A N/A 

-0.000311 -0.000472 1.006313 -0.000164 287.3 287.3 295.1 293.7 0.13 64667. N/A N/A 

-0.000130 -0.000221 1.003946 -0.000093 287.4 287.3 295.3 293.7 1.59 64866. N/A N/A 

-0.000142 -0.000233 1.003946 -0.000093 287.4 287.3 295.0 293.7 1.52 64920. N/A N/A 

-0.000145 -0.000237 1.003946 -0.000093 287.4 287.3 295.3 293.7 1.40 64975. N/A N/A 

-0.000119 -0.000211 1.003946 -0.000093 287.4 287.3 295.3 293.7 1.27 65027. N/A N/A 

-0.000142 -0.000234 1.003946 -0.000093 287.4 287.3 295.1 293.7 1.14 65082. N/A N/A 

-0.000162 -0.000253 1.003946 -0.000093 287.4 287.3 295.1 293.7 1.02 65135. N/A N/A 

-0.000138 -0.000229 1.003946 -0.000093 287.4 287.3 295.0 293.6 0.89 65188. N/A N/A 

-0.000132 -0.000224 1.003946 -0.000093 287.4 287.3 295.3 293.7 0.76 65245. N/A N/A 

-0.000127 -0.000218 1.003946 -0.000093 287.4 287.3 295.2 293.6 0.64 65300. N/A N/A 

-0.000144 -0.000235 1.003946 -0.000093 287.4 287.3 295.3 293.7 0.51 65351. N/A N/A 

-0.000139 -0.000230 1.003946 -0.000093 287.4 287.3 295.2 293.6 0.38 65405. N/A N/A 

-0.000136 -0.000227 1.003946 -0.000093 287.4 287.3 295.1 293.7 0.25 65458. N/A N/A 

-0.000135 -0.000226 1.003946 -0.000093 287.4 287.3 295.4 293.7 0.13 65513. N/A N/A 

-0.000254 -0.000184 1.008369 0.000071 287.5 287.5 295.2 293.7 1.59 67977. N/A N/A 

-0.000289 -0.000218 1.008369 0.000071 287.5 287.5 295.3 293.7 1.52 68028. N/A N/A 

-0.000286 -0.000216 1.008369 0.000071 287.5 287.5 295.4 293.7 1.40 68086. N/A N/A 

-0.000299 -0.000228 1.008369 0.000071 287.5 287.5 295.2 293.7 1.27 68139. N/A N/A 

-0.000294 -0.000224 1.008369 0.000071 287.5 287.5 295.2 293.7 1.14 68190. N/A N/A 

-0.000283 -0.000213 1.008369 0.000071 287.5 287.5 295.1 293.7 1.02 68242. N/A N/A 
67

Table H.1.13 Tap water flushing after Re = 7000 contamination tests at xb = 0.3 % 

Tap water flushing after Re = 7000 contamination tests at xb = 0.3 % (file:flsh6c2.tbl) 

F 

(v)

Fr 

(v) 

F100 

(v) 

F0 

(v) 

TTi

(K)

TTo 

(K)

Ta 

(K)

Tb 

(K)

l 

(mm)

Exposure 

time (s) 

Turbine 

meter 

mw (kg/s) 

Doppler 

meter 

mw (kg/s) 

-

00.000236 

-

00.000174 

1.005803 00.000064 296.9 296.8 295.4 293.7 1.59 0. N/A N/A 

-0.000369 -0.000308 1.005803 0.000064 296.0 295.9 295.4 293.7 1.52 56. N/A N/A 

-0.000370 -0.000309 1.005803 0.000064 295.5 295.4 295.4 293.7 1.40 110. N/A N/A 

-0.000406 -0.000345 1.005803 0.000064 294.9 294.8 295.4 293.7 1.27 165. N/A N/A 

-0.000409 -0.000347 1.005803 0.000064 294.3 294.1 295.4 293.7 1.14 218. N/A N/A 

-0.000421 -0.000359 1.005803 0.000064 293.6 293.5 295.4 293.7 1.02 276. N/A N/A 

-0.000425 -0.000363 1.005803 0.000064 293.0 292.8 295.4 293.7 0.89 328. N/A N/A 

-0.000423 -0.000360 1.005803 0.000064 292.1 291.8 295.4 293.7 0.76 383. N/A N/A 

-0.000438 -0.000375 1.005803 0.000064 290.9 290.7 295.4 293.7 0.64 439. N/A N/A 

-0.000438 -0.000375 1.005803 0.000064 290.0 289.7 295.4 293.7 0.51 492. N/A N/A 

-0.000453 -0.000389 1.005803 0.000064 289.2 288.9 295.4 293.7 0.38 544. N/A N/A 

-0.000411 -0.000347 1.005803 0.000064 288.5 288.3 295.4 293.7 0.25 600. N/A N/A 

-0.000442 -0.000377 1.005803 0.000064 288.0 287.7 295.4 293.7 0.13 654. N/A N/A 

0.000007 0.000068 1.010679 0.000062 284.3 284.2 296.1 293.7 1.59 11606. N/A N/A 

-0.000037 0.000025 1.010679 0.000062 284.3 284.2 296.1 293.7 1.52 11662. N/A N/A 

-0.000023 0.000038 1.010679 0.000062 284.3 284.2 296.0 293.7 1.40 11753. N/A N/A 

-0.000025 0.000036 1.010679 0.000062 284.2 284.2 296.0 293.7 1.27 11809. N/A N/A 

-0.000035 0.000026 1.010679 0.000062 284.2 284.2 296.1 293.7 1.14 11862. N/A N/A 

-0.000033 0.000029 1.010679 0.000062 284.2 284.2 296.0 293.7 1.02 11918. N/A N/A 

0.000006 0.000067 1.010679 0.000062 284.2 284.1 296.1 293.7 0.89 11974. N/A N/A 

-0.000007 0.000054 1.010679 0.000062 284.2 284.2 296.1 293.7 0.76 12030. N/A N/A 

-0.000025 0.000036 1.010679 0.000062 284.2 284.1 296.1 293.7 0.64 12091. N/A N/A 

0.000000 0.000061 1.010679 0.000062 284.2 284.1 296.1 293.7 0.51 12143. N/A N/A 

-0.000012 0.000050 1.010679 0.000062 284.2 284.1 296.1 293.7 0.38 12197. N/A N/A 

-0.000037 0.000024 1.010679 0.000062 284.2 284.1 296.1 293.7 0.25 12250. N/A N/A 

-0.000042 0.000019 1.010679 0.000062 284.2 284.1 296.1 293.7 0.13 12305. N/A N/A 

-0.000055 0.000002 1.003075 0.000057 283.7 283.6 295.6 293.7 1.59 15484. N/A N/A 

-0.000104 -0.000047 1.003075 0.000057 283.7 283.7 295.8 293.7 1.52 15541. N/A N/A 

-0.000149 -0.000091 1.003075 0.000057 283.7 283.7 295.7 293.7 1.40 15599. N/A N/A 

-0.000141 -0.000084 1.003075 0.000057 283.7 283.6 295.7 293.7 1.27 15652. N/A N/A 

-0.000123 -0.000066 1.003075 0.000057 283.7 283.7 295.4 293.7 1.14 15722. N/A N/A 

-0.000129 -0.000072 1.003075 0.000057 283.7 283.7 295.5 293.7 1.02 15778. N/A N/A 

-0.000098 -0.000041 1.003075 0.000057 283.7 283.7 295.7 293.7 0.89 15835. N/A N/A 

-0.000129 -0.000072 1.003075 0.000057 283.8 283.7 295.8 293.7 0.76 15890. N/A N/A 

-0.000126 -0.000069 1.003075 0.000057 283.7 283.7 295.3 293.7 0.64 15953. N/A N/A 

-0.000152 -0.000094 1.003075 0.000057 283.7 283.6 295.2 293.7 0.51 16008. N/A N/A 

-0.000127 -0.000070 1.003075 0.000057 283.7 283.6 295.7 293.7 0.38 16065. N/A N/A 

-0.000187 -0.000129 1.003075 0.000057 283.7 283.7 295.4 293.7 0.25 16120. N/A N/A 

-0.000173 -0.000115 1.003075 0.000057 283.7 283.6 295.4 293.7 0.13 16191. N/A N/A 

-0.000298 -0.000403 1.005909 -0.000108 285.3 285.3 294.0 293.7 1.59 77260. N/A N/A 

-0.000334 -0.000438 1.005909 -0.000108 285.3 285.3 294.0 293.7 1.52 77315. N/A N/A 

-0.000319 -0.000423 1.005909 -0.000108 285.3 285.3 294.2 293.7 1.40 77369. N/A N/A 

-0.000357 -0.000461 1.005909 -0.000108 285.3 285.3 294.1 293.7 1.27 77421. N/A N/A 

-0.000316 -0.000421 1.005909 -0.000108 285.3 285.3 294.0 293.7 1.14 77475. N/A N/A 

-0.000364 -0.000468 1.005909 -0.000108 285.3 285.3 293.9 293.7 1.02 77526. N/A N/A 

-0.000340 -0.000444 1.005909 -0.000108 285.3 285.3 294.0 293.7 0.89 77580. N/A N/A 

-0.000316 -0.000420 1.005909 -0.000108 285.3 285.3 294.0 293.7 0.76 77632. N/A N/A 

-0.000324 -0.000429 1.005909 -0.000108 285.3 285.3 294.1 293.7 0.64 77682. N/A N/A 

-0.000313 -0.000417 1.005909 -0.000108 285.3 285.3 293.9 293.7 0.51 77735. N/A N/A 

-0.000346 -0.000450 1.005909 -0.000108 285.3 285.3 294.0 293.7 0.38 77789. N/A N/A 

-0.000366 -0.000470 1.005909 -0.000108 285.3 285.3 294.0 293.7 0.25 77841. N/A N/A 

-0.000355 -0.000458 1.005909 -0.000108 285.3 285.3 293.9 293.7 0.13 77895. N/A N/A 

-0.000385 -0.000396 1.004326 -0.000015 285.3 285.3 294.0 293.7 1.59 78063. N/A N/A 

-0.000418 -0.000429 1.004326 -0.000015 285.3 285.3 294.0 293.7 1.52 78114. N/A N/A 

-0.000463 -0.000474 1.004326 -0.000015 285.3 285.2 293.9 293.7 1.40 78168. N/A N/A 

-0.000453 -0.000463 1.004326 -0.000015 285.3 285.2 294.0 293.7 1.27 78219. N/A N/A 

-0.000406 -0.000417 1.004326 -0.000015 285.2 285.2 293.9 293.7 1.14 78274. N/A N/A 
68

Table H.2.1 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 0 and xb = 0.2 % 

(file:trv0con1.tb2) 

le

(μm) 

Γ 

(kg/m2) 

X105

xb

(%) 

Exposure 

Time (s) 

Re TT T

(K) 

T T T b − T

(K) 

b

T

T

T

F

F

2.15 183. -

0.002 

792. 0. 294.4 -0.8 1.00 

2.15 183. -

0.002 

842. 0. 294.4 -0.8 1.00 

2.15 183. -

0.002 

894. 0. 294.4 -0.9 1.00 

2.15 183. -

0.002 

945. 0. 294.5 -0.9 1.00 

2.15 183. -

0.002 

995. 0. 294.5 -1.0 1.00 

2.15 183. -

0.002 

1052. 0. 294.6 -1.0 1.00 

2.15 183. -

0.002 

1104. 0. 294.6 -1.0 1.00 

2.15 183. -

0.002 

1156. 0. 294.6 -1.1 1.00 

2.15 183. -

0.002 

1216. 0. 294.7 -1.1 1.00 

2.15 183. -

0.002 

1268. 0. 294.7 -1.1 1.00 

2.15 183. -

0.002 

1322. 0. 294.7 -1.2 1.00 

2.15 183. -

0.002 

1377. 0. 294.8 -1.2 1.00 

2.15 183. -

0.002 

1429. 0. 294.8 -1.2 1.00 

2.62 222. 0.024 1620. 0. 294.9 -1.3 1.00 

2.62 222. 0.024 1672. 0. 294.9 -1.4 1.00 

2.62 222. 0.024 1726. 0. 294.9 -1.4 1.00 

2.62 222. 0.024 1786. 0. 295.0 -1.4 1.00 

2.62 222. 0.024 1838. 0. 295.0 -1.4 1.00 

2.62 222. 0.024 1895. 0. 295.0 -1.5 1.00 

2.62 222. 0.024 1948. 0. 295.0 -1.5 1.00 

2.62 222. 0.024 2017. 0. 295.1 -1.5 1.00 

2.62 222. 0.024 2072. 0. 295.1 -1.5 1.00 

2.62 222. 0.024 2124. 0. 295.1 -1.5 1.00 

2.62 222. 0.024 2177. 0. 295.1 -1.6 1.00 

2.62 222. 0.024 2231. 0. 295.1 -1.6 1.00 

2.62 222. 0.024 2283. 0. 295.2 -1.6 1.00 

3.22 274. -

0.041 

6047. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

3.22 274. -

0.041 

6098. 0. 295.7 -2.2 1.00 

3.22 274. -

0.041 

6150. 0. 295.7 -2.2 1.00 

3.22 274. -

0.041 

6206. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

3.22 274. -

0.041 

6259. 0. 295.7 -2.2 1.00 

3.22 274. -

0.041 

6312. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

3.22 274. -

0.041 

6367. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

3.22 274. -

0.041 

6420. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

3.22 274. -

0.041 

6471. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

3.22 274. -

0.041 

6522. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

3.22 274. -

0.041 

6575. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

3.22 274. -

0.041 

6628. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

3.22 274. -

0.041 

6686. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

4.75 403. 0.042 9446. 0. 295.9 -2.4 1.00 

4.75 403. 0.042 9497. 0. 295.9 -2.3 1.00 

4.75 403. 0.042 9553. 0. 295.9 -2.4 1.00 

4.75 403. 0.042 9603. 0. 295.9 -2.4 1.00 

4.75 403. 0.042 9655. 0. 295.9 -2.4 1.00 

4.75 403. 0.042 9707. 0. 295.9 -2.4 1.00 

4.75 403. 0.042 9764. 0. 295.9 -2.4 1.00 

4.75 403. 0.042 9818. 0. 295.9 -2.4 1.00 

4.75 403. 0.042 9872. 0. 295.9 -2.4 1.00 

4.75 403. 0.042 9924. 0. 295.9 -2.4 1.00 

4.75 403. 0.042 9981. 0. 295.9 -2.4 1.00 

4.75 403. 0.042 10034. 0. 295.9 -2.4 1.00 

4.75 403. 0.042 10087. 0. 295.9 -2.4 1.00 

4.97 422. 0.059 10243. 0. 295.9 -2.4 1.00 

4.97 422. 0.059 10300. 0. 295.9 -2.4 1.00 

4.97 422. 0.059 10355. 0. 296.0 -2.4 1.00 

4.97 422. 0.059 10409. 0. 295.9 -2.4 1.00 

4.97 422. 0.059 10463. 0. 296.0 -2.4 1.00 

4.97 422. 0.059 10518. 0. 296.0 -2.4 1.00 

4.97 422. 0.059 10574. 0. 296.0 -2.4 1.00 

4.97 422. 0.059 10625. 0. 296.0 -2.4 1.00 

4.97 422. 0.059 10682. 0. 296.0 -2.4 1.00 

4.97 422. 0.059 10734. 0. 296.0 -2.4 1.00 

4.97 422. 0.059 10842. 0. 296.0 -2.4 1.00 

4.97 422. 0.059 10893. 0. 296.0 -2.4 1.00 

4.97 422. 0.059 10945. 0. 296.0 -2.4 1.00 

5.25 445. 0.045 11099. 0. 296.0 -2.4 1.00 

5.25 445. 0.045 11153. 0. 296.0 -2.4 1.00 

5.25 445. 0.045 11209. 0. 296.0 -2.4 1.00 

5.25 445. 0.045 11263. 0. 296.0 -2.4 1.00 

5.25 445. 0.045 11319. 0. 296.0 -2.4 1.00 

5.25 445. 0.045 11378. 0. 296.0 -2.4 1.00 

5.25 445. 0.045 11430. 0. 296.0 -2.5 1.00 

5.25 445. 0.045 11484. 0. 296.0 -2.5 1.00 

5.25 445. 0.045 11540. 0. 296.0 -2.4 1.00 

5.25 445. 0.045 11596. 0. 296.0 -2.5 1.00 

5.25 445. 0.045 11648. 0. 296.0 -2.4 1.00 

5.25 445. 0.045 11704. 0. 296.0 -2.5 1.00 

5.25 445. 0.045 11763. 0. 296.0 -2.5 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.363 78324. 0. 295.7 -2.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.363 78374. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.363 78427. 0. 295.7 -2.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.363 78479. 0. 295.7 -2.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.363 78531. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.363 78588. 0. 295.7 -2.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.363 78641. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.363 78695. 0. 295.7 -2.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.363 78748. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.363 78800. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.363 78853. 0. 295.7 -2.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.363 78906. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.363 78959. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

0.79 67. 0.316 82641. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

0.79 67. 0.316 82691. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

0.79 67. 0.316 82741. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

0.79 67. 0.316 82795. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

0.79 67. 0.316 82850. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

0.79 67. 0.316 82904. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

0.79 67. 0.316 82961. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

0.79 67. 0.316 83012. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

0.79 67. 0.316 83068. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

0.79 67. 0.316 83125. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

0.79 67. 0.316 83193. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

0.79 67. 0.316 83247. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

0.79 67. 0.316 83307. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

0.90 76. 0.299 86829. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

0.90 76. 0.299 86883. 0. 295.7 -2.2 1.00 

0.90 76. 0.299 86940. 0. 295.7 -2.2 1.00 

0.90 76. 0.299 86991. 0. 295.7 -2.2 1.00 

0.90 76. 0.299 87042. 0. 295.7 -2.2 1.00 

0.90 76. 0.299 87094. 0. 295.7 -2.2 1.00 

0.90 76. 0.299 87146. 0. 295.7 -2.2 1.00 

0.90 76. 0.299 87199. 0. 295.7 -2.2 1.00 

0.90 76. 0.299 87252. 0. 295.7 -2.2 1.00 

0.90 76. 0.299 87308. 0. 295.7 -2.2 1.00 

0.90 76. 0.299 87361. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

0.90 76. 0.299 87411. 0. 295.7 -2.2 1.00 

0.90 76. 0.299 87465. 0. 295.7 -2.2 1.00 

1.38 117. 0.281 87638. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

1.38 117. 0.281 87693. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

1.38 117. 0.281 87760. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

1.38 117. 0.281 87817. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

1.38 117. 0.281 87869. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

1.38 117. 0.281 87921. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

1.38 117. 0.281 87975. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

1.38 117. 0.281 88028. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

1.38 117. 0.281 88084. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

1.38 117. 0.281 88139. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

1.38 117. 0.281 88195. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

1.38 117. 0.281 88247. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

1.38 117. 0.281 88303. 0. 295.8 -2.2 1.00 

1.27 108. 0.265 93296. 0. 295.9 -2.3 1.00 

1.27 108. 0.265 93361. 0. 295.9 -2.3 1.00 
69

Table H.2.2 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 1900 and xb = 0.2 % 

(file:trv15con1.tb2) 

le

(μm) 

Γ 

(kg/m2) 

X105

xb

(%) 

Exposure 

Time (s) 

Re TT T

(K) 

T T T b − T

(K) 

b

T

T

T

F

F

0.20 17. 0.285 1008. 1643. 295.5 -1.8 1.00 

0.20 17. 0.285 1065. 1587. 295.5 -1.8 1.00 

0.20 17. 0.285 1135. 1633. 295.4 -1.8 1.00 

0.20 17. 0.285 1179. 1597. 295.4 -1.8 1.00 

0.20 17. 0.285 1258. 1613. 295.4 -1.8 1.00 

0.20 17. 0.285 1321. 1623. 295.4 -1.7 1.00 

0.20 17. 0.285 1392. 1529. 295.3 -1.7 1.00 

0.20 17. 0.285 1492. 1571. 295.3 -1.7 1.00 

0.20 17. 0.285 1536. 1591. 295.3 -1.6 1.00 

0.20 17. 0.285 1574. 1597. 295.2 -1.6 1.00 

0.20 17. 0.285 1617. 1521. 295.2 -1.6 1.00 

0.20 17. 0.285 1661. 1542. 295.2 -1.6 1.00 

0.20 17. 0.285 1705. 1599. 295.2 -1.5 1.00 

0.27 23. 0.198 61523. 1739. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

0.27 23. 0.198 61568. 1800. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

0.27 23. 0.198 61614. 1778. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

0.27 23. 0.198 61656. 1787. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

0.27 23. 0.198 61697. 1788. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

0.27 23. 0.198 61743. 1802. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

0.27 23. 0.198 61782. 1712. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

0.27 23. 0.198 61823. 1778. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

0.27 23. 0.198 61865. 1750. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

0.27 23. 0.198 61905. 1697. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

0.27 23. 0.198 61946. 1776. 293.3 0.3 1.00 

0.27 23. 0.198 61987. 1759. 293.3 0.3 1.00 

0.27 23. 0.198 62026. 1794. 293.3 0.3 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.179 62198. 1706. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.179 62241. 1737. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.179 62282. 1781. 293.2 0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.179 62324. 1746. 293.2 0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.179 62367. 1705. 293.2 0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.179 62409. 1785. 293.2 0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.179 62454. 1743. 293.2 0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.179 62498. 1756. 293.2 0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.179 62539. 1696. 293.2 0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.179 62581. 1763. 293.2 0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.179 62622. 1765. 293.2 0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.179 62664. 1776. 293.2 0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.179 62707. 1725. 293.2 0.4 1.00 

1.68 143. 0.152 66387. 1801. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

1.68 143. 0.152 66427. 1783. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

1.68 143. 0.152 66469. 1746. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

1.68 143. 0.152 66509. 1824. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

1.68 143. 0.152 66551. 1810. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

1.68 143. 0.152 66592. 1810. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

1.68 143. 0.152 66632. 1784. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

1.68 143. 0.152 66709. 1682. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

1.68 143. 0.152 66749. 1722. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

1.68 143. 0.152 66788. 1779. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.68 143. 0.152 66829. 1706. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

1.68 143. 0.152 66869. 1794. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

1.68 143. 0.152 66910. 1748. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

0.43 36. 0.250 69847. 1776. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.43 36. 0.250 69884. 1736. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.43 36. 0.250 69926. 1785. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.43 36. 0.250 69967. 1789. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.43 36. 0.250 70009. 1795. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

0.43 36. 0.250 70049. 1714. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.43 36. 0.250 70091. 1827. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.43 36. 0.250 70131. 1768. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

0.43 36. 0.250 70173. 1799. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.43 36. 0.250 70212. 1727. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.43 36. 0.250 70255. 1754. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.43 36. 0.250 70295. 1770. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.43 36. 0.250 70333. 1774. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.24 21. 0.207 70481. 1785. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.24 21. 0.207 70523. 1783. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.24 21. 0.207 70562. 1749. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

0.24 21. 0.207 70603. 1732. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

0.24 21. 0.207 70645. 1792. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

0.24 21. 0.207 70685. 1825. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

0.24 21. 0.207 70726. 1843. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

0.24 21. 0.207 70767. 1785. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

0.24 21. 0.207 70807. 1772. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

0.24 21. 0.207 70846. 1707. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

0.24 21. 0.207 70886. 1728. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

0.24 21. 0.207 70928. 1706. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

0.24 21. 0.207 70968. 1734. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

0.06 5. 0.202 71125. 1826. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

0.06 5. 0.202 71164. 1779. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

0.06 5. 0.202 71204. 1803. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

0.06 5. 0.202 71251. 1747. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

0.06 5. 0.202 71295. 1755. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

0.06 5. 0.202 71336. 1754. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

0.06 5. 0.202 71379. 1723. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

0.06 5. 0.202 71420. 1732. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

0.06 5. 0.202 71461. 1746. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

0.06 5. 0.202 71503. 1797. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

0.06 5. 0.202 71543. 1784. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

0.06 5. 0.202 71583. 1778. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

0.06 5. 0.202 71624. 1806. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.204 80588. 1803. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.204 80631. 1813. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.204 80674. 1820. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.204 80717. 1743. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.204 80759. 1819. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.204 80803. 1783. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.204 80848. 1784. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.204 80892. 1723. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.204 80933. 1845. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.204 80977. 1749. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.204 81018. 1707. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.204 81061. 1803. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.204 81106. 1755. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

-0.12 -10. 0.201 84789. 1751. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.12 -10. 0.201 84836. 1730. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.12 -10. 0.201 84888. 1726. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.12 -10. 0.201 84954. 1805. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.12 -10. 0.201 85002. 1797. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.12 -10. 0.201 85046. 1695. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.12 -10. 0.201 85085. 1726. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.12 -10. 0.201 85122. 1713. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.12 -10. 0.201 85173. 1834. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.12 -10. 0.201 85210. 1821. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.12 -10. 0.201 85250. 1825. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.12 -10. 0.201 85289. 1823. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

-0.12 -10. 0.201 85357. 1820. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.187 150554. 1704. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.187 150599. 1729. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.187 150645. 1782. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.187 150688. 1831. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.187 150735. 1716. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.187 150775. 1792. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.187 150817. 1743. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.187 150855. 1796. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.187 150898. 1764. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.187 150937. 1733. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.187 150978. 1721. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.187 151018. 1766. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

-0.09 -8. 0.187 151060. 1780. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

-0.15 -13. 0.191 151192. 1726. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

-0.15 -13. 0.191 151234. 1711. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

-0.15 -13. 0.191 151277. 1800. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

-0.15 -13. 0.191 151319. 1796. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

-0.15 -13. 0.191 151364. 1786. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

-0.15 -13. 0.191 151406. 1767. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

-0.15 -13. 0.191 151448. 1784. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

-0.15 -13. 0.191 151489. 1795. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

-0.15 -13. 0.191 151529. 1815. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

-0.15 -13. 0.191 151569. 1691. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

-0.15 -13. 0.191 151609. 1727. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

-0.15 -13. 0.191 151650. 1716. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

-0.15 -13. 0.191 151691. 1723. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

-0.17 -14. 0.194 154873. 1797. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.17 -14. 0.194 154913. 1770. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.17 -14. 0.194 154958. 1774. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.17 -14. 0.194 155004. 1739. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.17 -14. 0.194 155046. 1791. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.17 -14. 0.194 155087. 1816. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.17 -14. 0.194 155128. 1847. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.17 -14. 0.194 155168. 1811. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.17 -14. 0.194 155208. 1811. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.17 -14. 0.194 155248. 1718. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.17 -14. 0.194 155292. 1815. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.17 -14. 0.194 155333. 1753. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.17 -14. 0.194 155377. 1738. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.23 -20. 0.194 158222. 1712. 293.3 0.3 1.00 

-0.23 -20. 0.194 158266. 1780. 293.3 0.3 1.00 

-0.23 -20. 0.194 158309. 1721. 293.3 0.3 1.00 
70

Table H.2.3 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 3200 and xb = 0.2 % 

(file:trv3con1.tb2) 

le

(μm) 

Γ 

(kg/m2) 

X105

xb

(%) 

Exposure 

Time (s) 

Re TT T

(K) 

T T T b − T

(K) 

b

T

T

T

F

F

-0.36 -30. 0.309 1521. 3405. 296.1 -2.5 1.00 

-0.36 -30. 0.309 1563. 3305. 296.2 -2.5 1.00 

-0.36 -30. 0.309 1607. 3389. 296.2 -2.5 1.00 

-0.36 -30. 0.309 1706. 3349. 296.2 -2.5 1.00 

-0.36 -30. 0.309 1749. 3300. 296.2 -2.5 1.00 

-0.36 -30. 0.309 1789. 3228. 296.2 -2.5 1.00 

-0.36 -30. 0.309 1831. 3390. 296.2 -2.5 1.00 

-0.36 -30. 0.309 1873. 3178. 296.2 -2.5 1.00 

-0.36 -30. 0.309 1920. 3405. 296.2 -2.5 1.00 

-0.36 -30. 0.309 1966. 3357. 296.2 -2.5 1.00 

-0.36 -30. 0.309 2009. 3390. 296.2 -2.5 1.00 

-0.36 -30. 0.309 2051. 3372. 296.2 -2.5 1.00 

-0.36 -30. 0.309 2092. 3283. 296.2 -2.5 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.296 2224. 3216. 296.2 -2.5 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.296 2267. 3301. 296.2 -2.5 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.296 2310. 3389. 296.2 -2.5 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.296 2354. 3356. 296.2 -2.5 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.296 2401. 3234. 296.1 -2.5 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.296 2442. 3273. 296.1 -2.5 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.296 2482. 3378. 296.1 -2.5 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.296 2524. 3327. 296.1 -2.5 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.296 2569. 3310. 296.1 -2.5 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.296 2775. 3244. 296.1 -2.4 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.296 2819. 3241. 296.0 -2.4 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.296 2862. 3337. 296.0 -2.4 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.296 2903. 3194. 296.0 -2.4 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.268 5441. 3245. 294.4 -0.8 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.268 5486. 3227. 294.4 -0.8 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.268 5531. 3253. 294.4 -0.7 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.268 5572. 3276. 294.3 -0.7 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.268 5619. 3164. 294.3 -0.6 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.268 5660. 3209. 294.3 -0.6 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.268 5702. 3113. 294.2 -0.6 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.268 5744. 3195. 294.2 -0.6 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.268 5783. 3110. 294.2 -0.5 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.268 5824. 3083. 294.1 -0.5 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.268 5866. 3242. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.268 5909. 3209. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

-0.47 -40. 0.268 5957. 3083. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

-0.32 -27. 0.256 8736. 3192. 293.2 0.5 1.00 

-0.32 -27. 0.256 8776. 3194. 293.2 0.5 1.00 

-0.32 -27. 0.256 8821. 3211. 293.2 0.4 1.00 

-0.32 -27. 0.256 8865. 3118. 293.2 0.4 1.00 

-0.32 -27. 0.256 8906. 3075. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

-0.32 -27. 0.256 8946. 3168. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

-0.32 -27. 0.256 8988. 3098. 293.3 0.3 1.00 

-0.32 -27. 0.256 9028. 3117. 293.3 0.3 1.00 

-0.32 -27. 0.256 9070. 3132. 293.3 0.3 1.00 

-0.32 -27. 0.256 9116. 3236. 293.3 0.3 1.00 

-0.32 -27. 0.256 9162. 3173. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

-0.32 -27. 0.256 9204. 3083. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

-0.32 -27. 0.256 9244. 3093. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

-0.28 -24. 0.246 9383. 3208. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

-0.28 -24. 0.246 9424. 3107. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

-0.28 -24. 0.246 9465. 3177. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

-0.28 -24. 0.246 9506. 3178. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

-0.28 -24. 0.246 9548. 3219. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

-0.28 -24. 0.246 9592. 3213. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

-0.28 -24. 0.246 9635. 3084. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

-0.28 -24. 0.246 9677. 3266. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

-0.28 -24. 0.246 9721. 3196. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

-0.28 -24. 0.246 9765. 3172. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

-0.28 -24. 0.246 9807. 3121. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

-0.28 -24. 0.246 9849. 3154. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

-0.28 -24. 0.246 9892. 3171. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

-0.38 -32. 0.240 10046. 3258. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

-0.38 -32. 0.240 10087. 3141. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

-0.38 -32. 0.240 10132. 3151. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

-0.38 -32. 0.240 10175. 3216. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

-0.38 -32. 0.240 10219. 3071. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

-0.38 -32. 0.240 10261. 3186. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

-0.38 -32. 0.240 10304. 3088. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.38 -32. 0.240 10347. 3172. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.38 -32. 0.240 10389. 3126. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.38 -32. 0.240 10431. 3222. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

-0.38 -32. 0.240 10471. 3143. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

-0.38 -32. 0.240 10514. 3143. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

-0.38 -32. 0.240 10556. 3279. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

-0.55 -46. 0.271 13307. 3069. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

-0.55 -46. 0.271 13350. 3054. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

-0.55 -46. 0.271 13403. 3191. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

-0.55 -46. 0.271 13445. 3197. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

-0.55 -46. 0.271 13492. 3128. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

-0.55 -46. 0.271 13541. 3119. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

-0.55 -46. 0.271 13582. 3097. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

-0.55 -46. 0.271 13624. 3145. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

-0.55 -46. 0.271 13665. 3128. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

-0.55 -46. 0.271 13709. 3106. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

-0.55 -46. 0.271 13750. 3264. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

-0.55 -46. 0.271 13807. 3099. 293.3 0.3 1.00 

-0.55 -46. 0.271 13848. 3183. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

-0.19 -17. 0.214 16251. 3229. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.19 -17. 0.214 16296. 3229. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.19 -17. 0.214 16340. 3229. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.19 -17. 0.214 16380. 3233. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

-0.19 -17. 0.214 16428. 3104. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

-0.19 -17. 0.214 16471. 3209. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

-0.19 -17. 0.214 16518. 3100. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

-0.19 -17. 0.214 16559. 3216. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

-0.19 -17. 0.214 16607. 3254. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

-0.19 -17. 0.214 16650. 3041. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

-0.19 -17. 0.214 16693. 3227. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

-0.19 -17. 0.214 16735. 3097. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

-0.19 -17. 0.214 16777. 3266. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

-0.19 -16. 0.227 21142. 3150. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.19 -16. 0.227 21186. 3158. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

-0.19 -16. 0.227 21233. 3203. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

-0.19 -16. 0.227 21277. 3187. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

-0.19 -16. 0.227 21322. 3074. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

-0.19 -16. 0.227 21366. 3155. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

-0.19 -16. 0.227 21413. 3264. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

-0.19 -16. 0.227 21458. 3205. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

-0.19 -16. 0.227 21504. 3278. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

-0.19 -16. 0.227 21548. 3142. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

-0.19 -16. 0.227 21591. 3180. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

-0.19 -16. 0.227 21640. 3140. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

-0.19 -16. 0.227 21684. 3209. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

0.21 18. 0.203 21839. 3237. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

0.21 18. 0.203 21883. 3141. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

0.21 18. 0.203 21928. 3211. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

0.21 18. 0.203 21971. 3273. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

0.21 18. 0.203 22017. 3183. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

0.21 18. 0.203 22063. 3229. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

0.21 18. 0.203 22112. 3112. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

0.21 18. 0.203 22163. 3241. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

0.21 18. 0.203 22211. 3206. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

0.21 18. 0.203 22255. 3093. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

0.21 18. 0.203 22299. 3228. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

0.21 18. 0.203 22343. 3139. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

0.21 18. 0.203 22385. 3133. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

0.15 13. 0.220 26466. 3174. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

0.15 13. 0.220 26517. 3158. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

0.15 13. 0.220 26566. 3138. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

0.15 13. 0.220 26615. 3256. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

0.15 13. 0.220 26661. 3280. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

0.15 13. 0.220 26702. 3254. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

0.15 13. 0.220 26748. 3134. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

0.15 13. 0.220 26794. 3140. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

0.15 13. 0.220 26841. 3131. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

0.15 13. 0.220 26887. 3145. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

0.15 13. 0.220 26934. 3197. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

0.15 13. 0.220 26978. 3179. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

0.15 13. 0.220 27023. 3118. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

1.79 152. 0.283 349347. 3146. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

1.79 152. 0.283 349389. 3169. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

1.79 152. 0.283 349434. 3162. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.79 152. 0.283 349478. 3341. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.79 152. 0.283 349522. 3292. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.79 152. 0.283 349569. 3260. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.79 152. 0.283 349620. 3236. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.79 152. 0.283 349662. 3318. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.79 152. 0.283 349706. 3285. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.79 152. 0.283 349750. 3293. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.79 152. 0.283 349792. 3310. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.79 152. 0.283 349836. 3336. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 
71

Table H.2.4 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 4600 and xb = 0.2 % 

(file:trv45con1.tb2) 

le

(μm) 

Γ 

(kg/m2) 

X105

xb

(%) 

Exposure 

Time (s) 

Re TT T

(K) 

T T T b − T

(K) 

b

T

T

T

F

F

7.96 676. 0.171 236041. 4684. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.96 676. 0.171 236081. 4736. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.96 676. 0.171 236122. 4503. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.96 676. 0.171 236166. 4684. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.96 676. 0.171 236207. 4651. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.96 676. 0.171 236249. 4601. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.96 676. 0.171 236293. 4636. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.96 676. 0.171 236338. 4459. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

7.96 676. 0.171 236382. 4654. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

7.96 676. 0.171 236423. 4524. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

7.96 676. 0.171 236464. 4572. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

7.96 676. 0.171 236505. 4480. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

7.96 676. 0.171 236554. 4624. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

7.89 670. 0.170 236711. 4568. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

7.89 670. 0.170 236754. 4634. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

7.89 670. 0.170 236797. 4571. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

7.89 670. 0.170 236838. 4573. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

7.89 670. 0.170 236883. 4593. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

7.89 670. 0.170 236931. 4514. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

7.89 670. 0.170 236982. 4500. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

7.89 670. 0.170 237026. 4440. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

7.89 670. 0.170 237070. 4736. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

7.89 670. 0.170 237111. 4477. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

7.89 670. 0.170 237152. 4465. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

7.89 670. 0.170 237198. 4628. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

7.89 670. 0.170 237241. 4800. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

7.83 665. 0.155 240174. 4594. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

7.83 665. 0.155 240224. 4495. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

7.83 665. 0.155 240267. 4491. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

7.83 665. 0.155 240313. 4523. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.83 665. 0.155 240355. 4505. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.83 665. 0.155 240396. 4491. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.83 665. 0.155 240460. 4650. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.83 665. 0.155 240502. 4652. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.83 665. 0.155 240546. 4504. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.83 665. 0.155 240591. 4633. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.83 665. 0.155 240635. 4460. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.83 665. 0.155 240679. 4587. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.83 665. 0.155 240723. 4429. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.79 661. 0.150 243116. 4657. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

7.79 661. 0.150 243163. 4791. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

7.79 661. 0.150 243213. 4704. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

7.79 661. 0.150 243257. 4619. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

7.79 661. 0.150 243301. 4444. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

7.79 661. 0.150 243345. 4649. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

7.79 661. 0.150 243390. 4456. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

7.79 661. 0.150 243433. 4780. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

7.79 661. 0.150 243474. 4711. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

7.79 661. 0.150 243515. 4693. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

7.79 661. 0.150 243556. 4624. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

7.79 661. 0.150 243596. 4527. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

7.79 661. 0.150 243639. 4654. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

8.05 684. 0.121 243799. 4667. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

8.05 684. 0.121 243844. 4615. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

8.05 684. 0.121 243886. 4662. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

8.05 684. 0.121 243929. 4563. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

8.05 684. 0.121 243972. 4658. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

8.05 684. 0.121 244014. 4724. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

8.05 684. 0.121 244056. 4671. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

8.05 684. 0.121 244095. 4445. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

8.05 684. 0.121 244138. 4583. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

8.05 684. 0.121 244181. 4441. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

8.05 684. 0.121 244226. 4547. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

8.05 684. 0.121 244268. 4625. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

8.05 684. 0.121 244315. 4496. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

7.85 667. 0.152 244469. 4473. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

7.85 667. 0.152 244510. 4548. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

7.85 667. 0.152 244553. 4544. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

7.85 667. 0.152 244598. 4624. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

7.85 667. 0.152 244644. 4403. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

7.85 667. 0.152 244685. 4671. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

7.85 667. 0.152 244744. 4570. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

7.85 667. 0.152 244791. 4636. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

7.85 667. 0.152 244838. 4601. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.85 667. 0.152 244885. 4617. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.85 667. 0.152 244930. 4490. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.85 667. 0.152 244975. 4649. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.85 667. 0.152 245019. 4668. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

7.84 666. 0.118 248265. 4789. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

7.84 666. 0.118 248305. 4685. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

7.84 666. 0.118 248349. 4648. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

7.84 666. 0.118 248392. 4632. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

7.84 666. 0.118 248436. 4626. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

7.84 666. 0.118 248482. 4743. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

7.84 666. 0.118 248524. 4707. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

7.84 666. 0.118 248566. 4555. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

7.84 666. 0.118 248610. 4669. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

7.84 666. 0.118 248650. 4632. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

7.84 666. 0.118 248697. 4697. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

7.84 666. 0.118 248739. 4680. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

7.84 666. 0.118 248783. 4545. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

7.50 637. 0.125 255063. 4646. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

7.50 637. 0.125 255106. 4458. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

7.50 637. 0.125 255151. 4635. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

7.50 637. 0.125 255199. 4707. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

7.50 637. 0.125 255243. 4743. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

7.50 637. 0.125 255284. 4676. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

7.50 637. 0.125 255327. 4598. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

7.50 637. 0.125 255369. 4698. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

7.50 637. 0.125 255413. 4719. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

7.50 637. 0.125 255457. 4705. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

7.50 637. 0.125 255502. 4687. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

7.50 637. 0.125 255544. 4607. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

7.50 637. 0.125 255586. 4640. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

7.40 628. 0.151 261040. 4483. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

7.40 628. 0.151 261080. 4743. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

7.40 628. 0.151 261120. 4496. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

7.40 628. 0.151 261162. 4740. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

7.40 628. 0.151 261204. 4705. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

7.40 628. 0.151 261245. 4462. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

7.40 628. 0.151 261287. 4618. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

7.40 628. 0.151 261331. 4584. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

7.40 628. 0.151 261373. 4666. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

7.40 628. 0.151 261412. 4766. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

7.40 628. 0.151 261453. 4712. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

7.40 628. 0.151 261494. 4694. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

7.40 628. 0.151 261535. 4544. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

7.51 637. 0.152 261665. 4638. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

7.51 637. 0.152 261705. 4572. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

7.51 637. 0.152 261748. 4704. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

7.51 637. 0.152 261789. 4504. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

7.51 637. 0.152 261828. 4633. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

7.51 637. 0.152 261871. 4632. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

7.51 637. 0.152 261914. 4498. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

7.51 637. 0.152 261955. 4727. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

7.51 637. 0.152 262001. 4404. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

7.51 637. 0.152 262045. 4557. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

7.51 637. 0.152 262087. 4414. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

7.51 637. 0.152 262129. 4460. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

7.51 637. 0.152 262173. 4487. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

7.34 623. 0.110 323906. 4531. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

7.34 623. 0.110 323949. 4467. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

7.34 623. 0.110 323995. 4674. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

7.34 623. 0.110 324038. 4707. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

7.34 623. 0.110 324081. 4623. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

7.34 623. 0.110 324121. 4479. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

7.34 623. 0.110 324163. 4687. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

7.34 623. 0.110 324202. 4508. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

7.34 623. 0.110 324244. 4476. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

7.34 623. 0.110 324285. 4489. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

7.34 623. 0.110 324327. 4681. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

7.34 623. 0.110 324368. 4411. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

7.34 623. 0.110 324412. 4578. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

7.08 601. 0.150 327196. 4693. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

7.08 601. 0.150 327249. 4612. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

7.08 601. 0.150 327299. 4731. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

7.08 601. 0.150 327353. 4444. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

7.08 601. 0.150 327404. 4652. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

7.08 601. 0.150 327448. 4724. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

7.08 601. 0.150 327492. 4724. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

7.08 601. 0.150 327535. 4673. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

7.08 601. 0.150 327577. 4437. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

7.08 601. 0.150 327620. 4529. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 
72

Table H.2.5 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 7000 and xb = 0.2 % 

(file:trv6con1.tb2) 

le

(μm) 

Γ 

(kg/m2) 

X105

xb

(%) 

Exposure 

Time (s) 

Re TT T

(K) 

T T T b − T

(K) 

b

T

T

T

F

F

0.08 7. 0.207 4639. 7434. 297.5 -3.8 0.99 

0.08 7. 0.207 4684. 7364. 297.5 -3.8 0.99 

0.08 7. 0.207 4728. 7259. 297.5 -3.9 0.99 

0.08 7. 0.207 4771. 7155. 297.6 -3.9 0.99 

0.08 7. 0.207 4813. 7463. 297.6 -4.0 0.99 

0.08 7. 0.207 4857. 7199. 297.6 -4.0 0.99 

0.08 7. 0.207 4900. 7548. 297.7 -4.0 0.99 

0.08 7. 0.207 4943. 7284. 297.7 -4.0 0.99 

0.08 7. 0.207 4987. 7368. 297.7 -4.1 0.99 

0.08 7. 0.207 5029. 7447. 297.8 -4.1 0.99 

0.08 7. 0.207 5075. 7297. 297.8 -4.1 0.99 

0.08 7. 0.207 5122. 7116. 297.8 -4.2 0.99 

0.08 7. 0.207 5163. 7618. 297.8 -4.2 0.99 

0.27 23. 0.177 5325. 7362. 297.9 -4.2 0.99 

0.27 23. 0.177 5366. 7248. 297.9 -4.3 0.99 

0.27 23. 0.177 5412. 7248. 297.9 -4.3 0.99 

0.27 23. 0.177 5459. 7285. 297.9 -4.3 0.99 

0.27 23. 0.177 5511. 7365. 298.0 -4.3 0.99 

0.27 23. 0.177 5554. 7522. 298.0 -4.3 0.99 

0.27 23. 0.177 5600. 7564. 298.0 -4.3 0.99 

0.27 23. 0.177 5642. 7486. 298.0 -4.3 0.99 

0.27 23. 0.177 5685. 7219. 298.0 -4.3 0.99 

0.27 23. 0.177 5726. 7566. 298.0 -4.3 0.99 

0.27 23. 0.177 5771. 7526. 298.0 -4.3 0.99 

0.27 23. 0.177 5818. 7567. 298.0 -4.3 0.99 

0.27 23. 0.177 5865. 7331. 298.0 -4.3 0.99 

0.56 48. 0.180 7893. 7458. 297.4 -3.7 0.99 

0.56 48. 0.180 7942. 7661. 297.3 -3.6 0.99 

0.56 48. 0.180 7988. 7298. 297.3 -3.6 0.99 

0.56 48. 0.180 8031. 7489. 297.3 -3.6 0.99 

0.56 48. 0.180 8072. 7564. 297.3 -3.6 0.99 

0.56 48. 0.180 8115. 7101. 297.2 -3.6 0.99 

0.56 48. 0.180 8159. 7359. 297.2 -3.5 0.99 

0.56 48. 0.180 8202. 7166. 297.2 -3.5 0.99 

0.56 48. 0.180 8245. 7311. 297.2 -3.5 0.99 

0.56 48. 0.180 8296. 7469. 297.1 -3.5 0.99 

0.56 48. 0.180 8341. 7309. 297.1 -3.5 0.99 

0.56 48. 0.180 8392. 7264. 297.1 -3.4 0.99 

0.56 48. 0.180 8449. 7455. 297.1 -3.4 0.99 

0.86 73. 0.209 11766. 7187. 295.4 -1.8 1.00 

0.86 73. 0.209 11806. 7144. 295.4 -1.7 1.00 

0.86 73. 0.209 11848. 7255. 295.4 -1.7 1.00 

0.86 73. 0.209 11894. 7252. 295.4 -1.7 1.00 

0.86 73. 0.209 11937. 6842. 295.3 -1.7 1.00 

0.86 73. 0.209 11984. 7015. 295.3 -1.6 1.00 

0.86 73. 0.209 12032. 6976. 295.3 -1.6 1.00 

0.86 73. 0.209 12082. 7198. 295.3 -1.6 1.00 

0.86 73. 0.209 12124. 7238. 295.3 -1.6 1.00 

0.86 73. 0.209 12168. 7153. 295.2 -1.6 1.00 

0.86 73. 0.209 12208. 6891. 295.2 -1.6 1.00 

0.86 73. 0.209 12252. 7033. 295.2 -1.5 1.00 

0.86 73. 0.209 12298. 7030. 295.2 -1.5 1.00 

1.08 92. 0.203 12461. 6981. 295.1 -1.4 1.00 

1.08 92. 0.203 12506. 6870. 295.1 -1.4 1.00 

1.08 92. 0.203 12550. 7163. 295.1 -1.4 1.00 

1.08 92. 0.203 12595. 6797. 295.0 -1.4 1.00 

1.08 92. 0.203 12637. 6971. 295.0 -1.4 1.00 

1.08 92. 0.203 12686. 6654. 295.0 -1.3 1.00 

1.08 92. 0.203 12730. 6928. 295.0 -1.3 1.00 

1.08 92. 0.203 12773. 6852. 294.9 -1.3 1.00 

1.08 92. 0.203 12819. 6883. 294.9 -1.3 1.00 

1.08 92. 0.203 12861. 6989. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

1.08 92. 0.203 12903. 6809. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

1.08 92. 0.203 12952. 6945. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

1.08 92. 0.203 12994. 6942. 294.8 -1.2 1.00 

1.14 96. 0.208 13180. 6967. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

1.14 96. 0.208 13223. 7115. 294.7 -1.1 1.00 

1.14 96. 0.208 13267. 7189. 294.7 -1.1 1.00 

1.14 96. 0.208 13309. 6850. 294.7 -1.0 1.00 

1.14 96. 0.208 13352. 6744. 294.7 -1.0 1.00 

1.14 96. 0.208 13394. 7062. 294.7 -1.0 1.00 

1.14 96. 0.208 13439. 6987. 294.6 -1.0 1.00 

1.14 96. 0.208 13482. 6980. 294.6 -1.0 1.00 

1.14 96. 0.208 13526. 6872. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

1.14 96. 0.208 13569. 7090. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

1.14 96. 0.208 13615. 7125. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

1.14 96. 0.208 13668. 6933. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

1.14 96. 0.208 13730. 7118. 294.5 -0.9 1.00 

1.92 163. 0.204 17643. 6787. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

1.92 163. 0.204 17687. 7049. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

1.92 163. 0.204 17730. 7056. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

1.92 163. 0.204 17772. 6981. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

1.92 163. 0.204 17813. 6841. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.92 163. 0.204 17853. 6917. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.92 163. 0.204 17900. 6885. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.92 163. 0.204 17940. 6676. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

1.92 163. 0.204 17982. 7001. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.92 163. 0.204 18024. 6967. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.92 163. 0.204 18067. 6824. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.92 163. 0.204 18109. 7048. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.92 163. 0.204 18154. 7011. 294.1 -0.5 1.00 

4.07 346. 0.070 22676. 6728. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

4.07 346. 0.070 22720. 6628. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

4.07 346. 0.070 22763. 6917. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

4.07 346. 0.070 22806. 6568. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

4.07 346. 0.070 22848. 6999. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

4.07 346. 0.070 22892. 6929. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

4.07 346. 0.070 22939. 6970. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

4.07 346. 0.070 22984. 6903. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

4.07 346. 0.070 23032. 6944. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

4.07 346. 0.070 23076. 7023. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

4.07 346. 0.070 23118. 6600. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

4.07 346. 0.070 23160. 6916. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

4.07 346. 0.070 23203. 6923. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

2.63 224. 0.111 26115. 7046. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

2.63 224. 0.111 26160. 6857. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

2.63 224. 0.111 26208. 6818. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

2.63 224. 0.111 26261. 6604. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

2.63 224. 0.111 26305. 6706. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

2.63 224. 0.111 26354. 6918. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

2.63 224. 0.111 26399. 6843. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

2.63 224. 0.111 26442. 6914. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

2.63 224. 0.111 26511. 7020. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

2.63 224. 0.111 26555. 6986. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

2.63 224. 0.111 26600. 6831. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

2.63 224. 0.111 26644. 6939. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

2.63 224. 0.111 26688. 7017. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

1.41 119. 0.220 26865. 6740. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

1.41 119. 0.220 26911. 6846. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

1.41 119. 0.220 26961. 7030. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

1.41 119. 0.220 27007. 6911. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.41 119. 0.220 27054. 6951. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.41 119. 0.220 27097. 6944. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.41 119. 0.220 27146. 6766. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.41 119. 0.220 27192. 6725. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.41 119. 0.220 27237. 7063. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.41 119. 0.220 27289. 6623. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.41 119. 0.220 27333. 6836. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.41 119. 0.220 27379. 6691. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.41 119. 0.220 27435. 6730. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

0.94 79. 0.216 88904. 6650. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.94 79. 0.216 88947. 6578. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.94 79. 0.216 88989. 6324. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.94 79. 0.216 89031. 6677. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.94 79. 0.216 89073. 6645. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.94 79. 0.216 89116. 6481. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

0.94 79. 0.216 89164. 6412. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

0.94 79. 0.216 89205. 6605. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

0.94 79. 0.216 89246. 6741. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.94 79. 0.216 89289. 6473. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

0.94 79. 0.216 89333. 6502. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.94 79. 0.216 89385. 6536. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.94 79. 0.216 89435. 6468. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.07 91. 0.220 93246. 6237. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.07 91. 0.220 93287. 6716. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.07 91. 0.220 93328. 6648. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.07 91. 0.220 93369. 6614. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.07 91. 0.220 93409. 6614. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.07 91. 0.220 93456. 6783. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.07 91. 0.220 93500. 6680. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.07 91. 0.220 93543. 6416. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.07 91. 0.220 93588. 6892. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.07 91. 0.220 93629. 6477. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 
73

Table H.2.6 Tap water flushing after Re = 4600 contamination tests at xb = 0.2 % 

(file:flsh45c1.tb2) 

le

(μm) 

Γ 

(kg/m2) 

X105

xb

(%) 

Exposure 

Time (s) TT T

(K) 

T T T b − T

(K) 

b

T

T

T

F

F

6.62 560. 0.077 2413. 300.1 -6.5 0.99 

6.62 560. 0.077 2467. 299.9 -6.4 0.99 

6.62 560. 0.077 2522. 299.9 -6.3 0.99 

6.62 560. 0.077 2574. 299.9 -6.3 0.99 

6.62 560. 0.077 2634. 299.8 -6.3 0.99 

6.62 560. 0.077 2686. 299.8 -6.2 0.99 

6.62 560. 0.077 2744. 299.7 -6.2 0.99 

6.62 560. 0.077 2796. 299.7 -6.1 0.99 

6.62 560. 0.077 2849. 299.6 -6.0 0.99 

6.62 560. 0.077 2898. 299.5 -5.9 0.99 

6.62 560. 0.077 2953. 299.4 -5.8 0.99 

6.62 560. 0.077 3000. 299.3 -5.8 0.99 

6.02 509. 0.037 3214. 299.1 -5.5 0.99 

6.02 509. 0.037 3271. 299.0 -5.5 0.99 

6.02 509. 0.037 3326. 298.9 -5.4 0.99 

6.02 509. 0.037 3380. 298.9 -5.3 0.99 

6.02 509. 0.037 3430. 298.8 -5.3 0.99 

6.02 509. 0.037 3481. 298.8 -5.2 0.99 

6.02 509. 0.037 3530. 298.7 -5.2 0.99 

6.02 509. 0.037 3581. 298.7 -5.1 0.99 

6.02 509. 0.037 3631. 298.6 -5.1 0.99 

6.02 509. 0.037 3684. 298.6 -5.0 0.99 

4.89 416. 0.040 25131. 292.7 0.8 1.00 

4.89 416. 0.040 25189. 292.7 0.8 1.00 

4.89 416. 0.040 25244. 292.7 0.8 1.00 

4.89 416. 0.040 25297. 292.7 0.8 1.00 

4.89 416. 0.040 25351. 292.8 0.8 1.00 

4.89 416. 0.040 25403. 292.8 0.8 1.00 

4.89 416. 0.040 25455. 292.8 0.8 1.00 

4.89 416. 0.040 25506. 292.8 0.8 1.00 

4.89 416. 0.040 25557. 292.8 0.8 1.00 

4.88 415. 0.047 25789. 292.8 0.7 1.00 

4.88 415. 0.047 25844. 292.8 0.7 1.00 

4.88 415. 0.047 25894. 292.9 0.7 1.00 

4.88 415. 0.047 25951. 292.9 0.7 1.00 

4.88 415. 0.047 26010. 292.9 0.7 1.00 

4.88 415. 0.047 26058. 292.9 0.7 1.00 

4.88 415. 0.047 26106. 292.9 0.7 1.00 

3.29 280. 0.009 83821. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

3.29 280. 0.009 84083. 293.9 -0.4 1.00 

3.29 280. 0.009 84145. 293.9 -0.4 1.00 

3.29 280. 0.009 84204. 293.9 -0.4 1.00 

3.29 280. 0.009 84256. 293.9 -0.4 1.00 

3.29 280. 0.009 84311. 293.9 -0.4 1.00 

3.29 280. 0.009 84369. 293.9 -0.4 1.00 

3.29 280. 0.009 84456. 293.9 -0.4 1.00 

3.29 280. 0.009 84513. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

3.29 280. 0.009 84590. 293.9 -0.4 1.00 

3.29 280. 0.009 84641. 293.9 -0.4 1.00 

3.29 280. 0.009 84697. 293.9 -0.4 1.00 

3.29 280. 0.009 84755. 293.9 -0.4 1.00 

3.27 278. 0.022 85420. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

3.27 278. 0.022 85482. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

3.27 278. 0.022 85542. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

3.27 278. 0.022 85595. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

3.27 278. 0.022 85648. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

3.27 278. 0.022 85697. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

3.27 278. 0.022 85750. 294.1 -0.5 1.00 

3.27 278. 0.022 85808. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

3.27 278. 0.022 85861. 294.1 -0.5 1.00 

3.27 278. 0.022 85913. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

3.27 278. 0.022 85962. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

3.27 278. 0.022 86023. 294.1 -0.5 1.00 

3.27 278. 0.022 86073. 294.1 -0.5 1.00 

2.46 209. 0.012 111672. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

2.46 209. 0.012 111735. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

2.46 209. 0.012 111793. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

2.46 209. 0.012 111862. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

2.46 209. 0.012 111923. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

2.46 209. 0.012 111976. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

2.46 209. 0.012 112026. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

2.46 209. 0.012 112079. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

2.46 209. 0.012 112131. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

2.46 209. 0.012 112178. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

2.46 209. 0.012 112226. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

2.46 209. 0.012 112269. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

2.46 209. 0.012 112318. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

2.50 212. 0.020 112462. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

2.50 212. 0.020 112513. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

2.50 212. 0.020 112562. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

2.50 212. 0.020 112607. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

2.50 212. 0.020 112651. 294.0 -0.5 1.00 

1.94 165. 0.014 169806. 295.0 -1.4 1.00 

1.94 165. 0.014 169865. 295.0 -1.4 1.00 

1.94 165. 0.014 169922. 295.0 -1.4 1.00 

1.94 165. 0.014 169977. 294.9 -1.4 1.00 

1.94 165. 0.014 170036. 295.0 -1.4 1.00 

1.94 165. 0.014 170093. 294.9 -1.4 1.00 

1.94 165. 0.014 170147. 295.0 -1.4 1.00 

1.94 165. 0.014 170205. 294.9 -1.4 1.00 

1.94 165. 0.014 170261. 295.0 -1.4 1.00 

1.94 165. 0.014 170312. 294.9 -1.4 1.00 

1.94 165. 0.014 170367. 295.0 -1.4 1.00 

1.94 165. 0.014 170416. 294.9 -1.4 1.00 

1.94 165. 0.014 170470. 294.9 -1.4 1.00 

2.13 181. 0.012 170928. 294.9 -1.4 1.00 

2.13 181. 0.012 170986. 294.9 -1.4 1.00 

2.13 181. 0.012 171035. 294.9 -1.4 1.00 

2.13 181. 0.012 171087. 294.9 -1.4 1.00 

2.13 181. 0.012 171142. 294.9 -1.4 1.00 

2.13 181. 0.012 171194. 294.9 -1.4 1.00 

2.13 181. 0.012 171235. 294.9 -1.4 1.00 

2.13 181. 0.012 171288. 294.9 -1.4 1.00 

2.13 181. 0.012 171334. 294.9 -1.3 1.00 

2.13 181. 0.012 171389. 294.9 -1.3 1.00 

2.13 181. 0.012 171429. 294.9 -1.3 1.00 

2.13 181. 0.012 171476. 294.9 -1.3 1.00 

2.13 181. 0.012 171520. 294.9 -1.3 1.00 

1.57 134. 0.027 197155. 294.2 -0.7 1.00 

1.57 134. 0.027 197198. 294.2 -0.7 1.00 

1.57 134. 0.027 197247. 294.3 -0.7 1.00 

1.57 134. 0.027 197290. 294.3 -0.7 1.00 

1.57 134. 0.027 197343. 294.3 -0.8 1.00 

1.58 134. 0.004 197498. 294.4 -0.8 1.00 

1.58 134. 0.004 197541. 294.4 -0.8 1.00 

1.58 134. 0.004 197581. 294.4 -0.8 1.00 
74

Table H.2.7 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 0 and xb = 0.3 % 

(file:trv0con2.tb2) 

le

(μm) 

Γ 

(kg/m2) 

X105

xb

(%) 

Exposure 

Time (s) 

Re TT T

(K) 

T T T b − T

(K) 

b

T

T

T

F

F

0.61 52. 0.339 2476. 0. 295.4 -1.7 1.00 

0.61 52. 0.339 2532. 0. 295.4 -1.7 1.00 

0.61 52. 0.339 2592. 0. 295.4 -1.7 1.00 

0.61 52. 0.339 2647. 0. 295.3 -1.6 1.00 

0.61 52. 0.339 2702. 0. 295.3 -1.6 1.00 

0.61 52. 0.339 2763. 0. 295.3 -1.6 1.00 

0.61 52. 0.339 2823. 0. 295.3 -1.6 1.00 

0.61 52. 0.339 2880. 0. 295.3 -1.6 1.00 

0.61 52. 0.339 2939. 0. 295.3 -1.6 1.00 

0.61 52. 0.339 3000. 0. 295.3 -1.6 1.00 

0.61 52. 0.339 3056. 0. 295.3 -1.6 1.00 

0.61 52. 0.339 3118. 0. 295.3 -1.6 1.00 

0.61 52. 0.339 3178. 0. 295.2 -1.6 1.00 

1.78 151. 0.300 406841. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

1.78 151. 0.300 406899. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

1.78 151. 0.300 406954. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

1.78 151. 0.300 407010. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

1.78 151. 0.300 407065. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

1.78 151. 0.300 407122. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

1.78 151. 0.300 407178. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

1.78 151. 0.300 407234. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

1.78 151. 0.300 407289. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

1.78 151. 0.300 407354. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

1.78 151. 0.300 407410. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

1.78 151. 0.300 407466. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

1.78 151. 0.300 407521. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

2.67 226. 0.283 410253. 0. 294.7 -1.0 1.00 

2.67 226. 0.283 410306. 0. 294.7 -1.0 1.00 

2.67 226. 0.283 410359. 0. 294.7 -1.0 1.00 

2.67 226. 0.283 410412. 0. 294.7 -1.0 1.00 

2.67 226. 0.283 410468. 0. 294.7 -1.0 1.00 

2.67 226. 0.283 410522. 0. 294.7 -1.0 1.00 

2.67 226. 0.283 410577. 0. 294.7 -1.0 1.00 

2.67 226. 0.283 410632. 0. 294.7 -1.0 1.00 

2.67 226. 0.283 410685. 0. 294.7 -1.0 1.00 

2.67 226. 0.283 410739. 0. 294.7 -1.0 1.00 

2.67 226. 0.283 410798. 0. 294.7 -1.0 1.00 

2.67 226. 0.283 410853. 0. 294.7 -1.0 1.00 

2.67 226. 0.283 410915. 0. 294.7 -1.0 1.00 

3.17 269. 0.280 414268. 0. 294.9 -1.1 1.00 

3.17 269. 0.280 414324. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.17 269. 0.280 414380. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.17 269. 0.280 414435. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.17 269. 0.280 414494. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.17 269. 0.280 414545. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.17 269. 0.280 414605. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.17 269. 0.280 414662. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.17 269. 0.280 414717. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.17 269. 0.280 414775. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.17 269. 0.280 414834. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.17 269. 0.280 414889. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.17 269. 0.280 414947. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.86 327. 0.272 418388. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

3.86 327. 0.272 418457. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

3.86 327. 0.272 418510. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

3.86 327. 0.272 418565. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

3.86 327. 0.272 418620. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

3.86 327. 0.272 418674. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

3.86 327. 0.272 418730. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

3.86 327. 0.272 418783. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

3.86 327. 0.272 418838. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

3.86 327. 0.272 418892. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

3.86 327. 0.272 418945. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

3.86 327. 0.272 419001. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

3.86 327. 0.272 419056. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

4.30 364. 0.259 421712. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

4.30 364. 0.259 421767. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

4.30 364. 0.259 421821. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

4.30 364. 0.259 421888. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

4.30 364. 0.259 421940. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

4.30 364. 0.259 421991. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

4.30 364. 0.259 422044. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

4.30 364. 0.259 422101. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

4.30 364. 0.259 422155. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

4.30 364. 0.259 422206. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

4.30 364. 0.259 422261. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

4.30 364. 0.259 422317. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

4.30 364. 0.259 422372. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

4.45 377. 0.263 425568. 0. 294.9 -1.1 1.00 

4.45 377. 0.263 425621. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

4.45 377. 0.263 425677. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

4.45 377. 0.263 425735. 0. 294.9 -1.1 1.00 

4.45 377. 0.263 425790. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

4.45 377. 0.263 425843. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

4.45 377. 0.263 425899. 0. 294.9 -1.1 1.00 

4.45 377. 0.263 425954. 0. 294.9 -1.1 1.00 

4.45 377. 0.263 426011. 0. 294.9 -1.1 1.00 

4.45 377. 0.263 426070. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

4.45 377. 0.263 426126. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

4.45 377. 0.263 426179. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

4.45 377. 0.263 426237. 0. 294.9 -1.2 1.00 

3.77 319. 0.290 429254. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.77 319. 0.290 429314. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.77 319. 0.290 429368. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.77 319. 0.290 429432. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.77 319. 0.290 429509. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.77 319. 0.290 429571. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.77 319. 0.290 429625. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.77 319. 0.290 429684. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.77 319. 0.290 429735. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.77 319. 0.290 429789. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.77 319. 0.290 429844. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.77 319. 0.290 429900. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.77 319. 0.290 429954. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.72 316. 0.267 432844. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.72 316. 0.267 432904. 0. 294.7 -1.0 1.00 

3.72 316. 0.267 432958. 0. 294.8 -1.1 1.00 

3.72 316. 0.267 433013. 0. 294.7 -1.1 1.00 

3.72 316. 0.267 433077. 0. 294.7 -1.1 1.00 

3.72 316. 0.267 433130. 0. 294.7 -1.1 1.00 

3.72 316. 0.267 433190. 0. 294.7 -1.0 1.00 

3.72 316. 0.267 433242. 0. 294.7 -1.1 1.00 

3.72 316. 0.267 433301. 0. 294.7 -1.1 1.00 

3.72 316. 0.267 433361. 0. 294.7 -1.0 1.00 

3.72 316. 0.267 433416. 0. 294.7 -1.1 1.00 

3.72 316. 0.267 433472. 0. 294.7 -1.0 1.00 

3.72 316. 0.267 433527. 0. 294.7 -1.0 1.00 

3.41 289. 0.275 494999. 0. 294.5 -0.8 1.00 

3.41 289. 0.275 495055. 0. 294.5 -0.8 1.00 

3.41 289. 0.275 495113. 0. 294.5 -0.8 1.00 

3.41 289. 0.275 495188. 0. 294.5 -0.8 1.00 

3.41 289. 0.275 495257. 0. 294.5 -0.8 1.00 

3.41 289. 0.275 495315. 0. 294.5 -0.8 1.00 

3.41 289. 0.275 495369. 0. 294.5 -0.8 1.00 

3.41 289. 0.275 495611. 0. 294.5 -0.8 1.00 

3.41 289. 0.275 495673. 0. 294.5 -0.8 1.00 

3.41 289. 0.275 495728. 0. 294.5 -0.8 1.00 

3.41 289. 0.275 495786. 0. 294.5 -0.8 1.00 

3.41 289. 0.275 495839. 0. 294.5 -0.8 1.00 

3.41 289. 0.275 495902. 0. 294.5 -0.8 1.00 

4.23 358. 0.267 498198. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

4.23 358. 0.267 498282. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

4.23 358. 0.267 498336. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

4.23 358. 0.267 498412. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

4.23 358. 0.267 498495. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

4.23 358. 0.267 498579. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

4.23 358. 0.267 498644. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

4.23 358. 0.267 498708. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

4.23 358. 0.267 498768. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

4.23 358. 0.267 498826. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

4.23 358. 0.267 498883. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

4.23 358. 0.267 498955. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

4.23 358. 0.267 499011. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

5.72 485. 0.285 506417. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

5.72 485. 0.285 506473. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

5.72 485. 0.285 506525. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

5.72 485. 0.285 506579. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

5.72 485. 0.285 506636. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

5.72 485. 0.285 506692. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

5.72 485. 0.285 506755. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

5.72 485. 0.285 506811. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

5.72 485. 0.285 506866. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

5.72 485. 0.285 506921. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

5.72 485. 0.285 506977. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

5.72 485. 0.285 507031. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

5.72 485. 0.285 507090. 0. 294.6 -0.9 1.00 

4.54 384. 0.260 82346. 0. 295.6 0.2 1.00 
75

Table H.2.8 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 2000 and xb = 0.3 % 

(file:trv15con2.tb2) 

le

(μm) 

Γ 

(kg/m2) 

X105

xb

(%) 

Exposure 

Time (s) 

Re TT T

(K) 

T T T b − T

(K) 

b

T

T

T

F

F

-0.77 -65. 0.335 613. 1909. 294.5 -0.8 1.00 

-0.77 -65. 0.335 749. 1961. 294.5 -0.8 1.00 

-0.77 -65. 0.335 792. 1984. 294.5 -0.8 1.00 

-0.77 -65. 0.335 837. 1903. 294.5 -0.8 1.00 

-0.77 -65. 0.335 881. 1914. 294.5 -0.8 1.00 

-0.77 -65. 0.335 922. 1982. 294.5 -0.8 1.00 

-0.77 -65. 0.335 966. 2003. 294.5 -0.8 1.00 

-0.77 -65. 0.335 1008. 1967. 294.5 -0.8 1.00 

-0.77 -65. 0.335 1054. 1934. 294.4 -0.8 1.00 

-0.77 -65. 0.335 1097. 1983. 294.4 -0.8 1.00 

-0.77 -65. 0.335 1138. 1865. 294.4 -0.8 1.00 

-0.77 -65. 0.335 1181. 2000. 294.4 -0.7 1.00 

-0.77 -65. 0.335 1226. 1945. 294.4 -0.7 1.00 

-0.07 -6. 0.310 1374. 1958. 294.4 -0.6 1.00 

-0.07 -6. 0.310 1422. 1888. 294.3 -0.7 1.00 

-0.07 -6. 0.310 1468. 1975. 294.3 -0.6 1.00 

-0.07 -6. 0.310 1513. 1982. 294.3 -0.6 1.00 

-0.07 -6. 0.310 1557. 1877. 294.3 -0.6 1.00 

-0.07 -6. 0.310 1606. 1898. 294.3 -0.6 1.00 

-0.07 -6. 0.310 1652. 1965. 294.2 -0.6 1.00 

-0.07 -6. 0.310 1694. 1954. 294.2 -0.5 1.00 

-0.07 -6. 0.310 1739. 1911. 294.2 -0.5 1.00 

-0.07 -6. 0.310 1786. 1914. 294.1 -0.5 1.00 

-0.07 -6. 0.310 1831. 1836. 294.1 -0.5 1.00 

-0.07 -6. 0.310 1875. 1953. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

-0.07 -6. 0.310 1919. 1861. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

9.14 772. 0.673 5348. 1811. 293.2 0.4 1.00 

9.14 772. 0.673 5391. 1811. 293.2 0.4 1.00 

9.14 772. 0.673 5440. 1850. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

9.14 772. 0.673 5485. 1723. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

9.14 772. 0.673 5528. 1796. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

9.14 772. 0.673 5573. 1702. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

9.14 772. 0.673 5620. 1788. 293.3 0.3 1.00 

9.14 772. 0.673 5667. 1817. 293.3 0.3 1.00 

9.14 771. 0.673 5712. 1749. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

9.14 771. 0.673 5756. 1713. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

9.14 771. 0.673 5804. 1748. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

9.14 771. 0.673 5855. 1784. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

9.14 771. 0.673 5910. 1691. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

15.37 1298. 0.588 11545. 1871. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

15.37 1298. 0.588 11590. 1866. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

15.37 1298. 0.588 11635. 1864. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

15.37 1298. 0.588 11678. 1848. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

15.37 1298. 0.588 11723. 1866. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

15.37 1298. 0.588 11769. 1875. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

15.37 1298. 0.588 11820. 1897. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

15.37 1298. 0.588 11885. 1873. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

15.37 1298. 0.588 11937. 1911. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

15.37 1298. 0.588 11982. 1881. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

15.37 1298. 0.588 12028. 1803. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

15.37 1298. 0.588 12073. 1789. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

15.37 1298. 0.588 12118. 1852. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

13.56 1149. 0.323 12289. 1923. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

13.56 1149. 0.323 12336. 1804. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

13.56 1149. 0.323 12382. 1873. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

13.56 1149. 0.323 12433. 1873. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

13.56 1149. 0.323 12476. 1827. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

13.56 1149. 0.323 12523. 1887. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

13.56 1149. 0.323 12570. 1829. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

13.56 1149. 0.323 12616. 1889. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

13.56 1149. 0.323 12664. 1803. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

13.56 1149. 0.323 12711. 1816. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

13.56 1149. 0.323 12755. 1897. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

13.56 1149. 0.323 12803. 1839. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

13.56 1149. 0.323 12851. 1820. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

12.76 1081. 0.359 13002. 1819. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

12.76 1081. 0.359 13051. 1896. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

12.76 1081. 0.359 13104. 1907. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

12.76 1081. 0.359 13151. 1801. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

12.76 1081. 0.359 13210. 1897. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

12.76 1081. 0.359 13262. 1865. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

12.76 1081. 0.359 13308. 1888. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

12.76 1081. 0.359 13363. 1824. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

12.76 1081. 0.359 13408. 1797. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

12.76 1081. 0.359 13451. 1797. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

12.76 1081. 0.359 13494. 1874. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

12.76 1081. 0.359 13537. 1817. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

12.76 1081. 0.359 13588. 1846. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

18.36 1558. 0.216 73355. 1865. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

18.36 1558. 0.216 73397. 1847. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

18.36 1558. 0.216 73442. 1836. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

18.36 1558. 0.216 73485. 1884. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

18.36 1558. 0.216 73528. 1809. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

18.36 1558. 0.216 73573. 1894. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

18.36 1558. 0.216 73619. 1850. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

18.36 1558. 0.216 73662. 1842. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

18.36 1558. 0.216 73704. 1782. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

18.36 1558. 0.216 73747. 1872. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

18.36 1558. 0.216 73794. 1893. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

18.36 1558. 0.216 73842. 1803. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

18.36 1558. 0.216 73894. 1880. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

18.48 1569. 0.189 77085. 1886. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

18.48 1569. 0.189 77131. 1847. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

18.48 1569. 0.189 77174. 1780. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

18.48 1569. 0.189 77217. 1834. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

18.48 1569. 0.189 77258. 1780. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

18.48 1569. 0.189 77301. 1861. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

18.48 1569. 0.189 77344. 1837. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

18.48 1569. 0.189 77387. 1782. 293.3 0.3 1.00 

18.48 1569. 0.189 77431. 1806. 293.3 0.3 1.00 

18.48 1569. 0.189 77476. 1857. 293.3 0.3 1.00 

18.48 1569. 0.189 77518. 1849. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

18.48 1569. 0.189 77562. 1857. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

18.48 1569. 0.189 77605. 1842. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

18.26 1550. 0.173 80433. 1841. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

18.26 1550. 0.173 80475. 1812. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

18.26 1550. 0.173 80517. 1889. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

18.26 1550. 0.173 80561. 1817. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

18.26 1550. 0.173 80603. 1885. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

18.26 1550. 0.173 80650. 1878. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

18.26 1550. 0.173 80695. 1864. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

18.26 1550. 0.173 80743. 1861. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

18.26 1550. 0.173 80788. 1826. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

18.26 1550. 0.173 80833. 1834. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

18.26 1550. 0.173 80883. 1825. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

18.26 1550. 0.173 80928. 1818. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

18.26 1550. 0.173 80973. 1819. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

17.83 1513. 0.210 81131. 1791. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

17.83 1513. 0.210 81176. 1873. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

17.83 1513. 0.210 81219. 1884. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

17.83 1513. 0.210 81265. 1801. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

17.83 1513. 0.210 81310. 1781. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

17.83 1513. 0.210 81354. 1794. 293.2 0.4 1.00 

17.83 1513. 0.210 81403. 1763. 293.2 0.4 1.00 

17.83 1513. 0.210 81450. 1845. 293.2 0.4 1.00 

17.83 1513. 0.210 81494. 1825. 293.2 0.5 1.00 

17.83 1513. 0.210 81540. 1826. 293.2 0.4 1.00 

17.83 1513. 0.210 81583. 1881. 293.2 0.5 1.00 

17.83 1513. 0.210 81629. 1819. 293.2 0.5 1.00 

17.83 1513. 0.210 81674. 1874. 293.2 0.5 1.00 

17.97 1509. 1.095 84266. 1875. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

17.97 1509. 1.095 84307. 1902. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

17.97 1509. 1.095 84352. 1914. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

17.97 1509. 1.095 84400. 1945. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

17.97 1509. 1.095 84447. 1917. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

17.97 1509. 1.095 84491. 1902. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

17.97 1509. 1.095 84539. 1918. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

17.97 1509. 1.095 84584. 1960. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

17.97 1509. 1.095 84629. 1949. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

17.97 1509. 1.095 84675. 1924. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

17.97 1509. 1.095 84727. 1856. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

17.97 1509. 1.095 84772. 1851. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

17.97 1509. 1.095 84818. 1912. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

17.00 1440. 0.384 91589. 1906. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

17.00 1440. 0.384 91636. 1874. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

17.00 1440. 0.384 91681. 1924. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

17.00 1440. 0.384 91730. 1960. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

17.00 1440. 0.384 91781. 1946. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

17.00 1440. 0.384 91827. 1938. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

17.00 1440. 0.384 91873. 1894. 293.3 0.3 1.00 

17.00 1440. 0.384 91918. 1858. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

17.00 1440. 0.384 91977. 1876. 293.3 0.3 1.00 

17.00 1440. 0.384 92034. 1819. 293.3 0.4 1.00 
76

Table H.2.9 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 4000 and xb = 0.3 % 

(file:trv3con2.tb2) 

le

(μm) 

Γ 

(kg/m2) 

X105

xb

(%) 

Exposure 

Time (s) 

Re TT T

(K) 

T T T b − T

(K) 

b

T

T

T

F

F

11.75 995. 0.302 64840. 3944. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

11.75 995. 0.302 64910. 4053. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

11.75 996. 0.302 64953. 4038. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

11.75 996. 0.302 65012. 3912. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

11.75 996. 0.302 65079. 3984. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

11.75 996. 0.302 65125. 3991. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

11.75 996. 0.302 65175. 4016. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

11.75 996. 0.302 65229. 4003. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

11.75 996. 0.302 65299. 4098. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

11.75 996. 0.302 65349. 3970. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

11.75 996. 0.302 65421. 3941. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

11.75 996. 0.302 65505. 4076. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

11.75 996. 0.302 65555. 3885. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

12.51 1060. 0.283 68691. 3973. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

12.51 1060. 0.283 68759. 4069. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

12.51 1060. 0.283 68808. 4134. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

12.51 1060. 0.283 68854. 3967. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

12.51 1060. 0.283 68898. 3847. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

12.51 1060. 0.283 68943. 4078. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

12.51 1060. 0.283 69033. 4011. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

12.51 1060. 0.283 69084. 3924. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

12.51 1060. 0.283 69132. 4020. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

12.51 1060. 0.283 69177. 3967. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

12.51 1060. 0.283 69225. 3815. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

12.51 1060. 0.283 69274. 3976. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

12.51 1060. 0.283 69322. 3948. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

13.38 1135. 0.235 72093. 3996. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

13.38 1135. 0.235 72139. 4047. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

13.38 1135. 0.235 72186. 4045. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

13.38 1135. 0.235 72236. 3938. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

13.38 1135. 0.235 72284. 4061. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

13.38 1135. 0.235 72331. 4062. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

13.38 1135. 0.235 72379. 3857. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

13.38 1135. 0.235 72428. 4012. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

13.38 1135. 0.235 72482. 3882. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

13.38 1135. 0.235 72531. 4049. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

13.38 1135. 0.235 72577. 3916. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

13.38 1135. 0.235 72621. 4113. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

13.38 1135. 0.235 72668. 3961. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

13.78 1168. 0.286 76231. 4045. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

13.78 1168. 0.286 76278. 3997. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

13.78 1168. 0.286 76326. 3821. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

13.78 1168. 0.286 76375. 3949. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

13.78 1168. 0.286 76421. 3973. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

13.78 1168. 0.286 76475. 4023. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

13.78 1168. 0.286 76523. 4025. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

13.78 1168. 0.286 76568. 3854. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

13.78 1168. 0.286 76613. 3867. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

13.78 1168. 0.286 76659. 4023. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

13.78 1168. 0.286 76707. 4124. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

13.78 1168. 0.286 76755. 4123. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

13.78 1168. 0.286 76826. 4020. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

14.05 1191. 0.273 79482. 4022. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

14.05 1191. 0.273 79525. 3912. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

14.05 1191. 0.273 79573. 3937. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

14.05 1191. 0.273 79620. 3813. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

14.05 1191. 0.273 79661. 3837. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

14.05 1191. 0.273 79706. 3803. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

14.05 1191. 0.273 79753. 3842. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

14.05 1191. 0.273 79848. 3988. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

14.05 1191. 0.273 79914. 3956. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

14.05 1191. 0.273 79965. 3970. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

14.05 1191. 0.273 80013. 3924. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

14.05 1191. 0.273 80063. 3812. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

14.05 1191. 0.273 80110. 3815. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

15.02 1274. 0.199 84094. 3981. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

15.02 1274. 0.199 84157. 4031. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

15.02 1274. 0.199 84212. 3946. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

15.02 1274. 0.199 84261. 4025. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

15.02 1274. 0.199 84310. 3868. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

15.02 1274. 0.199 84356. 3859. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

15.02 1274. 0.199 84404. 3871. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

15.02 1274. 0.199 84450. 4090. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

15.02 1274. 0.199 84493. 3990. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

15.02 1274. 0.199 84538. 4131. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

15.02 1274. 0.199 84588. 4066. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

15.02 1274. 0.199 84634. 3930. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

15.02 1274. 0.199 84678. 4092. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

23.80 2022. 0.145 144804. 4068. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

23.80 2022. 0.145 144848. 3958. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

23.80 2022. 0.145 144892. 3936. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

23.80 2021. 0.145 144934. 3913. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

23.80 2021. 0.145 144980. 3893. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

23.80 2021. 0.145 145026. 4040. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

23.80 2021. 0.145 145072. 3873. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

23.80 2021. 0.145 145116. 3899. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

23.80 2021. 0.145 145162. 3984. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

23.80 2021. 0.145 145208. 3915. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

23.80 2021. 0.145 145252. 3804. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

23.80 2021. 0.145 145300. 4055. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

23.80 2021. 0.145 145348. 3982. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

24.33 2067. 0.108 149421. 3743. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

24.33 2067. 0.108 149465. 3845. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

24.33 2067. 0.108 149507. 3941. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

24.33 2067. 0.108 149552. 3906. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

24.33 2067. 0.108 149600. 4028. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

24.33 2067. 0.108 149642. 4015. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

24.33 2067. 0.108 149690. 4015. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

24.33 2067. 0.108 149739. 3829. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

24.33 2067. 0.108 149785. 4008. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

24.33 2067. 0.108 149833. 4020. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

24.33 2067. 0.108 149877. 4055. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

24.33 2067. 0.108 149922. 3810. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

24.33 2067. 0.108 149971. 3786. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

32.28 2726. 0.615 152899. 3913. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

32.28 2726. 0.615 152946. 3832. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

32.28 2726. 0.615 152989. 3801. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

32.28 2726. 0.615 153034. 3930. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

32.28 2726. 0.615 153079. 3825. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

32.28 2726. 0.615 153127. 3934. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

32.28 2726. 0.615 153172. 3877. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

32.28 2726. 0.615 153215. 3868. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

32.28 2726. 0.615 153260. 3846. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

32.28 2726. 0.615 153300. 3780. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

32.28 2726. 0.615 153351. 3994. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

32.28 2726. 0.615 153398. 3764. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

32.28 2726. 0.615 153445. 3868. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

25.27 2148. 0.095 159952. 3762. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.27 2148. 0.095 159997. 3853. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.27 2148. 0.095 160042. 3772. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.27 2148. 0.095 160086. 3759. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.27 2148. 0.095 160128. 3828. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.27 2148. 0.095 160170. 3749. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.27 2148. 0.095 160221. 3738. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.27 2148. 0.095 160264. 3897. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.27 2148. 0.095 160307. 3932. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.27 2148. 0.095 160352. 3726. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.27 2148. 0.095 160399. 3816. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.27 2148. 0.095 160443. 3738. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.27 2148. 0.095 160489. 3957. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.68 2182. 0.100 163842. 3859. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

25.68 2182. 0.100 163886. 3939. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

25.68 2182. 0.100 163935. 3924. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.68 2182. 0.100 163984. 3753. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.68 2182. 0.100 164030. 3751. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.68 2182. 0.100 164077. 3851. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.68 2182. 0.100 164121. 3899. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.68 2182. 0.100 164166. 3932. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.68 2182. 0.100 164214. 3896. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.68 2182. 0.100 164262. 3783. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.68 2182. 0.100 164307. 3943. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.68 2182. 0.100 164351. 3967. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

25.68 2182. 0.100 164398. 3792. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

24.46 2071. 0.393 404186. 3646. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

24.46 2071. 0.393 404233. 3720. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

24.46 2071. 0.393 404282. 3721. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

24.46 2071. 0.393 404327. 3629. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

24.46 2071. 0.393 404373. 3560. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

24.46 2071. 0.393 404418. 3673. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

24.46 2071. 0.393 404463. 3735. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

24.46 2071. 0.393 404509. 3706. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

24.46 2071. 0.393 404554. 3737. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

24.46 2071. 0.393 404599. 3814. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 
77

Table H.2.10 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 5000 and xb = 0.3 % 

(file:trv45con2.tb2) 

le

(μm) 

Γ 

(kg/m2) 

X105

xb

(%) 

Exposure 

Time (s) 

Re TT T

(K) 

T T T b − T

(K) 

b

T

T

T

F

F

0.38 32. 0.287 4061. 4853. 292.4 1.3 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4103. 4993. 292.4 1.2 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4144. 4998. 292.5 1.2 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4187. 5021. 292.5 1.1 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4229. 4870. 292.6 1.1 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4271. 4951. 292.6 1.1 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4315. 4955. 292.6 1.0 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4360. 5059. 292.7 1.0 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4402. 5106. 292.7 1.0 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4444. 4952. 292.7 0.9 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4488. 4859. 292.8 0.9 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4530. 4736. 292.8 0.8 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4574. 5085. 292.9 0.8 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 4733. 5079. 293.0 0.7 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 4776. 5062. 293.1 0.6 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 4819. 4892. 293.1 0.6 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 4862. 5013. 293.1 0.5 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 4903. 4882. 293.2 0.5 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 4948. 5062. 293.2 0.5 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 4990. 4912. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 5032. 5072. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 5077. 4922. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 5121. 5061. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 5163. 4930. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 5205. 4806. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 5247. 5074. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7217. 5000. 294.4 -0.7 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7260. 4980. 294.4 -0.7 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7312. 5236. 294.3 -0.7 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7363. 5034. 294.3 -0.7 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7418. 5131. 294.3 -0.6 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7466. 5232. 294.3 -0.6 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7510. 5186. 294.3 -0.6 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7553. 5165. 294.3 -0.6 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7596. 5225. 294.3 -0.6 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7638. 5225. 294.2 -0.6 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7682. 5265. 294.2 -0.6 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7724. 5019. 294.2 -0.6 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7767. 5077. 294.2 -0.5 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 72772. 5330. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 72816. 5331. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 72863. 5354. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 72904. 5161. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 72945. 5466. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 72988. 5422. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 73030. 5314. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 73071. 5358. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 73115. 5314. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 73157. 5401. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 73202. 5446. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 73245. 5126. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 73286. 5291. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73421. 5166. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73462. 5493. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73506. 5443. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73548. 5224. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73591. 5182. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73636. 5203. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73680. 5328. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73727. 5373. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73771. 5218. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73813. 5348. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73855. 5237. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73899. 5215. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73943. 5523. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74123. 5339. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74167. 5165. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74210. 5290. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74255. 5264. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74298. 5242. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74342. 5136. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74388. 5256. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74432. 5299. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74477. 5339. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74522. 5009. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74567. 5381. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74612. 5224. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74658. 5080. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 78825. 5174. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 78868. 5032. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 78917. 5407. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 78963. 5188. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 79005. 5493. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 79047. 5290. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 79091. 5221. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 79137. 5371. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 79181. 5219. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 79224. 4997. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 79266. 5387. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 79306. 5275. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 79349. 5008. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 82735. 5361. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 82782. 5274. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 82827. 5107. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 82877. 5230. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 82921. 5378. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 82965. 5424. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 83007. 5207. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 83048. 5122. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 83093. 5122. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 83138. 5267. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 83182. 5352. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 83227. 5287. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 83271. 5139. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 85857. 5372. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 85901. 5217. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 85946. 5098. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 85989. 5200. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 86032. 5289. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 86077. 5426. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 86120. 5338. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 86164. 5210. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 86211. 5212. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 86254. 5412. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 86299. 5195. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 86344. 5264. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 86392. 5399. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86538. 5386. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86584. 5278. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86626. 5156. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86671. 5351. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86721. 5375. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86765. 5471. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86810. 5230. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86855. 5316. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86900. 5387. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86947. 5154. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86992. 5258. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 87035. 5373. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 87081. 5439. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90303. 5249. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90351. 5360. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90403. 5255. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90451. 5387. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90497. 5232. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90539. 5298. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90584. 5091. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90629. 5215. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90673. 5262. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90715. 4999. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90758. 5307. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90803. 5080. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90848. 5270. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

1.67 142. 0.304 93827. 5326. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

1.67 142. 0.304 93869. 5258. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

1.67 142. 0.304 93921. 5256. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

1.67 142. 0.304 93972. 5027. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

1.67 142. 0.304 94019. 4966. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

1.67 142. 0.304 94097. 5330. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.67 142. 0.304 94223. 5214. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

1.67 142. 0.304 94280. 5008. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

1.67 142. 0.304 94342. 5128. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

1.67 142. 0.304 94392. 5023. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

1.67 142. 0.304 94438. 5142. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

1.67 142. 0.304 94482. 5249. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

1.67 142. 0.304 94536. 5039. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

1.81 153. 0.299 94678. 5099. 293.4 0.3 1.00 
78

Table H.2.11 Diesel contamination on oxidized copper surface for Re = 7000 and xb = 0.3 % 

(file:trv6con2.tb2) 

le

(μm) 

Γ 

(kg/m2) 

X105

xb

(%) 

Exposure 

Time (s) 

Re TT T

(K) 

T T T b − T

(K) 

b

T

T

T

F

F

0.38 32. 0.287 4061. 4853. 292.4 1.3 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4103. 4993. 292.4 1.2 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4144. 4998. 292.5 1.2 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4187. 5021. 292.5 1.1 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4229. 4870. 292.6 1.1 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4271. 4951. 292.6 1.1 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4315. 4955. 292.6 1.0 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4360. 5059. 292.7 1.0 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4402. 5106. 292.7 1.0 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4444. 4952. 292.7 0.9 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4488. 4859. 292.8 0.9 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4530. 4736. 292.8 0.8 1.00 

0.38 32. 0.287 4574. 5085. 292.9 0.8 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 4733. 5079. 293.0 0.7 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 4776. 5062. 293.1 0.6 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 4819. 4892. 293.1 0.6 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 4862. 5013. 293.1 0.5 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 4903. 4882. 293.2 0.5 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 4948. 5062. 293.2 0.5 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 4990. 4912. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 5032. 5072. 293.3 0.4 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 5077. 4922. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 5121. 5061. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 5163. 4930. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 5205. 4806. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

-0.06 -5. 0.346 5247. 5074. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7217. 5000. 294.4 -0.7 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7260. 4980. 294.4 -0.7 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7312. 5236. 294.3 -0.7 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7363. 5034. 294.3 -0.7 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7418. 5131. 294.3 -0.6 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7466. 5232. 294.3 -0.6 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7510. 5186. 294.3 -0.6 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7553. 5165. 294.3 -0.6 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7596. 5225. 294.3 -0.6 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7638. 5225. 294.2 -0.6 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7682. 5265. 294.2 -0.6 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7724. 5019. 294.2 -0.6 1.00 

0.32 27. 0.339 7767. 5077. 294.2 -0.5 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 72772. 5330. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 72816. 5331. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 72863. 5354. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 72904. 5161. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 72945. 5466. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 72988. 5422. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 73030. 5314. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 73071. 5358. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 73115. 5314. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 73157. 5401. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 73202. 5446. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 73245. 5126. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.65 55. 0.310 73286. 5291. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73421. 5166. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73462. 5493. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73506. 5443. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73548. 5224. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73591. 5182. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73636. 5203. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73680. 5328. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73727. 5373. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73771. 5218. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73813. 5348. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73855. 5237. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73899. 5215. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.48 41. 0.313 73943. 5523. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74123. 5339. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74167. 5165. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74210. 5290. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74255. 5264. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74298. 5242. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74342. 5136. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74388. 5256. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74432. 5299. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74477. 5339. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74522. 5009. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74567. 5381. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74612. 5224. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

0.56 47. 0.310 74658. 5080. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 78825. 5174. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 78868. 5032. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 78917. 5407. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 78963. 5188. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 79005. 5493. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 79047. 5290. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 79091. 5221. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 79137. 5371. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 79181. 5219. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 79224. 4997. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 79266. 5387. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 79306. 5275. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

1.34 113. 0.234 79349. 5008. 293.7 -0.1 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 82735. 5361. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 82782. 5274. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 82827. 5107. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 82877. 5230. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 82921. 5378. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 82965. 5424. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 83007. 5207. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 83048. 5122. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 83093. 5122. 294.1 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 83138. 5267. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 83182. 5352. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 83227. 5287. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.04 88. 0.286 83271. 5139. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 85857. 5372. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 85901. 5217. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 85946. 5098. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 85989. 5200. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 86032. 5289. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 86077. 5426. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 86120. 5338. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 86164. 5210. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 86211. 5212. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 86254. 5412. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 86299. 5195. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 86344. 5264. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

1.18 100. 0.297 86392. 5399. 293.7 0.0 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86538. 5386. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86584. 5278. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86626. 5156. 293.8 -0.1 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86671. 5351. 293.8 -0.2 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86721. 5375. 293.9 -0.2 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86765. 5471. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86810. 5230. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86855. 5316. 293.9 -0.3 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86900. 5387. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86947. 5154. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 86992. 5258. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 87035. 5373. 294.0 -0.3 1.00 

1.17 100. 0.310 87081. 5439. 294.0 -0.4 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90303. 5249. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90351. 5360. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90403. 5255. 293.4 0.3 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90451. 5387. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90497. 5232. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90539. 5298. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90584. 5091. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90629. 5215. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90673. 5262. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90715. 4999. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90758. 5307. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90803. 5080. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

1.44 122. 0.301 90848. 5270. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

1.67 142. 0.304 93827. 5326. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

1.67 142. 0.304 93869. 5258. 293.6 0.0 1.00 

1.67 142. 0.304 93921. 5256. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

1.67 142. 0.304 93972. 5027. 293.6 0.1 1.00 

1.67 142. 0.304 94019. 4966. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

1.67 142. 0.304 94097. 5330. 293.5 0.2 1.00 

1.67 142. 0.304 94223. 5214. 293.4 0.2 1.00 

1.67 142. 0.304 94280. 5008. 293.4 0.3 1.00 
79

Table H.2.12 Tap water flushing after Re = 5000 contamination tests at xb = 0.3 % 

(file:flsh45c2.tb2) 

le

(μm) 

Γ 

(kg/m2) 

X105

xb

(%) 

Exposure 

Time (s) TT T

(K) 

T T T b − T

(K) 

b

T

T

T

F

F

0.15 13. -0.007 402. 293.2 0.5 1.00 

0.15 13. -0.007 453. 292.6 1.1 1.00 

0.15 13. -0.007 506. 292.0 1.7 1.00 

0.15 13. -0.007 557. 291.5 2.2 1.00 

0.15 13. -0.007 610. 291.0 2.7 1.00 

0.15 13. -0.007 663. 290.6 3.1 1.00 

0.15 13. -0.007 719. 290.1 3.6 1.01 

0.15 13. -0.007 775. 289.6 4.0 1.01 

0.15 13. -0.007 832. 289.2 4.5 1.01 

0.15 13. -0.007 886. 288.9 4.8 1.01 

0.15 13. -0.007 938. 288.7 5.0 1.01 

0.15 13. -0.007 995. 288.5 5.2 1.01 

0.15 13. -0.007 1053. 288.3 5.4 1.01 

0.03 3. 0.007 3736. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

0.03 3. 0.007 3787. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

0.03 3. 0.007 3842. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

0.03 3. 0.007 3902. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

0.03 3. 0.007 3958. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

0.03 3. 0.007 4013. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

0.03 3. 0.007 4070. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

0.03 3. 0.007 4124. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

0.03 3. 0.007 4180. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

0.03 3. 0.007 4234. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

0.03 3. 0.007 4294. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

0.03 3. 0.007 4349. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

0.03 3. 0.007 4406. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

-0.40 -34. -0.004 64014. 287.3 6.4 1.01 

-0.40 -34. -0.004 64064. 287.3 6.3 1.01 

-0.40 -34. -0.004 64118. 287.3 6.3 1.01 

-0.40 -34. -0.004 64176. 287.3 6.4 1.01 

-0.40 -34. -0.004 64239. 287.3 6.4 1.01 

-0.40 -34. -0.004 64292. 287.3 6.3 1.01 

-0.40 -34. -0.004 64346. 287.3 6.4 1.01 

-0.40 -34. -0.004 64398. 287.3 6.3 1.01 

-0.40 -34. -0.004 64452. 287.3 6.4 1.01 

-0.40 -34. -0.004 64508. 287.3 6.3 1.01 

-0.40 -34. -0.004 64560. 287.3 6.3 1.01 

-0.40 -34. -0.004 64612. 287.3 6.3 1.01 

-0.40 -34. -0.004 64667. 287.3 6.3 1.01 

-0.19 -16. -0.003 64866. 287.3 6.3 1.01 

-0.19 -16. -0.003 64920. 287.3 6.3 1.01 

-0.19 -16. -0.003 64975. 287.3 6.3 1.01 

-0.19 -16. -0.003 65027. 287.3 6.3 1.01 

-0.19 -16. -0.003 65082. 287.3 6.3 1.01 

-0.19 -16. -0.003 65135. 287.3 6.3 1.01 

-0.19 -16. -0.003 65188. 287.3 6.3 1.01 

-0.19 -16. -0.003 65245. 287.3 6.3 1.01 

-0.19 -16. -0.003 65300. 287.3 6.3 1.01 

-0.19 -16. -0.003 65351. 287.3 6.3 1.01 

-0.19 -16. -0.003 65405. 287.3 6.3 1.01 

-0.19 -16. -0.003 65458. 287.3 6.3 1.01 

-0.19 -16. -0.003 65513. 287.3 6.3 1.01 

-0.39 -34. -0.004 67977. 287.5 6.2 1.01 

-0.39 -34. -0.004 68028. 287.5 6.2 1.01 

-0.39 -34. -0.004 68086. 287.5 6.2 1.01 

-0.39 -34. -0.004 68139. 287.5 6.2 1.01 

-0.39 -34. -0.004 68190. 287.5 6.2 1.01 

-0.39 -34. -0.004 68242. 287.5 6.2 1.01 

-0.39 -34. -0.004 68297. 287.5 6.2 1.01 

-0.39 -34. -0.004 68349. 287.5 6.2 1.01 

-0.39 -34. -0.004 68402. 287.5 6.2 1.01 

-0.39 -34. -0.004 68453. 287.5 6.2 1.01 

-0.39 -34. -0.004 68504. 287.5 6.2 1.01 

-0.39 -34. -0.004 68556. 287.5 6.2 1.01 

-0.39 -34. -0.004 68610. 287.5 6.2 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.001 71528. 286.8 6.9 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.001 71580. 286.8 6.9 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.001 71634. 286.8 6.9 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.001 71682. 286.8 6.9 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.001 71733. 286.8 6.9 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.001 71783. 286.7 6.9 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.001 71837. 286.7 6.9 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.001 71891. 286.7 7.0 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.001 71942. 286.7 7.0 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.001 71992. 286.7 7.0 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.001 72043. 286.7 7.0 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.001 72097. 286.7 7.0 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.001 72148. 286.6 7.0 1.01 

-0.20 -17. 0.003 72616. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

-0.20 -17. 0.003 72666. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

-0.20 -17. 0.003 72718. 286.3 7.3 1.01 

-0.20 -17. 0.003 72770. 286.3 7.4 1.01 

-0.20 -17. 0.003 72820. 286.3 7.4 1.01 

-0.20 -17. 0.003 72873. 286.3 7.4 1.01 

-0.20 -17. 0.003 72925. 286.2 7.4 1.01 

-0.20 -17. 0.003 72975. 286.2 7.5 1.01 

-0.20 -17. 0.003 73028. 286.2 7.5 1.01 

-0.20 -17. 0.003 73077. 286.2 7.5 1.01 

-0.20 -17. 0.003 73127. 286.2 7.5 1.01 

-0.20 -17. 0.003 73179. 286.2 7.5 1.01 

-0.20 -17. 0.003 73234. 286.2 7.5 1.01 

-0.26 -23. 0.001 73429. 286.2 7.5 1.01 

-0.26 -23. 0.001 73488. 286.2 7.5 1.01 

-0.26 -23. 0.001 73548. 286.2 7.5 1.01 

-0.26 -23. 0.001 73605. 286.2 7.5 1.01 

-0.26 -23. 0.001 73658. 286.2 7.5 1.01 

-0.26 -23. 0.001 73711. 286.2 7.5 1.01 

-0.26 -23. 0.001 73763. 286.2 7.5 1.01 

-0.26 -23. 0.001 73816. 286.2 7.5 1.01 

-0.26 -23. 0.001 73870. 286.2 7.5 1.01 

-0.26 -23. 0.001 73926. 286.2 7.4 1.01 

-0.26 -23. 0.001 73977. 286.2 7.5 1.01 

-0.26 -23. 0.001 74036. 286.2 7.4 1.01 

-0.26 -23. 0.001 74092. 286.2 7.4 1.01 

-0.30 -26. -0.002 77386. 286.3 7.4 1.01 

-0.30 -26. -0.002 77439. 286.3 7.4 1.01 

-0.30 -26. -0.002 77493. 286.3 7.4 1.01 

-0.30 -26. -0.002 77544. 286.3 7.4 1.01 

-0.30 -26. -0.002 77595. 286.3 7.4 1.01 

-0.30 -26. -0.002 77648. 286.2 7.4 1.01 

-0.30 -26. -0.002 77702. 286.2 7.4 1.01 

-0.30 -26. -0.002 77752. 286.2 7.5 1.01 

-0.30 -26. -0.002 77805. 286.2 7.5 1.01 

-0.30 -26. -0.002 77860. 286.2 7.5 1.01 

-0.30 -26. -0.002 77911. 286.1 7.5 1.01 

-0.30 -26. -0.002 77961. 286.1 7.5 1.01 

-0.30 -26. -0.002 78015. 286.1 7.6 1.01 

-0.29 -25. -0.005 81839. 286.3 7.4 1.01 

-0.29 -25. -0.005 81891. 286.3 7.4 1.01 

-0.29 -25. -0.005 81941. 286.3 7.4 1.01 

-0.29 -25. -0.005 81992. 286.3 7.3 1.01 

-0.29 -25. -0.005 82044. 286.3 7.3 1.01 

-0.29 -25. -0.005 82107. 286.3 7.3 1.01 

-0.29 -25. -0.005 82161. 286.3 7.3 1.01 

-0.29 -25. -0.005 82217. 286.3 7.3 1.01 

-0.29 -25. -0.005 82272. 286.3 7.3 1.01 

-0.29 -25. -0.005 82322. 286.3 7.3 1.01 

-0.29 -25. -0.005 82372. 286.3 7.3 1.01 

-0.29 -25. -0.005 82425. 286.3 7.3 1.01 

-0.29 -25. -0.005 82477. 286.3 7.3 1.01 

-0.36 -31. -0.002 86294. 286.5 7.2 1.01 

-0.36 -31. -0.002 86343. 286.4 7.2 1.01 

-0.36 -31. -0.002 86398. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

-0.36 -31. -0.002 86447. 286.4 7.2 1.01 

-0.36 -31. -0.002 86498. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

-0.36 -31. -0.002 86551. 286.4 7.2 1.01 

-0.36 -31. -0.002 86603. 286.4 7.2 1.01 

-0.36 -31. -0.002 86656. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

-0.36 -31. -0.002 86708. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

-0.36 -31. -0.002 86759. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

-0.36 -31. -0.002 86810. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

-0.36 -31. -0.002 86859. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

-0.36 -31. -0.002 86911. 286.4 7.3 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.004 87078. 286.3 7.3 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.004 87129. 286.3 7.4 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.004 87183. 286.3 7.4 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.004 87237. 286.3 7.4 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.004 87288. 286.3 7.4 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.004 87340. 286.2 7.4 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.004 87395. 286.2 7.5 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.004 87445. 286.3 7.4 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.004 87497. 286.2 7.4 1.01 

-0.31 -26. -0.004 87548. 286.2 7.4 1.01 
80

Table H.2.13 Tap water flushing after Re = 7000 contamination tests at xb = 0.3 % 

(file:flsh6c2.tb2) 

le

(μm) 

Γ 

(kg/m2) 

X105

xb

(%) 

Exposure 

Time (s) TT T

(K) 

T T T b − T

(K) 

b

T

T

T

F

F

-0.54 -46. 0.003 0. 296.8 -3.1 1.00 

-0.54 -46. 0.003 56. 296.0 -2.3 1.00 

-0.54 -46. 0.003 110. 295.5 -1.8 1.00 

-0.54 -46. 0.003 165. 294.9 -1.1 1.00 

-0.54 -46. 0.003 218. 294.2 -0.5 1.00 

-0.54 -46. 0.003 276. 293.5 0.1 1.00 

-0.54 -46. 0.003 328. 292.9 0.8 1.00 

-0.54 -46. 0.003 383. 291.9 1.7 1.00 

-0.54 -46. 0.003 439. 290.8 2.9 1.00 

-0.54 -46. 0.003 492. 289.9 3.8 1.01 

-0.54 -46. 0.003 544. 289.1 4.6 1.01 

-0.54 -46. 0.003 600. 288.4 5.3 1.01 

-0.54 -46. 0.003 654. 287.9 5.8 1.01 

-0.03 -2. 0.006 11606. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.03 -2. 0.006 11662. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.03 -2. 0.006 11753. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.03 -2. 0.006 11809. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.03 -2. 0.006 11862. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.03 -2. 0.006 11918. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.03 -2. 0.006 11974. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.03 -2. 0.006 12030. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.03 -2. 0.006 12091. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.03 -2. 0.006 12143. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.03 -2. 0.006 12197. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.03 -2. 0.006 12250. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.03 -2. 0.006 12305. 284.1 9.5 1.01 

-0.17 -15. 0.005 15484. 283.7 10.0 1.02 

-0.17 -15. 0.005 15541. 283.7 10.0 1.02 

-0.17 -15. 0.005 15599. 283.7 10.0 1.02 

-0.17 -15. 0.005 15652. 283.7 10.0 1.02 

-0.17 -15. 0.005 15722. 283.7 10.0 1.02 

-0.17 -15. 0.005 15778. 283.7 10.0 1.02 

-0.17 -15. 0.005 15835. 283.7 10.0 1.02 

-0.17 -15. 0.005 15890. 283.7 10.0 1.02 

-0.17 -15. 0.005 15953. 283.7 10.0 1.02 

-0.17 -15. 0.005 16008. 283.7 10.0 1.02 

-0.17 -15. 0.005 16065. 283.7 10.0 1.02 

-0.17 -15. 0.005 16120. 283.7 10.0 1.02 

-0.17 -15. 0.005 16191. 283.7 10.0 1.02 

-0.45 -39. 0.000 77260. 285.3 8.4 1.01 

-0.45 -39. 0.000 77315. 285.3 8.4 1.01 

-0.45 -39. 0.000 77369. 285.3 8.4 1.01 

-0.45 -39. 0.000 77421. 285.3 8.4 1.01 

-0.45 -39. 0.000 77475. 285.3 8.4 1.01 

-0.45 -39. 0.000 77526. 285.3 8.4 1.01 

-0.45 -39. 0.000 77580. 285.3 8.4 1.01 

-0.45 -39. 0.000 77632. 285.3 8.4 1.01 

-0.45 -39. 0.000 77682. 285.3 8.4 1.01 

-0.45 -39. 0.000 77735. 285.3 8.4 1.01 

-0.45 -39. 0.000 77789. 285.3 8.4 1.01 

-0.45 -39. 0.000 77841. 285.3 8.4 1.01 

-0.45 -39. 0.000 77895. 285.3 8.4 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.009 78063. 285.3 8.4 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.009 78114. 285.3 8.4 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.009 78168. 285.2 8.4 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.009 78219. 285.2 8.5 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.009 78274. 285.2 8.5 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.009 78327. 285.2 8.5 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.009 78381. 285.2 8.5 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.009 78433. 285.2 8.5 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.009 78485. 285.2 8.5 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.009 78539. 285.2 8.5 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.009 78593. 285.2 8.5 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.009 78647. 285.2 8.5 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.009 78701. 285.2 8.5 1.01 

-0.66 -56. -0.013 82130. 285.0 8.7 1.01 

-0.66 -56. -0.013 82181. 285.0 8.8 1.01 

-0.66 -56. -0.013 82238. 285.0 8.7 1.01 

-0.66 -56. -0.013 82292. 284.9 8.8 1.01 

-0.66 -56. -0.013 82350. 284.9 8.8 1.01 

-0.66 -56. -0.013 82404. 284.9 8.8 1.01 

-0.66 -56. -0.013 82457. 284.9 8.8 1.01 

-0.66 -56. -0.013 82512. 284.9 8.8 1.01 

-0.66 -56. -0.013 82565. 284.9 8.8 1.01 

-0.66 -56. -0.013 82616. 284.9 8.8 1.01 

-0.66 -56. -0.013 82670. 284.9 8.8 1.01 

-0.66 -56. -0.013 82723. 284.9 8.8 1.01 

-0.66 -56. -0.013 82774. 284.9 8.8 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.005 86376. 284.1 9.6 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.005 86430. 284.1 9.6 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.005 86481. 284.1 9.6 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.005 86533. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.005 86587. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.005 86642. 284.1 9.5 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.005 86701. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.005 86757. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.005 86811. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.005 86865. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.005 86918. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.005 86972. 284.1 9.5 1.01 

-0.58 -50. -0.005 87025. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.56 -48. -0.007 87172. 284.1 9.6 1.01 

-0.56 -48. -0.007 87225. 284.1 9.5 1.01 

-0.56 -48. -0.007 87278. 284.1 9.6 1.01 

-0.56 -48. -0.007 87335. 284.1 9.6 1.02 

-0.56 -48. -0.007 87400. 284.1 9.6 1.01 

-0.56 -48. -0.007 87456. 284.1 9.6 1.01 

-0.56 -48. -0.007 87513. 284.1 9.6 1.01 

-0.56 -48. -0.007 87565. 284.1 9.6 1.01 

-0.56 -48. -0.007 87621. 284.1 9.6 1.02 

-0.56 -48. -0.007 87672. 284.1 9.6 1.02 

-0.56 -48. -0.007 87727. 284.1 9.6 1.02 

-0.56 -48. -0.007 87780. 284.1 9.6 1.02 

-0.56 -48. -0.007 87832. 284.1 9.6 1.02 

-0.50 -43. -0.003 87988. 284.1 9.6 1.02 

-0.50 -43. -0.003 88044. 284.1 9.6 1.02 

-0.50 -43. -0.003 88098. 284.0 9.7 1.02 

-0.50 -43. -0.003 88154. 284.0 9.7 1.02 

-0.50 -43. -0.003 88207. 284.0 9.7 1.02 

-0.50 -43. -0.003 88265. 284.1 9.6 1.02 

-0.50 -43. -0.003 88318. 284.1 9.6 1.02 

-0.50 -43. -0.003 88371. 284.0 9.6 1.02 

-0.50 -43. -0.003 88426. 284.0 9.7 1.02 

-0.50 -43. -0.003 88480. 284.0 9.7 1.02 

-0.50 -43. -0.003 88538. 284.0 9.6 1.02 

-0.50 -43. -0.003 88593. 284.0 9.7 1.02 

-0.50 -43. -0.003 88648. 284.0 9.7 1.02 

-0.66 -57. -0.011 95135. 284.2 9.6 1.01 

-0.66 -57. -0.011 95191. 284.2 9.6 1.01 

-0.66 -57. -0.011 95245. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.66 -57. -0.011 95298. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.66 -57. -0.011 95357. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.66 -57. -0.011 95413. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.66 -57. -0.011 95472. 284.2 9.4 1.01 

-0.66 -57. -0.011 95529. 284.2 9.4 1.01 

-0.66 -57. -0.011 95584. 284.3 9.4 1.01 

-0.66 -57. -0.011 95635. 284.3 9.4 1.01 

-0.66 -57. -0.011 95691. 284.3 9.4 1.01 

-0.66 -57. -0.011 95746. 284.3 9.4 1.01 

-0.66 -57. -0.011 95801. 284.3 9.4 1.01 

-0.52 -44. -0.011 100071. 284.3 9.4 1.01 

-0.52 -44. -0.011 100129. 284.3 9.4 1.01 

-0.52 -44. -0.011 100183. 284.3 9.4 1.01 

-0.52 -44. -0.011 100237. 284.3 9.4 1.01 

-0.52 -44. -0.011 100290. 284.3 9.4 1.01 

-0.52 -44. -0.011 100344. 284.2 9.4 1.01 

-0.52 -44. -0.011 100398. 284.3 9.4 1.01 

-0.52 -44. -0.011 100453. 284.2 9.4 1.01 

-0.52 -44. -0.011 100515. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.52 -44. -0.011 100575. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.52 -44. -0.011 100631. 284.1 9.6 1.01 

-0.52 -44. -0.011 100689. 284.1 9.5 1.01 

-0.52 -44. -0.011 100744. 284.2 9.5 1.01 

-0.71 -61. -0.010 166191. 285.9 7.8 1.01 

-0.71 -61. -0.010 166248. 285.8 7.8 1.01 

-0.71 -61. -0.010 166302. 285.9 7.8 1.01 

-0.71 -61. -0.010 166356. 285.9 7.8 1.01 

-0.71 -61. -0.010 166410. 285.9 7.8 1.01 

-0.71 -61. -0.010 166464. 285.9 7.8 1.01 

-0.71 -61. -0.010 166518. 285.9 7.8 1.01 

-0.71 -61. -0.010 166574. 285.9 7.8 1.01 

-0.71 -61. -0.010 166626. 285.9 7.8 1.01 

-0.71 -61. -0.010 166676. 285.9 7.8 1.01 

-0.71 -61. -0.010 166727. 285.9 7.8 1.01 

-0.71 -61. -0.010 166779. 285.9 7.8 1.01 

-0.71 -61. -0.010 166832. 285.9 7.8 1.01 

-0.56 -48. -0.007 168424. 285.4 8.3 1.01 
81

APPENDIX I: SPECTROFLUOROMETER CHECK 

This appendix discusses how the emission and excitation wavelength measurements were 

verified with a mercury standard and a "crossover peak" from the excitation. The emission 

wavelength measurement obtained from the spectrofluorometer without the glass filter was 

checked against a mercury vapor light. Figure I.1 and Table I.1 show a comparison of the 

published values of the peak wavelengths for mercury (Reader et al., 1980) to those obtained 

from the spectrofluorometer. The absolute difference between the measured and published 

wavelengths was approximately within 10 nm. 

 

The excitation wavelength measurement obtained from the spectrofluorometer was checked 

with a "crossover peak" from the excitation. In other words, the excitation monochromator 

was set to a specific wavelength with no specimen in the sample chamber. Under these 

conditions, the emission intensity should peak at the excitation wavelength. The wavelength 

of the emission peaked at the excitation wavelength to within the resolution of the digital 

display (± 1 nm) for the wavelengths that were tested. 

Table I.1 Calibration check of spectrofluorometer against Mercury lamp 

Published1

wavelength 

(nm) 

Measured 

wavelength 

(nm) 

Absolute 

difference 

(nm) 

Relative 

Difference 

(%) 

312.567 307 5 1.6 

365.015 358 7 1.9 

404.656 398 7 1.7 

435.833 427 9 2.1 

546.074 540 6 1.1 

576.960 569 8 1.4 

1

Reader et al. (1980) 
82

Fig. I.1 Verification of spectrofluorometer wavelength with Mercury standard