NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 219

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

Volume 219

BOREAS TGB-1 NSA CH 4 and CO 2

Chamber Flux Data

Patrick Crill and Ruth K. Varner

University of New Hampshire, Durham

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010022798 2018-05-14T19:00:21+00:00Z
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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 219

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

Volume 219

BOREAS TGB-1 NSA CH 4 and CO 2

Chamber Flux Data

Patrick Crill and Ruth K. Varner

University of New Hampshire, Durham

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS TGB-1 NSA CH 4 and CO 2 Chamber Flux Data

Patrick M. Crill, Ruth K. Varner

Summary

The BOREAS TGB-1 team made methane (CI-I4) and carbon dioxide (C02) dark chamber flux

measurements at the NSA-OJP, NSA-OBS, NSA-BP, and NSA-YJP sites from 16-May-1994

through 13-Sep-1994. Gas samples were extracted approximately every 7 days from dark chambers

and analyzed at the NSA lab facility. The data are provided in tabular ASCII files.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TGB-01 NSA CH4 and CO2 Chamber Flux Data

1.2 Data Set Introduction

Chamber flux measurements were taken at the Northern Study Area (NSA) Old Jack Pine (OJP),

Young Jack Pine (YJP), Old Black Spruce (OBS), and Beaver Pond (BP) sites during the summer of

1994 by the BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Trace Gas Biogeochemistry (TGB)-01

team. The values represent the average/mean flux from five values taken at 20-minute intervals.

1.3 Objective/Purpose

The purpose of these measurements was to examine the trace gas exchange between the

atmosphere and the boreal soils.

Page 1
1.4 Summary of Parameters

CH4 and CO2 chamber fluxes were measured at the NSA OJP, YJP, OBS, and BP sites.

Temperatures of the chamber, 1-cm soil depth, and 10-cm soil depth were recorded at the OJP, YJP,

and OBS (Patrick Crill) sites. At the OBS (Dean Moosavi) and BP sites, temperatures at 5-, 10-, and

20-cm soil depths were recorded.

1.5 Discussion

The chamber flux data are provided in American Standard Code for Information Interchange

(ASCII) comma-delimited text files. The data are a compilation of measurements from the aluminum

chamber and collar sites at OJP, YJP, and OBS (Patrick Crill) and the plastic chamber and collar sites

at OBS (Dean Moosavi) and BP sites. Another part of the data is a diurnal study completed

08-Jul- 1994 and 09-Ju1-1994 at the BP plastic collar and chamber sites.

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS TGB-01 CH4 Tower flux data over NSA

BOREAS TGB-01 Soil CH4 and CO2 concentration data over the NSA

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

Dr. Patrick M. Crill

Research Associate Professor

University of New Hampshire

2.2 Title of Investigation

Magnitude and Control of Trace Gas Exchange in Boreal Ecosystems

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Dr. Patrick M. Crill

Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space

Complex Systems Research Center

University of New Hampshire

Durham, NH 03824

(603) 862-3519

(603) 862-0188 (fax)

Contact 2:

Sadredin C. Moosavi

Graduate Student

Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space

Complex Systems Research Center

University of New Hampshire

Durham, NH 03824

(603) 862-2927

(603) 862-0188 (fax)

Page 2
Contact 3:

RuthK. Varner

ResearchScientist

Institutefor theStudyof Earth,Oceans,andSpace

ComplexSystemsResearchCenter

Universityof New Hampshire

Durham,NH 03824

(603)862-2939

(603)862-0188(fax)

Contact 4:

JeffreyA. Newcomer

RaytheonITSS

Code923

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt,MD 20771

(301)286-7858

(301)286-0239(fax)

Jeffrey.Newcomer@gsfc.nasa.gov

3. Theory of Measurements

Chamber fluxes measure the changes in the mixing ratio of trace gases (CO2 and CH4) in a closed

headspace over a period of time. This headspace is isolated from the atmosphere; therefore, the

exchange of material between the covered soil and the headspace can be quantified.

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

CH4 was quantified with a Shimadzu GC-14A Gas Chromatograph (GC) or a Shimadzu

GC-MINI2 with a flame ionization detector (FID) operated at 125 °C after separation on a HayeSepQ

column at 40 °C using ultrapure (99.999%) N2 as a carrier gas flowing at 30 mL/min. CO2 was

quantified with a Shimadzu GC-14A with a thermal conductivity detector (TCD) operated at 70 °C after

separation on a HayeSepQ column at 40 °C using ultrapure (99.999%) He as a carrier gas flowing at

30 mL/min. The oven temperature during sample analysis was run at 130 °C and the detector at 300 °C.

Analog signals (0-1 V) from the detectors were digitized at 10 Hz with a Hewlett Packard (HP)

35000D A/D board and quantified and logged using HP ChemStation software. Chamber fluxes were

accomplished with aluminum chambers manufactured at the University of New Hampshire and

designed by Patrick Crill.

4.1.1 Collection Environment

The chamber fluxes were collected under ambient conditions. The GC analysis was completed at

the Hayes Road Lab in Thompson, Manitoba.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

Ground.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

The mission objective was to determine the soil-surface exchange rates of CI-I4 and CO2 at the

NSA OJP, YJP, OBS, and BP sites.

Page 3
4.1.4 Key Variables

ThekeyvariablesmeasuredduringthesamplingperiodwereCI_ andCO2fluxes.TheOBSsite

wasdividedintotwo differentsetsof data.In theSITE_COLLAR,aC denotestheOBSsitewhere

PatrickCrill measuredfluxeswith aluminumchambersandcollars.An M denotestheOBSsitewhere

DeanMoosavimeasuredfluxeswithplasticchambersandcollars.Plasticchambersandcollarswere

alsousedattheBPsite.Soilprofile temperatureswerealsorecorded.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

The Shimadzu GC-14A GC is equipped with a hydrogen FID and a TCD. The FID is used to

detect CH4, while the TCD is used to detect CO2. The FID uses a hydrogen flame in an air atmosphere

to burn components as they exit the column. In the flame, carbon-carbon bonds are fragmented so that

various organic ions and free electrons exist. Application of a voltage across a collector electrode over

the flame causes an ion current to flow, which is amplified and then measured as the output signal.

The TCD detects CO2 by passing a sample, in a helium carrier gas, past metallic filaments with

current flowing through them. The sample components with lower thermal conductivity than the

helium carrier gas raise the filament temperature when they pass through. The signal output from the

TCD is a measurement of the change in filament resistance caused by the temperature rise. The signal

output from both the FID and TCD is for a data processor, integrator, recorder, or computer

(Instruction Manual: GC-14A; Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). The GC-MINI2 was equipped

with a FID and operated in the same manner as the GC-14A FID.

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

Not applicable.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

Manufacturer of GC-14A FID/TCD, GC-MINI2, and GC-8A ECD

Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc.

7102 Riverwood Drive

Columbia, MD 21046

(410) 381-1227

4.2 Calibration

4.2.1 Specifications

None given.

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

The sensitivity of the TCD is approximately 6000 mV ml/mg. The FID's maximum sensitivity is 3

x 10 12 g/s for diphenyl.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

The instrument is calibrated on a daily basis. Standards are run generally before and after samples

on a given day of analysis.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

Signal peaks from the detectors were quantified with working standards calibrated against

Canadian Atmospheric Environment Services (AES) certified primary standards acquired by the

BOREAS project and a CO2/CH4 standard of Niwot Ridge air prepared by the National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL).

Uncertainty in the standards' analyses on a given day ranged from 0.1 to 0.2%.

Page 4
5. Data Acquisition Methods

The chamber fluxes are determined by analysis of concentrations of methane (CHIn) and carbon dioxide

(CO2) in a time series of grab samples of headspace over the ground surface enclosed by a dark

aluminum chamber. The volumes of the two aluminum chambers were 0.071 and 0.120 m3 over an

area of 0.397 m2. The aluminum chamber was placed on the trough of an aluminum collar embedded

in the ground. Water was added to the trough of the collar to create an airtight seal. The volume of the

plastic chambers was 0.028 m3 over an area of 0.078 m2. The seal between chamber and collar was

made using weather stripping or water as appropriate. Five 60-mL samples were removed from the

headspace with polypropylene syringes and polycarbonate/nylon stopcocks at 4-minute intervals for 20

minutes (five samples). Samples were returned to the Hayes Road lab and analyzed for CO2 and CH4

using gas chromatography within 12 hours after collection.

6. Observations

6.1 Data Notes

None given.

6.2 Field Notes

For data collected by Patrick Crill:

• 25-May-94- Fans in chambers not working at OBS. Can't use the data.

• 29-May-94- Fan in chamber not working after 20 minutes in OJPA2 flux; no fan for the

OJPM2 flux; no fan for the OJP1 and 2 fluxes.

• 01-Jun-94- No fan for OBS12 flux.

• 20-Jun-94- Thermometer probe outside of chamber for collar OBS 1.

• 10-Jul-94- One chamber had been filled with water and therefore the fan and temperature

probe aren't working. Used it with collars YJP1, OJPA1, OJPL2, OJPM1, and OJPM2.

• 16-Jul-94- No temperature still in one chamber at OJP and YJP.

• 23-Jul-94- No temperature still in one chamber at OJP and YJP; Collar YJP2 syringe number

4 lost its stopcock.

• 30-Jul-94- No temperature still in one chamber at OJP and YJP.

• 01-Aug-94- Very hot, using silver mylar to reflect sun on half of the flux chambers to see if it

effects temperature change in chamber...it doesn't heat up as much as chambers without cover

by about 10 °C.

• 07-Aug-94- Fixed chamber thermometer for first few fluxes; then it went bad again.

• 08-Aug-94- No fan for collar OBS 10 flux; no temperatures for OBS8, OBS6, OBS11,

OBS4, and OBS2

• 12-Aug-94- No temperature still in one chamber at OJP and YJP.

• 19-Aug-94- No temperature still in one chamber at OJP and YJP.

For data taken by Dean Moosavi:

• 19-May-94- Experiments halted due to chamber hardware problems.

• 20-May-94- Screw missing in chamber for flux at collar OBS 1; therefore, there was a hole in

chamber during the flux. Fixed with duct tape.

• 26-May-94- Problems with collar at collar BP29.

• 04-Jun-94- Water levels in the fen have dropped 5-10 cm from season beginning at OBS.

• 10-Jun-94- Carex and other vegetation have sprouted. Larch are out.

• 20-Jun-94- Temperature probe dead!

• 21-Jun-94- Fans did not work for collars 19 and 20 at BP.

• 30-Jun-94- BP- Bear attack on equipment! Collar 23 pulled up and moved 5 yards. Minor

tooth damage. Collar 18 destroyed. Lichen thermocouple uprooted and destroyed. Pond and

dam level have dropped 10 cm leaving collars above the water level.

Page 5
02-Aug-94-BP-Moosesteppedin collar24!

21-Aug-94-Senescencebeginning.

24-Aug-94-Dueto problemswith yesterday'ssamples.BPanddamwereresampledoff

collarin vicinity of site.

31-Aug-94-BPanddamfluxestakennextto (NOTon) collars.

13-Sep-94-BPcollars25-32fluxestakennear(noton) collars.

14-Sep-94-All collarsandchambersremoved!

7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

Descriptions of the sites and their North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) coordinates are:

• The collars at the OJP tower site and profile sampling sites were located on moss plots that

were approximately northwest of the tower, while the profile corral was located a few meters

south of the collars (55o55'43.2 '' N, 98o37'29.4 '' W).

• The collars at the OJP site located on lichen plots were due west of the tower; the profile

trench was located about 1 m southeast of the collars (55o55'40.9 '' N, 98o37'29.3 '' W).

• The collars at the YJP tower site were located southeast of the tower; the gas profile corral

was located approximately 1 m west of the collars (55o53'42.8 '' N, 98°17'12.7 '' W).

• The collars at the OBS tower site were located along a low to high moisture gradient from the

lichen to the feathermoss, the fen rim, and ending at the fen site. The lichen and the feather

moss collars were located along the boardwalk approximately 200 m northeast of the tower.

The fen rim and fen site collars were located due east of the lichen and feather moss sites

about 150 m and 200 m respectively.

For data collected by Dean Moosavi:

• The collars and profile sampling sites near the OBS tower were located as follows: the OBS

sampling collars were located along a moisture gradient from feathermoss and lichen sites to

the fen rim site and ending with the fen sites. The transect ran approximately east to west and

was located about 200 m northeast of the tower at the OBS site.

• The collars and profile sampling sites at the BP tower site were located as follows: the BP

sampling sites were located along a low to high moisture gradient that began with the upland

lichen site, then the sphagnum moss site, the mire site, and ending at the pond site. The

transect ran approximately north to south and was about 60 m from the BP tower.

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not available.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

Four collars were placed in the ground for each biome type. They were approximately 1 to 2 m

apart depending on the site specifics. In Section 7.3.3, the cover type refers to the predominant

vegetation in the collar. These are point source measurements at the locations given in Section 7.1.1.

7.1.4 Projection

Not applicable.

7.1.5 Grid Description

Not applicable.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

Page 6
7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

Chamber fluxes were measured from 16-May-1994 through 13-Sep-1994. One diurnal study was

conducted at eight collars on 08- and 09-Jul-1994 at the BP site.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

Not available.

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

The chamber fluxes were measured approximately every 7 days from 23-May-1994 to

20-Sep- 1994.

7.3 Data Characteristics

7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

CO2 FLUX

CH4 FLUX

COVER TYPE

SOIL TEMP ICM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

COLLAR ID

CO2 CONC

CO2 CONC 2

CH4 CONC

CH4 CONC 2

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS, in

the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG, or

TRN; TTT identifies the cover type for the

site (999 if unknown); and CCCCC is the

identifier for site (exactly what it means will

vary with site type).

The identifier assigned to the subsite by

BOREAS, in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is

the group associated with the subsite

instrument (e.g., HYD06 or STAFF), and IIIII is

the identifier for the subsite, (often this will

Page 7
DATE OBS

TIME OBS

CO2 FLUX

CH4 FLUX

COVER TYPE

SOIL TEMP ICM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

COLLAR ID

CO2 CONC

CO2 CONC 2

CH4 CONC

CH4 CONC 2

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

refer to an instrument).

The date on which the data were collected.

The Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) when the data were

collected.

Carbon dioxide flux.

Methane flux.

The dominant species, vegetation, or type of land

cover that exists at the location.

Soil temperature at l-cm depth.

Soil temperature at 5-cm depth.

Soil temperature at 10-cm depth.

Soil temperature at 20-cm depth.

A TGB-01 designation for the chamber collar

sites, in the form of A-BBB-##, where A = C or M

(Crill or Moosavi), BBB denotes the site and

possibly microtopographic designation, and ## is

a sequention collar number.

CO2 concentration.

CO2 concentration.

CH4 concentration.

CH4 concentration.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are Checked by PI (CPI), Certified

by Group (CGR), Preliminary (PRE), and CPI

but questionable (CPI-???) .

The most recent date that the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The measurement units for the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Units

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

CO2 FLUX

CH4 FLUX

COVER TYPE

SOIL TEMP ICM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

COLLAR ID

CO2 CONC

CO2 CONC 2

CH4 CONC

CH4 CONC 2

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

[none]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

[HHMM GMT]

[micromoles] [meter-2] [second-l]

[micromoles] [meter-2] [second-l]

[none]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[degrees Celsius]

[none]

[parts per million]

[parts per million]

[parts per million]

[parts per million]

[none]

[DD-MON-YY]

Page 8
7.3.4 Data Source

The sources of the parameter values contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Data Source

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

CO2 FLUX

CH4 FLUX

COVER TYPE

SOIL TEMP ICM

SOIL TEMP 5CM

SOIL TEMP 10CM

SOIL TEMP 20CM

COLLAR ID

CO2 CONC

CO2 CONC 2

CH4 CONC

CH4 CONC 2

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

Not applicable

Not applicable

Investigator

Investigator

Calculated by investigator

Calculated by investigator

Determined by investigator

Thermocouple

Thermocouple

Thermocouple

Thermocouple

Thermocouple

Shimadzu GC-14A

Shimadzu GC-14A

Shimadzu GC-14A

Shimadzu GC-14A

Shimadzu GC-14A

Shimadzu GC-14A

7.3.5 Data Range

The following table gives information about the parameter values found in the data files on the

CD-ROM.

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SITE NAME NSA-BVP-FLXTR NSA-YJP-FLXTR None None None None

SUB SITE TGB01-FLX01 TGB01-FLX01 None None None None

DATE OBS 16-MAY-94 13-SEP-94 None None None None

TIME OBS 0 2316 None None None None

CO2 FLUX -3.9236111 10.6365741 -999 -888 None None

CH4 FLUX -0.0062153 2.4537037 -999 -888 None None

COVER TYPE N/A N/A None None None None

SOIL TEMP ICM 1 40.3 -999 None None Blank

SOIL TEMP 5CM 2.8 28.4 -999 None None Blank

SOIL TEMP 10CM -i 23.1 -999 None None None

SOIL TEMP 20CM -1.9 99.7 -999 None None Blank

COLLAR ID C-OBS-01 M-OBS-w-16 None None None None

CO2 CONC 363.5 472.5 None None None Blank

CO2 CONC 2 364 504.3 -999 None None Blank

CH4 CONC 1.945 2.319 None None None Blank

CH4 CONC 2 2.066 2.262 -999 None None Blank

CRTFCN CODE PRE CPI None None None None

REVISION DATE 23-AUG-96 14-JAN-97 None None None None

Minimum Data Value -- The minimum value found in the column.

Maximum Data Value -- The maximum value found in the column.

Missng Data Value -- The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

Page 9
Unrel Data Value

Below Detect Limit

Data Not Cllctd

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

-- The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

to indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel deemed the

value to be unreliable.

-- The value that indicates parameter values below the

instrument's detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation.

-- This value indicates that no attempt was made to

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BOREAS Information System (BORIS) staff

combined several similar but not identical data sets into

the same data base table but this particular science team

did not measure that parameter.

Blank -- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

N/A -- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

None -- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

7.4 Sample Data Record

The following are wrapped versions of data records from a sample data file on the CD-ROM.

SITE NAME,SUB SITE,DATE OBS,TIME OBS,CO2 FLUX,CH4 FLUX,COVER TYPE,SOIL TEMP ICM,

SOIL TEMP 5CM, SOIL TEMP 10CM, SOIL TEMP 20CM, COLLAR ID,CO2 CONC,CO2 CONC 2,

CH4 CONC,CH4 CONC 2,CRTFCN CODE, REVISION DATE

'NSA-BVP-FLXTR', 'TGBOI-FLXOI',O2-AUG-94,1716,-888,-888, 'Mire',16.4,15.6,14.3,

'M-BP-mc-26', 'CPI, '13-JAN-97

8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest unit of data is the CO 2 and CH4 fluxes measured on a particular date at a particular

site.

8.2 Data Format(s)

The Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) files contain American Standard Code for

Information Interchange (ASCII) numerical and character fields of varying length separated by

commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between

the fields.

Each data file on the CD-ROM has four header lines of Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML)

code at the top. When viewed with a Web browser, this code displays header information (data set

title, location, date, acknowledgments, etc.) and a series of HTML links to associated data files and

related data sets. Line 5 of each data file is a list of the column names, and line 6 and following lines

contain the actual data.

Page 10
9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

Rf = Cstd/Astd

Cs = Rf * As

Where: Rf = Response factor

Astd = Average of 10 standard peak areas

Cstd = Concentration of the standard

Cs = Concentration of the sample

As = Peak area of sample

CH4 and CO2 concentrations were calculated from the average of 10 peak areas of known CH4 and

CO2 standards. The response factor was calculated as the concentration of the known standard divided

by the average of 10 standard peak areas. The peak area of the unknown sample was multiplied by the

response factor. Fitting a regression curve to the time series of CI-I4 and CO2 concentrations made the

flux calculations. The flux rate of a gas is calculated using the following equation:

F= ppmv/min*(P/R*MW)* 1/T*Vc/Ac*C

Where: F = flux (mg/m2/d)

P = Chamber pressure (atm)

R = 8.2054 x 10 5 m3 atm/mol/K

MW = Molecular weight of the analyte

T = Chamber temperature (K)

Vc = Chamber volume (m3)

Ac = Chamber area (m2)

C = (1000 mg/g* 1440 mirdd)

Gases: CH4 = 16 g/mol

CO2 = 44 g/mol

At sites where oxidation of CH4 occurs, the flux starts at or near ambient CH4 concentrations and is

depleted below ambient concentrations. If the correlation coefficients were not significantly high, the

flux was determined to be below the detection limit and was regarded as a zero flux rate. If there was

an efflux of CI-h was measured at any of these sites, those data were eliminated.

For sites where CH4 and CO2 were known to have a positive flux (from the soil into the

atmosphere) the regressions of the time series were expected to have an r2 of greater than 0.85.

If -888 is present in the data set, it indicates that a measurement was taken but discarded for some

reason. If -999 is present, then no data were taken.

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

Not applicable.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

Not applicable.

9.2.1 Processing Steps

The peak areas were taken directly from the HP ChemStation reports from the GC. They were

entered into spreadsheets and the concentrations were calculated by the formulas in Section 9.1. The

spreadsheets then automatically calculate the flux using the formulas.

Page 11
9.2.2 Processing Changes

None given.

9.3 Calculations

Not applicable.

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

Not applicable.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

Not applicable.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

Field sampling error could account for some error in the concentration of the syringe samples:

• Not flushing the sampling line from the chamber before sampling could cause dilution of the

sample with air from the last sampling time.

• Not completely closing the syringes or allowing them to come open during transport will

cause dilution from ambient air.

• Placing the chamber down with much force can change the pressure inside the chamber to

other than ambient and can affect the mechanisms and processes producing/taking up CIq< and

CO2.

Errors such as these would have been written down in the lab/field books, and those data therefore

would have been edited out. The analytical precision of the GCs is 0.2% for CIq< and 1% for CO2.

10.2 Quality Assessment

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

None given.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

None given.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

The analytical precision of the GCs is 0.2% for CH4 and 1% for CO2.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

Not applicable.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

Data were examined for general consistency and clarity.

Page 12
11.1 Limitations of the Data

None given.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

See notes under Section 6.

11.3 Usage Guidance

None given.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None given.

11. Notes

12. Application of the Data Set

The chamber flux data can be used in connection with the tower flux data to determine the CH4 and

CO2 exchange between the atmosphere and the boreal soils. The soil profile data can be used in

comparison with the flux data to determine controls on the fluxes for a certain biome.

None.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

14. Software

14.1 Software Description

HP ChemStation.

14.2 Software Access

HP ChemStation can be purchased from Hewlett Packard.

15. Data Access

The TGB-01 NSA CH4 and CO2 chamber flux data are available from the Earth Observing System

Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active

Archive Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

Page 13
15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

These data are available on the BOREAS CD-ROM series.

17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

Instruction Manual: GC-14A. Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,

A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM.

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B.

Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D. Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal

ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year.

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9): 1549-1577.

Page 14
Sellers,P.J.,F.G.Hall, R.D.Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi,J. Berry, M. Ryan,K.J. Ranson,P.M.

Crill, D.P.Lettenmaier,H. Margolis,J.Cihlar, J.Newcomer,D. Fitzjarrald,P.G.Jarvis,S.T.

Gower,D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison,D.E.Wickland, andF.E.Guertin.1997.BOREAS

in 1997:ExperimentOverview,ScientificResultsandFutureDirections.Journalof Geophysical

Research102(D24):28,731-28,770.

17.3 Archive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None given.

AES

ASCII

BOREAS

BORIS

BP

CD-ROM

CGR

CMDL

CPI

18. Glossary of Terms

19. List of Acronyms

- Atmospheric Environment Services

- American Standard Codes for Information

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Beaver Pond site, NSA

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Certified by Group

- Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory

- Certified by PI

CPI-??? - Certified but questionable

DAAC

ECD

EOS

EOSDIS

FID

GC

GIS

GMT

GSFC

HP

HTML

NAD 83

NASA

NOAA

NSA

OBS

OJP

ORNL

PANP

PRE

SSA

TCD

TGB

URL

YJP

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Electron Capture Detector

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Flame Ionization Detector

- Gas Chromatograph

- Geographic Information System

- Greenwich Mean Time

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- Hewlett Packard

- HyperText Markup Language

- North American Datum of 1983

- National Aeronautics and Space Administration

- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

- Northern Study Area

- Old Black Spruce

- Old Jack Pine

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Preliminary

- Southern Study Area

- Thermal Conductivity Detector

- Trace Gas Biogeochemistry

- Uniform Resource Locator

- Young Jack Pine site, NSA

Page 15
20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Dates

Written:

Last Updated: 08-Jun- 1999

20.2 Document Review Dates

BORIS Review: 21-Oct- 1997

Science Review:

20.3 Document ID

20.4 Citation

When using these data, please contact the investigators listed in Section 2.3 and cite any relevant

papers in Section 17.2.

If using data from the BOREAS CD-ROM series, also reference the data as:

Crill, P.M., "Magnitude and Control of Trace Gas Exchange in Boreal Ecosystems." In Collected

Data of The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. Eds. J. Newcomer, D. Landis, S. Conrad, S.

Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T.

Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

Also, cite the BOREAS CD-ROM set as:

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. Collected Data of

The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 16
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

November 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TGB- 1 NSA CH 4 and CO 2 Chamber Flux Data

6. AUTHOR(S)

Patrick Crill and Ruth K. Vamer

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

923

RTOP: 923-462-33-01

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 219

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

P. Crill and R.K. Varner: University of New Hampshire, Durham;

S.K. Conrad: Raytheon ITSS

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TGB-1 team made methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) dark chamber flux measurements at the NSA-OJP, NSA-OBS, NSA-BP, and NSA-YJP sites from 16-May-1994 through 13-

Sep-1994. Gas samples were extracted approximately every 7 days from dark chambers and analyzed

at the NSA lab facility. The data are provided in tabular ASCII files.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, trace gas biogeochemistry.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

16

16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

UL

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)

Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18

298-102