T hi s di s pos i t i on i s notappr opr i a t e f orpubl i c a t i on and i s notpr e c e de nt * e xc e pta s pr ovi de d by9th C i r . R . 36- 3.

T he pa ne l una ni m ous l yc onc l ude s thi s c a s e i s s ui t abl e f orde c i s i on ** w ith o u t o r a l ar g u m e n t. See F ed. R . A pp . P . 34 (a )( 2). D A T / R es ear ch NOT F OR P UB L I CAT I ON

UN I TE D STATE S C OU RT OF APPE ALS FOR T HE NI NTH CI RC UI T UN I T E D S T AT E S OF AME R I C A, P l ai nt i ff

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A pp ea l fr om the U ni t ed S t at es D i stri ctC ou rt f o rth e S o u th e rn D is tr ic t o f C a lif o rn ia T hom a s J . W he l a n, D i s tr i c tJudge , P r e s i di ng S ubm i tt e d M a r c h 16, 2010 ** B e f o r e : S C H R O E D E R , P R E G E R S O N , a n dR A W L I N S O N , C ir c u it Ju d g e s . M i gu elA ng elA vi l a- Q ueza da appeal s f rom the 57 -m on th sent ence i m po se d fol l ow i ng hi s gui l ty- pl eaconv i ct i on for bei ng a deport ed al i en foun d i n the U ni t ed S t a t e s , i n vi ol a t i on of

8 U . S . C . § 1326. W e ha ve j ur i s di c t i on pur s ua ntt o 

# FI LED MA R 31 2010 M OLLY C. DW Y ER, CLERK U . S. C O U R T OF APPE ALSD AT / Res ea r ch 09- 50303 2 2 8 U . S. C. § 1 2 9 1 , a n dw e a f f i rm. A vi l a - Q ue z a dac ont e nds tha tthe di s tr i c tc ourtpr oc e dur a l l ye rr e d by , a m ong o th e rth in g s , ap p ly in g a1 6 - le v e l e n h a n c e m e n t p u r s u a n t to U .S .S .G . § 2 L 1 .2 ( b ) ( 1 ) ( A ) ( ii) b e c au s e th e r e w a s in s u f f ic ie n t e v id e n c e a s to th e n a tu r e o f h is pr e di c a t e c onvi c t i on. T he di s tr i c tc ourtdi d note rrbyr e l y i ng on the unc ontr ove rt e d pr e - s e nt e nc e r e portt o de t e rm i ne tha tA vi l a - Q ue z a da ’ s c onvi c t i on w a s c a te g o r ic a llyav io le n t f e lo n y . Se e U

ni te d States v . R om e r o- R e ndon , 220 F . 3d 1 1 5 9 , 1 1 6 5 ( 9 th C ir . 2 0 0 0 ) ; s e e al s o U ni te d States v . H

e r on- Sal i nas , 566 F . 3d 898, 89 9 (9th C i r. 20 09 ) ( per c uri am ). N e xt , he a s s e rt s thatthe f a c tof the pr i orc onvi c t i on w a s r e qui r e d t o be c h a r g e din th e in d ic tm e n t, s ub m itte dto aju ry , a n dp r o v e n b e y o n dar e a s o n ab le d o ub t. T h is c o n te n tio n la c k s m e r it. See A lm enda rez- T orres v . U

ni ted States , 5 2 3 U .S . 2 2 4 , 2 2 6 - 2 7 ( 1 9 9 8 ) ; see a l so U n i ted Sta tes v. A lm a za n -B ecerra , 482 F . 3d 10 85 , 10 91 (9th C i r. 20 07 ). A vi l a- Q ueza da al so cont ends thatthe di stri ctcourti nsuffi ci ent l y e xp l ai ned w h yit r e je c te dh is d o w n w a r d - d e p a rtu r e m o tio n f o rc u ltu r a l a s s im ila tio n . T h is c o n te n tio n is b e lie db yth e to ta lityo f th e r e c o r d , w h ic h c o n ta in e da n a d e q u a te e x p lan a tio n . Se e U

n ite d Sta tes v . Ca r ty , 52 0 F . 3d 98 4, 99 3 (9th C i r. 20 08 ) ( en b a n c ) .D AT / Res ea r ch 09- 50303 3 F in a lly , h e a r g u e s h is s e n te n c e is s ub s tan tiv e lyu n r e a s o n ab le p u r s u a n t to U ni ted States v. A m ez cua-V asqu ez , 56 7 F . 3d 10 50 , 10 58 (9th C i r. 20 09 ), because, a m o n g o th e rr e a s o n s , h is q u a lif y in g c r im e - o f

- v io le n c e c o n v ic tio n w a s to o s ta le . H ow e ve r , i n the i ns t a ntc a s e , unl i ke the of f e ns e i n A m ez cua-V

asqu ez , th e p r e d ic a te fe l on y w as no tt oo ol d t o score un der the S ent enci ng G ui del i nes’ cr i m i nal hi st ory p r o v is io n s . See U .S .S .G . § 4 A 1 .2 ( e ) ( 1 ) ; se e al so A m ez cua-V

asqu ez , 56 7 F . 3d at 1 0 5 8 ( “W e m a k e n o p r o n o u n c e m e n t a s to th e r e a s o n ab le n e s s o f ac o m p a r ab le s e nt e nc e w e r e A m e z c ua ’ s c onvi c t i on m or e r e c e nt [ . ] ” ) . T he r e c or d r e f l e c t s tha tthe s e nt e nc e i m pos e d w a s s ubs t a nt i ve l yr e a s onabl e , unde rthe t ot a l i tyof the c ir c u m s tan c e s . See G a l l v. U n i ted Sta tes, 55 2 U . S . 38 , 53 -60 (20 07 ). AF F I RME D.