Spark-Ignition Marine Eng

and Boat Regulations

Staff Presentation

Air Resources Board

July 24, 2008

1 Air Resour

California Environmental 

BOARD HEARING
Optional standards for SD/I 5 g/kW-hr HC+NO

x 

adopted 2005

High performance SD/I engines > 373 kW will bthe 5 g/kW-hr HC+NO

x standard 2009

2007 / 2008 SD/I engines 

≤ 373 kW comply with the 5 g/kW-

2001 Sterndrive/Inboard (SD/I) HC+NO

x standards ad

Outboard/Personal Watercraft (OB/PWC) hydrooxides of nitrogen (HC+NO

x) standards adopted 1998

Regulatory Timeline

2
• Provide relief to the small 

volume manufacturers of high performance sterndrive/inboard engines

• Reduce the risk of carbon 

monoxide poisoning from all spark-ignition marine engines

• Streamline the regulations

3

Reasons for Action
4

High Performance Engines (> 373 
5

Few in Number, High Performan

Engines Are Significant Pollute

150 - 250 4.22 2.03

Projected Benefit fr

5 g/kW-hr Exhaust S

[tons per day]

Uncontrolled

Inventory

[tons per day]

Annual

Sales

HIGH PERFORMANCE HC+NOx EMISS

2020 Statewide Summer Weekend Estimates
• The technological solution we envisio

when we adopted the 5 g/kW-hr HC+standard did not materialize: – Existing catalyst technology is not durab

sustained wide open throttle operation – Limited economies of scale do not suppdevelopment of a proprietary technology 200 engine sales per year

6

Catalysts aren’t the Answer fo

High Performance Engines
7

An intermediate volume manufacturer certifies between 75 and 500 combined high and standard perfo

per year in CaliforniaQualifying intermediate volume manufacturers certify at least 12 times as many standard performance 

performance engines

Proposed High Performance HC+NOx S

kW > 485 22.0

373 < kW ≤ 485 16.0

2011 and later

kW > 485 25.0

373 < kW ≤ 485 16.0

2009 - 2010

pre 2009 kW > 373 Uncontrolled

Larg

Q

Interm

Ma

Small Volume or

Non-Qualifying

Intermediate Volume

Manufacturer

HC+NOx

STANDAR

POWER [grams per kilowatt-ho

CATEGORY

[kilowatts]

MODEL

YEAR
Proposed High Performance

Evaporative Design Specification

15.0 1.5 0.16 / 0.40

Hose Tank

DIURNAL

SPECIFICATION

[grams per gallon per day]

PERMEATION

SPECIFICATIONS

[grams per square meter per day]

8
9

Emissions Neutral Solution

2020 Statewide Summer Weekend HC+NOx Be

Emissions Benefit from Existing 5 g/kW-hr Exhaust 

Standard for All High Performance Manufacturers

2

[tons 

0.41 2

Proposed Evaporative Controls (Canister, Tanks, Hoses)

0.20 1

Proposed 16/25 g/kW-hr Standard for Small Volume Manufacturers

1.42 1

Existing 5 g/kW-hr Standard for Large Volume Manufacturers

CUMU

BE

[tons 

INCREMENTAL

BENEFIT

[tons per day]

PROPOSED REQUIREMENTS
10

Proposal Allows Alternative Means 

Compliance for Large Volume Manufa

• Use more carbon canisters 

on standard performance boats to offset emissions

• Other manufacturer-specific 

measures approved by the Executive Officer (e.g., voluntary lower standards)
• 43 cases of carbon monoxide poisonin

reported in California between 1990 a

• 10 deaths occurred in California betwe

2001 and 2006

• All marine engines can be dangerous 

of carbon monoxide to vessel occupanto occupants of other nearby vessels swimmers

11

Carbon Monoxide is Deadly to Bo

http://www.dbw.ca.gov

http://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/03-04/bill/asm/ab_2201-2250/ab_2222_b
12

Proposed Carbon Monoxide Stan

350.0

75.0

300.0

500 - 5 x P

CO STANDAR

[grams per kilowatt-ho

kW > 373

kW ≤ 373 SD/I

(sterndrive / inboard)

kW > 40

kW ≤ 40

2010

and later

OB/PWC

(outboard / personal 

watercraft)

MAXIMUM 

POWER

[kilowatts]

MODEL

YEAR

ENGINE

CATEGORY
Jet Boats

13
• Jet boats are commonly 

marketed as competitors to boats with sterndrive engines

• Jet boats have transoms 

and are used in tow sports

• Proposed federal definition 

for “sterndrive/inboard engines” encompasses jet boat engines

14

Jet Boats Should be Treated Like Ste
Proposed Jet Boat Requirem

• Jet boat engines will be 

reclassified as SD/I engines

• New jet boat engines must 

comply with the SD/I standards in 2010 (unless replacing an engine of equal or lesser stringency)

• Existing jet boat engines 

may continue to be certified to the OB/PWC standards 

15 until 2012
Voluntary Standards

2.50 50.0 15.0 1.5 

Hose Tank

S

[gra

PERMEATION

STANDARDS

[grams per square meter per day]

CO

STANDARD

[grams per kilowatt-hour]

HC+NO

x

STANDARD

[grams per kilowatt-hour]

5 STAR Voluntary Standards

16
• Simplified certification procedures

• Methane-inclusive hydrocarbon stand• Not-To-Exceed (NTE) limits • Hardship relief provisions• Updated on-board diagnostics require• Updated replacement engine provisio• Standardized rebuilding practices• Hang-Tag durability provisions

Highlights of Other Proposed A

17
• Authorize the Executive Officer to appr

manufacturer specific alternatives for complying with high performance requ

• Create intermediate volume category f

performance engine manufacturers

• Change the commencement date for c

monoxide standards to 2010

• Permit replacement jet boat engines to 

with the OB/PWC standards until 2012

Proposed 15 Day Change

18
Conclusions

The Proposed Amendments:• Facilitate Compliance – Relief for small businesses – Greater flexibility• Reduce Carbon Monoxide 

Exposure 

• Preserve Emission Benefits – 2.03 tons per day reduction of 

HC+NOx in 2020 from high 

performance engines

19