From: Hedren, Patrick (GE Corporate) <Patrick.Hedren@ge.com> 

Sent: Friday, January 17, 2014 7:46:47 PM 

To: Harvey, Reid 

Subject: Slides for docketing on wind/renewables 

Hi Reid, 

Figured it was easiest to email someone I had already sent a message to – attached are our slides 

from today’s wind/renewables portion of the discussion. They are ready for public docketing, and 

should not contain any GE proprietary or sensitive information. Please let me know if you have any 

questions and feel free to contact me at my mobile number below. 

I am happy to resend to a different party if that is best, just let me know. 

Best, 

Patrick D. Hedren 

Counsel, Regulatory Policy 

GE Corporate – Government Affairs & Policy 

T +1 202 637 4250 

M +1 202 215 8759 

patrick.hedren@ge.com 

1299 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. 

Washington, DC 20004 

<< EPA meeting_GERenewables_draft_v4 for docket.pptx >> 
GE Renewabl

January 17, 2014

Paving the path forwa

© 2014 General Electric Company
Wind going mainstream

Wind is changing the world

58 73 92

120

153

186

224

 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12

42% of ‘12 U.S. ... larg

installs

60GW in U.S. ... ~52 

8 states ~10% wind ge

6 countries 10%+ wind 

Record year for wind in 1

~800TWh ... ~4% glo

Global wind installations Cool wind stats

267GW

Cumulative (GW)

Source: GE Marketing

© 2014 General Electric Company
A decade of progress in wind

Renewables is a long-term infrastructure play

Wi

su

98% availability50%+ cap. factor

Growing

Reliable

Low cost

Efficient

Mainstream

$50B/year~4% of electricity5 centpower

2002

$5B

/year

85%

availability

25%+

cap. factor

0.4%

of electricity

15 cent

power

2012

The n

© 2014 General Electric Company
GE Renewables

6.7GW installed in ‘12$2B investment in Renewables34 GW+ installed~23,000+ WTGs in 30 cou~425 million MWh produced

World’s most efficient & reliable wind turbine fle

© 2014 General Electric Company
Transforming with Technology

9. Recent equipment improvements are allowing widevelopment in areas where it was previously not mHow much more near future improvements to wind tperformance (e.g. turbine improvements, blade diamincreases, and hub height increases) do you see cothe market in the next decade or so? Are these expcontinue at same pace as recent improvements, accor tapering off?
So ... what’s so great about this 

1.6-100 anyway?

Nameplate 

(MW)

Power curve

0

2

Power (MW)

Wind speed (m/s)

0 10 20

1.6-1001.7-100

1.6-82.5

1

Rotor 

diameter (m)

Rotor diameter: how fast power ramps at low wind speeds 

Nameplate: max power output

7 m/s 

site

11 m/s 

site

Long rotor tradeoff ... 

 cost, but worth it at 

low wind speeds

Annual Energy Production

Output (MWh)

total energy production

per turbine/yr

Capacity Factor 

Efficiency (%)

avg energy production 

as % of max

© 2014 General Electric Company
NREL Database @ 100m

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul A

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 

0:00 9.8 8.8 9.4 9.5 9.8 9.9 9.2 81:00 10.0 8.4 9.7 9.3 9.7 9.2 9.1 72:00 9.8 8.6 9.3 8.8 9.7 8.4 8.6 73:00 10.2 8.3 9.1 8.0 9.8 8.0 8.3 74:00 10.5 8.4 9.0 8.1 9.5 8.3 7.6 75:00 10.3 8.3 8.8 8.3 9.8 8.0 7.4 76:00 10.2 8.4 8.8 8.6 9.4 7.5 7.1 67:00 10.1 7.9 8.6 8.4 8.5 6.2 6.0 58:00 9.4 7.6 7.4 8.0 8.2 6.2 6.0 59:00 8.5 7.5 6.7 8.0 8.2 6.5 6.1 5

10:00 7.4 7.7 7.4 7.9 8.2 6.9 6.2 511:00 7.9 7.8 8.0 7.7 8.0 7.0 6.1 512:00 7.9 8.0 8.4 7.8 8.3 7.0 6.4 513:00 7.8 8.6 8.6 8.1 8.1 7.0 6.5 614:00 8.2 8.4 8.9 8.4 8.2 7.2 7.0 615:00 8.6 8.4 9.2 8.6 8.4 7.5 6.8 616:00 8.5 8.7 9.3 8.8 8.5 8.1 6.7 617:00 8.5 8.9 9.5 9.0 8.7 8.7 6.7 618:00 8.7 8.6 9.2 9.3 8.5 8.9 7.0 719:00 9.4 8.8 9.7 9.7 8.9 8.8 7.7 820:00 9.9 9.1 10.1 10.5 9.5 9.6 8.1 821:00 10.2 9.5 10.2 10.5 9.9 10.4 8.6 822:00 9.9 9.5 10.0 10.2 10.3 10.3 9.4 823:00 9.7 9.2 9.6 9.6 10.3 10.4 9.4 8

9 2 8 5 9 0 8 8 9 0 8 2 7 4 7 

Value of technology evolution

• Longer rotors ... more energy at low wind

Longer rotors provide more energy & capacity when 

Source: 2006 NREL Data

Average wind speed, bmonth(wind speed in meters/second, site in Oklahom

Incremental 

Value 0

200400600800

10001200140016001800

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Wind Speed (m/s)

1.5-77

1.7-100

Value Created

Power (kw)

Power vs wind speed

© 2014 General Electric Company

Source: GE Renewables

Month

Hour

• Low wind often correlate
A• • • • • • **

Wind economics vary across country

Subsidy free wind ... the next challenge

© 2014 General Electric Company

• Wind LCOE depen

wind speed

• Economics of wind 

“next best alternaticoal)
Transforming with technol
• Advanced turbine con• Short term storage int• Cost effective large ro• “Park as a product”

GE Wind ... shifting the paradig

Driving predictable power at grid 

parity

Goal: reducing LCOE

Existing 

technology

New 

technology

Technology solution

Turbine size

LCOE

© 2014 General Electric Company
Using controls to avoid the cost 

Smarter extreme 

load handling

Extreme event response

LID

forwar

Engineering for 

extreme events adds 

cost

• Goal: engineer for “normal 

operation”

• Controls reduce extreme 

loads 

Load case Pareto

• Respond faster with earlier 

fault detection

• Intelligent shut-down 

sequence

• Look-ah

seconds

• Respond 

extreme 

time

Tower base bending

Time serie

© 2014 General Electric Company
Paradigm shift in blade construc

RCAF Vickers 

Wellington

Fabrics over geodesic airframe

 Cost of energy reduction through:

 Material & labor cost saving: >20% per blade Out-of-shell mold blade manufacturing – less P&E  Logistics – Field assembly

 Tunable Blade Engineering

BMW GINA Concept 

Car

Polyurethane coated Spandex

Tension Structures

PVC / Polyester

GE Spaceframe 

Tower

PVC coated polyester 

fabrics

GE 

Si

O

© 2014 General Electric Company
15 min30 min

1 hour8 hour

100 kWh 1 MWh 10 MWh

Energy Level

Discharge Duration

10 sec

Energy Storage for Utilities

10 kWh 100 MWh

Frequency

Regulation

Load Leveling

Market Arbitrage

Distributed

Storage

Load Shifting

Investment

Deferral

Renewable

Firming

- 

En

CA

Adv

Bat

Ul

The

Power Quality

Ancillary 

Services

© 2014 General Electric Company
Wind + energy storage 

*Up to ~2x frequeperformance)Source: FERC, G

© 2014 General Electric Company
GE’s wind power is brilliantDriving smooth, predictable power, regardless of what mother nature way

• Increasing farm energy output• Improving service productivity• Driving new revenue stream

Forecasting

Park aerodynamics & 

loads predictions

Park acoustics

An

Integrated energy Cooperative control

storage

© 2014 General Electric Company
Policy Landscape

8. Are there state-level or regional renewable policy technology management approaches or systems thafacilitate CO2 reductions, and if so, how could they bentertained and approved in state?10. Could you give us your sense of market/technoscenarios with and without a production tax credit?

The U.S. ... a boom, bust past

 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12

'13e

U.S. annual industry installs 

• Industry orders down 92• 3,200 industry layoffs ... • OEM cuts, closures & d

Gamesa, Clipper, MHI, 

PTC volatility puts the industry on 

pause

PTC uncertainty impa

GW

~1,5

~10

~13

© 2014 General Electric Company

Source: AWEA
Renewables Capacity Deploym

7. How do you see renewable capacity deployment coming years as compared to AEO 2013’s reference projections? What renewable technologies do you tbe most attractive to which states in formulating statCO2 compliance?
Tech. Source 2012 2013e 2014e 2015e 2016

WindAEO 2013 11.8 0.2 0.3 0.0 0.0 Industry 13.1 1.5 - 2.0 6.7 – 8.2 4.5 – 7.6 1.5 – Solar 

PVAEO 2013 2.5 3.3 4.5 4.7 5.3 Industry 3.2 3.6 – 4.1 4.0 – 5.3 4.2 – 7.0 4.5 – 

Notes: 1. “Industry” represents ranges from 3rd party consultant forecasts and are generally aligned with GE expectation

2. Forecasting beyond 2015 for wind and 2016 for solar depends primarily upon federal policy outcomes

Wind: • AEO 2013 assumes no PTC extension• Appears AEO estimates made without consideration of current IRS “start of con

guidance 

• Current PTC structure does not have an installation deadline, instead substitut

“continuous efforts” test 

• Industry consensus is current PTC structure will drive a 15-17 GW market over 

timeframe

• Low confidence in 2016 industry figure (primarily dependent upon PTC extensi

policy)

Solar PV:• AEO 2013 projections are generally in line with industry expectations

• Higher-end projections assume significant growth in roof-top solar applications

Annual Capacity Installed (GW)

© 2014 General Electric Company
Wind Resource Map

© 2014 General Electric Company
Solar Resource Map

© 2014 General Electric Company
BACKUP
4

More than 23,000 units installed 

globally

GE wind technology

A single 1.6MW turbine ...• 100 ft longer than wing span of

a Boeing 747

• Can power ~700 U.S. homes• Total weight is 510,000 lbs• 100 m rotor ... greater than a football field• Tip speed = 180MPH

© 2014 General Electric Company
Evolution of GE wind products

10,000th 1,000th 

GE wind products ... proven performance and 

reliability

GE Wind Products ‘02 ‘12

AEP (GWh/yr)* 6.0 12.6

Capacity Factor (%)** 45 60

Availability (%) 85 98

*2.85-103@8.5m/s, **1.6-100@8.5m/s, EOY ‘12

+33%

+100%

+15%

GE enters

wind industry

GE 37c 

blade

LVRT introduced GE WindBOOST

Pitch

5,000 Units >> th

Model introduction 2.75-103

1.6-10

HALT 

Introduced

GE 40m blade

Mark VIe 

controller

1.5i (65m) 1.5sle (77m) 1.5xle (82.5m) 1.6-82.5

2.5s (88m) 2.5xl (100m) 2.75-100

1.5s (70.5m)

Enhanced 

GE 48.7m blade 

‘96 ‘02 ‘03 ‘08 ‘04 ‘05 ‘06 ‘07 ‘09 ‘10 ‘11 

© 2014 General Electric Company
Northwest US• >35 grids ... redundant resources• Regulated ... preferred generation w• 1hr schedule ...  frequency regula

• Hydro ... EPA limits flexibility• Wind as net-load ... high curtailmen

Adding grid flexibility requires ch... Solutions vary in cost

Utilize cheapest solutions to minimize integration 

Wind in 

dispatch

New gen build

Newtransmission

Shorten 

schedules

Demand 

response

Ancillary 

services

Curtail

wind

Wind

forecast

Share w/ 

neighbors

Change

gen ctrls Competitive bidding

Midwest US (MISO)• Large ... pooled resources• Competitive ... cheapest gene• 5 min schedule ...  frequenc

• Large gas fleet ... very flexible• Wind dispatch ... last curtail

Capacity 

signals

© 2014 General Electric Company
Wind is uncertain Wind is predictable 

... as predictable as flipping 

Wind is a good citizen of the gri

Change is normal... as normal as air conditioon/off or generators ramping 

Wind isn’t there when it’s needed

Wind blows at all t

... high capacity factor turbisiting enables wind power a

Wind concerns are not grid 

challenges

Wind can change rapidly

CONCERN FACT

Lighwind61% 36% 34% 33% 25% 

*Instantan

© 2014 General Electric Company
Operating wind as a power plants 

helps the grid and your economics 

All power plants ... Wind power plants achiev

1. Commit power in 

advance

2. Dispatch power as grid 

operators command

3. Regulate transmission

voltage

4. Stabilize grid during 

disturbances

 Forecasting ... free wind 

committed => lower curtailmen

 Power controls ... lowe

add’l revenue oppt’y

 Voltage controls 

... inte

weak grids, lower curtailment

 Ride-thru controls ... 

more easily and sell power du

Wind is a good citizen of the gri... if it’s allowed to act like a power plan

© 2014 General Electric Company