U.S. flag
      An official website of the United States government, Department of Justice.
        Here's how you know
      Here's how you know**Official websites use .gov**
            
            A **.gov** website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
      **Secure .gov websites use HTTPS**
            
            A **lock** (
            A locked padlock
            ) or **https://** means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Menu

      
        close

            
            
                                              About NIJ
        
                    
  
          About NIJ
      
    
          The NIJ Director
          How NIJ Is Organized
          Mission and Guiding Principles
          Research and Development Process
          Strategic Framework
          Assessments of NIJ
          Annual Reports & Reports to Congress
          Staff Directory
          Funding & Awards
        
                    
  
          Funding & Awards
      
    
          Current Funding
          Forthcoming Funding
          Expired Funding
          Awards: Listing of Funded Projects
          Guidance for Applicants and Awardees
          Fellowship & Student Programs
          Travel Scholarships
          NIJ Challenge Program
          Library & Multimedia
        
                    
  
          Library & Multimedia
      
    
          NIJ Journal
          Podcasts
          Publications Listing
          Multimedia Listing
          Rated Practices on CrimeSolutions
          Rated Programs on CrimeSolutions
          Software & Databases
          Datasets
          Patents
          Topics
        
                    
  
          Topics
      
    
          Article Listing
          Corrections
          Courts
          Crime Prevention
          Crimes
          Drugs and Crime
          Equipment and Technology
          Forensic Sciences
          Youth Justice
          Justice System Reform
          Law Enforcement
          Tribal Crime and Justice
          Victims of Crime
          Events
        
                    
  
          Events
      
    
          NIJ 2024 Research Conference
          Scheduled Events
          On-Demand Events
          Research Meetings & Workshops
          NIJ-Hosted Online Training

                            
                                About
          Contact Us
          Subscribe
          Topics A-Z
                  Share
FacebookXLinkedInRedditPinterestEmail Home
                            Funding & Awards
 Space-time study of youth and school violence
Award Information
Awardee
              TRUSTEES OF THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, THE
Award #
              2014-CK-BX-0008
Funding Category
              Competitive Discretionary
Location
                    PHILADELPHIA, PA
Congressional District
              3
Status
              Closed
Funding First Awarded
              2014
Total funding (to date)
              $3,082,625
Original Solicitation
              NIJ FY 14 Investigator-Initiated Research: The Comprehensive School Safety Initiative
Description of original award (Fiscal Year 2014, $3,082,625)
School violence including violence en route to and from school can make students afraid to go to school and frequently results in serious injury, with an estimated 7,397,301 youth in America receiving treatment in an emergency department between 2001-2008 for violent injuries sustained at or near school. These assaults occur in a context where the landscape that students navigate each day often includes bullying, substance use, and weapon carrying. Although many U.S. schools use metal detectors, security cameras, and security guards, these efforts have not been shown to effectively prevent violence.
Understanding the locations and times when students are vulnerable to assault as they proceed through their school-day routine will identify opportunities for more targeted, evidence-based prevention strategies.
We propose a mixed-methods study that employs an innovative case-time-control design with GIS-assisted activity path mapping to understand risk factors and protective factors for school assault. Subjects will be males and females (ages 12 18 years) requiring treatment at the emergency department of The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia or the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania for an assault-related injury. Each subject will be interviewed using portable, computerized GIS technology to recreate details of the path of their activities, indoors during school and outdoors before and after, from the time they awoke in the morning up until the time they were assaulted. At the same time, each subject will be asked to describe his or her activities sequentially during that period, including companions and weapon carrying, and site-line features of each location (prospect, refuge, and escape) that indicate the subjects ability to see their surroundings clearly or the potential for someone to be concealed and hiding nearby.
Each subjects path will be appended with data characterizing streets, buildings, neighborhood populations, and the weather that day. These rich secondary data will be linked by latitude and longitude coordinate and time of day to the path of each subjects activities. Doing so will produce detailed records of the individual- and environmental-level context that each subject experienced at each point over the course of their day. With this study design, mixed-effects conditional regressions will compare each subject at the time they were assaulted to times earlier in their day, thereby identifying risk and protective factors for school assault. Qualitative analyses will inform our understanding of mechanisms by which these factors operate. Then, environmental design strategies to prevent school violence can be formulated using an evidence-based approach. ca/ncf



  
Grant-Funded Publications
        
                      Space-time Study of Youth and School Violence STARS for Schools
                  Violence in Rural, Suburban, and Urban Schools in Pennsylvania

  
Date Created: September 30, 2014
    
          Side navigation
  

        

  
  
              Current Funding
    
      
            
            
            
      Forthcoming Funding
    
      
            
            
            
      Expired Funding
    
      
            
            
            
      Awards: Listing of Funded Projects
    
      
            
            
            
      Guidance for Applicants and Awardees
    
      
            
            
            
      Fellowship & Student Programs
    
      
            
            
            
      Travel Scholarships
    
      
            
            
            
      NIJ Challenge ProgramSimilar Awards
        
                      NIJ Community Violence Intervention Research and Evaluation Training and Technical Assistance (TTA) Center
                  Mechanics of Retinal Hemmorhage in Abusive Head Trauma
                  Understanding the Implementation and Impact of Credible Messenger Mentoring on Youth Across Settings
 Top

      National Institute of Justice

        
        
                        About NIJ
                    About NIJ
      
    
                  How NIJ Is Organized
      
    
                  NIJ Director
      
    
                  Research Disclaimer
      
    
                  Funding & Awards
                    Funding & Awards Home
      
    
                  Awards Listing
      
    
                  Current Funding
      
    
                  Guidance for Applicants and Awardees
      
    
                  Resources
                    Events
      
    
                  Podcasts
      
    
                  Publications
      
    
                  Topics
      
    
                  Multimedia
      
    
                  Reuse Policy
      
    
                  Contacts
                    Contact NIJ
      
    
                  Staff Directory
      
    
                  Submit a FOIA Request
      
    
                  File a Civil Rights ComplaintFacebook
          
                      X
          
                      YouTube
  

      810 7th St. NW, Washington, D.C. 20531
      
              Secondary Footer link menu
            Accessibility
              Plain Language
              Privacy Policy
              Legal Policies and Disclaimer
              No FEAR Act
              Freedom of Information Act
              USA.gov
              Justice.gov