# pennsylvania

DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

SECRETARY


### January +.4, 2013



## Mr. Shawn Garvin

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region III

1650 Arch Street (Mail Code: 3RAOO) Philadelphia, PA 19103-2029

## ~~h~,**Dear~n:**

The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) requests that the

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) approve and establish a Motor Vehicle Emissions Budget (MVEB) for the year 2011 for the' Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Fine Particulate Matter

Nonattainment Area (Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Area).

The Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Area is meeting the 2006 24-hour fine particulate matter (PM2.s)

National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS). The EPA will soon issue a Clean Data

Determination for the Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Area for this standard. We request that when

EP A approves the Clean Data Determination that an MVEB for 2011 under the provisions of

40 CFR 93.1 09( c)( 5)(iii) is also established.

The Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Area includes Allegheny County (excluding the Liberty-Clairton

Nonattainment Area), Beaver County, Butler County, and Westmoreland County, along with portions of Armstrong, Greene and Lawrence Counties. Monitors in these counties have shown compliance with the 24-hour PM2.5 standard, based on the area's quality-controlled and state

certified ambient air monitoring data for 2009,2010, and 2011. The EPA examined DEP's air quality monitoring network and determined that it satisfied the specific minimum criteria for establishing state and local air monitoring stations for PM 2 .5 

### data collection, as described in

40 CFR Part 58, Appendix D, Section 4.7.

This MVEB will bring the assumptions for highway vehicle emissions up to date and facilitate

the transportation planning process in the nonattainment area. The Southwestern Pennsylvania

Commission (SPC) is required by EPA to use the approved Motor Vehicle Emissions Simulator
(MOVES) Model for purposes of meeting Transportation Conformity requirements beginning

March 2, 2013.' Therefore, the MVEB being submitted to EPA was developed using the

MOVES Model. The EPA establishing the MVEB for 2011 will allow SPC to compare
emissions estimated for transportation planning to an MVEB that was developed using the same computer model.

The DEP is providing an annual 2011 MVEB for the Pittsburgh-Beaver 'Valley Area. Establishing a 2011 MVEB in the Pittsburgh-Beaver VaHey Area will help the state meet its

clean air goals. The annual highway vehicle emissions for the Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Area for

2011 are 28,973.05 tons and 961.71 tons for NO x 

### and PM2.5, respectively. Enclosed you will

Rachel Carson State Office Building 

### I P.O. Box 2063 

### I Harrisourg/ PA 17105-2063

717.787.2814 

### ro

Printed on Recycled Paper**~O** www.depweb.state.pa.us

### Mr. Shawn Garvin - 2**~** 

### January 

### 14, 2013

find a Technical Support Document, which includes the executive summary, explanation of methodology, and emissions summary tables. A paper copy and a searchable portable document

format file of the revised MVEB are enclosed. I certify that the electronic files are exact duplicates of the hard copies.

The Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Area was designated nonattainment for the 1997 annual
(70 FR 944) and 2006 24-hour (74 FR 58688) PM2.5 NAAQS. The EPA has already determined

that the**Pittsburgh~Beaver** 

### Valley Area attained the 1997 annual PM2.5 NAAQS (77 FR 62147).

We plan to develop a request for redesignation to attainment for both the 1997 and 2006 PM25
NAAQS in 2013.

We appreciate EPA's continued**assistan~e** 

### in preparing this clean data request,**establis~ing** 

### MVEBs, and efforts in assisting us to achieve clean air in the Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Area. If

you have any questions, feel free to contact Joyce E. Epps, Director of the Bureau of Air Quality, bye-mail atjeepps@pa.gov or by te one at 717.787.9702. You may also contact

Chris Trostle bye-mail at dtros .goy or by telephone at 717.772.3926.

Secretary

Enclosures

# APPENDIX A

The Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Nonattainment Area

PM 2.5 

# Emissions Inventory Using MOVES2010a

Technical Support Document Mobile Source Highway Emissions Inventory

Executive Summary

October 2012 Prepared for:

**Mobile Sources Section, Bureau of Air Quality Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection** 

**PO Box 8468 Harrisburg, PA 17105-8468** 

Prepared by:

**Michael Baker, Jr., Inc.**

**1304 Concourse Drive Linthicum, MD 21090** 

**410-689-3400**

### Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Nonattainment Area: Mobile Source Emissions Inventory Executive Summary

**October 2012**



# Exhibit of Contents

SUMMARY ...........................................

................................................... ................................................... ................. 1

**R EVISED**  **E MISSIONS**  **I NVENTORY** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **.......................... 1**

**A NALYSIS**  **M ETHODOLOGY** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **................................... 2**

DATA SOURCES AND ANALYSIS TOOLS ...................

................................................... ..................................... 4

**A NALYSIS**  **T OOLS** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **................................................. 4**

**T RAFFIC**  **D ATA**  **S OURCE**  **/F LEET**  **D ATA**  **I NPUTS** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **...... 5**

**T RAFFIC**  **G ROWTH**  **A SSUMPTIONS** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **......................... 7**

**V EHICLE**  **P OPULATION**  **G ROWTH**  **A SSUMPTIONS** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **... 7**

**I/M AND**  **F UEL**  **P ARAMETERS** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **................................ 8**

**M ETEOROLOGY**  **D ATA** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **.......................................... 9**

**V EHICLE**  **T ECHNOLOGY**  **P ROGRAMS** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **..................... 9**

RESOURCES .........................................

................................................... ................................................... .............. 10



# List of Exhibits

**E XHIBIT**  **1: S UMMARY OF**  **A PPENDICES** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **...................... 1**

**E XHIBIT**  **2: M OTOR**  **V EHICLE**  **E MISSIONS**  **U SING**  **MOVES2010 A** 

**.................................................. .................................. 2** 

**E XHIBIT**  **3: S UMMARY OF**  **A NALYSIS**  **T OOLS** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **.............. 4**

**E XHIBIT**  **4: PPSUITE P ROCESS** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **................................. 5**



# Summary of Appendices

Appendix A-1: **Mobile Source Highway Emissions Inventory – An Ex planation of Methodology** 

Appendix A-2: **Emission Results for PM2.5 (PM2.5, PM10, VOC, CO, NOx, SO2, NH3)** 

**(By Year, Road Type, Source Type and Process)**

Appendix A-3: **MOVES Sample Input Files**Pittsburgh -Beaver Valley Nonattainment Area **Emissions Inventory: Executive Summary 1**



# SUMMARY

**This technical appendix supports the PM 2.5**  

### State Implementation Plan (SIP) for the Pittsburgh **-Beaver Valley area. The nonattainment area consists of:** 

• **Allegheny County not including the townships part o f the Liberty-Clairton nonattainment area**  **which include Lincoln Borough, Clairton City, Glass port Borough, Liberty, and Port Vue**  **Borough;**

• **Elderton Borough and Plumcreek and Washington Towns hips in Armstrong County;** 

• **Beaver County;**

• **Butler County;**

• **Monongahela Township in Greene County;**

• **Taylor Township south of New Castle City in Lawrenc e County;** 

• **Washington County; and**

• **Westmoreland County.**

**To meet emission inventory requirements of section 172(c)(3) of the Clean Air Act, a regional mobile**  **source highway inventory has been prepared for dire ct and precursor PM**  **2.5** 

### emissions. Emissions are **estimated for the 2011 analysis year. The pollutan ts included in the inventory are primary emissions**  **(including condensibles) of PM 2.5**  

### and PM **10** 

### and the precursor emissions of VOC, CO, NOx, SO **2** 

### , and

**NH 3** 



### .

**On March 2, 2010, EPA officially released MOVES2010 a to be used for all SIP submittals and future**  **transportation conformity analyses after a grace pe riod through March 2, 2012. On February 15, 2012,**  **EPA extended the grace period to March 2, 2013. Th is state implementation plan provides emission**  **inventory for the 2011 analysis year using MOVES201 0a.** 

**Appendix A has been provided to summarize the metho dology and analysis results for the motor vehicle**  **emissions inventory. To complement this executive summary, attachments have been provided with**  **additional detail regarding the analysis methodolog y, the MOVES input parameters, and the output**  **vehicle miles of travel (VMT) and emission results for the region. These include:** 



### Exhibit 1: Summary of Appendices

Appendix Title Description

A-1 **Explanation of Methodology Provides a detailed summary of the methodology used**  **to**
**calculate the VMT and emissions.**



### A-2 **(** 

### PM **2.5** 

### , **PM 10**  

### ,V **OC, CO, NOx,** 

**SO 2**  

### , and NH **3 )** 

**Emission Results Provides annual emission exhibits by county, road t**  **ype, source type and process categories in 2011.** 



### A-3 **MOVES Sample Input File Provides examples of the MO VES input files.** 



## Revised Emissions Inventory

**A summary of the motor vehicle emissions for the Pi ttsburgh-Beaver Valley Area is provided in**  Exhibit

2 **. The emission estimates for all pollutants have b een developed using the MOVES2010a emission**  **model and latest planning assumptions. Emissions h ave been estimated for the 2011 analysis year.** Pittsburgh -Beaver Valley Nonattainment Area **Emissions Inventory: Executive Summary 2** 

### Exhibit 2: Motor Vehicle Emissions Using MOVES2010a

(Short Tons/Year)

Pollutants/

Year PM 2.5 PM 10 VOC CO NOX SO2 NH3

**Allegheny (Partial) 447.57 601.90 7,368.79 93,183.47 13,236.15 65.07 26**  **1.01**

**Armstrong (Partial) 3.78 4.63 43.96 551.49 115.56 0.44 1.83** 

**Beaver 73.01 97.18 1,217.09 15,258.48 2,192.92 10.60 42.85** 

**Butler 104.45 131.17 1,780.19 21,949.64 3,396.70 14.16 58.**  **67**

**Greene (Partial) 1.51 1.87 25.01 287.87 51.99 0.20 0.96** 

**Lawrence (Partial) 9.65 11.24 45.50 787.64 291.57 0.95 4.40** 

**Washington 111.97 140.56 1,557.89 20,090.58 3,421.14 14.74 60.**  **65**

**Westmoreland 209.76 264.34 2,716.13 34,739.37 6,267.00 26.16 105**  **.15**

Area Total 961.71 1,252.88 14,754.57 186,848.53 28,973.05 132.31 535.53



## Analysis Methodology

**Guidance documents from EPA were used to develop th e base and future year emissions inventories for** 

**the** Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Nonattainment Area **. They include:**

• Policy Guidance on the Use of MOVES2010 for SIP Dev elopment, Transportation Conformity, and Other Purposes **, US EPA Office of Air and Radiation, EPA-420-B-09- 046, December 2009.** 

• Technical Guidance on the Use of MOVES2010 for Emis sion Inventory Preparation in State Implementation Plans and Transportation Confo rmity **, US EPA Office of Air and Radiation, and Office of Transportation and Air Qua**  **lity, EPA-420-B-10-023, April**

**2010.**

• Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator, User Guide for MO VES2010a, **EPA-420-B-10-036, August 2010.** 

**The highway mobile source emission inventory was de veloped using available travel data and EPA’s**  **MOVES2010a emission model. The methodologies used to produce the emission data conform to the**  **recommendations provided in EPA’s** Technical Guidance **. A mix of local data and national default (internal to MOVES2010a) data has been used for thi**  **s submission. Local data has been used for the primary data items that have a significant impact o**  **n emissions. These include:**

• **Vehicle miles of travel (VMT) by vehicle type.**

• **Average speed distribution.**

• **Vehicle type mixes.**

• **Source type population (for light-duty vehicles).**

• **Vehicle age distribution.**

• **Hourly distributions.**

• **Meteorology data.**

• **Inspection/Maintenance program.**

• **Fuel supply.**Pittsburgh -Beaver Valley Nonattainment Area **Emissions Inventory: Executive Summary 3**



### Most local data inputs to the analysis process refl **ect the latest planning assumptions based on 2008 d ata**  **obtained from the Pennsylvania Department of Transp ortation (PennDOT), the Bureau of Motor Vehicles,** 

**and other local/national sources. Newer data was a vailable and was used for control strategies (e.g.**  **Inspection-Maintenance programs), vehicle age distr ibutions and fuel characteristics.** 

**The analysis methodology is consistent with past st atewide inventory efforts including the 2008 Nation**  **al Emissions Inventory (NEI) submission. This include**  **s the use of custom post processing software to calculate hourly speeds and prepare key traffic inp**  **ut files to the MOVES2010a emission model. A detailed methodology is provided in**  Appendix A-1 **. The following sections address the key input dat a**  **sources and analysis tools used for the emissions i nventory for the Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Area.** Pittsburgh -Beaver Valley Nonattainment Area **Emissions Inventory: Executive Summary 4**



# DATA SOURCES AND ANALYSIS TOOLS

**This section provides a summary of the key input da ta and analysis tools used for producing the emissi**  **ons inventory. The key elements to the modeling protoc**  **ol are described in the sections below. A more detailed description of the analysis process and to**  **ols is provided in the methodology reports in** Appendix

A-1 **through** A-3

**.**



## Analysis Tools

**The mobile vehicle emissions inventory analysis uti lizes several key software/programs for producing t**  **he county emissions totals. These tools are outlined**  **in** Exhibit 3

**.**



### Exhibit 3: Summary of Analysis Tools

Tool Purpose

**MOVES2010a Produces emission**  **rates for**  **primary**

**emissions (including condensibles) of PM 2.5**  

### and PM **10** 

### and the precursor emissions of **VOC, CO, NOx, SO 2**  

### , and NH **3**



### PPSUITE **Processes the highway data ;**  **Calculates**

**hourly congested speeds for each state roadway segment; Prepares MOVES2010a**  **input files; Processes MOVES2010a output files into a summary report.** 

**CENTRAL Provides a batch menu driven process to** 

**execute PPSUITE, MOVES2010a and other**

**MYSQL steps.**

**The inventory reflects the highway mobile source em ission estimations using EPA’s MOVES2010a**  **emission model. EPA’s MOVES model was officially r eleased on March 2, 2010 and was followed with**  **a revised version (MOVES2010a) in August 2010. Sub sequent to the start of this analysis, EPA released**  **a newer version, MOVES2010b, in April 2012; however , the emission rates for criteria pollutants remain**  **consistent to previous versions. The MOVES2010a mo del provides a more robust estimate of emissions**  **as compared to its predecessor MOBILE6.2. MOVES201 0a has been integrated with local traffic, vehicle**  **fleet, environmental, fuel, and control strategy da ta to estimate emissions.** 

**PPSUITE represents an enhanced version of the Post Processor for Air Quality (PPAQ) software system**  **that has been used for previous inventory and confo rmity submissions in Pennsylvania. The software ha**  **s undergone significant revisions to ensure consisten**  **cy with the MOVES2010a. PPSUITE was used to calculate hourly congested speeds for each roadway**  **link, apply vehicle type fractions, aggregate VMT, prepare MOVES2010a traffic-related input files and**  **process MOVES2010a outputs.**

**The PPSUITE software and process methodologies are consistent with that used for state inventories and**  **transportation conformity analyses throughout Penns ylvania.**  Exhibit 4 **summarizes the key functions of**

**PPSUITE.**Pittsburgh -Beaver Valley Nonattainment Area **Emissions Inventory: Executive Summary 5**



### CENTRAL is a menu-driven software platform that exe **cutes the PPSUITE and MOVES2010a processes**

**in batch mode. The software allows users to execut e runs for a variety of input options and integrate**  **s custom MYSQL steps into the process. CENTRAL provi**  **des important quality control and assurance steps including file naming and storage automation.** 



## Traffic Data Source/Fleet Data Inputs

Traffic Volume Data **: The PennDOT Roadway Management System (RMS) data serves as the primary**  **highway data source for the county and functional c lass VMT estimates. The data source is used to**  **provide a “snapshot” of the regional roadway system and traffic volumes in 2008 (consistent with past**  **triennial updates of traffic data). The 2008 data i s also integrated with traffic signal locations. T**  **he data includes the average annual daily traffic (AADT) vo**  **lumes for all state roadways in Pennsylvania. To account for additional local roadway VMT and to ens**  **ure consistency with reported Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) VMT totals, the VMT totals**  **estimated from PennDOT’s RMS are adjusted to match the annual 2008 HPMS VMT totals, as report**  **ed to FHWA.**

**Special processing is required to estimate travel i n the partial county portions of the nonattainment**  **area. The townships within each area were identified base**  **d on the nonattainment-maintenance area designation descriptions. Using GIS, township boundaries were**  **over-laid on the PennDOT RMS segments and used to identify which road segments fell within the non**  **attainment-maintenance area. These state roadway segments were used for the analysis of VMT and emis**  **sions for non-local state-owned roadways.**

**The RMS roadway data contains some local segments ( those which are state-owned and function as local**  **roads). Since the RMS database does not contain a comprehensive representation of local roads, local**  

### Exhibit 4 : PPSUITE ProcessPittsburgh -Beaver Valley Nonattainment Area **Emissions Inventory: Executive Summary 6**



### VMT is typically reconciled to the reported HPMS lo **cal VMT for each county in Pennsylvania. However, HPMS VMT is only reported at the county-level. For**  **the partial areas the following methods were used**

**to estimate local VMT:**

• **Option 1: Calculate local VMT based on local road s egments in RMS database (as discussed this**  **could underestimate local VMT)**

• **Option 2: Using GIS, determine the fraction of CENS US TIGER roadway local mileage in the**  **nonattainment-maintenance area as compared to the c ounty total. This fraction is then applied to**  **the county HPMS local VMT.**

• **Option 3: Determine the fraction of population in t he nonattainment-maintenance area as**  **compared to the total county population. This frac tion is then applied to the county HPMS local** 

**VMT.**

**The three above methods were analyzed for each nona ttainment area and the highest values were chosen**  **to ensure that local VMT was not under-represented in the analysis. These values were used to estimat**  **e emissions for the partial nonattainment-maintenance**  **area. Note, based on more recent snapshots of RMS data, revised CENSUS TIGER roadway coverage files,**  **and updated population estimates, the amount of partial area VMT may differ from previous SIP submi**  **ssions.**

Seasonal Adjustments **: Within MOVES, annual VMT is split to monthly sub- totals and then to**  **weekdays and weekends using seasonal factors. The monthly seasonal factors are developed from data**  **contained in the document,** 2008 Pennsylvania Traffic Data **, prepared by PennDOT’s Bureau of Planning and Research (BPR). The seasonal and daily factors**  **provided in this document are based on statistical analyses of 2008 traffic counts taken at permanent**  **and in-pavement ATR (automatic traffic recorder) locations throughout the state.** 

Congested Speeds **: Based on the average annual daily traffic, a sing le set of hourly speed distributions**  **are estimated by the PPSUITE post processing system and input to MOVES. To disaggregate the daily**  **RMS volumes to hourly volumes, auto and truck hourl y pattern data from PennDOT’s**  2008 Pennsylvania Traffic Data **report is used to determine the temporal variation s in traffic volumes.** 

Vehicle Population **: Vehicle population is a key input that has an imp ortant impact on start and**  **evaporative emissions. MOVES2010a requires the num ber of vehicles by 13 source types to determine**  **evaporative emissions. State 2008 vehicle registra tion data (consistent with past triennial updates o**  **f traffic data) was used to estimate vehicle populati**  **on for light-duty vehicles and school buses. The d ata**  **was split to source types using MOVES2010a default population data. For transit buses, data from**  **PennDOT and the National Transit Database (NTD) was used to estimate transit bus populations by**  **county. For all other heavy-duty vehicles, PPSUITE calculates vehicle population based on the analysi**  **s year VMT for each source type and default MOVES2010**  **a ratios of VMT and source type population (e.g. the number of miles per vehicle by source type).** 

VMT by Source Type **: The total VMT is disaggregated to the 13 MOVES201 0a source types. For this**  **inventory, the vehicle mix was calculated for each county and functional class grouping utilizing a** 

**combination of:**

• **2008 RMS truck percentages**

• **2008 PennDOT and NTD transit data**

• **2008 school bus registration data**

**EPA’s MOVES2010a default distribution of VMT by sou rce type was used to determine the remaining**  **source type VMT percentages. The development of ve hicle type pattern data input to the MOVES2010a** 

**software is described in more detail in** Appendix A-1

**.**Pittsburgh -Beaver Valley Nonattainment Area **Emissions Inventory: Executive Summary 7**



### Vehicle Age Distribution: **Vehicle age distributions are required to be inpu t by 13 source types. The**  **distributions reflect the percentage of vehicles in the fleet up to 31 years old. A recent 2010 regis**  **tration**

**download from PennDOT’s Bureau of Motor Vehicles Re gistration Database has indicated a substantially**  **older fleet than recorded in the 2002-2008 period. As a result, the 2010 vehicle age distributions ha**  **ve been used for this inventory. Due to insufficient**  **data, only data for light-duty vehicles are used as local**  **inputs; and heavy-duty vehicle ages are calculated using the internal MOVES2010a defaults for each**  **Pennsylvania County. The registration data downloa d is based on MOBILE6.2 vehicle categories. The**  **data was converted to source types using the EPA co nvertor spreadsheets provided with the** 

**MOVES2010a emission model.**



## Traffic Growth Assumptions

**Traffic growth forecasting plays a pivotal role in estimating future year emissions for the region. T**  **here are many uncertainties affecting projections of tra**  **ffic growth including the current economic conditio ns,**  **potential fuel prices, the impacts of natural gas i ndustry activities in many counties throughout the**  **state, and the future growth in population and employment.**  **Growth rates for this emissions inventory were**

**based on an assessment of available data sources in cluding the regional travel model maintained by the**  **Southwestern Pennsylvania Commission (SPC) and Penn DOT’s BPR growth rate forecasting system.** 

**All SIP mobile source highway inventories include t he review and assessment of county-specific growth**  **rates from a PennDOT study originally completed in 2005 and documented in the report,**  Statistical Evaluation of Projected Traffic Growth, Traffic Gro wth Forecasting System: Final Report, March 14,

2005 **. As part of that study, a statewide traffic growt h forecasting system was developed that incorporate**  **s traffic data from PennDOT’s Traffic Information Sys**  **tem and socioeconomic forecasts. That forecasting system is maintained by the PennDOT BPR and is upda**  **ted on a periodic basis. This system was last updated in December of 2009 to develop new statisti**  **cal relationships between historic VMT growth and population (thru 2008). The forecast population wa**  **s estimated from the Woods and Poole data “2010 State Profile”. The results of the study have been**  **shared between PennDOT, PaDEP, and other Interagency Consultation Group members, including t**  **he Pennsylvania Transportation - Air Quality Work Group (which also includes EPA, FHWA, and represent**  **atives from larger MPOs within the state).**

**The growth rates from the PennDOT BPR forecasting s ystem are evaluated against other available data**  **including travel model growth and other insights. For the development of MVEBs, upper estimates of th**  **e VMT growth range are used for the forecast analyses**  **. From an air quality perspective, the use of the upper boundary is conservative, and provides for fa**  **ctors outside PennDOT or PaDEP control (e.g., potential socio-economic growth above current forec**  **asts, fleet age distributions, vehicle type distrib ution)** 

**that influence motor vehicle emissions. To account for additional local roadway VMT and to ensure**  **consistency with reported Highway Performance Monit oring System (HPMS) VMT totals, the VMT**  **totals estimated were adjusted to match the annual 2011 HPMS VMT totals, as reported to FHWA.** 



## Vehicle Population Growth Assumptions

**Vehicle population growth forecasting plays an impo rtant key role in determining emissions for future**  **years for the region. For this inventory, vehicle population was forecasted considering the growth fr**  **om three different sources:** 

• **Household growth**

• **Population Growth**

• **VMT Growth**Pittsburgh -Beaver Valley Nonattainment Area **Emissions Inventory: Executive Summary 8**



### The household and population data were obtained fro **m the PennDOT study documented in the report as discussed above,**  Statistical Evaluation of Projected Traffic Growth, Traffic Growth Forecasting System: Final Report, March 14, 2005. **The forecast household and population were estimate d from the Woods**  **and Poole data “2010 State Profile”. The final gro wth rate was calculated assuming the highest growth**  **rate of household and population data but then limi ting it to the VMT growth rate. This methodology h**  **as been used for past conformity analyses and has been**  **accepted using the interagency consultation proces s**  **(Pennsylvania Air Quality Workgroup).**



## I/M and Fuel Parameters

I/M Program: **The inspection maintenance (I/M) program inputs to the MOVES2010a model are based**  **on past and current programs within each county (al l Pennsylvania I/M programs are based on county**  **boundaries). All analysis years include Pennsylvan ia’s statewide program. The MOVES2010a model**  **has simplified the I/M program input parameters com pared to MOBILE6.2. The default I/M program**  **parameters included in MOVES2010a were examined for each county and necessary changes made to the**  **defaults to match the actual local program.**

**In order to assure that emission controls are worki ng properly, vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/**  **M) programs have been adopted in some nonattainment ar**  **eas. These programs have the added benefit of improving the fuel efficiency of vehicles. The Pen**  **nsylvania inspection and maintenance (I/M) program was upgraded and expanded throughout the state with**  **a phase-in period starting in September 2003 and fully implemented by June 2004.** 

**The program requirements vary by region (five regio ns) and include on-board diagnostics (OBD)**  **technology that uses the vehicle’s computer for mod el years 1996 and newer to identify potential engin**  **e and exhaust system problems that could affect emiss**  **ions. The program, named PAOBDII, is implemented by region, as follows:** 

• Philadelphia Region **- Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery and Philade lphia Counties** 

• Pittsburgh Region **- Allegheny, Beaver, Washington and Westmoreland C ounties** 

• South Central and Lehigh Valley Region **- Berks, Cumberland, Dauphin, Lancaster, Lebanon, Lehigh, Northampton and York Counties** 

• North Region **- Blair, Cambria, Centre, Erie, Lackawanna, Luzern e, Lycoming, and Mercer** 

**Counties**

**The OBDII program is implemented in Philadelphia an d Pittsburgh along with tailpipe (idle in Pittsburg**  **h and idle and ASM in Philadelphia) and gas cap tests**  **. Tests in other regions include:**

• **Subject vehicles registered in the South Central an d Lehigh Valley counties receive the visual,**  **OBD and gas cap tests.**

• **Subject vehicles registered in the North region rec eive a gas cap test and visual inspection.** 

• **Subject vehicles registered in the other 42 countie s (67 total counties) receive a visual inspection**  **as part of the annual safety inspection.**

Fuel Assumptions **: The MOVES2010a default fuel formulation and fuel supply data were reviewed and**  **updated based on available local volumetric fuel pr operty information. Within the Pittsburgh region,**  **a low RVP (7.8) fuel program in in place and assumed**  **for base and future analysis years. MOVES2010a default data was used for many of the key parameter**  **s. Several of the key updates to default data**

**included:**Pittsburgh -Beaver Valley Nonattainment Area **Emissions Inventory: Executive Summary 9**



### • **Using 8.7 RVP for summer months outside of the Pitt sburgh low-rvp region.** 

• **10% ethanol used throughout the year for analysis y ear 2011.** 



## Meteorology Data

**Updated weather information has been obtained from WeatherBank, Inc. (**  **www.weatherbank.com ). The**  **10-year (1998-2008) average minimum and maximum mon thly temperature and relative humidity values**  **were obtained for each of the 9 airport locations i n Pennsylvania.** 

**The MOVES2010a model requires temperature and relat ive humidity data for each hour of the day and**  **for all the 12 months for the annual analysis. EPA ’s data converters were used to convert minimum and**  **maximum daily temperatures to an hourly temperature profile that could be input to MOVES2010a.**  **These assumptions are consistent with the 2008 NEI inventory submission.** 



## Vehicle Technology Programs

**Federal Programs**

**Current federal vehicle emissions control and fuel programs are incorporated into the MOVES2010a**  **software. These include the National Program stand ards covering model year vehicles through 2016.**  **Modifications of default emission rates are require d to reflect the early implementation of the Nation**  **al Low Emission Vehicle Program (NLEV) program in Penn**  **sylvania. To reflect these impacts, EPA has released instructions and input files that can be u**  **sed to model these impacts. This inventory utilize d the**  **August 2010 version of the files ( http://www.epa.gov/oms/models/moves/tools.htm**  **).**

**State Programs**

**The Pennsylvania Clean Vehicles (PCV) Program, adop ted in 1998, incorporated the California Low**  **Emission Vehicle Program (CA LEVII) by reference, a lthough it allowed automakers to comply with the**  **NLEV program as an alternative to this Pennsylvania program until MY 2006. Beginning with MY 2008,**  **“new” passenger cars and light-duty trucks with a g ross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 8,500 pounds** 

**or less that are sold or leased and titled in Penns ylvania must be certified by the California Air Res**  **ources Board (CARB) or be certified for sale in all 50 sta**  **tes. For this program, a “new” vehicle is a qualifi ed**  **vehicle with an odometer reading less than 7,500 mi les. PaDEP and PennDOT worked with the**  **automobile manufacturers, dealers and other interes ted business partners and finalized procedures for**  **complying with these new requirements. DEP focuses its outreach effort with the manufacturers and**  **dealers regarding what vehicles can be offered for sale and how to certify that the vehicles are compl**  **iant. PennDOT’s role is to ensure licensing and registrat**  **ion records include these certifications of complia nce**  **or that the vehicle owner qualifies for an exemptio n to the requirements. In all cases, DEP will use**  **information obtained during PennDOT’s title and reg istration process to oversee and audit, as needed,** 

**certain vehicle title transactions to determine com pliance to the program.** 

**The impacts of this program are modeled for all ana lysis years beyond 2008 using the same instructions**  **and tools as downloaded for the early NLEV analysis . EPA provided input files to reflect the CAL LEVI**  **I program. Modifications to those files were made to**  **reflect a 2008 start date for Pennsylvania.**Pittsburgh -Beaver Valley Nonattainment Area **Emissions Inventory: Executive Summary 10**



# RESOURCES

Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator, User Guide for MO VES2010a, **EPA-420-B-10-036, August 2010.**

Technical Guidance on the Use of MOVES2010 for Emis sion Inventory Preparation in State Implementation Plans and Transportation Conformity **, US EPA Office of Air and Radiation, and Office of Transportation and Air Quality, EPA-420-B-10-023**  **, April 2010.**

2008 Pennsylvania Traffic Data, **PennDOT Bureau of Planning and Research, 2008.**

Policy Guidance on the Use of MOVES2010 for SIP Dev elopment, Transportation Conformity

**,** and Other Purposes **, US EPA Office of Air and Radiation, EPA-420-B-09- 046, December 2009.** 

Instructions for Using LEV and NLEV Inputs for MOVE S, **US EPA, EPA-420-B-10-003a, August 2010.**

Statistical Evaluation of Projected Traffic Growth, Traffic Growth Forecasting System: Final Report, **Michael Baker Jr., Inc., March 14, 2005.**

**Metrological Data from Weather Bank, Inc., www.weat herbank.com** 

# APPENDIX A-1

Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley - An Explanation of Method ology**An Explanation of Methodology** 

### Explanation of Methodology

**October 2012**



# TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ......................................

................................................... ................................................... ........... 1

**O VERVIEW OF**  **E MISSIONS**  **I NVENTORIES** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **............... 1**

**H IGHWAY**  **V EHICLE**  **E MISSION**  **I NVENTORIES** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **........ 1**

WHERE DOES PENNSYLVANIA OBTAIN ITS DATA? ..........

................................................... ........................ 4

**S UMMARY OF**  **MOVES I NPUTS** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **............................. 4**

**V EHICLE**  **M ILES OF**  **T RAVEL**  **(VMT) .............................................**

**................................................... .......................... 5** 

**A DJUSTMENTS TO**  **R OADWAY**  **D ATA** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **..................... 8**

**V EHICLE**  **T YPE**  **P ROCESSING** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **................................. 9**

**V EHICLE**  **F LEET AND**  **P OPULATION**  **D ATA** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **........... 10**

**E NVIRONMENTAL**  **, F UEL AND**  **T ECHNOLOGY**  **A SSUMPTIONS** 

**.................................................. .................................. 11** 

SPEED/EMISSION ESTIMATION PROCEDURE ...............

................................................... ............................ 12

**V OLUME**  **/VMT D EVELOPMENT** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **.......................... 12**

**S PEED**  **/D ELAY**  **D ETERMINATION** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **......................... 15**

**HPMS AND**  **VMT A DJUSTMENTS** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **....................... 16**

**MOVES E MISSIONS**  **R UN** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **................................... 17**

RESOURCES .........................................

................................................... ................................................... .............. 18

HIGHWAY VEHICLE INVENTORY GLOSSARY ................

................................................... .......................... 19



# List of Exhibits

**E XHIBIT**  **1: S UMMARY OF**  **PPSUITE P ROCESS** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **........... 3**

**E XHIBIT**  **2: MOVES L OCAL**  **D ATA**  **I NPUT**  **S UMMARY** 

**.................................................. ...................................................**  **4**

**E XHIBIT**  **3: P ENN**  **DOT U RBAN**  **/R URAL AND**  **F UNCTIONAL**  **C LASS**  **C ODES** 

**.................................................. ..................... 6** 

**E XHIBIT**  **4: E MISSION**  **F ACTOR VS**  **. S PEED**  **V ARIANCES**  **(PM2.5) ........................................... .......................................... 7** 

**E XHIBIT**  **5: MOVES S OURCE**  **T YPES AND**  **HPMS V EHICLE**  **G ROUPS** 

**.................................................. ............................ 9** 

**E XHIBIT**  **6: PPSUITE S PEED**  **/ E MISSION**  **E STIMATION**  **P ROCEDURE** 

**.................................................. ............................ 13** Appendix A-1 1



# INTRODUCTION

**The purpose of this document is to explain how the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental**  **Protection (Department) estimates emissions from hi ghway vehicles for inclusion in its emission**  **inventories and State Implementation Plans.**



## Overview of Emissions Inventories

**The Department’s inventories generally categorize e missions into four categories:** 

• **Highway vehicles.**

• **Stationary sources (major industrial, commercial an d utility sources).** 

• **Area sources (smaller industrial/commercial sources , consumer products).** 

• **Nonroad mobile sources (including construction and agricultural equipment, lawn and garden**  **equipment).**

**An evaluation of emissions from point, area, and mo bile sources is needed to develop a complete**  **inventory needed for a maintenance demonstration pl an. This documentation addresses the mobile source**  **activity and emissions for base and future years us ed to support such a demonstration.** 

**Of all of the sources of air pollution, only the em issions of some stationary sources are measured dir**  **ectly and continuously through instrumentation. Emission**  **s from all other sources must be modeled based on available local data, including those from highway**  **vehicles. In their very simplest form, estimates o f**  **emissions follow the following pattern:**

Emission rate x activity level = emissions per time period (usually day or year)

**Most emission rates have been developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in**  **cooperation with industry and states, and are compi led and documented into key references or emission**  **models. These include Compilation of Air Pollution Emission Factors (AP-42), the Motor Vehicle**  **Emission Simulator (MOVES) model, and the NONROAD m odel. Adding up the products of the**  **emission rates and activity levels for all sources of a given pollutant constitutes the emission inven**  **tory for that pollutant.** 



## Highway Vehicle Emission Inventories

**Highway vehicles contribute significantly to air po llution, particularly to ground-level ozone, which**  **is the most persistent air pollutant in Pennsylvania. Gro**  **und-level** 

### ozone is not emitted directly to the **atmosphere, but is formed by photochemical reaction s between volatile organic compounds**  **(VOCs) and oxides of nitrogen (NO**

**x** 

### ) in the presence of sunlight. The long, hot, humi **d days of summer are particularly conducive to ozone formatio**  **n, so ozone levels are of concern primarily during the months of May through September.**  **Both VOCs and NOx are emitted from highway vehicles. In addition, fine particulates are also**  **emitted directly by motor vehicles as a result of t he**  **combustion process (tailpipe emissions), re-entrain ed and transportation construction dust; and formed**  **through reactions in the atmosphere among the precu rsors VOC, CO, NOx, NH3 and SOx.**  **Pennsylvania’s PM-related emission inventory effort s focus on these pollutants.** Appendix A-1 2



### Obviously, direct measurement of emission levels fr **om all vehicles in use is impossible. In compariso n**  **to highway vehicles, estimating residential heating emissions is a fairly simple calculation because t**  **here is a constant emission rate and a fairly simple mea**  **sure of activity. However, for highway vehicles estimating the emission rate and activity levels of**  **all vehicles on the road during a typical summer d ay is**  **a complicated endeavor.**

**If every vehicle emitted the same amount of polluti on all the time, one could simply multiply those**  **emission standards (emission rate in grams of pollu tion per mile) times the vehicle miles traveled (VM**  **T)**

**to estimate total emissions. But emission rates fr om all vehicles vary over the entire range of condi**  **tions under which they operate. These variables include**  **air temperature, speed, traffic conditions, operati ng**  **mode and fuel characteristics. The inventory must also account for non-exhaust or evaporative emissio**  **ns. In addition, the fleet is composed of several gener**  **ations and types of vehicles with different emissio n**  **control technologies. This requires the estimation algorithm include the composition of the fleet (veh**  **icle ages and types).** 

**In order to estimate both the rate at which emissio ns are being generated and to calculate vehicle mil**  **es traveled (activity level), Pennsylvania examines it**  **s road network and fleet to estimate vehicle activi ty.**  **For ozone-related inventories, this is done for a t ypical summer weekday. For carbon monoxide (CO) an**  **d particulate matter (PM) emission inventories, this**  **may be done for a typical winter weekday, summer weekday and/or annual conditions. Not only must th**  **is be done for a baseline year, but it must also be projected into the future. This process involves a**  **large quantity of data and is extremely complex.**

**Computer models have been developed to perform thes e calculations by simulating the travel of vehicles**  **on the Commonwealth’s roadway system. The models a lso generate emissions rates (also called emission**  **factors) for different vehicle types for area-speci fic conditions, and then combine them in summary fo**  **rm. The area-specific conditions include vehicle and hi**  **ghway data, plus control measure characteristics an d**  **future year projections of all variables. The key models used to generate this mobile source emission**  **s inventory are:** 

MOVES: **EPA’s MOVES model was officially released on Marc h 2, 2010 and was followed with a**  **revised version (MOVES2010a) in August 2010. The M OVES model provides a more robust estimate of**  **emissions as compared to its predecessor MOBILE6.2. MOVES calculates average in-use fleet emissions**  **for each of thirteen categories of vehicles under v arious conditions affecting in-use emission levels**  **(e.g., ambient temperatures, average traffic speeds, gasol**  **ine volatility) as specified by the model user.**

**For this mobile source inventory, Pennsylvania used MOVES2010a as approved by EPA. MOVES can**  **be used to estimate national, state, and county lev el inventories of criteria air pollutants, precurso**  **rs, greenhouse gas emissions, and some mobile source ai**  **r toxics from highway vehicles. Additionally, MOVES can make projections for energy consumption (**  **total, petroleum-based, and fossil-based).**

PPSUITE: **For the Department’s highway emissions inventory, a post processor named PPSUITE**  **(formerly named PPAQ - Post Processor for Air Quali ty) is used, which consists of a set of programs th**  **at perform the following functions:** 

• **Analyzes highway operating conditions.**

• **Calculates highway speeds.**

• **Compiles vehicle miles of travel (VMT) and vehicle type mix data.** 

• **Prepares MOVES runs and processes MOVES outputs.**

**PPSUITE is a widely used and accepted tool for esti mating speeds and processing emissions rates. The**  **software is based upon accepted transportation engi neering methodologies. For example, PPSUITE uses**  **speed and delay estimation procedures based on plan ning methods provided in the**  Highway CapacityAppendix A-1 3



### Manual **, a report prepared by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) summarizing current knowledge**  **and analysis techniques for capacity and level-of-s ervice analyses of the transportation system.** 

**The PPSUITE process is integral to producing key in put files to the MOVES emission model. Exhibit 1**  **summarizes the key functions of PPSUITE and the tra ffic-related input files prepared for the MOVES**  **County Data Manager (CDM).**



### Exhibit 1: Summary of PPSUITE Process

**The following sections summarize the key data and m ethodologies used to produce the mobile source**  **emissions inventory. This includes a summary of lo cal data sources and a step-by-step review of the**  **speed calculation process. The emission data and p rocess has been developed according to**  **recommendations provided by EPA in key policy and t echnical guidance as provided below:** 

• Policy Guidance on the Use of MOVES2010 for SIP Dev elopment, Transportation Conformity, and Other Purposes **, US EPA Office of Air and Radiation, EPA-420-B-09- 046, December 2009.** 

• Technical Guidance on the Use of MOVES2010 for Emis sion Inventory Preparation in State Implementation Plans and Transportation Confo rmity **, US EPA Office of Air and Radiation, and Office of Transportation and Air Qua**  **lity, EPA-420-B-10-023, April**

**2010.**

**The process has focused on developing an emissions inventory using the available tools and data to its** 

**fullest extent. This includes the use of available local data for items that have a significant impac**  **t on emissions and applying a robust calculation process**  **to estimate hourly traffic speeds.**Appendix A-1 4



# WHERE DOES PENNSYLVANIA OBTAIN ITS DATA?

Summary of MOVES Inputs

**A large number of inputs to MOVES are needed to ful ly account for the numerous vehicle and**  **environmental parameters that affect emissions. Th ese include traffic flow characteristics (as determ**  **ined from the PPSUITE software), vehicle descriptions, f**  **uel parameters, inspection/maintenance program parameters, and environmental variables. MOVES incl**  **udes a default national database of meteorology, vehicle fleet, vehicle activity, fuel, and emission**  **control program data for every county; but EPA can not**  **certify that the default data is the most current o r best available information for any specific area.**  **As a result, local data is recommended for use for analy**  **ses supporting state implementation plans (SIPs).**

**A mix of local and default data is used for this in ventory. Local data sources are used for all input**  **s that have a significant impact on calculated emission ra**  **tes. Exhibit 2 summarizes Pennsylvania-specific inputs assembled and used for this inventory. Thes**  **e data items are discussed in the following section s.** 



### Exhibit 2: MOVES Local Data Input Summary

Traffic Vehicl e Fuel Inspection Environmental Data Description s Parameters Ma intenance Variables

**Vehicle Type Vehicle Type RVP**  **Start Year Hourly**

**VMT Mix Model Years Temperatures** 

**Vehicle Vehicle Age Sulfur**  **Test Standards, Population Distribution**  **Level Source Types, Humidity**  **Frequency**

**VMT Average Speeds Ethanol**  **Stringency, Fractions (PPSUITE)**  **Volume Waiver Rate,**  **(PPSUITE) Compliance**

**Road Type Hourly Refueling** 

**Distribution Distributions Controls**  **(PPSUITE)**

**Ramp**

**Fraction (PPSUITE)** 

**Emission Rates**Appendix A-1 5



## Vehicle Miles of Travel (VMT)

**The VMT input to emissions calculations for Pennsyl vania is based on information from the Roadway**  **Management System (RMS) maintained by the Pennsylva nia Department of Transportation’s**  **(PennDOT’s) Bureau of Planning and Research (BPR). PennDOT obtains this information from periodic** 

**visual and electronic traffic counts. RMS data is dynamic, since it is continually reviewed and updat**  **ed**

**from new traffic counts and field visits conducted by PennDOT. Information on roadways included in th**  **e National Highway System is reviewed at least annual**  **ly, while information on other roadways is reviewed at least biennially.** 

**On a triennial basis, a current “snapshot” of the R MS database is taken and downloaded to provide an u** **p to-date record of the Commonwealth’s highway system**  **for estimating emissions. This emissions inventory is based on the most current snapshot of**  **the RMS data.**

**The RMS database contains all state highways, inclu ding the Pennsylvania Turnpike, divided into**  **segments approximately 0.5 miles in length. These segments are usually divided at important**  **intersections or locations where there is a change in the physical characteristics of the roadway (e.g**  **. the number of lanes changes). There are approximately**  **99,000 state highway segments for the 67 Pennsylvania counties contained in the RMS. Each o**  **f these segments contains an abundance of descriptive data, but only the following informatio**  **n is extracted for emission calculations:**

• **Lanes.**

• **Distances.**

• **Volumes representing Average Annual Daily Traffic ( AADT).** 

• **Truck percentages.**

• **PennDOT urban/rural classifications.**

• **PennDOT functional class codes.**

• **Number of signals (based on linkage to PennDOT GIS signal location data).** 

**RMS volumes and distances are used in calculating h ighway VMT totals for each county. As discussed**  **in the next section, adjustments are needed to conv ert the volumes to reflect annual conditions. In**  **addition, the traffic volumes must be forecast to s upport future year emission inventories. Lane valu**  **es and traffic signals are an important input for dete**  **rmining the congestion and speeds for individual highway segments. Truck percentages are used in th**  **e speed determination process and are used to split volumes to individual vehicle types used by the MOV**  **ES software.**

**Road segments are classified by function, as well a s whether it is located in an urban, small urban or**  **rural area, as indicated below in Exhibit 3. The PennDOT**  **urban/rural (UR) and functional classes (FC) are important indicators of the type and function of ea**  **ch roadway segment. The variables provide insights**

**into other characteristics not contained in the RMS data that are used for speed and emission calculat**  **ions.**Appendix A-1 6 

### Exhibit 3: PennDOT Urban/Rural and Functional Class Codes

**Urban/Rural Code 1=Rural**

**2=Small Urban**

**3=Urban**

**Functional Class Rural Functional Classes Used Urb an Functional Classes Used** 

**For Rural Areas For Small Urban and Urban Area s** 

**------------------------------------- ---------- --------------------------------**  **1=Rural Freeway 11=Urban Freeway 2=Rural Other Principal Arterial 12=Urban Expres**  **sway 6=Rural Minor Arterial 14=Urban Principal Arter**  **ial 7=Rural Major Collector 16=Urban Minor Arterial** 

**8=Rural Minor Collector 17=Urban Collector**

**9=Rural Local 19=Urban Local**



### Additional Network Information: **The PPSUITE software system allows for many additio nal variables** 

**other than those available in the RMS database. Us ing these variables improves the ability of the**  **Department to incorporate real roadway conditions i nto its estimates. The variables include informati**  **on regarding free-flow speeds and capacities, signal c**  **haracteristics and other physical roadway features that**  **can affect a roadway’s calculated congested speed. This data can be determined from lookup tables bas**  **ed on a roadway segment’s urban/rural code and functio**  **nal class. Much of the lookup table data was developed from information contained in the**  Highway Capacity Manual **, PennDOT information on speeds and signal densities, and other engineering**  **judgment.**

MOVES Traffic Inputs: **The PPSUITE software uses RMS traffic data to prep are key inputs to the**  **MOVES emission model including:**

• **VMT.**

• **Travel speeds.**

• **Road type distributions.**

• **Ramp fractions.**

**VMT is the primary traffic input that affects emiss ion results. The roadway segment distances and tra**  **ffic volumes are used to prepare estimates of VMT. PPSU**  **ITE performs these calculations and outputs the MOVES annual VMT input file to the County Data Mana**  **ger (CDM).**

**Emissions for many pollutants (including PM and pre cursors) vary significantly with travel speed. For**  **PM, higher emission rates are associated with lower speeds and lower rates are associated with higher**  **speeds, as illustrated in Exhibit 4. To obtain the best estimate of vehicle speeds, the Department us**  **es the PPSUITE set of programs, whose primary function is**  **to calculate speeds and to organize and simplify th e**  **handling of large amounts of data needed for calcul ating speeds and for preparing MOVES input files.**  **The PPSUITE software prepares the MOVES vehicle hou rs of travel (VHT) by speed bin file which**  **summarizes the distribution of speeds across all li nks into each of 16 MOVES speed bins for each hour**  **of the day. This robust process ensures that MOVES em**  **ission rates are used to the fullest extent and is consistent with the methods and recommendations pro**  **vided in EPA’s** Technical Guidance on the Use of MOVES2010 for Emissions Inventory Preparation in St ate Implementation Plans and Transportation Conformity

**.**Appendix A-1 7 

### Exhibit 4: Emission Factor vs. Speed Variances (PM2 .5)

**In MOVES, typical drive cycles and associated opera ting conditions vary by the type of roadway.**  **MOVES defines five different road types as follows:**

**1 Off-Network.**

**2 Rural Restricted Access.**

**3 Rural Unrestricted Access.**

**4 Urban Restricted Access.**

**5 Urban Unrestricted Access.**

**The off-network road type includes emissions from v ehicle starts, extended idle activity, and evaporat**  **ive emissions. Off-network activity in MOVES is primar**  **ily determined by the Source Type Population input, as discussed in a following section. The re**  **maining distribution among road types is determined by**  **equating the PennDOT functional class with each MOV ES road type as follows:** 

• **MOVES Road Type (2) = PennDOT Functional Class (1).**

• **MOVES Road Type (3) = PennDOT Functional Class (2,6 ,7,8,9).** 

• **MOVES Road Type (4) = PennDOT Functional Class (11, 12).** 

• **MOVES Road Type (5) = PennDOT Functional Class (14, 16,17,19).** 

**For this inventory, the MOVES road type distributio n file is automatically generated by PPSUITE using**  **the defined equivalencies.**

**Since ramps are not directly represented within the RMS database information, it is assumed that 8% of**  **the Freeway VHT is Ramp VHT. This is consistent wi th the recommendations provided in EPA’s**  **technical guidance.** Source: Figure 3 from Implications of the MOVES2010 Model on Mobile Source Emission Estimates, Air & Waste Management A ssociation, July 2010.Appendix A-1 8



## Adjustments to Roadway Data

**Before the RMS data can be used by PPSUITE for spee d and emission calculations, several adjustments**  **and additions must be made to the roadway data. Th ese adjustments are summarized below.** 

HPMS Adjustments: **According to EPA guidance, baseline inventory VMT computed from the RMS**  **highway segment volumes must be adjusted to be cons istent with Highway Performance Monitoring**  **System (HPMS) VMT totals. The HPMS VMT reported for Pennsylvania is a subsystem of the RMS**  **established to meet the data reporting requirements of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) and**  **to serve as PennDOT’s official source of highway in formation. Although it has some limitations, the**  **HPMS system is currently in use in all 50 states an d is being improved under FHWA direction.** 

**Although the HPMS VMT and the roadway data used for an inventory emissions analysis are both based**  **on data from the RMS system, differences do exist b etween them and include the following. First, the**  **HPMS and inventory roadway data are “snapshots” of the RMS data taken at different times. Since the**  **RMS is dynamic, changing constantly due to new data , differences will result between the data used for**  **calculating HPMS VMT totals and the inventory data used for an emissions analysis. Second, since the**  **RMS does not contain many of the local roadways, lo cal road estimates of HPMS VMT are obtained**  **through alternative procedures developed by PennDOT . To account for such differences, adjustment**  **factors are calculated and used to adjust the inven tory roadway data to the reported HPMS VMT totals** 

**submitted to FHWA. The VMT contained in the HPMS re ports are considered to represent average**  **annual daily traffic (AADT).**

**Adjustment factors are calculated which adjust the base year RMS download VMT to the reported HPMS**  **totals for that year. These factors are developed for each county and functional class combination an**  **d are also applied to all future year runs. Adjustments**  **for the “higher” functional classes (e.g. Freeway, Arterials - major routes) are close to 1.000 since**  **HPMS VMT is derived from RMS information, and the only difference in the data is that the “snapshot”**  **for the emission calculations is taken at a differe nt time**  **than for the HPMS. “Lower” classes (e.g. local roa ds) require greater adjustment since a large part o**  **f the local system is not under state jurisdiction and is**  **not in the RMS database. There is, of course, a significant amount of local road mileage in the sta**  **te. It is assumed that those local streets that are in RMS**  **are representative of all local streets in their ar ea with respect to volume and speed, so that roadwa**  **y mileage adjustment is appropriate.** 

Seasonal Adjustments to Volumes: **The RMS contains AADT volumes that are an average of all days in**  **the year, including weekends and holidays. PM and CO analyses require volumes representing monthly**  **average conditions (needed for producing annual tot als). Therefore, the RMS volumes must be seasonall**  **y adjusted. Seasonal factors were developed for each**  **functional class and urban/rural code based on yea rly**  **count information prepared by PennDOT’s BPR. These factors are applied to the existing RMS AADT**  **volumes to produce the monthly volumes. The same f actors are also used to develop the MOVES daily**  **and monthly VMT fraction files.**

Hourly Adjustments: **Speeds and emissions vary considerably depending on the time of day.**  **Therefore, it is important to estimate the pattern by which roadway volume varies by hour of the day.**  **The 24-hour pattern data provides PPSUITE with info rmation used to split the daily roadway segment**  **volumes to each of the 24 hours in a day. Pattern data is in the form of a percentage of the daily vo**  **lumes for each hour. Distributions are provided for each**  **county and functional class grouping. This data i s**  **developed from 24-hour count data compiled by PennD OT’s BPR, according to the process in the**  **agencies annual traffic data reports. The same fac tors are also used to develop the MOVES hourly** 

**fraction file.**Appendix A-1 9



### Traffic Volume Forecasts: **Traffic growth forecasting plays a pivotal role i n estimating future year**  **emissions for the region. There are many uncertain ties affecting projections of traffic growth, inclu**  **ding the current economic conditions, potential fuel pri**  **ces, the impacts of Marcellus Shale activities in m any**  **counties throughout the state, and the future growt h in population and employment. Growth rates for t**  **he Department’s emissions inventories are based on an**  **assessment of available data sources which include:**

• **PennDOT BPR growth rate forecasting system.**

• **Regional travel model, if available.**

• **Estimates of Marcellus Shale related activity growt h, if applicable.** 

**All SIP mobile source highway inventories include t he review and assessment of county-specific growth**  **rates from a PennDOT study originally completed in 2005 and documented in the report,**  Statistical Evaluation of Projected Traffic Growth, Traffic Gro wth Forecasting System: Final Report, March 14,

2005 **. As part of that study, a statewide traffic growt h forecasting system was developed that incorporate**  **s traffic data from PennDOT’s Traffic Information Sys**  **tem and socioeconomic forecasts. That forecasting system is maintained by the PennDOT BPR and is upda**  **ted on a periodic basis to develop new statistical relationships between historic VMT growth and popul**  **ation and updated demographic forecasts from Woods and Poole, Inc. The growth rates from the Pe**  **nnDOT BPR forecasting system are evaluated against other available data including travel model**  **growth and other insights.**



## Vehicle Type Processing

**Emission rates within MOVES vary significantly by t he type of vehicle. The MOVES model produces**  **emissions and rates by thirteen MOVES vehicle sourc e types. However, VMT is input to MOVES by six**  **HPMS vehicle groups. Exhibit 5 summarizes the dist inction between each classification scheme.** 



### Exhibit 5: MOVES Source Types and HPMS Vehicle Grou ps

**SOURCE TYPES HPMS Class Groups 11 Motorcycle 10 Motorcycle**  **21 Passenger Car 20 Passenger Car 31 Passenger Truck 30 Passenger/Light Truck**  **32 Light Commercial Truck 40 Buses 41 Intercity Bus 50 Single Unit Trucks** 

**42 Transit Bus 60 Combination Trucks**

**43 School bus**

**51 Refuse Truck 52 Single Unit Short-haul Truck**  **53 Single Unit Long-haul Truck**

**54 Motor Home**

**61 Combination Short-haul Truck 62 Combination Long-haul Truck** 



### The process used for this inventory includes a meth **od to disaggregate the RMS traffic volumes to the thirteen source types and then to recombine the est**  **imates to the six HPMS vehicle classes. Vehicle ty pe**  **pattern data is used by PPSUITE to divide the hourl y roadway segment volumes to the thirteen MOVES**  **source types. Similar to the 24-hour pattern data, this data contains percentage splits to each sourc**  **e type for every hour of the day. The vehicle type patter**  **n data for this inventory is developed from several**

**sources of information:**Appendix A-1 10



### • **PennDOT truck percentages from the RMS database.**

• **Hourly distributions for trucks and total traffic c ompiled by PennDOT’s BPR.** 

• **Transit data from PennDOT and the National Transit Database.** 

• **School bus registration data from PennDOT’s Bureau of Motor Vehicles Registration Database.** 

**The vehicle type pattern data is developed for each county and functional class combination. First, R**  **MS truck percentages are averaged for all roadways wit**  **hin a county and functional class grouping. Using this**  **percentage data, the total roadway volume for any s egment is divided to auto and truck vehicle type**  **categories. The transit data and school bus data i s used to further disaggregate trucks, resulting in**  **four vehicle groups (light-duty, school, transit, and ot**  **her heavy-duty).**

**From these groups, MOVES default Pennsylvania count y VMT distributions by source type are used to**  **divide the four groups into each of the MOVES sourc e types. PennDOT hourly distributions for trucks**  **and total traffic are used to create source type pe rcentage breakdowns for each hour of the day.** 

Vehicle Type Capacity Analysis Factors **: Vehicle type percentages are provided to the cap acity**  **analysis section of PPSUITE to adjust the speeds in response to trucks. That is, a given number of la**  **rger trucks take up more roadway space than a given numb**  **er of cars, and this is accounted for in the speed estimation process by adjusting capacity using info**  **rmation from the** Highway Capacity Manual

**.**



## Vehicle Fleet and Population Data

**The information on the vehicle fleet including the number and age of vehicles has a significant impact**  **on forecasted start and evaporative emissions within M**  **OVES. The MOVES Model requires the population of vehicles by the thirteen source type categories.**  **Pennsylvania county vehicle registration data is used to**  **estimate vehicle population for light-duty vehicles and school buses. The data is split to source typ**  **es using MOVES2010a default Pennsylvania county popula**  **tion data. For transit buses, data from PennDOT and the National Transit Database (NTD) is used to**  **estimate county transit bus totals. Other heavy-du ty**  **vehicle population values are based on VMT for each source type using the vehicle mix and pattern data**  **discussed previously. The PPSUITE software automat ically applies default MOVES2010a ratios of VMT**  **and source type population (e.g. the number of mile s per vehicle by source type) to the local VMT**  **estimates to produce vehicle population.**

**Vehicle population is forecast based on projected h ousehold and population growth from Woods and**  **Poole Inc. for each Pennsylvania county. The growt h rate methodology includes:** 

• **Choosing the highest growth rate between population and households.** 

• **Limiting growth as to not exceed the VMT growth ass umptions.** 

Vehicle Age: **Vehicle age distributions are input to MOVES for e ach county by the thirteen source types.**  **The distributions reflect the percentage of vehicle s in the fleet up to 31 years old. The most recent**  **available registration download from PennDOT’s Bure au of Motor Vehicles Registration Database has**  **been used for the inventory. Due to insufficient d ata, only information for light-duty vehicles are u**  **sed as local inputs; and, heavy-duty vehicles use the inte**  **rnal MOVES2010a national defaults. The registratio n**  **data download is based on MOBILE6.2 vehicle categor ies. As a result, the data was converted to source**  **types using the EPA convertor spreadsheets provided with the MOVES2010a emission model.** Appendix A-1 11



## Environmental, Fuel and Technology Assumptions

**Information on environmental, fuel, vehicle technol ogy and other control strategy assumptions were** 

**determined based on a review of MOVES2010a default information by the PaDEP.** 

Fuel Parameters: **The same vehicle will produce different emissions using a different type of gasoline.**  **Fuel control strategies can be powerful emission re duction mechanisms. The MOVES2010a default fuel**  **formulation and fuel supply data were reviewed and updated based on available local volumetric fuel**  **property information. The gasohol market penetrati on and RVP values were updated for all the counties** 

**. MOVES2010a default data was used for the rest of th**  **e parameters.**

Refueling Emissions **: MOVES also allows users to calculate refueling em issions, the emissions created** 

**when vehicles are refueled at service stations. Pe nnsylvania includes refueling emissions in its area**  **source inventory and not in its highway vehicle inv entory. Refueling emissions are not included in th**  **e highway emissions inventory.** 

Vehicle Emission Inspection/Maintenance (I/M) Param eters: **MOVES allows users to vary inputs depending on the I/M program in place for the area.**  **The inputs include:**

• **Program start year.**

• **Stringency level.**

• **First and last model years subject to the program.**

• **Waiver rates.**

• **Compliance rates.**

• **Program type (test-only, test-and-repair, etc.) and effectiveness.** 

• **Frequency of inspection (annual, biennial).**

• **Vehicle type coverage.**

• **Test type (idle, loaded, etc.).**

**The MOVES2010a default Pennsylvania assumptions wer e reviewed and modifications were made per**  **actual program parameters.**

Environmental Variables: **Evaporative emissions are influenced significantly by the temperatures of the**  **surrounding air. Hourly temperatures have been com piled for each county based on information from**  **WeatherBank, Inc. to specify temperatures from nine airports within the state. Ozone analysis**  **temperature and humidity values were determined usi ng the procedures documented in EPA’s technical**  **guidance. Minimum and maximum temperatures for eac h month were converted to hourly temperatures**  **using EPA convertors supplied with the MOVES2010a m odel.** 

**A summary of the MOVES related inputs used for the inventory and future year estimates are attached** 

**with the submission.**Appendix A-1 12



# SPEED/EMISSION ESTIMATION PROCEDURE

**The previous sections have summarized the input dat a used for computing speeds and emissions for**  **Pennsylvania. This section explains how PPSUITE an d MOVES uses that input data to produce emission**  **estimates. Exhibit 6 summarizes PPSUITE’s analysis procedure used for each of the RMS highway**  **segments in the state.**

**Producing an emissions inventory with PPSUITE requi res a process of disaggregation and aggregation.**  **Data is available and used on a very small scale -- individual 1⁄2 mile roadway segments 24 hours of the**  **day. This data needs to be processed individually to determine the distribution of vehicle hours of t**  **ravel (VHT) by speed and then aggregated by vehicle class**  **to determine input VMT to the MOVES emission**

**model.**



## Volume/VMT Development

**Before speeds can be calculated and MOVES run, volu mes acquired from RMS must be adjusted and**  **disaggregated. Such adjustments include factoring to future years, seasonal adjustments, and**  **disaggregating daily volumes to each hour of the da y and to each of the thirteen MOVES source types.** 

Determine Future Year Volumes **: The RMS database contains up-to-date current year volumes.**  **However, to conduct a future year analysis, these v olumes must be factored to the year being analyzed.**  **Growth factors have been prepared for each county a nd functional class grouping. These growth factors**  **are applied to the base year RMS volumes to obtain future year estimates that can be utilized by** 

**PPSUITE.**

Example:

**A typical freeway link in the RMS database is I-80 segment 2500 in Luzerne County,**  **Pennsylvania. This link has an urban/rural code=1 which indicates the link is in a rural area, and a**  **functional class=1 indicating a rural freeway.**

**The average annual daily traffic (AADT) from the RM S database for this link in 2008 is 12,077**  **vehicles/day.**

**Growth factors have been developed to factor the 20 08 volume to future years. For example, to**  **factor the 2008 volume to the year 2014, a growth f actor of 1.282 would yield:** 

**2014 volume = 12,077 vehicles/day x 1.282 = 15,48 3 vehicles/day** Appendix A-1 13 

### Exhibit 6: PPSUITE Speed / Emission Estimation Proc edure

Data From PPSUITE Input Files PPSUITE Ana lysis Process Data from Roadway Sourc e (RMS)

The Following is Performed For Each RMS Roadway Segment

**Percent Pattern Distributions Expand to 24 ho urly volumes RMS AWDT Adjusted Vol**  **umes**

**Apply VMT Adjustments Adjust Volumes for Peak Spre ading**  **(V/C thresholds for spreading)**

**Vehicle Type Patterns Disaggregate to Vehicle Type RMS Truck Percentages** 

**Transit Data**

**School Bus Data**

**Calculate Link & Signal Capacities Roadway Att ributes**  **(Lanes, FC code, UR code) Speed/Capacity Lookup Table** 

**Calculate Link Calculate Midblock Speed Approach Delay** 

**Apply Post Speed VMT Adjustments**

**Prepare MOVES CDM Files**

**VHT by Annual RoadType SourceType Hourly**  **Ramp Speed Bin VMT Fractio**  **ns Population Fractions Fractio ns** 
**Per VMT**
<Optional>

Off-line File Preparation

**Vehicle Age Distribution Run MOVES Import**  **er to convert county input data**  **Hourly into MYSQL data for mat**  **Temps/Humidity**

**I/M**

**Parameters**

**Fuel Run MOVES**

**Parameters**Appendix A-1 14



### Seasonal Adjustments **: PPSUITE takes the input daily volumes from RMS (w hich represents annual**  **average daily traffic (AADT)) and seasonally adjust s the volumes to an average weekday in July. This**  **adjustment utilizes factors developed for each func tional class and urban/rural code. VMT can then be**  **calculated for each link using the adjusted weekday volumes.** 

Example:

**Again, assume the rural freeway link: I-80 segment 2500 in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania. The**  **AADT for this link in 2008 is 12,077 vehicles/day.**

**Seasonal factors have been developed for urban/rura l code and functional class combinations. For**  **an urban/rural code=1 and a functional class=1, the factor to convert from AADT to an average**  **weekday in July is = 1.15.**

**Average Weekday July Volume = 12,077 x 1.15 = 13,88 9 vehicles/day.** 

**Total VMT (daily) for this link is calculated as vo lume x distance. The distance of this link as** 

**obtained from RMS is 0.296 miles.**

**2008 VMT = 13,889 vehicles/day x 0.296 miles = 4,11 1 vehicle-miles / day.** 



### Disaggregation to 24 Hours **: After seasonally adjusting the link volume, the v olume is split to each hour**  **of the day. This allows for more accurate speed ca lculations (effects of congested hours) and allows**  **PPSUITE to prepare the hourly VMT and speeds for in put to the MOVES model.** 

Example:

**To support speed calculations and emission estimate s by time of day, the July weekday volume is**  **disaggregated to 24 hourly volumes. Temporal patte rns were previously developed from**  **PennDOT count data and input to PPSUITE. For the I -80 rural freeway link with morning peak**  **volumes similar to evening peak hours (neutral), th e following temporal pattern is applied:** 

**0 1**  **2 3**  **4 5**  **6 7**  **8 9**  **10 1** **3 5** **7 9** **11 13** **15 17** **19 21** **23**

Hour of DayPercent of Daily

**Using the I-80 segment, typical hourly volumes whic h result include:**  **8-9 a.m. 6.0% x (4,111 vehicle miles/ 0.296mi.) = 833 vehicles/hour (vph)**  **12-1 p.m. 5.0% x (4,111 vehicle .miles/ 0.296mi. ) = 694 vph**  **5-6 p.m. 6.3% x (4,111 vehicle miles/ 0.296mi.) = 875 vph** Appendix A-1 15



### After dividing the daily volumes to each hour of th **e day, PPSUITE identifies hours that are unreasonab ly**  **congested. For those hours, PPSUITE then spreads a portion of the volume to other hours within the**  **same peak period, thereby approximating the “peak s preading” that normally occurs in such over-capacit**  **y conditions.** 

Disaggregation to Vehicle Type **: EPA requires VMT estimates to be prepared by sou rce type, reflecting**  **specific local characteristics. As a result, for P ennsylvania’s emission inventory runs, the hourly v**  **olumes are disaggregated to the thirteen MOVES source type**  **s based on count data assembled by PennDOT in**

**combination with MOVES defaults.**

Example:

**Disaggregation of the total I-80 VMT to the various source types would include the following:** 

**Total Volume 8-9 am = 833 vph**

**Source Type Volume 8-9 am: Motorcycle 11 0.5% 4 vph**  **Passenger Car 21 54.7% 456 vph Passenger Truck 31 27.9% 232 vph**  **Light Commercial Truck 32 9.3% 78 vph Intercity Bus 41 0.1% 1 vph**  **Transit Bus 42 0.1% 1 vph School bus 43 0.1% 1 vph**  **Refuse Truck 51 0.0% 0 vph Single Unit Short-haul Truck 52 2.2% 19 vph**  **Single Unit Long-haul Truck 53 0.3% 2 vph Motor Home 54 0.1% 1 vph**  **Combination Short-haul Truck 61 1.9% 16 vph Combination Long-haul Truck 62 2.6% 22 vph** 



## Speed/Delay Determination

**EPA recognizes that the estimation of vehicle speed s is a difficult and complex process. Because**  **emissions are so sensitive to speeds, it recommends special attention be given to developing reasonabl**  **e and consistent speed estimates; it also recommends**  **that VMT be disaggregated into subsets that have roughly equal speed, with separate emission factors**  **for each subset. At a minimum, speeds should be estimated separately by road type.** 

**The computational framework used for this analysis meets and exceeds that recommendation. Speeds are**  **individually calculated for each roadway segment an d hour and include the delays encountered at signal**  **s. Rather than accumulating the roadway segments into**  **a particular road type and calculating an average speed, each individual link hourly speed is represe**  **nted in the MOVES vehicle hours of travel (VHT) by speed bin file. This MOVES input file allows the s**  **pecification of a distribution of hourly speeds.**

**For example, if 5% of a county’s arterial VHT opera tes at 5 mph during the AM peak hour and the**  **remaining 95% operates at 65 mph, this can be repre sented in the MOVES speed input file. For the**  **model runs, distributions of speeds are input to MO VES by road type and source type by each hour of th**  **e day; VMT and VHT is accumulated by the same groupin**  **gs for the application of the emission factors to produce resulting emission totals.** Appendix A-1 16



### To calculate speeds, PPSUITE first obtains initial **capacities (how much volume the roadway can serve before heavy congestion) and free-flow speeds (spee**  **ds assuming no congestion) from the speed/capacity lookup data. As described in previous sections, th**  **is data contains default roadway information indexe d**  **by the urban/rural code and functional class. For areas with known characteristics, values can be dir**  **ectly coded to the RMS database and the speed/capacity da**  **ta can be overridden. However, for most areas where known information is not available, the speed**  **/capacity lookups provide valuable default information regarding speeds, capacities, signal ch**  **aracteristics, and other capacity adjustment inform ation**  **used for calculating congested delays and speeds. An effort has been made to enhance the RMS data wit**  **h traffic signal locations using other GIS signal dat**  **a available from PennDOT’s Bureau of Highway Safety and Traffic Engineering.** 

Example:

**The speed/capacity lookup table is used to obtain i mportant data used for link speed calculations.**  **For the I-80 link with an urban/rural code = 1 (rur al) and a functional class = 1 (freeway), the**  **lookup table provides information including the fol lowing:** 

**freeflow speed = 65 mph capacity = 1800 vph per lane**  **number of signals = 0 (per RMS linkage to GIS traf fic signal locations)** 

**This information is used along with the physical ch aracteristics of the roadway to calculate the**  **delay (including congestion) to travel this link du ring each hour of the day:** 

**For example: The I-80 link is calculated to have a travel time, including delay of 17.76 seconds** 

**for the 8-9am hour.**

**Total travel time, in vehicle hours, for the 8-9am hour is calculated as:** 

**VHT (8-9am) = 17.76 seconds x 833vph / 3600 sec/h r = 4.12 vehicle hours.** 



### The result of this process is an estimated average **travel time for each hour of the day for each highw ay**  **segment. The average time can be multiplied by the volume to produce vehicle hours of travel (VHT).** 



## HPMS and VMT Adjustments

**Volumes must also be adjusted to account for differ ences with the HPMS VMT totals, as described**  **previously. VMT adjustment factors are provided as input to PPSUITE, and are applied to each of the**  **roadway segment volumes. These factors were develo ped from the latest HPMS download (conducted**  **triennially); however, they are also applied to any future year runs. The VMT added or subtracted to**  **the RMS database assumes the speeds calculated using th**  **e original volumes for each roadway segment for each hour of the day.** Appendix A-1 17 Example:

**Using the Luzerne County I-80 rural freeway link ex ample, the daily assigned volume is adjusted** 

**to account for reconciliation with the HPMS VMT. R MS VMT (in AADT) for Luzerne County**  **rural freeways totals 962,559 vehicle miles in 2008 . HPMS VMT (in AADT) as supplied by**  **PennDOT and reported to FHWA totals to 990,088 vehi cle miles for the rural freeways. A factor**  **is developed by dividing the HPMS VMT by the RMS VM T:** 

**HPMS adjustment factor for Luzerne County rural fre eways = 990,088 / 962,559 = 1.029.** 

**This factor is held constant in all future years. As an example, this adjustment is made to the**  **I-80 freeway link VMT for the 8-9am hour after spee d calculations are made, and produces the**  **final July weekday VMT for this hour used for Ozone runs.** 

**I-80 Link VMT (8-9am) = 833vph x 0.296 miles x 1 .029 = 254 vehicle miles.** 



## MOVES Emissions Run

**After computing speeds and aggregating VMT and VHT, PPSUITE prepares traffic-related inputs needed**  **to run EPA’s MOVES software, which is used to estim ate emission factors in grams of pollutant per**  **vehicle mile and to produce total emissions based o n input VMT to the model. The process uses**  **MOVES2010a, the officially released emissions model that was obtained directly from EPA.** 

**The MOVES inputs prepared by PPSUITE include the fo llowing:** 

• **Vehicle Type VMT.**

• **Vehicle Population.**

• **VMT fractions.**

• **Average speed distributions.**

• **Road Type Distribution.**

• **Ramp Fractions.**

**These files are text formatted files with a *.csv e** **xtension. The files are provided as inputs within the**  **MOVES county data importer. In addition the remai ning MOVES input data including temperatures,**  **I/M programs, fuel and vehicle ages are prepared ma nually outside of the PPSUITE process.** 

**The MOVES county importer is run in batch mode. Th is program converts all data files into the MYSQL**  **formats used by the MOVES model. At that point a M** **OVES run specification file (*.mrs) is created** **which specifies options and key data locations for the run. MOVES is then executed in batch mode.** 

**MOVES can be executed using either the** inventory **or** rate-based **approaches. For this highway emissions inventory, MOVES is applied using the**  inventory-based **approach. Under this method, actual VMT and population are provided as inputs to the mo**  **del; MOVES is responsible for producing the total emissions for the region. Under the rate-based app**  **roach, MOVES would produce emission factors, after which PPSUITE would apply the emission factors to t**  **he link data and calculate total regional emissions**

**.**Appendix A-1 18



# RESOURCES

MOVES model

**Modeling Page within EPA’s Office of Mobile Sources Website**  **(http://www.epa.gov/omswww/models.htm) contains a d ownloadable model, MOVES users guide and** 

**other information.**

Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator, User Guide for MO VES2010a, **EPA-420-B-10-036, August 2010.**

Technical Guidance on the Use of MOVES2010 for Emis sion Inventory Preparation in State Implementation Plans and Transportation Conformity **, US EPA Office of Air and Radiation, and Office of Transportation and Air Quality, EPA-420-B-10-023**  **, April 2010.**

Policy Guidance on the Use of MOVES2010 for SIP Dev elopment, Transportation Conformity

**,** and Other Purposes **, US EPA Office of Air and Radiation, EPA-420-B-09- 046, December 2009.** 

Traffic Engineering

Highway Capacity Manual, **Transportation Research Board, presents current know ledge and techniques**  **for analyzing the transportation system.**

Traffic Data Collection and Factor Development Repo rt, 2008 Data, **Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, Bureau of Planning and Research.** Appendix A-1 19



# Highway Vehicle Inventory Glossary

AADT: **Average Annual Daily Traffic, average of ALL days**

**.**

AWDT: **Average Weekday Daily Traffic.**

Basic emission rates: **MOBILE emission rates based on the applicable Fed eral emission standards and**  **the emission control technologies characterizing th e fleet in various model years.** 

Emission rate or factor: **Expresses the amount of pollution emitted per uni t of activity. For highway**  **vehicles, usually in grams of pollutant emitted per mile driven.** 

FC: **Functional code, applied in data management to roa d segments to identify their type (freeway, local,**  **etc.).**

Fuel volatility: The **ability of fuel components to evaporate, thus ente ring the atmosphere as pollution.**  **Fuel volatility is usually measured as Reid Vapor P ressure (RVP) in pounds per square inch. The lower**  **the RVP, the less volatile the fuel.**

Growth factor: **Factor used to convert volumes to future years.**

HPMS: **Highway Performance Monitoring System, PENNDOT’s official source of highway information** 

**and a subset of RMS.**

I/M: **Vehicle emissions inspection/maintenance programs ensure that vehicle emission controls are in**  **good working order throughout the life of the vehic le. The programs require vehicles to be tested for**  **emissions. Most vehicles that do not pass must be repaired.** 

MOBILE: **The model EPA has developed and which Pennsylvania uses to estimate emissions from**  **highway vehicles.**

MOVES: **The latest model EPA has developed with which Penns ylvania uses to estimate emissions from**  **highway vehicles.**

Pattern data: **Extrapolations of traffic patterns (such as how tra ffic volume on road segment types varies**  **by time of day, or what kinds of vehicles tend to u se a road segment type) from segments with observed**  **data to similar segments.**

PPSUITE: **Post-Processor for Air Quality, a set of programs that estimate speeds and processes MOBILE** 

**emission rates.**

RMS: **Roadway Management System, a database maintained by PENNDOT from traffic counts and field** 

**visits.**

Segment (also referred to as link): **Division of roadway in the PENNDOT Roadway Manageme nt**  **System. Usually represents 0.5 mile segments of ro adway.** 

UR: **Urban/rural code, applied in data management to id entify whether a road segment is urban, small** 

**urban or rural.**Appendix A-1 20



### VHT: **Vehicle hours traveled**

.

VMT: **Vehicle miles traveled. In modeling terms, it i s the simulated traffic volumes times link length.** 

Vehicle Type **: One of eight types, distinguished primarily by f uel type and/or weight, used in MOBILE**  **modeling.**

Source Type **: One of thirteen types, distinguished primarily b y weight, used in MOVES modeling.** 

Road Type: **Functional code, applied in data management to roa d segments to identify their type**  **(rural/urban highways, rural/urban arterials, etc.)**

County Data Manager: **User interface developed to simplify importing spec ific local data for a single**  **county or a user-defined custom domain without requ iring direct interaction with the underlying MySQL** 

**database.**

# APPENDIX A-2

Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Area Emission Summary Tabl es

Appendix A-2-1

2011 Annual Emissions

Emission Summary Emission Summary by Road Type Emission Summary by Source Type Emission Summary by ProcessAppendix A-2-12011 Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Area Emission SummaryAnnual (Tons/Year)CountyVMTSpeed (mph)PM2.5PM10VOCCONOXSO2NH3**Allegheny 6,810,345,258 35.7 447.57 601.90 7,368.79 93,18 3.47 13,236.15 65.07 261.01** **Armstrong 48,417,188 40.2 3.78 4.63 43.96 551.49 115.56 0.4 4 1.83** **Beaver 1,127,395,807 38.9 73.01 97.18 1,217.09 15,258.48 2 ,192.92 10.60 42.85** **Butler 1,529,265,480 45.7 104.45 131.17 1,780.19 21,949.6 4 3,396.70 14.16 58.67** **Greene 22,477,798 42.1 1.51 1.87 25.01 287.87 51.99 0.20 0.9 6** **Lawrence 103,631,312 55.6 9.65 11.24 45.50 787.64 291.57 0. 95 4.40** **Washington 1,577,636,043 45.4 111.97 140.56 1,557.89 20,0 90.58 3,421.14 14.74 60.65** **Westmoreland 2,771,707,702 43.2 209.76 264.34 2,716.13 34 ,739.37 6,267.00 26.16 105.15** SPC MPO 13,990,876,587 - 961.71 1,252.88 14,754.57 186,848.53 28,973.05 132.31 535.53Appendix A-22Appendix A-2-12011 Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Area Emission Summaryby Road TypeAnnual (Tons/Year)County Road Type VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX SO2 NH3**Allegheny Off-Network 0 77.30 83.45 5,643.87 59,838.54 3,7 19.81 4.66 0.00** **Rural Restricted Access 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0** **Rural Unrestricted Access 74,823,446 3.51 4.55 15.53 311 .41 104.25 0.61 2.88** **Urban Restricted Access 2,083,794,126 126.51 151.70 434 .89 10,966.74 3,445.28 17.57 82.47** **Urban Unrestricted Access 4,651,727,686 240.25 362.20 1 ,274.51 22,066.78 5,966.81 42.22 175.66** Total 6,810,345,258 447.57 601.90 7,368.79 93,183.47 13,236.15 65.07 261.01County Road Type VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX SO2 NH3**Armstrong Off-Network 0 0.43 0.46 32.16 322.92 23.85 0.02 0. 00** **Rural Restricted Access 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0** **Rural Unrestricted Access 48,417,188 3.35 4.17 11.80 228 .57 91.71 0.41 1.83** **Urban Restricted Access 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 0** **Urban Unrestricted Access 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 .00** Total 48,417,188 3.78 4.63 43.96 551.49 115.56 0.44 1.83County Road Type VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX SO2 NH3**Beaver Off-Network 0 12.96 13.99 943.63 10,002.80 626.92 0. 78 0.00** **Rural Restricted Access 38,654,047 3.85 4.35 8.72 198.98 106.07 0.36 1.51** **Rural Unrestricted Access 219,477,422 11.91 16.14 51.62 954.44 314.83 1.89 8.33** **Urban Restricted Access 187,714,184 8.48 10.36 36.09 978 .76 247.30 1.52 7.54** **Urban Unrestricted Access 681,550,153 35.82 52.34 177.0 3 3,123.50 897.81 6.04 25.47** Total 1,127,395,807 73.01 97.18 1,217.09 15,258.48 2,192.92 10.60 42.85County Road Type VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX SO2 NH3**Butler Off-Network 0 17.61 19.00 1,410.07 14,071.26 910.76 1.05 0.00** **Rural Restricted Access 193,304,800 15.77 18.00 44.33 1, 135.66 455.54 1.74 7.71** **Rural Unrestricted Access 616,472,640 32.08 42.04 145.6 2 2,957.77 937.27 5.18 23.57** **Urban Restricted Access 207,507,657 14.69 17.25 47.63 1, 222.52 413.55 1.79 8.13** **Urban Unrestricted Access 511,980,382 24.30 34.87 132.5 3 2,562.42 679.59 4.40 19.26** Total 1,529,265,480 104.45 131.17 1,780.19 21,949.64 3,396.70 14.16 58.67Appendix A-23County Road Type VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX SO2 NH3**Greene Off-Network 0 0.25 0.27 19.01 171.97 12.76 0.01 0.00 Rural Restricted Access 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0** **0 Rural Unrestricted Access 22,477,798 1.27 1.60 6.01 115.** **90 39.24 0.19 0.96 Urban Restricted Access 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.0** **0 Urban Unrestricted Access 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0** **.00**Total 22,477,798 1.51 1.87 25.01 287.87 51.99 0.20 0.96County Road Type VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX SO2 NH3**Lawrence Off-Network 0 0.36 0.38 16.96 171.16 26.69 0.01 0.0 0** **Rural Restricted Access 66,126,542 6.80 7.69 17.86 412.0 6 193.78 0.62 2.83** **Rural Unrestricted Access 17,167,089 1.22 1.54 4.91 91.1 8 34.80 0.15 0.72** **Urban Restricted Access 4,558,661 0.34 0.41 1.24 30.09 9. 35 0.04 0.20** **Urban Unrestricted Access 15,779,021 0.93 1.23 4.54 83.1 5 26.95 0.13 0.66** Total 103,631,312 9.65 11.24 45.50 787.64 291.57 0.95 4.40County Road Type VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX SO2 NH3**Washington Off-Network 0 16.77 18.07 1,194.66 12,713.70 83 5.05 0.99 0.00** **Rural Restricted Access 279,636,394 24.94 28.32 60.98 1, 442.91 696.00 2.56 11.06** **Rural Unrestricted Access 469,215,033 24.91 33.36 106.8 7 2,012.86 675.86 3.99 17.82** **Urban Restricted Access 284,773,304 19.26 22.75 60.10 1, 478.22 527.00 2.44 11.18** **Urban Unrestricted Access 544,011,312 26.09 38.05 135.2 8 2,442.89 687.24 4.75 20.59** Total 1,577,636,043 111.97 140.56 1,557.89 20,090.58 3,421.14 14.74 60.65County Road Type VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX SO2 NH3**Westmoreland Off-Network 0 29.23 31.48 2,052.17 21,872.25 1,482.88 1.71 0.00** **Rural Restricted Access 166,526,019 20.88 23.39 40.71 84 7.32 563.06 1.65 6.31** **Rural Unrestricted Access 621,181,479 32.19 42.44 137.0 1 2,624.62 897.86 5.22 23.68** **Urban Restricted Access 663,005,258 60.94 70.56 152.99 3 ,427.36 1,604.57 5.99 25.42** **Urban Unrestricted Access 1,320,994,945 66.51 96.47 333 .25 5,967.81 1,718.63 11.59 49.74** Total 2,771,707,702 209.76 264.34 2,716.13 34,739.37 6,267.00 26.16 105.15Appendix A-24Appendix A-2-12011 Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Area Emission Summaryby Source TypeAnnual (Tons/Year)VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX SO2 NH3Miles Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct.**Allegheny Motorcycle 35,406,642 0.5% 1.92 0.4% 2.20 0.4% 20 4.80 2.8% 905.30 1.0% 31.49 0.2% 0.29 0.4% 1.43 0.5%** **Passenger Car 3,762,637,514 55.2% 81.05 18.1% 140.14 23.3 % 2,218.08 30.1% 29,615.02 31.8% 2,351.33 17.8% 29.82 45.8%** **129.81 49.7% Passenger Truck 1,915,265,496 28.1% 102.00 22.8% 148.37 2** **4.7% 3,409.09 46.3% 43,662.32 46.9% 4,363.84 33.0% 21.29 32 .7% 89.25 34.2%** **Light Commercial Truck 643,352,793 9.4% 50.86 11.4% 67.1 0 11.1% 1,138.70 15.5% 14,923.64 16.0% 1,713.87 12.9% 6.75 1** **0.4% 27.58 10.6% Intercity Bus 8,270,567 0.1% 7.41 1.7% 8.23 1.4% 5.29 0.1% 3** **4.69 0.0% 134.64 1.0% 0.12 0.2% 0.21 0.1% Transit Bus 17,187,404 0.3% 10.57 2.4% 11.52 1.9% 12.22 0.2** **% 149.56 0.2% 212.30 1.6% 0.18 0.3% 0.34 0.1% School Bus 7,583,737 0.1% 3.41 0.8% 3.97 0.7% 8.09 0.1% 100.** **54 0.1% 61.61 0.5% 0.07 0.1% 0.17 0.1% Refuse Truck 3,615,715 0.1% 1.74 0.4% 2.02 0.3% 1.88 0.0% 17** **.52 0.0% 34.79 0.3% 0.05 0.1% 0.10 0.0% Single Unit Short-haul Truck 128,187,737 1.9% 27.55 6.2** **% 34.51 5.7% 122.04 1.7% 2,261.29 2.4% 658.02 5.0% 1.58 2.4% 3 .92 1.5%** **Single Unit Long-haul Truck 17,107,130 0.3% 3.39 0.8% 4. 30 0.7% 13.12 0.2% 226.84 0.2% 79.73 0.6% 0.20 0.3% 0.52 0.2%** **Motor Home 7,598,576 0.1% 1.29 0.3% 1.64 0.3% 14.49 0.2% 295 .78 0.3% 45.95 0.3% 0.13 0.2% 0.27 0.1%** **Combination Short-haul Truck 112,630,401 1.7% 61.05 13. 6% 69.71 11.6% 54.27 0.7% 328.86 0.4% 1,242.38 9.4% 1.84 2.8%** **3.13 1.2% Combination Long-haul Truck 151,501,547 2.2% 95.32 21.3** **% 108.17 18.0% 166.73 2.3% 662.12 0.7% 2,306.19 17.4% 2.75 4. 2% 4.28 1.6%** Total 6,810,345,258 100.0% 447.57 100.0% 601.90 100.0% 7,368.79 100.0% 93,183.47 100.0% 13,236.15 100.0% 65.07 100.0% 261.01 100.0%VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX SO2 NH3Miles Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct.**Armstrong Motorcycle 233,721 0.5% 0.01 0.3% 0.01 0.3% 1.05 2 .4% 5.99 1.1% 0.24 0.2% 0.00 0.4% 0.01 0.6%** **Passenger Car 24,837,380 51.3% 0.40 10.7% 0.66 14.2% 12.38 28.2% 163.66 29.7% 15.31 13.2% 0.18 40.6% 0.84 46.1%** **Passenger Truck 12,643,402 26.1% 0.51 13.5% 0.70 15.1% 19. 16 43.6% 246.33 44.7% 27.81 24.1% 0.13 29.3% 0.60 33.0%** **Light Commercial Truck 4,246,211 8.8% 0.27 7.2% 0.34 7.3% 6.27 14.3% 82.71 15.0% 10.52 9.1% 0.04 9.3% 0.19 10.2%** **Intercity Bus 171,323 0.4% 0.13 3.5% 0.14 3.1% 0.10 0.2% 0.6 5 0.1% 2.57 2.2% 0.00 0.5% 0.00 0.2%** **Transit Bus 0 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.0 0 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **School Bus 407,635 0.8% 0.16 4.2% 0.18 4.0% 0.35 0.8% 4.05 0. 7% 2.94 2.5% 0.00 0.7% 0.01 0.5%** **Refuse Truck 44,060 0.1% 0.02 0.5% 0.02 0.4% 0.02 0.0% 0.19 0 .0% 0.38 0.3% 0.00 0.1% 0.00 0.1%** **Single Unit Short-haul Truck 1,794,937 3.7% 0.33 8.8% 0. 40 8.7% 1.52 3.5% 28.92 5.2% 8.05 7.0% 0.02 4.3% 0.06 3.0%** **Single Unit Long-haul Truck 243,176 0.5% 0.04 1.1% 0.05 1 .1% 0.16 0.4% 2.92 0.5% 0.98 0.8% 0.00 0.5% 0.01 0.4%** **Motor Home 104,679 0.2% 0.02 0.4% 0.02 0.4% 0.17 0.4% 3.47 0. 6% 0.57 0.5% 0.00 0.3% 0.00 0.2%** **Combination Short-haul Truck 1,568,130 3.2% 0.74 19.5% 0 .83 17.8% 0.70 1.6% 4.23 0.8% 16.38 14.2% 0.02 5.5% 0.04 2.4%** **Combination Long-haul Truck 2,122,534 4.4% 1.15 30.4% 1. 28 27.6% 2.07 4.7% 8.36 1.5% 29.82 25.8% 0.04 8.2% 0.06 3.3%** Total 48,417,188 100.0% 3.78 100.0% 4.63 100.0% 43.96 100.0% 551.49 100.0% 115.56 100.0% 0.44 100.0% 1.83 100.0%VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX SO2 NH3Miles Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct.**Beaver Motorcycle 5,849,475 0.5% 0.30 0.4% 0.34 0.4% 33.69 2 .8% 150.62 1.0% 5.35 0.2% 0.05 0.4% 0.24 0.6%** **Passenger Car 621,619,530 55.1% 12.74 17.4% 21.78 22.4% 36 6.43 30.1% 4,822.03 31.6% 384.97 17.6% 4.82 45.5% 21.20 49.5** **% Passenger Truck 316,419,860 28.1% 16.09 22.0% 23.14 23.8%** **561.56 46.1% 7,146.91 46.8% 718.07 32.7% 3.45 32.5% 14.67 34 .2%** **Light Commercial Truck 106,285,797 9.4% 8.10 11.1% 10.58 10.9% 187.32 15.4% 2,450.47 16.1% 280.54 12.8% 1.10 10.3% 4.** **54 10.6% Intercity Bus 1,005,416 0.1% 0.90 1.2% 1.00 1.0% 0.65 0.1% 4** **.30 0.0% 16.23 0.7% 0.01 0.1% 0.03 0.1% Transit Bus 374,989 0.0% 0.23 0.3% 0.25 0.3% 0.26 0.0% 3.24 0** **.0% 4.41 0.2% 0.00 0.0% 0.01 0.0% School Bus 1,156,085 0.1% 0.50 0.7% 0.58 0.6% 1.37 0.1% 18.7** **6 0.1% 9.28 0.4% 0.01 0.1% 0.02 0.1% Refuse Truck 639,548 0.1% 0.31 0.4% 0.36 0.4% 0.33 0.0% 3.10** **0.0% 6.12 0.3% 0.01 0.1% 0.02 0.0% Single Unit Short-haul Truck 22,764,573 2.0% 4.77 6.5% 6** **.00 6.2% 21.48 1.8% 393.15 2.6% 114.31 5.2% 0.27 2.6% 0.68 1.6 %** **Single Unit Long-haul Truck 3,035,778 0.3% 0.58 0.8% 0.7 5 0.8% 2.30 0.2% 39.15 0.3% 13.76 0.6% 0.03 0.3% 0.09 0.2%** **Motor Home 1,348,297 0.1% 0.22 0.3% 0.28 0.3% 2.53 0.2% 50.6 7 0.3% 7.94 0.4% 0.02 0.2% 0.05 0.1%** **Combination Short-haul Truck 19,984,686 1.8% 11.02 15.1 % 12.57 12.9% 9.61 0.8% 58.46 0.4% 221.39 10.1% 0.33 3.1% 0.55** **1.3% Combination Long-haul Truck 26,911,773 2.4% 17.26 23.6%** **19.56 20.1% 29.56 2.4% 117.64 0.8% 410.56 18.7% 0.49 4.7% 0.7 5 1.8%** Total 1,127,395,807 100.0% 73.01 100.0% 97.18 100.0% 1,217.09 100.0% 15,258.48 100.0% 2,192.92 100.0% 10.60 100.0% 42.85 100.0%VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX SO2 NH3Miles Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct.**Butler Motorcycle 7,713,115 0.5% 0.40 0.4% 0.46 0.4% 43.83 2 .5% 205.13 0.9% 7.62 0.2% 0.06 0.5% 0.35 0.6%** **Passenger Car 819,667,830 53.6% 15.92 15.2% 25.37 19.3% 53 6.54 30.1% 6,916.73 31.5% 572.55 16.9% 6.14 43.4% 28.19 48.0** **% Passenger Truck 417,231,120 27.3% 20.51 19.6% 27.82 21.2%** **820.43 46.1% 10,185.12 46.4% 1,022.13 30.1% 4.44 31.3% 19.8 4 33.8%** **Light Commercial Truck 140,148,790 9.2% 10.22 9.8% 12.80 9.8% 266.79 15.0% 3,417.68 15.6% 384.66 11.3% 1.41 9.9% 6.12** **10.4% Intercity Bus 1,954,567 0.1% 1.54 1.5% 1.68 1.3% 1.16 0.1% 7** **.70 0.0% 30.84 0.9% 0.03 0.2% 0.05 0.1% Transit Bus 69,315 0.0% 0.04 0.0% 0.04 0.0% 0.05 0.0% 0.62 0.** **0% 0.85 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% School Bus 2,553,536 0.2% 1.08 1.0% 1.22 0.9% 2.86 0.2% 41.1** **1 0.2% 20.74 0.6% 0.02 0.2% 0.05 0.1% Refuse Truck 1,212,588 0.1% 0.51 0.5% 0.57 0.4% 0.56 0.0% 5.** **43 0.0% 11.18 0.3% 0.02 0.1% 0.03 0.1% Single Unit Short-haul Truck 42,639,279 2.8% 8.07 7.7% 9** **.75 7.4% 36.24 2.0% 711.89 3.2% 200.32 5.9% 0.48 3.4% 1.29 2.2 %** **Single Unit Long-haul Truck 5,683,296 0.4% 0.99 1.0% 1.2 1 0.9% 3.83 0.2% 71.05 0.3% 24.16 0.7% 0.06 0.4% 0.17 0.3%** **Motor Home 2,528,205 0.2% 0.39 0.4% 0.47 0.4% 4.29 0.2% 93.7 0 0.4% 14.64 0.4% 0.04 0.3% 0.09 0.2%** **Combination Short-haul Truck 37,458,565 2.4% 17.58 16.8 % 19.60 14.9% 16.11 0.9% 99.41 0.5% 396.66 11.7% 0.59 4.1% 1.0** **5 1.8% Combination Long-haul Truck 50,405,272 3.3% 27.19 26.0%** **30.17 23.0% 47.53 2.7% 194.07 0.9% 710.35 20.9% 0.87 6.1% 1.4 4 2.5%** Total 1,529,265,480 100.0% 104.45 100.0% 131.17 100.0% 1,780.19 100.0% 21,949.64 100.0% 3,396.70 100.0% 14.16 100.0%58.67 100.0%County SourcetypeCounty SourcetypeCounty SourcetypeCounty SourcetypeAppendix A-25VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX SO2 NH3Miles Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct.**Greene Motorcycle 113,469 0.5% 0.01 0.4% 0.01 0.3% 0.57 2.3% 2.80 1.0% 0.12 0.2% 0.00 0.5% 0.01 0.6%** **Passenger Car 12,058,258 53.6% 0.23 15.3% 0.35 18.9% 7.78 3 1.1% 88.89 30.9% 9.60 18.5% 0.09 43.3% 0.47 49.5%** **Passenger Truck 6,128,246 27.3% 0.29 19.0% 0.38 20.4% 11.3 6 45.4% 134.84 46.8% 16.16 31.1% 0.06 31.3% 0.32 33.3%** **Light Commercial Truck 2,071,458 9.2% 0.15 9.9% 0.18 9.8% 3.66 14.6% 44.72 15.5% 5.91 11.4% 0.02 10.0% 0.10 10.2%** **Intercity Bus 32,911 0.1% 0.02 1.7% 0.03 1.5% 0.02 0.1% 0.13 0.0% 0.50 1.0% 0.00 0.2% 0.00 0.1%** **Transit Bus 0 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.0 0 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **School Bus 32,779 0.1% 0.01 0.8% 0.01 0.8% 0.03 0.1% 0.42 0.1 % 0.24 0.5% 0.00 0.1% 0.00 0.1%** **Refuse Truck 21,807 0.1% 0.01 0.6% 0.01 0.5% 0.01 0.0% 0.09 0 .0% 0.19 0.4% 0.00 0.1% 0.00 0.1%** **Single Unit Short-haul Truck 614,519 2.7% 0.11 7.4% 0.14 7.3% 0.51 2.1% 9.46 3.3% 2.73 5.3% 0.01 3.2% 0.02 2.0%** **Single Unit Long-haul Truck 84,958 0.4% 0.01 0.9% 0.02 0. 9% 0.06 0.2% 0.97 0.3% 0.34 0.7% 0.00 0.4% 0.00 0.3%** **Motor Home 37,993 0.2% 0.01 0.4% 0.01 0.4% 0.06 0.2% 1.20 0.4 % 0.20 0.4% 0.00 0.3% 0.00 0.1%** **Combination Short-haul Truck 548,499 2.4% 0.26 17.2% 0.2 9 15.5% 0.24 1.0% 1.48 0.5% 5.74 11.0% 0.01 4.2% 0.02 1.6%** **Combination Long-haul Truck 732,901 3.3% 0.40 26.4% 0.44 23.7% 0.71 2.8% 2.87 1.0% 10.27 19.8% 0.01 6.2% 0.02 2.2%** Total 22,477,798 100.0% 1.51 100.0% 1.87 100.0% 25.01 100.0% 287.87 100.0% 51.99 100.0% 0.20 100.0% 0.96 100.0%VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX SO2 NH3Miles Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct.**Lawrence Motorcycle 465,483 0.4% 0.03 0.3% 0.03 0.3% 0.89 1. 9% 9.78 1.2% 0.46 0.2% 0.00 0.4% 0.02 0.5%** **Passenger Car 49,466,595 47.7% 0.84 8.7% 1.26 11.2% 9.76 21 .5% 214.03 27.2% 29.60 10.2% 0.34 35.6% 2.03 46.2%** **Passenger Truck 25,150,951 24.3% 1.00 10.4% 1.31 11.7% 15. 70 34.5% 311.78 39.6% 50.12 17.2% 0.24 25.6% 1.36 30.8%** **Light Commercial Truck 8,486,683 8.2% 0.52 5.3% 0.62 5.6% 5.18 11.4% 94.31 12.0% 18.15 6.2% 0.08 8.1% 0.41 9.4%** **Intercity Bus 570,908 0.6% 0.43 4.4% 0.46 4.1% 0.31 0.7% 2.0 4 0.3% 9.17 3.1% 0.01 0.8% 0.01 0.3%** **Transit Bus 0 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.0 0 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **School Bus 17,231 0.0% 0.01 0.1% 0.01 0.1% 0.01 0.0% 0.19 0.0 % 0.15 0.1% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Refuse Truck 176,373 0.2% 0.07 0.7% 0.08 0.7% 0.07 0.2% 0.74 0.1% 1.66 0.6% 0.00 0.3% 0.00 0.1%** **Single Unit Short-haul Truck 5,929,112 5.7% 1.06 11.0% 1 .25 11.1% 4.66 10.2% 94.77 12.0% 27.60 9.5% 0.07 7.0% 0.18 4.0** **% Single Unit Long-haul Truck 787,340 0.8% 0.13 1.4% 0.16 1** **.4% 0.49 1.1% 9.43 1.2% 3.32 1.1% 0.01 0.9% 0.02 0.5% Motor Home 352,683 0.3% 0.05 0.6% 0.06 0.6% 0.57 1.2% 13.38 1** **.7% 2.12 0.7% 0.01 0.6% 0.01 0.3% Combination Short-haul Truck 5,218,633 5.0% 2.18 22.6% 2** **.38 21.2% 2.04 4.5% 12.81 1.6% 54.57 18.7% 0.08 8.4% 0.15 3.3% Combination Long-haul Truck 7,009,320 6.8% 3.33 34.5% 3.** **63 32.3% 5.82 12.8% 24.39 3.1% 94.64 32.5% 0.12 12.4% 0.20 4.6 %** Total 103,631,312 100.0% 9.65 100.0% 11.24 100.0% 45.50 100.0% 787.64 100.0% 291.57 100.0% 0.95 100.0% 4.40 100.0%VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX SO2 NH3Miles Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct.**Washington Motorcycle 7,890,295 0.5% 0.43 0.4% 0.49 0.3% 42 .17 2.7% 205.11 1.0% 7.65 0.2% 0.07 0.4% 0.35 0.6%** **Passenger Car 838,496,380 53.1% 16.40 14.6% 26.42 18.8% 45 7.90 29.4% 6,202.67 30.9% 507.96 14.8% 6.31 42.8% 29.02 47.8** **% Passenger Truck 426,812,640 27.1% 20.98 18.7% 28.74 20.4%** **700.78 45.0% 9,191.44 45.8% 954.15 27.9% 4.55 30.9% 20.35 33 .6%** **Light Commercial Truck 143,370,860 9.1% 10.43 9.3% 13.17 9.4% 233.17 15.0% 3,127.74 15.6% 368.08 10.8% 1.44 9.8% 6.28** **10.3% Intercity Bus 2,172,452 0.1% 1.73 1.5% 1.88 1.3% 1.27 0.1% 8** **.54 0.0% 34.80 1.0% 0.03 0.2% 0.06 0.1% Transit Bus 455,265 0.0% 0.27 0.2% 0.29 0.2% 0.31 0.0% 4.14 0** **.0% 5.78 0.2% 0.00 0.0% 0.01 0.0% School Bus 1,169,945 0.1% 0.50 0.5% 0.57 0.4% 1.32 0.1% 19.1** **9 0.1% 9.85 0.3% 0.01 0.1% 0.03 0.0% Refuse Truck 1,345,140 0.1% 0.57 0.5% 0.64 0.5% 0.62 0.0% 6.** **03 0.0% 12.62 0.4% 0.02 0.1% 0.04 0.1% Single Unit Short-haul Truck 47,929,761 3.0% 9.12 8.1% 1** **0.99 7.8% 40.68 2.6% 809.05 4.0% 228.61 6.7% 0.55 3.7% 1.44 2. 4%** **Single Unit Long-haul Truck 6,400,357 0.4% 1.13 1.0% 1.3 7 1.0% 4.30 0.3% 80.98 0.4% 27.65 0.8% 0.07 0.5% 0.19 0.3%** **Motor Home 2,839,560 0.2% 0.44 0.4% 0.54 0.4% 4.86 0.3% 109. 08 0.5% 16.84 0.5% 0.05 0.3% 0.10 0.2%** **Combination Short-haul Truck 42,104,313 2.7% 19.63 17.5 % 21.84 15.5% 17.88 1.1% 110.82 0.6% 448.23 13.1% 0.66 4.5% 1.** **17 1.9% Combination Long-haul Truck 56,649,075 3.6% 30.34 27.1%** **33.61 23.9% 52.65 3.4% 215.80 1.1% 798.92 23.4% 0.98 6.7% 1.6 2 2.7%** Total 1,577,636,043 100.0% 111.97 100.0% 140.56 100.0% 1,557.89 100.0% 20,090.58 100.0% 3,421.14 100.0% 14.74 100.0%60.65 100.0%VMT PM2.5 PM10 VOC CO NOX SO2 NH3Miles Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct. Emissions Pct.**Westmoreland Motorcycle 13,656,860 0.5% 0.72 0.3% 0.82 0.3 % 72.72 2.7% 350.95 1.0% 12.94 0.2% 0.11 0.4% 0.59 0.6%** **Passenger Car 1,451,305,030 52.4% 28.38 13.5% 47.03 17.8% 785.01 28.9% 10,577.23 30.4% 868.10 13.9% 10.99 42.0% 49.82** **47.4% Passenger Truck 738,747,020 26.7% 36.01 17.2% 50.46 19.1%** **1,204.99 44.4% 15,690.33 45.2% 1,629.59 26.0% 7.89 30.2% 34 .75 33.0%** **Light Commercial Truck 248,150,880 9.0% 18.10 8.6% 23.19 8.8% 401.82 14.8% 5,352.46 15.4% 632.52 10.1% 2.50 9.6% 10.7** **3 10.2% Intercity Bus 3,667,862 0.1% 2.93 1.4% 3.19 1.2% 2.18 0.1% 1** **4.71 0.0% 58.14 0.9% 0.05 0.2% 0.09 0.1% Transit Bus 400,628 0.0% 0.24 0.1% 0.26 0.1% 0.28 0.0% 3.71 0** **.0% 5.07 0.1% 0.00 0.0% 0.01 0.0% School Bus 5,909,590 0.2% 2.59 1.2% 2.92 1.1% 7.21 0.3% 107.** **08 0.3% 49.65 0.8% 0.05 0.2% 0.13 0.1% Refuse Truck 2,667,574 0.1% 1.13 0.5% 1.27 0.5% 1.24 0.0% 11** **.97 0.0% 24.70 0.4% 0.04 0.1% 0.07 0.1% Single Unit Short-haul Truck 94,431,540 3.4% 18.29 8.7%** **22.09 8.4% 81.19 3.0% 1,605.79 4.6% 452.79 7.2% 1.09 4.2% 2.8 8 2.7%** **Single Unit Long-haul Truck 12,597,173 0.5% 2.26 1.1% 2. 76 1.0% 8.60 0.3% 161.10 0.5% 54.90 0.9% 0.14 0.5% 0.38 0.4%** **Motor Home 5,597,423 0.2% 0.89 0.4% 1.08 0.4% 9.67 0.4% 213. 60 0.6% 33.08 0.5% 0.09 0.3% 0.20 0.2%** **Combination Short-haul Truck 82,969,692 3.0% 38.62 18.4 % 43.07 16.3% 35.72 1.3% 220.18 0.6% 875.32 14.0% 1.29 4.9% 2.** **32 2.2% Combination Long-haul Truck 111,606,430 4.0% 59.61 28.4** **% 66.19 25.0% 105.50 3.9% 430.26 1.2% 1,570.19 25.1% 1.91 7.3 % 3.18 3.0%** Total 2,771,707,702 100.0% 209.76 100.0% 264.34 100.0% 2,716.13 100.0% 34,739.37 100.0% 6,267.00 100.0% 26.16 100.0%105.15 100.0%County SourcetypeCounty SourcetypeCounty SourcetypeCounty SourcetypeAppendix A-26Appendix A-2-12011 Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Area Emission Summaryby ProcessAnnual (Tons/Year)PM2.5PM10VOCCONOXSO2NH3EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.**Allegheny Running Exhaust 287.05 64.1% 301.37 50.1% 1,290 .69 17.5% 33,337.31 35.8% 9,514.29 71.9% 59.29 91.1% 261.01** **100.0% Start Exhaust 70.73 15.8% 76.65 12.7% 4,321.00 58.6% 59,61** **9.81 64.0% 3,163.17 23.9% 4.45 6.8% 0.00 0.0% Brakewear 33.69 7.5% 128.68 21.4% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.** **0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Tirewear 11.88 2.7% 49.53 8.2% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0** **.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Evap Permeation 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 343.41 4.7% 0.00 0.0% 0.** **00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Evap Fuel Vapor Venting 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 847.88 11.5% 0** **.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Evap Fuel Leaks 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 395.85 5.4% 0.00 0.0% 0.** **00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Crankcase Running Exhaust 37.66 8.4% 38.86 6.5% 18.12 0.2** **% 7.62 0.0% 2.05 0.0% 1.12 1.7% 0.00 0.0% Crankcase Start Exhaust 1.13 0.3% 1.19 0.2% 57.07 0.8% 7.5** **8 0.0% 0.11 0.0% 0.04 0.1% 0.00 0.0% Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust 0.85 0.2% 0.88 0.1% 1.44** **0.0% 0.37 0.0% 0.17 0.0% 0.02 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Refueling Displacement Vapor Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.** **00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Refueling Spillage Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00** **0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Extended Idle Exhaust 4.59 1.0% 4.73 0.8% 93.33 1.3% 210.7** **8 0.2% 556.36 4.2% 0.15 0.2% 0.00 0.0%**Total 447.57 100.0% 601.90 100.0% 7,368.79 100.0% 93,183.47 100.0% 13,236.15 100.0% 65.07 100.0% 261.01 100.0%PM2.5PM10VOCCONOXSO2NH3EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.**Armstrong Running Exhaust 2.69 71.1% 2.80 60.5% 9.51 21.6% 228.50 41.4% 91.69 79.3% 0.40 91.9% 1.83 100.0%** **Start Exhaust 0.36 9.5% 0.39 8.4% 24.48 55.7% 320.35 58.1% 1 7.20 14.9% 0.02 5.1% 0.00 0.0%** **Brakewear 0.15 4.0% 0.57 12.4% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0 .00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Tirewear 0.09 2.2% 0.35 7.6% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.0 0 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Evap Permeation 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 1.72 3.9% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Evap Fuel Vapor Venting 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 4.63 10.5% 0.0 0 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Evap Fuel Leaks 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 2.01 4.6% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Crankcase Running Exhaust 0.43 11.3% 0.44 9.5% 0.14 0.3% 0 .07 0.0% 0.02 0.0% 0.01 2.5% 0.00 0.0%** **Crankcase Start Exhaust 0.01 0.2% 0.01 0.1% 0.32 0.7% 0.04 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.1% 0.00 0.0%** **Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust 0.01 0.3% 0.01 0.2% 0.02 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Refueling Displacement Vapor Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0. 00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Refueling Spillage Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Extended Idle Exhaust 0.06 1.5% 0.06 1.2% 1.12 2.5% 2.53 0. 5% 6.65 5.8% 0.00 0.4% 0.00 0.0%** Total 3.78 100.0% 4.63 100.0% 43.96 100.0% 551.49 100.0% 115.56 100.0% 0.44 100.0% 1.83 100.0%PM2.5PM10VOCCONOXSO2NH3EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.**Beaver Running Exhaust 46.68 63.9% 48.96 50.4% 205.90 16.9 % 5,254.46 34.4% 1,565.67 71.4% 9.63 90.9% 42.85 100.0%** **Start Exhaust 11.81 16.2% 12.80 13.2% 721.45 59.3% 9,964.0 9 65.3% 528.32 24.1% 0.74 7.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Brakewear 5.13 7.0% 19.60 20.2% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Tirewear 1.95 2.7% 8.14 8.4% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.0 0 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Evap Permeation 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 57.32 4.7% 0.00 0.0% 0.0 0 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Evap Fuel Vapor Venting 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 138.08 11.3% 0 .00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Evap Fuel Leaks 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 65.11 5.3% 0.00 0.0% 0.0 0 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Crankcase Running Exhaust 6.29 8.6% 6.49 6.7% 2.90 0.2% 1. 22 0.0% 0.34 0.0% 0.19 1.8% 0.00 0.0%** **Crankcase Start Exhaust 0.19 0.3% 0.20 0.2% 9.53 0.8% 1.27 0.0% 0.02 0.0% 0.01 0.1% 0.00 0.0%** **Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust 0.15 0.2% 0.16 0.2% 0.25 0.0% 0.07 0.0% 0.03 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Refueling Displacement Vapor Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0. 00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Refueling Spillage Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Extended Idle Exhaust 0.81 1.1% 0.84 0.9% 16.55 1.4% 37.37 0.2% 98.55 4.5% 0.03 0.2% 0.00 0.0%** Total 73.01 100.0% 97.18 100.0% 1,217.09 100.0% 15,258.48 100.0% 2,192.92 100.0% 10.60 100.0% 42.85 100.0%PM2.5PM10VOCCONOXSO2NH3EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.**Butler Running Exhaust 69.58 66.6% 72.84 55.5% 292.23 16.4 % 7,876.51 35.9% 2,485.37 73.2% 12.82 90.5% 58.67 100.0%** **Start Exhaust 15.86 15.2% 17.19 13.1% 1,092.33 61.4% 14,01 1.67 63.8% 758.89 22.3% 1.00 7.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Brakewear 4.89 4.7% 18.68 14.2% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Tirewear 2.52 2.4% 10.49 8.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0. 00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Evap Permeation 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 76.82 4.3% 0.00 0.0% 0.0 0 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Evap Fuel Vapor Venting 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 189.58 10.6% 0 .00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Evap Fuel Leaks 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 84.70 4.8% 0.00 0.0% 0.0 0 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Crankcase Running Exhaust 9.85 9.4% 10.16 7.7% 4.16 0.2% 1 .87 0.0% 0.58 0.0% 0.29 2.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Crankcase Start Exhaust 0.26 0.2% 0.27 0.2% 14.43 0.8% 1.8 1 0.0% 0.03 0.0% 0.01 0.1% 0.00 0.0%** **Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust 0.23 0.2% 0.24 0.2% 0.39 0.0% 0.10 0.0% 0.05 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Refueling Displacement Vapor Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0. 00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Refueling Spillage Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Extended Idle Exhaust 1.26 1.2% 1.29 1.0% 25.54 1.4% 57.68 0.3% 151.79 4.5% 0.04 0.3% 0.00 0.0%** Total 104.45 100.0% 131.17 100.0% 1,780.19 100.0% 21,949.64 100.0% 3,396.70 100.0% 14.16 100.0% 58.67 100.0%County ProcessCounty ProcessCounty ProcessCounty ProcessAppendix A-27PM2.5PM10VOCCONOXSO2NH3EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.**Greene Running Exhaust 1.03 67.8% 1.07 57.4% 4.69 18.7% 115 .87 40.3% 39.23 75.5% 0.18 91.5% 0.96 100.0%** **Start Exhaust 0.22 14.6% 0.24 12.8% 14.36 57.4% 171.09 59.4 % 10.49 20.2% 0.01 6.1% 0.00 0.0%** **Brakewear 0.06 3.9% 0.23 12.2% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0 .00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Tirewear 0.04 2.4% 0.15 8.2% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.0 0 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Evap Permeation 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 1.12 4.5% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Evap Fuel Vapor Venting 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 2.93 11.7% 0.0 0 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Evap Fuel Leaks 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 1.28 5.1% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Crankcase Running Exhaust 0.15 9.6% 0.15 8.0% 0.07 0.3% 0. 03 0.0% 0.01 0.0% 0.00 2.1% 0.00 0.0%** **Crankcase Start Exhaust 0.00 0.2% 0.00 0.2% 0.19 0.8% 0.02 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.1% 0.00 0.0%** **Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust 0.00 0.2% 0.00 0.2% 0.01 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Refueling Displacement Vapor Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0. 00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Refueling Spillage Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Extended Idle Exhaust 0.02 1.2% 0.02 1.0% 0.38 1.5% 0.86 0. 3% 2.26 4.4% 0.00 0.3% 0.00 0.0%** Total 1.51 100.0% 1.87 100.0% 25.01 100.0% 287.87 100.0% 51.99 100.0% 0.20 100.0% 0.96 100.0%PM2.5PM10VOCCONOXSO2NH3EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.**Lawrence Running Exhaust 7.70 79.8% 8.03 71.4% 23.58 51.8% 616.30 78.2% 264.80 90.8% 0.91 95.1% 4.40 100.0%** **Start Exhaust 0.18 1.8% 0.19 1.7% 10.76 23.6% 164.31 20.9% 8 .77 3.0% 0.01 1.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Brakewear 0.23 2.4% 0.89 7.9% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0. 00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Tirewear 0.17 1.8% 0.72 6.4% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.0 0 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Evap Permeation 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.85 1.9% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Evap Fuel Vapor Venting 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 4.99 11.0% 0.0 0 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Evap Fuel Leaks 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 1.77 3.9% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Crankcase Running Exhaust 1.19 12.3% 1.23 10.9% 0.35 0.8% 0.18 0.0% 0.08 0.0% 0.03 3.3% 0.00 0.0%** **Crankcase Start Exhaust 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.14 0.3% 0.03 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust 0.03 0.3% 0.03 0.3% 0.05 0.1% 0.01 0.0% 0.01 0.0% 0.00 0.1% 0.00 0.0%** **Refueling Displacement Vapor Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0. 00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Refueling Spillage Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **Extended Idle Exhaust 0.15 1.5% 0.15 1.4% 3.01 6.6% 6.80 0. 9% 17.91 6.1% 0.00 0.5% 0.00 0.0%** Total 9.65 100.0% 11.24 100.0% 45.50 100.0% 787.64 100.0% 291.57 100.0% 0.95 100.0% 4.40 100.0%PM2.5PM10VOCCONOXSO2NH3EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.**Washington Running Exhaust 76.38 68.2% 79.93 56.9% 281.96 18.1% 7,374.98 36.7% 2,585.45 75.6% 13.43 91.1% 60.65 100.0** **% Start Exhaust 14.88 13.3% 16.12 11.5% 907.01 58.2% 12,648.** **23 63.0% 667.18 19.5% 0.93 6.3% 0.00 0.0% Brakewear 5.34 4.8% 20.40 14.5% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0%** **0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Tirewear 2.62 2.3% 10.93 7.8% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.** **00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Evap Permeation 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 72.04 4.6% 0.00 0.0% 0.0** **0 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Evap Fuel Vapor Venting 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 171.05 11.0% 0** **.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Evap Fuel Leaks 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 81.15 5.2% 0.00 0.0% 0.0** **0 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Crankcase Running Exhaust 10.87 9.7% 11.22 8.0% 4.06 0.3%** **1.90 0.0% 0.64 0.0% 0.32 2.1% 0.00 0.0% Crankcase Start Exhaust 0.24 0.2% 0.26 0.2% 11.99 0.8% 1.6** **5 0.0% 0.03 0.0% 0.01 0.1% 0.00 0.0% Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust 0.26 0.2% 0.26 0.2% 0.43** **0.0% 0.11 0.0% 0.05 0.0% 0.01 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Refueling Displacement Vapor Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.** **00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Refueling Spillage Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00** **0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Extended Idle Exhaust 1.39 1.2% 1.43 1.0% 28.21 1.8% 63.70** **0.3% 167.78 4.9% 0.04 0.3% 0.00 0.0%**Total 111.97 100.0% 140.56 100.0% 1,557.89 100.0% 20,090.58 100.0% 3,421.14 100.0% 14.74 100.0% 60.65 100.0%PM2.5PM10VOCCONOXSO2NH3EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.EmissionsPct.**Westmoreland Running Exhaust 143.85 68.6% 150.32 56.9% 51 5.88 19.0% 12,863.56 37.0% 4,782.87 76.3% 23.85 91.2% 105.1** **5 100.0% Start Exhaust 25.49 12.2% 27.62 10.4% 1,551.62 57.1% 21,74** **0.93 62.6% 1,144.98 18.3% 1.60 6.1% 0.00 0.0% Brakewear 10.59 5.0% 40.45 15.3% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0** **% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Tirewear 4.83 2.3% 20.16 7.6% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.** **00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Evap Permeation 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 123.19 4.5% 0.00 0.0% 0.** **00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Evap Fuel Vapor Venting 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 299.07 11.0% 0** **.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Evap Fuel Leaks 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 140.71 5.2% 0.00 0.0% 0.** **00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Crankcase Running Exhaust 21.26 10.1% 21.93 8.3% 7.50 0.3** **% 3.55 0.0% 1.25 0.0% 0.59 2.3% 0.00 0.0% Crankcase Start Exhaust 0.42 0.2% 0.45 0.2% 20.51 0.8% 2.8** **9 0.0% 0.04 0.0% 0.02 0.1% 0.00 0.0% Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust 0.52 0.2% 0.53 0.2% 0.87** **0.0% 0.23 0.0% 0.10 0.0% 0.01 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Refueling Displacement Vapor Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.** **00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Refueling Spillage Loss 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00** **0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% 0.00 0.0% Extended Idle Exhaust 2.79 1.3% 2.88 1.1% 56.77 2.1% 128.2** **1 0.4% 337.76 5.4% 0.09 0.3% 0.00 0.0%**Total 209.76 100.0% 264.34 100.0% 2,716.13 100.0% 34,739.37 100.0% 6,267.00 100.0% 26.16 100.0% 105.15 100.0%County ProcessCounty ProcessCounty ProcessCounty ProcessAppendix A-28APPENDIX A-3Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley Area MOVES Sample Input Files	
    MOVES Run Specification File SettingsSample xml file format<moves><importer mode="county" ><filters><geographicselections>(Specify County to be run)<geographicselection type="COUNTY"key="42003" description="PENNSYLVANIA - Allegheny County"/></geographicselections><timespan><year key="2011"/><month id="00"/><day id="2"/><day id="5"/><beginhour id="1"/><endhour id="24"/><aggregateBy key="Hour"/></timespan><onroadvehicleselections><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="62" sourcetypename="Combination Long-haul Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="61" sourcetypename="Combination Short-haul Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="41" sourcetypename="Intercity Bus"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="32" sourcetypename="Light Commercial Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="54" sourcetypename="Motor Home"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="11" sourcetypename="Motorcycle"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="21" sourcetypename="Passenger Car"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="31" sourcetypename="Passenger Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="51" sourcetypename="Refuse Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="43" sourcetypename="School Bus"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="53" sourcetypename="Single Unit Long-haul Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="52" sourcetypename="Single Unit Short-haul Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="42" sourcetypename="Transit Bus"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="62" sourcetypename="Combination Long-haul Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="61" sourcetypename="Combination Short-haul Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="41" sourcetypename="Intercity Bus"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="32" sourcetypename="Light Commercial Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="54" sourcetypename="Motor Home"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="11" sourcetypename="Motorcycle"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="21" sourcetypename="Passenger Car"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="31" sourcetypename="Passenger Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="51" sourcetypename="Refuse Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="43" sourcetypename="School Bus"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="53" sourcetypename="Single Unit Long-haul Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="52" sourcetypename="Single Unit Short-haul Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="42" sourcetypename="Transit Bus"/></onroadvehicleselections><offroadvehicleselections></offroadvehicleselections><offroadvehiclesccs></offroadvehiclesccs><roadtypes><roadtype roadtypeid="1" roadtypename="Off-Network"/><roadtype roadtypeid="2" roadtypename="Rural Restricted Access"/><roadtype roadtypeid="3" roadtypename="Rural Unrestricted Access"/><roadtype roadtypeid="4" roadtypename="Urban Restricted Access"/><roadtype roadtypeid="5" roadtypename="Urban Unrestricted Access"/></roadtypes></filters><databaseselection servername="localhost" databasename="42003_2011_00_25_Avgann_mi"/><agedistribution>	
    <description><![CDATA[]]></description><parts><sourceTypeAgeDistribution>(Specify Age Distribution data file name for countybeing run)<filename>C:\PAMOVES\MOVESInputs\AgeDistribution\10Reg_RepCty\2011\42019_2011_SourceTypeAgeDistribution.csv</filename></sourceTypeAgeDistribution></parts></agedistribution><avgspeeddistribution><description><![CDATA[]]></description><parts><avgSpeedDistribution>(Specify Average Speed Distribution data file namefor county being run – Asprepared by PPSUITE post processor)<filename>C:\PAMOVES\Out\Pgh_2011_Avgann_Inv\\42003_2011_00_25_Avgann\CDM\avgSpeedDistribution.csv</filename></avgSpeedDistribution></parts></avgspeeddistribution><imcoverage><description><![CDATA[]]></description><parts><imcoverage>(Specify I/M Parameters file name for county beingrun)<filename>C:\PAMOVES\MOVESInputs\IM\42000_2011_IMCoverage.csv</filename></imcoverage></parts></imcoverage><fuel><description><![CDATA[]]></description><parts><FuelSupply>(Specify Fuel Supply data file name for county being run)<filename>C:\PAMOVES\MOVESInputs\Fuel\MOVES2010a\42000_2011_FuelSupply.csv</filename></FuelSupply><FuelFormulation>(Specify Fuel Formulation data file name for county being run)<filename>C:\PAMOVES\MOVESInputs\Fuel\42000_FuelFormulation_MOVES2010a.csv</filename></FuelFormulation></parts></fuel><zonemonthhour><description><![CDATA[]]></description><parts><zoneMonthHour>(Specify Meteorology data file name for county being run)<filename>C:\PAMOVES\MOVESInputs\Meteorology\2008\42003_2008_met.csv</filename></zoneMonthHour></parts></zonemonthhour><roadtypedistribution><description><![CDATA[]]></description><parts><roadTypeDistribution>(Specify Road Type Distribution data file name forcounty being run – As prepared by PPSUITE post processor)<filename>C:\PAMOVES\Out\Pgh_2011_Avgann_Inv\\42003_2011_00_25_Avgann\CDM\roadTypeDistribution.csv</filename></roadTypeDistribution></parts></roadtypedistribution><sourcetypepopulation><description><![CDATA[]]></description><parts><sourceTypeYear>(Specify Vehicle Population data file name for county being run)	
    
<filename>C:\PAMOVES\Out\Pgh_2011_Avgann_Inv\\42003_2011_00_25_Avgann\CDM\SourceTypePopulation.csv</filename></sourceTypeYear></parts></sourcetypepopulation><rampfraction><description><![CDATA[]]></description><parts><roadType>(Specify Ramp Fractions data file name for county being run – As prepared by PPSUITE post processor)<filename>C:\PAMOVES\MOVESInputs\RampFraction\rampfraction_defaults.csv</filename></roadType></parts></rampfraction><vehicletypevmt><description><![CDATA[]]></description><parts>Specify Annual VMT and VMT Fractions file names forcounty being run – As prepared by PPSUITE post processor)<hpmsVTypeYear><filename>C:\PAMOVES\Out\Pgh_2011_Avgann_Inv\\42003_2011_00_25_Avgann\CDM\hpmsVTypeYear.csv</filename></hpmsVTypeYear><monthvmtfraction><filename>C:\PAMOVES\MOVESInputs\MonthDayHourFractions\2011_MonthFraction\42003_2011_MonthVMTFraction.csv</filename></monthvmtfraction><dayvmtfraction><filename>C:\PAMOVES\MOVESInputs\MonthDayHourFractions\dayvmtfraction_avgday.csv</filename></dayvmtfraction><hourvmtfraction><filename>C:\PAMOVES\Out\Pgh_2011_Avgann_Inv\\42003_2011_00_25_Avgann\CDM\hourvmtfraction.csv</filename></hourvmtfraction></parts></vehicletypevmt></importer></moves>Sample mrs file format<runspec><description><![CDATA[MOVES2010 RunSpec Created by CENTRAL4 Scenario: ALLE 2011 ANNAVG Avgann Emission Inventory with user's data]]></description><modelscale value="INV"/><modeldomain value="SINGLE"/><geographicselections>(Specify County to be run)<geographicselection type="COUNTY" key="42003" description="PENNSYLVANIA - Allegheny County"/></geographicselections><timespan><year key="2011"/><month id="1"/><month id="2"/><month id="3"/><month id="4"/><month id="5"/><month id="6"/><month id="7"/><month id="8"/><month id="9"/><month id="10"/><month id="11"/><month id="12"/><day id="2"/><day id="5"/>	
    
<beginhour id="1"/><endhour id="24"/><aggregateBy key="Hour"/></timespan><onroadvehicleselections><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="11" sourcetypename="Motorcycle"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="21" sourcetypename="Passenger Car"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="31" sourcetypename="Passenger Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="32" sourcetypename="Light Commercial Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="11" sourcetypename="Motorcycle"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="21" sourcetypename="Passenger Car"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="31" sourcetypename="Passenger Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="32" sourcetypename="Light Commercial Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="11" sourcetypename="Motorcycle"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="21" sourcetypename="Passenger Car"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="31" sourcetypename="Passenger Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="32" sourcetypename="LightCommercial Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="41" sourcetypename="Intercity Bus"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="42" sourcetypename="Transit Bus"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="43" sourcetypename="School Bus"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="41" sourcetypename="Intercity Bus"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="42" sourcetypename="Transit Bus"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="43" sourcetypename="School Bus"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="41" sourcetypename="Intercity Bus"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="42" sourcetypename="Transit Bus"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="43" sourcetypename="School Bus"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="51" sourcetypename="Refuse Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="52" sourcetypename="Single Unit Short-haul Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="53" sourcetypename="Single Unit Long-haul Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="54" sourcetypename="Motor Home"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="61" sourcetypename="Combination Short-haul Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="3" fueltypedesc="Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)" sourcetypeid="62" sourcetypename="Combination Long-haul Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="51" sourcetypename="Refuse Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="52" sourcetypename="Single Unit Short-haul Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="53" sourcetypename="Single Unit Long-haul Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="54" sourcetypename="Motor Home"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="61" sourcetypename="Combination Short-haul Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="2" fueltypedesc="Diesel Fuel" sourcetypeid="62" sourcetypename="Combination Long-haul Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="51" sourcetypename="Refuse Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="52" sourcetypename="Single Unit Short-haul Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="53" sourcetypename="Single Unit Long-haul Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="54" sourcetypename="MotorHome"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="61" sourcetypename="Combination Short-haul Truck"/><onroadvehicleselection fueltypeid="1" fueltypedesc="Gasoline" sourcetypeid="62" sourcetypename="Combination Long-haul Truck"/></onroadvehicleselections><offroadvehicleselections></offroadvehicleselections><offroadvehiclesccs></offroadvehiclesccs><roadtypes><roadtype roadtypeid="1" roadtypename="Off-Network"/><roadtype roadtypeid="2" roadtypename="Rural Restricted Access"/><roadtype roadtypeid="3" roadtypename="Rural Unrestricted Access"/><roadtype roadtypeid="4" roadtypename="Urban Restricted Access"/><roadtype roadtypeid="5" roadtypename="Urban Unrestricted Access"/></roadtypes><pollutantprocessassociations><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="2" pollutantname="Carbon Monoxide (CO)" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exhaust"/>	
    <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="3" pollutantname="Oxides of Nitrogen" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="3" pollutantname="Oxides of Nitrogen" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="3" pollutantname="Oxides of Nitrogen" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="3" pollutantname="Oxides of Nitrogen" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="3" pollutantname="Oxides of Nitrogen" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="3" pollutantname="Oxides of Nitrogen" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="79" pollutantname="Non-Methane Hydrocarbons" processkey="1"processname="Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="79" pollutantname="Non-Methane Hydrocarbons" processkey="2"processname="Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="79" pollutantname="Non-Methane Hydrocarbons" processkey="11" processname="Evap Permeation"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="79" pollutantname="Non-Methane Hydrocarbons" processkey="12" processname="Evap Fuel Vapor Venting"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="79" pollutantname="Non-Methane Hydrocarbons" processkey="13" processname="Evap Fuel Leaks"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="79" pollutantname="Non-Methane Hydrocarbons" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="79" pollutantname="Non-Methane Hydrocarbons" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="79" pollutantname="Non-Methane Hydrocarbons" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="79" pollutantname="Non-Methane Hydrocarbons" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="1" pollutantname="Total Gaseous Hydrocarbons" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="1" pollutantname="Total Gaseous Hydrocarbons" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="1" pollutantname="Total Gaseous Hydrocarbons" processkey="11" processname="Evap Permeation"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="1" pollutantname="Total Gaseous Hydrocarbons" processkey="12" processname="Evap Fuel Vapor Venting"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="1" pollutantname="Total Gaseous Hydrocarbons" processkey="13" processname="Evap Fuel Leaks"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="1" pollutantname="Total Gaseous Hydrocarbons" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="1" pollutantname="Total Gaseous Hydrocarbons" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="1" pollutantname="Total Gaseous Hydrocarbons" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="1" pollutantname="Total Gaseous Hydrocarbons" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="87" pollutantname="Volatile Organic Compounds" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="87" pollutantname="Volatile Organic Compounds" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="87" pollutantname="Volatile Organic Compounds" processkey="11" processname="Evap Permeation"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="87" pollutantname="Volatile Organic Compounds" processkey="12" processname="Evap Fuel Vapor Venting"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="87" pollutantname="Volatile Organic Compounds" processkey="13" processname="Evap Fuel Leaks"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="87" pollutantname="Volatile Organic Compounds" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="87" pollutantname="Volatile Organic Compounds" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="87" pollutantname="Volatile Organic Compounds" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="87" pollutantname="Volatile Organic Compounds" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="110" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM2.5 - Total" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="110" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM2.5 - Total" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="110" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM2.5 - Total" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="110" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM2.5 - Total" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="110" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM2.5 - Total" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="110" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM2.5 - Total" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="116" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Brakewear Particulate"processkey="9" processname="Brakewear"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="112" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="112" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="112" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="112" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="112" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="112" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="111" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Organic Carbon" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="111" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Organic Carbon" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="111" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Organic Carbon" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="111" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Organic Carbon" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="111" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Organic Carbon" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="111" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Organic Carbon" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="115" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="115" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="115" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="115" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="115" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase Extended IdleExhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="115" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="117" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Tirewear Particulate" processkey="10" processname="Tirewear"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="91" pollutantname="Total Energy Consumption" processkey="1"processname="Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="91" pollutantname="Total Energy Consumption" processkey="2"processname="Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="91" pollutantname="Total Energy Consumption" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="100" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM10 - Total" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="100" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM10 - Total" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="100" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM10 - Total" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="100" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM10 - Total" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="100" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM10 - Total" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust"/>	
    <pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="100" pollutantname="Primary Exhaust PM10 - Total" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="106" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Brakewear Particulate" processkey="9" processname="Brakewear"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="102" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="102" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="102" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="102" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="102" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="102" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Elemental Carbon" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="101" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Organic Carbon" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="101" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Organic Carbon" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="101" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Organic Carbon" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="101" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Organic Carbon" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="101" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Organic Carbon" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="101" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Organic Carbon" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="105" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="105" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="105" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="105" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="105" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="105" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Sulfate Particulate" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="107" pollutantname="Primary PM10 - Tirewear Particulate" processkey="10" processname="Tirewear"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="116" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Brakewear Particulate"processkey="9" processname="Brakewear"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="117" pollutantname="Primary PM2.5 - Tirewear Particulate" processkey="10" processname="Tirewear"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="91" pollutantname="Total Energy Consumption" processkey="1"processname="Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="91" pollutantname="Total Energy Consumption" processkey="2"processname="Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="91" pollutantname="Total Energy Consumption" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="31" pollutantname="Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="31" pollutantname="Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="31" pollutantname="Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="31" pollutantname="Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="31" pollutantname="Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="31" pollutantname="Sulfur Dioxide (SO2)" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="91" pollutantname="Total Energy Consumption" processkey="1"processname="Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="91" pollutantname="Total Energy Consumption" processkey="2"processname="Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="91" pollutantname="Total Energy Consumption" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="30" pollutantname="Ammonia (NH3)" processkey="1" processname="Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="30" pollutantname="Ammonia (NH3)" processkey="2" processname="Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="30" pollutantname="Ammonia (NH3)" processkey="15" processname="Crankcase Running Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="30" pollutantname="Ammonia (NH3)" processkey="16" processname="Crankcase Start Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="30" pollutantname="Ammonia (NH3)" processkey="17" processname="Crankcase Extended Idle Exhaust"/><pollutantprocessassociation pollutantkey="30" pollutantname="Ammonia (NH3)" processkey="90" processname="Extended Idle Exhaust"/></pollutantprocessassociations><databaseselections><databaseselection servername="localhost" databasename="early_NLEV" description=""/><databaseselection servername="localhost" databasename="calevii08" description=""/></databaseselections><inputdatabase servername="" databasename="" description=""/><uncertaintyparameters uncertaintymodeenabled="false" numberofrunspersimulation="0" numberofsimulations="0"/><geographicoutputdetail description="COUNTY"/><outputemissionsbreakdownselection><modelyear selected="false"/><fueltype selected="false"/><emissionprocess selected="true"/><onroadoffroad selected="true"/><roadtype selected="true"/><sourceusetype selected="true"/><movesvehicletype selected="false"/><onroadscc selected="false"/><offroadscc selected="false"/><estimateuncertainty selected="false" numberOfIterations="2" keepSampledData="false" keepIterations="false"/><sector selected="false"/><engtechid selected="false"/><hpclass selected="false"/></outputemissionsbreakdownselection>(Specify output database file name for county beingrun)<outputdatabase servername="localhost" databasename="42003_2011_00_25_Avgann_mo" description=""/>><outputtimestep value="Month"/><outputvmtdata value="true"/>	
    <outputsho value="true"/><outputsh value="true"/><outputshp value="true"/><outputshidling value="true"/><outputstarts value="true"/><outputpopulation value="true"/>(Specify input database file name for county beingrun)<scaleinputdatabase servername="localhost" databasename="42003_2011_00_25_Avgann_mi" description=""/><pmsize value="0"/><outputfactors><timefactors selected="true" units="Hours"/><distancefactors selected="false" units="Miles"/><massfactors selected="false" units="Grams" energyunits="Million BTU"/></outputfactors><savedata></savedata><donotexecute></donotexecute><generatordatabase shouldsave="false" servername="" databasename="" description=""/><donotperformfinalaggregation selected="false"/><lookuptableflags scenarioid="" truncateoutput="false" truncateactivity="false"/><internalcontrolstrategies><internalcontrolstrategy classname="gov.epa.otaq.moves.master.implementation.ghg.internalcontrolstrategies.rateofprogress.RateOfProgressStrategy"><![CDATA[useParameters No]]></internalcontrolstrategy></internalcontrolstrategies></runspec>