June 2011 3

Captain Patrick Keenan, USN

Supervisor of Salvage and Diving

I

n public forums such as the Divers Working Group (DWG), fleet 

Divers have asked me how the Supervisor of Salvage and Diving (SUPSALV) 

fits into the overall Navy salvage mission. Are our technical personnel and 

the contractors we manage trying to take 

work away from the fleet? The answer 

is no. Numbered Fleet commanders are 

responsible for the conduct of salvage 

operations in their respective theaters. 

If the required mission is within fleet 

capability (salvage in 300 fsw or less) 

fleet assets (primarily MDSU Divers 

and MSC salvage ships) do the work. 

Such has been the case multiple times in 

the last few years for major salvage evolutions (i.e. USS Hartford – USS New 

Orleans collision and harbor clearance 

and surveys in Port Au Prince, Haiti and 

Talcahuano, Chile). It was true again 

during the recent port clearance operations in Japan following the devastating 

earthquake and subsequent tsunami that 

struck that nation on 11 March. The salvage work performed as part of Operation Tomodachi was handled completely 

by fleet units. Specifically; MDSU ONE, 

EODMU FIVE, UCT TWO, COMLOG 

WESTPAC, and USNS SAFEGUARD. 

These commands surveyed and removed 

debris from three Japanese ports, thereby significantly improving the speed at 

which humanitarian supplies and fuel 

reached the Japanese people. They surveyed 10,000 square meters of ocean 

bottom with side-scan sonar, logged 20 

hours in the water with remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and 30 hours of 

diving bottom time while removing 15 

tons of debris and marking other targets 

for future removal by Japanese commercial salvors. In addition to providing 

direct assistance to people in need, their 

work generated much good will with the 

Japanese government, an important U.S. 

ally. Everyone involved in this project is 

to be commended for a job well done.

Engineering expertise, contractor 

access, and Emergency Ship Salvage 

Material (ESSM) are resident in the 

SUPSALV organization to augment fleet 

salvage forces, or perform specific missions that exceed fleet capability, such as 

open ocean search and recovery in depths 

greater than 300 feet. Current examples 

of this type of work are 

our mobilization of salvage pumpsfrom ESSM 

bases in Sasebo, Japan 

and Singapore to assist 

with cooling damaged 

nuclear reactors at the 

Fukushima Daiichi facility, and deployment 

of search equipment onboard USNS CATAWBA to locate an AV-8B 

Harrier that crashed in 

approximately 8,000 

fsw in the Gulf of Aden.

The 300 foot operational navy diving depth limit that I 

mentioned in the first 

paragraph may change 

soon. In April, a Navy 

Experimental Diving 

Unit (NEDU) – SUPSALV team satisfactorily tested a new saturation fly-away 

diving system (SAT FADS) pier-side 

to 1,000 fsw. Six NEDU Divers were 

compressed to an equivalent dry 

depth of 1,000 feet, performed system 

checks at depth and then underwent 

ten days of saturation decompression. All went well. Our next challenge is to take SAT FADS to sea.

The principal barrier to getting 

SAT FADS to sea is not technical, it is 

financial. The fiscal problems that our 

Navy and government now face are 

substantial and they will be with us for 

a long time. Funding for a seaborne test 

of SAT FADS has not yet been identified. Lack of funds is also the reason 

we have cancelled the 2011 Divers 

Working Group. While I certainly value meetings like DWG, we must make 

choices about our expenditures as budgets shrink. In this case it is clear, operations and direct fleet support come 

first. By not paying to hold a DWG, 

we will be able to continue to fund 

the diving system air testing program 

for the remainder of fiscal year 2011.

Keep diving!

Post-tsunami port clearance operations in Japan conducted 

by U.S. Navy Divers aboard USNS Safeguard.
4 June 2011

Liberia: 

Rebuilding a Nation From the Seafloor Up

We have been asked by our task force to deploy to the West 

Coast of Africa and construct a boat 

ramp and floating pier for the Liberian 

Coast Guard, developing overall international relationships between the Liberian government and the United States. 

We have a lot of hard, technical work 

ahead of us. Much of your time and effort has gone into getting us this far. This 

will be the crown jewel of our deployment so let’s finish strong.” As the words 

of SWC Daniel Lowry (SCW/DV) resonated through the warehouse on Camp 

Mitchell, Underwater Construction Team 

(UCT) Construction Dive Detachment 

(CDD) CHARLIE prepared to embark 

on their final construction job for their 

deployment cycle. They had already had 

a successful deployment completing international Divers training in Odessa, 

Ukraine, constructing a floating pier for 

the Cameroon Rapid Intervention Battalion, and restoring port security barrier sections for the Royal Spanish Navy 

in Rota, Spain. Constructing the boat 

ramp and floating pier for the developing Liberian Coast Guard would be the 

culmination of the Seabee Divers’ sixmonth deployment. With pinpoint focus and unwavering determination, the 

first chalk of Seabee Divers made the 

transit to the air terminal, loaded their 

gear, and set off for Monrovia, Liberia. 

For the developing Liberian government, the construction of a floating pier 

and small watercraft boat ramp would 

play a critical role in combating narcotics 

trafficking and terrorism. Liberia’s burgeoning Coast Guard has no current operational port to conduct training or real 

world missions to contest these threats. 

With the installation of the pier and boat 

ramp the Liberian Coast Guard will be 

able to provide the security and safety 

that the country has been working toward 

since 2003. 

Completing the mission in Liberia would be a huge undertaking. Dive 

Det CHARLIE would be totally selfsufficient, having the majority of materials and gear flown in on three C-130 

chalks from Rota, Spain. The pier materials would be making the voyage via 

ship across the Atlantic from UCT ONE 

headquarters based in Joint Expeditionary Base - Little Creek. The pier materials were scheduled to arrive a week and 

a half after the project started. Having no 

support from any adjacent units operating in country, all the construction, diving, mechanical operations and maintenance, excavating, and surveying would 

rest solely on CDD/CHARLIE.

Touching down at the air terminal, 

work began immediately. Gear was unloaded and then transported to the Liberian Coast Guard Freeport Station where 

Dive Det CHARLIE began the initial 

preparations for project material storage. 

Several CONEX boxes had to be moved 

to support UCT ONE’s future diving operations near the water. The recompression chamber was assembled in one of 

the CONEX boxes and the MK-3 surface 

supplied diving system was placed directly in front of the chamber. The setup gave the Seabee Divers an optimum 

work environment. Seabee Divers would 

be suited up and hatted right on the beach 

where they would walk directly to the 

pier project site to complete their underwater cutting and welding objectives. 

Sitting on dive station, staring at the 

murky waters of the African Atlantic, 

Seabee Divers submerged themselves 

beneath the sea and began the initial execution of the pier project. They began jetting and scrubbing operations to prepare 

the piles for cutting. While the Seabee 

Divers worked relentlessly underneath 

the surface, members from CDD/CHARLIE tackled the prefabrication of the Geoweb® which would form the concrete 

boat ramp. 

Having already started on underwaBy: IT3 Orin Shulte and CM2 Tory Madsen (SCW/DV)

“
June 2011 5

ter cutting and welding operations and construction 

of the boat ramp, piecing 

together the pier sections 

would be one of the last 

major obstacles for the Det. 

Piece by piece, bolt by bolt, 

pontoon by pontoon, the 

6 sections of the pier were 

constructed. The sections 

were then finished with a 

wooden deck 

and placed on 

the beach in 

preparation 

for installation.

 Each 

m o r n i n g a s 

the African -

sun began t o 

r i s e a c r o s s 

the horizon, 

development 

on the pro -

ject was more than noticeable. Within a week all the pier sections were

splashed into the water and connected 

between their hinge plates, all piles had 

been cut and were awaiting friction collars, and concrete pouring had begun 

with the boat ramp. Using pumps to 

pour the concrete became a tiresome and 

strenuous ordeal for Dive Det CHARLIE 

mainly due to the hose becoming compacted with aggregate. Requiring several 

replacement parts and a lot of ingenuity 

the boat ramp was constructed over several days. The ocean tides were another 

hindrance to completion. Washout was a 

daily occurrence forcing the crew to due 

daily inspections of the boat ramp. Finally two days before the ribbon cutting 

ceremony, the concrete lay solid on the 

bottom of the seafloor. 

Now that all major construction 

was accomplished, a gangway had to be 

mounted and Sea-Flex anchors installed 

from the mooring tubes to the friction 

collars. The forklift contractors were utilized to lower the gangway into place and 

mount it from the quay wall to the deck 

of the pier sections. The process was 

swift and unobstructed, taking less than 

a day. The installation of the Sea-Flex 

anchors was another story. Taking a few 

days to eye splice the line being used and 

attaching the 

anchors to the 

friction collars, the pier 

was finally 

secured and 

t h e p r o j e c t 

c o m p l e t e d . 

The efforts of many days of intensive labor 

and countless dives, plus fabrication, 

construction, and exhaustion had finally come to completion. This was exceedingly prevalent at the ribbon cutting 

ceremony when the Liberian Minister of 

Defense, the Liberian Coast Guard, and 

the U.S. Embassy commended CDD/

CHARLIE on the exceptional achievement that they had accomplished in such 

a short time frame.

The U.S. Ambassador, Linda Thomas-Green field explained, “I would like to 

thank you for the work you accomplished 

in completing the pier and boat ramp for 

the Liberian Coast Guard. The completion of this project is a major contribution to the goals of this mission which is 

to help Liberia rebuild after more than 

15 years of conflict.” She continued to 

state, “more important 

than the completion of this 

project is the manner in 

which you accomplished 

the job. It is always difficult to take over a project 

in its final stages but you 

handled the job with professionalism, pragmatism, 

and perseverance, solving 

seemingly insurmountable challenges in a difficult working environment while maintaining 

an upbeat attitude. You are 

a model to your Liberian colleagues and 

you have made the United States proud. 

You have upheld the Seabee “can do” 

flame and I personally congratulate you 

on behalf of the entire U.S. Embassy for 

a job extremely well done.” 

Over the course of a month a nation’s security was strengthened tenfold. 

Liberia now possessed the capabilities 

to efficiently train and play their role in 

counter-terrorism and counter-narcotic 

trafficking that has plagued its waters 

for decades. The Liberian Coast Guard 

has been attacking their training with 

new fervor and hopes to begin real 

world missions in the up-coming year. 

As for Dive Det CHARLIE, they take 

pride in knowing that they provided a 

critical puzzle piece for the developing nation’s security and that their underwater construction mission was an 

overall success.

IT3 Orin Shulte served as Communications 

Petty Officer for Construction Dive Detachment 

CHARLIE during deployment to Monrovia, Liberia. CM2 Tory Madsen (SCW/DV) served as 

Work Center Supervisor for Construction Dive 

Detachment CHARLIE during deployment to 

Monrovia, Liberia. Photographer EAC Christopher Munch (SCW/DV) served as Assistant 

Officer in Charge for Construction Dive Detachment CHARLIE during deployment to Monrovia, Liberia.

Photo captions top to bottom: Liberian Coast 

Guard helping Det CHARLIE move the Geoweb® into place; Liberians and Americans 

tour the new floating pier just after the ribbon 

cutting ceremony; The U.S. Ambassador, Linda 

Thomas-Green, and the Colonel of the Liberian 

Coast Guard walk on the floating pier just after the ribbon cutting ceremony. Photo credits: 

EAC Christopher Munch (SCW/DV)
6 June 2011

Multinational Divers 

Take to the Water During

Sea Breeze 2010

Danish, Ukrainian, and U.S. Navy Divers took to the water 

for one of many dive evolutions during 

the multinational exercise Sea Breeze 

2010 at the Ukrainian Western Naval 

Base in Odessa, Ukraine, July 14. 

Divers familiarized themselves with 

each other’s equipment, diving techniques, and procedures, gaining from 

each other’s experience.

“It’s excellent working with different nations,” said Chief 

Steel Worker (SCW/

DV) Daniel Lowery, 

officer-in-charge of 

Underwater Construction Team One (UCT 

ONE). “We are here 

to become proficient 

in our job, work with 

other countries and develop a relationship. 

All military services 

travel, so to go and be 

able to operate with 

each other is definitely 

better.”

M e m b e r s f r o m 

the Danish Navy Dive 

Academy,Copenhagen; 

Ukrainian dive team 

from the Search and 

Rescue Center of the 

Ukrainian Navy, Sevastopol; UCT ONE, from Joint Expeditionary Base Little Creek-Fort Story, Va.; 

and Explosive Ordnance Disposal Mobile Unit Eight (EODMU EIGHT), from 

Sigonella, Italy, trained together daily in 

controlled environments both in port and 

at sea.

“Today we are going to dive with 

some of the guys from Ukraine who have 

never used or tested dive helmets before,” 

said Thomas Frederiksen, exercise participant and diver from the Royal Danish 

Navy Dive Academy. “Over the next couple of days we will continue training with 

the Ukraine Divers, and we’ll do some 

underwater welding as well.”

Surface supplied diving techniques, 

equipment familiarization, under water 

welding, salvage operations, ordnance 

identification and disposal, and side scan 

sonar operations are a few of the events 

Ukrainian Senior Diver Tkachenko Mihaylo jumps in the water to accompany 

Steel Worker 2nd Class Jesse Hamblin, assigned to Underwater Construction 

Team (UCT) ONE. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist 1st 

Class Gary Keen/Released)

By: Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class (SW) Gary Keen, 

Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Europe-Africa/U.S. 6th Fleet Public Affairs

Title Cover Photo: UCT ONE prepare for one of 

many joint dive evolutions with Danish and Ukrainian Navy Divers.

that were covered during various diving 

phases of Sea Breeze.

“The training was very interesting,” said Ukrainian Navy Senior Diver 

Tkachenko Mihaylo. “We have many of 

the same procedures as the other nations, 

but our equipment is different and it is 

nice to learn about the different equipment.”

Sea Breeze is an invitational combined and joint maritime exercise in the 

Black Sea with the goals 

of enhancing Black Sea 

national maritime security capabilities and improving Black Sea theater security cooperation 

strategies.

Sea Breeze is the 

largest exercise this year 

in the Black Sea including 20 ships, 13 aircraft 

and more than 1,600 

military members from 

Azerbaijan, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Georgia, Germany, Greece, 

Moldova, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, and the 

United States.

For more news from 

Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Europe -U.S. 

Naval Forces Africa/

U.S. 6th Fleet, visit www.navy.mil/local/

naveur/.
June 2011 7

NEDU, Panama City, Fla. The 

Navy recently completed a series of milestone test events for the new 

Saturation Flyaway Diving System (SAT 

FADS) at Naval Experimental Diving Unit 

(NEDU), Panama City 

Fla. This testing included both a 250 and 1000 

feet of sea water (fsw) 

manned dry saturation 

dive pier side. 

In June of 2010 the 

decision was made for 

the Navy to take custodial control of SAT 

FADS and the system 

was subsequently loaded and shipped from 

Phoenix Internal in 

Largo, MD to NEDU 

in Panama City Beach 

Fla. With NAVSEA 00C 

SAT FADS Program Office oversight, NEDU 

SAT FADS Division, 

led by Saturation Master Diver Kent Johnson, 

was tasked with the 

accomplishment of the 

remaining hydraulic, 

mechanical and electrical prerequisite 

testing and all system integration testing. 

This decision resulted in an extraordinary 

cumulative improvement in reducing total certification cost, logistical support 

and achievement of critical certification 

timelines.

Following the successful completion 

of the first 250 fsw manned dry saturation dive pier side that surfaced on April 

8th 2011, the Navy commenced a 12-day 

manned 1,000 feet sea water (fsw) dry 

saturation dive on April 18th 2011. This 

dive included staged systems integration 

testing and evaluations at the systems’ 

maximum operational depth. The staged 

integration testing which was accomplished at 250’, 500’, 750’ and 1,000 fsw, 

was performed to verify that all systems 

and subsystems could be operated concurrently, as designed. This testing was 

also used to verify that the system operating procedures can be used to operate 

the system safely and provide operating 

procedure validation.

This test is the last step prior to 

going to sea for manned at sea testing, 

which includes open water excursions to 

1000 fsw. This event marks a major milestone towards achieving a critical saturation diving capability to support Navy 

salvage and recovery operations around 

the world.

The SAT FADS 

system is designed 

to support six divers 

working on the bottom of the ocean for 

a period of 21 days, 

with an additional 

nine days of decompression. This asset 

greatly increases the 

Navy’s salvage capabilities allowing us 

to put United States 

Navy Saturation Divers to greater ocean 

depths than previously attainable, as well 

as provide a one of a kind training platform for future Navy Saturation Divers. 

The system will replace 

two decommissioned 

Pigeon-Class submarine 

rescue vessels, which 

operated to 850 fsw. SAT 

FADS not only provides 

the increased mobility 

and depth capability, but 

retains a vital operational salvage and recovery 

resource at a substantial 

cost reduction to the 

Navy with its focus on 

total cost ownership. 

T h e e n t i r e S AT 

FADS system has a footprint measuring 40 feet 

x 90 feet and includes the 

main deck decompression chamber, manned 

dive bell, bell handling 

system, command and 

control center, and two 

auxiliary support equipment containers, bulk 

helium and oxygen storage racks. Living quarters are located in the 

deck decompression chamber.

ND1 Jeremiah Ruddell - HM3 Javier Lopez 

NDCS Somsack Phanthavong - ND1 Jeremy Post

ND1 Charles Bass - ND1 Jad Graves

Mr. Marty Russell, NUWC Keyport is the SAT 

FADS Test Director and Deputy Program Manager. Naval Experimental Diving Unit is a field 

activity of Naval Sea Systems Command.
8 June 2011

The civil service crew of Military Sealift Command rescue and salvage ship USNS GRAPPLE and 16 embarked Navy Divers from Mobile Diving 

and Salvage Unit Two cleared 700 feet of 

Albanian Coast Guard pier space in August, removing seven sunken patrol boats 

that had been hazards to navigation for 

years.

The three-week salvage operation 

was a partnership between U.S. 6th 

Fleet’s Commander Task Force 68, Sealift Logistics Command Europe, the U.S. 

Embassy in Albania, and the government 

of Albania.

In September, GRAPPLE completed 

its five-month deployment to the U.S. 

6th Fleet area of responsibility, where on 

board personnel conducted theater security cooperation events in Georgia, Israel, 

Turkey, Spain, and Albania.

The patrol craft had been grounded 

in the shallow water of the Bay of Sarande 13 years ago, creating a hazard to 

navigation. The vessels prevented access 

to the pier by commercial interests. The 

freed-up pier space is expected to help 

improve the local economy.

“There were three torpedo boats, 

two gunboats, one Coast Guard patrol 

boat and one other small boat sunk in the 

harbor ranging from 75 to 137 feet long,” 

said Navy Chief Warrant Officer Coy 

Everage, Commander of MDSU Two 

Five company. “Now, fishing vessels can 

use the piers. The salvage operation also 

created a deep water port for the [Albanian] Coast Guard.”

Clearing the port area of the sunken 

vessels presented a welcome challenge.

“Our specialty is combat harbor 

clearance, and we only get to salvage 

one vessel every few years,” said Everage. “For us to salvage seven vessels 

in one spot, giving us the opportunity to use multiple techniques – you 

couldn’t pay the training dollars.”

The first step in the salvage operation was an evaluation of the site, which 

had already been completed prior to 

GRAPPLE’s deployment, but still required fine-tuning.

“I contributed to patching and plugging holes on every one of the wrecks. 

Then, we did something we’ve never 

done before and used the ship’s workboat to bring a hydraulic power unit to 

the salvage site,” said Navy Diver Ryan 

Kirby. “We used it to run the hydraulic 

hoses and to pump water out of the boats 

to float them.”

Floating wrecks may sound simple, 

but it is a dangerous evolution that requires experienced mariners.

“A lot of things could happen when 

raising boats from the bottom,” said 

GRAPPLE Able Seaman Henry Nguyen. 

“If the boat being lifted goes down and 

we don’t cut the line right away, we could 

Left: Three patrol craft block access to the Coast Guard pier at the port of Sarande, Albania. Middle: USNS GRASP and MDSU2 monitor 

sinking patrol craft that had been relocated from the Coast Guard pier at the port of Sarande, Albania. It was sunk in a location where it 

can be used as an attraction for recreational divers. Right: USNS GRASP and MDSU2 prepare to float and relocate a patrol craft partially 

submerged at the Coast Guard pier at the port of Sarande, Albania. 
June 2011 9

USNS GRAPPLE & 

MDSU TWO

Clear Albanian Pier

go down with the boat because our boat 

is smaller. Staying safe is our top priority. We have someone driving the boat. 

We have people looking around, and we 

have people standing by to cut the mooring lines.”

Once the ships were floated, they had 

to be moved to another location. An Albanian Coast Guard ship towed four of them, 

and the GRAPPLE/MDSU crew towed 

the remaining two boats that were able 

to be towed with their 35-foot workboat.

No matter who was towing the 

wrecks, it was still up to the GRAPPLE/

MDSU team to keep the vessels afloat 

during the tow.

“We used the ship’s workboat and 

kept it next to the towed vessels, continuing to pump water out of the vessels during the tow,” said Kirby. “We 

ran the boats hip-to-hip, which enabled 

everything to be done safely during the 

six-mile transit to the sink location.” Six 

of the ships were sunk near each other in 

water depths ranging from 60 to 110 feet, 

creating an ideal attraction for recreational divers. The seventh wreck could not be 

made tow-worthy, so divers floated it and 

pushed it away from the pier into an unused area of the port.

The physical part of raising, towing, and re-sinking the wrecks was 

only part of what was required to make 

this salvage operation work. The mission was a challenge from the start because the crew did not know how the 

vessels had been sunk. Crew members 

could not be certain what equipment

would be needed to raise the vessels.

Fortunately, GRAPPLE brought 

the right mix of crew members to meet 

those challenges, particularly with civil 

service mariner deck engineer machinist Abe Kritz, known around the ship as 

‘DEMACH’. In charge of everything engineering-wise on deck, Kritz also does 

all the fabrication and repair work for 

GRAPPLE.

“We had no way of getting any supplies because of the remote location,” 

said Kritz. “If I have the stock, I can 

make anything. Because of this, I was 

able to keep the boats running in direct 

support of the mission.”

“Our DEMACH is good at making 

the one-of-a-kind things needed to make 

the mission run smoothly,” said GRAPPLE’s civil service mariner first engineer 

Scotty Robinson. “He helped the divers 

make special parts and tools.”

The salvage mission was the first time 

at least one of the embarked divers had 

worked in such a unique environment.

“This has been my first time in dealing 

with hand-to-hand coordination between 

civil service mariners and the military 

side. It’s been a great training and learning experience,” said Chief Navy Diver 

Shade Holder. “They [the CIVMARs] 

provided great support, and they’re up 

to date on what needs to go on out here 

and what we needed. They gave us a different look on how to approach things 

and how to attack the problems at hand.”

The crew of GRAPPLE presented 

a plaque to Albanian officials during 

a press conference held to announce 

the end of harbor-clearance operations. 

GRAPPLE welcomed the U.S. Embassy Charge d’Affairs Deby Jones, the 

Albanian minister of culture, the chief 

of the Albanian Navy, and the mayor 

of Sarande at the event. GRAPPLE’s 

Albanian salvage operation was the 

ship’s last mission in the deployment.

GRAPPLE’s crew emphasized the 

importance of MSC ship participation in 

military-to-military theater security cooperation events.

“More and more noncombatant ships 

are being run by MSC,” said GRAPPLE’s First Engineer Scotty Robinson. 

“So, we’re right out there with all the 

militaries. It’s a good idea to interact 

with them – to share ideas and to learn.”

Military Sealift Command operates 

approximately 110 non-combatant, merchant mariner-crewed ships that replenish 

U.S. Navy ships, conduct specialized missions, strategically preposition combat 

cargo at sea around the world and move 

military cargo and supplies used by deployed U.S. forces and coalition partners.

Ms. Kim Dixon is the public affairs office for Commander, Sealift Logistics Command, Europe, in 

Naples, Italy. COMSEALOGEUR is the U.S. Navy’s 

single at-sea logistics and strategic sealift provider in 

Europe and Africa. Photos: U.S. Navy Photo

By: Ms. Kim Dixon
10 June 2011

Not too long ago there was an 

email circulating about the 

children of Navy Divers joining the various military branches. This is not really 

a surprise as there have been multiple 

members of the same family in our community for a long time. One of those 

families in the “business” is the Stewart 

brothers, both Master Divers (I wonder 

who is passing who the gravy during that 

Thanksgiving dinner?). The topic of children following their parents into military 

service surfaced again 

about the same time 

when my son asked me 

about joining the Navy. 

Recently I spoke to a 

few dads and their sons 

regarding their views 

and opinions on this 

matter. 

Like any father in a 

trade, I was proud that 

my son thought enough 

of what I did to want to 

do it as well. As NDCM 

MDV (ret) Eric Frank 

said, “I think most dads 

have hopes that their 

sons would want to follow in their footsteps 

(especially for a job that he enjoyed so 

much). However, I wasn’t going to push 

them in that direction. So when Troy 

came to me the first time questioning 

about the diving community I was somewhat surprised and got very excited. I 

told him that he was going to be a perfect 

fit for our community and to go for it.”

I look back through my life and think 

about the men who I admired and the qualities that made them who they were. One 

of those qualities was that they strove to 

be the best at what they did. This requires 

a lifetime commitment to one’s craft - to 

become a part of an organization to the 

point it would be a part of your identity. 

NDCM MDV (ret) John Reiss is one of 

these people and is one of the reasons 

for this article. MDV Reiss has two sons 

serving, one in the Marine Corps and one 

in the Army, and he has great pride when 

he speaks or writes of either of his sons. 

NDCM (MDV) Bill Crider has served 

for over 29 years and his feeling for the 

community has a changed little since his 

son became a Navy Diver. “My love for 

this community has actually deepened. 

Listening to Ryan talk about the mentorship he received at SMRMC and is 

currently receiving at EODMU EIGHT 

has confirmed for me that we are on 

the right track as a community”. Our 

own Master Chief of the Navy’s son 

successfully completed Navy Dive 

School. When asked his thoughts on Navy 

Divers and his son becoming a Navy 

Diver, MCPON West said, “My thoughts 

of Navy Divers have not changed, they 

just become more clear and in line with 

what I’ve always thought of them. I’m 

personally glad he chose this path... it’s 

a special group and certainly not for everyone. They work hard and ensure the 

Navy is fit to fight.” 

There are many families who have 

multiple members serving in the armed 

forces. In my own family the past four 

generations have served. Currently I have 

two brothers and a son who serve. The 

generation before me was my stepfather 

(USMC) who served for 22 years, and 

my uncle, who was killed while flying 

as an Army CWO helicopter pilot, both 

serving in the Vietnam War. Some fathers 

who served during the era would rather 

see their children do anything else than 

be exposed to what they were 

exposed to as a military service 

member. That was a dark time 

for our military in regards to 

the public perception as it was 

expressed in the media. In the 

past few decades an effort has 

been made to ask these Vietnam 

veterans for their forgiveness 

for turning our collective backs 

to them when all they did is do 

what was asked of them – fight 

for our country. 

Today men and women 

have pride in their children and 

grandchildren for following 

them into the military. I do not 

know if saying “following” is 

an accurate statement because 

that denotes that someone is being led. 

These men and women who join go into 

the unknown trusting they will come 

out changed on the other side. There are 

challenges for everyone who joins, and 

for the sons or daughters who want to be 

“Deep Sea” – well, let’s just say they will 

have a few more wrinkles to overcome. 

ND2 Troy Frank said, “One of the biggest challenges I have to deal with everyday is how I am going to compete against 

my dad’s reputation. I have to deal with 

people working on the assumption that I 

use my dad as an advantage and I carry 

myself as if I am MDV quality already 

and that is not the case. I am and will 

ND3 Costin, NSSF Groton, CT and Proud Dad
June 2011 11

I

n November 2009 after 10 years as the Diving Systems Certification Authority (SCA), Rob Warren handed the 

side over to Mike Frey. Rob remains in 00C4 as the Submarine Rescue Diving Recompression System (SRDRS) 

and Deep Submergence Hyperbaric Safety Engineer. Rob will continue to provide 00C with his vast depth of technical 

knowledge and years of experience to help keep us on track. 

Mike started his career in the Navy as an HT on board the USS Yellowstone (AD 41) as a Plank Owner. He 

graduated from Second Class Dive School in 1981 from Harbor Clearance Unit TWO, Little Creek and returned to the 

Yellowstone. After his active duty enlistment ended he joined the Navy Reserve, serving at EODGRU TWO, MDSU 

TWO and EODMU TEN from 1983 to 1996. Mike also completed First Class Dive School and EOD Apprentice School 

during this period. He was selected for the Limited Duty Officer Program, Civil Engineer Corps in 1996. He completed 

a variety of tours within the Seabees, including OIC UCT ONE Reserve DET and Executive Officer, of CBMU 202. 

After 32 years of active and reserve service he is still serving in the Navy Reserve. 

In his civilian career, after his active duty enlistment ended, he worked for two years as a commercial diver 

before attending Old Dominion University where he earned 

an Engineering degree. He worked in the Environmental Engineering field for ten years prior to coming to 00C. For the 

past ten years in 00C he has been responsible for all UBA 

programs, USMC, U.S. Army, and Air Force SOF diving 

systems; foreign dive systems; and engineering support on 

multiple DLSS.

We want to take this opportunity to welcome Brian Borchardt to the 00C4 Certification Division. Brian will assume 

the duties previously held by Mike Frey as the UBA Certification Engineer responsible for USMC, US Army, and US 

Air Force diving programs. 

Brian is a former U.S. Navy Diving and EOD Officer. 

His tours include: EOD and SEAL assistant Detailer; USS 

GRASP (ARS 51) where he served as a Diving Officer; EODGRU TWO, Assistant Operations and Planning Officer; 

EODMU TWO DET 22 OIC and Executive Officer at EODOSU TEN. 

Prior to joining 00C4 Brian was in the NAVSEA Engineer In Training Program completing tours throughout NAVSEA, including 00C3 where he supported the SAT FADS Program.

Brian graduated from Virginia Tech with degrees in Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, completed a Masters in 

Public Administration from Troy State University and is currently enrolled at the Naval Postgraduate School working 

on a Masters in Systems Engineering. With his 14 years of experience in the diving field and personal experience as a 

Navy Diver he is a welcome addition to the Supervisor of Salvage and Diving team.

NAVSEA 00C4 Certification Division Changes

always be the son of a highly respected 

Master Diver, but the last time I checked 

my name is not Eric Frank, and people 

will see if they give me a chance that I 

am out here to have fun, make friends, 

and make my own name for myself.”

I could go down a list of Who’s Who 

in the Navy Diver community of brothers’ and sisters’ children who have come 

into the military. The lifestyle and arduous tasks set before our young military 

is not one for the meek or mild. Our kids 

see this life and for the most part they 

have lived this life their whole lives. Every one of the men I have spoken to exemplify the Core Values. I would even go 

as far as to say that the Core Values are 

a cornerstone of being a successful dad. 

So when one of our kids joins and leaves 

mom and dad’s house, they are merely 

moving towards like-minded people who 

are merely part of their extended family. 

ND2 Ryan Crider added, “I remember all 

the times I would go to Diver BBQs with 

my dad and notice how tight everyone 

seemed. They were always laughing and 

messing with each other. It reminded me 

of how I noticed brothers act towards one 

another. I never had that personally and 

it’s something I wanted to experience.”

Why would anyone join the military 

and become a Navy Diver? Those who 

dare have a spirit that has carried our nation from the beginning - the spirit of adventure to explore the world and the unknown. ND3 Costin stated, “The advice I 

would give to my children if they joined 

any branch of service would be plain and 

simple. Do something you want to do, 

don’t let other people decide for you. 

Always work hard and always stay motivated no matter how hard it is.” 

I guess he was listening to his old man.

MDV Bill Costin is a Command Master Diver at 

NAVSEA 00C.
12 June 2011

USS RONALD REAGAN 

Stave Bearing

Waterborne

Replacement

South West Regional Maintenance Center (SWRMC), Puget Sound 

Naval Shipyard (PSNSY) and Phoenix 

International Divers recently completed 

the first ever waterborne replacement of 

stave bearings on a CVN 68 class aircraft 

carrier, the USS RONALD REAGAN 

(CVN 76). Led by SWRMC Master Divers, Brian Pratschner and Justin Scarbrough, they worked port and starboard 

shifts around the clock utilizing 

dive teams made of SWRMC and 

PSNSY personnel to complete this 

rigging intensive repair in eight 

days allowing the USS REAGAN 

to meet all operational commitments and saved COMNAVAIR 

(CNAF) over 10 million dollars in 

emergent dry docking fees.

With NAVSEA 00C5 engineer (Justin Pollack) providing 

the Formal Work Procedure and 

acting as a liaison between COMNAVAIRFOR, SWRMC, PSNSY, 

Phoenix International Divers 

and NAVSEA 00C5, this diverse 

team of divers partnered to conduct some of the most technically 

challenging waterborne repairs 

devised in the Underwater Ship 

Husbandry (UWSH) repair business.

Damage of the RONALD REAGAN’s number one shaft main strut stave 

bearing was discovered during routine intermediate hull cleaning by the NAVSEA 

00C hull cleaning contractor Seaward 

Marine Services. SWRMC Divers conducted follow on waterborne inspections, 

cleaning the staves with a 10,000 psi 

hydro-lance and bore scoping the number one main strut stave bearing which 

revealed extensive damage to the bearing 

material at the six o’clock position. 

SWRMC Divers were tasked to inspect all REAGAN stave bearings to ensure no additional damage had occurred. 

This required extensive cleaning of all 

stave channels and bore scoping with an 

outland U/W camera system to document 

the condition of all main, intermediate 

and stern tube stave bearing material. No 

additional damage was noted.

CNAF, NAVSEA and PSNSY engineers made the call to repair the damaged 

stave bearing on number one shaft waterborne by removing the main strut fairwater and rope guard and tasked NAVSEA 

00C5 to develop a waterborne procedure 

to safely remove the damaged stave bearing shells from the main strut, refurbish 

the stave shells and reinstall in a timely 

manner so the REAGAN could sail on 

schedule.

Within hours NAVSEA UWSH 

equipment was loaded by GPC 

mechanics and trucked from 

various ESSM warehouses to 

NAVBASE Coronado, Naval Air 

Station North Island in order to 

support this complex waterborne 

UWSH repair. Two Dive teams 

from SWRMC (Alpha led by 

dive supervisors ND1 Ron Naperala and Delta lead by ND1 

Ken McCollum) were stood up 

to support a 24 hour 7 day a week 

dive plan. Phoenix International 

Divers were mobilized under the 

direction of Justin Pollack to support the wet cutting and welding 

aspect of this repair effort. Phoenix Dive supervisor, Mr. Mike 

Stralzko, led the PHNX Dive 

effort, removing and reinstalling 

the number one shaft rope guard, 

fairwater, and welding three lifting pad 

eyes to support rigging to successfully 

accomplishing this task. They partnered 

with SWRMC and PSNSY Divers who 

had surged to San Diego to support this 

repair effort and were led by Mr. Rob 

Miller from Code 760. With heavy NAVBy: NDCS(DSW/SW) Richard Holtkamp

Alexander Grun and PSNSY Diver Dave Adams inspect the 

rigging as the crane prepares to lift the strut bearing shell off 

the support barge to divers waiting in the water.
June 2011 13

Dive school Graduates

SEA rigging gear installed and the stave 

bearing shell retaining ring removed, the 

upper stave shell was pulled out using a 

unique rigging configuration developed 

by Justin Pollack. Two 50-ton hydraulic 

chain falls were then rigged into the ships 

propeller lifting tunnels and calculations 

developed to safely lift the 35 ton propeller and shaft off the main strut barrel 

housing to loosen the lower stave shell 

allowing installed rigging to pull and rotate the lower stave shell to the 12 o’clock 

position for removal to the surface. 

Once both stave bearing shells were 

brought up to the surface, they were delivered to PSNSY for refurbishment. 

Upon completion of the stave shell inspection and installation of new bearings, SWRMC and PSNSY Divers commenced reinstallation of the lower and 

upper stave shells back into the main 

strut barrel housing. This was accomplished by the night crew, who reinstalled 

the retaining ring, fasteners, lock wired 

and de-rigged the work area in preparation for Phoenix Divers to wet weld the 

rope guard and fairwater back onto the 

strut barrel housing. Northrop Grumman 

mechanics machined the fairwater with a 

metal ring for divers to wet weld to the 

main strut barrel housing and manufactured a new rope guard which Phoenix 

welders made ready for a waterborne wet 

weld installation. 

SWRMC, PSNSY, and Phoenix Divers began demobilizing NAVSEA equipment. In all, this first ever waterborne 

repair of the USS RONALD REAGAN 

stave bearings took eight days from start 

to finish and is a testament to the teamwork of multiple Navy diving commands 

and contractors to come together in rapid 

fashion to fix a nuclear powered air craft 

carrier bound for wartime deployment 

in support of this country and the global 

war on terrorism.

Article Cover Photo - Divers ND1(DSW)Spenser Puett and Justin Pollack (NAVSEA, SEA 

OOC) stand-by to receive the new bearing shell 

for installation.

NDCS(DSW/SW) Richard Holtkamp is Dive 

Team Alpha’s LCPO. Alpha Team conducts diving operations in support of maintenance and repairs on U. S. Navy Aircraft Carriers’ home ported at Naval Air Station North Island, San Diego.

To submit a graduating class for publication in Faceplate, please contact us at webdiver@supsalv.org

11-30-2C

HM2 Sawyer, ND1 Cox, ND3 Harding, ND3 Hulbert, ND3 Martel,

NDC Laube, ND1 Gaston, NDC Reno, ND3 Burby, ND3 McGuinness,

ND3 Wagner, ND3 Leonard, ND3 Smith, NDC Cook, ND3 Milliken,

ND2 Johansen, ND3 Ziemba, ND3 Hawkins,

ND3 Riess, ND3 Costin, ND3 Dargie
14 June 2011

U.S. Navy Diver

Harold S. Sears Jr. was born in 

Rockland, Massachusetts on 

July 28th 1921, the first son in a family of seven children. Upon graduating 

high school in 1938 during the “Great 

Depression” Harold was the only one in 

his class able to get a job, obtaining his 

union carpenter’s license working as a 

cabinet maker. Harold received his journeyman’s license in October 1940, and 

moved to Hopewell, VA for a period of 

time doing carpentry work at Fort Lee 

before joining the U.S. Navy.

After my 21st birthday, I headed for 

Boston to the Navy Enlistment Facility. 

I met with a Lieutenant Commander who 

checked my credentials and said, “I have 

a spot for you. With all the construction 

experience you have I will give you a 

Carpenter’s Mate 1st Class right now; we 

need you in the Seabees. You will be promoted to Chief Petty Officer in probably 

less than a year”. I replied, “Sir, I don’t 

mean to be disrespectful, but I have been 

driving nails since I was eight years old 

and I really do not want to be a Seabee.” 

He turned to me after thumbing through 

a book and asked me if I would like to 

go to diving school. ‘’There is an opening for you at the Salvage Diving School 

in New York at Pier 88. A large liner 

NORMANDY has sunk at the Pier and 

they are looking for qualified young men 

to learn to be hard hat salvage divers”. 

I said that I would like to try out and 

he sent me to see a doctor. The doctor 

examined me then said, “You have one 

more test to pass. Breathe normally, and 

then hold your breath for two minutes”. 

Two minutes is a long time the first time 

you try it, but I passed and went back to 

the Commander with the note from the 

doctor. The Commander said, “I cannot 

give you first class, but I can give you 

third class carpenter’s mate with a ticket 

to New York for 1000 tomorrow. You 

will have individual orders to the diving 

school, there shall be no boot camp, train 

to Grand Central Station, taxi to Pier 88, 

and you are now in the U.S. Navy. You 

shall draw all your necessary gear at the 

Pier upon arrival. You are now Petty Officer 3rd Class, USN”.

Going to Dive School was indeed an 

honor; I was the 35th person to attend. I 

loved it from day one. The first day, we 

were in groups of 10 men and were taken 

to the recompression chamber to see if 

we could stand the pressure at 100 feet. 

If you had pain in your ears during descent, you would raise your hand and the 

instructor would close the air valve until 

the student could clear his ears. The process was repeated, if a sailor continued to 

have problems he could not qualify, and 

was sent back to the fleet for regular duty.

Chief Warrant Officer Orson Crandal, 1st Class Diver, was my Seamanship 

Instructor at Pier 88. We learned to weld 

and burn steel under water using hydrogen, oxygen, and compressed air in the 

torch. We had to build a box under water 

using wood, put various valves together 

correctly, and other hard hat diver training. We used Mark V helmet, breastplate, 

suit, gloves (detachable), shoes, weight 

belt, and diving knife. The total weight 

of this gear was 185 lbs, my weight was 

121 lbs. 

After completing classes in seamanship, we learned all about the diving gear, 

how to dress a diver, tend a diver while 

he was under water, etc. New divers 

were taken in a fifty-foot motor launch 

up river, under the George Washington 

Bridge and, one at a time, would drop 

down on a descending line 120 feet deep 

to the river floor. You had to pick up a 

handful of gravel from the bottom to 

prove that you’d reached the bottom. 

Upon completion of the diving 

school, you were then qualified as a U.S. 

Navy Salvage Hard Hat Diver and went 

to work on the sunken ship NORMANDY at $5.00 per hour. All dives were four 

hours long, and consisted of burning and 

cleaning out debris to cut this down to 

the boat deck in order to bring it up to 

even keel so it could be pumped out and 

floated. The whole process took about 18 

months.

About the middle of January 1943, 

I was told we were shipping out to Dellys, Africa. The convoy assembled in 

Hampton Roads, VA and when we finally 

went to sea, we were escorted by 14 destroyers and the cruiser SAVANNAH. 

We felt well protected while at sea and 

wondered how much high brass there 

was in the convoy of ships. We knew that 

there were German submarines operating 

in that area of the Atlantic, and several 

times on our zigzag course a couple of 

destroyers would break course and head 

off in a different direction. Depth charges 

were heard, and soon after the destroyers would return to the convoy. We were 

out 28 days before sighting Gibraltar, the 

entrance to the Mediterranean.

Our troopship broke out of convoy 

with one destroyer and proceeded to a 

little port called Tizzi-Arzew, west of 

Oran. I was surprised by the clarity of 

the water inside the harbor. You could 

see the bottom at 40 feet, crystal clear. 

Quite a contrast with the water we were 

diving in the North River in New York. 

That was an open sewer. Upon surfacing 

from working on the NORMANDY, we 

would be washed down with a fire hose 

before getting undressed out of our diving gear. 

On June 1, 1943 I was transferred 

to the fleet tug USS NARRAGANSETT 

#88 as one of two qualified divers onboard. Docked in Algiers, along with several other U.S. Navy ships, the Germans 

visited with an unsuccessful air raid. MaHarold S. Sears Jr.

WWII Memoirs
June 2011 15

jor damage was only caused to German 

planes. The same day we left Algiers for 

Bizerte. While there, we took on all needed supplies for the invasion of Sicily. 

Invasion of Sicily - July 10, 1943

The salvage crew’s job during the 

invasion of Sicily was to 

get the landing craft off the 

beach after they were unloaded. If they couldn’t be 

floated due to the surf, we 

would blow up the engines 

using blocks of TNT. We 

went in with the first wave, 

in a heavy sea. We had to 

give our boat to General 

Patton and his entourage, so 

we spent the night in a cave 

on the beach until our boat 

came back the next afternoon. The second wave met 

stiff resistance and suffered 

heavy casualties. After the 

landings, the naval forces 

were subjected to intense 

German air attack for three 

days. We were about 1⁄4 mile 

from the U.S. Navy destroyer USS MADDOX when it 

was blown up and sank. We 

picked up survivors, many 

casualties. We returned to 

base about July 20, 1943 

once we got the landing 

craft off the beaches, and 

back to the mother ships.

The next operation was 

in Palermo, Sicily clearing 

the harbor of sunken ships 

and other debris so that U.S. ships could 

get into port. Our diving officer was 

Gunner Conga, lst Class Diver, Regular 

Navy. We had a diving barge with large 

outboard motor, air compressor, burning 

tanks and torches, and all the necessary 

diving gear. An Italian crew ran a crane 

barge that could lift about 40 tons. We 

were in business. We also had two steel 

pontoons that were about 12 feet long 

and 6 feet in diameter. We used the pontoons to raise the smaller sunken barges 

and small craft.

We worked about a month on harbor clearance. The small craft we raised 

we would tow out of the harbor and sink 

them in deep water. We found out one 

of the sunken ships lying on the bottom 

of the harbor had a quantity of Plexiglas 

in the cargo. There were a dozen fighter 

planes at Palermo Airport with windows 

shot out, so we salvaged the Plexiglas and 

it was used to get them back in the air. A 

section of the granite keyway to the dry 

dock was blown out and needed to be repaired. I was the only diver in our crew 

that had a lot of experience building concrete forms, so I volunteered to build it 

and set it up. We poured the replacement 

block with concrete and when completed, allowed the shipyard workers to set 

the caisson and put the dry dock in operation. There were at least two ships sunk in 

the dry dock that could be salvaged now 

that the dry dock could be pumped out.

August 19, 1943

The fleet tug USS NARRAGANSETT docked in Palermo Harbor and 

I knew something was going on. The 

ship came in to pick us up, as we were 

the only two divers for another invasion. 

We reported to the ship the next 

day and were welcomed aboard by the 

Chief Boatswain Mate Shistler. I was the 

only Petty Officer on board except him 

that could splice wire cable. Because of 

that we became fast friends. He asked 

me who taught me to splice 

wire and I smiled and told 

him it was a Warrant Boatsman named Orson Cramdall, a Master Diver who 

won the Medal of Honor 

diving on the submarine 

SQUALUS, to rescue 33 

crew members and raise the 

SQUALUS under the direction of Swede Momsen. We 

went below decks to check, 

clean, and disinfect all the 

diving gear and valves. Our 

equipment was all in order.

On August 23, 1943 

about 0430, the bells and 

horn sounded for general 

quarters. I had just hit my 

bunk after 2400 - 0400 

watch. I had brought my 

mattress and pillow on the 

searchlight platform over the 

flying bridge where it was 

cool because there was a hot 

spell. The German bombers had dropped flares and 

it was like daylight, then all 

hell broke loose. There were 

3 sub chasers docked across 

the pier from us. One got underway and backed out into 

the harbor. There was a liberty ship across from us. There was a masonry building on the dock between the 

liberty ship and where we were tied up. 

Every ship in the harbor, including our 

ship, was firing at the aircraft. 

The liberty ship was on fire. The 

two remaining sub chasers were hit and 

killed all hands but two. A 500 lb. bomb 

hit and demolished the masonry building. We had a firefighting crew aboard 

our ship that was dragging fire hoses 

across the dock to put out the fires on the 

liberty ship when the bomb went off and 

they just vanished. I hit the deck under 

two big iron bollards. Debris was flying everywhere. I ran to the galley that 

was our sick bay during raids and helped 

Harold Sears in diving gear standing on sunken ship, which he

later helped raise in Palermo, Sicily.
16 June 2011

the Chief Pharmacist take care of the 

wounded as they were brought aboard. 

Our casualties aboard the NARRAGANSETT were eight men killed and twentyfour wounded. Afterwards, I went up to 

the searchlight platform where my bunk 

was three hours before. My mattress was 

torn to ribbons. The entire area around 

the searchlight was a mass of glass and 

feathers. I am glad I was awakened that 

morning.

The Captain asked me to break out 

the diving gear and check the sunken sub 

chasers. We set the gear up with a DeVillbus compressor and I went over the 

side and climbed around the stern and 

counted depth charges. The number that 

I counted determined that it was not the 

depth charges that caused the explosion 

on the ships, but the bombs dropped by 

German aircraft that sunk #694 and #696 

sub chasers. 

Invasion of Salerno, Italy 

September 9, 1943

Five hundred British and U.S. ships 

hove into the Gulf of Salerno in the early 

hours of September 9th for an assault on 

Italy. The Germans were waiting for us. 

All hell broke loose. There was an “88” 

German gun on the side of the mountain 

just waiting for us. The first shot was 

over us. The second was short. The third 

splashed in the ocean just to our stern. 

He had us bracketed, but the cruiser SAVANNAH had him and blew that 88 off 

the mountain. The NAUSET, our sister ship, was hit and sunk by a German 

plane. We picked up the survivors. Most 

of the wounded 

went down with 

their ship. Our 

armies would 

have been driven 

back to the sea if 

not for our destroyers, cruisers 

and battleships 

fire power. After a couple of 

weeks, Salerno 

beachhead was 

established. 

G e r m a n s 

had a new radiocontrolled flying 

bomb during the 

Salerno campaign. One missed a ship 

offshore and we were ordered to find it, 

inspect it and buoy it off. I found the 

bomb in about sixty feet of water. It was 

approximately 8-10 feet long with two 

pneumatic tires made by Goodyear Tire 

& Rubber Co. I walked around to inspect 

the bomb as there were no specs on it at 

the time. It had not exploded, so I was 

very careful. I attached a harness to the 

wheels of the bomb and a line from the 

buoy. 

On our way in with the invasion fleet 

we lost our anchor and the Captain asked 

me to salvage it. 

After about four hours 

underwater, I found the 

anchor and dragged and 

shackled a cable back to it, 

then proceeded to make the 

cable fast to the anchor, then 

I passed out. When I passed 

out a pocket of air built up 

in my diving suit and I blew 

to the surface. I was unconscious due to carbon monoxide. It started to rain while I 

was searching for the anchor 

and the motor-mac put a 

canvas over the compressor 

sending the exhaust down to 

me. They got me up into the 

boat, stripped off my diving 

gear, and then got me aboard 

the U.S. Army hospital ship 

SHAMROCK, saving my 

life. The doctors and nurses 

on board kept me on oxygen 

for six hours before I regained consciousness.

After a few days I made it back to my 

ship, USS NARRAGANSETT. I climbed 

aboard, saluted colors and saluted the 

OD who informed me that the Captain 

would see me on the bridge. He shook 

hands, gave me a hug, and told me that 

we had not recovered our anchor yet, and 

asked if I was ready for another dive. I 

replied, “yes, sir”. He said, “0800 tomorrow morning”. I saluted him and replied 

again with “yes, sir”. I was elated. I went 

over the side the next morning. It was a 

beautiful day and the water was clear as 

crystal and calm. It took me about two 

hours to complete the dive with the anchor back on ship, job complete.

Approximately three weeks after my 

near fatal exposure to carbon-monoxide 

a Navy Diving Doctor was sent over 

from Washington, D.C. to examine me. 

He suspected the length of exposure to 

carbon-monoxide may have caused damage to my brain and advised me to take a 

medical discharge with a pension for life. 

He wanted to fly me back to the states for 

testing and said, “Exposure to carbonmonoxide is bad stuff and that its damage 

could show up later”. I told the doctor, 

“I don’t mean to be argumentative, but I 

signed up for the duration of the war and 

I feel very strongly about what I am doing”. I explained I had already completDiver Herald S. Sears with Chief Warrant Officer Gunner Conga 

(back center) and fellow shipmates.

Herald S. Sears in full diving rig, Don Davis assisting.
June 2011 17

ed several dives and felt fine, and I really 

wanted to stay until the war was over. He 

said, “If you feel that strongly I’ll let you 

stay, but if you have any problems you 

must come back to the states”. 

The Invasion of Southern France 

August 15th, 1944

Southern France was a different 

operation because the U.S. had control 

of the sea and air. I was transferred to 

the salvage ship USS TACKLE, which 

was a true salvage ship with twelve divers aboard. We were ordered to Port De 

Bouc where there was a large tugboat 

blocking the main entrance to the port. 

The waters were heavily mined, but we 

went to work and removed the tug, which 

opened up the Port for Allied operation. 

We tied off mines and vessels, and a 

French crane picked them up as well as 

other debris. At one point our salvage 

ship, USS TACKLE, backed into a mine 

while I was diving. Fortunately I was 

protected by a peninsula of land, but it 

still felt like I was hit in the chest by Joe 

Lewis. Clearing the harbor in Port De 

Bouc opened up the only available oil 

dock in southern France at that time. For 

my part in the operation, I was promoted 

to First Class Carpenter’s Mate Diver 

Salvage, awarded the Bronze Star, and 

authorized to wear the “Combat V”.

After clearing Port De Bouc, we 

went to Toulon to set up operations then 

back to home base, in Dellys, Africa for 

transfer back to the diving school at Pier 

88, New York. After two years in Europe 

and Africa and four invasions, fourteen 

of us went back to the diving school with 

orders which read 30 days leave, brush 

up on the latest in underwater demolition, and further transfer to the southwest 

Pacific.

I reported back to Pier 88, New York 

Diving School after 30 days of leave. 

The refresher course was a piece of cake 

and I finished first in the class. About a 

week later I was told that I was not to be 

transferred, but to stay at the school as a 

classroom Instructor.

Classroom Instructor

As an Instructor, I was in charge of 

all new arrivals at the school. Applicants 

came from various ships and naval stations around the world. Some applied 

just to get back to the States, while others 

were serious to become U.S. Navy hard 

hat divers. The first thing I did was to 

pick out a sailor and give him four dozen 

pencils with instructions to take them to 

the Carpenters shop and give them to 

the carpenter’s mate. He would take the 

boxes of pencils to the band saw and cut 

off the erasers, then bring them back and 

distribute them to the class. Within five 

minutes, someone would ask the reason 

for cutting off the erasers. Point given. 

In this business, you learn not to make 

mistakes. One mistake may be your last.

I would then take them to the recompression chamber to see if they could 

stand the pressure under which they 

would be exposed while diving. Air pressure at sea level is 14.7 pounds per square 

inch. Water pressure at 100 feet equals 

44 pounds per square inch. So working 

in water 100 feet deep, the pressure on 

your body would be equal to three atmospheres, or 44 pounds per square inch. 

Between ear problems and sinus problems, we would eliminate an average of 

seven men who would be returned to sea 

duty. The remaining men would return to 

the classroom. I showed them how to rig 

beach gear and what it was for, what pontoons were and how they were rigged, including the lifting capacity of a pontoon 

depending on its size.

We had a small decompression 

chamber that was built by the school to 

demonstrate what happened by improper 

decompression when returning to the 

surface from a deep dive using guinea 

pigs. I would have five or six men quit 

the class after the demonstration. Diving 

was not quite as glamorous as they perceived it to be.

When all the classroom studies were 

over, the remaining men would proceed 

to the welding shop to learn to weld and 

burn underwater. From there, they went 

to the float where the instructors suited 

them up and they started their actual diving education. A full suit weighed about 

185 pounds; shoes 171⁄2 pounds each, helmet and breast plate, divers knife, lead 

weights, control valves, exhaust valves, 

overalls, straps and harness. I have seen 

rugged football-type fellows sitting on 

the stool getting suited up and, when the 

helmet was put over his head and locked 

in place, would yell “get me out of this 

rig” from claustrophobia. He would be 

sweating and had to be restrained just so 

he could be undressed and out of the rig. 

Another student heading back to sea duty. 

Of the original 35 men that started in my 

classroom and continued on through the 

entire school, we would end up with an 

average of 8 qualified divers.

I was honorably discharged on September 25, 1945. My experiences as a 

U.S. Navy Salvage Diver were the most 

memorable and rewarding of my life. I 

went back to carpentry work, first as a 

foreman, then superintendent, and eventually business owner. I married my wife 

Jean in 1968, and I became the proud 

Dad to her four children ages 2 to 14 – 

one boy and three girls. We now have 

seven grandchildren and six great grandchildren.

World War II (6 medals, 4 battle stars):

Bronze Star

Good Conduct Medal

European Theater of War Medal w/4 

battle stars: African Campaign, Invasion 

of Sicily, Invasion of Italy, Invasion of 

Southern France (Port De Bouc)

Combat V Medal

Victory Medal

American Theater of War Medal

Harold Sears and wife Jean Sears
18 June 2011

Considerations when PLANNING 

CONTAMINATED WATER DIVES:

•	Identify major toxins at the planned dive site – lean on

local knowledge if no testing available.

•	Protect diver to ONE LEVEL HIGHER than foreseen exposure calls for.

•	Protection versus comfort in hot weather issometimes

diametrically opposed – DO NOT RISK divers’ health by

reducing protection, always reduce bottom time instead.

•	In warm environments, set up the dive to keep divers

and equipment cool during dress out and brief. This

maximizesthe actual working time of divers before onset of heat exhaustion and/or dehydration.

•	Ensure all parties are completely briefed on the Decontamination Procedures BEFORE commencing dives.

•	In oily water, boom off the diver entry/ exit area and

clear the surface using small oil skimmers or sorbents. 

•	Remember the 5 P’s – PRIOR PLANNING PREVENTS

POOR PERFORMANCE

In light of recent operations like Japan Disaster Relief, Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Response, and even 

Hurricanes Katrina and Rita Recovery, all involving 

contaminates in the water, it inevitably raises the 

topic of “Diver Decontamination.” Included here are 

some ideas to keep in mind when getting involved in 

these types of diving operations.

Considerations for SETTING UP 

DECONTAMINATION STATIONS:

•	Close proximity to vital services (running water, electricity) is extremely beneficial.

•	Size station depending on expected exposure (i.e. is there

a need for “hot, warm, and cold” zones? (see figure 1)

•	Choose appropriate decontamination solution – clean,

fresh water and antimicrobial soap are very effective in

most situations.

•	Choose proper tools (i.e. brushes, hoses, sprayers, sorbent pads, containment pools)

•	TENDERS NEED TO BE PROTECTED when decontaminating

the diver especially because they must keep hands on the

diver at all times– standard practice during any serious

contaminated water operations should be full Tyvek suits,

rubber boots w/ tread, rubber gloves and face shields.

•	Consider the transition area, if there’s a stage, how will

you decontaminate the cable as it comes up? What about

the umblicals?

•	Establish a primary decontamination wash (wading pool)

and rinse (wading pool) as the first step in the “Hot Zone”

after the tool drop, to wash the most significant contamination off the diver.

•	Sorbents can also be used for wiping off contaminated

areas of clothing or equipment. Wiping should mainly be

done in the secondary wash after the heaviest contamination has been removed.

•	Water used during decontamination procedures must be

carefully controlled and kept to a minimum. Water generated from decontamination procedures should be treated

as hazardous waste. 
June 2011 19

AVAILABLE RESOURCES: 

•	Information on thousands of hazardous chemicals, health hazards, recommended protective clothing, and

chemical properties. Also, see what additional hazards might occur if chemicals you select are mixed together. 

http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/

•	NOAA offers helpful Contaminated Water Diving reports at http://www.ndc.noaa.gov/rp_cwd.html

•	OSHA’s Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response regulations (29 CFR 1910.120) at http://www.osha.gov

under Regulations > 29 CFR

•	Also check out SUPSALV’s “Guidance for Diving in Contaminated Waters” and other resources at http://www.supsalv.org 

under 00C3 > Contaminated Water Diving.

•	NAVSEA 00C Diving Division has a limited supply of containment pools, an inflatable shower tent and a sprayer unit

meant for equipping a decontamination station in the event that no other resources are available to a dive team. 

The most important decontamination solution is potable water. A plentiful supply of potable water, preferably from a low

pressure hose hooked up to a municipal watersupply, large water tank orship’sstores, isthe first and laststep of all decontamination procedures. If a hose to a supply is not available, smaller containers (e.g., 5-gallon buckets, collapsible plastic

containers, Hudson sprayers) of potable water could be used. The water

should not be under pressure any higher than typical municipal water

pressure of 40-70 psi. High pressure hoses, like pressure washers, may

damage the diver’s suit, force contaminants into seams or contaminate

nearby surface support personnel. In some instances a thorough rinse

with potable water is all the decontamination the diver needs.

A strong solution of antimicrobial soap (dish soap typically has more

surfactant than hand soap) is the next most commonly used decontamination solution. Soap’s surfactant action will remove most organic

contamination, and scrubbing with soap water will remove sedimentassociated inorganics (i.e. metals). Soap will also wash away biological

contaminants.

- U.S. EPA ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE TEAM DIVER

DECONTAMINATION SOLUTIONS

By: Stephanie Brown

Figure 1: It is important to incorporate a non-skid 

mat in the bottom of containment pools used in a 

decon station to reduce slip hazards
20 June 2011

Saying “thanks,” sounds easy but too often we let those opportunities pass us by. We see our men and 

women in the military at airports and 

throughout the community and they are 

most often always willing to help each 

other and lend a helping hand. The military community is fiercely committed to 

taking care of one another and this extraordinary feeling of community has 

been exemplified over and over again 

at the Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, 

Cuba (GTMO).

This is our opportunity to say 

“Thank You“ to the hundreds of volunteers at GTMO who have helped to 

support Soldiers Undertaking Disabled 

Scuba (SUDS) over the past few years.

The SUDS mission is to help improve the lives of injured veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan, to 

facilitate their rehabilitation and promote 

mobility through the sport of SCUBA 

diving. The accomplishment of that mission is evident from the very first day of 

certification dives when the wounded 

veterans can barely hold their second 

stages in their mouths because they are 

grinning so broadly. These amazing 

young men and women are engaged and 

excited and fully invested in the SCUBA 

experience. The initial training and pool 

work is offered at Walter Reed Army 

Medical Center (WRAMC) and the open 

water certification trips, like those to 

SUDS

By: John Thompson, Carla Chatterton, and Jane Spencer

Soldiers Undertaking Disabled SCUBA

Just Say “Thanks”

GTMO, take place throughout the year to 

a warm water location. It is rewarding to 

all of us involved, knowing that the pain 

of injury, the emotional scars, the worry 

for the future is set aside, if only for a 

little while, and the men and women are 

reminded that cool challenges and exciting adventures continue to be a part of 

their future. The rehabilitation manifests 

itself both physically and psychologically. That part of the mission is a “nobrainer” to see and experience. 

There is another very special blessing 

that is experienced by all those who have 

the opportunity to go on one of the trips 

to GTMO, and that is the overwhelming 

spirit of volunteerism, of helping one’s 

brother, of honoring our National heroes. 

Those that have had the privilege to 

go to GTMO can’t say enough about the 

support. Shane Heath was injured in Iraq 

and was introduced to SUDS during his 

rehabilitation at WRAMC. Shane has 

had the opportunity to participate on two 

GTMO dive trips. This is what he had 

to say:

“GTMO trips easily stand out as two 

of the best dive trips, both the military 

and dive community are extremely supportive. They welcome us with open 

arms, and do everything they can to make 

sure we are comfortable and taken care of 

during the trip. They also understand that 

for a lot of us, these trips are very important for helping to restore confidence in 

ourselves and our abilities. The GTMO 

volunteers are content to let us try and 

do things ourselves, but as soon as one 

of us needs help with something, there’s 

a person by our side ready to give us a 

hand (pun intended). They don’t baby us, 

and they don’t pity us because of our injuries. Instead, they treat us like equals. 

And when it comes to helping wounded 

soldiers restore our self-confidence...that 

is the biggest gift of all.”

Today, Shane is working on his Divemaster certification and has aspirations 

to one day become an instructor. Shane 

is an inspiration to everyone he meets in 

and out of the water. 

Since the inception of SUDS in 2007, 

there have been six dive trips to GTMO. 

John Thompson, President and SUDS 

founder, says of the most recent trip: 

“We can’t say enough about how 

much we appreciate all the support from 

the folks at GTMO both on the Civilian 

and Military side. This is our signature 

trip, the one that everyone wants to go 

on and we feel honored to have the opportunity... it just keeps getting better... 

by now it is a well oiled machine with a 

cadre of excellent staff and volunteers.” 

The February 2011 trip included seven injured veterans; five were completing 

their open water certificate and two were 

working on their advanced open water 

certification. In addition to the SUDS 

participates, the brother-in- law of Rear 
June 2011 21

Goat Locker. We were treated to a very 

special evening at the home of Admiral 

Harleton’s and his wife where the Admiral presented Commanders Coins and 

certificates to all the participants. Another night was dedicated to a beach party at 

Cable Beach sponsored by our dive hosts 

Jessie and Bill Keenan of Ocean Enterprises. All the SUDS vets are presented 

with their SCUBA certification card and 

a bonfire blazed in their honor. Our last 

2011 trip to GTMO, left to right:Tyler Anderson, David Gaffney, Matt White, Joe Yantz, 

John Rice, Stefanie Mason, Eric Cowin seated: Dan Muldoon

2008 trip to GTMO left to right: Joseph Crossno, Chris Koning, Kevin Brown, Michael 

Blair, Shane Heath Kneeling:Gilberto Correr-Ruiz

Admiral Jeffrey Harbeson, Commander, 

Joint Task Force Guantanamo joined us. 

He is a paraplegic from an injury received 

in an accident a number of years ago. 

The eight participants received individualized training from SUDS instructors tailored to their injuries and specific 

needs. The initial training that they receive is so good that by the time they get 

to open water the certification dives are 

a breeze. 

At GTMO, we were fortunate to be 

granted access to some of the restricted 

areas where the diving is pristine. Hidden Beach and Blue Bleach were amazing shore dives, complete with that Caribbean blue water that you dream about; 

and all the usual underwater characters 

making an appearance. SUDS Divers 

got to interact with stingrays, turtles, lionfish, VERY large Groupers and Dog 

Snappers in addition to the many reef 

fishes and coral gardens. As expected the 

diving was great, the weather perfect and 

the support from both the military and civilian on GTMO was outstanding. 

In addition to the great diving, our 

evenings were packed full of great food 

and fun. There was a barbeque of some 

“serious” ribs prepared by the Jamaican 

nationals who service the GTMO Fire 

department. The Chief Petty Officers of 

Guantanamo hosted a buffet dinner at the 

evening was spent at CAPT Mary Nutley’s beautiful home for a Cuba inspired 

dinner on the terrace overlooking Guantanamo Bay. During the days when not 

diving, the group was offered several optional tours; the Navy Dive Locker with 

its recompression chamber reinforced the 

importance of being a safe diver. A very 

informative visit to the North East Gate, 

which is the gateway of the border of 

Cuba, helped to explain why the United 

States continues to maintain an active 

military base in a Communist country. 

And, of course, a trip to GTMO would 

not be complete without a shopping trip 

to Ocean Enterprises dive shop for some 

t-shirts and souvenirs.

Jane Spencer, SUDS instructor was 

part of the last trip and has this to say:

 “Before the trip I was sent an itinerary...I laughed out loud when I opened 

the document, it was 13 pages long and 

described every moment from the time 

we were expected to hit the deck until 

lights out. You gotta love military precision! Included in the itinerary were long 

lists of people who had volunteered for 

each step of our five day visit. Several 

people might be designated to provide 

breakfast at 0730 and without a hitch 

breakfast would arrive on schedule, 

“Have a good dive!” and the volunteer 
22 June 2011

John Thompson, President and founder of 

SUDS, Jan Spencer SUDS dive instructor and 

Carla Chatterton all share a passion for supporting our war heroes and the dive community 

and all agree that they get far more then they 

give in volunteering to help with the SUDS program.

Above and background photo: Tom Davis 

during GTMO trip 2010.

would fade away. In the meantime ten 

other volunteers were at the dock, loading gear, getting drinks iced down, filling 

tanks and receiving the day’s lunch from 

yet another contingent of volunteers. 

Not for the glory, not for recognition, not 

for the chance to meet the SUDS Divers...but because it is the right thing to do 

and because the military community is 

fiercely committed to taking care of one 

another. This scenario played itself out in 

many, many ways throughout our stay.” 

 One special moment for Carla was 

on Blue Beach. She said: 

“I had readied myself and was in 

the water facing the shoreline, chest 

deep, waiting for my two students. Each 

of them had a team of three volunteers 

helping to steady them through the surf 

and get fins and mask in place. Looking 

left, the same scenario was playing out 

with another instructor and his students. 

On the shore line an even larger contingent of helpers were preparing to lift a 

paraplegic diver from his wheelchair and 

gently put him in the water to gear up. 

Other groups of helpers were standing by 

with clipboards checking divers and staff 

in and out of the water. A large group of 

big guys were erecting a tent to provide 

shade and a long line of sherpas were 

moving tanks from trucks to a central location on the beach. In all, it would not 

be an exaggeration to say that 100 people 

were on that beach helping and making 

the dives happen. And among these sherpas was the Admiral...hauling tanks and 

helping out, right along with everyone 

else. The Admiral was leading by example, doing the right thing, taking care of 

his military family along with everyone 

else. That was a powerful image that will 

stay with me.”

Jane says that she gets much more 

out of her participation in SUDS than she 

can ever give: 

“I am able to take my passion for 

diving and teaching and use it for a good 

and noble purpose. And so one of the 

things I can do to pay it forward is to 

make certain that I also encourage others to be proactive about saying “thanks” 

to the wounded men and women and to 

those whose wounds may not be evident 

but who have also put their lives on hold 

to fight for a world free of terrorism. I 

watch people in the airports... the military community will approach our guys 

and offer a hand and a word. Civilians do 

not... some may want to, but they do not. 

I tell everyone I meet that all it takes is 

to make eye contact and say “thanks.” It 

means a lot. Buy the soldier in line behind you at Starbucks a cup of coffee, or 

the Marine at the bar beside you a beer. 

Volunteer and contribute to the many 

projects that help veterans and their families. Say thank you for serving.” 

The military community of GTMO 

sets an example to all of us to express 

thanks to our National heroes and to 

show appreciation for their sacrifice in 

any way we can. 
June 2011 23

Crossword Puzzle

U.S Navy Dive Manual 

Chapter 3: Underwater Physiology and Diving Disorders

Crossword answers on pg.29

ACROSS

1. The average human body contains approximately 

________liters of blood.

3. _________ is an abnormal deficiency of oxygen in 

the arterial blood.

5. ______ will occur when there is no gas to breathe.

6. The eardrum does not have to rupture for 

_________ vertigo to occur.

7. Hearing loss and ringing in the ears is known as 

______________?

11. ____________is a raising of the core temperature 

of the body.

13. _________ is the colorless, watery portion of the 

blood.

14. _______ is the total amount of air moved in or out 

of the lungs in one minute.

16. One symptom of carbon monoxide poisoning is 

___________?

17. For a squeeze to occur during descent _________ 

conditions must be met.

20. _________ law states the amount of gas that dissolves in a liquid is almost directly proportional to 

the partial pressure of the gas.

DOWN

2. The lungs contain millions of small expandable air 

sacs called________?

4. _________ is an abnormally high level of carbon 

dioxide in the blood and body tissues.

8. A fold in the sinus-lining membrane, a cyst or 

an outgrowth of the sinus membrane is called a 

________?

9. The two types of oxygen toxicity experienced by divers are pulmonary and ______Oxygen toxicity.

10. ____________ is a lowering of the core tempera 

ture of the body.

12. __________ is a derangement of central nervous 

system function that occurs during deep HEO2

dives, particularly saturation dives.

15. One symptom of Hypoxia is _____________?

18. _____ is caused by the expansion of gas taken into 

the lungs while breathing under pressure and held 

in the lungs during ascent.

19. Arterial bubbles can act as _________ blocking the 

blood supply of almost any tissue leading to hypoxia, cell injury or death.
24 June 2011

Navy Reserve Surgemain 

The Surgemain Program has now 

added the Navy Diver rating 

to the mix of enlisted ratings that support the third largest enlisted program 

within the Navy Reserve. The 1,400+ 

Surgemain sailors support our nation’s 

public shipyards, 

regional maintenance centers, and 

other commands 

by providing the 

right skills at the 

right place at the 

right time. Re -

cently, the Surgem a i n P r o g r a m 

established two 

Reserve Surgemain Dive Units; 

one at the Norfolk 

Naval Shipyard 

and the other at 

the Naval Undersea Warfare Center 

in Newport, R.I. 

Reserve Navy Divers also provide 

support for other 

commands such as 

the Navy Experimental Dive Unit Panama City, Florida, the USS EMORY S. 

LAND (AS 39) in Guam and the Deep 

Submergence Unit in San Diego, CA. 

With public shipyards and regional 

maintenance centers under constant fiscal pressure, the Surgemain Program 

provides some budgetary relief by tapping into the skill sets of Navy Reserve 

sailors to assist in the workload. Many 

Surgemain sailors are typically prior active duty personnel with years of fleet experience and training. These fine sailors 

left active duty to pursue college education or other worthwhile civilian career 

endeavors. Navy Divers are no exception 

to this path. However, while pursuing a 

civilian career, a Reserve Navy Diver 

can continue to support the U.S. Navy in 

the Surgemain Dive Program. This is a 

“win-win” for our nation and the Diver, 

because as a Reserve Navy Diver we 

continue to see a return on investment 

of all the training they received while on 

active duty while they now pursue other 

interests. Therefore, each Navy Diver 

is a “national asset” being well-employed by the Reserve Dive Programs.

Reserve Navy Divers with NR 

SURGEMAIN Dive Newport primarily support the Naval Undersea Warfare Center Newport Division (NUWC 

Newport) by seamlessly integrating with 

NUWC Newport’s Engineering & Diving Support Unit (EDSU). The Unit was 

designed to have twenty Navy Divers 

and two Engineering Duty Diving Officers support NUWC’s test and evaluation 

mission with diving and small boat operations. Recent operations have included 

recompression chamber training, retrieval of experimental biological electrodes, 

compass swims for swimmer defense 

testing, NUWC 

submarine maintenance diving in 

Groton, CT and 

special projects 

in support of the 

D e p a r t m e n t o f 

Homeland Se -

curity. One unit 

member suc -

cessfully crossrated from Sonar Technician to 

N a v y D i v e r i n 

FY10.

Reserve Navy 

Divers with NR 

S U R G E M A I N 

Norfolk support 

the NNSY Dive 

Locker. Most of 

the dive work is 

on vessels in dock 

at Naval Station Norfolk; although, work 

is also performed on vessels at NNSY. 

The Dive Locker primarily performs surface supplied diving, although, a small 

SCUBA capability exists including the 

new DP-2 (XLWDS – Extreme Light 

Weight Dive System (LWDS)) system. 

Dive systems include the Fly-Away Dive 

System III (FADS-III) and the LWDS: 

(Alpha – FADS-III; Bravo – LWDS; 

Charlie – LWDS; Delta – FADS-III; Echo 

– FADS-III; Foxtrot – LWDS). Helmets 

include the Mk-20, including underwater (UW) video recording and lighting 

capabilities. The Dive Locker also has 

one DP-2 (XLWDS – Extreme LWDS) 

for the Hull Inspection Team (comprised 

of personnel from the teams) as required 

for Quality Assurance (QA). Examples 

By:CDR R.D. Clovis, NR SUPSALV Community Manager

ND1 Paul Ford enters the water for a hull inspection of the EX-COBIA in Wisconsin. 

Photo credit: Richard Boettcher

For more information about a 

rewarding career in the Navy Reserve 

Surgemain Dive Program, contact:

CAPT Gunzel (C: 360-340-5174) 

CDR Clovis (W: 505-844-1419)
June 2011 25

MK-28 UBA

Evaluation

NEDU continues evaluation of the MK-28 UBA for 

progression toward an interim certification. The MK 28 

is the commercially available Megalodon closed circuit 

rebreather manufactured by Innerspace Corporation, Centralia, WA. An interim certification is planned for one year 

to evaluate reliability, durability, cost, maintenance and 

logistics for possible integration into the fleet. Pictured on 

left are the first Navy open-water test dives conducted in 

late March 2011 off the coast of Panama City, FL. The divers are Steve Smith, 00C44, BMCM/MDV (ret) and ND1 

Wayne Johnson. The tender is NDC Gabe Harlander.

 Dive Program

of work include cofferdam installation; propeller repair and replacement; hull inspections; 

rudder repair, removal, 

and installation; sonar 

repair and replacement; 

secondary propulsion 

motor troubleshooting, 

removal, and replacement; towed array winch 

work; anchor work; etc.

Reserve Navy Divers with NR EXPERIM E N TA L D I V I N G 

SUPPORT UNIT (Great 

Lakes, IL) focus on supporting the Navy Experimental Diving Unit 

(NEDU Panama City, 

Florida). The Reserve 

Unit also provides regional diving support to 

Great Lakes, NTC and 

SURGEMAIN Units. The Unit recently 

worked with SURGEMAIN Green Bay 

providing a diving inspection on the XCOBIA (WWII Museum submarine) 

supporting NAVSEA’s Ships Inspection 

Program. The Unit also provides diving 

requalification support to other regional 

units such as the Center of Excellence 

EOD detachment and the 

NSW DET. The reserve 

Unit is composed of one 

EOD Officer, 13 Navy 

Divers (NDs), and SCUBA qualified Sailors. 

While serving in these 

Navy Reserve Dive Units, 

Navy Divers continue to 

pursue their civilian interests as firefighters, diving 

medical technicians, police officers, commercial 

divers, engineers, contractors, attorneys, engineers, 

college students and more 

while receiving benefits 

such as TRICARE, earning time toward a Reserve 

military retirement, promotion, etc.

CDR Clovis is a community manager in the Navy 

Reserve NAVSEA 00C SUPSALV Unit. 

His Navy service spans 28 years of both 

active and reserve duty as an Electricians 

Mate and Engineering Duty Officer.

Combined Dive team from NR NAVEXPDIVESUP and EOD OSU10 prepare to do tire recovery during pier cleanup operations in Fort Lauderdale, 

FL. Photo credits: ND1 Paul Ford
26 June 2011

Christian J. Lambertsen, M.D., D.Sc. (Hon) passed away on February 11, 2011. He received a B.S. Degree from Rutgers University in 1938 and a M.D. Degree from the University of 

Pennsylvania in 1943. During his medical school period, he invented and first used forms of the initial 

U.S. self-contained closed circuit oxygen rebreathing apparatus, for neutral buoyancy underwater swimming and diving. As a student, he aided the early Office of Strategic Services (O.S.S.) in establishing the 

first cadres of U.S. military operational combat swimmers. Dr. Lambertsen became a U.S. Army medical 

officer on graduation from medical school in early 1943, and immediately joined the O.S.S. Maritime 

Unit on active duty throughout World War II. He joined the University of Pennsylvania Medical Faculty 

in 1946, and became Professor of Pharmacology in 1952. While a faculty member he combined diving 

research and further underwater rebreathing equipment developments for the Army and Navy. In 1967 

he served as Founding President of the Undersea Medical Society (now Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society.) Dr. Lambertsen is recognized by the Naval Special Warfare community as “The Father of 

U.S. Combat Swimming.” His hand has touched every aspect of military and commercial diving. Dr. 

Lambertsen’s active contributions to diving began during WWII and became even more progressive in the post-war period through the 

evolutions of the U.S. Navy Deep Submergence and Naval Special Warfare developmental programs. Source: National Navy SEAL 

Museum - www.navysealmuseum.com

Captain David Michael Balk, 53, passed away Dec. 2, 2010 in Virginia Beach, VA. CAPT Balk enlisted in the Navy in November 1979, where he was one of the first under the Civil Engineer 

Corps Collegiate Program. In June 1980, he received a B.S. in Architectural Engineering from California 

Polytechnic State University at San Luis Obispo, CA, and an M.E. in Ocean Engineering from Texas A&M 

in December 1986. He served as the Environmental Department Head of the Naval Facilities Engineering 

Service Center, and Commanding Officer of Underwater Construction Team TWO before starting his Seabee career as Officer in Charge at Amphibious Construction Battalion (PHIBCB) ONE A3-80 and Naval 

Beach Group ONE onboard the USS SCHENECTADY (LST 1185). He was then stationed in the middle 

east as Resident Officer in Charge of Construction, leading an all Seabee Public Works Department in the 

largest construction and maintenance to date at Administrative Support Unit Bahrain. 

Folding his love of the ocean with his professional career, he volunteered and was selected for the 

Ocean Facilities Program as the Facilities and Hyperbaric Engineer at the Naval Medical Research Institute. As the senior diver of 50 Saturation Divers, he participated in several diving experiments, including a 

1,000-foot of seawater deep open water saturation dive. CAPT Balk’s next assignment was to Naval Sea Systems Command 00C, where 

he served as an Underwater Ship Husbandry Project Manager. This tour was interrupted by his special assignment to Operation Desert 

Shield and Operation Desert Storm. While there, he provided on-scene engineering support for harbor recovery, underwater ships husbandry, and diving and salvage evaluations. Upon his return, he was transferred to Naval Construction Training Center Port Hueneme 

as the Executive Officer, where he laid the groundwork for the new Interservice engineering training for all engineering ratings (MOS’s) 

of the Army, Marine Corps, Navy, and Air Force. CAPT Balk also served as Director, Ocean Facilities Program and FIRST Naval Construction Division Diving Officer, with well over 250,000 minutes of bottom time. CAPT Balk retired 

from the Navy Expeditionary Combat Command (NECC) in Little Creek after serving 30 years in the 

U.S. Naval Civil Engineer Corps (Seabees). 

CAPT Balk was a member of the Department of Defense Professional Acquisition Work 

Force as a certified Level III Contracting Officer and obtained several qualifications, including: 

Seabee Combat Warfare Officer; Surface Warfare Officer; Saturation and Salvage Diving Officer (Navy Aquanaut), as well as a qualified Parachutist. Throughout his Navy career, CAPT 

Balk received (4) Meritorious Service Medals, (4) Navy Commendation Medals with combat 

V, Navy Achievement Medal, Combat Action Ribbon, and several other unit and campaign 

awards. His enthusiasm and passion for engineering, ocean sciences, and anything to do 

with the ocean was surpassed only by his love of family. Capt. Balk is survived by his wife of 

30 years, Juanita Paula; his son, 1st Lt. Alexander Sean; his daughter, Meghan Anne; and his 

mother, Melvina Lee of Tucson, Arizona. Written by: Karin Lynn
June 2011 27

Darrell Williams passed away on August 1, 2010 after a long period of fighting bone and lung cancer. Darrell joined the Navy December 1959, and was first stationed on the USS BENNINGTON as a boatswains mate. He became a First Class Diver in May 1965, and transferred to the Fleet Submarine Escape Facility. In 1969, he was assigned a Vietnam tour of duty aboard the USS VESUVIUS and 

suffered combat injuries. Darrell had a break in service until 1975 when he re-enlisted and was stationed 

on the USS GILMORE in La Maddalena. In 1976 he was stationed aboard USS SIMON LAKE, and in 

1979 Darrell was stationed at the Naval Submarine Base in Kings Bay, GA. Later that year he qualified as 

a USN Master Diver and eventually transferred to the USS ASKARI in Little Creek, VA. He had a short 

tour at Solomon’s Island, Maryland Naval Base, and in 1982 he transferred to the Trident base in Bangor 

Washington. Darrell spent his last active duty tour at the Naval Diving School Panama City, Florida 1983-

1985, retiring as BMCS(MDV). 

In 1986, Darrell joined NAVSEA 00C4 (Diving System Safety Certification) as a civilian. His extensive diving experience and love of working with and helping all the USN Divers was a perfect match. Before 

he retired from 00C4 in 1998, he came up with a number of innovations including the concept of teaching the young Navy Divers about 

their Diving Systems, how they operate, and why we have various maintenance requirements. This philosophy and passion culminated 

in the development of the 00C Top Side Tech Notes. Today Navy Dive Lockers use these publications for plain language essential 

knowledge needed to maintain their diving systems. In September 1995 Darrell retired from SEA 00C and moved to Morganton, NC 

where he refined his woodworking skills in building furniture.

Always caring about his passion, Navy Divers, he worked hard to make all of our lives better. If you actually had the benefit of 

meeting, or better yet getting to know him, you knew Darrell was a man you could count on, as a mentor and a friend. He was one of 

those few very special people who have a lasting positive influence on all who met him. He was that true “Renaissance Man” that all of 

us have heard stories about, but few have met. A Navy Master Diver, a Warrior, a Peace Officer, a Catfish Farmer, a furniture maker, a 

golfer, a cartoonist, a teller of very tall tails, a consummate prankster and most of all a real family man whose wife, Pat, and two daughters, Tammy and Rachel, were always in his thoughts. He had a passion for life, and doing things right and safely that was infectious. 

He was one of our best. We all will deeply miss him.

Written by: Gary Crawford and Robert Warren 

Robert B. Moss CAPT. USNR (Retired) passed away in January 2009 at the age of 79. Bob Moss graduated from Washington State College in 1952 with an engineering degree, and enrolled in OCS in Newport, RI. Upon commissioning he attended the US Naval School of Diving and 

Salvage in Bayonne NJ. He served aboard the USS Mender (ARS(D) 2 ) from 1953 to 1955 engaging 

in salvage operations in Korea and the nuclear tests at Bikini Atoll. From 1955 to 1957 he was on the 

staff of the Commander Pacific Reserve Fleet. Bob was released to the inactive reserve from 1957 to 

1967 and during this period he worked as a test lab engineer for General Dynamics and as the head of 

the Naval Architecture branch of the Supervisor of Ship Building, San Diego. In 1967 he was recalled to 

active duty and posted to the Naval Repair Facility Subic Bay, PI as Repair Officer. In 1970 he reported 

to the Naval Sea Systems Command in the office of the Supervisor of Salvage where he served as Deputy 

Supervisor of Salvage, becoming the Director of Ocean Engineering in May of 1976 and serving in that 

capacity until June 1979. During this period he participated in the salvage of the Great Lakes Freighter 

Sydney E. Smith near Port Huron, MI in June 1972. Captain Moss recognized the untapped resources 

available to the salvage force from the Naval Reserve. His successful efforts to bring the Reserves fully on 

board resulted in the establishment of the Reserve Salvage and Diving Units which now support the Supervisor of Salvage. His work in 

defining the declining Salvage posture of the US Navy to his superiors and the Chief of Naval Operations Executive Board resulted in 

program development and funding which greatly improved Navy Salvage capability. In August of 1973 the Pisces III manned submersible operated by Vickers Oceanics Limited sank in 1,600 feet of water off the coast of Ireland. Captain Moss, as the Supervisor of Salvage 

on-site representative, was a key figure in the rescue of the crew and the recovery of the submersible. 

In 1975 he was one of the principals in the operation to clear the Suez Canal. Following his tour as Supervisor of Salvage, Captain 

Moss assumed the duties of Inspector General of the Naval Sea System Command retiring from the Naval Service in 1985. Written by: 

Captain William N. Klorig
28 June 2011

NDSTC Stands Up its New 

ATF Named in Honor of

CWO Robert (Bob) A. Barth

On October 1, 2009, the Naval 

Diving and Salvage Training 

Center completed the final System Certification of its new Aquatic Training 

Facility (ATF). The ATF was a project 

almost ten years in the making. The original plan initiated in 1999 was to acquire 

a second training pool to help break the 

frequent training log jams resulting from 

the limited capacity of the existing pool. 

From early 1999 thru late 2006 the need 

to dramatically increase student throughput at NDSTC produced headway on the 

planning for the new pool facility and the 

funding was finally approved.

The new ATF pool is 40 ft wide, 75 

ft long, 40 ft deep, and contains 900,000 

gallons of fresh water. The pool can be 

heated for year-round operations and 

has a large gantry crane which can travel 

the length of the pool to lift 

projects in and out of the 

water. The cranes large hook 

(60 ton Safe Working Load) 

and Small Hook (5 ton Safe 

Working Load) capably handle even the largest project 

loads for use in diver training. The pool has a 15,000 

gallon surge tank to accommodate overflow water when 

large objects are placed in 

the pool. The ATF also has a 

new Lock-out Trunk (LOT) 

located at the west end with 

the ability to lock-out 9 divers into the pool at the 35 ft 

depth level. Additionally, 

there are four Divers Life 

Support System (DLSS) 

Pool Panels, one located at 

each corner of the pool. Each 

panel can be flex-hose connected to a 

FADS III Air Control Console Assembly (ACCA) to support concurrent training missions involving up to 12 divers. 

There is also a new MK-16 classroom/

lab co-located on the pool deck which 

is fully equipped and certified to maintain and set up MK-16 UBA training 

for up to 25 students at the same time.

Construction of the ATF Pool was 

performed by Harry Pepper & Associates; the DLSS panels and LOT were designed by Mr. Alin Schmutz, NAVFAC 

Diving System Design Engineer, built 

by the Panama City TECNICO office 

and certified by Mr. Rob Smith, NAVFAC Dive System Certification Authority (SCA).

NDSTC flexed their in-house facility 

management and dive system operations 

and maintenance expertise to closely coordinate the complex design, fabrication, 

testing, and delivery of this nearly $18 

million project. The NDSTC engineering effort was and still is orchestrated 

by the Engineering Department Head, 

Mr. Dave Sullivan. Mr. Sullivan was 

capably supported by his “hand picked” 

civilian staff of former Navy members 

to ensure the successful outcome of the 

project. Sullivan’s staff include: Mr. Ray 

Davis (Facilities Manager), Mr. Ed Delanoy (Hyperbaric’s Division Officer), Mr. 

Dave Thompson (QA Officer), Mr. P.T. 

Moore (Crane/Weight Handling Division 

Officer) and a host of other staff members.

The certification dive for the LOT 

was performed by NDSTC Commanding 

Officer, CDR Tim Richardt and CWO3 

Donovan Motley, NDSTC 

Assistant Engineering Department Head. The dive was 

supervised by a lock-out qualified Master Diver, NDCM 

Tim Hall, NDSTC Training 

Department. CDR Richardt 

and Master Diver Hall both 

remarked that the certification 

of this new training facility 

will provide a wide range of 

training possibilities and capabilities for the both the near 

and distant future.

On September 15, 2010, 

NDSTC officially dedicated/

christened this remarkable 

new facility as the CWO Robert A. Barth Aquatic Training 

Facility. This event represented the successful culmination of nearly three years of 

By: Dave Sullivan, Ed Delanoy, and Jim Halwachs

Left: CWO Robert (Bob) A. Barth addresses attendees at the 

NDSTC dedication ceremony. Right: CDR Tim Richardt, CO 

of NDSTC at the time of dedication ceremony.
June 2011 29

an endeavor initiated to obtain the Chief 

of Naval Operations (CNO) approval to 

name the ATF in honor of a living person. Naming a Naval building in honor 

of a living person is extremely rare; 

however, there is a provision to allow 

it in the case of a uniquely appropriate 

living candidate. Robert A. “Bob” Barth 

is just such a uniquely appropriate living 

candidate.

Bob Barth is known, respected, and 

even revered by virtually all U.S. Navy 

Divers since the early 1950’s. Beyond 

his cited achievements, Bob has always 

availed himself to train, mentor, and 

guide all divers at any level and to assist them with any need. As astronaut/

aquanaut Scott Carpenter attests, “Bob is 

not forthcoming with self-acclaim for his 

lifetime of myriad notable contributions 

to the advancement of diving capability and the betterment of divers. He has, 

however, surreptitiously but indelibly 

left his footprint in the beginning and the 

history of saturation and closed-circuit 

mixed gas diving and in the fond memories of all who have had the privilege of 

meeting him”. There is no other US Navy 

Diver, past or present more deserving of 

the honor of having the new Navy Aquatic Training Facility named after them. 

Bob has had a direct and significant 

influence on past, present and future 

Navy diving operations, policies and procedures. In particular, his unique diving 

and diving support career includes serving as the first ever 

U.S. Navy (or civilian) saturation diver 

nearly 50 years ago.

In addition, after 

concluding a distinguished naval career of 22 years, he 

further engaged his 

extensive diving expertise in the civil 

service as the Navy’s 

Diving Apparatus 

Mishap Investigator. 

Throughout his military and civil service 

career, his too-numerous-to-count contributions to Navy 

and other military diving programs were 

monumental toward the enhancement of 

safe diving and the advancement of the 

diving state of the art. This is significant, 

in that our future Navy Divers, the great 

majority enlisted, will receive their diver 

training in the ATF. It is only fitting that 

this superb 21st century state of the art 

aquatic training facility be named in honor of such a great American hero, whose 

individual efforts toward the advancement of safe and effective Navy diving 

contributed so profoundly to that cause.

ACROSS:

1. Five

3. Hypoxia

5. Asphyxia

6. Caloric

7. Tinnitus

11. Hyperthermia

13. Plasma

14. RMV

16. Nausea

17. Five

20. Henry’s

DOWN:

2. Alveoli

4. Hypercapnia

8. Polyp

9. CNS

10. Hypothermia

12. HPNS

15. Euphoria

18. AGE

19. Emboli

Crossword Puzzle

Answers

Dave Sullivan is a retired Navy Saturation 

Diver following 20 years of service. Currently the Engineering Officer at NDSTC 

since 1999. Ed Delanoy is a retired Naval 

Diving Warrant CWO4 following 26 years 

of service. Currently the Hyperbaric’s Division Officer at NDSTC since 2003. CDR 

Jim Halwachs, USN (Ret.) served 20 years 

in CEC and ED diving and shipyard submarine repair positions, retiring from active duty as CO NEDU. He was most recently the commercial program manager 

for certification of USN ADS and for design, fabrication and certification of the 

USN Submarine Rescue System, SRDRS/

RCS.

Pictured above: Swimmer Delivery Vehicle 

(SDV) from the SDV School House being 

lifted and placed in our 40 ft deep training 

tank by the Engineering Dept. of NDSTC. 

This tank will provide clear water for the 

SDV Instructors to train in and plenty of 

depth for the SDV in open water.
30 June 2011

When divers leave surface they subject themselves to the dangers of a hyperbaric environment and by 

default its corresponding inherent ailments. The U. S. Navy Diving Manual 

describes in great detail the recognition 

and treatment of the common disorders 

either caused or exacerbated by a hyperbaric environment. It is the bible for all 

U.S. Navy Divers and the gold standard 

reference for all other divers worldwide. A quandary 

occurs, however, when a 

diver presents with physical findings, symptomatology, and a profile that does 

not correspond exactly 

with the disease descriptions in the Diving Manual. 

When this occurs, the treatment team must ensure 

that they perform a thorough physical examination, develop an expansive 

differential diagnosis, and 

remain open to all suggestions. They must accomplish such an assessment 

in an expeditious manner. 

The following case study 

illustrates such a situation. 

The patient was a 

46-year old male, civilian 

diver who surfaced without 

issue after an uneventful 

MK20 working dive in a 

ballast tank at 1500 with a dive profile of 

23 feet for 171 minutes. He had no prior 

dives that day or the day before and reported that he was in normal health prior 

to leaving surface. Twenty minutes after 

surfacing, the patient stated his left ear 

felt “full”, and after several minutes started developing dizziness and nausea. The 

nausea quickly led to profuse intractable 

vomiting. At this point the diving supervisor contacted the duty chamber for 

evaluation of a possible diving casualty. 

The patient was transported via EMS ambulance on oxygen to the MDSU TWO 

recompression chamber. Prior to arriving 

at 1630 the patient had an IV access secured and was given aspirin. 

Upon arriving, the patient was 

met by the MDSU TWO duty chamber 

team where he was experiencing balance 

difficulties, vertigo, nausea, and vomiting. He stated that these symptoms did 

get “a little bit better” after having been 

on the oxygen in the ambulance, but his 

left ear “fullness” had now progressed 

to a slight “muffled” hearing loss on the 

same side. He denied head and sinus 

congestion, lightheadedness, headache, 

visual disturbances, tinnitus (ringing in 

the ears), ear pain, syncope (loss of consciousness), problems clearing at any 

point during the dive (including having 

to forcefully valsalva on descent), recent 

illness, chest pain, shortness of breath, 

palpitations (sensation of an abnormal 

heart beat), weakness, and distal sensory 

disturbances. He reported no significant 

medical problems with exception of sporadic low back pain which was relieved 

with an occasional Motrin. He denied 

taking any other medications or supplements.

The physical exam was significant for the following: The patient was 

hypertensive with a blood pressure of 

155/91. His left tympanic membrane was 

intact although hazy in appearance and 

with reduced mobility on valsalva when 

compared to the right. 

No fluid or hemorrhage 

was noted. Neurological examination revealed a sensorineural 

hearing loss on the left. 

The Rhomberg and tandem gait tests were both 

abnormal as the patient 

demonstrated left-sided 

unsteadiness. All other 

aspects of the physical 

exam were within normal limits.

The differential diagnosis at this 

point in the evaluation 

included: Type II Inner Ear DCS, delayed 

onset AGE, inner ear 

barotrauma (IEB), and 

s t r o k e . S t r o k e w a s 

highly unlikely due to 

the fact that the patient 

did not have medical 

history to suggest arterial disease. IEB as a diagnosis was 

thought to be unlikely because the highly 

experienced diver denied problems with 

clearing at any point in the dive. Even 

though the patient’s dive profile was well 

within no decompression limits (No D) 

as his maximum depth was only 23 fsw, 

one cannot rule out that the dive either 

caused or at least exacerbated the patient’s condition because he was in normal health before leaving surface. Since 

Type II Inner Ear DCS or delayed onset 

AGE could not be definitively ruled out, 

the decision was made to treat the patient 

Divers: ND1 Joe Jenkins (Chamber Supervisor), ND1 Brandon Holt, 

ND2 Richard Slinger, ND2 Greg Cuchens, ND3 Devon Headley, ND3 

Shaun Krall
June 2011 31

with a Treatment Table Six (TT6). 

After reaching 60 feet in the 

chamber and completing the first O2 period, the patient did not show any improvement of his symptoms. He continued feeling a “fullness” in his left ear and 

his nausea persisted to the point that he 

vomited twice in the chamber requiring 

Zofran (anti-nausea medication) to just 

get through the second O2 period (The 

MDSU TWO chamber uses BIBS requiring the dive supervisor to keep stopping O2

 treatment to allow the patient to 

vomit). The nausea improved with the 

Zofran. With still no symptomatic improvement after the second O2

 period, 

the two Dive Medical Officers (DMOs) 

on station made the call to continue 

and complete the TT6 and subsequently 

transport the patient to the local Emergency Room for further evaluation. The 

patient’s ear “fullness” and muffled hearing, vertigo, and nystagmus remained the 

same throughout the rest of the TT6. The 

neurological examination after reaching 

surface was improved in that the patient 

could walk without falling, Rhomberg 

test was normal, but the he still was experiencing vertigo. He was immediately 

transported via EMS to the local ER after 

the post-treatment neurological examination to rule out a stroke and inner ear pathology.

At the hospital the patient received a full-stroke workup (to include 

an MRI/MRA) which was normal and 

was feeling better the next morning when 

he saw the Ear Nose and Throat (ENT) 

physician. The ENT physician made the 

final diagnosis of a perilymph fistula (inner ear injury). This final diagnosis was 

given despite not having any middle ear 

barotrauma or history of difficulty clearing. One day post incident, the patient’s 

symptoms had rapidly dissolved, his 

hearing was back to his normal (per audiogram), but he still had some residual 

vertigo (he was not nauseated and was 

able to eat food). After re-questioning, he 

again denied history of difficulty clearing and reiterated that he has never even 

had to hold his nose in order to clear to 

include the day of the dive or while in the 

recompression chamber.

A perilymph fistula (PLF) is an 

abnormal connection of the fluid filled 

inner ear and the air filled middle ear. 

Usually it is caused by a tear or defect in 

the thin membranes of either the oval and 

round window. Symptoms include dizziness, vertigo, imbalance, nausea, and 

vomiting. Barometric pressure changes 

that occur in the middle ear normally do 

not affect the inner ear, but when a PLF 

is present, changes in middle ear pressure 

directly affect the inner ear. This causes 

abnormal stimulation of the balance and/

or hearing structures within the inner ear. 

Head trauma is the most common cause of PLFs, usually involving a 

direct blow to the ear. Fistulas may also 

develop following rapid or profound 

changes in intracranial or atmospheric 

pressure, such as may occur with SCUBA diving, from straining, or even due 

to pressure changes while diving into a 

swimming pool. They can also result 

from just straining resulting in changes 

in inner ear pressure.

PLF can be diagnosed with a fistula 

test, which entails the recording of eye 

movements while pressurizing each ear 

canal with a rubber bulb. It is done by 

a skilled ENT physician and not at the 

dive side. The ENT physician may only 

see a very slight nystagmus in a positive 

test. PLFs are unlikely to be seen on an 

MRI/MRA because of their small size. 

Of note, the MRI/MRA of the above described patient did not show evidence 

of a PLF, even after retrospective radiologist review. In many cases, a PLF 

will heal itself if activity is restricted for 

a one week to allow the fistula to spontaneously close. Thankfully, that was the 

outcome in this case.

The most important lesson 

learned for everyone involved in the 

treatment was to be open to the thoughts 

of others. Treating a diving casualty 

with recompression therapy is a team 

effort. When a fellow diver is injured 

and requires our help we must not be so 

overconfident that we fail to listen to another’s opinion and insight. We are not 

mindless computers, therefore we should 

look at every treatment case from a humanistic standpoint rather than as a concrete algorithm. 

Another lesson is that we must 

always rule out our differential diagnoses 

in the order from most to least detrimental while erring on the side of conservatism. The three most dangerous diagnoses were stroke, Delayed Onset AGE, 

and Type II Inner Ear DCS. Stroke was 

highly unlikely considering the patient’s 

symptomatology and lack of positive 

risk factors; therefore, the treatment team 

erred on the side of conservatism and 

initiated a TT6. A myringotomy kit was 

taken into the chamber at the start of the 

treatment, for hyperbaric recompression 

usually worsens PLF symptoms. 

We would like to thank that entire MDSU TWO Recompression Chamber Guard Team. Master Divers, NDCM 

Mariano and NDCS Jones were invaluable assets with respect to their experience and as subject matter experts. Additionally, HMC Waldorf (IDC/DMT) 

and HM2 Kilgore (DMT) provided superb corpsman support as inside tender 

medical providers. Finally, all the MDSU 

TWO Navy Divers that provided support 

as recompression chamber supervisor 

(ND1 Jenkins) and operators performed 

their duties with the utmost competency 

and professionalism. Without this team 

effort, this emergent diving incident 

would not have transpired so expeditiously and successfully.

LT Richard Goodrich is Underwater Construction Team One’s Dive Medical Officer. CDR Illy Dominitz is Mobile Diving 

Salvage Unit TWO’s Dive Medical Officer. 
32 June 2011

On 17 January 2011, the Dive 

Locker of Japan DET Sasebo, 

SRF-JRMC Yokosuka, began the grueling process of replacing 6 O-rings within 

the hub to blade palm connection point 

on all 10 CPP blades of the USS HARPERS FERRY (LSD 49). Despite little to 

no experience in removing blades from 

an LSD Class ship, the Dive Locker was 

up for the challenge. The 10 blade O-ring 

replacement was necessary because the 

ship noticed an oil sheen coming from 

the aft end while moored. On the day of 

notification, SRF Divers tagged out the 

ship to conduct an inspection of the running gear to determine where the oil was 

coming from. The inspection revealed 

hydraulic fluid leaking around the blade 

palm of 2 blades on the starboard side 

and 1 blade on the port side. MDV Anthony Pierick coordinated with NAVSEA 

OOC5 to provide the LSD class blade 

O-ring replacement kit and prepared a 

time line for the repair on station. Based 

on the overall inspection and life expectance, NAVSEA OOC5 determined that 

all 10 CPP blades needed to be removed, 

new O-rings installed, and the blades reinstalled IAW UWSH Manual Chapter 

12, Controllable Pitch Propellers. 

An O-ring change out can be an 

arduous task under the best of circumstances. Sasebo Dive Locker is manned 

by 10 Divers and 1 DMT. After 3 days 

using MK-21 and Hot Water suits, working bottom times of 12 to 16 hours a day 

in 38 degree water with air temperatures 

well below freezing, divers were starting 

to get burned out. More days and more 

divers were going to be needed for the 

job. After a phone call to Yokosuka Dive 

Locker, NDCM (MDV) Mike Miller flew 

additional Japanese and American Divers 

to augment the side (In all, 10 different 

divers from Yokosuka supported Sasebo 

during this 50 day period).

To start this job, divers had to secure 

any possible means of oil seeping into 

the ocean while conducting repairs. The 

CPP system with all associated hydraulics systems was danger tagged and the 

CPP blades were set in the zero pitch position to facilitate removal of the blades 

from the hub. The hub was then rotated 

to place the 5E blade (starboard side) at 

the 12 o’clock position. Divers then started removing two thread savers per blade 

for the installation of the head clamp fixture used to remove the blades. The next 

step was to untorque and remove the 8 

bolts holding the 5E blade onto the hub. 

Divers then rigged the lifting fixture in 

place using the overhead lifting tunnels. 

The blade had to be lifted and then yard 

and stayed to the aft lifting tunnel so the 

empty blade position could be rotated to 

the 6 o’clock position to facilitate overhaul. This step is necessary to avoid contaminating the system with saltwater or 

draining the 107 gallons of oil in the hub. 

The lifting tunnel to hang a chain fall directly over the blade was not positioned 

directly overhead, so extra chain falls 

were added. In total there were chain 

falls in the forward, middle, and aft tunnels. These tunnels being out of the anticipated position made lifting the blade 

very difficult when only having two 

thousands of an inch clearance between 

the dowel pins and the blade palm. Once 

the blade port had been rotated down to 

the 6 o’clock position divers were then 

able to lower the 64-lb port cover, take 20 

micrometer measurements, and lower the 

blade seal base ring (BSBR). The BSBR, 

once removed, was brought topside for 

inspection and removal of calcium build 

up. After being cleaned up and inspected, it was sent back to the divers for reinstallation. Initially this reinstallation was 

exceptionally challenging. However, an 

ingenious diver came up with an installation BSBR supporting tool to facilitate 

installing the Blade Seal Base Ring. This 

new tool (the Pierick Cross) saved hours 

on installation. Next divers replaced the 

O-rings, 15 springs, and with the 20 internal measurements determined if we 

needed a replacement shim. All of this 

was done prior to running up the 64-lb. 

port cover hanging on all thread and wing 

nuts. Once the blade port cover was run 

up, divers had the ship rotate the open 

hub position to the 12 o’clock location. 

Divers yard and stayed the blade back 

onto the port cover. These blades weigh a 

little over 2,300 lbs and the lifting fixture 

weighs about 300 lbs fully assembled. 

On the port side of the USS HARPERS FERRY, the anti-rotational pins kept 

falling out when the port cover was taken 

apart in the six o’clock position. These 

anti-rotational pins are supposed to be 

machined to a tolerance that doesn’t allow 

for them to drop out without assistance. 

New pins needed to be made on site so 

that they could be re-inserted and not fall 

out. The time for manufacturing caused 

1A blade to be taken off twice. In order to 

keep making progress while the pins were 

being manufactured, the blade was temporarily re-installed and the hub rotated 

to the next blade. In the end, this situation 
June 2011 33

caused the locker to have to rework 1A 

making this job an 11 blade seal change. 

In all, eighteen straight days of diving were used to complete the repairs to 

HARPERS FERRY. In the process we 

overcame a steep learning curve, adverse 

weather conditions, shortage of personnel, and anti-rotational pins inappropriately dropping out. 

Eleven days later after completing 

the HARPERS FERRY job, divers were 

conducting a Visual Technical Inspection 

(VTI) on the USS TORTUGA (LSD 46) 

when they discovered oil leaking from 4 

blades requiring the same repairs that had 

just been completed on the HARPERS 

FERRY. This time the Dive Locker also 

had to remove the 230-lb hub cone cover 

because oil was seeping out between the 

hub and hub cone. The repair plan for this 

was to remove the cone cover and tighten 

the bolts that hold the hub main body 

to the hub cone. A total of 20 hub cone 

cover cap screws were tack welded on 

and needed the welds ground off prior to 

removal. Half of the screws holding the 

hub cone cover on had to be either drilled 

through or the heads ground off in order 

to be removed with an easy out. Five days 

were needed to remove the cover and 

torque the 25 bolts underneath the hub 

cone to 1,110 ft-lbs. In dry dock this cone 

cover is normally removed with heat and 

pullers. Being in the freezing cold water SRF Divers again had to design tools 

to aid the removal of the cover. In true 

Deep Sea fashion this part of the tasking 

was accomplished in less than 5 days! 

The next obstacle to conquer was the 

removal of 20 1-inch over staked thread 

savers located in the blade palms to enable the installation of the head clamp 

lifting fixture on the blades. Divers tried 

hand tools, pneumatic tools, grinding off 

the top thread, drilling, easy outs and reverse threaded bolts. Nothing worked! 

Tools kept breaking and the thread savers 

didn’t budge. To lift the blades off the hub 

the divers had to develop a lifting fixture 

that didn’t need to use the filled thread 

saver holes. The divers designed a lifting 

fixture that allowed them to lift the blades 

without the use of the 300-lb head clamp. 

During a 50 day span SRF-JRMC 

Yokosuka, Japan DET Sasebo Dive 

Locker removed and reinstalled 21 

blades, 168 blade bolts, installed 126 

O-rings, 378 springs, removed one 230-

lb hub cone cover, tighten 25 hub cone 

bolts, designed the Pierick Cross, improved the BSBR ring removal process 

with hex head jacking stubs, and created 

a lifting sling. These dives resulted in 

over 30 days of bottom time (743 hours). 

These actions saved the Navy from putting two ships into dry dock and disrupting the planned dry docking maintenance 

schedules. This saved PACFLT well over 

$750,000 in dry dock expenses.

USS TORTUGA was scheduled to 

be completed by March 14th. The Dive 

Locker completed the work 4 days early. 

Within 48 hours after divers completed 

repairs on TORTUGA, orders were issued for her to get underway. TORTUGA was underway within 6 hours after 

the deadly earthquake and tsunami that 

struck Northern Japan. TORTUGA provided humanitarian relief for the stricken 

area. Without the Dive Locker’s ingenuity and ability to “think out of the box”, 

TORTUGA would not have been able to 

provide support to the Japanese victims 

of the earthquake and resulting tsunami. 

These jobs were planned and coordinated by NDC (MDV) Anthony Pierick. Supervised by NDC Timothy Canup, 

ND1 Ryan Steinkamp, ND1 Brandon 

Persinger and ND1 Devin Wilhelms. 

Technical oversight from Scott Heineman and LCDR John Bauer. ESSM 

Mechanical assistance was provided by 

Matthew Mayes. The following dive 

“TEAM MEMBERS” were essential in 

completing this arduous task: ND1 Andrew Strause, HM1 Charles Geiger, ND2 

Mark Larribas, ND2 Michael Laux, ND2 

Richard Maness, HM2 Matthew Schneider, ND2 Kristoph Carey. Yokosuka 

Divers - NDCM (MDV) Mike Miller, 

ND2 Zachary Hanson, ND3 Shawn 

Bourguet, Japanese MLC Divers, Mr. 

Masaru Suzuki, Mr. Chihiro Yamazaki, 

Mr. Norio Shimizu, Mr. Souichirou Yoshizaki, Mr. Hitoshi Tashiro, Mr. Norihisa Nishimura, Mr. Shuhei Komatsu. 

Photo captions left to right: ND1 Persinger ensures the blade is clear to the 

surface as the crane takes up on one of 

the Port Blades on USS TORTUGA; Using a Hot Water suit, steam surrounds 

ND1 Strause as he waits for Supervisor Checks, on USS HARPERS FERRY; 

Sasebo Divers using the Righting Fixture; 

USS TORTUGA port propeller blade 1 

damage; SRF-JRMC Sasebo Dive Locker.

NDC Timothy Canup is the Leading 

Chief Petty Officer (LCPO) SRF-JRMC 

Det Sasebo.
34 June 2011

I

t is time for this old Copper Hat to decompress from Navy life. But, as with all old Master Divers who are long in the tooth, I 

can’t leave without saying more than a simple good-bye. I’ve thoroughly enjoyed my time as a Navy Diver and it has gone by 

way too fast. Primarily I will miss the camaraderie of the good Sailors I’ve had the pleasure of serving with, but I suspect I will also 

miss those late nights changing out ASW or TDU flanges with a bunch of slap happy divers and submariners. First enlisting in1974, 

it seems like yesterday when I was a 130 lb kid wearing a 290 lb MK-5 gas rig, or diving Jack Browne with an O2 hose married to 

21 thread (glad that topside couldn’t talk to me while working), excited to dive the new 

KMB-8 when it came out, breathing air from the shipyard’s pier or a salvage air compressor 

filtered through a Lufer sponge filter, or using the system that the divers built with piping 

cumshawed from various tender shops with a can of Navy issued coffee or some captured 

sea life. I can still feel the bite of the double 90 straps and remember the double hose 

regulator that required the diver to “suck” on descent but free flowed on ascent. I enjoyed 

the simplicity of the UDT and MK-III life jackets and the “Shrink to fit” UDT shorts and 

Coral Booties that only divers wore. Weaned on Volley Brawl (Jungle Rules) and singing 

songs about “Black Shoes” while running down Navy piers, I was able to ply my trade at a 

time when there were close to 50 ships with divers attached, when “Diver” was the harshest curse word an Officer could utter, when my first name wasn’t Dan but Damn (Divers), 

when the Diving sup built his own patch and developed the FWP in his head as he went, 

and when “Join the Navy and see the world” meant exactly that. 

I’ve seen the best and worst of Sailors, both inside the dive locker and out. I’ve served 

with the self absorbed, druggies, and the seditious. Conversely, I’ve proudly served with 

the heroes, the selfless who put dive locker, mission and others ahead of self, liberty and 

career. I’ve proudly served with a special culture of men who bleed blue and gold, whose 

only “Race” is “Diver”. This has always been one of our strongest assets. 

As I depart I’d like to repeat some great intel passed down from my predecessors. I’m sure you’ve already heard it, but it is worth 

repeating. The Bible says “Steel sharpens steel”, so I offer this to keep us sharp. First to the Navy’s greatest diving leaders NDCM/

NDCS/NDC, and ultimately to those who will follow in their footsteps. These norms not only made Dive Lockers strong, but all 

“Shops”. 

The Master Diver/Chief runs the locker. No one, not a Chief from another division nor any officer would dare to get between the 

Master Diver or Chief and his Divers. The Chief knows considerably more about his shop and divers than ANYONE. He handles 

problems at his level and briefs the chain if/when it is above his level.

The Chiefs run the ship. They decide what needs to be done in their respective areas and drive the requirements up and down the 

chain. The Chief is the proactive one. The officers depend on his foresight and experience to tell them what needs to be done and 

when. 

Chiefs work with and build up other Chiefs throughout the command. They have the back of all other Chiefs. Chiefs are the conduit for accomplishing the mission through other shops. 

Ultimately, I believe the best pass down I can promote to MDVs and Chiefs...the leaders of Navy Diving... is as follows. “PRINT 

YOUR JOB REQUIREMENTS (LISTED IN BUPERS NEC MANUAL) AND POST THEM ON THE WALL WHERE THEY 

CAN BE READ DAILY. DRIVE EACH AND EVERY ONE OF THOSE RESPONSIBILITIES/DUTIES FROM THE MDV’S 

CHAIR. DON’T ALLOW ANYONE TO DO THEM FOR YOU OR INSTEAD OF YOU, EVEN WHEN YOU DELEGATE OTHERS TO WORK THEM FOR YOU. YOU ARE DEFINED BY THE NAVY AS THE MILITARY’S MOST EXPERIENCED, BEST 

TRAINED, AND HIGHEST QUALIFIED DIVER. IF YOU ALLOW SOMEONE ELSE TO TAKE YOUR RESPONSIBILITY 

THEN YOU ARE GIVING YOUR COMMAND, YOUR DIVERS, YOUR LOCKER, AND YOUR NAVY SECOND BEST”

I will always remember the great Divers, the great Sailors that shared my love for Navy Diving, for the Mission, for the Locker...

the selfless ones. For those of you who took the time to challenge me personally I hold your faithfulness as especially valuable. You 

have made me stronger and I hope I have done the same for you. I have spent more time with many of you than my natural family and 

it has been worth it. I am thrilled whenever I read of your successes and I look forward to seeing more. Good luck, and God bless (as 

you do what is right). 

Continue to “Leave the locker in better condition than when you took it” and remember, “Don’t go past the bottom, and don’t 

breathe more air than you have in your tanks”.

HOOYAH DEEP SEA!

NDCM(DSW/SW/MDV)

D.R. Briggs, USN, Retired
June 2011 35

By: ND1(DSW/SS) Wayne Shearer and ND2(DSW/SS/SW) Kristoffer Ilagan

For as long as most of us have been in the Diving Navy, we 

have had to conform to the “No D” Tables and the Air/O2

 Decompression tables to plan for the jobs 

at hand. Recently, the divers 

at Naval Experimental Diving 

Unit (NEDU) and the divers at 

Southwest Regional Maintenance Center (SWRMC) have 

been testing new dive technology that has maximized waterborne production and kept the 

safety aspects of proven Navy 

Diving Decompression tables. 

The basic concept behind the 

Topside Decompression Monitor (TDM) and Navy Dive Planner (NDP) is the ability to continuously track a diver’s depth 

and bottom time and provide a ‘real time’ 

RNT utilizing the VVAL-18 Algorithm. 

In May 2010, personnel from NEDU 

traveled to San Diego in order to initiate 

the testing process with SWRMC Alpha 

Dive team. The level of knowledge and 

training given by NDC David Martin, 

ND1 Ryan Pollard, ND1 Chad Starek, 

and Technical Engineer Keith Gault of 

NEDU was instrumental in implementing the TDM and NDP with SWRMC Alpha dive team’s daily diving operations 

on nuclear powered carriers of the Pacific 

Fleet.

In September 2010, the divers at 

SWRMC (CODE 360A) were granted 

continued permission, under an OPNAV 

waiver, for further testing of the TDM and 

NDP. The waiver gave SWRMC Divers 

the ability to utilize TDM and NDP assets 

as the primary and secondary means of 

tracking dive profiles. Previously, during 

Underwater Ship Husbandry (UWSH) 

repair conducted at Naval Air Station 

North Island (NASNI), SWRMC Divers needed to swap out divers frequently 

due the draft of the Aircraft Carrier hulls 

and the UWSH repair work conducted at 

these drafts. A typical table and schedule 

used would be 50/92 No Decompression 

dive. With the use of the TDM, diver bottom time is greatly enhanced allowing 

divers to perform essential maintenance 

in a timely manner, allowing 

the COMPACFLT carriers to 

meet their operational commitments on schedule. The last two 

shaft re-lamination repairs on 

the USS CARL VINSON (CVN 

70) and USS RONALD REAGAN (CVN 76) were completed 

within the time allowed. Utilizing the TDM, SWRMC Divers 

were able to add a total of 1,721 

MINUTES to the traditional U.S. Navy 

Diving Manual No Decompression Table 

during these critical repairs. This allowed 

divers to remain at working depth longer 

in order to complete the repair task well 

within the time allotted for safe dive decompression.

SWRMC diving supervisors responsible for this testing protocol were ND1 

Ronald Naperala and ND1 Kenneth McCollum. The traditional way of supervising dives during the in-water phase of 

ship’s husbandry was tested daily with 

the new TDM. In case of total failure of 

the system (both the TDM and NDP), supervisors were to revert back to the U.S. 

Navy Dive Manual for proper decompression tables and schedules traditionally utilized. Many dives conducted as No 

Decompression dives in accordance with 

the TDM would have easily been exceptional exposure dives in accordance with 

current dive manual procedures.

Further testing and implementation will ensure the continued Fleet 

use of the TDM and NDP. The feedback that the TDM has attained during 

the evaluation phase at SWRMC Code 

360 Dive Division is being addressed 

by the Technical Engineers at NEDU. 

Other than minor glitches, the TDM 

and the NDP have been a valuable 

asset for SWRMC Dive Supervisors 

and divers. The ten minutes it takes 

to set up the TDM is well worth the 

hours of decompression it saves. With 

the increased bottom times, not only has 

waterborne production been improved, 

On-The-Job training has been enhanced 

as well. Divers at SWRMC were pleased 

with the fact that more production, extensive training, and maximum bottom 

time were attainable with the help of the 

new TDM and NDP. The implementation 

of the new TDM and NDP in the Navy 

Diving community will enhance Navy 

“DEEP SEA” dive operations for years 

to come.

ND1 (DSW/SS) Wayne Shearer is currently 

assigned to Alpha Dive Team at Southwest 

Region Maintenance Center (SWMRC) San 

Diego, CA. ND2(DSW/SW/SS) KRISTOFFER RYAN ILAGAN is attached to Southwest Region Maintenance Center (SWMRC) San Diego, CA.
36 October 2010

Sailor of the Year

The Joseph A. McAlinden Divers Scholarship is offered specifically to Navy and Marine Corps Divers, 

whether active duty or retired, and their eligible family members. This scholarship provides financial assistance for full-time undergraduate and graduate students, who must be participating in one of the following 

areas of study: Oceanography, Ocean Agriculture, or Aquaculture. The McAlinden Scholarship also assists 

with Department of the Navy approved advanced diver training, qualifications and certifications.

The Scholarship is need-based and ranges from $500 up to $3,000 per academic year, for the eligible students education. 

There is no deadline for this Program, you may apply at any time.

http://nmcrs.org/education.html

If you have questions, contact the Society’s Education Division at (703) 696-4960 or by email to education@nmcrs.org

WASHINGTON — Navy Diver 1st Class (DSW/

SS) Fredrick B. Robinson and Electronics Technician 1st 

Class (SW) Sabrina L. Duffield Navy Reserve, were selected as Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) 2010 

Sailors of the Year (SOY). 

The honor of being selected NAVSEA Sailor of the 

Year demonstrates the ability to lead and inspire a group 

of people and to improve and expand the capabilities of 

their respective field activities while supporting the command’s mission of developing, delivering, and maintaining ships systems on time, on cost for the U.S. Navy. 

 “As NAVSEA continues to build, deliver and maintain the world’s most cutting-edge and highly-capable 

ships, we look to dedicated individuals like you to get 

things done,” said NAVSEA Commander Vice Adm. Kevin McCoy. “All of NAVSEA’s sailor of the year candidates 

exemplify the Navy core values and embody the institutional and technical expertise, professionalism, and character that 

make this command successful.” 

Robinson, NAVSEA’s active duty SOY, is currently stationed at Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Keyport. Robinson 

graduated from First Class Dive School in July 2010.

Duffield served eleven years on active duty before leaving in 2003. She returned the Navy as a reservist in 2007, and is 

currently stationed at NAVSEA SURGEMAIN Albuquerque. 

Robinson will represent NAVSEA at the Vice Chief of Naval Operations’ Shore Sailor of the Year competition. Duffield 

will continue on to represent NAVSEA Reserve Component at the Office of the Chief of Navy Reserve SOY competition. 

NAVSEA’s other SOY candidates were Electronics Technician (ET) 1st Class (SW/AW) Shredreka S. Cooper, Norfolk 

Naval Shipyard; ET1 (SS) John J. Garcia, Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility Pearl Harbor; Engineman 1st Class Howell Jordan, NAVSEA SURGEMAIN, New York City; Electricians Mate 1st Class (SW) Frederick A. 

Hasting, Navy Operational Support Center Columbus; Mass Communications Specialist 1st Class (EXW/AW) William 

H. Townsend, Naval Explosive Ordinance Disposal Technology Division; and Missile Technician 1st Class (SS) Sean C. 

Bauch, NAVSEA Systems Command.

Navy Diver 1st Class (DSW/SS) Fredrick B. Robinson 

Named NAVSEA’s Sailor of the Year

Joseph A. McAlinden Divers Scholarship