U.S. Geological Survey Library Classification

System

By R. Scott Sasscer

U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2010 _______________________________________________________

This revised and expanded classification system is a tool

for classifying and retrieving geoscience library materials.

The index promotes quick access to the classification tables.

This bulletin is a revision of the original edition, which was

first printed in 1992
U.S. Department of the Interior

Bruce Babbitt, Secretary

U.S. Geological Survey

Charles G. Groat, Director

Revised June 2000.

Published in the Eastern Region, Reston, Va.

Manuscript approved for publication on June 8, 2000

Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and

does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

This revision is being released online only. It is available on the World Wide Web at:

http://pubs.usgs.gov/bulletin/b2010/

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Geological Survey (U.S.). Library.

U.S. Geological Survey Library classification system / by R. Scott Sasscer.

p. cm. – (U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin : 2010)

1. Classification–Books–Geology. 2. Earth sciences–Bibliography–

 Methodology. 3. Classification–Books–Earth sciences 4. Geology–

 Bibliography–Methodology. I. Scott Sasscer, R., 1933– . II. Title.

 III. Series.

QE75.B9 no. 2010

[Z697.G42]

557.3 s–dc20

[025.4’655] 91-39984

CIP
CONTENTS

Abstract . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii

Subject Classification Schedule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

Geological Survey Schedule (XXX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix

Earth Science Periodical Schedule G (XXX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . x

Government Documents Schedule P (XXX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi

General Science Periodicals Schedule S (XXX) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii

Map and Non-Map Material Call Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xii

Special Format Call Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvi

Regional Library Call Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii

Shelf List Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvii

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviii

Section 1. General Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Section 2. Mineralogy and Petrology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Section 3. General, Structural, and Dynamic Geology . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Section 4. Historical Geology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Section 5. Mineral Resources, Mineral Industries, and Economic 

Geology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Section 6. Geomorphology, Physical Geography, and Physiography 22

Section 7. Paleontology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Section 8. Mathematics, Astronomy, Engineering, and Surveying . . . 28

Section 9. Physics and Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Section 10 Biology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Section 11. Geographic Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Section 12. Publications of Geological Surveys, Earth Science, 

General Science, and Government Document Serials . . . . 55

Section 13 Index to the Classification System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Section 14. Index to Geographic Names . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

ii
U.S. Geological Survey Library Classification System

by R. Scott Sasscer

Abstract

The U.S. Geological Survey Library classification system has been designed for earth science

libraries. It is a tool for assigning call numbers to earth science and allied pure science materials in

order to collect these materials into related subject groups on the library shelves and arrange them

alphabetically by author and title. The classification can be used as a retrieval system to access

materials through the subject and geographic numbers.

The classification scheme has been developed over the years since 1904 to meet the ever-changing

needs of increased specialization and the development of new areas of research in the earth

sciences. The system contains seven schedules:

• Subject schedule

• Geological survey schedule

• Earth science periodical schedule

• Government document periodical schedule

• General science periodical schedule

• Earth science map schedule

• Geographic schedule

Introduction provides detailed instructions on the construction of call numbers for works falling

into the framework of the classification schedules.

The tables following the introduction can be quickly accessed through the use of the newly

expanded subject index.

The purpose of this publication is to provide the earth science community with a classification and

retrieval system for earth science materials, to offer sufficient explanation of its structure and use,

and to enable library staff and clientele to classify or access research materials in a library

collection.

Introduction

The newly revised classification system presented in this report is designed for use in the U.S.

Geological Survey (USGS) Library and other earth science libraries.

Prior to the administration of Fred Boughton Weeks, 1903-1908, the library lacked a classification

scheme. The Dewey Decimal system for geologic material was not sufficiently developed to

accommodate the range of specialized material collected at the USGS Library, and The Library of

Congress Classification System had not yet been published. The library staff and patrons were

concerned about continued development of the collection without an acceptable classification

scheme.

Mr. Weeks and bibliographer John M. Nickles of the library staff, with the assistance of three

consultants from the New York Public Library, developed the USGS classification system designed

specifically for an earth science library. 

iii
Seven schedules were created: 

1. General subject collection

--consists of disciplines in the earth sciences, such as geology, petrology, mineralogy,

paleontology, and biology. The pure sciences are included insofar as they augment the

earth sciences, for example, physics, chemistry engineering, mathematics, and computer

sciences. The schedule allows for integration of general works throughout.

2. Geological survey collection 

--contains the monographs, periodicals, and monographic series issued by the geological

surveys of the world. The notation for this schedule consists of numbers enclosed by

parenthesis, (XXX).

3. Earth science periodical collection

–contains publications issued by earth science societies, associations, and earth science

departments of universities. The notation for this schedule is identified by a uppercase G

and a geographic number, G(XXX).

4. Government documents collection 

–contains periodicals and monographic series issued by federal, state, provincial and local

governments throughout the world. The notation for this schedule is identified by an

uppercase P and a geographic number, P(XXX).

5. General science periodical collection

–contains science periodicals issued by societies, associations, and universities throughout

the world. The notation for this collection is identified by an uppercase S and a geographic

number, S(XXX).

6. Earth science map collection

–contains earth science maps issued by all the sources listed above. The notation of the

map collection consists of an uppercase M followed by a geographic number and a subject

number, M(XXX)X. 

7. Geographic schedule

-consists of numbers enclosed in parentheses that can be combined with notation from the

other schedules. The geographic number is highly visible throughout the classification

system and thus immediately recognizable when scanning the system for a particular locale.

For example, the number 203 represents the subject geology. When the geographic number

for the United States, (200), is added to the number 203, i.e., 203(200), the resulting number

represents a study on the geology of the United States. Using a similar methodology,

studies on earthquakes in California would be 240(276), and mineral resources of Russia

403(570).

Subject Classification Schedule

The subject schedule has three main divisions: general works, earth sciences, and pure sciences. 

The collection consists chiefly of monographs but includes those periodicals that are narrow in

scope, international in scope, or those issued by an international agency.

iv
A. General Outline of the Subject Classification Schedule

General works:

001-095: Science, computer science, information systems, bibliographies, directories,

dictionaries, and biographies.

Earth sciences:

101-190: Mineralogy and petrology

201-298: General geology, geologic hazards, tectonics, geodynamics, structural

geology, geophysics, and geochemistry.

301-371: Historical and stratigraphic geology.

401-471: Mineral resources, mineral industries, mines and mining, and groups of

minerals.

501-590: Geography, geomorphology, meteorology, landforms, oceanography, and

environmental sciences.

601-699: Paleontology, paleoecology paleogeography.

Pure sciences:

701-795: Mathematics, astronomy, engineering, geodesy, surveying, cartography, and

hydrology.

801-895: Physics and chemistry.

901-999: Biology, ecology, evolution, botany, agriculture, forestry, and zoology.

B. Constructing Call Numbers

Call numbers consist of a classification number, shelf list number, title mark and date. 

(1) Classification number

The classification number consists of numbers 001-999 taken from the subject schedule (see 

Sections 1-10).

(2) Geographic notation

To add a region to a call number, consult the geographic schedule and choose the appropriate

parenthetical number, (000)-(995), for the geographic locale represented in the study (see Section

11).

EXAMPLE

Title: China’s energy and mineral industries / by J.P. Dorian, 1988.

Class no.: 403

Geographic no.: (610)

Complete class no.: 403(610)

v
(3) Shelf list number

The shelf list number contains information about the main entry of the piece being classified and

also provides the work with its singular location on the shelves or in the library online system. The

first part of the number consists of an upper case letter and usually a three digit number

representing either an author or a title main entry. The number for an author main entry is unique

for each author. The shelf list number for an author main entry is completed by lower case letter

representing the title of a work and is called a title mark. The title mark allows the various works of

an author to be arranged in alphabetical order after the unique three digit number. 

The shelf list number for a title main entry is usually complete with an uppercase letter and a three

digit number. If the shelf list number duplicates another number, add a title mark to make it unique.

Titles beginning with numbers are treated as words when creating shelf list numbers. If the title

consists of one word, construct the shelf list number from successive letters within that word.

To complete the call number for the example given above, a shelf list number is needed. As

previously explained, the shelf list number has three elements.

The first element, an uppercase letter, is taken from the first letter of the first word of the main entry.

The second element, a three digit number, is taken from Library of Congress shelf listing tables (see

below). The final element is the title mark taken from the title, or in case of a title main entry, from

the next distinctive word in the title.

EXAMPLES

Call number with author main entry and no region:

Title: Multivariate geostatistics / H. Wackernagel, 1995.

Class no.: 208.2

Shelf list no.: W323

Title mark: m

Date: 1995

Call number: 208.2 W323m 1995

Call number with author main entry and a region:

Title: Expert witness guide for scientists and engineers / A.E. Surosky, 1993

Class no.: 760

Region: (200)

Shelf list no.: S976

Title mark: e

Date: 1993

Call number: 760(200) S976e 1993

Call number with title main entry and a region:

Title: China’s energy and mineral industries / edited by J.P. Dorian, 1989.

Class no.: 403

Region: (610)

vi
Shelf list no.: C442

Date: 1989

Call number: 403(610) C442 1989

(4) Dates in call numbers

Current classification policy has a date added to the end of monographic call numbers. In previous

years a date was used only for successive editions. The date is usually taken from the imprint. Call

numbers for congresses, however, use the date of the congress rather than the year of publication.

EXAMPLE

Monograph with date:

Title: Estimation of building vulnerability ... / G.C. Hart, 1988.

Class no.: 240.2

Shelf list no.: H377e

Date: 1988

Congress with date:

Title: Mineral resources of Russia : diamonds and gold : proceedings of the

Second International Symposium “Mineral Resources of Russia” : held

1994, St. Petersburg (published 1995)

Class no.: 401(570)

Shelf list no.: I573m

Date: 1994

Multi volume sets that are published with different edition dates for various volumes are classified

without a date.

Call numbers that would duplicate an earlier edition that was published in the same year are made

unique by adding a, b, c, etc., to the date for successive versions.

(5) Size in call numbers

Due to restricted space at the Reston Library, publications are grouped according to size.

The sizes are:

Octavo up to 28 cm.

Oversize (quarto) 28.1 to 33 cm. 

Folio 33.1 to 46 cm. 

Superfolio 46.1 up

Prior to July 1999, oversize materials were designated by the addition of a lower case letter in front

of the shelf list number: q (oversize), f (folio) or ff (superfolio). These designations are no longer

used. Instead, shelf location is indicated using a size designation label above the call number. 

vii
EXAMPLES

Octavo call number: 

203(200) H223g 1997

Oversize (quarto) call number:

OVERSIZE

303(620) J462h 1998

Folio call number:

FOLIO

403(276) C344g 1933

Superfolio call number:

SUPERFOLIO

508(600) A742 1984 

(6) Translations

Translations are classified according to their origin:

1. Translations by publishing houses

Translations by publishing houses are given the call number of the original with a capital letter

representing the language of the translation added to the end of the title mark.

If the bibliographic information of the original is unknown the call number is based on the

bibliographic information of the translation. A capital letter is added to the end of the title mark for

the language of the translation. 

EXAMPLE

Original: Wirbellose Tiere der Vorzeit / U. Lehmann.

Call number: 610 L528w 

Translation: Fossil invertebrates / U. Lehmann.

Call number: 610 L528wE

2. Translations by USGS translators or translation services

These translations are not classified or cataloged. Instead, they are kept in folders in the library’s

Translation file.

(7) Restricted material

All reports with the note: “for administrative use only,” “for official use only,” or similar notes

are treated as restricted materials and designated by a “RESTRICTED” label above the call number.

viii
Prior to July 1999, restricted materials were designated with a * (star) in front of the classification

number.

EXAMPLE

Title: Mineral summaries

Note: “for official use only”

RESTRICTED

Call no.: 403(271) M562 1990

Geological Survey Schedule (XXX)

The geological survey schedule contains monographs, periodicals and monographic series issued

by the geological surveys of the world. These works are classified according to the location of the

geological survey issuing the publication and therefore the classification number consists of the

geographic number for that region (see Section 11). 

A. Constructing Call Numbers for Monographs

Call numbers for monographs in the geological survey schedule consist of a geographic number, a

shelf list number, and a date.

EXAMPLE

(1) Author main entry

Title: Ground-water resources of the Surman area ... / by William Ogilbee.

Class no.: (200) for USGS

Shelf list no.: O344 for author

Title mark: g for title

Issuing date: 1989 imprint date

Call no. (200) O344g 1989

(2) Title main entry

Title: Characterization of organic contaminants and environmental samples

associated with Mount St. Helens / by W.E. Pereira ... [et al.].

Class no.: (200) for USGS

Shelf list no.: C472 for title

Issuing date: 1980 for imprint

Call no. (200) C472 1980

B. Constructing Call Numbers for Periodicals and Monographic Series

Current practice uses the title main entry as the basis for the shelf list number. An exception to the

current practice are serials issued by the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division.

ix
EXAMPLES

(1) Series: Water-resources investigation reports.

(200) for USGS

WR for Water Resources Division

 i Title mark

Call no. (200) WRi

(2) Series: Hawaii District activities.

(200) for USGS

WR3 for Water Resources Division

 hd Title mark

Call no.: (200) WR3hd

Earth Science Periodical Schedule G(XXX)

This schedule includes periodicals and monographic series issued by geologic societies,

associations, organizations, and geology departments of universities, and publishers’ series on

economic geology, geodynamics, geology, historical geology, mineralogy, paleontology, petrology,

physical geology, and structural geology.

Periodicals and monographic series on paleontology and natural history issued by university

paleontological departments and laboratories, local government departments of paleontology, or

museums of natural history are classified in 602 followed by a geographic number (see Section 7).

Constructing Call Numbers

1. The classification number is composed of an uppercase “G” and a geographic number. The

geographic number usually esents the place of publication. There are two exceptions:

(a) Publications that report research in one region exclusively, but are published elsewhere, are

given the geographic number for the research area.

(b) Periodicals of national associations and societies are usually given the geographic number for

the country in which they are located, rather than the local region in which they are issued.

EXAMPLE

American Association of Petroleum Geologists

Class no.: G(200) for United States

Not: G(244) for Tulsa, OK

2. Shelf list number and title mark

Shelf list numbers are based on the name of the issuing agency. The title mark is based on the

series title.

x
EXAMPLE

Title: Annual meeting and field trip guidebook / National Association of Geology Teachers.

Class no.: G(200)

Shelf list no.: N376

Title mark: aft

Call number: G(200) N376aft

Publishers’ series are the exception. Shelf list numbers are based on the title main entry.

Government Documents Schedule P(XXX)

This schedule contains periodicals and monographic series issued by federal, state, provincial, and

local governments. In the past, monographs were also classed here. The current policy is to class

monographic government documents in the subject schedule

(see Sections 1-9).

EXCEPTIONS

 (1) Monographic and serial publications of geological surveys are classified in the geological

survey schedule (see Section 12.1).

(2) Publications of all mining and mineral resources bureaus are classified in the subject schedule

under the classification number 402 (see Section 5).

Constructing Call Numbers

The classification number is composed of an uppercase “P” and a geographic number. The

geographic number represents the country, state or province in which the issuing government

agency is located.

The shelf list number is constructed from the name of the government agency issuing the work. 

Title marks are from the title of the publication. 

EXAMPLE

Title: Report to the Governor and the General Assembly / by Georgia Nuclear

Advisory Commission. 

Class no.: P(233) for Georgia

Shelf list no.: N466 for Nuclear Advisory Commission

Title mark: r for report 

Call number: P(233) N466r

General Science Periodicals Schedule S(XXX) 

This schedule contains periodicals issued by universities, societies, associations, and publishers’

series on the following topics: archaeology, astronomy, biology, chemistry, computer science,

xi
earthquakes, engineering, geography, geomorphology, geophysics, geothermal resources, geysers,

glaciology, hydrology, mathematics, metals, mineral industries, mineral resources, mines and

mining, natural resources, oceanography, ore deposits, petroleum, physics, pollution, precious

stones, sedimentation, seismology, and volcanoes.

Classifications numbers are constructed with an uppercase “S” and a geographic number

representing the place of publication. The same exceptions found in the earth science schedule also

apply to this schedule.

Shelf list numbers consist of an uppercase letter representing the issuing body, a three digit number,

and a title mark. Shelf list numbers for publishers’ series are based on the title main entry.

EXAMPLE

Title: Ohio Journal of Science / by the Ohio Academy of Science.

Class no.: S(251)

Shelf list no.: O346

Title mark: o

Call number: S(251) O346o

Map and Non-Map Material Call Numbers

A. Constructing Monographic Map Call Numbers

(1) Classification numbers

Map classification numbers are composed of three elements: the capital letter "M," a geographic

number, and a truncated subject number if needed (for an explanation of truncated subject numbers

see 037, computer simulation, section 1).

(2) Shelf list numbers

The three digit number in the map shelf list is constructed from C.A. Cutter's author's tables

(Bloombert and Evans, 1981).

 

Shelf list numbers for a monograph are constructed with two or three elements:

(a) Shelf list numbers with three elements

A three element shelf list number is composed of a capital letter representing a subregion,

quadrangle, valley, basin, or area; a three digit number taken from the Cutter tables; and a work letter

representing the main entry. Later editions of the same map will have a date on the third line of the

call number.

EXAMPLE

M(950)49

M for map

(950) for Hawaii

49 for subject: underground water

(490 abbreviated to 49)

xii
Shelf list number:

P316s

P for subregion: Pearl Harbor 

 316 from Cutter table

 s for author: Soroos

Call number: M(950)49 P316s

(b) Shelf list numbers with two elements

When the contents of a map represents an entire region, the shelf list number is composed of the

imprint date and a work letter representing the main entry. If the item was published over several

years only the initial publication year is used.

EXAMPLE

Title: Bathymetric map of Fiji (with shallow seismicity), by I.B. Everingham.

Classification number: M(960)24 

M for map 

(1) for Fiji Islands

24 for subject: seismology

(240 abbreviated to 24)

Shelf list number: 1986e

1986 for imprint date

e for author: Everingham, I. B.

Call number: M(960)24 1986e

B. Map Sets Classification

Definition

Map sets: Multiple maps, issued simultaneously or over time, intended to form a single group

covering a given geographic area. 

Classification numbers for map sets consist of four elements: capital letter “M” for map,

geographic number for the region, an abbreviated subject number, and lower case “s” for map set.

Map set shelf list numbers are constructed according to two alternatives:

(1a) Scale

If all the sheets of the set use one scale, use an abbreviated form of the scale as the shelf list number

according to the following procedures: 

Delete the initial “1" and the colon following it and the three zeros from the end of the scale. Enter

the remaining number in the shelf list line.

xiii
EXAMPLE

Scale is 1:100, 000: delete the “1:” and the last “000”. Enter “100” in the shelf list line. 

Title: Australia 1:100,000 geological series / Australia.

Classification number: M(800)2s

M for map

(800) for Australia

2 for subject: geology

s for set

Shelf list number: 100 for abbreviated scale

Call number: M(800)2s 

100

Add a work letter to the shelf list number to resolve conflicts with identical call numbers. If the

conflict is not resolved, add a title mark for title of the map set.

(1b) Region/Scale

When the region given on the map is a subregion of the geographic number found in the

classification number, the abbreviated scale in the shelf list number is preceded by two letters, the

first uppercase and the second lower case, representing the subregion.

EXAMPLE

Title: Geological map of Greenland, 1:500,000.

Classification number: M(980)2s 

M for map

(980) for region

2 for subject: geology

s for set

Shelf list number: Gr500

Gr for subregion: Greenland

500 for abbreviated scale

Call number: M(980)2s Gr500

Resolve call number conflicts by adding work letters and title marks to the shelf list

number as described above.

(2) Cutter numbers

Map sets without a constant scale among the various sheets are given shelf list numbers which

include a three digit number from the Cutter tables:

xiv
EXAMPLE

Title: Weinbau-Standorkarte Rheingau 1:50,000 /Hessisches Landesamt fur

Bodenforschung.

Classification number: M(530.4)518s

M for map

(530.4) for region: Wurttemburg

518 for subject: soil formation

s for set

Shelf list number: R342h

R for subregion Rheingau

342 from Cutter tables

h for title main entry

Call number: M(530.4)518s R342h

C. Classification of Map Indexes

In order to locate the indexes next to the maps, their call number is that of the map set/series except

that the ending “s” is replaced by an “i”:

Set: M(276)58s

Index: M(276) 58i

When an index covers maps of several scales, the smallest scale only will appear

in the shelf list numbers of the index: 

Set: M(276)58s 100 

Index: M(276)58i 100

D. Non-Map Materials Classification Numbers

Classification numbers for non-map materials (posters, tables, etc. that are stored in map cases) are

constructed with three elements: uppercase letter “M”, a parenthetical expression (NMM) for

non-map material, and a subject number. 

EXAMPLE

Title: Fossil shark teeth / sponsored by the Department of Paleobiology.

Class no.: M(NMM)671

M for material in map case

(NMM) for non-map material

671 for subject: fossil sharks

xv
Shelf list numbers:

Shelf list numbers consist of three elements: an initial uppercase letter, followed by a three digit

number from the Cutter table, and a title mark if needed.

Shelf list number: F798

F for main entry

798 from Cutter table

Call number: M(NMM)(671)

F798

Special Format Call Numbers

The U.S. Geological Survey Library has found it desirable to distinguish the call numbers of

special formats from printed materials. This has been done by adding a special format uppercase

term to the end of a standard call number. The following is a list of special formats and the

appropriate call number symbols:

FORMAT CALL NUMBER 

Audiocassettes AUDIOC

Audio CD-ROM AUDIOCD

CD-ROM CD-ROM

Computer cassettes COMPC

Computer disks DISK

Games GAME

Globes GLOBE

Internet documents INTERNET

Kits KIT

Microfiche FICHE

Microfilm MFILM

Videocassettes VIDEOC

Video CD-ROM CD-ROM

Regional Library Call Numbers

The USGS Library has branches in Denver, CO, Menlo Park, CA and Flagstaff, AZ. These

libraries will sometimes have additional notations as part of the classification number.

Denver Library

Call numbers for publications preceded by an upper case "L" indicate that they are locked in a

case.

Special collections use "FR" for field records and "PH" for photograph collection. These

designations precede the call number.

xvi
Shelf List Tables

The U.S. Geological Survey Library uses the Library of Congress shelf list tables to construct

shelf list numbers. The tables are designed in a simple format, which is basically self-explanatory.

A few points may need clarification. 

 

The USGS Reston Library generally uses three digit shelf list numbers. The regional libraries may

use 4 digits.

The shelf list number begins with an upper case letter representing the main entry.

(1) Using the surname “Smith”, the shelf list number will begin with the letter “S”.

(2) Select the first number from table 1, 2, 3, or 4 depending on the uppercase letter.

Use table: 

1 if the upper case letter is a vowel.

2 if the upper case letter is a “S”.

3 if the upper case letter is a “Q”.

4 if the upper case letter is a consonant.

Since the name begins with “S”, use table 2. The first number is established from the second letter

of “Smith”, i.e., “m”; go to table 2, find “m” , and find 6 below it.

The shelf list number will begin:

S6

(2) Use table 5 to complete the shelf list number by establishing the final two numbers. These

digits will be constructed from the 3rd and 4th letters in Smith:

3rd letter is i shelf list no. is 4

4th letter is t shelf list no. is 7 Completed shelf list number is: S647

Library of Congress Shelf List Tables

Table 1: initial letters are vowels:

b d l,m n p r s,t u-y

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Table 2: initial letter is S:

a ch e h,i m-p t u 

2 3 4 5 6 7-8 9

Table 3: initial letters are Qu begin with the 3rd letter:

a e i o r u y

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

For names beginning with Qa-Qt use 2-29

xvii
Table 4: initial letters are consonants:

a e i o r u y

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Table 5: final numbers:

a-d e-h i-l m n-q r-t u-w x-z

 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

United States Shelf List Tables

Use the following shelf list table for classifying publications by United States Government agencies

when classifying in the subject schedule and the main entry is the government agency. A-Z below

represents the first letter of the first work of the agency name following “United States.”

A-B use U3

C use U31

D-F use U32

G-J use U33

K-M use U34

N-O use U35

P-R use U36

S-U use U37

V-Z use U38

For entries beginning with United Nations use: U22

Acknowledgments

Special mention must be given to Irena Kavalek for editing the “Introduction” and “Classification

tables” and to Annabelle Trettin for editing the “Index.” I wish to thank the U.S. Geological

Survey Library Cataloging Staff for their contributions as library consultants, including Dean

Rogers and Margaret Zieman. I also wish to thank the several USGS scientists for reviewing the

subject content of the classification scheme in their area of expertise: Daniel J. Milton, Harry Lotus,

and others. 

xviii
SECTION 1 -- GENERAL WORKS

(Add geographic numbers as needed)

001 Government publications not classified elsewhere

002 Exposition publications not classified elsewhere

005 Education: schools and colleges

008 Photographs

009 Miscellany

(Sketches, clippings, old records)

010 Periodicals: In general these are now classified in G(XXX), S(XXX), P(XXX) except for

bibliographical works , those issued by international bodies or those

which are international in scope or very narrow in subject area. These exceptions

are classified by subject in 001-999.

020 Societies, universities, and observatories

025 Museums

030 Science

(General works, including philosophy, history of science, and science and technology; for

science education see 065.5)

030.3 Science and society

(Includes government role in science)

030.5 Scientific labor force

(Includes analyses of labor force, educational and research opportunities)

031 Scientific congresses.

(For congresses on a specific topic, see specific subject numbers)

032 Scientific institutions

(Publications about these institutions) 

035 Scientific instruments and microscopy

035.1 Congresses on instrumentation

035.4-

039.8 Computer science

035.4 Congresses, meetings, and so forth

035.5 General works

(Includes data processing and computer software)

035.6 Encyclopedias

035.7 History

035.8 Symbols and abbreviations

035.9 Miscellany, essays, and collections

036 Computers

(General works)

036.1 Analog

036.2 Digital

036.23 Microcomputers (PC's)

036.24 Minicomputers

036.25 Mainframes

036.3 Training manuals, techniques, user guides

036.31 Desktop publishing

036.32 Electronic publishing

036.4 Computer problems, exercises, and so forth

036.5 Digital image systems and processing

036.6 Computer graphics

036.7 Computer security

1
036.8 Computer law and legislation

036.9 Computer language and programming

037 Computer simulation, mathematical models, and special subjects.

For works on a special subject add a subject number to "037"

according to the following procedures. Precede each subject number with a period.

Numbers ending in "03" are abbreviated to one digit, for example, 203, 403, 503,

and so forth become "2","4", and "5", that is , 037.2, 037.4, and 037.5. Numbers

ending in zero are abbreviated as two digits: 530 becomes "53" or 037.53. 

Petrology , 150.3, is abbreviated as "15" or 037.15; all other numbers constructed

with decimal points retain the decimal; for example, petroleum engineering, 467.4,

becomes 037.467.4. Use the following as examples for constructing additional

numbers:

037.1 Mineralogy

037.15 Petrology

037.2 Geology

037.4 Mineral resources

037.5 Geomorphology and geography

037.58 Natural resources

037.78 Hydrology

037.81 Physics

037.85 Chemistry

038 Computer engineering, computer hardware, and internet

038.1 Congresses, meetings, and so forth

038.2 Microprocessors

038.3 Input-output equipment

038.4 Computer communications networks

038.5 Special computer components

038.6 Optical disk systems, CD-ROM, and so forth

039 System analysis and design

(Computer applications)

039.1 Congresses

039.2 Database analysis and design

039.3 Database management

039.4 Database processing

039.5 Database modeling

(CODASYL, DBTG, DDL, DML)

039.6 Database systems

(ADABAS, SYSTEM 2000, IDMS, IMS, MAGNUM)

039.7 Artificial intelligence, expert systems

039.8 Pattern recognition

040 Information storage and retrieval systems, information services, science

information and processing systems, and punched card systems

For works on a special topic add a subject number to 040 according to the

procedures set down in the class number 037.

Use the following numbers as examples for constructing additional numbers:

040.1 Mineralogy

040.15 Petrology

040.2 Geology

2
040.4 Mineral resources

040.5 Geomorphology and geography

040.58 Natural resources

040.78 Hydrology

040.81 Physics

040.85 Chemistry

040.919.53 Marine ecology

041 National bibliography

(Add a geographic number to designate the appropriate country)

EXAMPLE:

041(540) Bibliography of French publications

042 Subject bibliography

For bibliographies on specific topics, add subject numbers according to the procedures

given at the class number 037.

Use the following numbers as examples for constructing additional numbers:

042.010 Periodicals

042.030 Science

042.2 Geology

042.203.3 Engineering geology

042.295 Geophysics

042.5 Geomorphology and geography

042.53 Oceanography

042.759 Cartography

042.85 Chemistry

042.919 Ecology

043 Bibliographies of the works of individual authors

043.1 United States

043.2 British Commonwealth

043.3 German

043.33 Austrian

043.35 Swiss

043.37 Dutch

043.4 French

043.5 Italian

043.59 Romanian

043.6 Spanish

043.69 Portuguese

043.7 Russian and other Slavic nationalities

043.8 Scandinavian

043.81 Norwegian

043.82 Danish

043.83 Swedish

043.9 Other

044 Indexes to serials and lists of publications of societies

(Indexes of particular serials are generally classed with the series that they index)

045 Library science

045.1 Periodicals

045.2 Society publications

3
045.3 Library schools

045.4 Acquisition of books

045.5 Classification and shelving

045.6 Cataloging

(Includes lists of descriptors)

045.7 Binding

(Includes restoration and conservation)

045.8 Map librarianship

045.9 Reference librarianship

046 Libraries

046.1 Reports

046.3 Catalogs

046.5 Other publications

046.7 Library automation

046.8 Electronic libraries

047 Archives and archive collections

048 Catalog of research grants, projects, and so forth

050 General dictionaries

Shelf list numbers will include the following elements:

1. A capital letter with a one digit number representing the language.

(see list of language codes given below)

2. A capital letter with a two digit number for the main entry and constructed from L.C.

shelf list tables given in the introduction.

EXAMPLE:

 Citation from title page:

Random House dictionary of the English language

Editor: Jess Stein

Call number:

050

E5R36

3. Complete the shelf list number with a title mark when the main entry is under the author.

Use the following language codes in shelf list numbers when classifying dictionaries. Use

with classification numbers 050, 051 , and 051.1. Follow the instructions for shelf list

numbers given in 050.

A8 Armenian

Af8 Africaans

Al2 Aleut

Al13 Albanian

Ar12 Arabic

B4 Belarussian (White Russian)

B8 Bulgarian

C28 Catalan

C35 Chamorro

C4 Chinese

C42 Chinook

C88 Croatian

C99 Czech

D2 Danish

D9 Dutch

4
E5 English

Es8 Estonian

F4 Finnish

F8 French

G3 German

G8 Greek

H3 Hawaiian

H4 Hebrew

H5 Hindi

H8 Hungarian

Ic2 Icelandic

In2 Indonesian

In3 American Indian

Ir4 Irish

It2 Italian

J2 Japanese

K8 Korean

K87 Kusaie

L3 Latin

L4 Latvian

L7 Lithuanian

M2 Malay

M3 Marshall language

M7 Mongolian

M9 Muskokee

N8 Norwegian

P3 Palasuan

P36 Papago

P7 Polish

P75 Ponape

P8 Portuguese

R8 Romanian

R9 Russian

Se6 Serbian

Si11 Thai (Siamese)

S14 Slovak

S15 Slovenian

Sp6 Spanish

Sw3 Swahili

Sw4 Swedish

T6 Tohono O'Odham

T84 Turkish

Uk7 Ukrainian

V6 Vietnamese

Y3 Yapese

051 Bilingual and polyglot dictionaries

(Construct shelf list numbers as instructed in 050 above)

051.1 Technical dictionaries

For technical dictionaries on a specific subject, add a subject number to "051.1" according

to the procedures given at class number 037. To add a language to the shelf list number,

5
use the list of language codes and instructions given at 050 above.

Use the following numbers as examples for constructing additional numbers:

051.1 Technical dictionaries

051.1.2 Geology

051.203.2 Engineering geology

051.1.467.4 Petroleum engineering

051.1.536 Marine sediments

051.2 Dictionaries of abbreviations and acronyms

052 General encyclopedias

053 Grammars, language manuals, rhetoric

(Construct shelf list numbers by language as in 050)

053.2 Technical writing, style manuals, and so forth

054 Logic

055 Statistical yearbooks, almanacs

056 Membership directories

For membership directories on a specific subject, add a subject number

to “056" according to the procedures given at classification number 037.

057 Directories of organizations and institutions

For organizational directories on a special topic, add a subject number to "057" according to

the procedures set up at classification number 037.

059 Law

(Includes copyright law)

060 Nomenclature and classification

(Not used after 1971; see also nomenclature and classification under specific topics: 

mineralogy: 106; petrology: 150.6; geology: 206; historical geology: 306; mineral

industries: 406; paleontology: 606; physics: 806; chemistry: 850.6; biology: 906)

065 Sociology and economics

065.1 Business administration and management

065.11 Accounting

065.13 Organizational management 

Includes mgt. styles, tools, TQM, teamwork, empowerment, etc.)

065.15 Leadership

(Includes organizational mission) 

065.16 Communication

(Includes presentations, resumes, meetings, proposal writing, exhibits, etc.)

065.17 Women in management

065.19 Personnel management

(Includes recruitment, performance evaluations, EEO , diversity, sexual harassment,

etc.)

065.2 Labor force and employment

065.21 Working conditions

(Including wages, flexible hours, environmental conditions, etc.)

065.23 Career development

(Includes professional/vocational guidance, mentoring, career ladders, etc.)

065.25 Women in the workplace

(Includes child care)

065.27 Labor relations

(Includes labor disputes)

065.3 City and regional planning

065.4 Health

6
065.41 Disabilities in the workplace

065.43 Stress/fatigue in the workplace

065.5 Education

(Includes science education)

065.51 Continuing education 

(Includes vocational education)

065.6 Welfare

067 Statistics, graphics

(General works; for statistics on a specific topic, see subject numbers; for theory, see 719 or

718, mathematical statistics)

070 History

(Includes ethics and psychology)

080 Collected biographies

(For collected biographies with a region, country, state or province, add a geographic

number)

081-

089 Individual biographies

(Do not use geographic numbers; construct shelf list numbers from last name of the person

who is the subject of the biography; construct the title mark, or work mark, from last name

of author)

EXAMPLE:

Title: 

Hugh Miller : the Cromarty Stonemason, by Charles D. Waterston

Call number:

081

M615w

(Add date)

081 United States

082 English and Australian

082.1 Canadian

083 German

084 French

085 Italian

086 Spanish and Portuguese

087 Russian and Slavic

088 Scandinavian

089 Other

090 Essays, collections, miscellany not classified elsewhere

095 Miscellaneous manuscript materials and collections

7
SECTION 2 -- MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY

(Add geographic numbers for regions as needed)

Mineralogy

101 Congresses (1972+ ) (see 401 for mining congresses)

103 Textbooks and general treatises

104 Elementary and older textbooks; popular mineralogy, rockhounding

105 Catalogs and tables

106 Nomenclature and classification

107 History

108 Technique

109 Essays, collections and miscellany

110 Crystallography and optical mineralogy

111 Mathematical crystallography

112 Crystallization

(crystal growth, solidification of crystals, crystal lattices)

113 Physical properties of crystals

115 Determinative mineralogy

116 Laboratory manuals and tables

117 Special topics

(Includes color, fluorescence, microprobe analysis, optics, specific gravity, thin

sections)

118 Chemical analysis

(not used after 1971, see 880-888)

119 Chemical mineralogy

120 Descriptive mineralogy (general)

122 Sulfides, selenides, tellurides, arsenides, antimonides

123 Sulfo-salts

(sulfarsenites, sulfantimonites, sulfobismuthites

124 Haloids

(chlorides, bromides, iodides, fluorides)

125 Oxides

126 Oxygen salts

126.1 Carbonates

126.2 Silicates, titanates, zeolites, and clay minerals

126.3 Niobates, tantalates

126.4 Phosphates, arsenates, vanadates, antimonates, nitrates

126.5 Borates, urenates

126.6 Sulfates, chromates, tellurates

126.7 Tungstates, molybdates

127 Salts of organic acids; oxalates, mellates, and so forth

128 Hydrocarbon compounds

130 Meteorites

 (For meteors see 734.6)

135 Pseudomorphs

(Minerals whose outward crystal form is that of another mineral species);

paramorph (a pseudomorph with the same composition as the original crystal);

paramorphism (property of a mineral to change its internal structure without

changing its external form or chemical composition)

140 Experimental investigations

(Shock and blast experiments in mineralogy and so forth)

8
Petrology

(Origin, occurrence, and structure of rocks)

150.3 Textbooks, treatises, general works

150.4 Elementary textbooks

150.5 Catalogs and tables

150.6 Nomenclature and classification

150.7 History

150.8 Petrological technique

150.9 Essays and collections

153 Physical properties of rocks

155 Rock analysis

160 Determination of minerals in rocks

165 Structural petrology

(Study of rock structure of thin-sections or micro scale including microtectonics and

petrofabric analysis; for rock structure on a moderate to small scale, see structural geology

at 260; for rock structure on the broad scale, see tectonics at 210)

170 Igneous and volcanic rocks

(Includes basalt, kimberlite, ophiolites, periodite, and ultrabasic rocks; for magmas or

magmatism, see 281)

180 Sedimentary and carbonate rocks

(Includes concretions)

180.3 Paleopedology

(Study of soils of past geologic ages and their age determination)

185 Crystalline rocks

190 Metamorphic and metasomatic rocks

(Includes metasomatite and skarn; for metamorphism and metasomatism, see 283)

9
SECTION 3 -- GENERAL, STRUCTURAL, AND DYNAMIC GEOLOGY

(Add geographic numbers for regions as needed)

201 Geological congresses

(Includes historical and stratigraphic geology congresses)

202 Collections of writings by individual geologists

203 Geological textbooks and general treatises

203(050) Submarine geology

(Represents geology of oceans and seas in general and geology of

continental shelves and margins; for the geology of specific oceans and seas,

use the appropriate geographic number from Section 11)

203.2 Earth sciences (multidisciplinary works)

203.3 Engineering geology

203.4 Effects of underground explosions

203.5 Military geology

203.6 Environmental and urban geology

203.7 Nuclear geology

(Includes radio geology and isotope geology)

204 Elementary textbooks, older works, and popular geology

205 Catalogs and encyclopedias

206 Nomenclature and classification

207 History of geology

(For the history of mineral industries, economic geology, and mines and mining, see 407)

208 Geological technique

(Includes field and laboratory applications)

208.2 Mathematical geology, statistic in geology, and geostatistics

209 Miscellany, essays, collections, and special topics

209.1 Geological guidebooks (monographic) 

210 Dynamic and physical geology

(Includes works on geodynamics; neotectonics–study of active earth movements, including

uplift and tilt; tectonics--study of rock structure on a broad scale; for works on rock

structure on a moderate to small scale, see structural geology at 260;

for works on rock structure on a thin-section or micro scale, see structural petrology at 165)

211 Atmospheric agencies, weathering

(Includes eolian drift)

212 Extraterrestrial forces

213 Erosion

(Includes works on sediments, sedimentation and deposition, sediment transport,

diagenesis, detritus, and drift; for works on glacial drift, see 250; for works on

shoreline building or destruction through sediment transport, see 521)

214 Underground water action

216 Organic agencies

218 Thermal or igneous agencies

(Includes hydrothermal deposits and earth temperature; for geothermal resources,

see 230)

219 Experimental investigations on geology and subtopics

220 Volcanoes, calderas, volcanic eruptions, and volcanism

(Includes volcanic products: lava, pumice, lahars)

225 Extinct volcanoes

10
229 Maars 

(Low-relief, broad volcanic crater formed by multiple shallow explosive eruptions,

surrounded by a crater ring)

230 Geothermal resources

(Includes geysers, hot springs, and so forth)

240 Earthquakes, seismology

(Includes "man made" earthquakes, seismic waves, ground shaking and earthquake hazard

analysis; for seismic wave application to earth structure, seismic profiling see 295.2)

240.1 Conferences

240.2 Earthquake engineering and effects of earthquakes on construction

240.3 Geomorphological effects of earthquakes

(Includes earthquake effects on slope stability)

240.4 Earthquake prediction

240.5 Induced seismicity

240.6 Soil liquefaction

240.8 Seismometry

(Instrumental aspects of seismology)

240.9 Paleoseismology 

245 Landslides, avalanches, debris flows, mudslides, and rockslides

248 Local land subsidences, sinkholes

249 Natural disasters

(Includes geological hazards and disaster relief; for specific geologic hazards and associated

disasters, see the specific types: earthquakes: 240; landslides: 245; subsidences: 248;

hurricanes and typhoons: 515; tsunamis: 533; tornados: 515; floods: 552)

249.1 Congresses

249.2 Natural disasters' effects on construction

250 Glaciology and glaciers

(Includes glacial drift)

251 Drumlins

(Ridges of compact glacial till built and shaped under the margin of ice)

252 Eskers

(Ridges of stratified sand and gravel deposited by subglacial streams)

253 Moraines

(Mounds or ridges of unstratified glacial drift deposited by a glacier)

254 Erosion of glaciers

255 Glacial lakes (extinct)

256 Ice and snow, periglacial phenomena

256.1 Permafrost

256.2 Frozen ground

(Includes cold regions engineering and construction conditions)

260 Structural geology

(The study of rock structure on a moderate to small scale including form,

arrangement, description, representation and analysis; includes bedrock and surficial

geology; for rock structure on a broad scale, see tectonics at 210;

for rock structure on a thin-section or micro scale, see structural petrology at 165)

267 Lithosphere

270 Deformations

(Includes deformation mechanics; rheology (the study of the deformation and flow

of matter); joints (fractures or parting in rocks without displacement); grabens

(elongated, depressed crustal blocks, bounded by faults on their long sides).

11
276 Faults and folding

(Includes rifts)

280 Intrusions

(Includes laccoliths (igneous intrusions), domes (large magmatic or migmatic

intrusions having convex surface and sides sloping away in low angles), necks

(pipelike intrusion), stocks (igneous intrusions less than 40 sq. miles in surface

exposure))

281 Magmas (magmatism)

(For igneous or magmatic rocks, see 170)

283 Metamorphism, igneous metamorphism, and metasomatism

(For metamorphic and metasomatic rocks, see 190)

291 Oscillation

(Includes earth movement and earth tilting)

293 Orogeny (mountain making), epeirogeny (a form of diastrophism that has

produced the larger features of the continents and oceans)

295 Geophysics

(For geophysical prospecting see 426 )

295.2 Geophysical, seismic profiling, and seismic wave application to earth

structure

295.3 Cosmic physics, Earth tides, space plasma, and so forth

295.5 Nuclear geophysics

296 Geomagnetism (terrestrial magnetism), aeromagnetism, and magnetic surveys

(prior to 1972 classed in 746; see 314 for paleomagnetism)

297 Isostasy

(Condition of equilibrium in the Earth's crust and mantle)

297.5 Gravity investigations

(Includes gravity anomalies; prior to 1972, see 748)

298 Geochemistry

298.1 Conferences

298.2 Inorganic geochemistry

298.3 Biogeochemistry (organic geochemistry), biomineralization, and humus

298.4 Fluid inclusions

12
SECTION 4 -- HISTORICAL GEOLOGY

(Add geographic numbers for regions as needed)

302 Collections (sets)

303 Historical geology textbooks and general treatises

305 Stratigraphic tables

306 Nomenclature and classification

308 Geologic maps and atlases

(For books on map making, see 759)

308.4 List of geological maps

(Includes index maps and map bibliography)

309 Essays and collections

310 Earth origin (geogenesis)

311 Continental drift

(Includes plate tectonics, sea-floor spreading, and subduction zones)

311.1 Conferences

312 Earth crust, Earth mantle

313 Earth (internal structure)

314 Paleogeophysics

(Includes paleomagnetism)

315 Geologic time

(Includes geochronology, stratigraphic correlation, age determination, potassium-argon

dating, radiocarbon dating, tree-ring dating, and so forth)

319 Stratigraphy, stratigraphic time periods

(Includes works on the study of stratified rocks and their geologic time period; for

stratigraphic tables see 305)

320 Precambrian

320.1 Archean

320.2 Proterozoic

330 Paleozoic

332 Cambrian

333 Ordovician

334 Silurian

335 Devonian

336 Carboniferous 

(Includes Pennsylvanian and Mississippian)

337 Permian

340 Mesozoic

341 Triassic

342 Jurassic

343 Cretaceous

350 Cenozoic

351 Tertiary

352 Quaternary

353 Pleistocene

(Includes glacial epochs)

354 Holocene (Recent)

360 Paleogeography 

(Works on the study of the physical geography of the geologic past)

361 Precambrian

361.1 Archean

13
361.2 Proterozoic

362 Paleozoic

362.1 Cambrian

362.2 Ordovician

362.3 Silurian

362.4 Devonian

362.5 Carboniferous

362.6 Permian

363 Mesozoic

363.1 Triassic

363.2 Jurassic

363.3 Cretaceous

364 Cenozoic

364.1 Tertiary

364.2 Quaternary

364.3 Pleistocene

364.4 Holocene (Recent)

365 Prehistoric continents: Pangea, Laurasia, and Gondwana

366 Prehistoric oceans: Iapetus, Panthalassa, and Tethys

370 Paleoclimatology

371 Paleohydrology

14
SECTION 5 -- MINERAL RESOURCES, MINERAL INDUSTRIES, AND ECONOMIC

GEOLOGY

(Add geographic numbers for regions as needed)

401 Congresses

402 Mineral resources agencies and mining bureaus of countries, states, and provinces

(Includes map texts by bureaus of mines and mineral resources not classified elsewhere)

EXAMPLES:

402(100) Canada. Mineral Resources Division

402(274) Arizona Dept. of Mineral Resources

402(120) Nova Scotia Dept. of Mines

403 Mineral resources and mineral industries

(textbooks and general works)

403.1 Mineral technology

(Includes economic aspects of mineral technology)

404 Economic aspects of mineral resources and mineral industries including economic

geology

405 Encyclopedias and catalogs (for mineral locations)

406 Nomenclature and classification

407 History

 (Includes mining history)

408 General mineral and metal statistics

409 Essays, collections, and special topics

410 Ore deposits

(Includes metal deposits; metallogeny, origin and formation of ores; all other aspects of ore

deposits including geochemical and thermodynamic aspects)

411 Lodes, veins, dikes

412 Rock-forming minerals

413 Trace elements (minor and accessory elements)

414 Placer deposits

415 Economic aspects of metal deposits

(Includes analyses for economic use)

416 Microscopic determination

420 Mines and mining

421 Mining law and legislation

422 Economic aspects of mines and mining

(Includes mine prospectuses and reports)

422.5 Mining company and corporate annual reports

424 Mine surveying

425 Mining methods and working

(Includes mining engineering, mine safety, strip mining, longwall mining, and rock

bursts)

425.2 Mining subsidences

426 Prospecting

(Geophysical methods in general including water and well logging; for oil well logging, see

see 467.4)

426.2 Geochemical prospecting

426.3 Seismic prospecting

426.4 Other specific prospecting methods

(Includes electric, nuclear (radioactive), gravity, magnetotelluric, torsion balance

methods, and so forth)

15
427 Hydraulic mining

428 Taxation and so forth

429 Metallurgy

(Includes flotation, leaching, magnetic separation, and ore dressing)

429.1 Gold (gold and silver)

429.2 Silver (silver and lead)

429.3 Iron and steel

429.4 Copper

429.5 Lead, zinc

429.7 Other metals

429.8 Assaying and ore analysis methods

429.9 Machinery

430 Metals in natural state

431 Gold (aurum; Au), silver (argentum; Ag)

432 Mercury (quicksilver, hydrargyrum; Hg)

433 Iron (ferrum; Fe; includes magnetite), manganese (Mg)

434 Copper (cuprum; Cu), tin (stannum; Sn)

435 Lead (plumbum; Pb), zinc (Zn)

436 Nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co)

437 Antimony (stibium; Sb) 

438 Aluminum (Al)

439 Other metals 

Bismuth (Bi)

Cadmium (Cd)

Chromium (Cr)

Gallium (Ga)

Germanium (Ge)

Hafnium (Hf)

Indium (In)

Molybdenum (Mo)

Niobium (Nb; columbium) 

Rhenium (Re)

Scandium (Sc)

Tantalum (Ta)

Technetium (Tc)

Thallium (Tl)

Titanium (Ti)

Tungsten (wolfram;W)

Vanadium (V)

Yttrium (Y)

Zirconium (Zr)

439.1 Platinum metals

Iridium (Ir)

Osmium (Os)

Palladium (Pd)

Platinum (Pt)

Rhenium (Re)

Rhodium (Rh)

Ruthenium (Ru)

439.2 Alkali earth metals

Barium (Ba)

16
Beryllium (Be)

Calcium (Ca)

Magnesium (Mg)

Radium (Ra)

Strontium (Sr)

439.21 Alkali metals

Cesium (caesium; Ca)

Francium (Fr)

Lithium (Li)

Potassium (kalium;K)

Rubidium (Rb)

Sodium (Na)

439.3 Lanthanide series (rare earth metals)

Cerium (Ce)

Dysprosium (Dy)

Erbium (Er)

Europium (Eu)

Gadolinium (Gd)

Holmium (Ho)

Lanthanum (La)

Lutetium (Lu)

Praseodymium (Pr)

Promethium (Pm)

Samarium (Sm)

Terbium (Tb)

Thullium (Tm)

Ytterbium (Yb)

439.4 Actinide series

Actinium (Ac)

Americium (Am)

Berkelium (Bk)

Californium (Cf)

Curium (Cm)

Einsteinium (Es)

Fermium (Fm)

Lawrencium (Lr)

Mendelevium (Md)

Neptunium (Np)

Nobelium (No)

Plutonium (Pu)

Protactinium (Pa)

Thorium (Th)

Uranium (U)

439.5 Nonmetallic elements

Arsenic (As)

Boron (B)

Hydrogen (H)

Nitrogen (N)

Oxygen (O)

Phosphorus (P)

Selenium (Se)

17
Silicon (Si)

Tellurium (Te)

439.6 Halogens

Astatine (At)

Bromine (Br)

Chlorine (Cl)

Fluorine (F)

Iodine (I)

439.7 Inert gases

Argon (Ar)

Helium (He)

Krypton (Kr)

Neon (Ne)

Radon (Rn)

Xenon (Xe)

440 Nonmetallic minerals (industrial minerals 440-459.91)

441 Clay

(Includes clay minerals, attapulgite, bauxite, bentonite, kaolin, laterite, refractory

materials, illite, smectite, and ceramic materials (potter's clay, potter's earth, pot clay,

pot earth))

441.1 Clay products

(Includes ceramics, pottery, earthenware (clayware), stoneware, porcelain,

brick, and tile)

442 Cement and concrete

443 Fertilizers

Apatite

Monazite

Potash

Phosphates

Nitrates

444 Salt

Gypsum

Alum

Alunite (alumite)

Alum stone

445 Sulphur (sulfur), pyrite

446 Asbestos

446.1 Amphiboles

Actinolite

Amosite

Anthophyllite

Crocidilite

Tremolite

446.2 Serpentinite

Antigorite

Chrysotile

Olivine

446.3 Mica

(micaceous minerals)

Biotite

Lepidolite

18
Margarite

Muscovite

Paragonite

Phlogopite

Roscoelite

Vermiculite

Zinnwaldite

447 Abrasive materials

Corundum

Emery

Garnet

Pumice

Volcanic ash

448 Mineral paints

(Includes pigments, ocher for example)

448.1 Barites

451 Talc

452 Fluorite (fluorspar)

453 Silicates

(For mineralogical aspects, see 126.2)

Conglomerates

Feldspar

Fuller's earth

Glass

Kyanite (cyanite)

Quartz

Sand (For aggregate aspects see 479)

Zeolites

454 Carbonates

(For mineralogical aspects, see 126.1; for petrological aspects, see 180)

Lime

Chalk

Marl

Limestone

Dolomite

459 Siliceous earth

Diatomite (tripolite)

(Includes diatomacaeous earth, radiolarian earth, tripoli)

459.9 Other nonmetallic minerals

459.91 Economic aspects of nonmetals

460 Carbon and its compounds

(Includes hydrocarbons and methane)

461 Coal

(For coal mine waste, see 799.5)

461.1 Coal congresses

461.3 Environmental aspects of coal production

(For example, coal desulfurization; for environmental aspects of

resource development, see 585.3)

461.4 Coal technology

(Includes liquefaction and gasification)

462 Anthracite

19
463 Bituminous

463.5 Lignite, leonardite

464 Peat

464.1 Caustoliths

(Combustible rocks usually of organic origin ( for example, coal or

peat); inorganic deposits also occur (for example, sulfur, asphalt,

graphite))

Caustobioliths

Caustophytoliths

Caustozooliths

465 Asphalt

466 Graphite

467 Petroleum

(Includes oil deposits, natural gas, oil shales, oil fuel; and also includes

economic aspects of petroleum)

467.1 Congresses

467.3 Petroleum chemistry

467.4 Petroleum technology

(Includes petroleum engineering, oil well logging, mudlogging,

petroleum geology, and reservoir engineering)

467.5 Petroleum law and legislation

467.7 Petroleum industry

(Includes petroleum leases, piplines, petroleum production and

distribution, and oil well supervision)

467.8 Helium

467.9 Miscellaneous topics on petroleum

468 Manufactured fuels

469 Other compounds, including amber and jet

470 Building and ornamental stones

(For petrological aspects, see 170-190)

471 Marble, limestone

472 Onyx

473 Sandstone

474 Granite

475 Slate

476 Soapstone

477 Trap

478 Other building and ornamental stones

479 Construction and road materials: aggregate

(crushed stone, sand and gravel); lightweight aggregate (pumice, volcanic

cinders, expanded shale, foam slag, expanded perlite, and expanded

vermiculite)

480 Precious stones, gems

480.5 Gems (artistic aspects)

481 Diamonds

482 Sapphires

483 Rubies

483.5 Emeralds

484 Opal, garnet

485 Agate

486 Jade

20
487 Tourmaline

488 Pearls

489 Amethyst, kunzite, and others

490 Underground water, aquifers, groundwater flow, groundwater supply,

hydrogeology, geohydrology

(For hydrology, see 780-799)

491 Springs

492 Artesian wells and water wells in general

493 Mineral waters (before 1972, see 491)

494 Groundwater pollution, contamination

495 Composition, analysis

497 Groundwater quality

21
SECTION 6 – GEOMORPHOLOGY, PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY, AND

PHYSIOGRAPHY.

(Add geographic numbers as needed)

500 Topographic maps

500.1 Landsat maps ,photo maps, and aerial photo maps

(The numbers 500 and 500.1 are reserved for map classification)

501 Congresses

502 Exploring expeditions

503 Text books and general treatises on geomorphology and physical geography.

504 Geography, descriptive

(Includes economic aspects and general geography)

505 Encyclopedias and yearbooks

506 Geographic names

(Includes gazetteers)

507 History of geography, history of geomorphology

(For general history, see 070) 

508 Atlases and maps

(Includes all subject maps with the exception of geology; for geological maps see 308; for

cartography, see 759. See p. xi for instructions on how to classify maps filed in map

cases.)

508.4 Lists of maps, index maps and map bibliography

509 Essays and collections

510 Meteorology

511 Atmospheric physics

(Includes atmospheric circulation, atmospheric gases, greenhouse effect, and oceanatmosphere interaction)

512 Climatology

(Includes climate change, global warming, heat budget,

and temperature problems)

513 Weather modification

514 Ai r pollution

(Includes atmospheric pollutants and radon)

515 Winds

(Includes storms, cyclonic storms, hurricanes, tornados, and typhoons; for tsunami, see

533)

516 Droughts

518 Soil formation, soil origin

(Includes loess, an unstratified, unconsolidated deposit composed of silt, clay, and sand

from the Pleistocene age; for other aspects of soils, see 768, 892, and 941)

520 Continents

(For works on continental drift, see 311; for works on Earth's crust, see 312; for works on

the continental shelf and continental margins, see 523)

521 Shorelines 

(Includes beaches, coastal engineering, coastal zone management, lake earth-water

interfaces; shorelines of lakes, reservoirs, and seas; barrier islands)

521.1 Coastal zone conferences

523 Fjords, submarine relief off coasts, continental shelf, continental margins.

525 Coral reefs and islands

530 Oceanography

(Oceans)

22
530.01 Conferences

530.02 Oceanographic instrumentation 

530.1 Atlantic Ocean, North and Baltic Seas

530.2 Mediterranean and Black Seas

530.3 Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea

530.4 South Atlantic Ocean

530.5 Pacific Ocean

530.6 Eastern Pacific and American coasts

530.7 Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal, and Red Sea

530.8 Arctic Ocean

530.9 Antarctic Ocean

531 Ocean currents

532 Tides, tide gages

532.1 Sea level changes

533 Waves, tsunamis

535 Icebergs

(Includes sea ice and so forth)

536 Marine sediments 

(Includes ocean bottom, benthos, and deep sea drilling projects; divided geographically as in

530)

537 Marine resources

(Includes ocean mining, ocean mining technologies, deep sea drilling (underwater drilling))

537.1 Conferences

537.2 Law of the Sea 

(Includes fishery law and legislation)

537.5 Marine pollution

537.6 Manganese and ferromanganese nodules

538 Marine geophysics

539 Marine structures and engineering

(Includes offshore technology and marine platforms)

540 Landforms

(Includes physiography, a description of the surface features of the Earth)

541 Mountains

542 Plateaus

543 Plains, prairies, and savannas

544 Hills and mounds 

545 Valleys

546 Terraces and alluvium

547 Caves , karst, and sinkholes

548 Deserts

549 Dunes

550 Water features

(Includes inland waters (except oceans); for groundwater, see 490; for hydrology, see780)

551 Springs

 (For geothermal resources see 230; for water resources of springs, see

491)

552 Rivers, deltas, watershed systems, stream systems, floods, and flood plains

553 Waterfalls, cataracts, rapids, and whirlpools

554 Lakes, ponds, and playas

(Includes limnology)

555 Drainage

23
556 Swamps, moors, marshes, and wetlands

557 Estuaries, tidal basins, and tidal marshes

558 Bays, lagoons, and sounds 

Local bays and sounds are not assigned a geographic number. They are 

classified in a subject number and assigned the geographical number of the state,

province, or region with which they are associated:

Cape Cod Bay 558(214)

Chesapeake Bay 558(220)

Delaware Bay 558(220)

Long Island Sound 558(221)

Pamlico Sound 558(231)

Puget Sound 558(284)

San Francisco Bay 558(276)

559 Glaciers 

(For glaciology, see 250)

580 Natural resources

(Includes resource development, energy, and power resources)

580.1 Energy and power conferences

580.3 Energy recovery from wastes

582 Environment

(Includes environmental law and policy) 

582.1 Conferences

583 Pollution

(General pollution; includes occurrence, hazardous materials, acid rain, acid deposition, soil

pollution and toxicology; see 494 for groundwater pollution; 795 for surface water

pollution; 514 for air pollution)

583.1 Pollution conferences

585 Conservation

(Includes wildlife conservation and management)

585.1 Conservation conferences

585.3 Resource conservation

(Includes environmental impacts and analysis of resource development)

585.4 Environmental impacts and analysis of human population; demographic

studies and environment

585.5 Land use planning

(Includes environmental impacts and analysis of land use, urban and rural planning,

public land policy, and reclamation of mined lands)

585.7 Parks, open spaces, wilderness areas, and recreation areas

(Includes environmental aspects of these areas)

590 Description and travel 

24
SECTION 7 -- PALEONTOLOGY

(Add geographic numbers for regions as needed)

601 Congresses

602 Collections

(Includes periodicals of paleontological societies, institutes, associations, museums of

natural history, university paleontological departments and laboratories; local government

departments of paleontology, museums of natural history, and paleontological laboratories)

603 Textbooks and general treatises

603.1 Micropaleontology

604 Elementary textbooks

605 Catalogs

606 Nomenclature and classification

608 Technique

609 Miscellany, essays, and collections

610 Ichnofossil

(Trace fossils; includes fossil footprints, fossil tracts and so forth)

611 Undetermined material

(Includes problematica, unidentifiable fossil fragments, conodonts, and so forth)

612 Paleoecology

612.1 Precambrian

612.2 Paleozoic

612.3 Mesozoic

612.4 Cenozoic 

613 Paleobiology

614 Paleozoology

614.2 Invertebrata

615 Protozoa

616 Rhizopoda

(Includes amoeba and so forth)

617 Foraminifera

618 Radiolaria

620 Coelenterata

621 Porifera

(sponges)

625 Anthozoa

(corals)

626 Hydrozoa

(Includes hydra, graptolites, stromatoporoids, and so forth)

630 Echinodermata

631 Pelmatozoa

(Includes crinoids, cystoids, and blastoids)

632 Crinoidea (feather stars) and Cystoidea (cystoids)

633 Blastoidea

634 Asterozoa

(Includes starfish, brittle and basket stars)

635 Ophiuroidea

(Includes brittle and basket stars)

636 Asteroidea

(starfish)

637 Echinozoa

(Includes sea urchins and sea cucumbers)

25
638 Echinoidea

(sea urchins)

639 Holothuroidea

(sea cucumbers)

640 Vermes

(Includes Platyhelminthes ( flat worms) and Nemathelminthes

(round worms)

645 Annelida

(earth worms)

650 Molluscoidea

651 Bryozoa

652 Brachiopoda

654 Mollusca

(Includes conchology)

655 Bivalvia

(lamellibranchiata or pelecypoda)

656 Scaphopoda

657 Polyplacoph

(amphineura)

658 Gastropoda

(Includes snails, slugs, and so forth)

659 Cephalopoda

(Includes squid, octopus, nautilus, and ammonites)

660 Arthropoda

662 Crustacea

(Includes crabs, lobsters, crayfish, and so forth; also includes

ostracoda)

662.3 Trilobites

665 Arachnida (Includes spiders, scorpions, and so forth)

666 Myriopoda

(Includes centipedes and millipedes)

667 Insecta

670 Vertebrata

671 Pisces

(fish)

673 Amphibia

(Includes frogs, salamanders, newts, and so forth)

675 Reptilia

(Includes dinosaurs, ornithischia, lizards, snakes, and so

forth)

677 Aves

(birds)

679 Mammalia

679.9 Man

(Includes Paleolithic period)

679.91 Archeology

680 Stratigraphic paleontology

(Stratigraphic research on specific classes of animals or plants are classed under the

number for that plant or animal)

681 Precambrian

681.1 Archean

26
681.2 Proterozoic

682 Paleozoic

683 Cambrian

684 Ordovician

685 Silurian

686 Devonian

687 Carboniferous

(Includes Mississippian and Pennsylvanian)

687.5 Permian

688 Mesozoic

688.1 Triassic

688.4 Jurassic

688.7 Cretaceous

689 Cenozoic

689.1 Tertiary

(Includes Paleogene and Neogene)

689.5 Quaternary

689.6 Pleistocene

689.7 Recent (Holocene)

690 Paleobotany

690.1 Precambrian

690.2 Paleozoic

690.3 Mesozoic

690.4 Cenozoic

695 Catalogs, lists, and so forth

696 Palynology

(Includes spores and fossil spores)

697 Cryptogams

(Spore bearing plants: ferns, mosses, algae, and fungi)

697.1 Thallophytes

(Includes fungi, algae, diatoms, and so forth)

697.2 Bryophytes

(Includes liverworts and mosses)

697.3 Pteridophytes

(ferns)

698 Phanerogams

(seed or flowering plants)

698.1 Gymnosperms

(evergreens)

698.2 Angiosperms

(flowering plants)

698.5 Monocotyledons

(One seed leaf; includes grasses, bamboo, orchids, palms, and so

forth; formerly endogens)

698.6 Dicotyledons

(Two seed leaves; includes beech, birch, chestnuts, elms, hickory,

pecan, poplar, oaks, and so forth; formerly exogens)

699 Miscellany

27
SECTION 8 -- MATHEMATICS, ASTRONOMY, ENGINEERING, AND SURVEYING

(Add geographic numbers for regions as needed)

701 Congresses

705 Tables

706 Nomenclature, abbreviations, and so forth

708 Technique

710 Mathematics

711 Arithmetic

712 Algebra

713 Geometry

714 Trigonometry

715 Analytical geometry

716 Calculus

(Includes functions, Fourier's series, integrals, infinite series, and mathematical

analysis)

718 Theory of error

(Includes least squares, probabilities, stochastic processes, and time series)

719 Other branches of mathematics

(Includes numerical analysis, statistics, topology, theory of groups, vector analysis,

and so forth)

730 Astronomy

730.1 Astrophysics

(the former 730.2, astrogeology was canceled in 1980, see 737)

730.3 Space chemistry

730.4 Space biology

730.6 Instruments

731 Theoretical astronomy and celestial mechanics

731.1 Planetary theory

732 Navigational and nautical astronomy

(Includes other practical applications of astronomy)

733 Spherical astronomy

(Includes chiefly research on problems relating to the celestial sphere)

734 Descriptive astronomy

734.1 Universe other than the solar system

734.2 Cosmic dust

734.3 Asteroids

734.4 Stars

734.5 Sun

734.6 Meteors

(see 130 for meteorites)

734.7 Comets

735 Planetary astronomy

(Includes solar system)

735.1 Earth

735.2 Mars

735.3 Venus

735.4 Other major planets

(Includes Jupiter, Mercury, Saturn)

735.8 Minor planets

28
736 Moon

736.1 Lunar geology

736.2 Lunar petrology

736.3 Lunar mineralogy

737 Planetary geology

(Includes astrogeology, formerly 730.2 prior to 1980)

737.1 Mercury

737.2 Venus

737.3 Mars

737.4 Jupiter

737.5 Saturn

737.6 Uranus and Neptune

737.7 Pluto and minor planets

(for Earth see 203; for the moon, see 736.1 and 736.2)

738 Cosmogony

(Theory of the origin and development of the universe; includes nebular hypothesis)

738.1 Earth

738.2 Mars

738.3 Venus

738.4 Other major planets: Jupiter, Mercury, Saturn

738.8 Minor planets

739 Space sciences

(Includes space exploration, associated space technology, artificial satellites)

739.1 Congresses

739.4 Earth satellites

(for example, ERTS, Landsat, Mapsat, Nimbus, and so forth)

739.5 Satellite instrumentation

739.7 Space shuttles

739.8 Space stations

740 Geodesy

(The investigation of any scientific question regarding the shape and dimension of the

Earth)

741 Theory and determination of Earth's figure

742 Base measuring and apparatus

743 Field work of triangulation

744 Computation

745 Formulae and applications

(The former 746, magmatic surveys, was canceled 1972)

747 Longitude and latitude, map projections

748 Global positioning system (GPS), satellite positioning systems

748.1 Lunar geodesy

750 Surveying

(Textbooks, manuals, and so forth; includes general topography)

750.1 Congresses

750.3 Encyclopedias

751 Instruments

752 Measurements of angles, heights, altitudes, leveling

753 Topographical drawing (see 500 for topographical maps)

753.1 Photogrammetry (general) 753.2 Automated photogrammetry

753.4 Instruments and equipment

29
753.5 Aerial surveying

753.55 Conferences

753.6 Orthophotography and orthophotomapping

753.7 Remote sensing

753.71 Conferences

753.74 Instruments

753.75 Remote sensing of natural resources

753.76 Remote sensing for hydrologic studies

753.77 Remote sensing for geologic and mineralogic studies

753.78 Remote sensing for land use studies

753.79 Other remote sensing studies

754 Topographical surveying by states and countries

755 Boundary surveying

756 Military, naval, land surveys

(for special purposes)

757 Drawing, lettering, illustration of books (general)

758 Coloring

759 Cartography

(Includes map making and study; use of geological maps)

759.1 Conferences

759.3 Workbooks

759.4 History of cartography

759.5 Computerized mapping

(Includes automated cartography, digital cartography, and spatial data

handling)

759.6 Cartographic standards and manuals

760 Engineering

(general treatises and texts)

761 Conferences

762 Reports of utilities companies

763 Contracts, specifications

764 Designs and drawings

765 Tables and calculations

766 Materials of construction

(Includes mechanics of construction materials and friction)

767 Strength of materials

(Includes structural engineering)

767.5 Instruments for testing strength of materials

767.8 Testing of materials

768 Soil mechanics

(Includes soil engineering, rock mechanics, and slope stability; for deformations, see

270)

768.1 Conferences

768.2 Foundations

768.3 Dams

768.4 Other

(Includes underground construction, compressed air storage, and so forth)

769 Structures and military construction

(Includes military structures, buildings, masonry, bridges, air fields; see also 768 for

soil engineering, and so forth)

30
770 Mechanical engineering and machinery

770.3 Vehicles

770.5 Machines

771 Power engineering

(Includes description, design, and construction of systems, plants and equipment for

generation of power (heat and electricity) from non-atomic fuels, solar rays,

terrestrial heat, tides, and waves; see 785 for water-power

generation; see 815.2 for nuclear power generation)

772 Transportation engineering, railroads

(see 774 for highway engineering)

773 Tunnels and tunneling

774 Highway engineering

(Includes roads and pavements)

775 Bridge engineering

776 Pipelines and pipeline engineering

777 Well drilling and boring

(see 490 for water wells)

778 Hydraulic engineering and machinery

(Includes canals and channels)

779 Agricultural engineering

(Use only for comprehensive multi-topical and serial publications; see also 785, 790,

and 940)

780 Hydrology

(Includes supply of surface water, hydrography, and water budget; for supply of

groundwater, see 490)

780.01 Conferences

780.1 Water--juvenile literature

780.2 Hydrological instruments, measurements

(For stream measurements, see 783)

781 Rainfall

(Includes runoff, snow surveys, and stormwater management)

782 Evaporation and seepage

783 Stream measurements

(Includes stream surveys, streamflow, and so forth)

784 Water resources development

784.1 Water resources development conferences

785 Stream control, hydroelectric power, and water power

786 Restoration of land, reclamation of land from oceans, lakes, and so

forth. 

(For reclamation of mined lands see 585.5)

790 Water supply for agriculture, rural water supply, and irrigation

791 Supply and distribution of impounded waters

(Includes water storage, reservoirs, aqueducts, and dams; see 768.3 for soil

engineering aspects of dams; see 490 for supply and distribution of

groundwater)

793 Water conservation

(Includes water use; water for domestic, industrial, municipal, and military

use; waterworks, pumping stations, water mains , storm sewers, and

engineering aspects of water supply)

31
794 Purification of water supply

(Includes filtration, demineralization and desalinization; see 797 for water

quality)

795 Water pollution

(limited to water pollution since 1972; for general pollution, see 583)

795.3 Radioactive pollution of water and waste disposal

795.6 Thermal pollution of lakes, rivers, and so forth

796 Analysis of water

797 Water quality

(Includes composition of surface water, quality of water supplies, water

pollution control, and water chemistry)

798 Water rights, legislation, and so forth

799 Sewerage and sanitation

(Includes public health aspects)

799.3 Treatment and disposal

799.5 Industrial (factory and trade) and municipal wastes and their

disposal and recycling

799.7 Sewerage utilization

(Includes water reuse)

32
SECTION 9 -- PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY

(Add geographic numbers for regions as needed)

801 Conferences

802 Society publications

803 General treatises and textbooks

805 Encyclopedias, tables

806 Nomenclature and classification

807 History

808 Technique, laboratories

809 Essays, lectures, and miscellany

(Includes works on the theory of time, excluding geologic time)

810 Physics

810.3 General treatises and textbooks

810.6 Mathematical physics

811 Conferences

814 Weights and measures

(Includes works on the metric system)

814.8 Specific gravity

815 Constituents of matter, their nature and properties

(Includes molecular, atomic, nuclear, and particle physics)

815.1 Conferences

815.2 Nuclear engineering, nuclear power, and atomic power

(Includes economic aspects, peaceful uses, and power plants)

815.3 Encyclopedias

815.4 Quantum theory

815.5 Radioactivity

(see 838 for radiation)

815.6 Solid state

817 Materials sciences

(theoretical and experimental)

820 Mechanics, mass physics

821 Solids

821.5 Cratering, experimental (small scale)

821.6 Explosion craters, contained explosives

821.65 Nuclear cratering, nuclear explosions

822 Liquids

(Includes fluid dynamics, hydrostatics, fluid mechanics, flow of fluids

through a porous medium, permeability and porosity of porous media,

viscosity, and so forth)

822.3 Rheology

(Study of the deformation and flow of matter)

823 Gases and pneumatics

825 Sound, acoustics, and sound waves

827 High pressure research

33
828 Impact phenomena

(Includes physical studies of natural craters and their formation)

830 Heat

831 Apparatus

834 Thermodynamics

(Includes low and high temperature research)

835 Light

(Includes light waves, optics, optical absorption, spectroscopy, and so forth)

835.1 Conferences

835.7 Apparatus and instruments

(Includes lasers)

837 Photography

837.1 Microphotography or photomicrography

837.4 Holography

 (see 835 for theory)

837.5 Audiovisual technology

838 Radiation

(Includes radioisotopes, electromagnetic waves, particle emissions, X-rays,

and cosmic rays; see 815.5 for radioactivity)

840 Magnetism

(for geomagnetism , see 296)

845 Electricity

846 Theory

847 Experiments

848 Applications and apparatus

(Includes electrical engineering and electronics)

848.5 Components

(Includes devices, instruments and their applications, radios,

radar, semiconductors, and telecommunication)

849 Waves

(Includes vibrations and waves not specifically classified elsewhere; for

sound waves, see 825; for light waves, see 835; for electromagnetic waves,

X-rays, and cosmic rays, see 838)

850 Chemistry

850.1 Conferences

850.3 General treatises and textbooks

850.5 Encyclopedias, tables, and yearbooks

850.6 Nomenclature

850.7 History

850.8 Apparatus and laboratories

850.9 Collections and miscellany

851 Physical and theoretical chemistry

(Includes chemical crystallography)

852 Thermochemistry

(Study of the relationship between chemical action and heat)

853 Atomic theory

(Includes atomic weights, laws of chemical combination, and nature and

properties of chemical elements)

854 Conditions and laws of chemical change

(Includes catalysis and reaction velocity)

34
855 Theory of solution

(Includes colloids)

856 Radiochemistry

(Study of radioactive elements, natural and artificial, and their use in the

study of chemical processes)

860 Experimental chemistry

863 Equilibria

865 Electrochemistry

870 Inorganic chemistry

871 Nonmetallic elements

872 Metals, metallic elements, organometallic compounds

875 Organic chemistry

(Includes chemistry of hydrocarbons)

878 Biochemistry

(Includes bacterial chemistry)

880 Analytical chemistry

881 Qualitative analysis

(Includes spectrum analysis and Mossbauer spectrometry)

882 Micro-chemical analysis

883 Quantitative analysis

884 Volumetric analysis

(Includes gasometric analysis)

885 Electrolytic and magneto-chemical analysis)

886 Other specific methods of analysis

(Includes spectrographic X-ray, colorimetric, chromatographic analysis, gas

chromatography, and so forth; for theory of spectroscopy, see 835)

887 Analysis of inorganic materials

(Includes cast-iron, cobalt, copper, metals, minerals, rare earth, rocks, soils,

uranium, water, and so forth)

888 Analysis of organic materials

 (Includes coal, fossil biomaterials, fuels, organophosphorus compounds, and

so forth)

889 Synthesis

890 Chemical technology and engineering

890.1 Sorption: adsorption and absorption

(Includes sorbents)

892 Agricultural and soil chemistry

895 Alloys

896 Metallography of steel

(Includes microscopic research)

35
SECTION 10 -- BIOLOGY

(Add geographic numbers for regions as needed)

901 Conferences on life sciences in general

(See also 921 for conferences on botany and 971 for conferences on zoology)

902 Encyclopedias and handbooks

903 Natural history

904 Popular and older works

905 Biology

907 Bacteriology

(microbiology)

908 Technique

909 Miscellany and collections of wildlife

910 Anthropology

913 Instinct

915 Evolution, origin of life, extinction of species

917 Physiology

918 Distribution of plants and animals

919 Ecological studies

919.52 Coastal ecology

919.53 Marine ecology

919.54 Landform ecology

919.55 Freshwater ecology

919.67 Human ecology

919.92 Plant ecology

919.93 Savanna and grassland ecology

919.94 Soil ecology

919.97 Animal ecology

920 Botany

921 Conferences

923 Textbooks and general treatises

924 Elementary textbooks

925 Catalogs

926 Nomenclature and classification

927 History

928 Distribution of plants

929 Essays, collections, and special topics

930 Cryptogams

(Spore bearing plants including ferns, mosses, and fungi)

931 Thallophytes

(Includes fungi, algae (including diatoms) and lichens)

932 Bryophytes

(Includes mosses and liverworts)

933 Pteridophytes

(Includes ferns, horsetails, and club mosses)

935 Phanerogams

(seed or flowering plants)

936 Gymnosperms

(evergreens)

937 Angiosperms

(flowering plants)

36
938 Monocotyledons

(One seed leaf; includes grasses, bamboo, orchids, palms, and so forth;

formerly endogens)

939 Dicotyledons

(Two seed leaves, includes beech, chestnuts, elms, hickory, pecan, poplar,

oaks, and so forth; formerly exogens)

940 Agriculture and horticulture

941 Soil science

(Includes soils, soil classification, soil micromorphology, soil physics, soil

surveys, soil structure, agricultural aspects of soils, humus and loess; for soil

erosion, see 213; for soil formation, see 518; for soil mechanics, see 768; for

agricultural chemistry, see 892)

941.1 Soil conferences

944 Soil moisture

950 Forestry, reforestation, forest fires

970 Zoology

971 Conferences

973 Textbooks

974 Elementary, popular, and older works

975 Catalogs

976 Nomenclature and classification

977 History

978 Distribution of animals

979 Miscellany

980 Invertebrata

981 Protozoa

(Includes amoeba and foraminifera (Rhizopoda); Radiolaria; Heliozoa; also

includes paramecium (Ciliata); plankton, and so forth)

982 Coelenterata

(Includes sponges (Porifera), corals (Anthozoa), and hydra (Hydrozoa)

983 Echinodermata

(Includes Pelmatozoa: feather stars (Crinoidea), cystoids (Cystoidea),

blastoids (Blastoidea); Asterozoa: starfish (Asteroidea), brittle stars and

basket stars (Ophiuroidea); Echinoidea: sea urchins (Echinoidea), sea

cucumbers (Holothuroidea))

984 Vermes

(Worms: Platyhelminthes (flatworms), Nemathelminthes (roundworms), and

Annelida (earth worms))

985 Molluscoidea

(Bryozoa and Brachiopoda)

986 Mollusca

(Includes clams, oysters, and so forth; Bivalvia (lamellibranchiata or

pelecypoda); snails (Gastropoda); octopus, squids, nautilus, and so forth

(Cephalopoda); marine worms (Scaphopoda)

987 Arthropoda

(Includes crayfish and lobsters (Crustacea); spiders and scorpions

(Arachnida); centipedes and millipedes (Myriopoda); insects (Insecta)

989 Tunicata (sea squirts)

990 Vertebrata

991 Fish (Pisces)

37
993 Frogs, salamanders, and so forth (Amphibia)

995 Reptiles (Reptilia)

(Includes lizards, snakes, and turtles)

997 Birds (Aves)

999 Mammals (Mammalia)

38
SECTION 11 -- GEOGRAPHIC NAMES

Introduction

Geographic numbers are identified by the parentheses that enclose them. When

parenthetical numbers (100)-(950) are the only element of a classification number, they

represent the publications of the geological surveys of the world at the federal, state, and

provincial levels. For example, (100) represents the Geological Survey of Canada; (238)

represents the Geological Survey of Kentucky. When an agency performs the functions of

a geological survey although it has a name other than "geological survey", its

publications are classified as a "geological survey". Publications in this schedule include

monographs and serials.

(000) World

(used primarily for map classification)

(020) Space

(use with map classification)

CELESTIAL BODIES (025)-(037)

(use with map classification)

(025) Moon

(030) Jupiter

(030.1) Io

(030.2) Europa

(030.3) Ganymede

(030.4) Callisto

(030.5) Amalthea

(030.6) Ananke

(030.7) Carme

(030.8) Elara

(030.9) Himalia

(030.10) Leda

(030.11) Lysithea

(030.12) Pasiphae

(030.13) Sinope

(031) Mars

(031.1) Deimos

(031.2) Phobos

(032) Mercury

(033) Neptune

(033.1) Nereid

(033.2) Triton

(034) Pluto

(034.1) Charon

(035) Saturn

(035.1) Dione

(035.2) Enceladus

(035.3) Hyperion

(035.4) Iapetus

(035.5) Janus

(035.6) Mimas

39
(035.7) Phoebe

(035.8) Rhea

(035.9) Tethys

(035.10) Titan

(036) Uranus

(036.1) Ariel

(036.2) Miranda

(036.3) Oberon

(036.4) Titania

(036.5) Umbriel

(037) Venus

HEMISPHERE NUMBERS

(040) Northern Hemisphere

(041) Southern Hemisphere

(042) Western Hemisphere 

(includes The Americas)

(043) Eastern Hemisphere

(050) OCEANS AND SEAS OF THE WORLD

(051) Atlantic Ocean

(052) North Atlantic Ocean

(053) Hudson Bay and Hudson Strait

(054) Baffin Bay, Gulf of St. Lawrence, Davis Strait, Smith Sound, Kane Basin,

Labrador Sea

(055) Norwegian and Greenland Seas, Denmark Strait

(056) North Sea, Skagerak, English Channel

(057) Baltic Sea, Gulf of Riga, Mecklenburg Bay

(058) Celtic Sea, St. Georges Channel, Bristol Channel, Irish Sea, Solway Firth, North

Channel, Firth of Clyde

(059) Mediterranean Sea and straits

(includes Ligurian Sea, Tyrrenian Sea, Adriatic Sea, and Ionian Sea)

(060) Black Sea, Sea of Azov

(062) Gulf of Mexico, Sargasso Sea

(063) Caribbean Sea

(065) South Atlantic Ocean

(066) Scotia Sea

(067) Great Lakes, St. Lawrence Seaway

(068) Caspian Sea, Aral Sea

(070) Indian Ocean

(071) Arabian Sea

(072) Red Sea, Gulf of Aden

(073) Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman

(074) Bay of Bengal

(080) Pacific Ocean

(081) North Pacific Ocean, Philippine Sea

(082) Bering Sea

(083) Eastern Pacific, American coasts, Gulf of Alaska, and Gulf of California

(084) South Pacific, Tasman Sea, Coral Sea

40
(085) Indonesian and Micronesian Seas

(includes Timor, Arafura, Banda, Flores, Java, Celebes, and Sulu Seas, and others)

(086) South China Sea

(087) East China Sea, Yellow Sea, Formosa Strait

(088) Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk

(090) Arctic Ocean, Lincoln Sea

(091) Beaufort Sea, Northwest passages

(092) Barents Sea, White Sea

(093) Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, and Chukchi Seas

(096) Antarctic Sea

(includes Ross, Amundsen, Bellingshausen, and Weddell Seas)

CONTINENTS AND COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

Americas (see (042))

(099) NORTH AMERICA

(100) Canada

(110) New Brunswick

(120) Nova Scotia, Prince Edwards Island, Cape Breton Island

(130) Newfoundland

(135) Labrador

(use only with maps)

(137) St. Pierre et Miquelon

(includes other islands belonging to France)

(140) Quebec and Ungava

(150) Ontario

(160) Manitoba

(165) Saskatchewan

(170) Alberta

(180) British Columbia

(182) Yukon

(183) Northwest Territories

(as a whole)

(184) Mackenzie

(186) Keewatin

(188) Franklin

(190) Arctic America

(Canadian)

(200) United States

(207) Northeastern States

(208) Atlantic Coast

(210) New England

(211) Maine

(212) New Hampshire

(213) Vermont

(214) Massachusetts

(215) Rhode Island

(216) Connecticut

41
(220) Middle Atlantic States

(includes Appalachia)

(221) New York

(222) New Jersey

(223) Pennsylvania

(224) Delaware

(225) Maryland

(226) District of Columbia

(227) Virginia

(228) West Virginia

(229) Southern States

(230) Southern States, Eastern Section

(231) North Carolina

(232) South Carolina

(233) Georgia

(233.9) Gulf States

(234) Florida

(235) Alabama

(236) Mississippi

(237) Louisiana

(238) Kentucky

(239) Tennessee

(240) Southern States, Western Section

(241) Arkansas

 (243) Indian Territory

(244) Oklahoma

(245) Texas

(249) Central States 

(250) Central States, Eastern Section

(251) Ohio

(252) Indiana

(253) Illinois

(254) Wisconsin

(255 Michigan

(260) Central States, Western section

(261) Minnesota

(262) Iowa

(263) Missouri

(264) North Dakota

(265) South Dakota

(266) Nebraska

(267) Kansas

(269) Western States

(270) Southwestern States

(271) Colorado

(272) New Mexico

(273) Utah

(274) Arizona

(275) Nevada

(276) California

42
(280) Northwestern States

(281) Montana

(282) Wyoming

(includes Yellowstone National Park)

(283) Idaho

(284) Washington

(285) Oregon

(286) Alaska

(includes Aleutian Islands)

(289) Pacific Coast

Geographic numbers for the following U.S. territories

located outside the conterminous United States

are assigned to the region in which they are located:

American Samoa, see (960)

Guam, see (970)

Hawaii, see (950)

Puerto Rico, see (394)

U.S. Virgin Islands, see (394.1) 

(299) LATIN AMERICA

(300) Mexico

(310) Free Zone and Northern States

Tamaulipas

Nuevo Leon

Coahuila

Chihuahua

Sonora

Durango

(320) Lower California and Islands

(Baja California: Baja Sur, Baja Norte)

(330) Central Pacific States

Jalisco

Colima

Michoacan

Nayarit

(340) Interior States

Zacatecas

San Luis Potosi

Aguascalientes

Guanajuato

Queretaro

Hidalgo

Puebla

Tlaxcala

Morelos

(350) Mexico State

Mexico City and environs

43
Mexico

(Federal District)

(360) Southern Gulf States

Veracruz

Tabasco

Campeche

Yucatan

Quintana Roo

(370) Southern Pacific States

Queretaro

Oaxaca

Tehuantepec, Isthmus of

Chiapas

(380) CENTRAL AMERICA

(381) Guatemala

(382) Belize

(formerly British Honduras)

(383) Honduras

(384) El Salvador

(385) Nicaragua

(386) Costa Rica

(387) Panama and Panama Canal

(390) West Indies

(includes Caribbean Region)

(391) Cuba

(392) Jamaica

(392.2) Cayman Islands

(393) Hispaniola 

 (393.3) Haiti

(393.5) Dominican Republic

(formerly Santo Domingo)

(394) Puerto Rico

(394.1) Virgin Islands

(394.2) British Virgin Islands

(394.3) Trinidad and Tobago

(395) Bahamas, Turks, and Caicos Islands

(396) Leeward Islands

(includes Anguilla, Antigua, Barbuda, Montserrat, Nevis, Redonda,

Saba, St. Christopher, St. Martin, St. Eustatius, and Sombrero)

(397) Windward Islands

(includes Martinique, Guadeloupe, Dominica, St. Lucia, St. 

Vincent, Grenada, and the Grenadines Islands)

(397.1) Barbados

(398) Bermuda

(399) The Netherlands Antilles

(includes Dutch Antilles; including Curacao, Aruba, and Bonaire)

44
(400) SOUTH AMERICA

(410) Brazil

(420) Argentina

(429) Patagonia

(430) Chile

(440) Bolivia

(450) Peru

(460) Colombia

(465) Ecuador

(470) Venezuela

(480) Guyana

(481) French Guiana

(482) Surinam

(formerly Netherlands Guiana or Dutch Guiana)

(490) Uruguay

(492) Paraguay

(497) Falkland Islands

(includes South Georgia and South Sandwich Islands)

(500) EUROPE

(510) Great Britain

(511) Islands of northern Great Britain

(includes Orkney Islands, Fair Island, Shetland (Zetland) Islands, Hebrides: Outer

Hebrides: Lewis and Harris, North Uist, South Uist, Barra, St. Kilda, and Flannan

Islands; Inner Hebrides: Skye, Mull, Islay Islands, and other lesser islands and

islets)

(512) Scotland

(515) Ireland

(Eire)

(516) Northern Ireland

(520) England and Wales

(520.5) Colonial geological surveys

(521) Islands of the Irish Sea: Isle of Man and so forth; Islands of St.

Georges Channel: Lundy Island, Isles of Scilly, and so forth;

Channel Islands: Alderney, Guernsey, Jersey, and Sark

(530) Germany, German Federal Republic

(530.11) Lower Saxony 

(Niedersachsen)

(530.111) Hamburg

(530.112) Bremen

(530.12) Bavaria (Bayern)

(530.13) Rhineland-Palatinate

(Rheinland-Pfalz)

(530.14) Baden-Wurttemberg

(530.15) North Rhine-Westphalia

(Nordrhein-Westfalen)

(530.16) Hessen

(530.17 Schleswig-Holstein

(530.18) Saarland

45
(530.19) Berlin 

(includes West Berlin and the reunified city 1990- ) 

(530.21) Saxony-Anhalt

(Sachsen-Anhalt)

(530.22) Brandenburg

(530.3) Saxony 

(Sachsen; discontinued 1945-1989; reinstated with the 

unification of Germany, 1990- )

(530.35) Thuringia

(Thuringen; discontinued 1945-1989; reinstated with the unification of

Germany, 1990- )

(530.7) Mecklenburg-Vorpommern

(discontinued 1945-1989; reinstated with the unification of Germany, 1990-) 

Discontinued numbers:

*(530.1) Prussia, *(530.2) Bavaria,

*(530.4) Wurttemberg, *(530.5) Baden,

*(530.6) Hesse, *(530.75) Schleswig-Holstein,

*(530.8) Brunswick, *(530.85) Hanover-Celle,

*(530.9) Alsace-Lorraine (before Nov. 1918) 

(531) German Democratic Republic 1949-1990

(East Germany; includes the following districts: Cottbus, Dresden, East Berlin,

Erfurt, Frankfurt, Gera, Halle, Karl-Marx-Stadt, Leipzig, Magdeburg,

Neubrandenburg, Potsdam, Rostock, Schwerin, and Suhl)

(532) Czechoslovakia

(532.2) Czech Republic

(532.3) Slovakia

(533) Austria

(533.1) Galicia

(534) Hungary

(534.1) Croatia-Slovenia before 1914

(535) Switzerland

(536) Liechtenstein

(540) France

(includes Corsica (Corse))

(540.7) Alsace-Lorraine (after Nov. 1918)

(548) Monaco

(550) Italy

(includes the Mediterranean islands of Sardinia and the Tuscan Archipelago: 

Montecristo, Giglio, Pianosa, Capraia, Elba, etc.; Lipari Islands: Stromboli, Vulcano, Salina,

and so forth; Sicily; and Pantelleria)

(551) San Marino

(559) Iberian Peninsula

(560) Spain

(includes Gibraltar and Balearic Islands)

(565) Andorra

(569) Portugal

(570) Russia (1992)

(includes European Russia, Kaliningrad, Orenburg, Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk oblasts;

46
use also for the former Soviet Union (including Russian S.F.S.R., U.S.S.R., European

R.S.F.S.R. until 1992))

(571) Ukraine

(571.1) Moldova

(1993)

(572) The Caucasus

(572.1) Armenia

(1993)

(572.2) Azerbaijan

(1993)

(572.3) Georgia

(1993)

(573) Estonia

(574) Latvia

(575) Lithuania

(576) Baltic region

(577) Belarus

(Byelorussia, White Russia)

(578) Poland

(579) Finland

(580) Scandinavia

(581) Norway

(583) Sweden

(585) Denmark

(585.5) Faeroe Islands

(587) Iceland

(590) Other European countries

(591) Netherlands

(592) Luxembourg

(593) Belgium

(594) Romania

(595) Bulgaria

(596) Yugoslavia

(includes Serbia and Montenegro until 1992)

(596.1) Croatia

(596.2) Serbia

(1993)

(596.3) Slovenia

(596.4) Bosnia-Herzegovina

(596.41) Montenegro

(or Crna Gora, also Tsernagora; 1993)

(596.5) Macedonia

(596.6) Albania

(597) Greece

(includes Ionian Islands and Crete)

Turkey

(see (680))

(599) Malta

Cyprus

(see (684))

47
(600) ASIA

(610) China

(610.1) Fukien

(610.12) Heilungkiang

(610.2) Honan

(610.21) Hopeh

(610.3) Hunan

(610.31) Hupeh

(610.32) Kansu

(610.4) Kiangsi

(610.41) Kiangsu

(610.42) Kirin

(610.5) Kwangtung

(610.51) Macau (Macao) and Hong Kong

(610.6) Kweichow

(610.61) Liaoning

(610.62) Shansi

(610.63) Shantung

(610.64) Shensi

(610.7) Sinkiang-Uighur

(610.8) Szechwan

(610.81) Tsinghai

(610.82) Yunnan

(610.83) Anhwei

(610.84) Chekiang

(610.9) Autonomous regions

(610.91) Inner Mongolia

(610.92) Kwangsi Chaung

(610.93) Ningsia Hui

(611) Taiwan (Formosa)

(615) Nepal, Bhutan, central Asia and area northwest of Tibet, and Sikkim

(before 1975, class as independent state; after 1975, class as province of India at

(641.71))

(616) Tibet

(618) Manchuria

(after 1949, roughly identical with Chinese provinces of Hielungkiang, Kirwin, and

Liaoning)

(619) Mongolian People's Republic

(includes Mongolia, formerly Outer Mongolia, a Chinese province)

(620) Japan

(625) Korea

(629) Southeastern Asia

(630) Indo-China

(631) Vietnam

(633) Laos

(634) Cambodia

(635) Thailand

(formerly Siam)

(637) Malay States

(after 1963, see Malaysia 911)

48
(638) Chagos Archipelago

(639) Islands of South China Sea and other isolated Asian islands.

(640) India

(640.2) Assam

(640.3) Gujarat

(640.4) Bihar

(640.5) Harayana

(640.51) Himachal Pradesh

(640.6) Rajasthan

(640.7) Kerala

(formerly Travancore)

(640.8) Uttar Pradesh

(641.3) Manipur

(641.4) Meghalaya

(641.41) Marharashtra

(641.5) Nagaland

(641.6) Orissa

(641.7) Punjab

(641.71) Sikkim

(641.8) Tripura

(642) Tamil Nadu

(formerly Madras)

(643) Rewa

(now in Madhya Pradesh)

(643.2) West Bengal

(643.3) Jammu and Kashmir

(644) Madhya Pradesh

(645) Karnataka

(formerly Mysore)

(646) Andra Pradesh

(646.2) Union Territories

(includes Andaman and Nicobar, Arunachal Pradesh, Chandigarh, Dadra and

Nagar Haveli, Delhi, Goa, Daman, Diu, Lakshadweep, Mizoram, and

Pondicherry)

(647) Burma

(Myanmar)

(648) Pakistan

(formerly West Pakistan; includes Punjab, Sind, North-West Frontier Province, and

most of Baluchistan; see (660) for Iranian Baluchistan)

(648.5) Bangladesh

(formerly East Pakistan)

(649) Sri Lanka

(formerly Ceylon)

 (650) MIDDLE EAST AND NEAR EAST

(655) Afghanistan

(660) Iran

(formerly Persia; includes part of Baluchistan; see (648) for Pakistani Baluchistan)

(664) Arabian Peninsula

49
(665) Iraq

(formerly Mesopotamia)

(670) Saudi Arabia

(671) Yemen

(Yemen Arab Republic; Yemen (San'a))

(672) Oman

(formerly Muscat and Oman)

(673) People's Democratic Republic of Yemen

(formerly Aden, Socotra, South Yemen, South Arabia)

(674) Kuwait

(675) Bahrain, Qatar, and United Arab Emirates

(formerly Trucial States; includes Abu Dhabi, Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras,

Al-Khaimah, Sharjah, and Umm al-Qaiwain)

(680) Turkey

(681) Israel

(includes Palestine)

(682) Syria

(683) Lebanon

(684) Cyprus

(685) Jordan

(690) SIBERIA

(690.2) Western Siberia

(includes Kurgan, Tyumen, Omsk, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Kemerovo oblasts; Altay

Kray (including the Sayan Mountains); see (570) for Orenburg, Chelyabinsk, and

Sverdlovsk oblasts)

(690.3) Eastern Siberia

(includes Krasnoyarsk Kray, Sakha or Yakutia ( formerly Yakut A.S.S.R.), Buryatia

(formerly Buryat A.S.S.R), Tuva (formerly Tuva A.S.S.R.), Irkutsk and Chita

oblasts, Transbaikalia, and Taymyr Peninsula)

(691) Far Eastern Siberia (formerly Soviet Far East) 

(includes Magadan, Kamchatka, Amur oblasts, Khabarovsk, and Primorski Kray

(formerly Maritime Territory))

(693) Sakhalin Oblast and Kurile Islands

(693.5) Central Asian region 

(formerly Soviet Central Asia)

(694) Tajikistan

(695) Kazakstan

(695.3) Turkmenistan

(695.6) Kyrgyzstan

(696) Uzbekistan

*(697) Eastern Siberia

(discontinued 1975, see (690.3))

(699) Eurasia

(700) AFRICA

(710) North Africa

50
(710.1) Libya

(includes the former provinces of Tripolitania, Cyrenaica, Fezzan, and Barka

(Barca))

(720) Egypt

(includes the Nile country, Sinai, and Suez Canal)

(720.5) Sudan

(formerly Anglo-Egyptian Sudan)

(730) Algeria 

(735) Tunisia

(740) Morocco

(includes Spanish Morocco, Tangier, and Ifni)

(741) Western Sahara

(formerly Spanish Sahara)

(741.5) Equatorial Guinea

(formerly Spanish Guinea)

(742) Guinea-Bissau

(formerly Portuguese Guinea)

(743) Mali

(formerly French Sudan)

(744) Mauritania

(745) Guinea Republic

(formerly French Guinea)

(746) Cote d’Ivoire

( formerly Ivory Coast)

(747) Burkina Faso

(formerly Upper Volta)

(747.5) Benin

(formerly Dahomey)

(748) Togo

(or Togolese Republic; formerly French Togo)

(749) Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, and Cape Verde Islands

(749.5) South Atlantic Islands

(includes Ascension, St. Helena, and Tristan da Cunha)

(750) West African Region

(includes Western Sahara and Central Africa)

(750.1) Niger Republic

(751) Cameroon

(751.5) St. Thomas and Principe

(752) Nigeria

(753) Ghana

(formerly Gold Coast)

(754) Liberia

(755) Sierra Leone

(756) Central African Republic

(formerly French West Africa)

(756.2) Senegal

(756.4) Gabon

(757) Chad

*(758) French Equatorial Africa

(discontinued 1972; see Chad, Gabon, Congo, or Central African Republic)

51
(759) Gambia

(760) Zimbabwe

(formerly Rhodesia, Southern Rhodesia)

(761) Zambia

(formerly Northern Rhodesia)

(763) Congo, Republic of

( formerly Congo (Brazzaville))

(764) Congo, Democratic Republic of

(formerly Zaire; Belgian Congo)

(768) Angola

(formerly Portuguese West Africa)

(769) East African Region

(includes Horn of Africa)

(770) Burundi

(771) Rwanda

(772) Ethiopia

(formerly Abyssinia)

(772.1) Eritrea

(772.5) Djibouti, Afars, and Issas

(773) Somalia

(formerly Somaliland)

(774) Tanzania

(formerly Tanganyika; includes the Island of Zanzibar (see (779), Pemba,

and Mafia)

(775) Kenya

(formerly British East Africa)

(776) Uganda

(777) Malawi

(formerly Nyasaland)

(778) Mozambique

(779) Zanzibar

(In 1964 became part of Tanzania)

(780) South African Region

(includes Matebele Kingdom)

(780.4) Botswana

(formerly Bechuanaland)

(781) Namibia

(formerly Southwest Africa; includes Damaraland and Namaqualand

(Namaland, Great Namaqualand, or Great Namaland)

(782) Cape of Good Hope

(formerly Cape Colony)

(783) Orange Free State

(formerly Orange River Colony)

(784) South African Republic

(785) Transvaal

(786) Natal

(includes Zululand)

(786.5) Lesotho

(formerly Basutoland)

52
(787) Republic of South Africa

(formerly Union of South Africa; includes Little Namaland of Little

Namaqualand)

(788) Swaziland

(790) Madagascar

(formerly Malagasy Republic)

(791) Reunion Islands

(792) Mauritius

(795) Comoro, Seychelles, Cocos-Keeling, Maldive Islands, and unspecified Indian

Ocean Islands

(800)-(890) AUSTRALIA, TASMANIA, AND NEW ZEALAND

(800) Australia

(810) Queensland

(820) New South Wales

(830) Victoria

(840) South Australia

(845) Northern Territory

(860) Western Australia

(880) Tasmania

(890) New Zealand

(899) Islands off the coast of Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, and other Australasian

islands not included in Oceania.

 (900) OCEANIA AND THE MALAY ARCHIPELAGO

(910) Indonesia

(includes Bali, Bangka, Ceram (Seram), Dutch East Indies, Flores, Java, Kalimantan (south,

central, east, and west Borneo), Lumbok, Madura, Moluccas (Maluku), Nusa Tenggara

(West Timor), Sumatra, Sumba, Sumbawa, Timor (East Timor), West Irian (western half of

New Guinea))

(911) Malaysia

(includes Malayan states, and Sabah, Sarawak, and Brunei (North Borneo)) 

(912) Singapore

(920) The Philippines

(930) Melanesia

(includes Papua New Guinea and Bismarck Archipelago (New Britain, New Ireland, 

New Hanover), and Admiralty Islands)

(933) New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands

(935) Vanuatu

(formerly New Hebrides)

(937) Solomon Islands

(940) Micronesia

(includes Caroline, Ladrone, Marianas, Marshall, Gilbert, and Palau Islands; Nauru

 and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands)

(950) Hawaii

(960) Polynesia

(includes French Polynesia: Marquesas, Society (includes Tahiti and Bora-Bora), Gambier,

Tubuai Islands (Austral Islands), and Tuamotu Archipelago; Cook, Ellice, Tokelau, Phoenix,

53
 and Line Islands; Samoa, Tonga (Friendly Islands), Midway, Horn, Johnston, Easter,

Palymyra, Howard, Baker, Fiji Islands)

(970) Guam and other isolated islands 

(includes Bonin, Marcus, Galapagos Islands, and so forth)

(979) Other isolated islands of Oceania 

(980) Arctic regions

(includes Baffin Island (formerly Baffin Land), Greenland, Svalbard, and so forth)

(990) Antarctic regions

(995) Polar regions

54
SECTION 12 -- PUBLICATIONS OF GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS, EARTH SCIENCE,

GENERAL SCIENCE, AND GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT SERIALS

 1. Publications of Geological Surveys.

The geological survey schedule contains the monographs and serials issued by the

geological surveys of the world and those agencies that perform the functions of

geological surveys. Typical numbers consist of a geographical number followed by

a shelf list number and ending with a date. For example, (200) R29o is the call

number for the serial "U.S. Geological Survey open-file reports”. For complete

instructions on the construction of geological survey call numbers see the

introduction.

 2. Earth science serials: G(100)-G(995)

 a. This schedule contains the serial publications of earth science associations,

societies, institutes, earth science departments of universities, and geology

oriented publisher's series. Typical call numbers consist of classification 

numbers (G added to a geographic number (see Section 11), shelf list

numbers), and title marks. For detailed instructions on the construction of

call numbers, see the introduction. Monographic publications by these

institutions are classified in the subject schedule (see Sections 1-10).

 b. Serials with the following subject matter are classified in the G schedule:

Economic geology

Geochemistry

Geodynamics

Geology

Historical geology

Mineralogy

Neotectonics

Ore deposits

Paleontology

Petrology

Physical geology

Stratigraphic geology

Structural geology

 Tectonics

3. General science serials--S(100)-S(995)

a. The S schedule contains serials issued by general science societies,

associations, institutes, university science departments, and science

publishers. Typical call numbers contain elements similar to those found in

the G schedule. For detailed instructions on the classification of serials in

the S schedule, see the introduction. All monographic publications issued

by these institutions are classified in the subject schedule.

b. Although this section was originally designed for general science subjects

excluding the earth sciences, over the years some earth science subjects were

55
included here, namely: earthquakes, seismology, geophysics, geothermal

resources, geysers, and glaciology. The following subjects are classified in

the S schedule:

Astronomy

Biology

Chemistry

Computer science 

(canceled in 1998; class computer science periodicals in 034.5-039.8)

Conservation

Earthquakes

Engineering

Environment

Geography

Geomorphology

Geophysics

Geothermal resources

Geysers

Glaciology

Groundwater

Hydrology

Hydrogeology

 Mathematics

Metals

Mineral industries

Mines and mineral resources

Natural gas

Natural resources

Oceanography

Petroleum

Physics

Pollution

Precious stones

Remote sensing

4. Serials of government agencies--P(100)-P(995)

This schedule contains the serial publications of federal, state, provincial, and local

agencies throughout the world, with the exception of the publications of mineral and

mining bureaus (see Section 5, Mines and Mineral Resources at 402). Also

excluded are the publications of the geological surveys of the world (see Section

11). The monographic works of these agencies are classified in the subject schedule

(see Sections 1-10). From 1976 to 1989 most monographic government documents

were included in the “P” schedule. The current policy is to classify them in the

subject schedule (see Sections 1-10).

5. Serials not classified in "G", "P", or "S":

Periodicals that are international in scope or published by an international body.

034.5-039.8 Computer science periodicals

56
041, 042 Bibliographies

045.1 Library science periodicals

055 Statistical yearbooks

056-057 Periodical directories

402 Publications of mining and mineral bureaus including

periodicals and monographs

602 Periodicals of paleontological societies, institutes, and

associations; museums of natural history, university

paleontological departments and laboratories; local

government departments of paleontology, museums of natural

history, and local paleontological laboratories.

780 Prior to 1983 some state and local government hydrology

publications were included in this number. After 1983 the

policy is to classify all hydrology periodicals in S schedule

with the exceptions of state and local government

publications which are classified in P(XXX). 

(100)-(995) Publications of geological surveys 

57
SECTION 13 -- INDEX TO THE CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

* Denotes classification numbers used in earlier editions of the system and not currently used.

Abbreviations 051.2

Abrasive materials 447

Abu Dhabi (675)

Abyssinia, see Ethiopia (772)

Acid deposition 583

Acid rain 583 

Acoustics 825

Actinide series 439.4

Actinium 439.4

Actinolite 446.1

Aden (673)

Aden, Gulf of (072)

Administration 065.1

Administrative management 065.1

Adriatic Sea (059)

Aerial photography 753.5

Aerial surveying 753.5

Aerolites, see Meteorites 130

Aeromagnetism 296

Afars and Issas (772.5)

Afghanistan (655)

Africa (700)

* Africa, French Equatorial (758)

Africa, French West, see

 Central African Republic (756)

Africa, North (710)

Africa, West Central, see

 West and Central Africa (750)

Agate 485

Age determination 315

Aggregate 479

Agricultural chemistry 892

Agricultural engineering 779

Agricultural water-supply 790

Agriculture 940

Agronomy (soil science) 941

Air pollution 514

Alabama (235)

Alaska (286)

Alaska, Gulf of (083)

Albania (596.6)

Alberta (170)

Aleutian Islands (286)

Algae 931 

Algae (fossil) 697.1

Algebra 712

Algeria (730)

Alkali earth metals 439.2

Alkali metals 439.21

Alloys 895

Alluvium 546

Almanacs 055

Alsace-Lorraine *(530.9) (540.7)

Altitudes 752

Alum 444

Alum stone 444

Aluminum 438

Alunite 444

Amalthea (030.5)

Amber 469

American coasts (083)

American Samoa (960)

Americium 439.4

Amethyst 489

Ammonites 659

Amosite 446.1

Amphibia 993

Amphibia (fossil) 673

Amphiboles 446.1

Amphineura 657

Amundsen Sea (096)

Ananke (030.6)

Analytical chemistry 880

Analytical geometry 715

Andhra Pradesh (646)

Andorra (565)

Angiosperms 937

Angiosperms (fossil) 698.4

Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, see

 Sudan (720.5)

Angola (768)

Anguilla (396)

Animal ecology 919.97

Animals and plants, 

 distribution of 918

Animals, distribution of 978

Annelida 984

Annelida (fossil) 645

Antarctic regions (990)

Antarctic Sea (096)

Antarctica (990)

Anthophyllite 446.1

Anthozoa 982

Anthozoa (fossil) 625

58
Anthracite 462

Anthropology 910

Antigorite 446.2

Antigua (396)

Antilles, Netherlands (399)

Antimonates 126.4

Antimonides 122

Antimony 437

Apatite 443

Appalachian region (220)

Aqueducts 791

Aquifers 490

Arabia (670)

Arabian Sea (071)

Arachnida 987

Arachnida (fossil) 665

Arafura Sea (085)

Aral Sea (068)

Archean

 stratigraphy 320.1

 paleontology 681.1

Archeology 679.91

Archives 047

Arctic America (Canadian) (190)

Arctic regions (980)

Arctic Ocean (090)

Argentina (420)

Argon 439.7

Ariel (036.1)

Arithmetic 711

Arizona (274)

Arkansas (241)

Armenia (572)

Armenia, Turkish (680)

Arsenates 126.4

Arsenic 439.5

Arsenides 122

Artesian wells 492

Arthropoda 987

Arthropoda (fossil) 660

Arctic Ocean (090)

Artificial intelligence 039.7

Artificial satellites 739 

Asbestos 446

Ascension Island (749.5)

Asia (600)

Asphalt 465

Assaying 429.8

Astatine 439.6

Asteroidea 983

Asteroidea (fossil) 636

Asteroids 734.3

Asterozoa 983

Asterozoa (fossil) 634

Astrogeology 737

Astronomical instruments 730.6

Astronomy 730

 theoretical 731

 practical 732

 spherical 733

 descriptive 734

 planetary 735

Astrophysics 730.1

Atlantic Coast (U.S.) (208)

Atlantic Ocean (051)

Atlases (geological) 308

Atlases (geographical) 508

Atmospheric physics 511

Atmospheric agencies 211

Atomic power 815.2

Atomic theory 853

Atomic weights 853

Attapulgite 441

Austral Islands (960)

Australia (800)

Austria (533)

Author bibliography 043

Automated cartography 759.5

Automated photogrammetry 753.2

Automation, libraries 046.7

Avalanches 245

Aves 997

Aves (fossil) 677

Azerbaijan (572)

Azerbaijan S.S.R., see

 Azerbaijan (572)

Azores (749)

Azov Sea (060)

Bacterial chemistry 878

Bacteriology 907

*Baden (530.5)

Baden-Wurttemburg (530.14)

Baffin Bay (054)

Baffin Land (980)

Bahamas (395)

Bahrain (675)

Baltic region (576)

Baltic Sea (057)

Baluchistan

 Irani territory (660)

 Pakistani territory (648)

59
Banda Sea (085)

Bangladesh (648.5)

Barbados (397.1)

Barbuda (396)

Barca (710)

Barents Sea (092)

Barium 439.2

Barites 448.1

Barrier islands 521

Basalt 170

Base measuring 742

Basutoland, see Lesotho (786.5)

Bathymetry 536

Batrachia, see Amphibia 993

Batrachia (fossil), see

 Amphibia (fossil) 673

Bauxite 441

Bays 558

Bavaria *(530.2) (530.12)

Beaches 521

Bechuanaland, see Botswana (780.4)

Bedrock geology 260

Belarus (577)

Belgian Congo, see Democratic

 Republic of the Congo (764)

Belgium (593)

Belize (382)

Bellingshausen Sea (096)

Bengal, Bay of (074)

Bengal, West (643.2)

Benin (747.5)

Bering Sea (082)

Bermuda (398)

Beryllium 439.2

Beaufort Sea (091)

Bhutan (615)

Bibliography

 national 041

 subjects 042

 author 043

Bibliography of 

 geographical maps 508.4

 geological maps 308.4

Bihar (640.4)

Biochemistry 878

Biogeochemistry 298.3

Biography 080

Biology 905

Biomineralization 298.3

Biotite 446.3

Birds 997

Birds (fossil) 677

Bismuth 439

Bituminous 463

Bivalvia 986

Bivalvia (fossil) 655

Black Sea (060)

Blastoidea 983

Blastoidea (fossil) 633

Bolivia (440)

Bora-Bora (960)

Borates 126.3

Boring 777

Borneo, Central (910)

Borneo, North (911)

Boron 439.5

Botany 920

Botswana (780.4)

Boundary surveying 755

Brachiopoda 985

Brachiopoda (fossil) 652

Brazil (410)

Bremen (530.112)

Brick 441.1

Bridges (construction) 769

Bridges (engineering) 775

Bristol Channel (058)

British Columbia (180)

British East Africa,

 see Kenya (775) 

British Guinea, see Guyana (480)

British Honduras, see Belize (382)

British Isles (510)

British South-West Africa,

 see Namibia (781)

British Virgin Islands (394.2)

Bromides 124

Bromine 439.6

Brunei (911)

*Brunswick (530.8)

Bryophytes 932

Bryophytes (fossil) 697.2

Bryozoa 985

Bryozoa (fossil) 651

Building stones 470

Buildings (construction) 769

Building (effects of earthquakes) 240.2

Bulgaria (595)

Burkina Faso (747)

Burma, Union of (647)

Burundi (770)

Byelorussian S.S.R., see

 Belarus (577)

60
Cadmium 439

Calcium 439.2

Calculus 716

Callisto (030.4)

California (276)

California, Gulf of (083)

California, Lower (Mexico) (320)

Californium 439.4

Cambodia (634)

Cambrian

 stratigraphy 332

 stratigraphic paleontology 683

Cameroon (751)

Campeche (360)

Canada (100)

Canals 778

Canary Islands (749)

Cape Breton Island (120)

Cape Colony, see

 Cape of Good Hope (782) 

Cape of Good Hope (782) 

Cape Verde Islands (749)

Carbon and compounds 460

Carbonate rocks 180

Carbonates

 mineralogy 126.1

 mineral resources 454

Carboniferous

 stratigraphy 336

 stratigraphic paleontology 687

Caribbean Sea (063)

Carme (030.7)

Caroline Islands (940)

Cartography 759

Cartography (automated) 759.5

Caspian Sea (068)

Catalog of research grants 048

Cataloging (libraries) 045.6

Catalog of maps

 geographical 508.4

 geological 308.4

Cataracts 553

Caucasus (572)

Caustobioliths 464.1

Caustoliths 464.1

Caustophytoliths 464.1

Caustozooliths 464.1

Caves 547

Cayman Islands (392.2)

CD-ROM 038.6

Celebes (910)

Celebes Sea (085)

Celtic Sea (058)

Cement 442

Cenozoic

 stratigraphy 350

 stratigraphic paleontology 689

Central African Republic (756)

Central America (380)

Cephalopoda 986

Cephalopoda (fossil) 659

Ceramic materials 441

Ceramics 441.1

Cerium 439.3

Cesium 439.21

Ceylon, see Sri Lanka (649)

Chad (757)

Chagos Archipelago (638)

Chalk 454

Channels 778

Charon (034.1)

Chemical analysis

 general 880

 rocks 155

 underground water 495

 surface water 796

 inorganic materials 887

 organic materials 888

Chemical engineering 890

Chemical mineralogy 119

Chemistry 850

Chemistry bibliography 042.85

Chemistry (colloid) 855

Chile (430)

China (610)

Chlorides 124

Chlorine 439.6

Chromates 126.6

Chromatographic analysis 886

Chromium 439

Chrysolite 446.2

Chukchi Sea (093)

City planning 065.3

Clay 441

Clay minerals 441

Clay products 441.1

Climate 512

Climatic changes 512

Climatology 512

Cloud physics 511

Clyde, Firth of (058)

Cnidaria, see 

 Coelenterata 982

61
Cnidaria (fossil), see

 Coelenterata (fossil) 620

Coal 461

Coal congresses 461.1

Coal desulfurization 461.3

Coal liquefaction 461.4

Coal production (environmental

 aspects) 461.3

Coal technology 461.4

Coast, Atlantic (208)

Coast, Gulf of (233.9)

Coastal engineering 521

Coastal zone conferences 521.1

Coastal zone management 521

Coasts 521

Cobalt 436

Coelenterata 982

Coelenterata (fossil) 620

Cold region construction 256.2

Collections (general) 090

Colloid chemistry 855

Colombia (460)

Colorado (271)

Coloring 758

Columbium (niobium) 439

Comets 734.7

Composition (writing) 053

Composition of matter 815

Computerized mapping 759.5

Computers 036

Conchology 986

Conchology (fossil) 654

Concretions 272

Conglomerates 453

Congo, Brazzaville, see Congo,

 Republic of (763)

Congo, Democratic Republic

 of the (764)

Congo, Republic of (763)

Congresses

 general scientific 031

 mineralogy 101

 geological 201

 mineral resources 401

 geomorphology, geography 501

 paleontology 601

 mathematics 701

 physics 801

 biology 901

 see also under individual

 subjects

Connecticut (216)

Conodonts 611

Conservation of natural 

 resources 585

Construction and cold region

 conditions 256.2

Construction materials

 road materials 479

 general 766

Contamination of groundwater 494

Continental drift 311

Continental margins 523

Continental shelf 523

Continents 520

 prehistoric 365

Contracts (engineering) 763

Cook Islands (960)

Copper

 metal 434

 metallurgy 429.4

Copyright 059

Coral reefs 525

Coral Sea (084)

Corals 982

Corals (fossil) 625

Corundum 447

Corsica (540)

Cosmic dust 734.2

Cosmic physics 295.3

Cosmogony (cosmology) 738

Costa Rica (386)

Cote d’Ivoire (746)

Cratering

 small scale 821.5 

 experimental 821.5

 explosion 821.6

 nuclear 821.65

Craters 828

Cretaceous 

 stratigraphy 343

 stratigraphic paleontology 688.7

Crete (597)

Crinoidea 983

Crinoidea (fossil) 632

Crna Gora (596)

Croatia (596.1)

Crocidolite 446.1

Crustacea 987

Crustacea (fossil) 662

Crushed stone 479

62
Cryptogams 930

Cryptogams (fossil) 697

Crystalline rocks 185

Crystallography 110

Crystallography

 (mathematical) 111

Crystallization 112

Crystals 112

Cuba (391)

Curium 439.4

Currents (ocean) 531

Cyanite 453

Cyprus (684)

Cyrenaica (710)

Cystoidea 983

Cystoidea (fossil) 632

Cystoids 983

Cystoids (fossil) 632

Czech Republic (532.2)

Czechoslovakia (532)

Dahomey, see Benin (747.5)

Damaraland, see Namibia (781)

Dams 768.3

 water storage 791

Data and image processing 036.5

Davis Strait (054)

Deep sea drilling 537

Deep sea drilling project 536

Deformations 270

Delaware (224)

Deltas 552

Democratic Republic of the

 Congo (764)

Demographics and environment 585.4

Denmark (585)

Denmark Strait (055)

Desalination of water 794

Description and travel 590

Descriptive mineralogy 120

Descriptors (cataloging) 045.6

Deserts 548

Desertification 548

Designs (engineering) 764

Detritus 213

Devonian 

 stratigraphy 335

 stratigraphic paleontology 686

Diagenesis 213

Diamonds 481

Diatomaceous earth 459

Diatomite 459

Diatoms 931

Diatoms (fossil) 697.1

Dicotyledons 939

Dicotyledons (fossil) 698.6

Dictionaries 

 general 050

 bilingual and polyglot 051

 technical 051.1

Digital cartography 759.5

Dikes 411

Dinosaurs 675

Dione (035.1)

Directories

 membership list 056

 organizations 057

Disaster relief 249

Disasters 249

Distribution of animals 978

Distribution of plants 928

Distribution of plants and

 animals 918

District of Columbia (226)

Djibouti (772.5)

Dolomite 

 petrology 180

 mineral resources 454

Domes 270

Dominica (397)

Dominican Republic (393.5)

Drainage 555

Drawing and lettering 757

Drawings (engineering) 764

Drift (eolian) 211

Drift (glaciology) 250

Drift (sediments) 213

Droughts 516

Drumlins 251

Dunes 549

Dutch Antilles (399)

Dutch East Indies, see

 Indonesia (910)

Dutch Guiana (Surinam) (482)

Dynamic geology 210

Dysprosium 439.3

Earth

 origin 310

 crust 312

 internal structure 313

 planet 735.1

63
 cosmology 738.1

 figure 741

Earth, rare

 mineralogy 120

 mineral resources 439.3

 chemistry 887

Earth movements 

 geodynamics 210

 earthquakes 240

 subsidences 248

 deformations 270

 plate tectonics 311

Earth resistance 296

Earth sciences (multi disciplinary

 works) 203.2

Earth temperature

 geodynamics 210

 geothermics 230

 climatology 512

Earth tides 295.3

Earthenware 441.1

Earthquake engineering 240.2

Earthquake hazard analysis 240

Earthquake prediction 240.4

Earthquakes 240

Earth’s crust 312

Earth’s mantle 312

East (Near East) (650)

East Africa, State of, see

 Kenya (775)

East African Community,

 see Kenya (775)

 see Tanzania (774)

 see Uganda (776)

East China Sea (087)

East Germany (531)

East Pakistan, see Bangladesh (648.5)

East Siberian Sea (093)

Eastern Pacific Ocean (083)

Echinodermata 983

Echinodermata (fossil) 630

Echinoidea 983 

Echinoidea (fossil) 638

Echinozoa 637

Ecology 919

Ecology of soils 919.94

Eclogite 190

Economic geography 504

Economic geology 404

Economics 065

Ecuador (465)

Education

 general 005

 social and economic aspects 065.5

Egypt (720)

Einsteinium 439.4

Eire (515)

El Salvador (384)

Elara (030.8)

Electric prospecting 426.4

Electricity 845

Electrochemistry 865

Electrolytic analysis 885

Ellice Islands (960)

Emeralds 483.5

Emery 447

Enceladus (035.2)

Encyclopedias 052

Endogens 938

Endogens (fossil) 698.5

Energy resources 

 general 580

 environmental aspects 585.3

Engineering

 general 760

 hydraulic 778

Engineering geology 203.3

Engineering instruments 767.5

England (520)

English channel (056)

English grammar 053

Environment 582

Environmental aspects

 of population 585.4

Environmental geology 203.6

Environmental impact

 statements 585.3

Environmental law 582

Environmental policy 582

Environmental pollution 583

Environmental protection 582

Epeirogeny 293

Equatorial Guinea, Republic of (741.5)

Equilibria 863

Erbium 439.3

Eritrea (772.1)

Erosion

 general 213

 glacial 254

64
Eskers 252

Essays

 miscellaneous 090

 mineralogical 109 

 geological 209

 historical geology 309

 mineral resources 409

 geomorphology 509

 paleontology 609

 physics 809

 chemistry 850.9

 biology 909

Estonia (573)

Estuaries 557

Ethics 075

Ethiopia (772)

Ethnology 

 anthropology 910

 paleozoology 679.9

Eurasia (699)

Europa (030.2)

Europe (500)

Europium 439.3

Evaporation 782

Evaporites 180

Evolution 915

Exogens 

 botany 939

 paleobotany 698

Expanded perlite 479

Expanded shale 479

Expanded vermiculite 479

Expeditions 502

Experimental investigations

 geology 219

 mineralogy 140

Experimental mineralogy 140

Expert systems (computer

 science) 039.7

Exploring expeditions 502

Explosions (underground) 203.4

Exposition publications (general) 002

Extinction of species 915

Extraterrestrial forces 212

Factory and trade wastes 799.5

Falkland Islands (497)

Faulting 276

Feldspar (economic product) 453

Fermium 439.4

Ferromanganese nodules 537.6

Fertilizers 443

Fezzan (region of Libya) (710)

Fieldwork (geologic technique) 208

Fiji Islands (960)

Filtration of water supply 794

Finland (579)

Fiords 523

Fishery law and legislation 537.2

Fjords 523

Flood plains 552

Floods 552

Flores Sea (085)

Florida (234)

Flotation (metallurgy) 429

Fluid dynamics 822

Fluid inclusions 298.4

Fluid mechanics 822

Fluorides 124

Fluorine 439.6

Fluorite 452

Fluorspar 452

Foam slag (construction

 material) 479

Folding (deformation) 276

Footprints (fossil) 610

Foraminifera 981

Foraminifera (fossil) 617

Forest fires 950

Forestry 950

Formation of ore deposits 410

Formosa (after 1945) (611)

Formosa Strait (087)

Fossils (general) 603

France (540)

Francium 439.21

Franklin (188)

French Cameroon, see 

 Cameroon (751)

*French Equatorial Africa, (758)

 see Chad (757)

 see Gabon (756.4)

 see Congo, Republic of (763)

 see Central African Republic (756) 

French Guiana (481)

French Guinea, see Guinea

 Republic (745)

French Indochina,

 see Cambodia (634)

 see Laos (632)

 see Vietnam (631)

French Oceania see French (960)

Polynesia

65
French Polynesia (960)

French Somaliland, see Djibouti (772.5)

French Sudan, see Mali (743)

French territory of

 Afar and Issas, see Djibouti (772.5)

French Togo, see Togo or 

 Togolese Republic (748)

French West Africa,

 see Benin (747.5)

 see Cameroon (751)

 see Cote d’Ivoire (746)

 see Gambia (759)

 see Mali (743)

 see Mauritania (744)

 see Niger (750.1)

 see Senegal (756.2)

French West Indies (397)

Freshwater ecology 919.55

Friendly Islands, see Tonga (960)

Frozen ground 256.2

Fuels (manufactured) 468

Fukien (610.1)

Fuller’s earth 453

Gabon (756.4)

Gadolinium 439.3

Galicia (533.1)

Gallium 439

Gambia (759)

Ganymede (030.3)

Garnet

 abrasive material 447

 precious stone 484

Gas chromatography 886

Gases 823

Gasification of coal 461.4

Gasometric analysis 884

Gastropoda 986

Gastropoda (fossil) 658

Gazetteers 506

Gems 480

 artistic aspects 480.5

Geochemical prospecting 426.2

Geochemistry 298

Geochronology 315

Geodesy 740

Geodynamics (geology) 210

Geographical names 506

Geographical congresses 501

Geographical information

 systems 040.5

Geography, descriptive 504

Geography, economic 504

Geography, physical 503

Geological bibliography 042.2

Geological congresses 201

Geological guidebooks 

 (monographic) 209.1

Geological history 360

Geological map 308

Geological map lists 308.4

Geological technique 208

Geological time 315

Geological nomenclature 206

Geology 

 general 203

 engineering 203.3

 dynamic, geodynamic,

 neotectonic, physical,

 tectonic 210

 military 203.5

 structural 260

 stratigraphic 319

 economic 404

Geomagnetism 296

Geometry 713

Geometry, analytical 715

Geomorphological effects of

 earthquakes 240.3

Geomorphology 503

Geophysical observatories 240.8

Geophysical profiling 295.2

Geophysical prospecting 426.4

Geophysical well logging 426

Geophysics 295

Georgia (U.S.) (233)

Georgia (Republic) (572)

Geothermal engineering 230

Geothermal resources 230

German Democratic Republic.

 see East Germany (531)

German East Africa, see

 Tanzania (774)

German Federal Republic,

 see West Germany (530)

German South-West Africa,

 see Namibia (781)

Germanium 439

Germany (530)

Geysers 230

Ghana (753)

Gibraltar (560)

66
Gilbert Islands, see Kiribati (940)

GIS 040.5

Glacial ecology 353

Glacial paleontology 689.6

Glaciers 250, 559

Glaciology 250

Glass 453

Global change 512

Gneiss 190

Gold 431

Gold Coast, see Ghana (753)

Gondwana 365

Government of mines 421

Grabens (deformation) 270

Grammar and language

 manuals 053

Granite

 mineral resources 474

 igneous rocks 170

Grants, catalogs of 048

Graphics 067

Graphite 466

Graptolites 626

Gravel 479

Gravity 297.5

Gravity anomalies 297.5

Gravity investigations 297.5

Gravity prospecting 426.4

Great Britain (510)

Great Lakes (067)

Great Namaqualand, see

 Namibia (781)

Great Plains (200)

 (or see specific U.S. states)

Great Lakes (067)

Greece (597)

Greenhouse effect

 atmospheric physics 511

 heat budget 512

 air pollution 514

Greenland (980)

Greenland Sea (055)

Ground shaking 240

Groundwater 490

Groundwater flow 490

Groundwater pollution 494

Groundwater quality 497 

Guam (970)

Guadeloupe (397)

Guatemala (381)

Guiana, Dutch (482)

Guiana, French (481)

Guidebooks (monographic) 209.1

Guinea, Equatorial (Republic) (741.5)

Guinea Republic (745)

Guinea-Bissau (742)

Gujarat (640.3)

Gulf Coast (U.S.) (209)

Guyana (480)

Guyane, see French Guiana (481)

Gymnosperms 936

Gymnosperms (fossil) 698.1

Gypsum 444

Hafnium 439

Haiti (393)

Halogens 439.6

Haloids 124

Hamburg (530.111)

*Hanover-Celle (530.85)

Harayana (640.5)

Hawaii (950)

Hazardous materials 583

Hazardous substances 583

Hazardous wastes 799.5

Health 065.4

Heat 830

Heat budget 512

Helium

 element 439.7

 petroleum aspects 467.8

Herzegovina (596.4)

Hesse *(530.6) (530.16)

High Plains (200)

 (or see specific U.S. States)

High pressure research 827

Highway engineering 774

Hills 544

Himachal Pradesh (640.51)

Himalaya Mountains (640)

Himalia (030.9)

Historical geology 303

History

 general 070

 history of geology 207

 mining or mineral history 407

 History of geomorphology

 or geography 507

 history of physics 807

 history of chemistry 850.7

 natural history 903

Holland, see

 Netherlands, The (591)

67
Holmium 439.3

Holocene

 stratigraphy 354

 paleontology 689.7

Holography 837.4

Holothuroidea 983

Holothuroidea (fossil) 639

Honan (610.2)

Honduras (383)

Hong Kong (610.51)

Horticulture 940

Hot springs 230

Hudson Bay (053)

Hudson Strait (053)

Human ecology 919.67

Humus 

 soils 941

 geochemical aspects 298.3

Hunan (610.3)

Hungary (534)

Hydraulic engineering 778

Hydraulic measurements 780.2

Hydraulic mining 427

Hydraulic structures 778

Hydrocarbons

 mineralogy 128

 mineral resources 460

 organic chemistry 875

Hydroelectric power 785

Hydrogen 439.5

Hydrogeology 490

Hydrography 780

Hydrological instruments 780.2

Hydrology

 groundwater 490

 surface water 780

Hydrometer 780.2

Hydrostatics 822

Hydrothermal deposits

 volcanic aspects 220

 geothermal resources 230

 earth temperature 218

 ore deposits aspects 410

Hydrozoa 982

Hydrozoa (fossil) 626

Hyperion (035.3)

Iapetus

 topic 366

 moon of Saturn (035.4)

Iberian Peninsula (559)

Ice 256

Ice structure 256

Icebergs 535

Iceland (587)

Ichnofossil 610

Idaho (283)

Ifni (740)

Igneous agencies 218

Igneous metamorphism 283

Igneous rocks 170

Illinois (253)

Illite 441

Illustration of books 757

Image data processing 036.5

Impact phenomena 828

Index maps 

 geological 308.4

 non-geological 508.4

Indexes 044

India (640)

Indian Ocean (070)

Indian Territory (243)*

Indiana (252)

Indium 439

Indochina (630)

Indonesia (910)

Indonesian seas (085)

Industrial minerals 440-459.9

Inert gases 439.7

Information services 040

Information systems 040

Injection wells 

 petroleum 467.4

 radioactive waste disposal 795.3

 waste disposal 799.5

Inland waters 550

Inorganic chemistry 870

Inorganic geochemistry 298.2

Insects 987

Insects (fossil) 667

Instinct 913

Institutions 

 general 020

 scientific 032

Instrumentation (congresses) 035.1

Instruments

 science 035

 engineering 767.5

 hydrology 780.2

Intrusions 280

68
Invertebrates 980

Invertebrates (fossil) 614.2

Io (030.1)

Iodides 124

Iodine 439.6

Ionian Islands (597)

Ionian Sea (059)

Iowa (262)

Iran (660)

Iraq (665)

Ireland (515)

Ireland, Northern (516)

Iridium 439.1

Irish Sea (058)

Iron

 metal 433

 metallurgy 429.3

Irrigation 790

Irrigation water 590

Islands (geographic numbers)

 African (749)-(749.5),

 (791)-(795)

 Asian (639)

 Australasian (899) 

 East Indies (910)-(911)

 Greek (597)

 Oceania (979)

 Pacific Islands (912)-(970), (979)

 West Indies (390) 

Isostasy 297

Isotope geology 203.7

Israel (681)

Italian East Africa,

 see Eritrea (772.2)

 see Ethiopia (772)

 see Somalia (773)

Italian Somaliland, see Somalia (773)

Italy (550)

Ivory Coast, see Cote d’Ivoire (746)

Jade 486

Jamaica (392)

Jammu (643.3)

Janus (035.5)

Japan (620)

Japan, Sea of (088)

Java (910)

Java Sea (085)

Jet (mineral) 469

Jointing (deformation) 270

Joints (deformation) 270

Jordan (685)

Jupiter (planet) 737.4

 geographic number for

 map cataloging (030)

Jura 

 stratigraphy 342

 stratigraphic paleontology 688.4

Jurassic

 stratigraphy 342

 stratigraphic paleontology 688.4

Kaliningrad Oblast (570)

Kamchatka (691)

Kampuchea, see Cambodia (634)

Kane Basin (054)

Kansas (267)

Kaolin 441

Kara Sea (093)

Karnataka (645)

Karst 547

Kashmir (643.3)

Kazakh S.S.R., see Kazakhstan (695)

Kazakhstan (695)

Keewatin (186)

Kentucky (238)

Kenya (775)

Kerala (640.7)

Kiangsi (610.4)

Kimberlite 170

Kirghiz S.S.R., see

 Kyrgyzstan (695.6)

Kirghizstan, see Kyrgyzstan (695.6) 

Kiribati, Republic of (940)

Korea (North and South) (625)

Krypton 439.7

Kunzite 489

Kuril Islands (693)

Kuwait (674)

Kwangtung (610.5)

Kweichow (610.6)

Kyanite 453

Kyrgyzstan (695.6) 

Labor force

 general 065.2

 scientific 030.5

Laboratories

 physics 808

 chemistry 850.8

Labrador (135)

Labrador Sea (054)

69
Laccoliths 280

Ladrone Islands (940)

Lagoons 558

Lahars 220

Lakes 554

Lakes, glacial 255

Lamellibranchiata 986

Lamellibranchiata (fossil) 655

Landform ecology 919.54

Landforms 540

Land use 585.5

 (environmental aspects) 585.5

Land use planning 585.5

Landsat 739.4

Landsat maps 500.1

Landslides 245

Lanthanide series 439.3

Lanthanium 439.3

Laos (633)

Laptev Sea (093)

Lasers 835.7

Laterite 441

Latin America (299)

Latitude 747

Latvia (574)

Laurasia 365

Lava 220

Lawrencium 439.4

Lead 435

Least squares 718

Lebanon (683)

Leda (030.10)

Leeward Islands (396)

Lepidolite 446.3

Lesotho (786.5)

Leveling 752

Liberia (754)

Libraries 046

Library automation 046.7

Library science 045

Libya (710)

Light 835

Lightweight aggregate 479

Lignite 463.5

Ligurian Sea (059)

Lime 454

Limestone

 sedimentary rock 180

 carbonate minerals 454

 building stone 471

Limnology 554

Lincoln Sea (090)

Liquids 822

Liquefaction of coal 461.4

Liquefaction of soil 240.6

Lithium 439.21

Lithosphere 267

Lithuania (575)

Little Namaqualand, see South 

 Africa (787)

Lodes 411

Loess

 soil formation 518

 soil science 941

Logic 054

Longitude 747

Louisiana (237)

Lower Saxony (530.11)

Loyalty Islands (933)

Lunar geodesy 748.1

Lunar geology 736.1

Lunar mineralogy 736.3

Lunar petrology 736.2

Lutetium (lutecium) 439.3

Luxembourg (592)

Lysithea (030.11)

Maars 229

Macau (610.51)

Macedonia (596.5)

Machinery 770

Machines 770.5

Mackenzie (184)

Madagascar (790)

Madeira Islands (749)

Madhya Pradesh (644)

Madras, see Tamil Nadu (642) 

Magmas 281

Magmatism 281

Magnesium 439.2

Magnetic surveys 296

Magnetism 840

Magnetite 433

Magnetotelluric prospecting 426.4

Maine (211)

Mainframes 036.25

Malagasy Republic, see

 Madagascar (790)

Malawi, Republic of (777)

*Malay States (637)

 (after 1963 see Malaysia) (911)

*Malay Federation (637)

 (after 1963 see Malaysia) (911)

70
Malaysia (911)

Maldives (795)

Mali (743)

Malta (599)

Mammalia 999

Mammalia (fossil) 679

Man (fossil) 679.9

Management 065.1

Manchuria (618)

Manganese 

 metal 433

 nodule 537.6

Manipur (641.3)

Manitoba (160)

Manpower

 scientific 030.5

 general 065.2

Manufactured fuels 468

Manuscripts 095

Map bibliographies

 geological 308.4 

 non-geological 508.4

Map indexes 

 geological 308.4

 non-geological 508.4

Map lists

 geological 308.4

 non-geological 508.4 

Map making 759

Maps and atlases

 geological 308

 geographical 508 

Marble 471

Margarite 446.3

Maharashtra (641.41)

Marianas Islands (940)

Marine ecology 919.53

Marine engineering 539

Marine geophysics 538

Marine pollution 537.5

Marine resources 537

Marine sediments 536

Marine structures 539

Marl 454

Marquesas Islands (960)

Mars ( planet) 735.2

 planetary geology 737.3

 cosmogony 738.2

 geographic number for

 map classification (031)

Marshall Islands (940)

Marshes 556

Marshes, tidal 557

Maryland (225)

Masonry 769

Massachusetts (214)

Mass physics 820

Materials science 817

Mathematical geology 208.2

Mathematical physics 810.6

Mathematical statistics 718

Mathematical tables 705

Mathematics 710

Mauritania (744)

Mauritius (792)

Measures 814

Mechanics 820

*Mecklenburg (530.7)

Mecklenburg Bay (057)

Mediterranean Sea (059)

Mediterranean Straits (059)

Meghalaya (641.4)

Melanesia (930)

Membership lists (directories) 056

Mercury (metal) 432

Mercury (planet) 735.4

 planetary geology 737.1

 cosmogony 738.4

 geographical number for 

 map classification (032)

Mesozoic

 stratigraphy 340

 stratigraphic paleontology 688

Metallogeny 410

Metallography 872

Metals 

 natural state 430

 chemistry 872

Metallurgy 429

Metamorphic rocks 190

Metamorphism 283

Metasomatic rocks 190

Metasomatism 283

Metasomatite 190

Meteorites 130

Meteorology 510

Meteors 734.6

Methane 460

Metric system 814

Mexico (300)

Mexico, Gulf of (062)

Mica 446.3

71
Micaceous minerals 446.3

Michigan (255)

Microbiology 907

Microcomputers 036.23

Micronesia (940)

Micronesian seas (085)

Microphotography 837.1

Micropaleontology 603.1

Microscopy 035

Middle East (650)

Military engineering 769

Military geology 203.5

Mimas (035.6)

Mine prospectuses 422

Mine safety 425

Mine subsidences 425.2

Mine surveying 424

Mineral industry 403

Mineral paints 448

Mineral resources 403

Mineral waters *491 493

Mineralogical chemistry 119

Mineralogy 101-140

 chemical 119

 descriptive 120

 determinative 115

 optical 110

Minerals in rocks 160

Mines and mining 420

Minicomputers 036.24

Mining bureaus 402

Mining company reports 422.5

Mining congresses 401

Mining engineering 425

Mining law 421

Mining methods 425

Minnesota (261)

Minor planets

 planetary astronomy 735.8

 planetary geology 737.7

 cosmogony 738.8

Miquelon Island (137)

Miranda (036.2)

Miscellaneous (sketches,

 clippings, and so forth) 009

Miscellany (general essays,

 collections) 090

Mississippi (236)

Missouri (263)

Moldavia, see Moldova (571)

Moldova, Republic of (571)

Molecular physics 815

Mollusca 986

Mollusca (fossil) 654

Molluscoidea 985

Molluscoidea (fossil) 650

Moluccas (910)

Molybdates 126.7

Molybdenum 439

Monaco (548)

Monazite 443

Mongolia (619)

Monocotyledons 938

Monocotyledons (fossil) 698.5

Montana (281)

Montenegro (596)

Moon 736

 geographic number for

 map classification (025)

Moors (landform) 556

Moraines 253

Morocco (740)

Mossbauer effect 881

Mounds (landform) 544

Mountain making 293

Mountains 541

Mozambique (778)

Mud logging 467.4

Muscat and Oman (672)

Muscovite 446.3

Museum publications 020

Museums 025

Myanma, Union of, see Burma (647)

Myanmar, Union of, see Burma (647)

Myriapoda 987

Myriapoda (fossil) 666

Mysore (645)

Nagaland (641.5)

Namaland, see

 Namibia (781)

Namibia (781)

Natal (786)

Natural disasters 249

Natural gas 467

Natural history 903

Natural resources 580

Nauru (940)

Navigator Islands, see Samoan

 Islands (960)

Near East (650)

Nebraska (266)

72
Nebular hypothesis 738

Necks (deformation) 270

Neodymium 439.3

Neotectonics 210

Nepal (615)

Neptunium 439.4

Nereid (033.1)

Netherlands, The (591)

Netherlands Antilles (399)

Netherlands East Indies, see

 Indonesia (910)

Netherlands Guiana, see

 Surinam (482)

Nevada (275)

New Brunswick (110)

New Caledonia (933)

New England (210)

New Guinea (930)

New Hampshire (212)

New Hebrides, see Vanuatu (935)

New Jersey (222)

New Mexico (272)

New South Wales (820)

New York (221)

New Zealand (890)

Newfoundland (130)

Nicaragua (385)

Nickel 436

Niger Republic (750.1)

Nigeria (752)

Nile country (720)

Niobates 126.3

Niobium 439

Nitrates

 mineralogy 126.4

 mineral resources 443

Nomenclature 

 geological 206

 paleontological 606

 botanical 926

 zoological 976 

Nonmetallic elements

 chemistry 871

 natural state 440

Nonmetallic minerals 440-459.9

North Africa (710)

North America (099)

North Atlantic Ocean (052)

North Borneo (911)

North Carolina (231)

North Channel (058)

North Dakota (264)

North Korea, see Korea (625)

North Pacific Ocean (081)

North Rhine-Westphalia (530.15)

North Pacific Ocean (081)

North Sea (056)

Northeastern Siberia (690.3)

Northeastern States (207)

Northern Rhodesia, see Zambia (761) 

Northwest passages (091) 

Northwest Territories (Canada) (183)

Norway (581)

Norwegian Sea (055)

Nova Scotia (120)

Nubium sandstone 180

Nuclear cratering 821.65

Nuclear engineering 815.2

Nuclear geology 203.7

Nuclear geophysics 295.5

Nuclear physics 815

Nuclear prospecting 426.4

Nuclear waste repositories 795.3

Numerical analysis 719

Nyasaland, see Malawi (777)

Oberon (036.3)

Observatories 020

Ocean-atmosphere interactions 511

Ocean bottom 536

Ocean currents 531

Ocean mining 537

Oceania (900)

Oceania, French, see French 

 Oceania (960)

Oceanographic instrumentation 530.02

Oceanography 530

Oceans 

 general 530

 geographic number (050)

 prehistoric 366

Ochre 448

Offshore technology 539

Office management 065.1

Official publications (general) 001

Offshore technology 539

Ohio (251)

Oil fuels 467

Oil shales 467

Oil industry 467.7

Oil well logging 467.4

Okhotsk, Sea of (088)

73
Oklahoma (244)

Olivine 446.2

Oman (672)

Oman, Gulf of (073)

Ontario (150)

Onyx 472

Oolites 180

Opals 484

Ophiuroidea 983

Ophiuroidea (fossil) 635

Optical absorption 835

Optical mineralogy 110

Optics 835

Orange Free State (783)

Orange River Colony, see

 Orange Free State (783)

Ordovician

 stratigraphy 333

 stratigraphic paleontology 684

Ore deposits 410

Ore dressing 429

Oregon (285)

Organic agencies 216

Organic chemistry 875

Organic geochemistry 298.3

Organometallic compounds 872

Origin of life 915

Orissa (641.6)

Ornamental stones 470

Ornithischia 995

Ornithischia (fossil) 675 

Orogeny 293

Oscillation 291

Osmium 439.1

Ostracoda 662

Oxides 125

Oxygen 439.5

Oxygen salts 126

Pacific area (900)

Pacific coast (U.S.) (289)

Pacific Ocean (080)

Pacific Ocean, North (081)

Paints, mineral 448

Pakistan (648)

Palau Islands (940)

Paleobiology 613

Paleobotany 690

Paleoclimatology 370

Paleoecology 612

Paleogeography 360

Paleogeophysics 314

Paleohydrology 371

Paleolithic period 679.9

Paleomagnetism 314

Paleontology 

 general 603

 stratigraphic 680

Paleopedology 180.3

Paleoseismology 240.9

Paleozoic

 stratigraphy 330

 stratigraphic paleontology 682

Paleozoology 614

Palestine (681)

Palladium 439.1

Palynology 696

Panama (387)

Panama Canal (387)

Pangea 365

Panthalassa 366

Papua (930)

Papua New Guinea (930)

Paragonite 446.3

Paraguay (492)

Paramorphism 135

Parks 585.7

Particle physics 815

Pasiphae (030.12)

Patagonia (429)

Pearls 488

Peat 464

Pelecypoda 986

Pelecypoda (fossil) 655

Pelew, see Palau Islands (940)

Pelmatozoa 983

Pelmatozoa (fossil) 631

Pennsylvania (223)

Periglacial phenomena 256

Periodicals 010

Periodite 170 

Permafrost 256.1

Permian

 stratigraphy 337

 stratigraphic paleontology 687.5 

Persia, see Iran (660)

Persian Gulf (073)

Personnel 065.1

Peru (450)

Petrofabric analysis 165

Petroleum

 general 467

74
 chemistry 467.3

 congresses 467.1

 engineering 467.4

 laws, legislation 467.5

 industry 467.7

 refineries 467.4

 technology 467.4

Petroleum geology 467.4

Petroleum leases 467.7

Petroleum pipelines 467.7

Petroleum prospecting 467.4

Petroleum well logging 467.4

Petrology (general works) 150.3

Petrology, structural 165

Petrotectonics 165

Phanerogams

 botany 935

 paleobotany 698

Philippine Sea (081)

Philippines (920)

Philosophy, logic 054

 general 075

 ethics 075

 psychology 075

Phlogopite 446.3

Phobos (031.2)

Phoebe (035.7)

Phoenix Island (960)

Phosphates

 mineralogy 126.4

 mineral resources 443

Phosphorus 439.5

Photogrammetry 753.5

Photographs 008

Photography 837

 aerial 753.5

Photomicrography 837.1

Physical geology 210

Physical properties of crystals 113

Physical properties of rocks 153

Physics 810

Physics, mathematical 810.6

Physiography 503

 landforms 540

Physiology 917

Pigments 448

Pipeline engineering 776

Pipelines 

 general 776

 oil and gas 467.7

Pisces 991

Pisces (fossil) 671

Placer deposits 414

Plains (landforms) 543

Planetary astronomy 735

Planetary geology 737

Planetology 735

Planets

 planetary astronomy 735

 planetary geology 737

 cosmogony 738

Plankton 981

Plant ecology 919.92

Plants, distribution of 918

Plasma, space 295.3

Plateaus (landforms) 542

Plate tectonics 311

Platinum 439.1

Platinum metals 439.1

Pleistocene

 stratigraphy 353

 stratigraphic paleontology 689.6

Pluto (planet) 737.7

 geographical number for

 map classification (034)

Plutonium 439.4

Pneumatics 823

Poland (578)

Polar regions (995)

Pollution 

 air 514

 marine 537.5

 general 583

 water 795

Pollution control (water) 797

Polynesia (960)

Polynesia, French (960)

Population studies (urban) 065.3

Porcelain 441.1

Porifera 982

Porifera (fossil) 621

Portugal (569)

Portugese Congo, see Angola (768)

Portugese East Africa, see

 Mozambique (778)

Portuguese Guinea, see

 Guinea-Bissau (742)

Pot clay 441

Pot earth 441

Potash 443

Potassium 439.21

Potter’s clay 441

75
Potter’s earth 441

Pottery 441.1

Power engineering 771

 stream control 785

 nuclear engineering 815.2

Power resources 

 general 580

 environmental aspects 585.3

Prairies (landforms) 543

Praseodymium 439.3

Precambrian 

 stratigraphy 320

 stratigraphic paleontology 681

Precious gems 480

Precious stones 480

Prehistoric continents 365

Prehistoric oceans 366

Pressure research 827

Prince Edward Island (120)

Probabilities, theory of 718

Problematica (paleontology) 611

Profiles 

 ocean 536

 seismic profiling 295.2

 geophysical profiling 295.2

Promethium 439.3

Prospecting 426

Protactinium 439.4

Proterozoic

 stratigraphy 320.2

 stratigraphic paleontology 681.2

Protozoa 981

Protozoa (fossil) 615

Prussia (530.1)

Pseudomorphs 135

Psychology 075

Pteridophytes 933

Pteridophytes (fossil) 697.3

Puerto Rico (394)

Pumice 

 igneous rocks 170

 abrasive materials 447

 construction materials 479

Punched card systems 040

Punjab (648)

Purification of water 794

Pyrite 445

Qatar (675)

Qualitative analysis 881

Quantitative analysis 883

Quantum theory 815.4

Quartz 453

Quartzite 473

Quaternary 

 stratigraphy 352

 stratigraphic paleontology 689.5

Quebec (140)

Queensland (810)

Quicksilver 432

Radar 848.5

Radiation 838

Radio 848.5

Radiochemistry 856

Radioactive prospecting 426.4

Radioactive waste disposal 795.3

Radioactive dating 315

Radioactivity 815.5

Radiocarbon dating 315

Radioisotopes 838

Radiolaria 981

Radiolaria (fossil) 618

Radiolarian earth 459

Radiometric ages, see 

 Geochronology 315

Radium 439.2

Radon 

 air pollution 514

 inert gas 439.7

Railroad engineering 772

Rain 781

Rain, acid, see Acid rain 583

Rainfall 781

Rajasthan (640.6)

Rapids 553

Rare earth metals 439.3

Recent (stratigraphy), see

 Holocene (stratigraphy) 354

Recent (paleontology), see

 Holocene (paleontology) 689.7

Reclamation of land 

 from seas 786

 from mined land 585.5

Recreation areas 585.7

Red Sea (072)

Reforestation 950

Refractory materials 441

Regional planning (urban) 065.3

Remote sensing

 general 753.7

 natural resources 753.75

76
Reptilia 995

Reptilia (fossil) 675

Republic of South Africa (787)

Research projects (catalogs) 048

Reservoirs

 water supply 791

 coastal engineering 521

Resource conservation 585.3

Restoration of land 

 from seas 786

 from mined lands 585.5

Reunion Island (791)

Rewa (643)

Rhea (035.8)

Rhenium 439

Rheology 822.3

Rhetoric 053

Rhineland-Palatinate (530.13)

Rhizopoda 981

Rhizopoda (fossil) 616

Rhode Island (215)

Rhodesia, see Zimbabwe (760)

Rhodium 439.1

Rifts (geology) 276

Riga, Gulf of (057)

River sediments 213

Rivers 552

Road engineering 774

Road materials 479

Rock analysis 155

Rock bursts 425

Rock structure 260

Rock mechanics 768

Rockforming minerals 412

Rockhounding 104

Rocks, carbonate 180

Rocks, collection and

 preservation 104

Rocks, physical properties of 153

Rockslides 245

Romania (594)

Roscoelite 446.3 

Ross Sea (096) 

Rubidium 439.21

Rubies 483

Rumania, see Romania (594)

Runoff 781

Rural water supply 790

Russia (570)

Russia, Asiatic (690)

Russian R.S.F.S.R., see Russia (570)

Ruthenium 439.1

Rwanda (771)

Saar (530.18)

Saarland (530.18)

Sahara, Western (750)

St. Christopher-Nevis (396)

St. Georges Channel (058)

St. Helena Island (749.5)

St. Kitts-Nevis, see

 St. Christopher-Nevis (396)

St. Lucia (397)

St. Pierre et Miquelon (137)

St. Lawrence, Gulf of (054)

St. Lawrence Seaway (067)

St. Vincent (397)

Sakhalin (693)

Salt 444

Samarium 439.3

Samoan Islands (960)

San Marino (551)

Salvador, El (384)

Sand

 silicates 453

 aggregates 479

Sand dunes 549

Sandstone 

 sedimentary rock 180

 building stone 473

Sanitation 799

Santo Domingo, see Dominican

 Republic (393.5)

Sapphires 482

Sardinia 550)

Sargasso Sea (062)

Saskatchewan (165)

Satellites 

 artificial 739

 Earth 739.4

 instrumentation 739.5

Saturn (planet) 737.5

 geographic number for

 map classification (035)

Saudi Arabia (670)

Savanna ecology 919.93

Savannas 543

Saxony, Lower (530.11)

Scandinavia (580)

Scandium 439

Scaphopoda 986

77
Scaphopoda (fossil) 656

Schleswig-Holstein (530.17)

Science (general) 030

Scientific congresses 031

 (see also specific subjects)

Scientific institutions 032 

Scientific instruments 035

Scotia Sea (066)

Scotland (512)

Seawater, desalination of 794

Sedimentary rocks 180

Sediments (unconsolidated) 213

Sediments (marine) 536

Seepage 782

Seismic profiling 295.2

Seismic prospecting 426.3

Seismic reflection method 426.3

Seismic refraction method 426.3

Seismology 240

Seismometry 240.8

Selenides 122

Selenium 439.5

Semiconductors 848.5

Senegal (756.2)

Serbia (596)

Serials (indexes) 044

Serpentinite 446.2

Sewerage 799

Seychelles (795)

Shore protection 521

Shorelines 521

Shores 521

Siam, see Thailand (635)

Siberia (690)

Siberia, Eastern (690.3)

Siberia, Western (690.2)

Sicily (550)

Sierra Leone (755)

Sikkim 

 republic (615)

 province of India (641.71)

Silicates 

 mineralogy 126.2

 mineral resources 453

Siliceous earth 459

Silicon 439.5

Silurian 

 stratigraphy 334

 stratigraphic paleontology 685 

Silver 431

Singapore (Republic) (912)

Sinkholes 

 subsidence 248

 caves 547

Sinkiang-Uighur` (610.7)

Sinope (030.13)

Skagerak (056)

Skarn 190

Slate 475

Slovakia (532.3)

Slovenia (596.3)

Smectite 441

Smith Sound (054)

Snow 

 glaciology 256

 hydrology 781

Snow surveying 781

Soapstone 476

Societies 020

Society Islands (960)

Sociology 065

Socotra (673)

Sodium 439.21

Soil age 180.3

Soil chemistry 892

Soil congresses 941.1

Soil conservation 941

Soil ecology 919.94

Soil engineering 768

Soil formation 518

Soil mechanics 768

Soil micromorphology 941

Soil moisture 944

Soil physics 941

Soil pollution 583

Soil sciences 941

Soil structure 941

Soil surveys 941

Soils 

 general 941

 origin 518

 agricultural 941

Solar power and energy

 (applied) 771

Solar system 735

Solid state physics 815.6

Solids 821

Solomon Islands (937)

Solution chemistry 855

Solway Firth (058)

Somalia (773)

Somaliland, see Somalia (773)

78
Sorption (includes sorbents) 890.1

Sound 825

Sounds (geomorphology) 558

South Africa (region) (780)

South Africa, Republic of (787)

South Africa, Union of, see

 South Africa, Republic of (787)

South African Republic (784)

South America (400)

South Atlantic Islands (749.5)

South Atlantic Ocean (065)

South Australia (840)

South Carolina (232)

South China Sea (086)

South Dakota (265)

South Pacific (084)

Southeastern Asia (region) (629)

Southern Africa (region) (780)

Southern Rhodesia, see

 Zimbabwe (760)

Southern States 

 U.S. (229)

 Eastern section (230)

 Western section (240)

Southwest Africa, see Namibia (781)

Soviet Central Asia (693.5)

Soviet Union (570)

Space biology 730.4

Space chemistry 730.3

Space exploration 739

Space plasma 295.3

Space sciences (general) 739 

Space shuttles 739.7

Space stations 739.8

Spain (560)

Spanish Guinea, see Equatorial 

 Guinea, Republic of (741.5)

Spanish Morocco, see Morocco (740)

Spanish Sahara, see Western

 Sahara (741)

Spatial data handling 759.4

Specific gravity 814.8

Specifications, engineering 763

Spectroscopy 

 theory 835

 analytic chemistry 886

Spectrum analysis 881

Speleology 547

Spongida, see Porifera 982

Spongida (fossil), see

 Porifera (fossil) 621

Springs 

 groundwater 491

 water features 551

Springs, hot 230

Springs, thermal 230

Sri Lanka (649)

Stars 734.4

Statistical yearbooks 055

Statistics 

 general 067

 geology 208.2

 mineralogy 408

 mathematics 719

 see also under individual

 subjects

Steel 429.3

Steel metallography 896

Stochastic processes 718

Stocks (deformation) 270

Stoneware 441.1

Storm sewers 793

Storm water management 781

Stratigraphic correlation 315

Stratigraphic geology 319

Stratigraphic paleontology 680

Stream control (hydrology) 785

Stream measurements 783

Strip mining 425

Stromatoporoids 626

Strontium 439.2

Structural crystallography 112

Structural engineering 767

Structural geology 260

Structural petrology 165

Style manuals 053.2

Subduction zones 311

Submarine geology 203(050)

Submarine relief (coastal) 523

Subsidence 248

Sudan (720.5)

Sulfates 126.6

Sulfides 122

Sulfur 445

Sulpho-salts 123

Sulphur 445

Sulu Sea (085)

Sumatra (910)

Sun 734.5

Sunda Islands (910)

Suqutra, see People’s

 Democratic Republic

 of Yemen (673)

79
Surficial geology 260

Surinam (482)

Surveying 750

 congresses 750.1

 mines 424

Surveys, soil 941

Swamps 556

Swaziland (788)

Sweden (583)

Switzerland (535)

Synthesis 889

Syria (682)

Szechwan (610.8)

Tables 

 engineering 765

 mathematical 705

Tadzhik S.S.R., see Tajikistan (694)

Tahiti (960)

Taiwan (611)

Tajikistan (694)

Tamil Nadu (642)

Tanganyika, see Tanzania (774)

Tantalates 126.3

Tantalum 439

Tanzania , United Republic of (774)

Tasman Sea (084)

Tasmania (880)

Taymyr Peninsula (690.3)

Tchad, see Chad (757)

Technetium 439

Technical dictionaries 051.1

Technical writing 053.2

Techniques 

 mineralogy 108

 petrology 150.8

 geology 208

 paleontology 608

 mechanics and engineering 708

 physics 808

 biology 908

Technology (general) 030

Tectonic geology 210

Tectonics 

 geology 210

 plate 311

Telecommunications 848.5

Tellurates 126.6

Tellurides 122

Tellurium 439.5

Temperature 

 earth 218

 atmosphere 511

Tennessee (239)

Terbium 439.3

Terraces (landforms) 546

Terrestrial magnetism, see

 geomagnetism 296

Tertiary 

 stratigraphy 351

 stratigraphic paleontology 689.1

Tethys

 topic 366

 moon of Saturn (035.9)

Texas (245)

Thailand (635)

Thallium 439

Thallophytes 931

Thallophytes (fossil) 697.1

Theory of error 718

Thermal pollution of lakes,

 rivers, ponds, and seas 795.6

Thermochemistry 852

Thermodynamics 834

Thorium 439.4

Thulium 439.3

Tibet (616)

Tidal marshes, see 

 Marshes, tidal 557

Tide gages 532

Tides 532

Tiles 441.1

Time 

 general works 809

 geologic 315

Timor Sea (085)

Tin 434

Titan (035.10)

Titanates 126.2

Titania (036.4)

Titanium 439

Tobago (394.3)

Togo (748)

Togolese Republic (748)

Tokelau Islands (960)

Tonga (960)

Topographic drawing 753

Topographic maps 500

Torsion balance 426.4

Tourmaline 487

80
Trace elements 413

Trace fossils 610

Tracks, fossil 610

Transbaikalia (690.3)

Transcaucasia (572)

Trans-Jordan, see Jordan (685)

Transvaal (785)

Trap (building stone) 477

Travel and description 590

Tremolite 446.1

Triangulation 743

Triassic

 stratigraphy 341

 stratigraphic paleontology 688.1

Trigonometry 714

Trilobite 662.3

Trinidad (394.3)

Tripoli (710)

Tripoli (siliceous earth) 459

Tripolite 459

Tripolitania, see Libya (710)

Tripura (641.8)

Tristan da Cunha (749.5)

Triton (033.2)

Tsunamis 533

Tuamotu (960)

Tungstates 126.7

Tungsten 439

Tunicata 989

Tunisia (735)

Tunnels 773

Turkey (680)

Turkmen S.S.R., see

 Turkmenistan (695.3)

Turkmenistan (695.3)

Turks and Caicos Islands (395)

Tuvalu (960)

Tyrrenian Sea (059)

Uganda (776)

Ukraine (571)

Ultrabasic rocks 170

Umbriel (036.5)

Underground water, see 

 Groundwater 490

Undetermined material

 (paleontology) 611

Ungava (140)

Union of Burma, see Burma (647)

Union of Myanma, see Burma (647)

Union of Myanmar, see Burma (647) 

United Arab Emirates (675)

United Kingdom (510)

United States (200)

Universities 020

Upper Volta, see Burkina Faso (747)

Uranium 439.4

Uranus (planet) 737.6 

 geographic number for

 map classification (036)

Urban geology 203.6

Urenates 126.5

Uruguay (490)

Utah (273)

Uttar Pradesh (640.8)

Uzbekistan (696)

Uzbek S.S.R., see Uzbekistan (696)

Valleys 545

Vanadates 126.4

Vanadium 439

Vanuatu (935)

Vector analysis 719

Vehicles 770.3

Veins 411

Venezuela (470)

Venus (planet) 738.3

 geographic number for

 map classification (037)

Vermes 984

Vermes (fossil) 640

Vermiculite 446.3

Vermont (213)

Vertebrates 990

Vertebrates (fossil) 670

Vibrations 849

Victoria (830)

Vietnam (631)

Virgin Islands (394.1)

Virgin Islands, British (394.2)

Virginia (227)

Volcanic ash 447

Volcanic cinders 479

Volcanic rocks 170

Volcanism 220

Volcanoes 220

Volcanoes, extinct 225

Volumetric analysis 884

Wales (520)

Washington (State) (284)

Washington, D.C. (226)

81
Waste or waste disposal 799.5

Water analysis 796

Water budget 780

Water chemistry 797

Water composition 

 surface 797

 groundwater 495

Water conservation 793

Water contamination 

 surface 795

 groundwater 494

Water pollution 

 surface 795

 groundwater 494

Water pollution control 797

Water power 785

Water purification 794

Water quality 

 surface 797

 groundwater 497

Water resources development 784

Water rights 798

 legislation 798

Water storage 791

Water, underground, see

 Groundwater 490

Water use 793 

Waterfalls 553

Watersheds 552

Water-supply 

 groundwater 490

 surface 780

 rural agricultural 790

 domestic, industrial, and

 military 793

Waterworks 793

Waves 

 oceanography 533

 sound waves 825

 light waves 835

 electromagnetic waves 838

 physics 849

Weathering 211

Weddell Sea (096)

Weights 814

Welfare 065.6

Well drilling 777

Well logging 426

Wells, artesian 494

West Bengal (643.2)

West Central African region (750)

West Indies (390)

West Irian (Western half of

 New Guinea) (910)

West Virginia (228)

Western Australia (860)

Western Sahara (741)

Western Samoa (960)

Wetlands 556

Whirlpools 553

White Russia, see Belarus (577)

White Sea (092)

Wildlife conservation and

 management 585

Wildlife refuges 

 environmental aspects 585.3

 parks and recreation 585.7

Windward Islands (397)

Winds 515

Wisconsin (254)

World (geographic number) (000)

Wyoming (282)

Yearbooks, statistical 055

Yellow Sea (087)

Yellowstone National Park (282)

Yemen Arab Republic (671)

Yemen, North, see Yemen

 Arab Republic (671)

Yemen, South, see People’s 

 Democratic Republic of 

 Yemen (673)

Ytterbium 439.3

Yttrium 439

Yugoslavia (596)

Yukon (182)

Zaire, see Congo, Democratic 

 Republic of the (764)

Zambia (761)

Zanzibar (part of Tanzania) (779)

Zeolites 

 mineralogy 126.2

 mineral resources 453

Zimbabwe (760)

Zinc 435

Zinnwaldite 446.3

Zirconium 439

Zoology 970

Zululand, see Natal (786)

82
SECTION 14 -- INDEX TO GEOGRAPHIC NAMES

* Denotes classification numbers used in earlier editions of the scheme and not currently used

Abu Dhabi (675)

Abyssinia, see Ethiopia (772)

Aden (673)

Aden, Gulf of (073)

Adriatic Sea (059)

Afars and Issas (772.5)

Afghanistan (655)

Africa (700)

*Africa, French Equatorial (758)

Africa, French West, see Central African Republic (756) Africa, West Central, see West and Central African Regions (750)

Alabama (235)

Alaska (286)

Alaska, Gulf of (083) 

Albania (596.6)

Alberta (170)

Aleutian Islands (286)

Algeria (730)

Alsace-Lorraine *(530.9), (540.7)

Amalthea (030.5)

American coasts (083)

Americas (042)

American Samoa (960)

Amundsen Sea (096)

Amur Oblast (691)

Ananke (030.6)

Andhra Pradesh (646)

Andorra (565)

Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, see Sudan (720.5)

Angola (768)

Anguilla (396)

Antarctic regions (990)

Antarctic Sea (096)

Antarctica (990)

Antigua (396)

Antilles, Netherlands (399)

Appalachian region (220)

Arabia (670)

Arabian Peninsula (664)

Arabian Sea (071)

Arafura Sea (085)

Aral Sea (068)

Ariel (036.1)

Arctic America (Canadian) (190)

Arctic regions (980)

Arctic Ocean (090)

Argentina (420)

Arizona (274)

Arkansas (241)

Armenia (572), Turkish Armenia (680)

Aruba (399)

Ascension Island (749.5)

83
Asia (600)

Assam (640.2)

Atlantic Coast (U.S.) (208)

Atlantic Ocean (051)

Austral Islands (960)

Australia (800)

Austria (533)

Azerbaijan (572.2)

Azores (749)

Azov, Sea of (060)

*Baden (530.5)

Baden-Wurttemburg (530.14)

Baffin Bay (054)

Baffin Land (980)

Bahamas (395)

Bahrain (675)

Baltic region (576)

Baltic Sea (057)

Baluchistan

 Irani territory (660)

 Pakistani territory (648)

Banda Sea (085) 

Bangladesh (648.5)

Barbados (397.1)

Barbuda (396)

Barca (710)

Barents Sea (092)

Basutoland, see Lesotho (786.5)

Bavaria (530.12), *(530.2)

Bayern, see Bavaria (530.12)

Beaufort Sea (091)

Bechuanaland, see Botswana (780.4)

Belarus (577)

Belgian Congo, see Congo, Democratic Republic (764)

Belgium (593)

Belize (formerly British Honduras) (382)

Bellingshausen Sea (096)

Bengal, Bay of (074)

Bengal, West (643.2)

Benin (formerly Dahomey) (747.5)

Bering Sea (082)

Berlin (530.19)

Bermuda (398)

Bhutan (615)

Bihar (640.4)

Black Sea (060)

Bolivia (440)

Bonaire (399)

Borneo, Central (910)

Borneo, North (911)

Bosnia (596.4)

84
Botswana (780.4)

Brandenburg (530.22)

Brazil (410) 

Bremen (530.112)

Bristol Channel (058)

British Columbia (180)

British East Africa

 see Kenya (775)

 see Tanzania (774)

 see Uganda (776)

British Guinea, see Guyana (480)

British Honduras, see Belize (382)

British Isles (510)

British Southwest Africa, see Namibia (781)

British Virgin Islands (394.2)

Brunei (911)

*Brunswick (530.8)

Bulgaria (595)

Burkina Faso (formerly Upper Volta) (747)

Burma, Union of (local name: Myanma or Myanmar) (647)

Burundi (770)

Byelorussia, see Belarus (577)

California (276)

California, Lower (Mexico) (320)

California, Gulf of (083)

Callisto (030.4)

Cambodia (local name: Kampuchea) (634)

Cameroon (formerly French Cameroon) (751)

Campeche (360)

Canada (100)

Canary Islands (749)

Cape Breton Island (120)

Cape Colony, see Cape of Good Hope (782)

Cape of Good Hope (782)

Cape Verde Islands (749)

Carme (030.7)

Caribbean Sea (063)

Caroline Islands (940)

Caspian Sea (068)

Caucasia or Caucasus (572)

Cayman Islands (392.2)

Celebes (910)

Celebes Sea (085)

Celtic Sea (058)

Central African Region (750)

Central African Republic (formerly Central African Empire, Ubangi-Shari) (756)

Central America (380)

Central States (U.S.) (249)

Cental States, Eastern (U.S.) (250)

Central States, Western (U.S.) (260) 

85
Ceylon, see Sri Lanka (649)

Chad (local name: Tchad) (757)

Chagos Archipelago (638)

Charon (034.1)

Chile (430)

China (610)

China Sea (086)

Chukchi Sea (093)

Clyde, Firth of (058)

Coast, Atlantic (208)

Coast, Gulf (209)

Colombia (460)

Colorado (271)

Comora (795)

Congo, Brazzaville, see Congo, Republic of (763)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the (formerly Belgian Congo, Congo (Leopoldville)

 Congo (Kinshasa), Zaire (764)

Congo, Republic of (formerly Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (763)

Connecticut (216)

Cook Islands (960)

Coral Sea (084) 

Corsica (540)

Costa Rica (386)

Cote d’Ivoire (formerly Ivory Coast) (746)

Crete (597)

Crna Gora (596)

Croatia (596.1)

Cuba (391)

Curacao (399)

Cyprus (684)

Cyrenaica (710)

Czech Republic (532.2)

Czechoslovakia (532)

Dahomey, see Benin (747.5)

Damaraland, see Namibia (formerly South-West Africa (781)

Davis Strait (054)

Deimos (031.1)

Delaware (224)

Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly Belgian Congo, Congo (Leopoldville), Congo

(Kinshasa), Zaire) (764)

Denmark (585)

Denmark Strait (055)

Dione (035.1)

Department of Guiana, see French Guiana (481)

District of Columbia (226)

Djibouti (formerly French Territory of Afars and Issas, French Somaliland) (772.5)

Dominica (397)

Dominican Republic (393.5)

Dutch Antilles (399)

Dutch East Indies, see Indonesia (910)

Dutch Guiana, see Surinam (482)

86
East Africa, State of, see Kenya (775)

East African Community

 see Kenya (775)

 see Tanzania (774)

 see Uganda (776) 

East African Region (769)

East China Sea (087)

East Germany (531)

East Pakistan, see Bangladesh (648.6)

East Siberian Sea (093) 

Easter Island (960)

Eastern Hemisphere (043)

Eastern Pacific Ocean (083)

Ecuador (465)

Egypt (720)

Eire (515)

El Salvador (384)

Elara (030.8)

Ellice Islands (960)

Enceladus (035.2)

England (520)

English Channel (056)

Equatorial Guinea, Republic (formerly Spanish Guinea) (741.5)

Eritrea (formerly part of Ethiopia) (772.1)

Estonia (573)

Ethiopia (772)

Eurasia (699)

Europa (030.2)

Europe (500)

Falkland Islands (497)

Fezzan (region of Libya) (710)

Fiji Islands (960)

Finland (579)

Firth of Clyde (058)

Flores Sea (085) 

Florida (234)

Formosa (after 1945) (611)

Formosa Strait (087)

France (540)

Franklin (188)

French Cameroon, see Cameroon (751)

French Equatorial Africa (Equatorial Africa; formerly French Congo)

 see Chad (757)

 see Gabon (756.4)

 see Congo, Republic of (formerly Congo (Brazzaville), Middle Congo) (763)

 see Central African Republic (formerly Central African Empire, Ubangi-Shari) (756) 

French Guiana (long form: Department of Guiana, short form: Guyane) (481)

French Guinea, see Guinea (745)

87
French Indochina

 see Cambodia (634)

 see Laos (632)

 see Vietnam (631)

French Somaliland, see Djibouti (772.5) 

French Sudan, see Mali (743) 

French Territory of the Afars and Issas, see Djibouti (772.5)

French West Africa 

 see Benin (formerly Dahomey) (747.5)

 see Gambia (formerly part of Guinea) (759)

 see Cameroon (formerly part of Guinea) (751)

 see Cote d’Ivoire (formerly Ivory Coast) (746)

 see Mali (formerly French Sudan) (743)

 see Mauritania (744)

 see Niger (750.1)

 see Senegal (756.2) 

French West Indies (397)

Friendly Islands, see Tonga (960)

Fukien (610.1)

Gabon (756.4)

Galapagos Islands (970)

Galicia (533.1)

Gambia (759)

Ganymede (030.3)

Georgia (U.S.) (233)

Georgia (Republic) (572.3)

German Democratic Republic (East Germany) (531)

German East Africa, see Tanzania (774)

German Federal Republic (West Germany) (530)

German Southwest Africa, see Namibia (781)

Germany (530)

Ghana (formerly Gold Coast) (753)

Gibraltar (560)

Gilbert Islands, see Kiribati (940)

Gold Coast, see Ghana (753)

Granada (397)

Great Britain (510)

Great Namaqualand, see Namibia (781)

Great Plains (200) or, see under specific U.S. states

Great Lakes (067)

Greece (597)

Greenland (980)

Greenland Sea (055)

Grenadines (397) 

Guam (970)

Gulf States (U.S.) (233.9)

Guadeloupe (397)

Guatemala (381)

Guiana, Department of, see French Guiana (481)

Guiana, Dutch (482)

88
Guiana, French (481)

Guinea, Equatorial Republic (741.5)

Guinea Republic (formerly French Guinea) (745)

Guinea -Bissau (formerly Portuguese Guinea) (742)

Gujarat (640.3)

Gulf Coast (U.S.) (209)

Guyana (formerly British Guiana) (480)

Guyane, see French Guiana (481)

Haiti (393.3)

Hamburg (530.111)

*Hanover-Celle (530.85)

Harayana (640.5)

Hawaii (950)

Herzegovina (596.4)

Hesse (530.16), *(530.6)

High Plains (200) or, see under specific U.S. states

Himachal Pradesh (640.51)

Himalia (030.9)

Hispaniola (393)

Holland (591)

Honan (610.2)

Honduras (383)

Hong Kong (610.51)

Hudson Bay (053)

Hudson Strait (053)

Hunan (610.3)

Hungary (534)

Hyperion (035.3)

Iapetus (035.4)

Iberian Peninsula (559) 

Iceland (587)

Idaho (283)

Ifni (740)

Illinois (253)

India (640)

Indian Ocean (070)

Indian Territory (U.S.) (243)

Indiana (252)

Indo-China (630)

Indonesia (formerly Dutch East Indies or Netherlands East Indies) (910)

Indonesian seas (085)

Io (030.1)

Ionian Islands (597)

Ionian Sea (059)

Iowa (262)

Iran (660)

Iraq (665)

Ireland (510)

Ireland, Northern (516)

89
Irish Sea (058)

Islands (geographic numbers)

 African (749)-(749.5),

(791)-(795)

 Asian (639)

 Australasian (899)

 East Indies (910)-(911)

 Greek (597)

 Oceania (979)

 Pacific (912)-(970),

(979)

 West Indies (390)

Israel (681)

Italian East Africa

 see Eritrea (772.2)

 see Ethiopia (772)

 see Italian Somaliland (part of Somalia) (773)

Italian Somaliland, see Somalia (773)

Italy (550)

Ivory Coast, see Cote d’Ivoire (746)

Jamaica (392)

Jammu (643.3)

Janus (035.5)

Japan (620)

Japan, Sea of (088) 

Java (910)

Java Sea (085)

Jordan (685)

Jupiter (planet) (030)

Kalimantan (910)

Kaliningrad Oblast (575)

Kamchatka (691)

Kampuchea, see Cambodia (634)

Kane Basin (054)

Kansas (267)

Kara Sea (093)

Karnataka (645)

Kashmir (643.3)

Kazakhstan (695)

Keewatin (186)

Kentucky (238)

Kenya (formerly British East Africa) (775)

Kerala (640.7)

Khabarousk Krai (691)

Kiangsi (610.4)

Kirghizstan, see Kyrgyzstan (695.6)

Kiribati, Republic of (formerly Gilbert Islands) (940)

Korea (North and South) (625)

Kuril Islands (693)

90
Kuwait (674)

Kwangtung (610.5)

Kweichow (610.6)

Kyrgyzstan (695.6)

Labrador (135)

Labrador Sea (054)

Ladrone Islands (940)

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Latin America (299)

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Little Namaqualand, see South African Republic (784)

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91
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Nagaland (641.5)

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Namaqualand (or Great Namaqualand or Namaland), see Namibia (781) 

Namibia (781)

Natal (786)

92
Nauru (940)

Navigator Islands, see Samoan Islands (960)

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93
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94
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95
Saxony-Anhalt (530.21)

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96
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97
Tonga, Kingdom of (short form: Tonga; formerly Friendly Islands) (960)

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98
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Zululand, see Natal (786)

99