NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 206

S on the

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11and Karl Huemmrich, Editors

206

,S TF-9 SSA-OBS Tower Flux,

Soil Temperature

eder, J.B. Moncriefj-_ M.B. Rayment, and P.G. Jarvis

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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 206

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Karl Huemmrich, Editors

Volume 206

BOREAS TF-9 SSA-OBS Tower Flux,

Meteorological, and Soil Temperature

Data

Jonathan M. Massheder, John B. Moncrieff; Mark B. Rayment, and Paul G. Jarvis

University of Edinburgh, UK

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS TF-9 SSA-OBS Tower Flux, Meteorological, and Soil

Temperature Data

Jonathan M. Massheder, John B. Moncrieff, Mark B. Rayment, Paul G. Jarvis

Summary

The BOREAS TF-9 team collected energy, carbon dioxide, and water vapor flux data at the BOREAS

SSA-OBS site during the growing season of 1994 and most of the year for 1996. From the winter of

1995 to 1996, soil temperature data were also collected and provided. The data are available in tabular

ASCII files.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TF-09 SSA-OBS Tower Flux, Meteorological, and Soil Temperature Data

1.2 Data Set Introduction

This data set includes heat, carbon dioxide, and water vapor fluxes measured by eddy covariance

(EC) and meteorological data all measured from the BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Southern Study Area (SSA)-Old Black Spruce (OBS) tower. Soil heat flux and soil temperature

profiles are also included. Through the winter of 1995 to 1996, soil temperature data were collected;

these data are stored in separate files.

Page 1
1.3 Objective/Purpose

Theobjectivesof thisstudywereto measureandmodeltheCO2 exchanges of boreal black spruce

forest to determine whether the soils and vegetation are significant global sinks for atmospheric CO2.

Stand CO2 fluxes were measured using EC, and the CO2 concentration profile was also measured to

allow estimation of the atmospheric storage of CO2 within the canopy. These measurements will be

used to verify scaling up procedures from leaf level measurements and may be scaled up to regional

scales.

1.4 Summary of Parameters and Variables

Latent heat flux, sensible heat flux, carbon dioxide flux, soil heat flux, momentum flux, CO 2

profile, water vapor profile, air temperature profile, net radiation, incident and reflected Photosynthetic

Photon Flux Density (PPFD), incident and reflected solar radiation, wind speed and direction, friction

velocity, soil temperatures, precipitation amount, vapor pressures.

1.5 Discussion

The tower at the SSA-OBS site (53.99 ° N, 105.312 ° W) was equipped with a CO2, water vapor,

and sensible heat flux measuring EC system and a weather station to measure flux driving

environmental variables. CO2 concentration profiles and soil temperatures at various depths were also

measured, as was soil heat flux.

The EC system at the top of the tower consisted of a Solent 3-D sonic anemometer and LI-COR

LI-6262 closed-path infrared gas analyzer (IRGA). The anemometer was placed 2.6 m above the top

platform (25.8 m) on a vertical pole on the southwest corner of the tower. The air was ducted by tube

from close to the anemometer to the LI-6262. The data were collected and processed in 'real time' to

provide near-continuous measurements.

Profiles of CO2 and H20 vapor concentrations were continuously monitored. In 1994, five heights

were measured; in 1996, measurements were made at eight heights through the canopy. These

measurements were made using an IRGA (LI-COR 6262) fitted with time-switched solenoid valves.

The sample heights for 1994 were at 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 26 meters, corresponding to one-eighth,

one-fourth, one-half, one, and two times the canopy height. In 1996, the samples were collected at

eight heights above the ground at approximately 0.5, 1.5, 3.5, 6.5, 9.5, 12.5, 18, and 26 meters. Air

was drawn continuously through the sample pipes at each of the heights, and each line was sampled in

turn. In 1994 each line was sampled for 3 minutes of every 15 minutes; in 1996, each line was

sampled for 1 minute every 10 minutes. Data from the beginning of each period were discarded to

allow for flushing of the short tube between the solenoids and the analyzer. In 1994, the first minute of

data was discarded; in 1996, the first 20 seconds were discarded.

At the top of the tower, a simple weather station was set up to measure the following

environmental variables: net radiation, PPFD, shortwave solar radiation, temperature, relative

humidity, vapor pressure, wind speed and direction, and rainfall. In 1996, a second weather station,

comprising a ventilated psychrometer and net radiometer, was set up at 2 m height above the ground.

Soil temperatures were measured at four locations at 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 meters depth, using

differential thermocouples referenced to thermistors at 1 meter. Soil heat flux was measured using

seven soil heat flux plates, buried about 7 cm below the surface.

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS TF-05 SSA-OJP Tower Flux and Meteorological Data

BOREAS TF-03 NSA-OBS Tower Flux, Meteorological, and Soil Temperature Data

BOREAS TF-04 SSA-YJP Tower Flux, Meteorological, and Soil Temperature Data

BOREAS TF- 11 SSA Fen Tower Flux and Meteorological Data

BOREAS TF-09 SSA-OBS Branch Level Flux Data

Page 2
2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

Prof. Paul G. Jarvis and Dr. John B. Moncrieff

Institute of Ecology and Resource Management

University of Edinburgh UK

2.2 Title of Investigation

The CO2 Exchanges of Boreal Black Spruce Forest

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Mr. Jonathan M. Massheder

Institute of Ecology and Resource Management

University of Edinburgh

Darwin Building

King's Buildings

Edinburgh EH9 3JU

UK

+131 650 8746

+131 662 0478 (fax)

J.Massheder@ed.ac.uk

Contact 2:

Dr. John B. Moncrieff

Institute of Ecology and Resource Management

University of Edinburgh

Darwin Building

King's Buildings

Edinburgh EH9 3JU

UK

+131 650 5402

+131 662 0478 (fax)

J.Moncrieff@ed.ac.uk

Contact 3:

Mr. Mark B. Rayment

Institute of Ecology and Resource Management

University of Edinburgh

Darwin Building

King's Buildings

Edinburgh EH9 3JU

UK

+131 650 5423

+131 662 0478 (fax)

M.Rayment@ed.ac.uk

Page 3
Contact 4:

K. FredHuemmrich

Universityof Maryland

Code923

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt,MD 20771

(301)286-4862

(301)286-0239(fax)

Karl.Huemmrich@gsfc.nasa.gov

3. Theory of Measurements

The net carbon uptake of a forest depends on the assimilation of carbon dioxide by photosynthesis and

on carbon dioxide emissions resulting from respiratory processes. Carbon dioxide assimilation

depends on the species, age, and physiological activity of the trees. Emission depends on the

respiratory cost of maintenance and growth, production of litter, and turnover of organic matter in the

soil. Influencing both these processes are soil, climate, and weather. During the day, carbon dioxide

will generally be taken up by the stand by photosynthesis, while at night carbon dioxide is lost from

the stand. A conservation of mass equation gives:

Fc = Fa+ Fs + Fr+ Fg + DS

where Fc is the net flux of carbon dioxide into (or out of) the stand from the air above, Fa is the

canopy assimilation (or at-night respiration), Fs is stem respiration, Fr is root respiration, Fg is soil

respiration, and DS is storage of carbon dioxide in the air of the stand. With EC, the carbon dioxide

flux is measured through a plane above the stand (Fc), and with the carbon dioxide concentration

profile, the change in storage (DS) can be estimated.

The flux measurements were calculated using EC, and corrections were applied to the covariances

to correct for density effects (Webb et al., 1980). Coordinate rotation of the wind vector components

ensured that the flux calculated was perpendicular with respect to local streamlines, and transfer

functions (Moore, 1986; Philip, 1963) were used to correct for inadequate frequency response.

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

4.1.1 Collection Environment

Measurements were collected from late May through mid-September 1994 and early April through

late November of 1996. Over that time period, temperature conditions from below freezing to over 30

°C were experienced.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

Above-canopy measurements were made from a 23-meter double scaflbld walk-up tower. The

anemometer used in the EC measurements was a Solent 3-D research ultrasonic anemometer. The

Solent outputs three orthogonal wind velocity components and the speed of sound from which air

temperature may be derived at 21 Hz. To measure CO2 and water vapor concentrations, a LI-COR

LI-6262 closed-path IRGA was used. Air 5 cm from the center of the sonic anemometer's path was

ducted down a 32-m Dekabon tube (aluminum tube with PVC coating and polyethylene lining) of

6-mm internal diameter (i.d.). The airflow down the tube was controlled by a Tylan FC2900B mass

flow controller at 6 dmUmin, which resulted in pressure in the LI-6262's sample cell typically 7 kPa

less than atmospheric. The analog-to-digital (A/D) converter in the Solent was used to sample the

Page 4
analogoutputfrom theLI-6262at 11Hz.Thelinearoutputsof theLI-6262wereused,whichallowed

utilizationof theLI-6262'sprocessorto correctfor samplecell pressureandfor CO2bandbroadening

anddilution causedby watervapor.Thefully processedCO2outputof theLI-6262is at 5 Hz andfor

H20 at 3 Hz. The combined wind velocity and IRGA outputs were then transmitted from the Solent

serially and received by a notebook PC, where the fluxes were calculated by the EddySol software.

All CO2 concentration data were logged on a Campbell Scientific CR10 logger, which also

controlled the sample line switching three-way solenoid valves through a customized control circuit.

Sample pipes were of 5-mm-i.d. nylon tubing; CO2 adsorption/desorption was not considered a

problem since all pipes were continuously purged to exhaust while not being sampled to the IRGA.

Sample points consisted of a gauze mosquito cover, an inverted funnel water trap and a fine particulate

filter. Sampling to the LI-COR 6252 IRGA was carried out via a Charles Austin dymax pump,

downstream of which was a needle valve and flow meter, restricting flow to 0.5 dm3/min. The

downstream end of the IRGA was left open to the atmosphere, ensuring operation at atmospheric

pressure. The entire apparatus was housed off the ground, within an enclosed, but ventilated, metal

box.

Weather station:

Campbell 21x data loggers with AM416 multiplexors were used to log output from the sensors

listed below.

Variable

Net radiation

Low-level net radiation

Total solar radiation

PPFD

Relative humidity

Wind direction

Wind speed

Air temperature

Wet bulb temperature

Soil temperatures

Soil heat flux

Precipitation

Sensor

2 x Radiation Energy Balance System (REBS) Q6 net radiometers

REBS Q6 net radiometers

Kipp solarimeter, LI-COR pyranometer

LI-COR quantum sensor

Campbell Skye humidity probe

Vector Instruments windvane

Vector Instruments cup anemometer

DeltaT ventilated psychrometer

DeltaT ventilated psychrometer

Probe developed at Edinburgh University

7 x REBS heat flux plates

DeltaT tipping bucket rain gauge, resolution 0.2 mm

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

The objective was to measure CO2, water vapor, and sensible heat fluxes and related

environmental variables over a black spruce stand at the southern edge of the boreal forest.

4.1.4 Key Variables

EC: CO2 and water vapor fluxes, sensible heat, latent heat fluxes, air temperature, and wind speed

in nominal x, y, and z planes.

Supporting meteorological variables: net radiation, PPFD, air temperature, wet bulb temperature,

total solar radiation, wind direction, wind speed, soil temperatures, CO2, and water vapor

concentration profiles.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

The Solent anemometer uses pulses of ultrasound to measure windspeed. The forward and reverse

transit times for a pulse of ultrasound, between two transducers, gives the speed of sound and the

wind speed (sound travels faster with a following wind). The 3-D sonic has three pairs of transducers

arranged in nonparallel axes, allowing the 3-D components of the wind velocity to be derived.

The LI-COR LI-6262 IRGAs are closed-path instruments with reference and sample cells with an

infrared source at one end and a detector at the other. Different gases absorb infrared of different

frequencies, and filters are used to select a narrow band that corresponds to an absorption band of the

Page 5
gasof interest.TheLI-6252measuresonly CO2, while the LI-6262 measures CO2 and H20

concentration. A gas of known concentration is passed through a reference cell, and the gas whose

concentration is to be measured is passed through the sample cell. The amount of infrared reaching the

detector in each cell is a function of the gas concentration in the cell. The difference in voltage

produced by the detectors of the reference and sample cells is then a function of the difference in

concentration of the gas in the cells.

Other sensors were common meteorological sensors used in a standard fashion. For principles of

operations of these sensors, please see a relevant textbook, e.g., Pearcy et al. (1991).

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

The closed-path EC system was placed on an upright pole at the southwest comer of the top of the

flux tower. The southwest comer was chosen because a tramway system was set up at the northern

end of the tower, and the main fetch at the site is from the west. Because the equipment was 3 m above

the top of the tower on a pole, the tower would cause very little disturbance to the wind, whatever its

direction. Therefore, EC measurements would not be especially invalidated by any wind direction with

respect to the tower; however, the access trail to the site is to the east, and any production of CO2 by

people or vehicles on the trail may affect the CO2 fluxes measured if the wind is from the east. Also, in

the making of the access trail, extensive damage was caused to the muskeg, with many trees being

felled; hence, photosynthesis over this area will be uncharacteristically lower and respiration similarly

high.

Sample points for the CO2 concentration measurements for 1994 were at 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 26

meters, corresponding to one-eighth, one-fourth, one-half, one, and approximately two times the

canopy height. In 1996 the samples were collected at eight heights above the ground at 0.52, 1.66,

3.36, 6.44, 9.6, 12.66, 17.74, and 27.42 meters.

The weather station was set up on the eastern side at the top of the tower at 24 m about 2.6 m

horizontally from the EC system. The rain gauge was located on top of the tower which was the place

that offered the least obstruction. Two net radiometers were mounted on the south side of the tower at

a height of 16 m extending 3 m from the tower. This position offered more symmetry of the effect of

the tower on upward and downward fluxes than if the radiometers were placed at the top of the tower.

Two solarimeters (CM3, Kipp & Zonen) were also mounted on these booms, measuring incoming and

reflected solar radiation. The low-level EC system and weather station were set up approximately 30 m

to the west of the main tower. A net radiometer was positioned below the canopy, at a height of 2 m

above the ground.

In 1994, the soil temperature probe was located about 10 m from the southwest comer of the

tower. In 1996, four soil temperature probes were installed, two to the northeast and two to the

southeast of the tower. Two soil heat flux plates were placed within 5 m of each probe.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

Solent sonic anemometer:

Gill Instruments Limited

Solent House

Cannon Street

Lymington, Hampshire

SO41 9BR

UK

Campbell CA27s sonic anemometer:

Skye Humidity probe:

Campbell Scientific

P.O. Box 551

Logan, UT 84321

USA

Page 6
LI-COR LI-6262andLI-6252IRGAs

Pyranometer,quantumsensor:

LI-COR P.O.Box4425/4421

SuperiorStreet

Lincoln, NE 68504

USA

AdvancedSystemsE009aIRGA:

AdvancedSystemsInc.

OkayamaCity,Japan

Delta-Tpsychrometersandraingauge:

Delta-TDevicesltd.

128Low Rd.,Burwell,

CambsCB50EJ

UK

Soil heatflux plate

Netradiometer:

REBS

P.O.Box 15512

Seattle,WA 98115-0512

ElmerNJ08318

USA

Windvane,cupanemometer:

VectorInstruments

115MarshRoad

Rhyl

Clwyd LL182AB

UK

Raingauge:

Cassella

RegentHouse

BritanniaWalk

LondonN17ND

UK

21x,CR10Dataloggingsystem:

CampbellScientific

P.O.Box 551,

Logan,UT 84321

USA

A/D card:

StrawberryTreeInc.

160S.Wolfe Rd.

Sunnyvale,CA 94086

USA

Page7
Dekabontubing:

J.P.Deane& Co.Ltd.,

91,OrmondeCrescent

Glasgow.G443SW

UK

Massflow controller:

TylanGeneral

SwindonUK

4.2 Calibration

4.2.1 Specifications

IInstrument

IILI-6262, closed-path EC

IIsystem

IISolent anemometers

II

IILI-6262 CO 2

IIconcentration profile

IIsystem

II

IIRadiometers

II

IIQuantum sensor

II

IICup anemometer

IIHumidity probe

II

IIPsychrometer

II

IIWind vane

[Pyranometer

Description

The output linearization of this instrument is calibrated by the manufacturer and was last

performed in July 1993. The field calibration fixes the lower and upper ends of the

linearization function and is carried out by passing CO2 and water vapor free air through the

reference cell (the instrument is used in the absolute mode) and setting the CO2 and water

vapor channels to zero. The upper point is set by passing dry air of known CO 2 or of

known water vapor concentration through the sample cell and adjusting the appropriate

channel to read the correct value. CO2 standard gases were cross-referenced to the BOREAS

primary standards, and a LI-COR LI-610 dewpoint generator was used to produce air of

known water vapor density.

These instruments have stable calibrations, and factory values were used. The calibrations

have been tested in Edinburgh University's wind tunnel and were found satisfactory.

The IRGA was calibrated at the outset. The air from the uppermost height was the same air

that had been through the EC LI-6262 IRGA, and the analyzer was calibrated whenever the

difference between the two IRGAs was more then a couple of ppm. No corrections were

applied to compensate water vapor cross-sensitivity.

One of the radiometers was purchased new from the manufacturers: the calibration factor

supplied with it was assumed to be accurate, and it was used as a standard against which the

second one was calibrated in July 1993.

This was calibrated against another quantum sensor that is kept as a standard and is not used

the field. This calibration was performed in 1993.

The cup anemometer was calibrated in the wind tunnel at Edinburgh University.

The Skye temperature and humidity probe was calibrated in July 1993 by enclosing it in

flasks containing salt solutions of known equilibrium water vapor pressures as supplied by

Campbell.

1994: The psychrometer was calibrated in July 1993.

1996: The psychrometer were purchased new, and the manufacturer's calibration factors for

the temperature sensors were assumed to be accurate.

This was purchased new, and the manufacturer's calibration factors were used.

This was purchased new, and the manufacturer's calibration factors were used.

Page 8
4.2.1.1 Tolerance

None given.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibrations

The LI-6262 was usually calibrated, every 4 to 7 days. Typical CO2 drift was 1-ppm drift in span

and offset. Typical drift for the water vapor was 0.1 kPa in span and offset.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

None given.

5. Data Acquisition Methods

Closed-path EC system: Analog output from the LI-6262 IRGA (CO 2 and water vapor concentrations)

was digitized by the Solent anemometer at 11 Hz (which has provision for up to five analog inputs).

The three wind velocity components and speed of sound at 21 Hz were added, and 20 of these records

were transmitted in a packet together almost every second to a computer (PC) using a serial (RS232)

link. The software (EddySol) then computed fluxes in real time, including coordinate rotation but not

frequency response corrections. Corrections for the effect of water vapor density on CO2 density were

carried out by the LI-6262's internal software. The Solent digitization is 11 bit with input voltage

between 0 and 5 V. The LI-6262 output A/D converters were set for a 0 to 5 V range to correspond

with a 300 to 500 ppm CO2 concentration range and a 0 to 25 kPa vapor pressure range. Primary data

and computed fluxes were stored on hard disk. Primary data were periodically offloaded onto

removable Syquest hard disk cartridges.

Three Campbell Scientific 21x data loggers were employed to log the data: one for the soil

temperature probes and soil heat flux plates, one for the CO2 and H20 concentration profiles and one

for the rest of the weather station. The raw signal from each sensor was converted into the appropriate

units in the data logger program.

6.1 Data Notes

None.

6.2 Field Notes

None.

6. Observations

7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

All data were collected at the BOREAS SSA-OBS site. North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83)

coordinates for the site are latitude 53.98717 ° N, longitude 105.11779 ° W, and elevation of 628.94 m.

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not applicable.

Page 9
7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

TheEC,CO2concentrationprofile,andwatervapormeasurementsareall pointmeasurements, but

theconcentrationsof CO2andwatervaporandthetemperatureatapointareinfluencedby acertain

areadownwind,sometimesreferredto asa"footprint."OtherrelatedtermsareWind AlignedBlob

(WAB) andfetch,andtheiruseis sometimesconfused.

Thefootprintis theroughlypear-shaped(broadendtowardthemeasurementpoint)area

contributingto aparticularmeasurementandits sizeandshapedependsonmeasurement height,wind

speed,sensibleheatflux, andsurfaceroughnessduringthemeasurementperiod.Thecontributionto

themeasurement by apointupwindis alogarithmicfunctionof distance.Thetheoreticalfootprintis

infinite, butto maketheconceptof afootprintmoreuseful,thefootprint shouldbedefinedasthearea

contributingto acertainproportionof themeasuredquantity;e.g.,95%.

ThetermWAB asusedin BOREASis theareacontributingto measurementsovertheperiodof the

field campaign;i.e.,theareaoccupiedby thefootprintsof manymeasurements. Theshapeof sucha

WAB is circular,thoughoftenwith asectordiscardedbecauseeitherthewind rarelycomesfrom that

directionorcontaminationis expectedfrom thatdirection.

Thefetchis thedistancethewindtravelsoveracertainsurfacetypebeforeit reachesaparticular

(e.g.,themeasurement)point.Therefore,if oneis tryingto makemeasurementspertainingto acertain

vegetationtype,thelengthof thefootprintshouldbelessthanorequalto thefetchoverthatvegetation.

As themeasurementis influencedby alargeareadownwind(thefootprint)if thewind flow and

vegetationoverthatareaarehomogenous,themeasurementswill berepresentativefor thatarea;hence,

thestringentrequirementsfor EC sites.

TheCO2concentrationsarepointdata,verticallyspreadbelowtheEC systemwith footprints

similarto thatof thetopECsystembut smallerandcomplicatedby thelesshomogenousturbulence

within thecanopycomparedto thatabove.

7.1.4 Projection

None.

7.1.5 Grid Description

None.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

The data were collected from 24-May to 19-September-1995 and from 24-March to

29-November-1996. Soil temperatures and heat fluxes were measured from 15-November-1995 to

29-November- 1996.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

None.

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

The values are half hour averages except for rainfall, which is a half hour total. Soil temperatures

in 1996 before 11-April- 1996 are hourly averages.

7.3 Data Characteristics

Page 10
7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The parameters contained in the flux data files on the CD-ROM are:

TF09 TOWER FLUX DATA:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC LATENT HEAT FLUX

NET RAD ABV CNPY

SOIL HEAT FLUX 7CM

CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC CO2 FLUX

CO2 CONC ABV CNPY

CO2 STORAGE

DOWN PPFD ABV CNPY

UP PPFD ABV CNPY

WIND DIR ABV CNPY

WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

FRICTION VELOC ABV CNPY

MOMENTUM FLUX ABV CNPY

SDEV U WIND SPEED

SDEV V WIND SPEED

SDEV W WIND SPEED

H20 FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC H20 FLUX

AIR TEMP 150CM

AIR TEMP 350CM

AIR TEMP 650CM

AIR TEMP 950CM

AIR TEMP 1250CM

AIR TEMP 18M

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

NET RAD BELOW CNPY

SOIL TEMP 25MM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

SOIL TEMP 50CM

SOIL TEMP 100CM

VAPOR PRESS ABV CNPY

VAPOR PRESS BELOW CNPY

RAINFALL

DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

UP SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

CO2 CONC 50CM

CO2 CONC 150CM

CO2 CONC 300CM

CO2 CONC 350CM

Page 11
CO2 CONC 600CM

CO2 CONC 650CM

CO2 CONC 950CM

CO2 CONC 1200CM

CO2 CONC 1250CM

CO2 CONC 1800CM

H20 CONC 50CM

H20 CONC 150CM

H20 CONC 350CM

H20 CONC 650CM

H20 CONC 950CM

H20 CONC 1250CM

H20 CONC 1800CM

H20 CONC ABV CNPY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

TF09 SOIL TEMP DATA:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SOIL HEAT FLUX 7CM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

SOIL TEMP 50CM

SOIL TEMP 100CM

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the flux data files on the CD-ROM are:

TF09 TOWER FLUX DATA:

Column Name Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS,

in the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by

BOREAS, in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is

the group associated with the sub-site

instrument, e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the

identifier for sub-site, often this will refer to

an instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

The Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) of the start of the

Page 12
SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC LATENT HEAT FLUX

NET RAD ABV CNPY

SOIL HEAT FLUX 7CM

CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC CO2 FLUX

CO2 CONC ABV CNPY

CO2 STORAGE

DOWN PPFD ABV CNPY

UP PPFD ABV CNPY

WIND DIR ABV CNPY

WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

FRICTION VELOC ABV CNPY

MOMENTUM FLUX ABV CNPY

SDEV U WIND SPEED

SDEV V WIND SPEED

SDEV W WIND SPEED

H20 FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC H20 FLUX

AIR TEMP 150CM

AIR TEMP 350CM

AIR TEMP 650CM

AIR TEMP 950CM

AIR TEMP 1250CM

data collection.

The sensible heat flux measured above the canopy.

The sensible heat flux measured above the canopy

Data on calm nights have been adjusted. Gaps in

the eddy flux measurements have been filled in

using regression equations of eddy flux against

meteorological variables.

The latent heat flux measured above the canopy.

The latent heat flux measured above the canopy.

Data on calm nights has been adjusted. Gaps in

the eddy flux measurements have been filled in

using regression equations of eddy flux against

meteorological variables.

The net radiation measured above the canopy.

The soil heat flux measured at 7 cm depth.

The carbon dioxide flux measured above the

canopy.

The carbon dioxide flux measured above the

canopy.

Data on calm nights have been adjusted. Gaps

in the eddy flux measurements have been filled in

using regression equations of eddy flux against

meteorological variables.

The carbon dioxide concentration measured above

the canopy.

The storage term of carbon dioxide under the eddy

flux system.

The incoming photosynthetic photon flux density

measured above the canopy.

The reflected photosynthetic photon flux density

measured above the canopy.

The wind direction measured above the canopy.

The wind speed measured above the canopy.

The friction velocity above the canopy.

The momentum flux measured above the canopy.

Standard deviation of the streamwise wind speed.

Standard deviation of the lateral wind speed.

Standard deviation of the vertical wind speed.

The water vapor flux measured above the canopy.

The water vapor flux measured above the canopy.

Data on calm nights have been adjusted. Gaps in

the eddy flux measurements have been filled in

using regression equations of eddy flux against

meteorological variables.

The air temperature measured at 1.5 meters above

the ground.

The air temperature measured at 3.5 meters above

the ground.

The air temperature measured at 6.5 meters above

the ground.

The air temperature measured at 9.5 meters above

the ground.

The air temperature measured at 12.5 meters above

the ground.

Page 13
AIR TEHP 18H

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

NET RAD BELOW CNPY

SOIL TEMP 25MM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

SOIL TEMP 50CM

SOIL TEMP 100CM

VAPOR PRESS ABV CNPY

VAPOR PRESS BELOW CNPY

RAINFALL

DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

UP SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

CO2 CONC 50CM

CO2 CONC 150CM

CO2 CONC 300CM

CO2 CONC 350CH

CO2 CONC 600CM

CO2 CONC 650CM

CO2 CONC 950CH

CO2 CONC 1200CH

CO2 CONC 1250CH

CO2 CONC 1800CH

H20 CONC 50CM

H20 CONC 150CM

H20 CONC 350CH

H20 CONC 650CH

H20 CONC 950CH

H20 CONC 1250CH

H20 CONC 1800CH

H20 CONC ABV CNPY

The air temperature measured at 18 meters above

the ground.

The air temperature measured above the canopy.

The net radiation measured below the canopy.

The soil temperature recorded at 25 mm in depth.

Soil temperature measured at a depth of 5 cm.

Soil temperature at i0 cm depth.

Soil temperature at 20 cm depth.

Soil temperature measured at 50 cm depth.

The soil temperature recorded at 1 m in depth.

The vapor pressure measured above the canopy.

The vapor pressure measured below the canopy.

The amount of rainfall in this 30 minute period

measured above the canopy.

The downward (incoming) solar radiation measured

above the canopy.

The reflected (outgoing) solar radiation measured

above the canopy.

The carbon dioxide concentration measured at 50

cm above the ground.

The carbon dioxide concentration measured at 1 5

m above the ground.

The carbon dioxide concentration measured at 3 m

above the ground.

The carbon dioxide concentration measured at 3 5

m above the ground.

The carbon dioxide concentration measured at 6 m

above the ground.

The carbon dioxide concentration measured at 6 5

m above the ground.

The carbon dioxide concentration measured at 9 5

m above the ground.

The carbon dioxide concentration measured at 12

m above the ground.

The carbon dioxide concentration measured at 12.

5 m above the ground.

The carbon dioxide concentration measured at 18

m above the ground.

The water vapor concentration measured at 50 cm

above the ground

The water vapor concentration measured at 1.5 m

above the ground

The water vapor concentration measured at 3.5 m

above the ground

The water vapor concentration measured at 6.5 m

above the ground

The water vapor concentration measured at 9.5 m

above the ground

The water vapor concentration measured at 12.5 m

above the ground

The water vapor concentration measured at 18 m

above the ground

The water vapor concentration measured above the

canopy.

Page 14
CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

TF09 SOIL TEMP DATA:

Column Name

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SOIL HEAT FLUX 7CM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

SOIL TEMP 50CM

SOIL TEMP 100CM

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS, in

the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by BOREAS,

in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is the

group associated with the sub-site instrument,

e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the identifier

for sub-site, often this will refer to an

instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

The Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) of the start of the

data collection.

The soil heat flux measured at 7 cm depth.

Soil temperature measured at a depth of 5 cm.

Soil temperature at i0 cm depth.

Soil temperature at 20 cm depth.

Soil temperature measured at 50 cm depth.

The soil temperature recorded at 1 m in depth.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The measurement units for the parameters contained in the flux data files on the CD-ROM are:

TF09 TOWER FLUX DATA:

Column Name Units

SITE NAME [none]

SUB SITE [none]

DATE OBS [DD-MON-YY]

TIME OBS [HHMM GMT]

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY [Watts] [meter^-2]

CALC SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX [Watts] [meter^-2]

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY [Watts] [meter^-2]

CALC LATENT HEAT FLUX [Watts] [meter^-2]

NET RAD ABV CNPY [Watts] [meter^-2]

Page 15
SOIL HEAT FLUX 7CM

CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC CO2 FLUX

CO2 CONC ABV CNPY

CO2 STORAGE

DOWN PPFD ABV CNPY

UP PPFD ABV CNPY

WIND DIR ABV CNPY

WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

FRICTION VELOC ABV CNPY

MOMENTUM FLUX ABV CNPY

SDEV U WIND SPEED

SDEV V WIND SPEED

SDEV W WIND SPEED

H20 FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC H20 FLUX

AIR TEMP 150CM

AIR TEMP 350CM

AIR TEMP 650CM

AIR TEMP 950CM

AIR TEMP 1250CM

AIR TEMP 18M

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

NET RAD BELOW CNPY

SOIL TEMP 25MM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

SOIL TEMP 50CM

SOIL TEMP 100CM

VAPOR PRESS ABV CNPY

VAPOR PRESS BELOW CNPY

RAINFALL

DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

UP SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

CO2 CONC 50CM

CO2 CONC 150CM

CO2 CONC 300CM

CO2 CONC 350CM

CO2 CONC 600CM

CO2 CONC 650CM

CO2 CONC 950CM

CO2 CONC 1200CM

CO2 CONC 1250CM

CO2 CONC 1800CM

H20 CONC 50CM

H20 CONC 150CM

H20 CONC 350CM

H20 CONC 650CM

H20 CONC 950CM

H20 CONC 1250CM

H20 CONC 1800CM

H20 CONC ABV CNPY

CRTFCN CODE

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[micromoles] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

[micromoles] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

[parts per million]

[micromoles] meter^-2] [second^-l]

[micromoles] meter^-2] [second^-l]

[micromole] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

[degrees from North]

[meters] [second^-l]

[meters] [second^-l]

[meters^2] [second^-2]

[meters] [s^-l]

[meters] [s^-l]

[meters] [s^-l]

[millimole] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

[millimoles] meter^-2] [second^-l]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[kiloPascals

[kiloPascals

[millimeters

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[Watts] [meter^-2]

[parts per million]

[parts per million]

[parts per million]

[parts per million]

[parts per million]

[parts per million]

[parts per million]

[parts per million]

[parts per million]

[parts per million]

[parts per thousand]

[parts per thousand]

[parts per thousand]

[parts per thousand]

[parts per thousand]

[parts per thousand]

[parts per thousand]

[parts per thousand]

[none]

Page 16
REVISION DATE [DD-MON-YY]

TF09 SOIL TEMP DATA:

Column Name Units

SITE NAME [none]

SUB SITE [none]

DATE OBS [DD-MON-YY]

TIME OBS [HHMM GMT]

SOIL HEAT FLUX 7CM [Watts] [meter^-2]

SOIL TEMP 5CM [degrees Celsius]

SOIL TEMP 10CM [degrees Celsius]

SOIL TEMP 20CM [degrees Celsius]

SOIL TEMP 50CM [degrees Celsius]

SOIL TEMP 100CM [degrees Celsius]

CRTFCN CODE [none]

REVISION DATE [DD-MON-YY]

7.3.4 Data Source

The source of the parameter values contained in the flux data files on the CD-ROM are:

TF09 TOWER FLUX DATA:

Column Name Data Source

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC LATENT HEAT FLUX

NET RAD ABV CNPY

SOIL HEAT FLUX 7CM

CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC CO2 FLUX

CO2 CONC ABV CNPY

CO2 STORAGE

DOWN PPFD ABV CNPY

UP PPFD ABV CNPY

WIND DIR ABV CNPY

WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

FRICTION VELOC ABV CNPY

MOMENTUM FLUX ABV CNPY

SDEV U WIND SPEED

SDEV V WIND SPEED

SDEV W WIND SPEED

H20 FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC H20 FLUX

AIR TEMP 150CM

AIR TEMP 350CM

AIR TEMP 650CM

AIR TEMP 950CM

AIR TEMP 1250CM

[Assigned by BORIS]

[Assigned by BORIS]

[Supplied by Investigator]

[Supplied by Investigator]

[Solent anemometer]

[Supplied by Investigator]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Supplied by Investigator]

[Net radiometer]

[Heat flux plates]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Supplied by Investigator]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[quantum sensor]

[quantum sensor]

[windvane]

[cup anemometer]

[Solent anemometer]

[Solent anemometer]

[Solent anemometer]

[Solent anemometer]

[Solent anemometer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Supplied by Investigator]

[ventilated psychrometer]

[ventilated psychrometer]

[ventilated psychrometer]

[ventilated psychrometer]

[ventilated psychrometer]

Page 17
AIR TEHP 18H

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

NET RAD BELOW CNPY

SOIL TEMP 25MM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

SOIL TEMP 50CM

SOIL TEMP 100CM

VAPOR PRESS ABV CNPY

VAPOR PRESS BELOW CNPY

RAINFALL

DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

UP SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY

CO2 CONC 50CM

CO2 CONC 150CM

CO2 CONC 300CM

CO2 CONC 350CM

CO2 CONC 600CM

CO2 CONC 650CM

CO2 CONC 950CM

CO2 CONC 1200CM

CO2 CONC 1250CM

CO2 CONC 1800CM

H20 CONC 50CM

H20 CONC 150CM

H20 CONC 350CM

H20 CONC 650CM

H20 CONC 950CM

H20 CONC 1250CM

H20 CONC 1800CM

H20 CONC ABV CNPY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

TF09 SOIL TEMP DATA:

Column Name

[ventilated psychrometer]

[ventilated psychrometer]

[Net radiometer]

[Soil temperature probe]

[Soil temperature probe]

[Soil temperature probe]

[Soil temperature probe]

[Soil temperature probe]

[Soil temperature probe]

[ventilated psychrometer]

[ventilated psychrometer]

[tipping bucket rain gauge]

[solarimeter]

[solarimeter]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Infrared Gas Analyzer]

[Assigned by BORIS]

[Assigned by BORIS]

Data Source

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SOIL HEAT FLUX 7CM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

SOIL TEMP 50CM

SOIL TEMP 100CM

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

[Assigned by BORIS]

[Assigned by BORIS]

[Supplied by Investigator]

[Supplied by Investigator]

[Heat flux plates]

[Soil temperature probe]

[Soil temperature probe]

[Soil temperature probe]

[Soil temperature probe]

[Soil temperature probe]

[Assigned by BORIS]

[Assigned by BORIS]

Page 18
7.3.5 Data Range

The following table gives information about the parameter values found in the flux data files on the

CD-ROM.

TF09 TOWER FLUX DATA:

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

SENSIBLE HEAT FLUX

ABV CNPY

CALC SENSIBLE HEAT

FLUX

LATENT HEAT FLUX ABV

CNPY

CALC LATENT HEAT

FLUX

NET RAD ABV CNPY

SOIL HEAT FLUX 7CM

CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC CO2 FLUX

CO2 CONC ABV CNPY

CO2 STORAGE

DOWN PPFD ABV CNPY

UP PPFD ABV CNPY

WIND DIR ABV CNPY

WIND SPEED ABV CNPY

FRICTION VELOC ABV

CNPY

MOMENTUM FLUX ABV

CNPY

SDEV U WIND SPEED

SDEV V WIND SPEED

SDEV W WIND SPEED

H20 FLUX ABV CNPY

CALC H20 FLUX

AIR TEMP 150CM

AIR TEMP 350CM

AIR TEMP 650CM

AIR TEMP 950CM

AIR TEMP 1250CM

AIR TEMP 18M

AIR TEMP ABV CNPY

NET RAD BELOW CNPY

SOIL TEMP 25MM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

SOIL TEMP 50CM

SOIL TEMP 100CM

SSA-OBS-FLXTR SSA-OBS-FLXTR None None None None

9TF09-FLX01 9TF09-FLX01 None None None None

23-MAY-94 29-NOV-96 None None None None

0 2330 None None None None

-202.958 1349.93 None None None Blank

-202.958 701.344 None None None Blank

-421.47 436.37 None None None Blank

-57.194 409.343 None None None Blank

-145.8

-11.071

-75.4

-18.9484

334.1333

-47.18

0

-7.44

0

0

0

-2 .194

.O5

.04

.01

-9.53

-1.2794

-30 91

-30 99

-31 1

-27 58

-24 13

-24 06

-24 39

-99 6

.18

-12 397

-7.206

-1.035

-.22

-.03

759

54.72

47.97

34.0627

447.7667

27.52

1936

151.9

360

11.13

1 4812

1 83

5 47

4 96

2.2

9.87

9.2129

32 74

33 48

32 72

32 2

32 31

32 48

31 46

606

29.42

22 .56

17.118

12 .414

9.111

7.926

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

Page 19
VAPOR PRESS ABV CNPY .0026

VAPOR PRESS BELOW

CNPY

RAINFALL

DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV

CNPY

UP SOLAR RAD ABV

CNPY

CO2 CONC 50CM

CO2 CONC 150CM

CO2 CONC 300CM

CO2 CONC 350CM

CO2 CONC 600CM

CO2 CONC 650CM

CO2 CONC 950CM

CO2 CONC 1200CM

CO2 CONC 1250CM

CO2 CONC 1800CM

H20 CONC 50CM

H20 CONC 150CM

H20 CONC 350CM

H20 CONC 650CM

H20 CONC 950CM

H20 CONC 1250CM

H20 CONC 1800CM

H20 CONC ABV CNPY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

-.007

.0001

334 333

326 3

296 22

332 933

315 78

332 633

333 833

283 09

333 767

334 133

15

15

143

123

13

15

143

163

CPI

02-SEP-98

3.15

3.585

11.4

1007

108 6811

713 6

659 5

567 88

624 533

496 78

597 133

463 767

433 82

440 667

440 267

21.25

21 083

21 193

21 183

21 317

21 55

21 45

21 193

CP

02-SEP-98

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None Blank

None None None None

None None None None

TF09 SOIL TEMP DATA:

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SITE NAME SSA-OBS-FLXTR SSA-OBS-FLXTR None None None None

SUB SITE 9TF09-FLX01 9TF09-FLX01 None None None None

DATE OBS 15-NOV-95 23-MAR-96 None None None None

TIME OBS 0 2330 None None None None

SOIL HEAT FLUX 7CM -11.009 2.161 None None None None

SOIL TEMP 5CM -7.872 1.338 None None None None

SOIL TEMP 10CM -4.328 1.298 None None None None

SOIL TEMP 20CM -.836 1.271 None None None None

SOIL TEMP 50CM .624 2.399 None None None None

SOIL TEMP 100CM 1.147 3.004 None None None None

CRTFCN CODE CPI CPI None None None None

REVISION DATE 03-SEP-98 03-SEP-98 None None None None

Minimum Data Value -- The minimum value found in the column.

Maximum Data Value -- The maximum value found in the column.

Missng Data Value -- The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Unrel Data Value -- The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

Page 20
to indicate an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the value was deemed to be

unreliable by the analysis personnel•

Below Detect Limit -- The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits• This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation•

Data Not Cllctd -- This value indicates that no attempt was made to

determine the parameter value• This usually

indicates that BORIS combined several similar but

not identical data sets into the same data base table

but this particular science team did not

measure that parameter•

Blank -- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value•

N/A -- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column•

None -- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column•

7.4 Sample Data Record

The following are wrapped versions of data record from a sample flux data file on the CD-ROM.

TF09 TOWER FLUX DATA:

SITV, NAMV.,SUB SITV.,DATV. OBS,TIMV. OBS,SV.NSIBLV. HV.AT FLUX ABV CNPY,

CALC SV.NSIBLV. HV.AT FLUX, LATV.NT HV.AT FLUX ABV CNPY,CALC LATV.NT HV.AT FLUX,

NV.T RAD ABV CNPY, SOIL HV.AT FLUX 7CM, CO2 FLUX ABV CNPY,CALC CO2 FLUX,

CO2 CONC ABV CNPY,CO2 STORAGV.,DOWN PPFD ABV CNPY,UP PPFD ABV CNPY,

WIND DIR ABV CNPY,WIND SPV.V.D ABV CNPY,FRICTION VV.LOC ABV CNPY,

MOMV.NTUM FLUX ABV CNPY, SDV.V U WIND SPV.V.D, SDV.V V WIND SPV.V.D, SDV.V W WIND SPV.V.D,

H20 FLUX ABV CNPY,CALC H20 FLUX,AIR TV.MP 150CM, AIR TV.MP 350CM, AIR TV.MP 650CM,

AIR TV.MP 950CM, AIR TV.MP 1250CM, AIR TV.MP 18M, AIR TV.MP ABV CNPY,NV.T RAD BV.LOW CNPY,

SOIL TV.MP 25MM, SOIL TV.MP 5CM, SOIL TV.MP 10CM, SOIL TV.MP 20CM, SOIL TV.MP 50CM,

SOIL TV.MP 100CM, VAPOR PRESS ABV CNPY,VAPOR PRESS BELOW CNPY,RAINFALL,

DOWN SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY,UP SOLAR RAD ABV CNPY,CO2 CONC 50CM, CO2 CONC 150CM,

CO2 CONC 300CM, CO2 CONC 350CM, CO2 CONC 600CM, CO2 CONC 650CM, CO2 CONC 950CM,

CO2 CONC 1200CM, CO2 CONC 1250CM, CO2 CONC 1800CM, H20 CONC 50CM, H20 CONC 150CM,

H20 CONC 350CM, H20 CONC 650CM, H20 CONC 950CM, H20 CONC 1250CM, H20 CONC 1800CM,

H20 CONC ABV CNPY,CRTFCN CODV.,RV.VISION DATV.

'SSA-OBS-FLXTR', '9TF09-FLX01',01-APR-96,0,77.067,77.067,4.696,4.696,37.44,-4.841,

•2878, .2878,377.3333, .774,277.6,22.743,294.1,3.191, .595,-.354,1.27,1.15, .71,

•1038, .1038,-7.24,-6.73,-6.31,-5.88, , ,-7.07,-15.26, ,-2.248,-1.034, .255,1.201,

1.659, .0993, ,0.0,220.2501,21.7411,377.4,377.333, ,377.367, ,377.233,377.067, ,

377.033,376.967,1.51,1.52,1.38,1.363,1.35,1.343,1.36,1.343, 'CPI' , 22-SEP-98

' SSA-OBS-FLXTR', '9TFO9-FLXOI',OI-APR-96,30,4.047,4.047,2.109,2.109,-17.21,-4.879,

•0354, .0354,377.8333, .253,151.8,12.558,285.1,3.732, .4911,-.2412,1.03, .9, .57,

•0355, .0355,-7.95,-7.87,-7.5 .... -7.46,-18.61, ,-2.26,-1.035, .253,1.199,1.659,

•0987, ,0.0,139.8501,15.2011,378.0,378.067, ,377.833, ,377.7,377.633, ,377.567,377.8,

1.503,1.433,1.373,1.35,1.367,1.343,1.377,1.353, 'CPI' , 22-SEP-98

Page 21
TF09 SOIL TEMP DATA:

SITE NAME,SUB SITE,DATE OBS,TIME OBS,SOIL HEAT FLUX 7CM, SOIL TEMP 5CM,

SOIL TEMP 10CM, SOIL TEMP 20CM, SOIL TEMP 50CM, SOIL TEMP 100CM, CRTFCN CODE,

REVISION DATE

'SSA-OBS-FLXTR', '9TF09-FLX01',01-JAN-96,30,-2.94,-I.885,-.745, .499,1.365,1.992,

'CPI',03-SEP-98

'SSA-OBS-FLXTR', '9TF09-FLX01',01-JAN-96,130,-2.932,-I.876,-.74, .504,1.366,1.992,

'CPI',03-SEP-98

8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest unit of data tracked by the BOREAS Information System (BORIS) was data collected

at a given site on a given date.

8.2 Data Format

The Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) files contain American Standard Code for

Information Interchange (ASCII) numerical and character fields of varying length separated by

commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between

the fields.

Each data file on the CD-ROM has four header lines of Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML)

code at the top. When viewed with a Web browser, this code displays header information (data set

title, location, date, acknowledgments, etc.) and a series of HTML links to associated data files and

related data sets. Line 5 of each data file is a list of the column names, and line 6 and following lines

contain the actual data.

9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

Fluctuations were calculated using an autoregressive moving average (digital filter). These

fluctuations were used to calculate the covariances and variances. Coordinate rotation was a geometric

transformation. The speed of sound was corrected for wind speed normal to the transducer path

(Kaimal and Gaynor, 1991) with geometric transformations to allow for the nonorthogonal

arrangement of transducer in the Solent anemometer. Sonic temperature was calculated from the speed

of sound, and corrections to sensible heat flux calculated using sonic rather than absolute temperature

were made (Schotanus et al., 1983). Corrections for nonideal response were applied (Moore, 1986;

Philip, 1963).

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

None.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

Moving averages, variances, and covariances were calculated in real time, and coordinate rotation

was applied on the half-hourly covariances and variances. Corrections for the use of sonic temperature

were applied after data collection.

Page 22
9.2.1 Processing Steps

BORISstaffprocessedthesedataby:

• Reviewingtheinitial datafilesandloadingthemonlinefor BOREASteamaccess.

• Designingrelationaldatabasetablesto inventoryandstorethedata.

• Loadingthedataintotherelationaldatabasetables.

• Workingwith theteamto documenthedataset.

• Extractingthedataintologicalfiles.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None.

9.3 Calculations

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

None.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

The eddy flux measurements on calm nights underestimate the surface fluxes. Inspection of the

CO2 storage flux also shows that storage flux does not account for the underestimation by the CO2

eddy flux. To provide estimates of the surface fluxes of CO2, H20, sensible heat, and latent heat

fluxes, the variables FILLED_CO2_FLUX_26M, FILLED_SENSIBLE_HEAT_26M,

FILLED_LATENT HEAT 26M, and FILLED_H20_FLUX_26M have been added to the data set.

These variables are equal to the corresponding eddy flux values except on calm nights as defined

below. Gaps in the eddy flux measurements have also been "filled in" by use of regression equations

of eddy flux against meteorological variables. Below is the SAS (SAS Institute, NC) program that was

used to calculate these variables.

/**************** SAS PROGRAM *************************

data boreas96 .boris96f;

merge boreas96.boris96m boreas96.amodel;

by end time;

SVP : 0.611 * exp(17.27*Tskye/(Tskye+237.15)); * saturated vapor pressure

• Tskye is AIR TEMP 26M

VPD : SVP - VP; * VPD is saturated vapor pressure deficit

• VP is vapor pressure

SHF; * Rn is R NET 16M; SHF is SOIL HEAT FLUX 7CM

6 and month <=8 then

exp(0.6038 + 0.0833 *Ts5cm + 0.0096 * Tskye) * Respiration

Rn G : Rn -

if month >=

R :

else

R :

RTa =

exp(0.2688 + 0.0874 *Ts5cm + 0.0413 * Tskye)

exp(0.403+0.0875*Tskye);

• Respiration as function of AIR TEMP 26M only

RTs5 : exp(0.117+0.1483*Ts5cm);

• Respiration as function of SOIL TEMP 5CM only

retain Tmin -3 Topt 18 Tmax 32;

P : (Tmax-Topt)/(Topt-Tmin);

if Tskye > Tmin and Tskye < Tmax then

At = ((Tskye - Tmin)*((Tmax-Tskye)**P)) / ((Topt-Tmin)*((Tmax-Topt)**P));

else At = 0; * At is assimilation =(CO2 flux - respiration) as

• normalized function of AIR TEMP 26M

if VPD < 1.3 then Ad = i; * Ad is assimilation as a normalized

else if VPD > 5 then Ad : 0; * function of VPD

else Ad = 1 -i/ (5- 1.3)* (VPD - 1.3) ;

if month :3 then qfe : 0.0002; * Quantum flux efficiency

if month =4 then qfe = 0.004;

if month =5 then qfe = 0.013;

Page 23
if month =6 then qfe = 0.027

if month =7 then qfe = 0.035

if month :8 then qfe : 0.032

if month :9 then qfe : 0.031

if month =i0 then qfe = 0.01 ;

if month =ii then qfe = 0.00 6;

Amax=50; theta = 0.8;

Aq : ((qfe*parin+Amax) - sqrt( (qfe*parin+Amax)**2-4*theta*qfe*Amax*parin)) /

2*theta; * Light response curve, NOT normalized (parin is PPFD 26M )

Amodel:Aq*Ad*At;

• Assimilation model s function of PPFD, VPD and temperature

Fcmodel : -Amodel+R; * CO2 FLUX 26M model

if parin : 0 then

do;

if Fc : . or friction < 0.35 then * friction is FRICTION VELOCITY

if R = then

if Rta = then Fc fill = RTs5;

else Fc fill = RTa;

else Fc fi_l: R;

else Fc fill = Fc;

if E = or friction < 0.35 then E fill = 0; else E fill = E;

if LE = . or friction < 0.35 then LE fill = 0; else LE fill = LE;

if H = or friction < 0.35 then

if shf = then H fill = Rn;

else H fill = Rn G;

else H fill = H;

end;

else

/* if parin > 0; */

do;

if Fc = . then

if Ts5cm = then

Fc fill = -Amodel + RTa;

else

Fc fill = Fcmodel

else Fc fill = Fc;

if LE = . then

if month = 3 then

if shf = then LE fill = 0.04 * Rn;

else LE fill = 0.04*Rn G;

else if shf = . then LE fill = 0.30 * Rn;

else LE fill = 0.30*Rn G;

else LE fill = LE;

if E = then E fill = LE fili/44.4; else E fill = E;

if H = then

if shf = then H fill = 0.62 *Rn;

else H fill = 0.62 * Rn G;

else H fill = H;

end;

drop VPD CUMTEMP AD AT AQ AQlonly AMMAX LNAMMAX weeks2 week qfe amax

theta fcres Rn G Amodel Fcmodel R RTa RTs5 A P Tmin Topt Tmax SVP;

run;

Page 24
9.4 Graphs and Plots

None.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

The EC system was placed on an upright pole 3 m above the top of the tower so that the tower

would cause very little disturbance to the wind, whatever its direction. Therefore, EC measurements

would not be especially invalidated by any wind direction with respect to the tower; however, the

access trail to the site is to the east, and any production of CO2 by people or vehicles on the trail may

affect the CO2 fluxes measured if the wind is from the east. Also, in the making of the access trail,

extensive damage was caused to the muskeg, with many trees being felled; hence, photosynthesis over

this area will be uncharacteristically lower and respiration similarly high. The eddy flux measurements

on calm nights underestimate the surface fluxes. This problem is address in the filled data columns.

10.2 Quality Assessment

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

None given.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

None given.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

None given.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

None given.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

Data were examined to check for spikes, values that are four standard deviations from the mean,

long periods of constant values, and missing data.

1 1. Notes

11.1 Limitations of the Data

See Section 10.1.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

For the 1994 data:

Soil temperature at 1 m: before 01-July-1994 this was measured using a thermistor from which the

signal was very noisy. On 01-July-1994 at 22:30 Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) this thermistor was

replaced by a thermocouple with a much more accurate output. There was no trend in the soil

temperature at 1 m before 15-June- 1994 at 02:00 with a mean of 0 °C, and the noisy values for this

period have been replaced with 0 °C. From 01-June 02:00 GMT until 01-July-1994 20:00 GMT, the

signal has been smoothed. Any true diurnal trend has been removed by this substitution, but the values

are estimated to be within 0.3 °C.

Page 25
ECmeasurements: Thedataacquisitionsoftwaremissedtheflux averagingtimesshownbelow.

(Thisfailurewascausedby afragmentedharddiskmakingdiskaccessslow.)Datawerenotlost,

althoughthefluxeswerenotaveragedattheendof thehalfhour,but attheendof anhour.Therefore,

themissingaverages(atthetimesshownbelow)havebeensubstitutedwith thevaluecalculatedatthe

nexthalfhour(timesgivenasGMT):

IIDate

II26/07/94

I127/07/94

II28/07/94

I129/07/94

II

I130/07/94

II09/08/94

II10/08/94

II11/08/94

II

II12/08/94

I129/08/94

II30/08/94

II

II31/08/94

I109/09/94

I110/09/94

I117/09/94

I118/09/94

[ 19/09/94

Times (GMT)

03:30, 05:30, 07:30, 09:30, 11:30, 13:30, 15:30, 21:30, 23:30

00:30 01:30 03:30 05:30 06:00 07:30 09:30 11:30 13:30 19:00 21:00 23:00

00:00, 01:00, 03:00, 07:00, 09:00, 12:30, 13:00, 14:30, 15:00, 15:30, 16:30, 18:30, 20:30, 22:30

00:30, 02:30, 04:30, 06:30, 08:30, 10:30, 12:30, 14:30, 15:00, 16:30, 18:30, 20:30, 21:00, 22:30,

23:00

00:30, 02:30, 03:00, 04:30

18:00, 22:00

04:00, 06:00, 08:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00, 18:00, 20:00, 22:00, 23:30

00:00, 01:30, 02:00, 03:30, 04:00, 06:00, 08:00, 09:30, 10:00, ,11:30, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00, 18:00,

20:00, 21:30, 22:00, 23:30

00:00, 01:30, 02:00, 03:30, 04:00

17:30, 19:30, 21:30, 23:30

01:30, 03:30, 05:30, 07:30, 09:30, 11:30, 13:30, 15:00, 15:30, ,17:00, 17:30, 19:30, 21:30, 23:00,

23:30

01:00, 01:30, 02:00

02:00, 04:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00, 18:00, 20:00, 22:00

00:00, 02:00, 04:00, 06:00, 08:00, 10:00, 12:00, 14:00, 16:00, 18:00

06:00, 18:00, 21:30

01:30, 03:30, 05:30, 07:30, 09:30, 11:30, 13:30, 15:30, 17:30, ,19:30, 21:30, 23:30

01:30, 03:30, 05:30, 07:30

11.3 Usage Guidance

None given.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None given.

Page 26
12. Application of the Data Set

These data are useful for the study of water, energy, and carbon exchange in a mature black spruce

forest.

None.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

14. Software

14.1 Software Description

Some samples of code used in the analysis are shown in Section 9.3.2.

14.2 Software Access

None given.

15. Data Access

The SSA-OBS tower flux, meteorological, and soil temperature data are available from the Earth

Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)

Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

Page 27
16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

These data are available on the BOREAS CD-ROM series.

17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

None.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Jarvis, P.G., J.M. Massheder, S.E. Hale, J.G. Moncrieff, M. Rayment, and S.L. Scott. 1997.

Seasonal variation of carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy exchanges of a boreal black spruce

forest. Journal of Geophysical Research. 102(D24):28,953-28,966.

Kaimal, J.C. and Gaynor, J.E. 1991. Another look at sonic thermometry. Bound. Layer Meteorol.

56:401-410.

Moore, C.J. 1986. Frequency response corrections for eddy correlation systems. Bound. Layer

Meteorol. 37:17-35.

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,

A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM.

Pearcy, R.W., J. Ehleringer, H.A. Mooney, and P.W. Rundel. 1991. Plant Physiological Ecology:

Field methods and instrumentation. Chapman and Hall, London and New York.

Philip, J.R. 1963. The damping of a fluctuating concentration by continuous sampling through a tube.

Aust. J. Phys. 16:454-463.

Scheupp, P.H., M.Y. Leclerc, J.I. Macpherson, and R.L. Desjardins. 1990. Bound. Layer Meteorol.

50:355-373.

Schotanus, P., F.T.M. Nieuwstadt, and H.A.R. de Bruin. 1983. Temperature measurement with a

sonic anemometer and its application to heat and moisture fluxes. Bound. Layer Meteorol. 26:81-93.

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94).

Page 28
Sellers,P.,F. Hall, andK.F. Huemmrich.1997.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:1996

Operations.NASA BOREASReport(OPSDOC96).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, H. Margolis,B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi,G. denHartog,J.Cihlar, M.G. Ryan,B.

Goodison,P.Crill, K.J.RansomD. Lettenmaier,andD.E. Wickland. 1995.Theboreal

ecosystem-atmospherestudy(BOREAS):anoverviewandearlyresultsfrom the1994field year.

Bulletinof theAmericanMeteorologicalSociety.76(9):1549-1577.

Sellers,P.J.,F.G.Hall, R.D.Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi,J. Berry, M. Ryan,K.J. Ranson,P.M.

Crill, D.P.Lettenmaier,H. Margolis,J.Cihlar, J.Newcomer,D. Fitzjarrald,P.G.Jarvis,S.T.

Gower,D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison,D.E.Wickland, andF.E.Guertin.1997.BOREAS

in 1997:ExperimentOverview,ScientificResultsandFutureDirections.Journalof Geophysical

Research102(D24):28,731-28,770.

Webb,E.K., G.I. Pearman,andR. Leuning.1980.Correctionof flux measurementsdensityeffects

dueto heatandwatervaportransfer.Quart.J.R. Met.Soc.106:85-100

17.3 Arehive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None.

18. Glossary of Terms

A/D

ASCII

BOREAS

BORIS

CD-ROM

DAAC

EC

EOS

EOSDIS

GIS

GMT

GSFC

HTML

i.d.

IRGA

NAD83

NASA

NSA

OBS

ORNL

PANP

PAR

PC

PPFD

REBS

SSA

19. List of Acronyms

- Analog to Digital

- American Standard Code for Information

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Eddy Covariance

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Geographic Information System

- Greenwich Mean Time

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- HyperText Markup Language

- internal diameter

- Infrared Gas Analyzer

- North American Datum of 1983

- National Aeronautics and Space

- Northern Study Area

- Old Black Spruce

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Photosynthetically Active Radiation

- Personal Computer

- Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density

- Radiation Energy Balance Systems

- Southern Study Area

Interchange

Administration

Page 29
TF

URL

WAB

WMO

- Tower Flux

- Uniform Resource Locator

- Wind Aligned Blob

- World Meteorological Organization

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date

Written: 22-May- 1998

Revised: 11-Aug- 1999

20.2 Document Review Date(s)

BORIS Review: 06-Oct- 1998

Science Review:

20.3 Document ID

20.4 Citation

When using these data, please include the following acknowledgment as well as citations of

relevant papers in Section 17.2:

P.G. Jarvis, J.M. Massheder, J.B. Moncrieff, M.B. Rayment, Sophie Hale, Steve Scott, Institute

of Ecology and Resource Management, Edinburgh University.

If using data from the BOREAS CD-ROM series, also reference the data as:

Jarvis, P.G. and J.B. Moncrieff, "The CO2 Exchanges of Boreal Black Spruce Forest." In

Collected Data of The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. Eds. J. Newcomer, D. Landis, S.

Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R.

Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

Also, cite the BOREAS CD-ROM set as:

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. Collected Data of

The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 30
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

November 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TF-9 SSA-OBS Tower Flux, Meteorological, and Soil Temperature

Data

6. AUTHOR(S)

Jonathan M. Massheder, John B. Moncrieff, Mark B. Rayment,

and Paul G. Jarvis

Forrest G. Hall and Karl Huemmrich, Editors

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

923

RTOP: 923-462-33-01

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 206

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

J.M. Massheder, J.B. Moncrieff, M.B. Rayment, and P.G. Jarvis: University of Edinburgh, UK;

K. Huemmrich: University of Maryland, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TF-9 team collected energy, carbon dioxide, and water vapor flux data at the BOREAS

SSA-OBS site during the growing season of 1994 and most of the year for 1996. From the winter of

1995 to 1996, soil temperature data were also collected and provided. The data are available in tabular

ASCII files.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, tower flux, meteorological data, soil temperature data.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

3O

16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

UL

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)

Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18

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