Drug and Alcohol Services Information System Series: S-_

Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS): 1998

Data on Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities

Office of Applied Studies

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
OFFICE OF APPLIED STUDIES

Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS): 1998

Data on Substance Abuse Treatment Facilities

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This publication was developed for the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

(SAMHSA), Office of Applied Studies (OAS), by Christian Evans, James DeLozier, and Leigh

Henderson of Synectics for Management Decisions, Inc., Arlington, Virginia, under Contract No.

283-97-9001. Other contributors at Synectics for Management Decisions, Inc., include Elizabeth

Walter and Peter Hurley (Project Director). The report benefitted greatly from reviews by OAS staff

Patricia Royston, Cathie Alderks, Gerri Scott-Pinkney, and Deborah Trunzo (Project Officer).

PUBLIC DOMAIN NOTICE

All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied

without permission from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Citation

of the source is appreciated.

COPIES OF THE PUBLICATION

Copies may be obtained, free of charge, from the National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug

Information (NCADI). The NCADI is a service of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services

Administration (SAMHSA). Write or call NCADI at: 

National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information (NCADI)

P.O. Box 2345

Rockville, MD 20847-2345

(301) 468-2600 1-800-729-6686 TDD: 1-800-487-4889

ELECTRONIC ACCESS TO PUBLICATION

This publication can be accessed electronically through the Internet World Wide Web connections

listed below:

World Wide Web Internet Connections: http://www.samhsa.gov

http://www.samhsa.gov/oas/oasftp.htm

http://www.health.org

http://wwwdasis.samhsa.gov

ORIGINATING OFFICE

SAMHSA, Office of Applied Studies

5600 Fishers Lane, Room 16-105

Rockville, Maryland 20857

August 2000
iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Tables ................................................................. v

List of Figures .............................................................. viii

Highlights .................................................................... 1

Chapter 1. Description of the Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) Survey ................... 3

Introduction ............................................................... 3

UFDS in the Context of the Drug and Alcohol Services Information System (DASIS) .... 4

NMFI-Imposed Constraints on UFDS .......................................... 5

Unit of response ......................................................... 5

Scope of facilities included ................................................ 6

Procedures for the 1998 UFDS ................................................ 6

Field period and reference date ............................................. 6

Survey coverage ........................................................ 6

Content ................................................................ 6

Data collection ......................................................... 7

Forms accounting and response rate ......................................... 7

Quality assurance ....................................................... 8

Item non-response ....................................................... 8

Profile of Responding Facilities ............................................... 9

Further Data Considerations and Limitations ..................................... 9

Organization of the Report .................................................. 10

Terminology ............................................................. 10

Chapter 2. Trends in Facility and Client Characteristics ............................... 13

Facility Characteristics ..................................................... 15

Managed Care ............................................................ 15

Client Characteristics ....................................................... 16

Chapter 3. Facility Characteristics and Services ..................................... 23

Facility Ownership and Organizational Setting .................................. 23

Clients in Treatment ....................................................... 23

Programs for Special Groups ................................................ 24

Services Offered ........................................................... 25

Beds Designated for Substance Abuse Treatment ................................ 25

Revenue ................................................................. 26
iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

Chapter 4. Client Characteristics ................................................. 39

Clients by Facility Ownership and Organizational Setting .......................... 39

Clients by Type of Care .................................................... 39

Clients by Substance of Abuse ............................................... 40

Client Demographics ...................................................... 40

Clients Receiving Opioid Substitutes .......................................... 40

Chapter 5. State Data .......................................................... 49

Survey Response .......................................................... 49

Facilities and Clients ....................................................... 49

Clients in Treatment per 100,000 Population .................................... 49

Appendix A. UFDS 1998 Questionnaire ........................................... 71

Appendix B. Organizational Setting .............................................. 85

Appendix C. Revenue Imputation Methodology .................................... 101

Editing/Manual Imputation of Total Revenue ................................... 101

Auxiliary Variables ....................................................... 102

Overview of Imputation Procedure ........................................... 102

Profile of Imputation Results ................................................ 103
v

LIST OF TABLES

Chapter 1

1.1 Survey forms accounting and response rate: UFDS 1998 ......................... 8

1.2 Facility function for responding facilities: UFDS 1998 .......................... 11

Chapter 2

2.1 Number of substance abuse treatment facilities and clients, and median 

number of clients by year of UFDS survey participation: 1997 and 1998 ............ 15

2.2 Substance abuse treatment facilities by ownership, organizational

setting, dispensation of opioid substitutes, and median clients in 

treatment: 1991-1998 .................................................... 19

2.3 Substance abuse treatment facilities owned or operated by a 

managed care firm, or with managed care contracts, by ownership

and organizational setting: 1995-1998 ....................................... 20

2.4 Substance abuse treatment clients by sex, race/ethnicity, age group, 

and type of care: 1991-1998 ............................................... 21

Chapter 3

3.1a Substance abuse treatment facilities by ownership, 

according to organizational setting: October 1, 1998 ........................... 27

3.1b Substance abuse treatment facilities by organizational setting, 

according to ownership: October 1, 1998 .................................... 28

3.2 Substance abuse treatment facilities by number of clients in treatment 

per facility, according to ownership and organizational setting: 

October 1, 1998 ........................................................ 29

3.3 Substance abuse treatment facilities offering programs for special groups, 

by ownership and organizational setting: October 1, 1998 ....................... 30

3.4 Substance abuse treatment facilities offering specified services, 

by ownership: October 1, 1998 ............................................ 31
vi

LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED)

3.5 Substance abuse treatment facilities offering specified services,

by organizational setting: October 1, 1998 ................................... 33

3.6 Substance abuse treatment facilities with non-hospital residential beds 

designated for substance abuse treatment, by utilization rate, 

according to ownership and organizational setting: October 1, 1998 ............... 36

3.7 Substance abuse treatment facilities with hospital inpatient beds designated

for substance abuse treatment, by utilization rate, 

according to ownership and organizational setting: October 1, 1998 ............... 37

3.8 Annual facility revenue and revenue source

by ownership and organizational setting: October 1, 1998 ....................... 38

Chapter 4

4.1a Substance abuse treatment clients by facility ownership, 

according to organizational setting: October 1, 1998 ........................... 41

4.1b Substance abuse treatment clients by organizational setting, 

according to facility ownership: October 1, 1998 .............................. 42

4.2a Substance abuse treatment clients by type of care, 

according to facility ownership and organizational setting: October 1, 1998 ......... 43

4.2b Substance abuse treatment clients by facility ownership and organizational

setting, according to type of care: October 1, 1998 ............................. 44

4.3 Substance abuse treatment clients by substance of abuse, 

according to facility ownership and organizational setting: October 1, 1998 ......... 45

4.4 Substance abuse treatment clients by sex, race/ethnicity, and age group, 

according to type of care: October 1, 1998 ................................... 46

4.5 Substance abuse treatment clients receiving opioid substitutes, 

by facility ownership and organizational setting: October 1, 1998 ................. 47
vii

LIST OF TABLES (CONTINUED)

Chapter 5

5.1 Survey forms accounting and response rate by State or jurisdiction: 

UFDS 1998 ........................................................... 51

5.2 Substance abuse treatment facilities and clients in treatment, 

by State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998 ..................................... 53

5.3 Clients in treatment per 100,000 population aged 12 and over

by substance abuse problem, according to State or jurisdiction: 

October 1, 1998 ........................................................ 54

5.4 Substance abuse treatment facilities by ownership, 

according to State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998 ............................. 56

5.5 Substance abuse treatment facilities by organizational setting, 

according to State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998 ............................. 58

5.6 Substance abuse treatment clients by facility ownership, 

according to State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998 ............................. 60

5.7 Substance abuse treatment clients by organizational setting, 

according to State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998 ............................. 62

5.8 Substance abuse treatment clients by type of care, 

according to State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998 ............................. 64

5.9 Substance abuse treatment facilities with residential or 

hospital inpatient beds designated for substance abuse treatment, 

by State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998 ..................................... 66

5.10 Facilities dispensing opioid substitutes and substance abuse treatment 

clients receiving opioid substitutes, by State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998 ........ 68

5.11 Substance abuse treatment facilities owned or operated by a managed care firm,

or with managed care contracts, by State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998 ........... 70

Appendix Table 1. Organizational setting: October 1, 1998 ............................ 87

Appendix Table 2. Auxiliary items used in imputation of total revenue .................. 102
viii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Numbers of facilities and clients in treatment: 1991-1998 .................... 14

Figure 2 Clients in treatment by age group: UFDS 1991-1998 compared

to U.S. population 1998 ............................................... 16

Figure 3 Clients in treatment by race/ethnicity: UFDS 1991-1998 compared

to U.S. population 1998 ............................................... 17

Figure 4 Clients in treatment by type of care: 1991-1998 ............................ 18

Figure 5 Residential and hospital inpatient utilization rates: October 1, 1998 ............ 26

Figure 6 Clients in treatment per 100,000 population aged 12 and over, 

by State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998 .................................. 50
1

HIGHLIGHTS

T

his report presents results from the 1998

Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey,

an annual survey of facilities providing substance abuse treatment conducted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). UFDS is designed to

measure the location, characteristics, and use of

alcoholism and drug abuse treatment facilities

and services throughout the United States, the

District of Columbia, and other U.S. jurisdictions. Selected findings are given below.

Changes in Survey Coverage

! Almost 35 percent of the 13,455 treatment

facilities that responded to the 1998 UFDS

did not participate in the 1997 survey. Most

of these facilities were added asthe result of

an intensive effort to identify new treatment

facilities. These 4,663 facilities accounted

for 281,160 (27 percent) of the clients reported to be in treatment on October 1, 1998

(Table 2.1). 

! The number of new facilities in the 1998

survey is offset by the 2,068 facilities that

responded in 1997 but not in 1998. This

yields a net increase in 1998 of 2,595 facilities responding to the survey.

! The 4,663 facilities that were new to the

survey in 1998 were smaller on average than

those facilities responding in both 1997 and

1998. The new facilities in 1998 reported a

median of 30 clientsin treatment on October

1, compared with about 40 clients in treatment on October 1 for facilities responding

in both years.

Trendsin Client and Facility Characteristics

! Client age patterns(Table 2.4) changed over

1991-1998. The proportion of clients under

age 18 increased from 6 percent in 1991 to

nearly 10 percent in 1998. The proportion of

clients over age 35 increased from 41 percent to 46 percent. These increases were

balanced by a decline in the proportion of

clients aged 25-34, from 35 percent to 27

percent.

Facility Characteristics and Services

! Nearly half of all facilities provided programs for the dually diagnosed (Table 3.3).

! Thirty-eight percent of facilities offered

programs for adolescents (Table 3.3). 

! Less than 20 percent of facilities offered

programs for persons with HIV/AIDS, or

programs for pregnant and postpartum

women (Table 3.3).

! Less than 2 percent of facilities were owned

or operated by a managed care firm. Almost

half had one ormoremanaged care contracts

(Table 2.3).

Client Characteristics

! Nearly 90 percent of clientsreceived care as

outpatients (Table 2.4).

! Treatment for about 150,000 clients (14

percent) included opioid substitutes (Table

2.4).
2
3

CHAPTER 1

DESCRIPTION OF THE UNIFORM FACILITY DATA SET (UFDS) SURVEY

Introduction 

T

his report presents tabular information and

highlights from the 1998 Uniform Facility

Data Set (UFDS) survey, conducted between

October 1998 and March 1999, with a reference

date of October 1, 1998. It was the 22nd in a

series of national surveys designed to measure

the location, characteristics, and use of alcoholism and drug abuse treatment facilities and

services throughout the United States, the

District of Columbia, and other U.S. jurisdictions.1The Office of Applied Studies, Substance

Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), plans and directs the UFDS

survey.

UFDS has evolved from national survey efforts

begun in the 1970s by the National Institute on

Drug Abuse (NIDA) to measure the scope and

use of drug abuse treatment services in the

United States. The sixth of these surveys, conducted in 1976, introduced the data elements

and format that have formed the core of subsequent surveys. These include organizational

setting, service orientation, services available,

clients in treatment by type of care, capacity,

and annual revenue sources and amounts. The

1976 survey, called the National Drug Abuse

Treatment Utilization Survey, was repeated in

1977 and 1978. In 1979, the National Institute

on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)

became a co-sponsor of the survey, alcoholism

treatment facilities were added, and the study

wasrenamed the National Drug and Alcoholism

Treatment Utilization Survey. This survey was

repeated in 1980 and 1982. In 1984, a one-page

version was used (the National Alcoholism and

Drug Abuse Program Inventory). In 1987, the

full version of the survey was reinstated, and it

wasrenamed the National Drug and Alcoholism

Treatment Unit Survey (NDATUS). NDATUS

was conducted annually from 1989-1993. In

1992, with the creation of SAMHSA, responsibility for conducting the survey shifted to

SAMHSA’s Office of Applied Studies. The

survey was redesigned, and conducted annually

as the Uniform Facility Data Set survey beginning in 1995.

UFDS is designed to collect information from

each facility in the United States that provides

substance abuse treatment, and from Stateidentified facilities providing other substance

abuse services.2 UFDS includes private and

publicly-funded facilities. All facilities report

identifying information and ownership. Treatment facilities also report data on the type of

services provided, numbers of clients, client

demographics (i.e., age, sex, and race/ethnicity

groups), other client characteristics, number of

beds, and sources and amounts of revenue.

1 The jurisdictions include the territories of American

Samoa and Guam, the Federated States of Micronesia, the

Republic of Palau, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico,

and the Virgin Islands of the United States.

2

 In this report, entities responding to UFDS are referred

to as “facilities.” This designation is consistent with the

title of the survey, although, as discussed later in the

report, a “facility” may be a program-level, clinic-level,

or multi-site respondent.
4

UFDS provides the mechanism for quantifying

the dynamic character and composition of the

United States substance abuse treatment delivery system. The UFDS objectives are:

! to assist SAMHSA and State and local

governments in assessing the nature and

extent of services provided in State-supported and other treatment facilities, and in

forecasting treatment resource requirements;

! to update SAMHSA’s National Master

Facility Inventory (NMFI) of all known drug

abuse and alcoholism treatment facilities and State-identified facilities providing

other substance abuse services (described

further below);

! to analyze general treatment services trends

and to conduct comparative analyses for the

nation, regions, and States;

! to generate the National Directory of Drug

Abuse andAlcoholism Treatment Programs,

a compendium of State-tracked facilities

providing substance abuse treatment; and

! to update the information in SAMHSA’s

Substance Abuse Treatment Facility Locator, a searchable database of substance

abuse treatment facilities available on the

Internet at:

http://findtreatment.samhsa.gov

UFDS in the Context of the Drug and Alcohol

Services Information System (DASIS) 

UFDS is one of the three components of

SAMHSA’s Drug and Alcohol Services Information System (DASIS). The core of DASIS is

the National Master Facility Inventory (NMFI),

a continuously-updated, comprehensive listing

of all known substance abuse treatment facilities and some State-identified prevention and

education facilities. The other components of

DASIS are the UFDS survey and the Treatment

Episode Data Set (TEDS), a client-level database of persons admitted to substance abuse

treatment. A unique ID number assigned to the

NMFI facility is used in the collection of

facility-level data (UFDS) and client-level data

(TEDS)so that the three data sets can be linked.

Together, they provide national- and State-level

information on the numbers and characteristics

of individuals admitted to alcohol and drug

treatment programs and describe the facilities

that deliver care to those individuals.

The NMFI is the list frame for UFDS. Facilities

in the NMFI fall into four general categories.

These are distinguished by the services provided, the components of DASIS of which they

are part, and the relationship of the facility to its

State substance abuse agency. These categories

are described below.

Treatment facilities administratively tracked 

by States and reporting to TEDS

The largest group of facilities (about 9,500 in

1998) includes facilities that are licensed or

certified by the State substance abuse agency to

provide substance abuse treatment (or are administratively tracked for other reasons), and are

required by the States to provide TEDS clientlevel data. State DASIS representatives maintain

this segment of the NMFI by reporting new

facilities, closures, and address changes to 

SAMHSA.

Treatment facilities administratively tracked 

by States but not reporting to TEDS

This group (about 3,600 facilities in 1998)

includes treatment facilities that are licensed,

certified, or otherwise approved by the State

substance abuse agency (or are administratively

tracked for other reasons), but that are not

required by the States to provide TEDS client-
5

level data. Some private for-profit facilities fall

into this category. This group also includes

programs operated by Federal agencies (the

Bureau of Prisons, the Department of Veterans

Affairs (VA), the Department of Defense, and

the Indian Health Service). NMFI records for

Federally-operated facilities are updated annually through lists provided by these agencies.

Treatment facilities not administratively 

tracked by States

This group of facilities (about 3,000 in 1998)

representsthe ongoing SAMHSA effort tomake

the NMFI as comprehensive as possible by

including treatment facilities that States, for a

variety of reasons, do not track. Many of these

facilities are private for-profit, small group

practices, or hospital-based programs. Most of

them were identified through screening of

alternative source databases such as the commercial American Business Index, the annual

American Hospital Association survey, and

SAMHSA’s biennial Inventory of Mental

Health Organizations. Additional facilities are

also identified during the UFDS by survey

participants, who are asked to report all of the

treatment facilities in their administrative networks. States are given the opportunity to

review these facilities and to add them to the

State-tracked list if appropriate.

Non-treatment facilities administratively 

tracked by States

These facilities (about 2,900 in 1998) provide

prevention, education, intake, assessment,

referral, or administrative services. The listing

of this group of facilities is provided by State

DASIS representatives.

NMFI-Imposed Constraints on UFDS 

The use of the NMFI as the list frame for UFDS

imposes certain constraintsrelated to the unit of

response and the scope of facilities included.

The NMFI is largely a compilation of facilities

in State administrative systems, and each State

has a different system and different criteria for

eligibility.

Unit of response

SAMHSA requests that facilities be included in

the NMFI, UFDS, and TEDS at the same administrative level so that record linkage among

the three data sets is valid. SAMHSA further

requests States to use the point of delivery of

service (i.e., physical location) as the defining

factor for a facility. However, because of the

different State administrative systems, there is

no consistent use of this definition. For example, in some States,multiple treatment programs

(e.g., detoxification, residential, and outpatient)

at the same address and under the same management have separate State licenses. These are

treated as separate by the State, and are given

separate NMFI ID numbers. In other States,

multiple sites are included as a single entity

under a parent or administrative unit. In many

of these cases, individual sites can report client

and services data in the UFDS survey, but

revenue data are available only at a higher

administrative level.

Until 1996, State substance abuse agencies

distributed and collected the UFDS survey

forms. Beginning in 1996, data collection was

centralized and UFDS forms were sent directly

to the facilities. 

The UFDS is designed to collect data for each

physical location where treatment services are

provided. A small percentage of facilities elected to report data at a higher administrative

level than the State-determined NMFI facility

level. 

Thus UFDS data on the numbers of facilities

must be interpreted with caution. Assessment of
6

changes over time may be more valid, assuming

that individual States retain consistent definitions. 

Scope of facilities included 

The great majority of facilities in the NMFI are

treatment facilities administratively tracked by

States. Therefore, the scope of facilities included in the NMFI is affected by differences in

State systems of licensure, certification, accreditation, and the disbursement of public funds. For

example, some State substance abuse agencies

regulate private facilities and individual

practitioners while others do not. In some

States, hospital-based substance abuse treatment

facilities are not licensed through the State

substance abuse agency. Some State substance

abuse agencies track correctional facilities

(State prisons and local jails) while others do

not.

In an effort to address these differences,

SAMHSA conducted a large-scale effort during

1995 and 1996 to identify substance abuse

treatment facilities that, for a variety of reasons,

were not on the NMFI. Some 15 source lists

were considered, and facilities not on the NMFI

were contacted to ascertain whether they provided substance abuse treatment. As expected,

this yielded a number of hospital-based and

small private facilities that were not on the

NMFI. These facilities were sent the UFDS

survey beginning in 1995, but they were not

included in the published results of the survey

until 1997.

A similar effort, on a smaller scale, was conducted prior to the 1998 UFDS. For that effort,

potential new facilities were identified using

data from the American Business Index (ABI),

the annual American Hospital Association

survey, and SAMHSA’s Inventory of Mental

Health Organizations, which were the three

source listsfrom 1995-1996 that had yielded the

most new facilities. This search resulted in the

addition of 1,290 facilitiesto the 1998 UFDS. In

addition, potential new facilities had been

identified during the 1997 UFDS, during screening calls to facilities to confirm eligibility, and

from other sources. 

Some facilities operated by Federal agencies

(the Bureau of Prisons, the VA, the Department

of Defense, and the Indian Health Service) are

tracked, but not regulated, by the States. NMFI

records for Federally-operated facilities are

updated annually through lists provided by these

Federal agencies. Facilities operated by the

Bureau of Prisons were excluded from the 1998

UFDS because SAMHSA conducted a separate

survey of correctional facilities.1

Procedures for the 1998 UFDS 

Field period and reference date

The field period for the 1998 UFDS ran from

October 1998 through March 1999, with a

reference date of October 1, 1998. Follow-up

calls to facilities for correction of missing and

erroneous data continued through June 1999. 

Survey coverage 

The UFDS survey was sent to all active facilities that were on the NMFI as of about six

weeks before the survey reference date (October

1, 1998). 

Content

The 1998 UFDS survey instrument was a 10-

page document with 39 numbered questions

1 Office of Applied Studies, SAMHSA (2000). Substance

Abuse Treatment in Adult and Juvenile Correctional

Facilities: Findings from the Uniform Facility Data Set

1997 Survey of Correctional Facilities. Drug and Alcohol

Services Information System Series: S-9.
7

(see Appendix A). Respondents provided information on treatment services and on clients

receiving care on October 1, 1998. Topics

included:

! Facility identification information

! Substance abuse services (treatment, detoxification, prevention, administrative, other)

! Ownership

! Hotline operation

! Organizational setting

! Managed care participation

! Specific services provided (assessment,

therapy, testing, health services, programs

for special groups, etc.)

! General types of treatment provided (outpatient, hospital, residential)

! Organizational relationships (parent or

affiliate(s); financial parent or affiliate(s))

! 12-month unduplicated client count

! 12-month admissions

! Outpatient treatment clients as of the survey

reference date, including:

• Client counts by type of care (detoxification, intensive, and other outpatient)

• Number receiving methadone/LAAM

• Client counts by demographics (age

group, sex, race/ethnicity) 

! Hospital inpatient clients as of the survey

reference date, including:

• Beds designated for substance abuse

clients

• Client counts by type of care (detoxification, rehabilitation)

• Number receiving methadone/LAAM

• Client counts by demographics (age

group, sex, race/ethnicity) 

! Residential clients as ofthe survey reference

date, including:

• Beds designated for substance abuse

clients

• Client counts by type of care (detoxification, rehabilitation)

• Number receiving methadone/LAAM

• Client counts by demographics (age

group, sex, race/ethnicity) 

! Proportions treated for alcohol only, drug

only, and both substances

! Proportions of clientsin selected population

sub-groups (injection drug users, persons

with active TB, HIV-positive clients, clients

in treatment previously, managed care clients, correctional clients, pregnant women,

mothers with dependent children)

! Annual revenue sources and amounts

Data collection 

Prior to the survey, faxes or letters were sent to

all facilities to update address information, and

to alert facilities to expect the survey. Data

collection instruments (with State letters of

endorsement or other enclosures) were mailed to

each facility. During the data collection phase,

contract personnel were available to answer

facilities’ questions concerning the survey. Four

weeks after the initial mailing, thank

you/reminder letters were sent to all facilities.

Five to six weeks after the initial mailing, nonresponding facilities were sent a second mailing.

About five weeks after the second mailing, nonrespondents received a reminder telephone call.

Those facilities that had not responded within

two to three weeks of the reminder call were

telephoned and asked to complete a slightly

abbreviated version of the survey by telephone.

Forms accounting and response rate 

Summary response rate information is presented

in Table 1.1. Questionnaires were mailed to a

total of 21,825 facilities believed to offer substance abuse services (treatment and non-treatment). Of these facilities, 12 percent were found

to be ineligible for the survey, either because

they had closed or because they were not providing substance abuse services on October 1, 
8

1998. Of the remaining 19,174 facilities, the

responses are distributed as follows:

! Fifty-four percent offacilities completed the

full mail survey and 24 percent completed

the abbreviated telephone survey. 

! Seven percent of facilities completed the

firstsections of the questionnaire on facility

characteristics(ownership,setting,services,

etc.) but did not provide separate client

counts—another administratively linked

facility reported client countsfor both facilities combined. These facilities and their

client counts are included in all tablesin this

report. 

! Two percent of facilities did not return a

questionnaire for themselves, but other

facilities reported that they had included the

client counts for the non-reporting facilities

with their client counts. In this report, the

facilities that did not report for themselves

are not included in the counts of facilities,

but their client count data are included.

! Three percent of facilities reported that they

provided treatment, but no client count data

were reported for them. These responses are

not included in this report.

! No response of any kind was received from

10 percent of facilities presumed to be

eligible for the survey (the effective sample).

Quality assurance

All mail questionnaires were reviewed for

inconsistencies and missing data. Calls were

made to facilities to obtain missing data and to

clarify questionable responses. After data entry,

automated quality assurance reviews were

conducted. These included the rules used in

manual editing, plus consistency checks not

Table 1.1

Survey forms accounting and response rate:

UFDS 1998

Number

Percent

of 

total

forms

Percent

of 

effective

sample

Total forms

 distributed

21,825 100.0

Closed/ineligible 2,651 12.1

Effective sample 19,174 87.9 100.0

Usable responses 16,762 76.8 87.4 

 Complete data 16,337 74.9 85.2

 Mail 10,376 47.5 54.1

 Telephone 4,618 21.2 24.1

 Split response11,343 6.2 7.0

 Partial data (client

 counts only)2 425 1.9 2.2

Unusable responses3559 2.6 2.9

Non-respondents 1,853 8.5 9.7

1. Completed facility characteristic questions; client and

revenue data were reported by another facility.

2. Client count reported by another facility.

3. No client counts submitted.

readily implemented by manual review. As a

final check, the data were returned to the State

substance abuse agencies for their review. State

correctionsreceived through January 2000 were

incorporated into the database. 

If facilities could not be reached during the edit

callbacks, responses that were clearly in error

were deleted and imputed.

Item non-response

The editing process ensured that item nonresponse was minimal. A few facilities did not

provide client demographics; missing data were

imputed using averaged responses from facilities in the same State and with similar owner-
9

ship and client mix characteristics. Sixteen

percent of facilities did not provide revenue

data. Missing revenue data were imputed according to the procedure detailed in Appendix

C.

Profile of Responding Facilities 

Table 1.2. Facilities provided a range of substance abuse treatment, detoxification, prevention, related services (e.g., intake, assessment,

and referral), and administrative functions. A

significant number of treatment facilities were

engaged in a range of services and were not

restricted solely to the provision of clinical care.

Only 8 percent were single-function facilities.

The balance of this report will focus on the

13,455 facilities that provide treatment and/or

detoxification services (78 percent of reporting

facilities), either alone or in conjunction with

other substance abuse services. Because some

of these facilities reported client counts for

affiliated facilities, the client countsin Chapters

4 and 5 actually include data on 13,880 facilities.

Most of the responding treatment/detox facilities (78 percent) completed the full survey,

while 22 percent completed the telephone survey (see Appendix A).

Further Data Considerations and Limitations

As with any data collection effort, certain

procedural considerations and data limitations

must be taken into account when interpreting

data from the 1998 UFDS. Some of these are

outlined above. Some general issues are discussed here; considerations and limitations of

specific data items are discussed where the data

are presented.

! UFDS attempts to obtain responses from all

known treatment and prevention facilities,

but it is a voluntary survey. There is no

adjustment for facility non-response.

! Careful editing, and extensive follow-up

have greatly reduced item non-response.

There are instances of non-response in most

data items, however, and some variables

have an explicit Unknown response option.

In addition, respondents contacted by telephone completed a slightly abbreviated

version of the survey (see Appendix A). To

avoid the loss of usable information, all

responding facilities that reported client

counts were retained in the database. Missing data on client demographics and total

revenue were imputed. For the remaining

variables, when a facility did not report

complete information, it was excluded from

the tabulationsfor which data were missing.

As a result, the number of treatment facilities on which tables are based varies somewhat from table to table. The number of

facilities actually reporting data is generally

included on each table.

! UFDS is a point-prevalence survey. It provides information on the substance abuse

treatmentsystem and its clients on the reference date. Client counts do not represent

annual totals. Rather, UFDS provides a

‘snapshot’ of substance abuse treatment

facilities and clients on an average day. 

! UFDS collects data about facilities, not

individual clients. Data on clients represent

an aggregate of clients in treatment for each

reporting facility. Demographic data are

collected in different matrices of the survey

form and cannot be cross-tabulated. While

it is possible to report how many female

clients and how many clients under age 18

were in treatment at a facility, the number of

female clients under 18 cannot be determined. Similarly, data on client characteristics and sources of revenue are reported in
10

separate matrices, so that relationships

between revenue and client characteristics

cannot be analyzed directly.

! Multiple responses were allowed for certain

variables (e.g., services provided, facility

setting, and specialized programs). Tabulations of these variables include the total

number offacilitiesreporting each response.

Organization of the Report 

The balance of this report is organized into four

analytic sections. Chapter 2 presents broad

trends in facility and client characteristics for

1991-1998 (except 1994, when the UFDS

survey was not conducted). Chapter 3 describes

key characteristics of facilities and programs as

of the survey reference date, October 1, 1998.

Chapter 4 describes key characteristics of

clients in substance abuse treatment on the

reference date. Finally, Chapter 5 presents

State-level detail of many of the tables presented in Chapters 3 and 4.

Terminology 

Terms used throughout the report and the tables

are defined below.

! Ownership indicates the type of entity responsible for the operation of the facility:

private for-profit, private non-profit, or

government (Federal, State, local, or tribal).

! Organizational setting indicates the setting

within which services are delivered and, for

settings specializing in substance abuse

treatment, the general type of care offered.

The 1998 UFDS questionnaire permitted

facilities to indicate more than one setting.

For this report, each facility was assigned to

a single organizational setting according to

a defined algorithm (see Appendix B for

details).

! Clientsin treatment are defined as: 1) hospital inpatient and residential clientsreceiving

treatment (and not discharged) on October

1, 1998, and 2) outpatient clients enrolled in

treatment on October 1, 1998 who received

a substance abuse treatment service at any

time between September 1 and October 1,

1998.
 

 Treatment Detoxification Prevention

Other 

substance 

abuse services Administrative

No. of 

facilities Percent 

X 478 2.8 

X X 88 0.5 

X X 103 0.6 

X X 902 5.2 

X X 181 1.0 

X X X 14 0.1 

X X X 179 1.0 

X X X 56 0.3 

X X X 992 5.7 

X X X 95 0.5 

X X X 2,633 15.2 

X X X X 136 0.8 

X X X X 13 0.1 

X X X X 869 5.0 

X X X X 5,112 29.5 

X X X X X 1,424 8.2 

 X 53 0.3 

 X X 1 0.0 

 X X 24 0.1 

 X X 13 0.1 

 X X X 13 0.1 

 X X X 4 0.0 

 X X X 48 0.3 

 X X X X 24 0.1 

 13,455 77.7 Treatment/detox subtotal

 X 370 2.1 

 X 236 1.4 

 X 197 1.1 

 X X 520 3.0 

 X X 298 1.7 

 X X 241 1.4 

 X X X 1,020 5.9 

 2,882 16.6 Non-treatment subtotal

 559 3.2 

 425 2.5 

 17,321 100.0 TOTAL

Facility data reported by another facility

Other

Table 1.2

Facility function for responding facilities: UFDS 1998

Facilities offering only

services other than

treatment or detoxification

Facilities offering treatment or 

detoxification services

Incomplete questionnaire1

1

 Facilities that indicated they provided treatment or detoxification services, but gave no client counts, annual total admissions, or 

annual unduplicated client count, and whose counts were not included in the data for another facility.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set 

(UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.

11
12
13

CHAPTER 2

TRENDS IN FACILITY AND CLIENT CHARACTERISTICS

T

his chapter presents trends in facility and

client characteristics for 1991-1998 (the

survey was not conducted in 1994). Itshould be

kept in mind, however, that the list frame,

methods, and survey instrument have changed

during this period.

Variability in the reporting level of facilities

(i.e., reporting for each program, for each location, or for combined locations) is a critical

factor in comparing the number of facilities

over time. Each completed survey form is

counted as a single reporting facility. As noted

in Chapter 1, however, the level of reporting is

sometimes decided by the State licensing/certification practices and sometimes by

individual facility administrative policies and

practices. Thus some facilities report aggregate

data for more than one facility at the administrative or program level, and others report separately for each program at a specific location.

Data on numbers of clients are not affected by

differences in reporting level.

Since 1992, SAMHSA has made adjustments

each year to the survey design, primarily to

minimize non-response and to expand the

survey coverage. Figure 1 is a time line detailing the major changes in survey scope and

administration that may have affected the numbers of reporting facilities and clients. Beginning in 1992, SAMHSA expanded efforts to

obtain information from non-responding facilities. A representative sample of non-respondents was contacted and administered an abbreviated version of the survey instrument via

telephone. In 1993 and later years, this effort

was extended to all non-responding facilities.

This is reflected in the increased number of

facilities seen in Tables 2.1-2.3. Beginning in

1995, changes in data collection methods enabled more complete identification of duplicate

reporting by networks of facilities, causing a

reduction in the total number of facilities. This

was partially offset by SAMHSA’s efforts to

expand the reporting base prior to the 1997

UFDS. (Although facilities in the expanded

reporting base were surveyed in 1995 and 1996,

they were excluded from published reports until

1997). In 1997 only, facilities offering only

DUI/DWI programs were excluded.

There was significant turnover in facilities

responding to the 1997 and 1998 surveys(Table

2.1). Almost 35 percent of the 13,455 treatment

facilities that responded to the 1998 UFDS did

not participate in the 1997 survey. These 4,663

facilities accounted for 281,160 (27 percent) of

the clients reported to be in treatment on October 1, 1998. This number is offset by the 2,068

facilities that responded to the 1997, but not the

1998, UFDS, yielding a net increase in 1998 of

2,595 facilities responding to the survey. The

4,663 facilities that were new to the survey in

1998 were smaller on average than those facilities responding in both years, with a median of

30 clients in treatment on October 1, compared

with about 40 clients in treatment on October 1

forfacilitiesresponding in both years(38 clients

in 1997 and 42 clients in 1998).

There were two primary reasons for the large

increase in new facilities in 1998:

! SAMHSA continued to expand the survey

coverage by identifying substance abuse
Clients in treatment 

Facilities 

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 

National Drug and Alcoholism Treatment Unit Survey (NDATUS) 1991-1993; Uniform Facility Data Set 

(UFDS) survey 1995-1998.

14

Figure 1

Numbers of facilities and clients in treatment: 1991-1998

1991 1992 1993 1995 1996 1997 1998

Thousands

0

5

10

15

800

900

1000

1100

1992

Follow-up of a sample of 

non-responding facilities:

25% increase in facilities

16% increase in clients

1995

Enhanced identification of 

duplicate reporting:

7% decrease in facilities

7% increase in clients

1997

Enhanced reporting base;

exclusion of DUI/DWI

facilities:

2% increase in facilities

1% decrease in clients

1993

Follow-up of all nonresponding facilities:

2% increase in facilities

No change in clients

1996

Centralized data 

collection:

1% decrease in facilities

7% decrease in clients

1998

Enhanced reporting base;

inclusion of DUI/DWI facilities;

24% increase in facilities

12% increase in clients
15

treatment facilities not on the NMFI. The

result was an addition of nearly 2,000 facilities to the NMFI prior to the 1998 UFDS

survey. It is important to note that these

additions were not necessarily new facilities, but were facilities not previously included in the UFDS survey. 

! The response rate for the 1998 survey was

about 5 percentage points higher than the

rate in 1997. This is important because no

adjustment for non-response is made in the

survey data.

Table 2.1

Number of substance abuse treatment facilities

and clients, and median number of clients by year

of UFDS survey participation: 1997 and 1998

Year of survey participation

No. of

facilities

No. of 

clients

Median

no. of

clients

Total 1997 10,860 929,086 36

Total 1998 13,455 1,038,378 38

1997 only 2,068 177,483 30

Both 1997 and 1998

 1997 response 8,792 751,603 38

 1998 response 8,792 757,218 42

1998 only 4,663 281,160 30

The number of clients reported to be in treatment on the reference date also increased substantially from 929,086 in 1997 to 1,038,378 in

1998. The majority of this increase can be

attributed to the greater number of facilities

participating in the 1998 UFDS. In fact, for the

8,792 facilitiesthat participated in both the 1997

and 1998 UFDS surveys, the reported client

countsincreased only about 6,000 between 1997

and 1998. 

Facility Characteristics 

Table 2.2. The overallstructure of the treatment

system as reflected in the UFDS data remained

relatively constant over the period 1991-1998.

In 1998, private non-profitfacilitiesmade up the

bulk of the system (56 percent), followed by

private for-profit (28 percent) and State/local

government (13 percent).

Most treatment was provided in specialty substance abuse treatment facilities (54 percent).

Mental health facilities made up 23 percent of

the system, and physical health settings made up

12 percent.

Six percent of facilities dispensed opioid substitutes (methadone or LAAM), down from a high

of 9 percent in 1996. The median number of

clients in treatment per facility has remained in

the range of 35-40.

Managed Care

Table 2.3. Information on managed care has

been collected since 1995. Facilities were asked

whether they were owned or operated by a

managed care firm, and whether they had managed care contracts. In 1998, only 1-2 percent of

facilities were owned or operated by managed

care firms, regardless of ownership or organizational setting. (The one exception was

Federally-owned facilities, where the percent

operated by managed care firms increased to

almost 5 percent in 1998.)

About 45 percent of facilities had managed care

contracts in 1998, with privately-owned facilities more likely to have contracts than

government-owned facilities. The percentage

with managed care contracts in 1998 ranged

from a high of 57 percent in mental health

settings to a low of 20 percent in criminal

justice settings.
16

Figure 2

Clients in treatment by age group

UFDS 1991-1998 compared to U.S. population 1998

1991 1992 1993 1994* 1995 1996 1997 1998 US 1998

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

* No survey conducted in 1994.

SOURCES: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration,

National Drug and Alcoholism Treatment Unit Survey (NDATUS) 1991-93; Uniform Facility Data Set

(UFDS) survey, 1995-98. U.S. Bureau of the Census: Population Projections of the United States by

Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1995 to 2050. Population Electronic Product #45.

Under 18 years 18 to 24 years 25 to 34 years

35 to 44 years 45 years & over

Client Characteristics

Table 2.4. The distribution of UFDS clients by

sex is different from that of the U.S. population.

In the U.S., about half the population is male,

while in UFDS, malesrepresented 69 percent of

all clients on October 1, 1998. 

The age distribution of UFDS clients is also

different from that of the U.S. population.

Eighty-nine percent of the UFDS population

was aged 18-44 on October 1, 1998, compared

to 40 percent of the U.S. population. Client age

patterns (Figure 2) changed over 1991-1998,

with increases in the proportions of both younger and older clients. The proportion of clients

under age 18 increased from 6 percent in 1991

to nearly 10 percent in 1998. The proportion of

clients over age 35 increased from 41 percent to

46 percent. These increases were balanced by a

decline in the proportion of clients aged 25-34,

from 35 percent to 27 percent.
17

Figure 3

Clients in treatment by race/ethnicity

UFDS 1991-1998 compared to U.S. population 1998

1991 1992 1993 1994* 1995 1996 1997 1998 US 1998

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

* No survey conducted in 1994.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration,

National Drug and Alcoholism Treatment Unit Survey (NDATUS) 1991-93; Uniform Facility Data Set

(UFDS) survey, 1995-98. U.S. Bureau of the Census: Population Projections of the United States by

Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1995 to 2050. Population Electronic Product #45.

White Hispanic 

American Indian/

Alaskan Native 

Black or African-American

Asian/Pacific Islander Other 

The racial/ethnic composition of UFDS clients

was somewhat different from that of the U.S.

population. Whites were the majority in both

groups, but represented 58 percent of UFDS

clients on October 1, 1998, compared to 73

percent of the U.S. population. Blacks represented 24 percent of UFDS clients on the reference date, and 12 percent of the U.S. population. 

The racial/ethnic composition of clients in

treatment showed no consistent trends (Figure

3). The proportion of clients who were white

ranged from 57-61 percent during that time,

with the highest proportions reported in 1991

and 1995. The proportion of clients who were

black or African-American ranged from 21-25

percent, with the highest proportion reported in

1997.
18

Figure 4

Clients in treatment by type of care: 1991-1998

1991 1992 1993 1994* 1995 1996 1997 1998 

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Outpatient Residential Hospital inpatient 

Methadone/LAAM (may be any type of care)

* No survey conducted in 1994

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration,

National Drug and Alcoholism Treatment Unit Survey (NDATUS) 1991-93; Uniform Facility Data Set

(UFDS) survey, 1995-98.

Type of care remained relatively consistent over

the period 1991-1998 (Figure 4), though the

proportion receiving hospital inpatient care

showed a slight decline.1 On October 1, 1998,

most clients (88 percent) were receiving outpatient treatment, 10 percent were receiving residential treatment, and fewer than 2 percent were

receiving hospital inpatient treatment. Hospital

care, while only a small proportion of

the total, decreased by almost half from a high

of 2.6 percent in 1992 to only 1.4 percent in

1998.

Clients may receive opioid substitutes (methadone or LAAM) in conjunction with any other

type of care. About 14 percent of clients were

reported to be receiving opioid substitutes on

October 1, 1998. This proportion has increased

slightly since 1991.

1 Because thisis a cross-sectional survey, the proportion of clients in a type of care where the length of stay isshort (i.e.,

hospital inpatient and residential) will underestimate the proportion of all clients who receive that type of care during

a treatment episode. Hospital inpatient or residential care is often followed, in a treatment episode, by outpatient care.
 

1991 1992 21993 1995 1996 1997 1998 1991 1992 1993 1995 1996 1997 1998

Total facilities 9,057 11,270 11,496 10,746 10,641 10,860 13,455 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Ownership

Private non-profit 5,766 6,852 7,020 6,514 6,482 6,498 7,489 63.7 60.8 61.1 60.6 60.9 59.8 55.7

Private for-profit 1,675 2,327 2,384 2,342 2,373 2,550 3,775 18.5 20.6 20.7 21.8 22.3 23.5 28.1

State/local government 1,342 1,536 1,549 1,399 1,323 1,370 1,694 14.8 13.6 13.5 13.0 12.4 12.6 12.6

Federal government 211 351 388 339 323 293 317 2.3 3.1 3.4 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.4

Tribal government 63 204 155 152 140 149 180 0.7 1.8 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.3

Organizational setting

Specialty substance abuse treatment 5,637 7,397 7,515 5,353 6,173 5,906 7,199 62.2 65.6 65.4 49.8 58.0 54.4 53.5

Mental health settings and services 1,549 1,826 1,742 2,700 1,984 2,295 3,082 17.1 16.2 15.2 25.1 18.6 21.1 22.9

Physical health settings and services 1,082 1,341 1,437 1,726 1,340 1,471 1,635 11.9 11.9 12.5 16.1 12.6 13.5 12.2

Criminal justice system 222 312 310 519 579 556 885 2.5 2.8 2.7 4.8 5.4 5.1 6.6

All other settings and services 567 394 492 448 565 632 654 6.3 3.5 4.3 4.2 5.3 5.8 4.9

 

Facilities dispensing opioid substitutes 584 664 690 616 902 768 811 6.4 5.9 6.0 5.7 8.5 7.1 6.0

 

Median number of clients per facility 35 36 35 40 39 36 38 

19

Table 2.2

Substance abuse treatment facilities by ownership, organizational setting, dispensation of opioid substitutes,

and median clients in treatment: 1991-19981

Ownership, organizational setting, 

dispensation of opioid substitutes,

and median clients in treatment

Clients per facility

Number of facilities Percent of all facilities

Number of facilities Percent distribution

1

 Survey reference dates for clients in treatment were: Sept. 30, 1991-1992; Oct. 1, 1993; Oct. 2, 1995; Oct. 1, 1996-1998. See Chapter 2 for a discussion of changes in the survey

base, methods, and instrument that affect analysis of trends over time. 

2 Excludes 46 facilities that did not complete these data items.

Specialty substance abuse treatment includes facilities that provide no medical or mental health services other than substance abuse treatment.

Mental health settings and services include facilities that directly provide a range of mental health services in addition to substance abuse treatment.

Physical health settings and services include facilities that directly provide medical services in addition to substance abuse treatment. These facilities may also provide mental 

health services.

Criminal justice system includes some State and local correctional facilities; juvenile residential facilities; community corrections facilities; probation, parole, and TASC programs; 

and domestic violence programs. Federal Bureau of Prison facilities are excluded for 1997 and 1998.

All other settings and services include community, family, and human services and resources organizations; youth centers; schools; Employee Assistance Programs; and 

charitable organizations. This category also includes facilities with multiple settings.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, National Drug and Alcoholism Treatment Unit Survey (NDATUS), 1991-1993; 

Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, 1995-1998.
 

1995 1996 1997 1998 1995 1996 1997 1998 1995 1996 1997 1998

Total facilities 10,746 10,641 10,860 13,455 n/c 1.6 1.4 1.3 32.3 42.4 46.4 44.5

Ownership 

Private non-profit 6,514 6,482 6,498 7,489 n/c 1.4 1.3 1.1 33.9 44.2 49.0 48.8

Private for-profit 2,342 2,373 2,550 3,775 n/c 2.4 1.7 1.1 42.6 52.7 54.5 46.4

State/local government 1,399 1,323 1,370 1,694 n/c 0.7 0.9 1.4 17.7 26.0 29.7 29.2

Federal government 339 323 293 317 n/c 2.2 3.1 4.7 2.1 9.9 11.3 16.7

Tribal government 152 140 149 180 n/c 2.9 1.3 2.2 9.9 15.7 16.1 18.3

Organizational setting 

Specialty substance abuse treatment 5,353 6,173 5,906 7,199 n/c 1.5 1.3 0.9 29.5 39.0 42.1 40.9

Mental health settings and services 2,700 1,984 2,295 3,082 n/c 1.2 1.8 1.7 38.7 54.5 59.3 57.0

Physical health settings and services 1,726 1,340 1,471 1,635 n/c 2.5 2.0 2.1 44.5 59.6 63.7 55.2

Criminal justice system 519 579 556 885 n/c 1.7 0.4 0.9 3.1 16.4 12.1 19.7

All other settings and services 448 565 632 654 n/c 1.4 0.5 1.2 14.3 22.5 29.6 32.3

20 

Percent with managed care contract(s)

Table 2.3

Substance abuse treatment facilities owned or operated by a managed care firm, or with managed care contracts, by ownership and 

organizational setting: 1995-19981

Ownership and 

organizational setting

Number of facilities

Percent owned or operated by 

managed care firm

1

 Survey reference dates for clients in treatment were: Oct. 2, 1995; Oct. 1, 1996-1998. See Chapter 2 for a discussion of changes in the survey base, methods, and 

instrument that affect analysis of trends over time.

n/c Data not collected.

Specialty substance abuse treatment includes facilities that provide no medical or mental health services other than substance abuse treatment.

Mental health settings and services include facilities that directly provide a range of mental health services in addition to substance abuse treatment.

Physical health settings and services include facilities that directly provide medical services in addition to substance abuse treatment. These facilities may also 

provide mental health services.

Criminal justice system includes some State and local correctional facilities; juvenile residential facilities; community corrections facilities; probation, parole, and TASC 

programs; and domestic violence programs. Federal Bureau of Prison facilities are excluded for 1997 and 1998.

All other settings and services include community, family, and human services and resources organizations; youth centers; schools; Employee Assistance Programs; 

and charitable organizations. This category also includes facilities with multiple settings.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, 1995-1998.
 0.0 0.0 

1991 21992 2

1993 1995 1996 1997 1998 1991 1992 1993 1995 1996 1997 1998

Number of clients in treatment Percent distribution

Total 811,819 944,880 944,208 1,009,127 940,141 929,086 1,038,378 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sex

Male 588,295 671,426 663,968 707,252 640,369 632,113 715,479 72.5 71.1 70.3 70.1 68.1 68.0 68.9

Female 223,524 273,454 280,240 301,875 299,772 296,973 322,899 27.5 28.9 29.7 29.9 31.9 32.0 31.1

Race/ethnicity

White 498,922 565,038 564,224 621,099 550,496 524,947 605,793 61.5 59.8 59.8 61.5 58.6 56.5 58.3

Black or African-American 172,144 204,286 212,607 219,064 219,409 230,971 247,840 21.2 21.6 22.5 21.7 23.3 24.9 23.9

Hispanic 114,735 138,136 130,460 127,047 130,140 132,459 140,499 14.1 14.6 13.8 12.6 13.8 14.3 13.5

Asian or Pacific Islander 7,118 7,210 8,365 9,143 8,987 7,697 9,300 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.9

American Indian or Alaska Native 14,857 12,408 23,303 24,292 25,011 24,459 26,724 1.8 1.3 2.5 2.4 2.7 2.6 2.6

Other 4,043 17,801 5,249 8,482 6,098 8,553 8,222 0.5 1.9 0.6 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.8

Age group

Under 18 years 48,045 51,252 59,820 70,050 76,687 81,456 100,322 5.9 5.4 6.3 6.9 8.2 8.8 9.7

18 to 24 years 147,617 155,916 153,053 143,750 122,739 160,376 182,986 18.2 16.5 16.2 14.2 13.1 17.3 17.6

 18 to 20 years 42,378 44,554 45,548 46,642 n/c 62,046 68,677 5.2 4.7 4.8 4.6 n/c 6.7 6.6

 21 to 24 years 105,239 111,362 107,505 97,108 n/c 98,330 114,309 13.0 11.8 11.4 9.6 n/c 10.6 11.0

25 to 34 years 286,066 332,334 325,332 314,003 283,673 270,286 282,467 35.2 35.2 34.5 31.1 30.2 29.1 27.2

35 to 44 years 216,778 267,153 264,892 299,620 295,780 264,549 293,561 26.7 28.3 28.1 29.7 31.5 28.5 28.3

45 to 64 years 105,107 129,271 131,350 167,757 145,819 135,758 162,795 12.9 13.7 13.9 16.6 15.5 14.6 15.7

65 years & over 8,206 8,954 9,761 13,947 15,443 16,661 16,247 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.8 1.6

Type of care

Outpatient 712,669 822,941 823,147 864,285 825,176 808,956 915,798 87.8 87.1 87.2 85.6 87.8 87.1 88.2

Residential 84,723 97,101 99,343 120,951 97,698 103,750 107,961 10.4 10.3 10.5 12.0 10.4 11.2 10.4

Hospital inpatient 14,427 24,838 21,718 23,891 17,267 16,380 14,619 1.8 2.6 2.3 2.4 1.8 1.8 1.4

Receiving opioid substitutes3

 99,111 117,508 112,715 117,895 123,906 138,009 149,030 12.2 12.4 11.9 11.7 13.2 14.9 14.4

Table 2.4

Substance abuse treatment clients by sex, race/ethnicity, age group, and type of care: 1991-19981

Sex, race/ethnicity, 

age, and type of care

21

1

 Survey reference dates for clients in treatment were: Sept. 30, 1991-1992; Oct. 1, 1993; Oct. 2, 1995; Oct. 1, 1996-1998. See Chapter 2 for a discussion of changes in the survey

base, methods, and instrument that affect analysis of trends over time. 

2

 Numbers published here differ from earlier published numbers because sex, race/ethnicity, and age group were imputed where these numbers were unknown.

3 Clients receiving opioid substitutes may be in any type of care (outpatient, residential, or hospital inpatient).

n/c Data not collected.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, National Drug and Alcoholism Treatment Unit Survey (NDATUS), 1991-1993; 

Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, 1995-1998.
22
23

CHAPTER 3

FACILITY CHARACTERISTICS AND SERVICES

T

his chapter describes key characteristics of

facilities and programs on October 1, 1998.

Facilities are described in terms of ownership,

organizational setting, and number of clients in

treatment. Ownership indicates the type of

entity responsible for the operation of the facility: private for-profit, private non-profit, or

government (Federal, State, local, or tribal).

Organizational setting indicates the setting

within which services are delivered and, forsettings specializing in substance abuse treatment,

the general type of care offered.1 Clients in

treatment are defined as: 1) hospital inpatient

and residential clients receiving treatment (and

not discharged) on the reference date, and 2)

outpatient clients enrolled on the reference date

who received a substance abuse treatment

service during the prior month.

Facility Ownership and Organizational

Setting 

Table 3.1a. Overall, 56 percent of facilities

treating substance abuse were private non-profit.

About 28 percent were private for-profit, and

the balance were operated by various levels

of government. For most organizational settings, private non-profits made up well over half

of all facilities. Exceptions were solo/group

practices, where only 7 percent were private

non-profit, and psychiatric and specialized

hospitals and criminal justice facilities, where

private non-profits made up slightly less than

half of the facilities. 

Table 3.1b. Organizationally, facilities specializing in substance abuse treatment made up 44

percent of all facilities. More than half of these

facilities offered outpatient treatment only,

about one-third offered residential treatment

only, and the remainder offered both outpatient

and residential treatment. Community mental

health centers (CMHCs) and other non-hospital

mental health facilities made up the next largest

group of facilities, at 15 percent of all facilities.

These were followed by solo/group practitioners

(10 percent) and general hospitals (8 percent).

Clients in Treatment 

Table 3.2. The median number of clients in

treatment at a facility on October 1, 1998, was

38. Government-owned facilitiestended to have

more clients per facility than did private facilities. Among private facilities, non-profit facilities had more clients per facility than did forprofits. 

The median number of clients in treatment also

varied by organizational setting. Specialty

substance abuse treatment facilities providing

only outpatient services had the largest number

of clients, with a median of 63. Facilities providing both outpatient and residential services

had a median of 59 clients, followed by criminal

justice settings, with 50 clients per facility.

Residential specialty substance abuse treatment

facilities and solo/group practices had the

lowest median numbers of clients, 19 and 15,

respectively. 

1 The 1998 UFDS questionnaire permitted some facilities

to indicate more than one setting. For this report, each

facilitywas assigned to a single organizationalsetting. See

Appendix B for details.
24

Programs for Special Groups 

Table 3.3. Some facilities offered special programs for high-risk or special-risk groups.

These groups included the dually-diagnosed

(persons with both mental and substance abuse

problems), adolescents, persons with HIV or

AIDS, pregnant/postpartum women, and other

women's groups. 

Overall, nearly half (48 percent) of all facilities

provided programs for the dually diagnosed.

These services were most likely to be provided

by:

! VA-owned facilities (73 percent)

! CMHCs (69 percent)

! Psychiatric/specialized hospitals (66 percent)

! General hospitals (60 percent)

Facilities least likely to have programs for the

dually diagnosed were:

! Department of Defense-owned facilities(34

percent)

! Community or religious organizations (35

percent)

! Specialty residential facilities (35 percent)

! Specialty outpatient facilities (38 percent)

! Criminal justice facilities (38 percent)

About 38 percent of facilities offered programs

for adolescents. Programs for adolescents were

most likely to be offered by:

! Indian Health Service or tribal governmentowned facilities (66 percent, combined)

! CMHCs (53 percent)

! Psychiatric/specialized hospitals (46 percent)

Adolescent programs were least likely to be

available in:

! VA-owned facilities (no adolescent programs)

! Dept. of Defense-owned facilities (6 percent)

! Residential specialty substance abuse treatment facilities (17 percent)

! General hospitals (25 percent)

! Criminal justice facilities (29 percent)

Almost one-fifth (19 percent) of facilities offered programs for persons with HIV/AIDS.

These programs were most likely to be available

in:

! Community health centers (34 percent)

! VA-owned facilities (33 percent)

Programs for persons with HIV/AIDS were

least likely to be offered by:

! Department of Defense-owned facilities (6

percent)

! Indian Health Service or tribal governmentowned facilities (7 percent, combined)

! Solo/group practices (13 percent)

! Private for-profit facilities (14 percent)

Programs for pregnant or postpartum women

were offered by fewer than 20 percent of facilities. These were most likely to be offered at:

! Local government-owned facilities (32 percent)

! Community health centers (29 percent)

! Mixed outpatient/residential specialty substance abuse facilities (29 percent)

Programs for pregnant or postpartum women

were least likely to be offered by:

! VA-owned facilities (5 percent)

! Solo/group practices (8 percent)

! Private for-profit facilities (10 percent)
25

Services Offered

Facilities responding to the mail questionnaire

were asked to complete a detailed checklist of

services available. Specific services were broadly categorized as:

! assessment services

! therapy

! testing

! health services

! continuing care

! transitional services

! community outreach

! other services

A majority of facilities offered one or more

services in each category. Almost all facilities

offered individual therapy (92-95 percent across

ownership categories, and 87-97 percent across

organizationalsetting categories). However, the

availability of most specific services varied by

ownership and organizational setting. Differences were most apparent in testing, health, and

transitional services.

Table 3.4. In general, fewer private for-profit

facilities offered a range of testing and health

services, whereas State and Federal governmentowned facilities were more likely to offer a

range of these services.

Table 3.5. Solo/group practitioners were least

likely to offer services in all categories except

assessment and therapy. Among specialty substance abuse treatment facilities, outpatient

facilities generally had fewertesting, health, and

transitionalservices available than residential or

mixed outpatient/residential facilities.

Beds Designated for Substance Abuse Treatment 

Tables 3.6 and 3.7. Facilities were asked to

report residential and hospital inpatient beds

designated for substance abuse treatment. The

reader is cautioned in comparing these data with

the 1997 UFDS data because of a change in the

survey question. In 1997, facilities were asked

about beds “available” for substance abuse

treatment, whereas in 1998 they were asked

about beds “designated” for treatment. This

change may have resulted in different reporting

for some facilities.

Some 3,112 facilities reported having 128,598

beds designated for residential treatment. More

than 80 percent of these facilities were privately

owned, and accounted for 74 percent of the

beds. On October 1, 1998, 84 percent of the

designated residential beds were in use by

substance abuse treatment clients. The utilization rate varied by ownership from a low of 54

percent in defense department facilities to 90

percent in state and local government facilities.

Community health centers reported clients in

excess of designated capacity.

There were 24,921 beds designated for hospital

inpatient treatment, reported by 960 facilities.

Nearly 80 percent of these were privately

owned, and accounted for 77 percent of the

beds. On October 1, 1998, 54 percent of the

designated hospital inpatient beds were in use

by substance abuse treatment clients. The utilization rate by organizationalsetting varied from

a low of 32 percent for community mental

health centers to a high of 100 percent for

community or religioustreatment facilities. The

Indian Health Service facilities reported clients

in excess of designated capacity.

Figure 5 shows the distribution of the facilitylevel utilization rates separately for residential

and hospital inpatient beds. Seventy percent of

the facilities with residential beds were at or

near capacity on the reference date, with utilization rates ranging from 76 to 100 percent. In

contrast, only 32 percent of the facilities with
26

Figure 5

Residential and hospital inpatient utilization rates:

October 1, 1998

Utilization rates

Residential

Percent of facilities

0%

25%

50%

75%

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration,

Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.

25% or less 26 to 50% 51 to 75% More than 75% 

Hospital inpatient

hospital inpatient beds had utilization rates in

that range.

Revenue 

Table 3.8. About 84 percent of facilities reported revenue information, including those

whose revenue was reported by an

administratively-linked facility. The revenue for

the non-respondents was imputed (see Appendix

C). Total revenue, including the imputed

amounts, was estimated at approximately $6.8

billion. The total reported revenue (exclusive of

imputation) was approximately $5.9 billion, of

which:

! 33 percent was State government funds

(including Federal block grant funds, which

are distributed by the State)

! 16 percent was from Medicaid 

! 15 percent was from private health insurance

! 11 percent was from direct client payments

These percentages varied considerably by

ownership and organizationalsetting. For example, 51 percent of the revenue of private forprofit facilities came from private health insurance and client payments, compared with 25

percent for private non-profit facilities.
All 

facilities

Private

nonprofit

Private

forprofitLocal

govt

State

govt

Federal 

govt

Tribal

govt

All 

facilities

Private

nonprofit

Private

forprofitLocal

govt

State

govt

Federal 

govt

Tribal

govt

Total 13,455 7,489 3,775 1,105 589 317 180 100.0 55.7 28.1 8.2 4.4 2.4 1.3 

Specialty substance abuse treatment 5,949 3,771 1,465 383 160 75 95 100.0 63.4 24.6 6.4 2.7 1.3 1.6 

Outpatient 3,720 2,034 1,190 286 84 63 63 100.0 54.7 32.0 7.7 2.3 1.7 1.7 

Residential (incl. halfway house, therapeutic 

community) 1,875 1,460 240 79 70 8 18 100.0 77.9 12.8 4.2 3.7 0.4 1.0 

Outpatient & residential 354 277 35 18 6 4 14 100.0 78.2 9.9 5.1 1.7 1.1 4.0 

Community mental health center/Other mental health 

facility 2,004 1,334 189 343 84 25 29 100.0 66.6 9.4 17.1 4.2 1.2 1.4 

Solo or group practice 1,395 97 1,290 4 1 -- 3 100.0 7.0 92.5 0.3 0.1 -- 0.2 

General hospital (incl. VA) 1,074 699 115 105 12 142 1 100.0 65.1 10.7 9.8 1.1 13.2 0.1 

Psychiatric or other specialized hospital 802 369 252 43 87 37 14 100.0 46.0 31.4 5.4 10.8 4.6 1.7 

Criminal justice 807 385 116 114 177 3 12 100.0 47.7 14.4 14.1 21.9 0.4 1.5 

Community or religious agency/organization 338 300 15 21 -- -- 2 100.0 88.8 4.4 6.2 -- -- 0.6 

Community health center 108 76 2 14 4 5 7 100.0 70.4 1.9 13.0 3.7 4.6 6.5 

Multiple or unknown settings 978 458 331 78 64 30 17 100.0 46.8 33.8 8.0 6.5 3.1 1.7 

27

Table 3.1a

Substance abuse treatment facilities by ownership, according to organizational setting: October 1, 1998 

Percent distribution

Ownership

Organizational setting Number of facilities 1

1

 See Appendix B for a discussion of assignment of organizational setting.

-- Quantity is zero.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.
All 

facilities

Private

nonprofit

Private

forprofitLocal

govt

State

govt

Federal 

govt

Tribal

govt

All 

facilities

Private

nonprofit

Private

forprofitLocal

govt

State

govt

Federal

govt

Tribal

govt

Total 13,455 7,489 3,775 1,105 589 317 180 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Specialty substance abuse treatment 5,949 3,771 1,465 383 160 75 95 44.2 50.4 38.8 34.7 27.2 23.7 52.8 

Outpatient 3,720 2,034 1,190 286 84 63 63 27.6 27.2 31.5 25.9 14.3 19.9 35.0 

Residential (incl. halfway house, therapeutic 

community) 1,875 1,460 240 79 70 8 18 13.9 19.5 6.4 7.1 11.9 2.5 10.0 

Outpatient & residential 354 277 35 18 6 4 14 2.6 3.7 0.9 1.6 1.0 1.3 7.8 

Community mental health center/Other mental health 

facility 2,004 1,334 189 343 84 25 29 14.9 17.8 5.0 31.0 14.3 7.9 16.1 

Solo or group practice 1,395 97 1,290 4 1 -- 3 10.4 1.3 34.2 0.4 0.2 -- 1.7 

General hospital (incl. VA) 1,074 699 115 105 12 142 1 8.0 9.3 3.0 9.5 2.0 44.8 0.6 

Psychiatric or other specialized hospital 802 369 252 43 87 37 14 6.0 4.9 6.7 3.9 14.8 11.7 7.8 

Criminal justice 807 385 116 114 177 3 12 6.0 5.1 3.1 10.3 30.1 0.9 6.7 

Community or religious agency/organization 338 300 15 21 -- -- 2 2.5 4.0 0.4 1.9 -- -- 1.1 

Community health center 108 76 2 14 4 5 7 0.8 1.0 0.1 1.3 0.7 1.6 3.9 

Multiple or unknown settings 978 458 331 78 64 30 17 7.3 6.1 8.8 7.1 10.9 9.5 9.4 

28

Table 3.1b

Substance abuse treatment facilities by organizational setting, according to ownership: October 1, 1998 

Percent distribution

Ownership

Organizational setting Number of facilities 1

1

 See Appendix B for a discussion of assignment of organizational setting.

-- Quantity is zero.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.
 

 

 

Ownership and 

organizational setting 1Total

Fewer 

than 15 

clients

15-29 

clients

30-99 

clients

100-299 

clients

300 

clients or 

more Total

Fewer 

than 15 

clients

15-29 

clients

30-99 

clients

100-299 

clients

300 

clients or 

more

Total 38 11,306 2,742 2,231 3,850 1,906 577 100.0 24.3 19.7 34.1 16.9 5.1 

Ownership

Private non-profit 37 6,164 1,376 1,292 2,163 1,034 299 100.0 22.3 21.0 35.1 16.8 4.9 

Private for-profit 29 3,317 1,014 648 1,023 496 136 100.0 30.6 19.5 30.8 15.0 4.1 

Local, county, or community government 47 864 162 127 323 187 65 100.0 18.8 14.7 37.4 21.6 7.5 

State government 49 482 73 89 186 98 36 100.0 15.1 18.5 38.6 20.3 7.5 

Federal government 54 311 68 44 89 71 39 100.0 21.9 14.1 28.6 22.8 12.5 

Dept. of Veterans Affairs 133 147 3 7 45 58 34 100.0 2.0 4.8 30.6 39.5 23.1 

Dept. of Defense 19 124 52 25 30 12 5 100.0 41.9 20.2 24.2 9.7 4.0 

Indian Health Service 18 30 11 8 10 1 -- 100.0 36.7 26.7 33.3 3.3 -- 

Other 24 10 2 4 4 -- -- 100.0 20.0 40.0 40.0 -- -- 

Tribal government 30 168 49 31 66 20 2 100.0 29.2 18.5 39.3 11.9 1.2 

Organizational setting

Specialty substance abuse treatment 41 5,047 1,021 1,016 1,739 975 296 100.0 20.2 20.1 34.5 19.3 5.9 

Outpatient 63 3,139 426 448 1,158 834 273 100.0 13.6 14.3 36.9 26.6 8.7 

Residential (incl. halfway house, 

therapeutic community) 19 1,620 572 530 433 80 5 100.0 35.3 32.7 26.7 4.9 0.3 

Outpatient & residential 59 288 23 38 148 61 18 100.0 8.0 13.2 51.4 21.2 6.3 

Community mental health center/Other 

mental health facility 40 1,350 270 250 544 225 61 100.0 20.0 18.5 40.3 16.7 4.5 

Solo or group practice 15 1,297 587 273 319 106 12 100.0 45.3 21.0 24.6 8.2 0.9 

General hospital (incl. VA) 33 1,003 305 158 298 175 67 100.0 30.4 15.8 29.7 17.4 6.7 

Psychiatric or other specialized hospital 32 708 155 173 232 115 33 100.0 21.9 24.4 32.8 16.2 4.7 

Criminal justice 50 681 97 110 285 140 49 100.0 14.2 16.2 41.9 20.6 7.2 

Community or religious agency/org. 31 282 66 70 109 32 5 100.0 23.4 24.8 38.7 11.3 1.8 

Community health center 32 89 19 22 34 11 3 100.0 21.3 24.7 38.2 12.4 3.4 

Multiple or unknown settings 35 849 222 159 290 127 51 100.0 26.1 18.7 34.2 15.0 6.0 

Median 

clients 

per 

facility 2

29

Percent distribution

Clients per facility on October 1, 1998 2

Number of facilities

Table 3.2

Substance abuse treatment facilities by number of clients in treatment per facility, according to ownership and organizational setting: October 1, 1998 

1

 See Appendix B for a discussion of assignment of organizational setting.

2Does not include facilities whose client count is not known, or whose client count is included in the count for another facility.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.

 Excludes 1,316 facilities whose client counts were reported by another facility; 720 facilities that included clients counts for other facilities; and 113 facilities for which a client 

count was not known.

-- Quantity is zero.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.
 

 

Duallydiagnosed AdolescentsPersons with 

HIV/AIDS

Pregnant/

postpartum 

women

Other women's 

groups

Other special 

groups

Total 13,455 47.7 38.4 19.1 18.5 28.4 8.7 

Ownership

Private non-profit 7,489 47.4 39.5 21.3 21.5 31.0 9.2 

Private for-profit 3,775 45.6 36.8 14.2 9.7 21.1 7.9 

Local, county, or community government 1,105 55.3 43.5 22.7 31.8 39.0 5.8 

State government 589 50.3 31.9 20.5 17.7 27.0 11.4 

Federal government 317 55.2 10.7 19.6 10.1 23.0 8.2 

Dept. of Veterans Affairs 149 73.2 -- 32.9 4.7 31.5 12.8 

Dept. of Defense 128 33.6 5.5 5.5 13.3 10.2 2.3 

Indian Health Service 30 56.7 73.3 13.3 20.0 33.3 10.0 

Other 10 60.0 50.0 20.0 20.0 30.0 10.0 

Tribal government 180 36.1 64.4 6.1 17.2 25.0 14.4 

Organizational setting

Specialty substance abuse treatment 5,949 37.7 33.8 19.3 20.2 30.8 10.0 

Outpatient 3,720 38.0 42.3 18.0 19.5 32.1 10.5 

Residential (incl. halfway house, therapeutic 

community) 1,875 35.3 17.3 21.8 20.0 27.0 9.8 

Outpatient & residential 354 48.0 32.8 19.5 29.1 36.7 7.1 

Community mental health center or other mental 

health facility 2,004 68.5 52.6 18.1 21.8 31.3 5.1 

Solo or group practice 1,395 44.9 36.4 12.6 8.0 19.4 6.1 

General hospital (incl. VA) 1,074 59.9 25.4 19.6 16.6 23.4 6.6 

Psychiatric or other specialized hospital 802 66.0 45.6 21.2 18.8 25.6 7.4 

Criminal justice 807 38.2 29.1 23.5 16.1 27.5 11.3 

Community or religious agency/organization 338 35.2 43.2 18.9 19.2 29.3 12.7 

Community health center 108 47.2 43.5 34.3 28.7 25.9 18.5 

Multiple or unknown settings 978 53.5 53.4 22.2 19.1 29.7 10.4 

30

Table 3.3

Substance abuse treatment facilities offering programs for special groups, by ownership and organizational setting: 

October 1, 1998

Special group

All facilities Percent of facilities offering programs

Ownership and 

organizational setting 1

1

 See Appendix B for a discussion of assignment of organizational setting.

-- Quantity is zero.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.
 

 

Services Private non-profit Private for-profit Local govt State govt Federal govt Tribal govt

No. of facilities1

 10,551 5,937 2,846 899 490 244 135

 

Assessment services 93.7 92.2 96.2 95.0 93.9 98.0 94.1

Comprehensive substance abuse assessment/diagnosis 91.1 90.0 92.7 92.4 90.6 96.7 92.6

Comprehensive mental health assessment/diagnosis 44.6 41.7 46.5 49.6 49.8 69.3 35.6

Other 2.8 2.8 2.7 2.9 3.3 4.1 1.5

Therapy 97.6 97.2 98.5 97.0 98.0 98.8 97.8

Family counseling 72.7 72.4 76.0 74.2 55.3 71.7 68.9

Group therapy (excl. relapse prevention) 87.3 89.7 80.3 91.4 90.6 89.8 80.7

Individual therapy 92.6 92.1 93.1 94.3 92.2 94.7 93.3

Pharmacotherapies/prescription medication 39.5 39.8 31.9 51.8 49.6 64.8 17.8

Relapse prevention groups 70.7 73.2 60.9 73.7 83.9 88.1 66.7

Other 7.2 7.6 6.3 7.2 7.3 8.6 6.7

Testing 78.9 82.0 68.9 82.8 90.4 91.0 63.7

Blood alcohol testing (incl. breathalyzer) 37.7 37.9 31.6 45.4 44.7 74.6 19.3

Drug/alcohol urine screening 73.6 76.5 65.1 76.0 85.3 82.8 53.3

Hair analysis 1.7 1.4 2.1 0.9 3.9 2.5 0.7

Hepatitis testing 18.7 17.2 14.5 20.2 38.8 56.6 17.0

HIV testing 30.9 32.3 19.4 36.4 53.9 72.5 18.5

STD testing 21.0 19.8 16.4 23.4 42.4 54.5 21.5

TB screening 36.3 37.2 25.3 44.9 61.2 62.3 31.1

Other 3.1 2.7 3.6 3.3 4.1 4.9 5.2

Health services 67.4 70.9 54.7 73.2 81.6 82.4 65.2

Family planning 6.4 7.0 3.2 8.5 9.0 9.8 17.0

Medical care (incl. physical exams) 26.0 25.9 19.5 25.3 47.1 63.1 25.2

Prenatal care 6.5 7.2 2.4 10.6 9.4 11.5 17.0

Perinatal care 4.7 5.4 1.5 8.1 5.1 7.4 10.4

TB treatment 9.0 8.7 3.6 12.2 23.9 39.3 8.1

Health education 46.7 51.5 30.6 51.9 58.2 71.7 52.6

HIV/AIDS education/counseling/support 51.5 56.6 34.9 60.0 65.3 62.3 45.2

Smoking cessation 20.9 20.0 16.8 20.8 33.3 66.4 23.0

Other 1.8 1.7 1.5 2.4 2.4 3.3 3.0 - - - - - - -

See notes at end of table.

31

Table 3.4

Substance abuse treatment facilities offering specified services, by ownership: October 1, 1998

Total

Ownership

Percent of facilities providing service

Page 1 of 2
 

 

Services Private non-profit Private for-profit Local govt State govt Federal govt Tribal govt

No. of facilities1

 10,551 5,937 2,846 899 490 244 135

 

Continuing care 76.2 77.0 74.1 74.0 69.6 95.1 91.9

Aftercare counseling 71.8 71.2 72.0 70.4 63.7 94.7 91.1

Alumni(ae) groups 22.5 26.2 17.8 17.8 16.1 22.1 10.4

Other 2.2 2.2 1.7 2.7 4.1 1.2 2.2

Transitional services 86.1 90.1 74.2 92.8 90.6 88.1 90.4

Assistance with obtaining social services 42.0 49.1 23.9 52.1 39.6 45.1 47.4

Discharge planning 67.7 73.6 52.0 73.1 78.2 70.5 61.5

Employment counseling/training 29.6 35.3 16.1 29.5 34.7 41.0 28.9

Housing assistance 24.9 30.8 11.1 27.9 24.9 32.8 19.3

Referral to other services 78.7 83.4 65.8 85.7 80.6 81.6 82.2

Other 1.3 1.6 0.6 1.3 1.0 2.0 1.5

Community outreach 73.3 76.7 66.0 76.3 63.1 78.3 86.7

Drug and alcohol education 62.8 65.3 57.3 66.0 52.4 67.2 82.2

Outreach/early intervention 33.7 36.8 23.3 44.0 23.1 48.0 56.3

Media presentations (TV, radio, brochures) 37.1 41.6 28.2 41.5 29.6 32.8 31.9

Membership in a community partnership program 32.3 37.9 18.6 40.7 28.8 30.7 32.6

Other 2.0 2.0 1.8 2.1 1.8 3.3 1.5

Other services 85.5 89.8 74.0 89.1 91.2 87.3 93.3

Academic education/GED classes 14.7 16.9 7.9 11.7 35.7 9.0 18.5

Acupuncture 4.4 4.7 2.8 8.3 4.5 2.0 1.5

Case management services 49.4 55.8 30.6 59.0 56.5 57.8 55.6

Child care 8.6 11.5 2.6 12.7 4.5 1.6 10.4

Communication skills 33.2 34.8 28.7 31.1 38.2 47.1 29.6

Domestic violence--family/partner violence services 30.3 29.7 30.0 31.0 29.0 36.1 51.9

Home visits 20.3 22.4 12.4 29.5 16.5 17.6 56.3

Life skills for independent living 32.3 38.7 18.5 32.5 37.8 27.5 25.9

Outcome follow-up (post-discharge) 33.4 38.0 23.4 30.4 33.3 46.3 37.0

Parenting/family skills development 37.1 40.5 30.1 43.2 32.7 19.3 40.7

Self-help or mutual-help groups 52.2 57.3 36.3 50.7 72.7 67.2 69.6

Socialization/recreational services 31.1 37.9 13.2 29.6 41.6 46.3 51.1

Transportation assistance to treatment 36.2 41.9 20.3 46.5 30.6 38.5 67.4

Other 3.3 3.1 3.5 3.4 2.9 4.1 4.4

Table 3.4

Substance abuse treatment facilities offering specified services, by ownership: October 1, 1998

Total

Ownership

32

Percent of facilities providing service

1

 Facilities that completed the survey by telephone were not asked about these services. 

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.

Page 2 of 2
 

 

 

Services Outpatient Residential

Outpatient 

& 

residential

Community

mental

health

center

Solo or 

group 

practice

General 

hospital 

(incl. VA)

Psychiatric 

or other 

specialized 

hospital

Criminal 

justice

Community

or religious

agency/org

Community

health

center

Multiple/ 

Unknown

No. of facilities2

 10,551 3,181 1,670 286 1,511 929 855 695 546 244 74 560

 

Assessment services 93.7 96.7 83.4 95.1 96.5 95.9 97.1 96.7 91.6 88.9 98.6 90.7

Comprehensive substance abuse 

assessment/diagnosis 91.1 96.1 81.0 94.8 91.7 90.6 92.7 93.7 90.1 87.7 94.6 87.3

Comprehensive mental health 

assessment/diagnosis 44.6 27.0 24.7 25.2 88.1 56.8 67.8 59.4 28.9 31.1 58.1 41.4

Other 2.8 1.9 3.1 1.4 3.8 3.3 3.4 1.9 2.4 4.9 1.4 4.8

Therapy 97.6 98.4 95.9 99.0 97.8 98.8 96.8 98.3 97.1 95.5 93.2 97.0

Family counseling 72.7 70.2 59.5 79.7 86.7 83.6 80.0 80.3 43.2 73.0 73.0 74.5

Group therapy (excl. relapse prevention) 87.3 89.9 88.6 97.2 88.8 64.8 91.2 91.9 90.5 79.1 68.9 87.3

Individual therapy 92.6 93.7 87.0 96.5 96.3 95.9 93.0 93.2 88.1 88.5 90.5 90.7

Pharmacotherapies/prescription 

medication 39.5 27.0 26.3 32.9 74.1 20.1 74.9 63.7 21.2 19.3 43.2 33.0

Relapse prevention groups 70.7 73.8 77.1 89.2 64.5 39.9 75.0 82.9 80.8 55.3 48.6 70.9

Other 7.2 7.0 8.3 6.6 5.8 7.9 7.7 6.8 5.3 7.4 5.4 9.8

Testing 78.9 82.0 92.6 94.8 66.8 39.5 95.0 93.8 84.4 59.4 81.1 69.8

Blood alcohol testing (incl. breathalyzer) 37.7 36.0 36.3 47.6 29.7 14.0 77.8 61.7 30.0 20.9 27.0 33.2

Drug/alcohol urine screening 73.6 78.6 85.3 89.9 59.0 33.7 92.7 90.5 78.9 54.1 62.2 62.9

Hair analysis 1.7 1.8 0.7 1.4 0.7 1.9 2.5 2.7 2.9 0.4 2.7 3.2

Hepatitis testing 18.7 10.9 18.5 23.8 7.3 3.4 61.5 45.2 20.9 3.3 47.3 18.6

HIV testing 30.9 22.4 42.7 46.9 15.6 4.0 68.9 56.7 35.9 17.6 56.8 30.4

STD testing 21.0 13.8 24.0 26.9 8.3 4.0 60.6 47.1 23.4 4.9 54.1 20.4

TB screening 36.3 27.1 51.7 61.5 22.8 4.5 69.8 65.8 38.6 18.4 62.2 33.6

Other 3.1 2.7 3.0 2.4 2.4 3.7 6.0 3.5 2.6 1.2 4.1 3.9

 

See notes at end of table.

Percent of facilities providing service

33

Table 3.5

Substance abuse treatment facilities offering specified services, by organizational setting: October 1, 1998

Organizational setting 1

Total

Specialty substance abuse treatment

Page 1 of 3
 

 

 

Services Outpatient Residential

Outpatient 

& 

residential

Community

mental

health

center

Solo or 

group 

practice

General 

hospital 

(incl. VA)

Psychiatric 

or other 

specialized 

hospital

Criminal 

justice

Community

or religious

agency/org

Community

health

center

Multiple/ 

Unknown

No. of facilities2

 10,551 3,181 1,670 286 1,511 929 855 695 546 244 74 560

 

Health services 67.4 61.6 83.1 86.0 54.7 39.7 86.3 81.6 75.8 66.4 82.4 68.6

Family planning 6.4 4.2 7.7 9.1 4.2 2.7 10.5 8.1 8.1 7.0 45.9 9.5

Medical care (incl. physical exams) 26.0 15.3 38.0 39.5 9.1 4.4 69.7 53.5 27.1 11.5 67.6 23.6

Prenatal care 6.5 3.5 7.4 8.0 3.0 0.9 21.8 8.2 8.2 5.7 45.9 7.3

Perinatal care 4.7 2.8 4.8 3.5 2.4 0.5 17.3 4.9 5.3 3.7 35.1 4.8

TB treatment 9.0 5.2 9.5 7.7 2.9 1.2 32.3 12.9 17.6 2.9 40.5 8.9

Health education 46.7 39.4 62.8 66.1 34.2 15.2 69.9 63.7 51.5 46.3 71.6 51.3

HIV/AIDS education/counseling/support 51.5 47.9 66.8 75.9 42.2 20.9 63.0 58.7 61.0 47.5 71.6 52.1

Smoking cessation 20.9 13.2 23.7 23.1 13.2 23.1 44.8 27.8 23.1 18.4 48.6 22.7

Other 1.8 1.2 1.9 1.4 1.3 1.7 2.7 2.6 2.0 2.0 6.8 2.7

Continuing care 76.2 79.1 70.7 92.7 76.4 72.4 77.8 80.9 70.5 72.1 73.0 72.9

Aftercare counseling 71.8 77.3 56.4 89.5 75.0 71.6 74.5 74.1 66.8 66.4 71.6 69.1

Alumni(ae) groups 22.5 16.1 42.8 40.9 11.6 6.1 28.5 38.8 21.1 17.6 13.5 20.2

Other 2.2 1.7 2.8 2.8 1.7 1.3 2.5 2.9 1.8 2.0 1.4 4.6

Transitional services 86.1 84.2 95.3 96.2 88.0 56.4 92.4 94.5 88.3 84.4 86.5 86.3

Assistance with obtaining social services 42.0 32.2 60.6 52.1 55.9 10.2 52.3 46.2 31.7 46.3 55.4 37.5

Discharge planning 67.7 64.4 82.2 91.6 63.5 28.7 83.4 86.2 75.1 47.1 58.1 63.0

Employment counseling/training 29.6 23.3 49.5 47.6 30.0 11.8 21.3 30.6 36.6 35.7 20.3 29.1

Housing assistance 24.9 17.9 42.0 42.0 30.5 3.1 20.9 30.4 23.6 32.8 33.8 21.8

Referral to other services 78.7 76.5 88.9 90.2 79.8 49.6 85.6 85.9 79.1 79.1 82.4 79.1

Other 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.7 2.1 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9 2.0 1.4 1.8

 

See notes at end of table.

34

Organizational setting 1

Total

Specialty substance abuse treatment

Percent of facilities providing service

Table 3.5

Substance abuse treatment facilities offering specified services, by organizational setting: October 1, 1998

Page 2 of 3
 

 

 

Services Outpatient Residential

Outpatient 

& 

residential

Community

mental

health

center

Solo or 

group 

practice

General 

hospital 

(incl. VA)

Psychiatric 

or other 

specialized 

hospital

Criminal 

justice

Community

or religious

agency/org

Community

health

center

Multiple/ 

Unknown

No. of facilities2

 10,551 3,181 1,670 286 1,511 929 855 695 546 244 74 560

 

Community outreach 73.3 75.7 67.3 85.0 82.5 54.8 78.7 76.1 56.6 82.4 78.4 78.0

Drug and alcohol education 62.8 67.2 52.9 69.9 70.3 47.7 67.3 66.3 46.9 67.6 74.3 69.8

Outreach/early intervention 33.7 37.0 20.8 41.3 48.9 15.2 32.2 33.7 21.1 50.8 59.5 42.1

Media presentations (TV, radio, 

brochures) 37.1 37.6 32.1 53.5 44.6 20.3 46.7 42.9 22.3 40.6 32.4 40.0

Membership in a community partnership 

program 32.3 31.4 31.1 46.9 43.5 11.1 35.6 32.4 26.4 44.7 35.1 33.2

Other 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.3 1.7 2.5 1.3 1.5 1.2 2.7 2.0

Other services 85.5 79.3 95.9 96.9 90.1 66.7 86.1 91.7 89.7 92.6 89.2 87.0

Academic education/GED classes 14.7 6.1 36.8 26.6 6.2 1.5 5.8 23.0 35.9 17.2 6.8 19.8

Acupuncture 4.4 6.5 3.8 4.5 1.9 2.2 5.4 4.3 2.7 4.1 9.5 3.6

Case management services 49.4 42.7 56.9 67.5 68.9 16.5 44.8 55.4 54.9 51.6 66.2 48.6

Child care 8.6 10.5 10.9 18.2 8.1 1.5 4.0 7.2 7.0 16.8 12.2 6.3

Communication skills 33.2 25.0 49.9 46.5 30.2 29.9 28.7 34.0 39.6 32.8 27.0 37.9

Domestic violence--family/partner 

violence services 30.3 24.1 24.4 27.6 43.2 39.8 23.6 26.5 37.4 41.4 43.2 34.8

Home visits 20.3 15.3 16.5 19.9 43.0 10.2 13.0 16.1 15.4 38.1 62.2 24.6

Life skills for independent living 32.3 19.0 64.3 46.9 38.5 10.4 18.9 35.8 41.2 38.5 16.2 30.7

Outcome follow-up (post-discharge) 33.4 27.6 49.2 57.7 32.8 14.5 33.6 39.9 30.8 36.5 29.7 32.9

Parenting/family skills development 37.1 31.9 42.1 43.0 50.5 32.8 22.2 31.5 38.5 52.9 41.9 39.5

Self-help or mutual-help groups 52.2 42.1 80.2 83.6 34.1 18.9 67.0 74.8 68.9 45.9 43.2 50.5

Socialization/recreational services 31.1 18.9 64.6 59.8 25.9 3.4 26.7 43.0 31.7 42.6 25.7 32.7

Transportation assistance to treatment 36.2 27.8 57.6 55.9 40.2 4.5 36.7 47.9 28.8 45.1 48.6 38.6

Other 3.3 3.1 2.9 4.5 2.4 3.9 2.9 2.7 3.8 8.2 2.7 4.8

35

Organizational setting 1

Total

Specialty substance abuse treatment

Percent of facilities providing service

Table 3.5

Substance abuse treatment facilities offering specified services, by organizational setting: October 1, 1998

1

 See Appendix B for a discussion of assignment of organizational setting.

2

 Facilities that completed the survey by telephone were not asked about these services. 

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.

Page 3 of 3
 

 

Total

25% or 

less 26-50% 51-75%

More

than 75% Total

25% or 

less 26-50%

51-

75%

More

than 75%

Total 128,598 83.5 3,112 84 261 598 2,169 100.0 2.7 8.4 19.2 69.7 

Ownership

Private non-profit 80,234 82.4 2,268 52 188 420 1,608 100.0 2.3 8.3 18.5 70.9 

Private for-profit 15,302 80.1 326 15 31 68 212 100.0 4.6 9.5 20.9 65.0 

Local, county, or community government 8,260 89.7 200 10 18 42 130 100.0 5.0 9.0 21.0 65.0 

State government 21,513 88.8 209 3 15 30 161 100.0 1.4 7.2 14.4 77.0 

Federal government 2,425 80.7 70 2 3 21 44 100.0 2.9 4.3 30.0 62.9 

Dept. of Veterans Affairs 1,992 83.6 53 1 2 15 35 100.0 1.9 3.8 28.3 66.0 

Dept. of Defense 153 53.6 4 1 1 1 1 100.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 

Indian Health Service 181 71.8 10 -- -- 4 6 100.0 -- -- 40.0 60.0 

Other 99 80.8 3 -- -- 1 2 100.0 -- -- 33.3 66.7 

Tribal government 864 65.0 39 2 6 17 14 100.0 5.1 15.4 43.6 35.9 

Organizational setting

Specialty substance abuse treatment 68,318 82.2 1,968 40 149 385 1,394 100.0 2.0 7.6 19.6 70.8 

Outpatient 577 66.9 28 2 4 3 19 100.0 7.1 14.3 10.7 67.9 

Residential (incl. halfway house, 

therapeutic community) 56,499 83.0 1,640 28 120 310 1,182 100.0 1.7 7.3 18.9 72.1 

Outpatient & residential 11,242 78.9 300 10 25 72 193 100.0 3.3 8.3 24.0 64.3 

Community mental health center/Other 

mental health facility 4,722 73.1 164 8 28 44 84 100.0 4.9 17.1 26.8 51.2 

Solo or group practice 707 86.0 28 2 3 3 20 100.0 7.1 10.7 10.7 71.4 

General hospital (incl. VA) 2,382 75.1 89 6 14 18 51 100.0 6.7 15.7 20.2 57.3 

Psychiatric or other specialized hospital 8,586 78.8 233 10 25 53 145 100.0 4.3 10.7 22.7 62.2 

Criminal justice 27,872 86.7 326 11 17 44 254 100.0 3.4 5.2 13.5 77.9 

Community or religious agency/org. 3,298 85.0 80 1 6 9 64 100.0 1.3 7.5 11.3 80.0 

Community health center 372 106.5 13 -- 2 3 8 100.0 -- 15.4 23.1 61.5 

Multiple or unknown settings 12,341 91.1 211 6 17 39 149 100.0 2.8 8.1 18.5 70.6 

36

Utilization rate

Number of facilities

Table 3.6

Substance abuse treatment facilities with non-hospital residential beds designated for substance abuse treatment,1 by utilization rate, according to 

ownership and organizational setting: October 1, 1998 

Percent distribution

Ownership and 

organizational setting 2

Overall 

utilization 

rate (%)

Designated 

beds

1

 This table is based on the 3,112 facilities reporting both residential clients and residential capacity (99 percent of the 3,134 facilities that reported residential clients). A change 

in questionnaire wording from "available beds" in 1997 to "designated beds" in 1998 may have affected reporting in 1998.

2

 See Appendix B for a discussion of assignment of organizational setting.

-- Quantity is zero.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.
 

Total

25% or 

less 26-50% 51-75%

More

than 75% Total

25% or 

less 26-50% 51-75%

More

than 75%

Total 24,921 53.9 960 242 226 184 308 100.0 25.2 23.5 19.2 32.1 

Ownership

Private non-profit 11,776 52.0 514 132 136 89 157 100.0 25.7 26.5 17.3 30.5 

Private for-profit 7,531 46.8 249 73 57 52 67 100.0 29.3 22.9 20.9 26.9 

Local, county, or community government 1,703 49.1 89 28 19 17 25 100.0 31.5 21.3 19.1 28.1 

State government 2,943 76.5 59 5 6 15 33 100.0 8.5 10.2 25.4 55.9 

Federal government 968 70.1 49 4 8 11 26 100.0 8.2 16.3 22.4 53.1 

Dept. of Veterans Affairs 853 69.9 38 3 5 9 21 100.0 7.9 13.2 23.7 55.3 

Dept. of Defense 63 79.4 5 -- 2 1 2 100.0 -- 40.0 20.0 40.0 

Indian Health Service 29 103.4 4 -- -- 1 3 100.0 -- -- 25.0 75.0 

Other 23 -- 2 1 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Tribal government

Organizational setting

Specialty substance abuse treatment 504 69.6 23 1 6 8 8 100.0 4.3 26.1 34.8 34.8 

Outpatient 141 48.9 9 1 2 3 3 100.0 11.1 22.2 33.3 33.3 

Residential (incl. halfway house, 

therapeutic community) 305 82.6 9 -- 1 3 5 100.0 -- 11.1 33.3 55.6 

Outpatient & residential 58 51.7 5 -- 3 2 -- 100.0 -- 60.0 40.0 -- 

Community mental health center/Other 

mental health facility 483 32.1 28 13 7 3 5 100.0 46.4 25.0 10.7 17.9 

Solo or group practice 118 45.8 3 1 -- 1 1 100.0 33.3 -- 33.3 33.3 

General hospital (incl. VA) 9,740 48.0 476 119 126 86 145 100.0 25.0 26.5 18.1 30.5 

Psychiatric or other specialized hospital 10,215 57.7 287 73 59 64 91 100.0 25.4 20.6 22.3 31.7 

Criminal justice 220 36.8 6 2 -- 1 3 100.0 33.3 -- 16.7 50.0 

Community or religious agency/org. 30 100.0 1 -- -- -- 1 100.0 -- -- -- 100.0 

Community health center -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Multiple or unknown settings 3,634 59.9 136 33 28 21 54 100.0 24.3 20.6 15.4 39.7 

37

Utilization rate

Number of facilities

Table 3.7

Substance abuse treatment facilities with hospital inpatient beds designated for substance abuse treatment,1 by utilization rate, according to 

ownership and organizational setting: October 1, 1998 

Percent distribution

Ownership and 

organizational setting 2

Overall 

utilization 

rate (%)

Designated 

beds

1

 This table is based on the 960 facilities reporting both hospital inpatient clients and hospital inpatient capacity (95 percent of the 1,013 facilities that reported hospital inpatient 

clients). A change in questionnaire wording from "available beds" in 1997 to "designated beds" in 1998 may have affected reporting in 1998.

2

 See Appendix B for a discussion of assignment of organizational setting.

-- Quantity is zero.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Total

Client 

payments

Private 

health 

insurance

MedicaidMedicareFederal 

govt

State 

govt 3

Local 

govt

Other 

public 

revenue

Other 

revenue/ 

Unk 4

Total 13,455 $6,757 83.5 $5,911 100.0 10.8 15.0 16.4 3.1 6.7 32.8 6.7 3.7 4.8 

Ownership

Private non-profit 7,489 $4,009 88.4 $3,662 100.0 10.2 14.9 18.5 2.6 4.1 33.6 6.7 3.5 6.0 

Private for-profit 3,775 $1,383 73.0 $1,026 100.0 21.5 29.9 16.7 7.9 1.9 13.1 4.5 1.9 2.6 

Local government 1,105 $635 91.5 $591 100.0 6.6 4.4 14.9 1.0 6.0 45.8 15.6 2.9 2.9 

State government 589 $469 82.0 $429 100.0 2.0 1.3 6.8 0.4 6.0 68.4 2.1 12.0 0.8 

Federal government 317 $200 66.9 $149 100.0 0.3 1.5 0.7 0.0 94.6 1.8 -- 0.3 0.7 

Dept. of Veterans Affairs 149 $150 63.8 $119 100.0 0.3 1.6 -- -- 97.4 0.1 -- -- 0.6 

Dept. of Defense 128 $30 67.2 $13 100.0 0.0 0.4 0.1 -- 98.2 0.4 -- 0.1 0.7 

Indian Health Service 30 $14 80.0 $13 100.0 0.4 2.2 7.3 0.0 79.0 5.6 -- 3.5 2.0 

Other 10 $5 70.0 $4 100.0 0.3 0.3 1.8 0.1 50.8 45.7 -- 0.2 0.7 

Tribal government 180 $63 84.4 $54 100.0 0.7 0.7 1.9 0.0 43.1 12.3 5.9 9.2 26.2 

Organizational setting

Specialty substance abuse treatment 5,949 $3,026 89.0 $2,771 100.0 11.5 10.2 16.6 0.4 6.3 38.0 8.3 3.5 5.2 

Outpatient 3,720 $1,385 87.5 $1,207 100.0 15.5 10.3 24.1 0.7 6.0 32.7 6.0 2.2 2.5 

therapeutic community) 1,875 $1,267 91.4 $1,202 100.0 8.7 9.5 11.1 0.1 6.6 42.4 9.8 5.1 6.7 

Outpatient & residential 354 $374 91.2 $362 100.0 7.8 12.4 9.6 0.2 5.8 41.4 11.1 2.3 9.2 

mental health facility 2,004 $594 88.1 $523 100.0 11.5 8.8 13.3 0.9 6.3 45.1 7.2 3.6 3.3 

Solo or group practice 1,395 $191 71.8 $68 100.0 37.9 29.5 13.6 1.9 1.4 10.6 1.1 0.8 3.3 

General hospital (incl. VA) 1,074 $935 73.2 $788 100.0 7.9 26.6 32.1 9.9 12.2 7.4 1.1 0.5 2.2 

Psychiatric or other specialized hospital 802 $873 72.4 $772 100.0 10.7 30.0 10.6 9.2 4.7 24.0 3.5 2.8 4.4 

Criminal justice 807 $488 84.5 $442 100.0 6.5 2.3 4.9 0.3 4.3 53.6 9.5 13.7 4.9 

Community or religious agency/org. 338 $90 88.5 $78 100.0 6.3 3.5 7.9 0.1 5.5 32.4 11.2 3.9 29.2 

Community health center 108 $29 89.8 $25 100.0 7.3 2.6 16.6 1.4 18.8 38.0 9.4 2.1 3.8 

Multiple or unknown settings 978 $531 74.8 $443 100.0 12.4 18.6 14.2 4.0 6.4 28.1 8.5 3.2 4.6 

Estimated 1 

total 

revenue - 

imputed

(millions)

No. of 

facilities

38

Table 3.8

Annual facility revenue and revenue source by ownership and organizational setting: October 1, 1998

Reported revenue 1

Percent of 

all facilities 

reporting 

revenue

Total 

revenue - 

reported

(millions)

Revenue source

Ownership and 

organizational setting 2 Percent distribution

1 11,238 (84% of 13,455 facilities) reported revenue and revenue source data. Total revenue, but not revenue source, was imputed for the remaining 2,217 facilities (Appendix C). 

2

 See Appendix B for a discussion of organizational setting.

3

 Includes Federal block grant funds.

4

 Includes revenue from charities, donations, fund-raising events, etc., and revenue from unknown sources.

-- Quantity is zero.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.
39

CHAPTER 4

CLIENT CHARACTERISTICS

T

his chapter describes key characteristics of

clients in substance abuse treatment on

October 1, 1998. Clients in treatment are defined as: 1) hospital inpatient and residential

clientsreceiving treatment (and not discharged)

on the reference date, and 2) outpatient clients

enrolled on the reference date who received a

substance abuse treatment service during the

prior month. Also used in these tables are the

two facility descriptors, ownership and organizationalsetting. Ownership indicatesthe type of

entity responsible for the operation of the facility: private for-profit, private non-profit, or

government (Federal, State, local, or tribal).

Organizational setting indicates the setting

within which services are delivered and, forsettings specializing in substance abuse treatment,

the general type of care offered.1

Clients byFacility Ownership and Organizational Setting 

Table 4.1a. Over half (54 percent) of all clients

in treatment on October 1, 1998, were in private

non-profit facilities. Private for-profit facilities

accounted for 24 percent of clients. Facilities

owned by Federal, State, or local governments

accounted for 21 percent of all clients; about

half of these clients were in local government

facilities. 

Table 4.1b. Specialty substance abuse treatment

facilities treated the largest proportion of clients, 47 percent, the great majority of these

being outpatient clients. CMHCs and other

mental health facilities treated 15 percent, and

general hospitals, 9 percent.

Clients by Type of Care 

Tables 4.2a and 4.2b. The 1998 UFDS survey

requested data on clients in treatment on October 1, 1998 who received:

! Outpatient treatmentservices (non-intensive

outpatient care, intensive outpatient care,

and outpatient detoxification)

! Residential treatment (rehabilitation and

detoxification)

! Hospital inpatient treatment (rehabilitation

and detoxification)

Most clients (88 percent) were enrolled in one

of three types of outpatient care: non-intensive

outpatient care (66 percent), intensive outpatient

(19 percent), or outpatient detoxification (3

percent). Ten percent of clients were in residential rehabilitation. The three remaining categories (residential detoxification, hospital inpatient

rehabilitation, and hospital inpatient detoxification) each accounted for less than 1 percent

of all clients. 

General and psychiatric/specialized hospitals

were the organizationalsettings with the highest

proportions of hospital inpatient clients (6 and

10 percent,respectively). However,most clients

in these settings were outpatients, enrolled in

outpatient treatment programs within hospital

organizations.

1

 The 1998 UFDS questionnaire permitted some facilities

to indicate more than one setting. For this report, each

facilitywas assigned to a single organizationalsetting (see

Appendix B for details).
40

Clients by Substance of Abuse 

Table 4.3. On October 1, 1998, half of all clients were in treatment for abuse of both drugs

and alcohol. About one-quarter of clients were

in treatment for drug abuse alone, and onequarter for alcohol abuse alone.

Clients in treatment in facilities owned by tribal

and State governments exhibited a higher proportion of both alcohol and drug abuse (63 and

58 percent respectively). Facilities operated by

the Department of Defense had a high proportion of clients (73 percent) who abused alcohol

alone. 

Clients in community or religious agencies,

residential facilities, mixed outpatient/residential facilities, criminal justice settings, and

community health centers were more likely to

have both alcohol and drug problems (64, 64,

59, 58, and 58 percent, respectively).

Client Demographics 

Table 4.4. More than two-thirds of clients in

substance abuse treatment on October 1, 1998

were male. Fifty-eight percent were white, 24

percent were black or African-American, and 14

percent were Hispanic. Most clients (56 percent)

were between 25 and 44 years of age.

Only 26 percent of clients in residential and

hospital inpatient treatment were female, although females comprised 31 percent of the

total treatment population. 

Clients Receiving Opioid Substitutes 

Table 4.5. Facilities were asked whether they

dispensed the opioid substitutes methadone and

LAAM and, if so, how many clients received

them. Six percent of all facilities(811 facilities)

reported dispensing opioid substitutes. Almost

half (46 percent) of all facilities dispensing

opioid substitutes were private non-profit.

Another 37 percent were private for-profit.

Overall, 149,030 clientsin treatment (14 percent

of all clients) were reported to be receiving

either methadone or LAAM. Methadone predominated; it was given to 98 percent of clients

receiving opioid substitutes. Slightly less than

half (48 percent) of clients receiving opioid

substitutes were treated at private non-profit

facilities; 38 percent were treated at private forprofit facilities.

Opioid substitutes were most commonly dispensed in outpatient specialty substance abuse

treatment facilities, which treated 71 percent of

opioid substitute clients. General hospitals

treated 10 percent of the opioid substitute clients.

Facilities dispensing opioid substitutes tend to

specialize in this form of treatment. Overall, 77

percent of clients treated in facilities that dispense opioid substitutes received them. In

private non-profit facilities dispensing opioid

substitutes, 78 percent of all clients received

them. In private for-profit facilities dispensing

opioid substitutes, 93 percent of all clients

received them.
Total

Private

nonprofit

Private

forprofitLocal

govt

State

govt

Federal

govt

Tribal

govt Total

Private

nonprofit

Private

forprofitLocal

govt

State

govt

Federal

govt

Tribal

govt

Organizational setting 1

Total 1,038,378 556,191 252,369 115,774 62,771 41,627 9,646 100.0 53.6 24.3 11.1 6.0 4.0 0.9 

Specialty substance abuse treatment 486,424 282,678 129,708 42,287 21,371 5,626 4,754 100.0 58.1 26.7 8.7 4.4 1.2 1.0 

Outpatient 388,368 207,580 120,722 36,258 16,000 4,780 3,028 100.0 53.4 31.1 9.3 4.1 1.2 0.8 

Residential (incl. halfway house, therapeutic 

community) 59,289 45,554 7,388 2,224 3,476 262 385 100.0 76.8 12.5 3.8 5.9 0.4 0.6 

Outpatient & residential 38,767 29,544 1,598 3,805 1,895 584 1,341 100.0 76.2 4.1 9.8 4.9 1.5 3.5 

Community mental health center/Other mental 

health facility 154,459 91,064 13,797 39,122 7,899 1,042 1,535 100.0 59.0 8.9 25.3 5.1 0.7 1.0 

Solo or group practice 48,640 3,662 44,762 157 -- -- 59 100.0 7.5 92.0 0.3 -- -- 0.1 

General hospital (incl. VA) 89,810 51,994 5,402 6,441 961 24,962 50 100.0 57.9 6.0 7.2 1.1 27.8 0.1 

Psychiatric or other specialized hospital 63,654 31,031 19,420 3,502 5,968 3,130 603 100.0 48.7 30.5 5.5 9.4 4.9 0.9 

Criminal justice 81,950 37,347 12,852 10,007 20,421 37 1,286 100.0 45.6 15.7 12.2 24.9 0.0 1.6 

Community or religious agency/organization 17,478 16,206 621 578 -- -- 73 100.0 92.7 3.6 3.3 -- -- 0.4 

Community health center 6,999 4,006 91 2,430 42 130 300 100.0 57.2 1.3 34.7 0.6 1.9 4.3 

Multiple or unknown settings 88,964 38,203 25,716 11,250 6,109 6,700 986 100.0 42.9 28.9 12.6 6.9 7.5 1.1 

41

Table 4.1a

Substance abuse treatment clients by facility ownership, according to organizational setting: October 1, 1998 

Percent distribution

Ownership

Number of clients

1

 See Appendix B for a discussion of assignment of organizational setting.

-- Quantity is zero.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.
Total

Private

nonprofit

Private

forprofitLocal

govt

State

govt

Federal

govt

Tribal

govt Total

Private

nonprofit

Private

forprofitLocal

govt

State

govt

Federal

govt

Tribal

govt

Organizational setting 1

Total 1,038,378 556,191 252,369 115,774 62,771 41,627 9,646 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Specialty substance abuse treatment 486,424 282,678 129,708 42,287 21,371 5,626 4,754 46.8 50.8 51.4 36.5 34.0 13.5 49.3 

Outpatient 388,368 207,580 120,722 36,258 16,000 4,780 3,028 37.4 37.3 47.8 31.3 25.5 11.5 31.4 

Residential (incl. halfway house, 

therapeutic community) 59,289 45,554 7,388 2,224 3,476 262 385 5.7 8.2 2.9 1.9 5.5 0.6 4.0 

Outpatient & residential 38,767 29,544 1,598 3,805 1,895 584 1,341 3.7 5.3 0.6 3.3 3.0 1.4 13.9 

Community mental health center/Other 

mental health facility 154,459 91,064 13,797 39,122 7,899 1,042 1,535 14.9 16.4 5.5 33.8 12.6 2.5 15.9 

Solo or group practice 48,640 3,662 44,762 157 -- -- 59 4.7 0.7 17.7 0.1 -- -- 0.6 

General hospital (incl. VA) 89,810 51,994 5,402 6,441 961 24,962 50 8.6 9.3 2.1 5.6 1.5 60.0 0.5 

Psychiatric or other specialized hospital 63,654 31,031 19,420 3,502 5,968 3,130 603 6.1 5.6 7.7 3.0 9.5 7.5 6.3 

Criminal justice 81,950 37,347 12,852 10,007 20,421 37 1,286 7.9 6.7 5.1 8.6 32.5 0.1 13.3 

Community or religious agency/organization 17,478 16,206 621 578 -- -- 73 1.7 2.9 0.2 0.5 -- -- 0.8 

Community health center 6,999 4,006 91 2,430 42 130 300 0.7 0.7 0.0 2.1 0.1 0.3 3.1 

Multiple or unknown settings 88,964 38,203 25,716 11,250 6,109 6,700 986 8.6 6.9 10.2 9.7 9.7 16.1 10.2 

42

Table 4.1b

Substance abuse treatment clients by organizational setting, according to facility ownership: October 1, 1998 

Percent distribution

Ownership

Number of clients

1

 See Appendix B for a discussion of assignment of organizational setting.

-- Quantity is zero.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.
 

 

Total

NonintensiveIntensive Detox Rehab Detox Rehab Detox TotalNonintensiveIntensive Detox Rehab Detox Rehab Detox

Total 1,038,378 686,730 198,355 30,713 100,325 7,636 8,302 6,317 100.0 66.1 19.1 3.0 9.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 

Ownership

Private non-profit 556,191 370,718 98,536 13,715 61,586 4,838 3,497 3,301 100.0 66.7 17.7 2.5 11.1 0.9 0.6 0.6 

Private for-profit 252,369 170,407 54,399 11,520 11,770 637 1,875 1,761 100.0 67.5 21.6 4.6 4.7 0.3 0.7 0.7 

Local, county, or community govt 115,774 85,169 19,152 2,977 5,844 1,657 462 513 100.0 73.6 16.5 2.6 5.0 1.4 0.4 0.4 

State government 62,771 28,903 11,648 770 18,680 429 2,031 310 100.0 46.0 18.6 1.2 29.8 0.7 3.2 0.5 

Federal government 41,627 26,404 10,815 1,581 1,916 42 437 432 100.0 63.4 26.0 3.8 4.6 0.1 1.0 1.0 

Dept. of Veterans Affairs 33,518 20,989 8,769 1,316 1,624 42 373 405 100.0 62.6 26.2 3.9 4.8 0.1 1.1 1.2 

Dept. of Defense 6,922 4,644 1,887 253 82 -- 47 9 100.0 67.1 27.3 3.7 1.2 -- 0.7 0.1 

Indian Health Service 873 616 83 12 130 -- 17 15 100.0 70.6 9.5 1.4 14.9 -- 1.9 1.7 

Other 314 155 76 -- 80 -- -- 3 100.0 49.4 24.2 -- 25.5 -- -- 1.0 

Tribal government 9,646 5,129 3,805 150 529 33 -- -- 100.0 53.2 39.4 1.6 5.5 0.3 -- -- 

Organizational setting

Specialty substance abuse treatment 486,424 334,736 78,620 16,421 52,361 3,863 320 103 100.0 68.8 16.2 3.4 10.8 0.8 0.1 0.0 

Outpatient 388,368 304,807 67,597 15,491 295 91 31 56 100.0 78.5 17.4 4.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 

Residential (incl. halfway house, 

therapeutic community) 59,289 8,638 3,173 228 43,906 3,038 267 39 100.0 14.6 5.4 0.4 74.1 5.1 0.5 0.1 

Outpatient & residential 38,767 21,291 7,850 702 8,160 734 22 8 100.0 54.9 20.2 1.8 21.0 1.9 0.1 0.0 

Community mental health center/Other 

mental health facility 154,459 124,058 24,980 1,645 2,935 676 78 87 100.0 80.3 16.2 1.1 1.9 0.4 0.1 0.1 

Solo or group practice 48,640 37,268 8,691 2,015 527 85 18 36 100.0 76.6 17.9 4.1 1.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 

General hospital (incl. VA) 89,810 54,572 24,052 4,075 1,689 99 2,117 3,206 100.0 60.8 26.8 4.5 1.9 0.1 2.4 3.6 

Psychiatric or other specialized hospital 63,654 28,361 20,066 2,136 6,189 622 4,206 2,074 100.0 44.6 31.5 3.4 9.7 1.0 6.6 3.3 

Criminal justice 81,950 41,012 15,664 928 23,718 544 48 36 100.0 50.0 19.1 1.1 28.9 0.7 0.1 0.0 

Community or religious agency/org. 17,478 10,764 3,579 302 2,568 235 -- 30 100.0 61.6 20.5 1.7 14.7 1.3 -- 0.2 

Community health center 6,999 5,523 1,000 80 368 28 -- -- 100.0 78.9 14.3 1.1 5.3 0.4 -- -- 

Multiple or unknown settings 88,964 50,436 21,703 3,111 9,970 1,484 1,515 745 100.0 56.7 24.4 3.5 11.2 1.7 1.7 0.8 

Ownership and

organizational setting 1

Outpatient

43

Residential

Table 4.2a

Substance abuse treatment clients by type of care, according to facility ownership and organizational setting: October 1, 1998 

Hosp. inpatient

Type of care

Number of clients Percent distribution

Residential Hosp. inpatient Outpatient

1

 See Appendix B for a discussion of assignment of organizational setting.

-- Quantity is zero.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.
 

 

Total

NonintensiveIntensive Detox Rehab Detox Rehab Detox TotalNonintensiveIntensive Detox Rehab Detox Rehab Detox

Total 1,038,378 686,730 198,355 30,713 100,325 7,636 8,302 6,317 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Ownership

Private non-profit 556,191 370,718 98,536 13,715 61,586 4,838 3,497 3,301 53.6 54.0 49.7 47.7 61.4 63.4 42.1 52.3 

Private for-profit 252,369 170,407 54,399 11,520 11,770 637 1,875 1,761 24.3 24.8 27.4 27.9 11.7 8.3 22.6 27.9 

Local, county, or community govt 115,774 85,169 19,152 2,977 5,844 1,657 462 513 11.1 12.4 9.7 8.7 5.8 21.7 5.6 8.1 

State government 62,771 28,903 11,648 770 18,680 429 2,031 310 6.0 4.2 5.9 5.9 18.6 5.6 24.5 4.9 

Federal government 41,627 26,404 10,815 1,581 1,916 42 437 432 4.0 3.8 5.5 5.0 1.9 0.6 5.3 6.8 

Dept. of Veterans Affairs 33,518 20,989 8,769 1,316 1,624 42 373 405 3.2 3.1 4.4 3.9 1.6 0.6 4.5 6.4 

Dept. of Defense 6,922 4,644 1,887 253 82 -- 47 9 0.7 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.1 -- 0.6 0.1 

Indian Health Service 873 616 83 12 130 -- 17 15 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 -- 0.2 0.2 

Other 314 155 76 -- 80 -- -- 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 -- -- 0.0 

Tribal government 9,646 5,129 3,805 150 529 33 -- -- 0.9 0.7 1.9 4.8 0.5 0.4 -- -- 

Organizational setting

Specialty substance abuse treatment 486,424 334,736 78,620 16,421 52,361 3,863 320 103 46.8 48.7 39.6 21.2 52.2 50.6 3.9 1.6 

Outpatient 388,368 304,807 67,597 15,491 295 91 31 56 37.4 44.4 34.1 16.1 0.3 1.2 0.4 0.9 

Residential (incl. halfway house, 

therapeutic community) 59,289 8,638 3,173 228 43,906 3,038 267 39 5.7 1.3 1.6 0.5 43.8 39.8 3.2 0.6 

Outpatient & residential 38,767 21,291 7,850 702 8,160 734 22 8 3.7 3.1 4.0 4.7 8.1 9.6 0.3 0.1 

Community mental health center/Other 

mental health facility 154,459 124,058 24,980 1,645 2,935 676 78 87 14.9 18.1 12.6 11.6 2.9 8.9 0.9 1.4 

Solo or group practice 48,640 37,268 8,691 2,015 527 85 18 36 4.7 5.4 4.4 3.7 0.5 1.1 0.2 0.6 

General hospital (incl. VA) 89,810 54,572 24,052 4,075 1,689 99 2,117 3,206 8.6 7.9 12.1 8.7 1.7 1.3 25.5 50.8 

Psychiatric or other specialized hospital 63,654 28,361 20,066 2,136 6,189 622 4,206 2,074 6.1 4.1 10.1 5.1 6.2 8.1 50.7 32.8 

Criminal justice 81,950 41,012 15,664 928 23,718 544 48 36 7.9 6.0 7.9 3.7 23.6 7.1 0.6 0.6 

Community or religious agency/org. 17,478 10,764 3,579 302 2,568 235 -- 30 1.7 1.6 1.8 2.7 2.6 3.1 -- 0.5 

Community health center 6,999 5,523 1,000 80 368 28 -- -- 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.4 -- -- 

Multiple or unknown settings 88,964 50,436 21,703 3,111 9,970 1,484 1,515 745 8.6 7.3 10.9 2.4 9.9 19.4 18.2 11.8 

Outpatient Residential Hosp. inpatient Outpatient

Ownership and

organizational setting 1

44

Number of clients Percent distribution

Residential

Table 4.2b

Substance abuse treatment clients by facility ownership and organizational setting, according to type of care: October 1, 1998 

Hosp. inpatient

Type of care

1

 See Appendix B for a discussion of assignment of organizational setting.

-- Quantity is zero.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.
 

Total

Both alcohol

and drug

abuse

Drug

abuse

only

Alcohol

abuse

only Total

Both alcohol

 and drug

abuse

Drug

abuse

only

Alcohol

abuse

only

Total 1,038,378 512,675 278,976 246,727 100.0 49.4 26.9 23.8

Ownership

Private non-profit 556,191 286,689 145,765 123,737 100.0 51.5 26.2 22.2

Private for-profit 252,369 109,305 80,068 62,996 100.0 43.3 31.7 25.0

Local, county, or community government 115,774 55,586 30,557 29,631 100.0 48.0 26.4 25.6

State government 62,771 36,455 15,340 10,976 100.0 58.1 24.4 17.5

Federal government 41,627 18,537 6,573 16,517 100.0 44.5 15.8 39.7

Dept. of Veterans Affairs 33,518 16,694 5,910 10,914 100.0 49.8 17.6 32.6

Dept. of Defense 6,922 1,293 594 5,035 100.0 18.7 8.6 72.7

Indian Health Service 873 410 38 425 100.0 47.0 4.4 48.7

Other 314 140 31 143 100.0 44.6 9.9 45.5

Tribal government 9,646 6,103 673 2,870 100.0 63.3 7.0 29.8

Organizational setting

Specialty substance abuse treatment 486,424 218,195 164,241 103,988 100.0 44.9 33.8 21.4

Outpatient 388,368 157,438 143,784 87,146 100.0 40.5 37.0 22.4

Residential (incl. halfway house, therapeutic community) 59,289 37,768 12,596 8,925 100.0 63.7 21.2 15.1

Outpatient & residential 38,767 22,989 7,861 7,917 100.0 59.3 20.3 20.4

Community mental health center/Other mental health facility 154,459 78,355 30,457 45,647 100.0 50.7 19.7 29.6

Solo or group practice 48,640 24,961 7,567 16,112 100.0 51.3 15.6 33.1

General hospital (incl. VA) 89,810 43,741 20,527 25,542 100.0 48.7 22.9 28.4

Psychiatric or other specialized hospital 63,654 33,822 15,377 14,455 100.0 53.1 24.2 22.7

Criminal justice 81,950 47,400 19,191 15,359 100.0 57.8 23.4 18.7

Community or religious agency/organization 17,478 11,173 2,998 3,307 100.0 63.9 17.2 18.9

Community health center 6,999 4,053 1,214 1,732 100.0 57.9 17.3 24.7

Multiple or unknown settings 88,964 50,977 17,404 20,583 100.0 57.3 19.6 23.1

45

Substance of abuse

Number of clients 2

Table 4.3

Substance abuse treatment clients by substance of abuse, according to facility ownership and organizational setting: October 1, 1998 

Percent distribution 2

Ownership and

organizational setting 1

1 See Appendix B for a discussion of assignment of organizational setting.

2 Changes in the distribution from figures reported in earlier publications may be because the questionnaire response order was changed in 1998.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.
 

 

Total 

Hospital 

inpatient

Residential

(24-hour

care) Outpatient Total 

Hospital 

inpatient

Residential

(24-hour

care) Outpatient

Total 1,038,378 14,619 107,961 915,798 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Sex

Male 715,479 10,762 80,391 624,326 68.9 73.6 74.5 68.2

Female 322,899 3,857 27,570 291,472 31.1 26.4 25.5 31.8

Race/ethnicity

White 605,793 9,039 50,803 545,951 58.3 61.8 47.1 59.6

Black or African-American 247,840 3,842 37,334 206,664 23.9 26.3 34.6 22.6

Hispanic 140,499 1,284 15,343 123,872 13.5 8.8 14.2 13.5

Asian or Pacific Islander 9,300 50 687 8,563 0.9 0.3 0.6 0.9

American Indian or Alaska Native 26,724 346 3,017 23,361 2.6 2.4 2.8 2.6

Other 8,222 58 777 7,387 0.8 0.4 0.7 0.8

Age group

Under 18 years 100,322 2,094 11,748 86,480 9.7 14.3 10.9 9.4

18 to 20 years 68,677 626 7,085 60,966 6.6 4.3 6.6 6.7

21 to 24 years 114,309 1,254 12,901 100,154 11.0 8.6 11.9 10.9

25 to 34 years 282,467 3,603 34,563 244,301 27.2 24.6 32.0 26.7

35 to 44 years 293,561 4,247 29,974 259,340 28.3 29.1 27.8 28.3

45 to 64 years 162,795 2,370 11,080 149,345 15.7 16.2 10.3 16.3

65 years & over 16,247 425 610 15,212 1.6 2.9 0.6 1.7

46

Table 4.4

Substance abuse treatment clients by sex, race/ethnicity, and age group, according to type of care: October 1, 1998 

Number of clients Percent distribution

Type of care

Sex, race/ethnicity,

and age group

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, 

October 1, 1998.
Ownership and 

organizational setting 1Total Methadone LAAM Total Methadone LAAM

Total 811 100.0 192,739 77.3 149,030 145,610 3,420 100.0 100.0 100.0 

Ownership

Private non-profit 370 45.6 92,827 77.7 72,117 70,975 1,142 48.4 48.7 33.4 

Private for-profit 303 37.4 60,685 92.8 56,328 55,135 1,193 37.8 37.9 34.9 

Local, county, or community govt 87 10.7 19,631 69.7 13,675 13,317 358 9.2 9.1 10.5 

State government 24 3.0 6,081 55.8 3,396 3,358 38 2.3 2.3 1.1 

Federal government 27 3.3 13,515 26.0 3,514 2,825 689 2.4 1.9 20.1 

Dept. of Veterans Affairs 27 3.3 13,515 26.0 3,514 2,825 689 2.4 1.9 20.1 

Dept. of Defense -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Indian Health Service -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Other -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Tribal government -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Organizational setting

Specialty substance abuse treatment 507 62.5 121,722 88.4 107,602 105,530 2,072 72.2 72.5 60.6 

Outpatient 459 56.6 115,374 92.0 106,158 104,107 2,051 71.2 71.5 60.0 

Residential (incl. halfway house, therapeutic community) 36 4.4 2,077 18.1 376 376 -- 0.3 0.3 -- 

Outpatient & residential 12 1.5 4,271 25.0 1,068 1,047 21 0.7 0.7 0.6 

Community mental health center/Other mental health facility 35 4.3 13,489 38.6 5,203 5,036 167 3.5 3.5 4.9 

Solo or group practice 25 3.1 4,195 92.0 3,859 3,754 105 2.6 2.6 3.1 

General hospital (incl. VA) 125 15.4 24,489 60.0 14,689 13,962 727 9.9 9.6 21.3 

Psychiatric or other specialized hospital 55 6.8 8,481 70.1 5,949 5,818 131 4.0 4.0 3.8 

Criminal justice 20 2.5 7,291 71.6 5,224 5,122 102 3.5 3.5 3.0 

Community or religious agency/organization 3 0.4 163 89.6 146 146 -- 0.1 0.1 -- 

Community health center 4 0.5 570 90.4 515 515 -- 0.3 0.4 -- 

Multiple or unknown settings 37 4.6 12,339 47.4 5,843 5,727 116 3.9 3.9 3.4 

Number

of

clients

47

Table 4.5

Substance abuse treatment clients receiving opioid substitutes, by facility ownership and organizational setting: October 1, 1998 

Clients 

receiving opioid substitutes (methadone or LAAM)

Number Percent distribution

Facilities 

dispensing opioid substitutes

Percent 

receiving 

opioid 

substitutes

Number

of

facilities Percent

1

 See Appendix B for a discussion of assignment of organizational setting.

-- Quantity is zero.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.
48
49

CHAPTER 5

STATE DATA

T

his chapter presents facility and client data

by State or jurisdiction. Facilities operated

by Federal agencies are included in the States in

which the facilities are located, although these

facilities may have clients from other States.

These tables are presented for reference only.

Care should be taken in drawing any conclusions about differences between States. As

discussed in Chapter 1, States differ in their

systems of licensure/certification and disbursement of public funds. These factors affect the

scope of facilities included in UFDS for each

State, and it may create artifactual differences

among States. Also, no adjustments were made

for survey non-response. In smaller States

especially, non-participation of even one or two

large facilities can affect findings.

Table 5.1 details the 1998 UFDS survey response rate. Table 5.2 summarizes the numbers

of treatment facilities and clients by State or

jurisdiction. Table 5.3 presents,forthe 50 States

and the District of Columbia, the number of

clientsin treatment by substance abuse problem

and the number in treatment per 100,000 population (aged 12 and over). Tables 5.4-5.11

provide State-level detail on tables presented in

earlier chapters and will not be discussed.

Survey Response 

Table 5.1. For the United States, the overall

response rate was 90 percent, ranging from 81

percent for Georgia to 100 percent for North

Dakota. PuertoRico, the largest ofthe non-State

jurisdictionssurveyed, had a response rate of 89

percent.

Facilities and Clients

Table 5.2. About half of all clients in treatment

were located in eight States. California had the

largest number of clients, with 12 percent. New

York ranked second, with 11 percent of clients.

Following in order by number of clients were

Michigan, Texas, Illinois, Florida, Massachusetts, and Ohio.

Clients in Treatment per 100,000 Population

Table 5.3. For the United States, there were 462

clientsin treatment per 100,000 population aged

12 and over on October 1, 1998. Figure 6 maps

the rates of clients in treatment by State, and

indicates that States in the Northeast and West

had the highest rates of clients in treatment.

The rate was highest for persons with both

alcohol and drug problems (229 per 100,000),

followed by drug abuse only (123 per 100,000)

and alcohol abuse only (110 per 100,000).

While these rates can suggest the extent of the

underlying substance abuse problem, they also

reflect the level of resources available for treatment and should be interpreted with caution.
750 +

600 - 749

450 - 599

300 - 449

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies,

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration,

Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998

245 - 299

50

Figure 6

Clients in treatment per 100,000 population aged 12 and over, by State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998
 

State or jurisdiction 1 Mail Telephone

Split 

response 2

All facilities 21,825 2,651 19,174 10,376 4,618 1,343 425 559 1,853 90.3

Alabama 190 20 170 82 36 15 4 5 28 83.5

Alaska 119 10 109 64 29 4 2 -- 10 90.8

American Samoa 1 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- n/a

Arizona 317 33 284 143 59 24 8 19 31 89.1

Arkansas 110 8 102 53 25 13 -- 3 8 92.2

California 2,255 281 1,974 1,238 430 53 19 39 195 90.1

Colorado 318 35 283 152 60 20 12 13 26 90.8

Connecticut 404 53 351 190 63 31 6 6 55 84.3

Delaware 80 11 69 37 21 3 2 1 5 92.8

District of Columbia 95 11 84 32 36 4 3 1 8 90.5

Fed. of Micronesia 6 2 4 2 -- -- -- -- 2 50.0

Florida 1,218 201 1,017 470 309 61 7 29 141 86.1

Georgia 389 56 333 156 70 19 10 16 62 81.4

Guam 1 -- 1 1 -- -- -- -- -- 100.0

Hawaii 130 18 112 61 32 7 -- 3 9 92.0

Idaho 103 20 83 47 14 3 1 11 7 91.6

Illinois 932 114 818 430 210 86 12 13 67 91.8

Indiana 505 101 404 219 51 77 7 9 41 89.9

Iowa 225 23 202 81 44 36 31 3 7 96.5

Kansas 293 28 265 141 64 9 4 10 37 86.0

Kentucky 432 47 385 199 76 29 1 42 38 90.1

Louisiana 287 26 261 135 90 7 3 6 20 92.3

Maine 264 33 231 108 38 32 5 11 37 84.0

Maryland 472 43 429 269 88 23 9 8 32 92.5

Massachusetts 561 82 479 280 108 23 8 18 42 91.2

Michigan 1,080 125 955 570 307 32 9 10 27 97.2

Minnesota 368 35 333 229 72 10 3 6 13 96.1

Mississippi 138 16 122 61 26 16 7 2 10 91.8

Missouri 406 59 347 195 71 36 6 12 27 92.2

Montana 97 16 81 45 7 7 6 5 11 86.4

Nebraska 174 22 152 68 38 32 8 4 2 98.7

 

See notes at end of table.

Table 5.1

Survey forms accounting and response rate by State or jurisdiction: UFDS 1998

51

Usable responses

Nonrespondents

Response 

rate 5

Effective 

sample

Partial data 

(client counts 

only) 3

 Unusable 

responses 4

Complete data

Closed/ 

ineligible

Total forms 

distributed

Page 1 of 2
 

State or jurisdiction 1 Mail Telephone

Split 

response 2

Nevada 133 10 123 76 29 1 2 4 11 91.1

New Hampshire 169 18 151 49 80 12 -- 2 8 94.7

New Jersey 461 39 422 252 83 16 15 10 46 89.1

New Mexico 193 21 172 91 51 10 8 3 9 94.8

New York 1,943 203 1,740 1,057 446 70 9 27 131 92.5

North Carolina 408 39 369 192 63 43 28 17 26 93.0

North Dakota 69 9 60 44 15 -- -- 1 -- 100.0

Ohio 1,138 146 992 480 335 55 21 20 81 91.8

Oklahoma 274 39 235 124 60 16 13 7 15 93.6

Oregon 291 35 256 150 38 24 10 7 27 89.5

Palau 1 -- 1 1 -- -- -- -- -- 100.0

Pennsylvania 849 79 770 391 176 62 16 22 103 86.6

Puerto Rico 204 13 191 44 46 71 4 5 21 89.0

Rhode Island 104 8 96 57 23 2 -- 2 12 87.5

South Carolina 143 9 134 57 31 7 11 8 20 85.1

South Dakota 95 10 85 52 17 4 2 2 8 90.6

Tennessee 304 31 273 116 50 69 11 8 19 93.0

Texas 1,230 217 1,013 501 226 46 19 43 178 82.4

Utah 251 44 207 92 67 27 9 3 9 95.7

Vermont 70 9 61 28 14 5 2 8 4 93.4

Virgin Islands 4 -- 4 2 -- 1 -- -- 1 75.0

Virginia 364 50 314 141 78 30 11 22 32 89.8

Washington 449 42 407 240 91 23 6 10 37 90.9

West Virginia 136 8 128 64 31 5 5 6 17 86.7

Wisconsin 507 38 469 278 87 29 30 15 30 93.6

Wyoming 65 4 61 39 7 3 -- 2 10 83.6

52

Nonrespondents

Response 

rate 5

Complete data Partial data 

(client counts 

only) 3

Table 5.1

Survey forms accounting and response rate by State or jurisdiction: UFDS 1998

Total forms 

distributed

Closed/ 

ineligible

Effective 

sample

Usable responses

 Unusable 

responses 4

1

 Facilities operated by Federal agencies are included in the States in which the facilities are located.

2

 A "roll-up" is a facility whose data are included with that of another facility.

3

 Response rate is calculated as 'Respondents' divided by the 'Effective sample'.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Uniform 

Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey 1998. (Administrative data).

1

 Facilities operated by Federal agencies are included in the States in which the facilities are located.

2

 Completed facility characteristic questions; client and revenue data were reported by another facility.

3

 Client counts included by another facility.

4

 No client counts submitted. Facilities not included in data tabulations.

5

 Response rate is calculated as 'Usable responses' divided by the 'Effective sample'.

-- Quantity is zero.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey 1998 

(administrative data).

Page 2 of 2
 

Facilities Clients Facilities Clients Facilities Clients Facilities Clients

Total 13,455 1,038,378 100.0 100.0 

Alabama 110 8,933 0.8 0.9 Montana 58 2,470 0.4 0.2

Alaska 73 2,915 0.5 0.3 Nebraska 113 5,515 0.8 0.5

Arizona 212 19,804 1.6 1.9 Nevada 96 7,962 0.7 0.8

Arkansas 75 7,006 0.6 0.7 New Hampshire 77 3,374 0.6 0.3

California 1,462 126,340 10.9 12.2 New Jersey 314 24,666 2.3 2.4

Colorado 221 24,079 1.6 2.3 New Mexico 124 10,304 0.9 1.0

Connecticut 253 16,037 1.9 1.5 New York 1,235 115,870 9.2 11.2

Delaware 46 3,767 0.3 0.4 North Carolina 271 25,358 2.0 2.4

District of Columbia 60 6,499 0.4 0.6 North Dakota 51 3,011 0.4 0.3

Fed. of Micronesia 2 64 0.0 0.0 Ohio 552 42,490 4.1 4.1

Florida 610 45,591 4.5 4.4 Oklahoma 161 8,750 1.2 0.8

Georgia 227 15,775 1.7 1.5 Oregon 194 18,116 1.4 1.7

Guam 1 445 0.0 0.0 Palau 1 24 0.0 0.0

Hawaii 73 3,012 0.5 0.3 Pennsylvania 544 36,536 4.0 3.5

Idaho 58 2,896 0.4 0.3 Puerto Rico 132 7,731 1.0 0.7

Illinois 557 45,872 4.1 4.4 Rhode Island 65 6,390 0.5 0.6

Indiana 313 16,855 2.3 1.6 South Carolina 79 9,648 0.6 0.9

Iowa 123 7,287 0.9 0.7 South Dakota 64 2,785 0.5 0.3

Kansas 178 8,951 1.3 0.9 Tennessee 211 12,903 1.6 1.2

Kentucky 259 14,656 1.9 1.4 Texas 673 47,379 5.0 4.6

Louisiana 172 16,991 1.3 1.6 Utah 137 11,650 1.0 1.1

Maine 162 8,577 1.2 0.8 Vermont 46 2,577 0.3 0.2

Maryland 346 23,960 2.6 2.3 Virgin Islands 3 86 0.0 0.0

Massachusetts 370 42,508 2.7 4.1 Virginia 209 20,888 1.6 2.0

Michigan 642 48,963 4.8 4.7 Washington 331 31,953 2.5 3.1

Minnesota 283 10,403 2.1 1.0 West Virginia 81 4,658 0.6 0.4

Mississippi 93 8,877 0.7 0.9 Wisconsin 347 18,916 2.6 1.8

Missouri 259 17,596 1.9 1.7 Wyoming 46 1,709 0.3 0.2

53

Number

Table 5.2

Substance abuse treatment facilities and clients in treatment, by State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998 

State or jurisdiction Percent Number Percent 1 State or jurisdiction 1

1

 Facilities operated by Federal agencies are included in the States in which the facilities are located.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.
 

 

Total

Both alcohol

and drug

abuse

Drug 

abuse

only

Alcohol

abuse

only Total

Both alcohol

and drug

abuse

Drug 

abuse 

only

Alcohol

abuse

only Total

Both alcohol

and drug

abuse

Drug

abuse

only

Alcohol

abuse

only

Total 1,030,028 509,784 275,320 244,924 100.0 49.5 26.7 23.8 462 229 123 110

Alabama 8,933 4,274 2,929 1,730 100.0 47.8 32.8 19.4 245 117 80 47

Alaska 2,915 1,439 215 1,261 100.0 49.4 7.4 43.3 583 288 43 252

Arizona 19,804 8,795 5,883 5,126 100.0 44.4 29.7 25.9 533 237 158 138

Arkansas 7,006 4,096 1,480 1,430 100.0 58.5 21.1 20.4 326 191 69 67

California 126,340 57,515 41,512 27,313 100.0 45.5 32.9 21.6 491 224 161 106

Colorado 24,079 10,890 4,280 8,909 100.0 45.2 17.8 37.0 722 327 128 267

Connecticut 16,037 7,079 6,192 2,766 100.0 44.1 38.6 17.2 585 258 226 101

Delaware 3,767 1,912 1,059 796 100.0 50.8 28.1 21.1 603 306 170 128

Dist. of Columbia 6,499 3,949 1,654 896 100.0 60.8 25.5 13.8 1,448 880 368 200

Florida 45,591 24,867 11,961 8,763 100.0 54.5 26.2 19.2 365 199 96 70

Georgia 15,775 7,231 4,452 4,092 100.0 45.8 28.2 25.9 252 116 71 65

Hawaii 3,012 1,700 663 649 100.0 56.4 22.0 21.5 300 169 66 65

Idaho 2,896 1,858 430 608 100.0 64.2 14.8 21.0 278 179 41 58

Illinois 45,872 22,638 12,088 11,146 100.0 49.4 26.4 24.3 466 230 123 113

Indiana 16,855 7,384 3,695 5,776 100.0 43.8 21.9 34.3 340 149 74 116

Iowa 7,287 3,646 1,028 2,613 100.0 50.0 14.1 35.9 301 151 42 108

Kansas 8,951 5,022 1,557 2,372 100.0 56.1 17.4 26.5 412 231 72 109

Kentucky 14,656 6,597 2,712 5,347 100.0 45.0 18.5 36.5 442 199 82 161

Louisiana 16,991 9,664 4,162 3,165 100.0 56.9 24.5 18.6 473 269 116 88

Maine 8,577 4,306 1,195 3,076 100.0 50.2 13.9 35.9 809 406 113 290

Maryland 23,960 11,001 7,921 5,038 100.0 45.9 33.1 21.0 558 256 184 117

Massachusetts 42,508 23,781 9,871 8,856 100.0 55.9 23.2 20.8 824 461 191 172

Michigan 48,963 19,858 13,266 15,839 100.0 40.6 27.1 32.3 615 249 167 199

Minnesota 10,403 5,532 2,227 2,644 100.0 53.2 21.4 25.4 264 140 57 67

Mississippi 8,877 5,028 1,882 1,967 100.0 56.6 21.2 22.2 391 222 83 87

Missouri 17,596 11,330 2,913 3,353 100.0 64.4 16.6 19.1 387 249 64 74

Montana 2,470 1,326 317 827 100.0 53.7 12.8 33.5 322 173 41 108

Nebraska 5,515 3,065 746 1,704 100.0 55.6 13.5 30.9 396 220 54 122

 

See notes at end of table.

54

Number of clients 3 Clients per 100,000 population aged 12+ 3

Table 5.3

Clients in treatment per 100,000 population aged 12 and over by substance abuse problem, according to State or jurisdiction:1 October 1, 1998

Percent distribution 3

Substance abuse problem

State or jurisdiction 2

Page 1 of 2
 

 

Total

Both alcohol

and drug

abuse

Drug 

abuse

only

Alcohol

abuse

only Total

Both alcohol

and drug

abuse

Drug 

abuse 

only

Alcohol

abuse

only Total

Both alcohol

and drug

abuse

Drug

abuse

only

Alcohol

abuse

only

Nevada 7,962 4,678 1,590 1,694 100.0 58.8 20.0 21.3 548 322 110 117

New Hampshire 3,374 1,741 312 1,321 100.0 51.6 9.2 39.2 338 175 31 133

New Jersey 24,666 11,999 8,882 3,785 100.0 48.6 36.0 15.3 367 179 132 56

New Mexico 10,304 4,280 2,051 3,973 100.0 41.5 19.9 38.6 714 297 142 275

New York 115,870 49,495 49,257 17,118 100.0 42.7 42.5 14.8 773 330 329 114

North Carolina 25,358 13,535 4,538 7,285 100.0 53.4 17.9 28.7 402 215 72 115

North Dakota 3,011 1,418 365 1,228 100.0 47.1 12.1 40.8 549 259 67 224

Ohio 42,490 23,839 7,413 11,238 100.0 56.1 17.4 26.4 453 254 79 120

Oklahoma 8,750 3,480 2,587 2,683 100.0 39.8 29.6 30.7 315 125 93 97

Oregon 18,116 9,644 4,631 3,841 100.0 53.2 25.6 21.2 653 348 167 139

Pennsylvania 36,536 21,460 8,282 6,794 100.0 58.7 22.7 18.6 357 210 81 66

Rhode Island 6,390 2,957 2,143 1,290 100.0 46.3 33.5 20.2 768 355 258 155

South Carolina 9,648 3,661 2,443 3,544 100.0 37.9 25.3 36.7 307 116 78 113

South Dakota 2,785 1,261 205 1,319 100.0 45.3 7.4 47.4 446 202 33 211

Tennessee 12,903 5,111 4,502 3,290 100.0 39.6 34.9 25.5 280 111 98 71

Texas 47,379 28,033 11,108 8,238 100.0 59.2 23.4 17.4 300 177 70 52

Utah 11,650 5,815 3,431 2,404 100.0 49.9 29.5 20.6 705 352 208 145

Vermont 2,577 1,414 317 846 100.0 54.9 12.3 32.8 507 278 62 166

Virginia 20,888 10,595 4,431 5,862 100.0 50.7 21.2 28.1 364 185 77 102

Washington 31,953 18,864 4,438 8,651 100.0 59.0 13.9 27.1 675 398 94 183

West Virginia 4,658 1,630 792 2,236 100.0 35.0 17.0 48.0 296 103 50 142

Wisconsin 18,916 8,279 3,089 7,548 100.0 43.8 16.3 39.9 432 189 71 172

Wyoming 1,709 812 223 674 100.0 47.5 13.0 39.4 406 193 53 160

55

State or jurisdiction 2 Number of clients 3 Percent distribution 3 Clients per 100,000 population aged 12+ 3

Table 5.3

Clients in treatment per 100,000 population aged 12 and over by substance abuse problem, according to State or jurisdiction:1 October 1, 1998

Substance abuse problem

1

 Excludes jurisdictions outside the United States and the District of Columbia.

2

 Facilities operated by Federal agencies are included in the States in which the facilities are located.

3

 Changes in the distribution and rates from figures reported in earlier publications may be because the questionnaire response order was changed in 1998.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.

Page 2 of 2
 

 

VA DoD IHS Other VA DoD IHS Other

Total 13,455 7,489 3,775 1,105 589 149 128 30 10 180 100.0 55.7 28.1 8.2 4.4 1.1 1.0 0.2 0.1 1.3 

Alabama 110 53 30 13 3 7 4 -- -- -- 100.0 48.2 27.3 11.8 2.7 6.4 3.6 -- -- -- 

Alaska 73 36 9 8 -- 1 4 5 1 9 100.0 49.3 12.3 11.0 -- 1.4 5.5 6.8 1.4 12.3 

Arizona 212 105 78 -- 1 3 3 2 -- 20 100.0 49.5 36.8 -- 0.5 1.4 1.4 0.9 -- 9.4 

Arkansas 75 45 12 -- 16 2 -- -- -- -- 100.0 60.0 16.0 -- 21.3 2.7 -- -- -- -- 

California 1,462 877 374 164 10 8 14 4 -- 11 100.0 60.0 25.6 11.2 0.7 0.5 1.0 0.3 -- 0.8 

Colorado 221 89 109 7 8 2 4 -- -- 2 100.0 40.3 49.3 3.2 3.6 0.9 1.8 -- -- 0.9 

Connecticut 253 193 39 4 13 2 2 -- -- -- 100.0 76.3 15.4 1.6 5.1 0.8 0.8 -- -- -- 

Delaware 46 24 15 -- 5 1 1 -- -- -- 100.0 52.2 32.6 -- 10.9 2.2 2.2 -- -- -- 

Dist. of Columbia 60 25 15 12 6 1 1 -- -- -- 100.0 41.7 25.0 20.0 10.0 1.7 1.7 -- -- -- 

Fed. of Micronesia 2 -- -- -- 2 -- -- -- -- -- 100.0 -- -- -- 100.0 -- -- -- -- -- 

Florida 610 317 216 29 31 8 7 -- 1 1 100.0 52.0 35.4 4.8 5.1 1.3 1.1 -- 0.2 0.2 

Georgia 227 62 54 48 51 2 10 -- -- -- 100.0 27.3 23.8 21.1 22.5 0.9 4.4 -- -- -- 

Guam 1 -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- 100.0 -- -- -- 100.0 -- -- -- -- -- 

Hawaii 73 59 9 -- -- 1 4 -- -- -- 100.0 80.8 12.3 -- -- 1.4 5.5 -- -- -- 

Idaho 58 25 22 3 3 1 -- -- -- 4 100.0 43.1 37.9 5.2 5.2 1.7 -- -- -- 6.9 

Illinois 557 356 154 21 19 5 2 -- -- -- 100.0 63.9 27.6 3.8 3.4 0.9 0.4 -- -- -- 

Indiana 313 193 93 20 6 1 -- -- -- -- 100.0 61.7 29.7 6.4 1.9 0.3 -- -- -- -- 

Iowa 123 92 13 5 10 2 -- -- -- 1 100.0 74.8 10.6 4.1 8.1 1.6 -- -- -- 0.8 

Kansas 178 83 59 19 11 2 2 1 -- 1 100.0 46.6 33.1 10.7 6.2 1.1 1.1 0.6 -- 0.6 

Kentucky 259 135 113 4 5 1 1 -- -- -- 100.0 52.1 43.6 1.5 1.9 0.4 0.4 -- -- -- 

Louisiana 172 59 52 11 43 3 1 -- -- 3 100.0 34.3 30.2 6.4 25.0 1.7 0.6 -- -- 1.7 

Maine 162 90 62 2 2 3 1 -- -- 2 100.0 55.6 38.3 1.2 1.2 1.9 0.6 -- -- 1.2 

Maryland 346 127 128 36 50 3 2 -- -- -- 100.0 36.7 37.0 10.4 14.5 0.9 0.6 -- -- -- 

Massachusetts 370 270 81 9 4 5 1 -- -- -- 100.0 73.0 21.9 2.4 1.1 1.4 0.3 -- -- -- 

Michigan 642 370 205 43 3 4 -- 2 2 13 100.0 57.6 31.9 6.7 0.5 0.6 -- 0.3 0.3 2.0 

Minnesota 283 146 94 11 22 2 -- -- -- 8 100.0 51.6 33.2 3.9 7.8 0.7 -- -- -- 2.8 

Mississippi 93 40 15 24 8 2 4 -- -- -- 100.0 43.0 16.1 25.8 8.6 2.2 4.3 -- -- -- 

Missouri 259 156 82 4 10 4 3 -- -- -- 100.0 60.2 31.7 1.5 3.9 1.5 1.2 -- -- -- 

Montana 58 31 13 4 4 1 1 -- -- 4 100.0 53.4 22.4 6.9 6.9 1.7 1.7 -- -- 6.9 

Nebraska 113 71 20 8 7 3 -- 1 1 2 100.0 62.8 17.7 7.1 6.2 2.7 -- 0.9 0.9 1.8 

 

See notes at end of table.

Private 

nonprofitTribal 

govt

Private 

forprofitTribal 

govt

Local 

govt

State 

govt

Private 

forprofit

Private 

nonState or profit

jurisdiction 1

Total Total

56

Federal govt

Table 5.4

Substance abuse treatment facilities by ownership, according to State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998

Ownership

Number of facilities Percent distribution

Federal govt

State 

govt

Local 

govt

Page 1 of 2
 

 

VA DoD IHS Other VA DoD IHS Other

Nevada 96 40 39 4 2 2 -- 3 -- 6 100.0 41.7 40.6 4.2 2.1 2.1 -- 3.1 -- 6.3 

New Hampshire 77 53 17 2 4 1 -- -- -- -- 100.0 68.8 22.1 2.6 5.2 1.3 -- -- -- -- 

New Jersey 314 186 100 18 5 1 3 -- 1 -- 100.0 59.2 31.8 5.7 1.6 0.3 1.0 -- 0.3 -- 

New Mexico 124 59 35 2 7 2 1 2 1 15 100.0 47.6 28.2 1.6 5.6 1.6 0.8 1.6 0.8 12.1 

New York 1,235 801 234 149 39 7 -- -- -- 5 100.0 64.9 18.9 12.1 3.2 0.6 -- -- -- 0.4 

North Carolina 271 70 100 81 9 3 6 2 -- -- 100.0 25.8 36.9 29.9 3.3 1.1 2.2 0.7 -- -- 

North Dakota 51 11 20 2 11 1 1 -- -- 5 100.0 21.6 39.2 3.9 21.6 2.0 2.0 -- -- 9.8 

Ohio 552 396 93 30 24 8 -- -- 1 -- 100.0 71.7 16.8 5.4 4.3 1.4 -- -- 0.2 -- 

Oklahoma 161 92 25 8 12 2 5 2 -- 15 100.0 57.1 15.5 5.0 7.5 1.2 3.1 1.2 -- 9.3 

Oregon 194 98 52 28 7 -- -- 1 -- 8 100.0 50.5 26.8 14.4 3.6 -- -- 0.5 -- 4.1 

Palau 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- 100.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 100.0 -- 

Pennsylvania 544 376 133 12 16 7 -- -- -- -- 100.0 69.1 24.4 2.2 2.9 1.3 -- -- -- -- 

Puerto Rico 132 33 74 1 23 1 -- -- -- -- 100.0 25.0 56.1 0.8 17.4 0.8 -- -- -- -- 

Rhode Island 65 51 10 -- 2 1 1 -- -- -- 100.0 78.5 15.4 -- 3.1 1.5 1.5 -- -- -- 

South Carolina 79 23 16 26 8 1 4 -- -- 1 100.0 29.1 20.3 32.9 10.1 1.3 5.1 -- -- 1.3 

South Dakota 64 34 11 1 8 2 1 2 -- 5 100.0 53.1 17.2 1.6 12.5 3.1 1.6 3.1 -- 7.8 

Tennessee 211 149 49 8 1 4 -- -- -- -- 100.0 70.6 23.2 3.8 0.5 1.9 -- -- -- -- 

Texas 673 323 249 48 24 9 17 -- 1 2 100.0 48.0 37.0 7.1 3.6 1.3 2.5 -- 0.1 0.3 

Utah 137 53 41 33 4 1 3 1 -- 1 100.0 38.7 29.9 24.1 2.9 0.7 2.2 0.7 -- 0.7 

Vermont 46 34 10 -- -- 2 -- -- -- -- 100.0 73.9 21.7 -- -- 4.3 -- -- -- -- 

Virgin Islands 3 2 -- 1 -- -- -- -- -- -- 100.0 66.7 -- 33.3 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Virginia 209 63 53 64 17 3 8 -- -- 1 100.0 30.1 25.4 30.6 8.1 1.4 3.8 -- -- 0.5 

Washington 331 148 119 25 9 3 5 1 -- 21 100.0 44.7 36.0 7.6 2.7 0.9 1.5 0.3 -- 6.3 

West Virginia 81 68 9 -- -- 4 -- -- -- -- 100.0 84.0 11.1 -- -- 4.9 -- -- -- -- 

Wisconsin 347 171 110 48 2 2 -- 1 -- 13 100.0 49.3 31.7 13.8 0.6 0.6 -- 0.3 -- 3.7 

Wyoming 46 26 10 5 1 2 1 -- -- 1 100.0 56.5 21.7 10.9 2.2 4.3 2.2 -- -- 2.2 

57

State 

govt

Federal govt

Tribal 

govt

Number of facilities Percent distribution

Total

Private 

nonprofit

Private 

forprofitLocal 

govt

Table 5.4

Substance abuse treatment facilities by ownership, according to State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998

Ownership

State or 

jurisdiction 1

Total

Private 

nonprofit

Private 

forprofitLocal 

govt

State 

govt

Federal govt

Tribal 

govt

1

 Facilities operated by Federal agencies are included in the States in which the facilities are located.

-- Quantity is zero.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.

Page 2 of 2
 

 

 

State or

jurisdiction 2 All facilities Total

OutpatientResidential

Outpatient 

& residential

Community 

mental 

health center

Solo or 

group 

practice

General 

hospital 

(incl. VA)

Psychiatric 

or other 

specialized 

hospital

Criminal 

justice

Community 

or religious 

agency/org

Community 

health 

center

Multiple/ 

Unknown

 

Total 13,455 100.0 27.6 13.9 2.6 14.9 10.4 8.0 6.0 6.0 2.5 0.8 7.3 

Alabama 110 100.0 20.9 10.9 1.8 27.3 6.4 11.8 8.2 6.4 -- -- 6.4 

Alaska 73 100.0 31.5 12.3 9.6 20.5 -- 9.6 5.5 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 

Arizona 212 100.0 21.7 15.1 2.4 17.5 10.8 5.7 6.6 5.2 3.3 0.5 11.3 

Arkansas 75 100.0 12.0 14.7 8.0 14.7 4.0 8.0 13.3 21.3 1.3 -- 2.7 

California 1,462 100.0 31.3 22.8 2.2 7.2 7.2 3.6 4.2 8.1 3.6 1.4 8.5 

Colorado 221 100.0 32.1 5.4 3.6 12.2 19.0 4.5 6.3 5.4 -- 1.4 10.0 

Connecticut 253 100.0 28.5 19.8 0.8 12.3 9.1 4.0 6.7 4.7 1.2 1.2 11.9 

Delaware 46 100.0 21.7 26.1 -- 8.7 13.0 6.5 2.2 10.9 8.7 -- 2.2 

District of Columbia 60 100.0 30.0 15.0 -- 8.3 6.7 10.0 1.7 11.7 6.7 -- 10.0 

Fed. of Micronesia 2 100.0 -- -- -- 50.0 -- 50.0 -- -- -- -- -- 

Florida 610 100.0 23.3 13.1 3.0 13.1 15.2 4.1 6.6 10.3 1.5 0.3 9.5 

Georgia 227 100.0 14.5 7.0 1.8 34.8 7.0 8.8 15.0 1.3 3.1 0.4 6.2 

Guam 1 100.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- 100.0 -- -- -- -- 

Hawaii 73 100.0 31.5 16.4 1.4 1.4 6.8 1.4 6.8 -- 2.7 2.7 28.8 

Idaho 58 100.0 22.4 13.8 10.3 3.4 29.3 8.6 3.4 3.4 -- -- 5.2 

Illinois 557 100.0 30.0 6.5 4.8 18.7 11.8 9.3 3.2 7.0 2.7 1.3 4.7 

Indiana 313 100.0 18.5 6.4 1.0 37.7 7.7 8.0 9.3 4.2 3.2 0.6 3.5 

Iowa 123 100.0 38.2 10.6 6.5 4.9 4.9 18.7 1.6 7.3 -- -- 7.3 

Kansas 178 100.0 16.9 2.8 9.6 16.3 20.8 7.3 4.5 7.3 2.8 1.1 10.7 

Kentucky 259 100.0 22.0 5.4 0.8 33.2 13.9 5.4 4.2 3.5 1.2 0.4 10.0 

Louisiana 172 100.0 32.6 17.4 0.6 3.5 7.6 7.6 12.2 6.4 1.2 0.6 10.5 

Maine 162 100.0 31.5 10.5 -- 13.6 21.6 5.6 3.1 3.1 -- 4.3 6.8 

Maryland 346 100.0 35.3 10.4 1.2 6.9 13.6 6.9 5.8 9.8 0.6 1.2 8.4 

Massachusetts 370 100.0 17.6 24.6 0.3 20.3 8.1 10.8 5.7 2.7 3.5 2.2 4.3 

Michigan 642 100.0 34.6 6.5 2.3 15.9 14.3 6.9 3.9 3.6 5.9 0.2 5.9 

Minnesota 283 100.0 31.8 18.7 4.2 8.8 3.2 11.0 7.4 8.5 1.1 1.4 3.9 

Mississippi 93 100.0 6.5 16.1 2.2 30.1 3.2 10.8 15.1 2.2 2.2 -- 11.8 

Missouri 259 100.0 22.0 8.1 7.7 18.9 8.1 10.0 7.3 8.1 2.7 0.4 6.6 

Montana 58 100.0 37.9 3.4 -- 13.8 15.5 8.6 6.9 5.2 1.7 1.7 5.2 

Nebraska 113 100.0 15.0 16.8 2.7 31.9 10.6 10.6 2.7 3.5 2.7 -- 3.5 

 - - -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

See notes at end of table.

58

Table 5.5

Substance abuse treatment facilities by organizational setting, according to State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998

Organizational setting 1

Specialty substance

abuse treatment

Percent distribution

Page 1 of 2
 

 

 

State or

jurisdiction 2 All facilities Total

OutpatientResidential

Outpatient 

& residential

Community 

mental 

health center

Solo or 

group 

practice

General 

hospital 

(incl. VA)

Psychiatric 

or other 

specialized 

hospital

Criminal 

justice

Community 

or religious 

agency/org

Community 

health 

center

Multiple/ 

Unknown

 

Nevada 96 100.0 30.2 7.3 2.1 4.2 19.8 5.2 7.3 6.3 2.1 3.1 12.5 

New Hampshire 77 100.0 11.7 13.0 -- 23.4 14.3 13.0 11.7 5.2 1.3 -- 6.5 

New Jersey 314 100.0 22.0 9.2 1.3 17.5 21.0 9.9 5.4 1.9 4.8 0.6 6.4 

New Mexico 124 100.0 21.0 4.0 4.0 26.6 8.1 3.2 17.7 4.8 0.8 0.8 8.9 

New York 1,235 100.0 42.8 17.3 0.5 5.7 4.4 15.1 4.1 2.7 2.0 0.3 5.1 

North Carolina 271 100.0 11.8 10.7 1.1 22.5 19.9 8.5 7.4 7.0 2.2 0.7 8.1 

North Dakota 51 100.0 13.7 2.0 2.0 15.7 25.5 13.7 9.8 9.8 -- -- 7.8 

Ohio 552 100.0 26.4 11.2 4.5 16.7 8.2 7.6 5.1 10.3 4.0 0.4 5.6 

Oklahoma 161 100.0 26.1 14.3 5.0 12.4 5.6 6.8 7.5 7.5 1.2 1.2 12.4 

Oregon 194 100.0 32.0 9.8 6.2 13.9 7.2 3.1 5.2 13.9 2.6 0.5 5.7 

Palau 1 100.0 -- -- -- -- -- 100.0 -- -- -- -- -- 

Pennsylvania 544 100.0 32.0 14.0 2.6 8.1 9.0 11.2 4.4 6.8 3.1 0.9 7.9 

Puerto Rico 132 100.0 7.6 72.7 2.3 1.5 1.5 2.3 4.5 1.5 4.5 -- 1.5 

Rhode Island 65 100.0 29.2 18.5 3.1 16.9 4.6 7.7 6.2 6.2 3.1 1.5 3.1 

South Carolina 79 100.0 40.5 11.4 7.6 1.3 5.1 10.1 11.4 -- -- -- 12.7 

South Dakota 64 100.0 17.2 17.2 4.7 20.3 7.8 4.7 7.8 14.1 1.6 -- 4.7 

Tennessee 211 100.0 7.6 10.9 3.8 41.7 8.1 6.6 11.4 2.8 1.9 0.9 4.3 

Texas 673 100.0 28.7 13.4 2.7 7.7 15.2 5.3 7.7 7.6 2.2 0.4 9.1 

Utah 137 100.0 23.4 9.5 4.4 27.0 8.0 4.4 5.8 5.1 1.5 -- 10.9 

Vermont 46 100.0 10.9 10.9 2.2 34.8 19.6 4.3 8.7 -- 6.5 2.2 -- 

Virgin Islands 3 100.0 -- 33.3 33.3 -- -- -- -- 33.3 -- -- -- 

Virginia 209 100.0 15.3 11.5 2.4 24.9 12.4 8.6 10.0 4.8 1.0 0.5 8.6 

Washington 331 100.0 45.6 8.5 2.4 11.2 9.7 5.7 3.0 4.5 0.6 0.6 8.2 

West Virginia 81 100.0 8.6 24.7 -- 38.3 3.7 13.6 3.7 2.5 1.2 -- 3.7 

Wisconsin 347 100.0 21.6 15.9 1.7 19.3 13.3 12.7 4.0 2.3 2.6 0.9 5.8 

Wyoming 46 100.0 10.9 6.5 2.2 39.1 15.2 10.9 6.5 2.2 -- -- 6.5 

59

Table 5.5

Substance abuse treatment facilities by organizational setting, according to State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998

Organizational setting 1

Specialty substance

abuse treatment

Percent distribution

1

 See Appendix B for a discussion of assignment of organizational setting.

2

 Facilities operated by Federal agencies are included in the States in which the facilities are located.

-- Quantity is zero.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.

Page 2 of 2
 

VA DoD IHS Other VA DoD IHS Other

Total 1,038,378 556,191 252,369 115,774 62,771 33,518 6,922 873 314 9,646 100.0 53.6 24.3 11.1 6.0 3.2 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.9 

Alabama 8,933 3,744 2,121 1,064 1,303 636 65 -- -- -- 100.0 41.9 23.7 11.9 14.6 7.1 0.7 -- -- -- 

Alaska 2,915 1,370 517 236 -- 15 250 40 15 472 100.0 47.0 17.7 8.1 -- 0.5 8.6 1.4 0.5 16.2 

Arizona 19,804 9,043 7,662 -- 15 503 44 38 -- 2,499 100.0 45.7 38.7 -- 0.1 2.5 0.2 0.2 -- 12.6 

Arkansas 7,006 2,473 3,701 -- 178 654 -- -- -- -- 100.0 35.3 52.8 -- 2.5 9.3 -- -- -- -- 

California 126,340 65,171 35,867 18,149 3,889 2,074 801 75 -- 314 100.0 51.6 28.4 14.4 3.1 1.6 0.6 0.1 -- 0.2 

Colorado 24,079 9,434 8,916 2,783 1,891 523 390 -- -- 142 100.0 39.2 37.0 11.6 7.9 2.2 1.6 -- -- 0.6 

Connecticut 16,037 10,826 3,097 270 1,320 492 32 -- -- -- 100.0 67.5 19.3 1.7 8.2 3.1 0.2 -- -- -- 

Delaware 3,767 1,972 1,291 -- 309 182 13 -- -- -- 100.0 52.3 34.3 -- 8.2 4.8 0.3 -- -- -- 

Dist. of Columbia 6,499 2,811 1,192 1,593 590 269 44 -- -- -- 100.0 43.3 18.3 24.5 9.1 4.1 0.7 -- -- -- 

Fed. of Micronesia 64 -- -- -- 64 -- -- -- -- -- 100.0 -- -- -- 100.0 -- -- -- -- -- 

Florida 45,591 23,519 12,688 3,433 1,908 3,779 210 -- 13 41 100.0 51.6 27.8 7.5 4.2 8.3 0.5 -- 0.0 0.1 

Georgia 15,775 3,445 3,097 4,326 4,019 351 537 -- -- -- 100.0 21.8 19.6 27.4 25.5 2.2 3.4 -- -- -- 

Guam 445 -- -- -- 445 -- -- -- -- -- 100.0 -- -- -- 100.0 -- -- -- -- -- 

Hawaii 3,012 2,128 139 -- -- 167 578 -- -- -- 100.0 70.7 4.6 -- -- 5.5 19.2 -- -- -- 

Idaho 2,896 1,045 900 102 92 404 -- -- -- 353 100.0 36.1 31.1 3.5 3.2 14.0 -- -- -- 12.2 

Illinois 45,872 32,546 8,066 1,204 2,809 1,145 102 -- -- -- 100.0 70.9 17.6 2.6 6.1 2.5 0.2 -- -- -- 

Indiana 16,855 10,387 5,284 627 357 200 -- -- -- -- 100.0 61.6 31.3 3.7 2.1 1.2 -- -- -- -- 

Iowa 7,287 5,643 318 103 879 337 -- -- -- 7 100.0 77.4 4.4 1.4 12.1 4.6 -- -- -- 0.1 

Kansas 8,951 5,735 1,716 962 278 133 43 74 -- 10 100.0 64.1 19.2 10.7 3.1 1.5 0.5 0.8 -- 0.1 

Kentucky 14,656 6,629 6,972 439 216 107 293 -- -- -- 100.0 45.2 47.6 3.0 1.5 0.7 2.0 -- -- -- 

Louisiana 16,991 2,866 3,173 197 10,109 587 15 -- -- 44 100.0 16.9 18.7 1.2 59.5 3.5 0.1 -- -- 0.3 

Maine 8,577 3,643 4,296 54 232 243 12 -- -- 97 100.0 42.5 50.1 0.6 2.7 2.8 0.1 -- -- 1.1 

Maryland 23,960 9,291 8,202 3,190 2,813 402 62 -- -- -- 100.0 38.8 34.2 13.3 11.7 1.7 0.3 -- -- -- 

Massachusetts 42,508 31,401 8,416 528 254 1,889 20 -- -- -- 100.0 73.9 19.8 1.2 0.6 4.4 0.0 -- -- -- 

Michigan 48,963 32,814 11,160 3,172 89 1,334 -- 45 69 280 100.0 67.0 22.8 6.5 0.2 2.7 -- 0.1 0.1 0.6 

Minnesota 10,403 5,501 2,826 453 954 550 -- -- -- 119 100.0 52.9 27.2 4.4 9.2 5.3 -- -- -- 1.1 

Mississippi 8,877 2,164 1,013 4,251 838 551 60 -- -- -- 100.0 24.4 11.4 47.9 9.4 6.2 0.7 -- -- -- 

Missouri 17,596 11,786 4,557 92 474 504 183 -- -- -- 100.0 67.0 25.9 0.5 2.7 2.9 1.0 -- -- -- 

Montana 2,470 1,476 304 109 173 100 12 -- -- 296 100.0 59.8 12.3 4.4 7.0 4.0 0.5 -- -- 12.0 

Nebraska 5,515 3,171 546 791 634 246 -- 20 11 96 100.0 57.5 9.9 14.3 11.5 4.5 -- 0.4 0.2 1.7 

 

See notes at end of table.

60

Table 5.6

Substance abuse treatment clients by facility ownership, according to State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998

Ownership

Number of clients Percent distribution

Federal govt Federal govt

Total

Private 

nonState or profit

jurisdiction 1

State 

govt

Tribal 

govt Total

Private 

for-profit

Local 

govt

Tribal 

govt

Private 

nonprofit

Private 

forprofitLocal 

govt

State 

govt

Page 1 of 2
 

VA DoD IHS Other VA DoD IHS Other

Nevada 7,962 3,252 2,950 512 19 852 -- 101 -- 276 100.0 40.8 37.1 6.4 0.2 10.7 -- 1.3 -- 3.5 

New Hampshire 3,374 2,261 454 68 224 367 -- -- -- -- 100.0 67.0 13.5 2.0 6.6 10.9 -- -- -- -- 

New Jersey 24,666 17,065 5,766 1,042 507 185 26 -- 75 -- 100.0 69.2 23.4 4.2 2.1 0.8 0.1 -- 0.3 -- 

New Mexico 10,304 4,484 2,804 773 1,107 189 29 74 17 827 100.0 43.5 27.2 7.5 10.7 1.8 0.3 0.7 0.2 8.0 

New York 115,870 77,748 18,315 14,193 3,107 2,352 -- -- -- 155 100.0 67.1 15.8 12.2 2.7 2.0 -- -- -- 0.1 

North Carolina 25,358 5,204 5,084 13,108 636 255 934 137 -- -- 100.0 20.5 20.0 51.7 2.5 1.0 3.7 0.5 -- -- 

North Dakota 3,011 399 390 1,090 838 39 52 -- -- 203 100.0 13.3 13.0 36.2 27.8 1.3 1.7 -- -- 6.7 

Ohio 42,490 30,982 4,913 1,702 3,062 1,791 -- -- 40 -- 100.0 72.9 11.6 4.0 7.2 4.2 -- -- 0.1 -- 

Oklahoma 8,750 5,560 959 349 894 299 159 77 -- 453 100.0 63.5 11.0 4.0 10.2 3.4 1.8 0.9 -- 5.2 

Oregon 18,116 8,892 4,356 3,526 820 -- -- 81 -- 441 100.0 49.1 24.0 19.5 4.5 -- -- 0.4 -- 2.4 

Palau 24 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 24 -- 100.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 100.0 -- 

Pennsylvania 36,536 23,178 7,863 1,797 1,277 2,421 -- -- -- -- 100.0 63.4 21.5 4.9 3.5 6.6 -- -- -- -- 

Puerto Rico 7,731 1,328 2,160 587 3,389 267 -- -- -- -- 100.0 17.2 27.9 7.6 43.8 3.5 -- -- -- -- 

Rhode Island 6,390 4,182 1,873 -- 55 276 4 -- -- -- 100.0 65.4 29.3 -- 0.9 4.3 0.1 -- -- -- 

South Carolina 9,648 3,900 1,112 3,602 735 50 148 -- -- 101 100.0 40.4 11.5 37.3 7.6 0.5 1.5 -- -- 1.0 

South Dakota 2,785 1,313 200 319 287 303 19 24 -- 320 100.0 47.1 7.2 11.5 10.3 10.9 0.7 0.9 -- 11.5 

Tennessee 12,903 8,645 3,423 402 34 399 -- -- -- -- 100.0 67.0 26.5 3.1 0.3 3.1 -- -- -- -- 

Texas 47,379 17,992 18,247 2,610 6,157 1,526 581 -- 50 216 100.0 38.0 38.5 5.5 13.0 3.2 1.2 -- 0.1 0.5 

Utah 11,650 5,454 1,776 3,319 563 400 80 58 -- -- 100.0 46.8 15.2 28.5 4.8 3.4 0.7 0.5 -- -- 

Vermont 2,577 1,780 542 -- -- 255 -- -- -- -- 100.0 69.1 21.0 -- -- 9.9 -- -- -- -- 

Virgin Islands 86 18 -- 68 -- -- -- -- -- -- 100.0 20.9 -- 79.1 -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Virginia 20,888 2,871 2,309 13,376 1,583 226 515 -- -- 8 100.0 13.7 11.1 64.0 7.6 1.1 2.5 -- -- 0.0 

Washington 31,953 14,461 12,336 1,952 297 1,244 598 9 -- 1,056 100.0 45.3 38.6 6.1 0.9 3.9 1.9 0.0 -- 3.3 

West Virginia 4,658 3,532 503 -- -- 623 -- -- -- -- 100.0 75.8 10.8 -- -- 13.4 -- -- -- -- 

Wisconsin 18,916 8,662 5,799 3,127 37 592 -- 20 -- 679 100.0 45.8 30.7 16.5 0.2 3.1 -- 0.1 -- 3.6 

Wyoming 1,709 994 198 124 11 230 11 -- -- 141 100.0 58.2 11.6 7.3 0.6 13.5 0.6 -- -- 8.3 

61

State 

govt

Federal govt

Tribal 

govt

Number of clients Percent distribution

Total

Private 

nonprofit

Private 

forprofitLocal 

govt

Table 5.6

Substance abuse treatment clients by facility ownership, according to State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998

Ownership

State or

jurisdiction 1

Total

Private 

nonprofitPrivate 

for-profit

Local 

govt

State 

govt

Federal govt

Tribal 

govt

1

 Facilities operated by Federal agencies are included in the States in which the facilities are located.

-- Quantity is zero.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.

Page 2 of 2
 

 

 

State or

jurisdiction 2 Clients Total

OutpatientResidential

Outpatient 

& residential

Community 

mental 

health 

center

Solo or 

group 

practice

General 

hospital 

(incl. VA)

Psychiatric 

or other 

specialized 

hospital

Criminal 

justice

Community 

or religious 

agency/org

Community 

health 

center

Multiple/ 

Unknown

 

Total 1,038,378 100.0 37.4 5.7 3.7 14.9 4.7 8.6 6.1 7.9 1.7 0.7 8.6 

Alabama 8,933 100.0 29.5 4.0 3.4 23.5 1.2 4.5 7.7 20.4 -- -- 5.8 

Alaska 2,915 100.0 39.9 7.4 11.7 15.7 -- 8.4 1.6 6.3 2.1 0.8 6.1 

Arizona 19,804 100.0 29.2 5.7 5.2 15.1 5.7 3.1 5.8 9.6 2.6 0.1 17.9 

Arkansas 7,006 100.0 7.6 6.0 6.9 10.7 0.1 10.5 52.8 2.1 0.7 -- 2.5 

California 126,340 100.0 46.4 9.1 1.0 4.3 2.6 4.5 4.3 13.0 2.8 2.3 9.7 

Colorado 24,079 100.0 48.2 6.7 7.8 6.2 9.0 3.1 2.7 5.3 -- 0.7 10.2 

Connecticut 16,037 100.0 37.8 7.6 0.4 10.3 5.1 7.4 10.1 5.1 1.4 2.1 12.6 

Delaware 3,767 100.0 65.1 8.0 -- 1.3 3.6 5.2 0.3 12.4 4.1 -- -- 

District of Columbia 6,499 100.0 45.0 5.2 -- 6.0 1.1 6.1 0.5 9.8 19.4 -- 6.8 

Fed. of Micronesia 64 100.0 -- -- -- 75.0 -- 25.0 -- -- -- -- -- 

Florida 45,591 100.0 29.4 6.6 8.1 6.8 9.1 4.3 4.3 11.8 0.9 0.1 18.6 

Georgia 15,775 100.0 18.7 3.5 2.7 40.7 2.8 7.2 9.0 0.2 2.3 1.3 11.6 

Guam 445 100.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- 100.0 -- -- -- -- 

Hawaii 3,012 100.0 48.8 10.1 3.3 1.2 1.9 2.1 14.3 -- 1.0 1.5 15.8 

Idaho 2,896 100.0 32.0 4.0 13.8 2.5 14.6 18.4 2.8 7.2 -- -- 4.6 

Illinois 45,872 100.0 33.4 2.1 7.6 21.1 4.4 13.4 5.5 7.7 1.0 0.3 3.5 

Indiana 16,855 100.0 14.7 2.8 0.5 40.6 6.4 8.1 13.2 5.7 3.3 0.4 4.4 

Iowa 7,287 100.0 28.6 6.0 19.7 3.5 2.9 21.5 1.1 12.7 -- -- 4.0 

Kansas 8,951 100.0 19.1 1.1 25.5 15.0 7.2 4.2 11.9 8.4 0.9 0.6 6.0 

Kentucky 14,656 100.0 24.7 2.7 0.6 41.7 9.7 3.9 5.1 4.4 0.2 0.1 6.9 

Louisiana 16,991 100.0 61.4 5.0 0.2 4.4 1.6 3.4 8.0 9.5 1.0 0.3 5.4 

Maine 8,577 100.0 44.6 2.2 -- 11.0 14.1 8.2 2.6 6.2 -- 3.7 7.5 

Maryland 23,960 100.0 51.1 3.8 1.2 4.6 7.5 9.8 3.6 8.6 0.2 1.8 7.7 

Massachusetts 42,508 100.0 34.4 6.2 0.1 26.0 1.8 16.3 7.1 1.7 1.6 0.7 4.1 

Michigan 48,963 100.0 47.9 3.9 2.7 11.3 4.5 8.6 4.2 3.6 5.1 0.1 8.2 

Minnesota 10,403 100.0 29.6 9.0 4.1 10.1 1.0 19.7 13.2 7.7 0.3 0.6 4.6 

Mississippi 8,877 100.0 3.1 2.3 6.3 62.9 0.2 5.7 14.7 1.1 0.8 -- 2.8 

Missouri 17,596 100.0 17.1 8.3 14.8 16.1 2.5 9.3 3.8 13.1 1.6 0.3 13.3 

Montana 2,470 100.0 55.9 3.0 -- 5.7 5.7 14.4 4.3 7.2 0.2 1.0 2.5 

Nebraska 5,515 100.0 17.3 6.7 2.8 38.5 4.7 16.6 4.3 4.7 2.3 -- 2.2 

 

See notes at end of table.

Percent distribution

62

Specialty substance

abuse treatment

Table 5.7

Substance abuse treatment clients by organizational setting, according to State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998

Organizational setting 1

Page 1 of 2
 

 

 

State or

jurisdiction 2 Clients Total

OutpatientResidential

Outpatient 

& residential

Community 

mental 

health 

center

Solo or 

group 

practice

General 

hospital 

(incl. VA)

Psychiatric 

or other 

specialized 

hospital

Criminal 

justice

Community 

or religious 

agency/org

Community 

health 

center

Multiple/ 

Unknown

 

Nevada 7,962 100.0 28.4 2.0 2.2 16.0 16.2 6.8 7.4 6.5 2.3 1.4 10.8 

New Hampshire 3,374 100.0 10.0 3.6 -- 30.9 5.3 22.3 14.7 7.7 0.8 -- 4.7 

New Jersey 24,666 100.0 39.1 5.0 0.5 16.0 12.1 6.7 9.3 2.2 2.2 0.3 6.5 

New Mexico 10,304 100.0 36.2 2.5 4.4 23.0 3.2 2.9 10.3 4.1 0.4 0.0 12.8 

New York 115,870 100.0 54.5 6.5 0.3 5.4 2.4 16.0 3.9 5.3 1.5 0.1 4.1 

North Carolina 25,358 100.0 11.9 3.8 3.0 40.9 6.1 6.3 4.7 13.4 0.5 0.9 8.6 

North Dakota 3,011 100.0 10.8 1.0 0.8 18.8 5.9 9.7 8.0 9.2 -- -- 35.8 

Ohio 42,490 100.0 35.1 3.8 5.1 19.8 3.5 9.8 4.6 11.1 1.3 0.6 5.4 

Oklahoma 8,750 100.0 25.6 8.2 6.3 13.5 3.9 4.5 17.2 8.5 0.2 0.9 11.2 

Oregon 18,116 100.0 48.8 2.9 4.2 15.2 2.6 3.7 2.3 14.0 1.3 0.0 4.9 

Palau 24 100.0 -- -- -- -- -- 100.0 -- -- -- -- -- 

Pennsylvania 36,536 100.0 36.2 6.8 6.5 8.1 4.0 10.7 7.1 7.9 1.6 0.6 10.5 

Puerto Rico 7,731 100.0 27.6 30.0 2.9 0.3 0.6 4.5 21.3 1.0 7.1 -- 4.7 

Rhode Island 6,390 100.0 43.5 3.8 5.1 9.5 0.2 22.8 8.5 4.4 0.5 0.2 1.7 

South Carolina 9,648 100.0 54.9 3.3 10.4 1.5 3.0 3.6 14.2 -- -- -- 9.1 

South Dakota 2,785 100.0 13.8 12.9 2.7 18.6 1.8 4.3 12.7 21.1 0.3 -- 11.9 

Tennessee 12,903 100.0 18.5 4.7 3.1 43.3 2.0 6.5 7.4 5.1 1.8 0.2 7.5 

Texas 47,379 100.0 25.9 7.4 4.7 11.5 7.2 4.2 6.3 14.5 1.2 0.1 17.0 

Utah 11,650 100.0 43.6 3.8 2.1 21.9 1.8 3.2 1.8 11.7 0.2 -- 9.8 

Vermont 2,577 100.0 5.3 2.3 4.8 55.1 19.1 3.1 6.6 -- 2.4 1.4 -- 

Virgin Islands 86 100.0 -- 20.9 -- -- -- -- -- 79.1 -- -- -- 

Virginia 20,888 100.0 14.4 1.7 10.1 37.3 5.4 2.5 4.5 3.0 0.2 -- 21.0 

Washington 31,953 100.0 54.3 3.7 3.7 5.5 7.1 10.3 3.6 4.2 0.1 0.7 6.8 

West Virginia 4,658 100.0 15.9 10.6 -- 48.4 3.5 14.8 1.6 3.0 0.2 -- 2.2 

Wisconsin 18,916 100.0 29.3 3.9 1.5 23.5 9.3 13.6 3.7 5.6 1.4 1.6 6.6 

Wyoming 1,709 100.0 30.0 1.8 3.0 27.6 7.1 10.4 7.6 2.3 -- -- 10.1 

63

Table 5.7

Substance abuse treatment clients by organizational setting, according to State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998

Organizational setting 1

Specialty substance

abuse treatment

Percent distribution

1

 See Appendix B for a discussion of assignment of organizational setting.

2

 Facilities operated by Federal agencies are included in the States in which the facilities are located.

-- Quantity is zero.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.

Page 2 of 2
 

 

 

Total

Nonintensive Intensive Detox Rehab Detox Rehab Detox TotalNonintensive Intensive Detox Rehab Detox Rehab Detox

Total 1,038,378 686,730 198,355 30,713 100,325 7,636 8,302 6,317 100.0 66.1 19.1 3.0 9.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 

Alabama 8,933 2,858 3,843 332 1,792 21 26 61 100.0 32.0 43.0 3.7 20.1 0.2 0.3 0.7 

Alaska 2,915 1,843 660 62 315 27 4 4 100.0 63.2 22.6 2.1 10.8 0.9 0.1 0.1 

Arizona 19,804 11,753 5,635 440 1,678 112 121 65 100.0 59.3 28.5 2.2 8.5 0.6 0.6 0.3 

Arkansas 7,006 1,867 4,245 146 551 112 41 44 100.0 26.6 60.6 2.1 7.9 1.6 0.6 0.6 

California 126,340 79,746 22,328 6,142 16,188 819 639 478 100.0 63.1 17.7 4.9 12.8 0.6 0.5 0.4 

Colorado 24,079 20,214 2,212 209 1,075 274 51 44 100.0 83.9 9.2 0.9 4.5 1.1 0.2 0.2 

Connecticut 16,037 10,758 2,786 578 1,445 129 202 139 100.0 67.1 17.4 3.6 9.0 0.8 1.3 0.9 

Delaware 3,767 2,016 1,152 89 464 37 4 5 100.0 53.5 30.6 2.4 12.3 1.0 0.1 0.1 

Dist. of Columbia 6,499 2,426 2,100 1,171 586 97 34 85 100.0 37.3 32.3 18.0 9.0 1.5 0.5 1.3 

Fed. of Micronesia 64 38 25 -- -- -- -- 1 100.0 59.4 39.1 -- -- -- -- 1.6 

Florida 45,591 26,068 11,209 736 6,346 358 243 631 100.0 57.2 24.6 1.6 13.9 0.8 0.5 1.4 

Georgia 15,775 8,456 4,905 583 1,269 193 147 222 100.0 53.6 31.1 3.7 8.0 1.2 0.9 1.4 

Guam 445 -- 445 -- -- -- -- -- 100.0 -- 100.0 -- -- -- -- -- 

Hawaii 3,012 1,341 1,203 69 385 6 4 4 100.0 44.5 39.9 2.3 12.8 0.2 0.1 0.1 

Idaho 2,896 1,923 739 2 136 20 34 42 100.0 66.4 25.5 0.1 4.7 0.7 1.2 1.5 

Illinois 45,872 31,155 10,279 643 3,189 185 261 160 100.0 67.9 22.4 1.4 7.0 0.4 0.6 0.3 

Indiana 16,855 10,261 4,882 225 1,019 46 235 187 100.0 60.9 29.0 1.3 6.0 0.3 1.4 1.1 

Iowa 7,287 4,605 1,476 129 965 17 68 27 100.0 63.2 20.3 1.8 13.2 0.2 0.9 0.4 

Kansas 8,951 6,385 1,399 72 955 56 71 13 100.0 71.3 15.6 0.8 10.7 0.6 0.8 0.1 

Kentucky 14,656 12,422 1,058 149 713 59 149 106 100.0 84.8 7.2 1.0 4.9 0.4 1.0 0.7 

Louisiana 16,991 7,846 7,595 137 1,124 124 101 64 100.0 46.2 44.7 0.8 6.6 0.7 0.6 0.4 

Maine 8,577 7,703 489 35 273 20 31 26 100.0 89.8 5.7 0.4 3.2 0.2 0.4 0.3 

Maryland 23,960 17,226 4,426 442 1,638 74 117 37 100.0 71.9 18.5 1.8 6.8 0.3 0.5 0.2 

Massachusetts 42,508 34,008 2,866 1,731 2,850 567 176 310 100.0 80.0 6.7 4.1 6.7 1.3 0.4 0.7 

Michigan 48,963 40,045 5,010 902 2,552 81 247 126 100.0 81.8 10.2 1.8 5.2 0.2 0.5 0.3 

Minnesota 10,403 4,597 2,918 96 2,126 128 410 128 100.0 44.2 28.0 0.9 20.4 1.2 3.9 1.2 

Mississippi 8,877 5,943 1,177 18 1,249 46 306 138 100.0 66.9 13.3 0.2 14.1 0.5 3.4 1.6 

Missouri 17,596 9,809 4,602 260 2,449 224 135 117 100.0 55.7 26.2 1.5 13.9 1.3 0.8 0.7 

Montana 2,470 1,918 389 2 130 8 13 10 100.0 77.7 15.7 0.1 5.3 0.3 0.5 0.4 

Nebraska 5,515 4,092 518 35 596 71 198 5 100.0 74.2 9.4 0.6 10.8 1.3 3.6 0.1 

 

See notes at end of table.

State or

jurisdiction 1

Outpatient Outpatient

Number of clients

Type of care

Percent distribution

64

Table 5.8

Substance abuse treatment clients by type of care, according to State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998

Residential Hosp. inpatient Residential Hosp. inpatient

Page 1 of 2
 

 

Total

Nonintensive Intensive Detox Rehab Detox Rehab Detox TotalNonintensive Intensive Detox Rehab Detox Rehab Detox

Nevada 7,962 5,998 839 530 457 53 37 48 100.0 75.3 10.5 6.7 5.7 0.7 0.5 0.6 

New Hampshire 3,374 2,378 322 30 416 16 123 89 100.0 70.5 9.5 0.9 12.3 0.5 3.6 2.6 

New Jersey 24,666 13,509 4,370 4,507 1,659 28 457 136 100.0 54.8 17.7 18.3 6.7 0.1 1.9 0.6 

New Mexico 10,304 5,877 3,012 367 543 358 78 69 100.0 57.0 29.2 3.6 5.3 3.5 0.8 0.7 

New York 115,870 81,284 19,405 2,874 9,988 470 1,037 812 100.0 70.2 16.7 2.5 8.6 0.4 0.9 0.7 

North Carolina 25,358 19,751 3,543 187 1,216 184 320 157 100.0 77.9 14.0 0.7 4.8 0.7 1.3 0.6 

North Dakota 3,011 1,068 612 412 401 408 78 32 100.0 35.5 20.3 13.7 13.3 13.6 2.6 1.1 

Ohio 42,490 30,093 8,142 324 3,513 172 106 140 100.0 70.8 19.2 0.8 8.3 0.4 0.2 0.3 

Oklahoma 8,750 6,232 984 28 1,236 86 148 36 100.0 71.2 11.2 0.3 14.1 1.0 1.7 0.4 

Oregon 18,116 10,968 5,832 124 1,044 103 11 34 100.0 60.5 32.2 0.7 5.8 0.6 0.1 0.2 

Palau 24 -- 22 -- -- -- -- 2 100.0 -- 91.7 -- -- -- -- 8.3 

Pennsylvania 36,536 24,162 4,898 1,210 5,207 377 401 281 100.0 66.1 13.4 3.3 14.3 1.0 1.1 0.8 

Puerto Rico 7,731 3,899 424 563 2,536 261 11 37 100.0 50.4 5.5 7.3 32.8 3.4 0.1 0.5 

Rhode Island 6,390 4,816 656 482 355 54 -- 27 100.0 75.4 10.3 7.5 5.6 0.8 -- 0.4 

South Carolina 9,648 7,428 1,227 130 373 225 118 147 100.0 77.0 12.7 1.3 3.9 2.3 1.2 1.5 

South Dakota 2,785 1,380 909 -- 381 63 50 2 100.0 49.6 32.6 -- 13.7 2.3 1.8 0.1 

Tennessee 12,903 8,370 2,206 830 1,192 95 115 95 100.0 64.9 17.1 6.4 9.2 0.7 0.9 0.7 

Texas 47,379 24,945 9,406 1,280 10,572 238 632 306 100.0 52.6 19.9 2.7 22.3 0.5 1.3 0.6 

Utah 11,650 8,438 1,735 160 1,104 72 112 29 100.0 72.4 14.9 1.4 9.5 0.6 1.0 0.2 

Vermont 2,577 2,031 367 107 56 6 -- 10 100.0 78.8 14.2 4.2 2.2 0.2 -- 0.4 

Virgin Islands 86 68 -- -- 18 -- -- -- 100.0 79.1 -- -- 20.9 -- -- -- 

Virginia 20,888 15,245 3,839 359 955 197 133 160 100.0 73.0 18.4 1.7 4.6 0.9 0.6 0.8 

Washington 31,953 20,535 8,864 499 1,685 202 121 47 100.0 64.3 27.7 1.6 5.3 0.6 0.4 0.1 

West Virginia 4,658 3,532 393 171 333 21 11 197 100.0 75.8 8.4 3.7 7.1 0.5 0.2 4.2 

Wisconsin 18,916 14,253 3,411 44 921 35 111 141 100.0 75.3 18.0 0.2 4.9 0.2 0.6 0.7 

Wyoming 1,709 1,148 366 60 106 1 24 4 100.0 67.2 21.4 3.5 6.2 0.1 1.4 0.2 

State or

jurisdiction 1 Number of clients Percent distribution

65

Table 5.8

Substance abuse treatment clients by type of care, according to State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998

Type of care

Outpatient Residential Hosp. inpatient Outpatient Residential Hosp. inpatient

1

 Facilities operated by Federal agencies are included in the States in which the facilities are located.

-- Quantity is zero.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.

Page 2 of 2
 

 

State or

jurisdiction 2 Clients

Designated 

beds

Utilization 

rate (%)

No. of 

facilities Clients

Designated 

beds

Utilization 

rate (%)

No. of 

facilities Clients

Designated 

beds

Utilization 

rate (%)

Total 120,819 153,519 78.7 3,112 107,399 128,598 83.5 960 13,420 24,921 53.9 

Alabama 1,882 2,179 86.4 25 1,813 2,003 90.5 9 69 176 39.2 

Alaska 350 493 71.0 22 342 457 74.8 1 8 36 22.2 

Arizona 1,976 2,491 79.3 49 1,790 2,163 82.8 11 186 328 56.7 

Arkansas 694 954 72.7 26 613 763 80.3 9 81 191 42.4 

California 18,051 21,318 84.7 496 17,001 19,653 86.5 61 1,050 1,665 63.1 

Colorado 1,394 1,689 82.5 34 1,299 1,510 86.0 12 95 179 53.1 

Connecticut 1,891 2,295 82.4 63 1,550 1,807 85.8 17 341 488 69.9 

Delaware 510 557 91.6 14 501 528 94.9 2 9 29 31.0 

Dist. of Columbia 740 1,018 72.7 16 633 868 72.9 6 107 150 71.3 

Fed. of Micronesia 1 1 100.0 -- -- -- -- 1 1 1 100.0 

Florida 7,156 8,846 80.9 178 6,648 8,078 82.3 35 508 768 66.1 

Georgia 1,823 2,602 70.1 53 1,462 1,750 83.5 37 361 852 42.4 

Guam -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Hawaii 352 454 77.5 14 344 442 77.8 2 8 12 66.7 

Idaho 200 520 38.5 14 156 412 37.9 5 44 108 40.7 

Illinois 3,692 4,521 81.7 83 3,298 3,774 87.4 37 394 747 52.7 

Indiana 1,484 2,400 61.8 37 1,063 1,439 73.9 45 421 961 43.8 

Iowa 1,050 1,331 78.9 29 956 1,118 85.5 10 94 213 44.1 

Kansas 1,095 1,330 82.3 31 1,011 1,183 85.5 8 84 147 57.1 

Kentucky 1,027 1,473 69.7 32 772 888 86.9 25 255 585 43.6 

Louisiana 1,413 1,938 72.9 49 1,248 1,493 83.6 19 165 445 37.1 

Maine 350 518 67.6 20 293 449 65.3 6 57 69 82.6 

Maryland 1,852 2,556 72.5 60 1,698 2,197 77.3 11 154 359 42.9 

Massachusetts 3,807 4,592 82.9 121 3,325 3,756 88.5 35 482 836 57.7 

Michigan 3,003 3,905 76.9 80 2,633 3,249 81.0 25 370 656 56.4 

Minnesota 2,792 3,845 72.6 95 2,254 2,886 78.1 25 538 959 56.1 

Mississippi 1,739 2,338 74.4 39 1,295 1,693 76.5 18 444 645 68.8 

Missouri 2,859 3,526 81.1 61 2,637 3,038 86.8 21 222 488 45.5 

Montana 158 247 64.0 5 138 167 82.6 4 20 80 25.0 

Nebraska 870 1,117 77.9 32 667 910 73.3 4 203 207 98.1 

 

See notes at end of table.

66

Table 5.9

Substance abuse treatment facilities with residential or hospital inpatient beds designated for substance abuse treatment,1 

by State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998 

Residential and hospital inpatients Residential Hospital inpatient

Page 1 of 2
 

 

State or

jurisdiction2 Clients

Designated 

beds

Utilization 

rate (%)

No. of 

facilities Clients

Designated 

beds

Utilization 

rate (%)

No. of 

facilities Clients

Designated 

beds

Utilization 

rate (%)

Nevada 593 770 77.0 15 510 616 82.8 8 83 154 53.9 

New Hampshire 636 936 67.9 17 432 547 79.0 11 204 389 52.4 

New Jersey 2,280 2,842 80.2 44 1,687 2,030 83.1 19 593 812 73.0 

New Mexico 1,047 1,259 83.2 23 901 991 90.9 13 146 268 54.5 

New York 12,169 15,251 79.8 250 10,458 12,220 85.6 88 1,711 3,031 56.5 

North Carolina 1,812 2,502 72.4 56 1,400 1,743 80.3 32 412 759 54.3 

North Dakota 917 721 127.2 10 807 540 149.4 7 110 181 60.8 

Ohio 3,931 5,130 76.6 126 3,685 4,512 81.7 36 246 618 39.8 

Oklahoma 1,501 2,346 64.0 46 1,319 1,899 69.5 15 182 447 40.7 

Oregon 1,192 1,623 73.4 45 1,147 1,488 77.1 5 45 135 33.3 

Palau 2 6 -- -- -- -- -- 1 2 6 33.3 

Pennsylvania 6,260 7,535 83.1 139 5,584 6,599 84.6 35 676 936 72.2 

Puerto Rico 2,845 3,742 76.0 36 2,797 3,648 76.7 2 48 94 51.1 

Rhode Island 434 460 94.3 20 409 433 94.5 2 25 27 92.6 

South Carolina 708 940 75.3 20 598 578 103.5 13 110 362 30.4 

South Dakota 496 677 73.3 17 444 619 71.7 2 52 58 89.7 

Tennessee 1,477 2,492 59.3 46 1,279 2,093 61.1 17 198 399 49.6 

Texas 11,717 14,171 82.7 179 10,794 12,383 87.2 53 923 1,788 51.6 

Utah 1,275 1,614 79.0 29 1,176 1,476 79.7 9 99 138 71.7 

Vermont 72 99 72.7 6 62 89 69.7 1 10 10 100.0 

Virgin Islands 18 18 100.0 1 18 18 100.0 -- -- -- -- 

Virginia 1,430 1,956 73.1 44 1,148 1,387 82.8 27 282 569 49.6 

Washington 2,053 2,446 83.9 54 1,887 2,117 89.1 14 166 329 50.5 

West Virginia 412 830 49.6 25 354 490 72.2 11 58 340 17.1 

Wisconsin 1,198 1,874 63.9 77 956 1,255 76.2 34 242 619 39.1 

Wyoming 133 225 59.1 9 107 153 69.9 4 26 72 36.1 

67

Table 5.9

Substance abuse treatment facilities with residential or hospital inpatient beds designated for substance abuse treatment,1 

by State or jurisdiction: October 1, 1998 

Residential and hospital inpatients Residential Hospital inpatient

1

 This table is based on facilities reporting both clients and number of beds designated for substance abuse treatment. Of 3,134 facilities reporting residential 

clients, 3,112 (99%) reported number of beds designated for substance abuse treatment. Of 1,013 facilities reporting hospital inpatient clients, 960 (95%) reported 

number of beds designated for substance abuse treatment. A change in questionnaire wording from "available beds" in 1997 to "designated beds" in 1998 may 

have affected reporting in 1998.

2

 Facilities operated by Federal agencies are included in the States in which the facilities are located.

-- Quantity is zero.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.

Page 2 of 2
 .00 

 

Total Methadone LAAM Total Methadone LAAM

Number Percent

Total 811 100.0 192,739 77.3 149,030 145,610 3,420 100.0 97.7 2.3 

Alabama 11 1.4 1,945 90.9 1,768 1,741 27 100.0 98.5 1.5 

Alaska 1 0.1 59 81.4 48 48 -- 100.0 100.0 -- 

Arizona 22 2.7 3,209 95.6 3,068 2,934 134 100.0 95.6 4.4 

Arkansas 2 0.2 233 100.0 233 228 5 100.0 97.9 2.1 

California 111 13.7 24,551 90.8 22,295 21,595 700 100.0 96.9 3.1 

Colorado 8 1.0 4,631 43.2 2,002 1,960 42 100.0 97.9 2.1 

Connecticut 23 2.8 5,536 89.1 4,930 4,868 62 100.0 98.7 1.3 

Delaware 1 0.1 366 21.3 78 78 -- 100.0 100.0 -- 

Dist. of Columbia 8 1.0 2,222 93.3 2,073 2,063 10 100.0 99.5 0.5 

Fed. of Micronesia -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Florida 26 3.2 8,949 51.3 4,587 4,525 62 100.0 98.6 1.4 

Georgia 14 1.7 2,178 72.8 1,586 1,563 23 100.0 98.5 1.5 

Guam -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Hawaii 3 0.4 370 96.2 356 310 46 100.0 87.1 12.9 

Idaho -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Illinois 40 4.9 12,442 57.1 7,110 7,053 57 100.0 99.2 0.8 

Indiana 6 0.7 998 76.1 759 560 199 100.0 73.8 26.2 

Iowa 2 0.2 270 82.2 222 220 2 100.0 99.1 0.9 

Kansas 4 0.5 528 100.0 528 528 -- 100.0 100.0 -- 

Kentucky 6 0.7 623 85.4 532 479 53 100.0 90.0 10.0 

Louisiana 12 1.5 1,755 79.9 1,403 1,373 30 100.0 97.9 2.1 

Maine 2 0.2 313 100.0 313 313 -- 100.0 100.0 -- 

Maryland 37 4.6 6,758 79.8 5,391 5,341 50 100.0 99.1 0.9 

Massachusetts 40 4.9 12,650 67.1 8,489 8,432 57 100.0 99.3 0.7 

Michigan 29 3.6 7,059 90.9 6,416 6,255 161 100.0 97.5 2.5 

Minnesota 12 1.5 2,154 71.4 1,539 1,471 68 100.0 95.6 4.4 

Mississippi 1 0.1 31 22.6 7 7 -- 100.0 100.0 -- 

Missouri 8 1.0 1,051 95.5 1,004 1,004 -- 100.0 100.0 -- 

Montana -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Nebraska 2 0.2 197 96.4 190 190 -- 100.0 100.0 -- 

See notes at end of table.

68

Table 5.10

Facilities dispensing opioid substitutes and substance abuse treatment clients receiving opioid substitutes, by State or 

jurisdiction: October 1, 1998 

Clients receiving opioid substitutes (methadone or LAAM)

Number Percent distribution

Facilities

Facilities dispensing opioid substitutes

Percent 

receiving 

opioid 

substitutes

State or

jurisdiction 1

Total

clients

Page 1 of 2
 

Total Methadone LAAM Total Methadone LAAM

Number Percent

Nevada 7 0.9 1,958 90.3 1,768 1,766 2 100.0 99.9 0.1 

New Hampshire 3 0.4 179 7.3 13 13 -- 100.0 100.0 -- 

New Jersey 26 3.2 7,730 86.8 6,708 6,679 29 100.0 99.6 0.4 

New Mexico 8 1.0 1,749 58.0 1,015 1,000 15 100.0 98.5 1.5 

New York 173 21.3 41,266 92.8 38,275 37,392 883 100.0 97.7 2.3 

North Carolina 11 1.4 3,951 34.6 1,367 1,358 9 100.0 99.3 0.7 

North Dakota 1 0.1 47 2.1 1 1 -- 100.0 100.0 -- 

Ohio 13 1.6 4,338 37.6 1,630 1,578 52 100.0 96.8 3.2 

Oklahoma 3 0.4 614 68.1 418 405 13 100.0 96.9 3.1 

Oregon 8 1.0 1,957 90.3 1,768 1,652 116 100.0 93.4 6.6 

Palau -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Pennsylvania 31 3.8 6,687 73.7 4,929 4,820 109 100.0 97.8 2.2 

Puerto Rico 2 0.2 175 87.4 153 153 -- 100.0 100.0 -- 

Rhode Island 8 1.0 1,854 83.2 1,543 1,516 27 100.0 98.3 1.7 

South Carolina 4 0.5 970 70.0 679 651 28 100.0 95.9 4.1 

South Dakota -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Tennessee 7 0.9 2,663 67.1 1,786 1,786 -- 100.0 100.0 -- 

Texas 42 5.2 6,615 74.1 4,901 4,752 149 100.0 97.0 3.0 

Utah 6 0.7 1,148 69.8 801 752 49 100.0 93.9 6.1 

Vermont -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 

Virgin Islands 1 0.1 68 38.2 26 26 -- 100.0 100.0 -- 

Virginia 11 1.4 2,587 42.2 1,093 1,083 10 100.0 99.1 0.9 

Washington 10 1.2 3,721 66.6 2,477 2,336 141 100.0 94.3 5.7 

West Virginia 1 0.1 8 12.5 1 1 -- 100.0 100.0 -- 

Wisconsin 3 0.4 1,200 62.5 750 750 -- 100.0 100.0 -- 

Wyoming 1 0.1 176 0.6 1 1 -- 100.0 100.0 -- 

 - - - - 0 0 0 - - -

 

 

 

 

 

 

Table 5.10

Facilities dispensing opioid substitutes and substance abuse treatment clients receiving opioid substitutes, by State or 

jurisdiction: October 1, 1998 

Facilities dispensing opioid substitutes Clients receiving opioid substitutes (methadone or LAAM)

Number Percent distribution

State or

jurisdiction 1

69

Facilities

Total

clients

Percent 

receiving 

opioid 

substitutes

1

 Facilities operated by Federal agencies are included in the States in which the facilities are located.

-- Quantity is zero.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 

1998.

Page 2 of 2
 

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Total 13,455 170 1.3 5,987 44.5 

Alabama 110 1 0.9 24 21.8 Montana 58 -- -- 10 17.2 

Alaska 73 2 2.7 16 21.9 Nebraska 113 2 1.8 51 45.1 

Arizona 212 4 1.9 87 41.0 Nevada 96 1 1.0 29 30.2 

Arkansas 75 -- -- 24 32.0 New Hampshire 77 -- -- 40 51.9 

California 1,462 26 1.8 340 23.3 New Jersey 314 1 0.3 142 45.2 

Colorado 221 5 2.3 91 41.2 New Mexico 124 3 2.4 37 29.8 

Connecticut 253 3 1.2 170 67.2 New York 1,235 5 0.4 705 57.1 

Delaware 46 1 2.2 25 54.3 North Carolina 271 3 1.1 104 38.4 

District of Columbia 60 1 1.7 16 26.7 North Dakota 51 -- -- 22 43.1 

Fed. of Micronesia 2 -- -- -- -- Ohio 552 6 1.1 232 42.0 

Florida 610 7 1.1 222 36.4 Oklahoma 161 1 0.6 49 30.4 

Georgia 227 3 1.3 63 27.8 Oregon 194 2 1.0 123 63.4 

Guam 1 -- -- -- -- Palau 1 -- -- -- -- 

Hawaii 73 -- -- 30 41.1 Pennsylvania 544 3 0.6 377 69.3 

Idaho 58 -- -- 18 31.0 Puerto Rico 132 7 5.3 6 4.5 

Illinois 557 5 0.9 260 46.7 Rhode Island 65 -- -- 46 70.8 

Indiana 313 4 1.3 187 59.7 South Carolina 79 3 3.8 42 53.2 

Iowa 123 2 1.6 94 76.4 South Dakota 64 1 1.6 14 21.9 

Kansas 178 1 0.6 89 50.0 Tennessee 211 -- -- 145 68.7 

Kentucky 259 3 1.2 85 32.8 Texas 673 8 1.2 193 28.7 

Louisiana 172 1 0.6 37 21.5 Utah 137 4 2.9 37 27.0 

Maine 162 -- -- 79 48.8 Vermont 46 -- -- 31 67.4 

Maryland 346 6 1.7 162 46.8 Virgin Islands 3 -- -- -- -- 

Massachusetts 370 6 1.6 220 59.5 Virginia 209 3 1.4 105 50.2 

Michigan 642 8 1.2 391 60.9 Washington 331 8 2.4 166 50.2 

Minnesota 283 9 3.2 164 58.0 West Virginia 81 1 1.2 44 54.3 

Mississippi 93 2 2.2 19 20.4 Wisconsin 347 4 1.2 192 55.3 

Missouri 259 3 1.2 112 43.2 Wyoming 46 1 2.2 20 43.5 

Table 5.11

Substance abuse treatment facilities owned or operated by a managed care firm, or with managed care contracts, by State or jurisdiction: 

October 1, 1998

70 

Owned or operated 

by managed care 

Managed care 

contract(s)

All 

facilities

State or 

jurisdiction 1

State or 

jurisdiction 1

All 

facilities

Owned or operated by 

managed care firm

Managed care 

contract(s)

1

 Facilities operated by Federal agencies are included in the States in which the facilities are located.

-- Quantity is zero.

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) survey, October 1, 1998.
71

APPENDIX A

UFDS 1998 QUESTIONNAIRE

T

his Appendix contains a complete copy of

the 1998 UFDS questionnaire that was sent

by mail to all facilities. As noted in Chapter 1,

78 percent of the 13,455 responding treatment

facilities completed this version of the questionnaire.

A slightly abbreviated version of the mail questionnaire was administered by telephone to

those facilities that, after the repeated followup

efforts detailed in Chapter 1, had not completed

the survey. The telephone interview was conducted using computer-assisted telephone

interviewing (CATI). A printed version of the

CATI interview is not included here because it

contains embedded instructions and skip patterns that make it difficult to read. 

The CATI interview included all itemsfrom the

mail survey except the detailed checklist of

substance abuse services (Question 7). However, the section of this checklist concerning

programs for special groups (items 30-34 and

61) was asked of telephone respondents.
72
UNIFORM FACILITY DATA SET (UFDS)

OCTOBER 1, 1998

DRUG AND ALCOHOL SERVICES INFORMATION SYSTEM (DASIS)

P T O A (Office Use Only)

 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services FORM APPROVED:

 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

OMB No: 0930-0106

APPROVAL EXPIRES: 8/31/99

Is the information shown above complete and correct?

1 ~ Yes

2 ~ No L PLEASE CROSS OUT THE INCORRECT INFORMATION AND

ENTER THE CORRECT INFORMATION

PLEASE READ BEFORE TURNING THE PAGE!

It is now possible for every facility to complete at least some portion of the questionnaire--even

if an administrative unit or parent facility has answered for you in the past. Begin at Q1 and

follow the instructions.
Why is completing this questionnaire important?

Your participation makes a difference. The UFDS survey is the ONLY source of

data on ALL known substance abuse treatment and prevention programs in the

nation. When substance abuse policy makers and program managers need upto-date national information on characteristics of substance abuse programs and

the numbers and types of clients served, they rely on the UFDS. UFDS data are

used to formulate the Nation’s annual drug control strategy and to make many

other important decisions regarding substance abuse policy.

This survey is sponsored by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services

Administration (SAMHSA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Instructions

C The reference date for UFDS is October 1, 1998.

C Return the completed questionnaire in the envelope provided.

If you have any questions concerning this questionnaire, or if you need 

additional blank forms, contact:

MATHEMATICA POLICY RESEARCH, INC.

1-888-324-UFDS (8337)

Public burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 50 minutes per response for treatment providers and 3 minutes per response for nontreatment providers (e.g.,

prevention and education), including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing

the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden,

to SAMHSA Reports Clearance Officer; Room 16-105, Parklawn Building, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD 20857. An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not

required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. The OMB number for this project is 0930-0106.
1

1. On October 1, 1998, which of the following

substance abuse services were provided by

this facility, that is, the facility named on the

front cover?

Please report for only this location

MARK “YES” OR “NO” FOR EACH YES NO

a. Substance Abuse Treatment

(services that focus on initiating

and maintaining an individual’s

recovery from substance abuse

and on averting relapse) ........ . 1 ~ 2 ~

b. Detoxification Services ........ . 1 ~ 2 ~

c. Substance Abuse Prevention

(prevention activities directed at

individuals not identified to be in

need of treatment, such as

information dissemination or

education) ................... . 1 ~ 2 ~

d. Other Substance Abuse Services

(such as intake, assessment, and

referral) ..................... . 1 ~ 2 ~

e. Administrative Services

(such as billing, personnel, and

scheduling) .................. . 1 ~ 2 ~

1a. Did you answer “yes” to any of the services above?

1 ~ Yes ˆ SKIP TO Q2

2 ~ No

1b. When did this facility stop providing substance

abuse services? RECORD MONTH AND YEAR

MONTH:

YEAR: 19

SKIP TO Q38,

-1 ~ Don't know PAGE 10

0 ~ Never provided substance

abuse services

2. Who owns this facility?

MARK ONE ONLY

1 ~ A private-for-profit organization

2 ~ A private non-profit organization

3 ~ State government SKIP TO

4 ~ Local, county or community Q3

government

5 ~ Tribal government

6 ~ Federal government

2a. Which federal government agency?

MARK ONE ONLY

1 ~ Department of Veterans Affairs

2 ~ Department of Defense

3 ~ Bureau of Prisons

4 ~ Indian Health Service

5 ~ Other, (Specify:

_____________________________________)

3. Does this facility operate or participate in a hotline

that provides substance abuse counseling and

referral services?

911 is not considered a hotline

1 ~ Yes

2 ~ No ˆ SKIP TO Q4

3a. Please enter the facility’s hotline telephone

number(s) below.

HOTLINE TELEPHONE NUMBER(S)

(_______)-____________________

(_______)-____________________

4. Did you check “yes” to either “Substance Abuse

Treatment” or “Detoxification Services” in Q1?

1 ~ Yes

2 ~ No ˆ SKIP TO Q38, PAGE 10
2

HOSPITAL SETTING (may include an outpatient 

substance abuse unit on site)

SPECIALTY SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENTSETTINGS

OTHER SETTINGS

5. Which setting (or settings) BEST describes this

substance abuse treatment facility?

C Please report for only the facility named on the front

cover

1 ~ General hospital

2 ~ Psychiatric hospital

3 ~ Other specialized hospital (for example,

alcoholism, maternity, children’s, orthopedic)

4 ~ OUTPATIENT facility specializing in substance

abuse treatment

5 ~ Halfway House

6 ~ RESIDENTIAL (non-hospital) substance abuse

treatment facility

Does this residential facility include a Therapeutic

Community (TC)? A TC is a specific treatment

approach used by some residential facilities.

1 ~ Yes

2 ~ No

7 ~ Community MENTAL health center or other

mental health facility that provides a variety

of services

8 ~ Community Health Center, including Migrant

Health Center, Urban Indian Program, Health

Care for the Homeless Center

9 ~ School (elementary, secondary, college/university)

10 ~ Community or religious organization/agency

that provides a variety of social services

11 ~ Jail, prison or juvenile detention center

12 ~ Other criminal justice (TASC, pretrial diversion,

court referral, probation, parole, community

corrections, drug courts)

13 ~ Private practice—Group

14 ~ Private practice—Solo

15 ~ Other setting (specify type: ) 

6. Is this facility owned or operated by a managed

care organization (for example, an HMO)?

1 ~ Yes ˆ SKIP TO Q7, PAGE 3

2 ~ No

6a. On October 1, 1998, did this facility have letters

of agreement or contracts with managed care

organizations for providing substance abuse

treatment services?

1 ~ Yes, had formal written agreements or

contracts with managed care organizations

2 ~ No formal written agreements or

contracts with managed care

organizations GO TO Q7,

PAGE 3 

-1 ~ Don’t know

6b. With how many managed care organizations did

you have formal written agreements or contracts?

NUMBER:
3

7. As of October 1, 1998, which of these services were being provided at this facility?

MARK ALL THAT APPLY

Assessment Services

 1 ~ Comprehensive substance abuse

assessment/diagnosis

 2 ~ Comprehensive mental health assessment/

diagnosis (for example, psychological/

psychiatric evaluation and testing)

 3 ~ Other (Specify: )

Therapy

 4 ~ Family counseling

 5 ~ Group therapy, not including relapse prevention

 6 ~ Individual therapy

 7 ~ Pharmacotherapies/prescription medication

 8 ~ Relapse prevention groups

 9 ~ Other (Specify: )

Testing (Include testing service even if specimen is

sent to outside source for chemical analysis)

10 ~ Blood alcohol testing (including breathalyzer)

11 ~ Drug/alcohol urine screening

12 ~ Hair analysis

13 ~ Hepatitis testing

14 ~ HIV testing

15 ~ STD testing

16 ~ TB screening

17 ~ Other (Specify: )

Health Services

18 ~ Family planning

19 ~ Medical care (including physical exams)

20 ~ Prenatal care

21 ~ Perinatal care

22 ~ TB treatment

23 ~ Health education (for example, nutrition,

contagious diseases, STD other than HIV/AIDS)

24 ~ HIV/AIDS education/counseling/support

25 ~ Smoking cessation

26 ~ Other (Specify: )

Continuing Care

27 ~ Aftercare counseling

28 ~ Alumni(ae) groups

29 ~ Other (Specify: )

Special Programs for Target Populations

30 ~ Adolescents

31 ~ Dually-diagnosed (mental and substance

abuse disorders)

32 ~ Persons with HIV/AIDS

33 ~ Pregnant/Postpartum women

61 ~ Other women’s groups

34 ~ Other (Specify: )

Transitional Services

35 ~ Assistance with obtaining Social Services

(i.e., Medicaid, WIC, SSI, SSDI)

36 ~ Discharge planning

37 ~ Employment counseling/training

38 ~ Housing assistance

39 ~ Referral to other services

40 ~ Other (Specify: )

Community Outreach

41 ~ Drug and alcohol education

42 ~ Outreach/early intervention

43 ~ Media presentations (T.V., radio, brochures)

44 ~ Membership in a community partnership

program

45 ~ Other (Specify: )

Other Services

46 ~ Academic education/GED classes

47 ~ Acupuncture

48 ~ Case management services

49 ~ Child care

50 ~ Communication skills

52 ~ Domestic violence--family/partner violence

services (physical, sexual and emotional abuse)

53 ~ Home visits

54 ~ Life skills for independent living

55 ~ Outcome follow-up (post-discharge)

56 ~ Parenting/family skills development

57 ~ Self-help groups, including 12-step programs

58 ~ Socialization/recreational services (for example,

scheduled activities such as camping, sporting

events)

59 ~ Transportation assistance to treatment

60 ~ Other (Specify: )
4

,

,

8. On October 1, 1998, which of the following types

of substance abuse treatment were offered at this

facility?

MARK “YES” OR “NO” FOR EACH YES NO

a. Outpatient detoxification ........ . 1 ~ 2 ~

b. Intensive outpatient treatment .... . 1 ~ 2 ~

c. All other outpatient treatment .... . 1 ~ 2 ~

d. Hospital inpatient detoxification ... . 1 ~ 2 ~

e. Hospital inpatient rehabilitation ... . 1 ~ 2 ~

f. Non-hospital residential 

(24 hour care) detoxification ..... . 1 ~ 2 ~

g. Non-hospital residential

(24 hour care) rehabilitation ..... . 1 ~ 2 ~

9. On October 1, 1998, was this facility part of a

network of administratively-linked facilities that

provide substance abuse treatment?

1 ~ Yes

2 ~ No ˆ SKIP TO Q12

10. The next questions ask about the number of clients

treated at this facility on October 1, 1998. Which

statement below best describes your ability to

provide client count data for the facility named on

the front cover?

MARK ONE ONLY

1 ~ Can only provide client counts

that combine this facility with others ˆ GO TO Q11

2 ~ Can provide separate client counts

for this facility ˆ SKIP TO Q12

3 ~ Cannot provide any client counts for 

this facility; clients counts are only

available from another facility in the 

network ˆ RECORD NAME AND PHONE

NUMBER OF PERSON TO

CONTACT FOR CLIENT COUNTS

Name:

 

 SKIP TO

Phone: Q38,

 PAGE 10

 

11. How many facilities are included in the client data

you will be reporting?

NUMBER OF FACILITIES:

PLEASE MARKTHE FACILITIES COUNTED IN Q11ON THEYELLOW

NETWORK FACILITY SHEET INCLUDED IN YOUR QUESTIONNAIRE

PACKET. THEN RETURN TO Q12 AND ANSWER THE REST OF

THE QUESTIONNAIRE FOR THAT GROUP OF FACILITIES.

IF YOU DID NOT RECEIVE THE YELLOW NETWORK FACILITY

SHEET, CALL THEUFDS HOTLINE AT 1-888-324-UFDS(8337).

ONE WILL BE FAXED TO YOU IMMEDIATELY. UPON RECEIPT OF

THE FORM, FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS ABOVE.

12. 12 Month Unduplicated Client Count. In the

12 months between October 1, 1997 and

September 30, 1998, (or the most recent 12-month

period for which data are available), how many

individual clients received substance abuse

treatment at this facility?

C Count all clients who received any treatment during

the 12-month period, even if their treatment began

before that time

C Count each client only once

NUMBER:

13. 12 Month Admissions. During the 12 months

between October 1, 1997 and September 30, 1998

(or the most recent 12-month period for which

data are available), how many admissions for

substance abuse treatment were there at this

facility?

C If a client was admitted more than once during this

12-month period, count each time that person was

admitted. For example, if the same person was

admitted three times during the year, count this as

three admissions

C Moving to a different level of care also counts as an

admission

NUMBER:
5

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,

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,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

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,

,

,

,

,

,

,

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,

,

,

14. Were outpatient substance abuse treatment

services offered on October 1, 1998? (See Q8,

PAGE 4)

1 ~ Yes ˆ GO TO Q15 BELOW

2 ~ No ˆ SKIP TO Q18, PAGE 6

15. In the 30 days between September 1 and October 1,

1998, how many clients at this facility received the

following outpatient substance abuse treatment

services . . .

C Only count those still enrolled on October 1, 1998

C For each category with no clients, enter zero, “0”.

NUMBER

a. Outpatient detoxification . .

b. Intensive outpatient care (Include

persons who received services

for 2 or more hours per day

on 3 or more days per

week) .................

c. Other outpatient care

(excluding intensive) .....

d. TOTAL OUTPATIENTS

(add a, b, & c)

(Q15d) 

(IF Q15d EQUALS ZERO: SKIP TO Q18, PAGE 6)

16. On October 1, 1998, how many of the TOTAL

OUTPATIENTS reported in Q15d were receiving

methadone or LAAM at this location?

~ THIS FACILITY DOES NOT DISPENSE METHADONE OR

LAAM ! GO TO Q17

NUMBER

a. Methadone clients at

this location .............

b. LAAM clients at this

location ................

17. How many of the total outpatients in Q15d were in

each of the following gender, race/ethnicity, and

age categories?

C For each category with no clients, enter zero, “0”.

17a. GENDER

a. Male ........................

b. Female .....................

c. Don’t know ...................

TOTAL OUTPATIENTS (add a-c) ...

[Should equal the number in Q15d, if not please reconcile.]

17b. RACE/ETHNICITY

a. White .......................

b. Black or African American .......

c. Hispanic .....................

d. Asian or Pacific Islander ........

e. American Indian or Alaska Native.

f. Other .......................

g. Don’t know ...................

TOTAL OUTPATIENTS (add a-g) ...

[Should equal the number in Q15d, if not please reconcile.]

17c. AGE

a. Under 18 years ..............

b. 18-20 .....................

c. 21-24 .....................

d. 25-34 .....................

e. 35-44 .....................

f. 45-64 .....................

g. 65 and over .................

h. Don’t know .................

TOTAL OUTPATIENTS (add a-h) ...

[Should equal the number in Q15d, if not please reconcile.]
6

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,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

18. Were hospital inpatient substance abuse

treatment services offered on October 1, 1998?

(See Q8, PAGE 4)

1 ~ Yes ˆ GO TO Q19 BELOW

2 ~ No ˆ SKIP TO Q23, PAGE 7

19. On October 1, 1998, how many beds were

designated for hospital inpatient substance

abuse treatment clients? This is often referred

to as “maximum capacity.”

C Include both occupied beds and unoccupied beds

MAXIMUM CAPACITY:

20. On October 1, 1998, how many clients at this facility

received the following hospital inpatient substance

abuse treatment services . . .

C Do not count those discharged on October 1, 1998

C For each category with no clients, enter zero, “0”.

NUMBER

a. Hospital inpatient--

detoxification ............

b. Hospital inpatient--

rehabilitation ............

c. TOTAL INPATIENTS

(add a & b)

(Q20c) 

(IF Q20c EQUALS ZERO: SKIP TO Q23, PAGE 7)

21. On October 1, 1998, how many of the TOTAL

INPATIENTS reported in Q20c were receiving

methadone or LAAM at this location?

~ THIS FACILITY DOES NOT DISPENSE METHADONE

OR LAAM ! GO TO Q22

NUMBER

a. Methadone clients at

this location .............

b. LAAM clients at this

location ................

22. How many of the total hospital inpatients in Q20c

were in each of the following gender, race/ethnicity,

and age categories?

C For each category with no clients, enter zero, “0”.

22a. GENDER

a. Male ........................

b. Female .....................

c. Don’t know ...................

TOTAL INPATIENTS (add a-c) .....

[Should equal the number in Q20c, if not please reconcile.]

22b. RACE/ETHNICITY

a. White .......................

b. Black or African American .......

c. Hispanic .....................

d. Asian or Pacific Islander ........

e. American Indian or Alaska Native. .

f. Other .......................

g. Don’t know ...................

TOTAL INPATIENTS (add a-g) .....

[Should equal the number in Q20c, if not please reconcile.]

22c. AGE

a. Under 18 years ..............

b. 18-20 .....................

c. 21-24 .....................

d. 25-34 .....................

e. 35-44 .....................

f. 45-64 .....................

g. 65 and over .................

h. Don’t know .................

TOTAL INPATIENTS (add a-h) .....

[Should equal the number in Q20c, if not please reconcile.]
7

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

23. Were non-hospital residential substance abuse

treatment services offered on October 1, 1998?

(See Q8, PAGE 4)

1 ~ Yes ˆ GO TO Q24 BELOW

2 ~ No ˆ SKIP TO Q28, PAGE 8

24. On October 1, 1998, how many beds were

designated for non-hospital residential substance

abuse treatment clients? This is often referred

to as “maximum capacity.”

C Include both occupied beds and unoccupied beds

MAXIMUM CAPACITY:

25. On October 1, 1998, how many clients at this 

facility received the following non-hospital

residential (24-hour care) substance abuse

treatment services . . .

C Only count those not discharged on October 1,

1998

C For each category with no clients, enter zero, “0”.

NUMBER

a. Residential (24 hr)--

detoxification ............

b. Residential (24 hr)--

rehabilitation ............

c. TOTAL RESIDENTIAL

(add a & b) ...........

(Q25c) 

(IF Q25c EQUALS ZERO: SKIP TO Q28, PAGE 8)

26. On October 1, 1998, how many of the TOTAL

RESIDENTIAL clients reported in Q25c were

receiving methadone or LAAM at this location?

~ THIS FACILITY DOES NOT DISPENSE METHADONE

OR LAAM ! GO TO Q27

NUMBER

a. Methadone clients at

this location .............

b. LAAM clients at this

location ................

27. How many of the total residential clients in Q25c

were in each of the following gender, race/ethnicity,

and age categories?

C For each category with no clients, enter zero, “0”.

27a. GENDER

a. Male ........................

b. Female .....................

c. Don’t know ...................

TOTAL RESIDENTIAL CLIENTS

(add a-c) .......................

[Should equal the number in Q25c, if not please reconcile.]

27b. RACE/ETHNICITY

a. White .......................

b. Black or African American .......

c. Hispanic .....................

d. Asian or Pacific Islander ........

e. American Indian or Alaska Native. .

f. Other .......................

g. Don’t know ...................

TOTAL RESIDENTIAL CLIENTS

(add a-g) .......................

[Should equal the number in Q25c, if not please reconcile.]

27c. AGE

a. Under 18 years ..............

b. 18-20 .....................

c. 21-24 .....................

d. 25-34 .....................

e. 35-44 .....................

f. 45-64 .....................

g. 65 and over .................

h. Don’t know .................

TOTAL RESIDENTIAL CLIENTS

(add a-h) .......................

[Should equal the number in Q25c, if not please reconcile.]
8

**BASE THIS PERCENTAGE ON ALL CLIENTS, NOT ONLY THE FEMALE CLIENTS

28. Approximately what percent of all the substance abuse treatment clients enrolled at this facility on October 1,

1998 were being treated for:

~ THIS FACILITY HAD NO SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT CLIENTS ON OCTOBER 1, 1998: SKIP TO Q30, PAGE 9

C Include all substance abuse clients reported at Q15d (outpatients), Q20c (hospital inpatients), and Q25c

(non-hospital residential)

C Your response should add to 100 percent

a. Both Alcohol and Drug Abuse ............. .00%

b. Alcohol Abuse Only ..................... .00%

c. Drug Abuse Only ....................... .00%

100%

29. Approximately what percent of all the substance abuse treatment clients enrolled at this facility on October 1,

1998, were in the following categories:

C Include all substance abuse clients reported at Q15d (outpatients), Q20c (hospital inpatients), and Q25c

(non-hospital residential)

C Clients can be counted in more than one category

Don’t

Percent Or Know

a. Injection drug users at the time of admission ................................ % ~

b. Known to have an active case of Tuberculosis (TB) ........................... % ~

c. HIV positive .......................................................... % ~

d. Had previously received substance abuse treatment from this or another facility .... % ~

e. Covered by managed care arrangements ................................... % ~

f. Criminal justice referred clients (excluding DUI/DWI) .......................... % ~

g. Pregnant women** .................................................... % ~

h. Mothers with dependent children under 18 years old** ........................ % ~
9

$

** Unspecified: Only use if you are unable to distinguish between revenue from

managed care and non-managed care sources. DO NOT DOUBLE COUNT REVENUE.

*Should Equal Q30 Revenue

or Funding Amount

30. What was this facility’s total substance abuse treatment revenue or funding for the MOST RECENT 12-month

fiscal reporting period for which data are available? Include all sources such as client payments, insurance, 

government funds, and donations.

C If substance abuse treatment revenue is combined with other revenue, please provide your best estimate of the

substance abuse treatment portion

Total Substance Abuse Treatment Revenue or Funding:

31. From which of the following sources did this facility receive the substance abuse treatment revenue or funding

reported above? Mark Yes or No for each.

C Even if you cannot provide a revenue or funding total in Q30, please mark the sources and estimate percentages below

C If you marked category “6” (Federal government) in Q2, you should have revenues to report in category “e1” below

C FOR EACH SOURCE MARKED “YES”: Enter the dollar amount or estimated percentage of substance abuse treatment

revenue or funding received directly from that source

MARK

YES OR NO

FOR EACH

REVENUE SOURCES Yes No

DOLLAR

AMOUNT OR

ESTIMATED

PERCENT

a. Client payments (self-payment, deductibles, copayments) ........ . 1 ~ 2 ~ $ % 

b. Private health insurance

1. Fee-for-service (not HMO, PPO, or managed care) ........... . 1 ~ 2 ~ $ % 

2. HMO/PPO/Managed care payments ...................... . 1 ~ 2 ~ $ % 

3. Private health insurance, unspecified** ................... . 1 ~ 2 ~ $ % 

c. Medicaid

1. Not managed care--Title XIX, including all Federal,

State, and local matching Medicaid funds .................. . 1 ~ 2 ~ $ % 

2. Managed care payments--Title XIX, including all

Federal, State, and local matching Medicaid funds ........... . 1 ~ 2 ~ $ % 

3. Medicaid, unspecified** ................................ . 1 ~ 2 ~ $ % 

d. Medicare .............................................. . 1 ~ 2 ~ $ % 

e. Government funds

1. Federal (for example, VA, CHAMPUS--not

including Medicare) ................................... . 1 ~ 2 ~ $ % 

2. State--including Federal block grant funds funneled through

the State and any State-only medical assistance ............. . 1 ~ 2 ~ $ % 

3. Local--not including Medicaid ............................ . 1 ~ 2 ~ $ % 

f. Other public funds, source unspecified ....................... . 1 ~ 2 ~ $ % 

g. Other funds (such as funds from charities, donations, fundraising events) - (specify largest source: _________________) ... . 1 ~ 2 ~ $ % 

h. Unknown .............................................. . 1 ~ 2 ~ $ % 

TOTAL * 100%
10

32. What 12-month reporting period was used to

answer Q30?

~ DID NOT ANSWER Q30 ! SKIP TO Q35

FROM: 19 

 Month Year

TO: 19

 Month Year

33. Does Q30 report revenue or funding for only this

facility or for this facility and others?

1 ~ Only this facility ! SKIP TO Q37

2 ~ This facility and others

34. Are the facilities you included in Q30 the same

facilities you included in your client counts (Q11)?

1 ~ All of the facilities are the same

2 ~ Some of the facilities are the same SKIP TO

-1 ~ Don’t know Q37

35. Is there another organization that can provide the

revenue or funding information for your facility?

1 ~ Yes

2 ~ No ˆ SKIP TO Q37

36. Please provide the following information for that

organization.

Name of Organization 

Name of Contact Person 

Telephone (________) - 

Ext. (if any) 

37. In addition to funding received for providing

substance abuse treatment services, did you

receive any Federal or State funding earmarked for

prevention activities during the same 12-month

period reported in Q30 or your most recent fiscal

year?

1 ~ Yes

2 ~ No

-1 ~ Don’t Know

38. Please provide the following information about the

person primarily responsible for completing this

form.

Name: 

Telephone Number: (_______) - 

FAX Number: (________)-

OR ~ No FAX Number 

Internet Address: 

OR ~ No Internet Address

39. When completed, the 1998 National Directory of

Drug Abuse and Alcoholism Treatment and

Prevention Programs and the 1998 UFDS Data

Report will be available on SAMHSA’s home page at

www.samhsa.gov. If you would like to receive a

paper copy of the National Directory or the UFDS

Data Report, please indicate below.

1 ~ Yes, I would like to receive a copy of the Directory

2 ~ Yes, I would like to receive a copy of the 1998

UFDS Data Report

Thank you for your participation. Please return this questionnaire in the envelope

provided. If you no longer have the envelope, please mail this questionnaire to:

MATHEMATICA POLICY RESEARCH, INC.

ATTN: Barbara Rogers

P.O. Box 2393

Princeton, NJ 08543-2393
85

APPENDIX B

ORGANIZATIONAL SETTING

A

consistent goal of UFDS has been to identify treatment setting, a concept that is

subject to a variety of definitions and interpretations. Definitions of treatment setting generally

fall into three categories. A treatment setting

may be an organizationalsetting (e.g., a hospital

or mental health center). It may indicate a

treatment philosophy (e.g., social model or

therapeutic community). Finally, itmay indicate

living arrangements while in treatment (e.g.,

outpatient, residential, halfway house). These

different definitions are driven by the many

different needs of data users. For example,

treatment setting may be used by payers to set

rates, by treatment professionals to determine

levels of care, or by planners to determine

system needs.

UFDS planners have tried to incorporate data

elements that permit analysis of treatment

setting from different viewpoints. These data

elements have changed as the questionnaire has

evolved over time. In general, prior to 1995,

organizational setting was collected in a single

environment/location/setting question. Treatment philosophy and client living arrangement

were collected in client census matrices, which

cross-tabulated modality/type of care with

environment/facility location.In 1995, the client

census matrices were simplified to reduce the

reporting burden, and the environment/setting/

location question was expanded to recapture

information lost from the matrices.

In the 1998 UFDS survey, treatmentsetting was

collected in a single question (Question 5; see

Appendix A). Respondents were asked to select

which setting or settings best described the

facility. Options included:

! General hospital

! Psychiatric hospital

! Other specialized hospital

! Outpatient facility specializing in substance

abuse treatment

! Halfway house

! Residential (non-hospital) substance abuse

treatment facility

! Therapeutic community

! Community mental health center or other

mental health facility providing a variety of

services

! Community health center

! School

! Community or religious organization/agency providing a variety of social services

! Jail, prison, or juvenile detention center

! Other criminal justice

! Private practice - solo

! Private practice - group

! Other setting

This multiple listing, in conjunction with the

counts of clients in treatment by type of care,

was designed to permit flexibility in the definition and analysis of treatment setting. 

The definition of treatment setting used in this

report corresponds to that of organizational

setting. To present facility and client data by

organizationalsetting, it was necessary to assign

each facility to a single organizational setting

category. The organizationalsettings categories

used in the report are:
86

! Specialty substance abuse treatment

• Outpatient

• Residential (including halfway house,

therapeutic community)

• Outpatient and residential

! Community mental health center/Other

mental health facility

! Solo or group practice

! General hospital (including VA hospitals)

! Psychiatric or other specialized hospital

! Criminal justice

! Community or religious agency/organization

! Community health center

! Multiple or unknown settings

About two-thirds of the facilities selected a

single setting category. For those facilities

selecting multiple responses to the setting

question, assignment to a single organizational

setting category was completed following an

algorithm developed to place each facility into

its most logical setting category. For multiple

responses, setting categories were determined

first on the basis of whether a larger organizational affiliation was indicated. Thus facilities

indicating that they were set in a community

mental health center, community health center,

solo or group practice, the criminal justice

system, or community or religious agency/

organization were categorized as such. Facilities

not indicating such an affiliation were classified

as Specialty substance abuse treatment facilities. These were furthersubdivided according to

client living arrangement (outpatient, residential, or mixed outpatient and residential).

Facilities indicating more than one larger affiliation (such as both CMHC and community

health center) were classified as Mixed/Unknown. This category also included facilities

that indicated that they were schools, and those

that failed to specify a setting.

Appendix Table 1 provides counts of the multiple responses, and indicates the category to

which facilities were assigned for this report.
Organizational 

setting 

assigned

Outpatient 

SA 

treatment

Residential 

SA 

treatment

Halfway 

house

Therapeutic 

community

CMHC 

or 

other 

MH 

facil

Solo 

practice

Group 

practiceGenl 

hosp

Psych 

hosp

Other 

spec 

hosp

Jail, 

prison, 

juv ctr

Other 

criminal 

justice

Commun/ 

relig 

org

Commun 

health 

ctr School

No. of 

facilities

Total 7,431 1,547 765 1,275 2,667 832 997 1,228 512 600 445 851 660 248 354 13,455 

Specialty substance abuse treatment (outpatient) 3,720

X 3,720

Specialty substance abuse treatment (residential) 1,875

X 818

X 653

X 314

X X 54

X X 36

Specialty substance abuse treatment (outpatient and residential) 354

X X 163

X X 77

X X X 45

X X 40

X X X 29

Community mental health center or other mental health facility 2,004

X 1,186

X X 601

X X X 43

X X 41

X X X 22

X X 18

X X 15

X X X 14

X X X X 9

X X X 7

X X 5

X X 5

X X X 5

X X X X 5

X X X X 5

X X X 4

X X X X 3

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

See notes at end of table.

Appendix Table 1

Organizational setting: October 1, 1998 

87
Organizational 

setting 

assigned

Outpatient 

SA 

treatment

Residential 

SA 

treatment

Halfway 

house

Therapeutic 

community

CMHC 

or 

other 

MH 

facil

Solo 

practice

Group 

practiceGenl 

hosp

Psych 

hosp

Other 

spec 

hosp

Jail, 

prison, 

juv ctr

Other 

criminal 

justice

Commun/ 

relig 

org

Commun 

health 

ctr School

No. of 

facilities

Appendix Table 1

Organizational setting: October 1, 1998 

Solo or group practice 1,395

X X 306

X 298

X X 279

X 266

X X X 65

X X X 58

X X 24

X X X 19

X X X X 9

X X X X 8

X X 6

X X 4

X X X 4

X X 3

X X 3

X X X 3

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X 1

X X 1

X X 1

X X 1

X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

See notes at end of table.

88
Organizational 

setting 

assigned

Outpatient 

SA 

treatment

Residential 

SA 

treatment

Halfway 

house

Therapeutic 

community

CMHC 

or 

other 

MH 

facil

Solo 

practice

Group 

practiceGenl 

hosp

Psych 

hosp

Other 

spec 

hosp

Jail, 

prison, 

juv ctr

Other 

criminal 

justice

Commun/ 

relig 

org

Commun 

health 

ctr School

No. of 

facilities

Appendix Table 1

Organizational setting: October 1, 1998 

General hospital (including VA) 1,074

X 616

X X 306

X X X 60

X X 17

X X 16

X X X 15

X X 6

X X X 5

X X X 4

X X X X 3

X 2

X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

See notes at end of table.

89
Organizational 

setting 

assigned

Outpatient 

SA 

treatment

Residential 

SA 

treatment

Halfway 

house

Therapeutic 

community

CMHC 

or 

other 

MH 

facil

Solo 

practice

Group 

practiceGenl 

hosp

Psych 

hosp

Other 

spec 

hosp

Jail, 

prison, 

juv ctr

Other 

criminal 

justice

Commun/ 

relig 

org

Commun 

health 

ctr School

No. of 

facilities

Appendix Table 1

Organizational setting: October 1, 1998 

Psychiatric or other specialized hospital 802

X 199

X X 123

X X 91

X X 73

X X 50

X 45

X X X 33

X X X 31

X X X 21

X X 20

X X 9

X X 9

X X X 8

X X 6

X X X 6

X X X 6

X X X 6

X X X 5

X X X 4

X X X 4

X X X 4

X X X X 4

X X 3

X X X 3

X X X 3

X X X X 3

X X X X 3

X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X X 2

X X 1

X X 1

X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

See notes at end of table.

90
Organizational 

setting 

assigned

Outpatient 

SA 

treatment

Residential 

SA 

treatment

Halfway 

house

Therapeutic 

community

CMHC 

or 

other 

MH 

facil

Solo 

practice

Group 

practiceGenl 

hosp

Psych 

hosp

Other 

spec 

hosp

Jail, 

prison, 

juv ctr

Other 

criminal 

justice

Commun/ 

relig 

org

Commun 

health 

ctr School

No. of 

facilities

Appendix Table 1

Organizational setting: October 1, 1998 

Criminal justice 807

X 170

X X 138

X 66

X X 60

X X X 47

X X 39

X X 36

X X 25

X X 23

X X X 17

X X X X 15

X X X 13

X X 12

X X X 11

X X X 11

X X X 10

X X X X 9

X X 6

X X X X 6

X X X 5

X X X X 5

X X X X X 5

X X X 4

X X X X 4

X X X 3

X X X 3

X X X 3

X X X X 3

X X X X 3

X X X X 3

X X X X 3

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X X 2

X X X X X 2

X X X X X 2

X X X X X 2

X X 1

X X 1

X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

(Criminal justice continued on next page)

See notes at end of table.

91
Organizational 

setting 

assigned

Outpatient 

SA 

treatment

Residential 

SA 

treatment

Halfway 

house

Therapeutic 

community

CMHC 

or 

other 

MH 

facil

Solo 

practice

Group 

practiceGenl 

hosp

Psych 

hosp

Other 

spec 

hosp

Jail, 

prison, 

juv ctr

Other 

criminal 

justice

Commun/ 

relig 

org

Commun 

health 

ctr School

No. of 

facilities

Appendix Table 1

Organizational setting: October 1, 1998 

Criminal justice (continued)

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

Community or religious agency/organization 338

X 164

X X 101

X X 28

X X 22

X X X 6

X X X 5

X X X 5

X X 3

X X X 2

X X X 1

X X X X 1

Community health center 108

X 51

X X 38

X X 4

X X X 4

X X X X X 2

X X 1

X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X X 1

See notes at end of table.

92
Organizational 

setting 

assigned

Outpatient 

SA 

treatment

Residential 

SA 

treatment

Halfway 

house

Therapeutic 

community

CMHC 

or 

other 

MH 

facil

Solo 

practice

Group 

practiceGenl 

hosp

Psych 

hosp

Other 

spec 

hosp

Jail, 

prison, 

juv ctr

Other 

criminal 

justice

Commun/ 

relig 

org

Commun 

health 

ctr School

No. of 

facilities

Appendix Table 1

Organizational setting: October 1, 1998 

Multiple or unknown settings 978

 173

X X 58

X X X 38

X 31

X X X 25

X X 21

X X X 21

X X X X 20

X X X X 17

X X 15

X X X 15

X X X 14

X X X 12

X X X 12

X X X 10

X X X 9

X X X X 8

X X 7

X X 6

X X X 6

X X X 6

X X X X 6

X X X X 6

X X X X X 6

X X 5

X X X 5

X X X 5

X X X 5

X X X 5

X X 4

X X 4

X X 4

X X X 4

X X X 4

X X X 4

X X X 4

X X X 4

X X X 4

X X X 4

X X X X 4

X X X X 4

X X X X 4

X X X X X 4

X X X 3

X X X 3

X X X 3

X X X 3

X X X X 3

X X X X 3

X X X X 3

(Multiple or unknown settings continued on next page)

See notes at end of table.

93
Organizational 

setting 

assigned

Outpatient 

SA 

treatment

Residential 

SA 

treatment

Halfway 

house

Therapeutic 

community

CMHC 

or 

other 

MH 

facil

Solo 

practice

Group 

practiceGenl 

hosp

Psych 

hosp

Other 

spec 

hosp

Jail, 

prison, 

juv ctr

Other 

criminal 

justice

Commun/ 

relig 

org

Commun 

health 

ctr School

No. of 

facilities

Appendix Table 1

Organizational setting: October 1, 1998 

Multiple or unknown settings (continued)

X X X X 3

X X X X 3

X X X X 3

X X X X 3

X X X X 3

X X X X X 3

X X X X X 3

X X X X X 3

X X X X X 3

X X X X X X 3

X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X 2

X X X X X 2

X X X X X 2

X X X X X 2

X X X X X 2

(Multiple or unknown settings continued on next page)

See notes at end of table.

94
Organizational 

setting 

assigned

Outpatient 

SA 

treatment

Residential 

SA 

treatment

Halfway 

house

Therapeutic 

community

CMHC 

or 

other 

MH 

facil

Solo 

practice

Group 

practiceGenl 

hosp

Psych 

hosp

Other 

spec 

hosp

Jail, 

prison, 

juv ctr

Other 

criminal 

justice

Commun/ 

relig 

org

Commun 

health 

ctr School

No. of 

facilities

Appendix Table 1

Organizational setting: October 1, 1998 

Multiple or unknown settings (continued)

X X X X X 2

X X X X X 2

X X X X X 2

X X X X X 2

X X X X X X 2

X X X X X X 2

X X X X X X 2

X X 1

X X 1

X X 1

X X 1

X X 1

X X 1

X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

(Multiple or unknown settings continued on next page)

See notes at end of table.

95
Organizational 

setting 

assigned

Outpatient 

SA 

treatment

Residential 

SA 

treatment

Halfway 

house

Therapeutic 

community

CMHC 

or 

other 

MH 

facil

Solo 

practice

Group 

practiceGenl 

hosp

Psych 

hosp

Other 

spec 

hosp

Jail, 

prison, 

juv ctr

Other 

criminal 

justice

Commun/ 

relig 

org

Commun 

health 

ctr School

No. of 

facilities

Appendix Table 1

Organizational setting: October 1, 1998 

Multiple or unknown settings (continued)

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

(Multiple or unknown settings continued on next page)

See notes at end of table.

96
Organizational 

setting 

assigned

Outpatient 

SA 

treatment

Residential 

SA 

treatment

Halfway 

house

Therapeutic 

community

CMHC 

or 

other 

MH 

facil

Solo 

practice

Group 

practiceGenl 

hosp

Psych 

hosp

Other 

spec 

hosp

Jail, 

prison, 

juv ctr

Other 

criminal 

justice

Commun/ 

relig 

org

Commun 

health 

ctr School

No. of 

facilities

Appendix Table 1

Organizational setting: October 1, 1998 

Multiple or unknown settings (continued)

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

(Multiple or unknown settings continued on next page)

See notes at end of table.

97
Organizational 

setting 

assigned

Outpatient 

SA 

treatment

Residential 

SA 

treatment

Halfway 

house

Therapeutic 

community

CMHC 

or 

other 

MH 

facil

Solo 

practice

Group 

practiceGenl 

hosp

Psych 

hosp

Other 

spec 

hosp

Jail, 

prison, 

juv ctr

Other 

criminal 

justice

Commun/ 

relig 

org

Commun 

health 

ctr School

No. of 

facilities

Appendix Table 1

Organizational setting: October 1, 1998 

Multiple or unknown settings (continued)

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X 1

(Multiple or unknown settings continued on next page)

See notes at end of table.

98
Organizational 

setting 

assigned

Outpatient 

SA 

treatment

Residential 

SA 

treatment

Halfway 

house

Therapeutic 

community

CMHC 

or 

other 

MH 

facil

Solo 

practice

Group 

practiceGenl 

hosp

Psych 

hosp

Other 

spec 

hosp

Jail, 

prison, 

juv ctr

Other 

criminal 

justice

Commun/ 

relig 

org

Commun 

health 

ctr School

No. of 

facilities

Appendix Table 1

Organizational setting: October 1, 1998 

Multiple or unknown settings (continued)

X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X X X X 1

X X X X X X X X X X X X X 1

SOURCE: Office of Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS) 

survey, October 1, 1998.

99
100
101

APPENDIX C

REVENUE IMPUTATION METHODOLOGY

I

n the 1998 UFDS survey, 16 percent of facilities did not provide revenue data. For these

facilities, missing revenue was imputed using

the program PROC IMPUTE,1a regressionbased distributional estimation procedure. An

evaluation of imputation procedures used in the

1995 and 1996 UFDS indicated that, in a simulation study, PROC IMPUTE performed better

than the random within-class hot-deck procedure.2

PROC IMPUTE assumes that relations among

variables are constant for both observed and

missing cases. It considers each variable on the

file in turn as a target variable whose missing

values are to be filled in. The procedure uses

information on other variables to minimize the

error in imputing each target variable. For each

target variable, regression analysis is used to

find the best combination of predictors. Once

the regression models are constructed and

regression values are computed for all cases

(both observed and missing cases), PROC

IMPUTE partitions the range of regression

values into subsets. All cases in a given subset

that are missing the target variable are then

imputed with weighted averages of two values.

These values are drawn from that regression

function value subset and from an adjacent

subset. They are weighted with probability

proportional to the distribution of reported

values for that variable within the two subsets.

The weighted average value is rounded to an

integer if the integer flag is set for the target

variable. The basic assumption of this algorithm

is that within these homogeneous subsets, the

missing value cases will have the same target

value distribution as the cases with reported

values on the target variable.

A limitation of PROC IMPUTE is that it is not

robust to extreme outliers. Steps were taken to

identify and exclude from the process any

records with extreme values reported for revenue.

Editing/Manual Imputation of Total Revenue

The total revenue value for each facility (Q30)

was compared to the sum of the revenue from

each of its various funding sources (Q31). If the

reported total revenue was less than this sum, it

was changed to equal the sum. If the reported

total revenue was greater than the sum of the

revenue from the funding sources, the difference was computed and entered as Revenue

source unknown. Revenue was imputed for

facilities where a value was missing either

because the respondent did not know or refused

to answer.

Of the 13,455 treatment facilities, 9,922 reported a revenue value, 1,316 indicated that

their revenue was included in that reported by

another facility, and 2,217 facilities had missing

revenue values.

1

 American Institutes for Research (1980). Guidebook for

imputation of missing data. Statistical Analysis Group in

Education fortheNationalCenterforEducation Statistics,

Palo Alto CA.

2

 Salvucci S, Hu M, Ghosh D, Hurley P (1998). Review

of Item Response Rates and Imputation Proceduresin the

1995 and 1996 Uniform Facility Data Set (UFDS)

Survey. Unpublished report prepared for the Office of

Applied Studies, Substance Abuse and Mental Health

Services Administration, Rockville MD.
102

Of the 9,922 facilitiesreporting a revenue value,

852 indicated that the revenue reported included

revenue for otherfacilities(Q33).Responsesfor

these 852 were examined for two types of

inconsistencies:

! A facility reported that its revenue included

revenue for other facilities, but was missing

a revenue amount. For these facilities, final

status codes were examined. In all such

cases, the facility had a final status code of

10 or 12, indicating that its data were reported by another facility.

! A facility reported that its revenue included

revenue for other facilities, and reported a

revenue amount. The records of each of the

facilities reported for (Q24a) were examined. If any of these facilities had reported

revenue, the revenue of that facility was set

to a special missing code. This was done to

avoid double counting of revenue and to

indicate that revenue should not be imputed.

The final editing step was to identify facilities

with revenue values that would be considered

outliers. These were facilities not reporting for

others that reported more than $6 million in

revenue. 

Revenue and client information for each of

these facilities was compared to its revenue and

client information reported in 1996 and 1997.

Records that were inconsistent with prior years

were checked for data entry errors against the

original questionnaire. Errors were corrected if

found, and the facility was considered as an

outlier if there had been no such error.

Auxiliary Variables

A range of items in the 1998 UFDS was examined to determine the best subset of items to be

used as predictor variables in the imputation

procedure. Four survey questions were selected

because they had the strongest correlation with

the total revenue item and/or the amount of

missing revenue data differed across the levels

of these items. Responses to the questions were

recoded as 20 variables (Appendix Table 2) to

meet the structural input data requirements of

PROCIMPUTE.Results also identified State as

a stratifying variable.

Appendix Table 2

Auxiliary items used in imputation

of total revenue

Question Variable

2 Private for-profit facility

2 Private non-profit facility

2 State government-owned facility

2 Local government-owned facility

2 Tribal government-owned facility

2 Federal government-owned facility

1 Substance abuse treatment

1 Detoxification services

1 Prevention services

1 Other non-treatment services

1 Administrative services

13 12 month admissions

20a No. of hospital inpatient clients (detox)

20b No. of hospital inpatient clients (rehab)

25a No. of residential clients (detox)

25b No. of residential clients (rehab)

15a No. of outpatient detoxification clients

15b No. of intensive outpatient clients

 15c No. of other outpatient clients

Total number of clients in treatment

Overview of Imputation Procedure

Missing revenue valuesfor 2,217 facilities were

imputed using PROC IMPUTE. Two groups of

facilities were excluded as independent variables in the imputation process: 

! the 852 facilities that indicated that the

revenue reported included revenue for other

facilities; and

! the 96 additional facilities that were considered to have outlying revenue values. 

A new variable was created in the database that

contains the imputed and reported revenue
103

valuesfor all treatment facilities. An imputation

flag variable for this variable was also created.

Profile of Imputation Results

Pre- and post-imputation revenue distributions

compared acrossstates confirmed that no distortions occurred. Revenue distributions were also

compared across groups of facilities with different types of clients, ownership, numbers of

clients, and types ofservicesto ensure that these

distributions were not distorted as a result of the

imputations. Results confirmed that no distortions occurred.