65-32 Problems in depth perception: A method

of simulating objects moving in depth.
W. C. Gogel, and H. W. Mertens, 1965
(Dec.), 15 pp.

Equations were developed for the sim-
ulation, on a screen, of the movement of
an object or surface toward or away from
an observer by the movement of a posi-
tive photographic transparency of the
object or surface away or toward a point
source. The general case was examined
for simulating objects in which the dis-
tance of the observer from the screen

~18—

was constant, but not necessarily equal
to the distance of the point source from
the screen, Equations were developed
relating the dimensions of the rigid trans-
parency to those of the rigid simulated
object. These equations, under a wide
variety of conditions, permit the simula-
tion of surfaces or objects moving in
depth at any designated linear speed or
acceleration with respect to the observer.
As such, they provide a finely controlled
laboratory approach for the examination
of problems of depth perception in avia-
tion.


65-7

index of information — stress-related
symptoms — analyses of the data re-
vealed that: (1) Facilities differed sig-
nificantly in the incidence of reported
symptoms, but these differences could
not be attributed to shift-rotation sched-
ules; and (2) 8 hours or less between 2
successive shifts occasioned the highest
incidence of reported symptoms, and
more than 24 hours between shifts the
next highest.

Biomedical survey of ATC facilities: 2.
Experience and age. G. T. Hauty, D.
K. Trites, and W. J. Berkley, 1965
(Mar.), 21 pp.

From 6 enroute and 6 terminal air-
traffic-control (ATC) facilities selected
on the basis of differences between shift-
rotation schedules and high IFR traffic
volume, journeymen and assistant con-
trollers served as volunteer subjects to
complete a biomedical inventory daily
for a period of 90 consecutive days. The
inventory elicited information relating to
health, morale, behavioral habits, and
side effects of medications. Of 300
subjects, 209 fulfilled the daily reporting
requirements. For one index of informa-
tion — stress-related symptoms—analyses
of the data revealed that: (1) The
greater the number of years of ATC
experience and the greater the age of the
subject, the higher the incidence of
symptoms reported; and (2) of these
two relationships, the higher (more sig-
nificant) one was that involving years
of ATC experience.

Human factors of emergency evacua-
tion. S. R. Mohler, J. J. Swearingen, E.
B. McFadden, and J. D. Garner, 1965
(Sept.), 18 pp.

A summary of evacuation experience
since WW II in civil tests and actual
civilian airliner accidents is presented.
Results of recently conducted aeromedi-
cal research into means of affording the
more rapid evacuation of high-density
piston and jet passenger aircraft are
given. Recommendations are made rel-

65-10

~12—

ative to air crew training programs and
future aircraft design considerations.

Hydraulic model studies on ULF bal-
listocardiograms: Elimination of pulse
wave velocity in stroke volume compu-
tation. A. G. W. van Brummelen, W. R.
Scarborough, and W. K. T. Josenhans,
1965, 5 pp.

A hydrodynamic model of the sys-
temic circulatory system was mounted
on an ultralow-frequency ballistocardio-
graph (ULF-BCG). The relationship
between stroke volume and ballistocardi-
ographic amplitude was investigated for
different pulse wave velocities. It was
found that the amplitude of the displace-
ment ballistocardiogram is strongly cor-
related to stroke volume; however, the
relationship is highly dependent on pulse
wave velocity. There is also a combina-
tion of amplitude measurements that
gives a strong correlation between am-
plitude and stroke volume but which is
independent of pulse wave velocity. The
findings are of significance to techniques
of early diagnosis and prognosis of heart
disease,

Pupillary movement during acute and
chronic fatigue. O. Lowenstein, R. Fein-
berg, and I. Loewenfeld, 1965, 20 pp.
The pupillary waves of dilation and
contraction which accompany the waves
of arousal and drowsiness in the tired in-
dividual are one of the direct physiologic
expressions of cortico-diencephalic activ-
ity present at a particular moment. Their
quantitative, objective nature, their sen-
sitivity, and the ease with which they
can be recorded accurately make them
an ideal indicator of tiredness. As a
practical test, they can be used as an
index of the fatiguing effect of environ-
mental conditions, such as those occur-
ring in flight situations.
ATC system error and appraisal of con-
troller proficiency. W.¥.O’Connor, and
R. G. Pearson, 1965 (July), 32 pp.

System-oriented suggestions for the
design of an air-traffic-control (ATC)


Cutaneous 62-11 (2), 62-16 (3).
stimulation

Deceleration, rapid 62-8 (2), 62-10 (2), 62-19
(3), 63-15 (5), 63-30 (7),
65-12 (13).

Decompression 62-6 (2), 62-21 (3).

Depth perception 62-15 (3), 63-10 (5), 63-20
(6), 63-28 (7), 64-13 (10).

Design
Aircraft 63-35 (8).
Angular 64-15 (10).
accelerator
Shoulder 65-14 (13).
harness
Disease
Cerebrovascular 65-4 (11).
Neurologic 64-6 (9).
Disorientation 65-18 (14), 65-24 (16).
Ditching 65-7 (12).

Drugs, effects on
Body temperature 63-23 (6).

Performance on 64-18 (10).
flight simulator

Work capacity 63-34 (8).
Ear 63-19 (6), 65-1 (11), 65-2
(11).

Electrocardiogram 64-18 (10).
Electrocardiography 64-19 (11).

Electroencephalo- 63-21 (6), 64-18 (10).
gram

Electro-oculogram 64-18 (10).
Emergency, escape 63-30 (7).
Energy, expenditure 62-5 (1).

Engine noise 62-4 (1).
Engineering 63-9 (5),
Enzymology 62-10 (2).
Erythrocyte 63-8 (4).

Equipment
Acceleration
Oxygen
Water loss

Escape, emergency

Evacuation.

Evaluation, work
capacity

Examination,
medical

Exercise

Experience, previ-
ous on ATCS
performance

Eye, injury
Fatigue
Auditory

Physiological

Federal Aviation
Agency

Fibrinolytic
therapy

Fitness,
classification

Fixation, visual

Flammability, lip,
face and hair
preparations

Flight clothing
Free fall
“G” forces

Galvanic skin
response

Gerontology
Glyceryl] trinitrate

~ 24 ~

64-15 (10).
62-21 (3).
63-25 (7).
63-30 (7).
62-9 (2), 65-7 (12).
64-2 (8).

65-16 (14).
62-5 (1), 62-6 (2), 63-18

(6), 63-33 (7), 64-3 (8).
63-31 (7).

62-12 (2).

65-9 (12), 65-28 (16), 65-29
(17), 65-30 (17).

63-19 (6), 65-1 (11), 65-2
(11).

65-13 (13).

62-20 (3), 63-11 (5), 63-31
(7), 64-1 (8).

64-5 (9).
63-6 (4).

65-18 (14), 65-24 (16).
63-27 (7).

65-14 (13).
62-19 (3), 63-15 (5).
62-19 (3), 65-23 (15).
64-18 (10).

63-18 (6).
64-11 (9).


62-14

62-15

62-16

62-17

significance in particular to the future
SST and lightplane designs, plus all
other planes now on the drawing
board.

Determination of centers of gravity of
man. J. J. Swearingen, 1962 (Aug.),
37 pp.

During abrupt decelerations, the
occupant tends to spin around his
center of gravity. Consequently, the
design of shoulder harnesses and other
restraint systems must take this in-
formation into consideration. This
report has provided design engineers
with the requisite facts for considera-
tion.

The visual perception of size and dis-
tance. W. C. Gogel, 1962 (July), 19 pp.

The perception of the size of objects
and the depth between them is im-
portant in aviation. The importance
of perception of absolute distance,
convergence of the eyes, and accom-
modation is challenged. .A different
mechanism, the “adjacency principle,”
is proposed as the key process in
judging distance visually.

Absolute identifications of cutaneous
stimuli varying in both intensity level
and duration. G. R. Hawkes, 1962
(Sept.), 6 pp.

This report discusses the effects of
spacing, intensity, and duration of the
stimuli as well as immediate knowl-
edge of results and experience, upon
the amount of information that can
be transmitted by cutaneous com-
munication. The implications have a
bearing on tactile communication
processes.

Manipulation of arousal and its ef-
fects on human vestibular nystagmus
induced by caloric irrigation and
angular accelerations. W. E. Collins,
1962 (Oct.), 12 pp.

The results of several experiments,
in which methods were used to control
the psychological attitude of the sub-
ject during disorientation-producing
stimulation, are reported here. Active

—3-

62-18

62-19

62-20

62-21

mental work (such as occurs during
instrument flying) produces a
heightened responsivity of the nystag-
mus (involuntary eye flicks to and fro
which blur vision). The study bears
directly upon IFR vertigo problems.

Effect of increased venous pressure
on renal hemodynamics. L. B. Hin-
shaw, C. M. Brake, P. F. Iampietro,
and T. E. Emerson, Jr. 1962 (Oct.),
12 pp.

Pressure in the renal vein is in-
creased during changes in body pos-
ture, congestive heart failure, and,
relatively, in shock and low blood
pressure. The resultant effects upon
the kidney blood flow and urine
composition are poorly understood,
yet are important to the physical and
laboratory evaluation of airmen.

A case of survival of extreme vertical
impact in seated position. R. G.
Snyder, 1962 (Oct.), 15 pp.

Emerging from these studies is the
fact that the outer limits of human
impact survival are considerably
greater than was heretofore recog-
nized. The implications for crash
impact survival are of the greatest
significance.

Civil Aeormedical Research: Respon-
sibilities, aims, and accomplishments.
S. R. Mohler, 1962 (Oct.), 18 pp.

A comprehensive survey of the Civil
Aeromedical Research program of the
FAA is provided,. along with docu-
mented instances of specific contribu-
tions made to air safety.

An improved method for determining
the efficiency of crew and passenger
oxygen masks. E. B. McFadden, J. W.
Raeke, and J. W. Young, 1962 (Nov.),
16 pp.

A method of determining oxygen
mask leakage is evaluated. This
method. successfully determined the
deficiencies in a newly-designed pas-
senger oxygen mask which was sub-
sequently discarded.



AUTHOR INDEX

Each author’s name is followed by the identification numbers of the reports on which his
name appears. The numbers in parentheses indicate the pages of this catalog on which anno-
tations of the reports may be found.

Adams, T.

Allen, M. E.

Aviation Medical
Library, FAA

Balke, B.

Berkley, W. J.
Brake, C. M.

Brown, M. S.

van Brummelen,
A. G. W.

Capps, M. J.

Cobb, Jr., B. B.

Collins, W. E.

Crain, R. A.
Crane, C. R.
Culver, J. F.

63-23 (6), 63-25 (7), 65-16
(14), 65-28 (16), 65-29
(17), 65-30 (17).

Tech. Pub. #1 (8), 64-16
(10), 65-17 (14).

64-20 (11).

62-6 (2), 63-6 (4), 63-12
(5), 63-18 (6), 63-33 (7),
63-34 (8), 64-2 (8), 643
(8).

65-5 (11), 65-6 (12).

62-18 (3), 63-1 (4), 63-16
(5), 63-22 (6), 63-32 (7),
65-27 (16).

63-32 (7).
65-8 (12).

Tech. Pub. #1 (8), 64-14
(10), 65-1 (11, 65-2 (11).

62-2 (1), 62-3 (1), 63-31
(7), 65-19 (14), 65-22 (15).

62-17 (3), 63-3 (4), 63-13
(5), 63-14 (5), 63-29 (7),
Tech. Pub. #1 (8), 64-14
(10), 64-15 (10), 64-16
(10), 65-1 (11), 65-2 (11),
65-17 (14), 65-18 (14),
65-24 (16).

65-17 (14).
63-27 (7).
62-12 (2).

Daugherty, J. W.
Davis, A. W.
Dill, D. B.

Dille, J. R.

Duncan, J. C.
Earley, J. C.

Emerson, Jr., T. E.

Feinberg, R.
Fowler, P. R.
Freud, S. L.

Funkhouser, G. E.

Ganslen, R. V.
Garner, J. D.

Gogel, W. C.

Goldman, R. F.
Hasbrook, A. H.

Hauty, G. T.

Hawkes, G. R.
Higgins, E. A.

—-19-—

62-10 (2), 63-4 (4).
63-12 (5).
63-33 (7).

62-12 (2), 63-2 (4), 63-21
(6), 63-24 (6), 63-27 (7).

63-30 (7).
62-7 (2).

62-18 (3), 63-1 (4), 63-16
(5), 63-22 (6).

65-9 (12), 65-25 (16).
63-8 (4).

64-9 (9), 64-10 (9), 64-17
(10).

63-25 (7).
63-12 (5), 63-34 (8).

62-1 (1), 62-9 (2), 65-7
(12).

62-15 (3), 63-10 (5), 63-20
(6), 63-28 (7), 64-13 (10),
65-11 (13), 65-32 (18).

62-5 (1). -

62-7 (2), 62-9 (2), 62-13
(2), 65-14 (13).

65-5 (11), 65-6 (12), 65-16
(14), 65-28 (16), 65-29
(17), 65-30 (17).

62-11 (2), 62-16 (3).
63-23 (6).



Psychology

Arousal, effects
of

Reaction

Sensory

Testing

Visual

Work schedule,
effect of

Psychometrics

Psychophysics
Pupillary reflex
Radiosotopes

Reaction,
psychology

Regulation,
temperature
Rehabilitation

Renal function

Arterial occlusion
Autoregulation
Hemodynamics
Hypoxia
Ischemia

Stress

Rescue

62-17 (3), 63-19 (6), 63-25
(7), 63-29 (7), 65-1 (11),
65-2 (11).

65-5 (11), 65-6 (12), 65-16
(14).
63-3 (4), 63-13 (5), 63-14

(5), 64-14 (10), 65-18 (14),
65-24 (16).

61-1 (1), 62-2 (1), 62-3
(1), 63-31 (7), 65-19 (14),
65-21 (15), 65-22 (15).

62-15 (3), 63-10 (5), 63-20
(6), 63-28 (7), 64-9 (9),
e410 (9), 64-13 (10), 65-11
(13).

65-5 (11).
61-1 (1), 62-2 (1), 62-3

(1), 65-19 (14), 65-21 (15),
65-22 (15).

63-17 (6).
65-25 (16).
62:10 (2).

65-5 (11), 65-6 (12), 65-16
(14).

63-23 (6), 63-25 (7), 65-16
(14), 65-28 (16), 65-29 (17),
65-30 (17).

64-2 (8).

62-18 (3), 63-1 (4), 63-26
(7), 65-27 (16).

63-22 (6).
63-32 (7).
62-18 (3), 63-1 (4).
63-22 (6).
63-22 (6).
63-22 (6).
62-9 (2).

Research
Aeromedical

Ballistocardio-

graphic
Bibliography
Index

Translations
Respiration

Restraint systems
Rheoencephalo-
graphy
Safety
Aviation
Flying
Harness

Schedules, work
Seats, aircraft

Seizures

Selection, of ATCS
personnel

Sensation

Sensory function
Physiology

Psychology

Services, medical
Signals
Simulators, aircraft
Size

Cues

-—27-

63-35 (8), 64-1 (8), 65-12
(13).

64-12 (10), 65-8 (12).

63-30 (7).
62-20 (3), 63-2 (4).

Tech. Pub. #1 (8), 64-16
(10), 65-17 (14).

62-21 (3), 63-11 (5), 64-18
(10).

63-30 (7).
65-4 (11).

65-23 (15).
63-35 (8).

62-13 (2), 62-14 (3), 65-23
(15).

65-5 (11), 65-6 (12).

62-1 (1), 62-7 (2), 62-13
(2), 62-14 (3), 65-20 (14),
65-23 (15).

64-6 (9).

61-1 (1), 62-2 (1), 623
(1), 63-31 (7), 65-19 (14),
65-21 (15), 65-22 (15).

63-17 (6), 63-19 (6), 63-29
(7), 65-18 (14), 65-24 (16).

62-17 (3), 63-3 (4), 63-13
(5), 63-14 (5), 64-14 (10).

63-29 (7), 65-18 (14), 65-24
(16).

65-3 (11).
62-11 (2), 62-16 (3).
64-18 (10).

62-15 (3), 63-28 (7), 64-13
(10).



Autonomic nervous
system

Autoregulation,
kidney

Aviation
Accidents

Injuries

Medicine

Personnel
Safety

Seats

Ballistocardio-
graphy

Bibliography

Binaural hearing
Binocular disparity

Biochemical
toxicology

Birds

Blood
Measurement
Pressure

Blood Flow,
pulmonary

Body
Center of gravity

Flailing during
deceleration

63-5 (4).

63-32 (7).

62-4 (1), 62-7 (2), 63-35
(8), 65-7 (12).

62-1 (1), 62-13 (2), 62-14
(3), 62-19 (3), 63-9 (5),
63-15 (5), 63-35 (8), 65-20
(14).

62-20 (3), 63-11 (5), 64-4
(8), 64-5 (9), 64-6 (9),
64-7 (9), 64-8 (9), 64-18
(10), 64-20 (11), 65-4 (11),
65-17 (14), 65-26 (16).

65-7 (12).
65-23 (15).

62-1 (1), 62-7 (2), 62-13
(2), 62-14 (3), 65-20 (14),
65-23 (15).

64-12 (10), 65-8 (12), 65-15
(13).

63-30 (7), Tech. Pub. #1
(8), 64-16 (10), 64-20 (11),
65-15 (13), 65-17 (14).

63-7 (4).
63-10 (5).
63-4 (4).

62-4 (1).

63-8 (4).
62-18 (3).
64-11 (9).

62-14 (3).
62-13 (2).

Temperature

Tolerances
Brain damage

Coloric nystagmus

Cardiology

Cardiorespiration

Cardiovascular
disease

Case reports
Cell volume

Cerebrovascular
disease

Circadian rhythm
Civil aviation

Clinical techniques

Clot dissolution
therapy

Cold, tolerance

Communication
theory

Consciousness,
inflight loss of

Control Systems,
air traffic

Controllers, air
traffic

Crash injury

Crews, air
Crop dusting

— 23 —

63-23 (6), 65-16 (14), 65-28
(16), 65-29 (17), 65-30 (17).

62-6 (2).

64-9 (9), 64-10 (9), 64-17
(10).

62-17 (3), 63-3 (4), 65-18
(14), 65-24 (16).

64-2 (8), 64-8 (9), 6412
(10), 64-19 (11), 65-8 (12),
65-15 (13).

64-3 (8).
64-4 (8).

62-19 (3), 63-21 (6).
63-8 (4).
65-4 (11).

65-16 (14), 65-28 (16),
65-29 (17), 65-30 (17).

62-20 (3), 63-4 (4), 63-11
(5), 65-26 (16).

62-17 (3), 63-8 (4).
64-5 (9).

62-6 (2).
62-11 (2), 62-16 (3).

63-21 (6).
65-10 (12).

61-1 (1), 62-2 (1), 62-3 (1),
65-5(11), 65-6 (12), 65-19
(14), 65-21 (15), 65-22
(15), 65-26 (16).

62-19 (3), 63-9 (5), 63-15
(5), 63-35 (8).

64-18 (10).

63-4 (4), 63-16 (5), 63-24
(6), 63-26 (7).



65-24

Adaptation to vestibular disorientation:
Il. Nystagmus and vertigo following
high-velocity angular accelerations. W.
E. Collins, 1965 (Sept.), 10 pp.

On a daily basis, professional figure
skaters expose themselves, without any
apparent ill effects, to levels of vestibular
stimulation which would induce vertigo,
disorientation, and perhaps nausea in
ordinary subjects. The present study
indicates that, in the absence of visual
cues, the skaters give relatively normal-
appearing responses to caloric stimula-
tion, passive rotation, and on-ice spins,
and that they become disoriented and
lose their balance while attempting to
maneuver after spinning. These data
show: that the human semicircular can-
als, without incurring damage, can with-
stand stimulation of a much higher order
than previously supposed; that proposed
training of pilots to overcome disorienta-
tion may result in adaptation that is
specific to the training condition; that
persons with considerable experience in
vertigo-producing situations may still
suffer adverse effects when visual refer-
ences to the external world are not pres-
ent; that in the absence of visual cues
external to the aircraft, immediate re-
liance on instrument flight is essential.

Latency of pupillary reflex to light stim-
ulation and its relationship to aging. R.
Feinberg, and E. Podolak, 1965 (Sept.),
14 pp.

A method is described for measuring
pupillary contraction latency period re-
gardless of initial absolute pupil dia-
meter. Pupillary contraction latency
period was found to increase with age,
as does original pupil size. A limited
number of subjects with myopia coupled
with mydriasis had relatively long la-
tency periods. The technique is useful
in the examination of processes associ-
ated with aging.

Anthropometry of Air Traffic Control
trainees. C.C. Snow, and R. G. Snyder,
1965 (June), 14 pp.

65-28

—16—

This report presents the body meas-
urements of 684 Air Traffic Control
trainees enrolled in training programs
conducted at the Federal Aviation
Agency, Aeronautical Center at Okla-
homa City between August 12, 1960 and
June 30, 1961. It includes the means,
standard deviations, coefficients of vari-
ation, percentiles and related statistics
of sixty standard anthropometric arid
functional measurements. The survey
was initiated in order to provide ade-
quate criteria for improving the work-
space design for the Air Traffic Control-
ler and to provide anthropometric base-
line data for future biometric and aging
studies of Air Traffic Service personnel.

Intrarenal hemodynamic changes fol-
lowing acute partial renal arterial oc-
clusion. C. M. Brake, D. Reins, and L.
E. Wittmers, 1965 (Oct.), 13 pp.

The effects upon the kidney of stres-
ses associated with aviation problems
such as explosive decompression were
examined. Partial renal artery occlusion,
with a reduction in pressure to forty or
fifty per cent of control or lower, re-
sulted in a decrease in renal vascular re-
sistance during the period of partial oc-
clusion followed by a marked increase in
resistance following release of the ob-
struction. Absence of an immediate de-
creased resistance following release of
partial occlusion, suggests that dilation,
autoregulation, and constriction (pres-
ence of constrictor substance(s)) are
opposing forces during partial occlusion.
Results exclude the participation of
catecholamines in the constrictor re-
sponse and suggest the elaboration of
renin by the partially ischemic kidney.

Phase shifts of the human circadian sys-
tem and performance deficit during the
period of transition: I. East-West
flight. G. T. Hauty, and T. Adams,
1965 (Dec.), 9 pp.

At periodic intervals throughout the
biological day, biomedical tests were
made for a week prior to jet flight to
Manila, for 8 days of layover at Manila,


63-34

Effects of some tranquilizing, analeptic
and vasodilating drugs on physical work
capacity and orthostatic tolerance. R
V. Ganslen, B. Balke, E. E. Phillips, and
F. Nagle, 1963, (Dec.), 8 pp.

Serious incidents and fatal accidents
may be precipitated by emotional indif-
ference to suddenly arising problems or
as a consequence of delayed circulatory
responses during flight maneuvers. In
this study attempts were made to explore
effects of tranquilizing and analeptic
drugs, and results raise a question about
the safety of people engaged in the op-
eration of aircraft when “sedated” by
certain of these drugs.

Human factors aspects of lightplane
safety. R. G. Pearson, 1963 (Dec.), 13
pp.

Aircraft accident investigation and
aeromedical research efforts are related
for the purpose of clarifying research
needs. Programs of biomedical and
human engineering research as they re-
late to lightplane safety are described.

Tech. Pub.

No. 1

Annotated bibliography of recently
translated material. I. W. E. Collins,
J. V. Tobias, M. J. Capps, and M. E.
Allen, 1963 (Aug.), 8 pp.

An annotated bibliography of transla-
tions of foreign-language research articles
in the field of aviation medicine is
presented.

Studies on aging in aviation personnel.
A. E. Wentz, 1964 (Aug.), 12 pp.
Investigative work on clinical aspects
of aging in aviation personnel is being
conducted in the cardiovascular, neu-
rological, pulmonary, vision and auditory,
and the biochemical systems. Behavioral
tasks are incorporated in the individual
survey. Subjects for studies are selected
from aviation personnel, Significant
numbers for each 10-year age group will
be examined annually for buildup of in-
dividual profiles. Consecutive studies
should develop techniques for rating

—8—

physiological aging in individuals; for
evaluating and detecting pathological
states at earliest age; and to aid in formu-
lating physical standards by physiologi-
cal rather than chronological age, in
aviation personnel.

The effect of physical conditioning on
an individual before and after suffering
a myocardial infarction. J. Naughten,
B. Balke, and F. Nagle, 1964 (Jan.),
10 pp.

This report deals with the value of a
regular program of physical conditioning
in the prevention of clinically manifest
coronary artery disease. The need for
such a program might be especially great
in individuals employed in a relatively
sedentary occupation requiring little
strenuous physical activity but great
mental alertness.

The gradational step test for assessing
cardiorespiratory capacity: An experi-
mental evaluation of treadmill and step
test procedures. F. Nagle, and B. Balke,
1964 (Jan.), 12 pp.

The definite need for an objective
and practical test of cardiorespiratory
adaptive capacity exists in aviation
medicine, As a result of this study a
suitable device and a feasible testing
procedure for the assessment of func-
tional adaptive capacity have evolved.

Cardiovascular health status, age, and
psychological performance. W. Spieth,
1964, 8 pp.

Psychological performance tests and a
series of elaborate research tests were
administered to more than 600 pilots
and air traffic controllers, in addition to
the standard legally-prescribed physical
examination for aviation medical certifi-
cation. Cardiovascular disease was found
to be associated with slow, and to a les-
ser extent, poor performance. It is sug-
gested that much of the typical down-
ward trend of performance with age is a
reflection of cardiovascular diseases
rather than of aging per se.




63-9

Studies of air loads on man. J. J Swear-
ingen, and E. B. McFadden, 1963
(May), 8 pp.

Data obtained in three different
studies related to measurement of
forces on the body due to air move-
ment are summarized. The effects of
short duration blast forces on per-
sonnel seated or standing at various
distances from openings during pres-
sure loss, blast forces necessary to
disorient the body from numerous
positions, effects of clothing on the
drag forces, and measurements of
forces and moments on the body
during wind tunnel tests are discussed
and compared.

63-10 The perception of depth from binocu-

63-11

63-12

lar disparity. W. C. Gogel, 1963
(May), 10 pp.

An investigation of the importance
of so-called “monocular cues” upon
the depth perception resulting from
binocular cues was carried out in a
visual alley. Results provide informa-
tion concerning visual cues en-
countered by the pilot in a “landing-
strip” situation.

“In vivo” measurement of total gas
pressure in mammalian tissue. M. T.
Lategola, 1963 (July), 7 pp.

An in vivo method for the quantita-
tive estimation of total gas pressure in
mammalian tissue is described. This
technique is of value to rapid decom-
pression studies concerning high alti-
tude flight.

The mitigation of physical fatigue
with “spartase”. F. Nagle, B. Balke,
R. V. Ganslen, and A. W. Davis, 1963
(July), 10 pp.

An evaluation was made of the ef-
fects of the drug “spartase” on work
capacity before and after episodes of
physically fatiguing exercises. Results
indicate that the drug is effective in
mitigating physical fatigue in un-
trained individuals engaging in strenu-
ous work such as that engaged in by
flight controllers and many other
aviation personnel.

—5-

63-13

63-14

63-15,

63-16

Primary, secondary, and caloric nys-
tagmus of the cat following habitua-
tion to rotation. W. E. Collins, 1963
(July), 19 pp.

A study was made of adaptation of
vestibular responses to angular accel-
erations and of generalization of this
adaptation to other disorienting stimu-
lation. Findings indicate a need for
the establishment of appropriate test-
ing techniques for the analysis of
vestibular function in air- or space-
vehicle crew members. Responses to
a clinical stimulus may not give an
accurate index of the start of adapta-
tion to angular accelerations.

Nystagmus responses of the cat to
rotation and to directionally equiva-
lent and non-equivalent stimuli after
unilateral caloric habituation. W. E.
Collins, 1963 (Aug.), 10 pp.

The questions of habituation to dis-
orientation-producing stimulation and
of subsequent transfer of adaptation
were investigated. Data obtained
concerning specificity of direction of
response-reduction parallel observa-
tions of a relationship between direc-
tional preponderance of nystagmus in
certain pilots and their choice of di-
rection in “rolling” their aircraft.

Human survivability of extreme im-
pacts in free-fall. R. G. Snyder, 1963
(Aug.), 29 pp.

Human deceleration tolerances were
studied through case histories of
survivors of extremely abrupt impacts
in free-falls, including a large number
of individuals who fell from aircraft
in flight. A detailed analysis of fac-
tors found to affect survivability in
free-fall impacts is made.

Mechanisms of action of the insecti-
cide endrin. T. E. Emerson, Jr., C. M.
Brake, and L. B. Hinshaw, 1963 (Aug.),
15 pp.

Cardiovascular effects of endrin in-
secticide are obscure, and pose a
problem in crop dusting operations.

’ Experiments were carried out to in-



63-1

The development of reversible hema-
turia and oliguria following elevation
of renal venous pressure. T. E. Emer-
son, Jr., L. B. Hinshaw, C. M. Brake,
and P. F. Iampietro, 1963 (Jan.), 5 pp.

This type of research is aimed to-
ward helping the FAA to develop
more accurately the aeromedical
standards regarding proteinuria in air-
men applicants. There is some dis-
parity in this area at present, as evi-
denced by the fact that postural
proteinuria is considered disqualifying
by the U. S. Air Force, but not so by
the FAA Aviation Medical Service.

Resume and index of reports of the
Civil Aeromedical Research Institute
1961-1962. S. R. Mohler, and R. J.
Dille, 1963 (Feb.), 6 pp.

This resume and index provides a
ready reference for use by those en-
gaged in civil aviation and related
activities. A descriptive statement of
each CARI report published in 1961
and 1962 is presented.

Observations on the elicitation of sec-
ondary and inverted primary nystag-
mus from the cat by unilateral caloric
irrigation. W. E. Collins, 1963 (Feb.),
11 pp.

The findings are related to adapta-
tion of the vestibular system and
provide a basis for a theoretical frame-
work of vestibular adaptation to dis-
orientation-producing stimulation.

Problems in aerial application: II. Ef-
fects of chlorinated hydrocarbons on
substrate-linked phosphorylation. J.W.
Daugherty, D. E. Lacey, and P. Korty,
1963 (Mar.), 5 pp.

The mechanism of the harmful
effects of toxic substances on the
performance of aerial application per-
sonnel lies at the cellular level. Ef-
fective field detection of early toxicity
and the application of sound preven-
tive methods can only be achieved
following an understanding of the
biochemical mechanisms involved.

—4-

63-5

63-7

63-8

Neural control of the ciliary muscle.
C. E. Melton, Jr., 1963 (Mar.), 11 pp.

“Space myopia” and “night myopia”
will be encountered by civil aircraft
pilots with increasing frequency as
newer and faster aircraft (e.g., the
supersonic transport) become opera-
tional. This report explains the neural
mechanisms involved in these condi-
tions.

A simple field test for the assessment
of physical fitness. B. Balke, 1963
(Apr.), 8 pp.

A 15 minute “best-effort” run can
be utilized as a substitute for a stand-
ard laboratory work capacity test. The
run constitutes a satisfactory assess-
ment of the potentially available func-
tional reserves in personnel directly
involved in operations of general, com-
mercial, and military aviation.

Relation of earphone transient re-
sponse to measurement of onset-dura-
tion. J. V. Tobias, and L. A. Jeffress,
1963 (Mar.), 3 pp.

Measurements of the transient re-
sponse of PDR-8 earphones indicate
that the onset-duration of auditory
stimuli can be revised downward to
0.8 ms. Results provide cautions. in
evaluating the output characteristics
of commonly used earphones with
short- or single- transient inputs.

Calibration of an electronic counter
and pulse height analyzer for plotting
erythrocyte volume spectra. J. M.
McKenzie, P. R. Fowler, and P. J.
Lyne, 1963 (Mar.), 8 pp.

Certain studies of blood samples
drawn from large numbers of airmen
are hampered by the lack of rapid and
efficient means of obtaining quantita-
tive data on red cells. The calibration
technique reported here permits a
greater degree of accuracy and speed
in measuring cell volume spectra than
is presently available with conven-
tional techniques.


65-29

and for a week following return to the
environment of origin, Data indicated:
(1) Rapid translocation through 10 time
zones effected a primary phase shift of
circadian periodicity in several physio-
logical functions. (Phase shifts for rec-
tal temperature and heart rate were
completed in approximately 4 days; pal-
mar evaporative water loss took ap-
proximately 8 days.) (2) Return back
to the environment of origin produced
a phase shift which was completed with-
in 1 day. (3) Reaction time tasks and
subjective reports showed degradation
during the primary period of transition
and, to a lesser extent, during the period
of transition occasioned by return to the
environment of origin. (4) Duration
of the decline in behavioral tests was
much shorter than the lag time of physi-
ological phase shifts.

Phase shifts of the human circadian sys-
tem and performance deficit during the
periods of transition: Il. West-East
flight. G. T. Hauty, and T. Adams,
1965 (Dec.), 24 pp.

At periodic intervals throughout the
biological day, biomedical tests were
made for a week prior to jet flight to
Rome, for 12 days at Rome, and for a
week following return to Oklahoma City.
Data indicated: (1) Rapid transloca-
tion through 7 time zones effected a pri-
mary phase shift of circadian periodicity
for rectal temperature and heart rate
(time required for completion of phase
shift was 4-6 days and 6-8 days, respec-
tively). (2) Return back to the en-
vironment of origin also produced a
phase shift in rectal temperature which,
for 2 subjects, was completed in less than
5 days and, for the 2 remaining subjects,
was not completed within 5 days. (3)
Increase in subjective fatigue occurred
during the primary period of transition
and following return to the environment
of origin but psychological perforniance
on several tests was not impaired during
either period. (4) Duration of subjec-

65-30

65-31

-17-

tive fatigue was shorter than the time
lag of the physiological phase shifts.

Phase shifts of the human circadian sys-
tem and performance deficit during the
periods of transition: III. North-South
flight. G. T. Hauty, and T. Adams, 1965
(Dec.), 22 pp.

At periodic intervals throughout the
biological day, biomedical tests were
made for a week prior to jet flight to
Santiago, for 12 days at Santiago, and
for a week following return to Washing-
ton, D. C. From a comparison of these
data with those obtained from East-West
and West-East flights, the following
conclusions were derived: (1) While
East-West and West-East flights pro-
duced a primary phase shift of circadian
periodicity manifested by certain physio-
logical functions, the North-South flight
did not. (2) All 3 flights produced a
significant increment of subjective fa-
tigue. (3) Significant impairment of
psychological test performance occurred
only in the East-West flight.

Development and evaluation of a radar
air traffic control research task. R. G.
Pearson, C. E. Hunter, and G. L. Neal,
1965 (Dec.), 103 pp.

A system is described in which various
elements of the radar air traffic control-
ler’s tasks can be simulated. Automatic
programming tests such operator skills
as vigilance, problem solving, monitor-
ing, and reaction time. Electronic scor-
ing of subject responses is accomplished
automatically. Approximately eight
hours of practice are required for sub-
jects to achieve a stable level of profici-
ency on subtasks. Suggestions are made
for use of the system in human factors
research on ATC operator problems and
for modification as a training device.
Technical appendices include description
of a complete problem script and of the
electrical engineering design character-
istics of the programming-data acquisi-
tion system.



63-25

63-28

63-29

A method for the measurement of
physiologic evaporative water loss. T.
Adams, G. E. Funkhouser, and W. W.
Kendall, 1963 (Oct.), 15 pp.

The precise measurement of evapo-
rative water loss is essential in estab-
lishing an index of emotional stress of
the type that is frequently encountered
in various aviation situations demand-
ing great mental alertness and applica-
tion. This report describes a tech-
nique for measuring local sweat re-
sponses which is accurate, relatively
inexpensive, and highly stable.

Acute and chronic effects of the in-
secticide endrin on renal function and
renal hemodynamics. D. A. Reins,
D. D. Holmes, and L. B. Hinshaw,
1963 (Oct.), 9 pp.

Chronic and acute effects of the

insecticide endrin on renal function
were studied. Results of the study
provide information concerning insec-
ticide poisoning during aerial applica-
tion.
The flammability of lip, face and
hair preparations in the presence of
100% oxygen. J. R. Dille, C. R.
Crane, and G. E. Pendergrass, 1963
(Nov.), 5 pp.

Examination was made of possible
hazards created by the combination
of the widespread use in aviation of
high concentrations of oxygen and the
common practice of using hydrocar-
bon preparations on the lips, face, and
hair.

Size cues and the adjacency principle.
W. C. Gogel, 1963 (Nov.), 8 pp.

A study of visual cue systems op-
erative in flight and landing situations
is presented. The perception of rel-
ative depth from size cues is explained
through the “adjacency principle.”
Task-control of arousal and the effects
of repeated unidirectional angular ac-
celeration on human vestibular re-
sponses. W. E. Collins, 1963 (Nov.),
26 pp.

Adaptation of human vestibular
responses to disorientation-producing

-—7-—

63-30

63-31

63-33

stimulation during the performance of
attention-demanding tasks was in-
vestigated. Results of the study pro-
vide information relative to questions
of spatial orientation which have been
of interest in aviation medicine since
World War I.

Biomedical research studies in ac-
celeration. R. G. Snyder, J. Ice, J. C.
Duncan, A. S. Hyde, and S. Loverett,
Jr., 1963 (Dec.), 3,072 pp.

A comprehensive bibliography of

biomedical research studies in accelera-
tion, impact, weightlessness, vibration,
and emergency escape and restraint
systems is presented.
Problems in air traffic management:
IV. Comparison of pre-employment,
job-related experience with aptitude
tests as predictors of training and job
performance of air traffic control
specialists. D. K. Trites, and B. B.
Cobh, Jr., 1963 (Dec.), 11 pp.

An examination of problems in air
traffic management is presented. A
study of over 700 air traffic control
trainees revealed that different kinds.
of pre-employment, and job-related
experience had differential value for
the prediction of training performance.
Mechanism of autoregulation in the
intact kidney. L. B. Hinshaw, T. E.
Emerson, Jr., and C. M. Brake (With
the assistance of M. S. Brown, and
F. D. Masucci), 1963 (Dec.), 12 pp.

Man in flight may encounter en-
vironmental conditions which mark-
edly affect renal hemodynamics. This
study serves to reveal the important
links between intrinsic-extrinsic con-
trolling mechanisms in renal: hemo-
dynamics operative in man during
conditions of stress.

Work tolerance: Age and altitude.
D. B. Dill, S. Robinson, B. Balke, and
J. L. Newton, 1963 (Dec.), 8 pp.

An investigation was made of work
capacity as a function of age and alti-
tude. The maximum capacity for
oxygen intake declined with age,
both at high altitude and at sea level.



Habituation,
vestibular

Harness, safety

Head
Health, ATCS

Hearing
Heart rate

Heat, tolerance

Hematology
Hematuria

Hemodynamics
Human engineering

Human factors

Hyperemia,
reactive

Hyperpyrexia

Hyperventilation,
tolerance

Hypoxia
Renal

Impact
Landing :
Shock

Trauma

Incident reporting

Infarction,
myocardial

Inflight, vertigo
and loss of
consciousness

63-14 (5), 64-14 (10), 65-18
(14), 65-24 (16).

62-13 (2), 62-14 (3), 65-14
(13), 65-23 (15).

65-20 (14).
65-6 (12).

63-17 (6), 63-19 (6), 65-1
(11), 65-2 (11).

65-16 (14), 65-28 (16),
65-29 (17), 65-30 (17).

62-6 (2).
63-15 (5).
63-1 (4).

62-18 (3), 63-1 (4), 63-16
(8).

62-1 (1), 62-7 (2), 62-21
(3), 64-1 (8).

62-20 (3), 63-9 (5), 63-11
(5), 63-35 (8), 65-26 (16),
65-31 (17).

63-22 (6).

64-8 (9).
62-6 (2),

62-21 (3).
63-22 (6).
63-30 (7).
65-12 (13).
62-1 (1), 65-20 (14).

62-19 (3), 63-15 (5), 65-12
(13).

65-10 (12).
64-2 (8).

63-21 (6).

Injuries

Aviation

Crash

Insecticides, toxic
hazards of

Instrumentation

Angular
accelerator

Evaporative
water loss

Intercontinental
jet flight

Ischemia, renal

Job, performance

Joints, physiology
Kidney
and Insecticides

and Vascular
resistance

as a Secretor
Autoregulation
Function
Preparations
Kinesiotherapy
Landing, impact
Measurement

Mechanism,
autoregulation

Medical Services,
at Airports

Medicine
Aerospace

Aviation

Research

~~

62-1 (1), 62-13 (2), 62-14
(3), 65-20 (14).

62-7 (2), 62-9 (2), 62-19
(3), 63-9 (5), 63-15 (5),
63-35 (8).

62-10 (2), 63-4 (4), 63-16
(5), 63-24 (6), 63-26 (7).

65-31 (17), 65-32 (18).
64-15 (10).

63-25 (7).

65-16 (14), 65-28 (16),
65-29 (17), 65-30 (17).

63-22 (6).
61-1 (1), 62-3 (1), 63-31
(7).

65-14 (13).

63-26 (7).
63-22 (6), 65-27 (16).

63-22 (6).
63-32 (7).
65-27 (16).
62-18 (3).
63-18 (6).
65-12 (13).
63-7 (4), 64-1 (8).
63-32 (7).

65-3 (11).

65-5 (11), 65-6 (12),
62-20 (3), 63-11 (5).

62-20 (3), 63-11 (5), 64-18
(10), 65-17 (14), 65-26 (16).

63-35 (8), 65-12 (13).



AM 66-1

AVIATION MEDICINE REPORTS:

An Annotated Catalog of Office of Aviation Medicine Reports:
1961 Through 1965

Mary Ellen Allen
Stanley R. Mohler, M.D.

Approved by Released by
Dill cite [USiagel m0
‘J. Rosert Dire, M.D. P. V. Srecer, M.D.
Cuter, Crvin AEROMEDICAL : Feprrat Am Surczon
InstrruTe

January 1966

FEDERAL AVIATION AGENCY
Office of Aviation Medicine



64-12

64-13

64-14

64-15

in animals with an intact circulation,
with a mechanical pump substituted for
the left ventricle and with the pump by-
passing the right ventricle. The results
of the experiments indicate that the di-
rect effect of GTN in the pulmonary cir-
cuit is to decrease pulmonary vascular
resistance. The observed increase in
pulmonary artery pressure in intact sub-
jects following the injection of GTN is
due to increased pulmonary blood flow.

Comments on progress in ballistocardio-
graphic research and the current state of
the art. W. R. Scarborough, 1964,
24 pp.

Presented is an overview of the field
of ballistocardiographic (BCG) research,
including a discussion of instrumental
considerations, the physiological signific-
ance of the ballistocardiogram, and a
review of clinical investigations. The
BCG shows much promise in the detec-
tion of cardiac problems in people under
40 years of age.

The size cue to visually perceived dis-
tance. W. C. Gogel, 1964 (Jan.), 25 pp.

This study deals with the size cue as
an important determiner of apparent dis-
tance, and provides information relative
to distance judgments required in flight
situations. Results indicate that both
perceived size and retinal size are in-
volved in both the relative and familiar
size cue to relative depth.

Effects of bilateral caloric habituation
on nystagmus responses of the cat. M.
J. Capps, and W. E. Collins, 1964 (Sept.),
22 pp.

Adaptation to disorientation-producing
stimulation and subsequent generaliza-
tion of adaptation were examined. Re-
sults have possible application to the as-
sessment of performance capabilities
during disorienting stimulation.

Design and performance characteristics
of a mechanically driven vestibular stim-
ulator. W. E. Collins, and H. W. Huff-
man, 1964 (Oct.), 9 pp.

64-16

64-17

64-18

—10-—

In order to determine ‘response char-
acteristics of mammalian vestibular sys-
tems, the systems so important for spatial
orientation in aviation, a device to pro-
vide programs of controlled angular ac--
celerations is required. The rotation de-
vice described in this report was de-
signed to meet this need.

Aviation Medicine Translations: An-
notated bibliography of recently trans-
lated material. I. J. V. Tobias, W. E.
Collins, and M. E. Allen, 1964 (Oct.),
10 pp.

An annotated bibliography of transla-
tions of foreign-language research articles
of importance in aviation medicine is
presented. The publication provides re-
searchers with information which might
otherwise be unavailable and prevents

duplication of translation costs and
efforts.

The physiological locus of the spiral
aftereffect. S. L. Freud, 1964, 8 pp.

As an Archimedes spiral is rotated, an
illusory motion of swelling or shrinking,
depending on the direction of rotation,
will be perceived. If, after the spiral is
rotated, it is stopped and the subject
looks at a stationary spiral, an after-
effect of motion (the spiral aftereffect—
SAE) opposite to that produced by the
moving spiral will be seen. The SAE
can be used as a device to produce ver-
tigo and as a diagnostic test for organic
brain damage in aeromedical evaluations.
Results of the present study indicate
that a major central component exists for
the SAE.

Physiological recording from pilots op-
erating an aircraft simulator. C. E.
Melton, Jr., 1964 (Sept.), 11 pp.

Ten physiological records were ob-
tained from each of six pilots performing
simulated flight problems in a C-97 air-
craft simulator, The techniques devel-
oped during this study are suitable for
physiological recording from subjects in
the work situation.


64-5

Current status of clot dissolution ther-
apy. K.M. Moser, 1964, 8 pp.

The threat of venous and _ arterial

thromboembolism is a constant compan-
ion of virtually every practicing physi-
cian, including those engaged in aviation
medicine. Clot dissolution using fibri-
nolytic agents is a promising approach to
the treatment of thromboembolic dis-
ease, particularly peripheral venous and
arterial occlusion. The present report
considers the concept of fibrinolytic
therapy, the available agents, and prob-
lems surrounding application of the
agents. Limitations of these prepara-
tions are discussed.
Unsuspected neurologic disease in avia-
tion personnel: Survival following seiz-
ures in flight. J. H. Seipel, and A. E.
Wentz, 1964, 7 pp.

The problem of the early detection of

neurological disease in aviation personnel
is serious because of the possibility of
the sudden and catastrophic incapacity
that may result from such disease. Case
histories illustrating important facets of
neurological disease, its etiology, and its
management are presented. Cases pre-
sented were selected from those of a
large number of airmen with neurologi-
cal problems bearing on aviation medical
certification.
Chronic thrombotic obstruction of major
pulmonary arteries. V. N. Houk, C. A.
Hufnagel, J. E. McClenathan, and K. M.
Moser, 1964, 14 pp.

Reported is a case of chronic massive
thromboembolic occlusion of major
pulmonary arterial branches successfully
treated with embolectomy and en-
dorterectomy. The historic features,
physical signs and pathophysiologic al-
terations which form the basis for the
diagnosis of this disorder are reviewed.
Cardiopulmonary consequences of
pryogen-induced hyperpyrexia in man.
K. M. Moser, R. B. Perry, and P. C.
Luchsinger, 1964, 9 pp.

Detailed cardiopulmonary studies
were carried out in ten male subjects free

64-10

64-11

-~9-

of overt cardiopulmonary disease before
and at four intervals after intravenous
injection of a pyrogenic lipopolysacchar-
ide extract of gram-negative bacilli. The
data indicate that the degree of temper-
ature elevation cannot be used as a re-
liable guide to degree of cardiac or res-
piratory alteration induced by a pyrogen
reaction, It is concluded that the acute
cardiopulmonary burdens imposed by a
pyrogen reaction may be of sufficient
magnitude to promote decompensation
in patients with compromised cardiac or
respiratory function.

Duration of spiral aftereffect as a func-
tion of retinal size, place, and hemiretin-
al transfer. S. L. Freud, 1964, 7 pp.

A large number of studies have been
performed on the diagnostic application
of the spiral aftereffect (SAE) as a test
for organic brain damage. Review of the
clinical literature reveals that distance
from the subject to the spiral and the
objective spiral size often vary from
experiment to experiment. Results of
the present study on the underlying
physiological mechanisms indicate that
size of retinal image is a potent variable,
and it is proposed that a standard spiral
size and testing distance be introduced
for clinical use.

Duration as a measure of the spiral after-
effect. S.L. Freud, 1964, 4 pp.

Duration is a convenient measure of
the spiral aftereffect, (SAE) and has
been used as an index of SAE strength
in tests for organic brain damage. The
purpose of the present study was to ex-
amine the reliability of duration as an
SAE strength index. The results for 10
subjects indicate that duration is both a
highly reliable measure and a simple
monotonic function of exposure time.

Effect of glyceryl trinitrate on pulmon-
ary vasculature of anesthetized dogs. A.
L. Pinkerson, P. A. Kot, and D. M.
Knowlan, 1964, 3 pp.

The effect of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)
on the pulmonary vasculature was tested



63-17

63-18

63-19

63-20

vestigate the insecticide’s effects and
suggested mechanisms of action are
proposed.

Application of a “relative” procedure
to a problem in binaural beat percep-
tion. J. V. Tobias, 1963 (Aug.), 8 pp.

In hearing, the existence of the “bi-
naural beat” phenomenon indicates a
binaural interaction for timing in-
formation. This study, using a new
technique, provides a means for ex-
tending the range over which listener
can obtain timing information by
means of binaural beats.

Experimental evaluation of work ca-
pacity as related to chronological and
physiological aging. B. Balke, 1963
(Sept.), 6 pp.

Evidence for the potential value of
regular physical exercise in reversing
the process of physiological aging is
advanced. Observations concerning
the importance of physical training
for persons frequently under great
mental and psychological strain and
tension (such as air traffic control
personnel ) are presented.

A central factor in pure tone auditory
fatigue. J. S. Wernick, and J. V.
Tobias, 1963 (Sept.), 6 pp.

Central factors (mental states) dur-
ing prolonged noise are shown to af-
fect the sensitivity of the ear to sounds.
Ear sensitivity is greater after a noise
period if subjects have not been re-
quired to perform alerting tasks dur-
ing that period.

The visual perception of spatial ex-
tent. W. C. Gogel, 1963 (Sept.), 11 pp.

A visual alley which approximates a
landing field was used to test the “size-
distance invariance hypothesis” of
making depth judgments. Equations
generated from the hypothesis do not
allow a simple predictive system of
depth perception in the air-strip situa-
tion. The data suggest other equa-
tions so that depth judgments may be
more readily predicted.

—6—

63-21

63-22

63-23

Inflight loss of consciousness, a case
report. P. C. Tang, and J. R. Dille,
1963 (Sept.), 12 pp.

A case of inflight vertigo and loss of
consciousness in a private pilot, flying
alone, is presented. This case illus-
trates the threat to aviation safety
posed by loss of consciousness due to
nervous disorders.

The mechanisms of intrarenal hemo-
dynamic changes following acute ar-
terial occlusion. L. B. Hinshaw, B. B.
Page, C. M. Brake, T. E. Emerson, Jr.,
and F. D. Masucci, 1963 (Oct.), 24 pp.

An investigation was undertaken to
evaluate the effects upon the kidney
of stresses encountered in aviation,
such as acute hypoxia and explosive
decompression. The study provides
one answer to the question concerning
the degree of temporary or permanent
damage to the kidney under these
forms of stresses by undertaking an
analysis of phenomena operating fol-
lowing temporary renal vascular oc-
clusion.

The effects of a tranquilizer on body
temperature. KE. A. Higgins, P. F.
Iampietro, T. Adams, and D. D.
Holmes, 1963 (Oct.), 5 pp.

Results show that a tranquilizer has
little effect on internal body temper-
ature during exposure to normal tem-
perature conditions. However, an im-
pairment of heat loss and heat
conservation mechanisms occurred
during changes in environmental tem-
perature (thermal stress). Use of the
tranquilizers in the latter situation may
thereby affect performance.

Central nervous system effects of
chronic exposure to organophosphate
insecticides. J. R. Dille, and P. W.
Smith, 1963 (Oct.), 7 pp.

Two cases are reported in which
persistent CNS changes were noted in
aerial applicator pilots after chronic
exposure to organophosphate insecti-
cides. The symptomatology, the basis
for these symptoms and EEG changes,
and their reversibility are discussed.


Hinshaw, L. B.

Holmes, D. D.
Houk, V. N.
Huffman, H. W.
Hufnagel, C. A.
Hunter, C. E.
Hyde, A. S.
Iampietro, P. F.

Ice, J.
Jeffress, L. A.

Josenhans,
W. K. T.

Kendall, W. W.
Knowlan, D. M.
Korty, P.

Kot, P. A.

Lacey, D. E.
Lategola, M. T.
Leverett, S.
Loewenfeld, I. E.
Lowenstein, O.
Luchsinger, P. C.
Lyne, P. J.
McClenathan, J. E.
McFadden, E. B.

McKenzie, J.
Masucci, F. D.

Melton, Jr., C. E.
Mertens, H.
Miller, M. C.
Mohler, S. R.

Moser, K. M.

62-18 (3), 63-1 (4), 63-16
(5), 63-22 (6), 63-26 (7),
63-32 (7).

63-23 (6), 63-26 (7).
64-7 (9).

64-15 (10).

64-7 (9).

65-31 (17).

63-30 (7).

62-5 (1), 62-18 (3), 63-1
(4), 63-23 (6).

63-30 (7).
63-7 (4).
65-8 (12).

63-25 (7).

64-11 (9).

62-10 (2), 63-4 (4).
64-11 (9).

62-10 (2), 63-4 (4).
63-11 (5).

63-30 (7).

65-9 (12).

65-9 (12).

64-8 (9).

63-8 (4).

64-7 (9).

62-13 (2), 62-21 (3), 63-9
(5), 65-7 (12).

63-8 (4).

63-22 (6), 63-32 (7).
63-5 (4), 64-18 (10).
65-32 (18).

65-22 (15).

62-4 (1), 62-20 (3), 63-2
(4), 65-7 (12), 65-13 (13).

64-5 (9), 64-7 (9), 64-8
(9).

Nagle, F.

Naughten, J.
Neal, L.
Newton, J. L.
Newton, N. L.
O'Connor, W. F.
O”Doherty, D. C.
Page, B. B.
Pearson, R. G.

Pendergrass, G. E.
Perloff, J. K.
Perry, R. B.
Phillips, E. E.
Pinkerson, A. L.
Podolak, E.
Raeke, J. W.
Reighard, H. L.
Reins, D. A.
Robinson, S.
Scarborough, W. R.

Seipel, J. H.
Smith, P. W.
Snow, C. C.

Snyder, R. G.

Spieth, W.
Swearingen, J. J.

Tang, P. C.
Tobias, J. V.

— 20 -

63-12 (5), 63-34 (8), 64-2
(8), 64-3 (8).

64-2 (8).

65-31 (17).
63-33 (7).
62-12 (2).
65-10 (12).
65-4 (11).
63-22 (6).

63-35 (8), 65-10 (12), 65-31
(17).

63-27 (7).
64-19 (11).

648 (9).

63-34 (8).

64-11 (9).

65-25 (16).

62-21 (3).

65-3 (11).

63-26 (7), 65-27 (16).
63-33 (7).

64-12 (10), 65-8 (12), 65-14
(13).

64-6 (9), 65-4 (11).

62-8 (2), 63-24 (6).

62-9 (2), 65-14 (13), 65-26
(16).

62-13 (2), 62-19 (3), 63-15
(5), 63-30 (7), 65-12 (13),
65-26 (16).

64-4 (8).

62-1 (1), 62-4 (1), 62-13
(2), 62-14 (3), 63-9 (5),
65-7 (12), 65-20 (14), 65-23
(18).

63-21 (6).

63-7 (4), 63-17 (6), 63-19
(6), Tech. Pub. #1 (8),
64-16 (10), 65-17 (14).


Perception of
Retinal image

Size-distance invari-
ance hypothesis

Skin

Smooth muscle
Space, perception of
Spatial orientation

Spinal column

Spiral aftereffect
Duration

Stress
Pharmacology
Physiology
Psychology

Renal
Structural parts
Survival

Sweating

Systems, design
and evaluation

Tactual perception

Temperature
regulation

Tests, aptitude
Biomedical

Performance

Therapy, clot
dissolution

Tissue, pressure
and autoregu-
lation

63-20 (6).
64-9 (9).
63-20 (6).

62-11 (2), 62-16 (3).
63-5 (4).

65-11 (13).

62-17 (3), 63-29 (7), 65-24
(16).

62-1 (1).
64-9 (9), 64-17 (10).
64-10 (9).

63-12 (5).
63-12 (5).

65-5 (11), 65-6 (12), 65-13
(13).

63-22 (6).
62-14 (3).

62-7 (2), 62-9 (2), 65-7
(12), 65-12 (13).

63-25 (7).
65-10 (12), 65-31 (17).

62-11 (2), 62-16 (3).

63-23 (6), 63-25 (7), 65-16
(14), 65-28 (16), 65-29
(17), 65-30 (17).

62-2 (1), 63-31 (7), 65-19
(14).

65-16 (14), 65-28 (16),
65-29 (17), 65-30 (17).

64-4 (8).
64-5 (9).

63-32 (7).

Tolerance
Acceleration
Body
Orthostatic .
Physiology

Toxicity

Toxicology

Training, ATCS
Tranquilizers

Transfer effects
Translations

Transport aircraft

Unconsciousness,
inflight

Vascular resistance
and Kidney

Vasculature,
pulmonary

Venous pressure
changes

Vertigo

Vestibular

Vibration
Vigilance

Vision

65-23 (15).
62-6 (2).
63-34 (8).
65-20 (14).
62-8 (2).

62-8 (2), 63-4 (4), 63-16
(5), 63-24 (6).

62-3 (1), 63-31 (7).
64-18 (10).

63-13 (5), 63-14 (5), 64-14
(10).

Tech. Pub. #1 (8), 64-16
(10), 65-17 (14).

62-9 (2), 65-7 (12).
63-21 (6).

63-22 (6), 65-27 (16).
64-11 (9).
62-18 (3).

63-21 (6), 65-18 (14), 65-24
(16).

62-17 (3), 63-3 (4), 63-13
(5), 63-14 (5), 63-20 (6),
63-21 (6), 63-29 (7), 64-14
(10), 64-15 (10), 65-18
(14), 65-24 (16).

63-30 (7).
65-31 (17).

62-15 (3), 63-5 (4), 63-10
(5), 63-20 (6), 63-28 (7),
64-13 (10), 64-17 (10),
65-9 (12), 65-11 (13),
65-17 (14), 65-24 (16),
65-25 (16), 65-32 (18).


62-7

62-8

62-9

load and incline are reported for the
utilization of those conducting these
studies on airmen.

Human tolerances. B. Balke, 1962

(Apr.), 15 pp.

The ultimate limitations in flight
performance and in future civil air
carrier equipment are limitations im-
posed by what may be_ termed
“human tolerances.” The first effort
by airline personnel to determine the
most desirable crew composition and
methods of selection, with respect to
the Supersonic Transport, have been
based, in part, upon this report (see
the paper by Mr. J. G. Brown of
United Airlines, ASME-AHGT-84,
March 1963).

Failure of rearward facing seat-backs
and resulting injuries in a survivable
transport accident. A. H. Hasbrook,
and J. C. Earley, 1962 (Apr.), 11 pp.

Rearward facing seats are generally
superior to forward facing seats with
respect to impact survival. However,
improperly installed aft facing seats
can be hazardous. As a result of this
report, all Military Air Transport Serv-
ice aircraft were checked, and correc-
tions made to all aft facing seats
found improperly installed.

Toxic hazards in aerial application.
P. W. Smith, 1962 (Apr.), 8 pp.

The Civil Aeronautics Board has
provided all of its field accident in-
vestigators with copies of this com-
prehensive study of the toxic hazards
in aerial application activities. In
addition, the major organizations in-
volved in crop dusting have requested
copies of this report, and are utilizing
the recommendations made in it.

Evacuation pattern analysis of a sur-
vivable commercial aircraft crash.
A. H. Hasbrook, J. D. Garner, and
C. C. Snow, 1962 (May), 10 pp.

This study provides facts on the
reasons for the failure of all occupants
to evacuate a survivable jet aircraft
accident. The major U. S. airlines

~2-

62-10

62-11

62-12

62-13

have utilized the report, including its
utilization as a textbook in crew
emergency training courses.

Problems in aerial applications: I.
Some biochemical effects of lindane
and dieldrin on vertebrates. J. W.
Daugherty, D. E. Lacey, and P. Korty,
1962 (May), 6 pp.

Investigation of the relatively un-
known biochemical effects of organic
insecticides is conducted at CARI. It
is projected that these studies will
result in preventive, protective, and
therapeutic measures which will de-
crease the morbidity and mortality
rates in the field of aerial application.
The investigation of the chlorinated
hydrocarbon insecticides lindane and
dieldrin is discussed in this report.

Tactile communication. G.R. Hawkes,
1962 (May), 7 pp.

The use of tactile communication
in aviation is relatively unexploited for
situations when visual and auditory
stimuli reach the saturation point. The
report suggests possibilities in this re-
gard plus the possibility of transmit-
ting emergency warning signals.

The effects of simulated altitude on
penetrating eye injuries. J. R. Dille,
N. L. Newton, and J. F. Culver, 1962
(May), 5 pp.

Air may exist in the human eye
following injury or surgery. The
effects of aerial flight, at reduced
barometric pressure, upon these con-
ditions are reported and guidelines are
given for evaluating these cases for
transportation by aircraft.

Kinematic behavior of the human
body during deceleration. J. J. Swear-
ingen, A. H. Hasbrook, R. G. Snyder,
and E. B. McFadden, 1962 (June),
8 pp.

Lethal structures of present aircraft
seating and cockpit arrangements are
revealed by correlating crash injuries
with kinematic data. Specific data
for the use of aeronautical design
engineers are provided, and are of


65-11

65-12

incident-reporting procedure aimed at
maximizing the amount of corrective
feedback to the ATC system are pre-
sented. Included is a philosophy of cor-
rective and punitive action relative to
controller involvement in an incident.
Recommendations are included for the
design of incident-report forms and in-
cident chronology and of a checklist to
be used in periodic appraisal of control-
ler performance. Emphasis is given in
format design to use of systems and
human function, rather than regulatory
and procedural terminology. Imple-
mentation and data-analysis techniques
are also discussed.

The equidistance tendency and its con-
sequences: Problems in depth percep-
tion. W. C. Gogel, 1965 (Apr.), 13 pp.

The equidistance tendency is the tend-
ency for objects in the field-of-view to
appear at the same distance as each
other. The strength of this tendency is
inversely related to directional separa-
tion. The evidence for the existence of
the tendency and for its ability to modify
perceived depth resulting from size or
other cues is reviewed. The tendency is
discussed as a necessary factor in the
understanding of several visual illusions
and similar phenomena.

Survival of high-velocity free-falls in
water. R. G. Snyder, 1965 (Apr.), 12 pp.

Forty-four cases of free-falls survived
by individuals impacting water environ-
ments under conditions of high velocity
(50 to 116 ft/sec, corrected for aero-
dynamic drag) have been intensively in-
vestigated and analyzed. Ages varied
from 7 to 80 years and the study in-
cluded 34 males and 10 females. The

falls occurred in 17 states, mainly over a
3-year period, and included all known
survivals of water impact at over 50 ft/
sec. It was found that the most surviv-
able body orientation, by a factor of five
to seven, is a feet-first impact in which
critical velocity for human survival was
approximately 100 ft/sec. No correla-

65-13

65-14

65-15

~13-

tion of velocity with degree of injury
was found, although distinct patterns of
injury were shown, Factors believed to
influence human survival tolerances are
discussed.

Fatigue in aviation activities, S. R.
Mohler, 1965 (Mar.), 15 pp.

This report gives a comprehensive

survey of work in the field of aviation
fatigue. Both work still in process and
earlier work are surveyed. The nature
of fatigue is discussed, along with factors
that contribute to both physical and
mental fatigue. Topics covered include
flight-time limitations, indicators of ex-
cessive fatigue, new developments re-
lated to intercontinental flights and
Forest Service flights, and the author's
detailed comments and recommenda-
tions.
The angle of shoulder slope in normal
males as a factor in shoulder harness de-
sign. C. C. Snow, and A. H. Hasbrook,
1965 (Mar.), 3 pp.

In order to establish criteria for more
comfortable shoulder-harness design, this
study was conducted-to determine the
angle of slope of the top of the shoulders
where poorly fitting shoulder harness
may produce discomfort and, occasion-
ally, functional impairment through com-
pression of the underlying soft tissues.
The mean shoulder-slope angle (meas-
ured from the vertical body axis) of nor-
mal males based on this study of 55 Air
Traffe Service trainees is 67.5° with a
standard deviation of 5.0°.

Ballistocardiography: A bibliography.
W. R. Scarborough. Joint NASA-FAA
publication, 1965, 46 pp.

The publication of this bibliography
fulfills a long-standing requirement for
a comprehensive and retrospective col-
lection of references on a subject that is
of particular interest to medical investi-
gators and cardiovascular physiologists
engaged in aerospace studies. The bib-
liography consists of a compilation of
references to papérs, reports, mono-



65-21

facial tolerances of living human heads
and forces required to render uncon-
sciousness were gathered. These data
were checked by making a series of 45
cadaver head impacts against deforming
structures. Results show that blows of
as low as 30 to 40 g for 10 to 40 milli-
seconds will produce temporary uncon-
sciousness. Maximum forces that may
be tolerated without fracture during
facial impacts are presented.

Problems in air traffic management: VI.
Interaction of training-entry age with
intellectual and personality characteris-
tics of air traffic control specialists. D.
K. Trites, 1965 (July), 12 pp.

Over 900 Enroute and Terminal Air
Traffic Controller Specialist (ATCS)
trainees were administered a large num-
ber of aptitude and personality tests.
The relationships between performance
scores and age at entry into training re-
vealed that: (1) older trainees had
lower scores than younger trainees on
tests of immediate memory and non-
verbal abstract reasoning; (2) older
trainees had higher scores than younger
trainees on tests of arithmetic and verbal
ability; (3) in highly speeded aptitude
tests, the type of test (e.g., arithmetic,
vocabulary, etc.) apparently determined
which group would have the higher
scores; and (4) older trainees were more
intellectually efficient, responsible, and
tolerant than their younger classmates.
Higher failure rates in the training of
older individuals could be partially ac-
counted for by age-related deficiencies
in nonverbal abstract reasoning, by im-
mediate memory for new and different
material, and by the requirements to per-
form their job tasks rapidly and accur-
ately.

Problems in air traffic management. Part
VU. Job and training performance of
air traffic control specialists: Measure-
ment structure and prediction. D. K.
Trites, M. C. Miller, and B. B. Cobb, Jr.,
1965 (Apr.), 38 pp.

65-23

-b-

Training and job performance meas-
ures of several hundred Air Traffic Con-
trol Specialists representing different
specialties revealed that training per-
formance measures reflected (1) per-
formance in training laboratories; (2)
academic performance; and (3) instruc-
tors’ opinions. In job performance,
supervisors seemed to be evaluating (1)
overall ATCS performance; (2) inter-
personal orientation; (3) job orientation;
(4) job potential; (5) job performance;
and (6) emotional stability. In examin-
ing the predictability of job performance
measures, evidence was elicited that (1)
ATCS specialties differ in characteristics
required for job performance; (2) Ter-
minal supervisors more consistently eval-
uate their ATCS in comparison with En-
route supervisors; (3) opinions of ATCS
training course instructors are the best
predictors of subsequent job perform-
ance, and (4) aptitude tests, previous
job-relevant experience, and age at entry
into training are related to job perform-
ance but not at very high levels.

Determination of centers of gravity of
children, sitting and standing. J. J.
Swearingen, and J. W. Young, 1965
(Aug.), 16 pp.

The present seat belt used in com-
mercial aviation is not a satisfactory re~
straint device for children 2 to 10 years
of age.

To supply data for center-of-gravity
design requirements, approximately
1,200 children (ages 5-18) were balanced
on a specially designed machine. The
center of gravity for small children sit-
ting in an airline seat is located roughly
5 inches above the seat belt and explains
why they slip out over the seat belt dur-
ing crash decelerations. The center of
gravity of small children in the standing
position will be used in the design of
flotation equipment.



KZ 1054
“LS AY
MEANY

LIBRARY

AVIATION MEDICINE REPORTS:

AN ANNOTATED CATALOG OF OFFICE OF AVIATION
MEDICINE REPORTS: 1961 THROUGH 1965

Mary Ellen Allen and Stanley R. Mohler, M.D.

REPORT NO.

61-1

62-1

62-2

Problems in air traffic management:
I. Longitudinal prediction of effec-
tiveness of air traffic controllers.
D. K. Trites, 1961 (Dec.), 11 pp.

The contribution of psychological
testing to the screening of applicants
for air traffic control work is discussed.
The significance of evaluations made
by ATC school instructors in predict-
ing future job performance of con-
trollers is also reported.

An analysis of sitting areas and pres-
sures of man. J. J. Swearingen, C. D.
Wheelwright, and J. D. Garner, 1962
(Jan.), 10 pp.

Seat pressure distribution data are
presented. The data are being utili-
zed by certain helicopter and_air-
craft designers in an effort to fabri-
cate seats which better accommodate
themselves to the occupant. The im-
plications concerning the protection
these newer seats afford the occupants
during impacts are quite significant in
impact survival.

Problems in air traffic management:
Il. Prediction of success in air traffic
controller school. B. B. Cobb, Jr.,
1962 (Feb.), 15 pp.

As a result of this study, the Civil
Service Commission incorporated in
“Announcement 281-B, Career Op-
portunities in the FAA for Air Traffic
Control Specialist,” dated May 22,

-1-

62-3

62-4

62-5

Ct

1962, certain tests recommended by
this research. It is estimated that
more than two million dollars will be
saved through this study since potenti-
ally unfit persons will be eliminated
from entrance into training.

Problems in air traffic management:
IIL. Implications of age for training
and job performances of air traffic
controllers. D. K. Trites, and B. B.
Cobb, Jr., 1962 (Feb.), 10 pp.

The data in this report confirm con-
clusively the existence of an inverse
relationship between chronological age
upon entry into ATC training and
school and later job performance.

Sonotropic effects of commercial air
transport sound on birds. J. J. Swear-
ingen, and S. R. Mohler, 1962 (Mar.),
5 pp.

Repeated difficulties experienced by
certain turboprop aircraft with regard
to starling ingestion may be, in part,
due to the sonotropic effects of various
frequencies for these small birds.
Suggestive observations are discussed
and possible remedies provided.

Prediction of energy cost of treadmill
work. P. F. Iampietro, and R. Gold-
man, 1962 (Apr.), 4 pp.

The utilization of the treadmill as
an instrument to determine physical
fitness has become a widespread. ac-
tivity. Certain considerations relative
to the interrelations between rate,

40



Mental Tasks,
influence on

Auditory fatigue

Vestibular
function

Metabolism
Monitoring

Myocardial
infarction

Nervous system
Autonomic

Neurology

Noise, engine

Nystagmus,
vestibular

Occlusion, renal
arterial

Thromboembolic
Ophthalmology
Orientation, spatial

Orthostatic
tolerance

Oxygen
Consumption

Effect on lip,
face, hair

Equipment
Requirements
Pathology
Perception
Auditory
Depth

of Motion

63-19 (6), 65-1 (11), 65-2
(11).

62-17 (3), 63-29 (7), 65-18
(14).

62-5 (1).
65-31 (17).
64-2 (8), 64-19 (11).

64-6 (9).
63-5 (4).
64-6 (9).
62-4 (1).

62-17 (3), 63-3 (4), 63-13
(5), 63-14 (5), 63-29 (7),
64-14 (10), 65-18 (14),
65-24 (16).

63-22, (6), 65-27 (16).
64-7 (9).
62-12 (2).

62-17 (3), 63-29 (7), 65-24
(16).

63-34 (8).

62-5 (1).
63-27 (7).

62-21 (3).
63-6 (4).
64-1 (8).

63-17 (6).

63-20 (6), 65-11 (13), 65-32
(18).

63-29 (7), 65-18 (14), 65-24
(16).

Tactual
Performance

Personnel

Tests

Periodic variations
Periodicity

Personality, tests

Personnel

aviation

and Disease
Phase Shift

Physical
anthropology

Physical fitness

Test of
Work
Physical training

Physiological
acoustics

Physiology

of Exercise

Pilots
Poisons

Preparations,
kidney

Proficiency
appraisal

Psychoacoustics

— 26 —

62-11 (2), 62-16 (3).

62-3 (1), 63-31 (7).

64-1 (8), 64-4 (8), 65-13
(13).

65-5 (11), 65-6 (12).

65-16 (14), 65-28 (16),
65-29 (17), 65-30 (17).

65-19 (14), 65-21 (15),
65-22 (15).

61-1 (1), 62-2 (1), 62-3
(1), 65-7 (12), 65-13 (13),
65-19 (14), 65-21 (15),
65-22 (15).

64-6 (9).

65-16 (14), 65-28 (16),
65-29 (17), 65-30 (17).

63-9 (5).

63-12 (5), 64-3 (8), 65-6
(12).

63-6 (4).
62-5 (1).
64-2 (8).

63-19 (6), 65-1 (11), 65-2
(11).

63-25 (7), 64-1 (8), 65-14
(13), 65-16 (14), 65-28
(16), 65-29 (17), 65-30
(17).

63-18 (6), 63-33 (7), 64-3
(8).

65-13 (13), 65-16 (14).
63-26 (7).

62-18 (3).

65-10 (12).

63-7 (4).


FOREWORD

During the period covered by this catalog, scientists of the Office of
Aviation Medicine of the Federal Aviation Agency published 110 labo-
ratory reports. The scientific research upon which these reports were based
was conducted for the purposes of (1) preventing aircraft accidents and
(2) preventing injuries should accidents occur. The information is avail-
able to flight surgeons, Agency personnel, the aircraft industry, and others
with a responsibility in air safety.

From 1961 through 1963 CARI laboratory reports were disseminated
as CARI Publications. During 1964 and 1965 research papers from CARI
and other divisions and services of the Federal Aviation Agency were
published as Office of Aviation Medicine reports.

Further information can be obtained by writing to:

Federal Air Surgeon
Fedéral Aviation Agency
Washington, D.C, 20553

Qualified requestors may obtain Aviation Medical Reports from Defense Documentation
Center. The general public may purchase from Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and
‘Technical Information, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Springfield, Va. 22151


Water, entry

Water loss,
evaporative

Weightlessness
Work capacity

65-12 (13).

Aerobic-anaerobic 63-6 (4).

63-25 (7), 65-16 (14), 65-28 and Age 63-33 (7).
(16), 65-39 (17), 65-30 (17). pase of 64-3 (8).
63-30 (7). Wounds and 65-12 (13).
63-34 (8). injuries

—29— 67-3068



64-19 The recognition of strictly posterior myo-

cardial infarction by conventional scalar
electrocardiography. J. K. Perloff, 1964,
13 pp.

Accurate diagnosis of posterior myo-
cardial infarction is important in aviation
personnel. This study was undertaken
in order to determine whether the stand-
ard scalar electrocardiogram contains
sufficient information to permit the rec-
ognition of strictly posterior myocardial
infarction. Differential diagnoses are
presented along with characteristic man-
ifestations which should facilitate recog-
nition of the infarction.

Aviation medical papers and reports: A
bibliography. Aviation Medical Library,
FAA, 1964, 90 pp.

Presented is a bibliography of aviation
medical papers and reports compiled by
the Aviation Medical Library of the
Federal Aviation Agency, listing those
papers and reports available in the
Federal Aviation Agency Headquarters
Library. Included in the bibliography
are three indexes: A Subject Index, an
Author Index, and a Title Index. This
bibliography is a result of the long-felt
need for an easily accessible record of
work done under CAA, FAA, and their
forerunners in the field of aviation
medicine.

Auditory fatigue: Influence of mental
factors. M. J. Capps, and W. E. Collins,
1965 (Jan.), 4 pp.

Results of this study hold especially
meaningful implications for aviation pro-
cedures, as auditory fatigue was found
to be greater when subjects engaged in
attention-demanding tasks during ex-
posure to noise than when they merely
relaxed.

Effects of several mental tasks on audi-
tory fatigue. W. E. Collins, and M. J.
Capps, 1965 (Jan.), 6 pp.

The relative influence of different
“mental tasks” upon amount of auditory
fatigue was examined. Findings have
bearing upon the importance of atten-

65-3

-u-—

tion factors with regard to central fatigue
and signal detectability in aviation per-
sonnel,

Medical services at airports. H. L.
Reighard, 1965, 14 pp.

Presented is the report of a study to
determine (1) the nature and extent of
medical service desirable at large air-
ports; (2) the manner in which such
services are now met, and (3) the means
by which these services might be pro-
vided in a more effective and compre-
hensive manner. The study was con-
ducted at a civil airport reasonably rep-
resentative of large municipal airports.

Cranial impedance plethysmography —
Rheoencephalography as a method of
detection of cerebrovascular disease. J.
H. Seipel, S. A. R. Ziemnowicz, and D.
C. ODoherty, 1965, 19 pp.

Rheoencephalography, the monitoring
of cerebral blood flow by impedance
methods, is potentially applicable to the
diagnosis of any condition that may sig-
nificantly affect intracranial blood flow.
It therefore should be a valuable tech-
nique for the clinical evaluation of avia-
tion personnel. It appears that the
method may yield otherwise unobtain-
able data; however, the authors con-
clude that further investigation is war-
ranted.

Biomedical survey of ATC facilities: 1.
Incidence of self-reported symptoms. G.
T. Hauty, D. K. Trites, and W. J. Berk-
ley, 1965 (Mar.), 48 pp.

From 6 enroute and 6 terminal air-
traffic-control facilities selected on the
basis of differences between shift-
rotation schedules and high traffic
volume, journeymen and assistant con-
trollers served as volunteer subjects to
complete a biomedical inventory daily
for a period of 90 consecutive days. The
inventory elicited information relating to
health, morale, behavioral habits, and
side effects of medications. Of 300 sub-
jects, 209 fulfilled the daily reporting re-
quirements of the 90 days. For one



65-16

65-17

65-18

graphs, reviews and books, of both do-
mestic and foreign origin, which ap-
peared during the period 1877-1964,

Pilot fatigue: Intercontinental jet flight
1. Oklahoma City — Tokyo. G. T.
Hauty, and T. Adams, 1965 (Mar.),
22 pp.

Following 3 consecutive days of bio-
medical assessment in Oklahoma City,
6 healthy subjects were transported to
Tokyo where assessments were made on
alternate days throughout a period of 10
days. Subjects were then transported
back to Oklahoma City, where assess-
ments were made for 3 consecutive days.
Mean data revealed that biological time
had apparently shifted from Oklahoma
City to Tokyo time within 3 days, and
from Tokyo back to Oklahoma City time
within 1 day. However, a profound
range of individual differences was evi-
dent. The proficiency with which the
subjects performed certain tasks was
adversely affected to a substantial extent
during the first day in Tokyo and, to a
lesser extent, the first day of return to
Oklahoma City.

Aviation Medicine Translations: An-
notated bibliography of recently trans-
lated material. Il. M. E. Allen, W. E.
Collins, J. V. Tobias, and R. A. Crain,
1965 (Apr.), 16 pp.

An annotated bibliography of transla-
tions of foreign-language aviation medi-
cine research articles is presented. The
26 listed entries are concerned with
studies of general aviation medicine,
periodicity, optokinetic nystagmus,
vision, vestibular function, and physical
science. Procedures for obtaining copies
of the translations are included.

Adaptation to vestibular disorientation:
I. Vertigo and nystagmus following re-
peated clinical stimulation. W. E. Col-
lins, 1965 (May), 15 pp.

Exposure to repeated vertigo-produc-
ing stimulation in the laboratory resulted
in a modification of the nystagmic eye
response which differed depending upon

65-19

65-20

~14-

whether subjects were tested in total
darkness or with opportunities for visual
fixation. The response did not recover
its initial form even after one month of
rest. Sensations of vertigo declined for
both “darkness” and “fixation” groups,
but showed recovery after a one-month
rest period. Complete suppression of
disorientation is not readily achieved in
spite of many exposures to laboratory
vestibular stimulation.

Problems in air traffic management: V.
Identification and potential of aptitude
test measures for selection of tower air
traffic controller trainees. B. B. Cobb
Jr., 1965 (July), 9 pp.

A study of over 200 Terminal Air Traf-
fic Control Specialists indicated that
their training performance could be well
predicted by pre-employment experience
directly related to air-traffic control and
a composite of four aptitude tests meas-
uring: numerical ability, nonverbal ab-
stract reasoning, ability to solve simpli-
fied air-traffic problems, and verbal ab-
stract reasoning. With the exception of
verbal abstract reasoning, which is both
unique and important for the prediction
of Terminal ATCS performance, the
group of Civil Service Commission tests
presently being used to select all ATCS
trainees provides adequate measures of
those aptitudes that this study has identi-
fied as most significant for the prediction
of Terminal performance and is still ap-
propriate for the selection of Terminal
and Enroute trainees.

Tolerances of the human face to crash
impact. J. J. Swearingen, 1965 (July),
24 pp.

Evaluation of the injury potentials of
commercial airline seat structures, light-
aircraft instrument panels, and other de-
forming structures requires data on
forces that produce fractures, lacerations,
or unconsciousness when applied to dif-
ferent parts of the face. Unconscious
commercial passengers, although not
seriously burned, may asphyxiate or bum
to death in a few minutes. Data of