After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined *

unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of

this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2); 10th Cir. R. 34.1(G). The case is

therefore ordered submitted without oral argument. This order and judgment is

not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata,

and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders and

judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and

conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. 

F I LED

United States Court of Appeals

Tenth Circuit

September 1, 2006

Elisabeth A. Shumaker

Clerk of Court

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE TENTH CIRCUIT

ANDREW J. O’CONNOR,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

THE FLORIDA BAR,

Defendant-Appellee.

No. 06-2062

(D.C. No. CIV-05-820 RB/WPL)

(D. N.M.)

ORDER AND JUDGMENT

*

Before HENRY, ANDERSON, and McCONNELL, Circuit Judges.

Andrew J. O’Connor appeals the district court’s decisions to set aside a

clerk’s entry of default against the Florida Bar and to dismiss his 42

U.S.C. § 1983 suit for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. We have jurisdiction

under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we AFFIRM.
-2-

Mr. O’Connor was admitted as a member of the Florida Bar in 1990. In

April 1992, he was severely injured in a car accident. About this time, the Bar

placed him on emergency suspension, apparently for reasons unrelated to his

injuries. According to Mr. O’Connor, the Florida Supreme Court ordered the Bar

to file a complaint against him regarding the emergency suspension allegations

within sixty days of being notified of his recovery from the accident, but the Bar

never filed a complaint. He states that, in December 1993, the Florida Supreme

Court granted his motion to be listed as inactive due to incapacity. 

In 2002, Mr. O’Connor sought a limited license to practice law in

New Mexico. He informed the New Mexico Supreme Court that he was an

inactive member in good standing of the Florida Bar. When contacted, however,

the Bar stated that Mr. O’Connor was under emergency suspension. In September

2003, the Bar initiated a disciplinary complaint against Mr. O’Connor, alleging

that his New Mexico application contained a false statement of material fact about

his Florida Bar status.

Mr. O’Connor sued the Florida Bar under § 1983 and state law, alleging it

deprived him of property without due process by failing to allow him to contest

the 1992 emergency suspension and it abused the disciplinary process, harassed,

defamed, and inflicted emotional distress on him by initiating and prosecuting the

2003 disciplinary proceeding. He sought monetary damages and injunctive relief. 

Upon Mr. O’Connor’s request, the clerk of the district court entered a default
-3-

against the Bar. Upon the Bar’s motion, the district court set aside the entry of

default and dismissed the case for lack of subject matter jurisdiction because the

Florida Bar enjoys Eleventh Amendment immunity against a § 1983 suit. 

On appeal, Mr. O’Connor argues that the district court should not have

vacated the entry of default. This issue is reviewed for abuse of discretion. See

Stjernholm v. Peterson, 83 F.3d 347, 349 n.1 (10th Cir. 1996). Fed. R. Civ. P.

55(c) allows a court to set aside an entry of default for good cause shown. 

“A judgment is void when a court enters it lacking subject matter jurisdiction,”

and “[r]elief from a void judgment is mandatory.” Williams v. Life Sav. & Loan,

802 F.2d 1200, 1202-03 (10th Cir. 1986) (per curiam). It follows that lack of

subject matter jurisdiction constitutes good cause to set aside an entry of default. 

As discussed below, the district court lacked jurisdiction over the case, and

accordingly, it did not abuse its discretion in setting aside the entry of default.

As for the dismissal of the case, our review is de novo. Joseph A. ex rel.

Corrine Wolfe v. Ingram, 275 F.3d 1253, 1259 (10th Cir. 2002). The Eleventh

Amendment bars suits, whether for monetary damages or injunctive relief, against

a state or an arm of the state. See Pennhurst State Sch. & Hosp. v. Halderman,

465 U.S. 89, 100 (1984); Elam Constr., Inc. v. Reg’l Transp. Dist., 129 F.3d

1343, 1345 (10th Cir. 1997) (per curiam). Eleventh Amendment immunity

pertains to the court’s subject matter jurisdiction. See Ruiz v. McDonnell,

299 F.3d 1173, 1180 (10th Cir. 2002). 
-4-

Mr. O’Connor argues that the Florida Bar is a private entity and so is not

entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity. However, the Eleventh Circuit, which

encompasses Florida, has held to the contrary. See Kaimowitz v. Fla. Bar,

996 F.2d 1151, 1155 (11th Cir. 1993) (per curiam) (“Plaintiff’s only response to

the Defendants’ argument is his unsupported assertion that the Florida Bar is not a

state agency for Eleventh Amendment purposes. Plaintiff’s assertion is

contradicted by the preamble of the Rules Regulating the Florida Bar, whereby

the Supreme Court of Florida established the bar as ‘an official arm of the

Court.’”). Further, the Florida Supreme Court, who ought to know, has also

characterized the Florida Bar as “‘an official arm of the Court.’” Fla. Bar v.

Committe, 916 So.2d 741, 745 (Fla. 2005) (quoting R. Regulating Fla. Bar,

Introduction), cert. denied, 126 S. Ct. 1890 (2006). In light of these authorities

we can comfortably conclude that the Florida Bar is an arm of the Supreme Court

of Florida, and thus it is entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity. 

There are two exceptions to Eleventh Amendment immunity, abrogation by

Congress and waiver. See Joseph A., 275 F.3d at 1259. Neither apply here;

§ 1983 does not abrogate Eleventh Amendment immunity, see Quern v. Jordan,

440 U.S. 332, 341 (1979), and the Bar did not consent to Mr. O’Connor’s action

or otherwise waive its immunity. Therefore, the district court correctly dismissed

the case. See Williams, 802 F.2d at 1202 (“A court has an obligation to dismiss a

complaint for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.”).
-5-

The judgment of the district court is AFFIRMED.

Entered for the Court

Robert H. Henry

Circuit Judge