NASA/TM--2000-209891, Vol. 161

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Andrea Papagno, Editors

Volume 161

BOREAS TE-10 Leaf Chemistry

Data

Elizabeth Middleton, NASA Goddard Space Flight Centet;

Greenbelt, Maryland

Joseph Sullivan, Universio, of Maryland, College Park

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

October 2000

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BOREAS TE-10 Leaf Chemistry Data

Elizabeth M. Middleton,, Joe H. Sullivan

Summary

The BOREAS TE-10 team collected several data sets in support of its efforts to characterize and

interpret information on the reflectance, transmittance, gas exchange, chlorophyll content, carbon

content, hydrogen content, and nitrogen content of boreal vegetation. This data set describes the

relationship between sample location, age, chlorophyll content, and C-H-N concentrations at several

sites in the SSA conducted during the growing seasons of 1994 and 1996. The data are stored in

tabular ASCII files.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TE- 10 Leaf Chemistry Data

1.2 Data Set Introduction

This data set describes the relationship between sample location, age photosynthetic pigments

(Chlorophyll A (chla), Chlorophyll B (chlb), and Carotenoid (carot)), and foliar

Carbon-Hydrogen-Nitrogen (C-H-N) concentrations in canopies from the BOReal

Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Southern Study Area (SSA) - Old Black Spruce (OBS), Old

Jack Pine (OJP), Young Jack Pine (YJP), Old Aspen (OA), Old Aspen Auxiliary (OA-AUX), Young

Aspen (YA), and Young Aspen Auxiliary (YA-AUX) sites. Chlorophyll pigments and foliar C-H-N

concentrations were examined as part of an effort to characterize differences between species, seasons

(spring, summer, and fall), stand age, leaf position, and age at the BOREAS SSA sites. Samples were

taken at seven locations in the SSA: OBS, OJP, YJP, YA, YA-AUX, OA-AUX, and OA during each

of the three Intensive Field Campaigns (IFCs) in 1994. Samples were taken at five locations in the

Page 1
SSA:OBS,OJP,YJP,YA-AUX, andOA-AUXduringeachof thethreeseasonsin 1996.This

informationwill beusefulfor understandingvariationin thegasexchangerates.

Measurementsof chlorophyllandC-H-Nconcentrationweremadeinthelaboratory.A

spectrophotometer wasusedto assesschlorophyllcontentandaCarbon-Hydrogen-Nitrogen-600

(CHN-600)ElementalAnalyzersystemwasusedto obtainfoliarC-H-Nconcentrations.

1.3 Objective/Purpose

The purposes of this work were to:

• Obtain a canopy profile of chlorophyll absorptance and C-H-N concentrations.

• Examine interspecific and interseasonal differences in these parameters.

• Relate these differences to the photosynthetic measurements.

1.4 Summary of Parameters

Each data record includes the chla, chlb, carot, C/N ratio, C, N, and H.

1.5 Discussion

Chlorophyll pigment absorptances and C-H-N concentrations were measured in the laboratory on

the dominant broadleaf and coniferous woody plant species growing at OBS (Picea mariana and Larix

laricina), OJP (Pinus banksiana and Apocynum androsaemifolium), YJP (Pinus banksiana), YA

(Populus tremuloides and Corylus cornuta Marsh), and YA-AUX (Populus tremuloides, Corylus

cornuta Marsh, and Picea glauca), and the sites OA and OA-AUX (Populus tremuloides and Corylus

cornuta Marsh) in the SSA of the boreal forest. Dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium) was an

understory species at the OJP site. Tamarack (Larix laricina) was another species located at OBS, and

hazelnut (Corylus cornuta Marsh) was an understory species at YA, YA-AUX, OA, and OA-AUX.

Picea glauca was collected as a cospecies at the YA-AUX site.

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS TE-09 NSA Leaf Chlorophyll Density

BOREAS TE-09 NSA Photosynthetic Capacity and Foliage Nitrogen Data

BOREAS TE-09 PAR and Leaf Nitrogen Data for NSA Species

BOREAS TE- 10 Leaf Optical Properties

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

Dr. Elizabeth Middleton, Project Scientist

Dr. Joseph Sullivan, Assistant Professor

2.2 Title of Investigation

CO2. and Water Fluxes in the Boreal Forest Overstory: Relationship to fAPAR and Vegetation

Indices for Needles/Leaves

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Elizabeth M. Middleton, Ph.D.

Biospheric Sciences Branch, Code 923

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-8344

(301 ) 286-0239 (fax)

betsym@ltpsun.gsfc.nasa.gov

Page 2
Contact 2:

JoeH. Sullivan,Ph.D.

Departmentof NaturalResourceSciencesandLandscapeArchitecture

Universityof Maryland

CollegePark,MD 20742

(301)405-1626

(301)314-9308(fax)

botn9@umdd.umd.edu

Contact 3:

Andrea Papagno

Raytheon ITSS

Code 923

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-3134

(301) 286-0239 (fax)

Andrea.Papagno@ gsfc.nasa.gov

3. Theory of Measurements

Photosynthetic pigment concentrations were calculated using established equations that estimate

concentration as a function of absorptance of foliar extracts at specific wavelengths. C and H were

determined by infrared analysis of the combusted sample. N was determined by thermal conductivity.

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

• CHN-600 Elemental Analyzer System 785-500 (LECO Corp., St. Joseph, MI).

• LI-COR Area Meter (LI-COR, Inc., Lincoln, Nebraska).

• In 1994, a Beckman DU-600 spectrophotometer was used in the laboratory at the University

of Saskatchewan to determine chlorophyll absorptance.

• In 1994 and 1996, a Perkin-Elmer Lambda 3 Double Beam Spectrophotometer was used in

the laboratory at the Beltsville Agricultural Research Center (BARC) to determine chlorophyll

absorptance.

4.1.1 Collection Environment

The vertical profile of the canopy was divided into three layers: top, middle, and bottom. White

spruce (Picea glauca) and tamarack (Larix laricina) had only one top layer measured. White spruce was

located at YA-AUX. Tamarack was an understory species at the OBS. At OA and YA sites, there was

a hazelnut (Corylus cornuta Marsh) understory that was measured during each IFC in 1994. At the

OJP, the understory species dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium) was measured during IFC-2 in

1994.

Gas exchange measurements and sample collections were made from platform canopy access

towers constructed onsite by BOREAS staff at the OBS, OA, OA-AUX, and OJP sites, and from the

ground at the YJP, YA, and YA-AUX sites. Data were obtained during three discrete measurement

periods (one to two measurement days each period) designated as the spring, summer, and fall seasons

(IFC- 1, -2, and -3).

These seasons were selected to measure parameters at bud break and leaf expansion (24-May-1994

to 12-Jun- 1994 and 21 -April- 1996 to 24-June- 1996), during midsummer or peak growing season

(26-Jul- 1994 to 08-Aug- 1994 and 10-July- 1996 to 17-July- 1996), and at the onset of dormancy and

Page 3
senescencein autumn(30-Aug-1994to 15-Sept-1994and20-October-1996to 31-October-1996).

Measurementsweremadeonleavesandneedlesfromtheupper,middle,andlowercanopysectionsof

thetreesadjacenttothecanopyaccesstowersat OJP,OA, OA-AUX,andOBS,andontheyoung

treespresentneartheflux towersitesatYJP,YA, andYA-AUX. ForPinusbanksiana,measurements

weremadeoneachneedleclasspresent.Inthe 1994measurement year,needleageclassesmeasured

were1994,1993,and1992.In the1996measurement year,needleageclassesmeasuredwere1996,

1995,and1994.ForPiceaglauca,ageclasses1(1994)and2(1993)weremeasuredin 1994.In

1996,ageclasses1(1996)and2 (1995)weremeasuredforPiceaglauca.In 1994,for Piceamariana,

thenewestageclass(1994needles)wasmeasuredalone,whileneedles2and3yearsold(1993and

1992needles)werecombinedinonemeasurement, aswere4 and5 yearold needles(1991and1990

needles).In 1996,forPiceamariana,thenewestageclass(1996needles)wasmeasuredalone,while

needles2and3yearsold (1995and1994needles)werecombinedinonemeasurement, aswere4 and

5yearoldneedles(1993and1992needles).

At leasteightreplicatemeasurementsandsamplecollectionperseason,canopylocation,andage

groupweremadeforeachspecies.Theseactivitiestookplaceontreesthatwereaccessiblefromthe

canopyaccesstowers(approximatelyfourtrees,withtwoupperandlowerbranchesmeasuredper

tree)attheOBS,OJP,OA_AUX,andOAsitesandonthesamenumberof treeseachseasonatthe

YJP,YA, andYA-AUX sites.

Sampleleavesandstemswithneedlesweresealedinplasticbagswithmoisttowelsandplacedon

icefortransporto thelaboratoryforfurtheranalysis.Thelaboratorywasprovidedby BOREASstaff

inPaddockwood,Saskatchewan(SK),approximately60km fromtheresearchsites.Eachsamplewas

dividedintotwocomponents,withoneportionusedfor measurement of oxygenevolution(1994only)

andphotosyntheticpigments,andtheremainingmaterialusedfor analysisof leafopticalpropertiesand

Ncontent.

At thelaboratory,sampleswerestoredinthedarkin therefrigeratoruntiltheyweremeasured.

Laboratorymeasurementsincludedquantitativeproperties,oxygenevolution(1994only),andoptical

properties.A foliardisksample2.73cmindiameterwastakenfromeachof thebroadleafsamplesfor

opticalpropertiesandthenplacedinaclosedvial of dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO)inthedark.A massof

needles,10-20count,chopped,wastakenfromtheconifersfor opticalpropertiesandthenplacedin a

closedvialof DMSOinthedark.Thesamplepiecesremainedin DMSOuntilall of thephotosynthetic

pigmentshadbeenextracted.Therestof thesamplesweredriedin anovenat 70°F forthreedays.The

samplesinDMSOwereof aknownweight(grams)and/orhemisurfacearea(cm2).Thedriedsamples

wereweighedingramsusingabalanceandthentransportedto theMarylandSoilsLaboratory.In

1994,afterthechlorophyllwasextractedin IFC-1,thechlorophyllabsorptancesweremeasuredatthe

spectrophotometer labattheUniversityofSaskatchewan, Canada.Thedrainedtissuesampleswere

driedin anovenat70°F forthreedaysandthenweighedin grams.DuringIFCs-2and-3in 1994,and

in 1996,theDMSOsamplevialsweretransportedtotheUnitedStatesDepartmentof Agriculture

(USDA) lab in Beltsviile, Maryland. The drained tissue samples were dried in an oven at 70 °F for

three days and then weighed in grams.

In 1994:

Absorptance was measured at 470 rim, 640 nm, 648 nm, and 750 nm with a dual-beam

spectrophotometer (Beckman DU-600 or Perkin-Elmer Lambda 3) for the calculation of chlorophyll

and carotenoid concentrations by the equations of Lichtenthaler (1987) modified for DMSO by

Chappelle and Kim (1992). Chemical analysis of tissue C-H-N was conducted at the University of

Maryland by the Maryland Soil Testing Laboratory using a CHN-600 Elemental Analyzer System

(LECO Corp., St. Joseph, MO).

chl formula:

chla : 12.15 A664 nm- 2.79 A648 nm (I)

chlb = 21.5 A648 nm- 5.1 A664 nm (2)

carot= (I000 A470 nm- 1.82 chla - 85.02 chlb)/198 (3)

where A nm: absorptance at the specified wavelength

Page 4
Referto Lichtenthaler,1987,andChappelleandKim, 1992,inthereferencesection.

Spectralabsorptancesweremeasuredatseveralwavelengths(700,664,648,and470nm)and

usedintheseequations(Lichtenthaler,1987andChappelleandKim, 1992)to calculatepigment

contentfor chla,chlb,andcarot.Theseformulaecalculatepigmentcontentaspg/ml,assuming1ml of

solventforthepigmentextraction.Pigmentcontentexpressedaspg/cm2wasdeterminedby

multiplyingthesevaluesbyafactormadeupof theactualvolumeof theextractiondividedbythe

one-sidedprojectedleafareaof thesample(e.g.,4 ml/2.5cm2).Whenexpressedonthebasisof

sampledryweight,thecorrectionfactorwastheactualvolumeof theextractiondividedbythesample

dryweight(e.g.,4 ml/0.025g).ValueswerereportedtotheBOREASInformationSystem(BORIS)

aseitherpg/cm2(broadleaves,someconifers)ormg/g(conifers).

In 1996:

Absorptancewasmeasuredat severalwavelengths(750,674,646,510,490,and470nm)witha

dual-beamspectrophotometer (BeckmanDU-600orPerkin-ElmerLambda3)forthecalculationof

chlorophyll(chl) andcarotenoidconcentrationsbytheequationsof Lichtenthaler(1987)modifiedfor

DMSOby ChappelleandKim (1992).Chemicalanalysisof tissueCHNwasconductedatthe

Universityof MarylandbytheMarylandSoilTestingLaboratoryusingaC-H-N-600Elemental

AnalyzerSystem(LECOCorp.,St.Joseph,MO).

chl formula:

chla = 22.9422 A674 nm (4)

chlb = 25.30382 A646 nm- 16.1909 A674 nm (5)

carot : (I000 A47@ nm- 1.82 chla- 85.G2 chlb)/198 (6)

where A nm= absorptance at the specified wavelength

Refer to Lichtenthaler, 1987, and Chappelle and Kim, 1992, in the reference section.

Spectral absorptances were measured at several wavelengths (750, 674, 646, 510, 490, and 470

nm) and used in these equations (Lichtenthaler, 1987, and Chappelle and Kim, 1992) to calculate

pigment content for chla, chlb, and carotenoid. These formulae calculate pigment content as pg/ml,

assuming 1 ml of solvent for the pigment extraction. Pigment content expressed as pg/cm2 was

determined by multiplying these values by a factor made up of the actual volume of the extraction

divided by the one-sided projected leaf area of the sample (e.g., 4 ml/2.5 cm2). When expressed on the

basis of sample dry weight, the correction factor was the actual volume of the extraction divided by the

sample dry weight (e.g., 4 mi/0.025 g). Values were reported to BORIS as either lag/cm2

(broadleaves, some conifers) or mg/g (conifers).

Chemical analysis of tissue C-H-N was conducted at the University of Maryland. by the Maryland

Soil Testing Laboratory using a CHN-600 Elemental Analyzer System (LECO Corp., St. Joseph,

MO). At the soils laboratory, the dried samples were ground. A coffee mill was used to grind the

conifer samples. A mortar and pestle were used to grind the broadleaf samples. To have enough

sample mass to perform the C-H-N measurements, some samples had to be combined with other

samples from different trees, but of the same age class. These combined samples are shown in the data

file. Samples were weighed using an analytical balance, and then processed in the Elemental Analyzer.

C-H-N concentrations in each sample were expressed as a percentage of the sampled mass.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

Samples were taken from towers except at SSA-YJP, SSA-YA, and SSA-YA-AUX, and were cut

using knives. Chlorophyll absorptances and C-H-N concentrations were measured in the laboratory.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

The towers were constructed to supply a means of accessing the tree canopies.

Page 5
4.1.4 Key Variables

• Chla, Chlb, and carot per gram dry weight

• Chla, Chlb, and carot per centimeter squared (cm2) hemisurface area

• C/N ratio

• C, H, and N milligrams (mg) per gram (g) dry weight

• Pigment content was reported as either mg/g or pg/cm2 unless both values were obtained.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

Photosynthetic pigment concentrations were calculated using established equations (see Section

4.1.1, equations 1-6) that estimate concentration as a function of absorptance of foliar extracts at

specific wavelengths. Carbon and hydrogen were determined by infrared analysis of the combusted

sample. Nitrogen was determined by thermal conductivity.

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Geometry

All instrumentation took place under laboratory conditions.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

Beckman DU Series 600 Spectrophotometer

Beckman Instruments

Laboratory Automation Operations

90 Boroline Road

Allendale, NJ 07401

(20 l ) 818-8900

(201 ) 818-9740 (fax)

CHN-600 Elemental Analyzer System 785-500

LECO Corporation

St. Joseph, MI

USA

LI-COR Area Meter

For 1994: Model Number 3100

For 1996: Model Number 3000A, Portable

LI-COR, Inc.

4421 Superior Street

P.O. Box 4425

Lincoln, NE 68504-0425

USA

(402) 467-3576

(402) 467-2819 (fax)

Perkin Elmer Lambda 3 Double-Beam Spectrophotometer

Perkin-Elmer Corp.

761 Main Avenue

Norwalk, CT 06859

USA

1 (800) 762-4000

4.2 Calibration

The C-H-N analyzer was calibrated at the start of every day. The spectrophotometer was calibrated

between each sample run against a blank standard, which was a quartz cuvette filled with the solvent

(DMSO). The leaf area meter was calibrated before each use with a 10-cm disk. Measurements of

weight (mass) were reset to zero before each sample reading.

Page 6
4.2.1 Specifications

The weighing balance was accurate to 0.01 g.

The analytical balance was accurate to 0.0001 g.

The leaf area meter was accurate to within 1.00 %.

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

No tolerance level was set.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

The spectrophotometer was calibrated between each sample run. The leaf area and balances were

calibrated every time they were turned on, two to four times a day. The CHN analyzer was calibrated

at the start of every day of measurement.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

None.

5. Data Acquisition Methods

On the towers at OA, OA-AUX, OBS, YJP, and OJP, top samples were taken from the top tower

level, middle samples from the middle level, and bottom samples from the bottom tower level. At

YA-AUX and YA, top samples were taken from the upper 1/3, middle samples from the middle 1/3,

and bottom samples from the lower 1/3 part of the trees. At white spruce, only a top layer was

sampled. At OJP, there was a dogbane (Apocynum androsaemifolium) understory during IFC-2 in

1994. At OA and YA, there was a hazelnut (Corylus cornuta Marsh) understory. At OBS, there was a

tamarack (Larix laricina) understory. Stems (with needles) and leaf samples were harvested from each

layer and immediately placed within a plastic bag that also contained a moist towel. For transport to the

laboratory, the bags were placed in a cooler. For black spruce, age classes 1, 2 and 3.were separated

from ages 4 and 5, until analysis was performed at the laboratory. For jack pine, age classes 1, 2, and

3 were separated in the field before being brought to the laboratory. For white spruce, age class 1 was

separated from age classes 2 and 3, which were separated from 4 and 5. Petioles were kept on all the

broadleaves. At the laboratory, samples were stored in the dark in the refrigerator until they were

measured.

6.1 Data Notes

None.

6.2 Field Notes

None.

6. Observations

Page 7
7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

At the OJP, OBS, OA, and OA-AUX tower sites, branch samples were taken from trees within

reach from all sides of the towers. There were no towers at the other sites. At each site, at least five

trees that had the required layers for that site. The SSA measurement sites and associated North

American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) coordinates are:

• OA canopy access tower located 100 m up the path to the flux tower site, site id C3B7T,

Lat/Long: 53.62889 ° N, 106.19779" W, Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 13,

N:5,942,899.9 E:420,790.5.

• OA-AUX canopy access tower located by the trailhead/parking area for the path leading to the

flux tower at site id C3B7T, Lat/Long: 53.62889 ° N, 106.19779 ° W, UTM Zone 13,

N:5,942,899.9 E:420,790.5 This OA-AUX site was farther up the path than OA from the flux

tower site.

• OBS canopy access tower located at the flux tower site, site id G814T, Lat/Long: 53.98717 °

N, 105.11779" W, UTM Zone 13, N:5,982,100.5 E;492,276.5.

• OJP canopy access tower flux tower site, site id G2L3T, Lat/Long: 53.91634 ° N, 104.69203 °

W, UTM Zone 13, N:5,974,257.5 E:520,227.7.

• YA canopy access tower, site id DOH4T, Lat/Long: 53.65601 ° N, 105.32314 ° W, UTM Zone

13, N:5,945,298.9, E:478,644.1.

• YA-AUX, site id D6H4A, Lat/Long: 53.708 ° N, 105.315 ° W, UTM Zone 13,

N:5,951,112.1, E:479,177.5.

• YJP near the flux tower site, site id F8L6T, Lat/Long: 53.87581 ° N, 104.64529 ° W, UTM

Zone 13, N:5,969,762.5 E:523,320.2.

Please note that at SSA YA-AUX, black spruce, jack pine, aspen, balsam fir, balsam poplar,

tamarack, hazelnut, were present and several other shrub and herbaceous species.

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not available.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

These data are point source measurements at the given locations.

7.1.4 Projection

Not applicable.

7.1.5 Grid Description

Not applicable.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

Samples were collected from the field every day from 8 a.m. 3 p.m. An independent data set was

taken at each of the field campaigns in 1994 and 1996. The specific dates for each collection of

samples are given in the data table.

Page 8
7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

SSA-OBS black spruce @I-JUN

SSA-OA-AUX aspen

SSA-OA-AUX hazelnut

SSA-OJP jack pine 31-MAY

SSA-OJP dogbane -

SSA-OA aspen 30-MAY

SSA-OA hazelnut 26-MAY

SSA-YA-AUX aspen 25-MAY

SSA-YJP jack pine 26-MAY

SSA-YA-AUX white spruce -

SSA-YA aspen 04-JUN

SSA-YA hazelnut 04-JUN

II-JUN

II-JUN

07-JUN

28-JUL to 01-AUG 13-SEP

03-AUG 02-SEP

03-AUG 02-SEP

25-JUL 06-SEP

25-JUL

21-JUL 15-SEP

21-JUL 15-SEP

22-JUL to 23-JUL 08-SEP

31-JUL to 01-AUG II-SEP

30-JUL 02-SEP, 12-SEP

30-JUL 02-SEP, 12-SEP

Sample Dates (1996)

Site Species Spring Summer

....................................................

SSA-OBS black spruce 10-MAY 14-JUL

SSA-OBS black spruce 19-JUN -

SSA-OBS black spruce 21-JUN -

SSA-OBS tamarack - 17-JUL

SSA-OJP jack pine 18-JUN II-JUL

SSA-OJP jack pine 23-JUN -

SSA-OA-AUX aspen 24-JUN 17-JUL

SSA-OA-AUX hazelnut 24-JUN 17-JUL

SSA-YJP jack pine 8-MAY TO 9-MAY 12-JUL

SSA-YJP jack pine 23-JUN 15-JUL

SSA-YA-AUX white spruce 8-MAY I@-JUL

SSA-YA-AUX white spruce 2O-JUN

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

Not applicable.

7.3 Data Characteristics

Fall

II-OCT

10-OCT

13-OCT

12-OCT

10-OCT

7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

TEl0 BIOCHEM PER AREA

Column Name

..............................

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

SPECIES

CANOPY LOCATION

SAMPLE GROWTH YEAR

SAMPLE ID

MEAN FOLIAGE HEMI SURF AREA

SDEV FOLIAGE HEMI SURF AREA

Page 9
STD ERR FOLIAGE HEMI SURF AREA

CHLOROPHYLL A DENSITY

CHLOROPHYLL B DENSITY

TOTAL CHLOROPHYLL DENSITY

CAROTENOID DENSITY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

TEl0 BIOCHEM PER DRY WT

Column Name

..............................

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

SPECIES

CANOPY LOCATION

SAMPLE GROWTH YEAR

SAMPLE ID

FOLIAGE DRY WEIGHT

CHLOROPHYLL A CONC

CHLOROPHYLL B CONC

TOTAL CHLOROPHYLL CONC

CAROTENOID CONC

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

TEl0 CARBON HYDROGEN NITROGEN

Column Name

..............................

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

SPECIES

CANOPY LOCATION

SAMPLE GROWTH YEAR

SAMPLE ID

FOLIAGE DRY WEIGHT

MEAN FOLIAGE HEMI SURF AREA

NITROGEN CONTENT

HYDROGEN CONTENT

CARBON ,CONTENT

CARBON NITR'OGEN RATIO

NITROGEN CONC

HYDROGEN CONC

CARBON CONC

NITROGEN DENSITY

HYDROGEN DENSITY

CARBON DENSITY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

Page 10
7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

TEl0 BIOCHEM PER AREA

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

SPECIES

CANOPY LOCATION

SAMPLE GROWTH YEAR

SAMPLE ID

MEA]q FOLIAGE HEMI SURF AREA

SDEV FOLIAGE HEMI SURF AREA

Description

..............................

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS, in

the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by

BOREAS, in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is

the group associated with the sub-site

instrument, e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the

identifier for sub-site, often this will refer to

an instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

Botanical (Latin) name of the species (Genus

species).

Location in the canopy from which the sample was

taken.

The year in which the collected sample first

grew.

The sample identifier used by data collectors

(see documentation for a derailed description).

The mean foliage hemi-surface area of the sample

used in the measurement.

The standard deviation of the mean foliage hemisurface area of the sample used in the

measurement.

STD ERR FOLIAGE HEMI SURF AREA Standard error of the mean foliage hemi-surface

CHLOROPHYLL A DENSITY

CHLOROPHYLL B DENSITY

TOTAL CHLOROPHYLL DENSITY

CAROTENOID DENSITY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

area of the sample used in the measurement.

Chlorophyll A per unit hemi-surface area.

Chlorophyll B per unit hemi-surface area.

Total chlorophyll (chlorophyll A + chlorophyll B)

per unit hemi-surface area.

Carotenoid per unit hemi-surface area.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

Page 11
SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

SPECIES

CANOPY LOCATION

SAMPLE GROWTH YEAR

S_MP LE !D

FOLIAGE DRY WEIGHT

CHLOROPHYLL A CONC

CHLOROPHYLL B CONC

TOTAL CHLOROPHYLL CONC

CAROTENOID CONC

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS, in

the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by

BOREAS, in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is

the group associated with the sub-site

instrument, e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and iiIII is the

identifier for sub-site, often this will refer to

an instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

Botanical (Latin) name of the species (Genus

species).

Location in the canopy from which the sample was

taken.

The year in which the collected sample first

grew.

The sample identifier used by data collectors

(see documentation for a detailed description) .

The dry weight of _he foliage sample measured.

The chlorophyll A concentration in the foliage

dry mass sample.

The chlorophyll B concentration in the foliage

dry mass sample.

The total chlorophyll A + chlorophyll B

concentration in the foliage dry mass sample.

The carotenoid concentration in the foliage dry

mass sample.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

TEl0 CARBON HYDROGEN NITROGEN

Column Name Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS, in

the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by

BOREAS, in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is

the group associated with the sub-site

Page 12
DATE OBS

SPECIES

CANOPY LOCATION

SAMPLE GROWTH YEAR

SAMPLE ID

FOLIAGE DRY WEIGHT

MEAN FOLIAGE HEMI SURF AREA

NITROGEN CONTENT

HYDROGEN CONTENT

CARBON CONTENT

CARBON NITROGEN RATIO

NITROGEN CONC

HYDROGEN CONC

CARBON CONC

NITROGEN DENSITY

HYDROGEN DENSITY

CARBON DENSITY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

instrument, e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the

identifier for sub-site, often this will refer to

an instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

Botanical (Latin) name of the species (Genus

species).

Location in the canopy from which the sample was

taken.

The year in which the collected sample first

grew.

The sample identifier used by data collectors

(see documentation for a detailed description).

The dry weight of the foliage sample measured.

The mean foliage hemi-surface area of the sample

used in the measurement.

The nitrogen content of the sample based on dried

sample weight.

The hydrogen content of the sample.

The carbon content of the sample.

Ratio of carbon content to the nitrogen content

of the sample.

The nitrogen concentration in the foliage dry

mass sample.

The hydrogen concentration in the foliage dry

mass sample.

The carbon concentration in the foliage dry mass

sample.

Nitrogen per unit hemi-surface area.

Hydrogen per unit hemi-surface area.

Carbon per unit hemi-surface area.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The measurement units for the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

TEl0 BIOCHEM PER AREA

Column Name Units

................................................

SITE NAME [none]

SUB SITE [none]

DATE OBS [DD-MON-YY ]

SPECIES [none]

CANOPY LOCATION [none]

SAMPLE GROWTH YEAR [unitless]

SAMPLE ID [none]

MEAN FOLIAGE HEMI SURF AREA [millimeters^2]

SDEV FOLIAGE HEMI SURF AREA [millimeters^2]

STD ERR FOLIAGE HEMI SURF AREA [millimeters^2]

CHLOROPHYLL A DENSITY [milligrams] [meter^-2]

Page 13
CHLOROPHYLL B DENSITY

TOTAL CHLOROPHYLL DENSITY

CAROTENOID DENSITY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

[milligrams] [meter^-2]

[milligrams] [meter^-2]

[milligrams] [meter^-2]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

TEl0 BIOCHEM PER DRY WT

Column Name

..............................

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

SPECIES

CANOPY LOCATION

SAMPLE GROWTH YEAR

SAMPLE ID

FOLIAGE DRY WEIGHT

CHLOROPHYLL A CONC

CHLOROPHYLL B CONC

TOTAL CHLOROPHYLL CONC

CAROTENOID CONC

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

Units

[none]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

[none]

[none]

[unitless]

[none]

[grams]

[milligrams] [gram^-l]

[milligrams] [gram^-l]

[milligrams] [gram_-l]

[milligrams] [gramA-l]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

TEl0 CARBON HYDROGEN NITROGEN

Column Name

..............................

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

SPECIES

CANOPY LOCATION

SAMPLE GROWTH YEAR

S_%MP LE ID

FOLIAGE DRY WEIGHT

MEAN FOLIAGE HEMI SURF AREA

NITROGEN CONTENT

HYDROGEN CONTENT

CARBON CONTENT

CARBON NITROGEN RATIO

NITROGEN CONC

HYDROGEN CONC

CARBON CONC

NITROGEN DENSITY

HYDROGEN DENSITY

CARBON DENSITY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

Units

[none]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

[none]

[none]

[unitless]

[none]

[grams]

[millimeters^2]

[percent]

[percent]

[percent]

[unitless]

[milligrams] [gram^-l]

[milligrams] [gram^-l]

[mi!ligrams] [gram^-l]

[grams] [meter^-2]

[grams] [meter^-2]

[grams] [meter^-2]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

Page 14
7.3.4 Data Source

The sources of the parameter values contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

SPECIES

CANOPY LOCATION

SILMPLE GROWTH YEAR

SAMPLE ID

MEAN FOLIAGE HEMI SURF AREA

SDEV FOLIAGE HEMI SURF AREA

[BORIS Designation]

[BORIS Designation]

[Human Observer

[Human Observer

[Human Observer

[Human Observer

[Human Observer

[Laboratory Equipment]

[Laboratory Equipment]

STD ERR FOLIAGE HEMI SURF AREA [Laboratory Equipment]

CHLOROPHYLL A DENSITY

CHLOROPHYLL B DENSITY

TOTAL CHLOROPHYLL DENSITY

CAROTENOID DENSITY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

[Laboratory Equipment]

[Laboratory Equipment]

[Laboratory Equipment]

[Laboratory Equipment]

[BORIS Designation]

[BORIS Designation]

TEl0 BIOCHEM PER DRY WT

Column Name

..............................

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

SPECIES

CANOPY LOCATION

SAMPLE GROWTH YEAR

SAMPLE ID

FOLIAGE DRY WEIGHT

CHLOROPHYLL A CONC

CHLOROPHYLL B CONC

TOTAL CHLOROPHYLL CONC

CAROTENOID CONC

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

Data Source

[BORIS Designation]

[BORIS Designation]

[Human Observer

[Human Observer

[Human Observer

[Human Observer

[Human Observer

[Laboratory Equipment]

[Laboratory Equipment]

[Laboratory Equipment]

[Laboratory Equipment]

[Laboratory Equipment]

[BORIS Designation]

[BORIS Designation]

TEl0 CARBON HYDROGEN NITROGEN

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

SPECIES

CANOPY LOCATION

SAMPLE GROWTH YEAR

SAMPLE ID

FOLIAGE DRY WEIGHT

MEAN FOLIAGE HEMI SURF AREA

NITROGEN CONTENT

Data Source

.................................

[BORIS Designation]

[BORIS Designation]

[Human Observer]

[Human Observer]

[Human Observer]

[Human Observer]

[Human Observer]

[Laboratory Equipment]

[Laboratory Equipment]

[Laboratory Equipment]

Page 15
HYDROGEN CONTENT

CARBON CONTENT

CARBON NITROGEN RATIO

NITROGEN CONC

HYDROGEN CONC

CARBON CONC

NITROGEN DENSITY

HYDROGEN DENSITY

CARBON DENSITY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

7.3.5 Data Range

[Laboratory Equ±pment]

[Laboratory Equipment]

[Laboratory Equipment]

[Laboratory Equipment]

[Laboratory Equipment]

[Laboratory Equipment]

[Laboratory Equipment]

[Laboratory Equipment]

[Laboratory Equipment]

[BORIS Designation]

[BORIS Designation]

The following table gives information about the parameter values found in the data files on the

CD-ROM.

TEl0 BIOCHEM PER AREA

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

................................................................................

SITE NAME SSA-9OA-FLXTR

SUB SITE 9TEI0-LCH01

DATE OBS 25-MAY-94

SPECIES N/A

CANOPY LOCATION Bottom

SAMPLE GROWTH YEAR 1989

SAMPLE ID N/A

MEAN FOLIAGE HEMI 102

SURF AREA

SDEV FOLIAGE HEMI .707

SURF AREA

STD ERR FOLIAGE HEM! .5

SURF AREA

CHLOROPHYLL A i.005

DENSITY

CHLOROPHYLL B -3.66

DENSITY

TOTAL CHLOROPHYLL 1.773

DENSITY

CAROTENOID DENSITY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

SSA-YJP-FLXTR None None None None

9TEI0-LCH02 None None None None

17-JUL-96 None None None None

N/A None None None None

Top None None None Blank

1996 None None None None

N/A None .None None None

2932 None None None Blank

78.428 None None None Blank

45.281 None None None Blank

608.85 None None None Blank

251.75 None None None Blank

860.6 None None None Blank

3.16 259.31 None None None Blank

CPI CPI None None None None

04-SEP-98 05-JAN-99 None None None None

................................................................................

TEl0 BIOCHEM PER DRY WT

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

........................

................................

SITE_NAME SSA- 9OA-FLXTR SSA-YJP-FLXTR None None None None

SUB SITE 9TEI0-LCH01 9TEl 0-LCH02 None None None None

DATE_OBS 25-MAY-94 17-JUL-96 None None None None

SPECIES N/A N/A None None None None

Page 16
CANOPY_LOCATION Bottom Top None None None Blank

SAMPLE GROWTH YEAR 1989 1996 None None None None

SAMPLE ID N/A N/A None None None None

FOLIAGE DRY WEIGHT .0012 .958 None None None Blank

CHLOROPHYLL A CONC .0046 21.4051 None None None Blank

CHLOROPHYLL B CONC -.0183 9.4217 None None None Blank

TOTAL CHLOROPHYLL .0081 30.8268 None None None Blank

CONC

CAROTENOID CONC .0427 6.22 None None None Blank

CRTFCN CODE CPI CPI None None None None

REVISION DATE 04-SEP-98 05-JAN-99 None None None None

TEl0 CARBON HYDROGEN NITROGEN

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel

Data Data Data Data

Column Name Value Value Value Value

..........................................................

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

SPECIES

CANOPY LOCATION

SA/_PLE GROWTH YEAR

SAMPLE ID

FOLIAGE DRY WEIGHT

MEAN FOLIAGE HEMI

SURF AREA

NITROGEN CONTENT

HYDROGEN CONTENT

CARBON CONTENT

CARBON NITROGEN

RATIO

NITROGEN CONC

HYDROGEN CONC

CARBON CONC

NITROGEN DENSITY

HYDROGEN DENSITY

CARBON DENSITY

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

Below Data

Detect Not

Limit Cllctd

SSA-9OA-FLXTR SSA-YJP-FLXTR None None None

9TEI0-LCH01 9TEI0-LCH02 None None None

26-MAY-94 13-0CT-96 None None None

N/A N/A None None None

Bottom Top None None None

1989 1996 None None None

N/A N/A None None None

.0199 .21 None None None

113 2277 None None None

.08 4.66 None None None

2.63 13.56 None None None

21.74 57.7 None None None

10.13072 658.72 None None None

.78 46.6 None None None

26.3 135.6 None None None

217.4 577 None None None

.2 4.1 None None None

2.1 34.8 None None None

15.7 267.4 None None None

CPI CPI None None None

08-SEP-98 09-SEP-98 None None None

Non@

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

Blank

None

None

None

None

None

None

None

Blank

Blank

Blank

None

None

Minimum Data Value -- The minimum value found in the column.

Maximum Data Value -- The maximum value found in the column.

Missng Data Value -- The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Unrel Data Value -- The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

to indicate an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the value was deemed to be

unreliable by the analysis personnel.

Below Detect Limit -- The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

Page 17
Data Not Cllctd

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation.

This value indicates that no attempt was made to

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BORIS combined several similar but

not identical data sets into the same data base table

but this particular science team did not

measure that parameter.

Blank -- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value•

N/A -- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

None -- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

...........................................

7.4 Sample Data Record

The following are wrapped versions of data record from a sample data file on the CD-ROM.

TEl0 BIOCHEM PER AREA

SITE_NAME, SUB_SITE, DATE_OBS, SPECIES, CANOPY_LOCATION, SAMPLE_GROWTH_YEAR, SAMPLE ID,

MEAN_FOLIAGE_HEMI_SURF_AREA, SDEV_FOLIAGE HEMI SURF_AREA,

STD ERR FOLIAGE HEMI SURF AREA, CHLOROPHYLL A DENSITY,CHLOROPHYLL B DENSITY,

TOTAL CHLOROPHYLL DENSITY, CAROTENOID DENSITY,CRTFCN CODE,REVISION DATE

'SSA- _oA-FLXTR', '9TEI0-LCH01',26-MAY-94, - - 'Cot ylus cornuta', - 'Top', '1994', - '17',

227.0, , ,180.7,ii0•5,291.2,71•8, 'CPI',05-JAN-99

'SSA-9OA-FLXTR', '9TEI0-LCH01',26-MAY-94, 'Corylus cornuta', 'Top', '1994', '18', .....

r , 'CPI' i 05-JAN-99

TEl0 BIOCHEM PER DRY WT

SITE NAME, SUB SITE,DATE OBS, SPECIES, CANOPY LOCATION,SAMPLE GROWTH YEAR, SAMPLE ID,

FOLIAGE DRY WEIGHT,CHLOROPHYLL A CONC, CHLOROPHYLL B CONC, TOTAL CHLOROPHYLL CONC,

CAROTENOID CONC,CRTFCN CODE,REVISION DATE

'SSA-9OA-FLXTR', '9TEI0-LCH01',26-MAY-94, 'Corylus cornuta', 'Top', '1994', '14', .01,

2.94,2.07,5.01,i.13, 'CPI',05-JAN-99

'SSA-9OA-FLXTR', '9TEI0-LCH01',26-MAY-94, 'Corylus cornuta', 'Top', 'i994', '15', .....

'CPI',@5-JAN-99

TEl0 CARBON HYDROGEN NITROGEN

SITE NAME, SUB SITE, DATE OBS, SPECIES,CANOPY LOCATION, SAMPLE GROWTH YEAR, SAMPLE ID,

FOLIAGE DRY WEIGHT,MEAN FOLIAGE HEMI SURF AREA, NITROGEN CONTENT, HYDROGEN CONTENT,

CARBON CONTENT, CARBON NITROGEN RATIO, NITROGEN CONC,HYDROGEN CONC,CARBON CONC,

NITROGEN DENSITY, HYDROGEN DENSITY, CARBON DENSITY,CRTFCN CODE,REVISION DATE

SSA-9OA-FLXTR', 'gTEi0-LCH01',26-MAY-94, 'Corylus cornuta' , 'Top', '1994 T, _i,2,3',

0341, , 4.33, 5.84, 47.21, i0.903, 43.3, 58.4, 472.i .... 'CPI', 08-SEP-98

SSA-9OA-FLXTR' , '9TEI0-LCH01',26-MAY-94, 'Corylus cornuta' , 'Top' , ' 1994', '6, 7, i0' ,

0282, , 4.47, 6.02, 46.44, I@.38926, 44 .7, 60.2, 464.4 .... 'CPI', 08-SEP-98

Page 18
8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest unit of data tracked by BORIS was the data collected at a given site on a given date.

8.2 Data Format(s)

The Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) files contain American Standard Code for

Information Interchange (ASCII) numerical and character fields of varying length separated by

commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between

the fields.

Each data file on the CD-ROM has four header lines of Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML)

code at the top. When viewed with a Web browser, this code displays header information (data set

title, location, date, acknowledgments, etc.) and a series of HTML links to associated data files and

related data sets. Line 5 of each data file is a list of the column names, and line 6 and following lines

contain the actual data.

9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

1994 chl formula:

chla = 12.15 A664 nm- 2.79 A648 nm

chlb = 21.5 A648 nm - 5.1 A664 nm

carot = (1000 A470 nm - 1.82 chla - 85.02 chlb)/198

where A nm = absorptance at the specified wavelength

Refer to Lichtenthaler, 1987, and Chappelle and Kim, 1992, in the reference section.

Spectral absorptances were measured at several wavelengths (700, 664, 648, and 470 nm) and

used in these equations (Lichtenthaler, 1987, and Chappelle and Kim, 1992) to calculate pigment

content for chla, chlb, and carot. These formulae calculate pigment content as lag/ml, assuming 1 ml of

solvent for the pigment extraction. Pigment content expressed as _ag/cm2 was determined by

multiplying these values by a factor made up of the actual volume of the extraction divided by the

one-sided projected leaf area of the sample (e.g., 4 ml/2.5 cm2). When expressed on the basis of

sample dry weight, the correction factor was the actual volume of the extraction divided by the sample

dry weight (e.g., 4-ml/0.025-g). Values were reported to BORIS as either _ag/cm2 (broadleaves, some

conifers) or mg/g (conifers).

1996 chl formula:

chla = 22.9422 A674 nm

chlb = 25.30382 A646 nm - 16.1909 A674 nm

carot = (1000 A470 nm - 1.82 chla - 85.02 chlb)/198

where A nm = absorptance at the specified wavelength

Refer to Lichtenthaler, 1987, and Chappelle and Kim, 1992, in the reference section.

Spectral absorptances were measured at several wavelengths (750, 674, 646, 510, 490, and 470

nm) and used in these equations (Lichtenthaler, 1987, and Chappelle and Kim, 1992) to calculate

pigment content for chla, chib, and carotenoid. These formulae calculate pigment content as pg/ml,

assuming 1 mi of solvent for the pigment extraction. Pigment content expressed as/ag/cm2 was

Page 19
determinedbymultiplyingthesevaluesbyafactormadeupof the actual volume of the extraction

divided by the one-sided projected leaf area of the sample (e.g., 4 ml/2.5 cm2). When expressed on the

basis of sample dry weight, the correction factor was the actual volume of the extraction divided by the

sample dry weight (e.g., 4 ml/0.025 g). Values were reported to BORIS as either pg/cm2

(broadleaves, some conifers) or mg/g (conifers).

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

See Section 9.1.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

9.2.1 Processing Steps

Data were recorded automatically by a computer and printed or saved to a diskette. Subsequent

calculations were performed using Quattro Pro 6.0 for Windows 3.1.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None.

9.3 Calculations

See Section 9.1.

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

None.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

See Section 9.1.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

Errors are primarily caused by variation in researcher measurement techniques, the acquisition of

measurements by multiple persons, and instrumentation variation. The data have received a quality

review by Terrestrial Ecology (TE)-10 personnel, and all known sources of calculation errors have

been corrected.

10.2 Quality Assessment

Data have received a quality review by TE-10 personnel.

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

Comparisons were made with other BOREAS results and with published results.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

None available, but it is felt that these data are accurate.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

Not available.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

Calculated results were plotted, and the plots were compared with those from published papers.

Page 20
10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

Data were examined for general consistency and clarity.

11. Notes

11.1 Limitations of the Data

None.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

None.

11.3 Usage Guidance

None.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None.

J

12. Application of the Data Set

These data can be used to assess the relationship between sample location, sample age, chlorophyll

content, and C-H-N concentrations.

None.

14.1 Software Description

13. Future Modifications and Plans

14. Software

Calculations were performed using Quattro Pro 6.0 for Windows 3.1. This document was

prepared using Microsoft Word 5.1 a and 6.0 for the Macintosh and Microsoft Word 6.0 for Windows.

14.2 Software Access

Contact the commercial vendors.

15. Data Access

The leaf chemistry data are available from the Earth Observing System Data and Information System

(EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or omi@eos.nasa.gov

Page 21
15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.oml.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.oml.gov/data]] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

These data are available on the BOREAS CD-ROM series.

17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

Located at the Soils Lab at the Department of Natural Resources Science at the University of Maryland,

College Park, MD 20742:C-H-N-600 Elemental Analyzer System 785-500 Manual. LECO Corp., St.

Joseph, MI.

Located at BARC: Perkin-Elmer Lambda 3 Double Beam Spectrophotometer Manual. 1988.

Perkin-Eimer Corp.. 761 Main Avenue, Norwalk, CT 06859.

For 1994:LI-3100 LI-COR Area Meter Manual. Publication number 8805-0055, June 1988 LI-COR,

Inc., 4421 Superior Street, P.O. Box 4425, Lincoln, NE 68504-0425.

For 1996: LI-3000A LI COR Portable Area Meter Manual., Publication number 8805-0055, June

1988. LI-COR, Inc., 4421 Superior Street, P.O. Box 4425, Lincoln, NE, 68504-0425.

17.2 Journal Article and Study Reports

Anderson, C.P., S.B. McLaughlin, and W.K. Roy, 1991. Foliar injury symptoms and pigment

concentrations in red spruce saplings in the southern Appalachians. Can. J. For. Res. v21 n7:

1106-1110.

Chappelle, E.W. and M.S. Kim, 1992. Ratio analysis of reflectance spectra (RARS): an algorithm for

the remote estimation of the concentration of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids in soybean

leaves. Remote Sens. Environ. V39: 239-247.

Page 22
Kharouk,V.I., E.M. Middleton,S.L.Spensor,B.N.Rock,andD.L. Williams. 1995.Aspenbark

photosynthesisandits significancetoremotesensingandcarbonbudgetestimatesintheboreal

ecosystem.Water,Air andSoilPollution.V82:483-497.

Lichtenthaler,H.K. 1987.Chiorophyllaandcarotenoids:pigmentsof photosyntheticbiomembranes.

MethodsinEnzymology,v148:350-382.

Middleton,E.M.,E.W.Chappelle,andA. DeLuca.1995.Evaluatingphotosynthesisn Borealforest

specieswithfluorescencemeasurements. IGARSS1995.

Middleton,E.M.,J.H.Sullivan,B.D.Bovard,A.J.DeLuca,S.S.Chan,andT.A. Cannon.1997.

Seasonal variabilityin foliarcharacteristicsandphysiologyfor borealforestspeciesatthefive

Saskatchewantowersitesduringthe1994BorealEcosystem-Atmosphere Study.Journalof

GeophysicalResearch102(D24):28,831-28,844.

Newcomer,J.,D. Landis,S.Conrad,S.Curd,K. Huemmrich,D.Knapp,A. Morrell,J.Nickeson,

A. Papagno,D. Rinker,R.Strub,T.Twine,F. Hall, andP.Sellers,eds.2000.CollectedDataof The

BorealEcosystem-Atmosphere Study.NASA.CD-ROM.

Schneckenburger, H. and W. Schmidt. 1995. Time-resolved chlorophyll fluorescence of spruce

needles after different light exposure. Plant Physiol. V 148: 593-598.

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94).

Sellers, P., F. Hail, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B.

Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D. Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal

ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year.

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9): 1549-1577.

Sellers, P.J., F.G. Hall, R.D. Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi, J. Berry, M. Ryan, K.J. Ranson, P.M.

Crill, D.P. Lettenmaier, H. Margolis, J. Ciblar, J. Newcomer, D. Fitzjarraid, P.O. Jarvis, S.T.

Gower, D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison, D.E. Wickland, and F.E. Guertin. 1997, BOREAS

in 1997: Experiment Overview, Scientific Results and Future Directions. Journal of Geophysical

Research 102(D24): 28,731-28,770.

Sullivan, J.H., B.D. Bovard, and E. M. Middleton. 1996. Variability in leaf-level CO2 and water

fluxes in Pinus banksiana and Picea mariana in Saskatchewan. Tree Physiol. V I7: 553-561.

17.3 Archive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

Page 23
A nm

C

carot

chla

chlb

C-H-N

DMSO

H

N

18. Glossary of Terms

- Absorptance at a Specified Wavelength (nm)

- Carbon

- Carotenoid

- Chlorophyll A

- Chlorophyll B

- Carbon-Hydrogen-Nitrogen

- Dimethyl sulfoxide

- Hydrogen

- Nitrogen

ASCII

BARC

BOREAS

BORIS

CD-ROM

DAAC

DMSO

EOS

EOSDIS

GIS

GSFC

HTML

IFC

NAD83

NASA

NOAA

NSA

OA

OA-AUX

OBS

OJP

ORNL

PANP

SSA

TE

URL

USDA

UTM

WS

YA

YA-AUX

YJP

19. List of Acronyms

- American Standard Code for Information Interchange

- Beltsville Agricultural Research Center

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Dimethyl Sulfoxide

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Geographic Information System

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- HyperText Markup Language

- intensive Field Campaign

- North American Datum of 1983

- National Aeronautics and Space Administration

- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

- Northern Study Area

- Old Aspen

- Old Aspen-Auxiliary

- Old Black Spruce

- Old Jack Pine

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Southern Study Area

- Terrestrial Ecology

- Uniform Resource Locator

- United States Department of Agriculture

- Universal Transverse Mercator

White Spruce

- Young Aspen

- Young Aspen-Auxiliary

Young Jack Pine

Page 24
20. Document Information

20.1 Revision Date

Written: 01 -Oct- 1997

Last updated: 11-Aug-1999

20.2 Document Review Date(s)

BORIS Review: 08-Jul- 1998

Science Review: 03-Aug- 1998

20.3 Document ID

20.4 Citation

When using these data, please include the following acknowledgment as well as citations of

relevant papers in Section 17.2:

Middleton, E.M., of the Biospheric Sciences Branch, GSFC, NASA, and Sullivan, J.H., of the

Department of Natural Resource Sciences and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland,

College Park.

If using data from the BOREAS CD-ROM series, also reference the data as:

Middleton, E. and J. Sullivan, "CO, and Water Fluxes in the Boreal Forest Overstory:

Relationship to fAPAR and Vegetation Indices for Needles/Leaves." In Collected Data of The Boreal

Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. Eds. J. Newcomer, D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich,

D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P.

Sellers. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

Also, cite the BOREAS CD-ROM set as:

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. Collected Data of

The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 25
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApprove_

OMB No. 0704-0188

Publicreport4ngburdenfor this collectionof information is estimated to average 1 hourper response,includingthe time for reviewing instructions,searchingexistingdata sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completingand reviewing the collectionof information. Send comments regarding this burdenestimate or any other aspect o( this

collection of information, including suggestionsforreducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for informationOperations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-43021and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project {0704-0188}, Washington, DC 20503,

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED • "

October 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TE-10 Leaf Chemistry Data

6. AUTHOR(S)

Elizabeth Middleton and Joseph Sullivan

Forrest G. Hall and Andrea Papagno, Editors

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

923

RTOP: 923-462-33-01

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10.SPONSORING/ MONITORING

AGENCYREPORTNUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 161

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

J. Sullivan: University of Maryland, College Park;

A. Papagno: Raytheon ITSS, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

Unclassified-Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TE- 10 team collected several data sets in support of its efforts to characterize and

interpret information on the reflectance, transmittance, gas exchange, chlorophyll content, carbon

content, hydrogen content, and nitrogen content of boreal vegetation. This data set describes the

relationship between sample location, age, chlorophyll content, and C-H-N concentrations at several

sites in the SSA conducted during the growing seasons of 1994 and 1996. The data are stored in

tabular ASCII files.

14. SUBJECTTERMS

BOREAS, terrestrial ecology, boreal vegetation.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

25

16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRAC1

UL

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)

Prescribed by ANSI Std Z3918

298-102