NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 218

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

Volume 218

BOREAS TGB-1 Soil CH 4 and CO 2

Profile Data from NSA Tower Sites

Patrick Crill and Ruth K. Varner

University of New Hampshire, Durham

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010022799 2018-05-15T06:40:37+00:00Z
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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 218

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

Volume 218

BOREAS TGB-1 Soil CH 4 and CO 2

Profile Data from NSA Tower Sites

Patrick Crill and Ruth K. Varner

University of New Hampshire, Durham

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS TGB-1 Soil CH4 and CO2 Profile Data from NSA Tower

Patrick M. Crill, Ruth K. Varner

Summary

The BOREAS TGB-1 team made numerous measurements of trace gas concentrations and fluxes at

various NSA sites. This data set contains methane (CI_) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in

soil profiles from the NSA-OJP, NSA-OBS, NSA-YJP, and NSA-BP sites during the period of

23-May to 20-Sep-1994. The soil gas sampling profiles of CH4 and CO2 were completed to quantify

controls on CO2 and CH4 fluxes in the boreal forest. The data are provided in tabular ASCII files.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document In_brmation

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TGB-01 Soil CH4 and CO2 Profile Data from NSA Tower Sites

1.2 Data Set Introduction

The Trace Gas Biogeochemistry (TGB)-01 team took soil gas profiles at the BOReal

Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Northern Study Area (NSA) Old Jack Pine (OJP), Young

Jack Pine (YJP), Old Black Spruce (OBS), and Beaver Pond (BP) sites during the growing season of

1994. Some of the soil samplers were placed in the ground during the summer of 1993 to ensure

equilibration. Portable samplers were used at sites where no permanent soil gas samplers were

installed. The soil gas samples were analyzed for CO2 and CH4. At some of the OBS and BP sites, the

soil/peat was saturated. At these sites, water samples were taken and analyzed for CI_ and CO2.

1.3 Objective/Purpose

Soil gas sampling profiles of CH4 and CO2 were completed to quantify controls on C02 and CH4

fluxes in the boreal forest.

Page 1
1.4 Summary of Parameters

The data contain measurements of the soil pore concentrations of CH4 and CO2. The data were

measured at the soil surface and at different depths (5-93 cm below the surface) at the various

locations. Most of the profiles correspond with collar flux measurements.

1.5 Discussion

The soil gas profiles were taken at varying depths from 0 to 93 cm below the surface, where the

surface (0 cm) is designated as the top of the vegetated ground cover. At some sites, groups of

samplers were permanently embedded in the ground to ensure consistency of sampling location. The

OBS site was divided into two different sets of data: one with aluminum chambers, and one with

plastic chambers. The OBS site where Patrick Crill (TGB-01) measured fluxes with aluminum

chambers and collars had permanent samplers associated with each aluminum collar flux measurement.

The OBS site where Dean Moosavi (TGB-01) measured fluxes with plastic chambers and collars had

soil gas profiles taken with a portable sipper associated with each of the plastic collar flux

measurements. Moosavi also measured the BP site fluxes, and the associated profiles were measured

with a portable sipper. The OJP site had a nest of permanent sippers associated with each aluminum

flux collar. The YJP site had only one nest of permanent sippers; therefore, it was to be associated

with all aluminum collar flux measurements at that site.

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS TGB-01 CO2 and CH4 Chamber Flux Data over the NSA

BOREAS TGB-03 CO2 and CH4 Chamber Flux Data over the NSA

BOREAS TGB-05 CO2 and CH4 Chamber Flux Data over the NSA

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

Dr. Patrick M. Crill

Research Associate Professor

University of New Hampshire

2.2 Title of Investigation

Magnitude and Control of Trace Gas Exchange in Boreal Ecosystems

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Dr. Patrick M. Crill

Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space

Complex Systems Research Center

University of New Hampshire

Durham, NH 03824

(603) 862-3519

(603) 862-0188 (fax)

Contact 2:

Sadredin C. Moosavi

Graduate Student

Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space

Complex Systems Research Center

University of New Hampshire

Durham, NH 03824

(603) 862-2927

(603) 862-0188 (fax)

Page 2
Contact 3:

RuthK. Varner

ResearchScientist

Institutefor theStudyof Earth,Oceans,andSpace

ComplexSystemsResearchCenter

Universityof New Hampshire

Durham,NH 03824

(603)862-2939

(603)862-0188(fax)

Contact 4:

JeffreyA. Newcomer

RaytheonITSS

Code923

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt,MD 20771

(301)286-7858

(301)286-0239(fax)

Jeffrey.Newcomer@gsfc.nasa.gov

3. Theory of Measurements

CH4 and CO2 measurements of soil pore gas and/or water can provide constraints and implications for

flux controls at the surface (Crill, 1991). The profile measurements will enable the scientist to

determine if the uptake/flux is occurring in a particular soil depth range.

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

Shimadzu GC-14A, FID and TCD

CO 2 was quantified with a Shimadzu GC-14A Gas Chromatograph (GC) with a thermal

conductivity detector (TCD) operated at 70 °C after separation on a HayeSepQ column at 40 °C using

ultra-pure (99.999%) He as a carrier gas flowing at 30 mL/min. CH4 was quantified with a Shimadzu

GC- 14A or a Shimadzu GC-MINI2 with a flame ionization detector (FID) operated at 125 °C after

separation on a HayeSepQ column at 40 °C using ultra-pure (99.999%) N2 as a carrier gas flowing at

30 mL/min. Analog signals (0-1 V) from the detectors were digitized at 10 Hertz (Hz) with a Hewlett

Packard (HP) 35000D A/D board and quantified and logged using HP ChemStation software.

4.1.1 Collection Environment

Samples were collected under ambient conditions.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

Soil and water.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

The mission objective was to quantify the CO 2 and CH4 soil profile concentrations present in the

boreal forest NSA.

4.1.4 Key Variables

CH4 and CO2 concentrations were the key variables measured at different depths in the soil or peat

profile.

Page 3
4.1.5 Principles of Operation

The Shimadzu GC-14A is equipped with a hydrogen FID and a TCD. The FID is used to measure

CH4, while the TCD is used to quantify CO2. The FID uses a hydrogen flame in an air atmosphere to

burn components as they exit the column. In the flame, carbon-carbon bonds are fragmented so that

various organic ions and free electrons exist. Application of a voltage across a collector electrode over

the flame causes an ion current to flow, which is amplified and then measured as the output signal. The

TCD elutes CO2 by flowing a sample in a helium carrier gas past metallic filaments with current

flowing through them. The sample components with lower thermal conductivity than the helium carrier

gas raise the filament temperature when they pass through. The signal output from the TCD is a

measurement of the change in filament resistance caused by the temperature rise. The signal output

from both the FID and TCD is for a data processor, integrator, recorder, or computer (Instruction

Manual: GC-14A; Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan). The GC-MINI2 was equipped with a FID

and operated in the same manner as the GC-14A FID.

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

Not applicable.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

Manufacturer of GC-14A FID/TCD and GC-MINI2

Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc.

7102 Riverwood Drive

Columbia, MD 21046

(410) 381-1227

The investigator manufactured the samplers.

4.2 Calibration

Signal peaks from the detectors were quantified with working standards calibrated against

Canadian AES (Canadian Atmospheric Environment Services) certified primary standards acquired by

the BOREAS project and a CO2/CH4 standard of Niwot Ridge air prepared by National Oceans and

Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL).

4.2.1 Specifications

None given.

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

The sensitivity of the TCD is approximately 6,000 mV mL/mg. The FID's maximum sensitivity is

3 x 10 12 grams/second for diphenyl.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

The instrument was calibrated on a daily basis. Standards were run generally before and after

samples on a given day of analysis.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

Signal peaks from the detectors were quantified with working standard calibrated against Canadian

Atmospheric Environment Services (AES) certified primary standards acquired by the BOREAS

project and a CO2/CH4 standard of Niwot Ridge air prepared by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration (NOAA) Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL).

Page 4
5. Data Acquisition Methods

Soil profile samples were taken from different depths at the YJP, OJP lichen and moss, and OBS

(Patrick Crill) sites with soil gas samplers (sippers) installed in August 1993. The sippers are

fabricated from 50 cm of high-efficiency stainless steel 1/8-inch tubing with small holes drilled along

the last 10 cm. A hole was dug in the ground, and the stainless steel tubing was placed horizontally in

the soil profile. Polypropylene tubing attached the steel tubing to the surface, and allowed for

sampling. The polypropylene tubing was fitted with a polycarbonate/nylon stopcock at the surface.

Soil air was sampled using the polycarbonate/nylon stopcock and 60-mL polypropylene syringes. A

portable soil gas sipper was used at the OBS (Dean Moosavi), BP, and OJP sites. It was constructed

with the same materials as the installed sippers. Prior to sampling, 10 mL of soil air was discarded to

avoid contamination from ambient air. After discarding the initial 10 mL of soil air, a 30-mL soil air

sample was taken. The syringes were fitted with rubber bands to prevent any leaking in of ambient air

and were transported to the lab for analysis on the GC- 14A FID/TCD and/or the MINI-2 FID.

In some cases when the soil/peat was saturated, the samples were taken as water samples. Prior to

sampling, 10 mL of soil pore water was discarded to avoid contamination from ambient air. After the

initial 10 mL of soil pore water was discarded, a 30-mL soil pore water sample was taken. In the lab,

the syringes were filled to 60 mL with ultra-high-purity nitrogen. The syringes were shaken for 2

minutes to allow the dissolved CH< and CO2 to enter the air space. This method is described by

McAuliffe, 1971. The air in the syringe was then removed from the 60-mL syringe with a 10-mL glass

syringe and run on the GC-14A FID/TCD and/or the MINI-2 FID.

6. Observations

6.1 Data Notes

No major problems with GC.

6.2 Field Notes

For the soil profiles completed with the aluminum chamber fluxes (Patrick Grill):

• 20Jun94 - OBS, soil profile at collars OBS 5 and OBS 6; couldn't draw the 30-cm sample.

• 27Jun94 - OBS, soil profile at collars OBS 5 and OBS 6; couldn't draw the 30-cm or 25-cm

samples.

• 04Ju194 - Figured out that there is permafrost at collars OBS 5 and OBS 6 at 25-30 cm.

• 04Ju194 - No 30-cm sample at collars OBS 7 and OBS 8.

• 04Ju194 - No 30-cm sample at collars OBS 9 and OBS 10.

• 10Ju194 - No 30-cm sample at YJP; too rocky.

• 16Ju194 - No 25- or 30-cm samples at YJP; too rocky.

• 20Ju194 - Permafrost at OBS collar 5 at 25 and 30 cm; permafrost at OBS collar 9 at 20, 25,

and 30 cm.

• 23Ju194 - No profile samples for YJP 3.

• 26Ju194 - OBS 5 has permafrost below 15-cm; no 20-, 25-, or 30-cm samples.

• 30Ju194 - No profile samples at YJP 1 or YJP 3.

• 01Aug94 - OBS 5 still has permafrost below 20 cm.

• 07Aug94 - No profile samples after 15 cm at YJP 1; no profile samples for YJP 3.

• 08Aug94 - OBS 5 has permafrost below 25 cm.

• 14Aug94 - All profiles complete from OBS; no permafrost at 5 anymore!

• 30Aug94 - OBS 5 and OBS 6 show water at 20 cm in soil profile.

• 30Aug94 - OBS 9 and OBS 10 show water at 30 cm in soil profile.

Page 5
Forthesoilprofilescompletedwiththeplasticchamberfluxes(DeanMoosavi):

• 16May94- OJPmosssiteprofile frozenat 13-and24-cmdepths.

• 19May94- BPprofiles:collar19frozenbelow25cm; collar21frozenbelow10cm; collar27

frozenbelow20cm.

• 20May94- OBScollar6 frozenbelow10cm;OBScollar8frozenbelow20cm.

• 22May94- OJPmossprofilefrozenat 13and24cm.

• 25May94- OBScollar9frozenbelow15cm;OBScollar8frozenbelow25cm;OBScollar6

frozenbelow15cm;OBScollar1profilefrozenbelow20cm.

• 26May94- BPcollar22frozenbelow10cm;BPcollar 19frozenbelow10cm;thepondand

mire siteshadwateratthesurface,sotheentireprofileswerewatersamples.

• 27May94- OBSlichensiteprofilefrozenbelow15cm;OBSwatersiteprofile frozenbelow

15cm;OBScoastprofilefrozenbelow15cm;OBScollars13-16werewaterprofiles.

• 31May94- BPlichenprofilefrozenbelow15cm;thepondandmire siteshadwateratthe

surface,sotheentireprofileswerewatersamples.

• 01Jun94- OBSlichenprofile frozenbelow20cm;OBSlichenprofilefrozenbelow20cm;

OBScollars13-16profileswerewatersamplesbelow5 cm.

• 04Jun94- OBScoastprofile frozenbelow20cm;OBSwaterprofilefrozenbelow25cm.

• 08Jun94- OBScoastprofile frozenbelow20cm;OBSmossprofile frozenbelow25cm;

OBSlichenprofilefrozenbelow25cm;OBS13-16profileswerewatersamplesbelow5 cm.

• 10Jun94- BPlichenprofilefrozenbelow33cm;BP mossprofile frozenbelow25cm.

• 16Jun94- BPcollars21-24hadwaterbelow 10cm;BPcollars25-28hadwaterthroughout

theprofile;BPcollars29-32hadwaterthroughouttheprofile.

• 20Jun94- OBSmossprofile frozenbelow25cm;OBScoastprofile frozenbelow25cm;

OBScollars1-4hadwaterbelow25cm;OBScollars5-8hadwaterbelow25cm;OBS

collars9-12hadwaterbelow30cm;OBScollars13-16hadwaterthroughouttheprofile.

• 21Jun94- BPlichenprofile frozenbelow30cm;BPcollars21-24hadwaterbelow10cm;

BPcollars25-28hadwaterthroughouttheprofile;BPcollars29-32hadwaterthroughoutthe

profile.

• 28Jun94- OBScollars9-12hadwaterbelow20cm;OBScollars13-16hadwaterthroughout

theprofile.

• 30Jun94- BPcollars25-28hadwaterbelow 10cm;BPcollars29-32hadwaterbelow10

cm.

• 04Ju194 - OBS collars 9-12 had water below 20 cm; OBS collars 13-16 had water throughout

the profile.

• 08Ju194 - BP collars 21-24 had water below 15 cm; BP collars 25-28 had water throughout

the profile; BP collars 29-32 had water throughout the profile.

• 13Ju194 - OBS collars 9-12 had water below 25 cm; OBS collars 13-16 had water throughout

the profile.

• 14Ju194 - BP collars 21-24 had water below 10 cm; BP collars 25-28 had water throughout

the profile; BP collars 29-32 had water throughout the profile.

• 18Ju194 - BP collars 21-24 had water below 10 cm; BP collars 25-28 had water throughout

the profile; BP collars 29-32 had water throughout the profile.

• 20Ju194 - OBS collars 9-12 had water below 25 cm; OBS collars 13-16 had water throughout

the profile.

• 25Ju194 - BP collars 21-24 had water below 10 cm; BP collars 25-28 had water throughout

the profile; BP collars 29-32 had water throughout the profile.

• 27Ju194 - OBS collars 9-12 had water below 30 cm; OBS collars 13-16 had water throughout

the profile.

• 01Aug94 - OBS collars 9-12 had water below 30 cm; OBS collars 13-16 had water

throughout the profile.

• 02Aug94 - BP collars 21-24 had water below 10 cm; BP collars 25-28 had water throughout

the profile; BP collars 29-32 had water throughout the profile.

• 23Aug94 - BP collars 21-24 had water below 20 cm; BP collars 25-28 had water throughout

the profile; BP collars 29-32 had water throughout the profile.

Page 6
30Aug94- OBScollars9-12hadwaterbelow25cm;OBScollars13-16hadwaterbelow 10

cm.

31Aug94 - BP collars 21-24 had water below 20 cm; BP collars 25-28 had water throughout

the profile; BP collars 29-32 had water throughout the profile.

05Sep94 - BP collars 21-24 had water below 15 cm; BP collars 25-28 had water throughout

the profile; BP collars 29-32 had water throughout the profile.

06Sep94 - OB S collars 9-12 had water below 25 cm; OB S collars 13-16 had water below 10

cm.

12Sep94 - OBS collars 13-16 had water below 10 cm.

13Sep94 - BP collars 25-28 had water throughout the profile; BP collars 29-32 had water

throughout the profile.

7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

The site descriptions and North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) coordinates are as follows.

For the data collected with the aluminum chamber fluxes (Patrick Crill):

• The OJP collars and profile sampling sites were located as follows: Moss collars were

approximately northwest of the tower; the profile corral was located a few meters south of the

collars (55.9287°N, 98.6248°W).

• The OJP lichen collars were due west of the tower; the profile trench was located about 1 m

southeast of the collars (55.9280°N, 98.62481 °W).

• The YJP collars were located southeast of the tower; the gas profile corral was located

approximately 1 m west of the collars (55.9286°N, 98.62019°W).

• The OBS collars were located along a low to high moisture gradient from the lichen to the

feather moss, the fen rim, and ending at the fen site. The lichen and feather moss collars were

located along the boardwalk approximately 200 m northeast of the tower. The fen rim and fen

site collars were located due east of the lichen and feather moss sites about 150 m and 200 m,

respectively.

For the soil profile data completed with the plastic chamber fluxes (Dean Moosavi):

• The OBS collars and profile sampling sites were located as follows: The OBS sampling

collars were located along a moisture gradient from feather moss and lichen sites to the fen rim

site and ending with the fen sites. The transect ran approximately east to west and was located

about 200 m northeast of the tower at the OBS site (55.88007°N, 55.88007°W).

• The BP collars and profile sampling sites were located as follows: The BP sampling sites

were located along a low to high moisture gradient that began with the upland lichen site, then

the sphagnum moss site, the mire site, and ending at the pond site. The transect runs

approximately north to south and is about 60 m from the BP tower (55.8422°N,

98.02747°W).

• Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements were taken at the sampling sites but the data

were not retrievable.

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not available.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

Four collars were placed in the ground for each biome type. They were approximately 1 to 2 m

apart depending on the site specifics. The collar_type in Section 7.3.3 refers to the dominant vegetation

in the collars.

Page 7
7.1.4 Projection

Not applicable.

7.1.5 Grid Description

Not applicable.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

Data were collected from 16-May to 20-Sep-1994.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

Not available.

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

The soil profiles were taken approximately every 7 days beginning 16-May-1994 and ending

13-Sep- 1994.

7.3 Data Characteristics

7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

CH4 CONC

CO2 CONC

SOIL DEPTH

COVER TYPE

PROFILE NUM

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS, in

the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG, or

TRN; TTT identifies the cover type for the site,

(999 if unknown); and CCCCC is the identifier

for site (exactly what it means will vary with

site type).

The identifier assigned to the subsite by BOREAS,

in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is the

group associated with the subsite instrument

(e.g., HYD06 or STAFF), and IIIII is the

identifier for the subsite (often this will refer

to an instrument).

Page 8
DATE OBS

CH4 CONC

CO2 CONC

SOIL DEPTH

COVER TYPE

PROFILE NUM

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

The date on which the data were collected.

CH4 concentration.

CO2 concentration.

The depth below the soil surface at which the

measurement was taken.

The dominant species, vegetation or type of land

cover that exists at the location.

Where the profile measurements were taken.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are Checked by PI (CPI), Certified by

Group CGR), Preliminary (PRE), and CPI but

questionable (CPI-???) .

The most recent date that the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The measurement units for the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Units

SITE NAME [none]

SUB SITE [none]

DATE OBS [DD-MON-YY]

CH4 CONC [parts per million]

CO2 CONC [parts per million]

SOIL DEPTH [millimeters]

COVER TYPE [none]

PROFILE NUM [none]

CRTFCN CODE [none]

REVISION DATE [DD-MON-YY]

7.3.4 Data Source

The sources of the parameter values contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Data Source

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

CH4 CONC

CO2 CONC

SOIL DEPTH

COVER TYPE

PROFILE NUM

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

Not Applicable

Not Applicable

Investigator

Shimadzu GC-14A, FID and TCD.

Shimadzu GC-14A, FID and TCD.

Investigator

Investigator

Investigator

Not Applicable

Not Applicable

Page 9
7.3.5 Data Range

The following table gives information about the parameter values found in the data files on the

CD-ROM.

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SITE NAME NSA-BVP-FLXTR NSA-YJP-FLXTR None None None None

SUB SITE TGB01-SPR01 TGB01-SPR07 None None None None

DATE OBS 16-MAY-94 13-SEP-94 None None None None

CH4 CONC 0 27439 -999 None None Blank

CO2 CONC 289.1 70790 -999 None None Blank

SOIL DEPTH 0 930 None None None None

COVER TYPE N/A N/A None None None Blank

PROFILE NUM M-BP-mc25 YJP None None None None

CRTFCN CODE PRE PRE None None None None

REVISION DATE 23-AUG-96 10-JAN-97 None None None None

Minimum Data Value -- The minimum value found in the column.

Maximum Data Value -- The maximum value found in the column.

Missng Data Value -- The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Unrel Data Value -- The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

to indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel deemed the

value to be unreliable.

Below Detect Limit -- The value that indicates parameter values below the

instrument's detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation.

Data Not Cllctd -- This value indicates that no attempt was made to

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BOREAS Information System (BORIS) staff

combined several similar but not identical data sets into

the same data base table but this particular science team

did not measure that parameter.

Blank -- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

N/A -- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

None -- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

7.4 Sample Data Record

The following are wrapped versions of data records from a sample data file on the CD-ROM.

SITE NAME,SUB SITE,DATE OBS,CH4 CONC,CO2 CONC,SOIL DEPTH,COVER TYPE,PROFILE NUM,

CRTFCN CODE,REVISION DATE

'NSA-BVP-FLXTR', 'TGBOI-SPRO'I,14-JUL-94,4538,40690,200, 'Mire', 'M-BP-mc25', 'CPI',

10-JAN-97

'NSA-BVP-FLXTR', 'TGBOI-SPROI',I4-JUL-94,9326,46080,250, 'Mire', 'M-BP-mc25', 'CPI',

10-JAN-97

Page 10
8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest unit of data is the CO2 and CH4 concentrations measured on a particular date at a

particular site.

8.2 Data Format(s)

The Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) files contain American Standard Code for

Information Interchange (ASCII) numerical and character fields of varying length separated by

commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between

the fields.

Each data file on the CD-ROM has four header lines of Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML)

code at the top. When viewed with a Web browser, this code displays header information (data set

title, location, date, acknowledgments, etc.) and a series of HTML links to associated data files and

related data sets. Line 5 of each data file is a list of the column names, and line 6 and following lines

contain the actual data.

9.1 Formulae

9. Data Manipulations

Rf = CstJAstd

Cs = Rf * As

Where: Rf = Response factor

Astd = Average of 10 standard peak areas

Cstd = Concentration of the standard

Cs = Concentration of the sample

As = Peak area of sample

CH4 and CO2 concentrations were calculated from the average of 10 peak areas of known CH4 and

C02 standards. The response factor was calculated as the concentration of the known standard divided

by the average of 10 standard peak areas. The peak area of the unknown sample was multiplied by the

response factor.

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

Not applicable.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

9.2.1 Processing Steps

The peak areas were taken directly from the HP ChemStation reports from the GC. They were

entered into spreadsheets, and the concentrations were calculated using the formulas in Section 9.1.1.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

Not applicable.

9.3 Calculations

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

None given.

Page 11
9.3.2 Calculated Variables

Not applicable.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None given.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

Sampling error when pulling the syringe samples could include:

• Sampling too rapidly, causing the air/water sample to be taken from the vertical direction

rather than from the depth at which the sampler was located.

• Not flushing the line before sampling, which could cause dilution of the sample with

air/water from the last sampling time.

• Not completely closing the syringes or allowing them to come open during transport, causing

dilution from ambient air.

Errors such as these would have been written down in the lab/field books, and those data therefore

would have been edited out. The analytical precision of the GCs is 0.2% for CI_ and 1% for CO2.

10.2 Quality Assessment

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

None given.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

None given.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

The analytical precision of the GCs is 0.2% for CH4 and 1% for CO2.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

None given.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

Data were examined for general consistency and clarity.

11. Notes

11.1 Limitations of the Data

The analytical precision of the GCs is 0.2% for CH4 and 1% for CO2.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

None overall; see notes under Section 6 and Section 10.

11.3 Usage Guidance

None given.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None given.

Page 12
12. Application of the Data Set

This data set may be used in comparison with the chamber flux data to determine the controls on fluxes

from these various environments.

None.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

14.1 Software Description

HP ChemStation.

14.2 Software Access

Contact Hewlett Packard.

14. Software

15. Data Access

The TGB-01 soil CH4 and CO2 profile data from NSA tower sites are available from the Earth

Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)

Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

Page 13
16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

These data are available on the BOREAS CD-ROM series.

17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

Instruction Manual: GC-14A. Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Crill, P.M. 1991. Seasonal patterns of methane uptake and carbon dioxide release by a temperate

woodland, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 5 (4), 319-334.

McAuliffe, C.C. 1971. Gas chromatographic determination of solutes by multiple phase equilibration,

Chem. Technol., 1, 46-51.

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,

A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM.

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B.

Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D. Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal

ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year.

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9): 1549-1577.

Sellers, P.J., F.G. Hall, R.D. Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi, J. Berry, M. Ryan, K.J. Ranson, P.M.

Crill, D.P. Lettenmaier, H. Margolis, J. Cihlar, J. Newcomer, D. Fitzjarrald, P.G. Jarvis, S.T.

Gower, D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison, D.E. Wickland, and F.E. Guertin. 1997. BOREAS

in 1997: Experiment Overview, Scientific Results and Future Directions. Journal of Geophysical

Research 102(D24): 28,731-28,770.

17.3 Arehive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

Page 14
Nonegiven.

18. Glossary of Terms

19. List of Acronyms

AES

ASCII

BOREAS

BORIS

BP

CD-ROM

CGR

CMDL

CPI

- Atmospheric Environment Services

- American Standard Code for Information Interchange

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Beaver Pond

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Certified by Group

- Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory

- Checked by PI

CPI-??? - CPI but questionable

DAAC

ECD

EOS

EOSDIS

FID

GC

GIS

GPS

GSFC

HP

HTML

NASA

NOAA

NSA

OBS

OJP

ORNL

PANP

PRE

SSA

TCD

TGB

URL

YJP

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Electron Capture Detector

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Flame Ionization Detector

- Gas Chromatograph

- Geographic Information System

- Global Positioning System

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- Hewlett Packard

- HyperText Markup Language

- National Aeronautics and Space Administration

- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

- Northern Study Area

- Old Black Spruce

- Old Jack Pine

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Preliminary

- Southern Study Area

- Thermal Conductivity Detector

- Trace Gas Biogeochemistry

- Uniform Resource Locator

- Young Jack Pine

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date

Written:

Last Updated: 08-Jun- 1999

20.2 Document Review Date(s)

BORIS Review: 06-Oct- 1997

Science Review: 08-May- 1998

Page 15
20.3 Document ID

20.4 Citation

When using these data, please contact the investigators listed in Section 2.3 and cite any relevant

papers in Section 17.2.

If using data from the BOREAS CD-ROM series, also reference the data as:

P.M. Crill, "Magnitude and Control of Trace Gas Exchange in Boreal Ecosystems." In Collected

Data of The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. Eds. J. Newcomer, D. Landis, S. Conrad, S.

Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T.

Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

Also, cite the BOREAS CD-ROM set as:

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. Collected Data of

The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 16
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

November 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TGB-1 Soil CH 4 and CO 2 Profile Data from NSA Tower Sites

6. AUTHOR(S)

Patrick Crill and Ruth K. Vamer

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

923

RTOP: 923-462-33-01

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 218

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

P. Crill and R.K. Varner: University of New Hampshire, Durham;

S.K. Conrad: Raytheon ITSS

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TGB-1 team made numerous measurements of trace gas concentrations and fluxes at

various NSA sites. This data set contains methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in

soil profiles from the NSA-OJP, NSA-OBS, NSA-YJP, and NSA-BP sites during the period of 23-May

to 20-Sep-1994. The soil gas sampling profiles of CH 4 and CO 2 were completed to quantify controls on

CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes in the boreal forest. The data are provided in tabular ASCII files.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, trace gas biogeochemistry.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

16

16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

UL

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)

Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18

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