NBSIR 84-2828^)

Functional Programming/Research

Planning for High Technology

Federal Office Buildings

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Building Technology

Washington, DC 20234

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Fire Research

Washington, DC 20234

January 1 984

Prepared for:

-QC

100

. U56

34-2323

1934

ublic Buildings Service

eneral Services Administration

'ashington, DC 20405

NBSIR 84-2828

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING/RESEARCH

PLANNING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY

FEDERAL OFFICE BUILDINGS

G E. Turner

J. R. Clifton

J. Y. Kao

G. E. Kelly

L. W. Masters

A I. Rubin

S. T Wu

S. L. Yaniv

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Building Technology

Washington, DC 20234

hi. E. Nelson

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

National Bureau of Standards

National Engineering Laboratory

Center for Fire Research

Washington, DC 20234

January 1 984

Prepared for: Public Buildings Service

General Services Administration

Washington, DC 20405

O/ v^ \I*

5 liSJ ?

- i i * \ /O'

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Malcolm Baldrige, Secretary

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS, Ernest Ambler, Director
'
TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT i v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS v

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1

1 . 1 Background 1

1.2 Objective and Scope of the Report 1

1.3 Organization of the Report 2

2.0 FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING STATEMENTS 3

2.1 Introduction 3

2 . 2 Statements 3

3.0 RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENTS 3 5

3.1 Introduction 35

3.2 Statements 35

4.0 SUMMARY. 62
ABSTRACT

The General Services Administration ( GSA) , Public Buildings Service (PBS) is engaged in the development of a new design approach for Federal buildings referred to as "high technology"

(high-tech) . The approach emphasizes the consideration of new,

emerging and innovative uses of existing technology applications

in building system design, construction and operation. In order

to develop design programs for high-tech building projects,

there is a need for PBS to identify programming issues that

address new, emerging and innovative uses of existing technologies, and there is a need for PBS to develop a plan of research

in support of its high-tech design approach. Under a memorandum

of understanding with GSA, the National Bureau of Standards'

( NBS ) , Center for Building Technology (CBT) assisted PBS by

providing technical support through the development of programming issues and research needs for high-tech office buildings.

The programming issues and research needs developed by NBS

represent the identification of programming and research topics

to be considered by GSA during its programming and research

planning activities.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The authors would like to express gratitude to

Mr. Robert Dikkers, Dr. Richard Marshall, Mr. James Pielert, and

Dr. Stephen Weber for their thoughtful reviews of the report.

In addition, the authors wish to thank Ms. Anita Sweigert for

her very prompt and efficient typing of the report.

v
*

. "
1.0

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The General Services Administration (GSA) , Public Buildings Service (PBS) is engaged in the development of a new design approach for Federal buildings referred to as "high technology"

(high-tech). The new approach emphasizes the consideration of

new, emerging and innovative uses of existing technology applications in building system design, construction and operation.

Particular emphasis is placed on the use of automation and

advanced communication technologies applicable to office work

environments.

In order to develop design programs for high-tech building projects, there is a need for PBS to identify programming issues that

address new, emerging and innovative uses of existing technologies. In addition, there are areas where advantages may be realized through high-tech applications but the applications are

constrained or prevented because of insufficient testing and/or

in-use performance data. As a result, there is a need for PBS to

develop a plan of research in support of its high-tech design

approach

1.2 Objective and Scope of the Report

Under a memorandum of understanding with GSA, the National Bureau

of Standards (NBS), Center for Building Technology (C3T) assisted

PBS by providing technical support through the development of

functional programming statements (FPS) and research needs (RNS)

for high-tech office buildings.

The programming statements will be used by GSA as reference information input to its building design programming process. A design

program serves as a guide to architects, engineers and space planners in making decisions by informing them of the performance

goals, objectives and criteria that a building design must meet.

The research needs statements will be used by GSA as input to its

research planning process. The research plan will consist of a schedule of research in support of the GSA high-tech design approach . The programming and research needs developed by NBS represent the identification of programming and research topics to ce

considered by GSA during its programming and research planning

activities. The issues and needs are not intended to be final

design directives nor final research proposals.

The development of the programming issues consisted of the identification of new, emerging and/or the innovative use of existing

technologies related to various parts of the building system.

1
Section 2.0 contains the set of functional programming statements

developed by CBT and the Center for Fire Research (CFR).

The research needs were developed from constraints to or prevention of immediate application of certain of the programming

issues, and from the CBT staffs' familiarity with the insufficient

testing and/or lack of in-use performance data for various

technologies having potential applications in Federal office

buildings

.

1.3 Organization of the Report

This report is organized in three sections:

Sectionl, the current section, provides a general introduction, including the objective and scope of the report.

Section 2 contains the functional programming statements

developed by CBT and CFR staff members.

Section 3 contains the research needs statements development

by CBT staff members.

Section 4 contains a summary of the report and reiterates the

intended use for the statements that have been developed.

2
Eh

c/l

2.0 FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING STATEMENTS

2.1 Introduction

The functional programming statement sheets contained herein are

organized according to the categories of design directives found

in a GSA design program. Although no statements were developed

for categories one, two and five, the complete list of design

directive categories is as follows:

1. Building concept. Design decisions include overall shape

and image of the building, its height, and configuration of

floors, including location of the core.

2. Site de v elopment. Includes relationship of proposed design

to existing structures, building placement and decisions about

access and egress to buildings, locations of parking areas and

planned outdoor use places, a landscape plan, and circulation

issues including where people will enter the site.

3. Building infrastructure. Includes decisions about foundations, structural systems, and plenum areas within the

building

.

4. Building enc l osure. Design decisions regarding windows,

walls, insulation, vapor barrier systems, and facade

treatment issues are included in this section.

5. Sp a ce a llo cat ion. Decisions relate primarily to interior

space planning issues and include space needs, spatial adjacencies, spatial groupings, circulation, and growth projections .

6. Bui ldi ng s yst ems. Includes all other major building

systems: energy, HVAC, electrical and communication, lighting,

acoustics, and elevators.

2.2 Statements

he statements are presented on the following 31 pages with each

tatement formatted separately in a standardized layout.

3
FPS-1

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING STATEMENTS

PROGRAMMING ISSUE:

Base Isolation System — Seismic Safety and Protection

Building Systems Involved:

Building Infrastructure (Foundations and Superstructures)

Issue Statement:

For buildings located in zones with high probable seismic risk,

structures such as public office buildings should be designed to

resist large lateral forces induced from strong earthquake motions. Based on current codes and standards [1], seismic design

may be considered satisfactory if an earthquake causes no loss of

life. Damage sustained by the building, however, may vary from

minor to i r repairable

.

Possible Applications:

The concept of "base isolation" has been developed and applied

to buildings. By implementing a base isolation system, the

lateral design forces can be greatly reduced. This can ensure

safety of the structure.

Other System Integration Requirements:

1.

There may be larger relative displacements across the base

isolation system than is the case for conventional design.

Therefore, utility connections, electrical and mechanical equipment must be designed to accommodate such movements.

Constraints to Application:

1. The technology is relatively new to the building industry.

Hence, it may add to the design and construction costs (even

though the cost of structural members can be reduced).

2. The long-term performance of base isolation systems has not

been documented (23.

3. Human response to floor vibration should also be considered

(33 . Actions Necessary for Application Feasibility:

Engineering design firm(s), manuf acturer ( s ) , and contractor (s

)

must be selected to ensure proper design and construction of the

base isolation system. Special details for inspection,

maintenance, and replacement of the components of the system must

be planned at the design stage.

4
Points of Contact and/or Resources:

S.T. Wu, 301-921-2198, CBT/NB5

[1] See FPS-5.

[2] See RMS-1.

[3] See reference MBS SP 474 , "Building for People," by

and Elder , J . , 1980

5
FPS-2

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING STATEMENTS

PROGRAMMING ISSUE:

Base Isolation System — Seismic Safety

Building Systems Involved:

Building Infrastructure (Structural Components)

Issue Statement:

In-situ measurements are needed to verify the effectiveness of

the base isolation system (when the structure is subjected to

earthquake excitation or wind loads)

.

Possible Applications:

Measurements require installation of accelerographs on floors or

foundations above and below the base isolation system. Strain

gages are also required on critical structural elements.

Other System Integration Requirements:

1.

These devices may be included as part of

system, (if selected) for the building management,

safety, security, and thermal control.

Constraints to Application:

1. Cost may be the only constraint to

instrumentation

.

Actions Necessary for Application Feasibility:

1. Select instrumentation based on measurement capabilities,

limitations, reliabilities, costs and installation details.

2. Calibrations may have to be performed periodically.

3. The locations of the measurements must be properly determined . Points of Contact and/or Resources:

S. T. Wu, 301-921-2193, CBT/NBS

E. V. Leyendecker, 301-921-3471, CBT/NBS

the integrated

e .g . , for fire

including this

6
FPS-3

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING STATEMENTS

PROGRAMMING ISSUE:

Epoxy-coated Steel Reinforcing Bars

Building Systems Involved:

Building Infrastructure (Foundations, Structure)

Issue Statement:

Steel reinforcement embedded in concrete can corrode when the

concrete is infiltrated by certain inorganic salts, especially

those containing chloride ions. Salt water exposures are well

known to be aggressive, greatly accelerating the corrosion of

steel. Corrosion of reinforcing steel results in cracking of

concrete and eventually its disintegration. Epoxy coatings have

been demonstrated to effectively protect steel reinforcing bars

from corrosion while not disturbing the structural integrity of

the reinforced concrete.

Possible Applications:

Epoxy-coated reinforcing bars should be used in those portions

of a building where its concrete may be exposed to marine environments, deicing salts, or other sources of inorganic salts.

Other System Integration Requirements:

None

Constraints to Application:

1. Epoxy-coated reinforcing bars may cost up to 100 percent

more than uncoated reinforcing bars.

2. Only certain epoxies can be used and good quality control

practices must be followed in coating reinforcing bars.

Actions Necessary for Application Feasibility:

Make contact with coaters who can apply appropriate epoxy coatings to steel reinforcing bars to determine cost and availability

at specific construction sites.

Points of Contact and/or Resources:

James R. Clifton, 301-921-3458, CBT/NBS

Clifton, J.R., Beeghly, H.F., and Mathey, R.G., Nonmetallic

Coatings for Concrete Reinforcing Bars, Mar. Bur. Stand. (U.S.),

Bldg. Science Series 65, August 1975.

7
Clifton, J.R., "Bond and Creep Characteristics of Coated Reinforcing Bars in Concrete," American Concrete Institute Journal, 80

(1983) , 288-293

.

* '
FPS-4

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING STATEMENTS

PROGRAMMING ISSUE:

High-strength Concrete

Building Systems Involved:

Building Infrastructure (Foundations, Structure)

Issue Statement:

High-strength concretes with compressive strengths as high as 33

MPa (12 x 10 2 psi) are commercially available. Use of highstrength concrete facilitates innovative design and the r tion of dead-weight loading through reduced sizes of struc

members

Possible Applications:

Structural members of a building, particularly for columns in

high-rise buildings.

Other System Integration Requirements:

Unknown

Constraints to Application:

1. Availability of high-strength concrete at specific construction s i tes .

2. Dynamic properties of high-strength concretes have not been

well characterized.

Actions Necessary for Application Feasibility:

Make contact with concrete companies to determine availability,

performance, warrantee, and cost of high-strength concrete.

Points of Contact and/or Resources:

James R. Clifton, 301-921-3458, CBT/NBS

American Concrete Institute, 313-532-2600, Detroit, Michigan

Proceedings, Workshop on High-Strength Concrete, University of

Illinois at Chicago Circle, Chicago, IL, December 2-4, 1979.

9

rr

a>
FPS-5

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING FOR BIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING STATEMENTS

PROGRAMMING ISSUE:

Design Philosophy on Seismic Safety

Building Systems Involved:

Building Infrastructure (Structural Systems)

Issue Statement:

In practice, structural members are designed to withstand the

forces induced by seismic excitations prescribed by building

codes. The philosophy behind each building code is different,

therefore, the reliability of structural safety is also different

for structures subjected to severe earthquake motions. It is

important that more rational design provisions be selected for

"hi-tech" building projects.

Possible Applications:

Selection of either of the following documents as the basis for

seismic design (they are more up-to-date provisions):

1. ATC 3-06, "Tentative Provisions for the Development of Seismic Regulations for Buildings," MBS SP 510, 1978

2. NBSIR 81-2195, "Draft Seismic Standard for Federal Buildings," MBS Report, 1981.

Other System Integration Requirements:

1. The seismic qualification (an

machanical/elect rical systems, utility supply s equipment should also be based on the structur

obtained with the present design philosophy.

Constraints to Application:

None . Actions Necessary for Application Feasibility:

Experienced engineering design firms have to

perform seismic analyses and designs based on

provisions.

Points of Contact and/or Resources:

E. V. Leyendecker, 301-921-3471, CBT/NBS

S. T. Wu, 301-921-2198, CBT/NBS

d design) of

ystems, piping and

al response data

oe selected to

selected design

10
FPS-6

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING STATEMENTS

PROGRAMMING ISSUE:

Building Diagnostics — Structural Performance

Building Systems Involved:

Building Infrastructure (Floor Systems)

Issue Statement:

Floor vibrations due to long unsupported spans, high wind or

machines/equipment may cause not only discomfort to occupants

but also damage to structural members. Measurements of floor

response will provide information for any required corrective

action and development of design criteria.

Possible Applications:

To monitor: floor response in terms of accelerations over a

f requency . range of 0 - 50 Hz and identify when corrective action

is warranted.

Other System Integration Requirements:

1. These devices may be included as part of the integrated

system (if selected) for the building management, e.g., for fire

safety, security, and thermal control.

Constraints to Application:

1. Cost may be the only constraint to including this

instrumentation

Actions Necessary for Application Feasibility:

1. Select instrumentation based on measurement capabilities,

limitations, reliabilities, costs, and installation details.

2. Calibrations may have to be perforned periodically.

3. The locations of the measurements must be properly determined.

4. Measurements of the preoccupancy conditions of the building

will be needed.

Points of Contact and/or Resources:

5. T. Wu, 3G1-921-2198 , CBT/NBS

E. V. Levendecker, 301-921-3471, CBT/NBS

1 1
FPS-7

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING STATEMENTS

PROGRAMMING ISSUE:

Building Diagnostics — Wind and Live Loads

Building Systems Involved:

Building Infrastructure (Superstructures Including Roof

Subsystem)

Issue Statement:

To characterize the structural systems based on the floor accelerations as stated on FPS-6, the collection of wind and live

load data will be useful. (Problems such as human sensitivity

can also be evaluated based on these measurements.)

Possible Applications:

Installation of devices such as anemometers, strain gages, and

interfacing recording systems.

Other System Integration Requirements:

1.

These devices may be included as part of

system (if selected) for the building management,

safety, security, and thermal control.

Constraints to Application:

1. Cost may be the only constraint to

instrumentation

.

Actions Necessary for Application Feasibility:

1. Select instrumentation based on measurement capabilities,

limitations, reliabilities, costs and installation details.

2. Calibrations may have to be performed periodically.

3. The locations of the measurements must be properly

determined

.

Points of Contact and/or Resources:

R. D. Marshall, 301-921-2170, CBT/NES

B. R. Ellingwood , 301-921-3471, CBT/NES

the integrated

e .g . , for fire

including this

12
FPS-8

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING STATEMENTS

PROGRAMMING ISSUE:

Glazing ana Anti ref lective Coatings

Building Systems Involved:

Building Enclosure (Windows)

Issue Statement:

Space heating through use of southern exposure windows can be an

effective energy conservation mechanism. To increase

effectiveness, it is desirable to use anti ref lective coatings or

films on the interior of such windows to reduce heat losses.

Possible Applications:

Southern exposure windows.

Other System Integration Requirements:

Summer shading mechanism.

Constraints to Application:

None. Glass products with anti ref lective materials are

commercially available. Even though test methods and standards

are not available, manufacturers have limited performance and

durability data that would be helpful in assuring quality.

Actions Necessary for Application Feasibility:

1. None for glass products (unless testing standards are

necessary)

2. For organic (plastic) glazing, research is needed to ensure

longevity

Points of Contact and/or Resources:

L. Masters, 301-921-3458, CBT/NBS

Clark, E.J., Roberts, W.E., Grimes, J.W., and Embree, E.J., Solar

Energy Systems - Standards for Cover Plates for Flat Plate Solar

Collectors, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Tech. Note 1132, Decem.cer

1980 . Clark, E.J. and Roberts, W.E., Weathering Performance of Cover

Materials for Flat Plate Solar Collectors, Nat. Bur. Stand.

(U.S.) Tech. Note 1170, November 1982.

Energy-Effective Windows, Nat. Bur. Stand. (C.5.), Scec . Pub.

512, April 1978.

1 3
Frohnsdorff, G . , Masters, L.W., and Martin, J.W., An Approach to

Improved Durability Tests for Building Materials and Components,

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S'.) Tech. Note 1120, July 1980 . Hastings, S.R. and Crenshaw, R.W., Window Design Strategies to

Conserve Energy, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Bldg. Sci. Ser. 104,

June 1977.

Waksman, D., Streed, E., and Seiler, J., NBS Solar Collector

Durability/Reliability Test Program Plan, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.)

Tech. Note 1136, January 1981.

Yancey, C.W.C., Materials Research Activities at the National

Bureau of Standards (1975-1982) Pertaining to Active Solar

Heating and Cooling Systems, NBS IR 83-2782, November 1983.

14
FPS-9

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDILNGS

FUNCTINAL PROGRAMMING STATEMENTS

PROGRAMMING ISSUE:

Security Glazing for Windows

Building Systems Involved:

Building Enclosure (Windows)

Issue Statement:

Windows are usually the easiest element in a building security

system to breach. High security glazing materials have been

developed to provide increased resistance to penetration. These

glazing materials consist of laminated layers of glass and

plastic films.

Possible Applications:

High security glazing materials are appropriately used when a high level of building security is desired and the windows are

vulnerable targets.

Other System Integration Requirements:

None

Constraints to Application:

1. Criteria have not been established for selecting high

security glazing materials.

2. Special window framing is required.

Actions Necessary for Application Feasibility:

1. NBS is developing performance criteria to aid in the

selection of high security glazing. These criteria will address

combined thermal and mechanical attack.

2. Additional work may need to be carried out on no

sensitivity (i.e., effect of scratches on resistance to

h c : a c :<

\J Points of Contact

James R. Clifton,

and/or

301-921

Resources

-3458 C3T/NBS

1 5
FPS-10

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING STATEMENTS

PROGRAMMING ISSUE:

Single-ply Membranes

Building Systems Involved:

Building Enclosure (Roof)

Issue Statement:

Premature failures of built-up roofing membranes occur more

frequently than any other major building material, resulting in

moisture penetration into buildings and loss of thermal

efficiency. Single-ply membranes appear to be more durable than

built-up membranes and more cost effective. It has been

predicted that within the next 10 years single-ply materials will

largely replace built-up roofing membranes.

Possible Applications:

Single-ply membranes are intended for use on low-sloped roofs.

Undoubtedly they can be used wherever built-up roofing membranes

are in service.

Other System Integration Requirements:

* Same as required for built-up roofing membranes.

Constraints to Application:

1. There is a lack of consensus standards zo form the bases for

selecting single-ply membranes.

2. Methods need to be developed to determine the quality of

seams constructed in the field.

Actions Necessary for Application Feasibility:

1. Make contact with manufacturers/distributors of single-ply

roofing materials to establish features, performance, durability,

cost, warrantee and installation details.

2. Make contact with ASTM DS subcommittee dealing with singleply membranes.

3. Many available single-ply membrane materials are listed in

the RST (Roofing/Siding/Institute) 1S33 Handbook of Single-Ply

Roofing Systems.

1 6
Points of Contact and/or Resources:

James R. Clifton, 301-921-3458, CBT/NBS

Walter J. Rossiter, 3 01 -9 21 -31 09 , CBT/NBS (information on AS TM

Committee D-8)

National Roofing Contractors Association

Cullen, W.C., Rossiter, W.J., Mathey, R.G., and Clifton, J.R., Low

Sloped Roofing Research Plan, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Soec. Publ.

659, April 1983.

Rossiter, W.J. and Mathey, R.G., "A Methodology for Developing

Tests to Aid Service-Life Prediction of Single-Ply Roofing

Membranes." Paper presented at the NBS/NRCA 7th Conference on

Roofing Technology, Gaithersburg, MD , April 14-15, 1983.

Rossiter, W.J. and Mathey, R.G., Elastomeric Roofing: A Survey,

Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Tech. Note 972, July 1978.'
FPS-1

1

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING STATEMENTS

PROGRAMMING ISSUE:

Diagnostic Monitoring of Mechanical Equipment

Building Systems Involved:

Building Systems (HVAC)

Issue Statement:

Routine inspection of mechanical systems is a costly process.

Likewise an unexpected failure in a mechanical component can

result in expensive emergency repairs and/or temporary loss of

building use with the attendant reduced user's productivity. A

rational approach to both maintenance scheduling and detection of

potential equipment failure is diagnostic monitoring of the

signal emitted by mechanical equipment.

Possible Applications:

Energy management, building security, fire and smoke management

and communication systems.

Other System Integration Requirements:

Communication, HVAC, security, fire and smoke management.

Constraints to Application:

1. Complexity may delay start up.

2. Debugging may be required prior to achieving efficient

operation

.

3. Installation costs may be high.

Actions Necessary for Application Feasibility:

1. Survey the availability of diagnostic monitoring systems to

determine their application, operating characteristics and cost

as related to routine mechanical equipment operation.

2. The long-term servicing requirements and durability must

also be established.

Points of Contact and/or Resources:

Simone L. Yaniv, 301-921-3783, CET/NES

18
FPS-12

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING STATEMENTS

PROGRAMMING ISSUE:

Lighting Controls, On-off Regulation; Task/Ambient Lighting

Building Systems Involved:

Building Systems (Lighting)

Issue Statement:

While most lighting systems in buildings are manually controlled,

many new buildings are being designed with computer-operated

controls. An intermediate approach is suggested here -- one that

would be based upon centralized computer control of ambient

lighting, with individually controlled task lighting, tunable by

means of a dimmer. This latter system would enable the operator

to adjust lighting conditions for performance of different tasks,

e.g., video display terminal or paper-based.

Possible Applications:

This system would be appropriate for all office-based activities.

Other System Integration Requirements:

The ambient system requires integration with other management

systems of the building.

Constraints to Application:

Possible user resistance to automated controls.

Actions Necessary for Application Feasibility:

None, off-the-shelf equipment is available.

Points of Contact and/or Resources:

Arthur I. Rubin, 301-921-2246, C3T/NBS

1 9
FPS-13

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING STATEMENTS

PROGRAMMING ISSUE:

Building Management System - Integrated HVAC, Security, and Fire

System

Building

Building

Building

Systems Involved:

Systems (Energy Management and Control System (EMCS)

,

Security, Fire Protection and Building Automation)

Issue Statement:

The increasing size and complexity of buildings and the diversified capabilities of building management systems justify their

installation. Although building management systems installed

during the past had unsatisfactory results in reliability and

start-up, the newer systems with better system architecture and

improved components and software can make the system' quite

useful in plant operation, building energy reduction, space

condition control, fire and security management.

Possible Applications:

The integration of energy management, HVAC system operations,

HVAC system maintenance, data acquisition and management, fire

and smoke management, security management, and system alarms.

Systems should have state-of-the-art sensors, distributed EMCS

(with stand-alone field interface devices), direct digital controls, and conventional/adaptive algorithms for HVAC system

controls

.

Other System Integration Requirements:

1. The building management system s hould be a sys t em i n teg rating EMC, fire, and securi ty.

2 . The fan operat ion of the air handling sys terns , due t s moke

dampe rs

,

outside ai r , and exhaust air dampe r s mus t e in teg r a ted

with fire and smoke contro Is .

3. The architectu re of the system should be s imi 1 a j; to tha t

shown on the follow! ng diagram. With this architec 4- ur e the EMC

does net interfere with the occupancy of the build i ng at the

build ing start-up or du ring down time . The f i r e sys tern o ver r ides the other two systems when n ecessa ty.

4 . All three func tions (EMC, fire, and sec uri ty ) s ho uld be

s tand -a lo ne and have the i r own process ers wi th indi v i du al fu nctioned mu Itiplexers connec ted to them. The se sa te 1 1 it e proc esso r s are integ rated by a c entral proce sscr w hie h pro V id es global

control and data management.

20
5. The building management system must be secured from interference sc that the fire and smoke controls remain functional at

all times

Constraints to Application:

1. Due to the complexity of the building management system.,

especially in the EMC part, delayed start-up, long time debugging, and malfunctioning during operation of the system may

occur . Action Necessary for Application Feasibility:

Spec i f ica tions of the system must meet the following: subsystems

must be compatible, the fire part of the system must meet applicable fire codes and/or national standards, and the system

architecture be as described below. It is of the utmost importance that the building design A/E be thoroughly familiar with

the latest developments in building management systems.

Points of Contact and/or Resources:

Euilding management systems are available from all large building

control manufacturers and others.

James Kao, 301-921-3844, CBT/N3S

Su~zes:ed Ar:'r.l:e:cure

to t «>*

2 1
FPS-14

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING STATEMENTS

PROGRAMMING ISSUE:

Advanced HVAC Systems and Control Strategies

Building Systems Involved:

Building Systems (HVAC)

Issue Statement:

Numerous HVAC subsystems and control strategies which have been

proven to be energy efficient in private and public sectors

applications have the potential to be used in proposed GSA

buildings. These subsystems include heat recovery, heat pump

systems, solar applications and thermal storage applications.

The main deciding factor in their application to a building is

economy and, to a lesser degree, the complexity of their operation. Variable air volume systems should be used whenever

possible

.

Possible Applications:

All the subsystems listed above have the potential for application . Other System Integration Requirements:

1.

No specific requirements, however, like other HVAC systems,

they may need to be compatible with building architectural,

structural and electrical systems.

Constraints to Application:

1. Cost of installing some of these systems may be a constraining factor.

2. Since the energy saving benefit can only be realized if

these systems are operated as designed, and since the operation

of these systems are more complex than for conventional systems,

the availability of operating personnel may also be a constraining factor.

Actions Necessary for Application Feasibility:

1. Life cycle cost analysis should be performed in deciding

their use.

2. Thorough training program should be given to the operating

personnel

.

3. Complete operating manual should be available.

22
4. An A/E firm w

trol design should

Points of Contact

J. Kao, 301-921-38

ith strong experience in HVAC system and

be selected.

and/or Resources:

44, CBT/NBS

con23
FPS-15

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING STATEMENTS

PROGRAMMING ISSUE:

High Efficiency HVAC Equipment

Building Systems Involved:

Building Systems (HVAC)

Issue Statement:

With varying loads, the most efficient way for turbo-machinery to

match the load and capacity is to vary the speed. The recent

advancement in motor speed controls make speed control of some

turbo-machinery used in HVAC systems more practical.

Possible Applications:

Air handling fans (as used for VAV systems) , large chilled water

pumps, and centrifugal refrigeration machines are possible

candidates

.

Other System Integration Requirements:

None, except with electrical systems in an ordinary design sense.

Constraints to Application:

1. The cost of variable speed motor controller may still be a factor preventing their use.

2. With variable speed motors the associated flow systems are

inherently complex. Therefore, the design and operation of

these systems are more complex.

Actions Necessary for Application Feasibility:

1. An engineering feasibility study, including a life cycle

analysis, should be performed to analyze the economy and system

stability

.

2. Because of the increased complexity of the variable flow

systems, designers with experience in variable speed equipment and

systems should be chosen.

Points of Contact and/or Resources:

James Kao, 301-921-3844, CBT/NBS

24
FPS-16

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING STATEMENTS

PROGRAMMING ISSUE:

Building Operation Local Area Network

Building Systems Involved:

Building Systems (Communications)

Issue Statement:

In order to reduce redundancy and to establish compatibility

between various building management and control systems (energy,

fire safety, security, etc.), there is a need to share data

produced by various building sensing and communicating devices

and to simplify the associated communication wiring. One means

for meeting the need for compatibility between management and

control systems is through the use of a local area network (LAN)

that supports both video and data transmission.

Possible Applications:

Consideration should be given to using a dual cable LAN connecting all sensing and communication devices used for building

management and control. Possible LAN topologies to use are bus

and partially connected mesh. Carrier Sense Multiple Access with

Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) is the proposed communication protocol. Broadband coaxial cable employing frequency-division

multiplexing is the proposed transmission medium.

Other System Integration Requirements:

1. The design of the LAN cabling system should prevent voltage

hazards by contact between communication circuit elements and

electrical system elements.

2. The LAN installation should minimize the chance for one occurrence and spread of fire and the generation and spread of smoke

within a building.

3. Consideration should be given to cable insulation if it is

located in spaces used for the transport of environmental air.

4. Adequate space to safely service LAN equipment and cabling

should be provided throughout a building.

5. LAN cable and equipment weight should ce considered in

determining structural requirements where applicable.

5. Protection against the affects of high electromagneticradiated fields should be considered in the design and

installation of the LAN.

25
7. LAN components are designed to operate within specified

gaseous and particulate environmental limits.

Constraints to Application:

1. Although the IEEE 802 committee is working on standards for

the data link and physical layers or network nodes, standards do

not exist for the higher levels. As a result, when an installation requires that various devices be supported, the requisite

multiplicity of interfaces at higher levels may not be possible.

2. When physical security or other requirements necessitate redundancy of the various functions performed by the network, costs

may be prohibitive.

3. The cost of multiplexing associated with a dual loop coaxial

cable may be significantly more than a transmission medium design

predominantly composed of twisted pair copper cable.

Actions Necessary for Application Feasibility:

1. Procurer must determine LAN requirements:

A. Required services

B. Network traffic characteristics

C. Reliability requirements

D. Network growth

E. Maintenance requirements

Points of Contact and/or Resources:

George E. Turner, 301-9-21-2140, CBT/NBS

Intelligent- Building Information Systems, 1225 Jefferson Davis

Highway, Arlington, VA 22202, 703-486-5627

Nathan Steele, President, SES, Inc., 7310 Ritchie Highway, Glen

Burnie, MD 21061, 301-787-0745

Rosenthal, Robert, ed., The Selection of Local Area

Networks, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.) Spec. Publ. 500-96,

1982.

Computer

November

26
FPS-17

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING STATEMENTS

PROGRAMMING ISSUE:

Fire Safety

Building Systems Involved:

Building Systems (Fire Protection)

Issue Statement:

The object of this program statement is to develop an innovative

fire safety approach that makes optimum use of the newest

equipment and concepts while producing the maximum flexibility

for other technologies and building uses.

The design and equipment concept presented herein proposes a major departure from current practices to provide safety with

increased economy and the flexibility needed for a high technology application. The system described is an integrated arrangement presented as a package. If the package is used in part,

instead of in its entirety, special studies will be necessary to

determine the impact on the safety objectives of GSA . The

system presented here, however, has sufficient depth of redundancy and safeguards that it is believed that the system will

produce levels of safety that meet or exceed normal GSA objectives . Attached is a draft of a completed fire safety section of a GSA

project directive sheet. It was used as a convenient method in

summarizing the items. Some of the key concepts include:

a. Structural system. The proposed approach eliminates the

fire resistance and smoke tightness requirements for the structural deck, including the secondary bearing members for that

deck. The approach also reduces in fire resistance for the

principal bearing members from the traditional two hour fire

resistance to a fire resistance of approximately 45 minutes.

This will permit the design of a floor and ceiling system which

can be readily accessible from both top and bottom and can carry

all of the building utilities and simultaneously be used as

either a supply or return air plenum. The elimination of fire

resistance will also eliminate the need for either asbestos or

asbestos substitute fireproofing material for the deck.

b. Sprinkler system. The concept involves a very special

sprinkler arrangement that is critical to the intended fire

safety. It is proposed that two separate sprinkler systems re

provided, one covering the interstitial spaces between the floor

deck and ceilings and the other covering the general area of one

27
building. It is further proposed these systems be provided with

the newly developed fast response off-on sprinkler systems. The

systems are to be separately integrated with building utility

water supply with no valves that may shut down the sprinkler

system without simultaneously taking essential utilities out of

service. A diagram of a possible arrangement is included on

page 34. This is to assure that the sprinklers are treated as

an essential building utility and any shutdown results in prompt

emergency-type repairs as would be applied to a loss of power or

domestic water. Further, it is intended that each sprinkler

system be tied to separate utilities so that one may be taken

down without taking down the other. Water flow alarm is to be

provided on each floor of each system with devices that both

detect and measure flow.

c. Smoke control. The concept envisions a smoke control system

zoned so that the floor involved in fire operates in a negative

pressure mode and the rest of the building operates as a positive

pressure. This is felt important in view of the deletion of

requirements for smoke tightness of the floor decks.

d. Emergency communications and controls. The fire safety

system visualizes using all of the various environmental sensors

that the high technology application will bring as a means of

fire detection. It is intended that the system be arranged to be

"smart" so that the control center will have exact information on

sources of detectors, levels of detectable quantities where

analog arrangements are involved, and the amount and general

location of any water flow taking place in sprinkler systems.

e. Furniture. It is proposed that consideration be given to

special furniture control. The building control center software

would be provided with the most current fire growth models and

state-of-the-art capability to predict the potential impact of

fire from rate of heat release data on the furniture involved.

Such data would require some testing. The object being to

maintain the furniture fire potentials low enough to prevent the

possibility of flashover and to assure that the maximum fire be

in the range of approximately 20 minutes in all spaces not

designated and designed to handle special hazards.

Possible Applications:

The application of the type of system proposed covers the full

scope of elements listed. The primary reasons for such application rest in the need to have flexible point-to-point access for

wiring and utilities in a high technology building. Flexible

accessibility can be provided from a full access floor and

ceiling arrangement. In addition, the concept can provide maximum flexibility for a space utilization. There also is a possible cost saving due to the elimination of the heavy concrete

slabs. The amount of the cost of the saving, however, depends

upon the approaches taken in seismic protection.

28
Other System Integration Requirements:

1. This approach needs to be

mechanical

integration

, .

_ integrated with structural, electrical, space assignment, and builainc operation .

' " ma naceme;

Constraints to Application:

1

: This approach is considered to provide reasons'- i a = Of

re

t he

fe

|'t

-ES judgment

H0wever ' U 1S based - the professional or the NBt> engineers involved. Develooment of -r analytical confirmation would involve a major research effort.

Actions Necessary for Application Feasibility:

enumerated

1 ‘ Since this approach involves a deviation from -v fire safety requirement contained in GSA ^ndooo^ ??

P;? poseo under the criteria and procedures found in Chacte^

^

cr

TM ,

GS

n ^ anQb0 ?^ Building Fire Safety Criteria (PBS f" 5520*9 uoGi 18, October 24, 1980). 0 * '

The approach is sufficiently conservative ^o that rhe '----v concept

oe

can oe maintained even if some of the eiPePs aP fo^d infeasible or otherwise undesired. Some elements arto

nowever, critical to the concepts essential if any changes are desired.

Re evaluation will

r b a

3 . Coordination with

mechanical, electrical

almost all other design areas ( architectural) is necessary.

4. Rate of heat release testing of typical furniturp oe necessary co implement the proposed furniture cont of the approach.

structural /

i ce.i.s w i x 1

rol aspecrs

Points of Contact and/or Resources:

Harold S. Nelson, 301-921-3175, CFR/N3S

L

29
PROJECT DIRECTIVE • F1RESAFETY

SHEET

1

OF

SHEETS D

PROJECT TITLE

High Tech Buildings

PROJECT NUM9ER

NUMBER ANO STREET CITY STATE

SECTION I • STRUCTURAL FEATURES

STRUCTURAL ^ FIRE RESISTANCE T General

Hazardous Areas

WALLS

SCAR IMG ~ &5 min. (Individual .. NON SEAR ING No. . enclosure

CCLIXNS fire res. On

BEAMS

RR IUART ~ ^5 min

.

case bv ca«

SECONDARY Mo Rec

.

basis')

OECXS

FLOOR No Rec .

ROOF No Rec

.

*Floor deck an d ceiline

are total-acc ess

.

FIRE WALLS

None unless needed for exposure protection

F

i

re past i r I ONS

Smoke eight on each floor (no fire resistance)

vertical openings ano shafts

Smoke tight (no fire resistance)

PANEL. CURTAIN, ano SFANDREL WALLS

Smoke stopped at floor deck

ceilings j ree access —Void (interstitual) elec., plumbing, and ocher utilities.

Also return air

FIRE STOPS

-

-

Smoke stops as necessary ^nr g-ml-o pnn»--’--o gycfow

FIRE DOORS

DOOR

HARD- WARE

Auto, closing (bv detection svstem)

STAIR*£lL doors Auto closing with hold ooens (easv access doors')

9U ILfl ING EXITS

S*OKE CCNTROl. DOORS Auto closing

OTHER - SPECIAL

-

-

-

-

UT I L I T l ES/ STRUCTURAL INTERFACE

Use intarstituai , cable allowed in interstitual

ATTACHMENTS AND AOOITIONS

EXPOSURE PROTECTION

As needed

SECTION II . OCCUPANCY LIMITATIONS

Oc; wzxmcy

ClaJte* per Fit. 3-1 PBS PS920.9 special fur: liture control based on energ' • load

GROUP I (Necessarv < :oTDUter mode! i n ^ «

\

i 1 t ^ a GROUP n control “ Omni' r a 'r "I GROUP n 1 GROUP I

Z

1

i 1

1

1 GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION G3A for* 123-K PAGE 1 i*tv. 5.5 30
PROJECT DIRECTIVE - FIRESAFETY (Continued)

sheet

2

OF

sheets ! DS

PROJECT T 1 TLE . PROJECT NLMcEP

NUMsER AND STREET C 1 ty STATE

SECTION 111 - INTERIOR CONSTRUCTION AND ARRANGEMENT REQUIREMENTS

I NTER I OS FINISH

Ceilings = Class A; Walls = Class A,B, or C*

Carpeting = No special requirements

*Combustibles added to energy load.

PAST i r I CNS

No special requirements*

*Anv combustibles added to snerrv load

EXIT ICR OTHER EMERGENCY MOVEMENT) FACILITIES ANO ARRANGEMENTS

Two stairs, sized on dynamic flow calculations. Stairs designed as accessible

inviting and normally open. Smoke enclosure at time of fire.

Yes

PLACES OF CONFINEMENT

None Involved

SPECIAL ACEAS (Haza’d, cr-.ticszizv, s-sa:~le rJ . z-se: trash rooms

1 -hr . Cnn'n VI prpH

CCA#>'J".RS Mo sipf isl r?"P', rc

COKJN 1C AT 1 OMS FL*J*ua.i LI OLIOS None involved

" L A>*A> a L £ GASES ASSEMBLY AREAS

C AF£TE R 1 a S HcCOPS S Metal containers

H£L 1 PORTS

SECTION IV . MECHANICAL systems

WATER

SUPPLY

souRCiisi g source (2 sections of nubile suoolv) combination dc-estie fore

system. No valves in fire protection portions or at junction with

common source.

CAPACITY < y'oiume * preside/

3v demand

TOTAL CAPACiTT

OUTSIDE HYDRANTS ANO MAINS FIRE CE=artmF.s' a = = li ANDES

P 1 RC 0£p AA TME.NT CONNECT 1 0 S iwrzsiow hCS £ CO n*i es * I On S

GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION GSA rjw 1 23- K PAGE 2
PROJECT DIRECTIVE • FIRESAFETY (Continue)

PROJECT TITLE PROJECT NUMBER

NUMBER AND STREET CITY STATE

SECTION IV - MECHANICAL SYSTEMS (Contino.d)

AUTOMAT I C SPR IN- KLER

PROTECTION

SPACES TO BE PROTECTED TYPE OF SYSTEM DES 1 GN OENS 1 TY Entire building including inr citual spaces.

Two separate svstems from two urces (see diagram)

Fast resoonse, off/on heads - scaggerea

Plastic pipe acceptable

Suoplv is valveless

Water flow bv floor, rate decs ic ced

FIRE PROTECTION WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Combined with domestic

SPECIAL EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS

AIR CONDITIONING

No fire dampers

SMOKE CONTROL SYSTEMS

Zoned bv floor (exhaust fire floor, supply only to rest of bldg.)

HEATING SYSTEMS

GAS PlglNG ANO APPLIANCES

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

SECTION V . ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS ANO EQUIPMENT

transformers TYPE LOCATION! S! PROTECT 1 ON

PUBLIC UTILITY SUPPLIED

IN CONTRACT

OUTSIDE SUBSTATIONS

AND TRANSFORMERS

TYPE OtSTANCE PROTECT 1 0*

DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS underfloor system. sj

WIRE CLOSETS (AND OTHER VERTICAL PASSAGES)

LIGHTNING PROTECTION

exit lights special, responds to fire

information to flash and indicate sare path

EMERGENCY LIGHTING

High and low elevation lights

SOURCE CAPAC 1 TY

EMER- starting method tinc to on-line

GENCY

POWER CIRCUITS ANO EQUIPMENT ON EMERGENCY SYSTEM

GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION r.ZX Bif.E Q

32
Elevators - Lobby smoke barrier, load cell to tell if evacuees are waiting.

Sh e et or w n

PROJECT CH RECTI VE • FIRESAFETY (Contim>*<fl

4 s-c: DS

PROJECT TITLE PR GjcCT NUWc£r

nums er and street C 1 TY state

SECTION VI • EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS AND CONTROLS

EXP LA I N

input

manual

Phone, Data terminals, Seattle tvre Dull boxes

automatic „ . , , . suilding environmental controls,

water flew.

Smart smoke detectors, sprinkler

OUTPUT

AUTOMAT 1 C

ALARMS 1

34J ILD IMG

TYPE Voice

COVERAGE Total

EQUIPMENT CONTROLS Smoke Control, pumas, etc.

S 1 SNALS

OUT Of BUILDING

FIRE DEPARTMENT Yes

OTHER ( Specify

)

GSA Centers

OTHER ( Specify

)

manual

ALARVS AHO SIGNALS EQUIPMENT CONTROLS Yes

other ( Specify

)

STATUS

annunciation r’T'n • ~ j CTR in Control Center ana

on floors

PR INTERS/ RECORDERS

TROU8LE INDICATIONS Yes

REAL TIME SYSTEMS DATA Yes

OTh£S (Specify)

Real time fire involvement martins

reliability features

SECTION VII . EMERGENCY PLAN

EX P LA I N

SECTION YM1 . COORDINATION WITH NON F I R E S A F £ T Y SYSTEMS

E X ? L A I N

ACCIDENT ANO FIRE PREVENTION DIVISION ; x T£ APPROVED

GENERAL SER VI. CES ADMINISTRATION G S A f c rh 1 K PAGE 4 s •; i
RISER DIAGRAM OF PROPOSED WATER SUPPLY AND SPRINKLER ARRANGEMENT

34
3.0

RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENTS

3.1 Introduction

The statement sheets contained herein are organized, to the extent

possible, according to the categories of GSA design directives.

The complete list of design directive categories can be found on

page 3.

3.2 Statements

The statements are presented on the following 26 pages with each

statement formatted separately in a standardized layout.

35
RNS-1

RESEARCH PLANNING POR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENT

RESEARCH ISSUE:

Evaluation of the Long-Term Performance of the Base Isolation

System (BIS)

Building Systems Involved:

Structures implemented with BIS

Problem Statement:

The short-term performance of BIS has been simulated with numerical analysis as well as with shake table tests. It is known that

the lateral design forces in the structural system can be greatly

reduced (see attachment). Nevertheless, the long-term performance of BIS through the life span of the structure has to be

evaluated and predicted to ensure structural safety in the event

of strong earthquake excitations.

Technical Approach:

The approach will be:

1. identification of the qualified base isolation systems or

devices

2. development of the methodology, including modeling (tests if

needed)

3. preparation of the report(s)

.

Product:

Report(s) giving the results of the investigation.

Implementation:

Presentation of the results at conferences, in journal publications, and interaction with industry and research organizations.

Impact:

A rational basis will be developed for the evaluation of longterm performance of the BIS. The results will be useful to

industry as well as to GSA in the planning and design of public

office buildings located in high seismic index zones.

Milestones

:

1. Identify the qualified base isolation systems/devices - 3

months

.

36
2. Develop the methodology and models for the evaluation

months

.

3. Complete the report with recommendations - 15 months.
Attachment

Base Isolation System: Schemes and Effects

The concept of "base isolation" is to decouple the building

structure from strong earthquake ground motions by a special

scheme. With the scheme, transmissions of horizontal accelerations into the structure can be greatly reduced. A brief description of this modern device and its effects on the base

isolated structure are given below.

1

.

The Schemes

There have been various schemes developed to fulfill the goal of

isolating structures from strong ground motion. An effective

scheme should have a damping mechanism and a device that provides

rigidity under low load levels. One such scheme, recognized as

a lead/rubber bearing system, is shown in Fig. 1 (Ref. 1). This

scheme has been developed and used in New Zealand. There are

various schemes being developed in other countries, e.g., Greece,

Yugoslavia, South Africa, and France (Refs. 2-5). In this

country, similar types of schemes have been developed and tested,

see, Refs. 1 and 6.

The Effects on the Structural System

A fail-safe base isolation system has been designed for a fivestory building at the University of California, Berkeley. The

system was tested on a shaking table with different kinds of

simulated earthquake motions. Frame accelerations for the El

Centro input signal with different isolation conditions are shown

in Fig. 2. As can be seen from the figure, the lateral design

forces on the structures are reduced greatly. Details of this

test can be found in Ref. 7.

References

1. Kelly, J.M., "Aseismic Base Isolation: Its History and

Prospects," Joint Sealing and Bearing Systems for Concrete

Structures, ACI Publication SP-70, Detroit, 1981.

2. Ikonomou, A.S., "The Earthquake Guarding System," Technics

Chronica, Vol. 41, 1972.

3. Roth, A., et al., " E rbeben is che r ung im Bauen: Das Schulhaus

'Heinrich Pestalozzi' in Skopje, Jug os 1 a v i en , " Neuen Zurcher

Zeitung Beilage Technik, 1970.

4. Plichon, C., "Hooped Rubber Bearings and Frictional Plates:

A Modern Antiseismic Engineering Technique," Proceedings, Special

Meeting on the Antiseismic Design of Nuclear Installations,

Paris, France, 1975.

38
5. Delfosse, G.C., "The GAPEC System: A New Highly Effective

Aseismic System," Proceedings, The Sixth' World Conference on

Earthquake Engineering, Mew Delhi, India, 1977.

6. Engineering News-Record, "Law Building Can Roll with Punch,"

August 4, 1983.

7. Kelly, J.M. and Hodder, S.B., "Experimental Study of Lead

and Elastomeric Dampers for Base Isolation Systems in Laminated

Neoprene Bearings," Bulletin of the New Zealand National Society

for Earthquake Engineering, Vol. 15, No. 2, June, 1982.

39
Figure 1. The lead/rubber bearing of the New Zealand Systec(Ref. 1)

40 OUROME7ER

Figure 2. Frame accelerations for El Centro input signal wi

different isolation condi tions (Ref . 7).

40
RNS-2

RESEARCH PLANNING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENT

RESEARCH ISSUE:

Optimum Dynamic Parameters for Structures with Absorber Systems

Building Systems Involved:

Structures including superstructures and absorber systems

Problem Statement:

Structural optimization has been investigated extensively in the

past two decades. Optimization of dynamic systems with absorbers

has considered primarily single degree-of-freedom systems and

emphasized selection of absorber stiffness and damping. With

recent developments in absorbers (e.g., the base isolation

system) for mitigating strong earthquake-induced responses,

structural optimization for multidegree-of-freedom systems should

be studied. The basis for selecting the objective function

should not be limited to only the weight of the building and more

significant constraint conditions should be imposed (e.g.,

consideration should be given to the displacements of the

mechanical and structural systems as well as to acceleration of

the structural system)

.

Technical Approach:

1. Determine the significant parameters for the selected

objective functions for various types of absorber systems.

2. Develop analytical models including the proper selection of

the constraint conditions.

3. Evaluate sample problems based on the approach developed.

4. Provide guidance or criteria for the design process.

Product

Report(s) presenting the results of the study.

Implementation

Presentation of the results at conferences, in journal

publications, etc. Results of this type of study may be helpful

for an economical design of the current Long Beach, CA prciect.

Impact

The approach and the results of the study will provide useful

information to the building industry for the economical design of

structures .

41
Milestones

:

1. Determine the significant parameters for the

objective function - 3 months.

2. Develop the model including the selection of the

constraint conditions - 12 months.

3. Evaluate the structural systems (case studies) - 15

4. Report with guidelines - 18 months.

elected

proper

months

.

42
RNS-3

RESEARCH PLANNING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENT

RESEARCH ISSUE:

Building diagnostics

Building Systems Involved:

Multiple

Problem Statement:

Problems of shortcomings in the performance of building materials

are frequently not detected until considerable damage has occurred. An example of this is a leaking roof. With recent advanc

in nondestructive evaluation technology, it may be feasible

incorporate NDE tools into buildings to provide diagnostic data.

Technical Approach:

1. Develop criteria for NDE and other tools which may aid in

diagnosing problems or impending problems.

2. Provide the technical basis for use of building diagnostics

through laboratory and field data.

Product:

Research reports presenting the results of the studies and

including criteria for building diagnostics will be produced.

Implementation:

Through publications, presentations to the building community and

interactions with standards setting organizations.

Impact:

1. Reduce maintenance costs.

2. Improve building performance.

Milestones:

1. Analyze building diagnostic needs - 3 months.

2. Identify promising diagnostic methods - 9 months.

3. Laboratory and field data collection - 12 months.

4. Report on criteria for selecting useful diagnostic methods - 36 months.

43

rr

(D
RNS-4

RESEARCH PLANNING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENT

RESEARCH ISSUE:

Expert systems for selecting coatings and paints based on

consideration of protective requirements and weather conditions

Building Systems Involved:

Building Envelope

Problem Statement:

Often sufficient information is not readily available on

materials performance and durability to make decisions on

selecting durable coatings and paints materials. Expert systems

can be potentially effective in making high quality decisions in

the selection of durable materials. Expert systems are computer

programs which mimic the reasoning of human experts.

Technical Approach:

The knowledge of experts on the performance and durability of

coatings and paints will be recorded in the form of a knowledge

base and heuristic rules. They will be encoded in a computer

program which can give recommendations at or near the level of

human experts thus facilitating and improving the selection

process

.

Product:

An expert system for selecting coatings and paints will be

developed and its usefulness demonstrated.

Implementation:

The expert system will be implemented through its use in

selecting coatings and paints.

Impact:

Development and use of the expert system will result in improved

selection of coatings and paints, thereby reducing expenses and

problems caused by poor material performance.

Milestones

:

1. Development of a knowledge base and heuristic rules

36 months.

2. Development of an expert system - 48 months.

44
RNS-5

RESEARCH PLANNING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENT

RESEARCH ISSUE:

Expert system for selecting fenestration/envelope based on

consideration of thermal and acoustic performance of window

systems

Building Systems Involved:

Fenestration/ Envelope

Problem Statement:

The thermal integrity of glazing may be achieved without any

significant increase in the degree of noise insulation. However,

the thermal performance and acoustic characteristics of window

systems may be integrated to achieve both energy efficiency and

noise isolation requirements. Expert systems have the potential

for effectively assisting in making high quality decisions relative to the selection and design of fenestration systems.

Technical Approach:

The knowledge of experts in making decisions abour thermal and

acoustic design criteria for glazing will be recorded in the form

of a knowledge base and an heuristic approach for decision making

developed

.

Product

An expert system for computer-aided therma 1/acous t ica 1 design of

fenestration systems will be produced.

Implementation:

The system will be implemented through its use in selection cf

fenestration systems having project specific compatible and complementary acoustical and thermal performance.

Impact:

Development and use of an experr system for the selection and

design of fenestration systems will result in cos: effective

thermal and acoustical performance of fenestration.

Milestones

1. Develop knowledge base and heuristic rules - 35 months.

2. Develop expert system - 48 months.

45
RNS-6

RESEARCH PLANNING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENT

RESEARCH ISSUE:

Glazing and antiref lecti ve coatings

Building Systems Involved:

Windows

Problem Statement:

Significant heat gains can be obtained through effective use of

southern exposure windows. Glass, combined with an ti ref lecti ve

materials or coatings, has performed well according to manufacturers. But other glazing materials, such as plastics, could

offer cost, weight and optical benefits over glass and could be

formed with anti ref lecti ve materials (as opposed to the add-on

materials used with glass) . A barrier to their use is lack of

test methods to help assure durability.

Technical Approach:

The approach would involve 1) identifying performance requirements, 2) developing test methods, based upon laboratory studies,

to measure performance according to the requirements, and 3)

assisting in implementing the use of the methods by interactions

with the building community and standards setting organizations.

Product:

Report(s) presenting the results and the proposed test methods

will be produced.

Implementation:

Presentations at conferences, publication of results, interaction

with standards setting organizations.

Impact:

The test methods will help provide for increased use of

substitute materials.

Milestones

:

1. Identify performance requirements - 3 months.

2. Report with preliminary test methods - 12 months.

3. Report with final test methods - 30 months.

46
RNS-7

RESEARCH PLANNING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENT

RESEARCH ISSUE:

Expert system for selecting roofing materials based on

consideration of design and weather conditions. This system will

be' a prototype system which demonstrates the benefits of

developing and using expert systems.

Building Systems Involved:

Roofing Systems

Problem Statement:

Often sufficient information is not readily available on materials performance and durability to make decisions on selecting

durable roofing materials. Expert systems can be potentially

effective in making high quality decisions in the selection of

durable roofing materials. Expert systems are computer programs

which mimic" the reasoning of human experts.

Technical Approach:

The knowledge of experts on the performance and duracility of

roofing materials will be recorded in the form of a knowledge

base and heuristic rules. They will be encoded in a computer

program which can give recommendations at or near the level of

human experts thus facilitating and improving the selection

process

.

Product:

An expert system for selecting roofing materials will be

developed and its usefulness demonstrated.

Implementation

The expert system will be implemented through its

selecting roofing materials.

Impact:

Development and use of an expert system will result in the improved selection of roofing materials, thereby reducing expenses

and problems caused by poor material performance.

Milestones

1. Development of a knowledge base and heuristic rules

36 months

.

2 . Development of an expert system 4 8 m.cnchs .
RNS-8

RESEARCH PLANNING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BOILDINGS

RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENT

RESEARCH ISSUE:

Database on material performance

Building Systems Involved:

Major building materials, e.g., coatings and paints, roofing

materials, concrete and masonry, and metals exposed to weathering

Problem Statement:

Well-documented information on the in-service performances of

building materials is rarely available. The availability of such

information would aid in the selection of more cost-effective

materials. Computer databases need to be established to store

the information, thereby making it available to those responsible

for making decisions on material selection.

Technical Approach:

1.

Identify the properties, characteristics, and features of

building materials which, when documented, will indicate the

performances of specific building materials.

2. Develop recommendations on evaluation methods.

3. Select and format database systems.

Product:

A methodology for establishing a database on the performances of

building materials will be developed.

Implementation:

The methodology will be implemented by using it to document the

performance of major building materials in "high-tech" Federal

office buildings.

Impact:

A significant cost

database will ass

performance. Also,

decisions regarding

replaced

.

savings will result because use of the

ist in selecting materials of proven

the database can aid in the making of

whether a material should be repaired or

Milestones

:

1. Identification of properties, characteristics and features

of building materials which should be documented - 3 months

.

48
2. Develop recommendations on material evaluation

6 months

.

3. Select and format database - 12 months.

methods

49
RNS-9

RESEARCH PLANNING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENT

RESEARCH ISSUE:

Substitute materials for building materials containing asbestos

Building Systems Involved:

Flooring and Building Envelope

Problem Statement:

Asbestos fibers have been incorporated in

materials. The literature contains ex

addressing potential health effects associ

airborne asbestos fibers. (Since NBS has

there has been no attempt to evaluate this

of the products containing asbestos are g

table. If properly identified and selected

can be used in building construction. The

should be the technical equivalent of th

containing asbestos.

a variety of building

tensive documentation

ated with exposure to

no medical expertise

documentation.) Some

iven in the attached

, substitute materials

substitute materials

e building materials

/

Technical Approach:

1. Identify asbestos-containing building materials used in the

construction of GSA buildings.

2. Establish performance requirements for substitute materials.

3. Develop recommendations for selecting substitute materials

based on performance requirements.

Product:

Report giving recommendations for selecting substitute building

materials will be developed.

Implementation:

Results of the study will be published.

Impact:

A technical basis will be developed to assist GSA in selecting

building materials which do not contain asbestos.

Milestones

:

1. Identify asbestos-containing building materials used in GSA

buildings - 6 months.

2. Develop performance requirements for substitute materials - 12 months

.

50
3 . Report giving recommendations for selecting substitute

materials - 18 months.

51
Taken from "Guidelines for Assessment and Abatement of

Asbestos-Containing Materials in Buldings," NBSIR 83-2688, 1983

Table 1.3 Nonfriable Matrix Bonded Composite Products Containing

AsbestosJr

Asbestos

Subdivision Generic Name (2 by

weight)

Dates of Use Binder/ Sizing

Cementitious extrusions 8 1965-1977 Portland cement

Products panels:

corrugated 20-45 1930-present Portland cement

flat 40-50 1930-present Portland cement

flexible 30-50 1930-present Portland cement

flexible 30-50 1930-present Portland cement

perforated

laminated 35-50 1930-present Portland cement

(outer

surface)

roof tiles

clapboard & 30-20 1930-present Portland cement

shingles

clapboard 12-25 1944-1945 Portland cement

siding 12-14 unknown- Portland cement

shingles present

roofing 32-20 unknown- Portland cement

shingles present

pipe 20-15 1935-present Portland cement

Paper corrugated:

Products high 90 1935-present sodium silicate

temperature

moderate 70-35 1910-present starch

temperature

indented 98 1935-present cotton and

organic binder

millboard 85-85 1925-present starch, lime,

clay

Roofing smooth surface 10-15 1910-present asphalt

Felts mineral surface 10-15 19 10-present asphalt

shingles 1 1971-1974 asphalt

pipeline 10 1920-present asphalt

— Table was taken from reference [5]. — The Navy prohibits use of these products when acceptable nonasbestoscontaining substitutes have been identified.

52
Table 1.3 (continued)

Subdivision Generic Name

Asbestos

(% by

weight)

Dates of Use Binde r/ Sizing

I

1

Asbestos- caulking putties 30 1930-present linseed oil

Containing adhesive (cold 5-25 1945-present asphalt

Compounds applied) 1 joint compound 1945-1975 asphalt

roofing asphalt 5 unknown- asphalt

present j mastics 5-25 19 20-present asphalt

asphalt tile 13-25 1959-present asphalt

cement |

j

roof putty 10-25 unknown- asphalt

present 1 plaster/ stucco 2-10 unknown- Portland cement

present j spackles 3-5 1930-1975 starch, casein,

synthetic

* resins

sealants 50-55 1935-present caster oil or fire/ water polyisobutylene

cement

,

20-100 1900-1973 clay j insulation j cement

,

55 1920-1973 clay

finishing ! cement, magnesia 15 1926-1950 magnesium

carbonate

Asbestos 50 1930-present Portland cement | Ebony

Products

Flooring vinyl/ asbestos 21 1950-present poly (vinyl)-

Tile and tile chloride

Sheet Goods asphalt/ asbestos 26-33 1920-present asphalt

tile i sheet goods/ 30 19 50-present drv oils

resilient sheet i

| Wallcovering vinyl wallpaper 6-8 unknown-

!

present .

Paints and roof coating 4-7 1900-present

j Coatings

I

| air tight

j

15 1940-present asphalt

53
RNS-10

RESEARCH PLANNING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENT

RESEARCH NEEDS:

Teleconferencing: acoustic criteria

Building Systems Involved:

Teleconferencing Facilities

Problem Statement:

Teleconferencing facilities offer the potential to increase

building users' productivity by allowing direct communication

without the need to assemble staff at one location at a scheduled

time. Moreover, the success of teleconferencing is dependent

upon adequate acoustic environment in the conference room.

Acoustic criteria for teleconferencing rooms must be developed

and integrated with teleconferencing system design.

Technical Approach:

Develop acoustic criteria for teleconferencing facilities based

upon a literature search and a review of existing facilities/systems characteristics.

Product:

Acoustic criteria for the design of teleconferencing rooms will

be developed.

Implementation:

The criteria will be implemented through the design of teleconferencing facilities, publications, presentation to the building

community and interaction with standard setting organizations.

Milestones

:

Develop acoustic criteria for the conferencing facilities - 36

months

.

54
RNS-1

RESEARCH PLANNING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENT

RESEARCH ISSUE:

HVAC system data base and operating manual

Building Systems Involved:

HVAC (including 3MCS

)

Problem Statement:

There are many variables which change a building's thermal

These include weather variables (temperature, humidity, sc wind, ground altitude, etc.), building construction i thermal insulation, location, orientation, geom.ei

arrangements, etc.), and user factors (usage, loading, Ic

variations, etc.). When the thermal load variations are me*

HVAC system changes (temperature, flow rate, system sc system efficiency, etc.), it is very difficult for the ouj

operators to tune the systems to their optimum condition;

terms of energy consumption, equipment maintenance,

conditions, etc.). Therefore, an operating manual to op:

HVAC system performance is needed.

Technical Approach:

A simplified energy program, such as the Carrier E2Q-II, w:

used to calculate building energy consumption. The ouj

construction and the weather variables will be varied to cc with the HVAC control strategies to generate tne cu:

performance data base.

The building performance data base will be used to deve)

manual for the HVAC system operating personnel. The mar.ua. emphasize HVAC system operations and control setting ad j us:

to achieve optimum energy performance of cuilcirgs.

Product

A manual for operating personnel on optimizing HVAC e performance will be produced.

Implementation:

The manual will use

us eo oy HVAC system

buildings a nd o t he r Impact

Barter space conditions and more

will result from the development

simple charts and illustrations t: te

operating personnel. It may re used

government and private bui Icings.

i

i

i

load .

( ; n space

55

o>.
Milestones:

1. Generate the building performance data base -

2. Manual for HVAC system operating personnel -

6 months.

12 months.

56
RNS-12

RESEARCH PLANNING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENT

RESEARCH ISSUE:

Improve variable air volume (VAV) system controls

Building System Involved:

HVAC Systems

Problem Statement":

The VAV system has been generally recognized as the most energy

efficient air handling system. In actual installation, there are

numerous problems associated with the system, such as not meeting

zone load variations, poor system pressure responses, noise, and

improper space pressure balance. Although some of these problems

may be traced to inadequate engineering during design and

construction, guidelines for VAV system design centered around

system controls will assist the designers in simplifying the

design procedures and improve the system performance.

Technical Approach:

VAV systems will be categorized by the building load

characteristics, air distribution system arrangements and VAV

system types. In each group, fan pressure variations in the

entire duct system, as well as the pressure in the building, will

be investigated in detail. Guidelines of fan systems and space

pressure controls will be developed for each group.

Product:

A report on improving VAV system controls will be produced.

Implementation

The guideline on improving VAV system controls will be available

to GSA design engineers and A/E firms engaging in HVAC system

designs. The 'Obstacle of selecting VAV systems will be lessened.

Impact:

More acceptance of VAV systems can be expected and better space

environment control can be achieved.

Milestones

1. Investigate possible VAV systems by buildings - 3 months.

2. Generate pressure data - 6 months.

3. Report on improving VAV system controls - 12 months.

57
RNS-13

RESEARCH PLANNING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENT

RESEARCH ISSUE:

Outside air management and indoor air quality

Building Systems Involved:

HVAC (including EMCS) , Fire Protection

Problem Statement:

A large part of building energy consumption is for treating the

outside air which is delivered to occupied spaces as fresh air.

A detector, such as for C0 2

, which senses the occupant load may

be used to control the amount of outside air to be admitted to

the building. Thus, a -large amount of energy may be saved.

Technical Approach:

1. A reliable occupant sensing system (C0 2 or other parameters)

will be researched and developed.

2. The method and logic of integrating the sensing system into

the HVAC control system and/or building management system will be

developed. Included will be locations of sensors, damper operations to comply with occupant and building needs, integration

with other EMC algorithms (such as economy cycles) , and

fire/smoke management.

Product:

A report on outside air management using occupant-related sensors will be produced.

Implementation:

The results of this investigation will enable GSA to modify its

policy on outside air management. The building outside air

management may also be implemented through ASHRAE and building

code authorities.

Impact:

Considerable amount of building energy use may be eliminated.

Milestones:

1. Investigate occupant sensing system - 6 months.

2. Develop the logic and method for implementing control

systems - 9 months.

3. Report results - 12 months.

58
RNS-14

RESEARCH PLANNING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENT

RESEARCH ISSUE:

Postoccupancy evaluation of computer-based building operating

systems

Building Systems Involved:

Computer-Based Systems

Problem Statement:

Many computer-based systems are now in place in Federal and

private sector buildings, but no systematic effort has been made

to evaluate the potential wealth of experience that has been

accumulated by building users. This experience would constitute

a major resource for those making design decisions concerning new

buildings and the retrofitting of the existing building stock.

Technical Approach:

A sample of buildings, building systems, and subsystems should be

examined by an appropriate interdisciplinary research team to

determine what "has worked" and what "has not worked" and why.

The systems examined should encompass energy management, operational, safety and security and the integration of these various

systems. Interviews should be conducted with users, designers

and facility managers, and appropriate physical measurements

should be made to quantify findings.

Product:

A handbook will be produced, suggesting approaches for the design

and implementation of computer-based building systems and

subsystems

.

Implementation:

The handbook will be distributed to GSA/P3S personnel for further

distribution no the design community serving the Federal

Government

.

Impact:

More effective use will be made of the information available

concerning computer-based systems in buildings -- resulting in

higher productivity and cost savings to the Federal Government.

Milestones

1. Development of detailed research plan - 12 months.

2. Completion of handbook - 36 months.

59
RNS-15

RESEARCH PLANNING FOR HIGH TECHNOLOGY FEDERAL

OFFICE BUILDINGS

RESEARCH NEEDS STATEMENT

RESEARCH ISSUE:

Simulation of a building circulation system to be used as a support utility to the fire safety and security systems

Building Systems Involved:

Fire Safety and Security

Problem Statement:

Tactical responses to emergency incidents are generally infrequent throughout the operating life of most buildings. As a result, the building operators and guard force do not have an

opportunity to quickly and inexpensively explore the many types

of responses that can be employed for various emergency incidents. Therefore, there is a need for an analytical tool that

can quickly develop and communicate tactical responses to a great

many types and severities of fire safety and security incidents

in a building operator training mode.

Technical Approach:

1. Determine the extents of the fire safety and security

systems (detection and communication devices and response

strategy)

.

2. Develop a model of the facility of concern using a high

level simulation language.

3. Validate and test the model.

4. Document the model and train building operators in its use.

Product:

1. A fire safety and security incident simulation and response

recommendation model.

2. Model documentation.

Implementation:

The model will be installed as an on-line utility for the

building fire, security, and/or integrated management system.

Impact:

Provides fire safety and security personnel with the means to

describe an incident and receive optional tactical responses that

may be employed.

60
Milestones

1

.

Develop a modeling approach - 9 months

.

2 . Validate and test the model - 1 2 months

.

3 . Document and report the model - 24 month
4.0 SUMMARY

This report has briefly explained the high-tech design approach

being developed by PBS. In addition, the objective and scope of

the potential NBS technical support to PBS have been described.

The results of the NBS support were presented in the form of

functional programming statements and research needs statements.

The functional programming statements were organized according to

the categories of the GSA design directives found in design

programs. Although no statements were developed for categories

one, two and five (see page 3), seven statements were developed

for building infrastructure, three statements were developed for

building enclosures, and seven statements were developed for

building systems.

The research needs statements were also organized to the extent

possible, according to the design directives categories. No

statements were developed for categories one and two, however, two

statements were developed for building infrastructure, six

statements were developed for building enclosures, one statement

was developed for space allocation, and five statements were

developed for building systems.

62
NSS-H-U ^£v. :-*ci J.S. 3EPT. CP COMM.

BIBLIOGRAPHIC DATA

SHEET i See in st,'action s)

1. PUBLICATION OR

REPORT NO.

2. Performing Organ. Reoor: No.] 3. Publication Date

4. TITLE ANO SUBTITLE

Functional Programmi ng/Research Planning for High i echnol ogy -ederal Office Buildings

5. author(S) G.E. Turner, J.R. Clifton, J.Y.

A. I. Rubin, S.T. Wu , S.L. Yaniv

Kao, G.t. Keny, l . w . masters , H . c . icoun,

S. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION [If joint or other than N8S,

NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANOARDS

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

WASHINGTON, O.C. 20234

see in struction sj 7. Contract/Gran: No.

3. Tyoe o‘ Reoort L

= eriod Covered

9. SPONSORING ORGANIZATION NAME AND COMPLETE AODRESS (Scree

Public Buildings Service

General Services Administration

Washington, DC 20405

, City , 5 cate, Zlr

10. supplementary notes

_ Document describes a computer prog r am; 5P-I85, FlPS Software Summary, is attacnec.

11. ABSTRACT (A 200-word or less factual summary of most significant in formation . if 'cc.rsi: . -c.Gdss a s- gn acr.t

bi bi i o graph y or literature survey, mention it here/ The General Services Administration (GSA) , Public Buildings Service (PBS) is engaged in the development of a new design approach for Federal buildings referred to as "high technology"

(high-tech). The approach emphasizes the consideration of new,

emerging and innovative uses of existing technology applications

in building system design, construction and operation. In order

to develop design programs for high-tech building projects,

there is a need for PBS to identify programming issues that

address new, emerging and innovative uses of existing technologies, and there is a need for PBS to develop a plan of research

in support of its high-tech design approach. Under a memorandum

of understanding with GSA, the National Bureau of Standards'

( N3S ) , Center for Building Technology (CBT) assisted PBS by

providing technical support through the development of programming issues and research needs for high-tech office buildings.

The programming issues and research needs developed by N3S

represent the identification of programming and research topics

to be considered by GSA during its programming and research

planning activities.

12. KEY *vCROS • Si x to :wefye entries; aipnasetizs sheer; zac-’.a^ :e c- . c'ose* -:~es: se— :j $

13. AVAILABILITY

U nl imi ted 'yy ~ or O ff i ci a I D i 3 :ri bu ci on , Do Not Release to N T! S Order F r om Suoerincendenc of Documents, U.S. Gove’ir-i

20 402.

Order r - on National : a I Information 3erv.ce V OO-mg-
'

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