The Initial Report

of the Secretary on theQuality of Teacher Preparation
ii Initial Report
I am pleased to present to you The Initial Report of theSecretary on the Quality of Teacher Preparation. Mandatedby Title II of the Higher Education Act, this reportpresents information on assessments and otherrequirements used by states for teacher certification andlicensure; the percentage of prospective teachers passingthose assessments; and the use of waivers by states toallow people to teach who have not fully met all statelicensure and certification requirements.I submit this report at a time when it is more importantthan ever to focus on ensuring high-quality instruction inour classrooms. Many states, higher educationinstitutions, and school districts are working to improvetheir support for good teaching. However, as the 1996report of the National Commission on Teaching andAmerica’s Future pointed out, much remains to be done.Our schools will need to hire more than two millionteachers in the next decade for classrooms that alreadyface shortages of qualified teachers, particularly in highpoverty communities. Many districts hire teachers onsubstandard licenses. New teachers often enter classroomsunderprepared for the challenges they will face and aregiven insufficient support in their first years. For teachersin the classrooms, opportunities to strengthen their skillsand knowledge remain largely disjointed, unfocused, andunconnected to classroom practice.Increasingly, educators, policymakers, and the Americanpublic are calling for more attention to the quality ofteaching in our classrooms. They know that the best

facilities, the highest standards, and the latest technologywill do little good without good teaching. For this reason,the U.S. Department of Education has made investing inteacher quality a priority. This Initial Report is oneimportant piece of that investment.I share the concern that many have voiced that teacherpreparation programs often are not as strong as they needto be and that too often requirements for entry into theteaching profession are weak and laxly enforced. Thisreport will help direct national attention to theseconcerns and hopefully contribute to the ongoing debateabout how we can improve the quality of new teachers.I am especially pleased to submit this report now becauseit helps to document the current status of teachercertification and licensure across the nation. By providinginformation about state requirements for entering theteaching profession, the report helps us begin to measureour progress and to strengthen accountability.Reporting on our progress is an essential part of ourresponsibility to you and to the American people. I amoptimistic that this report can help us, as a nation, reflecton better ways to get the teachers our children deserve. Ihope you find the report useful in this way too.Richard W. Riley

From the U.S. Secretary of Education, Richard W. Riley

Initial Report
iv

AcknowledgmentsThe Initial Report of the Secretary on the Quality of Teacher Preparation was prepared with the assistance of state dof teacher certification and licensure in 58 states and jurisdictions. Their willingness to provide detailed data on notice required a great deal of effort and is gratefully acknowledged.The Office of Postsecondary Education (OPE), in the U.S. Department of Education, was responsible for prepreport. The Education Statistics Services Institute (ESSI), a contractor to the National Center for Education Sta(NCES), undertook data collection and report production, through an interagency agreement between OPE anThe following individuals were members of the ESSI professional team who worked on the report: Shannon BlaJohn Clement, Corey Gibson, Rebecca Greene, Janelle Harvey, Meredith Ludwig, Molly Soule, Elisa Stafford, ATaulane, and Lisa Ward. Jennifer Thompson of ESSI’s design team shepherded the design and production of thComments made by the Education Department’s Professional Development Team, headed by Therese Dozier, wparticularly appreciated. Heather Moore in the Office of the Secretary helped prepare the introductory materialproject was undertaken under the direction of Jay Noell of the Office of Postsecondary Education.

Initial Report
Initial Report 

Table of Contents

Letter from the

U.S. Secretary of Education .......................................................... iii

Executive Summary ............................................................................. viIntroduction ...................................................................................... viii

Summary Tables ......................................................... 1Table A: Summary of Requirements for Initial Teacher

Certification and Licensure by State: 1998 .................................. 2

Table B: Summary of Assessments Offered for Initial

Teacher Certification and Licensure by State: 1998................... 11

Table C: Summary of Pass Rates for Initial Teacher

Certification/Licensure Written Tests by State: 1998................. 16

Table D: Teachers with Waivers, by High- and LowPoverty Districts and Selected Fields, by State: 1998 ................ 23Table E: Summary of Types of Teacher Certification and

Licensure by State: 1998 .............................................................. 29

State Profiles .............................................................35How to Read the State Profiles ......................................................... 36

MARYLAND ............................ 99MASSACHUSETTS ............... 101MICHIGAN ........................... 113MINNESOTA ......................... 115MISSISSIPPI.......................... 119MISSOURI............................. 122MONTANA ............................ 130NEBRASKA ............................ 132NEVADA................................. 134NEW HAMPSHIRE............... 138NEW JERSEY ......................... 139NEW MEXICO ...................... 141NEW YORK ........................... 143NORTH CAROLINA............. 151NORTH DAKOTA ................. 153OHIO ..................................... 154OKLAHOMA ......................... 164OREGON ............................... 167PENNSYLVANIA ................... 169RHODE ISLAND .................. 191SOUTH CAROLINA ............. 194

ALABAMA ................................ 41ALASKA.................................... 43

ARIZONA ................................. 45ARKANSAS .............................. 46CALIFORNIA .......................... 48COLORADO............................ 50CONNECTICUT ..................... 53DELAWARE ............................. 60DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA ... 62FLORIDA ................................. 63

GEORGIA .............................. 67HAWAII .................................. 69IDAHO .................................. 73ILLINOIS............................... 75INDIANA ............................... 80

IOWA...................................... 82KANSAS ................................. 84KENTUCKY .......................... 86LOUISIANA .......................... 94MAINE ................................... 97

SOUTTENNTEXAUTAH VERM

VIRGIWASHWEST WISCWYOMAMERDEPA

DEAC

FEDE

MI

GUAM NORT

ISL

PUERVIRGI

Appendices ..................................Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests

State Cut Scores: 1998-99 ......................

Appendix B: List of NES-Developed State 

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By St

Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fie

Appendix D: Questionnaire .......................Glossary ........................................................
vi

Executive SummaryRecognizing the growing importance of the quality ofteaching in America’s schools and the need to prepare arecord number of teachers in the coming years, theCongress included a new focus on improving teacherpreparation when it reauthorized the Higher EducationAct in 1998. Title II of the new law created three TeacherQuality Enhancement Grant programs designed to fundthe efforts of states, institutions of higher education, andschool districts to strengthen the recruitment,preparation, licensing, and support of new teachers.Members of Congress wanted to do more than investfederal funds in promising efforts, however. They alsoincluded in Title II accountability provisions aimed atproviding better information about the quality of teacherpreparation, certification, and licensure. Section 207 ofTitle II requires that states and higher educationinstitutions report on teacher preparation programcharacteristics, standards and requirements forcertification and licensure, including assessments, andalternative routes to teacher certification. Title II alsocalls for the collection of information on the proportionof teaching candidates passing required assessments (“passrates”), and the proportion of teachers who are notcertified or licensed or who are teaching in a field inwhich they are not certified or endorsed (teachers on“waivers”).This Initial Report of the Secretary of Education to theCongress is the first in a series of mandated reportingactivities. It includes information on three of the ninetopics on which the Congress has mandated annualreports starting in the year 2001. The informationincluded in the report is based only on data readilyavailable in the states when surveyed this spring. Eachstate was required to report only what data and

information it had on hand, using reporting formats. For this reason, incomplete in many cases.This Initial Report makes clear thauniform set of standards for teacheuse to measure the performance of Therefore, the report provides not detailed comparisons, but baselineagainst which their progress in strefor teachers can be measured over The Initial Report provides, when A. A description of the teacher cer

assessments, and any other certrequirements, that each state u

B. The percentage of teaching can

each of the assessments that a scertification and licensure, disaby the teacher preparation progwhich teaching candidates recedegree.

C. Information on the extent to w

state receive waivers of state cerequirements, including the prteachers distributed across the school districts and across subj

In March 1999, the Office of Post(OPE) in the U.S. Department of states, the District of Columbia, Pinsular areas, hereafter referred to to answer questions about the topiOPE identified a contact within eaand licensure office. Using a short state’s existing Web-based profile oOPE received data from 54 states oEfforts were also made to gather d

Initial Report
nonrespondents. In many cases a state’s certification andlicensure authority did not possess all of the requestedinformation.Key FindingsStates vary widely in their requirements for teachercertification and licensure.■ Degree Requirements. In 37 states, an individual can

qualify for the initial certificate or license by earningeither a bachelor’s degree in education or in a contentarea. In 11 states, an individual must earn a degree ina content area; in six, an individual must earn a degreein education.

■ Course Requirements. Thirty-five states specify course

requirements in the field of education for the initialcertificate or license; 11 states prescribe specific courserequirements above and beyond general program anddegree requirements, such as a course on the U.S.Constitution; the history of the state; or in a specificsubject (i.e., reading, cultural diversity).

■ Period of validity. The initial certificate or license is

typically valid for 5 years (as reported by 29 states). Inother states, the period of validity ranges from 1 to 8years.

■ Assessments. Ten states do not require any teacher

assessments for initial certification or licensure. Fortyfive states require written assessments, and two useperformance assessments. Three states did not reportinformation on assessments.

■ Pass Rates. Twenty states provided teacher preparation

program pass rates on state-required assessments.

■ Waivers. Forty-five states reported some waiver data.

Thirty-four states reported comparisons between highand low- poverty districts, and 40 states reportedwaivers as a percentage of the total number ofteachers.

Initial Report

■ High- and Low- Poverty Districts. Of the 34 states

reporting comparisons between high- and lowpoverty districts, 20 indicated that their high-povertyschool districts had a higher percentage of teacherswith waivers.
viii

IntroductionThe Initial Report of the Secretary on the Quality of TeacherPreparation is part of an effort to inform policymakers,educators, and the public about the ways in which thenation prepares its new teachers. Ensuring that newteachers are ready to meet the challenges of today’sclassrooms depends on two interrelated factors: thequality of the education provided by institutions ofhigher education, and the rigor of state-set standards forentry into the profession.States and institutions of higher education are central tothe production of new teachers. Colleges and universitiesprovide the preservice instruction—the postsecondaryeducation and training (both content knowledge andteaching skills) that prepare a prospective teacher toteach—and states set and enforce the requirements forbecoming a teacher. Moreover, a state’s standards andrequirements help shape the curriculum in its highereducation institutions. While traditional teacherpreparation programs in colleges and universities trainmost new teachers, a number of “alternative routes” forentry into the profession have emerged in the last 15years. In a number of states, prospective teachers maygain certification and licensure through university-basedfast-track programs, school- or district- based preparationprograms, or transcript verification conducted by statecertification and licensure authorities.Recent reports have drawn attention to problems with thequality of the preparation for new teachers. In January1999, for example, a report from the National Center forEducation Statistics, Teacher Quality: A Report on thePreparation and Qualifications of Public School Teachers,described the responses of new teachers to questionsabout whether they were prepared to integrate technologyinto the classroom; meet the needs of diverse students andthose with limited English proficiency; address the needsof special education students; and implement curriculum

and performance standards. In eacpercent of the new teachers reportprepared.”Findings and recommendations of and associations concerned with thand with student success have calleimprovements in teacher preparatiAmong their recommendations are■ More rigorous entry requireme

preparation programs, includinadmissions tests, higher studenand interviews to screen candid

■ Longer student teaching intern■ Additions to the curriculum, su

technology integration, teachinspecial education;

■ A greater focus on student outc

of performance assessments; an

■ Increased rigor and higher “cut 

licensing examinations.

While many people are concerned teacher preparation programs and requirements, too little informatiodraw firm conclusions. There are fgather data on the preparation and from the responsible agencies and When it reauthorized the Higher ECongress responded to the need fopreparation and certification in sevthe Higher Education Act had authsmall, disjointed grant programs rethat were rarely funded. In 1998, Cthose programs, and in their place three new competitive grant progrAct that focus on the “front end” odevelopment—on recruitment, prefor new teachers. In addition, Title 

Initial Report
Secretary of Education release annual national and state“report cards” on the quality of teacher preparation andlicensure. By October of 2000 and every year thereafter,states must provide annually:(1) A description of the teacher certification and licensure

assessments, and any other certification and licensurerequirements, used by the state.

(2) The standards and criteria that prospective teachers

must meet in order to attain initial teachercertification or licensure and to be certified or licensedto teach particular subjects or in particular gradeswithin the state.

(3) A description of the extent to which the assessments

and requirements described in paragraph (1) arealigned with the state’s standards and assessments forstudents.

(4) The percentage of teaching candidates who passed

each of the assessments used by the state for teachercertification and licensure, and the passing score oneach assessment that determines whether a candidatehas passed that assessment.

(5) The percentage of teaching candidates who passed

each of the assessments used by the state for teachercertification and licensure, disaggregated and ranked,by the teacher preparation program in that state fromwhich the teaching candidate received the candidate’smost recent degree, which shall be made availablewidely and publicly;

(6) Information on the extent to which teachers in the

state are given waivers of state certification orlicensure requirements, including the proportion ofsuch teachers distributed across high- and lowpoverty school districts and across subject areas.

(7) A description of each state’s alternative routes to

teacher certification, if any, and the percentage ofteachers certified through alternative certificationroutes who pass state teacher certification or licensureassessments.

(8) For each state, a description of proposed criteria for

assessing the performance of teacher preparationprograms within institutions of higher education inthe state, including indicators of teaching candidateknowledge and skills.

(9) Information on the extent to which teachers or

prospective teachers in each state are required to takeexaminations or other assessments of their subjectmatter knowledge in the area or areas in which theteacher provides instruction, the standards establishedfor passing any such assessments, and the extent towhich teachers or prospective teachers are required toreceive a passing score on such assessments in order toteach in specific subject areas or grade levels.

The Initial ReportThis Initial Report is the first of the Secretary’s reports toCongress mandated in the Higher Education Act. Basedon three of the nine items (numbers 1, 5, and 6 above),the report is intended to provide a baseline to measurechange over time. The information in the report islimited, however, in three ways. First, the data includeonly those that states had readily available. Recognizingthat states might have difficulty providing data quicklyfor the report, the Congress provided that states onlyneeded to submit the information currently in theirpossession. Second, the data do not allow detailedcomparisons across states because states used their owndefinitions in reporting the data. States defined the term“waiver,” for example, in many different ways. Finally,responses were received from most but not all of the statessurveyed. Given the variability in the completeness of thedata, generalizations cannot be made to all states.In subsequent months, the Department of Education willbe working with institutions of higher education andstates to collect data for the first annual report on teacherpreparation and licensure in America, due to Congress in

Initial Report
x

April 2001. The annual reports will present updated dataon the three topics addressed in this initial report as wellas information on the other six aspects of teacherpreparation, certification, and licensure mandated by law.Unlike this initial report, the annual reports will beprepared using standardized reporting methods. TheCongress has directed that states and institutions collectand report data for the subsequent reports usingdefinitions and uniform reporting methods developed bythe National Center for Education Statistics (NCES).NCES and OPE are currently preparing those inconsultation with states and institutions of highereducation. NCES is also developing institutional andstate questionnaires that will be part of a manual to helprespondents submit timely, accurate, and meaningful datafor the annual report cards. Data and informationcollected in the future using these new procedures willallow for more detailed and precise descriptions of thequality of teacher preparation and certification in thenation.Report FormatThe Initial Report consists of five state-by-state summarytables, followed by the body of the report, which includes58 individual state profiles. The term “state” refers to the50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and thevarious insular areas. A profile was created for each state,regardless of the response and amount of informationavailable. “How to read” explanations introduce each of thesummary tables. A sample state profile explains theinformation found in the 58 state profiles. Readers willfind appendices and a glossary at the end of the report.

The Summary TablesThe summary tables are designed tview of the similarities and differenareas of teacher preparation and cethe nature of the report, only the mcomparisons can be made accurate■ Table A describes the degree, co

requirements for the initial cer

■ Table B indicates the number a

assessments related to initial celicensure.

■ Table C addresses the performa

candidates on state-required as

■ Table D provides the state-repo

core academic field and by fieldcredentialed teachers are most 

■ Table E summarizes the types o

license options in states.

The State ProfilesThe profile of each state provides iavailable, on the following three toA description of the teacher certifiassessments, and any other certificrequirements, used by the state;The percentage of teaching candidthe assessments used by the state fand licensure, disaggregated and rapreparation program in that state fteaching candidate received the candegree; andInformation on the extent to whicare given waivers of state certificat

Initial Report
requirements, including the proportion of those teachersdistributed across high- and low- poverty school districtsand across subject areas.The Appendices and GlossaryAppendices A-D contain detailed information on writtenassessments, waiver data, and a copy of the initialquestionnaire.Appendix A lists teacher assessments used by states thathave been developed by the Educational Testing Service(ETS).Appendix B lists the teacher assessments, by state, thathave been developed by National Evaluation Systems, Inc.(NES).Appendix C displays waiver data, as reported by states, forhigh- and low- poverty districts, and also by subject area,grade level, or specialized topic.Appendix D is a copy of the initial questionnaire.A glossary of terms used throughout the report and in thestate profiles completes the publication.Report Method: Definition and Data IssuesIn order to collect information for this initial report, theDepartment of Education asked each state to respond to ashort questionnaire as well as to verify information drawnfrom states’ Web sites. The questionnaire is attached asappendix D.The profiles for each state in this report were created basedon the information from state responses to thequestionnaire and found on the states’ Web sites. Stateswere also asked to confirm the accuracy of (or to correct)the data and information contained in this report’s profiles.

General information about state assessments was gatheredfrom the Web sites and publications of ETS and NES.These two sources provided the names, test numbers,score ranges, and state passing cut scores for most of therequired assessments offered by states. Where noinformation existed, state respondents were asked toprovide the information.Data on the number of test takers and the proportionpassing (“pass rates”) for each test offered and taken inthe 1997-98 (or most recent) academic year weregathered through the questionnaire. Each state wasasked to provide the number of teaching candidatestaking and passing each required test. States wereinstructed that if a candidate took a given test morethan once, the result of the last (or most recent) testshould be used for purposes of this data collection,starting with the most recent academic year. For tests inwhich there were fewer than 10 test takers, respondentswere given permission to aggregate data for the threemost recent academic years.The questionnaire also requested descriptions of the typesof waivers of certification and licensure requirementsgranted by the state. In most cases, state respondentsreplied with detailed references from state statutes. Thesedescriptions (abbreviated when possible) are included oneach state profile. State respondents were asked to reportthe numbers of teachers and the number of teachers withwaivers, by district and subject matter, using tables of highand low-poverty districts provided by NCES based onCensus data. These waiver data were not uniformlyavailable, according to the survey respondents. Somereported total numbers of waivers aggregated by high- andlow-poverty districts, while others reported numbers ofteachers with waivers by subject area.

Initial Report
xii

ConclusionThis Initial Report is, by its very nature, incomplete inplaces because states had little time to provide therequested information. States used their own reportingformats and definitions, therefore detailed comparisonsacross states are not possible. Nevertheless, theinformation in the report should be valuable forpolicymakers and others and should provide a startingpoint for future data collection.Perhaps the most important thing this Initial Report does,however, is to demonstrate just how complex the issuessurrounding teacher preparation and certification andlicensure are. The Secretary of Education hopes that thisand the annual Title II reports will further the nationalconversation about teacher quality and help bring aboutfundamental improvement in teacher preparation andcertification.

Initial Report

ReferencesCouncil of Chief State School OffEducation Policies on K-12 EducatiWashington, DC: December 1998U.S. Department of Education, NEducation Statistics. Teacher QualiPreparation and Qualification of PuNCES 1990-080, by Laurie LewisCarey, Nicole Bartfai, Elizabeth FaProject Officer: Bernie Greene. WaNational Association of State DireEducation and Certification (NASNASDTEC Manual 1998-1999: MPreparation and Certification of Ededition). Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall-Company, 1998.The National Commission on TeacFuture. What Matters Most: Teachin

New York: September 1996.

2

Certification and licensure requirements fall into three main categories;general degree and program requirements, assessment requirements, andspecific additional requirements.■ Degree and program requirements refer to the type of degree obtained at

either the bachelor’s or graduate level at a postsecondary institution andthe prescribed courses and in-school observations and internshipactivities that are part of a state-approved teacher preparation program;

■ Assessment requirements refer to the written tests or other evaluations

that teaching candidates must pass before they receive their certificate orlicense; and

■ Additional requirements refer to special courses prescribed by the state

over and above the preparation program.

Table A summarizes the certification and licensure requirements and therenewal process for the first credential awarded to newly prepared teachers.The first three columns in table A summarize differences among states.Thirty-seven states permit satisfaction of degree requirements with either amajor in education or in a subject matter area. In 11 states, a degree in asubject area is the entry-level degree to the certificate or license. In six states,a degree in education is required.If the state requires a degree in a subject matter area, teaching candidatesalso must fulfill requirements concerning their professional knowledge ofteaching. In some states this is accomplished through participation in astate-approved teacher preparation program. This program can be at eitherthe undergraduate or graduate level. Furthermore, satisfying the credit hourrequirements may be sufficient. The teaching candidate is not alwaysexpected to earn a degree. In some states, the degree and preparationprograms are administered by a postsecondary institution; in others, theremay be programs located in both institutions and in school districts. Stillanother way to be certified is to submit a transcript of one’s credits insubject matter areas and in professional education to a state authority for

How to Read Table A: Summary of Requirements for Initial Teacher Certification and Licensure by State

validation and review. Candidates who are certificountry also have procedures to follow to qualify reciprocity agreements, other credentials may be criteria for entry into the profession in the state.Most states can provide a detailed breakdown of trequirements, but there is some variability across are required per program or degree, what they are in their preparation experience, are required to paIn addition to the course requirements, special adfrequently identified by the state. These additioninitial certificate or license reflect particular areas example, studies of the state’s history, the U.S. Cinstruction, special education, and cultural diversdifferences.Table A also reports the number of years for whiccertificate is valid. Twenty-nine states reported a 4-year period was reported by two; a 3-year peristates; a 2-year period by five; a 6-year period by validity period by two. One respondent state repperiod.Finally, the specific course work and other requirenewal of the initial certificate or license are lissequence has been developed to allow teachers tbeginning status to a more advanced status. Therequirements inherent in developing such a sequare not listed in the state profiles or in the summbecause the focus of this report is the first certifinformation about renewal and advanced certificon the state Web sites, whose URL, or Web addpage of each state profile.

Summary Data Tables • TABLE A
State A Bachelor’s Degree Credit-Hour or Additional Course Years Requirements for the Renew

Accepted In* Course Requirements Requirements Specified Valid

in the Preparation

Program Specified

Education Subject Area

Table A. Summary of Requirements for Initial Teacher Certification and Licensure by State: 1998

Summary Data Tables • TABLE A

Alabama Yes Yes No No 5 Three years of satisfactory educatio

5 allowable Continuing Education professional development.

Alaska Yes Yes Yes Three semester hours of approved 5 Six semester hours or 9 quarter ho

Alaska studies and 3 semester hours of the issue date of the certificate due approved multicultural education/cross- 6 semester hours must be upper dicultural communications.

Arizona Yes Yes Yes Course work in the study of the Arizona 6 One hundred and eighty hours of 

and U.S. Constitutions taken during the valid period of th

issued or last renewed on or after J

Arkansas Yes Yes Yes No 2 Two years of teaching within the p

licenses are renewable every five yedevelopment activities.

California No Yes Yes Two semester units or three quarter 5 Obtaining the Professional Clear C

units in the provisions and principles A formal recommendation from an of the United States Constitution or preparation program; completion opassage of an examination in the completion of a course work requisubject given by a regionally accredited Education, and Computer Educaticommunity college, college, or university. Developing English Language Skil

requirement, by successful complecourse that includes the systematic decoding; literature, language and intervention techniques.Course work may be substituted fo

Colorado Yes Yes No No 3 A Provisional License may be renew

been unable to complete an approvother than incompetence. Renewa6 semester or 9 quarter hours of cr

Connecticut No Yes Yes No 3 To obtain a Provisional Educator c

months of successful experience unsuccessfully complete a performanteachers.

Delaware Yes Yes No No 5 Three years of experience within th

* Out-of-state candidates may earn certification without meeting this requirement, based on a reciprocity agreement. Similar exceptions exist for candidates who earn creeducation.
4 Summary Data Tables • TABLE A

Table A. Summary of Requirements for Initial Teacher Certification and Licensure by State: 1998, cont’d.

Delaware, cont’d. The initial certificate is valid for 5 fiscal 

expiration provided the employee shall htime, for at least 3 school years during thof position for which the certificate was 

District Yes Yes No No 5 Renewable with 6 semester hours of spec

of ColumbiaFlorida Yes Yes Yes No 2 Fulfillment of the recency of college cred

requirement and successful completion oOrientation Program.

Georgia Yes Yes Yes Course work in special education 5 Completion of 10 quarter hours of the a

is required for all teaching fields. Georgia requirements must be met if noCourse work in the teaching of reading isrequired for Elementary Education, EarlyChildhood Education, Middle Grades,Mental Retardation, Learning Disabilities,Behavior Disorders, InterrelatedSpecial Education/Early Childhood, andEnglish.

Hawaii Yes Yes Yes No 5 Continued satisfaction of the standards 

Standards Board.

Idaho Yes Yes Yes No 5 Completion of at least 6 semester credit 

the validity period of the credential beinthree equivalency credits (45 clock hourfoundations. In-service participation marequirement of six semester credits. Conare not accepted.

Illinois Yes Yes No No 5 One-hundred and eighty Continuing Pr

(CPDUs) or 24 Continuing Education U

Indiana Yes No No No 5 Completion of 6 semester hours (underg

college course work every 5 years. Reneone’s certification major, certification mContinuing Renewal Units (CRU’s) may only after earning a master’s degree or af

State A Bachelor’s Degree Credit-Hour or Additional Course Years Requirements for the Renewal of 

Accepted In Course Requirements Requirements Specified Valid

in the Preparation

Program Specified

Education Subject Area
Indiana, cont’d. hours beyond the bachelor’s degree 

Ninety CRU’s are required for a 5-

Iowa No Yes Yes Completion of an approved human 5 Six semester hours every 5 years.

relations component.

Kansas No Yes No No 3 A 2-hour (or more) survey course i

Verification of 2 or more years of aof the 3-year Kansas certificate and application. Recommendation by awhich the applicant is employed.

Kentucky Yes Yes No No 5 Three years of successful teaching 

additional graduate credit.

Louisiana Yes No No No 5 Successful completion of an indivi

assessment program.

Maine No Yes Yes No 5 Completion of 6 credits (or the eq

the lifetime of the certificate, and a certification support system.

Maryland Yes Yes Yes Additional Reading content requirements: 3 The Standard Professional Certific

Early Childhood/Elementary: at the request of a local superinten12 semester hours in the following content: semester hours of acceptable creditProcesses and Acquisition of Reading, requirement (3 years satisfactory pInstruction of Reading, Materials the SPC II.for Teaching Reading, and Assessmentfor Reading InstructionSecondary or K-12:6 semester hours in the following content:Methods of Teaching Reading in theSecondary Content Area, Part 1,Methods of Teaching Reading in theSecondary Content Area, Part 2

Massachusetts No Yes Yes No 5 Educators must qualify for the stan

validity period of the provisional cfollowing: graduate-level content spedagogy, graduate-level pedagogicproject, and a 400-hour clinical ex

Summary Data Tables • TABLE A

Table A. Summary of Requirements for Initial Teacher Certification and Licensure by State: 1998, con

State A Bachelor’s Degree Credit-Hour or Additional Course Years Requirements for the Renew

Accepted In Course Requirements Requirements Specified Valid

in the Preparation

Program Specified

Education Subject Area
6

Michigan Yes Yes Yes Elementary: 6 semester hours in the 6 Completion of the 18-semester hour pla

teaching of reading the provisional certificate or a master’s dSecondary: 3 semester hours in the renewal requires the completion of 10 seteaching of reading. planned program. The second renewal r

hour planned program. Additional threeof all the academic requirements for the the sponsorship of a public or private scMichigan Department of Education.

Minnesota Yes No Yes Minnesota Human Relations Program 2 One year of teaching experience; contin

five years upon completion of 125 clock 

Mississippi Yes No No No 5 Ten continuing education units (CEUs) 

or 3 semester hours in content or job/skeducation units in content or job/skill recontent or job/skill related area ; or comProfessional Teaching Standards process

Missouri Yes Yes Yes No 3 Participation in an entry-year mentor pr

implementation of a professional develohours of in-service training; participatioevaluation; participation in beginning-te3 years of approved teaching experience. an extension or reissue may be granted.)

Montana Yes Yes Yes No 5 Complete the equivalent of four semeste

a minimum of 1 year of successful teachperiod of certification.

Nebraska Yes Yes Yes Human Relations Training and Achievement 5 Teaching experience for 2 consecutive ye

of Special Education Competencies the same school system in the past 5 yea

semester hours of approved credit (withiapplication).

Nevada Yes Yes Yes 3 Six semester hours of credit or the equivNew Hampshire Yes Yes No No 3 All employed certified educators with th

renew their credentials through their disdevelopment committee. All nonemplorenew their credentials directly with the 

Summary Data Tables • TABLE A

Table A. Summary of Requirements for Initial Teacher Certification and Licensure by State: 1998, cont’d.

State A Bachelor’s Degree Credit-Hour or Additional Course Years Requirements for the Renewal of 

Accepted In Course Requirements Requirements Specified Valid

in the Preparation

Program Specified

Education Subject Area
New Jersey No Yes Yes No 5 Each active teacher shall be require

approved continuing professional dyears. The content of each teachera Professional Improvement Plan onon-public school that: 1) meets ceducation established by the Commcommon standards for the content emphasizing but not be limited to, the Core Curriculum Content StanState Board of Education. The 100a combination of various state-appProfessional Teaching Standards Boof Education. (These requirements aJanuary 1, 2000 and January 1, 20

New Mexico Yes Yes Yes No 3 Satisfactory demonstration of the S

competencies. Adherence to a Profdeveloped, implemented and monof earning a master’s degree, to be teachers are not required to earn adlicensure renewal. Additional credPDP for continuing employment.

New York Yes Yes Yes Child Abuse Workshop: Applicants for 5 Successful completion of one-year 

provisional or permanent certification for teaching experience, plus a master’administrative and supervisory service, Content Specialty Test and Assessmclassroom teaching service or schoolservice are required to complete 2 clockhours of course work or training regardingthe identification and reporting of suspectedchild abuse or maltreatment.

North Carolina No Yes No No 5 Minimum of 150 hours (15 renew

documented in an Individual Growperiod. The plan should be focuseresponsibility; be aligned to the Staddress the school or district’s strataddress the appropriate job-specifitechnology competence that is aligState Board of Education. One rentime teaching completed during th

Summary Data Tables • TABLE A

Table A. Summary of Requirements for Initial Teacher Certification and Licensure by State: 1998, con

State A Bachelor’s Degree Credit-Hour or Additional Course Years Requirements for the Renew

Accepted In Course Requirements Requirements Specified Valid

in the Preparation

Program Specified

Education Subject Area
8

North Dakota Yes Yes Yes No 5 Four semester hours of specified credit eOhio Yes Yes Yes A minimum of 6 semester hours in the 2 Three semester hours of course work rel

teaching of reading, including at least one the area of specialization since last issuanseparate 3-semester hour course in theteaching of phonics, for the early childhoodand middle childhood licenses.

Oklahoma Yes Yes Yes 1 Teaching experience, college course work

or a combination of the above. [Oklahomof change from a course-based system to a c

Oregon Yes No Yes No 3 One year of full-time teaching or nine a

3 years. Beginning in January 2002, educompletion of 125 Continuing Professiowell as recent experience.

Pennsylvania Yes Yes No No 6 Level I is the initial license. Must obtain 

Level I certificate expires. A minimum o(minimally half-time in Pennsylvania in Pennsylvania Level I certificate) is requircertification depend on the type of Leveissued.

Rhode Island Yes Yes No No 3 Initial certification in Rhode Island prov

provisional certificate that requires the cExperienced educators having 3 years of Island are granted a 5-year professional ccompletion of nine credits every 5 years

South Carolina Yes Yes No No 5 Six semester hours of appropriate credit. 

must be earned in specific content or teaindividual is certified.

South Dakota Yes Yes Yes No 5 Six semester hours of continuing educatTennessee Yes Yes Yes No 5 Three years teaching experience and a po

the Professional Teacher License. If the lTennessee public school, renewal is granor graduate level course in a current area education with a grade of “B” or above a

Summary Data Tables • TABLE A

Table A. Summary of Requirements for Initial Teacher Certification and Licensure by State: 1998, cont’d.

State A Bachelor’s Degree Credit-Hour or Additional Course Years Requirements for the Renewal of 

Accepted In Course Requirements Requirements Specified Valid

in the Preparation

Program Specified

Education Subject Area
Texas No Yes Yes No 5 To be eligible for renewal, an educ

education requirements relating to continuing professional education disciplinary action; and must not b

Utah Yes No No No 4 Teacher certificates are automaticaVermont Yes Yes No No 2 Level 1 Renewal: Current teachers 

endorsement renewals (with 2 yearstandards board. Those not currenOffice of the Department of Educ

Virginia No Yes No No 5 Completion of 180 professional de

period based on an individualized Professional development points caactivities such as: college credit, preducational travel, curriculum devmentorship/supervision, educationagency professional development asemester hours in a content area) iareas shall be required of license hobe satisfied at the undergraduate owork designed to assist classroom tworking with students with disabileducational technology, or English completed to satisfy the content corenewal process. Professional develVirginia Standards of Learning, Stmay be accepted in lieu of the con

Washington Yes Yes Yes No 4 Must have completed all course wo

certificate or must have completed study since the issuance of the mos

West Virginia Yes Yes No No 3 Six semester hours of appropriate r

subsequent to the issuance of the cyear period immediately preceding designee must give prior approval Professional Certificate.

Summary Data Tables • TABLE A

Table A. Summary of Requirements for Initial Teacher Certification and Licensure by State: 1998, con

State A Bachelor’s Degree Credit-Hour or Additional Course Years Requirements for the Renew

Accepted In Course Requirements Requirements Specified Valid

in the Preparation

Program Specified

Education Subject Area
10

Wisconsin Yes Yes Yes No 5 Six semester credits earned during the pa

college or university or in Department oEquivalency Clock Hours (ECH) activit

Wyoming Yes Yes Yes No 5 Any combination of the following: gradu

approved program at an accredited institcompletion of workshops for in-service cprograms approved by the Professional TContinuing Education Units, ProfessionProfessional Development Programs, if a

American Samoa No data No data No data No data 8 Successful yearly teaching evaluation, th

semester hours of college courses or the approved “B” credits, and the completioand 8 years of teaching experience.

Department of No Yes Yes No 6 Six semester credits every 6 years—3 of wDefense Education teaching area.

Activity (DoDEA)Federated States No data No data No data No data No data No dataof MicronesiaGuam Yes Yes Yes No No data Six semester hours, 18 continuing educa

two.

Northern Unspec. Unspec. No No 1 No formal renewal procedure is specified

Mariana Islands1Puerto Rico Yes Yes Yes Yes 6 Renewal requires certification of mental 

criminal offenses.

Virgin Islands No data No data No data No data 3 Must renew certificate after 3 years teach

attending refresher courses, conferences, 

Summary Data Tables • TABLE A

Table A. Summary of Requirements for Initial Teacher Certification and Licensure by State: 1998, cont’d.

State A Bachelor’s Degree Credit-Hour or Additional Course Years Requirements for the Renewal of 

Accepted In Course Requirements Requirements Specified Valid

in the Preparation

Program Specified

Education Subject Area

1 Requirement is a Bachelor’s degree or above, but the subject area or specialization is not specified.
How to Read Table B: Summary of Assessments Offered for Initial Teacher Certification and Licensure 

Summary Data Tables • TABLE B

Table B reports the types of teacher assessments required by states. Writtenassessments for teaching candidates can be organized into four categories:basic skills; professional knowledge of teaching; subject area or contentknowledge and pedagogy; and specialized assessments. Forty-five statesrequire some kind of written assessments as part of the certification andlicensure process. In 10 states, no assessments are required and for three, noinformation was obtained. In addition, two states use performanceassessments.States that require written or performance assessments, however, under someconditions allow teaching candidates to substitute experience or othercredentials for the assessment. Since this condition exists, the Initial Reportrefers to “assessments offered,” rather than “assessments required.” This termindicates that assessments are part of the certification and licensure process,but may not be required for all candidates and will not necessarily be takenby all candidates.Table B contains the following information:■ An identification of the states from which assessment information was

not obtained in the initial questionnaire;

■ An identification of the states that do not currently require any

standardized assessments;

■ The number of assessments offered by each state;■ The assessment categories in which written assessments are offered—

basic skills, professional knowledge of teaching, subject matterknowledge, and other (specialized assessments); and

■ The performance assessments that are used by specific states.The number of assessments developed and used for basic skills andprofessional knowledge of teaching do not fluctuate as much from state tostate as do the required subject matter assessments. The state profiles listeach assessment in all areas as reported by state respondents and the sourceor developer of the assessment. It is important to note that states offer andrequire many more tests than individuals may take in one academic year.The number of assessments taken in any given year represents the potentialnumber of candidates for teaching certificates or licenses at a specific level orin an area of specialization.The information for table B was taken from the Web sites and materials ofthe two major organizations that create tests for teacher certification and

licensure: the Educational Testing Service (ETSystems, Inc. (NES). Respondents were then information. The ETS series is called Praxis. Thas been created in both written and computteaching candidates have the option to be teswhere both modes exist, all portions of both counted as part of the total number of assessmof tests are customized for each participating that uses the tests. In appendices A and B, a cboth of these organizations is found, along wscores for passing) that states establish for the

Assessments Offered Across States: 1

Assessments, by Type 

States Offering (Any) Written Assessments States Offering No Assessments States Not Reporting Written Assessments in Basic Skills Written Assessments in Professional Knowledge of Teaching... at the Elementary level ... at the Middle School level ... at the Secondary level ... the same assessment at all levels Written Assessments in Subject Areas Written Assessments in Special Education Written Assessments in Early Childhood EducationWritten Assessments in Reading States Requiring Performance Assessments (i.e., classroom observation or portfolios)

* Fifty-eight states were surveyed. “States,” for the purposes District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the various insular ar
12

How to Read Table B: Summary of Assessments Offered for Initial Teacher Certification and Licensure by 

Summary Data Tables • TABLE B

Assessments as requirements for entry into the profession are commonlyused by states for a variety of professions. In some, like law, accountancy,and medicine, new professionals must complete all course work andinternship activities before sitting for these exams.Teaching candidates, unlike new accountants or lawyers, may takestandardized assessments at different points in their educational careers. Infact, in some states, assessments are used as formative evaluation instrumentsto assess the knowledge and abilities of students coming in to a teacherpreparation program and the growth in their knowledge and abilities whenthey leave it. In some states, the passing of basic skills tests is a requirementof acceptance into a program. Also, teaching candidates choose when to take

professional knowledge and content area and spectake these more than once. This test-taking behavthroughout the participation in a preparation prois undergraduate or graduate in level and whether university or a school district. Thus there is much the population of test takers for the teacher assesssimilar assessments in the fields of law or accountETS has provided the following distribution to ilamong test takers regarding the points at which ttaken. This is a sample of field data collected by Eprofile all subject or skill areas.

Educational Level of ETS Praxis Examinees: 1997-1998

Examination

Subject Areas

Educational Level Professional Englishat the time

Pre-Professional

Knowledge Language Math 

of the exam Reading Writing Mathematics of Teaching Arts

Total Percent Total Percent Total Percent Total Percent Total Percent Total Percent 

Total 37,624 100.0 42,372 100.0 43,578 100.0 55,518 100.0 4,204 100.0 2,743 100.0 Fresh/Soph 16,365 43.5 16,516 39.0 16,436 37.7 803 1.4 9 0.2 7 0.3 Junior 8,562 22.8 8,822 20.8 9,017 20.7 4,686 8.4 162 3.9 126 4.6 Senior 5,376 14.3 6,089 14.4 6,547 15.0 22,321 40.2 1,061 25.2 755 27.5 Post-B.A. 6,038 16.0 9,616 22.7 10,138 23.3 25,946 46.7 2,771 65.9 1,722 62.8 Not reported 1,283 3.4 1,329 3.1 1,440 3.3 1,762 3.2 201 4.8 133 4.8 
Alabama X NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Alaska 6 Yes No No No No No No No Arizona 32 Yes Yes–same test Yes–same test Yes–same test Yes Yes Yes No Arkansas 51 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No California 51 Yes Yes–same test Yes–same test Yes–same test Yes No No YeColorado 41 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YeConnecticut 42 Yes No Yes No Yes Yes No No Delaware 11 Yes No No No No No No No District ofColumbia 30 Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No Florida 66 Yes Yes–same test Yes–same test Yes–same test Yes Yes Yes No Georgia 51 Yes No Yes No Yes Yes Yes YeHawaii 42 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Idaho X NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Illinois 45 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YeIndiana 35 Yes Yes–same test Yes–same test Yes–same test Yes Yes Yes YeIowa X NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Kansas 4 Yes Yes–same test Yes–same test Yes–same test No No No No Kentucky 50 Yes Yes–same test Yes–same test Yes–same test Yes Yes No No Louisiana 26 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Maine 8 Yes No No No No No No No Maryland 42 Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Massachusetts 44 Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes YeMichigan 75 Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes YeMinnesota 6 Yes No No No No No No No 

Summary Data Tables • TABLE B

Table B. Summary of Assessments Offered for Initial Teacher Certification and Licensure by State: 19

Written Tests 

Basic Skills Professional Knowledge of Teaching Subject Other 

Elementary Middle Secondary Special Early Read

Grades Ed. Ch. Ed.

Data not No Number of

State obtained assessments written

required tests offered*
14

Written Tests 

Basic Skills Professional Knowledge of Teaching Subject Other 

Elementary Middle Secondary Special Early Reading

Grades Ed. Ch. Ed.

Data not No Number of

State obtained assessments written

required tests offered*

Summary Data Tables • TABLE B

Table B. Summary of Assessments Offered for Initial Teacher Certification and Licensure by State: 1998, Mississippi 36 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No Missouri 32 Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Montana 6 Yes No No No No No No No Nebraska 7 Yes No No No No No No No Nevada 47 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes NewHampshire 6 Yes No No No No No No No New Jersey 21 No No No No Yes No No Yes New Mexico 6 Yes Yes–same test Yes–same test Yes–same test No No No No New York 28 Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No North Carolina 57 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes North Dakota X NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Ohio 39 No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Oklahoma 42 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Oregon 64 Yes Yes–same test Yes–same test Yes–same test Yes Yes Yes No Pennsylvania 45 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Rhode Island 3 Yes Yes–same test Yes–same test Yes–same test No No No No South Carolina 29 No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes South Dakota X NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Tennessee 65 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Texas 60 No Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Utah X NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Vermont X NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA Virginia 32 Yes No No No Yes Yes Yes No Washington X NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 
Written Tests 

Basic Skills Professional Knowledge of Teaching Subject Other 

Elementary Middle Secondary Special Early Read

Grades Ed. Ch. Ed.

Data not No Number of

State obtained assessments written

required tests offered*

West Virginia 49 Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YeWisconsin 6 Yes No No No No No No No Wyoming X NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA American X not not not not not not not not noSamoa obtained obtained obtained obtained obtained obtained obtained obtained obtaiDepartment of 7 Yes Yes–same test Yes–same test Yes–same test No No No No DefenseEducationActivityFederated X not not not not not not not not noStates of obtained obtained obtained obtained obtained obtained obtained obtained obtaiMicronesiaGuam 1 Yes No No No No No No No Northern X NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA MarianaIslandsPuerto Rico 2 Yes Yes–same test Yes–same test Yes–same test No No No No Virgin X not not not not not not not not noIslands obtained obtained obtained obtained obtained obtained obtained obtained obtaiTable B. Summary of Assessments Offered for Initial Teacher Certification and Licensure by State: 19

Summary Data Tables • TABLE B

* The number of tests offered as reported by the state. All offered tests are not taken every year.NA= Not Applicable
16

How to Read Table C: Summary of Pass Rates for Initial Teacher Certification and Licensure Written Tests 

Summary Data Tables • TABLE C

Table C contains data collected from state certification and licensureauthorities regarding pass rates on teacher assessments. The Title II reportingrequirements specify that states should report the proportion of theirteaching candidates passing state-required assessments by preparationprogram. While it was expected that most states would have pass rate datafrom testing companies, the collection for the Initial Report indicated thesedata were not readily available in every state.Table C reports the following:■ The existence of assessment requirements on teaching candidates;■ The availability of pass rate data from respondents;■ The number of teacher preparation programs (as reported by the

respondents);

■ The availability of overall pass rates for all programs; and■ The availability of pass rate data by program.As required by Title II, each reported assessment pass rate was ranked acrossall programs where 10 or more test takers participated in that assessment.Pass rates were rounded to the nearest percent. In some cases, institutionswith the same percentage pass rate will have different ranks. The rankingsare shown on each state profile where detailed data were reported. Therankings were done in strict numerical order. It is important to note that, instates with many teacher preparation programs, there can be many ties inpass rates, and therefore small differences in pass rates can lead to large

differences in rank. Considering the restrictions rtakers and reporting of pass rates and the fact thahave test takers in all assessment categories, it womake any general statements about the relationshcharacteristics and program pass rates. Similarly, should be compared across states. This is particulstate sets its own “cut score” or minimum score thto pass.In addition, this section contains three graphs to among states’ cut scores. ETS has provided data fKnowledge Test, and a sampling of content matteETS Praxis tests, therefore these graphs simply illdoes exist for a few of the many Praxis tests that sThe graphs have columns of data displaying natiominimum passing scores for each state. The first percentages. The middle column lists the nationaparticular percentages. For example, in graph 1, tthe score 172 is found at the 20th percentile. The 

the entire population of PPST: Reading test takerearned a score of 172 or lower. The third column passing score for each state, distributed among thto pass the PPST: Reading in the District of ColuNevada, and West Virginia the test taker must ea
Graph 1.—State Minimum Passing Scores on the ETS Praxis Pre-Professional Skills Tests (PPST), by Sco

100 190 100 190 100 190

80 183 80 179 80 18460 180 60 176 60 18040 177 40 174 40 17520 172 20 171 20 169

0 100 0 100 0 100

PPST: Reading PPST: Writing PPST: Mathemat

Min. Observed Score = 152; Max. = 188

Median Score (50%) = 178

Min. Observed Score = 151; Max. = 190

Median Score (50%) = 175

Min. Observed 

Median 

Summary Data Tables • TABLE C

Nat’l Nat’l Min. Nat’l Nat’l Min. % Nat’l Nat’l Min.

% Score Pass. % Score Pass. % Score Pass.

Score Score Score

178 VA177 DoDEA176 NC175 DE, HI, WI, USVI174 NH, OR173 KS, KY, ME, MN172 DC, FL, GA, NV, WV170 AR, MS, MT, NE169 TN

176 VA174 WI, DoDEA, USVI173 DE, NC172 GA, KS, KY, MD, MN, MS,

NE, NH, NV, TN

171 AR, DC, FL, HI, OR, WV170 MT168 ME

178 V176 H175 F174 D

... 1... 1

169 A
18 Summary Data Tables • TABLE C

Graph 2.—State Minimum Passing Scores on the ETS Praxis Content Area Tests, by Score Percentile: 1997-

100 200 100 200 100 200

80 190 80 157 80 18060 181 60 144 60 17240 172 40 134 40 16220 162 20 121 20 153

0 100 0 100 0 100

English/Language Arts, Content Knowl. Mathematics, Content Knowledge Social Studies, Cont

Min. Observed Score = 100; Max. = 200

Median Score (50%) = 176

Min. Observed Score = 100; Max. = 200

Median Score (50%) = 139

Min. Observed Sc

Median Sco

Nat’l Nat’l Min. Nat’l Nat’l Min. % Nat’l Nat’l Min.

% Score Pass. % Score Pass. % Score Pass.

Score Score Score

172 CT165 FL164 HI, OR

147 OR141 CT, DC, KY137 MO133 WV130 NJ127 PA124 GA

162 CT158 FL, O157 PA153 NJ

163 GA158 MO; 157 - TN; 155 - NJ, WV;

... 153 - PA; 142 - DC, 138 - KY

136 HI, TN

154 HI152 MO, 151 GA148 WV; 
Summary Data Tables • TABLE C 

Graph 3.—State Minimum Passing Scores on the ETS Praxis Professional Knowledge Test, by Score Per

Min. Observed Score = 600; Max. = 685

Median Score (50%) = 663

100 690

80 67060 66540 66020 652

0 600

Nat’l Nat’l Min.

% Score Pass.

Score

Professional Knowledge

649 NV; 648 - KY, LA; 645 - KS;

... 644 - IN; 643 - NJ; 642 - AR, HI,... NH, NY; 630 - MT, NM

653 PA661 NC
20

Alabama X NA NA NAAlaska NA No NoArizona NA No NoArkansas NA No NoCalifornia NA No NoColorado NA Yes NoConnecticut 14 No YesDelaware 7 No YesDistrict ofColumbia NA No NoFlorida NA Yes NoGeorgia NA No NoHawaii 5 No YesIdaho X NA No NoIllinois 55 Yes YesIndiana NA No NoIowa X NA No NoKansas NA No NoKentucky 26 No YesLouisiana 21 No YesMaine NA No NoMaryland NA No NoMassachusetts 58 No YesMichigan NA No NoMinnesota 25 No Yes

Table C. Summary of Pass Rates for Initial Teacher Certification/Licensure Written Tests by State: 1998

Summary Data Tables • TABLE C

State No Assessments Data not available Number of Teacher Overall Pass Rates Pass Rate

Required Preparation Programs, Provided by by Instituti

as Reported by State State Provided by S
Mississippi NA Yes Missouri 35 No Montana NA No Nebraska NA No Nevada 2 No New Hampshire NA No New Jersey NA No New Mexico 7 No New York 113 No North Carolina NA No North Dakota X NA NA Ohio 49 No Oklahoma 21 No Oregon NA No Pennsylvania 80 No Rhode Island 8 No South Carolina 30 No South Dakota X NA NA Tennessee 37 No Texas 86 No Utah X NA NA Vermont X NA NA Virginia NA No Washington X NA NA West Virginia 19 Yes Wisconsin NA No 

Table C. Summary of Pass Rates for Initial Teacher Certification/Licensure Written Tests by State: 199

Summary Data Tables • TABLE C

State No Assessments Data not available Number of Teacher Overall Pass Rates Pass 

Required Preparation Programs, Provided by by Ins

as Reported by State State Provide
22

Wyoming X NA NA NAAmerican Samoa X NA NA NADoDEA NA NA NAFederated States ofMicronesia X NA Yes NAGuam NA No NoNorthernMariana Islands X X NA NA NAPuerto Rico NA Yes NoVirgin Islands X NA NA NA

Table C. Summary of Pass Rates for Initial Teacher Certification/Licensure Written Tests by State: 1998

Summary Data Tables • TABLE C

State No Assessments Data not available Number of Teacher Overall Pass Rates Pass Rat

Required Preparation Programs, Provided by by Institu

as Reported by State State Provided by 

NA = No pass rates were reported by institution, therefore the number of programs was not reported.
How to Read Table D: Teachers with Waivers, by High- and Low-Poverty Districts and Selected Fields, 

Summary Data Tables • TABLE D

Table D contains highlights of the waiver data collected through the initialquestionnaire. State respondents were asked to report the number of teachersand the number of teachers with waivers, disaggregated by high- and lowpoverty districts and by subject areas. However, this reporting wasinconsistent in its detail. Therefore, for some states, the number of teacherswith waivers may have been reported, but not the total number of teachers,thus making it impossible to develop a percentage for that district, field, orlevel.High- and low poverty districts were developed from a file of data, usingboth Bureau of the Census and Common Core of Data 1995 resources onschool districts and income, for families with children aged 5-17. Thoseschool districts in which 20 percent or more of the families were below thepoverty line, or in which more than 6,500 children belonged to familiesbelow the poverty line, were classified as high-poverty districts; all otherschool districts were classified as low-poverty districts.Table D focuses on those grade levels or subject areas either in the academiccore or considered likely to have shortages of teachers. Appendix C presentsa more complete table with waiver data from any areas reported by thestates.

States have a number of different categories fcertification and licensure requirements, therto compare the waiver totals or percentages frof the categories unique to each state are to bRespondents were asked to specify if part-timincluded in the waiver numbers.Detailed explanatory notes for table D demonstates regarding definitions, academic years coincluded within the waiver totals.In table D, the following abbreviations have bT = Total number of teachersW= Number of teachers with waivers% = Percentage of teachers with waiversNR = Data not reportedNA = Not Applicable (data may be missing so calculated)
24 Summary Data Tables • TABLE D

Table D: Teachers with Waivers,1 by High- and Low-Poverty Districts and Selected Fields, by State: 1998

State Teachers Teachers Teachers Field

in high-poverty in low-poverty

 districts districts Elementary English 

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W

Alabama2 26,054 732 2.8 14,319 497 3.5 11,735 235 2.0 6,943 36 0.5 3,287 66 Alaska3 9,563 5 0.1 1,223 3 0.3 8,280 2 .02Arizona4 30,094 60 0.2ArkansasCaliforniaColorado 37,841 659 1.7 7,632 302 4.0 30,209 357 1.2Connecticut5 47,096 106 (6) 0.2 8,397 41 0.5 36,511 37 0.1 2,583 1 Delaware 7,525 149 2.0 130 4 3.1 7,384 145 2.0District of ColumbiaFlorida7 65,001 732 1.1 9,308 676 Georgia8 86,303 3,290 3.8 61,275 2,428 4.0 25,028 862 3.4 36,202 566 1.6 7,729 226 Hawaii9 11,223 841 7.5 5,498 367 6.7 5,634 474 8.4 9 26 Idaho10 13,395 396 3.0 755 37 4.9 12,641 359 2.8 6,833 7 0.1Illinois11Indiana12 1,149 (13) 299 631 25 22 Iowa14 34,309 1,463 4.3 37 Kansas 31,940 53 0.2 15 38 1 Kentucky 46,369 398 0.9 227 (15) 171Louisiana16 53,857 6,726 12.5 46,252 6,202 13.4 7,605 524 6.9 24,741 2,018 8.2Maine17 15,086 42 (18) 0.3 5 26 Maryland19 48,489 2,776 5.7 27,676 2,351 8.5 20,813 425 2.0Massachusetts20 64,682 378 0.6 16,300 278 1.7 48,382 100 0.2Michigan 452 187 265 51 3 Minnesota 62,634 636 (21) 1.0 8,916 79 0.9 53,718 557 1.0 Mississippi22 57,363 545 0.9 437 108Missouri23 3,554 415 208 
Montana24 10,228 7 0.1 5.5 1.5Nebraska25 20,008 252 1.3 3,555 78 2.2 16,453 173 1.1 11,705 98 0.8 11 1 Nevada26 18,396 197 (27) 1.1 11,411 50 0 6,062 126 2.1 8,583New HampshireNew Jersey28 89,204 1,014 1.1New Mexico29 35,028 1,994 5.7 30,976 1,794 5.8 4,052 200 4.9 167 New York30 214,309 19,539 9.1 15,248 1,58North Carolina 68,238 6,368 9.3 36,523 3,652 10.0 31,715 2,716 8.6North Dakota 8,653 7 0.1 1,033 1 0.1 5,214 6 0.1 4,488 744 1 OhioOklahoma 47,655 281 (31) 0.6 146 95Oregon32 28,799 302 (33) 1.1 5,465 73 1.3 23,334 216 0.9 17,886 2 0 1,365 3 Pennsylvania 109,156 1,795 1.6 27,815 1,144 4.1 81,341 651 0.8 45,792 651 1.4 1Rhode Island34 11,067 150 1.4 2,684 142 5.3 8,916 8 0.1 3,994 7 0.2 455 1 South Carolina36 42,650 766 1.8 27,111 615 2.3 14,951 151 1.0South Dakota37 8,643 295 3.4 1,729 105 6.1 6,914 190 2.7 3,537 5 0.1 759 54 Tennessee38 51,030 903 (37) 1.8 19,480 518 2.7 31,550 385 1.2 8 6 Texas39 240,951 42,470 17.6 79,323 4,425 5.6 24,093 5,15Utah 23,177 252 1.0 260 22,917 10,788VermontVirginia40 84,231 5,277 6.2 21,637 1,645 7.6 62,594 3,632 5.8Washington 62,607 418 0.7 24,856 2 0 6 West Virginia41 2,046 1,105 153Wisconsin 57,017 1,920 3.4 7,797 49,218 37,651 110 0.3Wyoming42 8,156 183 2.2 723 14 1.9 7,433 169 2.2 1,454 6 American Samoa

Summary Data Tables • TABLE D

Table D: Teachers with Waivers, by High- and Low-Poverty Districts and Selected Fields, by State: 199

State Teachers Teachers Teachers Field

in high-poverty in low-poverty

 districts districts Elementary Engli

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W
26

State Field

Science Social Studies/

History

Table D: Teachers with Waivers, by High- and Low-Poverty Districts and Selected Fields, by State: 1998, c

T W% T W%

Summary Data Tables • TABLE D

DoDEANorthern Mariana IslandsGuam43 2,191 74 3.4Puerto RicoVirgin IslandsFederated States of Micronesia

Alabama2 2,100 89 4.2 1,475 40 2.7Alaska3Arizona4ArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticut5 701 1 0.1DelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFlorida7 6,379 444 6.5 6,247 295 4.7Georgia8 536 6 1.1 5,470 149 2.7Hawaii9 55 19Idaho10Illinois11Indiana12 6 9

Iowa14 20 Kansas 1 KentuckyLouisiana16Maine17 9Maryland19Massachusetts20Michigan 8 MinnesotaMississippi22Missouri23 183 Montana24Nebraska25Nevada26New Hampshire

State Teachers Teachers Teachers Field

in high-poverty in low-poverty

 districts districts Elementary English 

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W

State Fiel

Science 

T W% 
Table D: Teachers with Waivers, by High- and Low-Poverty Districts and Selected Fields, by State: 199

Summary Data Tables • TABLE D

New Jersey28New Mexico29 27 22New York30 13,437 1,748 13.0 13,027 1,281 9.8North CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregon32 1,013 (45) 2 0.2PennsylvaniaRhode Island34 160 13 8.1 4South Carolina36South Dakota37 527 55 10.4 493 50 10.2Tennessee38 21Texas39 14,048 3,024 21.5 16,095 3,540 22.0

UtahVermontVirginia 40Washington 5West Virginia 41WisconsinWyoming 42 1,369 10 0.American SamoaDoDEANorthern Mariana IslandsGuam 43Puerto RicoVirgin IslandsFederated States of Micronesia

State Field

Science Social Studies/

History

T W% T W%

State 

Science 

T W% 
28

1 States have made different distinctions within the broad categories of waivers which can be found inthe Waivers Appendix C and individual state profiles. For the purposes of this table, we have collapsedthe categories under the term waiver, meaning non-regular or non-initial certification.2 Alabama includes Driver Education/Health in the same category and music, art and theatre in thesame category.3 In Alaska, the state total is more than the sum of the high- and low-poverty districts because two havenot been included on either poverty list. (Mt. Edgecumbe HS (boarding school): 29 Alyeska CentralSchool (statewide correspondence school): 31)4 Waiver data for Arizona is for 1997-98.5 Waiver data for Connecticut is for 1997-98.6 Total number of waivers for Connecticut differs from the sum of high-and low-poverty districtsbecause some districts could not be classified.7 In Florida, the data for special education includes mentally handicapped, physically impaired, speechpathology, hearing impaired, visually impaired, and exceptional for 1997-98.8 Waiver data for Georgia is for 1997-98.9 In Hawaii, the waiver data includes two types of waivers the code “w” waiver and the code “5” waiver.10 Waiver data for Idaho is for 1998-99.11 Illinois did not begin collecting waiver information until May 1999.12 In Indiana, special education includes hearing impaired, learning disabled, mild disability students,mildly mentally disabled, seriously emotionally disturbed, severely disabled, and visually handicapped.13 Total number of waivers for Indiana differs from the sum of high-and low-poverty districts becausesome districts could not be classified.14 Iowa does not issue waivers. The numbers included are for conditional licenses.15 Numbers in high and low poverty districts are according to Kentucky’s categories.16 This number includes administrators, guidance counselors and librarians in Louisiana.17 High- and low-poverty district information for Maine follows the state’s definition.18 Total number of waivers for Maine differs from the sum of high-and low-poverty districts becausesome districts could not be classified.19 Waiver data for Maryland is as of February 5, 1999.20 The numbers for Massachusetts represent full- time equivalent teachers in 1997-98, those who arecurrently employed. Some districts may include those with waivers in the totals and some may not.21 Total number of waivers for Minnesota differs from the sum of high-and low-poverty districtsbecause some districts could not be classified.22 Waiver data for Mississippi is for 1996-97; numbers include the total number of certified educators.

Summary Data Tables • TABLE D

23 Missouri does not grant waivers; these data are for provisional care currently teachers and are seeking additional certification.24 Waiver data for Montana is for 1997-98 school year.25 Waiver data for Nebraska is for 1997-98 .26 The total number of teachers for Nevada and the number of teathe field) are from the 1997-98 school year.27 Total number of waivers for Nevada differs from the sum of higsome districts could not be classified.28 Waiver data for New Jersey is for 1997-98.29 Waiver data for New Mexico includes one-year emergency licen1997-98.30 Waiver data for New York is for 1996-97 and includes only clas31 Total number of waivers for Oklahoma differs from the sum of because some districts could not be classified.32 Waiver data for Oregon is for 1997-98.33 Total number of waivers for Oregon differs from the sum of higsome districts could not be classified.34 Waiver data for Rhode Island is for 1997-98.35 South Carolina issues conditional licenses, not waivers.36 Waiver data for South Dakota is for 1998-99.37 In Tennessee, the data listed in some cases reflects those who wcases reflects the total number of endorsements that were issued (n38 Total number of waivers for Tennessee differs from the sum of hbecause some districts could not be classified.39 Waiver data for Texas is for 1996-97.40 The data for Virginia represents the number of currently emplo41 The data for West Virginia includes state superintendents’ authof-field authorizations.42 Wyoming poverty data is for 1998-99 and subject data is for 1943 In Guam, the number of teachers on waivers is based on free/re44 In Oregon, data for math is at the secondary level.45 In Oregon, data for science is at the secondary level.

Table D • Endnotes
How to Read Table E: Summary of Types of Teacher Certification and Licensure by State: 1998(1)

Summary Data Tables • TABLE E

Table E presents the variety of ways in which states certify and licenseteachers. For the sake of simplification, the following explanation uses theterm “licensure” with the understanding that some states use the terms“certification” or “credential” instead. The table includes information aboutthree levels of standard licensure as well as emergency and temporarylicenses.

Three Stages of LicensureThe first three columns of the table provide information about three levelsof licensure that span a teacher’s career: (1) the initial license; (2) the full orstandard license; and (3) the advanced license. States are beginning to movein the direction of a licensure system that includes these three tiers and thatrecognizes teachers’ development throughout their careers. While few statesactually have three-stage licensure in place, Table E includes the three stagesin recognition of this growing trend.The initial license, often called “probationary” or “provisional,” is granted tobeginning teachers for a limited number of years. It signifies that anindividual has met initial requirements and has the potential to become agood teacher. It also recognizes that all new teachers need time to improvetheir teaching and to be evaluated on their classroom performance beforethey earn full licensure. Many states do not require the initial license.The full or standard license signifies a state’s approval of an individual as afully qualified, competent teacher. It is granted to teachers who have met allof the state’s requirements for entering the profession. This license is the firststage of teacher licensure in some states and the second stage in states thatrequire a provisional license.The advanced license is used by states that require or allow experiencedteachers to earn a higher credential based on their experience and

performance. One form of this third stage of National Board for Professional Teaching Sta

Emergency and Temporary LicensesThe terms “emergency” and “temporary” licenmeanings by different states. In some cases, th“emergency licensure” in one state and “tempBoth emergency and temporary licenses genewho have not fully met state standards for licsituations in which school districts need to fiwhere critical shortages exist and the districts teachers to fill the slots.A temporary license may also refer to a licensteach while they are in the process of complerequirements. Therefore, temporary licensure definitions. In some states, it is granted to an and has not passed required assessments. Anotemporary license to someone who is fully cetake one class in order to receive a full license In order to hire teachers under emergency ansuperintendents or principals often are requiror the state licensure authority and to documfull licensure. In many cases, states document such waivers annually. Most waivers are limitused for 1-3 years, and their renewal is restricSources for the data in table E are state Web and responses to the initial questionnaire.
30

Alabama Alternative Baccalaureate-level Certificate Class B Certificate Class A Certificate Em

Special Alternative Certificate

Alaska Provisional Certificate Type A Teacher Certificate TemArizona Provisional Teacher Certificate Standard Certificate Tem

Em

Arkansas Provisional License Standard License National Board of Professional

Teaching Standards Certification

California Preliminary Credential Preliminary Clear Credential Uni

DisPre-

Em

Colorado Provisional Teacher License Professional License Tem

Em

Connecticut Initial Educator Certificate Provisional Educator Certificate Professional Educator Certificate InteDelaware Initial Standard License Standard License Professional Status Certificate Lim

Tem

District of ColumbiaFlorida Temporary Certificate Professional Certificate OutGeorgia Professional Conditional Certificate Clear Renewable Certificate Em

Provisional/Conditional Certificate Pro

Hawaii Teacher License Permanent Certification TeaIdaho Basic Education Teaching Certificate Lett

ConMisAlte P

Tran

Illinois Standard Certificate Prov

Substitute Certificate TemGeneral Certificate Part

Transitional Bilingual Certificate

Indiana Standard License LimTable E. Summary of Types of Teacher Certification and Licensure by State: 1998

Summary Data Tables • TABLE E

State Initial Certificate Standard Certificate Advanced Certificate 

or License or License or License 
Iowa Provisional License Educational License Professional Teacher License 

Substitute LicenseExchange License

Kansas Initial Kansas Certificate Three-Year Standard Certificate Five-Year Standard Certificate 

Substitute Certificate

Kentucky Provisional Certificate Standard Certificate Professional Certificate Louisiana Temporary Certificate Maine Provisional Certificate Teaching Certificate Maryland Provisional Certificate Standard Professional Certificate I & II Advanced Professional Certificate 

Extended SPC

Massachusetts Provisional Certificate Standard Certificate 

Provisional Certificate with Advanced Standing

Michigan Provisional Certificate Professional Education Certificate 

Minnesota Initial License (1 year) Five Year License 

Entrance License (2 years) 

Mississippi Standard Educator License (Class A) Standard Educator License 

(Class AA, AAA, AAAA)

Missouri Provisional Certificate Professional Certificate I & II Continuous Professional Certificate Montana Provisional Certificate (Class 5) Standard Certificate (Class 2) Professional Certificate (Class 1) 

Nebraska Initial Teaching Certificate Standard Teaching Certificate Professional Teaching Certificate 

Provisional Teaching Certificate 

Nevada Limited Elementary Endorsement Elementary License Professional Elementary License 

Secondary License Professional Secondary License

New Hampshire Beginning Educator Certificate Experienced Educator Certificate New Jersey Provisional License Standard License New Mexico Level I License Level II License Level III License Table E. Summary of Types of Teacher Certification and Licensure by State: 1998, cont’d.

Summary Data Tables • TABLE E

State Initial Certificate Standard Certificate Advanced Certificate 

or License or License or License 
32

New York Provisional Certificate Permanent Certificate Tem

(1 y

North Carolina Initial License Continuing License TemNorth Dakota Two Year Entrance Certificate Professional Certificate InteOhio Provisional License Professional License TemOklahoma Licensed Beginning Educator Standard Certificate Em

Provisional Certificate

Oregon Initial Basic Teaching License Standard Teaching License Lim

Tran

Pennsylvania Instructional Level I Certificate Instructional Level II Certificate Em

Act 

Rhode Island Provisional Teacher Certificate Professional Teacher Certificate EmSouth Carolina Statement of Eligibility Professional Certificate Tem

(Critical Needs Program)

South Dakota Two Year Nonrenewable Certificate Five Year Certificate Aut

One Year Certificate

Tennessee Apprentice Teacher License Professional License Inte

 (Inte

 (

Texas Provisional Teacher Certificate Professional Teacher Certificate Tem

Em

Utah Basic Certificate Standard Certificate Prov

Lett

Vermont Level I License Level II LicenseVirginia Provisional License Professional LicenseWashington Initial Teaching Certificate Continuing Certificate Em

Con

West Virginia Provisional Teaching License Professional Teaching License Permanent Professional Certificate Out 

NBPTS Certification Tem

Table E. Summary of Types of Teacher Certification and Licensure by State: 1998, cont’d.

Summary Data Tables • TABLE E

State Initial Certificate Standard Certificate Advanced Certificate 

or License or License or License 
Wisconsin Minor Deficiencies License Regular License 

Wyoming Standard Teaching Certificate 

American Samoa Provisional Teaching Certificate Basic Teaching Certificate Professional Teaching CertificateDepartment of Defense Teacher CertificateEducation ActivityGuam Provisional Teaching Certificate Professional I (conditional) Professional II (conditional) 

Professional I Teaching Certificate Professional II Teaching Certificate

Federated States of Micronesia No information obtainedNorthern Mariana Islands Basic Certificate Intermediate Certificate 

Provisional Certificate (phased out)

Puerto Rico Certificado Provisional Certificado Regular Certificado Vitalicio

(Provisional Certificate) (Regular Certificate) (Lifetime Certificate)

Virgin Islands No information obtained

State Initial Certificate Standard Certificate Advanced Certificate 

or License or License or License 

Table E. Summary of Types of Teacher Certification and Licensure by State: 1998, cont’d.

Summary Data Tables • TABLE E
34

36

How to Read the State Profiles

Profiles • PROFILE GUIDE

This section of the Secretary’s Initial Report presents a profile for each of the states responding to the initial questionnaire. A statsections with information and explanations corresponding to the three required reporting areas in the Secretary’s Initial Report. TEducation Act calls for a state focus in national reports. The state profile was developed as a vehicle for communicating the condnewly qualified teachers within each state. The profile information includes the standards and requirements the state has establishthe first (or initial) certificate or license and also the conditions under which individuals may teach with a waiver, that is, with exand licensure requirements. The profiles also cover assessments, pass rates on state-offered assessments, and waiver data if reporteThe language and descriptions within the profiles have been standardized for ease of reading and consistency. A number of terms across the profiles as follows:A. The Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium(INTASC) is a voluntary group of states that have been working for anumber of years to establish standards for what beginning teachers shouldknow and be able to do and the ways to measure the achievement of thestandards. INTASC is affiliated with the Council of Chief State SchoolOfficers (CCSSO).B. The National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education(NCATE) is a U.S. Department of Education-recognized specializedaccreditation body. NCATE reviews teacher preparation units (whetherthey are called schools or colleges of education) in which students areeligible for Title IV Student Aid (generally within institutions of highereducation). Specialized accreditation is a voluntary review process in whichpeers are trained to visit specialized programs (academic programspreparing students to enter a particular profession) and review the selfstudy program reports assessing program goals. The process of reviewoccurs in relationship to a set of standards reflecting the minimumexpectations for the field that have been approved by the accreditedprograms.C. The Educational Testing Service (ETS) is a commercial test developmentorganization that authored nationally used assessment tests for the teaching

profession. The first generation of these tests was Teachers Exam (NTE). The second generation is Assessments for Beginning Teachers). There are thII, and III). Appendix A contains further descriptPraxis exams are related to the area of teacher comSkills, Professional Knowledge of Teaching, SubjeClassroom Performance. Each state profile indicarequired assessments, whether ETS or National E(NES).D. NES is a commercial test development organiassessments in many of these same skill and knowto use NES exams customize the assessments to mrequirements and standards for newly prepared tethis customization has occurred, the new assessmin which it is being used.E. Performance-based assessment: A performance developed to document the performance of the excontent area. The assessment of the examinee’s perubric or set of categories that link performance tand then to grades or other measures of performa
How to Read the State Profiles, cont’d.

Profiles • PROFILE GUIDE

The six sections on the profiles are as follows:1. A statement about the existence of teacher standards. This information

was derived from data reported by the Council of Chief State SchoolOfficers in Key State Education Policies on K-12 Education: A 50-State Report,December 1998. The reference was used because it was the most consistentwith the time period for which states were reporting on pass rates andrequirements and also because information about standards was not availablefrom every state Web site.2. General certification and licensure requirements: A bulleted list ofcertification and licensure requirements developed from Web sites, orsubmitted information, and confirmed by the certification and licensuredirectors or their designates. These requirements are written in generalstatements. Assessment requirements, an essential component of generalrequirements, are separated from degree, program, and additional courserequirements and reported in section three. Details of course and credit hourrequirements are to be found at the Web sites of each state as cited at the topof each profile.3. A statement about or list of all state-offered assessments, written and/orperformance based, and the total number of assessments offered in each ofthe major assessment areas used by the state, along with the test developer.States differ as to whether every assessment offered is also required. Otherrequirements may be substituted for these assessments.4. A table showing the reported proportion of teaching candidates passingstate-offered assessments, by teacher preparation program. The HigherEducation Act of 1998 requires a detailed breakdown for each programregardless of its administrative location. Some programs are located withinpostsecondary institutions and others are located and administered by schooldistricts themselves.For those states reporting pass rate data by teacher preparation program, atable is presented listing the institution of postsecondary education or localschool district in which the program exists and the pass rate data for eachassessment. If these data were not readily available, there will be no table forthe state profile. If no assessments were taken by students in an assessmentcategory from a particular program, the table cells will be blank. If the state

reported overall pass rates for all institutions programs, these data will appear and will be sinstitutions with teacher preparation programrespondent is also provided in this section of Where pass rates were reported for all programranked as required in the legislation. The legiprograms to omit the pass rate data for any astest takers in a given year were 10 or less. In tcondition is denoted by an asterisk.5. State waiver category description. Waivers 

identifying individuals who are approved to tthe requirements for the certificate or licenselicensed teachers to teach in a different field othey have been certified or licensed. Sometimteach while completing their course and assesalso waiver categories that permit unlicensed certificate or license and without fulfilling anthat reported types of waivers—exceptions to and licensure—there will be a description of by the states themselves.6. Waiver rates. For every state that reported number of teachers with waivers, there will bthe number or percentage of teachers with wadistricts. High and low poverty districts were 20 percent or 6,500 children to identify the dpercentage of school-aged children were livina table highlighting “high waiver areas:” areas teachers with waivers is greater than the overanumber is greater than the median reported nteachers with waivers and the high waiver arestates due to the variation in the types and puA sample profile presented on the following psection by section.
38

How to Read the State Profiles, cont’d.

• Section 1 provides information about

state standards for teachers.

Teacher standards define the expectations that a state has for whata teacher should know and be able to do (or sometimes for thekind of person that a teacher is expected to be). An example ofpart of a standard for teachers follows, taken from the DraftStandards proposed by the Interstate New Teacher Assessment andSupport Consortium (INTASC).

“Principle #1: The teacher understands the centralconcepts, tools of inquiry, and structures of thediscipline(s) he or she teaches and can create learningexperiences that make these aspects of subject mattermeaningful for students.”

The information on standards in the profiles was not collecteddirectly from the states for this initial report. It was compiled fromthe report on Key State Education Policies on K-12 Education: A50-State Report (CCSSO, 1998). If no information was gatheredon standards, this is so indicated. States reviewed the statementon their profile and adjusted, as appropriate.

This is the URL for the Web sitefrom which information on certificatilicensure requirements was obtained

• Section 2 covers

general requirements forcertification and licensure.

Degree concentration and specialrequirements are noted here. Theassessment requirements have beenseparated out and placed in Sectionthree.

• Section 3 covers the state-offered assessments.There are two national testing organizations, the Educational Testing Evaluation Systems (NES) that have developed assessments for newly pPraxis is the name of the ETS assessment program. NES assessments hastate. Some states use NES-developed assessments developed for other sCalifornia Basic Education Skills Test (CBEST) is used in Oregon.

Profiles • PROFILE GUIDE

Each profile has six key sections. If no data are reported, the profile explains whether the data were unavadevelop percentages or comparisons.
Profiles • PROFILE GUIDE 

How to Read the State Profiles, cont’d.

• Section 4 lists the pas

preparation program aor more students, for twhich data were availa“T” or “Took Test” columfewer than 10 test take

The rankings for each test arwhich data are available.The list of institutions for ereporting state authority.

Pass Rates
40

How to Read the State Profiles, cont’d.

Profiles • PROFILE GUIDE

• Section 6 contains tables reporting the numberand percentage of teachers with waivers by highand low-poverty school districts and by highwaiver subject areas.Poverty levels for school districts were defined from a Bureauof Census–Common Core of Data 1995 resource of schooldistrict poverty levels for children aged 5-17 in the 1990 census.Section 6 describes use of waivers in “high-poverty” schooldistricts as those in which the percentage of children in familiesbelow the family income poverty line was 20 percent or above,or in which there were 6,500 or more such children. All otherschool districts were classified as “low-poverty.”

• Section 5 presenstate waiver descstate respondent

The state provided information as to whetherfull- and part-time teachers, and full- and parttime substitute teachers, were included in thewaiver count.

Section 6 also neducational levpercentage or ters with waiveroverall percent

Waivers
General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree from an accredited

postsecondary institution, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements equivalent tocompletion of a teacher preparationprogram at an institution in the UnitedStates.

■ In addition, candidates must undergo a

fingerprint check.

Assessments OfferedAlabama does not require assessments for teachercertification and licensure at this time.

Profiles • ALABAMA

ALABAMA http://www.alsde.edu

Teacher StandardsCurrent teacher standards were approved in January 1997, and modified in 1999. Standards are based on INTASC standardsto all fields and standards specific to the following fields: English Language Arts, Mathematics, Social Sciences, Sciences, ArtElementary Education, Early Childhood, Physical Education, Career/Technical Education, and Special Education.

Proportion of TeachingCandidates Passing StateRequired Assessments, byTeacher Preparation ProgramAlabama does not require assessments at this time,therefore, no program reports are available.
42

ALABAMA, cont’d.

Profiles • ALABAMA

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirAlabama allows a local board of education to employ an individual in cases of emergency when a teacher who holds a valid Alabaavailable. This individual is issued an Emergency Certificate at the bachelor’s degree level that expires at the end of the year for wbe extended or renewed.

Waiver Rates

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with Waivers

These data refer to emergency certificates issued between 7/1/1998 and 3/31/1999. Waiver totals include full-time teachers only.*Other than self-contained classroom teachers.

Basic Skills (8.8%)Career Tech (7.8%)Elementary Education* (5.2%)

Health/Physical Ed./Driver’s Ed. (3.7%)Foreign Languages (12.7%)Mathematics (4.1%)

Music/Art/Theater (4.2%)Other (9.3%)Science (4.2%).

Total # of teachers 26,054 14,319 11,735Total # of teachers with waivers 732 497 235% of teachers with waivers 2.8 3.5 2.0
Profiles • ALASKA 

ALASKA http://www.educ.state.ak.us/teacher

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved in 1994. The standards apply to all fields and are based on INTASC standards.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe Type A Teacher Certificate is grantedwith the fulfillment of the following sets ofconditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a teacher preparationprogram approved as substantiallymeeting NCATE standards; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a teacherpreparation program approved assubstantially meeting NCATE standards;or

■ A post-baccalaureate program in

professional education that is approvedas substantially meeting NCATEstandards.

■ In addition, candidates must undergo a

fingerprint check, complete six semesterhours or nine quarter hours of coursework taken within the 5 yearsimmediately prior to the applicationdate, and complete three semester hoursof approved Alaska studies and threesemester hours of approvedmulticultural education/cross-culturalcommunications.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (6)Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Computer-Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge ExamsNone RequiredSubject Matter and Pedagogy ExamsNone Required

Proportion oCandidates Required AsTeacher PreThe Alaska Depathe requested data the time of the in
44

ALASKA, cont’d.

Profiles • ALASKA

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirAlaska allows a school district to request the issuance of an Emergency Certificate that demonstrates it has been unable to fill a pcertified person. This certificate expires at the end of the year for which it is issued.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 9,563 1,223 8,280Total # of teachers with waivers 5 3 2% of teachers with waivers 0.1 0.3 0.02

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe Alaska Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the time ofthe initial questionnaire.

Waiver totals include full-and part-time teachers, as well as long-term substitutes.
Profiles • ARIZONA 

ARIZONA http://www.ade.state.az

Teacher StandardsNo information.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, with specific credit-hourrequirements for general andprofessional education course work; or

■ A valid teaching certificate from any

other state.

■ In addition, candidates must pass a

state-prescribed assessment of basicskills, professional knowledge, and theappropriate subject-matter forcertification. Candidates are alsorequired to pass a college course or theappropriate examination for knowledgeof both the Arizona Constitution andthe U.S. Constitution.

Assessments Offered:NES Arizona TeacherProficiency Assessment (ATPA)Basic Skills Exams (1)ATPA: Basic SkillsProfessional Knowledge Exams (1)ATPA: Professional KnowledgeSubject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (30)

Arizona TeacherProficiency Assessment(ATPA):ArtBiologyBusinessChemistryElementary EducationEnglishFamily & Consumer

Science

FrenchGeneral ScienceGeographyGermanHealthHistoryLibrary/Educational

Media

MathematicsMusic

PhysicsPolitical Science/

AmericanGovernment

Social StudiesSpanishSpecial Education:Cross Categorical

Specialized

Early ChildhoodEmotional DisabilityLearning DisabilityMental RetardationOrthopedic/Health

Impairment

Speech and Language

Impaired

Hearing ImpairedSeverely and

Profoundly Disabled

Visual Impaired

Proportion oCandidates Required AsTeacher PrePassing scores for thset by the Arizona DState WaiveExceptions fCertification RequiremenArizona allows schsubstitutes or ememust have graduatnot need a bacheloemergency certificdegree. The certifimatter area for the that applicants to certificates will takrequired course worequirements for a Waiver RatesThe Arizona Deparequested data were of the initial questi
46 Profiles • ARKANSAS

ARKANSAS http://arkedu.sta

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards are being developed.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, with specific credit-hourrequirements for general andprofessional education course work; or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis; or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which Arkansas has a reciprocityagreement.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (3)Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge Exams (4)Core Battery: Professional Knowledge (prior to 7/

1/99)

Principles of Learning & Teaching, grades K-6,5-9, or 7-12 (as of 7/1/99)Subject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (44) (as of 7/1/99)

TESTS TAKEN

PRIOR TO JULY 1,1999

Art EducationEnglish Language &

Literature

FrenchMathematicsMusic EducationSocial StudiesSpanishSpecial Education:

InstructionalSpecialist (4-8 and 7-12)

Teaching Students with

Visual Impairments

TESTS TAKEN AS

OF JULY 1, 1999

AgricultureArt: Content

Knowledge, Content,Traditions, Criticism& Aesthetics, andArt Making

Education of Deaf and

Hard of HearingStudents

English Language,

Literature, &Composition:Content Knowledge,

Essays, and Pedagogy

French: Content

Knowledge andProductive LanguageSkills

Mathematics: Content

Knowledge, Proofs,Models, & ProblemsPart 1, and Pedagogy

Music: Content

Knowledge, Analysisand Concepts &Processes

Social Studies: Conten

Knowledge andAnalytical Essays

Spanish: Content

Knowledge,Productive LanguageSkills, and Pedagogy

Special Education:

Knowledge-BasedCore Principles and

■ In addition, candidates must undergo a

fingerprint check or police record examination.
ARKANSAS, cont’d.

Profiles • ARKANSAS

Proportion of TeachingCandidates PassingState-Required Assessments, byTeacher Preparation ProgramThe Arkansas Department of Education reported therequested data were not readily available at the timeof the initial questionnaire.State Waiver Categories:Exceptions fromRegular Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe Arkansas Department of Education reported therequested data were not readily available at the timeof the initial questionnaire.
48 Profiles • CALIFORNIA

CALIFORNIA http://www.ctc.ca.gov/credent

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved at various dates depending on the field. Standards exist for these specific fields: Agriculture, ArScience, Home Economics, Industrial and Technology Education, Language Other Than English, Mathematics, Music, Physical Biological Sciences, Science: Chemistry, Science: Geosciences, Science: Physics, Social Science, and Multiple Subjects.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe Preliminary Credential Certification isvalid for a maximum period of 5 years. Therequirements to obtain the preliminarycredential currently include the followingelements:■ A bachelor’s degree or higher, except in

professional education, from aregionally accredited postsecondaryinstitution;

■ Completion of a state-approved teacher

preparation program, including studentteaching;

■ Passing a state-prescribed assessment of

basic skills in reading, writing, andmathematics: California BasicEducation Skills Test (CBEST);

■ Character and Identification Clearance

from the California Department ofJustice and the Federal Bureau ofInvestigation (through submission offingerprint cards);

■ A course examination in the provisions

and principles of the United StatesConstitution;

■ Developing English Language Skills,

including Reading requirement, bysuccessful completion of acomprehensive reading instruction

Assessments Offered:ETS Praxis, and NES CBEST,MSAT, SSAT, and RICABasic Skills Exams (3)California Basic Educational Skills Test (CBEST):

Reading, Writing, and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge Exams (1)Reading Instruction Competence Assessment

(RICA)

Subject Matter and

Pedagogy Exam

Elementary EducationMultiple Subject Asses

(MSAT): Content KExercises (ETS Praxi

Secondary Education (Art: Content, Tradition

and Art Making

Biology: Content EssayChemistry: Content EEnglish Language, Lite

Essays

French: Productive Lan

Linguistic, Literacy & 

General Science: ContIntroduction to the TeMathematics: Proofs, M

1 & 2

Music: Analysis and CPhysical Education: M

Design and Video Ev

Physics: Content EssaySocial Studies: Analyti

Interpretation of Ma

Spanish: Linguistic, Li

and Productive Lang

course that includes the systematic study ofphonemic awareness, phonics, and decoding;literature, language and comprehension; anddiagnostic and early intervention techniques;

■ Passing the Reading Instruction Competence

Assessment for Multiple Subject TeachingCredential only; and

■ Demonstrating subject-matter competency by

either: (1) achieving a passing score on theappropriate subject matter examination(s) forthe type and subject areas requested OR (2)completing an appropriate Commissionaccredited subject-matter program for the typeand subject areas requested.
CALIFORNIA, cont’d.

Profiles • CALIFORNIA

SUBJECT MATTER KNOWLEDGE, CONT’D...Secondary Subject Assessment for Teachers(NES SSAT)AgricultureArtBiologyBusiness EducationChemistryFrenchLiterature and English Language

General ScienceGeoscienceGermanHealth ScienceHome EconomicsIndustrial and Technology EducationJapaneseKoreanMandarinMathematics

MusicPhysical EducationPhysicsPunjabiRussianSocial ScienceSpanishVietnamese

Proportion of Teaching Candidates PassingState-Required Assessments, by TeacherPreparation ProgramThe California Commission on Teacher Credentialing reported the requesteddata were not readily available at the time of the initial questionnaire.

State Waiver Categories: ExceCertification and Licensure ReCalifornia allows school districts to hire indivyet completed the state licensure process. The bachelor’s degree, passage of the basic skills teintent to complete the credential requiremencredential waiver may waive any requirement by the California Commission.Waiver RatesThe California Commission on Teacher Credendata were not readily available at the time of th
50 Profiles • COLORADO

COLORADO http://www.cde.state.co.u

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved in 1994. The standards apply to all fields.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe Provisional Teacher License is grantedwith the fulfillment of the following sets ofconditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which Colorado has a reciprocityagreement.

■ In addition, candidates must undergo a

fingerprint check or police recordexamination and demonstrate oralEnglish proficiency.

Assessments Offered:NES Provisional LicenseAssessment for ColoradoEducators (PLACE)Basic Skills Exams (2)Basic SkillsLiberal Arts and SciencesProfessional Knowledge Exams (4)Professional Knowledge in Early Childhood,

Elementary, Middle School, or Secondary*

* Applicants for K-12 teaching licenses and special education licensesmay take either the elementary or secondary subject matter test depending on the level of emphasis of their preparation program.Subject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (35)

Content Area AssessmentsAgricultureArtBilingualBusiness EducationDistributive EducationDramaEarly Childhood EducationElementary EducationEnglishEnglish as a Second LanguageFrenchGermanHealth 

Home EconomicsIndustrial ArtsItalianJapaneseMathematicsModerate NeedsMusicProfound NeedsPhysical EducationReading SpecialistReading TeacherRussianScienceSevere Needs: Affectiv

Communication, H

SpanishSpecial Education: EaSpeechSocial Studies
51

Profiles • COLORADO

hing Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Preparation Program

do reported overall pass rate data.

MORE ON COLORADO ...

All Institutions

Spanish 117 75German 16 81Italian *Latin *Russian *Japanese *Bilingual 77 84English as a Second Language 144 79Reading Teacher 39 77Speech 17 65Moderate Needs 339 97Severe Needs: Cognitive 42 91Severe Needs: Affective 86 97Severe Needs: Vision *Severe Needs: Hearing 16 100

6206 96

4987 95

DGE

2404 95

1863 97

188 83

GOGY

2167 100

110 91

273 84

361 95

479 89

442 89

27 67

Severe Needs: Communication *Profound Needs 17 100Early Childhood Special Ed 36 97Art 122 89Music 148 86Drama 17 94Health 17 94Physical Education 212 94Business Education 55 55Distributive Education 14 100Home Economics 13 77Industrial Arts 17 94Agriculture 10 80Reading Specialist *

than 10 test

.

e Assessment for

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent Passing

All Institutions

All Institutions

T % T % T %

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent Passing
52

COLORADO, cont’d.

Profiles • COLORADO

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirColorado issues a waiver upon request of a local school district when no fully qualified teacher is available for the position. The wEmergency Authorization and is renewable for additional 1-year terms.

Waiver Rates

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe Colorado Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the time ofthe initial questionnaire.

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers. Numbers of teachers are full-time equivalents (FTEs).

Total # of teachers 37,841 7,632 30,209Total # of teachers with waivers 659 302 357% of teachers with waivers 1.7 4.0 1.2
Profiles • CONNECTICUT 

CONNECTICUT http://www.state.c

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards are anticipated to be in effect on July 1, 2003. They will apply to specific fields as follows: English/LanguaStudies, Science, Arts, Foreign Language, Elementary Education, and Middle Grades Education. Connecticut standards will standards.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe Initial Educator Certificate is grantedwith the fulfillment of the following sets ofconditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis; or

■ A post-baccalaureate program and

completion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (3)Computer-Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge Exams (1)Principles of Learning and Teaching (PLT):

Grades 5-9

Subject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (37)

Art: Content

Knowledge, ArtMaking, andContent, Traditions,Criticism &Aesthetics

Biology: Content

Knowledge for CT

Chemistry: Content

Knowledge for CTand Content Essays

Earth Science: Content

Knowledge

Elementary Education:

Curriculum,Instruction &Assessment andContent AreaExercises

English Language,

Literature &Composition:Content Knowledgeand Essays

French: Content

Knowledge andProductive LanguageSkills

General Science:

Content Knowledgefor CT and ContentEssays

German: Content

Knowledge

Health EducationHome Economics

Education

Italian

LatinMathematics: Con

Knowledge

Middle School: En

Language Arts,Mathematics,Science, and SocStudies

Music: Content

Knowledge andConcepts &Processes

Physical Education

Content Knowleand MovementForms–Analysis/Design

Performance A The Beginning Ed

(BEST) ProgramInstrument (CCrequirements
Profiles • CONNECTICUT

g Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Preparation Program

itutions with programs)

MORE ON CONNECTICUT ...

Central CT

State University

Connecticut

College

Eastern CT

State University

Fairfield

University

Qinnipiac

College

Sacred Heart

University

Southern CT

State University

St. Joseph

College

University of

Bridgeport

University of

Connecticut

T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%R

290 88 11 12 92 3 153 89 9 38 95 1 31 90 7 120 91 5 422 84 12 81 90 7 77 78 13 248 92 3

282 93 7 12 83 13 143 93 7 38 100 1 33 97 4 121 92 9 415 90 11 79 95 6 77 86 12 235 98 3

301 82 4 12 67 13 151 72 11 41 80 5 36 78 7 139 73 10 449 77 8 91 75 9 90 70 12 244 90 1

22 82 9 * * * 37 89 5 27 85 7 22 100 1 17 100 1 39 87 6 23 100 1

19 95 1 * * 21 95 1 *

16 94 1 * 23 96 1 * *

th. 19 95 2 * * 25 88 2 *

12 92 1 * * * * * 22 77 3 * 12 67 4 14 93 1

10 80 2 * * *

* * * * * * 12 92 1

* * * * * * *

* * * ****

s. 133 96 2 27 96 2 87 91 8 10 100 1 * 132 83 11 156 90 9 91 96 2 126 79 12 66 95 5

rcises 134 87 2 26 85 4 83 81 6 * 127 75 8 155 77 7 85 87 2 129 68 11 63 94 1

nowl. 20 90 1 * * 23 48 8 14 86 2 14 71 4 33 79 3 * 15 67 6 28 68 5
Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation P

CONNECTICUT, cont’d.

Profiles • CONNECTICUT

Central CT

State University

Connecticut

College

Eastern CT

State University

Fairfield

University

Qinnipiac

College

Sacred Heart

University

Southern CT

State University

S

J

h

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = RankCT = Connecticut T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T

Engl. Lang., Lit., and Comp.: Essays 24 75 3 * * 25 56 8 15 60 7 13 62 6 32 75 3 * French: Content Knowledge * * French: Productive Language Skills * * General Science: Content Knowledge for CT 11 100 1 * * * * * 13 92 2 * General Science: Content Essays 10 50 2 * * * * * 11 45 3 * German: Content Knowledge * Health Education 19 89 1 32 59 2 * Home Economics Education * Italian * * * * Latin Mathematics: Content Knowledge 15 60 2 * * 13 46 3 * * 14 43 4 * Middle School English Language ArtsMiddle School ScienceMiddle School Social StudiesMiddle School MathematicsMusic: Concepts and Processes 15 87 2 * Music: Content Knowledge 14 86 3 * Physical Education: Content Knowledge 29 83 1 27 74 2 50 74 2 Phys. Ed.: Movement Forms–Analysis/Design 29 90 2 23 96 1 45 80 3 Physics: Content Knowledge ** Physics: Content Essays ** Social Studies: Content Knowledge 35 74 4 * 10 40 8 * 11 64 5 12 83 1 41 80 2 * 
56

CONNECTICUT, cont’d.

Profiles • CONNECTICUT

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

Central CT

State University

Connecticut

College

Eastern CT

State University

Fairfield

University

Qinnipiac

College

Sacred Heart

University

Southern CT

State University

St. Joseph

College

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank

Spanish: Content Knowledge 10 70 3 * * * * * 18 83 1 * Spanish: Productive Language Skills 10 60 3 * * * * * 22 64 2 * Special Ed.: Knowledge-Based Core Principles 38 92 3 * 11 100 1 * 129 87 5 37 89 Special Ed.: Application of CorePrinciples Across Categories of Disabilities 43 88 2 * 13 69 6 * 146 75 4 43 86 Technology Education 13 92 1 *

University of

Hartford

University of

New Haven

Western CT

State University

Yale University

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = RankCBT = Computer-Based TestingPLT = Principles of Learning and Teaching T%RT%RT%RT%R

BASIC SKILLSCBT: ReadingCBT: WritingCBT: MathematicsPROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEPLT: Grades 5-9SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGY EXAMSAgricultureArt MakingArt: Content KnowledgeArt: Content, Traditions, Criticism and Aesth.

102 91 5 136 94 2 88 89 9 *

96 91 10 136 96 5 83 99 2 *

116 80 5 148 84 3 89 85 2 *

* 18 83 8 ** ** ** *
CONNECTICUT, cont’d.

Profiles • CONNECTICUT

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

University of

Hartford

University of

New Haven

Western CT

State University

Yale University* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent Passing R = Rank

CT = Connecticut T%RT%RT%RT%R

Biology: Content Knowledge for CTBusiness EducationChemistry: Content Knowledge for CTChemistry: Content EssaysEarth/Space Science: Content KnowledgeElem. Ed.: Curric., Instruction, and Assess.Elementary Education: Content Area ExercisesEngl. Lang., Lit., and Comp.: Content Knowl.Engl. Lang., Lit., and Comp.: EssaysFrench: Content KnowledgeFrench: Productive Language SkillsGeneral Science: Content Knowledge for CTGeneral Science: Content EssaysGerman: Content KnowledgeHealth EducationHome Economics EducationItalianLatinMathematics: Content KnowledgeMiddle School English Language ArtsMiddle School ScienceMiddle School Social Studies

University of

Hartford

University of

New Haven

Western CT

State University

Yale University

***** 11 73 2* *** *

* *

62 92 7 99 90 9 61 93 660 72 9 96 72 9 61 82 5

* 10 50 7 * *

11 82 1 * * *

* ** *** *** *

*

*

****
58

CONNECTICUT, cont’d.

Profiles • CONNECTICUT

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation ProReporting period covered: 10/1/97 - 9/30/98

University of

Hartford

University of

New Haven

Western CT

State University

Yale University * = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent Passing

R = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%R

University of

Hartford

University of

New Haven

Western CT

State University

Yale University

Middle School MathematicsMusic: Concepts and ProcessesMusic: Content KnowledgePhysical Education: Content KnowledgePhys. Ed.: Movement Forms, Analysis, DesignPhysics: Content KnowledgePhysics: Content EssaysSocial Studies: Content KnowledgeSpanish: Content KnowledgeSpanish: Productive Language SkillsSpecial Ed.: Knowledge-Based Core PrinciplesSpecial Ed.: Application of CorePrinciples Across Categories of DisabilitiesTechnology Education

24 83 3 12 67 4 *21 95 2 12 75 4 *

* *

*

**

* ********

37 84 641 71 5
State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure ReqConnecticut issues a Durational Shortage Area Permit to a school district based on a demonstrated shortage of certified persoenrolled in a planned program leading to certification, have passed the Praxis I Computer-Based Tests, and have accumulated hours of credit in the requested endorsement area. A bilingual deferral is also issued to a district under the same conditions. Tduring which prescribed courses in bilingual methodology and special education must be completed. The candidate must havbachelor’s degree, passed the Praxis I Computer-Based Test, and be bilingual.

CONNECTICUT, cont’d.

Profiles • CONNECTICUT

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 47,096 8,397 36,511Total # of teachers with waivers 106 41 37% of teachers with waivers 0.2 0.5 0.1

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Distri

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with Waivers

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers.

Bilingual (10.3%)Earth Science (0.5%)French (0.3%)

Home Economics (0.4%)Reading Consultant (0.3%)Spanish (2.1%)

Technology Education (0.9%)
60 Profiles • DELAWARE

DELAWARE http://www.doe.state.de.us/certifi

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved in January 1998. The standards apply to all fields.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsFor regular certification, state teacherlicensure and certification requirementscurrently include the following elements:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, with specific credit-hourrequirements for general andprofessional education course work; or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis; or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program.

■ In addition, candidates must undergo a

fingerprint check or police recordexamination.

Assessments Offered:ETS Praxis, GRE, and SATBasic Skills Exams (11)Core Battery: Communication SkillsPre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Computer-Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

Graduate Record Examinations (GRE): Verbal

and Quantitative

Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT): Verbal and

Quantitative

Professional Knowledge ExamsNone RequiredSubject Matter and Pedagogy ExamsNone Required
61

ding * * * 69 46 3 155 90 1 14 21 4 99 77 2

ing * * * 65 37 3 175 94 1 11 36 4 116 77 2

hematics * * * 82 37 3 157 76 1 * 130 55 2

ng * * 93 71 4 82 98 1 35 89 2 75 85 3

ng * * 89 75 4 107 94 1 35 86 2 89 80 3

ematics * * 104 52 4 103 83 1 37 62 3 103 63 2

Profiles • DELAWARE

hing Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Preparation Program

stitutions with programs)

Delaware

Technical &

Community

College

Delaware Tech.

& Community

CollegeGeorgetown

Delaware

Technical &

Comm. CollegeWilmington

Delaware State

University

University of

Delaware

Wesley College

Wilmington

College,

Delaware

k indicates less than 10 test

essment offered.

t

Passing

puter-Based Test

rofessional Skills Test T%R T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%R

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 7,525 130 7,384Total # of teachers with waivers 149 4 145% of teachers with waivers 2.0 3.1 2.0

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers.

gories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure Requirements

eet the Standard or the Limited Standard License requirements for a specific license and is hired after August 15 of the school

may issue them a Temporary License. This is a 1-year, nonrenewable license.

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe Delaware Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the time of

he initial questionnaire.
62

State Waiver CExceptions froCertification aRequirementsThe District of Columbreported the requested davailable at the time of 

Profiles • DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Teacher StandardsNo information.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education or a

subject area from an accreditedpostsecondary institution, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, with specific credit-hourrequirements for general andprofessional education course work; or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a Bachelor’s degree, or andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis; or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which the District of Columbia hasa reciprocity agreement; or

■ Demonstration of the acquisition of

college level learning through skills,knowledge, and competencies that areacquired from life experiences, asdetermined by portfolio analysis.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (6)Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Computer-Based Testing (CBT): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge ExamsNone RequiredSubject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (24)

Biology: Content Knowledge, Parts 1 & 2, and

Pedagogy

Early Childhood EducationElementary Education: Curriculum, Instruction

& Assessment and Content Area Exercises

English Language, Literature, and Composition:

Content Knowledge and Pedagogy

French: Content Knowledge and Productive

Language Skills

General Science: Content Knowledge, Parts 1

& 2

Mathematics: Content Knowledge, Proofs,

Models & Problems,Part 1, and Pedagogy

Physical Science: Content Knowledge and

Pedagogy

Special EducationSocial Studies: Content Knowledge and PedagogySpanish: Content Knowledge, Productive

Language Skills, and Pedagogy

Teaching English as a Second Language

Proportion of TCandidates PaRequired AsseTeacher PreparThe District of Columbreported the requested davailable at the time of 
Profiles • FLORIDA 

FLORIDA h

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, with specific credit-hourrequirements for general andprofessional education course work; or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program.

■ In addition, candidates must obtain a

2.5 grade point average on a 4.0 scale ineach subject to be shown on acertificate; hold a valid Statement ofEligibility which reflects no deficienciesin specialization requirements; undergoa fingerprint check from the FBI andthe Florida Department of LawEnforcement; obtain employment in aFlorida public, state-supported, or

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were revised in 1981, 1988, and 1997. The standards apply to all fields.

nonpublic school which has an approvedProfessional Education CompetenciesDemonstration System; satisfy the recency ofcollege credit or teaching experience requirement;and demonstrate professional educationcompetencies by graduating from a Florida stateapproved teacher training program or by districtverification of demonstration during the first yearof employment.

Assessments Offered:ETS Praxis and College LevelAcademic Skills Test (CLAST)Basic Skills Exams (14)CLAST: Reading, Writing, and MathematicsCLAST Computer-Based Academic Skills

Assessment: Reading, Writing, andMathematics

Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Computer-Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

Core Battery: General Knowledge and

Communication Skills

Professional Knowledge Exams (2)Florida Professional Education TestCore Battery: Professional Knowledge

FloridaDeveloped ExamsElementary Educa

1-6

Prekindergarten/

Primary PK-3

Primary Education Physical Education 

8

Middle Grades En

and Mathematic

Mathematics 6-12Social Science 6-1Emotionally

Handicapped

Mentally HandicaSpecific Learning

Disabilities K-12

Varying

Exceptionalities 12

ETS Praxis ExamsAgriculture 6-12Business Educatio

12

Chemistry 6-12Drama 6-12ESOLEarly Childhood

Education

Economics 6-12

Subject Matter 

Pedagogy Ex
Profiles • FLORIDA

MORE ON FLORIDA ...

Physical Education K-8 231 91Physical Education 6-12 318 67Physically Impaired 10 90Political Science 6-12 40 83Reading 159 96Specific Learning Disabilities 632 71Speech-Language Impaired 160 85Varying Exceptionalities 788 91Art 237 89

All Institutions * = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test

% = Percent Passing T %

ng Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Preparation Program

rted overall pass rate data.

Y

347 83

46 70

42 81

359 92

*

139 87

31 100

282 95

All Institutions 

T %

All Institutions * = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test

% = Percent Passing T %

Elementary Education 1-6 4582 81English 6-12 700 85Hearing Impaired 50 84Mathematics 6-12 389 58Music 343 92Primary Education K-3 464 85Social Science 6-12 507 77Chemistry 6-12 121 66Drama 6-12 37 100

NTS, CONT’D...

tion (PK-3)

Social Studies: Content KnowledgeSociology 6-12SpanishSpecial EducationSpeech

Teaching Students with Emotional DisturbanceTeaching Students with Specific Learning

Disabilities

Visually Impaired K-12
All Institutions * = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test

% = Percent Passing

Economics 6-12 12 75French 64 89German 13 92Health 101 84Latin 11 73Middle Grades English 358 90Middle Grades General Science 407 61Middle Grades Mathematics 445 61Middle Grades Social Science 387 80

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

All Institutions * = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test

% = Percent Passing

* = An asterisk indicates less takers per assessment offereT = Took Test% = Percent Passing

Physics 6-12 53 62Spanish 298 63Speech 21 81Humanities *Psychology 6-12 143 80Sociology 6-12 49 51Visually Impaired 19 95Business Education 6-12 256 72Home Economics 6-12 53 96

Occupational Specialist ESOL Prekindergarten/Primary Preschool Education B-4 Agriculture 6-12 Industrial Arts/TechnologMarketing 6-12 

Profiles • FLORIDA

FLORIDA, cont’d.

T% T% 
66

FLORIDA, cont’d.

Profiles • FLORIDA

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 65,001 * *Total # of teachers with waivers 732 * *% of teachers with waivers 1.1 NA NA

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with Waivers

Waiver totals include full-time teachers in junior/middle or high schools.* Data not reported.NA = Not Applicable

Art (34.0%)English as a Second or Other Lang. (31.0%)

Music (15.6%)Technology Education (17.7%)

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirThe state of Florida has no waiver of educator certification. School districts are permitted to place a teacher in an out-of-field asstakes six semester hours of college credit toward the addition of the out-of-field coverage to the existing certificate. This requiremthere is such an assignment.

Trades/Industrial (32.5%)
Profiles • GEORGIA 

GEORGIA 

Teacher StandardsNo information.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program.; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which Georgia has a reciprocityagreement.

■ In addition, candidates must complete

course work in the identification andeducation of children with specialeducation needs, meet a recency ofstudy or experience requirement, andcomply with the ethical standards of theprofession for initial and continuedcertification. Course work in theteaching of reading is also required forthe fields of Elementary Education,

Early Childhood Education, Middle Grades,Mental Retardation, Learning Disabilities,Behavior Disorders, Interrelated Special Education,Interrelated Special Education/Early Childhood,and English.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (6)Computer-Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge Exams (1)Principles of Learning and Teaching (PLT):

Grades 5-9

Subject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (44)

AgricultureArt: Content Knowledge and Art MakingBiology: Content Essays and Content KnowledgeBusiness EducationChemistry: Content Knowledge and Content

Essays

Education of Deaf and Hard of Hearing StudentsElementary Education: Curriculum, Instruction

& Assessment (K-5) and Content Area Exercises

English Language, Literature and Composition:

Content Knowledge and Essays

French: Content Knowledge and Productive

Language Skills

General Science: C

Knowledge

German: Content 

Language Skills

Health and Physic

Knowledge

Health EducationHome Economics LatinMarketing EducatMathematics: Con

Models & Probl

Middle School: CMusic: Concepts & 

Knowledge

Physical Education

Design

Physical Science: C

Knowledge

Reading SpecialistSocial Studies: Co

Interpretation o

Spanish: Content 

Language Skills

Special Education

Across CategorieBased Core PrinBehavioral DisoTeaching Studenand Teaching St

Speech CommuniTechnology Educa
68

GEORGIA, cont’d.

Profiles • GEORGIA

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Pre100% of candidates presented for certification from Georgia preparation programs must pass the appropriate assessments.State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirA description of waiver categories was not provided.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 86,303 61,275 25,028Total # of teachers with waivers 3,290 2,428 862% of teachers with waivers 3.8 4.0 3.4

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with Waivers

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers.

Secondary Education (5.8%)African and Semiotic Languages (16.7%)Communication Technologies (7%)Dance (6%)Dramatic Arts (5%)

Education (5%)Germanic, Slavic & Classical Languages (5%)Gifted (4%)Grades P-12 (8%)Life Sciences (5%)

Mechanical Occupations (4%)Middle Grades (5%)Personal Services Occupations (8%)Precision Production Occupations (5%)Romance Languages (5%)
Profiles • HAWAII 

HAWAII 

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were in development as of 1998. The standards will apply to all fields and will be based on the INTASC st

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program.

■ In addition, candidates must undergo a

fingerprint check or police recordexamination and successfully complete astructured interview with an authorizedprofessional staff interviewer.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (6)Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Computer-Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge Exams (3)Principles of Learning & Teaching (PLT): Grades

K-6, 5-9, or 7-12

Subject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (33)

Art: Content, Traditions, Criticism & Aesthetics

and Content Knowledge

Business EducationElementary Education: Curriculum, Instruction

& Assessment and Content Area Exercises

English Language, Literature & Composition:

Content Knowledge and Pedagogy

French: Content Knowledge and Productive

Language Skills

GermanHome Economics EducationMathematics: Content Knowledge and PedagogyMusic: Concepts & Processes and Content

Knowledge

Physical Education: Content Knowledge and

Movement Forms–Analysis/Design

Biology: Content Knowledge, Part 1 and

Pedagogy

Chemistry: ConteGeneral Science: CPhysical Science: C

Pedagogy

Physics: Content KSocial Studies: CoSpanish: Content Special Education

Principles and AAcross Areas of 

Teaching English Technology Educa
PPST: Reading 122 69 4 64 98 1 382 73 2 27 52 5 30 70 3PPST: Writing 121 91 2 64 100 1 352 86 3 24 71 5 30 78 4PPST: Mathematics 123 69 2 64 94 1 415 67 3 33 52 4 30 50 5CBT: Reading 18 100 1 17 60 3 31 96 2CBT: Writing 12 100 1 236 92 3 19 68 4 31 96 2CBT: Mathematics 27 74 2 31 61 3 31 86 1PLT: K-6 22 86 1 153 84 2 15 40 3PLT: 5-9PLT: 7-12 17 88 2 153 97 1 20 80 4 31 86 3Art: Content, Traditions, Critisicm and Aesth.Art: Content KnowledgeBiology: Content Knowledge * * 17 88 1Biology: Pedagogy * * 12 100 1Business EducationChemistry: Content Knowledge * *Chemistry: Pedagogy *General Science: Content Knowledge 12 75 1Elem. Ed.: Curr., Instruction and Assessment 13 92 2 151 93 1 14 43 3Elem. Ed.: Content Area Exercises 12 92 2 135 93 1 15 47 3Engl. Lang., Lit., and Comp.: Content Knowl. 14 57 2 25 72 1 31 50 3

Profiles • HAWAII

ng Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Preparation Program

tutions with programs) Some data from 12/96 onward; some data up to 3/99

MORE ON HAWAII ...

Brigham Young

University

Hawaii Campus

Chaminade

University of

Honolulu

University of

Hawaii at

Manoa

University of

Hawaii at Hilo

University of

Phoenix Hawaii

Campus

An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers

r assessment offered.

= Took Test

= Percent Passing

= Rank

ST = Pre-Professional Skills Test

BT = Computer-Based Test

T = Principles of Learning and Teaching T%RT%RT%RT%RT%R
Engl. Lang., Lit., and Comp.: Pedagogy 14 50 3 33 76 1 11 73 2 50 3French: Content KnowledgeFrench: Productive Language SkillsGermanHome Economics EducationLatinMathematics: Content Knowledge * * 23 65 1 40 2Mathematics: Pedagogy * * 25 92 1 40 2Music: Concepts and ProcessesMusic: Content KnowledgePhysical Education: Content Knowledge *Phys. Ed.: Movement Forms–Analysis/Design * 10 100 1Physical Science: Content Knowledge * 100 1Physical Science: Pedagogy * * 12 100 1 100 1Social Studies: Content Knowledge * 29 58 3 45 73 2 100 1Social Studies: Pedagogy * 29 80 3 29 86 2 100 1Spanish: Content Knowledge *Spanish: Productive Language Skills *Special Education: Application of CorePrinciples Across Categories of DisabilitySpecial Education: Knowledge-BasedCore Principles * 62 100 1

Brigham Young

University

Hawaii campus

Chaminade

University of

Honolulu

University of

Hawaii at

Manoa

University of

Hawaii at Hilo

University of

Phoenix Hawaii

Campus

* An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takersper assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%RT%RT%RT%R

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

HAWAII, cont’d.

Profiles • HAWAII
72

HAWAII, cont’d.

Profiles • HAWAII

Brigham Young

University

Hawaii campus

Chaminade

University of

Honolulu

University of

Hawaii at

Manoa

University of

Hawaii at Hilo

University of

Phoenix Hawaii

Campus

* An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takersper assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%R T%R T%R T%R

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

Special Education: Teaching Students withBehavioral Disorders/Emotional Disturbances * 57 100 1Teaching English as a Second LanguageTechnology Education

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirA description of waiver categories was not provided.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 11,223 5,498 5,634Total # of teachers with waivers 841 367 474% of teachers with waivers 7.5 6.7 8.4

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe Hawaii Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the time ofthe initial questionnaire.

Waiver totals include full- and part-time contracted teachers.
Proportion oCandidates Required AsTeacher PreIdaho does not requtherefore no progra

Profiles • IDAHO

http://www.sde.state.id.us/c

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were pending as of 1998. They will apply to all fields.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, with specific credit-hourrequirements for general andprofessional education course work; or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which Idaho has a reciprocityagreement.

■ In addition, candidates must undergo a

criminal history check and must meet arecent credit requirement; an initial orreinstated Idaho credential can be heldonly if applicants have completed six

Assessments OfferedAt this time, Idaho does not require an assessmentfor certification or licensure.

IDAHO

semester credit hours (or nine quarter hours) froman accredited college/university in the last 5calendar years. Official transcripts verifying thecredit must be provided with the application.Course work may be in any area and at any levelexcept remedial courses.
74

IDAHO, cont’d.

Profiles • IDAHO

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirThe state of Idaho offers school districts and individuals approval options for filling professional teacher positions. A Letter of Auallows school districts to request emergency approval for an individual when a professional position cannot be filled with a certifirenewed annually with the satisfaction of credit hour requirements. A Consultant Specialist Letter of Approval is an emergency pto use a noncertified individual to work in a particular educational area. It is valid for 1 year and is not be used as a way of acquiendorsements nor in lieu of the misassignment process. A Misassignment Letter of Approval allows a certified teacher to teach in not possess a proper endorsement. The Alternate Route Program Letter of Permission allows an individual with a strong subject mnot completed a teacher preparation program to become a certified secondary teacher without following standard program requirTransitional Letter of Permission is a 1-year letter of permission that allows a teacher with a Standard Secondary certificate to tea(or vice versa) without additional student teaching, however all other requirements must be met.

Waiver Rates

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with Waivers

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers, as well as long-term substitutes.

Secondary (5.9%)

Total # of teachers 13,395 755 12,641Total # of teachers with waivers 396 37 359% of teachers with waivers 3.0 4.9 2.8
Profiles • ILLINOIS 

ILLINOIS http://www

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were being developed in 1998. There will be core standards and standards for specific fields. The standards standards.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis; or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program.

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which Illinois has a reciprocityagreement.

Assessments Offered:NES Illinois CertificationTesting System (ICTS)Basic Skills Exams (1)Basic Skills TestProfessional Knowledge Exams (3)Early ChildhoodElementaryK-12Subject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (41)

AgricultureArtBiological ScienceBusiness/Marketing/

Management

ChemistryComputer ScienceDanceEarly ChildhoodEducable Mentally

Handicapped

Elementary EducationEnglishEnglish as a Second

Language

Family and Consumer

Sciences

FrenchGeneral ScienceGermanHealthHealth OccupationsHebrewHistoryIndustrial Technology

Education

ItalianLatinRussianMathematicsMusicPhysics

Physical EducationPhysical ScienceSocial ScienceSpanishSpeechTheatre ArtsTrainable Mentally

Handicapped

Learning DisabilitSocial and Emotio
Profiles • ILLINOIS

ng Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Preparation Program

itutions with programs)

program and aggregated across all programs.

MORE ON ILLINOIS ...

952 89

5743 92

521 87

221 92

1319 84

921 96

50 94

291 96

17 94

64 97

164 81

47 77

624 83

487 83

910 95

253 92

All Institutions 

0 test 

T %

All Institutions

T %

All Institutions

T %

French 61 84German 15 80Hebrew *Italian *Latin *Russian *Dance *Speech 43 91Biological Science 371 85Mathematics 484 86Chemistry 79 85Computer Science *General Science 68 79Physical Science 22 77Physics 41 90Health 88 95

Health Occupations *Family and Consumer Sciences 47 98Industrial Technology Education 56 77Agriculture 39 92Business/Marketing/Management 139 96Art 222 89Music 371 83Physical Education 431 95Art (6-12) 80 71Music (6-12) 35 80Physical Education (6-12) 423 96Theatre Arts 23 87Basic Skills 15940 92

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent Passing

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent Passing
ILLINOIS, cont’d.

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation P

Augustana

College

Aurora

University

Barat

College

Blackburn

College

Bradley

University

Chicago State

University

College of St.

Francis

C

l

bi

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T

Profiles • ILLINOIS

Basic Skills 51 100 1 125 95 32 46 91 44 14 93 39 165 98 11 274 88 47 111 95 32 51 Across ALL subject matter tests 55 98 3 242 95 17 30 80 49 22 82 46 216 94 19 509 76 51 79 92 39 45 

Eastern Illinois

University

Elmhurst

College

Eureka

College

Governors State

University

Greenville

College

Hebrew

Theological

College

Benedictine

University

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T

Judson

College

Kendall

College

Knox

College

Lake Forest

College

Lewis

University

Loyola Univ.

of Chicago

MacMurray

College

M

K

d

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T

Basic Skills 651 97 18 164 93 39 37 95 32 290 90 45 57 93 39 61 98 11 37 Across ALL subject matter tests 1009 93 29 249 89 43 39 97 5 544 90 41 63 92 31 * 124 94 19 64 Basic Skills 38 97 18 * 28 100 1 24 100 1 52 100 1 274 96 27 29 93 39 67 Across ALL subject matter tests 32 97 5 * 35 100 1 26 96 12 171 91 36 423 94 19 64 98 3 75 
78

ILLINOIS, cont’d.

Profiles • ILLINOIS

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

National-Louis

University

North Central

College

Northeastern

Illinois University

Northern Illinois

University

North Park

College

Northwestern

University

Olivet Nazarene

University

Principia

College

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

Roosevelt

University

Rosary

College

Saint Xavier

University

University of

Illinois at

Springfield

School of the

Art Institute of

Chicago

Southern Illinois

Univ. at

Carbondale

Southern Illinois

Univ. at

Edwardsville

Trinity Christian

College

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

University of

Illinois at

Chicago

University of

Illinois at

Urbana/

Champaign

VanderCook

College of Music

Western Illinois

University

Wheaton

College

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%R

Basic Skills 202 94 37 111 97 18 503 84 50 859 96 27 75 95 32 124 98 11 62 97 18 11 100 Across ALL subject matter tests 547 94 19 171 96 12 884 85 45 1148 96 12 65 97 5 119 96 12 81 91 36 * Basic Skills 204 88 47 78 97 18 198 90 45 90 99 10 22 82 51 359 96 27 334 96 27 32 97 Across ALL subject matter tests 269 81 47 145 92 31 281 81 47 137 96 12 23 91 36 510 94 19 540 95 17 35 94 

Basic Skills 410 95 32 467 100 1 14 64 53 421 98 11 69 97 18Across ALL subject matter tests 617 94 19 594 97 5 19 32 52 633 92 31 73 99 2
Profiles • ILLINOIS 

ILLINOIS, cont’d.

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure ReqIllinois allows school districts to hire individuals without a particular subject-area certification provided they have a Letter of Non-jeopardization are valid for 1 year and may be issued to properly certificated individuals, allowing them to teach a subjepresently meet the qualifications, provided: (1) the school district documents the search for a qualified candidate; (2) the disqualified individual during the last year; (3) the teacher applies for endorsement and submits a remediation plan including thtimeline for completing the required course work.Waiver RatesThe Illinois Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the time of the initial questionnaire
80 Profiles • INDIANA

INDIANA http://

Teacher StandardsAs of May 1999, performance-based standards for educators have been developed based on the NCATE, INTASC, and NBPTS sstandards from other professional organizations. The developmental standards include Early Childhood, Middle Childhood, EarlAdolescence/Young Adulthood. Content standards apply to the following fields: English as a New Language, Mathematics, EngliEducation & Health, Exceptional Needs, School Services, Fine Arts, Science, Foreign Language, Social Studies, Generalist StandEducation, and Middle Childhood.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis; or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program.

■ In addition, candidates must submit a

limited criminal history check fromIndiana state police.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (2)Core Battery: Communication Skills and General

Knowledge

Professional Knowledge Exams (1)Core Battery: Professional KnowledgeSubject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (32)

Art EducationBiologyBiology & General ScienceBusiness EducationChemistryEarth/Space ScienceEconomicsEducation in the Elementary SchoolEnglish Language and LiteratureFrenchGeneral ScienceGeographyGermanGovernment/Political ScienceHealth EducationHome Economics Education

MathematicsMusic EducationPhysical EducationPhysical SciencePhysicsPre-Kindergarten EducPsychologyIntroduction to the TeSocial StudiesSociologySpanishSpeech CommunicatioEducation of Students Teaching Students with Teaching Students with Technology Education

Proportion of TCandidates PaRequired AsseTeacher PreparThe Indiana Professionthe requested data were time of the initial ques
INDIANA, cont’d.

Profiles • INDIANA

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure ReqThe state of Indiana issues Limited Licenses upon the request of a district superintendent to teachers to teach outside of theiwho have a baccalaureate degree, but have not completed a teacher education program.

Waiver Rates

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Distri

Waiver data are for school year 1997-1998.* Data not reported.NA = Not applicable** Some of the above numbers include testing deficiencies.High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversNote: The categories below are not mutually exclusive.

General Elementary (25)**Secondary (87)Arts (31)Chemistry (16)

English (22)Foreign Language (42)Mathematics (44)Physical Education (12)

Physics (10)Social Studies (9)Special Education (975)

Total # of teachers ** *Total # of teachers with waivers 1,149 299 631% of teachers with waivers NA NA NA
82 Profiles • IOWA

IOWA http://www.state.ia.us/educate/program

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved in Fall 1998 and will be effective in 2001. The standards apply to Early Childhood Education aINTASC standards.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, with specific credit-hourrequirements for general andprofessional education course work.

■ In addition, candidates must complete

an approved human relationscomponent, complete requirements fora teaching endorsement, and meet arecency requirement.

Assessments OfferedThere are no assessments required for teacherlicensure or certification at this time.

Proportion of TCandidates PaRequired AsseTeacher PreparIowa does not require atherefore, no program r
IOWA, cont’d.

Profiles • IOWA

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure ReqThe state of Iowa does not issue waivers. Iowa will issue a Conditional License to an individual who meets the minimum quateaching license, but desires to add a teaching endorsement for which they have only completed two-thirds (for regular educaeducation) of the requirements. The individual then must follow a constructed program of study and must complete all requperiod.

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with Waivers

Waiver totals include full-time teachers only.* Data not reported.NA = Not Applicable

Special Education (502)Social Studies (87)Reading (74)

Science (89)Arts (49)Driver’s Education (46)

Physical Education (45)

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 34,309 * *Total # of teachers with waivers 1,463 * *% of teachers with waivers 4.3 NA NA

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Distric

Conditional license data for Iowa is for school year 1997-1998.
84 Profiles • KANSAS

KANSAS http://www.ksbe.state.ks.u

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were in development in 1998. The standards will apply to all fields and are based on the INTASC standards.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis; or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (3)Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge Exams (1)Core Battery: Professional KnowledgeSubject Matter and Pedagogy ExamsNone Required

Proportion of TCandidates PaRequired AsseTeacher PreparAll persons receiving inafter May 1, 1986 hav
KANSAS, cont’d.

Profiles • KANSAS

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure ReqThe state of Kansas provides Quality Performance Accreditation waivers allowing an individual to teach for 1 year, off-level ofield, or when some elements are lacking a full endorsement.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 31,940 * *Total # of teachers with waivers 53 15 38% of teachers with waivers 0.2 NA NA

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Distric

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with Waivers

Waiver totals include full-time and part-time teachers.* Data not reported.NA = Not Applicable

Special Education (33)Science (1)

Physical Education (5)
86 Profiles • KENTUCKY

KENTUCKY www.kde.state.state.ky.us/o

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved on June 1, 1993. The standards apply to all fields and are interrelated to the INTASC standards

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby transcript analysis; or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which Kentucky has a reciprocityagreement.

■ In addition, candidates must have a

cumulative as well as an academicspecialty GPA of 2.5 or higher,complete a 1-year internship, and passstate-prescribed assessments. Out-ofAssessments Offered: ETS Praxis Basic Skills Exams (8) Core Battery: General Knowledge and Communication Skills Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading, Writing, and Mathematics Computer-Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing, and Mathematics Professional Knowledge Exams (1) Core Battery: Professional Knowledge Subject Matter and Pedagogy Exams (41) Agriculture Art: Content Knowledge and Art Making Biology & General Science Biology: Content Knowledge, Part 1 and Content Essays Business Education Chemistry: Content Knowledge Chemistry, Physics & General Science Education of Deaf & Hard of Hearing Students Elementary Education

& Assessment English Language, LitContent Knowledge 

French: Content Know

Language Skills General Science: Cont

German: Content KnoHealth Education Home Economics EduLatin Mathematics: Conten

Models & Problems

Middle School: Englis

Science, and Social S

Music: Content Know

Processes Physical Education: CMovement Forms - A

Physics: Content KnoSocial Studies: Conten

Interpretation of Ma

Spanish: Content Kn

Language Skills Special Education: ApAcross Categories of Students with BehavDisturbances, TeachRetardation, and TeImpairments Teaching English as a 

Technology Education state applicants with valid licenses and 2 years of experience in the appropriate certification area do not have to complete the internship or testing requirements.
87

Alice Lloyd

College

Asbury

College

Bellarmine

College

Berea

College

Brescia

University

Campbellsville

University

Centre

College

Cumberland

College

Eastern

Kentucky Univ.

Georgetown

College

Kentucky

Christian Coll.

Kentucky State

University

Kentucky

Weslean College

Lindesy Wilson

College

Midway

College

t takers 

%R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R

Profiles • KENTUCKY

MORE ON KENTUCKY ...

hing Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Preparation Program

nstitutions with programs) Exact time period not known: “1996, 1997, and 1998”

90 17 96 10 100 1 100 1 100 1 84 24 100 1 89 18 94 13 96 10 95 12 89 18 86 22 100 1

94 11 98 3 100 1 95 10 97 5 90 13 100 1 84 19 90 13 97 5 96 7 78 20 74 22 78 20

96 13 98 8 100 1 95 18 100 1 88 21 100 1 96 13 97 11 96 13 96 13 86 23 86 23 100 1

100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 98 18 98 18 100 1 100 1 75 25 96 22 100 1

ssment 100 1 100 1 89 24 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 97 19 96 21 100 1 76 25 100 1 100 1

100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 98 17 99 14 96 18 100 1 96 18 96 18 91 24

100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1

100 1 100 1 75 14 100 1 100 1 82 11 66 15 100 1 100 1

dge 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1

100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 75 22 88 19 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 50 23 100 1

ts

100 1 100 1

100 1 100 1 100 1 75 17 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1

66 8 100 1 100 1 100 1 30 17 100 1 75 7 59 9 100 1 40 15

50 18 100 1 83 8 100 1 80 11 100 1 50 18 83 8 100 1 75 12

ce 100 1 40 6

100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 66 21 100 1 71 19 88 15 100 1 100 1 83 16
88

KENTUCKY, cont’d.

Profiles • KENTUCKY

Alice Lloyd

College

Asbury

College

Bellarmine

College

Berea

College

Brescia

University

Campbellsville

University

Centre

College

Cumberland

College

Eastern

Kentucky Univ.

Georgetown

College

Kentucky

Christian Coll.

Kentucky State

* An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. % = Percent PassingR = Rank %R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R%Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

Social Studies: Content Knowledge 100 1 84 11 100 1 100 1 100 1 61 22 86 10 77 18 79 17 83 12 75 Social Studies: Interpretation of Materials 100 1 84 18 66 21 75 19 100 1 71 20 100 1 94 11 87 15 100 1 100 Physical Education 100 1 100 1 100 1 86 15 100 1 100 1 100 Physical Education: Content Knowledge 58 9 90 4 100 1 50 12 33 15 76 5 40 13 100 Physical Education: Movement, Forms–Analysis/Design 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 93 17 100 1 100 Business Education 540 up to 10/1/97 100 1Music Education 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 85 16 100 1 100 1 100 Music: Concepts & Processes 100 1 100 1 100 1 89 7 86 9 100 1 50 14 75 Music: Content Knowledge 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 Home Economics 100 1 100 1 100 1Art Education 100 1 50 14 100 1 100 1 70 13 100 1Art Making 100 1 50 7 100 1 50 7Art: Content Knowledge 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1French 100 1 100 1 100 1French: Productive Language 100 1 100 1French: Content Knowledge 100 1 100 1 100 1GermanGerman: Content Knowledge 100 1Spanish 100 1 100 1Spanish: Content Knowledge 100 1 100 1 17 12 57 9 100 1Spanish: Productive Language Skills 100 1
Biology: Content Knowledge Part 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 50 17 100 1 100 1Biology: Content Essays 100 1 100 1 50 18 66 13 66 13 100 1 66 13 78 9 100 1Chemistry: Content Knowledge 33 11 100 1 100 1 75 6 100 1 42 9 33 11Physics: Content Knowledge 100 1 13 4Education of Deaf & Hard of HearingTeaching Students with Visual ImpairmentsTeaching Students with Mental RetardationSpecial Education 100 1 100 1 81 10 100 1Application of Core Princ. Across Categories 100 1 100 1 100 1 97 9Teaching English as a Second LanguageTeaching Students with Beh. Disorders/Emot 100 1 84 5 62 10 97 2General Science Content Knowledge: Part II 66 11 50 14 100 1 100 1 60 13 66 11Middle School ScienceHealth Education 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation P

KENTUCKY, cont’d.

Profiles • KENTUCKY

Alice Lloyd

College

Asbury

College

Bellarmine

College

Berea

College

Brescia

University

Campbellsville

University

Centre

College

Cumberland

College

Eastern

Kentucky Univ.

Georgetown

College

Kentucky

Christian Coll.

* An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. % = Percent PassingR = Rank %R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R
90

86 22 92 14 97 8 89 18 88 21 100 1 97 8 76 25 98 7 92 96 7 86 18 96 7 84 19 75 24 89 16 92 12 68 23 98 3 89 92 19 96 13 98 8 92 19 88 21 100 1 100 1 74 25 99 7 97 

100 1 98 18 100 1 92 23 100 1 100 1 100 1 92 23 100 1 98 

97 19 98 17 98 17 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 95 23 100 1 96 96 18 99 14 100 1 94 22 100 1 100 1 100 1 93 23 100 1 99 92 19 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 92 9 80 12 60 16 100 1 50 17 33 18 100 1 83 

100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 

88 19 97 17 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 86 21 100 1 100 

100 1 100 1 

88 15 80 16 100 1 100 1 100 1 89 30 17 35 16 56 11 29 19 100 1 50 13 56 11 50 57 16 66 15 82 10 71 14 75 12 100 1 88 7 92 60 5 100 1 100 1 78 18 100 1 70 20 83 16 100 1 100 1 50 22 100 1 94 83 12 94 8 72 20 80 15 80 15 100 1 100 1 60 23 100 1 93 86 17 97 9 88 14 94 11 100 1 100 1 100 1 66 21 93 13 95 

KENTUCKY, cont’d.

Profiles • KENTUCKY

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

Morehead State

University

Murray State

University

Northern

Kentucky Univ.

Pikeville

College

Spalding

University

Thomas More

College

Transylvania

University

Union

College

University of

Kentucky

University of

* An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. % = Percent PassingR = Rank %R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R%

BASIC SKILLSCommunication SkillsGeneral KnowledgePROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEProfessional KnowledgeSUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYEducation in the Elementary SchoolElem. Ed.: Curr., Instruction & AssessmentEarly Childhood EducationBiology and General ScienceEnglish language LiteratureEnglish Language: Content KnowledgeEnglish EssaysMiddle School English Language ArtsTechnology EducationMathematicsMath: Content KnowledgeMath: Proofs, Models, etc.Chemistry, Physics, General ScienceSocial StudiesSocial Studies: Content KnowledgeSocial Studies: Interpretation of Materials
KENTUCKY, cont’d.

Profiles • KENTUCKY

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

Physical EducationPhysical Education: Content KnowledgePhysical Education: Movement, Forms –Analysis and DesignBusiness Education 540 up to 10/1/97Music EducationMusic: Concepts & ProcessesMusic: Content KnowledgeHome EconomicsArt EducationArt MakingArt: Content KnowledgeFrenchFrench: Productive LanguageFrench: Content KnowledgeGermanGerman: Content KnowledgeSpanishSpanish: Content KnowledgeSpanish: Productive Language SkillsBiology: Content Knowledge Part 1Biology: Content Essays

Morehead State

University

Murray State

University

Northern

Kentucky Univ.

Pikeville

College

Spalding

University

Thomas More

College

Transylvania

University

Union

College

University of

Kentucky

* An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. % = Percent PassingR = Rank %R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R

100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 66 16 100 1 

97 3 58 9 73 7 33 15 33 15 76 5 95 16 96 15 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 

100 1 86 9 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 

80 11 80 11 50 14 100 1 91 6 

100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 50 16 100 1 

69 7 100 1 94 5 90 11 100 1 90 11 100 1 100 1 94 10 50 7 100 1 50 7 100 1 

100 1 66 11 100 1 100 1 100 1 

33 8 100 1 100 1 

100 1 100 1 

33 7 100 1 100 1 

100 1 

33 7 100 1 100 1 40 11 46 10 100 1 100 1 90 7 14 7 80 3 100 1 60 4 86 16 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 77 10 66 13 92 8 66 13 100 1 100 1 94 7 
92

KENTUCKY, cont’d.

Profiles • KENTUCKY

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

Morehead State

University

Murray State

University

Northern

Kentucky Univ.

Pikeville

College

Spalding

University

Thomas More

College

Transylvania

University

Union

College

University of

Kentucky

University of

* An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. % = Percent PassingR = Rank %R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R%R%

27 14 27 14 33 11 66 7 100 1 55 8 40 10 5 71 2 

100 1 

86 8 94 5 100 1 86 8 94 5 80 98 8 94 11 100 1 100 1 97 9 100 85 4 80 6 73 8 94 3 73 73 10 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 75 

100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 

Chemistry: Content KnowledgePhysics: Content KnowledgeEducation of Deaf & Hard of HearingTeaching Students with Visual ImpairmentsTeaching Students with Mental RetardationSpecial EducationApplication of Core Princ. Across CategoriesTeaching English as a Second LanguageTeaching Students with Beh. Disorders/EmotGeneral Science Content Knowledge: Part IIMiddle School ScienceHealth Education

Notes: Data for Kentucky represent aggregate test scores for school years 1995-1996, 1996-1997, and 1997-1998. Percent pass rates reflect all the scores for each test taker, regarthe test.
State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure ReqThe state of Kentucky offers a Full Emergency Certificate for an applicant who holds a bachelor’s degree with a GPA of 2.5.

KENTUCKY, cont’d.

Profiles • KENTUCKY

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 46,369 * *Total # of waivers issued 398 227 171% of teachers with waivers 0.9 NA NA

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Distri

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe Kentucky Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the tithe initial questionnaire.

Data are for the school year 1998-1999.Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers.* Data not reported.NA = Not Applicable
94 Profiles • LOUISIANA

LOUISIANA http://www.doe.state.la.us/DOE/asps

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards have been approved. The standards apply to all fields and are comparable to the INTASC standards.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program (regionallyaccredited); or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis.

■ In addition, the individual must have

earned a GPA of 2.5 on a 4.0 scale onall course work attempted.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (5)Core Battery: General Knowledge and

Communication Skills

Effective September 1, 1999Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge Exams (3)Effective September 1, 1999Core Battery: Professional KnowledgePrinciples of Learning and Teaching (PLT):

Grades K-6 or 7-12

Subject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (18)

Biology & General ScienceBusiness EducationChemistry, Physics & General ScienceEarly Childhood EducationElementary Education Curriculum: Instruction &

Assessment and Content Area Exercises

English Language & Literature CompositionEnglish: Content Knowledge and PedagogyFrenchGermanHome Economics EducationMathematics

Music EducationPhysical EducationSocial Studies: Conten

Interpretation of Ma

Spanish
95

Profiles • LOUISIANA

hing Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Preparation Program

nstitutions with programs)

d scores on NTE assessments (previous generation of the Praxis assessments) by preparation program.

MORE ON LOUISIANA ...

Centenary

College of LA

Dillard University

Louisiana

College

LSU Baton

Rouge (Agriculture)

LSU Baton

Rouge (Home

Economics)

LSU-Shreveport

University of

New Orleans

Loyola

University

Our Lady of

Holy Cross

Southern

University-New

Orleans

Tulane

University

%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R

100 1 26 81 18 36 97 10 * 15 100 1 97 98 8 228 95 14 27 100 1 31 97 11 115 45 21 39 97 9

69 59 19 77 95 16 301 95 15 198 95 13 155 95 12 137 94 17 231 98 7 109 50 20 213 100 1 39 100 1

T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R

Grambling State

University

Louisiana Tech

College

McNeese State

University

Nicholls State

University

Northeast

Louisiana Univ.

Northwestern

State University

Southeastern

Louisiana Univ.

Southern

University

University of

Southwestern

Louisiana

Xavier

University
96

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 53,857 46,252 7,605Total # of teachers with waivers 6,726 6,202 524% of teachers with waivers 12.5 13.4 6.9

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe Louisiana Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the timeof the initial questionnaire.

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers.

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirThe state of Louisiana provides admission to the State Alternate Post-Baccalaureate Certification Program for individuals who hadegree and a GPA of 2.5. The individual must complete the program and meet the state certification and licensure requirements.

LOUISIANA, cont’d.

Profiles • LOUISIANA
General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, with specific credit-hourrequirements for general andprofessional education course work.

■ Effective July 1, 2000, candidates must

undergo a fingerprint check or policerecord examination.

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards have been approved. Assessments Offered: ETS Praxis

Basic Skills Exams (8)Core Battery: General Knowledge and

Communication Skills

Pre-Professional Skills Tests (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Computer-Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge ExamsNone RequiredSubject Matter and Pedagogy ExamsNone Required

Proportion oCandidates PRequired AsTeacher PrepThe Maine Departmrequested data were of the initial questi

Profiles • MAINE

MAINE http://www.janus.state.me.us/
98 Profiles • MAINE

MAINE, cont’d.

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirThe state of Maine allows waivers to be granted for a limited time in a subject area required by statute or rule, provided the indivtaking courses toward full certification. The superintendent determines the need, based on difficulty experienced in hiring indivi

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 15,086 * *Total # of teachers with waivers 42** 5 26% of teachers with waivers 0.3 NA NA

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe Maine Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the time ofthe initial questionnaire.

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers.* Data not reported.** Totals do not add up because some districts could not be classified as to poverty status.NA = Not Applicable
Profiles • MARYLAND 

MARYLAND http://www.msde.state.md.us/certific

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, with specific credit-hourrequirements for general andprofessional education course work; or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis; or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which Maryland has a reciprocityagreement.

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved as of November 1995. The standards apply to all fields.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (6)Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Computer-Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge Exams (1)Principles of Learning and Teaching (PLT):

Grades 7-12

Subject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (35)

Art: Content Knowledge and Content,

Traditions, Criticism & Aesthetics

Biology: Content Knowledge, Part 1, Part 2, and

Pedagogy

Business EducationChemistry: Content Knowledge and Physical

Science: Pedagogy

Chemistry, Physics & General Science and

Physical Science Pedagogy

Early Childhood EducationEarth/Science: Content Knowledge and Physical

Science Pedagogy

Education in the Elementary SchoolEnglish Language, Literature & Composition:

Content Knowledge and Pedagogy

Family and Consumer Science/Home

Economics

French: Content K

Language Skills

German: Content 

Language Skills

Mathematics: ConMusic: Content KnPhysics: Content KPhysical Science: PPhysical Education

Movement Form

Social Studies: ConSpanish: Content K

Language Skills a

Speech CommunicSpecial Education: 

Principles and AAcross Categorie

Technology Educa

Note: If a subject is not lCBT.There are no longer any tmust meet the qualifying modations.Praxis I & II qualifying scout-of-state teaching canscores taken prior to June out-of-state teaching can
100

MARYLAND, cont’d.

Profiles • MARYLAND

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher PreThe Maryland Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the time of the initial questionnaire.State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirThe state of Maryland allows an individual who holds a bachelor’s degree but has not met the requirements for a Professional Celocal school system with a Provisional Degree Certificate. The applicant must then acquire the necessary course work or achieve trequired assessments. The length of time for the certificate is dependent upon the requirements that remain to be fulfilled. In addNondegree Certificate may be issued upon the request of a local superintendent to an applicant who is hired by the local school seducation area for which a bachelor’s degree is not required, so long as professional requirements other than the degree are met.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 48,489 27,676 20,813Total # of teachers with waivers 2,776 2,351 425% of teachers with waivers 5.7 8.5 2.0

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe Maryland Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the timeof the initial questionnaire.

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers.
Profiles • MASSACHUSETTS 

MASSACHUSETTS http://www.doe.mass.edu/law

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved as of October 1994. The standards apply to every certificate area..

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe Provisional Certificate is granted bythe state with the fulfillment of thefollowing sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in arts or sciences

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, 24 credit hours in the subjectmatter for the certificate, and completionof a state-approved teacher preparationprogram which includes 18 credit hoursin professional education course workand a credit bearing, supervisedpracticum at either the baccalaureate orpost-baccalaureate level; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in arts or sciences

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, with 24 credit hours in thesubject matter for the certificate and 18credit hours of professional educationcourse work which includes a creditbearing, supervised practicum; or

■ A degree from a non-US institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree in artsor sciences, and including the abovesubject matter and professionaleducation requirements as determinedthrough transcript analysis.

■ In addition, candidates must pass the

Massachusetts Educator CertificationTests and demonstrate evidence ofsound moral character.

Assessments Offered:NES The MassachusettsEducator Certification Tests(MECT)Basic Skills Exams (2)Communication and Literacy Skills Test: Reading

and Writing

Professional Knowledge ExamsNone RequiredSubject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (42)

BiologyBusinessChemistryCommunication and Performing Arts and

Communication (Speech), Dance, and Theater

Early ChildhoodEarth ScienceElementary TeacherEnglishEnglish as a Second LanguageForeign Languages: Chinese, French, German,

Italian, Portuguese, Russian, and Spanish

General ScienceHealth EducationHistoryHome EconomicsLatin and Classical HumanitiesMathematics

Middle SchoolMusicPhysical EducationPhysicsReadingSocial StudiesSpecial NeedsTechnology EducaTransitional Biling

Cape Verdean, CItalian, Laotian, and Vietnamese

Visual Art
53 64 37 19 68 35 37 81 22 * * * 10 70 32 153 96 1 * 94 94 3

54 56 37 19 68 29 37 65 31 * * * 10 50 39 153 94 2 * 95 84 10

53 45 38 19 58 30 37 60 28 * * * 10 50 35 153 91 5 * 94 82 7

* * * * 12 92 1 *

24 42 27 * 18 28 31 87 91 4 30 87 5

* 10 70 1

* 26 77 2 *

* 15 73 1

.

Profiles • MASSACHUSETTS

MORE ON MASSACHUSETTS...

ng Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Preparation Program

itutions with programs)

American

International

College

Anna Maria

College

Assumption

College

Atlantic Union

College

Bay Path

College

Becker

College

Berklee College

of Music

Boston

College

The Boston

Conservatory

Boston University 

ers 

T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%R
Latin & Classical HumanitiesMusic * Visual ArtBusinessHealth EducationPhysical EducationEnglish as a Second Language Special Needs 17 59 8 30 FrenchSpanish

Profiles • MASSACHUSETTS

MASSACHUSETTS, cont’d.

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

American

International

College

Anna Maria

College

Assumption

College

Atlantic Union

College

Bay Path

College

Becker

College

Berklee College

of Music

* An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T

Bradford

College

Brandeis

University

Bridegewater

State College

Cambridge

College

Clark

University

College of the

Holy Cross

Curry

College

Eastern

* An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T

BASIC SKILLSCommunication and Literacy Skills Test Reading Subtest Writing Subtest Reading and Writing Subtests

* 23 83 18 187 82 20 25 48 42 24 63 39 12 92 5 12 58 40 25 * 23 87 8 187 75 22 25 44 41 24 75 20 12 92 6 13 39 42 25 * 23 70 19 187 66 22 25 28 41 24 58 29 12 92 2 12 25 42 25 
104

MASSACHUSETTS, cont’d.

Profiles • MASSACHUSETTS

M

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

Bradford

College

Brandeis

University

Bridegewater

State College

Cambridge

College

Clark

University

College of the

Holy Cross

Curry

College

Eastern

Nazarene

College

* An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYEarly ChildhoodElementary TeacherMiddle School TeacherSocial StudiesHistoryEnglishReadingMathematicsGeneral SciencePhysicsChemistryBiologyEarth ScienceLatin & Classical HumanitiesMusicVisual ArtBusinessHealth EducationPhysical EducationEnglish as a Second LanguageSpecial Needs

32 66 10

15 80 8 94 65 17 16 38 29 11 82 7 10 10 32 * 

12 67 2

*

*

*

*

17 100 1 *
Profiles • MASSACHUSETTS 

MASSACHUSETTS, cont’d.

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

Bradford

College

Brandeis

University

Bridegewater

State College

Cambridge

College

Clark

University

College of the

Holy Cross

Curry

College

Eastern

* An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T

FrenchSpanish

Emmanuel

College

Endicott

College

Fitchburg State

College

Framingham

State College

Gordon

College

Harvard

Graduate School

of Education

Hellenic

College

* An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T

BASIC SKILLSCommunication and Literacy Skills TestReading subtestWriting subtestReading and Writing subtestsSUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYEarly ChildhoodElementary TeacherMiddle School TeacherSocial StudiesHistoryEnglishReadingMathematics

* 12 42 43 126 71 30 83 77 26 30 83 16 * * 10 * 12 33 43 127 62 32 84 77 18 30 87 9 * * 10 * 12 17 43 126 56 31 83 69 20 30 80 8 * * 10 

24 54 12 14 79 7 

* 10 30 30 44 66 15 28 79 9 13 92 3 * 

*

*
106

MASSACHUSETTS, cont’d.

Profiles • MASSACHUSETTS

M

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

Emmanuel

College

Endicott

College

Fitchburg State

College

Framingham

State College

Gordon

College

Harvard

Graduate School

of Education

Hellenic

College

Lasell College

* An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

General SciencePhysicsChemistryBiologyEarth ScienceLatin & Classical HumanitiesMusicVisual ArtBusinessHealth EducationPhysical EducationEnglish as a Second LanguageSpecial NeedsFrenchSpanish

**

33 82 3 * * 
40 73 31 11 82 20 35 80 23 * 25 92 4 * 12 92 5 39 41 71 26 12 58 35 36 81 13 * 25 92 4 * 12 92 6 39 40 48 36 11 55 33 35 71 17 * 25 92 1 * 12 92 2 39 10 50 13 *23 70 13 25 60 20 15 93 2 23 

12 50 1

12 67 1

Profiles • MASSACHUSETTS

MASSACHUSETTS, cont’d.

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

Mass. College

of Liberal Arts

Mass. General

Hospital Inst.

Of Health

Professions

Merrimack

College

Monserrat

College

Mount Holyoke

College

Mount Ida

College

New England

Conservatory of

Music

* An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T

BASIC SKILLSCommunication and Literacy Skills Test Reading Subtest Writing Subtest Reading and Writing SubtestsSUBJECT KNOWLEDGEEarly ChildhoodElementary TeacherMiddle School TeacherSocial StudiesHistoryEnglishReadingMathematicsGeneral SciencePhysicsChemistryBiologyEarth ScienceLatin & Classical HumanitiesMusicVisual Art
108

MASSACHUSETTS, cont’d.

Profiles • MASSACHUSETTS

M

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

Mass. College

of Liberal Arts

Mass. General

Hospital Inst.

Of Health

Professions

Merrimack

College

Monserrat

College

Mount Holyoke

College

Mount Ida

College

New England

Conservatory of

Music

Northeastern

University

* An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

Salem State

College

Shady Hill

School

Simmons

College

Smith

College

Springfield

College

Stonehill

College

Suffolk University

Tufts

University

* An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takersper assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

BASIC SKILLSCommunication and Literacy Skills Test Reading Subtest Writing Subtest Reading and Writing SubtestsSUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYEarly ChildhoodElementary TeacherMiddle School TeacherSocial StudiesBusinessHealth EducationPhysical EducationEnglish as a Second LanguageSpecial NeedsFrenchSpanish

166 77 28 * 40 80 23 * 89 64 38 60 85 15 * 34 94 166 69 28 * 41 78 17 * 89 54 38 60 73 23 * 34 94 166 63 26 * 40 73 16 * 89 45 39 60 63 25 * 34 91 

34 62 11 10 90 3 12 92 65 52 24 15 40 28 * 16 56 23 26 62 19 

*
Profiles • MASSACHUSETTS 

MASSACHUSETTS, cont’d.

Salem State

College

Shady Hill

School

Simmons

College

Smith

College

Springfield

College

Stonehill

College

Suffolk University

T

f

* An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takersper assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R TProportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

HistoryEnglishReadingMathematicsGeneral SciencePhysicsChemistryBiologyEarth ScienceLatin & Classical HumanitiesMusicVisual ArtBusinessHealth EducationPhysical EducationEnglish as a Second LanguageSpecial NeedsFrenchSpanish

* * * ** ***

* 

*

11 73 2

* 50 88 1

17 77 6 * 
110

UMassDartmouth

UMassLowell

Wellesley

College

Western New

England College

Westfield State

College

Wheaton

College

Wheelock

College

* An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takersper assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%R T%R T%R T%R T%

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

M

Profiles • MASSACHUSETTS

BASIC SKILLSCommunication and Literacy Skills Test Reading Subtest Writing Subtest Reading and Writing SubtestsSUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYEarly ChildhoodElementary TeacherMiddle School TeacherSocial StudiesHistoryEnglishReadingMathematicsGeneral SciencePhysicsChemistryBiologyEarth ScienceLatin & Classical HumanitiesMusicVisual Art

44 86 13 62 90 7 * * 142 66 36 20 90 8 72 69 44 61 34 62 92 5 * * 142 58 36 20 80 14 72 65 44 61 27 62 84 6 * * 142 48 36 20 80 8 72 56 

23 39 14 34 85 

10 50 26 21 95 1 * 46 48 27 15 73 12 32 78 

** 

** * 

* ***

15 47 2 *

MASSACHUSETTS, cont’d.
* 

*

24 79 4 *

Profiles • MASSACHUSETTS

UMassDartmouth

UMAssLowell

Wellesley

College

Western New

England College

Westfield State

College

Wheaton

College

Wheelock

* An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takersper assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

BusinessHealth EducationPhysical EducationEnglish as a Second LanguageSpecial NeedsFrenchSpanish

MASSACHUSETTS, cont’d.
112

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirThe state of Massachusetts offers school districts the option of a waiver as a 1-year authorization to hire an educator who is not ademonstration that a hardship exists in securing certified personnel. In addition, a Provisional Certificate is awarded to candidatedegree in arts or sciences or an interdisciplinary major, passes the Massachusetts Educator Certification Tests, and presents evidencharacter. This certificate is valid for 5 years of employment and is not renewable.

Profiles • MASSACHUSETTS

MASSACHUSETTS, cont’d.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers* 64,682 16,300 48,382Total # of teachers with waivers 378 278 100% of teachers with waivers 0.6 1.7 0.2

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe Massachusetts Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at thetime of the initial questionnaire.

These numbers include only those teachers on waivers; data for those with provisional certificates and permanent substitutes are unavailaat this time.*Represents Full Time Equivalent (FTE) teachers; those who are currently employed. Some districts may include teachers on waivers in thtotals and some may not.Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers.
Profiles • MICHIGAN 

http://www.state.mi.us

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education or a

subject area from an accreditedpostsecondary institution, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, or andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis; or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which Michigan has a reciprocityagreement.

Assessments Offered:NES Michigan Test for TeacherCertification (MTTC)Basic Skills Exams (1)Basic SkillsProfessional Knowledge ExamsNone RequiredSubject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (74)

MICHIGAN

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved in August 1993 and revised in July 1998. The standards apply to the entry-level certificate aendorsements.

HealthHealth, PE and

Recreation

Hearing ImpairedHistoryHome EconomicsHumanitiesIndustrial ArtsItalianJournalismLanguage ArtsLatinLearning DisabledMarketing

(Distributive Ed

MathematicsMentally ImpairedMusic Education

AccountingAgricultural EducationAnthropologyArt EducationAstronomyAutisticBehavioral StudiesBilingual Arabic,

Chaldean, Chinese,French, German,Greek, Hebrew,Japanese, Italian,Korean, Latin,Other, Polish,Russian, Spanish,Vietnamese, andYugoslavian

BiologyBusiness

Administration

Business EducationChemistryComputer ScienceCultural StudiesDanceDriver EducationEarly Childhood

Education

EconomicsElementary EducationEmotionally ImpairedEnglishEnvironmental StudiesFine ArtsFrenchGeographyGeology/Earth ScienceGerman
114

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirThe state of Michigan allows a person who does not hold a valid Michigan teacher certificate or a certificate appropriate to their Permit valid for teaching in the grade and/or subject specified for 1 year. The Emergency Permit is issued only in situations that because the lack of a teacher will deprive children of an education. To qualify for these permits, individuals must meet degree, spexperiential requirements established by the state.

Waiver Rates

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with Waivers

*Data not available.Waiver totals include full-time teachers and long-term substitutes.NA = Not Applicable

Art (9)Computer Science (7)Elementary Education (51)English as a Second Language (13)Geology/Earth Science (6)Total # of teachers * * *Total # of teachers with waivers 452 187 265Percent of teachers with waivers NA NA NA

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher PreThe Michigan Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the time of the initial questionnaire.

MICHIGAN, cont’d.

Profiles • MICHIGAN

Industrial Arts (11)Language Arts (7)Mathematics (14)Music (21)Physical Education (13)

Science (8)Special Education (136)Spanish (34)Other (65)
Profiles • MINNESOTA 

MINNESOTA http://www.educ.state.

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were pending approval in 1998. The standards will apply to the following fields: English/Language Arts, MScience, Arts, Foreign Language, Elementary Education, and Middle Grades Education. They are based on the INTASC stan

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis.

■ In addition, candidates must undergo a

fingerprint check.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (6)Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Computer-Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge ExamsNone RequiredSubject Matter and Pedagogy ExamsNone Required
116

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Pre1997–1998 (25 institutions with programs)

Profiles • MINNESOTA

MINNESOTA, cont’d.

BASIC SKILLSPPST: Mathematics 85 21 96 8 100 1 92 17 100 1 81 23 100 1 80 PPST: Reading 77 23 91 13 100 1 83 21 93 9 81 22 95 5 76 PPST: Writing 72 24 88 17 100 1 94 7 90 14 88 17 95 6 72 CBT: Mathematics 95 15 96 12 100 1 91 22 93 20 97 9 98 6 75 CBT: Reading 94 20 100 1 100 1 90 23 96 14 100 1 98 10 68 CBT: Writing 85 22 96 11 100 1 100 1 96 12 100 1 96 9 71 

Augsburg

College

Bethel

College

Carleton

College

College of Saint

Bendict

College of Saint

Catherine

College of Saint

Scholastica

Concordia

CollegeMoorhead

Concordia

University

T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = RankCBT = Computer-Based TestPPST = Pre-Professional Skills Test T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

Hamline

University

Macalester

College

Bemidji State

University

Moorhead State

University

Saint Cloud

State University

Winona State

University

U. MinnesotaDuluth

U. MinnesotaMorris

T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = RankCBT = Computer-Based TestPPST = Pre-Professional Skills Test T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

BASIC SKILLSPPST: MathematicsPPST: ReadingPPST: WritingCBT: MathematicsCBT: ReadingCBT: Writing

96 9 93 14 87 19 92 15 86 20 94 11 95 10 93 93 9 100 1 76 24 83 19 85 17 85 18 94 7 92 98 3 91 12 80 21 70 25 75 22 87 19 91 12 90 95 13 100 1 93 19 98 8 95 14 97 10 98 6 94 93 21 100 1 92 22 98 11 95 16 96 14 97 12 99 90 18 100 1 85 23 93 16 87 20 96 9 95 13 94 
MINNESOTA, cont’d.

Profiles • MINNESOTA

Saint Mary’s

University of

Minnesota

Saint Olaf

College

University of

Saint Thomas

Northeastern

College

North Central

College

T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = RankCBT = Computer-Based TestPPST = Pre-Professional Skills Test T%RT%RT%RT%RT%R

BASIC SKILLSPPST: MathematicsPPST: ReadingPPST: WritingCBT: MathematicsCBT: ReadingCBT: Writing

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

98 6 99 5 92 18 92 16 83 2288 14 94 6 88 16 94 7 83 1993 8 96 5 91 11 97 4 100 1

100 1 100 1 90 23 93 18 88 24100 1 95 17 94 19 96 13 100 1100 1 90 18 90 17 100 1 87 21
118 Profiles • MINNESOTA

MINNESOTA, cont’d.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 62,634 8,916 53,718Total # of teachers with waivers 636 79 557% of teachers with waivers 1.0 0.9 1.0

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe Minnesota Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the timof the initial questionnaire.

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers.

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirThe state of Minnesota will grant a Variance to a school district to hire a teacher licensed in an area other than the proposed teacdistrict must assure there is no licensed teacher available and that the individual holds a current license in an area other than the assignment. In addition, the district can request board actions for a Waiver and the Non-Licensed Community Expert. A waiver an experimental or innovative program design requires using teachers in an assignment which is inconsistent with the current rulCommunity Expert has expertise in a specialized area, but does not meet the state requirements for certification.
Profiles • MISSISSIPPI 

MISSISSIPPI http://mdek12.state.ms.us/o

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved as of July 1997. The teacher standards apply to all fields.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis; or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which Mississippi has a reciprocityagreement.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (6)Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Computer-Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge Exams (3)Principles of Learning & Teaching (PLT): Grades

K-6, 5-9, or 7-12

Subject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (27)

Art EducationBiologyBiology & General ScienceBusiness EducationChemistryChemistry, Physics & General ScienceComputer Literacy/Data ProcessingEducation of Students with Mental RetardationEducation in the Elementary SchoolTeaching Students with Emotional DisturbanceEnglish Language & LiteratureFrenchGermanHome Economics EducationMathematicsSpecial EducationMusic Education

Physical EducationPhysicsSocial StudiesSpanishSpeech CommuniTechnology EducaHearing ImpairedIndustrial ArtsMarketing EducatSpeech Impaired
120

MISSISSIPPI, cont’d.

Profiles • MISSISSIPPI

BASIC SKILLSPPST: MathematicsPPST: ReadingPPST: WritingCBT: MathematicsCBT: ReadingCBT: WritingPROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEPLT: Grades K-6, 5-9, and 7-12 904 88SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYArt Education 29 90Biology 12 75Biology and General Science 70 77Business Education 48 92

All Institutions

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingCBT = Computer-Based TestingPPST = Pre-Professional Skills TestPLT = Principles of Learning and Teaching T %

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Pre1997–1998 Mississippi reported overall pass rate data.

All Institutions

T %

Chemistry *Chemistry, Physics, and General Science 13 62Computer Literacy/Data ProcessingEducation in the Elementary School 1347 91Education of Students withMental Retardation 11 73English Language and Literature 120 73French *German *Hearing Impaired *Home Economics Education 12 92Industrial Arts *Marketing EducationMathematics 85 85

Music Education Physical Education Physics Social Studies Spanish Special Education Speech Communication Speech Impaired Teaching Students withEmotional DisturbanceTechnology Education

Reporting period covered: Academic year 1997-1998

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent Passing

* = An asterisk indicates less than takers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent Passing
Profiles • MISSISSIPPI 

MISSISSIPPI, cont’d.

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure ReqThe state of Mississippi allows Special Emergency Educator Licenses to be issued for individuals who presently hold a standamust submit a Local District Request Packet for this license and individuals who do not hold a Standard License must providsupplemental documentation in support of the request.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 57,363 * *Total # of teachers with waivers 545 437 108% of teachers with waivers 0.9 NA NA

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty District

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe Mississippi Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the tiof the initial questionnaire.

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers.The total number of teachers is the total number of teachers employed in Mississippi public schools during the 1998-1999 school year* Data not reported.NA = Not Applicable
122

MISSOURI http://www.dese.state.mo.us/divu

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved in February 1997. The standards apply to all fields and are based on the INTASC standards.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program.

■ In addition, the individual must have an

overall grade point average of 2.5, withno grade lower than a C in professionaleducation courses; the applicant alsomust be recommended by the designatedofficial for teacher education in thecollege/university where the programwas completed.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (6)Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Computer-Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge Exams (2)Principles of Learning and Teaching (PLT):

Grades 5-9 or 7-12

Subject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (24)

AgricultureArt: Content KnowledgeBiology: Content Knowledge, Part 1Business EducationChemistry: Content KnowledgeEarly Childhood EducationEarth Science: Content KnowledgeElementary Education: Curriculum, Instruction

& Assessment

English Language, Literature & Composition:

Content Knowledge

FrenchGerman: Content KnowledgeHealth EducationHome Economics EducationMarketing Education

Profiles • MISSOURI

Mathematics: ContenMusic Education: ConPhysical Education: CPhysics: Content KnoSocial Studies: ContenSpanish: Content Kn

Language Skills

Special EducationSpeech CommunicatioTechnology Education
Profiles • MISSOURI 

MISSOURI, cont’d.

PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEProfessional Knowledge 37 100 1 * 34 100 1 14 100 1 * * * 13 PLT: Grades 5-9PLT: Grades 7-12SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYAgriculture *Art: Content Knowledge * 11 100 1 *****Biology: Content Knowledge * * *Business Education * 21 95 2 *Chemistry: Content Knowledge * * *Early Childhood Education 72 100 1 * Earth Science: Content Knowledge *Elem. Ed.: Curric., Instruction, and Assess. 16 94 26 104 96 21 117 100 1 33 100 1 10 100 1 19 100 1 72 97 19 26 Engl. Lang., Lit., and Comp.: Content Knowl. * 17 88 9 * * * 10 90 8 * French * *German: Content KnowledgeHealth EducationHome Economics Education * Marketing Education

Avila

College

Central

Methodist

College

Central Missouri

State University

College of the

Ozark

Columbia

College

Culver-Stockton

College

Drury

College

E

l

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent Passing R = RankPLT = Principles of Learning and Teaching T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R TProportion of Teaching Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher 1997–1998 (35 institutions with programs)
124

MISSOURI, cont’d.

Profiles • MISSOURI

Avila

College

Central

Methodist

College

Central Missouri

State University

College of the

Ozark

Columbia

College

Culver-Stockton

College

Drury

College

Evangel

University

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent Passing R = RankPLT = Principles of Learning and Teaching T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

Harris-Stowe

State College

Lincoln

University

Lindenwood

University

Maryville

University of St.

Louis

Missouri Baptist

College

Missouri

Southern State

College

Missouri Valley

College

Missouri Western

State College

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = RankPLT = Principles of Learning and Teaching T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEProfessional KnowledgePLT: Grades 5-9PLT: Grades 7-12Mathematics: Content Knowledge * * 11 91 4 * * * * Music: Content Knowledge * * * ***Physics: Content KnowledgePhysical Education: Content Knowledge 10 100 1 22 100 1 11 91 8 * * *Social Studies: Content Knowledge * * 38 97 6 *****Spanish: Content Knowledge * * * *Special Education * 42 100 1 * * Speech Communication * * * Technology Education * *

* * * * 125 100 1 * * 
Profiles • MISSOURI 

MISSOURI, cont’d.

Harris-Stowe

State College

Lincoln

University

Lindenwood

University

Maryville

University of St.

Louis

Missouri Baptist

College

Missouri

Southern State

College

Missouri Valley

College

Mi

i W

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R TProportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYAgricultureArt: Content KnowledgeBiology: Content KnowledgeBusiness EducationChemistry: Content KnowledgeEarly Childhood EducationEarth Science: Content KnowledgeElem. Ed.: Curric., Instruction, and Assess.Engl. Lang., Lit., and Comp.: Content Knowl.FrenchGerman: Content KnowledgeHealth EducationHome Economics EducationMarketing EducationMathematics: Content KnowledgeMusic: Content KnowledgePhysics: Content KnowledgePhysical Education: Content KnowledgeSocial Studies: Content Knowledge

*** * *

* ** * 

** * *

* 

18 100 1 * 

126 74 33 28 89 29 75 95 24 22 100 1 25 88 30 71 100 1 19 89 28 65 

24 50 11 * * * * 12 100 1 * * 

*

17 65 6 * * * * * * * 

* * * * * 

*

* * * * * 12 92 7 * 

17 53 9 * 10 100 1 * * * * * 
126 Profiles • MISSOURI

MISSOURI, cont’d.

Harris-Stowe

State College

Lincoln

University

Lindenwood

University

Maryville

University of St.

Louis

Missouri Baptist

College

Missouri

Southern State

College

Missouri Valley

College

Missouri Western

State College

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

Spanish: Content KnowledgeSpecial EducationSpeech CommunicationTechnology Education

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

Rockhurst

College

Saint Louis

University

Southeast

Missouri State

University

Southwest

Baptist University

Southwest

Missouri State

University

Stephens

College

Truman State

University

Univ of MOColumbia

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = RankPLT = Principles of Learning and Teaching T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

* * 

* * * 

**

PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEProfessional KnowledgePLT: Grades 5-9PLT: Grades 7-12SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYAgricultureArt: Content KnowledgeBiology: Content KnowledgeBusiness EducationChemistry: Content KnowledgeEarly Childhood Education

* 13 100 1 19 100 1 26 100 1 37 100 1 * * 43 100 

11 91 2 13 100 

*** ** 10 90 1 * * 

* * 13 100 1 * 

* * **

* 34 100 1 * * * 30 100 
Profiles • MISSOURI 

Rockhurst

College

Saint Louis

University

Southeast

Missouri State

University

Southwest

Baptist University

Southwest

Missouri State

University

Stephens

College

Truman State

University

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R TProportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

MISSOURI, cont’d.

** 

22 95 22 21 95 23 123 99 16 80 100 1 151 99 15 * 26 100 1 77 

* * 21 100 1 * 18 100 1 * 28 * * **

* *

* *

** *

*

12 100 1 * 15 100 1 * 15 

* * 15 100 1 * * 

16 100 1 * 22 100 1 * * 

* * 17 100 1 * 23 100 1 * 44 * * * * 12 

* 13 100 1 * 16 100 1 * 22 

*** ** ** *

Earth Science: Content KnowledgeElem. Ed.: Curric., Instruction, and Assess.Engl. Lang., Lit., and Comp.: Content Knowl.FrenchGerman: Content KnowledgeHealth EducationHome Economics EducationMarketing EducationMathematics: Content KnowledgeMusic: Content KnowledgePhysics: Content KnowledgePhysical Education: Content KnowledgeSocial Studies: Content KnowledgeSpanish: Content KnowledgeSpecial EducationSpeech CommunicationTechnology Education
128

Washington

University

Webster

University

Westminster

College

William Jewell

College

William Woods

University

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = RankPLT = Principles of Learning and Teaching T%RT%RT%RT%RT%R

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

MISSOURI, cont’d.

Profiles • MISSOURI

PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEProfessional KnowledgePLT: Grades 5-9PLT: Grades 7-12SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYAgricultureArt: Content KnowledgeBiology: Content KnowledgeBusiness EducationChemistry: Content KnowledgeEarly Childhood EducationEarth Science: Content KnowledgeElem. Ed.: Curric., Instruction, and Assess.Engl. Lang., Lit., and Comp.: Content Knowl.FrenchGerman: Content KnowledgeHealth EducationHome Economics EducationMarketing EducationMathematics: Content KnowledgeMusic: Content Knowledge

***** **   ** 

11 100 1 33 100 1 23 100 1 13 100 1

*****

*

* *** *

*
*

******* *** *

MISSOURI, cont’d.

Profiles • MISSOURI

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation P

Washington

University

Webster

University

Westminster

College

William Jewell

College

William Woods

University* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent Passing

R = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%R

Physics: Content KnowledgePhysical Education: Content KnowledgeSocial Studies: Content KnowledgeSpanish: Content KnowledgeSpecial EducationSpeech CommunicationTechnology Education

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions fromRegular Certification and Licensure RequirementsThe state of Missouri does not grant waivers under its current policies. Provisional Certification is issued to applicants who are curradditional certification areas in which they are 12-14 credit hours away from completing the requirements for Full Certification.
130 Profiles • MONTANA

MONTANA http://www.metnet.st

Teacher StandardsNo information.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which Montana has a reciprocityagreement is honored if that state’sapproved program was completed.

■ In addition, candidates must earn a

minimum GPA of 2.0 on a 4.0 scale, ora “C” average.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (6)Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Computer-Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge ExamsNone RequiredSubject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams

None Required

Proportion of TCandidates PasRequired AssesTeacher PreparThe Montana Departmrequested data were not of the initial questionna
MONTANA, cont’d.

Profiles • MONTANA

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure ReqThe state of Montana does not permit waivers for teaching outside of “appropriate assignment” as identified in accreditation Certification is available for those who have not completed a full teacher preparation program but who meet the academic rea field of study. The requirements must be met within 3 years. The school district may also employ individuals with an EmerEmployment, after demonstrating they have advertised widely but have not had a fully qualified applicant for the position. Tprovision must have held certification at one time or hold a bachelor’s degree in a related field and must then complete minimcourses to complete the pedagogical portion of certification requirements.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 10,228 * *Total # of teachers with waivers 7 5.5 1.5% of teachers with waivers 0.1 NA NA

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Distric

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe Montana Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the timthe initial questionnaire.

The above data are from 1997-98 and include ONLY numbers for Emergency Authorization of Certification.Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers.* Data not reported.NA = Not Applicable
132 Profiles • NEBRASKA

NEBRASKA http://www.edneb.or

Teacher StandardsSpecific field standards were reported in 1998.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state based on independentreview by a commercial transcriptanalysis agency.

■ In addition, candidates who have not

been Nebraska residents for the previous5 years must undergo a fingerprintcheck or police record examination,meet Human Relations Training andSpecial Education Competencies, meet arecency requirement, and berecommended by a state institution.

Assessments Offered:ETS Praxis, and NCSBasic Skills Exams (7)Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Computer-Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

Content Mastery Exam for Educators (Basic

Skills)

Professional Knowledge ExamsNone RequiredSubject Matter and Pedagogy ExamsNone Required

Proportion of TCandidates PasRequired AssesTeacher PreparAll candidates from Nebstate basic skills competeadmission to a teacher etests are currently requir
Profiles • NEBRASKA 

NEBRASKA, cont’d.

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure Req

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 20,008 3,555 16,453Total # of teachers with waivers 252 78 173% of teachers with waivers 1.3 2.2 1.1

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty District

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe Nebraska Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the timthe initial questionnaire.

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers.

The state of Nebraska offers the following options that allow individuals failing to fulfill all requirements to teach: (1) A Provmay be issued to individuals who have a BA level degree, but lack either completion of the teacher education phase or the recTemporary Teaching Certificate may be issued to persons who are fully trained as teachers, but lack up to three of the “statuthuman relations training, or special education competencies); and (3) A Conditional Permit may be issued to a person who hteaching certificate, but for whom the Nebraska State Patrol or the FBI have not issued a final report on the criminal backgro
134 Profiles • NEVADA

NEVADA http://www.c

Teacher StandardsNo information.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which Nevada has a reciprocityagreement.

■ In addition, candidates must undergo a

fingerprint check or police recordexamination.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (6)Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Computer-Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge Exams (2)Principles of Learning and Teaching (PLT):

Grades K-6 or 7-12

Subject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (39)

Art: Content Knowledge and Art MakingBehavioral Sciences and Physical Science:

Pedagogy

Biology: Content Knowledge, Part 1, and

Pedagogy

Business EducationChemistry: Content Knowledge (CT) and

Content Essays

Elementary Education: Curriculum, Instruction

& Assessment and Content Area Exercises

English Language, Literature, and Composition:

Essays and Pedagogy

French: Content Knowledge and Productive

Language Skills

General Science: Content Knowledge, Part 1, and

Content Essays

Health EducationHealth and Physical Education: Content

Knowledge

Home Economics Education

Mathematics: Conten

Models & Problems

Music: Concepts & Pr

Knowledge

Physical Education: C

Movement Forms–A

PsychologyReading: Introduction 

Reading

Social Studies: Conten

Essays

Spanish: Content Kno

Language Skills

Teaching Speech to St

Impairments

Speech DramaSpeech CommunicatioTechnology EducationSpecial Education: Kn

Principles

World and US History
Business EducationChemistry: Content Knowledge (CT)Chemistry: Content EssaysElementary Education: Content Area Exercises 41 85 Elementary Education: Curriculum,Instruction, and Assessment 41 93 Engl. Lang., Lit., and Comp.: Content Knowl.Engl. Lang., Lit., and Comp.: EssaysFrench: Content KnowledgeFrench: Productive Language SkillsGeneral Science: Content Knowledge, Part 1General Science: Content EssaysHealth EducationHealth and Physical Education:Content KnowledgeHome Economics EducationIntroduction to the Teaching of ReadingMathematics: Content Knowledge 13 23

NEVADA, cont’d.

Profiles • NEVADA

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher 1998–1999 (2 institutions with programs)

University of

NV-Las Vegas

University of

NV-Reno

T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = RankCBT = Computer-Based TestingPPST = Pre-Professional Skills Test T%RT%R

BASIC SKILLSPPST: Mathematics 38 81PPST: Reading 38 89PPST: Writing 39 72CBT: Mathematics 19 95CBT: Reading 15 93CBT: Writing 16 75PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEProfessional Knowledge 28 71 2 22 95 1PLT: Grades K-6PLT: Grades 7-12SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYArt MakingArt: Content KnowledgeArt: Content, Traditions,Criticism and AestheticsBiology: Content Knowledge, Part 1Biology: Pedagogy

University of

NV-Las Vegas

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%
136

Mathematics: PedagogyMusic: Concepts and ProcessesMusic: Content KnowledgePhysical Education: Content EducationPhysical Education: Movement Forms–Analysis/DesignPhysical Science: PedagogyPsychologySocial Studies: Content Knowledge

Profiles • NEVADA

University of

NV-Las Vegas

University of

NV-Reno T = Took Test % = Percent Passing

R = Rank T%R T%R

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

University of

NV-Las Vegas

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R

Social Studies: Analytical EssaysSpanish: Content Knowledge 11 91Special Education: KnowledgeBased Core Principles 14 100Speech CommunicationTeaching Speech to Students withLanguage ImpairmentsTechnology EducationWorld and US History

NEVADA, cont’d.
Profiles • NEVADA 

NEVADA, cont’d.

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure ReqThe state of Nevada regulations provide a description of the case of Emergency Relief from regulations.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 18,396 11,411 6,062Total # of teachers with waivers 197 50 126% of teachers with waivers 1.1 0 2.1

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Distr

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe Nevada Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the timthe initial questionnaire.

Note: Total teachers is from 1998-99 school year and number with waivers is from 1997-98 school year data. Refers to teachers teachof field as per NAC 391.146.Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers.
138 Profiles • NEW HAMPSHIRE

NEW HAMPSHIRE http://www.state.nh.us/doe/Certif

M

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis; or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which New Hampshire has areciprocity agreement.

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards are reviewed every 8 years. The standards apply to the following fields: English/Language Arts, Mathematics, SForeign Language, Elementary Education, and Middle Grades Education.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (6)Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Computer-Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge ExamsNone RequiredSubject Matter and Pedagogy ExamsNone Required

Proportion of TCandidates PasRequired AssesTeacher PreparThe New Hampshire Dreported the requested davailable at the time of 

State Waiver CaExceptions from Certification anRequirementsThe New Hampshire Dreported the requested davailable at the time of 
Profiles • NEW JERSEY 

Teacher StandardsNo information.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree from an accredited

college or university; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in the liberal arts or

sciences for elementary education; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in the subject

teaching field; or

■ Successful completion of either the

Provisional Teacher Program–AlternateRoute, or completion of a stateapproved college teacher trainingprogram and 1 year of full-timeteaching under a valid ProvisionalLicense, or completion of a stateapproved college teacher trainingprogram and 1 year of full-timeteaching under a valid out-of-statelicense.

■ In addition, candidates must be U.S.

citizens.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills ExamsNone RequiredProfessional Knowledge ExamsNone RequiredSubject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (21)

Art: Content KnowledgeBusiness EducationBiology: Content Knowledge, Part 2Chemistry: Content KnowledgeEarth Science: Content KnowledgeEnglish Language, Literature & Composition:

Content Knowledge

French: Content KnowledgeGeneral Science: Content Knowledge, Parts 1 & 2German: Content KnowledgeHome Economics EducationIntroduction to the Teaching of ReadingMathematics: Content KnowledgeMarketing EducationMusic: Content KnowledgePhysical Education: Content KnowledgePhysics: Content KnowledgeSpanish: Content KnowledgeSpeech CommunicationSocial Studies: Content KnowledgeTechnology Education

Proportion oCandidates PRequired AsTeacher PrepThe New Jersey Depthe requested data wtime of the initial q

NEW JERSEY http://www.state.nj.us/njded/educa
140

NEW JERSEY, cont’d.

Profiles • NEW JERSEY

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirThe state of New Jersey offers Emergency Licensure to teachers teaching English as a Second Language, Bilingual/Bicultural EduEducation. These licenses are issued at the request of the hiring district after providing evidence that it has properly advertised fosuitable licensed teacher applied for the position. These licenses expire in July of the academic year in which they are issued and tteacher is expected to complete academic study aimed toward completing all requirements for full licensure.

Bilingual (272)

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 89,204 * *Total # of teachers with waivers 1,014 * *% of teachers with waivers 1.1 NA NA

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with Waivers

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers.* Data not reported.NA = Not Applicable

English as a Second Language (230) Teacher of the Handicapped (511)
NEW MEXICO http://sde.state.nm.us/divisions/

Profiles • NEW MEXICO

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved of between 1986 and 1989, and are currently being revised. The standards apply to all licen

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area and

completion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which New Mexico has areciprocity agreement.

■ In addition, candidates must pass a

state-prescribed assessment and undergoa fingerprint background check.

Assessments Offered:ETS Praxis and NES New MexicoTeacher Assessments (NMTA)Basic Skills Exams (4)Core Battery: General Knowledge and

Communication Skills

AS OF JULY 1, 1999:New Mexico Assessment of Teacher Basic SkillsNew Mexico Assessment of Teacher General

Knowledge

Professional Knowledge Exams (2)Core Battery Test: Professional KnowledgeAS OF JULY 1, 1999:New Mexico Assessment of Teacher CompetencySubject Matter and Pedagogy ExamsNone Required
142

BASIC SKILLSCommunication Skills 91 87 5 86 94 2 203 88 4 145 75 7 320 95 1 603 92 3 162 General Knowledge 97 82 4 89 85 3 226 79 5 169 60 7 333 88 1 612 88 2 180 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEProfessional Knowledge 96 100 1 85 99 6 190 100 1 126 98 7 311 100 4 584 100 3 128 

NEW MEXICO, cont’d.

Profiles • NEW MEXICO

College of

Santa Fe

College of the

Southwest

Eastern New

Mexico University Main

Campus

New Mexico

Highlands

University

New Mexico

State University

Main Campus

University of

New Mexico

Main Campus

T = Took Test % = Percent Passing R = Rank

T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Pre1997–1998 (7 institutions with programs)State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirThe state of New Mexico allows school superintendents to employ individuals who have not completed some or all of the specifithe type of license sought. This 1-year Emergency License requires that an individual remove any deficiencies while teaching. In superintendent may employ an individual with a valid New Mexico teaching license for the grade level being taught but who is afor which there is no current endorsement. The teacher is granted a Waiver of Assignment and must remove any deficiencies whi

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 35,028 30,976 4,052Total # of teachers with waivers 1,994 1,794 200% of teachers with waivers 5.7 5.8 4.9

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe New Mexico Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at thetime of the initial questionnaire.

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers for 1997-98.
Profiles • NEW YORK 

NEW YORK http://www.nysed.g

Teacher StandardsNo information.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe Provisional Certificate is granted withthe fulfillment of the following sets ofconditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area, and

completion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area, and

the completion of specific credit-hourrequirements for general andprofessional education course work; or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis; or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which New York has a reciprocityagreement.

■ In addition, for a Provisional

Certificate, candidates must pass a stateprescribed assessment, have U.S.citizenship status, have good moralcharacter, and attend a Child AbuseWorkshop.

Assessments Offered:NES New York State TeacherCertification Exams (NYSTCE)Basic Skills Exams (1)Liberal Arts and Sciences (NES)Professional Knowledge Exams (3)Assessment of Teaching Skills, Written (NES)Professional Knowledge: Elementary & SecondarySubject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (24)

1 Teachers of English to speakers of other languages (ESOL) must pass all basic NYSTCE tests aAssessment (ELPA-C). Bilingual extension of any certificate requires that a Target Language Profinstruction and the ELPA-C be passed, as well as the tests for the base certificate. TLPAs are offeAll are offered by NESBiologyCantoneseChemistryEarly Childhood

Annotation

Earth ScienceElementary EducationEnglishEnglish Language

ProficiencyAssessment

English Language

ProficiencyAssessment forClassroom Personnel(ELPA-C)

English to Speakers of

Other Languages

FrenchGermanGreekHebrewItalianJapaneseLatinMandarinMathematicsPhysicsRussianSocial StudiesSpanishTarget Language

ProficiencyAssessment1
144

BASIC SKILLSLiberal Arts and Sciences 433 76 90 75 97 26 * 167 94 42 20 100 1 82 28 105 210 94 42 20 100 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEAssessment of Teaching Skills, Written 361 84 90 38 97 45 * 161 99 30 22 100 1 47 51 104 201 99 30 18 100 Professional KnowledgeSUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGY1 204 83 42 * 15 67 66 39 72 62 

Profiles • NEW YORK

NEW YORK, cont’d.

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Pre1996–1997 (113 institutions with programs) Assessments reported may not reflect current practice/policy

Adelphi

University

Alfred

University

Alfred Univ/

NYS College of

Ceramics

Bank Street

College of

Education

Barnard

College

Boricua

College

Canisius

College

Colgate

University

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%1 All subject knowledge data in these tables consists of cumulative performance data on specific subject matter exams, as well as language proficiency assessments.

College of St.

Rose

Columbia,

Teachers College

Concordia

College

Cornell

University

Cornell Univ/

NYS College of

Agriculture

Cornell Univ./

NYS College of

Human Ec.

Daemen

College

Dominican

College of

Bl

l

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

BASIC SKILLSLiberal Arts and Sciences 335 97 26 347 97 26 16 100 1 * 13 100 1 35 89 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEAssessment of Teaching Skills, Written 301 98 37 354 97 45 16 100 1 * 13 100 1 20 95 Professional KnowledgeSUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGY 32 81 51 113 91 24 
BASIC SKILLSLiberal Arts and Sciences 29 94 42 25 96 33 33 91 64 112 97 26 18 89 69 283 45 102 485 88 71 31 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEAssessment of Teaching Skills, Written 26 90 81 25 96 54 32 100 1 101 100 1 20 90 81 221 61 101 462 94 64 28 Professional KnowledgeSUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGY 15 100 1 29 83 42 157 71 63 133 85 41 

Iona-Rockland

University

Ithaca

College

Keuka

College

Le Moyne

College

LIU:

2

Brentwood

LIU:

Brooklyn

LIU:

C.W. Post

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T

2 LIU - Long Island University

NEW YORK, cont’d.

Profiles • NEW YORK

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

Elmira

College

Five Towns

College

Fordham-Lincoln

Ctr./Rose Hill

Forham Univ.-

Tarrytown

Hartwick

University

Hobart William

Smith College

Hofstra

University

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R 

BASIC SKILLSLiberal Arts and Sciences 96 98 16 * 165 87 73 39 100 1 26 100 1 26 92 56 398 95 36 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEAssessment of Teaching Skills, Written 111 99 30 * 160 92 72 39 100 1 21 100 1 30 100 1 374 95 59 Professional KnowledgeSUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGY 137 91 24 254 93 15 
146

BASIC SKILLSLiberal Arts and Sciences 86 86 75 156 97 26 93 96 33 26 62 97 15 73 92 85 87 73 64 80 83 65 75 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEAssessment of Teaching Skills, Written 79 92 72 149 98 37 47 100 1 27 96 54 14 100 1 88 98 37 56 84 90 65 85 Professional KnowledgeSUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGY 13 69 65 73 96 7 31 94 13 12 92 

Profiles • NEW YORK

NEW YORK, cont’d.

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

Manhattan

College

Manhattanville

College

Marist

College

Marymount

College

Marymount

Manhattan Coll.

Medaille

University

Mercy-Bronx

College

Mercy-Dobbs

Ferry College

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

BASIC SKILLSLiberal Arts and Sciences 137 93 51 299 92 56 57 95 36 13 46 101 75 84 77 357 92 56 213 94 42 18 78 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEAssessment of Teaching Skills, Written 107 97 45 252 98 37 54 93 70 * 55 91 79 340 95 59 196 96 54 19 89 Professional KnowledgeSUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGY 22 91 24 131 95 12 14 79 55 176 91 24 23 78 57 

Mount Saint

Mary College

Nazareth College

of Rochester

New School of

Social Research

New York

Institute of

TechnologyMetro Center

NY Institute of

Technology-Old

Westbury

New York

University

Niagra

University

Nyack

College

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%
BASIC SKILLSLiberal Arts and Sciences 90 82 80 78 81 82 286 96 33 15 100 1 109 92 56 13 100 1 19 95 36 44 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEAssessment of Teaching Skills, Written 85 92 72 97 94 64 250 99 30 15 100 1 92 96 54 11 100 1 20 75 96 36 Professional KnowledgeSUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGY 56 77 58 28 96 7 

St. John’sStaten Island

University

Saint Joseph’sMain College

St. Joseph’sSuffolk College

Saint

Lawerence Univ.

Saint Thomas

Aquinas

Sarah

Lawerence Coll.

School of

Visual Arts

Si

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T

BASIC SKILLSLiberal Arts and Sciences * 21 52 99 13 100 1 50 98 16 * 58 93 51 104 94 42 63 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEAssessment of Teaching Skills, Written * 20 60 102 12 100 1 56 100 1 10 90 81 58 98 37 95 99 30 45 Professional KnowledgeSUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGY 12 100 1 10 80 53 17 76 59 16 

NEW YORK, cont’d.

Profiles • NEW YORK

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

PACE: Univ.

White Plains

Pratt

Institute

Rensselaer

Polytechnic

Institute

Roberts

Wesleyan Coll.

Rochester

Institute of

Technology

Russell Sage

College

Saint

Bonaventure

University

S

i

F

i

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T
148

BASIC SKILLSLiberal Arts and Sciences * 82 77 87 38 100 1 48 100 1 26 92 56 90 90 66 90 90 66 16 94 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEAssessment of Teaching Skills, Written * 75 80 93 38 100 1 46 100 1 25 100 1 96 94 64 96 94 64 15 100 Professional KnowledgeSUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGY 47 91 24 17 100 1 23 91 24 

Profiles • NEW YORK

NEW YORK, cont’d.

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

Syracuse Univ/

NYS College Env.

Sci. Forestry

Touro College

Union College

University of

Rochester

Utica College of

Syracuse

University

Vassar College

Wagner College

Wells College

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%3 CUNY - City University of New York4 SUNY - State University of New York

CUNY:

Brooklyn

CUNY: Graduate

Center

CUNY:

City

CUNY:

Hunter

CUNY: Herbert

Lehman

CUNY: Medgar

Evers

CUNY:

Queens

CUNY: Staten

Island

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

BASIC SKILLSLiberal Arts and Sciences 752 71 94 * 1109 40 104 339 78 85 404 59 98 162 41 103 716 88 71 276 83 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEAssessment of Teaching Skills, Written 607 80 93 * 763 49 105 313 88 86 293 68 99 120 58 103 608 92 72 257 89 Professional KnowledgeSUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGY 199 79 55 290 70 64 130 92 20 73 75 60 16 75 60 271 93 15 111 87 
SUC:

Oneonta

SUC:

Oswego

SUC:

Plattsburg

SUC:

Potsdam

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%R

BASIC SKILLSLiberal Arts and Sciences 427 93 51 391 95 36 264 97 26 263 94 42PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEAssessment of Teaching Skills, Written 264 97 45 384 97 45 243 99 30 246 99 30Professional KnowledgeSUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGY 107 94 13 137 82 48 45 98 5 76 88 34

NEW YORK, cont’d.

Profiles • NEW YORK

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

SUNY:

Binghamton

SUNY:

Buffalo

SUNY:

Stony Brook

SUC:

5

Brockport

SUC:

Buffalo

SUC:

Cortland

SUC:

Fredonia

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T

BASIC SKILLSLiberal Arts and Sciences 43 98 16 212 95 36 122 98 16 221 93 51 475 95 36 370 98 16 193 98 16 345 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEAssessment of Teaching Skills, Written 42 100 1 228 94 64 111 100 1 209 96 54 431 97 45 389 98 37 221 100 1 312 Professional KnowledgeSUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGY 27 96 7 54 96 7 119 90 30 74 92 20 137 83 42 96 86 39 120 93 15 43 

5 SUC - State University of New York College
150 Profiles • NEW YORK

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirThe state of New York will issue a Temporary License, valid for 1 year, to employ an uncertified teacher when no certified and quafter documented recruitment. The uncertified person must have the minimum degree required in the certification area, and muprogram leading toward certification by the beginning of the semester following initial employment. Twenty percent of the uncerwill be used for planning, preparation, and training. The uncertified teacher will work under the guidance of a person who does certificate. New York also allows certified teachers to teach outside of their current subject certification based on an Incidental Teperiod of incidental teaching must not exceed 5 classroom hours per week.

NEW YORK, cont’d.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 214,309 * *Total # of teachers with waivers 19,539 * *% of teachers with waivers 9.1 NA NA

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with Waivers

The above data include only classroom teachers and are valid for the 1996-97 school year.* Data not reported.NA = Not Applicable

Reading (11.5%)English (10.4%)Foreign Language (12.3%)Bilingual (30.8%)ESL (18.8%)Math (10.4%)Science (13%)Social Studies (9.8%)Art/Music (25.9%)

Health Education (21.5%)Agriculture (18.6%)Home Economics (17.6%)Technology (25.8%)Trade Education (31.7%)Technical Education (65.2%)Health Occupations (30.7%)Occupational Education–General (19.9%)Coop. Occupational Education (53%)

Learning Technology (75.2%)Humanities (20.8%)Dance (33.1%)Theater (75.4%)Combination Courses (16.9%)General Cooperative Work (48.8%)Business/Mkt. (10.6%)
Profiles • NORTH CAROLINA 

http://www.ofps.dpi.state.nc.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree from an accredited

postsecondary institution, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program;

■ Satisfactory performance on NTE/Praxis

exams.

■ In addition, candidates must have a

recommendation from the LocalEducation Agency in which studentteaching was completed (for in-stateprogram completers), arecommendation from the institution ofhigher education, and complete atechnology portfolio and the EssentialTechnology Skills Inventory (for in-stateprogram completers).

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (6)Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Computer-Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge Exams (3)Principles of Learning & Teaching (PLT): Grades

K-6, 5-9, or 7-12

Subject Matter & Pedagogy Exams (48)

NORTH CAROLINA

Teacher StandardsRevised teacher standards were approved as of May 1998. The standards apply to all teaching fields.

General Science:

Content Essays,Content KnowleParts 1 & 2

GermanHealthHome Economics

Education

Introduction to th

Teaching of Read

Marketing EducatiMathematics: Con

Knowledge andPedagogy

Music: Analysis,

Concepts &Processes, andContent Knowle

Physical Education

Content Knowleand MovementForms - AnalysisDesign

Physical Science:

Pedagogy

PhysicsReading Specialist

Art: Content,

Traditions, Criticism& Aesthetics,Content Knowledge,and Art Making

Biology: Content

Knowledge, Part 1,Content Essays, andPedagogy

Business EducationChemistry: Content

Knowledge andContent Essays

Earth/Space ScienceEducation of Students

with MentalRetardation

Elementary Education:

Curriculum,Instruction &Assessment andContent AreaExercises

English Language,

Literature &Composition:Content Knowledge,Content Essays, andPedagogy

French: Content

Knowledge andProductive LanguageSkills
152

NORTH CAROLINA, cont’d.

Profiles • NORTH CAROLINA

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher PreThe North Carolina Department of Public Instruction reported the requested data were not readily available at the time of the initial qState Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirThe state of North Carolina allows skilled individuals outside of the public education system to be employed as a teacher while cteacher education program with a Lateral Entry License. The initial Lateral Entry License is valid for up to two school years and years if the holder earns a minimum number of semester hours of credit per year. In addition, Provisional Licenses for Out-of-Fierequested by the employing school system. Issued for 1 year, the Provisional License requires the holder to complete prescribed coother requirements, which must be completed within 5 years of the first effective date of the license.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 68,238 36,523 31,715Total # of teachers with waivers 6,368 3,652 2,716% of teachers with waivers 9.3 10.0 8.6

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe North Carolina Department of Public Instruction reported the requested data were not readily availabat the time of the initial questionnaire.

Waiver totals include full-time teachers only.
State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from ReguCertification and Licensure RequirementsThe state of North Dakota grants Interim Certificates in cases where schshortage of regularly certified teachers and a diligent effort to attract anteachers.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 8,653 1,033 Total # of teachers with waivers 7 1 % of teachers with waivers 0.1 0.1 

State Totals In High-Poverty Distr

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of 

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers.

Industrial Technology (1.8%) Business (15.4%) A

Profiles • NORTH DAKOTA

NORTH DAKOTA

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards apply to all aspects of teacher education.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

along with the completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis; or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program.

■ In addition, an individual must undergo

a fingerprint check or police recordexamination, have a grade point averageof 2.50 or above, and have three positiverecommendations from the institution.

Assessments OfferedNorth Dakota does not require assessments.Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing StaRequired Assessments, by Teacher Preparation North Dakota does not require assessments at this time, therefore no program 
154

OHIO http://www.ode.ohio.go

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved as of November 1996. The standards apply to all fields.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, with specific credit-hourrequirements for general andprofessional education course work; or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which Ohio has a reciprocityagreement.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills ExamsNone RequiredProfessional Knowledge Exams (3)Principles of Learning and Teaching (PLT):

Grades K-6, 5-9, or 7-12

Subject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (34)

Art: Content KnowledgeBiology: Content Knowledge, Parts 1 & 2Biology & General ScienceBusiness EducationChemistry: Content KnowledgeChemistry, Physics & General ScienceEarly Childhood EducationEarth Science: Content KnowledgeElementary Education Curriculum, Instruction &

Assessment

English: Content KnowledgeFrench: Content Knowledge and Productive

Language Skills

Profiles • OHIO

■ In addition, an individual must undergo a

fingerprint check or police record examination,pass state-prescribed course work, and completethe Entry Year Mentoring Program.

General Science: Cont

Parts 1 & 2

German: Content Kno

Language Skills

Health EducationHome Economics EduIntroduction to the TeMC Language Arts, M

Social Studies

Marketing EducationMathematics: ContenMusic: Content KnowPhysical Education: CPhysics: Content KnoSocial Studies: ContenSpecial Education: Ap

Across Categories of Based Core Principl

Teaching English as a Teaching Visually HanPerformance AssePraxis III: Classroom 

Beginning Teachers

PathwisePlease note: These performanthe state in various pilot projefor use in Ohio.
Profiles • OHIO 155

MORE ON OHIO ...

hing Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Preparation Program

nstitutions with programs)

Antioch

College

Ashland

University

Baldwin-Wallace

College

Bluffton

College

Bowling Green

State University

Capital University

Case Western

Reserve

University

Cedarville

College

Central State

University

Cleveland State

University 

T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R

88 46 97 23 99 10 96 26 98 16 95 30 99 10 43 48 90 44

98 32 99 20 100 1 99 20 99 20 98 32 91 47 99 20 64 49 97 35

96 5 100 1

100 1 100 1100 1

ence

100 1 100 1 100 1

97 28 98 22 100 1 100 1 100 20 97 29 100 1 65 44 92 40

97 12 97 14 97 13

100 1

ding 97 8 100 1 100 1 87 17 94 12
156

OHIO, cont’d.

Profiles • OHIO

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

Antioch

College

Ashland

University

Baldwin-Wallace

College

Bluffton

College

Bowling Green

State University

Capital University

Case Western

Reserve

University

Cedarville

College

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

Mathematics 95 4Marketing Education 100 1Physical Education 100 1Social Studies 100 1 Spanish 88 3Teaching Students withEmotional Disturbance 94 5Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 Teaching English as a Second Language 100 Teaching Students with Visual ImpairmentsTechnology Education

College of Mt.

Saint Joseph

The College of

Wooster

The Defiance

College

Denison

University

Franciscan

University of

Steubenville

Heidelberg

College

Hiram

College

John Carroll

University

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

BASIC SKILLSGeneral Knowledge 99 15 100 1 89 46 96 27 98 16 94 36 100 1 99 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEProfessional Knowledge 97 35 100 1 94 46 95 43 98 32 96 38 100 1 100 SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYArt Education 
BiologyBiology and General Science Business EducationChemistryChemistry, Physics, and General ScienceEarly Childhood Education Education in the Elementary School 98 22 96 34 98 26 95 37 100 1 Education of Students withMental Retardation FrenchGeneral ScienceHealth EducationHome Economics EducationIntroduction to the Teaching of Reading 100 1 Mathematics Marketing Education Physical Education Social Studies SpanishTeaching Students withEmotional Disturbance Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities 100 1 

Profiles • OHIO

OHIO, cont’d.

College of Mt.

Saint Joseph

The College of

Wooster

The Defiance

College

Denison

University

Franciscan

University of

Steubenville

Heidelberg

College

Hiram

College

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R TProportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation P
158

BASIC SKILLSGeneral Knowledge 80 47 92 41 97 22 99 13 99 12 100 1 99 13 93 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEProfessional Knowledge 100 1 100 1 97 35 99 20 99 20 100 1 99 20 100 SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYArt Education 100 1BiologyBiology and General ScienceBusiness EducationChemistryChemistry, Physics, and General ScienceEarly Childhood Education 100 1 100 1Education in the Elementary School 100 1 100 1 99 21 98 24 100 1 100 1 

Profiles • OHIO

OHIO, cont’d.

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

College of Mt.

Saint Joseph

The College of

Wooster

The Defiance

College

Denison

University

Franciscan

University of

Steubenville

Heidelberg

College

Hiram

College

John Carroll

University

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

Teaching English as a Second LanguageTeaching Students with Visual ImpairmentsTechnology Education

Lourdes

College

Malone

College

Marietta

College

Miami

University

Mount Union

College

Mount Vernon

Nazarene College

Muskingum

College

Notre Dame

College

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%
Education of Students withMental Retardation 100 1 FrenchGeneral Science 100 1Health Education 100 1Home Economics EducationIntroduction to the Teaching of Reading 100 1 97 9Mathematics 100 1Marketing EducationPhysical Education 100 1Social Studies 94 8 Spanish 91 1Teaching Students withEmotional Disturbance 100 1Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1Teaching English as a Second Language Teaching Students with Visual ImpairmentsTechnology Education

Profiles • OHIO

OHIO, cont’d.

Lourdes

College

Malone

College

Marietta

College

Miami

University

Mount Union

College

Mount Vernon

Nazarene College

Muskingum

College

N

D

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R TProportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation P
160

BASIC SKILLSGeneral Knowledge 97 24 99 11 100 1 98 16 93 37 94 34 95 33 98 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEProfessional Knowledge 99 20 100 1 100 1 100 1 95 43 99 20 96 38 100 SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYArt Education 90 6 100 1BiologyBiology and General Science 100 1 100 1Business Education 90 2ChemistryChemistry, Physics, and General ScienceEarly Childhood Education 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 Education in the Elementary School 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 91 43 98 25 95 36 100 Education of Students withMental Retardation 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 FrenchGeneral ScienceHealth Education 100 1 100 1 100 1Home Economics EducationIntroduction to the Teaching of Reading 100 1 100 1 92 14 95 Mathematics 95 4 91 6 91 6 67 8 100 Marketing Education 100 1 100 1

OHIO, cont’d.

Profiles • OHIO

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

The Ohio State

University

Ohio Univ.-

Athens

Ohio Wesleyan

University

Otterbein

College

Shawnee State

University

University of

Akron (Main)

University of

Cincinnati

(Main)

University of

Dayton

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%
BASIC SKILLSGeneral Knowledge 95 31 93 37 100 1 96 25 95 29 100 1 99 9 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEProfessional Knowledge 99 20 99 20 100 1 96 38 100 1 100 1 100 1 SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYArt EducationBiology

University of

Toledo

Urbana University

Ursuline

College

Walsh

University

Wilmington

College

Wittenberg

College

Wright State

University

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%R

Physical Education 100 1 Social Studies 100 1 100 1 90 10 Spanish 84 4 Teaching Students withEmotional DisturbanceTeaching Students with Learning Disabilities 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 Teaching English as a Second Language 100 1 100 1 100 1 100 1 Teaching Students with Visual ImpairmentsTechnology Education

Profiles • OHIO

OHIO, cont’d.

The Ohio State

University

Ohio Univ.-

Athens

Ohio Wesleyan

University

Otterbein

College

Shawnee State

University

University of

Akron (Main)

University of

Cincinnati

(Main)

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R TProportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation P
162

Biology and General Science 95 6 Business EducationChemistryChemistry, Physics, and General ScienceEarly Childhood Education 90 13 100 1 Education in the Elementary School 95 39 92 42 96 32 92 41 100 1 100 1 97 27 Education of Students withMental Retardation 100 1 100 1 FrenchGeneral Science 100 1Health Education 100 1 Home Economics EducationIntroduction to the Teaching of Reading 92 14 MathematicsMarketing Education 100 1Physical Education 100 1 Social Studies 100 1 100 1 Spanish 90 2Teaching Students withEmotional Disturbance Teaching Students with Learning Disabilities 100 1 98 21 

Profiles • OHIO

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

OHIO, cont’d.

University of

Toledo

Urbana University

Ursuline

College

Walsh

University

Wilmington

College

Wittenberg

College

Wright State

University

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%R T%R T%R T%R T
OHIO, cont’d.

Profiles • OHIO

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions fromRegular Certification and Licensure RequirementsThe Ohio Department of Education does issue Temporary Certificates to school districts if a fully-certified teacher is not avaof-field full-time, the person must hold certification in another area and have 20 semester hours of course work in the out-ofWaiver RatesThe Ohio Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the time of the initial questionnaire.

University of

Toledo

Urbana University

Ursuline

College

Walsh

University

Wilmington

College

Wittenberg

College

Wright State

University

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R 

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

Teaching English as a Second Language 100 1 100 1Teaching Students with Visual ImpairmentsTechnology Education
164 Profiles • OKLAHOMA

OKLAHOMA http://www.sde.state.ok.us/p

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved as of 1997. The standards apply to all fields and there are specific standards for the following fiSafety Education, Early Childhood Education, Elementary Education, English/Language Arts, Family/Consumer Sciences, ForeigMiddle Level Education, Physical Education/Health/Safety, Science, Social Studies, Special Education, Technology Education, Vcompetencies fall into three areas: (1) General education competencies demonstrating mastery of a liberal arts field of study as wGeneral teacher competencies based on the 10 Council for Chief State School Officers’ Interstate New Teacher Assessment and S(INTASC) principles and Oklahoma statutory requirements, and (3) Subject area competencies aligned with the guidelines recomLearned Societies.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A bachelor’s degree from an accredited

postsecondary institution, with specificcredit-hour requirements for generaleducation, professional education, andsubject specialization course work; or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis; or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course work in

professional education, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program; or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state with

which Oklahoma has a reciprocity agreement.

■ In addition, candidates must undergo a

fingerprint check or police record check (districtoption, per statute), must possess a Social Securitynumber allowing a permit to work in the UnitedStates and must complete a criminal historyquestionnaire/assessment.

Assessments Offered:NES Certification Examinationsfor Oklahoma Educators (CEOE)Basic Skills Exams (1)AFTER SEPTEMBER 1, 1999Oklahoma General Education TestProfessional Knowledge Exams (4)AFTER SEPTEMBER 1, 1999Oklahoma Professional Teacher Examination

(OPTE): Early Childhood Education (PK-3),

Oklahoma Subject

Area Tests (OSAT)

PRIOR TO

SEPTEMBER 1,1999

Algebra/GeometryAnalytical

Mathematics

ArtBiological SciencesBusiness EducationBusiness FoundationCalculusChemistryDriver Safety

Education

Early Childhood

Education (PK-3)

Earth/Physical Science

Elementary/Middle Level/Secondary (6-(PK-12)

Subject Matter an

Pedagogy Exam
Profiles • OKLAHOMA 165

MORE ON OKLAHOMA ...

MENTS, CONT’D...

Safety

999:

ArtBiological SciencesBlind/Visual ImpairmentBusiness EducationChemistryDeaf/Hard of HearingDriver/Safety EducationEarly Childhood EducationEarth ScienceElementary EducationEnglishFamily and Consumer SciencesFrenchGermanInstrumental/General MusicJournalismLatinMarketing Education

Middle Level EnglishMiddle Level/Intermediate MathematicsMiddle Level ScienceMiddle Level Social StudiesMild-Moderate DisabilitiesPhysical Education/Health/SafetyPhysical SciencePhysicsPsychology/SociologyRussianSevere-Profound/Multiple DisabilitiesSpanishSpeech/Drama/DebateTechnology EducationUS History/OK History/Government/EconomicsVocal/General MusicWorld History/Geography

hing Candidates Passing State Required Assessments, by Teacher Preparation Program

nstitutions with programs)

Bartlesville

Weslyan College

Cameron

University

East Central

University

Langston

University

Mid-America

Bible College

Northeastern

State University

Northwestern

Oklahoma State

University

Oklahoma

Baptist University

Oklahoma

Christian

University of

Science & Arts

Oklahoma City

University

for 

T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R

46 78 13 289 75 17 650 85 6 112 61 21 16 63 20 1142 83 9 229 86 5 127 88 3 77 73 18 38 76 15
166

Oklahoma

Panhandle State

University

Oklahoma State

University

Oral Roberts

University

Phillips

University

Southeastern

Oklahoma State

University

Southern

Nazarene

University

Southwestern

Oklahoma State

University

University of

Central

Okl

h

CEOE = Certification Examinations for Oklahoma Educators T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

University of

Tulsa

CEOE = Certification Examinations forOklahoma EducatorsT = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R

CEOE: Subject Matter Exams 95 71 19 805 81 11 103 89 2 28 93 1 619 76 16 121 79 12 493 81 10 1116 84 

CEOE: Subject Matter Exams 107 83 8

OKLAHOMA, cont’d.

Profiles • OKLAHOMA

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequiThe state of Oklahoma allows the issuance of Emergency Certificates in situations in which the district superintendent documenteachers and the effort made to employ such a teacher. A teacher already certified in another subject can be issued an Emergency 

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 47,655 * *Total # of teachers with waivers 281 146 95% of teachers with waivers 0.6 NA NA

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe Oklahoma Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the timeof the initial questionnaire.

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers.* Data not reported.NA = Not Applicable
Profiles • OREGON 

OREGON http://w

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved as of 1996. The standards apply to all fields. There are specific standards for the following fand Middle Grades Education.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,along with completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ The post-baccalaureate program or

course work in professional education,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program.

■ In addition, an individual must undergo

a fingerprint check or police recordexamination, have knowledge of stateand federal laws prohibitingdiscrimination and possess an approvedfirst-aid card.

Assessments Offered:ETS Praxis, NES, and CBESTBasic Skills Exams (9)Pre-Professional Skills Tests (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Computer-Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

California Basic Educational Skills Test (CBEST):

Reading, Writing, and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge Exams (1)Professional KnowledgeSubject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (54)

AgricultureArt Education: Content Knowledge, Content,

Traditions, Criticism & Aesthetics, and ArtMaking

Biology: Content Essays and Content Knowledge,

Parts 1 & 2

Business EducationChemistry: Content Essays and Content

Knowledge

Chemistry, Physics & General ScienceCommunication DisordersEarly Childhood Education: Elementary

Certification

Early Intervention/Special EducationEducation of Students with Mental Retardation

English Language, 

Content Knowle

French: Content K

Language

General Science: C

Knowledge, Part

German: Content 

Language

Health EducationHearing ImpairedEducation of Deaf Home Economics Mathematics: Con

Proofs, Models & 

Middle School MaMultiple Subjects A

(MSAT): ContenExercises, and C

Music: Analysis, C

Concepts & Proc

Physical Education

Movement FormEvaluation

Physics: Content ESocial Studies: Ana

Knowledge, and 

Spanish: Content K

Language Skills

SPECIFIC REQUIRE
168 Profiles • OREGON

OREGON, cont’d.

SPECIFIC REQUIRED ASSESSMENTS, CONT’D...Special Education: Preschool/Early Childhood,

Application of Core Principles Across

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher PreThe Oregon Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the time of the initial questionnaire.State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirThe state of Oregon created a Transitional Teaching License as an alternative entry into the teaching profession. While teaching uindividual must meet all requirements for the Initial Teaching License by the expiration date. The Limited Teaching License was specialized, short duration teaching assignments. The Limited Teaching Licenses may be renewed without meeting requirements License, but the passage of basic skills tests is required.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 28,799 5,465 23,334Total # of teachers with waivers 302 73 216% of teachers with waivers 1.1 1.3 0.9

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with Waivers

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers.

Secondary (2.8%)Secondary Music (3.9%)

Secondary Special Education (6.3%)Secondary Foreign Language (12.9%)

Other (2.1%)

Categories of Disability, and Knowledge-BasedCore Principles

Vision Impaired

Technology Education
Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA 

PENNSYLVANIA http://www.pde.psu.edu/cert

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved as of 1984. The standards apply to all fields. There are also specific standards for the follow

Arts, Mathematics, Social Studies, Science, Arts, Foreign Language, and Elementary Education.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area, and

the completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis.

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which Pennsylvania has areciprocity agreement.

■ In addition, an individual must pass a

state-prescribed assessment and haveU.S. citizenship status.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (4)Computer-Based Test (CBT): Reading and

Writing (Vocational Education only)

Core Battery: General Knowledge and

Communication Skills

Professional Knowledge Exams (2)Principles of Learning and Teaching (PLT):

Grades K-6 or 7-12

Subject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (39)

AccountingAgricultureArt: Content KnowledgeBiology & General ScienceBiology: Content Knowledge, Parts 1 & 2Chemistry: Content KnowledgeChemistry, Physics & General ScienceCommunicationCooperative EducationData ProcessingEarly Childhood EducationEarth Science: Content KnowledgeEducation of Deaf & Hard of Hearing StudentsElementary Education: Curriculum, Instruction

& Assessment

English Language, Literature & Composition:

Content Knowledge

Environmental EdForeign LanguageFrench: Content KGerman: Content Health EducationHealth & Physical Home Economics MarketingMarketing EducatMathematics: ConMusic: Content KOffice TechnologyPhysicsReading SpecialistSafety/Driver EduSecretarialSocial Studies: CoSpanish: Content Special Education

Across Areas of Based Core Prin

Teaching Speech t

Impairments

Teaching Students Technology Educa
Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA

MORE ON PENNSYLVANIA ...

ng Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Preparation Program

itutions with programs)

Albright

College

Allegheny

College

Allentown

College of Saint

Francis De Sales

Alvernia

College

Beaver

College

Bloomsburg

University

Bryn Mawr

College

Bucknell

University

Cabrini

College

California

University of PA 

T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%R

35 100 1 15 100 1 18 100 1 50 98 34 112 93 62 428 98 36 42 100 1 158 91 70 302 92 6935 100 1 16 94 56 18 100 1 51 96 46 104 93 59 421 97 43 42 100 1 174 86 76 322 92 63

16 94 20 36 100 1 85 93 27 284 90 40 28 100 1 101 87 46 169 85 53

14 100 1 17 100 1 12 100 1 23 91 63 107 98 38 12 100 1 11 91 64 112 89 66

12 100 1

13 92 1014 43 10
Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA 

PENNSYLVANIA, cont’d.

Albright

College

Allegheny

College

Allentown

College of Saint

Francis De Sales

Alvernia

College

Beaver

College

Bloomsburg

University

Bryn Mawr

College

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R TProportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

Early Childhood Education 14 93 24 56 100 1 Earth/Space Science Earth Science: Content KnowledgeEd. of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students 11 100 1Ed. of Students with Mental Retardation 28 96 16 92 95 21 Elem. Ed.: Curric., Instruction, and Assess. 16 88 42 44 84 53 60 85 51 199 90 38 25 Engl. Lang., Lit., and Comp.: Content Knowl. 13 100 1Environmental EducationForeign Language: Pedagogy 12 42 8German: Content KnowledgeHealth EducationHealth and Physical EducationMarketing EducationMathematics: Content Knowledge 12 67 13 Music: Content KnowledgeOffice Technology 18 83 1PhysicsReading Specialist 34 76 11 Safety Ed./Driver Ed.Social Studies: Content Knowledge 12 100 1 32 81 18 Spanish: Content Knowledge
172

BASIC SKILLSCBT: MathematicsCBT: ReadingCBT: WritingCommunication Skills 85 94 56 42 93 62 47 98 37 56 89 74 63 51 80 43 93 61 337 97 General Knowledge I 85 91 71 38 97 36 49 98 26 58 90 73 68 49 80 44 91 66 343 96 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEPLT: Grades K-6 51 80 62 22 86 50 30 90 39 24 96 10 27 63 69 22 82 59 220 90 PLT: Grades 7-12 25 100 1 13 92 58 13 100 1 12 100 1 89 97 

PENNSYLVANIA, cont’d.

Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA

Albright

College

Allegheny

College

Allentown

College of Saint

Francis De Sales

Alvernia

College

Beaver

College

Bloomsburg

University

Bryn Mawr

College

Bucknell

University

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

Carlow

College

Carnegie-Mellon

University

Cedar Crest

College

Chatham

College

Chesnut Hill

College

Cheyney

University

College

Misericordia

Clarion Univ. of

PA/Main

T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = RankCBT = Computer-Based TestingPLT = Principles of Learning and Teaching T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

Special Education: Application of CorePrinciples Across Area of DisabilitySpecial Education: Knowledge-BasedCore PrinciplesTeaching Students with Lang. Impairments Teaching Students with Visual ImpairmentsTechnology EducationVocational General Knowledge
Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA 

PENNSYLVANIA, cont’d.

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

Carlow

College

Carnegie-Mellon

University

Cedar Crest

College

Chatham

College

Chesnut Hill

College

Cheyney

University

College

Misericordia

Cl

i

U

i

f

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T

SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYAccountingAgricultureArt: Content Knowledge 18 94 7Biology and General ScienceBiology: Content Knowledge, Part 1Biology: Content Knowledge, Part 2Chemistry: Content KnowledgeChemistry, Physics, and General ScienceCommunicationCooperative EducationData ProcessingEarly Childhood Education 55 Earth/Space ScienceEarth Science: Content KnowledgeEd. of Deaf and Hard of Hearing StudentsEd. of Students with Mental Retardation 15 100 1 67 Elem. Ed.: Curric., Instruction, and Assess. 35 86 49 23 83 55 33 91 36 30 93 30 45 42 69 22 77 63 149 Engl. Lang., Lit., and Comp.: Content Knowl. 15 Environmental EducationForeign Language: PedagogyGerman: Content Knowledge
174

PENNSYLVANIA, cont’d.

Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA

Carlow

College

Carnegie-Mellon

University

Cedar Crest

College

Chatham

College

Chesnut Hill

College

Cheyney

University

College

Misericordia

Clarion Univ. of

PA/Main

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

Health EducationHealth and Physical EducationMarketing EducationMathematics: Content KnowledgeMusic: Content KnowledgeOffice TechnologyPhysicsReading SpecialistSafety Ed./Driver Ed.Social Studies: Content Knowledge 31 74 Spanish: Content KnowledgeSpecial Education: Application ofCore Principles Across Area of DisabilitySpecial Education: Knowledge-BasedCore PrinciplesTeaching Students with Lang. Impairments 12 100 Teaching Students with Visual ImpairmentsTechnology EducationVocational General Knowledge
BASIC SKILLSCBT: MathematicsCBT: ReadingCBT: WritingCommunication Skills 250 98 40 90 92 68 410 95 53 73 97 45 78 94 59 64 97 47 41 100 1 108 General Knowledge I 255 97 38 84 93 60 423 94 57 72 100 1 76 93 58 65 97 41 41 98 31 109 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEPLT: Grades K-6 117 94 19 52 83 58 206 84 54 44 93 25 43 84 55 37 86 48 19 95 15 77 PLT: Grades 7-12 74 95 53 15 87 68 83 88 67 23 100 1 24 92 60 20 100 1 20 100 1 27 SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYAccountingAgricultureArt: Content Knowledge 32 97 3Biology and General Science 12 100 1Biology: Content Knowledge, Part 1 13 100 1 18 100 1Biology: Content Knowledge, Part 2 13 92 4 16 75 9Chemistry: Content KnowledgeChemistry, Physics, and General ScienceCommunicationCooperative EducationData ProcessingEarly Childhood Education 36 100 1 17 100 1 14 

Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA

PENNSYLVANIA, cont’d.

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

Dusquesne

University

Eastern

College

Edinboro

University

Elizabethtown

College

Gannon

University

Geneva

College

Gettysburg

College

T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = RankCBT = Computer-Based TestingPLT = Principles of Learning and Teaching T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T
176

PENNSYLVANIA, cont’d.

Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

Dusquesne

University

Eastern

College

Edinboro

University

Elizabethtown

College

Gannon

University

Geneva

College

Gettysburg

College

Grove City

College

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

Earth/Space ScienceEarth Science: Content KnowledgeEd. of Deaf and Hard of Hearing StudentsEd. of Students with Mental Retardation 59 97 14 20 95 20 59 98 11 Elem. Ed.: Curric., Instruction, and Assess. 110 95 21 57 79 60 150 87 44 44 95 17 39 79 59 41 95 19 14 100 1 45 100 Engl. Lang., Lit., and Comp.: Content Knowl. 22 95 15 21 95 16Environmental EducationForeign Language: PedagogyGerman: Content KnowledgeHealth EducationHealth and Physical Education 31 100 1Marketing EducationMathematics: Content Knowledge 11 100 1 11 91 8Music: Content Knowledge 18 100 1 13 69 10 19 95 Office Technology PhysicsReading Specialist 36 89 6 23 61 16 Safety Ed./Driver Ed.Social Studies: Content Knowledge 36 83 15 17 88 14Spanish: Content KnowledgeSpecial Education: Application ofCore Principles Across Area of Disability
Special Education: Knowledge-BasedCore PrinciplesTeaching Students with Lang. ImpairmentsTeaching Students with Visual ImpairmentsTechnology EducationVocational General Knowledge

Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA

PENNSYLVANIA, cont’d.

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

Dusquesne

University

Eastern

College

Edinboro

University

Elizabethtown

College

Gannon

University

Geneva

College

Gettysburg

College

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T

Immaculata

College

Indiana

University

Juniata

College

King’s

College

Kutztown

University

La Salle

University

Lebanon Valley

College

T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = RankCBT = Computer-Based TestingPLT = Principles of Learning and Teaching T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T

BASIC SKILLSCBT: MathematicsCBT: Reading 14 100 1CBT: Writing 13 100 1Communication Skills 63 98 30 490 97 43 42 98 39 63 90 71 432 99 27 125 96 50 77 100 1 40 General Knowledge I 64 91 70 497 97 40 41 98 31 61 97 42 436 98 23 124 91 65 77 95 53 40 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEPLT: Grades K-6 43 86 51 290 91 36 13 92 30 32 91 37 259 92 31 61 89 44 52 90 38 21 PLT: Grades 7-12 17 94 56 160 94 55 12 92 60 18 100 1 109 99 37 45 98 39 21 100 1 17 
178

PENNSYLVANIA, cont’d.

Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

Immaculata

College

Indiana

University

Juniata

College

King’s

College

Kutztown

University

La Salle

University

Lebanon Valley

College

Lehigh

University

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYAccounting 16 100 1AgricultureArt: Content Knowledge 17 100 1 39 100 1Biology and General Science 13 100 1Biology: Content Knowledge, Part 1 14 100 1Biology: Content Knowledge, Part 2 13 100 1Chemistry: Content KnowledgeChemistry, Physics, and General ScienceCommunicationCooperative EducationData Processing 13 100 1Early Childhood Education 26 100 1 11 100 1 48 100 1 Earth/Space ScienceEarth Science: Content Knowledge 19 100 1 13 100 1Ed. of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students 13 100 1Ed. of Students with Mental Retardation 57 96 15 74 99 9 65 91 24 17 100 Elem. Ed.: Curric., Instruction, and Assess. 46 93 28 187 96 15 16 81 58 43 86 47 229 93 32 52 96 12 37 92 35 11 100 Engl. Lang., Lit., and Comp.: Content Knowl. 21 100 1 22 100 1 16 100 1Environmental EducationForeign Language: Pedagogy 12 50 7German: Content Knowledge
Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA 

PENNSYLVANIA, cont’d.

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

Immaculata

College

Indiana

University

Juniata

College

King’s

College

Kutztown

University

La Salle

University

Lebanon Valley

College

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T

Health EducationHealth and Physical Education 32 97 6 Marketing EducationMathematics: Content Knowledge 16 100 1 18 89 9Music: Content Knowledge 24 100 1 12 83 8Office Technology 23 78 2PhysicsReading Specialist 20 90 5 Safety Ed./Driver Ed. 11 100 1 Social Studies: Content Knowledge 27 81 17 11 100 1 31 81 20 16 81 18 Spanish: Content KnowledgeSpecial Education: Application ofCore Principles Across Area of DisabilitySpecial Education: Knowledge-BasedCore PrinciplesTeaching Students with Lang. Impairments 12 100 1 14 100 1Teaching Students with Visual Impairments 11 100 1Technology EducationVocational General Knowledge 11 100 1
180

BASIC SKILLSCBT: MathematicsCBT: ReadingCBT: WritingCommunication Skills 53 100 1 136 98 38 135 95 54 92 96 51 98 99 25 490 98 35 16 88 76 68 99 General Knowledge I 53 100 1 138 98 28 118 97 33 96 92 64 98 98 26 481 98 24 16 81 78 70 96 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEPLT: Grades K-6 32 81 61 83 86 52 82 96 11 47 77 65 64 88 45 296 92 32 16 81 61 42 83 PLT: Grades 7-12 19 100 1 42 100 1 23 100 1 20 100 1 31 100 1 165 97 47 30 97 SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYAccountingAgricultureArt: Content Knowledge 27 96 4 17 88 8Biology and General Science 12 100 1Biology: Content Knowledge, Part 1 16 100 1Biology: Content Knowledge, Part 2 15 80 6Chemistry: Content KnowledgeChemistry, Physics, and General ScienceCommunicationCooperative EducationData ProcessingEarly Childhood Education 20 100 1 15 100 1 15 100 1 52 100 1

PENNSYLVANIA, cont’d.

Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

Lycoming

College

Mansfield

University

Marywood

University

Mercyhurst

College

Messiah

College

Millersville

Univ. of PA

Moore Coll. of

Arts & Design

Moravian

College

T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = RankCBT = Computer-Based TestingPLT = Principles of Learning and Teaching T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%
Earth/Space ScienceEarth Science: Content Knowledge 14 100 1Ed. of Deaf and Hard of Hearing StudentsEd. of Students with Mental Retardation 27 100 1 50 98 12 30 90 25 125 98 10Elem. Ed.: Curric., Instruction, and Assess. 36 86 46 61 93 29 77 92 33 33 73 66 44 100 1 251 97 8 35 Engl. Lang., Lit., and Comp.: Content Knowl. 24 100 1Environmental EducationForeign Language: Pedagogy 22 77 2German: Content KnowledgeHealth EducationHealth and Physical EducationMarketing EducationMathematics: Content Knowledge 17 100 1Music: Content Knowledge 11 82 9Office TechnologyPhysicsReading Specialist 14 71 12 21 90 4Safety Ed./Driver Ed.Social Studies: Content Knowledge 13 92 10 45 82 16Spanish: Content KnowledgeSpecial Education: Application ofCore Principles Across Area of Disability

PENNSYLVANIA, cont’d.

Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

Lycoming

College

Mansfield

University

Marywood

University

Mercyhurst

College

Messiah

College

Millersville

Univ. of PA

Moore Coll. of

Arts & Design

M

i

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T
182

BASIC SKILLSCBT: MathematicsCBT: Reading 22 100 1CBT: Writing 15 100 1 21 100 1Communication Skills 35 100 1 52 92 67 57 95 55 40 98 42 29 90 73 162 99 General Knowledge I 34 100 1 49 82 77 55 95 54 39 100 1 27 100 1 159 96 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEPLT: Grades K-6 21 95 12 27 78 64 38 95 15 11 82 59 75 92 PLT: Grades 7-12 14 93 57 55 95 54 52 96 SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYAccounting 16 100 1

Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA

PENNSYLVANIA, cont’d.

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

Lycoming

College

Mansfield

University

Marywood

University

Mercyhurst

College

Messiah

College

Millersville

Univ. of PA

Moore Coll. of

Arts & Design

Moravian

College

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

Special Education: Knowledge-BasedCore PrinciplesTeaching Students with Lang. ImpairmentsTeaching Students with Visual ImpairmentsTechnology Education 30 87 1Vocational General Knowledge

Pennsylvania

College of Opt.

Philadelphia

Coll. of Bible

Point Park

College

PSU/

Main

Robert Morris

College

Rosemont

College

Saint Francis

College

Saint Joseph’s

University

T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = RankCBT = Computer-Based TestingPLT = Principles of Learning and Teaching T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%
Agriculture 11 100 1Art: Content Knowledge 22 95 5Biology and General Science 16 100 1Biology: Content Knowledge, Part 1 18 100 1Biology: Content Knowledge, Part 2 18 89 5Chemistry: Content KnowledgeChemistry, Physics, and General ScienceCommunication 43 100 1Cooperative Education 25 100 1Data Processing 15 100 1Early Childhood EducationEarth/Space ScienceEarth Science: Content Knowledge 36 100 1Ed. of Deaf and Hard of Hearing StudentsEd. of Students with Mental Retardation 62 100 1 44 Elem. Ed.: Curric., Instruction, and Assess. 22 82 56 32 72 67 45 89 39 14 86 49 80 Engl. Lang., Lit., and Comp.: Content Knowl. 18 Environmental EducationForeign Language: Pedagogy 16 75 4German: Content KnowledgeHealth EducationHealth and Physical Education 26 88 7

PENNSYLVANIA, cont’d.

Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

Pennsylvania

College of Opt.

Philadelphia

Coll. of Bible

Point Park

College

PSU/

Main

Robert Morris

College

Rosemont

College

Saint Francis

College

S

i

J

h’

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T
184 Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA

PENNSYLVANIA, cont’d.

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

Marketing EducationMathematics: Content Knowledge 56 98 6Music: Content Knowledge 28 100 1Office Technology 16 44 5PhysicsReading Specialist 12 92 3 25 68 Safety Ed./Driver Ed.Social Studies: Content Knowledge 14 93 Spanish: Content KnowledgeSpecial Education: Application ofCore Principles Across Area of DisabilitySpecial Education: Knowledge-BasedCore PrinciplesTeaching Students with Lang. ImpairmentsTeaching Students with Visual ImpairmentsTechnology EducationVocational General Knowledge 20 100 1

Pennsylvania

College of Opt.

Philadelphia

Coll. of Bible

Point Park

College

PSU/

Main

Robert Morris

College

Rosemont

College

Saint Francis

College

Saint Joseph’s

University

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%
PENNSYLVANIA, cont’d.

Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

Shippensburg

Univ. of PA

Slippery Rock

Univ. of PA

Susquehanna

University

Swarthmore

College

Temple

University/Main

Thiel

College

University

of PA

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = RankCBT = Computer-Based TestingPLT = Principles of Learning and Teaching T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T

BASIC SKILLSCBT: MathematicsCBT: Reading 19 100 1CBT: Writing 20 100 1Communication Skills 309 99 21 429 94 57 74 100 1 19 100 1 471 93 60 12 83 77 101 97 46 256 General Knowledge I 298 99 17 373 94 55 76 100 1 20 100 1 489 90 72 13 92 62 98 99 18 255 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEPLT: Grades K-6 116 95 15 246 94 21 25 92 33 295 83 57 60 100 1 137 PLT: Grades 7-12 85 98 41 74 100 1 34 100 1 12 100 1 131 92 62 37 97 45 113 SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYAccounting 25 100 1 *AgricultureArt: Content Knowledge Biology and General Science 11 Biology: Content Knowledge, Part 1 11 100 1 12 Biology: Content Knowledge, Part 2 15 80 6 11 Chemistry: Content Knowledge 11 Chemistry, Physics, and General ScienceCommunication *Cooperative Education 13 77 2Data Processing 21 100 1Early Childhood Education 36 100 1 36 100 1 102 96 19 *
186 Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA

PENNSYLVANIA, cont’d.

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

Shippensburg

Univ. of PA

Slippery Rock

Univ. of PA

Susquehanna

University

Swarthmore

College

Temple

University/Main

Thiel

College

University

of PA

University of

PGH/Main

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%

Earth/Space Science 11 91 1Earth Science: Content Knowledge 14 100 1 16 100 1 15 100 Ed. of Deaf and Hard of Hearing StudentsEd. of Students with Mental Retardation 39 100 1 110 95 22 38 89 26 28 100 Elem. Ed.: Curric., Instruction, and Assess. 111 97 7 211 94 22 23 96 16 215 77 64 48 96 14 90 94 Engl. Lang., Lit., and Comp.: Content Knowl. 17 100 1 25 96 14 30 90 19 12 100 1 23 87 Environmental EducationForeign Language: Pedagogy 12 58 6 13 38 9 13 77 3 15 93 German: Content KnowledgeHealth EducationHealth and Physical Education 42 98 4 13 85 8Marketing Education 21 100 1Mathematics: Content Knowledge 17 88 10 25 76 12 18 100 Music: Content Knowledge 12 100 1 15 93 7Office Technology 22 73 3 *PhysicsReading Specialist 23 96 2 30 77 10 11 100 1 32 88 Safety Ed./Driver Ed.Social Studies: Content Knowledge 22 91 12 25 100 1 30 93 8 18 94 7 26 96 Spanish: Content KnowledgeSpecial Education: Application ofCore Principles Across Area of Disability
BASIC SKILLSCBT: MathematicsCBT: ReadingCBT: WritingCommunication Skills 27 96 49 39 100 1 16 100 1 45 89 75 575 99 22 108 99 24 98 93 62 60 General Knowledge I 25 100 1 42 98 30 16 100 1 48 90 74 595 96 48 110 98 22 99 91 66 61 PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEPLT: Grades K-6 19 74 67 336 89 43 58 97 8 50 78 63 37 PLT: Grades 7-12 13 100 1 31 100 1 12 100 1 13 92 58 135 98 39 34 100 1 36 97 46 21 SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYAccounting

PENNSYLVANIA, cont’d.

Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

Shippensburg

Univ. of PA

Slippery Rock

Univ. of PA

Susquehanna

University

Swarthmore

College

Temple

University/Main

Thiel

College

University

of PA

T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T

Special Education: Knowledge-BasedCore PrinciplesTeaching Students with Lang. Impairments 22 100 1Teaching Students with Visual ImpairmentsTechnology EducationVocational General Knowledge

Ursinus

College

Villanova

University

Washington and

Jefferson College

Waynesburg

College

West Chester

Univ. of PA

Westminster

College

Widener

University

Wilk

T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = RankCBT = Computer-Based TestingPLT = Principles of Learning and Teaching T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T
188

AgricultureArt: Content KnowledgeBiology and General Science 17 100 1Biology: Content Knowledge, Part 1 18 100 1Biology: Content Knowledge, Part 2 17 100 1Chemistry: Content KnowledgeChemistry, Physics, and General ScienceCommunicationCooperative EducationData ProcessingEarly Childhood Education 22 100 1Earth/Space ScienceEarth Science: Content Knowledge 11 100 1Ed. of Deaf and Hard of Hearing StudentsEd. of Students with Mental Retardation 80 99 8Elem. Ed.: Curric., Instruction, and Assess. 20 70 68 171 94 27 59 98 6 43 81 57 24 88 Engl. Lang., Lit., and Comp.: Content Knowl. 20 100 1 13 100 1 Environmental EducationForeign Language: Pedagogy 15 60 5German: Content KnowledgeHealth EducationHealth and Physical Education 54 98 3

Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA

PENNSYLVANIA, cont’d.

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Pro

Ursinus

College

Villanova

University

Washington and

Jefferson College

Waynesburg

College

West Chester

Univ. of PA

Westminster

College

Widener

University

Wilkes

University

T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%
PENNSYLVANIA, cont’d.

Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation 

Ursinus

College

Villanova

University

Washington and

Jefferson College

Waynesburg

College

West Chester

Univ. of PA

Westminster

College

Widener

University

T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T

Marketing EducationMathematics: Content Knowledge 17 94 7Music: Content Knowledge 54 94 6Office TechnologyPhysicsReading SpecialistSafety Ed./Driver Ed.Social Studies: Content Knowledge 11 45 26 46 91 11 12 58 24 Spanish: Content KnowledgeSpecial Education: Application ofCore Principles Across Area of DisabilitySpecial Education: Knowledge-BasedCore PrinciplesTeaching Students with Lang. ImpairmentsTeaching Students with Visual ImpairmentsTechnology EducationVocational General Knowledge
190 Profiles • PENNSYLVANIA

PENNSYLVANIA, cont’d.

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirThe state of Pennsylvania issues the Emergency Certificate to a person to fill a vacancy, obligating the certificate holder to complcredit hours in the certification area to renew the certificate for an additional year. The state also issues long-term certificates witobligation, but does not guarantee the holder employment the following year.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 109,156 27,815 81,341Total # of teachers with waivers 1,795 1,144 651% of teachers with waivers 1.6 4.1 0.8

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe Pennsylvania Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at thetime of the initial questionnaire.

Note: The total includes the total number of teachers currently employed (currently teaching) in Pennsylvania, not those currently certifi
Profiles • RHODE ISLAND 

RHODE ISLAND

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved as of June 1998. The standards apply to all fields. The standards are based on INTASC stan

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, with specific credit-hourrequirements for general andprofessional education course work andstudent teaching.1

1 The student teaching requirement can be waived for individuals who can document 2 years of teaching experience at

the grade level for which certification is sought.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (2)Core Battery: General Knowledge and

Communication Skills

Professional Knowledge Exams (1)Core Battery: Professional KnowledgeSubject Matter and Pedagogy ExamsNone Required
Profiles • RHODE ISLAND

ng Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Preparation Program

tutions with programs)

Brown

University

Johnson & Wales

University

Providence

College

Rhode Island

College

Rhode Island

School of Design

Roger Williams

University

Salve Regina

University

University of

Rhode Island 

T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%R

41 98 2 21 71 5 199 82 3 565 60 6 10 100 1 55 60 6 77 48 8 263 77 4

43 100 1 21 81 5 205 91 3 551 73 6 12 100 1 64 64 7 68 44 8 259 85 4

EDGE*

42 100 1 13 92 4 177 94 3 429 88 6 13 100 1 43 88 6 31 81 8 192 92 4

ll test takers for the testing period indicated. Some test takers took the exam or part of the exam as an admission requirement to the institution of higher education and not

tificate.

MORE ON RHODE ISLAND ...
State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequThe state of Rhode Island gives a 1-year Emergency Certificate to an individual when the services of a fully certified candidaEmergency Certificate may be renewed if the individual has had a successful teaching experience verified by the local appointcompleted six semester hours of college credits required for Provisional Certification in the area in which Emergency CertificThe student teaching requirement can be waived for individuals who can document 2 years of teaching experience at the gradis sought.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 11,067 2,684 8,916Total # of teachers with waivers 150 142 8% of teachers with waivers 1.4 5.3 0.1

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Distric

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers.

Profiles • RHODE ISLAND

RHODE ISLAND, cont’d.

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with Waivers

Biology (3.9%)Chemistry (4.2%)English as a Second Language (42.5%)

Mathematics (1.8%)Physics (1.6%)Science (8.1%)

Spanish (2.8%)
194 Profiles • SOUTH CAROLINA

MO

SOUTH CAROLINA http://www.state.sc.us/sde/ed

Teacher StandardsNo information.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area, and

completion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area and

fulfillment of specific credit-hourrequirements for general andprofessional education course work; or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis; or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which South Carolina has areciprocity agreement or have passed astate-prescribed assessment.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic SkillsNone RequiredProfessional Knowledge Exams (4)Principles of Learning and Teaching (PLT):

Grades K-6, 5-9, or 7-12

Core Battery: Professional KnowledgeSubject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (25)

Art EducationBiology & General ScienceBusiness EducationChemistry, Physics & General ScienceEarly Childhood EducationEducation in the Elementary SchoolsEducation of Students with Mental RetardationEnglish Language & LiteratureFrenchHealth EducationHome Economics EducationIntroduction to the Teaching of ReadingMarketing EducationMathematicsMusic EducationPhysical Education

■ In addition, an individual must undergo a

fingerprint check and police recordexamination.

PsychologySpanishSpecial Education: Kn

Principles

Social StudiesTeaching Students wit

Learning DisabilitieVisual Impairments

Technology Education
195

nt’d.

Profiles • SOUTH CAROLINA

MORE ON SOUTH CAROLINA ...

hing Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Preparation Program

nstitutions with programs)

Anderson

College

Benedict

College

Bob Jones

University

Charleston

Southern Univ.

Claflin

College

Clemson

University

Coastal Carolina

University

Coker

College

College of

Charleston 

and Teaching T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%R

GE

Knowledge 75 27 81 25 100 1 97 16 61 29 99 8 94 19 97 15 100 7

100 1

GOGY

e 15 8 74 2

neral Science 60 1

100 1 100 1 98 8 100 1

y School 92 10 42 24 95 6 88 14 35 25 97 4 74 21 85 18 90 12

 Retardation 100 1 76 3

ature 38 9 95 3 84 5 80 8

n

g of Reading

48 3 46 4 64 2
Profiles • SOUTH CAROLINA

MORE ON SOUTH CAROLINA ...

d.

ndidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Program, cont’d.

Anderson

College

Benedict

College

Bob Jones

University

Charleston

Southern Univ.

Claflin

College

Clemson

University

Coastal Carolina

University

Coker

College

College of

Charleston 

T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%R

100 1

80 1 45 12 76 3 64 7

61 2

sed

78 1 70 2

Disturbance 67 2 71 1

sabilities 49 9 59 3

Impairments

pairments

100 1

73 3 50 5

Columbia

College

Columbia

International

Univ.

Converse

College

Erskine

College

Francis Marion

University

Furman

University

Lander

University

Limestone

College

Morris

College

Newberry

College

T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%R

90 22 100 1 97 12 100 1 93 20 100 1 97 17 86 24 71 28 97 14
197

nt’d.

Profiles • SOUTH CAROLINA

MORE ON SOUTH CAROLINA ...

g Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Program, cont’d.

Columbia

College

Columbia

International

Univ.

Converse

College

Erskine

College

Francis Marion

University

Furman

University

Lander

University

Limestone

College

Morris

College

Newberry

College 

T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R

30 6

ence

97 11 100 1 100 1 95 12 100 1 100 1

87 16 83 19 91 11 87 15 100 1 94 9 60 22 94 8

tion 75 4

100 1

ding

33 6

100 1

62 8 69 4 54 11

60 3

d

14 5 38 4

turbance

bilities 56 4 56 5 61 2 54 6
ments

ts

91 2

Profiles • SOUTH CAROLINA

MORE ON SOUTH CAROLINA ...

d.

Columbia

College

Columbia

International

Univ.

Converse

College

Erskine

College

Francis Marion

University

Furman

University

Lander

University

Limestone

College

Morris

College

Newberry

College 

T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%R

ndidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Program, cont’d.

89 23 100 1 75 26 91 21 97 18 99 8 98 11 98 10 43 30 97 13

88 1

90 1 25 7 74 3 67 4 33 5

45 3 96 1 70 2

47 2

68 16 92 15 97 10 94 13 93 14 98 9

North Greenville

College

Presbyterian

College

SC State

University

Southern

Wesleyan College

The

Citadel

USCColumbia

USCAiken

USCSpartanburg

Voorhees

College

Winthrop

University 

T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%R
Profiles • SOUTH CAROLINA 199

MORE ON SOUTH CAROLINA ...

nt’d.

g Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Program, cont’d.

North Greenville

College

Presbyterian

College

SC State

University

Southern

Wesleyan College

The

Citadel

USCColumbia

USCAiken

USCSpartanburg

Voorhees

College

Winthrop

University 

T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R

75 20 100 1 50 23 88 13 86 17 97 3 96 5 95 7

tion 13 6 71 5 90 2

36 10 100 1 83 6 82 7 93 4

31 1

ding 100 1

11 7 44 5 70 1

81 3

19 13 64 6 77 2 67 5 62 8 60 10

88 1

d

66 3

turbance

bilities 10 11 36 10 73 1 49 8 50 7

pairments

ments

9 6 64 4 100 1
Profiles • SOUTH CAROLINA

MORE ON SOUTH CAROLINA ...

d.

ndidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, by Teacher Preparation Program, cont’d.

Wofford

College

ook Test

ercent Passing

ank

 Principles of Learning and Teaching T%R

Wofford

College T = Took Test % = Percent Passing

R = Rank T%R

FESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE

e Battery: Professional Knowledge 100 1

 Grades K-6 Grades 5-9

 Grades 7-12

JECT MATTER & PEDAGOGY

Education

ogy and General Science

ness Education

mistry, Physics, and General Science

y Childhood Education

cation in the Elementary School

of Students with Mental Retardation

ish Language and Literature

ch

lth Education

Home Economics EducationIntroduction to the Teaching of ReadingMarketing EducationMathematicsMusic EducationSocial StudiesSpanishSpecial Education: Knowledge-basedCore PrinciplesTeach. Students with Emotional DisturbanceTeach. Students with Learning DisabilitiesTeach. Students with Orthopedic ImpairmentsTeach. Students with Visual ImpairmentsTechnology EducationPhysical EducationPsychology
State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure ReqThe state of South Carolina issues an Out-of-Field Permit upon the request of a district to teachers seeking certification outsorder to be eligible for the Out-of-Field Permit, the individual must have completed 12 semester hours of course work in the seeking certification.

Profiles • SOUTH CAROLINA

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 42,650 27,111 14,951Total # of teachers 766 615 151% of teachers with waivers 1.8 2.3 1.0

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty District

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe South Carolina Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at ttime of the initial questionnaire.

Waiver totals include full and part-time teachers for 1997-98.

SOUTH CAROLINA, cont’d.
202 Profiles • SOUTH DAKOTA

SOUTH DAKOTA http://www.state.sd.us/state/executive/dec

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved as of the summer of 1998, to become effective September 1, 2000. The standards apply to the fLanguage Arts, Mathematics, Social Studies, Science, Arts, Foreign Languages, Vocational Education, Health, Physical EducationEarly Childhood Education, Elementary Education, Middle Grades Education, and Special Education. The standards are based o

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a certifiable major

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

which has signed the MINKSAOagreement (MI, IA, NE, KS, SD, AK,OK) to issue a 2-year reciprocalcertificate.

■ In addition, candidates must sign a

notarized citizenship statement and averification that they have not beenconvicted of any crime involving moralturpitude, including traffic in narcotics,and for a 5-year renewable certificate,complete course requirements includingthree semester hours each of HumanRelations and South Dakota IndianStudies.

Assessments OfferedSouth Dakota does not require any assessments.Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing-State Assessments, by Teacher Preparation ProgramSouth Dakota does not require assessments, therefore, no program reports are avaState Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Licensure RequirementsSouth Dakota offers the following options for districts/schools to hire indivhold a regular teacher certificate: Alternative Certification, Long-Term SubIn addition, individuals who hold a regular teacher certificate may also recefield on an Authority to Act while pursuing the necessary requirements for tWaiver Rates

Total # of teachers 8,643 1,729 Total # of teachers with waivers 295 105 % of teachers with waivers 3.4 6.1 

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts 

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Tea

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers and long-term substitute teachers.

Art (12.1%)Computer Science (11.8%)Foreign Language (7.7%)

Health (7.5%)Pre-K (40%)Science (10.4%)

Social TalentVocati
Profiles • TENNESSEE 

TENNESSEE http://www.state.tn.us/e

Teacher StandardsNo information.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which Tennessee has a reciprocityagreement.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (6)Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Computer-Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge Exams (2)Principles of Learning & Teaching (PLT): Grades

K-6 or 7-12

Subject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (57)

AgricultureArt EducationBasic Business/

Accounting

BiologyBiology: Content

Knowledge,Pedagogy, andContent Essays

Chemistry: Content

Knowledge andContent Essays

Early Childhood

Education

Earth ScienceEconomicsEducation in

Elementary Schools

Elementary Education:

Content Area

Exercises andCurriculum,Instruction &Assessment

English Language &

Literature

English Language,

Literature &Composition:Content Knowledge,Content Essays, andPedagogy

FrenchFrench: Content

Knowledge andProductive LanguageSkills

General Science:

Content Essays, andContent Knowledge, 

Parts 1 & 2

GeographyGermanGovernmentHealth EducationHistoryHome EconomicsLatinMarketingMathematics: Con

Knowledge andPedagogy

Middle Grades

Education

Music: Content

Knowledge andConcepts &Processes

Music EducationOffice TechnologyPhysical Education

Content Knowleand Movement
Profiles • TENNESSEE

ng Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Preparation Program

itutions with programs)

MORE ON TENNESSEE ...

Austin-Peay

State University

Aquinas

College

Belmont

University

Bethel

College

Bryan

College

Carson-Newman

College

Crichton

University

Cumberland

University

David Lipscomb

University

East TN

University

T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%R

86 95 17 10 90 26 26 96 15 26 77 30 14 100 1 94 96 16 * 15 80 29 46 98 13 120 93 23

Fisk

University

Free Will Baptist

Bible College

Freed-Hardeman

University

Johnson Bible

College

King

College

Lambuth

University

Lee

College

Middle TN

State University

Lincoln

Memorial Univ.

Martin

Methodist

T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%R

Maryville

College

Milligan

College

Rhodes

College

Southern

Adventist

University

TN State

University

TN Technical

University

Tennessee

Temple University

TN Wesleyan

University

University of

Memphis

Trevecca

Nazarene

University

T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%R

Tusculum

College

University

of South

Union

University

Vanderbilt

University

University of

TN-Knoxville

University of

TN-Chattanooga

University of

TN-Martin

icates less than 10 test 

nt offered. 

g

T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%R

13 100 1 43 100 1 * * * 35 94 20 290 98 12 48 100 1 17 88 27

19 95 19 14 100 1 * 12 100 1 54 96 14 256 95 18 16 94 21 26 85 28 211 92 24 14 93 22

 Battery (also NTE) 13 100 1 * 77 99 11 28 100 1 65 100 1 105 91 25 123 99 10
Profiles • TENNESSEE 

TENNESSEE, cont’d.

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, Ranked By Teacher Prep

All Institutions * = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent Passing

R = Rank T %

SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYAgriculture *Art Education 16 100Biology: Content Knowledge, Part 1 25 100Biology: Pedagogy 24 100Biology: Content Essays 22 100BiologyBusiness Education *Chemistry: Content Knowledge *Chemistry: Content EssaysEarly Childhood Education 127 99Earth Science: Content Knowledge *Economics 7 71Ed. In Elementary School 638 99Elementary Education: Content Area ExercisesElem. Ed.: Curric., Instruction, and Assess.English Language, Literature, andComposition: Content Knowledge 53 83Engl. Lang., Lit, and Comp.: Essays 52 98Engl. Lang., Lit, and Comp.: Pedagogy 50 100English Language & Literature

All Institutions * = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent Passing

R = Rank T %

* = An asterisk indicates letakers per assessment offerT = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank 

French *French: Content KnowledgeFrench: Productive Language SkillsGeneral Science: Content Essays *General Science: Content Knowledge, Part 1 *General Science: Content Knowledge, Part 2 14 93German: Content KnowledgeGeography 12 100Government/Political 19 100Health Education 25 100Home Economics Education *LatinMarketing Education *Mathematics: Pedagogy 43 100Mathematics: Content Knowledge 44 80Music Education 51 100Music: Concepts and ProcessesMusic: Content KnowledgeOffice Technology *Physical Education

Physical Science: ContenPhysical Science: PedagoPhysical Education: ContPhys. Ed.: Movement ForPsychologySocial Studies Sociology Spanish: Content KnowlSpanish: Productive LangSpecial Education Special Education: PreschEarly Childhood EducatiSpecial Education: Deaf aHearing StudentsSpeech Communication Teaching Students with VTechnology Education Theatre World and US History 
206 Profiles • TENNESSEE

TENNESSEE, cont’d.

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirA description of waiver categories was not provided.

Waiver Rates

# of teachers 51,030 19,480 31,550# of teachers with waivers 903 518 385% of teachers with waivers 1.8 2.7 1.2

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe Tennessee Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the time ofthe initial questionnaire.

Waiver totals include full-time teachers
TEXAS ht

Profiles • TEXAS

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved as of spring 1994. The standards apply to all fields and are based on INTASC standards.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution; successful completion of auniversity-prescribed assessment ofreading, writing, mathematics, andcritical thinking; and completion of astate-approved teacher preparationprogram; or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work from an accredited institution inprofessional education resulting ineither a master’s degree in teaching or astate certification; or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which Texas has a reciprocityagreement.

■ In addition, a candidate must undergo a

criminal history check.

Assessments Offered:Examination for theCertification of Educators inTexas (ExCET)Basic Skills ExamsNone Required*Professional Knowledge Exams (2)ElementarySecondarySubject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (58)

Elementary ComprehensiveArtAll-Level ArtAmerican Sign Language (ASL)Basic BusinessBilingual Elementary ComprehensiveBilingual EndorsementBiologyBrailleBusiness AdministrationBusiness CompositeChemistryComposite ScienceComposite Social StudiesDance

Early Childhood EEarth ScienceEconomicsEnglishEnglish as a SeconFrenchGeneric Special EdGeographyGermanGovernmentHealth EducationHistoryIndustrial TechnolJournalismLatinLearning ResourceLife/Earth ScienceMiddle School SciMarketing EducatiMathematicsMusicAll-Level MusicPhysical EducationAll-Level Physical Physical SciencePhysicsPsychologyReadingSecretarial BusinesSeverely EmotionaSeverely and Profo

* Although a Basic Skills assessment is required for admission to a teacher preparation program, 
Profiles • TEXAS

MORE ON TEXAS ...

NTS, CONT’D...

aired

Texas Assessment of Sign CommunicationTheater ArtsVisually ImpairedVocational Home EconomicsVocational Agriculture: Horticulture

Vocational Agriculture: ProductionTexas Oral Proficiency Test (TOPT) FrenchTexas Oral Proficiency Test (TOPT) Spanish

ng Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Preparation Program

itutions with programs)

n of

T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%R

92 53 91 60 100 1 96 33 93 50 88 69 94 44 91 61 97 13 92 54

n of

T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%R

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t Wo

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Har

din-Simmons

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Howar

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U

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Houston- Tillotston

College Jarvis Chr

istian

College

Lamar University

Letourneau University

n of

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96 27 97 23 100 1 96 26 97 16 97 17 99 8 98 11 97 22 92 55

97 15 86 72 92 57 96 32 96 24 84 77 83 78 44 86 89 65 95 35

rvice Center Region

A

bilene Christian University

Angelo State University Austin

College Baylor University

Concordia

Lutheran College

Dallas Baptist University

Dallas

ISD

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East Texas Baptist University Educ. Service

Center R

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209

Profiles • TEXAS

MORE ON TEXAS ...

g Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, Ranked By Teacher Preparation Program, cont’d.

Lubbock

Christian Univ.

McMurray

University

Midwestern

State University

Our Lady of the

Lake University

Pasadena

ISD

Paul Quinn

College

Prarie View

A&M University

Rice

University

Sam Houston

State University

Schreiner

College

cation of

T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R

Southern

Methodist Univ.

Southwest

Texas State Univ.

Southwestern

Adventist College

Southwestern

Assemblies of

God College

Southwestern

University

St. Edward’s

University

St. Mary’s

University

Stephen F. Austin

State University

Sul Ross State

Univ.-Alpine

Sul Ross State

Univ.-Uvalde 

cation of

T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R

Tarleton State

University

Texas A&M

Int’l. Univ.

Texas A&M

UniversityCollege Station

Texas A&M

Univ.-Commerce

Texas A&M

UniversityCorpus Christi

Texas A&M

UniversityKingsville

Texas A&M

UniversityTexarkana

Texas Christian

University

Texas

College

Texas Lutheran

College

cation of

T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R

Texas Southern

University

Texas Tech

University

Texas Wesleyan

University

Texas Woman’s

University

Trinity

University

University of

Dallas

University of

Houston

Univ. of

Houston-Clear

Lake

University of

HoustonDowntown

University of

HoustonVictoria 

cation of

T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R

90 63 90 62 96 25 90 64 99 6 56 85 84 76 100 1 95 39 89 68

92 58 94 42 78 82 93 52 100 1 95 36 97 20 93 46 85 74 79 81

95 40 87 71 97 14 93 51 93 47 84 75 94 45 97 18 71 84 89 6780 80 94 43 88 70 93 48 99 5 98 9 96 30 98 11 96 31 94 41
Profiles • TEXAS

MORE ON TEXAS ...

ndidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, Ranked By Teacher Preparation Program, cont’d.

Univ. of Mary

Hardin-Baylor

University of

North Texas

University of St.

Thomas

University of

Texas-Arlington

University of

Texas-Austin

Univ. of TexasBrownsville

University of

Texas-Dallas

University of

Texas-El Paso

Univ. of TexasPan American

Univ. of TexasPermian Basin 

n of

T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%R

Univ. of TexasSan Antonio

University of

Texas-Tyler

University of the

Incarnate Word

Wayland Baptist

University

West Texas

A&M University

Wiley

College

Test

t Passing

Examination for the Certification of

n Texas T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R

97 21 96 28 98 10 96 29 99 7 86 73 97 19 92 59 89 66 93 49

95 37 95 38 80 79 95 34 92 56 75 83
State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure ReqThe state of Texas issues Emergency Certificates to both certified teachers and non-certified individuals who meet minimum assignment. A certified educator may be serving outside their field or an uncertified individual may have met content course pedagogical requirements.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 240,951 * *Total # of teachers with waivers** 42,470 * *% of teachers with waivers 17.6 NA NA

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Distric

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with Waivers

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers employed during the 1996-97 school year.* Data not reported.NA = Not Applicable** The number of teachers with waivers are those who have been identified as “not holding a target certificate.” At the Secondary levTarget Certificate is a content area certificate for grade levels 6-12 such as Math, History, etc. Secondary data represent all assignments individual; therefore, a certified history teacher assigned to teach classes in both history and math is identified as “holding target certificathe history classes and “not holding target certificate” for the math classes.

ESL (30%)English Language Arts: Grades 7-8 (26.2%)Mathematics: Grades 7-8 (31.1%)Science: Grades 7-8 (27.2%)

Social Studies: Grades 7-8 (24.2%)Social Studies: Grades 9-12 (20.6%)Phys. Ed. & Health: Grades 7-8 (21.8%)Phys. Ed. & Health: Grades 9-12 (26.5%)

Foreign Language: Grades 7-8 (27.4%Foreign Language: Grades 9-12 (21.0%Technology Applications (75.1%)Career & Technology (41.6%)

TEXAS, cont’d.

Profiles • TEXAS
212 Profiles • UTAH

UTAH http://

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were initially approved in January 1992, and are continually updated. The standards apply to all fields.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which Utah has a reciprocityagreement.

■ In addition, a candidate must undergo

an FBI fingerprint check or policerecord investigation and presentverification of current teachingexperience or completion of courses intechnology, reading in the content area,and special education law.

Assessments OfferedUtah does not require assessments for teacher licensure or certification at this timProportion of Teaching Candidates Passing State-Assessments, by Teacher Preparation ProgramUtah does not require assessments at this time, therefore, no program reports are 
UTAH, cont’d.

Profiles • UTAH

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure ReqThe state of Utah offers various options that allow individuals who have not completed a certification program to teach, (1) Teaching Program allows individuals with a major or minor in the content area and more than 5 years experience in the field work over a 2-year period; (2) an Eminence Certificate is given to individuals qualified in special fields such as the arts and aperiods a day.Because Utah law requires teachers to be certified and endorsed in the content area of their assignment, school districts may for individuals not endorsed in their assigned content area. The Letter of Authorization is good for 1 year and may be renewecompletion of course work leading to the endorsement.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 23,177 260 22,917Total # of teachers with waivers 252 * *% of teachers with waivers 1.0 NA NA

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Distric

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe Utah Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the time of initial questionnaire.

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers* Data not reported.NA = Not Applicable
214 Profiles • VERMONT

VERMONT http://w

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were revised in August 1998. The standards apply to the Level I: Beginning Educator License and to all subjecTeachers who meet additional state standards are eligible for the Vermont Level II: Professional Educator License, the advanced c

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program.

■ In addition, candidates must undergo a

fingerprint check or show evidence of atleast 12 consecutive weeks of studentteaching, meet state Board specifiedknowledge and skills, and successfullycomplete a major, or its equivalent, inthe liberal arts and sciences.

Assessments OfferedVermont does not require assessments for teacher licensure or certification at this Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing State-Assessments, by Teacher Preparation ProgramVermont does not require assessments at this time, therefore, no program reports State Waiver Categories: Exceptions fromRegular Certification and Licensure RequirementsThe state of Vermont issues a waiver in cases where a local district is unable licensed or endorsed applicants after making all reasonable efforts to do so; endorsed applicant does not possess the qualities necessary for the specific ateaching candidate possesses outstanding compensating qualifications for thcertification requirements and when adequate on-site supervision is provideWaiver RatesThe Vermont Department of Education reported the requested data were not reathe initial questionnaire.
Profiles • VIRGINIA 

VIRGINIA http://www.pen.k12.va.us:80/VDOE

Teacher StandardsTeacher program standards were approved as of 1994, and new competencies for licensure were approved as of 1998. The sta

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which Virginia has a reciprocityagreement.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (6)Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Computer Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge ExamsNone RequiredSubject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (26)

Art Education (NK-12)BiologyBiology & General ScienceBusiness EducationChemistry/PhysicsChemistry, Physics & General ScienceEarly Childhood EducationEarth/Space ScienceEducation in the Elementary SchoolEnglish Language and LiteratureFrenchGermanHealth EducationHome Economics EducationMarketing EducationMathematicsMusic EducationPhysical EducationPhysics

Social StudiesSpanishTeaching Students Teaching Students Education of StudSpeech CommuniTechnology Educa
216 Profiles • VIRGINIA

VIRGINIA, cont’d.

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirThe state of Virginia offers two special licenses to individuals who have not completed all requirements for certification. The Prononrenewable license for individuals entering the teaching field through an alternative route. A Special Education Conditional Lnonrenewable license issued to an individual employed as a special education teacher. Individuals must meet certain degree and prequirements while these licenses are valid.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 84,231 21,637 62,594Total # of teachers with waivers 5,277 1,645 3,632% of teachers with waivers 6.2 7.6 5.8

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe Virginia Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the time ofthe initial questionnaire.

Waiver totals include full-time teachers.

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher PreThe Virginia Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the time of the initial questionnaire.
WASHINGTON http://inform.ospi.wedne

Profiles • WASHINGTON

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved as of 1997-1998. The standards apply to all fields and are based on INTASC standards.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program.

■ In addition, a fingerprint check or

police record examination is required.

Assessments OfferedWashington does not require assessments for teacher licensure or certification Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing StaAssessments, by Teacher Preparation ProgramWashington does not require assessments at this time, therefore, no program 
218 Profiles • WASHINGTON

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure RequirThe state of Washington issues Conditional or Emergency Substitute Certificates to a school district when it has been determined competencies to be an effective teacher in areas other than areas currently endorsed. A planning and study plan associated with thassignment must be developed and submitted. Annual reports are required by the State Board of Education indicating the numbeendorsement assignments and the specific assistance provided.

WASHINGTON, cont’d.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers1 62,607 * *Total # of teachers with waivers 418 * *% of teachers with waivers 0.7 NA NA

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Districts

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe Washington Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the timof the initial questionnaire.

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers1 Represents those employed in the 1998-99 fiscal year.* Data not reported.NA = Not Applicable
Profiles • WEST VIRGINIA 

WEST VIRGINIA http://wvde.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which West Virginia has areciprocity agreement.

■ In addition, candidates must be U.S.

citizens, of good moral character, and18 years of age, pass physical, mentaland emotional qualifications, and have2.5 grade point average on a 4.0 pointscale

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved as of June 1997. Assessments Offered:

ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (6)Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Computer-Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge Exams (3)Principles of Learning and Teaching (PLT):

Grades K-6, 5-9, or 7-12

Subject Matter and

Pedagogy Exams (40)

AgricultureArtAthletic TrainerBiology: Content Knowledge, Parts 1 & 2Business EducationChemistry: Content KnowledgeDriver EducationEarly Childhood EducationEarly Education: Pre-K-KElementary Education: Curriculum, Instruction

& Assessment

English Language, Literature and CompositionFrenchGeneral MathematicsGeneral Science: Content Knowledge, Parts 1 & 2GermanGifted EducationHealth EducationHome Economics EducationLatin

Marketing EducatMathematicsMulti-subjects: K-MusicOral CommunicatPhysical EducationPhysical SciencePhysicsReading SpecialistSocial StudiesSpanishSpecial Education

Principles, PrescTeaching StudenDisorders, TeachDisabilities, and Retardation

Speech CommuniTechnology Educa
MORE ON WEST VIRGINIA ...

ng Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Preparation Program

itutions with programs)

egate and program pass rate data.

Profiles • WEST VIRGINIA

1620 77

1643 85

1626 80

911 92

44 86

526 99

Y

11 100

25 96

*

37 62

rt 1 31 97

22 77

16 81

All Institutions

10 test

Teaching

t T %

All Institutions * = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent Passing

R = Rank T %

Driver Education (WV) *Early Childhood Education 67 96Early Education PreK-K 83 96Elem. Ed.: Curric., Instruction, and Assess. 891 94Engl. Lang., Lit., and Comp.: Content Knowl. 120 88French: Content Knowledge *General Mathematics (WV) 56 98General Science: Content Knowledge, Part 2 55 82German: Content Knowledge *Gifted Education (WV) 15 80Health Education 71 79Health and Physical Ed.: Content KnowledgeHome Economics Education 13 100Latin *Marketing Education *Mathematics: Content Knowledge 104 41Multi-Subjects, Grades K-4Multi-Subjects, Grades K-8Music: Content Knowledge 63 98

All Institutions * = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent Passing

R = Rank T %

Oral Communications *Physical Education: Content Knowledge 94 66Physical Science: Content Knowledge 44 89Physics *Reading Specialist 74 92Social Studies: Content Knowledge 139 94Spanish: Content Knowledge 11 73Special Education: KnowledgeBased Core Principles 282 100Special Education: Preschool/Early Childhood 34 97Special Education: Teaching Students withBehavioral Disorders/Emotional Disturbances 135 96Special Education: Teaching Students withLearning Disabilities 169 99Special Education: Teaching Students withMental Retardation 180 99Speech CommunicationTechnology Education 12 100
Alderson

Broaddus Coll.

Bethany

College

Bluefield State

College

Concord

College

Davis and Ekins

College

Fairmont State

College

Glenville State

College

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = RankCBT = Computer-Based TestingPLT = Principles of Learning and TeachingPPST = Pre-Professional Skills Test T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T

WEST VIRGINIA, cont’d.

Profiles • WEST VIRGINIA

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, Ranked By Teacher Prep

BASIC SKILLS EXAMSPPST: Mathematics 13 54 14 27 78 7 22 59 13 90 77 9 25 84 2 129 79 6 80 71 10 196 PPST: Reading 13 62 15 27 74 12 23 74 11 90 80 11 24 88 4 131 85 7 79 82 10 196 PPST: Writing 12 75 9 28 71 13 20 85 6 91 79 6 24 75 9 132 77 8 79 71 13 194 CBT: MathematicsCBT: ReadingCBT: WritingPROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEPLT: Grades K-6 * 14 100 1 24 88 11 41 88 11 * 84 90 9 22 100 1 132 PLT: Grades 5-9 * * * * * * * 10 PLT: Grades 7-12 * * * 30 100 1 * 56 100 1 33 100 1 72 SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYAgricultureArt: Content Knowledge * * * * *Athletic Trainer *Biology: Content Knowledge * * * * * *Biology: Content Knowledge, Part 1 * * * * * * * *Business Education * ***Chemistry: Content Knowledge * * *****Driver Education (WV) * *Early Childhood Education * 
222

Early Education Pre-K-K * * 21 100 Elem. Ed.: Curric., Instruction, and Assess. * 11 91 9 22 86 12 32 94 7 * 84 92 8 21 95 6 124 90 Engl. Lang., Lit., and Comp.: Content Knowl. * * * * * 12 58 4 * 14 100 French: Content Knowledge * * *General Mathematics (WV) * * * * * 11 100 1 * * General Science: Content Knowledge, Part 2 * * * * * 11 82 German: Content Knowledge * *Gifted Education (WV) * Health Education 12 100 Home Economics EducationLatin * *Marketing Education *Mathematics: Content Knowledge * * * 10 40 2 * * * 12 33 Multi-Subjects, Grades K-4Multi-Subjects, Grades K-8Music: Content Knowledge * *Oral Communications * * * * *Physical Education: Content Knowledge * * * * 11 64 Physical Science: Content Knowledge * * * 13 62 2 ****Physics * *Reading Specialist 20 90 Social Studies: Content Knowledge * * * * * 11 82 5 * 13 100 

Profiles • WEST VIRGINIA

WEST VIRGINIA, cont’d.

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, Ranked By Teacher Prepara

Alderson

Broaddus Coll.

Bethany

College

Bluefield State

College

Concord

College

Davis and Ekins

College

Fairmont State

College

Glenville State

College

Marshall

University

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%
BASIC SKILLSPPST: Mathematics * 80 81 4 * 109 70 11 96 69 12 202 88 1 23 83 3 PPST: Reading 10 90 3 81 91 1 * 112 71 14 99 83 9 204 91 1 23 87 6 PPST: Writing * 80 80 5 * 110 73 12 101 79 6 205 85 3 21 86 1 

Salem-Teikyo

University

Shepherd

College

University of

Charleston

West Liberty

State College

West Virginia

State College

West Virginia

University

West Virginia

Wesleyan Coll.

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = RankPPST = Pre-Professional Skills Test T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%R

Profiles • WEST VIRGINIA

WEST VIRGINIA, cont’d.

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State-Required Assessment, Ranked By Teacher Prep

Alderson

Broaddus Coll.

Bethany

College

Bluefield State

College

Concord

College

Davis and Ekins

College

Fairmont State

College

Glenville State

College

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = Rank T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T

Spanish: Content Knowledge * * *Special Education: KnowledgeBased Core Principles * * * * * * 12 100 1 40 Special Education: Preschool/Early Childhood * * Special Education: Teaching Students withBehavioral Disorders/Emotional Disturbances * 12 100 1 27 Special Education: Teaching Students withLearning Disabilities * * * * * 18 Special Education: Teaching Students withMental Retardation * * * 15 100 1 41 Speech CommunicationTechnology Education *
224

CBT: MathematicsCBT: ReadingCBT: WritingPROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGEPLT: Grades K-6 * 53 91 10 100 1 57 91 7 29 90 9 193 93 6 31 97 5 PLT: Grades 5-9 * * * * *PLT: Grades 7-12 * 34 100 1 * 27 100 1 13 92 8 128 98 6 12 100 1 * SUBJECT MATTER & PEDAGOGYAgriculture *Art: Content Knowledge * * * * *Athletic Trainer * *Biology: Content Knowledge * * * * * 10 80 1 *Biology: Content Knowledge, Part 1 * * * * * 10 90 1 * *Business Education * * *Chemistry: Content Knowledge * * *****Driver Education (WV) * * * *Early Childhood Education * 11 91 1Early Education PreK-K * * 15 87 2 *Elem. Ed.: Curric., Instruction, and Assess. * 48 98 3 * 51 90 10 24 100 1 195 96 4 26 96 4 English Lang., Lit., and Comp.: Content Knowl. * * 12 100 1 * 20 95 3 * *French: Content Knowledge *

WEST VIRGINIA, cont’d.

Profiles • WEST VIRGINIA

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State Required Assessment, Ranked By Teacher Preparat

Salem-Teikyo

University

Shepherd

College

University of

Charleston

West Liberty

State College

West Virginia

State College

West Virginia

University

West Virginia

Wesleyan Coll.

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 testtakers per assessment offered.T = Took Test% = Percent PassingR = RankCBT = Computer-Based TestingPLT = Principles of Learning and Teaching T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T%R T
General Mathematics (WV) * * * * 12 83 *General Science: Content Knowledge, Part 2 * * * * * 17 76 2 * German: Content Knowledge *Gifted Education (WV) *Health Education * * * * * 18 78 2 *Health and Physical Ed.: Content KnowledgeHome Economics Education * *LatinMarketing EducationMathematics: Content Knowledge * * * * * 17 47 1 * Multi-Subjects, Grades K-4Multi-Subjects, Grades K-8Music: Content Knowledge * * * * 16 100 1 *Oral Communications * *Physical Education: Content Knowledge * * * * * 23 70 1 *Physical Science: Content Knowledge * * * * * 16 94 1 * Physics * *Reading Specialist 31 97 1 *Social Studies: Content Knowledge * 16 100 1 * 12 83 4 * 19 100 1 * Spanish: Content Knowledge * * Special Education: KnowledgeBased Core Principles * * 17 100 1 * 118 100 1 *

Profiles • WEST VIRGINIA

WEST VIRGINIA, cont’d.

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State Required Assessment, Ranked By Teacher Prepa

Salem-Teikyo

University

Shepherd

College

University of

Charleston

West Liberty

State College

West Virginia

State College

West Virginia

University

West Virginia

Wesleyan Coll.

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%
226 Profiles • WEST VIRGINIA

WEST VIRGINIA, cont’d.

Salem-Teikyo

University

Shepherd

College

University of

Charleston

West Liberty

State College

West Virginia

State College

West Virginia

University

West Virginia

Wesleyan Coll.

* = An asterisk indicates less than 10 test takers per assessment offered. T = Took Test % = Percent PassingR = Rank T%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT%RT

Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing Each State Required Assessment, Ranked By Teacher Preparat

Special Education: Preschool/Early Childhood * 17 100 1Special Education: Teaching Students withBehavioral Disorders/Emotional Disturbances 28 96 3Special Education: Teaching Students withLearning Disabilities 76 99 3 *Special Education: Teaching Students withMental Retardation * 16 100 1 33 100 1Speech CommunicationTechnology Education

* Number of Policy 5100 Examinees who attempted test for the first time during the 1997-98 test administration year.The column for State Totals includes Out-of-State graduates who were required to satisfy West Virginia Testing Requirements.
State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure ReqThe state of West Virginia gives the state superintendent the authority to waive any licensure regulation if justified. These watemporary in nature. A Temporary Certificate may be granted to an out-of-state applicant who has completed a state-approvetesting and/or citizenship requirements. A Permit is a 1-year license granted to an individual who has at least 25 percent of thcompleted and is employed to teach in the area of specialization for which the permit is issued. An Out-of-Field Authorizatioan individual who holds a valid teaching certification, has less than 25 percent of the program completed, and is employed to specialization area.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers * * *Total # of teachers with waivers 2,046 1,105 153% of teachers with waivers NA NA NA

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty District

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with WaiversThe West Virginia Department of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at thetime of the initial questionnaire.

* Data not reported.NA = Not Applicable

WEST VIRGINIA, cont’d.
228 Profiles • WISCONSIN

WISCONSIN http://www.dpi.state.wi.us/dp

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area and

either completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program orcompletion of specific credit-hourrequirements in general and professionaleducation course work; or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program.

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards are being developed. They will be based on INTASC standards.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (6)Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Computer Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge ExamsNone required.Subject Matter and Pedagogy ExamsNone Required

Proportion of TCandidates PasRequired AssesTeacher PreparThe Wisconsin Departmthe requested data were time of the initial quest
Profiles • WISCONSIN 

WISCONSIN, cont’d.

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure ReqThe state of Wisconsin issues a Special License for out-of-field teaching for individuals who are licensed teachers. Valid for 1 must be requested in writing with a full explanation and justification of the need.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 57,017 7,797 49,218Total # of teachers with waivers 1,920 * *% of teachers with waivers 3.4 NA NA

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts In Low-Poverty Distric

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Teachers with Waivers

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers.* Data not reported.NA = Not Applicable

Basic Skills (8.8%)Career Tech (7.8%)Health/Physical Ed./Driver’s Ed. (3.7%)

Language (12.7%)Mathematics (4.1%)Music/Art/Theater (3.9%)

Other (9.3%)Science (4.2%).
230 Profiles • WYOMING

WYOMING http://www.k12.wy.us/pt

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area and

completion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program; or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis; or

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course

work in professional education, andcompletion of a state-approved teacherpreparation program.

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which Wyoming has a reciprocityagreement.

■ In addition, an individual must undergo

a fingerprint check or police recordexamination.

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved as of 1988. The standards apply to all fields.

Assessments OfferedWyoming does not require assessments at this time.Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing State-Assessments, by Teacher Preparation ProgramWyoming does not require assessments for teacher licensure or certification at threports are available.State Waiver Categories: Exceptions from Regular Licensure RequirementsThe state of Wyoming issues Temporary Permits for individuals without crebachelor’s degree in the subject area. Transitionals are individuals teaching wprogram requirements for teaching in the subject area. Collaboration is an eschool districts on a 1-year basis to cover out-of-field assignments. A waiver of a requirement of rule. An Exception is a temporary suspension of a certifspecial circumstances. Exceptions are issued for a specific length of time.

Waiver Rates

Total # of teachers 8,156 723 Total # of teachers with waivers 183 14 % of teachers with waivers 2.2 1.9 

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts 

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of Tea

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers for 1997-98.

Computer Science (8.7%)
Profiles • AMERICAN SAMOA 

AMERICAN SAMOA

Teacher StandardsNo information.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsNo information was reported.

Assessments OfferedNo information was reported.

Proportion of TeachingCandidates Passing StateRequired Assessments, byTeacher Preparation ProgramNo information was reported.State Waiver Categories:Exceptions from RegularCertification and LicensureRequirementsNo information was reported.
232 Profiles • DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE EDUCATION ACTIVITY

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSEEDUCATION ACTIVITY (DoDEA) http:/

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted with the fulfillment of thefollowing sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, with specific credit-hourrequirements for general andprofessional education course work.

■ In addition, candidates must be U.S.

citizens, demonstrate physical ability,and be available to teach worldwide.

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards were approved on December 2, 1985 and amended in 1986 and 1988. There are standards applying to all fieldstandards that apply to the following fields: English/Language Arts, Mathematics, Social Studies, Science, Arts, Foreign Languageand Middle Grades Education.

Assessments Offered:ETS PraxisBasic Skills Exams (6)Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST): Reading,

Writing, and Mathematics

Computer Based Test (CBT): Reading, Writing,

and Mathematics

Professional Knowledge Exams (1)Core Battery: Professional KnowledgeSubject Matter and Pedagogy ExamsNone Required

Proportion of TCandidates PasRequired AssesTeacher PreparDoDEA does not have tState Waiver CaExceptions from Certification anRequirementsDoDEA does not grant 
Profiles • FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA 

FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA

Teacher StandardsNo information.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsNo information was reported.

Assessments OfferedNo information was reported.

Proportion of TeachingCandidates Passing StateRequired Assessments, byTeacher Preparation ProgramNo information was reported.State Waiver Categories:Exceptions from RegularCertification and LicensureRequirementsNo information was reported.
234 Profiles • GUAM

GUAM

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards exist and apply to all fields.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the jurisdiction with thefulfillment of the following sets ofconditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, with specific credit-hourrequirements for general andprofessional education course work; or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis; or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which Guam has a reciprocityagreement.

■ In addition, candidates must pass a

state-prescribed assessment and haveU.S. citizenship status.

Assessments OfferedBasic Skills Exams (1)Guam Educator’s Test of English Proficiency

(GETEP)

Professional Knowledge ExamsNone RequiredSubject Matter and Pedagogy ExamsNone Required

Proportion of TCandidates PaRequired AsseTeacher PreparThe Guam Departmenrequested data were not of the initial questionn

State Waiver Categories: Exceptions fromRegular Certification and Licensure RequirementsOne-year emergency teaching certification is allowed, if there are no fully ceWaiver Rates

Total # of teachers 2,191 * Total # of teachers with waivers 74 * % of teachers with waivers 3.4 NA 

State Totals In High-Poverty Districts 

High Waiver Areas: Subject Areas with High Percentage or Number of TeaThe Guam Department of Education reported the requested data were not readthe initial questionnaire.

Waiver totals include full- and part-time teachers.* Data not reported.NA = Not Applicable
Profiles • NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS 

NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS

Teacher StandardsNo information.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofthe following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s, master’s or higher degree

resulting from a course of instruction ofat least 3.5 years.

■ In addition, an individual initially

certified in another state or territorymust submit a statement that they holda current valid license and have neverhad their license suspended or revoked.The individual must also submit resultsof a medical examination and must nothave been convicted of a felonyindicating unfitness to teach.

Assessments OfferedThe Northern Mariana Islands do not require assessments.Proportion of Teaching Candidates Passing StaRequired Assessments, by Teacher Preparation The Northern Mariana Islands do not require assessments at this time, theravailable.State Waiver Categories: Exceptions fromRegular Certification and Licensure RequiremeThe Northern Mariana Islands do not grant waivers under its current poli

http://www.saipan.com/gov/
236 Profiles • PUERTO RICO

PUERTO RICO

Teacher StandardsTeacher standards do not exist at this time. A document titled Perfil del Maestro (The Teacher’s Profile) exists that lists competen

Legislation passed in July 1999, but not yet implemented, calls for a career ladder for teachers, which would include requirement

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsThe initial teacher certificate or license isgranted by the state with the fulfillment ofany of the following sets of conditions:■ A bachelor’s degree in education from an

accredited postsecondary institution,and completion of a state-approvedteacher preparation program; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, with specific credit-hourrequirements for general andprofessional education course work; or

■ A bachelor’s degree in a subject area

from an accredited postsecondaryinstitution, and completion of a stateapproved teacher preparation program;or

■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution

equivalent to a bachelor’s degree, andincluding general and professionaleducation requirements, as determinedby the state through review andtranscript analysis; or

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state

with which Puerto Rico has areciprocity agreement.

■ In addition, candidates must have a

grade-point average (both overall and intheir areas of specialization) of at least

Assessments Offered:College Board Office for PuertoRico and Latin AmericaBasic Skills Exams (1)Basic Knowledge and Communications Skills

(Prueba de Conocimientos Fundamentales yCompetencias de la Comunicacion)

Professional Knowledge Exams (1)Professional Skills (Prueba de Competencias

Profesionales)

Subject Matter and Pedagogy ExamsNone Required

2.50; must have passed a college course on thehistory of Puerto Rico as well as one on thehistory of the United States; must have passed acourse on the characteristics and education ofstudents with special needs; must have passed acourse on computer technologies in education;and must be of good moral character, in goodphysical and mental health (notwithstanding anyphysical impediment), and must meet anyapplicable child-support responsibilities. 
Profiles • PUERTO RICO 237

hing Candidates Passing State-Required Assessments, by Teacher Preparation Program

he percentage of teaching candidates who passed each of the assessments required by Puerto Rico for teacher certification across the

me, data were not available by individual teacher preparation program.

gories: Exceptions from Regular Certification and Licensure Requirements

al Certificates in specific shortage areas.

 of Education reported the requested data were not readily available at the time of the initial questionnaire.

Prueba de Conocimientos Fundamentales yCompetencias de la Comunicacion 3,405 75Prueba de Competencias Profesionales 3,160 81

T = Took Test

All Institutions

% = Percent Passing T %
238 Profiles • VIRGIN ISLANDS

VIRGIN ISLANDS

Teacher StandardsNo information.

General Certification andLicensure RequirementsNo information was reported.

Assessments OfferedNo information was reported.

Proportion of TeachingCandidates Passing StateRequired Assessments, byTeacher Preparation ProgramNo information was reported.State Waiver Categories:Exceptions from RegularCertification and LicensureRequirementsNo information was reported.

240 APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99

This appendix contains a listing of the Praxis assessments used by states in the teacher certification and licensure process. The PraAssessments for Beginning Teachers, was developed and is administered by the Educational Testing Service (ETS).There are 3 components of the Praxis Series: Praxis I—Academic Skills Assessments; Praxis II—Subject Assessments/Specialty ArKnowledge, and Core Battery tests, the Principles of Learning and Teaching (PPLT), and the Multiple Subjects Assessment for TeIII—Classroom Performance Assessment. The Academic Skills Assessments include the Pre-Professional Skills Tests (PPST) and tTesting (CBT) program, both of which measure basic proficiency in reading, writing, and mathematics. States set their own cut sscore for their test takers.

Test Number 730 710 720 731 711 721 500 510 Score Range 150-190 150-190 150-190 300-335 300-335 300-335 600-695 600-695 6StateAR 169 170 171 314 316 316 CT 319 324 318DE 174 175 173 319 322 319 DC * 172 171 * 319 316FL 175 172 171 317 321 318GA 173 172 172 318 319 318 HI 176 175 171 321 322 316 IN 653 647 KS 174 173 172 KY 173 173 172 318 320 318 646 643 LA 645 644 ME 172 173 168 317 320 312 656 649MD 648 645MN 169 173 172 314 320 318MS 169 170 172 314 316 318MT 170 170 170 315 316 314 

BASIC SKILLS

Praxis I: Academic Assessments Praxis II: Core Battery

PPST: PPST: PPST: CBT: CBT: CBT: Communic- General Pro

Mathematics Reading Writing Mathematics Reading Writing ation Skills Knowledge Kn

* = Test required—passing score not set ** = Effective January 1999 + = Multiple scores required a-ac = See notes at end of this appendix
NC 173 176 173 318 323 319 NE 171 170 172 316 316 318NH 172 174 172 317 321 318 NJ 649 NM 644 645 NV 170 172 172 315 319 318 NY 650 649 OH 642OR 175 174 171 320 321 317PA 646 644 RI 657 (g) 649 (g)SC * * * * * *TN 169 169 172 314 315 318TX * * * * * *VA 178 178 176 323 326 324WV 172 172 171 317 319 316WI 173 175 174 318 322 320DoDEA 175 177 174 320 325 320 655USVI 170 175 174 315 322 320

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

BASIC SKILLS, cont’d.

Praxis I: Academic Assessments Praxis II: Core Battery

PPST: PPST: PPST: CBT: CBT: CBT: Communic- General 

Mathematics Reading Writing Mathematics Reading Writing ation Skills Knowledge 
242

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF TEACHING

PLT: PLT: PLT:

Grades K-6 Grades 5-9 Grades 7-12

Test Number 522 523 524Score Range 100-200 100-200 100-200StateARCT 163FLGA 166HI 163 157 157INKSKYLAMEMDMS 152 152 152

PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF TEACHING, cont’d.

PLT: PLT: PLT:

Grades K-6 Grades 5-9 Grades 7-

MO 160 160NC 160 160 160NJNMNV 169 161NYOHORPA 162 159RISCTN 155 * 159WV 165 154 156DoDEA

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
Test Number 791 700 900 780 130 131 133 132 Score Range 100-200 250-990 250-990 250-990 250-990 100-200 100-200 100-200 10StateAR 450CA 171 passing, 160 passing,

163 min. (a) 150 min. (a)

CT 470 148 157 130DEDCFLGA 530 150 161HI 166 135IN 510KSKY 530 154 139LAMEMD 510 MNMO 490 153MS 530MTNC (b) (b) (b) NE NH

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE

Accounting Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Art Art Art: Content Art: Content, At

(PA Version) (CA Version) (PA Version) Education Making Knowledge Traditions, Train

Criticism & Ve

Aesthetics

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
244

SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Accounting Agriculture Agriculture Agriculture Art Art Art: Content Art: Content, Athletic 

(PA Version) (CA Version) (PA Version) Education Making Knowledge Traditions, Trainer (WV

Criticism & Version)

Aesthetics

NJ 136NMNV 154 156NYOH 510OR 620 610PA * * 161RISC 500 TN 530 150 *TXVA 500WV 430 160 158WIDoDEAUSVI

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Biology & Biology: Biology: Biology: Biology: Biology: Business Chemistry Chemistry: 

General Content Content Content Content Pedagogy Education Content 

Science Essays Knowledge, Knowledge, Knowledge Essays 

Part 1 Part 2

Test Number 030 233 231 232 235 234 100 240 242 Score Range 250-990 100-200 100-200 100-200 100-200 100-200 250-990 250-990 100-200 StateAR 540 550CA 157 passing, 155 passing

 150 min. (c) 145 min. ( c 

CT 152 620 140DEDC 152 144 * FLGA 143** 152** 590 140**HI 161 139 550 IN 560 480 460KSKY 550 139 139 570 LA 580 540ME MD 570 540 *MNMO 156 550 MS 570 550 510 MTNC (d) (d) (d) 580 (f) NENH

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
246

SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Biology & Biology: Biology: Biology: Biology: Biology: Business Chemistry Chemistry: C

General Content Content Content Content Pedagogy Education Content 

Science Essays Knowledge, Knowledge, Knowledge Essays K

Part 1 Part 2

NJ 142 580 NMNV 154 146, 150** 560 *,**NYOH 560 540 430OR 154 161 156 620 140 PA * 144 135RI SC 590 540TN * 146 * 570 * TXVA 580 550 *WV 140 152 570WIDoDEAUSVI 

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Chemistry, Communic- Computer Cooperative Data Driver Early Earth/ Earth Scienc

Physics & ation Literacy/ Education Processing Education Childhood Space Content 

General Data (PA Version) (WV Version) Education Science Knowledge 

Science Processing 

Test Number 070 800 650 810 792 867 020 570 571 Score Range 250-990 250-990 250-990 250-990 100-200 100-200 250-990 250-990 100-200 StateAR 520 500 CACT 157DEDC 520FL 600GA HIIN 510 420 KSKY 510 LA 530 510 MEMD 520 600 152MNMO * 500 147MS 510 MTNC 530 530NENH

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
248

SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Chemistry, Communic- Computer Cooperative Data Driver Early Earth/ Earth Science: E

Physics & ation Literacy/ Education Processing Education Childhood Space Content 

General Data (PA Version) (WV Version) Education Science Knowledge 

Science Processing 

NJ 134 NMNV NYOH 520 480 OR 570 * 770 * 600 PA * 530 570RISC 570 520 TN 570 144 TXVA 560 141 490WV 530 WIDoDEAUSVI

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
Test Number 010 271 320 012 011 016 041 042 043 Score Range 250-990 100-200 250-990 100-200 100-200 100-200 100-200 100-200 100-200 StateAR 500 CA 160CT 148 163 172 160DEDC * 146 142 *FL 560 580 151 165GA 168 137 154 163 135HI 135 164 164 150IN 520 560 KSKY 156 143 138 135LA 550 MEMD 550 MNMO 164 158MS 540 540 MTNC 540 580 (h) (h) (i, k) (i) (i, k)NENH 155, 150**

SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Education Education of Education of Elem. Ed: Elem. Ed: Elem. Ed: Engl. Lang., Engl. Lang., English Lang

in the Deaf & Hard Students with Content Area Curriculum, Curriculum, Lit., & Lit., & Lit., & 

Elementary of Hearing Mental Exercises Instruction & Instruction & Comp.: Cont. Comp.: Comp.: 

School Students Retardation Assessment Assess. (K-5) Knowledge Essays Pedagogy

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
250

NJ 155NMNV 135 158 155NYOH 510 490OR * 670 164 145PA * 164 153 RISC 540 590 TN * * 159 157 * *TXVA 520 520 WV 155 155WIDoDEAUSVI

SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Education Education of Education of Elem. Ed: Elem. Ed: Elem. Ed: Engl. Lang., Engl. Lang., English Lang. 

in the Deaf & Hard Students with Content Area Curriculum, Curriculum, Lit., & Lit., & Lit., & L

Elementary of Hearing Mental Exercises Instruction & Instruction & Comp.: Cont. Comp.: Comp.: & 

School Students Retardation Assessment Assess. (K-5) Knowledge Essays Pedagogy

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
Test Number 840 170 173 172 171 067 430 433 431 Score Range 100-200 250-990 100-200 100-200 100-200 100-200 250-990 100-200 100-200 StateAR 490CA 171 172 150 passing,

140 min.,

(c,e,l,m)

CT 165 163 145 DEDC 520 136 FLGA 156 155 120 HI 158 164 157IN 520 +KSKY 144 151 LA 520MEMD 510MNMO 500MS 510MTNC (j) (j) (n,o) (o) NENH

SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Foreign French French: French: French: General General General General 

Language Content Linguistic, Productive Mathematics Science Science: Science: 

Pedagogy Knowledge Literary, & Language (WV Version) Content Content 

Cult. Analy. Skills Essays Knowledge 

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
252

SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Foreign French French: French: French: General General General General 

Language Content Linguistic, Productive Mathematics Science Science: Science: 

Pedagogy Knowledge Literary, & Language (WV Version) Content Content 

Cult. Analy. Skills Essays Knowledge 1 Kn

NJ 146 148 NMNV 152 162 140, 135** 150NYOH 520 370OR 620 135 152 PA * 170RISC 520TN 160 * * 138 TXVA 570WV 131 160 WIDoDEAUSVI

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
Test Number 920 180 181 182 357 930 850 550 856 Score Range 250-990 250-990 100-200 100-200 100-200 250-990 250-990 250-990 100-200 StateAR 520 CA CT 162 680 DEDCFLGA 156 166** 650 154 HI 490 IN 520 490 390 420 KSKY 143 550 LA 500 MEMD 510 MNMO 161 480 MS 550 MTNC 540 640 NENHNJ 146 

SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Geography German German: German: Gifted Government/ Health & Health Health 

Content Productive Education Political Physical Education & Phys. Ed

Knowledge Language (WV Version) Science Education Content 

Skills Knowledge 

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
254

SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Geography German German: German: Gifted Government/ Health & Health Health 

Content Productive Education Political Physical Education & Phys. Ed: Ec

Knowledge Language (WV Version) Science Education Content E

Skills Knowledge 

NMNV 600 *,** NYOH 480 OR 620 720 PA 500 500 RISC 710 TN 520 139 560 570 TXVA 560 * WV 132 161 530 WIDoDEAUSVI

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Italian Latin Library Marketing Marketing Mathematics Mathematics: Mathematics: Mathematic

Media Education (PA Version) Content Pedagogy Proofs, 

Specialist Knowledge Models & 

Problems 1 

Test Number 620 600 310 560 793 060 061 065 063 Score Range 250-990 250-990 250-990 250-990 100-200 250-990 100-200 100-200 100-200 StateAR 540 520 +CA 170 passing

165 min. (q

CT 670 770 141DEDC 141 * *FL +GA 700 620 590 124 139HI 610 136 135IN 530 530KSKY 530 590 500 141 141LA 560 550ME MD 540 520MNMO 500 137MS 610 590 520MTNC 610 690 530 (p) (p)NENH

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
256

NJ 580 130NMNV + 135 152NYOH 520 440 530OR 630 690 147 140 144 PA 620 550 * 127RISC 590 640 560TN 540 550 560 136 *TXVA * 580WV 480 520 600 133WIDoDEAUSVI

SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Italian Latin Library Marketing Marketing Mathematics Mathematics: Mathematics: Mathematics: M

Media Education (PA Version) Content Pedagogy Proofs, 

Specialist Knowledge Models & M

Problems 1 Pr

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Middle Middle Middle Middle Middle Music: Music: Music: Music 

School School School School School Analysis Concepts Content Education 

English Mathematics Mathematics: Science Social and Knowledge 

 Language Cont. Know. Studies Processes

Test Number 049 069 066 439 089 112 111 113 110 Score Range 100-200 100-200 100-200 100-200 100-200 100-200 100-200 100-200 250-990 StateAR 510CA 169 passing, 165 passing,

164 min., (s) 155 min., (s)

CT * * * * 150 153 DEDCFLGA 145 154HI 145 139 IN 510KSKY * * * * 140 137 LA 530MEMD 530 MNMO 151 MS 530MTNC (t) (t) *NE NH

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
258

SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Middle Middle Middle Middle Middle Music: Music: Music: Music 

School School School School School Analysis Concepts Content Education Te

English Mathematics Mathematics: Science Social and Knowledge 

 Language Cont. Know. Studies Processes

NJ 143NMNV *, 150** *,149**NYOHOR 167 167 170 167 PA 158 RISC 480TN * 150TX VA 510WV 155WI DoDEAUSVI

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
Test Number 091 092 093 481 483 260 262 261 265 Score Range 100-200 100-200 100-200 100-200 100-200 250-990 100-200 100-200 100-200 StateARCA 158 passing, 170 passing, 160 passing,

152 min., (v) 150 min., (v) 150 min., (m)

CT 154 154 135 141DEDC 155 *FLGA 148 141** 140** 150**HI 160 145 164 151 144IN 400 KSKY 152 135 141LAMEMD *MNMO 153 133MS 520MTNC (u) (u) (f,n) 510NENH

SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Phys. Phys. Ed.: Phys. Phys. Phys. Physics Physics: Physics: Physics: 

Ed.: Movement Ed.: Science: Science: Content Content Content 

Content Forms– Movement Content Pedagogy Essays Knowledge Knowledge

 Knowledge Analy./Des. Forms–Video Knowledge

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
260

SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Phys. Phys. Ed.: Phys. Phys. Phys. Physics Physics: Physics: Physics: 

Ed.: Movement Ed.: Science: Science: Content Content Content E

Content Forms– Movement Content Pedagogy Essays Knowledge Knowledge

 Knowledge Analy./Des. Forms–Video Knowledge

NJ 139 113NMNV 154 149 142, 147** NYOHOR 160 141 145 145 147PA 440RISC TN 152 * * * 124 TXVA *WV 150 142 126 WIDoDEAUSVI

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
Test Number 300 860 080 082 081 083 084 950 1Score Range 250-990 250-990 250-990 100-200 100-200 100-200 100-200 250-990 250StateAR 550 500 4CA 160 passing, 169 passing,

150 min., (w) 161 min., (w)

CT 162 DEDC 145 * FL 560 158GA 580 151 156 HI 154 144 IN 520 440 5KSKY 146 150 LA 550 5MEMD 530 5MNMO 152 MS 520 5MTNC 570 (x,y) (x,y) (y) NENH

SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Reading Safety/ Social Social Social Social Social Sociology Spa

Specialist Driver Studies Studies: Studies: Studies: Studies: 

Education Analytical Content Interpretation Pedagogy 

Essays Knowledge of Materials

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
262

SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Reading Safety/ Social Social Social Social Social Sociology Spanish 

Specialist Driver Studies Studies: Studies: Studies: Studies: 

Education Analytical Content Interpretation Pedagogy 

Essays Knowledge of Materials

NJ 153 NMNV 150 152 NYOH 520 520OR 640 155 158 167 PA 570 * 157 RISC 550 520TN 540 TXVA 540 540WV 520 148 WIDoDEAUSVI

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
Test Number 193 194 192 350 352 351 690 371 381 Score Range 100-200 100-200 100-200 250-990 100-200 100-200 250-990 100-200 100-200 StateAR 510 CA 171 172CT 163 150 155DEDC * * 510FL 590GA 159 130 152 153 156 HI 150 141 136IN KSKY 156 127 147 LAMEMD 500 MNMO 490 MS 550 MTNC (z) 510 NENHNJ 

SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Spanish: Spanish: Spanish: Special Special Special Ed.: Special Ed.: Special Ed.: Special Ed.

Linguistic, Pedagogy Productive Education Education: Knowledge Preschool/ Teaching Teaching 

Literary & Language Application Based Core Early Students w/ Students w/ 

 Cult. Analy. Skills of Core Princ. Principles Childhood Beh. Disab. Learn. Disab

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
264

SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Spanish: Spanish: Spanish: Special Special Special Ed.: Special Ed.: Special Ed.: Special Ed.: S

Linguistic, Pedagogy Productive Education Education: Knowledge Preschool/ Teaching Teaching T

Literary & Language Application Based Core Early Students w/ Students w/ St

 Cult. Analy. Skills of Core Princ. Principles Childhood Beh. Disab. Learn. Disab. M

NMNV (aa,ab) 145 NYOHOR 165 156 155 560 PA 144 152RISC 600TN * 490 * * 560 TXVA WV 136 550 156 144 WIDoDEAUSVI

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
Test Number 360 880 370 380Score Range 250-990 250-990 250-990 250-990StateARCACTDEDC 520FL 600 590GAHI 510IN 540 430KSKY 550LAMEMDMNMOMS 610

SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont’d.

Teaching Teaching Teaching Teaching

English Speech to Stud. w/ Stud. w/

as a Stud. w/ Emotional Learning

Second Lang. Lang. Imp. Disturbance Disabilities

SUBJECT AREA KNOWLEDGE, cont

Teaching Teaching T

English Speech to S

as a Stud. w/ E

Second Lang. Lang. Imp. D

MTNC 520 NENHNJNMNV 500NYOH 420 ORPA *RISC TN *TXVA WVWIDoDEAUSVI

Appendix A: Complete List of Praxis Tests, Scores, and State Cut Scores: 1998-99, cont’d.

APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS
266 APPENDIX A: LIST OF PRAXIS TESTS

Appendix A • Endnotes

a = CA certification in Art requires achieving a combined total score of 331 for both tests by either (1)

meeting the passing score of 171 on Art Making (0131) and meeting the passing score of 160 on Art:Content, Traditions, Criticism, & Aesthetics (0132) OR (2) meeting/exceeding the minimum score of 163on Art Making and meeting/exceeding the minimum score of 150 on Art: Content, Traditions, Criticism, &Aesthetics.b = NC license for Art K-12 requires a combined score of 479 from Art Making (0131), minimum score150; Art Content, Traditions, Criticism, & Aesthetics (0132), minimum score 130; and Art: ContentKnowledge (0133), minimum score 144.c = CA certification in Science: Biological Sciences requires achieving a combined total score of 307 forboth tests by either (1) meeting the passing score of 157 on Biology: Content Essays (0233) and meeting thepassing score of 150 on General Science: Content Essays (043) OR (2) meeting/exceeding the minimumscore of 150 on Biology: Content Essays and meeting/exceeding the minimum score of 140 on GeneralScience: Content Essays.d = NC license for Biology 9-12 requires a combined score of 465 from Biology: Content Knowledge, Part 1(0231); minimum score 154; Biology: Content Essays (0233), minimum score 139; and Biology: Pedagogy(0234), minimum score 135.e = CA certification in Science: Chemistry requires achieving a combined total score of 305 for both testsby either (1) meeting the passing score of 155 on Chemistry: Content Essays (0242) and meeting the passingscore of 150 on General Science: Content Essays (0433) OR (2) meeting/exceeding the minimum score of145 on Chemistry: Content Essays and meeting/exceeding the minimum score of 140 on General Science:Content Essays.f = NC license for Chemistry 9-12 requires a combined score of 473 from Chemistry: Content Knowledge(0241), minimum score of 150; Chemistry: Content Essays (0242), minimum score 135; and PhysicalScience: Pedagogy (0483), minimum score 139.g = RI initial teaching license requires passing all three Core Battery tests by either (1) passing each testseparately OR (2) achieving a combined score for all three Core Battery tests of 1954, with individual scoresnot more than four points below the passing score for each test as listed in the table.h = NC license for Elementary Education K-6 requires a combined score of 310 from Elementary Education:Curriculum, Instruction, and Assessment (0011), minimum score 153; and Elementary Education: ContentArea Exercises (0012), minimum score 127.i = NC license for English 9-12 requires a combined score of 475 from English Language, Literature, andComposition: Content Knowledge (0041), minimum score 154; English Language, Literature andComposition: Content Essays (0042), minimum score 135; and English Language, Literature, andComposition: Pedagogy (0043), minimum score 145.j = NC license for French K-12 requires a combined score of 322 from French: Content Knowledge (0173),minimum score 137; and French: Productive Language Skills (0171), minimum score 159.k = NC license for Language Arts 6-8 requires a combined score of 319 from English Language, Literature,and Composition: Content Knowledge (0041), minimum score 152; and English Language, Literature andComposition: Pedagogy (0043), minimum score 135.l = CA certification in Science: Geosciences requires meeting the passing score of 150 on the GeneralScience: Content Essays (0433). Additional required examinations are given through the SSAT test series.m = CA certification in Science: Physics requires achieving a combined total score of 310 for both tests byeither (1) meeting the passing score of 160 on Physics: Content Essays (0262) and meeting the passing scoreof 150 on General Science: Content Essays (0433) OR (2) meeting/exceeding the minimum score of 150 onPhysics: Content Essays and meeting/exceeding the minimum score of 140 on General Science: ContentEssays.n = NC license for Comprehensive Science 6-8 requires a combined score of 296 from General Science:Content Essays (0433), minimum score 130; and Physical Science: Pedagogy (0483), minimum score 139.o = NC license for Science 9-12 requires a combined score of 467 from General Science: Content Essay

(0433), minimum score 130; General Science: Content Knowledge PaGeneral Science: Content Knowledge Part 2 (0432), minimum score p = NC license for Mathematics 9-12 requires a combined score of 28Knowledge (0061), minimum score 133; and Mathematics: Pedagogy q = CA certification in Mathematics requires achieving a combined teither (1) meeting the passing score of 170 on Mathematics: Proofs, Mand meeting the passing score of 159 on Mathematics: Proofs, Modelmeeting/exceeding the minimum score of 165 on Mathematics: Proofmeeting/exceeding the minimum score of 152 on Mathematics: Proor = CA certification in Multiple Subjects requires achieving a combin

either (1) meeting the passing score of 156 on MSAT: Content Knowscore of 155 on MSAT: Content Area Exercises (0151) OR (2) meetinContent Knowledge and meeting/exceeding the score of 147 on Conts = CA certification in Music requires achieving a combined total scomeeting the passing score of 165 on Music: Concepts and Processes (0169 on Music: Analysis (0112) OR meeting/exceeding the minimum Processes and meeting/exceeding the minimum score of 164 on Musict = NC license for Music K-12 requires a combined score of 448 from score 131; Music: Concepts and Processes (0111), minimum score 13(0113), minimum score 136.u = NC license for Physical Education K-12 requires a combined scorContent Knowledge (0091), minimum score 155; and Physical EducaDesign (0092), minimum score 144.v = CA certification in Physical Education requires achieving a combby either (1) meeting the passing score of 170 on PE: Movement Formmeeting the passing score of 158 on PE: Movement Forms–Analysis/Dminimum score of 160 on PE: Movement Forms–Analysis/Design anscore of 152 on PE: Movement Forms–Analysis/Design.w = CA certification in Social Studies requires achieving a combined either (1) meeting the passing score of 160 on Social Studies: Analyticpassing score of 169 on Social Studies: Interpretation of Materials (00minimum score of 150 on Social Studies: Analytical Essays and meeti161 on Social Studies: Interpretation of Materials.x = NC license for Social Studies 6-8 requires a combined score of 314 Knowledge (0081), minimum score 158, and Social Studies: Analyticy = NC license for Social Studies 9-12 requires a combined score of 4Knowledge (0081), minimum score 158; Social Studies: Interpretatio167; and Social Studies: Analytical Essays (0082), minimum score 14z = NC license for Spanish K-12 requires a combined score of 327 fro(0191), minimum score 148; and Spanish: Productive Language Skills aa = NV license for Bilingual requires scores from Spanish: Content KProductive Language Skills (0192). No minimum qualifying scores in ab = NV license for Spanish requires passing both Spanish: Content K160, and Spanish: Productive Language Skills (0192), minimum score ac = OR license for Elementary Education requires achieving a combieither (1) meeting the passing score of 155 on MSAT: Content Knowscore of 155 on MSAT: Content Area Exercises (0151) OR (2) meetin147 on Content Knowledge and meeting/exceeding the score of 147 o
APPENDIX B: LIST OF NES-DEVELOPED STATE TESTS 

Appendix B: List of NES-Developed State Tests: 1998

ARIZONA ARIZONA TEACHER PROFICIENCY ASSESSMENT (ATPA) PASSING SCORE Basic Skills Proficiency Examination in Reading, Grammar, and Mathematics * Professional Knowledge Professional Knowledge Test * Subject Matter Knowledge Elementary Education Subject Knowledge * 

Agriculture * Art * Biology * Business * Chemistry * Computers * Dance * Drama * Economics * English * Family and Consumer Science * French * General Science * Geography * German * Health * Health Occupations * History * Industrial Technology * Journalism * Marketing * 

This appendix contains a listing of the assessments administered by the National Evaluation Systems, Inc., for the teacher cerNES developed individual assessments series for 10 states, including Arizona, California, Colorado, Illinois, Massachusetts, MYork, Oklahoma, and Texas. Oregon uses the basic skills portion of the California assessments in their teacher certification anassessments evaluate basic skills, professional knowledge, and subject matter knowledge. States set their own cut score or mintakers.
268

Mathematics * Music * Physical Education * Physics * Political Science * Social Studies * Spanish * Speech * Cross-Categorical Special Education * 

*Arizona has not yet established a passing score for the Arizona Teacher Proficiency Assessment.**Arizona has not yet established a scoring scale for the Arizona Teacher Proficiency Assessment.CALIFORNIA PROFESSIONAL ASSESSMENTS FOR CALIFORNIA TEACHERS PASSING SCORE Basic Skills California Basic Educational Skills Test (CBEST): Reading 41 

CBEST: Writing 41 CBEST: Mathematics 41 Reading Instruction Competence Assessment (RICA)2 81 

Subject Matter Knowledge 14 Secondary Subject Assessment for Teachers (SSAT): Agriculture 220 

12 SSAT: Art 220 05 SSAT: Biology 220 passing/208 minimum 15 SSAT: Business 220 06 SSAT: Chemistry 220 passing/208 minimum 11 SSAT: French 220 04 SSAT: General Science 220 passing/208 minimum 07 SSAT: Geoscience 220 passing/208 minimum 20 SSAT: German 220 16 SSAT: Health Science 220 17 SSAT: Home Economics 220 18 SSAT: Industrial and Technology Education 220 21 SSAT: Japanese 220 

APPENDIX B: LIST OF NES-DEVELOPED STATE TESTS

Appendix B: List of NES-Developed State Tests: 1998, cont’d.
01 SSAT: Literature and English Language 220 19 SSAT: Mandarin 220 02 SSAT: Mathematics 220 13 SSAT: Music 220 09 SSAT: Physical Education 220 08 SSAT: Physics 220 23 SSAT: Punjabi 220 22 SSAT: Russian 220 03 SSAT: Social Science 220 10 SSAT: Spanish 220 24 SSAT: Vietnamese 220 

COLORADO PROGRAM FOR LICENSING ASSESSMENTS FOR COLORADO EDUCATORS PASSING SCORE 

(PLACE)

Basic Skills 90 Basic Skills 220 

91 Liberal Arts and Sciences 220 

Professional Knowledge 92 Professional Knowledge: Elementary 220 

93 Professional Knowledge: Secondary 220 94 Professional Knowledge: Middle School 220 

Subject Matter Knowledge 01 Elementary Education 220 

04 Mathematics 220 05 Science 220 06 Social Studies 220 07 English 220 08 French 220 09 Spanish 220 10 German 220 11 Italian 220 12 Latin 220 14 Russian 220 

APPENDIX B: LIST OF NES-DEVELOPED STATE TESTS

Appendix B: List of NES-Developed State Tests: 1998, cont’d.
270

15 Japanese 220 17 English as a Second Language 220 23 Special Education: Severe Needs - Vision 220 28 Art 220 29 Music 220 32 Physical Education 220 02 Early Childhood Education 220 16 Bilingual Education 220 18 Reading Teacher 220 19 Speech 220 20 Special Education: Moderate Needs 220 21 Special Education: Severe Needs-Cognitive 220 22 Special Education: Severe Needs - Affective 220 24 Special Education: Severe Needs- Hearing 220 25 Special Education: Severe Needs - Communication 220 26 Special Education - Profound Needs 220 27 Early Childhood Special Education 220 30 Drama 220 31 Health 220 33 Driver Education 220 34 Business Education 220 35 Distributive Education 220 36 Home Economics 220 37 Industrial Arts 220 40 Agriculture 220 42 School Library Media 220 43 Media Specialist 220 

ILLINOIS ILLINOIS CERTIFICATION TESTING SYSTEM (ICTS) PASSING SCORE Basic Skills 96 ICTS Basic Skills Test: Mathematics 70 

APPENDIX B: LIST OF NES-DEVELOPED STATE TESTS

Appendix B: List of NES-Developed State Tests: 1998, cont’d.
96 ICTS Basic Skills Test: Grammar 70 96 ICTS Basic Skills Test: Reading 70 96 ICTS Basic Skills Test: Writing 70 

Subject Matter Knowledge 02 Early Childhood 70 

03 Elementary 70 23 History 70 24 Social Science 70 25 English 70 26 Spanish 70 27 French 70 28 German 70 29 Hebrew 70 30 Italian 70 31 Latin 70 32 Russian 70 33 Dance 70 34 Speech 70 35 Biological Science 70 36 Mathematics 70 37 Chemistry 70 38 Computer Sciences 70 39 General Sciences 70 40 Physical Science 70 41 Physics 70 42 Health 70 43 Health Occupations 70 44 Family and Consumer Sciences 70 45 Industrial Technology Education 70 46 Agriculture 70 

APPENDIX B: LIST OF NES-DEVELOPED STATE TESTS

Appendix B: List of NES-Developed State Tests: 1998, cont’d.
272

47 Business/Marketing/Management 70 51 Art (6-12) 70 52 Music (6-12) 70 53 Physical Education (6-12) 70 54 Theater Arts 70 04 Educable Mentally Handicapped 70 05 Trainable Mentally Handicapped 70 06 Learning Disabilities 70 07 Social/Emotional Disorders 70 08 Deaf and Hard of Hearing 70 09 Speech and Language Impaired 70 10 Blind and Partially Sighted 70 11 Physically Handicapped 70 12 Media 70 13 Reading 70 14 English as a Second Language 70 48 Art (K-12) 70 49 Music (K-12) 70 50 Physical Education (K-12) 70 

MASSACHUSETTS MASSACHUSETTS TEACHER TESTS (MTT) PASSING SCORE Basic Skills 01 Communication and Literacy Skills Test 70 Subject Matter Knowledge 02 Early Childhood Education 70 

03 Elementary Teacher 70 04 Middle School Teacher 70 05 Social Studies 70 06 History 70 07 English 70 08 Reading 70 09 Mathematics 70 

APPENDIX B: LIST OF NES-DEVELOPED STATE TESTS

Appendix B: List of NES-Developed State Tests: 1998, cont’d.
10 General Science 70 11 Physics 70 12 Chemistry 70 13 Biology 70 14 Earth Science 70 15 Latin & Classical Humanities 70 16 Music 70 17 Visual Art 70 19 Business 70 20 Home Economics 70 21 Health Education 70 22 Physical Education 70 24 English as a Second Language 70 25 Special Needs 70 26 French 70 27 German 70 28 Spanish 70 29 Chinese 70 30 Italian 70 33 Technology Education 70 

MICHIGAN MICHIGAN TEST FOR TEACHER CERTIFICATION (MTTC) PASSING SCORE Basic Skills 96 Basic Skills 220 Subject Matter Knowledge 01 Language Arts 220 

02 English 220 03 Journalism 220 04 Speech 220 05 Reading 220 84 Social Studies 220 07 Economics 220 

APPENDIX B: LIST OF NES-DEVELOPED STATE TESTS

Appendix B: List of NES-Developed State Tests: 1998, cont’d.
274

08 Geography 220 09 History 220 10 Political Science 220 11 Psychology 220 12 Sociology 220 13 Anthropology 220 14 Cultural Studies 220 15 Behavioral Studies 220 16 Science 220 17 Biology 220 18 Chemistry 220 19 Physics 220 20 Geology/Earth Sciences 220 21 Astronomy 220 22 Mathematics 220 23 French 220 24 German 220 26 Latin 220 27 Russian 220 28 Spanish 220 29 Italian 220 30 Polish 220 32 Business Education 220 33 Accounting 220 34 Business Administration 220 35 Secretarial Sciences 220 36 Marketing (Distributive Education) 220 37 Agricultural Education 220 38 Industrial Arts 220 

APPENDIX B: LIST OF NES-DEVELOPED STATE TESTS

Appendix B: List of NES-Developed State Tests: 1998, cont’d.
39 Music Education 220 40 Home Economics 220 41 Art Education 220 42 Health, Physical Education, and Recreation 220 43 Health 220 44 Physical Education 220 46 Dance 220 47 Driver Education 220 48 Library Science 220 49 Environmental Studies 220 50 Computer Science 220 51 Guidance Counselor 220 53 Fine Arts 220 54 Humanities 220 56 Mentally Impaired 220 57 Speech and Language Impaired 220 58 Physically or Otherwise Health Impaired 220 59 Emotionally Impaired 220 61 Visually Impaired 220 62 Hearing Impaired 220 63 Learning Disabled 220 64 Autistic 220 65 Bilingual French 220 66 Bilingual German 220 67 Bilingual Greek 220 68 Bilingual Latin 220 69 Bilingual Russian 220 70 Bilingual Spanish 220 71 Bilingual Italian 220 

APPENDIX B: LIST OF NES-DEVELOPED STATE TESTS

Appendix B: List of NES-Developed State Tests: 1998, cont’d.
276

72 Bilingual Polish 220 73 Bilingual Hebrew 220 74 Bilingual Arabic 220 75 Bilingual Other 220 76 Bilingual Vietnamese 220 77 Bilingual Korean 220 78 Bilingual Yugoslavian 220 79 Bilingual Chaldean 220 80 Bilingual Chinese 220 81 Bilingual Japanese 220 82 Early Childhood Education 220 83 Elementary Education 220 

NEW MEXICO NEW MEXICO TEACHER ASSESSMENTS (NMTA) PASSING SCORE Basic Skills New Mexico Assessment of Teacher Basic Skills * 

New Mexico Assessment of Teacher General Knowledge * 

Professional Knowledge New Mexico Assessment of Teacher Competency * *New Mexico has not yet established a cut score for the New Mexico Teacher Assessments.**New Mexico has not yet established a scoring scale for the New Mexico Teacher Assessments.NEW YORK NEW YORK STATE TEACHER CERTIFICATION EXAMINATIONS (NYSTCE) PASSING SCORE Basic Skills 90 Elementary Assessment of Teaching Skills, Written (ATS-W) 220 

91 Secondary Assessment of Teaching Skills, Written (ATS-W) 220 01 Liberal Arts and Sciences (LAST) 220 023 English Language Proficiency Assessment for Classroom Personnel (ELPA-C) 220 024 Target Language Proficiency Assessment (TLPA) - Spanish 220 026 Target Language Proficiency Assessment (TLPA) - Haitian Creole 220 027 Target Language Proficiency Assessment (TLPA) - Cantonese 220 028 Target Language Proficiency Assessment (TLPA) - Mandarin 220 029 Target Language Proficiency Assessment (TLPA) - Russian 220 030 Target Language Proficiency Assessment (TLPA) - Arabic 220 

APPENDIX B: LIST OF NES-DEVELOPED STATE TESTS

Appendix B: List of NES-Developed State Tests: 1998, cont’d.
031 Target Language Proficiency Assessment (TLPA) - French 220 032 Target Language Proficiency Assessment (TLPA) - Korean 220 034 Target Language Proficiency Assessment (TLPA) - Urdu 220 037 Target Language Proficiency Assessment (TLPA) - Polish 220 043 Target Language Proficiency Assessment (TLPA) - Bengali 220 049 Target Language Proficiency Assessment (TLPA) - Vietnamese 220 

Subject Matter Knowledge 02 Elementary Education 220 

03 English 220 04 Mathematics 220 05 Social Studies 220 06 Biology 220 07 Chemistry 220 08 Earth Sciences 220 09 Physics 220 21 Early Childhood Education 220 22 English to Speakers of Other Languages 220 10 Latin 220 11 Cantonese 220 12 French 220 13 German 220 14 Greek 220 15 Hebrew 220 16 Italian 220 17 Japanese 220 18 Mandarin 220 19 Russian 220 20 Spanish 220 

OKLAHOMA CERTIFICATION EXAMINATIONS FOR OKLAHOMA EDUCATORS (CEOE) PASSING SCORE Basic Skills 74 Oklahoma General Education Test (OGET) 240 

APPENDIX B: LIST OF NES-DEVELOPED STATE TESTS

Appendix B: List of NES-Developed State Tests: 1998, cont’d.
278

Professional Knowledge 70 OPTE: Early Childhood Education (PK-3) 240 

71 OPTE: Elementary/ Middle Level (1-8 or 5-9) 240 72 OPTE: Middle Level/Secondary (6-12 or 5-9) 240 73 OPTE: Multi-Level (PK-12) 240 

Subject Matter Knowledge 11 OSAT: Advanced Mathematics 240 

42 OSAT: Agricultural Education 240 02 OSAT: Art 240 10 OSAT: Biological Sciences 240 28 OSAT: Blind/Visual Impairment 240 40 OSAT: Business Education 240 04 OSAT: Chemistry 240 30 OSAT: Deaf/Hard of Hearing 240 36 OSAT: Driver Safety Education 240 05 OSAT: Early Childhood Education 240 08 OSAT: Earth Science 240 06 OSAT: Elementary Education 240 07 OSAT: English 240 09 OSAT: Family and Consumer Sciences 240 20 OSAT: French 240 21 OSAT: German 240 01 OSAT: Instrumental/General Music 240 37 OSAT: Journalism 240 23 OSAT: Latin 240 41 OSAT: Marketing Education 240 24 OSAT: Middle Level English 240 25 OSAT: Middle Level/Intermediate Mathematics 240 26 OSAT: Middle Level Science 240 27 OSAT: Middle Level Social Studies 240 29 OSAT: Mild/Moderate Disabilities 240 

APPENDIX B: LIST OF NES-DEVELOPED STATE TESTS

Appendix B: List of NES-Developed State Tests: 1998, cont’d.
12 OSAT: Physical Education/Health/Safety 240 13 OSAT: Physical Science 240 14 OSAT: Physics 240 32 OSAT: Psychology/Sociology 240 22 OSAT: Russian 240 31 OSAT: Severe/Profound/Multiple Disabilities 240 19 OSAT: Spanish 240 16 OSAT: Speech/Drama/Debate 240 43 OSAT: Technology Education 240 17 OSAT: U.S. History/OK History/Government/Economics 240 03 OSAT: Vocal/General Music 240 18 OSAT: World History/Geography 240 

OREGON TEST PASSING SCORE Basic Skills California Basic Educational Skills Test (CBEST): Reading 41 

California Basic Educational Skills Test (CBEST): Writing 41 California Basic Educational Skills Test (CBEST): Mathematics 41 

TEXAS EXAMINATION FOR THE CERTIFICATION OF EDUCATORS IN TEXAS PASSING SCORE 

(ExCET)

Professional Knowledge 03 Secondary Professional Development 70 

02 Elementary Professional Development 70 

Subject Matter 04 Elementary Comprehensive 70 

06 Art 70 71 American Sign Language 70 73 TASC-American Sign Language 70 53 Basic Business 70 23 Biology 70 54 Business Administration 70 52 Business Composite 70 20 Chemistry 70 

APPENDIX B: LIST OF NES-DEVELOPED STATE TESTS

Appendix B: List of NES-Developed State Tests: 1998, cont’d.
280

18 Composite Science 70 24 Composite Social Studies 70 51 Computer Information Systems 70 44 Dance 70 21 Earth Science 70 27 Economics 70 16 English 70 48 French 70 26 Geography 70 49 German 70 25 Government 70 29 Health Education 70 28 History 70 30 Industrial Technology 70 46 Journalism 70 50 Latin 70 19 Life/Earth Science 70 65 Middle School Science 70 56 Marketing Education 70 17 Mathematics 70 08 Music 70 10 Physical Education 70 22 Physical Science 70 34 Physics 70 57 Psychology 70 45 Reading 70 55 Secretarial Business 70 58 Sociology 70 47 Spanish 70 

APPENDIX B: LIST OF NES-DEVELOPED STATE TESTS

Appendix B: List of NES-Developed State Tests: 1998, cont’d.
42 Speech Communication 70 41 Theater Arts 70 31 Vocational Home Economics 70 33 Vocational Agriculture: Horticulture 70 32 Vocation Agriculture: Production 70 05 All-Level Art 70 07 All-Level Music 70 09 All-Level Physical Education 70 40 Special Education-Hearing Impaired 70 72 TASC 70 66 Bilingual Elementary Comprehensive 70 67 Bilingual Endorsement 70 14 Early Childhood Education 70 12 English as a Second Language 70 11 Generic Special Education 70 41 Information Processing Technologies 70 35 Learning Resources 70 38 Severely Emotionally Disturbed and Autistic 70 37 Severely and Profoundly Handicapped 70 36 Visually Impaired 70 75 Braille 70 80 TOPT French 70 81 TOPT Spanish 70 

APPENDIX B: LIST OF NES-DEVELOPED STATE TESTS

Appendix B: List of NES-Developed State Tests: 1998, cont’d.
282 APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields1

State Teachers with waivers Teachers with waivers Teachers with waivers African and Agriculture 

in high poverty districts in low poverty districts Semiotic Lang.

Appendix C contains the waiver data collected on the initial questionnaire.State respondents were asked to report the number of teachers and thenumber of teachers with waivers disaggregated by high- and low-povertydistricts and by subject areas. However, this reporting was inconsistent in itsdetail. Therefore, for some states, the number of teachers with waivers mayhave been reported, but not the total number of teachers, thus making itimpossible to develop a percentage for that district, field, or level.Definitions of high- and low-poverty districts are provided in the glossaryand in the section “How to Read the State Profiles.”The focus of appendix C should be the waivers by field. Since states have anumber of different categories for the exceptions allowed from certificationand licensure requirements, it would be inappropriate to compare the waiver

totals or percentages from state to state. Descriptunique to each state or jurisdiction are to be founEvery attempt was made to clarify the state-reporcalculating the percentage of teachers with waiverT = Total number of teachersW= Number of teachers with waivers% = Percentage of teachers with waiversNR = Data not reportedNA = Not Applicable (data may be missing so the calculated)

Alabama2 26,054 732 2.8 14,319 497 3.5 11,735 235 2.0 32 10 Alaska3 9,563 5 0.1 1,223 3 0.3 8,280 2 .02Arizona4Arkansas 42,000CaliforniaColorado 37,841 659 1.7 7,632 302 4.0 30,209 357 1.2Connecticut5 47,096 106 6 0.2 8,397 41 0.5 36,511 37 0.1Delaware 7,525 149 2.0 130 4 3.1 7,384 145 2.0District of ColumbiaFlorida7 65,001 732 1.1 309 22 Georgia8 86,303 3,290 3.8 61,275 2,428 4.0 25,028 862 3.4 6 1 16.7 3 Hawaii9 11,223 841 7.5 5,498 367 6.7 5,634 474 8.4 3 Idaho10 13,395 396 3.0 755 37 4.9 12,641 359 2.8Illinois11Indiana12 1,149 13 299 631 6 Iowa14 34,309 1,463 4.3 1 

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W
State Teachers with waivers Teachers with waivers Teachers with waivers African and Agricul

in high poverty districts in low poverty districts Semiotic Lang.

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W

APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, c

Kansas 31,940 53 0.2 15 38Kentucky 46,369 398 0.9 227(15) 171Louisiana16 53,857 6,726 12.5 46,252 6,202 13.4 7,605 524 6.9Maine17 15,086 42 (18) 0.3 5 26Maryland19 48,489 2,776 5.7 27,676 2,351 8.5 20,813 425 2.0Massachusetts20 64,682 378 0.6 16,300 278 1.7 48,382 100 0.2Michigan 452 187 265 Minnesota 62,634 636 (21) 1.0 8,916 79 0.9 53,718 557 1.0 Mississippi22 57,363 545 0.9 437 108Missouri23 3,554 17 Montana24 10,228 7 0.1 5.5 1.5Nebraska25 20,008 252 1.3 3,555 78 2.2 16,453 173 1.1Nevada26 18,396 197 (27) 1.1 11,411 50 0 6,062 126 2.1New HampshireNew Jersey28 89,204 1,014 1.1New Mexico29 35,028 1,994 5.7 30,976 1,794 5.8 4,052 200 4.9New York30 214,309 19,539 9.1 188 35 North Carolina 68,238 6,368 9.3 36,523 3,652 10.0 31,715 2,716 8.6North Dakota 8,653 7 0.1 1,033 1 0.1 5,214 6 0.1 89 OhioOklahoma 47,655 281 (31) 0.6 146 95Oregon32 28,799 302 (33) 1.1 5,465 73 1.3 23,334 216 0.9Pennsylvania 109,156 1,795 1.6 27,815 1,144 4.1 81,341 651 0.8Rhode Island34 11,067 150 1.4 2,684 142 5.3 8,916 8 0.1 9 South Carolina35 42,650 766 1.8 27,111 615 2.3 14,951 151 1.0 South Dakota36 8,643 295 3.4 1,729 105 6.1 6,914 190 2.7 63 3 
284

Tennessee37 51,030 903 (38) 1.8 19,480 518 2.7 31,550 385 1.2Texas39 240,951 42,470 17.6 Utah 23,177 252 1.0 260 22,917VermontVirginia40 84,231 5,277 6.2 21,637 1,645 7.6 62,594 3,632 5.8Washington 62,607 418 0.7 West Virginia41 2,046 1,105 153Wisconsin 57,017 1,920 3.4 7,797 49,218Wyoming42 8,156 183 2.2 723 14 1.9 7,433 169 2.2 149 American SamoaDoDEAGuam 2,191 74 3.4Northern Mariana IslandsPuerto RicoVirgin Islands

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, cont

State Teachers with waivers Teachers with waivers Teachers with waivers African and Agriculture 

in high poverty districts in low poverty districts Semiotic Lang.

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W

State Art/Music Basic Skills Bilingual Biology Business 

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W

APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Alabama2 136 12 8.8 531 46 Alaska3Arizona4ArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticut5 136 12 8.8 602 62 10.3 602 1 0.2Delaware
District of ColumbiaFlorida7Georgia8Hawaii9 2 6Idaho10Illinois11Indiana12 14 1 Iowa14 10 15 Kansas 2 KentuckyLouisiana16Maine17Maryland19Massachusetts20Michigan 2 MinnesotaMississippi22Missouri23 67 32 Montana24Nebraska25Nevada26New HampshireNew Jersey28 272New Mexico29 602 158 6New York30 147 38 25.9 3,316 1,021 30.8 2,945 31North Carolina 13 2 

State Art/Music Basic Skills Bilingual Biology Busin

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W

APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, c
286

North Dakota 349 2 OhioOklahomaOregon32PennsylvaniaRhode Island34 30 179 7 3.9 186 1 South Carolina35 2,586 527 South Dakota36 98 4 Tennessee37Texas39 11,246 1,831 16.3UtahVermontVirginia40Washington 1West Virginia41WisconsinWyoming42American SamoaDoDEAGuamNorthern Mariana IslandsPuerto RicoVirgin Islands

APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, cont

State Art/Music Basic Skills Bilingual Biology Business 

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W
State Chinese Communication Computer Science Dance Dramatic 

Technologies

APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, c

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W

Alabama2 Alaska3Arizona4ArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticut5 1DelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFlorida7Georgia8 71 5 7.0 18 1 5.6 219 11 Hawaii9 6Idaho10Illinois11Indiana12 1Iowa14 26 KansasKentuckyLouisiana16Maine17Maryland19Massachusetts20Michigan 7Minnesota 1Mississippi22Missouri23 25 
288

Montana24Nebraska25Nevada26New HampshireNew Jersey28New Mexico29New York30 2,062 127 6.2 160 53 33.1 268 202 North CarolinaNorth Dakota 4 OhioOklahomaOregon32PennsylvaniaRhode Island34 22South Carolina35 8 415 South Dakota36 186 22 11.8 Tennessee37Texas39UtahVermontVirginia40Washington 4 1West Virginia41WisconsinWyoming42 23 2 8.7 1 American Samoa

APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, cont

State Chinese Communication Computer Science Dance Dramatic Arts 

Technologies

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W
T W% T W % T W % TW % T W

Alabama2 6,943 36 0.5 3,287 66 2.0 Alaska3Arizona4 30,094 60 0.2ArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticut5 187 1 0.5 2,583 1 0DelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFlorida7 9,308 676 7.3 5,278 1,65Georgia8 36,202 566 1.6 7,729 226 2.9 483 15 Hawaii9 2 9 26 27Idaho10 6,833 7 0.1Illinois11Indiana12 8 25 22Iowa14 8 37 32Kansas 1

State Chinese Communication Computer Science Dance Dramatic 

Technologies

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W

APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, c

State Early Childhood Earth Science Elementary English English 

Second La

DoDEAGuamNorthern Mariana IslandsPuerto RicoVirgin Islands
290

KentuckyLouisiana16 24,741 2,018 8.2Maine17Maryland19Massachusetts20Michigan 6 51 3 13MinnesotaMississippi22Missouri23 249 14 415 208 20Montana24Nebraska25 11,705 98 0.8Nevada26 8,583New HampshireNew Jersey28 230New Mexico29 167 113New York30 15,248 1,586 10.4 3,595 675 North CarolinaNorth Dakota 4,488 744 1 0.1 OhioOklahomaOregon32 17,886 2 0 1,365 3 0.2 51(44) Pennsylvania 45,792 651 1.4 1 17Rhode Island34 2 7 3,994 7 0.2 455 1 0.2 40 17 South Carolina35 12,133 31South Dakota36 3,537 5 0.1 759 54 7.1 Tennessee37

APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, cont

State Early Childhood Earth Science Elementary English English as a 

Second Languag

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W
Alabama2Alaska3Arizona4ArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticut5 373 1 0.3DelawareDistrict of Columbia

State French Geography German Health Hearing Im

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W

State Early Childhood Earth Science Elementary English English 

Second La

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W

APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, c

Texas39 79,323 4,425 5.6 24,093 5,158 21.4 6,450 1,5Utah 10,788VermontVirginia40Washington 3 24,856 2 0 6 2 West Virginia41Wisconsin 37,651 110 0.3Wyoming42 87 2 2.3 1,454 6 0.4 31 American SamoaDoDEAGuam43Northern Mariana IslandsPuerto RicoVirgin Islands
292

Florida7 338 7 2.1 79 3 3.8Georgia8 245 12 4.9 1,263 36 2.8Hawaii9 2 11Idaho10Illinois11 7Indiana12 7 1 5 19Iowa14 4 20 1 31 16KansasKentuckyLouisiana16Maine17 5Maryland19Massachusetts20Michigan 1 1 1MinnesotaMississippi22Missouri23 18 10 106 7Montana24Nebraska25Nevada26New HampshireNew Jersey28New Mexico29 20New York30 3,112 670 21.5North CarolinaNorth Dakota 7

APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, cont

State French Geography German Health Hearing Impair

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W
OhioOklahomaOregon32Pennsylvania 1Rhode Island34 75 1 1.3 3 15South Carolina35 1,163 32 162 2,425South Dakota36 107 8 7.5Tennessee37Texas39UtahVermontVirginia40Washington 1 1 2West Virginia41WisconsinWyoming42 966 5 5.2American SamoaDoDEAGuamNorthern Mariana IslandsPuerto RicoVirgin Islands

APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, c

State French Geography German Health Hearing Im

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W
294

Alabama2 465 59 Alaska3Arizona4ArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticut5 461 2 0.4 2DelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFlorida7 Georgia8 899 18 2.0 2,118 102 4.8Hawaii9 622Idaho10Illinois11Indiana12 21 8 5 Iowa14 4KansasKentuckyLouisiana16Maine17Maryland19Massachusetts20Michigan 5Minnesota 2Mississippi22Missouri23 24 43 

APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, cont

State Home Economics Humanities Japanese Life Sciences Language 

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W
Montana24Nebraska25Nevada26New HampshireNew Jersey28New Mexico29 6 22 New York30 1,300 229 17.6 428 89 20.8North CarolinaNorth Dakota 188OhioOklahomaOregon32PennsylvaniaRhode Island34 2 2 1 50.0 South Carolina35 1,636 South Dakota36 122 6 4.9Tennessee37Texas39UtahVermontVirginia40Washington 1 2West Virginia41WisconsinWyoming42 381 2 0.5American Samoa

APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, c

State Home Economics Humanities Japanese Life Sciences Langu

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W
296 APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, cont

State Home Economics Humanities Japanese Life Sciences Language 

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W

DoDEAGuamNorthern Mariana IslandsPuerto RicoVirgin Islands

State Mathematics Middle Grades Music Other Physical Educati

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W

Alabama2 2,471 102 4.1 1,315 55 4.2 397 37 9.3Alaska3Arizona4ArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticut5DelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFlorida7 3,251 208 6.4 2,594 405 15.6 4,914 595 Georgia8 5,786 160 2.8 8,153 381 4.7 2,876 79 2.7 4,409 69 Hawaii9 61 12 9 Idaho10Illinois11Indiana12 44 7 12 Iowa14 29 67 17 64 45 Kansas 1 2 5 
KentuckyLouisiana16Maine17 10Maryland19Massachusetts20Michigan 14 21 65 13Minnesota 1 Mississippi22Missouri23 182 1 76 12Montana24Nebraska25Nevada26New HampshireNew Jersey28New Mexico29 43 6 79 22New York30 14,964 1,549 10.4 6,794(46) 284 4.2 9,259 43North CarolinaNorth Dakota 527 178 1 339OhioOklahomaOregon32 1,111(47) 2 0.2 256(48) 10 3.9 6,086 128 2.1PennsylvaniaRhode Island34 441 8 1.8 1,299 1 South Carolina35 6,083 3,176 2,184South Dakota36 528 37 7.0 261 14 5.4 114 6 Tennessee37

APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, c

State Mathematics Middle Grades Music Other Physical Ed

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W
298 APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, cont

Texas39 17,759 4,012 22.6 19,105 4,707 UtahVermontVirginia40Washington 15 2 15West Virginia41WisconsinWyoming42 992 13 1.3 52 676 6 0.9 1,475 7 American SamoaDoDEAGuamNorthern Mariana IslandsPuerto RicoVirgin Islands

State Mathematics Middle Grades Music Other Physical Educati

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W

State Physics P-12 Pre-K Psychology Reading 

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W

Alabama2Alaska3Arizona4ArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticut5 1,706 2 0.1 384 1 Delaware
District of ColumbiaFlorida7Georgia8 3,778 314 8.3 Hawaii9 3Idaho10Illinois11Indiana12 10 2 1Iowa14 26 11 74Kansas 1KentuckyLouisiana16Maine17Maryland19Massachusetts20Michigan 1MinnesotaMississippi22Missouri23 22 13Montana24Nebraska25Nevada26New HampshireNew Jersey28New Mexico29 1 30New York30 7,585 280 3.7 8,331 95North Carolina

APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, c

State Physics P-12 Pre-K Psychology Readi

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W
300

North DakotaOhioOklahomaOregon32PennsylvaniaRhode Island34 64 1 1.6 4South Carolina35 146 1,333 1,602South Dakota36 25 10 40.0Tennessee37Texas39UtahVermontVirginia40Washington 5West Virginia41WisconsinWyoming42 87 2 2.3 700 3 0.4 6American SamoaDoDEAGuamNorthern Mariana IslandsPuerto RicoVirgin Islands

APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, cont

State Physics P-12 Pre-K Psychology Reading 

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W
Alabama2 2,100 89 4.2 6,943 36 0.5 1,475 40 Alaska3Arizona4 11,543 24 0.2ArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticut5 701 1 0.1DelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFlorida7 6,379 444 6.5 6,247 29Georgia8 536 6 1.1 2,022 117 5.8 5,470 14Hawaii9 55 19Idaho10 6,562 389 5.9Illinois11Indiana12 6 87 9Iowa14 20 87Kansas 1 2KentuckyLouisiana16Maine17 9Maryland19Massachusetts20Michigan 8 6MinnesotaMississippi22 18,800Missouri23 183 18

APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, c

State Russian Science Secondary Self-contained Social Studie

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W
302

Montana24Nebraska25Nevada26New HampshireNew Jersey28New Mexico29 27 117 22New York30 13,437 1,748 13.0 13,027 1,281 North CarolinaNorth Dakota 426 4,130 398OhioOklahomaOregon32 1013(51) 2 0.2 10,913 300 2.8PennsylvaniaRhode Island34 160 13 8.1 2,516 397 4 South Carolina35 8 6,460 11,771 South Dakota36 527 55 10.4 493 50 Tennessee37Texas39 14,048 3,024 21.5 16,095 3,540 Utah 10,020VermontVirginia40Washington 5 20,282West Virginia41Wisconsin 19,366 867 4.5Wyoming42 1,369 10 0.7 1,667 10 American Samoa

APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, cont

State Russian Science Secondary Self-contained Social Studies/His

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W
APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS 

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, c

State Russian Science Secondary Self-contained Social Studie

T W% T W % T W % TW % T W

DoDEAGuamNorthern Mariana IslandsPuerto RicoVirgin Islands

State Spanish Special Education Talented/Gifted Technology 

T W% T W % T W % TW % 

Alabama2 4,826 94 1.9 4 3 75.0 Alaska3Arizona4ArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticut5 922 19 2.1 5,453 2 0 675 6 0.9DelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFlorida7 1,282 30 2.3 11,199 867 7.7 8,460 1,385 16.4 927 164 17.7 Georgia8 1,055 45 4.3 669 19 2.8Hawaii9 5 445 1 Idaho10Illinois11Indiana12 21 975 13 Iowa14 25 502 25 15 Kansas 33 2
304

KentuckyLouisiana16Maine17 10 6Maryland19Massachusetts20Michigan 34 136Minnesota 2Mississippi22Missouri23 60 868 81 16 Montana24Nebraska25Nevada26New HampshireNew Jersey28 512New Mexico29 477 4 New York30 29,179 1,783 6.1 832 51 6.1 1,877 (49) 487 25.8 6,930 North CarolinaNorth Dakota 363 110 2 1.8 96OhioOklahomaOregon32 538(52) 34 6.3PennsylvaniaRhode Island34 178 5 2.8 5 1 107 South Carolina35 924 14,076 240 2,47South Dakota36 791 25 3.2 62 12 19.4 120 8 6.7 15 Tennessee37

APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, cont

State Spanish Special Education Talented/Gifted Technology 

T W% T W % T W % TW % T 
APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS 

Appendix C: Teachers with Waivers, By State, High- and Low-Poverty Districts, and Selected Fields, c

State Spanish Special Education Talented/Gifted Technology 

T W% T W % T W % TW % 

Texas39 19,419 3,788 19.5 Utah 2,379VermontVirginia40Washington 4 16 2 West Virginia41Wisconsin 878Wyoming42 2,043 20 0.9 American SamoaDoDEAGuamNorthern Mariana IslandsPuerto RicoVirgin Islands
306 APPENDIX C: TEACHERS WITH WAIVERS

Appendix C • Footnotes

1 States have made different distinctions within the broad categories of waivers which can be found in theWaivers Appendix C and individual state profiles. For the purposes of this table, we have collapsed thecategories under the term waiver, meaning non-regular or non-initial certification.2 Alabama includes Driver Education/Health in the same category and music, art and theatre in the samecategory.3 In Alaska, the state total is more than the sum of the high- and low-poverty districts because two have notbeen included on either poverty list. (Mt. Edgecumbe HS (boarding school): 29 Alyeska Central School(statewide correspondence school): 31)4 Waiver data for Arizona is for 1997-98.5 Waiver data for Connecticut is for 1997-98.6 Total number of waivers for Connecticut differs from the sum of high-and low-poverty districts becausesome districts could not be classified.7 In Florida, the data for special education includes mentally handicapped, physically impaired, speechpathology, hearing impaired, visually impaired, and exceptional for 1997-98.8 Waiver data for Georgia is for 1997-98.9 In Hawaii, the waiver data includes two types of waivers the code “w” waiver and the code “5” waiver.10 Waiver data for Idaho is for 1998-99.11 Illinois did not begin collecting waiver information until May 1999.12 In Indiana, special education includes hearing impaired, learning disabled, mild disability students,mildly mentally disabled, seriously emotionally disturbed, severely disabled, and visually handicapped.13 Total number of waivers for Indiana differs from the sum of high-and low-poverty districts because somedistricts could not be classified.14 Iowa does not issue waivers. The numbers included are for conditional licenses.15 Numbers in high and low poverty districts are according to Kentucky’s categories.16 This number includes administrators, guidance counselors and librarians in Louisiana.17 High- and low-poverty district information for Maine follows the state’s definition.18 Total number of waivers for Maine differs from the sum of high-and low-poverty districts because somedistricts could not be classified.19 Waiver data for Maryland is as of February 5, 1999.20 The numbers for Massachusetts represent full- time equivalent teachers in 1997-98, those who arecurrently employed. Some districts may include those with waivers in the totals and some may not.21 Total number of waivers for Minnesota differs from the sum of high-and low-poverty districts becausesome districts could not be classified.22 Waiver data for Mississippi is for 1996-97; numbers include the total number of certified educators.23 Missouri does not grant waivers; these data are for provisional certification issued to applicants who arecurrently teachers and are seeking additional certification.24 Waiver data for Montana is for 1997-98 school year.25 Waiver data for Nebraska is for 1997-98 .26 The total number of teachers for Nevada and the number of teachers with waivers (teaching out of the

field) are from the 1997-98 school year.27 Total number of waivers for Nevada differs from the sum of high-adistricts could not be classified.28 Waiver data for New Jersey is for 1997-98.29 Waiver data for New Mexico includes one-year emergency licenses 98.30 Waiver data for New York is for 1996-97 and includes only classro31 Total number of waivers for Oklahoma differs from the sum of higsome districts could not be classified.32 Waiver data for Oregon is for 1997-98.33 Total number of waivers for Oregon differs from the sum of high-adistricts could not be classified.34 Waiver data for Rhode Island is for 1997-98.35 South Carolina issues conditional licenses, not waivers.36 Waiver data for South Dakota is for 1998-99.37 In Tennessee, the data listed in some cases reflects those who were reflects the total number of endorsements that were issued (not all of 38 Total number of waivers for Tennessee differs from the sum of highsome districts could not be classified.39 Waiver data for Texas is for 1996-97.40 The data for Virginia represents the number of currently employed 41 The data for West Virginia includes state superintendents’ authorizfield authorizations.42 Wyoming poverty data is for 1998-99 and subject data is for 199743 In Alabama, data for driver education includes health and physical 44 In Oregon, data for English as a Second Language is at the second45 In Oregon, data for foreign language is at the secondary level.46 In New York, data for music includes music, art/music and theatre 47 In Oregon, data for math is at the secondary level.48 In Oregon, data for music is at the secondary level.59 In New York, technology includes technology and technical educat50 In New York, vocational education includes trade education and o51 In Oregon, data for science is at the secondary level.52 In Oregon, data for Special Education is at the secondary level.NOTE: The field specific data on waivers may apply to elementary, a level is given it is noted in the footnotes.NOTE: Blank cells indicate that waiver data was not available.
APPENDIX D: QUESTIONNAIRE 

Appendix D: Questionnaire

Office of Postsecondary EducationU.S. Department of EducationInitial State Report Card on Teacher Preparation Programs and CandidatesInitial Report QuestionnaireContents■ Paperwork Burden Statement■ Topic 1: Teacher certification and licensure assessments and other requirements■ Topic 5: Teacher candidate pass rates, by institution■ Topic 6: Waivers of certification or licensure requirementsRespondent name and title:Respondent phone number:and electronic mail address:Respondent address:State or jurisdiction:The purpose of this Congressionally-mandated task is to collect data on states’ requirements and standards for teacher certifias data on the performance of elementary and secondary teacher preparation programs. The mandate for this effort is contaiEducation Amendments of 1998, Section 207.The Office of Postsecondary Education is requesting initial state reports as specified in law by April 7, 1999. The initial repCongress is due on July 7, 1999.The law also requires the Secretary to submit an annual report to the Congress, first due in April 2001. That report will be bcards, which are first due on October 7, 2000. Data from institutions with teacher preparation programs are due to state autApril 2000, for use by states in preparing annual report cards to the Secretary, who will in turn use this information to prepaThe enabling legislation, P.L. 105-244, Title II, Section 207 (c) (2), stipulates that states are not required to “...gather informpossession of the State or the teacher preparation programs in the State, or readily available to the State or teacher preparatiofilling out this questionnaire for the initial state report card.Paperwork Burden StatementAccording to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, no persons are required to respond to a collection of information unless OMB control number. The valid OMB control number for this information collection is 1840-0744 (expiration date 9/30/1complete this information collection is estimated to average two hours per response, including the time to review instructionresources, gather the data needed, and complete and review the information collection. If you have any comments concerninestimate(s) or suggestions for improving this form, please write to: U.S. Department of Education, Washington D.C. 20202or concerns regarding the status of your individual submission of this form, write directly to: Assistant Secretary, Office of PDepartment of Education, ROB-3, 7th and D Sts. S.W., Washington, DC 20202-4651.
308 APPENDIX D: QUESTIONNAIRE

Appendix D: Questionnaire, cont’d.

Topic 1. (from HEA 1998, P.L.105-244, Section 207 (b) (1)) “A description of the teacher certification and licensure assessmentscertification and licensure requirements, used by the State.”Complete category list for this topic:I. General status:No specific state teacher licensure or certification assessments or other requirements exist at this time.Mandatory state teacher assessments exist; there are no specific teacher licensure or certification requirements at this time.State teacher licensure or certification requirements exist; there are no teacher licensure or certification assessments required at thState teacher licensure or certification requirements and mandatory assessments exist.[Note: only one of these statements will appear in the short profile.]II. Specific assessments or course work required:For teacher licensure, certification, or endorsement, the state requires teachers to pass performance assessments, such as portfoliodemonstrations, or assessment center activities. (Please provide a description of all performance assessments.)For teacher licensure, certification, or endorsement, the state requires teachers to pass state-prescribed course work. (Please proviwork requirements.)For teacher licensure, certification, or endorsement, the state requires teachers to pass state-prescribed course work or pass writteprovide a description of course work requirements and written assessments.)For teacher licensure, certification, or endorsement, the state requires teachers to pass the following written tests, with passing scBasic skills: (name of test) (testing entity) (passing score and scale)Professional knowledge of teaching—elementary education: (name of test) (testing entity) (passing score and scale)Professional knowledge of teaching—middle grades education: (name of test) (testing entity) (passing score and scale)Professional knowledge of teaching—secondary education: (name of test) (testing entity) (passing score and scale)Subject matter knowledge:Subject area: English/Lang. Arts. Mathematics Science Social Studies (Other areas as appropriate)Passing score:III. General requirements:For regular certification, state teacher licensure and certification requirements currently include the following elements:■ A Bachelor’s degree in education from an accredited postsecondary institution, and completion of a state-approved teacher pr

■ A Bachelor’s degree in a subject area from an accredited postsecondary institution, and completion of a state-approved teache

■ A Bachelor’s degree in a subject area from an accredited postsecondary institution, with specific credit-hour requirements for 

education course work.
■ A degree from a non-U.S. institution equivalent to a Bachelor’s degree, and including general and professional education 

the state through review and transcript analysis.

■ A post-baccalaureate program or course work in professional education, and completion of a state-approved teacher prepa

■ A valid teaching certificate from a state with which your state has a reciprocity agreement.■ Passing a state-prescribed assessment.■ U.S. citizenship status (please detail).■ A fingerprint check or police record examination.■ Other requirements.[Note: only the statements that apply will appear in a state’s short profile.]IV. Licensure or certification renewal requirements.The state requires continuing education or other experiences for renewal of each teacher license or certificate. (Please detail.)Topic 5. (from HEA 1998, P.L.105-244, Section 207 (b) (5)) “The percentage of teaching candidates who passed each of the for teacher certification and licensure, disaggregated and ranked, by the teacher preparation program in that State from which received the candidate’s most recent degree, which shall be made available widely and publicly.”(State) Institution A Institution B, etc.Number taking assessment Percent passing Number taking assessment Percent passing Assessment 1 ATopic 6. (from HEA 1998, P.L.105-244, Section 207 (b) (6)) “Information on the extent to which teachers in the State are gcertification or licensure requirements, including the proportion of such teachers distributed across high- and low-poverty scareas.”First, please provide descriptions of the different categories your State uses to give temporary waivers of State certification or use different terms to denote a waiver of certification or licensure requirements, such as emergency permit, emergency certifimay define situations in which the teacher is certified to teach, but is teaching outside her or his own field for more than the fraction; or they may define situations in which the teacher lacks some of the elements needed for state certification, but is tethey may describe situations in which both of these apply.Please provide the numbers for the second and third rows of the table below. In order to assemble these numbers, you will neteachers, and the number of teachers with waivers of State certification or licensure requirements, for each school district and academic year 1997-1998.You do not have to compute the percentages (fourth row of the table).(State) State Totals High-Poverty Districts Low-Poverty Districts Elementary Sec.-English Etc.Total TeachersNo. with WaiversPercentage

APPENDIX D: QUESTIONNAIRE

Appendix D: Questionnaire, cont’d.
310

We ask that you certify if these numbers include:■ full-time teachers (_____ Yes ______ No)■ part-time teachers (_____ Yes ______ No)■ short-term substitute teachers (_____ Yes ______ No)■ long-term substitute teachers (_____ Yes ______ No)

APPENDIX D: QUESTIONNAIRE

Appendix D: Questionnaire, cont’d.
APPENDIX : GLOSSARY 

Glossary

This glossary presents a guide to the use of standard phrases appearing in the Initial Report and seeks to explain them in a wausage. At the same time, it is recognized that any one of these items may have a somewhat specialized meaning when used in example, in research, policy analysis, and editorial writing. In addition, throughout the report footnotes are used to clarify spabbreviations, and identify technical references.Accreditation: Accreditation is a system of quality assurance in whichinstitutions of postsecondary education and specific academic programsvoluntarily participate in a review of their goals and accomplishments inrelationship to a set of standards of performance established by their peers.Basic Skills: The term Basic Skills is generally used to refer to three areas ofknowledge: reading, writing, and mathematics. Some level of skill in thesethree areas is not only thought to be crucial for students, but also for theirclassroom teachers. The two national testing companies that have developedteacher assessments offer exams in each of these areas. Basic Skillsassessments are taken at various times in the teaching candidate’s educationalcareer and are sometimes used by teacher preparation programs to assessthese skills before or at entry into the program itself.Continuing Education Unit: The Continuing Education Unit or CEU, is aunit of measure of the credit earned through classroom or experientiallearning. In the Initial Report, the term is used in the context ofrequirements for renewal of the teacher certificate or license.Credit Hour Requirements: Credit Hour Requirements refer to thespecified number of hours of credit that must be earned by course or byprogram. The credits (depending on the mode of delivery of the learningexperience) may be earned in a traditional classroom, through technologymediated learning, in the laboratory, or in internship experiences.Certification and licensure requirements may specify the number of credithours by subject that must be accumulated before a teaching candidate isconsidered ready to apply for a certificate or license.Emergency Certificate: The term Emergency Certificate is used to describethe special allowance granted (either by the state or the school district basedon the state’s guidelines) which permits the hiring of individuals who do notmeet the requirements for a standard certificate for teaching slots. In moststates where some form of emergency certificate exists, the school districtmust show evidence of an effort to hire a certified teacher for the openposition before the allowance is made. Emergency Certificates tend to beshort-term in duration.

Educational Testing Service (ETS): ETS is thorganization that authored nationally used asprofession. The first generation of these tests Teachers Exam (NTE). The second generatioAssessments for Beginning Teachers). There aII, and III). Praxis exams are related to the arassess: Basic Skills, Professional Knowledge oKnowledge, and Classroom Performance.General Teacher Certification or Licensure R

Requirements refer to the broadest statement candidate must meet to be granted a teaching states have multiple options for those seeking even though the options are stated differentlyof the following: participation and completiocourse-taking (the course credits may be earneducation, while working in a school system, verification) resulting in a degree or in prograsuccessful completion of state-required assesscourse or experience requirements set by each common to verify that the individual does nobasically a citizen in good standing within thHigh-Poverty Districts: The Initial Report hpoverty that is in accordance with Title I guidis a school district in which the proportion o17 living in poverty was 20 percent or higher data available).High Waiver Areas: The term High Waiver Apurpose of this report and the analysis of manteachers with waivers. For states that were ablnumber and percentage of teachers with waivcomparison was made between that number othe median number or percentage of teachers overall. If the waiver number or percentage w
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Glossary, cont’d.

area was designated as a High Waiver Area and it is reported on the stateprofile in the waiver section.INTASC (Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium):The Interstate New Teacher Assessment and Support Consortium (INTASC)is a consortium of state education agencies, higher education institutions,and national educational organizations dedicated to the reform of theeducation, licensing, and on-going professional development of teachers.Created in 1987, INTASC’s primary constituency is state education agenciesresponsible for teacher licensing and professional development. Its work isguided by one basic premise: An effective teacher must be able to integratecontent knowledge with pedagogical understanding to assure that allstudents learn and perform at high levels. INTASC’s mission is to promotestandards-based reform through the development of model standards andassessments for beginning teachers.LEA: LEA or the Local Education Agency is the entity that has responsibility

for the operations of the school district.Low-Poverty Districts: The Initial Report has used a definition of low-poverty

that is in accordance with Title I guidelines: a low-poverty district is a schooldistrict in which the proportion of children in the age range of 5-17 living inpoverty was below 20 percent as of 1995-96 (the most recent data available).National Evaluation Systems (NES): NES is a second commercial testdevelopment organization that has constructed teacher assessments in manyskill and knowledge areas. States choosing to use NES exams customize theassessments to match their state requirements and standards for newlyprepared teachers. In general, once this customization has occurred, the newassessment is named for the state in which it is being used.Pass Rates: Title II reporting requirements specify that each state was tosubmit a pass rate for the completers of state-approved teacher preparationprograms on each assessment taken. Pass rates are reported only in the caseswhere there were 10 or more test takers per assessment. Each pass rateindicates the proportion of completers taking and passing a specific test.Passing scores are set by states using test score ranges that are provided bythe test makers. Respondents to the initial questionnaire were asked tocalculate a pass rate by taking the total number passing the assessment anddividing that by the total number taking the assessment and multiplyingthat by 100.

Pedagogy: The art and science of teaching.Performance Assessment: A performance assessmto document student learning. The assessment of performance is based on a rubric or set of categorperformance to expectations or standards and themeasures of performance. Performance AssessmenETS and other test development organizations anINTASC, demonstrating that they can be standarPerformance Assessment unique is its emphasis oon a set of activities. An individual may demonstthrough solving a problem, writing an essay, devework, etc.Professional Knowledge of Teaching: Assessmenknowledge of teaching refer to specific tests that teaching candidates regarding principles of teachiRenewal of Certificate or License Requirementsrefer to the education, work, and other requiremeteachers to maintain or advance their status as tearegarding the duration for the first license vary, arenewal. In some states, there is a progression of hlicenses which teachers must earn as they increase and knowledge.Score Ranges: Test developers establish score rangrange is the minimum and maximum score expecassessment.SEA: SEA or the State Education Agency is the e

for the operations of all school districts within thSpecial Course Requirements: The phrase Speciaused to refer to specific courses above and beyond approved teacher preparation program, which somcandidates in order to receive an initial teacher cestudies of the state Constitution, the U.S. Governhuman relations, etc.Standard Teacher Certificate: The standard certitraditional credential granted to an individual wh
APPENDIX : GLOSSARY 

Glossary, cont’d.

requirements and has been approved to assume the full responsibilities of aclassroom teacher.State Cut Scores: Each state sets a minimum passing score for everyassessment it offers to teaching candidates. Also known as the cut score,these scores are within the measurement range established for the assessmentby the test maker.Subject Matter Knowledge: The phrase Subject Matter Knowledge is usedto refer to the content knowledge of the subject in which a teachingcandidate is specializing, for example, French or mathematics. Assessmentsof subject area knowledge have been created to determine whether theteaching candidate has developed the knowledge and skills in that area tomeet professional expectations for classroom teaching.Teaching Candidate: A teaching candidate is an individual seeking teachercertification or licensure. In this report, the candidate is viewed as a programcompleter, having successfully obtained a credential that reflects thecompletion of an approved program, wherever it may be located.Teaching Certificate or License: The certificate or license is the documentissued by a recognized state authority that clearly indicates an individual hasmet all requirements and may assume the full responsibilities of a teacher.The data collection for the Initial Report discovered that states have manydifferent names for the certificate and that the first certificate varies induration and level.Also, states are beginning to move in the direction of a licensure system thatincludes three tiers and that recognizes teachers’ development throughouttheir careers, however, few states actually have three-stage licensure in place.The three tiers are marked by different licenses which are defined as follows:■ The initial license, often called “probationary” or “provisional,” is

granted to beginning teachers for a limited number of years. It signifiesthat an individual has met initial requirements and has the potential tobecome a good teacher. It also recognizes that all new teachers need timeto improve their teaching and to be evaluated on their classroomperformance before they earn full licensure. Many states do not requirethe initial license.

■ The full or standard license signifies a state’s approval of an individual as

a fully qualified, competent teacher. It is granted to teachers who have

met all of the state’s requirements for entelicense is the first stage of teacher licensurstage in states that require a provisional li

■ The advanced license is used by states tha

teachers to earn a higher credential based performance. One form of this third stage the National Board for Professional Teach

Teacher Preparation Program: A teacher prepapproved course of study preparing a teachinlicensure. The program may be housed at a cowithin a consortium of institutions), or at the managed by a private entity. In any case, the teaching candidates with the basic principles the subject matter and it must be approved bTeacher Standards: The expectations that a steacher should know and be able to do, or sothat a teacher is expected to be. Standards infestablishing and evaluating requirements.An example of part of a standard for teachers Standards proposed by the Interstate New TeConsortium (INTASC).

Principle #1: The teacher understands tools of inquiry, and structures of the dteaches and can create learning experieaspects of the subject matter meaningf

Waiver: The term waiver is used to refer to a certification or licensure requirements that is often not renewable.
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