UnitedStates AirAnd EPA/400/1-91/041 EnvironmentalProtection Radiation January1992 Agency (ANR-445) 

# &EPA 

# TheoreticalAnalysisof ReplacementRefrigerants forR22forResidentialUses UnitedStates AirAnd EPA/400/1-91/041 EnvironmentalProtection Radiation January1992 Agency (ANR-44S) 

# &EPA 

# TheoreticalAnalysisof ReplacementRefrigerants forR22forResidentialUses

### THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OP REPLACEMENT REPRIGERANTS POR R22 FOR RESIDBNTIAL USES Prepared for

US Environmental Protection Agency Global Change Division Office of Atmospheric and Indoor Air Programs Office of Air and Radiation

by Reinhard Radermacher and Dongsoo Jung Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742-3035

December 1991 THBORBTICAL ANALYSIS OP RBPLACEMBNT REFRIGERANTS POR R22 FOR RESIDENTIAL USES Prepared for

US Environmental Protection Agency Global Change Division Office of Atmospheric and Indoor Air Programs Office of Air and Radiation

by Reinhard Radermacher and Dongsoo Jung Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Maryland College Park, MD 20742-3035

December 1991

### Table of Contents List of Exhibits Abstract Findings 

# . . . . . . . . . 3 

### 4 5 

### 1.0 

### Background and Objective. 7


### 2.0 

### simulation Approach . . • . . . . . • . . 2.1 Computer Model

. . .. . . 2.2 

### Refrigerant Properties

. . . . .. . .. 2.3 Refrigerant Mixtures

. . . . . . 2.4 Operating Conditions

. 2.5 Capacity Modulation with Mixtures. 11 11 

### 15 15 17 

### 19 3.0 

### Seasonal Performance Evaluation 21 4.0



### 5.0

6.0 

### Results and Discussions 4.1 Performance Under Design Conditions ..• 4.2 Seasonal Performance.

.... •.. 4.3 Concentration Shift ..•..•..••... 4.4 Drop-in Application vs. New Systems ..•.• 4.5 Implications of Counter-flow Design and the Use of 

### Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Sensitivity Considerations and Accuracy

. 4.7 Gl0bal Warming Potential (GWP) and Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)

. . . . . . . . •. ... Flammability and Materials Compatibility . . . . • 5.1 Flammability

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.2 Materials Compatibility .......•••. Further Work

. 29 29 

### 37 

### 40 44 

### 45 46 48 

### 51 51 52 54 References Appendices

2 

### 55 

### Table of contents List of Exhibits Abstract Findings 1.0 

### Background and Objective

. 2

.0 

### simulation Approach

. . • . ...... • . . 2.1 Computer Model

. . . . . .. . .. . 2.2 

### Refrigerant Properties

. . . . .. . .. 2.3 Refrigerant Mixtures

. . . . . . 2.4 Operating Conditions

....... . 2.5 Capacity Modulation with Mixtures. 3.0 

### Seasonal Performance Evaluation 4.0

5.0

6.0 

### Results and Discussions 4.1 Performance Under Design Conditions ..• 4.2 Seasonal Performance

. . . . . .. • .. 4.3 Concentration Shift ..•......•... 4.4 Drop-in Application vs. New Systems ..•.• 4.5 Implications of Counter-flow Design and the Use of 

### Mixtures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.6 Sensitivity Considerations and Accuracy • 4.7 Gl0bal Warming Potential (GWP) and Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP)

. . . . . . . . .. ... Flammability and Materials Compatibility

. . . . . 5.1 Flammability

. . . . . . .•.. 5.2 Materials Compatibility .......••.•.. FUrther Work

. References Appendices

2 3 

### 4 5 7


### 11 11 

### 15 15 17 19 

### 21 29 29 

### 37 

### 40 44 

### 45 46 48 

### 51 51 52 54 55

## List of Exhibits

8



## 33 32

43 31 · 25

35

• 36

· 40

· 41

· 50 Exhibit 1: Total Clx Concentrations (1985-2000).

. Exhibit 2: Greenhouse Warming potential of R22 and Other HCFC•s and Carbon Dioxide... • 9 Exhibit 3: Sample Printout of Computer Run with HACI. . • 14 Exhibit 4: 

## Fractional Temperature Bin Hours for six Heating Climates of the Continental us. • 23 Exhibit 5: 

## Map of the us Displaying Lines of Constant cooling Load Hours. Exhibit 5a: Map of the us Displaying Lines of Constant cooling Load Hours. • 26 Exhibit 6: Sample Seasonal Performance Calculation. • 28 Exhibit 7: 

## Cooling and Heating COP and Volumetric capacity for Binary Refrigerant Mixtures. Exhibit 8: Cooling and Heating COP and Volumetric Capacity for Binary RefrigerantMixtures. Exhibit 9: Cooling and Heating COP and Volumetric Capacity for Binary Refrigerant Mixtures. Exhibit 10: COP ofMixtures in Sequence According to Their Performance.

. Exhibit lOa: Best Substitutes for R22. Exhibit 11: Seasonal Performance of R22 and the Five Best Replacements for One Cooling and six Heating Climates•.• 39 Exhibit 12: Seasonal Performance Factors (SPF) for One Cooling and Six Heating Climates. Exhibit 13: Ratio ofHeating Capacities. Exhibit 14: Seasonal Performance of R32/R152a and R32/R124 with and without a Rectifier. Exhibit 15: Greenhouse Warming (100 yr. Horizon) and Ozone Depletion Potential. • •• •••••.• • 49 Exhibit 16: Direct and Indirect contributions to Global Warming.

3 

### List of Exhibits
Exhibit 1: Total Clx Concentrations (1985-2000).

. Exhibit 2: Greenhouse Warming potential of R22 and Other 8 

### HCFC• s and Carbon Dioxide... • 9 Exhibit 3: Sample Printout of Computer Run with HACI. . • 14 Exhibit 4: Fractional Temperature Bin Hours for six Heating Climates of the Continental 

### US. • 23 Exhibit 5: Map of the us Displaying Lines of Constant cooling Load Hours. · 25 Exhibit Sa: Map of the us Displaying Lines of Constant cooling Load Hours. • 26 Exhibit 6: Sample Seasonal Performance Calculation. • 28 Exhibit 7: 

### Cooling and Heating COP and Volumetric capacity for BinaryRefrigerantMixtures. 31 Exhibit 8: Cooling and Heating COP and Volumetric Capacity for Binary RefrigerantMixtures. 32 Exhibit 9: Cooling and Heating COP and Volumetric Capacity for BinaryRefrigerant Mixtures. 33 Exhibit 10: COP of Mixtures in Sequence According to Their Performance.

. 35 Exhibit lOa: Best Substitutes for R22. • 36 Exhibit 11: Seasonal Performance of R22 and the Five Best Replacements for One Cooling and sixHeatingClimates•.• 39 Exhibit 12: Seasonal Performance Factors (SPF) for One Cooling and SixHeating Climates. Exhibit 13: Ratio of Heating Capacities. Exhibit 14: Seasonal Performance of R32/R152a and R32/R124 with and without a Rectifier. Exhibit 15: Greenhouse Warming (100 yr. Horizon) and Ozone · 40
· 41 43 Depletion Potential. • •• •••••.• • 49 Exhibit 16: Direct and Indirect contributions to Global Warming.

3 

### · 50

### THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF REPLACEMENT REFRIGERANTS FOR R22 FOR RESIDENTIAL**~SES**



### Abstract
Future risks of stratospheric ozone depletion and the relatively high global warming potential of R22 might eventually lead to further limitations on the use of R22 in heat pump and airconditioning systems. This report investigates the feasibility of replacement refrigerants that would cause the least disruption to current technology. It is desirable that any substitute is at least as energy efficient as R22 so that the indirect effect on global warming does not outweigh the direct effect. To date, no acceptable pure component has been identified as a drop-in substitute for R22. However, binary and ternarymixtures appearto be candidates that warrant further investigation. The coefficient of performance (COP) and the seasonal performance factor (SPF) were calculated in a model for binary and ternary substitutes. The ternary mixture of R32/R152a/R124 showed the best performance with an increase in COP of 13.7 % over R12. The best chlorine-free ternary mixture is R32/R152a/R134 with a 12.6 % 

### increase. The best chlorine-free binary mixture is R32/R152a with a 12.1 

## % improvement in COP over R22. The binary mixture ofR32/R134a shows a performance improvementofsixpercent over R22. since it contains 70 %R134a it may not be flammable. Significant design changes to the system will be necessary to realize all these gains with mixtures, likely requiring a considerable research and development effort. Some of the design changes could reduce the energy savings. On the other hand, modelling predicts that the SPF can be improved by modulating the capacity by changing mixture concentration. Thegreenhousewarmingpotential ofthe R32/R152a/R124 mixture and its ozone depletion potential are reduced by a factor of 5 compared to R22• The greenhouse warming potential of R32/R152a/R134 is reduced by a factor of 3 compared to R22 and the ozone depletion potential is zero. The greenhouse warming potential of R32/R152a is reduced by a factor of 6 compared to R22 and the ozone depletion potential is zero. In practice, the ranking of the substitutes presented in this report may change due to the influence of transport properties and other variables which have been ignored in the model.

4 

### THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF REPLACEMENT REFRIGERANTS FOR R22 FOR RESIDENTIAL**~SES**



### Abstract
Future risks of stratospheric ozone depletion and the relatively high global warming potential of R22 might eventually lead to further limitations on the use of R22 in heat pump and airconditioning systems. This report investigatesthe feasibility of replacement refrigerants that would cause the least disruption to current technology. It is desirable that any sUbstitute is at least as energy efficient as R22 so that the indirect effect on global warming does not outweigh the direct effect. To date, no acceptable pure component has been identified as a drop-in sUbstituteforR22. However, binaryand ternarymixtures appearto be candidates that warrant further investigation. The coefficient of performance (COP) and the seasonal performance factor (SPF) were calculated in a model for binary and ternary sUbstitutes. The ternarymixture of R32/R152a/R124 showed the best performance with an increase in COP of 13.7 %over R12. The best chlorine-free ternary mixture is R32/R152a/R134 with a 12.6 % 

### increase. The best chlorine-free binary mixture is R32/R152a with a 12.1 

## %improvement in COP over R22. The binary mixtureofR32/R134a shows a performance improvementofsixpercent over R22. since it contains 70 %R134a it may not be flammable. Significant design changes to the systemwill benecessaryto realize all these gains with mixtures, likely requiring a considerable research and development effort. Some of the design changes could reduce the energy savings. On the other hand, modelling predicts that the SPF can be improved by modulating the capacity by changing mixture concentration. Thegreenhousewarmingpotential oftheR32/R152a/R124mixture and its ozone depletion potential are reduced by a factor of 5 compared to R22• The greenhouse warming potential of R32/R152a/R134 is reducedby a factor of 3 compared to R22 and the ozone depletion potential is zero. The greenhouse warming potential of R32/R152a is reduced by a factor of 6 compared to R22 and the ozone depletion potential is zero. Inpractice, the ranking of the sUbstitutespresented inthis report may change due to the influence of transport properties and other variables which have been ignored in the model.

4

### THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF REPLACEMENT REFRIGERANTS FOR R22 FOR RESIDENTIAL USES 

### Findings Evaluation ofR22 substitutes has to occurbecause ofconcerns about ozone depletion and greenhouse warming effect. There 

## is currently no pure fluid that 

## is considered to be a suitable drop-in substitute for R22. Any substitute should seek to have at least the same energy efficiency as R22. otherwise, the indirect global warming effect may offset any gains in the reduced global warming potential of the substitute. Selection of the final substitute shouldconsidera balancedtrade-offbetweendirect and indirect global warming effect, ozone depletion and other health and safety concerns. There are several binary and ternary mixtures of refrigerants that warrant further investigation as substitutes for R22. Models predict that a mixture containing R32 and R152a and R32 and R124 show potential for significant performance improvements of up to**13~7** 

### % 

## in cOP over R22 in residential air-conditioners, heat pumps and window air-conditioners. Hardware changes (counter-flow heat exchangers) will be necessary to achieve this improvement and requirements like increased fan power may offset the predicted energy savings. Themostenergyefficientreplacementmixture, R32/R152a/R124, as predicted by modelling, has a global warming potential and ozone depletion potential that is five times lower than the values for R22 (based on a 100 year time horizon). The replacement mixture with the least direct impact on the environment 

## is R32/R152a with a global warming potential that 

## is six times lower than for R22 and an ozone depletion potential of zero. Its predicted cOP 

## is 12.1% above that of R22. The ranking ofthe substitutes may change due to the influence of transport properties and other variables not considered in this report. The use of mixtures offers the potential advantage that the concentration can be shifted to meet capacity requirements. This can lead to a reduction in resistance heat and increased seasonal performance. 5 

### THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF REPLACEMENT REFRIGERANTS FOR R22 FOR RESIDENTIAL USES 

### Findings EvaluationofR22 sUbstituteshastooccurbecauseofconcerns about ozone depletion and greenhouse warming effect. There 

## is currently no pure fluid that is considered to be a suitable drop-in sUbstitute for R22. Any substitute should seek to have at least the same energy efficiency as R22. Otherwise, the indirect global warming effect may offset any gains in the reduced global warming potential of the sUbstitute. Selection of the final sUbstituteshouldconsidera balancedtrade-offbetweendirect and indirect global warming effect, ozone depletion and other health and safety concerns. There are several binaryand ternarymixtures of refrigerants that warrant further investigation as sUbstitutes for R22. Modelspredictthat a mixturecontainingR32 andR152a andR32 and R124 show potential for significant performance improvements of up to**13~7** 

### %

## in cOP over R22 in residential air-conditioners, heat pumps and window air-conditioners. Hardware changes (counter-flow heat exchangers) will be necessary to achieve this improvement and requirements like increased fan power may offset the predicted energy savings. Themostenergyefficientreplacementmixture, R32/R152a/R124, as predictedby modelling, has a global warmingpotential and ozone depletion potential that is five times lower than the values for R22 (based on a 100 year time horizon). The replacement mixture with the least direct impact on the environment 

## isR32/R152a with a global warming potential that 

## is six times lower than for R22 and an ozone depletion potential of zero. Its predicted cOP 

## is 12.1% above that of R22. Therankingofthe sUbstitutesmaychangeduetothe influence of transportproperties and othervariables not considered in this report. The use of mixtures offers the potential advantage that the concentration can be shifted to meet capacity requirements. This can lead to a reduction in resistance heat and increased seasonal performance. 5

## For some superior mixtures all constituents are presently available or have been commercially produced; for other alternatives they will be available in the near future; for some alternatives they are not yet scheduled for commercial production. Themixtures withthe most significant improvement in COP are flammable (R32/R152a) orcontain flammable components so that they may be flammable (R32/R152a/R124,**R32/~152a/R134).** 

## However, it is expected that the addition of a third nonflammable component will reduce the fire hazard. The binary mixture of 30% R32 and 70% R134a shows a six percent performance improvement over R22 and may be nonflammable. Further work in the following areas is required in order to facilitate the use of the proposed mixtures: Materials compatibility, Flammability, oil compatibility, Compressor life, Chemical stability, Thermodynamic properties, Transport properties, Performance in actual cycles, Design ofmeans for concentration shift, and Redesign ofair-conditioning andheatpump systems. The possibility still exists thatpure fluids canbe found or developed that may be acceptable substitutes for R22. Acknowledge.ent The authors thank the numerous reviewers and EPA personnel for constructive criticismand theircontributions to the report. The support ofthis project by the US Environmental Protection Agency through ICF Inc. and the University of Maryland is greatfully acknowledged.

6 

## For some superior mixtures all constituents are presently available or have been commercially produced; for other alternatives they will be available in the near future; for some alternatives they are not yet scheduled for commercial production. Themixtureswiththemost significantimprovement inCOP are flammable (R32/R152a) orcontain flammablecomponentssothat they may be flammable (R32/R152a/R124,**R32/~152a/R134).** 

## However, it is expected that the addition of a third nonflammable component will reduce the fire hazard. The binary mixture of 30% R32 and 70% R134a shows a six percent performance improvement over R22 and may be nonflammable. Further work in the following areas is required in order to facilitate theuse of theproposedmixtures: Materials compatibility, Flammability, oil compatibility, Compressor life, Chemical stability, Thermodynamic properties, Transportproperties, Performance in actual cycles, Designof means for concentration shift, and Redesignofair-conditioningandheatpump systems. Thepossibilitystillexiststhatpure fluids canbe foundor developedthatmay be acceptable sUbstitutes forR22. Acknowledge.ent The authors thank the numerous reviewers and EPA personnel for constructivecriticismandtheircontributionstothereport. The supportof thisprojectby theUS Environmental ProtectionAgency through ICF Inc. and the University of Maryland is greatfully acknowledged.

6

## THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF REPLACEMENT REFRIGERANTS FOR R22 FOR RESIDENTIAL USES
1.0 Background and Objective R22 is widelyused as a refrigerant in commercial refrigeration and commercial and residential air-conditioning and heat pumping. R22 has favorable thermodynamic andtransportproperties andwell known material compatibility characteristics. However, questions have been raised about the long term viability ofR22. Its ozone depletionpotential is 0.05, much less than R11 or R12. But because the level of stratospheric chlorine is expected to rise during the next decade, Exhibit 1, extensive
use of R22 could**cont~ibute** 

## to surplus chlorine and thus ozone depletion for a long time. In Exhibit 1, the area enclosedbetween the two curves is a measure for the increased long term risk if there is an additional amount ofClx

## available in the stratosphere. Currently, scientists are concerned that additional chlorine will
cause significant ozone depletion /1/. If it does, there will be inevitably calls for more stringent reductions in R22 than those recordedduring the London revisions oftheMontreal Protocol where
a resolution was passed to phase out use in new machinery by 2015
or those proposed in the Clean Air Act revisions /2/. Furthermore, the greenhouse warming potential ofR22 is quite high compared to carbon dioxide, the most important green house gas. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has published a

7 

## THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF REPLACEMENT REFRIGERANTS FOR R22 FOR RESIDENTIAL USES
1.0 Background and Objective 

## R22 iswidelyusedasa refrigerantincommercialrefrigerationand commercial andresidential air-conditioningandheatpumping. R22 hasfavorablethermodynamicandtransportpropertiesandwellknown material compatibility characteristics. However, questions have been raised about the long term viabilityofR22. Itsozonedepletionpotential is0.05, much less than R11 orR12. But because the level of stratospheric chlorine is expected to rise during the next decade, Exhibit 1, extensive
use of R22 could**cont~ibute** 

## to surplus chlorine and thus ozone depletion for a longtime. InExhibit 1, theareaenclosedbetween the two curves is a measure for the increased long term risk if thereisanadditional amount ofClx

## available inthestratosphere. Currently, scientists are concerned that additional chlorine will
cause significant ozone depletion/1/. If it does, there will be inevitably calls for more stringent reductions in R22 than those recordedduringtheLondonrevisions oftheMontrealProtocolwhere
a resolution was passed to phase out use in new machineryby 2015
or those proposed in the Clean AirAct revisions /2/. Furthermore, thegreenhousewarmingpotential ofR22 isquite high compared to carbon dioxide, the most important green house gas. Theunited Nations Intergovernmental Panel on ClimateChange (IPCC) has published a

7

# Exhibit

# 1: 

# TotalClxConcentrationS(1985-2100)

2075 2060 '" withHCFCsubstitution

• noHCFCsubstitution



## 2045**~~** 

## ........ excessriskfromcurrentlevel partsperbillion 

## 4.0
3.5
3.0

ex> 

## 2.5
2.0 I 

# • • 

## • • • • • • 

## 1985 2000 2015 2035 

## Assumptions:

•CFCs,CarbonTetracholorideandMethylChloroformGlobal Phase-outintheyear2000;

CarbonTetracholorideandMethylChloroformcontrolsbeginin1991

•HCFCswithanaverageOOPof0.05aresubstitutedfor32°kofCFCreductions(uppercurve)

•HCFCglobalfreezein2015;Phase-outin2030

Source:1990,ICFInc. 

## partsperbillion 

## 4.0
3.5
3.0

ex> 

## 2.5

1985 

# Exhibit

# 1: 

# Total

# ClxConcentrationS(1985-2100)

2000 2015 2035**~**

## withHCFCsubstitution • noHCFCsubstitution



# .....**=---~~-** 

## excessriskfromcurrentlevel

2045 

## 2060 2075 

## Assumptions: •CFCs,CarbonTetracholorideandMethylChloroformGlobalPhase-outintheyear2000;

CarbonTetracholorideandMethylChloroformcontrolsbeginin1991 •HCFCswithanaverageOOPof0.05aresubstitutedfor32°A,ofCFCreductions(uppercurve) •HCFCglobalfreezein2015;Phase-outin2030

Source:1990,ICFInc.

## Exhibit2: 

# GreenhouseWarmingPotentialofR-22andOtherHCfC·sandCarbonDioxide
GlobalWarmingPotential Fluid IntegrationTimeHorizon,Years 20 100 500 CarbonDioxide 

### 1 1 1 Methane-incindirect 63 21 9 NitrousOxide 270 290 190 CFC-11 4500 3500 1500 CFC-12 7100 7300 4500 HCFC-22 4100 1500 510 HFC-32* 2040 560 188 CFC-113 4500 4200 2100 CFC-114 6000 6900 5500 CFC·115 5500 6900 7400 HCFC·123 310 85 29 HCFC-124 1500 430 150 HFC-125 4700 2500 860 HFC·134a 3200 1200 420 HCFC-141b 1500 440 150 HCFC-142b 3700 1600 540 HFC·143a 4500 2900 1000 HFC-152a 510 140 47 CC14 

### 1900 1300 460 CH3CC13 350 100 34 CF3Br 5800 5800 3200



### * 

## Reference /3/ report in which the higher greenhouse warming potential (GWP) of R22 is compared for different time periods to otherHCFCs, HFCs and to carbon dioxide, Exhibit 2. As concern about the global warming heightens, the availability ofR22 could be threatened. Its price could rise if "greenhouse gas taxes" are passed or if green house gases are limited in an allowance system under a comprehensive

9 

## Exhibit2: 

# GreenhouseWarmingPotentialofH-22andOtherHCFC·sandCarbonDioxide
GlobalWarmingPotential Fluid IntegrationTimeHorizon,Years 20 100 500 CarbonDioxide 

### 1 1 1 Methane-incindirect 63 21 9 NitrousOxide 270 290 190 CFC-11 4500 3500 1500 CFC-12 7100 7300 4500 HCFC-22 4100 1500 510 HFC-32* 2040 560 188 CFC-113 4500 4200 2100 CFC-114 6000 6900 5500 CFC-115 5500 6900 7400 HCFC-123 310 85 29 HCFC-124 1500 430 150 HFC-125 4700 2500 860 HFC-134a 3200 1200 420 HCFC-141b 1500 440 150 HCFC-142b 3700 1600 540 HFC-143a 4500 2900 1000 HFC-152a 510 140 47 CC14 

### 1900 1300 460 CH3CC13 350 100 34 CF3Br 5800 5800 3200 

### * 

## Reference/3/ report in which the higher greenhouse warming potential (GWP) of R22 iscompared fordifferenttimeperiodstootherHCFCs, HFCs and to carbondioxide, Exhibit 2. As concern about theglobal warming heightens, the availabilityofR22 couldbethreatened. Itsprice could rise if "greenhouse gas taxes" are passed or if green house gases are limited in an allowance system under a comprehensive

9

### approach such as that proposed by the US at the first climate negatiations. (A tax as small as $ 0.01 per pound of carbon dioxide would result in an increase of $ 

### 15.00 per pound using the 100 year equivalent global warming potential.) However, it is important to recognize that for HCFC 22 the global warming potential is relatively small compared to the indirect global warming effect caused by the production of carbon dioxide to provide the power for air-conditioning or heat pumping. Estimates indicate that up to 10% of the total global warming causedby a typical air-conditioner is contributedby R22 /3/. Any replacement must, therefore, be at least as efficient as R22 in order to achieve a significant net reduction in the global warming effect. Currently no pure fluid drop-in replacements for R22 have been identified. Refrigerant mixtures of already available or identified constituents, however, may be able to replace R22 in existing and future equipment and in future applications. This report examines the replacement of R22 from two points of view: The feasibility of a drop-in replacement for residential heat pumps, air-conditioners and window air-conditioners is investigated. Replacement of R22 by refrigerant mixtures that would potentially lead to energy savings by a completely new design of the heating and cooling equipment.

10 approach such as that proposed by the US at the first climate negatiations. (A tax as small as $ 0.01 per pound of carbon dioxidewould result in an increase of $ 

### 15.00 perpoundusing the 100 year equivalent global warming potential.) However, it is important to recognize that for HCFC 22 the global warming potential is relatively small compared to the indirect global warming effect caused by the production of carbon dioxide toprovide thepower for air-conditioningorheatpumping. Estimates indicate that up to 10% of the total global warming causedbya typical air-conditioner iscontributedbyR22 /3/. Any replacement must, therefore, be at least as efficient as R22 in order to achieve a significantnet reduction in the globalwarming effect. currentlynopurefluiddrop-inreplacements forR22 havebeen identified. Refrigerant mixtures of already available or identified constituents, however, may be able to replace R22 in existing and future equipment and in future applications. This report examines the replacement of R22 from two points of view: The feasibility of a drop-in replacement for residentialheat pumps, air-conditioners and window air-conditioners is investigated. Replacement of R22 by refrigerant mixtures that would potentially leadto energy savings by a completelynewdesign of the heating and cooling equipment.

10

## 2.0 simulation Approach It is the goal ofthe theoretical analysis presentedhere to study only the effect of the thermodynamic properties of the working fluids. The cyclemodel usedresembles the ideal vaporcompression cycle as closely as possible. The onlyexceptions are a compressor efficiency of 0.7 and the use of air-to-refrigerant heat exchangers. The latter is necessary to ensure that the gliding temperature effect ofmixtures is accounted for.

2.1 computer Model Acomputermodel HAC1 was developed. It is a UA-model inwhich the product ofthe overall heat transfer coefficient andheat exchange
area (UA) are given. Prior studies have shown that a comparison between pure and mixed working fluids provides meaningful results onlywhen the fluids performidentical task. This implies thatthe air streams being heated or cooled undergo the same temperature changes at the same flow rates independent of whether or not a mixture or pure component is used /4/. This can be obtained in a consistentwaywitha UA-model. It is assumed thatthe temperature glide of the mixtures is linear, though this is not always true. The implications ofthis assumption arediscussedunderResults and Discussion. HAC1 uses the Newton-Raphson method to solve a set of eight non-linear equations simultaneously. To have the design of the heat pump affect the results of the calculations to the least possible degree, almost all operating parameters were set to ideal

11 

## 2.0 SimulationApproach Itisthegoal ofthetheoretical analysispresentedhereto study only the effect of the thermodynamic properties of the working fluids. Thecyclemodelusedresemblestheidealvaporcompression cycleascloselyaspossible. Theonlyexceptionsarea compressor efficiency of 0.7 and the use of air-to-refrigerant heat exchangers. The latter is necessary to ensure that the gliding temperature effect ofmixtures is accounted for.

2.1

. computerModel Acomputermodel HAC1 was developed. Itisa UA-model inwhichthe productofthe overallheattransfercoefficientandheatexchange
area (UA) are given. Prior studies have shown that a comparison betweenpure and mixed working fluids providesmeaningful results onlywhenthe fluidsperformidenticaltask. Thisimpliesthatthe air streams being heated or cooled undergo the same temperature changes at the same flow rates independent of whether or not a mixture orpure component is used/4/. This canbe obtained in a consistentwaywitha UA-model. Itisassumedthatthetemperature glide of the mixtures is linear, though this is not always true. TheimplicationsofthisassumptionarediscussedunderResultsand Discussion. HAC1 usestheNewton-Raphsonmethodto solvea setof eight non-linear equations simultaneously. To have the design of the heatpump affectthe results of the calculations to the least possibledegree, almostall operatingparameterswere settoideal

11

### conditions. Input values are the evaporator air inlet and outlet temperatures and the air flow rate, the condenser air inlet temperature and flow rate, heat exchange areas and heat transfer coefficients (estimated based on actual equipment). other variables such as pressure drops, superheat and sUbcooling at evaporator and condenser outlet, and superheating of the suction gas in the compressor are set to zero. It is assumed that the compressor displacement is always sUfficiently large to pump whatever volume flow rate the evaporator provides. The isentropic efficiency is set to 0.7. For both, the evaporator and condenser, the overall heat transfer coefficients are 0.1 kJ/m2

### K, and the
areas are 4.0 and 5.0 m 2 

### respectively. 'The cooling load is assumed to be a sensible load only. According to today's desiqn criteria, the outdoor heat exchanger which is the condenser during air-conditioning operation
was chosen to be the larger heat exchanger since the amount ofheat rejected is larger than the cooling capacity. The evaporator has to be small to provide a cooling surface on a temperature low enough for dehumidification. Area and heat transfer coefficients
are calculated based on actual designs. For most of the results presentedhere, it"is assumed that all heat exchangers are counterflow heat exchangers. The impact of cross-flow heat exchangers is investigated in Chapter 4.5. It is further assumed that during desuperheating of the vapor in the condenser, the inside tube surface temperature is below the saturation temperature of the vapor. Therefore, the heat transfer coefficient in the
12 

### conditions. Input values are the evaporator air inlet and outlet temperatures and the air flow rate, the condenser air inlet temperature and flow rate, heat exchange areas and heat transfer coefficients (estimated based on actual equipment). other variables such as pressure drops, superheat and subcooling at evaporator and condenser outlet, and superheating of the suction gas in the compressor are set to zero. It is assumed that the compressor displacement is always sufficiently large to pump whatevervolume flow rate the evaporatorprovides. The isentropic efficiency is set to 0.7. For both, the evaporator andcondenser, the overall heat transfer coefficients are 0.1 kJ/m2

### K, and the
areas are 4.0 and 5.0m 2

### respectively. 'The cooling load isassumed to be a sensible load only. According to today's design criteria, the outdoor heat exchangerwhich isthecondenserduring air-conditioning operation
waschosentobethe largerheatexchanger sincetheamount ofheat rejected is larger than the cooling capacity. The evaporator has to be small to provide a cooling surface on a temperature low enough for dehumidification. Area and heat transfer coefficients
are calculated based on actual designs. For most of the results presentedhere, it"isassumedthatallheatexchangersarecounterflow heat exchangers. The impact of cross-flowheat exchangers is investigated in Chapter 4.5. It is further assumed that during desuperheating of the vapor in the condenser, the inside tube surface temperature is below the saturation temperature of the vapor. Therefore, the heat transfer coefficient in the
12

### desuperheating region is assumed to be the same as for the twophase region. The heat transfer process is governed by the difference between the dew point temperature and the air temperature. Each run ofHAC1 produces an output file as shown in Exhibit 3 for pure R22. The first section of the output describes the program features in short and lists the air flow rates. The second section ofthe output file states all input values, the specified refrigerant mixing coefficient, concentration (mass fraction), the ambient temperature and temperatures of the air streams into and out of the evaporator and into the condenser. Further compressor efficiency, pressure drops, super heat, subcooling, additional superheat, and overall heat transfer coefficients are listed followed by the heat capacity (calculated by mUltiplying mass flow rate with specific heat) and the cooling capacity
. The end of this section of the output shows heat exchanger areas, adjustment factors (1.0 all the time) and the number of segments into which each heat exchanger is divided in order to account for the non-linearity of the temperature glide. For this investigation the number of segments was set to 1.0 to speed up the calculation procedure. In the third section of the sample printout the calculated thermodynamic properties at each state point throughout the cycle
are.listed. The fourth section states all other calculated results: compressor work, the amounts of heat exchanged, COP, refrigerant
mass flow rate, volumetric capacity, pressure ratio, and compressor
13 

### desuperheating region is assumed to be the same as for the twophase region. The heat transfer process is governed by the difference between the dew point temperature and the air temperature. Each run ofHAC1 produces an output file as shown in Exhibit 3 for pure R22. The first section of the output describes the program features in short and lists the air flow rates. The second sectionoftheoutput file statesall inputvalues, the specified refrigerant mixing coefficient, concentration (mass fraction), the ambient temperature and temperatures of the air streams into and out of the evaporator and into the condenser. Further compressor efficiency, pressure drops, super heat, subcooling, additional superheat, and overall heat transfer coefficients are listed followed by the heat capacity (calculated by multiplying mass flow rate with specific heat) and the cooling capacity. The end of this section of the output shows heat exchanger areas, adjustment factors (1.0 all the time) and the number of segments into which each heat exchanger is divided in order to account for the non-linearity of the temperature glide. For this investigation the number of segments was set to 1.0 to speed up the calculation procedure. In the third section of the sample printout the calculated thermodynamic properties at each state point throughout the cycle
are.listed. The fourth section states all other calculated results: compressor work, the amounts of heat exchanged, COP, refrigerant
massflowrate, volumetriccapacity, pressureratio, andcompressor
13

### displacement. Other output values are not ofconcernhere. Energy Exhibit 3: Sample Printout of Computer Run with HAC1. NEWTON-RAPHSONMETHOD IS USED TOSOLVEASET OF NONLINEAR EQUATIONS. HTFs USED.IN CONDo AND EVAP. ARE BOTHAIR. AVOLUME FLOWRATEOF HTF INEVAP.(CFM): 400.00 AVOLUME FLOWRATEOF HTF IN COND.(CFM): 800.00 CODLING LOAD IS FIXED BY SPECIFYING HTF TEMPS. IN EVAP. IN CONDo SIDE, TEMP. OF HTF ENTERING CONDo IS FIXED. TEMP. OF HTF LEAVING CONDo VARIES. CONSTANT UAs ARE USED IN CON. AND EVAP. CONSTANT COMPRESSOR EFF.
************* GIVEN PARAMETERS ***************** REFRIGERANTS R22 AND R22 ; F = .0000; X =1.000MASS FRAC.R22 AMBIENT TEMP: 35.0 C HXSTREAMTEMPS: SOURCE (IN, OUT): 26.0, 10.6C SINK (IN): 35.0C COMPRESSOREFFICIENCY: .7000 IMPOSED PRESSUREDROPS: COND = .0KPA; EVAP = .0 KPA IMPOSED ESUPERHEAT, CSUBCOOLING, ASHC (C): .0 .0 .0 UA (EVAP, COND): 400.0, 500.0·W/C HEAT CAPACITYOF HTF (EVAP,COND): 227.8, 417.6W/C COOLING LOAD: 3514.9WATTS AREAEVAP, COND, FACTORE, C, NSEGM :4.00000,5.00000,1.00000,1.00000
************* STATE PARAMETERS ***************** STATE T(C) P H V S XL XV XQ HX STR REF (KPA) (KJ/KG)**(M~3/KG)** (KJ/KGK) (MASS FRAC) 1EVAPOUT 26.0 6.6 613.6 253.4 3.86E-2 .000 1.000 1.000 .000 2COMP IN .0 6.6 613.6 253.4 3.86E-2 .000 .000 .000 .000 3COMPDIS 45.9 87.1 2014.5 296.3 1.32E-2 .000 .000 1.000 .000 4COND VST 44.0 51.5 2014.5 263.4 1.13E-2 .000 .000 .000 .000 5COND LST 35.0 51.5 2014.5 109.1 9.31E-4 .000 .000 .000 .000 6COND OUT 35.0 51.5 2014.5 109.1 9.31E-4 .000 .000 .000 .000 7EVAP IN 10.6 6.6 613.6 109.1 O.OOE+O· .000 1.000 1.000 .282 8EVAPVST 26.0 6.6 613.6 253.4 3.86e-2 .000 .000 .000 .000 9LSHXOUT .0 51.5 2014.5 109.1 9.31E-4 .000 .000 .000 '.000

11.641 8.787 .000 .000 ************** CALCULATEO PARAMETERS ************** WORK=1043.5 QEVAP =3514.8QCOND =4558.3 HX21 = .0 HX67 = .0WATT COP = 3.368 REF. MDOT= .0243529 KG/S VCR= 3735. KJ/MA3 PR = 3.28 VOLUME FLOWRATE (CC/SEC): 941.12 LMTD IN EVAP (GIVEN, CAL), LMTD IN COND 8.787 AIR TEMPDROP, REF TEMP GLIDE IN EVAP 15.430 AIRTEMP GLIDE, REF TEMP DROP IN COND 10.915 COMPRESSORDISPLACEMENT VOLUME =20.4592CC/REV ENERGY BALANCE:E SUP,C SUB,SUP(FRAC HEAT): .00 .04 800.52 ENERGY BALANCE:E SUP,C SUB,SUP(UALMTD ): .00 .04 800.54 EVAP SUPERHEAT, COND SUBCOOLING

### &SUPERHEAT: (C) .00 .00 35.55 FRAtTIONS HEAT IN EVAP TP,SUP,COND SUB,TP,SUP:1.000 .000 .000 .824 .176 FRACTIONSAREA INEVAP TP,SUP,COND SUB,TP,SUP:1.000 .000 .000 .728 .272 

### balances are used to verify thermodynamic consistency. Other data

are available for detailed design of air-conditioners. The particular heat pump design modelled here implies that the fourway-valve, that switches from heating to cooling, maintains the counter-flow characteristic of the heat exchangers. This is not

14 

### displacement. Otheroutputvalues are notofconcernhere. Energy Exhibit 3: Sample Printout of Computer Run with HAC1. NEWTON-RAPHSONMETHOD IS USED TOSOLVEASET OF NONLINEAR EQUATIONS. HTFsUSED,IN CONDo AND EVAP. ARE BOTHAIR. AVOLUME FLOWRATEOF HTF INEVAP.(CFM): 400.00 AVOLUME FLOWRATEOF HTF IN COND.(CFM): 800.00 COOLING LOAD IS FIXED BY SPECIFYING HTF TEMPS. INEVAP. IN CONDo SIDE, TEMP. OF HTFENTERING CONDo IS FIXED. TEMP. OF HTF LEAVING CONDo VARIES. CONSTANT UAs,ARE USED IN CON. AND EVAP. CONSTANT COMPRESSOR EFF. ************* GIVEN PARAMETERS ***.***.*.***.*** REFRIGERANTSR22 AND R22 ; F

### = .0000; X

### =1.000MASS FRAC.R22 AMBIENT TEMP: 35.0C HXSTREAMTEMPS: SOURCE (IN, OUT): 26.0, 10.6C SINK (IN): 35.0C COMPRESSOREFFICIENCY: .7000 IMPOSED PRESSURE DROPS: COND 

### = .0KPA: EVAP

### = .0KPA IMPOSED ESUPERHEAT, CSUBCOOLING, ASHC (C): .0 .0 .0 UA (EVAP, COND): 400.0, 500.0'W/C HEAT CAPACITYOF HTF (EVAP,COND): 227.8, 417.6W/C COOLING LOAD: 3514.9WATTS AREA EVAP, COND, FACTORE, C, NSEGM :4.00000,5.00000,1.00000,1.00000 ************* STATE PARAMETERS ***********•••••• STATE T(C) P H V S XL XV HX STR REF (KPA) (KJ/KG) (MA3/KG) (KJ/KG K) (MASS FRAC) 1EVAPOUT 26.0 6.6 613.6 253.4 3.86E-2 .000 1.000 1.000 2COMP IN .0 6.6 613.6 253.4 3.86E-2 .000 .000 .000 3COMPDIS 45.9 87.1 2014.5 296.3 1.32E-2 .000 .000 1.000 4COND VST 44.0 51.5 2014.5 263.4 1.13E-2 .000 .000 .000 5COND LST 35.0 51.5 2014.5 109.1 9.31E-4 .000 .000 .000 6COND OUT 35.0 51.5 2014.5 109.1 9.31E-4 .000' .000 .000 7EVAP IN 10.6 6.6 613.6 109.1 O.OOE+O

. .000 1.000 1.000 8EVAPVST 26.0 6.6 613.6 253.4 3.86E-2 .000 .000 .000 9LSHXOUT .0 51.5 2014.5 109.1 9.31E-4 .000 .000 .000 *.*•••**••••••CALCULATED PARAMETERS •••• ••••**  XQ .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .000 .282 .000 .•000**~RK**

## =1043.5QEVAP

## =3514.8QCOND

## =4558.3 HX21

## = .0HX67

## = .0WATT COP 

## = 3.368 REF. MDOT= .0243529KG/S VCR= 3735. KJ/MA3 PR = 3.28 VOLUME FLOWRATE (CC/SEC): 941.12 LMTD IN EVAP (GIVEN, CAL), LMTD IN COND 8.787 AIR TEMPDROP, REF TEMP GLIDE IN EVAP 15.430 AIRTEMP GLIDE, REF TEMPDROP IN COND 10.915 COMPRESSORDISPLACEMENT VOLUME =20.4592CC/REV 8.787 .000 .000 ENERGY BALANCE:E SUP,C SUB,SUP(FRAC HEAT): .00 .04800.52 ENERGY BALANCE:E SUP,C SUB,SUP(UALMTD ): .00 .04 800.5411.641

EVAP SUPERHEAT, COND SUBCOOLING

### &SUPERHEAT: (C) .00 .00 35.55 FRAtTIONS HEAT IN EVAP TP,SUP,COND SUB,TP,SUP:1.000 .000 .000 .824 .176 FRACTIONSAREA INEVAP TP,SUP,COND SUB,TP,SUP:1.000 .000 .000 .728 .272 

### balances

## are used toverify thermodynamic consistency. Otherdata

are available for detailed design of air-conditioners. The particular heat pump design modelled here implies that the fourway-valve, that switches from heating to cooling, maintains the counter-flow characteristic of the heat exchangers. This is not

14

### true for conventional systems. The air flow rates are 400 cfm for the indoor heat exchanger (the evaporator during the airconditioning mode) and 800 cfm for the outdoor heat exchanger. These values are specified in the ASHRAE standard for the respective heat exchangers for a cooling load of one refrigeration ton.



### 2.2 Refrigerant properties The refrigerant properties are obtained based on the eso equation of state that was developed at NIST /5/. The subroutine BOEse is listed in Appendix #1 which shows all coefficients of the pure refrigerants as they are used for this**report~** 

### This facilitates
reruns which may become necessary as coefficients are updated. For mixtures the eso equation of state requires a mixing coefficient. For the work conducted here, the mixing coefficient is assumed to be -0.01 for all mixtures. This value is an average of the known values and was used because no mixing coefficients were available for the fluids under investigation.



### 2.3 Refrigerant Mixtures The choice of substitutes was limited to fluids that are as similar to R22 as possible to minimize changes to current equipment. In selecting the pure refrigerants that can serve as constituents for mixtures, priority was- given to those fluids that do not contain chlorine, with R124 as an exception because of its very low ozone depletion potential. Further, in order to limit the effect ofthe
15 true for conventional systems. The air flow rates are 400 cfm for the indoor heat exchanger (the evaporator during the airconditioning mode) and 800 cfm for the outdoor heat exchanger

. These values are specified in the ASHRAE standard for the respectiveheat exchangers for a cooling load of one refrigeration ton.



### 2.2 Refrigerant properties The refrigerant properties are obtained based on the eso equation of state that was developed at NIST /5/. The subroutine BOEse is listed in Appendix #1 which shows all coefficients of the pure refrigerants as they are used for this**report~** 

### This facilitates
rerunswhichmaybecomenecessaryas coefficientsareupdated. For mixtures the eso equation of state requires a mixing coefficient. For the work conducted here, the mixing coefficient is assumed to be -0.01 for all mixtures. This value is an average of the known values and was used because no mixing coefficients were available for the fluids under investigation.



### 2.3 Refrigerant Mixtures Thechoiceof sUbstituteswas limitedto fluids that are as similar to R22 as possible to minimize changes to current equipment. In selectingthe pure refrigerants that can serve as constituents for mixtures, priority was-given to those fluids that do not contain chlorine, with R124 as an exception because of its very low ozone depletion potential. Further, in order to limit the effect ofthe
15

## temperatureqlide to an acceptablerange, theboilingpointmay not be too far from that of R22. The followinq refriqerants were selected: R143a, R32, R125, R152a, R134, R134a and R124. At this time no manufacturer plans to produce R134. Refrigerants R143a, R32 and R125 are "low boilers" with boilinq points below that of R22, while refriqerants R152a, R134, R134a and R124 are "high boilers" with boilinq points above those ofR22. The binary mixtures investigated here consist of one low boiler and one hiqh boiler. Durinq the course of the investigation, it became clearthat mixtures containinq R32 show a consistentlybetterperformance than those with other lowboilers. Results are presented for the following mixtures: R32/R134a, R32/R152a, R32/R134, R32/R124, R143a/R134a, R143a/R152a, R143a/R124, R125/R134a, R125/R152a, R125/R124. sinceR32, R152a andR143a are flammable components, itwas decided to also investiqate the ternary mixtures: R32/R152a/R134a, R32/R152a/R134 and R32/R152a/R124. It is expected that the ternary mixtures can substitute for R32/R152a. The addition of a nonflammable component will reduce the overall flammability ofthe mixture. However, extensive tests
are necessary to evaluate the flammability. Future work will include the evaluation of ternary mixtures 16 

## temperatureglidetoanacceptablerange, theboilingpointmaynot be too far from that of R22. The following refrigerants were selected: R143a, R32, R125, R152a, R134, R134a andR124. At this time no manufacturerplans toproduce R134. Refrigerants R143a, R32 and R125 are "low boilers" with boilingpoints below that of R22, while refrigerants R152a, R134, R134a and R124 are "highboilers" withboilingpoints above those ofR22. The binarymixtures investigatedhere consist of one low boiler and one high boiler. During the course of the investigation, itbecameclearthatmixturescontainingR32 showa consistentlybetterperformancethanthosewithotherlowboilers. Results are presented for the following mixtures: R32/R134a, R32/R152a, R32/R134, R32/R124, R143a/R134a, R143a/R152a, R143a/R124, R125/R134a, R125/R152a, R125/R124. SinceR32, R152a andR143aareflammablecomponents, itwasdecided to also investigate the ternary mixtures: R32/R152a/R134a, R32/R152a/R134 and R32/R152a/R124. It is expected that the ternary mixtures can sUbstitute for R32/R152a. The addition of a nonflammable component will reduce theoverall flammability ofthemixture. However, extensivetests
are necessary to evaluate the flammability. Future work will include the evaluation of ternary mixtures 16

### which contain small amounts of R22 increasing the likelihood that existing lubricants can be used.

2.4 operating conditions Typical numbers for operating conditions are derived from performance data of existing residential air-conditioners as described in the ASHRAE testing and rating procedure /6/. Air-conditioning: outdoor air inlet temperature 95 F Outdoor air outlet temperature floating Indoor air inlet temperature 80 F Indoor air outlet temperature 52 F (based on the specified air flow rate of 400 cfm per ton of cooling) These temperatures represent the design point of the airconditioner. At the above specified values, the air-conditioner meets the building load at steady state operation. For less severe cooling cases the thermostat cycles the equipment on and off. A second case is evaluated with 82 F outdoor temperature and all other conditioni are tinchanged.This value is usually measured underpart load operation when the equipment is cycling on and off. The part load performance can be reduced by up to 25 

## %compared to steady state operation. However, when the air-conditioner has an automatic expansion valve this degradation, caused by fluid migration during the off-cycle, can be almost entirely eliminated /7/. It is assumed that the part-load performance is identical to the steady-state performance at that condition for the following
17 

### which contain small amounts of R22 increasing the likelihood that existing lubricants can be used.

2.4 operating conditions Typical numbers for operating conditions are derived from performance data of existing residential air-conditioners as described in the ASHRAE testing and rating procedure/6/. Air-conditioning: outdoor air inlet temperature 95 F Outdoor air outlet temperature floating Indoor air inlet temperature 80 F Indoor air outlet temperature 52 F (based on the specified air flow rate of 400 cfm per ton of cooling) These temperatures represent the design point of the airconditioner. At the above specified values, the air-conditioner meets thebuildingloadat steadystateoperation. Forless severe cooling cases the thermostat cycles the equipment on and off. A second case is evaluated with 82 F outdoor temperature and all other conditioni are unchanged. This value is usually measured underpart loadoperationwhentheequipment iscyclingonandoff. Thepart loadperformance can be reduced by up to 25 

## %compared to steady state operation. However, when the air-conditioner has an automatic expansion valve this degradation, caused by fluid migration during the off-cycle, can be almost entirely eliminated /7/. It is assumed that the part-loadperformance is identical to the steady-state performance at that condition for the following
17

### reasons. cyclic losses have two major sources, the heat capacity ofthe heat exchangers and of the working fluid, and the migration of the refrigerant during the off periods. Experimental results show that by eliminating the refrigerant migration, the cyclic losses are eliminated almost entirely, up to 90% /7/. These losses will not effect the ranking of the fluids investigated here assuming migration can be eliminated. Usually, thermostatic expansion valves, which represent state-of-the-art technology, prevent refrigerant migration. The performance of the air conditioner is linearly interpolated between the two rating points allowing for the entire cooling temperature range to be covered. Forheat pumping it is generally accepted design practice that the air-conditioner designed for the cooling application has to
serve as a heat pump as well, although the unit's capacity is not optimized for this application. The simulation accounts for this fact. For heating applications the function of the outdoor heat exchanger and the indoor heat exchanger are reversed. Thus in the model, the heatpump condenser is now describedwith the evaporator air flow rate and UA value and vice versa. Calculations are performed at two cases. For both cases the indoor air conditions

are: Heat Pumping: Indoor air inlet temperature: Indoor air outlet temperature: and the first outdoor air case is: outdoor air inlet temperature: outdoor air outlet temperature: 70 F 

### floating

47 F 33 F


### 18 

### reasons. cyclic losses have two major sources, the heat capacity ofthe heat exchangers and of the working fluid, and the migration of the refrigerant during the off periods. Experimental results show that by eliminating the refrigerant migration, the cyclic losses areeliminatedalmostentirely, upto 90% /7/. These losses will not effect the ranking of the fluids investigated here assuming migration can be eliminated. Usually, thermostatic expansion valves, which represent state-of-the-art technology, prevent refrigerant migration. The performance of the air conditioner is linearly interpolatedbetween the two ratingpoints allowing for the entire coolingtemperature range to be covered. Forheatpumping itisgenerallyaccepteddesignpracticethat the air-conditioner designed for the cooling application has to
serve as a heat pump as well, although the unit's capacity is not optimized for this application. The simulation accounts for this fact. For heating applications the function of the outdoor heat exchanger and the indoorheat exchanger are reversed. Thus inthe model, theheatpumpcondenserisnowdescribedwiththeevaporator air flow rate and UA value and vice versa. Calculations are performed at two cases. For both cases the indoor air conditions

are: Heat Pumping: Indoor air Indoor air and the first outdoor air outdoor air outdoor airinlet temperature: outlet temperature:
case is:

inlet temperature: outlet temperature:
18 70 F 

### floating

47 F 33 F

### (based on an 

## air flow rate of 800 cfm) The second operating condition 

## is heat pump operation at 17 F outdoor air inlet temperature. Typically, even the continuously operating heat pump does not reach the full capacity required by the building and resistance heat has to be used to supplement the heat pump.

2.5 

## capacity Modulation with Mixtures It has been repeatedly reported and implemented in at least one commercial product that the capacity of a heat pump can be controlled, within certain limits by changing the concentration of the circulating mixture /8-11/. With this effect the capacity of the heat pump does not drop off as rapidly as it would with a pure refrigerant. In turn, the need for resistance heat (COP=1.0) is reduced. Since a heat pump has a COP larger than 1.

### 0 even at
severe operating conditions, energy savings can be accomplished by this maneuver. Since the pressure controls the specific vapor volume, the mixture concentrationdetermines the mass flow rate ofa compressor with constant speed and displacement volume 

## is able to establish. The range of pressure that can be covered depends on the device that accomplishes the concentration shift, the difference in boiling points of the constituents of the binary mixture, and the initial concentration. For ternary mixtures the situation 

## is more complex and the range ofpressures depends on the boiling point of the intermediate component as well.
19 

## (based on an 

## air flow rate of 800 cfm) The second operating condition 

## is heat pump operation at 17 F outdoor air inlet temperature. Typically, even the continuously operating heat pump does not reach the full capacity required by the building and resistance heat has tobe used to supplement the heatpump.

2.5 capacityModulationwithMixtures It has been repeatedly reported and implemented in at least one commercial product that the capacity of a heat pump can be controlled, withincertainlimitsbychangingtheconcentrationof the circulatingmixture/8-11/. With this effect the capacity of theheatpump does notdrop off as rapidly as itwouldwith a pure refrigerant. In turn, the need for resistance heat (COP=1.0) is reduced. Since a heat pump has a COP larger than 1.

## 0 even at
severeoperatingconditions, energy savingscanbe accomplishedby this maneuver. Since the pressure controls the specific vapor volume, the mixtureconcentrationdeterminesthemassflowrateofa compressor with constant speed and displacement volume 

## is able to establish. The range of pressure that can be covered depends on the device that accomplishes the concentration shift, the difference in boilingpoints of the constituents of the binarymixture, and the initial concentration. Forternarymixturesthe situation ismore complex and the range ofpressuresdepends on theboilingpointof the intermediate component as well.
19

### The use of a mixture as a substitute for R22 implies that the concentration is selected so that the vapor pressure is close or equal to R22. This entails that the capacity of the mixture is also similar to the capacity of R22. These similarities mean the compressor and motor size do not have to be modified. However, by 

### changing the mixture concentration, the vaporpressure changes and the capacity can be modulated. The change in concentration can be achieved by passive means, which do not require any additional controls, or by active means such as rectification columns, which usually require controls, valves and possibly additional, parasitic power. The range of composition shift by passive means is limited. The simplest way of affecting a shift in concentration is to
use an accumulator at the evaporator outlet. This represents a passive means. Whenever liquid floods out of the evaporator because the outdoor temperature is dropping, it is stored in the accumulator. Since the liquid's concentration is different from the overall concentration circulating in the system, a concentration shift is accomplished. Ahigher pressure mixture is left circulating. The accumulator is a passive device. No auxiliary power, valves or other controls are required. Its capability to affect the concentration is limited. The rectification column used in a Japanese heat pump is more effective in shifting the concentration /11/. However, active controls andvalves are required. otherconcepts suggestmolecular sieves as a separation means /8/.

20 

### Theuse of a mixture as a sUbstitute for R22 implies that the concentration is selected so that the vapor pressure is close or equal to R22. This entails that the capacity of the mixture is also similar to the capacity of R22. These similarities mean the compressor andmotor size do nothave to bemodified. However, by 

### changingthemixture concentration, thevaporpressure changes and the capacity can be modulated. The change in concentrationcanbe achievedbypassivemeans, which do not require any additional controls, or by active means such as rectification columns, which usually require controls, valves and possibly additional, parasitic power. The range of composition shift by passive means is limited. The simplest way of affecting a shift in concentration is to
use an accumulator at the evaporator outlet. This represents a passive means. Whenever liquid floods out of the evaporator because the outdoor temperature is dropping, it is stored in the accumulator. Since the liquid's concentration is different from the overall concentration circulating in the system, a concentration shift is accomplished. Ahigherpressuremixture is left circulating. The accumulator is a passive device. No auxiliary power, valves or other controls are required. Its capability to affect the concentration is limited. The rectification columnused in a Japaneseheatpump ismore effective in shifting the concentration /11/. However, active controlsandvalves arerequired. otherconcepts suggestmolecular sieves as a separation means /8/.

20

### The use of a variable speed drive will accomplish the same goal ofobtaining a variable capacity. By combining variable speed and shifting concentration the available range of capacity modulation is considerably increased. The effect of the rectifier is modeled here by repeating the calculation for the low temperature heat pump case using the same mixture with a different concentration. It is assumed that a concentration change of 20 

## %is achievable with a rectifier. This is an arbitrary number, but rectificationprocesses far exceed such
a composition shift and a twenty percent change is achievable with rather simple equipment. Concentration shift requires thatpart ofthe charge is stored somewhere in the heat pump. The system has to be designed to operate independent of the amount of charge, and the charge required is expected to be larger than for a conventional heat pump.In an experimental project it was determined that a heat pump operating on a mixture of R13Bl/R152a that utilizes composition shift using just an accumulator, yielded an 11 % 

### performance increase over a heating season /10/.



## 3.0 Seasonal Performance Evaluation The seasonal performance expressed by the seasonal performance factor (SPF) is defined as the ratio ofthe total amount ofcooling provided during a season divided by the total amount of electrical energy consumed during that season for the purpose of cooling.
21 The use of a variable speed drive will accomplish the same goal ofobtaininga variablecapacity. By combiningvariablespeed and shifting concentration the available range of capacity modulation is considerably increased. The effect of the rectifier is modeled here by repeating the calculation for the low temperature heat pump case using the same mixture with a different concentration. It is assumed that a concentration change of 20 

## %is achievablewith a rectifier. This isan arbitrarynumber, butrectificationprocessesfarexceedsuch
a composition shift and a twentypercent change is achievable with rather simple equipment. Concentrationshiftrequiresthatpartofthecharge isstored somewhere in the heat pump. The system has to be designed to operate independent of the amount of charge, and the charge required is expected to be larger than for a conventional heat pump.In an experimental project itwas determined that a heatpump operating on a mixture of R13Bl/R152a that utilizes composition shift using just an accumulator, yielded an 11 % 

### performance increase over a heating season /10/.

3.0 Seasonal Performance Evaluation The seasonal performance expressed by the seasonal performance factor (SPF) 

### is defined as theratio ofthe total amount ofcooling provided during a season dividedby the total amount of electrical energy consumed during that season for the purpose of cooling.
21

## This factor is very similar to the coefficient of performance (COP). The only difference is that the COP is an instantaneous value of a continuously operating air-conditioner while the SPF represents an average overthe entire season. Theheating seasonal performance factor (HSPF) is defined in an analogous way: the total amount of heating supplied to a building divided by 

## the total amount of electrical energy consumed for heating purposes. Total electrical energy consumption refers to compressor power and additional electrical heaters required to meet the building load. Fans and controls are not included. In this report the abbreviation CSPF refers to the cooling SPF, andHSPF refers tothe heating SPF. In order to determine the SPF the ASHRAE Temperature Bin Method is employed as outlined in the testing and rating standards for heat pumps /6/. For the purpose ofthe bin method the outdoor temperature scale is divided into temperature intervals or 'bins' each ofa span of 5 F, for example from 70 Fto 75 F. Each bin is characterizedby an average temperature. For example the bin from 70 F to 75 F has an average temperature of 72 F. It is assumed thatwhenever an outdoor temperature is found in the range from 70 Fto 75 Fthatthe equipmentperforms as ifthe temperaturewere 72 F for that time period. It is necessary to know how many hours a temperature is found inthe respectivebinduring anentire season. The number of hours varies with the climate. Exhibit 4 lists the bin temperatures for one generalized cooling climate and six typical heating climates spanning thevarious climate zones inthe
22 This factor is very similar to the coefficient of performance (COP). The only difference is that the COP is an instantaneous value of a continuously operating air-conditioner while the SPF representsanaverageovertheentireseason. Theheatingseasonal performancefactor (HSPF) isdefinedinananalogousway: thetotal amount of heating supplied to a building divided by 

## the total amount of electrical energy consumed for heatingpurposes. Total electrical energy consumption refers to compressor power and additional electrical heaters required to meet the building load. Fans and controls are not included. In this report the abbreviationCSPF referstothecoolingSPF, andHSPF referstothe heating SPF. In order to determine the SPF the ASHRAE Temperature Bin Method isemployed as outlined inthe testing andrating standards forheatpumps/6/. Forthepurpose ofthebinmethodthe outdoor temperature scale is divided into temperature intervals or 'bins' each ofa span of 5 F, for example from 70 Fto 75 F. Eachbin is characterizedby anaveragetemperature. Forexamplethebinfrom 70 F to 75 F has an average temperature of 72 F. It is assumed thatwheneveran outdoortemperature is found intherange from70 Fto75Fthattheequipmentperformsas ifthetemperaturewere72 F for that time period. It is necessary to know how many hours a temperatureisfound intherespectivebinduringanentireseason. The number of hours varies with the climate. Exhibit 4 lists the bin temperatures for one generalized cooling climate and six typicalheatingclimatesspanningthevariousclimatezonesinthe
22

# Exhibit4: 

# FractionalTemperatureBinHoursfor SixHeatingClimatesoftheContinentalUS Region I 

### I 

### In IV V VI HeatingloadHours 

### 750 1250 1750 2250 2750 2750* Outd.DesignT. (OF) 

### 37 27 17 5 -10 30 Bin

### # BinTemp. FractionalBinHours 

### 1 62 .291 .215 .153 .132 .106 .113 2 57 .239 .189 .142 .111 .092 .206 3 52 .194 .163 .138 .103 .086 .215 4 47 .129 .143 .137 .093 .076 .204 5 42 .081 .112 .135 .100 .078 .141 6 37 .041 .088 .118 .109 .087 .076 7 32 .019 .056 .092 .126 .102 .034 8 27 .005 .024 .047 .087 .094 .008 9 22 .001 .008 .021 .055 .074 .003 10 17 0 .002 .009 .036 .055 0 11 12 0 0 .005 .026 .047 0 12 7 0 0 .002 .013 .038 0 13 2 0 0 .001 .006 :029 0 14 -3 0 0 0 .002 .018 0 15 -8 0 0 0 .001 .010 0 16 -13 0 0 0 0 .005 0 17 -18 0 0 0 0 .002 0 18 -23 0 0 0 0 .001 0

*InPacificCoastRegion 

# Exhibit4a: 

# FractionalTemperatureBinHoursfor aGeneralizedCoolingClimateoftheContinentalUS

Bin

### # BinTemp. FractionalBinHour



### 1 67 .214 2 72 .231 3 77 .216 4 82 .161 5 87 .104 6 92 .052 7 97 .018 8 102 .004 

## 23 

## Exhibit4: 

# FractionalTemperatureBinHoursfor SixHeatingClimatesoftheContinentalUS Region I 

### I In IV V HeatingLoadHours 

### 750 1250 1750 2250 2750 Outd.DesignT.(OF) 

### 37 27 17 5 -10 Bin

### # BinTemp. FractionalBinHours 

### 1 62 .291 .215 .153 .132 .106 2 57 .239 .189 .142 .111 .092 3 .52 .194 .163 .138 .103 .086 4 47 .129 .143 .137 .093 .076 5 42 .081 .112

.135 .100 .078 6 37 .041 .088 .118 .109 .087 7 32 .019 .056 .092 .126 .102 8 27 .005 .024 .047

.087 .094 9 22 .001 .008 .021 .055 .074 10 17 0 .002 .009 .036

.055 11 12 0 0

.005

.026 .047 12 7 0 0 .002 .013 .038 13 2 0 0 .001 .006 :029 14 -3 0 0 0 .002 .018 15 -8 0 0 0 .001 .010 16 -13 0 0 0 0 .005 17 -18 0 0 0 0 .002 18 -23 0 0 0 0 .001

•InPacificCoastRegion 

## Exhibit4a: 

# FractionalTemperatureBinHoursfor aGeneralizedCoolingClimateoftheContinentalUS VI 

### 2750· 30
.113 .206

.215 .204 .141 .076 .034 .008 .003 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Bin

### # BinTemp. FractionalBinHour



### 1 67 .214 2 72 .231 3 77 .216 4 82

.161 5 87 .104 6 92

.052 7 97 .018 8 102 .004 

## 23

# us. Exhibit 5 shows a map indicating the heating climates.
In Exhibit 4 the total number ofcooling load hours (CLH) and heating loadhours (HLH) are specified (that is the number.ofhours in a season during which cooling or heating are required) and fractions· of total load hours for each temperature bin. The airconditioning performance is evaluated for one standardizedclimate where the total numberofhours that require cooling capacity (CLH) is 3825 hours. For climates where heating is required, there are six typical climate regions distinguished by their total heating load hours (HLH) and the heating load design temperature. The first region has a total of 750 heating load hours. It represents a very moderate climate found in Florida or southern Texas, Exhibit 5. The lowest temperature bin encountered is usually in the range of 22 F for about one hour during a typical season. The most severe climate region (Region V) is found in a belt through the northern states in the US and the total heating loadhours are given as 2750 hours. The lowest temperature bin is at -23 F. Asixth region is introduced to account for the Pacific North West. The number of cooling load hours is very high, 2750 hours, even though the temperatures areverymoderate, the lowesttemperaturebin is at 22 Fjust as in Region I, i.e. Florida. With the help of the map in Exhibit 5, it is possible to select for any location in the US the appropriate region and determine the seasonal heating performance for a heat pump.
24 

# us. Exhibit 5 shows a map indicating the heating climates.
InExhibit 4 the total numberofcooling loadhours (CLH) and heatingloadhours (HLH) arespecified (thatisthenumberofhours in a season during which cooling or heating are required) and fractions·of total load hours for each temperature bin. The airconditioningperformance isevaluatedfor one standardizedclimate wherethetotalnumberofhoursthatrequirecoolingcapacity (CLH) is 3825 hours. Forclimateswhereheating is required, there are sixtypical climate regions distinguished by their total heating load hours (HLH) and the heating load design temperature. The first region has a total of 750 heating load hours. It represents a very moderate climate found in Florida or southern Texas, Exhibit 5. The lowest temperature bin encountered is usually in the range of 22 F for about one hour during a typical season. The most severe climate region (RegionV) is found in a belt through the northern states intheUS andthetotalheating loadhours aregivenas 2750 hours. The lowest temperaturebin is at -23 F. Asixth region is introduced to account for the Pacific North West. The number of cooling load hours is very high, 2750 hours, even though the temperaturesareverymoderate, thelowesttemperaturebinisat22 Fjust as in Region I, i.e. Florida. With the help of the map in Exhibit 5, it ispossibleto select for any location intheUS the appropriate region and determine the seasonal heatingperformance for a heat pump.
24

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### In the evaluation of the HSPF, resistance heat is included. The resistance heat is treated as an additional power input to the heat pump with a coefficient of performance (COP) of 1.0 whenever the heating capacity of the heat pump drops below the building requirement. Forthe results presentedhere no concentration shift is considered which is discussed later in detail. Exhibit 6 shows

a sample calculation. The upper section pertains to cooling, the lower to the first of the six heating cases. In the upper left hand corner, the name of the refrigerant is listed (here R22/R22, since this is the case of pure R22). In addition, the CLH of 3825 hours and the cooling design temperature of 95 F are given. Next, the COP's are listed for two conditions, 95 F and 82 F outdoor temperatures respectively, and the design cooling capacity of 3.5 kW is given. The first column lists the bin nUmber, the second lists the characteristic bin temperature in F, and the third the temperature in K. The fourth column gives the fraction of time during which a temperature is found in the respective bin, the fifth lists the cooling capacity, the sixth column shows the amount of cooling provided for one hour and the seventh column the COP of the air-conditioner for the respective temperature bin. The COP is linearly interpolated based on the two values listed above. The eighth column gives the power requirement for the compressor. The ninth column lists the amount of electric energy consumed for one hour of cooling while the temperature is in the respective temperature bin. The over all results are listed irithe tenth

27 

### In the evaluation of the HSPF, resistance heat is included. The resistance heat is treated as an additional power input to the heat pump with a coefficient of performance (COP) of 1.0 whenever the heating capacity of the heat pump drops below the building requirement. Fortheresultspresentedherenoconcentrationshift is considered which is discussed later in detail. Exhibit 6 shows

a sample calculation. The upper section pertains to cooling, the lower to the first of the six heating cases. In the upper left hand corner, the name of the refrigerant is listed (here R22/R22, since this is

.the case of pure R22). In addition, the CLH of 3825 hours and the cooling design temperature of 95 F are given. Next,

·the COP's are listed for two conditions, 95 F and 82 F outdoor temperatures respectively, and the design cooling capacity of 3.5 kW is given. The first column lists the bin number, the second lists the characteristic bin temperature in F, and the third the temperature in K. The fourth column gives the fraction of time during which a temperature is found in the respective bin, the fifth liststhecoolingcapacity, the sixthcolumn showsthe amount of cooling provided for one hour and the seventh column the COP of the air-conditioner fortherespectivetemperaturebin. TheCOP is linearly interpolated based on the two values listed above. The eighth column gives the power requirement for the compressor. The ninth column lists the amount of electric energy consumed for one hour of cooling while the temperature is in the respective temperature bin. The over all results are listed iri the tenth

27

### Exhibit 

### 6: Sample Seasonal Performance Calculation.
FLUID R22/R22 SEASONAL COOLINGPERFORMANCE CLH 3825 DESIGN T: 95 COP (95) 3.37 COP (82) 4.34 DESIGN CAPACITY 95 F(kW): 3.5 BINTEMP CLH FRAC. CLOAD CLOAD COP POWER BIN j F K klJ klJh/h kW kWh/h 1 67 292.6 0.214 0.233 0.050 5.46 0.043 0.009 2 72 295.4 0.231 0.817 0.189 5.09 0.161 0.037 3 77 298.2 0.216 1.400 0.302· 4.71 0.297 0.064 4 82 300.9 0.161 1.983 0.319 4.34 0.457 0.074 5 87 303.7 0.104 2.567 0.267 3.97 0.647 0.067 6 92 306.5 0.052 3.150 0.164 3.59 0.876 0.046kWhel CSPF 7 97 309.3 0.018 3.733 0.067 3.22 1.159 0.021 1238. .4.25 8 102 312.0 0.004 4.317 0.017 2.85 1.516 0.006CkWh TOTALENERGY 1.376 0.324 5261.
SEASONAL HEATINGPERFORMANCE HLH 750DESIGN T: 37 kWhel HSPF COP (47) 3.67 47 284. 3.55 COP (17) 2.57 HkWh DESIGN CAPACITY 35 F(kW): 3.5 1006. BINTEMP HLH FRAC. HLOAD HLOAD COP ,POWER RESISTANCE BIN tI F K kW kWh/h kW kWh/h kW kWh/h 1 62 289.8 0.291 0.350 0.102 4.22 0.083 0.024 0 0 2 57 287.0 0.239 0.933 0.223 4.04 0.231 0.055 0 0 3 52 284.3 0.194 1.517 0.294 3.85 0.394 0.076 0 0 4 47 281.5 0.129 2.100 0.271

. 3.67 0.572 0.074 0 0 5 42 278.7 0.081 2.683 0.217 3.49 0.770 0.062 0 0 6 37 275.9 0.041 3.267 0.134 3.30 0.989 0.041 0 0 7 32 273.2 0.019 3.850 0.073 3.12 1.234 0.023 0.35 0.006 8 27 270.4 0.005 4.433 0.022 2.94 1.510 0.008 0.93 0.005 9 22 267.6 0.001 5.017 0.005 2.75 1.822 0.002 1.52 0.002 10 17 264.8 0 5.600 0.000 2.57 2.179 0.000 2.10 0 11 12 262.0 0 6.183 0.000 2.39 2.591 0.000 2.68 0 12 7 259.3 0 6.767 0.000 2.20 3.071 0.000 3.27 0 13 2 256.5 0 7.350 0.000 2.02 3.639 0.000 3.85 0 14 -3 253.7 0 7.933 0.000 1.84 4.319 0.000 4.43 0 15 -8 250.9 0 8.517 0.000 1.65 5.151 0.000 5.02 0 16 -13 248.2 0 9.100 0.000 1.47 6.190 0.000 5.60 0 17 -18 245.4 0 9.683 0.000 1.29 7.526 0.000 6.18 0 18 -23 242.6 0 10.267 0.000 1.10 9.305 0.000 6.77 0 TOTAL ENERGY 1.342 0.365 0.013


### column as total electric energy consumed for the season in kWhel and total amount of cooling provided in kWhc. The ratio of these two numbers yields the CSPF of 4.25. The lower section of Exhibit 6 refers to the same calculation for the first heating case. In this case the lowest temperature bin for which heating is required is 22 F. The meaning of the first nine columns is the same as for the upper section of the

28 

### Exhibit 

### 6: Sample Seasonal Performance Calculation.
FLUID R22/R22 SEASONAL COOLINGPERFORMANCE CLH 3825DESIGN T: 95 COP (95) 3.37 COP (82) 4.34 DESIGN CAPACITY 95 F(kW): 3.5 BINTEMP CLH FRAC. CLOAD CLOAD COP POWER BIN j F K kW kWh/h kW kWh/h 1 67 292.6 0.214 0.233 0.050 5.46 0.043 0.009 2 72 295.4 0.231 0.817 0.189 5.09 0.161 0.037 3 

## n 298.2 0.216 1.400 0.302· 4.71 0.297 0.064 4 82 300.9 0.161 1.983 0.319 4.34 0.457 0.074 5 87 303.7 0.104 2.567 0.267 3.97 0.647 0.067 6 92 306.5 0.052 3.150 0.164 3.59 0.876 0.046kWhel CSPF 7 97 309.3 0.018 3.733 0.067 3.22 1.159 0.021 1238. .4.25 8 102 312.0 0.004 4.317 0.017 2.85 1.516 0.006CkWh TOTALENERGY 1.376 0.324 5261.
SEASONAL HEATINGPERFORMANCE HLH 750DESIGN T: 37 kWhel HSPF COP (47) 3.67 47 284. 3.55 COP (17) 2.57 HkWh DESIGN CAPACITY 35 F(kW): 3.5 1006. BINTEMP HLH FRAC. HLOAD HLOAD COP ,POWER RESISTANCE BIN tI F K kW kWh/h kW kWh/h kW kWh/h 1 62 289.8 0.291 0.350 0.102 4.22 0.083 0.024 0 0 2 57 287.0 0.239 0.933 0.223 4.04 0.231 0.055 0 0 3 52 284.3 0.194 1.517 0.294 3.85 0.394 0.076 0 0 4 47 281.5 0.129 2.100 0.271

. 3.67 0.572 0.074 0 0 5 42 278.7 0.081 2.683 0.217 3.49 

## o.no 0.062 0 0 6 37 275.9 0.041 3.267 0.134 3.30 0.989 0.041 0 0 7 32 273.2 0.019 3.850 0.073 3.12 1.234 0.023 0.35 0.006 8 27 270.4 0.005 4.433 0.022 2.94 1.510 0.008 0.93 0.005 9 22 267.6 0.001 5.017 0.005 2.75 1.822 0.002 1.52 0.002 10 17 264.8 0 5.600 0.000 2.57 2.179 0.000 2.10 0 11 12 262.0 0 6.183 0.000 2.39 2.591 0.000 2.68 0 12 7 259.3 0 6.767 0.000 2.20 3.071 0.000 3.27 0 13 2 256.5 0 7.350 0.000 2.02 3.639 0.000 3.85 0 14 -3 253.7 0 7.933 0.000 1.84 4.319 0.000 4.43 0 15 -8 250.9 0 8.517 0.000 1.65 5.151 0.000 5.02 0 16 -13 248.2 0 9.100 0.000 1.47 6.190 0.000 5.60 0 17 -18 245.4 0 9.683 0.000 1.29 7.526 0.000 6.18 0 18 -23 242.6 0 10.267 0.000 1.10 9.305 0.000 

## 6.n 0 TOTAL ENERGY 1.342 0.365 0.013


### column as total electric energy consumed for the season in kWhel and total amount of cooling provided in kWhc. The ratio of these two numbers yields the CSPF of 4.25. The lower section of Exhibit 6 refers to the same calculation for the first heating case. In this case the lowest temperature bin for which heating is required is 22 F. The meaning of the first nine columns is the same as for the upper section of the

28

### table, with the term 'cooling' replaced by 'heating'. The tenth and eleventh columns show the power requirement and consumption of electric energy due to the resistance heat. Zeros in the eleventh column indicate that no resistance heat 

## is needed because the heat 'pump capacity 

## is sufficient (for high bin temperatures) or no heating**~s** 

### required at all (below a bin temperature of 22 F in this case). All seasonalperformancecalculationswereperformedaccording to this method for the fluids listed in the Chapter 4.2.

4.0 Results and Discussions 4.1 Performance Under Design Conditions A total of 500 runs were conducted with HAC1 to determine the performance of the pure components and their mixtures listed in Chapter 2.3. An additional 190 runs were conducted with the ternary version, HACT1, for the three ternary mixtures. The results for all runs are available in data files that contain complete printouts as shown in Exhibit 3. 

### Each run also generates
a short output file that contains the most crucial results. The short output files for all runs are listed in Appendix 2 with a list of code numbers for the refrigerants. The following parameters are listed in the short output files: ,fluid code numbers, R1, R2; mixing coefficient, 

### FO; concentration, x (mass fraction); COP; volumetric capacity, VCR; pressure ratio, PR; suction pressure, Ps; discharge pressure, Pd; cooling load, CLOAD; compressor work, WORK; the compressor discharge temperature, Tsup;
29 table, with the term 'cooling' replaced by 'heating'. The tenth and eleventhcolumns show thepower requirement and consumptionof electric energydue to the resistanceheat. Zeros in the eleventh column indicate that no resistance heat 

## is neededbecause the heat

.pump capacity 

## is sufficient (for high bin temperatures) or no heating**~s** 

### required at all (belowa bintemperature of 22 F inthis case). Allseasonalperformancecalculationswereperformedaccording to this method for the fluids listed in the Chapter 4.2.

4.0 Results and Discussions 4.1 Performance Under Design Conditions A total of 500 runs were conducted with HAC1 to determine the performance of the pure components and their mixtures listed in Chapter 2.3. An additional 190 runs were conducted with the ternary version, HACT1, for the three ternary mixtures. The results for all runs are available in data files that contain complete printouts as shown inExhibit 3. 

### Each run alsogenerates
a short output file that contains the most crucial results. The short output files for all runs are listed in Appendix 2 with a list of code numbers for the refrigerants. The following parameters are listed in the short output files: fluid code numbers, R1, R2; mixing coefficient, FO; 

### concentra· tion, x (mass fraction); COP; volumetric capacity, VCR; pressure ratio, PR; suctionpressure, Ps; dischargepressure, Pd; cooling load, CLOAD; compressorwork, WORK; the compressordischarge temperature, Tsup;
29

### and the evaporator air inlet temperature 

## in C, Tairin. The first set lists all mixture runs at design conditions. The second set lists those runs that were used for seasonal performance calculations. It contains R22 values for comparison. In this chapter the results are discussed that were obtained for the design conditions at 95 F outdoor air temperature for air conditioning and 47 F outdoor air temperature for heating. Exhibits 7 through 9 show the COP and vOlumetric capacity for the cooling cases of the binary mixtures listed 

## in Chapter 2.3. R22 has a cooling COP 3.37 and a volumetric capacity of 3735 kJ/m3• 

### In this simulation, the heating COP is calculated for a cooling

case under heating conditions. Therefore, 

## in order to obtain the true heating COP the values shown 

## in the Appendix have to be increased by 1.0. This was considered 

## in the evaluation of the seasonal performance. Based on the peak performance for cooling, the mixture concentration is selected that will be used for the investigation of the seasonal performance. A comparison of the concentrations atwhich optimumperformance is achieved for cooling and those at which the heating performance is optimum yields that there are only minor differences of less than 0.1. Therefore, the

30 

### and the evaporator air inlet temperature 

## in C, Tairin. The first set lists all mixture runs at design conditions. The second set lists those runs that were used for seasonal performance calculations. It contains R22 values for comparison. In this chapter the results are discussed that were obtained for the design conditions at 95 F outdoor air temperature for air conditioning and 47 F outdoor air temperature for heating. Exhibits 7 through 9 showthe COP andvolumetric capacity for the cooling cases of the binary mixtures listed 

## in Chapter 2.3. R22 has a cooling COP 3.37 and a volumetric capacityof 3735

## kJ/m3. In this simulation, the heating COP 

## is calculated for a cooling

case under heating conditions. Therefore, 

## in order to obtain the true heating COP the values shown in the Appendix have to be increased by 1.0. This was considered 

## in the evaluation of the seasonal performance. Based on the peak performance for cooling, the mixture concentration is selected that will be used for the investigation of the seasonal performance. A comparison of the concentrationsatwhichoptimumperformanceisachievedforcooling and those at which the heating performance is optimum yields that there are only minor differences of less than 0.1. Therefore, the

30

## Exhibit 7: Coolina COP and Volumetric Capacity for Binary Refrigerant Mixtures.

COP

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### 0.6 0.8 1.0 ConcentrationofR-32
R·32/R·134 -.- R·32/R·,34a

..... R-32/R·124 -.E"' R·32/R-152a 

### 31 

## Exhibit 7: Coolina COP and Volumetric Capacity for Binary Refrigerant M ixtures.

COP

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## 0.8 1.0 ConcentrationofR-32**~** R·32/R-134**~** R-32/R-'34a

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### -.a:- R-32/R-152a 

### 31

### Exhibit 8: Cooling COP and Volumetric Capacity for Binary Refrigerant Mixtures.

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### 0.6 0.8 1.0 

### ConcentrationofR-143a
R·143a/R·134a .... R·143a/R·124 R·143a/R·152a 

### 32 

### Exhibit 8: Cooling COP and Volumetric Capacity for Binary Refrigerant Mixtures.

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.... ---_IL""'''' 

# I . ." '.

<



### , !**~** 

# ! 

# i j' 

## I j 

# ! I! 1 

# ! j 2**-4-----+----~-----+----~-----+----~----~-----+----~----~** l**~ ~** **~** VCR(Btultt3) 

## l

## 180~~---+----~----~1----~----~-----+----~----~----~----~

100"

--. ..........."

....

# ~- ........"t· ·....•........

### · · ·J

..................'!

........··•
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# ::--i~~~~:t;**·· ;'~** **~~ ~!::::~** **~~~ ~==~** **~~jl j** **~~r ~~:t=~=r** 

o-+
____**~----~----~--~-----+----~----~--~~--~----~** 

## o 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 

### ConcentrationofR-143a 

### -II- R-143a/R-134a
... R-143a/R-124

___ R-143a/R-152a 

### 32

### Exhibit 9: Cooling COl? and Volumetric Capacity for Binary Refrigerant Mixtures.

COP 4...,.

__......__......__"""!'""

......__--.,..

__**~-___,**



### 3 . 5··.. ·1·

# ~-=··_·:::: ..·:

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=·

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.. I 

### .l ' 

# "'r'"**.~--**

60 160-.-- 

### 2

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### ----!----f---.;.----;o---+-----!'"---+--....;.----t
VCI/(soH 

# I 180**--1~-+---+---+--____!--~--** 

### ........**--~-~--__i_----I** 

### 1



## I : :: : : ; : ! VCR;'22 100-

# ~.~,......• ..···,·..

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### 20

1.0 

### 0.2 

## o o**-I--.....,l---~--+---+l----;----+----;----;lr---!----t** 0.4 0.6 0.8 

### ConcentrationofR·125

.... R·125/R·134a 

### -+- R·125/R·124 

### R·125/R·152a 

### 33 

### Exhibit 9: Cooling COl? and Volumetric Capacity for Binary Refrigerant Mixtures.

COP 4**~**____**~**____**~**__________________________**~**____**~**____**~**__**~**



### 3.5··- - 1·

# ~-::·-:: ..·::::

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# COp~~;;....· ....· 1 

### oL

.. 

## 0" 01'.0

..

.**~--**

VCR{Btulr**2-4----~----~----~--~-----+----+-----~---+----~--~**

.**~**

# I**180~----~----+----4----~----+---~----~----~---+--~**



### 1

20**O-+----+---~----~----~---+----~---+----+---~----;** 1 ! 

## o 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 ConcentrationofR-125

..... R-125/R-134a 

### -+- R·125/R-124 ..... R-125/R-152a 

### 33

## same concentration can be used for both cases without any significant penalties in COP. 

## As a comparison of the Exhibits 7-9 shows, the cooling COP 

## spans a rather wide range from 2.45 for R125 to a maximum of 3.83 for the mixture of R32/R152a/R124 with a concentration of 0.2/0.2/0.6. Theresults obtained forbinary and ternarymixtures are summarized in Exhibits 10 and lOa. R22 is listed first as reference. Mixtures are listed in sequence according to their performance. The best mixture was found to be a ternary ofR32/R152a/R124. The COP 

## is 13.7 %

## larger and the volumetric capacity 23 %

## smaller than the respective values for R22. The mixture R32/R124 is the best binary fluid pair. The COP 

## is 13.4 %

## largerand thevolumetric capacity 9.6 %

## smallerthan for R22. The ternary mixture ofR32/R152a/R134 ranks third and is the best chlorine-free fluid, followed by the binary mixture R32/R152a with 12.1 %

## improvement in COP 

## and with a volumetric capacity that is 2 %

## larger as that of R22. R32/R152a provides essentially the
same capacity than R22 and could be used as a drop-in replacement. The fifth rankedmixture is thebinary R32/R134. The sixthmixture which is the last showing an improvement in excess of 11 %

## in COP


## overR22 is R32/R152a/R134a. Thebestheating performance is found for the same (or only marginally different) concentrations that show maximum cooling performance. Since the operating conditions in heating are more severe, i.e. the temperature lift is larger, the increase in COP 

## is less pronounced than for cooling.
34 same concentration can be used for both cases without any significantpenalties in COP. 

## As a comparison of the Exhibits 7-9 shows, the cooling COP 

## spans a rather wide range from 2.45 for R125 to a maximum of 3.83 for the mixture of R32/R152a/R124 with a concentration of 0.2/0.2/0.6. Theresultsobtainedforbinaryandternarymixturesaresummarized in Exhibits 10 and lOa. R22 is listed first as reference. Mixtures are listed in sequence according to theirperformance. Thebestmixturewas found tobe a ternaryofR32/R152a/R124. The COP 

## is 13.7 %

## larger and the volumetric capacity 23 %

## smaller than the respective values for R22. The mixture R32/R124 is the best binary fluid pair. The COP 

## is 13.4 %

## largerandthevolumetriccapacity9.6 %

## smallerthanfor R22. Theternarymixture ofR32/R152a/R134 ranks third and isthe bestchlorine-free fluid, followed bythebinarymixtureR32/R152a with 12.1 %

## improvement in COP 

## andwith a volumetriccapacitythat is 2 %

## larger as that of R22. R32/R152a provides essentially the
same capacitythanR22 and couldbeused as a drop-inreplacement. Thefifthrankedmixture isthebinaryR32/R134. Thesixthmixture which isthe last showing an improvement in excess of 11 %

## in COP


## overR22 isR32/R152a/R134a. Thebestheatingperformanceisfound for the same (or only marginally different) concentrations that showmaximum coolingperformance. Since the operating conditions in heating are more severe, i.e. the temperature lift is larger, the increase in COP 

## is less pronounced than for cooling.
34

### Exhibit 10: COP of Mixtures in Sequence. According to Their Performance. R22 is listed first as reference. For ternaries the amount of R152a was traded for amounts of the third component. (concentration in mass fraction) IR1 IR2 IR3 x1 )(2 )(3 COP Change VCR PR PSUC POlS Tsup % kJ/m3 kPa kPa I( R22 R22 1 3.37 0 3735 3.3 614 2015 360 R32 R152a R124 0.2 0.2 0.6 3.83 13.7 2878 3.4 412 1409 352 R32 R124 0.3 0.7 3.82 13.4 3377 3.3 495 1650 355 R32 R152a R134 0.3 0.4 0.3 3.79 12.6 3439 3.4 493 1672 363 R32 R152a 0.4 0.6 3.78 12.1 3809 3.3 551 1833 363 R32 R134 0.3 0.7 3.77 11.8 3512 3.4 512 1740 354 R32 R152a R134a 0.4 0.5 0.1 3.76 11.7 3865 3.3 563 1872 358 R125 R152a 0.2 0.8 3.58 6.2 2511 3.6 372 1324 348 R32 R134a 0.3 0.7 3.58 6.2 3820 3.4 589 1993 354 R143aR124 0.3 0.7 3.57 5.9 2170 3.5 339 1175 338 R143a R152a 0.1 0.9 3.57 5.9 2413 3.6 353 1271 350 R152a R152a 1 3.56 5.8 2308 3.7 332 1219 351 R134 R134 1 3.44 2.0 1940 3.84 287 1104 338 R134a R134a 1 3.33 -1.2 2342 3.72 369 1373 340 R32 R32 1 3.23 -4.2 6227 3.35 1005 3363 382 R124 R124 1 3.04 -9.8 1382 3.94 208 817 337 R143a R143a 1 2.89 -14.3 3441 3.11 740 2301 339 R125 R125 1 2.45 -27.4 3305 3.31 821 2718 336
IR1 IR2 IR3 Xl X2 )(3 COP Change VCR PR PSUC POlS Tsup
., BTU/ft3 psia psia F ., R22 R22 1 3.37 0 100 3.3 89 292 189 R32 R152a R124 0.2 0.2 0.6 3.83 13.7 77 3.4 60 204 174 R32 R124 0.3 0.7 3.82 13.4 91 3.3 72 240 180 R32 R152a R134 0.3 0.4 0.3 3.79 12.6 92 3.4 72 243 194 R32 R152a 0.4 0.6 3.78 12.1 102 3.3 80 266 194 R32 R134 0.3 0.7 3.77 11.8 94 3.4 74 252 177 R32 R152aR134a 0.4 0.5 0.1 3.76 11.7 103 3.3 82 272 185 R125 R152a 0.2 0.8 3.58 6.2 67 3.6 54 192 167 R32 R134a 0.3 0.7 3.58 6.2 102 3.4 86 289 177 R143aR124 0.3 0.7 3.57 5.9 58 3.5 49 171 149 R143aR152a 0.1 0.9 3.57 5.9 65 3.6 51 184 171 R152a R152a 1 3.56 5.8 62 3.7 48 177 173 R134 R134 1 3.44 2.0 52 3.8 42 160 148 R134aR134a 1 3.33 -1.2 63 3.7 53 199 152 R32 R32 1 3.23 -4.2 167 3.4 146 488 227 R124 R124 1 3.04 -9.8 37 3.9 30 119 147 R143a R143a 1 2.89 -14.3 92 3.1 107 334 151 R125 R125 1 2.45 -27.4 89 3.3 119 394 146



### 35 

### Exhibit 10: COP of Mixtures in Sequence. According to Their Performance. R22 is listed first as reference. For ternaries the amount of R152a was traded for amounts of the third component. (concentration in mass fraction) IR1 IR2 IR3 xl X2 X3 COP Change VCR PR PSUC POlS Tsup % kJ/m3 kPa kPa K R22 R22 1 3.37 0 3735 3.3 614 2015 360 R32 R152a R124 0.2 0.2 0.6 3.83 13.7 2878 3.4 412 1409 352 R32 R124 0.3 0.7 3.82 13.4 3377 3.3 495 1650 355 R32 R152a R134 0.3 0.4 0.3 3.79 12.6 3439 3.4 493 1672 363 R32 R152a 0.4 0.6 3.78 12.1 3809 3.3 551 1833 363 R32 R134 0.3 0.7 3.77 11.8 3512 3.4 512 1740 354 R32 R152a R134a 0.4 0.5 0.1 3.76 11.7 3865 3.3 563 1872 358 R125 R152a 0.2 0.8 3.58 6.2 2511 3.6 372 1324 348 R32 R134a 0.3 0.7 3.58 6.2 3820 3.4 589 1993 354 R143aR124 0.3 0.7 3.57 5.9 2170 3.5 339 1175 338 R143a R152a 0.1 0.9 3.57 5.9 2413 3.6 353 1271 350 R152a R152a 1 3.56 5.8 2308 3.7 332 1219 351 R134 R134 1 3.44 2.0 1940 3.84 287 1104 338 R134a R134a 1 3.33 -1.2 2342 3.72 369 1373 340 R32 R32 1 3.23 -4.2 6227 3.35 1005 3363 382 R124 R124 1 3.04 -9.8 1382 3.94 208 817 337 R143a R143a 1 2.89 -14.3 3441 3.11 740 2301 339 R125 R125 1 2.45 -27.4 3305 3.31 821 2718 336
IR1 IR2 IR3 X1 X2 X3 COP Change VCR PR PSUC POlS Tsup
., BTU/ft3 psia psia F ., R22 R22 1 3.37 0 100 3.3 89 292 189 R32 R152a R124 0.2 0.2 0.6 3.83 13.7 77 3.4 60 204 174 R32 R124 0.3 0.7 3.82 13.4 91 3.3 72 240 180 R32 R152a R134 0.3 0.4 0.3 3.79 12.6 92 3.4 72 243 194 R32 R152a 0.4 0.6 3.78 12.1 102 3.3 80 266 194 R32 R134 0.3 0.7 3.77 11.8 94 3.4 74 252 177 R32 R152aR134a 0.4 0.5 0.1 3.76 11.7 103 3.3 82 272 185 R125 R152a 0.2 0.8 3.58 6.2 67 3.6 54 192 167 R32 R134a 0.3 0.7 3.58 6.2 102 3.4 86 289 177 R143aR124 0.3 0.7 3.57 5.9 58 3.5 49 171 149 R143aR152a 0.1 0.9 3.57 5.9 65 3.6 51 184 171 R152a R152a 1 3.56 5.8 62 3.7 48 177 173 R134 R134 1 3.44 2.0 52 3.8 42 160 148 R134aR134a 1 3.33 -1.2 63 3.7 53 199 152 R32 R32 1 3.23 -4.2 167 3.4 146 488 227 R124 R124 1 3.04 -9.8 37 3.9 30 119 147 R143a R143a 1 2.89 -14.3 92 3.1 107 334 151 R125 R125 1 2.45 -27.4 89 3.3 119 394 146



### 35

# Exhibit10a: 

# BestSubstitutesforR-22,(H

..22ListedFirstIS

# Hefrence)

(VCRkJlm'r (2878)(UT7J(3439) 

### (38011) 

### (3512)(3865) 

### (2511)

### (3820) (2170)(2413) 

### (2308) (1940)(2342) (6227)(1382) (3441)



## 2 

## 3

1 

## COP

I 

## 4



# oI**I»~>'** 

## "»1 I":" I">}">J '»)1 I>}>I b»] I»>' 1'\»1 

### ':'\').1 

### "»] 

## "'i'r"

..:'»" b,\" 

## I'»'",'\]

# "'>'"

# "»' W 0\



## R-22 

## I R-32/

# I R-32/

# I R-32/

# I R-32/

# I R-143a1 

# I R-134 

# I R-32 

# I R-143a R-124 R-152a R-152a1 R-134a R-152 R-134a • R-321 R-32/ R-32/ R-125/ R-143a1 R-152a1 R-134a R-124 R-152 R-152a1 R-152a1 R-134 R-152a R-124

R-124 R-134



## *Numbersinparenthesesrepresentthevolumetriccapacity(VCRkJ/m3)

## foreachrefrigerant 

# Exhibit10a: 

# BestSubstitutesforR-22,(H-22ListedFirstasHefrence)
COP 4



## 3

2

1

R-22 (2878)(3377)(3439) (3809) 

### (3512)(3865)



## R-32! R-32! R-124 R-1S2a R-32/ R-1S2a/

R-124 R-32! R-1S2a/

R-134 (2511)(3820) (2170)

### (2413) (2308) (1940)

### (2342) (6227)



## R-32! R-32! R-143a/

.R-134 R-32 R-1S2a/ R-134a R-152 R-134a R-32! R-12S! R-143a/ R-1S2a/ R-134a R-134 R-1S2a R-124


## *Numbersinparenthesesrepresentthevolumetriccapacity(VCRkJ!m3)

## foreachrefrigerant 

## (VCRkJlm'r

(1382) (3441)



## R-143a

R-124 R-152

### Of the pure fluids R152a ranks best with a 5.8 

## % improvement
over R22, followed by R134 with 2 

## %improvement and R134a with a 1 

## %decrease. These results indicate that R152a, R134 and R134a can be used as replacement refrigerants, achieving better or about equal performance as R22. However, the vOlumetric capacity of these replacements is about 40 

## %smaller, which requires the use of

a 40 

# %larger compressor. In Appendix 2 all summary data for all binarymixture runs are listed in English units. In Appendix 3 results for the calculations with ternary refrigerant mixtures are presented in English units. The best ternary mixture contains R124 with a concentration of 0.6 indicating that the flammability could be reduced compared to the pure constituents,R32 and R152a. For the other ternary fluids this effect is less pronounced. This analysis presents an idealized condition. To what extent the savings found in this study can be implemented will depend strongly on the actual equipment design and on secondary effects such as the influence of pressure drops, superheating of the refrigerant in the compressor, and superheating and**subcool~ng** 

### in the evaporator and condenser.



### 4.2 Seasonal Performance The calculation of the seasonal performance was conducted for the following fluids and mixtures: the reference fluid R22, R32/R152a, R32/R134, R32/R134a and R32/R124. The ternary mixtures are not

37 

### Of the pure fluids R152a ranks best with a 5.8 

## %improvement
overR22, followed by R134 with 2 

## %improvement and R134a with a 1 

## %decrease. These results indicate that R152a, R134 andR134a can be used as replacement refrigerants, achieving better or about equal performance as R22. However, the volumetric capacity of these replacements is about 40 

## %smaller, whichrequirestheuseof

a 40 

# %larger compressor. InAppendix 2 all summarydata for allbinarymixtureruns are listed in English units. In Appendix 3 results for the calculations with ternary refrigerant mixtures are presented in English units. ThebestternarymixturecontainsR124 witha concentrationof 0.6 indicating that the flammability could be reduced compared to thepure constituents, R32 andR152a. Forthe otherternary fluids this effect is less pronounced. Thisanalysispresents anidealizedcondition. Towhatextent the savings found in this study can be implemented will depend strongly on the actual equipment design and on secondary effects such as the influence of pressure drops, superheating of the refrigerant in the compressor, and superheating and subcooli

. ng in the evaporator and condenser.



### 4.2 Seasonal Performance The calculation of the seasonal performance was conducted for the following fluids andmixtures: the reference fluidR22, R32/R152a, R32/Rl34, R32/R134a and R32/R124. The ternary mixtures are not

37

### included to shorten calculation times. It is expected that the seasonal performance of the ternary mixtures will be quite similar to the binary mixture of the same performance level. Since the steady state performance under design conditions showed clearly that mixtures containing R32 are the primary candidates for replacing R22, the seasonal performance evaluation is limited to these mixtures. The pure components were included to demonstrate that the fluid with the betterperformanceunderdesign conditions shows also the better seasonal performance. Exhibit 11 shows a bar chart of the seasonal performance factor (SPF) for both heating and cooling seasons. The first group of bars represents the cooling seasonal performance factor, CSPF, and the subsequent groups represent the six climate regions for heating. A comparison of the fluids indicates, that when a fluid performs better in the cooling case it will usually be better in the heating case. Since the actual performance of any working fluids depends strongly on the hardware design, the ranking may vary with actual applications. The mixtures containing R32 show significant improvements,· while some of the pure fluids show a reduction in the SPF compared to R22. As can be expected from previous discussions, the mixture R32/R152a exhibits the best seasonal performance, followed by R32/R134 and R32/R134a, while pure R125 shows the poorest. The last four lines in this table are explained in the section 'Concentration Shift'.

38 

### included to shorten calculation times. It is expected that the seasonal performance of the ternarymixtures will be quite similar to the binary mixture of the same performance level. Since the steady state performance under design conditions showed clearly that mixtures containing R32 are the primary candidates for replacing R22, the seasonal performance evaluation is limitedtothesemixtures. Thepure componentswere includedto demonstratethatthe fluidwiththebetterperformanceunderdesign conditions shows also the better seasonal performance. Exhibit 11 shows a bar chart of the seasonal performance factor (SPF) forbothheatingand cooling seasons. The firstgroup of bars represents the cooling seasonal performance factor, CSPF, and the subsequent groups represent the six climate regions for heating. A comparison of the fluids indicates, that when a fluid performs better in the cooling case it will usually be better in the heating case. since the actual performance of any working fluids depends strongly on the hardware design, the ranking may vary with actual applications. The mixtures containing R32 show significant improvements,·while some of the pure fluids show a reduction in the SPF compared to R22. As can be expected from previous discussions, the mixture R32/R152a exhibits the best seasonal performance, followed by R32/R134 and R32/R134a, while pureR125 shows thepoorest. The last four lines inthistable are explained in the section 'Concentration Shift'.

38

# Exhibit11: 

# SeasonalPerformanceofR-22andtheFiveBestReplacements forOneCoolingandSixHeatingClimates
-

SPF 

## 6

5

4



## 3



## 2

1


# o I I>..,;:;:::;;:c=y:o • I ." l::::::::::r==y4 • I I>'::::;':':r=-J(4 -, I')J:.:.:.:-:r=J(<' -, 1'\1:::;;::;r=J("'" -, I), ] r-=t/et -, l),l::;::::::t=-t.fJ- -, 

### CSPF HSPFI HSPFII HSPF

## III

. HSPF

## IV HSPFV 

## HSPFVI


## R-22 1::;mI:t:::::::1

## R-321R-152A R-321R-134 R-321R-134a 

# [::::j R-321R-124 

# Exhibit11: 

# SeasonalPerformanceofR-22andtheFiveBestReplacements forOneCoolingandSixHeatingClimates
-

SPF 

## 6

5

4**~**

## 3



## 2

1

CSPF HSPFI HSPFII HSPF

## III

. HSPF

## IV HSPFV 

## HSPFVI

## ~ R-22

## 1~**:tilJl:::::::: 1** R-321R-152A

## ~R-321R-134

## ~R-321R-134a 

# 1«:::)R-321R-124

### Exhibit 12: Seasonal Performance Factors (SPFl for One Cooling and six Heating Climates. The last four lines pertain to the influence of composition shift, when a rectifier is used.
FLUID CSPF HSPF I HSPF II HSPF III HSPF IV HSPFV HSPFVI R22 4.25 3.55 3.13 2.1 2.06 1.58 3.24 R321R124 4.84 3.94 3.44 2.94 2.2 1.67 3.18 R321R134 4.19 3.86 3.38 2.9 2.11 1.65 3.11 R321R152a 4.11 3.88 3.39 2.91 2.19 1.66 3.13 R143a/R124 4.59 3.61 3.21 2.15 2.01 1.56 3.52 R321R134a 4.51 3.11 3.25 2.19 2.11 1.6 3.56 R125/R152a 4.5 3.1 3.24 2.8 2.12 1.61 3.56 R143a/R152a 4.41 3.1 3.25 2.8 2.12 1.62 3.56 R152a 4.45 3.7 3.25 2.8 2.12 1.62 3.56 R125/R124 4.45 3.62 3.15 2.1 2.03 1.52 3.41 R134a 4.23 3.48 3.06 2.64 2.01 1.53 3.35
R32/R152a 4.11 3.82 3.34 2.81 2.16 1.65 3.61 R321R152a 4.84 3.62 3.21 2.19 2.13 1.65 3.5 R321R124 4.84 3.94 3.44 2.94 2.2 1.61 3.18 R32/R124 3.949 3.908 3.629 3.209 2.439 1.801 3.801



### 4.3 Concentration Shift In order to determine the suitability of the mixtures for capacity control by concentration shift, the ratios of the maximum to minimum capacity are compared. The numeric values are listed in Exhibit 13. The maximum andminimumvalues are for the pure fluids which constitute a given mixture. Although in reality only a fraction of this ratio can be accomplished without very sophisticated controls, it indicates the suitability of a given mixture. It can be seen from Exhibit 13 that R32/R124 has the widest ranqe of composition shift, a capacity ratio of 5.2, followed by the second best mixture, R32/R134, with a ratio of 3.60. 

### The best performing chlorine-free binary mixture ranks fourth with a ratio of 2.95.

40 

### Exhibit 12: Seasonal PerformanceFactors (SPF} forOne Coolingand six Heating Climates. The last four linespertainto the influence of composition shift, when a rectifier is used.
FLUID CSPF HSPF I HSPF II HSPF III HSPF IV HSPFV HSPFVI R22 4.25 3.55 3.13 2.1 2.06 1.58 3.24 R32/R124 4.84 3.94 3.44 2.94 2.2 1.61 3.18 R32/R134 4.19 3.86 3.38 2.9 2.11 1.65 3.11 R32/R152a 4.11 3.88 3.39 2.91 2.19 1.66 3.13 R143a/R124 4.59 3.61 3.21 2.15 2.01 1.56 3.52 R32/R134a 4.51 3.11 3.25 2.19 2.11 1.6 3.56 R125/R152a 4.5 3.1 3.24 2.8 2.12 1.61 3.56 R143a/R152a 4.41 3.1 3.25 2.8 2.12 1.62 3.56 R152a 4.45 3.1 3.25 2.8 2.12 1.62 3.56 R125/R124 4.45 3.62 3.15 2.1 2.03 1.52 3.41 R134a 4.23 3.48 3.06 2.64 2.01 1.53 3.35
R32/R152a 4.11 3.82 3.34 2.81 2.16 1.65 3.61 R32/R152a 4.84 3.62 3.21 2.19 2.13 1.65 3.5 R32/R124 4.84 3.94 3.44 2.94 2.2 1.61 3.18 R32/R124 3.949 3.908 3.629 3.209 2.439 1.801 3.801



### 4.3 Concentration Shift In orderto determine the suitability of themixtures for capacity control by concentration shift, the ratios of the maximum to minimum capacity are compared. The numeric values are listed in Exhibit 13. Themaximumandminimumvalues are for thepure fluids which constitute a given mixture. Although in reality only a fraction of this ratio can be accomplished without very sophisticated controls, it indicates the suitability of a given mixture. It can be seen from Exhibit 13 that R32/R124 has the widest range of composition shift, a capacity ratio of 5.2, followed by the second best mixture, R32/R134, with a ratio of 3.60. 

### The best performing chlorine-free binary mixture ranks fourth with a ratio of 2.95.

40

### Exhibit 13: Ratio of Heating Capacities. The R22 value is given for reference purposes. Ternary mixtures are not**list~d ~ince**  

### fluid separation is less efficient. The capacities are listed in kJ/m3• 

### Mixture Capacity Capacity 1st compo 2nd com. R22 3050 3050 R32/R152a 5179 1755 R32/R134 5179 1444 R32/R124 5179 999 R32/R134a 5179 1811 R143a/R152a 3035 1755 R125/R152a 3007 1755 R125/R124 3007 999 R143a/R134a 3035 1811 R125/R134a 3007 1811 Ratio
1.00 2.95 3.60 5.20 2.87**1~73** 

### 1.71 3.01 1.68 1.66 Assuming that a realistic concentration shift of 0.2 can be accomplished with rather simple means (short distillation column), the SPF was evaluated for two mixtures, R32/R152a and R32/R124. The first represents an example for a mediumrange capacity ratios, and the second exhibits the largest capacity ratio. The results
are listed in the last four lines of both sections of Exhibit 12. Exhibit 14 shows a bar graph that reflects the influence of a concentration shift. For cooling there is no change in concentration and performance, assuming the original concentration is used. For heating the HSPF is consistently higher with a concentration shift. The increase in HSPF is as high as ten percent for R32/R124 and as high as six percent for R32/R152a. For
severe conditions, climate regions II through V the mixture with the lower COP but larger capacity shift, R32/R124 has the better performance by up to 6 

### %• 

### This is because none or little resistance heat is required with the higher capacity fluid. The 41 Exhibit 13: Ratio of Heating capacities. The R22 value is given for reference purposes. Ternary mixtures are not**list~d ~ince**  

### fluid separation is less efficient. The capacities are listed in kJ/m3• 

### Mixture Capacity Capacity Ratio 1st compo 2nd com. R22 R32/R152a R32/R134 R32/R124 R32/R134a R143a/R152a R125/R152a R125/R124 R143a/R134a R125/R134a 3050 5179 5179 5179 5179 3035 3007 3007 3035 3007 3050 1755 1444

999 1811 1755 1755

999 1811 1811 1.00 2.95 3.60 5.20 2.87**1~73** 

### 1.71 3.01 1.68 1.66 Assuming that a realistic concentration shift of 0.2 can be accomplishedwithrather simplemeans (shortdistillationcolumn), the SPF was evaluated for two mixtures, R32/R152a and R32/R124. The first representsanexamplefora mediumrangecapacityratios, and the second exhibits the largest capacity ratio. The results
are listed in the last four lines of both sections of Exhibit 12. Exhibit 14 shows a bar graph that reflects the influence of a concentration shift. For cooling there is no change in concentrationandperformance, assumingthe original concentration is used. For heating the HSPF is consistently higher with a concentration shift. The increase in HSPF is as high as ten percent forR32/R124 and ashighas sixpercent forR32/R152a. For
severe conditions, climate regions II through V the mixture with the lower COP but larger capacity shift, R32/R124 has the better performance by up to 6 

### % • 

### This is because none or little resistance heat is required with the higher capacity fluid. The 41

### strong influence concentration shift can have on the seasonal performance complicates the situation. Depending on the given climate region one mixture may perform betterthan others. The amount ofresistance heat that is required depends strongly on the design point of the heat pump. If the current design practice would be changed so that the heat pump application determines the size of the air-conditioner, the need for resistance heat could be reduced or eliminated, influencing the choice of the replacement mixture. Actual energy savings achieved by employing concentration shifts depend strongly on the climate .and on actual operating and design conditions over an entire year. In this chapter, concentration shift is assumed to be initiated by active means. However, concentration shift can also be initiated by passive means and the mere fact that some parts of
a heat pump store refrigerant. This concentration shift may influence the performance ofthe system and has to be considered in the design.

42 

### strong influence concentration shift can have on the seasonal performance complicates the situation. Depending onthe given climate region onemixturemayperform betterthan others. The amount ofresistanceheatthat is required depends strongly on the design point of the heat pump. If the current design practice would be changed so that the heat pump application determines the size of the air-conditioner, the need forresistanceheatcouldbereducedoreliminated, influencingthe choice of the replacement mixture. Actual energy savings achieved by employing concentration shifts depend strongly on the climate.and on actual operating and design conditions over an entire year. In this chapter, concentration shift is assumed to be initiated by active means. However, concentration shift can also be initiatedby passivemeans and the mere fact that someparts of
a heat pump store refrigerant. This concentration shift may influencetheperformanceofthe systemandhas tobeconsideredin the design.

42.a::-- 

### w 

# Exhibit14: 

# Seasonal

# Performanceof

# R

...32/R

...152aand

# R-32/R-124 

# Withand

# WithoutaRectifier

SPF 

## 6

5

4

3

2

1


# o 1'/"4::::::;:;::::'--2'" 1,(4;::::;:;::::·' '), " I ( 4:;';';:::::1 '"' -, <>

### r/ I:::·::::::::c;] ).J 

### r <;j':':':::::':'r:? '\] V CB::::::::::;::r==J, ).J V**O:::::::::::::~'J** 

# CSPf HSPFI HSPF

# n HSPFIII HSPFIV HSPfV HSPfVI 

# W'lJR·32/R·152a 

## [::t='@:tt::m R·32/R·152aw/Shift 

# I 

# IR·32/R·124

## ~'\;\I R·32/R·124w/Shifl 

# Exhibit14: 

# SeasonalPerformanceofR-32/R

..152aandR-32/R-124 

# Withand

# WithoutaRectifier

SPF 

## 6

5

4

3

2

1



# CSPf 

# v/Z"?JR-32/R-152a 

## HSPFI HSPF

# n HSPfIII HSPFIV HSPfV HSPfVI

## ~~iR-32/R-124

## ~'\;\IR-32/R-124w/Shifl

### 4.4**Dro~-iD** 

### Application vs. New systems Althoughthemodelling results presented in this report demonstrate the potential for significant energy savings, only the application of the sUbstitutes in actual machinery can demonstrate the real potential. The closer the machinery approaches the model assumptions the closer the predicted energy savings are achieved. Variables such as transport properties and oil compatibility which
were not considered in the model because they are not known for most of the proposed sUbstitute mixtures may significantly influence the actually achievable energy savings. However, the mixtures discussed here may be near drop-in substitutes requiring only changes in the expansion device to adequately accommodate the substitute. without changing heat exchangers, the performance of some of the better fl.uids most likely would be similar to that of R22. How closely the R22 efficiency is met depends on the selection of a suitable concentration, which primarily deteJ;l1\ines the capacity of the substitute and on the degree**~o** 

### what the existing heat exchangers approach counter-flow characteristics. It is expected that the performance ofdrop-in fluids for conventional designs is not very sensitive to the concentration selected. Therefore, the concentration would be chosen to match the capacity requirements, at least for initial tests. Based·on the simulationresults, no reliable assessment canbe made of the performance of drop-in substitutes. The actual performance can only be determined by tests in existing air44 

## 4.4**Dro~-iD** 

## Applicationvs. New systems Althoughthemodellingresultspresentedinthisreportdemonstrate· thepotential for significantenergy savings, onlytheapplication of the sUbstitutes in actual machinery can demonstrate the real potential. The closer the machinery approaches the model assumptionsthecloserthepredictedenergy savings areachieved. Variablessuchastransportpropertiesandoilcompatibilitywhich
were not considered in the model because they are not known for most of the proposed SUbstitute mixtures may significantly influence the actually achievable energy savings. However, the mixtures discussed here may be near drop-in substitutesrequiring only changes in the expansion device to adequately accommodate the sUbstitute. without changing heat exchangers, the performance of some of the better fl

. uids most likely · would be similar to that of R22. How closely the R22 efficiency is met depends on the selection of a suitable concentration, which primarily dete;-mines the capacity of the substitute and on thedegree**~o** 

## what the existingheatexchangers approach counter-flow characteristics. It is expected that the performanceofdrop-influids forconventionaldesigns isnotvery sensitive to the concentration selected. Therefore, the concentrationwould be chosentomatch the capacity requirements, at least for initial tests. Based·onthesimulationresults, noreliableassessmentcanbe made of the performance of drop-in substitutes. The actual performance can only be determined by tests in existing air44

### conditioners.

4.5 Implioations of Counter-flow Design and the Use ofMixtures A system designer developing a new system for operation with R22 sUbstitutes should employcounter-flowheat exchangers, orat least those which resemble counter-flow as closely as possible, to take advantage of the gliding temperatures. Conventional design practice relies on cross-flow heat exchangers. This is the best choice considering the refrigerant saturation temperature is essentially constant and the pressure drop on the air side very small. The fan power requirement is also small. In this study, it was assumed that counter-flow heat exchangers are available, and that the temperature-enthalpy curve in the two-phase range of a refrigerant mixture is linear (linear temperature profile). This is not always true. Any deviation from
a linear temperature profile reduces the performance to some degree. To investigate thepenalty that cross-flowheat exchangers inflict on refrigerant mixtures, the model was updated to include cross-flow heat exchangers. The NTU method was implemented for counter- and cross-flowheat exchangers. For R22 the result is the

same for both heat exchangers as expected. The mixture R32/R124
was chosen as an example since this fluid mixture has the largest temperature glide. with counter-flow heat exchangers the improvement overR22 for R32/R124 is 13.4 

### %as shown in Exhibit 10. With cross-flowheat exchangers the improvement overR22 is reduced to 8 

### %. This result indicates, in order to take full advantage of
45 

### conditioners.

4.5 Implioations of Counter-flow Design and the Use ofMixtures A system designer developing a new system for operation with R22 sUbstitutesshouldemploycounter-flowheatexchangers, orat least those which resemble counter-flow as closely as possible, to take advantage of the gliding temperatures. Conventional design practice relies on cross-flow heat exchangers. This is the best choice considering the refrigerant saturation temperature is essentially constant and the pressure drop on the air side very small. The fan power requirement is also small. In this study, it was assumed that counter-flow heat exchangers are available, and that the temperature-enthalpy curve in the two-phase range of a refrigerant mixture is linear (linear temperatureprofile). This isnot alwaystrue. Anydeviation from
a linear temperature profile reduces the performance to some degree. Toinvestigatethepenaltythatcross-flowheatexchangers inflict on refrigerant mixtures, the model was updated to include cross-flow heat exchangers. The NTU method was implemented for counter- and cross-flowheatexchangers. ForR22 the result isthe

same for both heat exchangers as expected. The mixture R32/Rl24
was chosen as an example since this fluid mixture has the largest temperature glide. with counter-flow heat exchangers the improvement overR22 forR32/R124 is 13.4 

### %as shown inExhibit 10. Withcross-flowheatexchangersthe improvementoverR22 is reduced to 8 

### %. This result indicates, in order to take full advantage of
45

### the performance increase mixtures offer, counter-flow heat exchangers should be used. This finding has to be verified by experiments with refrigerant-to-air heat exchangers. When more than four tube banks are necessary in order to approximate counter-flow, the pressure drop on the air side will increase, leading to higher fan power requirements. The energy savings mixtures offer may therefore be offset by additional parasitic losses. On the other hand, in order to take advantage of the refrigerant temperature glide, the heat exchanger area could be increased and the air flow rate couldbe reduced. Thus the net fan power may not change as a result. This would lead to higher air temperatures leaving the condenser, a feature that should be advantageous for heat pump applications. The use of mixtures would complicate the maintenance of heat pump systems. One component may escape preferentially when a leakage occurs. The development of devices that allow the simple determination of the concentration of the remaining refrigerant charge and of the amount of the components that have to be added
can eliminate this difficulty. Another solution could be to replace the entire charge, which is practical only when the original charge can be reclaimed and recycled.

4.6 sensitivity Considerations and Accuracy The accuracy ofthe results depends to a large degree on the model itself. The model describes a heat pump or air-conditioner almost

46 

### the performance increase mixtures offer, counter-flow heat exchangers should be used. This finding has to be verified by experiments with refrigerant-to-air heat exchangers. When more than four tube banks are necessary in order to approximate counter-flow, the pressure drop on the air side will increase, leading to higher fan power requirements. The energy savings mixtures offer may therefore be offset by additional parasitic losses. On the other hand, in order to take advantage of the refrigerant temperature glide, the heat exchanger area could be increasedand the air flow ratecouldbe reduced. Thus thenet fan power may not change as a result. This would lead to higher air temperatures leaving the condenser, a feature that should be advantageous for heat pump applications. The use of mixtures would complicate the maintenance of heat pump systems. One component may escape preferentially when a leakage occurs. The development of devices that allow the simple determination of the concentration of the remaining refrigerant charge and of the amount of the components that have to be added
can eliminate this difficulty. Another solution could be to replace the entire charge, which is practical only when the original charge can be reclaimed and recycled.



## 4.6 sensitivityconsiderations andAccuracy The accuracy ofthe results depends to a large degree onthemodel itself. The model describes a heatpump or air-conditioner almost

46

### as an ideal refrigeration cycle. The only deviations from an ideal cycle are the compressor efficiency of 0.70 and the use of fixed air temperatures instead of fixed saturation temperatures of the refrigerant. The latter choice was necessary to account for the gliding temperature range of mixtures. As has been shown, another choice may either favor the pure component or the mixture 

## /4/0 Whether or not an actual design achieves the predicted performance depends largely on the system designer and to what degree the idealized assumption can be met. The closure on the energy balance in this model is better than 0.1 %. The model applied here assumes that the temperature glide is linear in the two-phase range. For most mixtures this is not true. Taking into consideration any non linearities will increase the calculation effort considerably but could potentially change the ranking ofthe mixtures ofExhibit 10. This is true especiallywhen comparing binary and ternary mixtures. However, there are other factors to consider. The accuracy of the refrigerant data is one. The work presented here is based on the 

## eso equation of state as published and provided by NIST /3/. The version used here is current, but the data for some of the replacement refrigerants could be updated in the future. Any update on refrigerant properties will effect .the results reported here to an undetermined degree which depends on the magnitude of the changes. Another uncertainty results from the use of a mixing coefficient of -0.01. The mixing coefficient effects the results to some extent. An as yet unpublished study conducted at EPA
47 

### as an ideal refrigerationcycle. The onlydeviations from an ideal cycle are the compressor efficiency of 0.70 and the use of fixed air temperatures instead of fixed saturation temperatures of the refrigerant. The latter choice was necessary to account for the glidingtemperature range of mixtures. As has been shown, another choice may either favor the pure component or the mixture /4/. Whether or not an actual design achieves the predictedperformance depends largely on the system designer and to what degree the idealizedassumptioncanbemet. The closureontheenergybalance inthismodel isbetterthan 0.1 %. Themodel appliedhere assumes that the temperature glide is linear in the two-phase range. For most mixtures this is not true. Taking into consideration any non linearities will increase the calculation effort considerably but couldpotentiallychangethe ranking ofthemixtures ofExhibit 10. This istrueespeciallywhencomparingbinaryandternarymixtures. However, there are otherfactors toconsider. The accuracyof the refrigerant data is one. The work presented here is based on the 

## eso equation of state as published and provided by NIST /3/. The version used here is current, but the data for some of the replacement refrigerants could be updated in the future. Any update on refrigerant properties will effect.the results reported here to an undetermined degree which depends on the magnitude of the changes. Another uncertainty results from the use of a mixing coefficient of -0.01. The mixing coefficient effects the results to some extent. An as yet unpublished study conducted at EPA
47

### suggests that for mixtures with boiling points in close proximity of one another, as is the case here, a deviation in COP of less than 3% can be expected /11/. This could also affect the ranking of the mixtures in this report. The analysis of the seasonal performance is accurate within the accuracy of the bin method employed. Generally the bin method is suitable for providing overview information and is used in connectionwith the rating of air-conditioners and heat pumps. The model employed here uses the same information and reasoning as will be used later for actual testing of equipment. Therefore, it is ensured that this method and actual tests correspond.

4.7 Global warming Potential (GWP) and Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) Exhibit 15 shows the effects of using pure and mixed refrigerants
on direct global warming, indirect global warming, total global warming and ozone depletion. The value for the GWP of R32 is based

on a lifetime estimate from EPA /3/. The GWP and OOP values are calculatedby linearly interpolating betweenthe pure components of

a mixture and weighted with the specific volume of the liquid leaving the condenser as compared to these values ofR22. In this way the GWP and OOP is evaluated based on**th~** 

### actual charge within

a system (columns entitled "Charge Based"). The underlying assumption is made that a system charged with any fluid to the same liquid level as a system would be charged with R22 is optimally charged. The values for the pure substances are taken from /1/.
48 

### suggests that for mixtures with boiling points in close proximity of one another, as is the case here, a deviation in COP of less than 3% can be expected/11/. This could also affect the ranking of the mixtures in this report. The analysis of the seasonal performance is accurate within the accuracy of the bin method employed. Generally the binmethod is suitable for providing overview information and is used in connectionwiththeratingof air-conditioners andheatpumps. The model employedhereusesthe same informationandreasoningaswill be used later for actual testing of equipment. Therefore, it is ensured that this method and actual tests correspond.

4.7 Global warming Potential (GWP) and Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP) Exhibit 15 shows the effects of using pure and mixed refrigerants
on direct global warming, indirect global warming, total global warming and ozone depletion. The value for theGWP of R32 isbased

on a lifetime estimate from EPA /3/. The GWP and OOP values are calculatedby linearlyinterpolatingbetweenthepurecomponentsof

a mixture and weighted with the specific volume of the liquid leaving the condenser as compared to these values ofR22. In this way the GWP and OOP is evaluatedbased on**th~** 

### actual charge within

a system (columns entitled "Charge Based"). The underlying assumption ismade that a systemchargedwith any fluid tothe same liquid level as a system would be charged with R22 is optimally charged. The values for the pure SUbstances are taken from /1/.
48

### The GWP is based on the integrated time horizon based on 100 years. The direct and indirect contribution to global warming were calculated based on the seasonal performance factor for the substitute mixtures based on a refrigerant charge that is equivalent to seven pounds of R22 for the life time of ten years for a heat pump. It is assumed that 1.6lb of carbon dioxide is generated per kWh of electricity. The results for the direct and the indirect contributions are sbown in the remaining columns of Exhibit 15. Exhibit 16 shows a bar chart displaying the direct and indirectcontributions. The results show clearly thatthe proposed substitutes show less

.impact on the global warming than R22. R32/R152a and R32/R124 have the lowest GWP. The first because the contribution of the fluids is low, the second because of the calculated COP is high. Only tests in actual machinery can demonstate which of the fluids will have the least global warming impact.

Exhibit 15: Greenhouse Warming (100 yr. Horizon) and Ozone Depletion Potential. FLUID CONC. VOL.**G~P** ODP**G~P** ODP**G~P** SPF Indir. Total m3/kg CHARGE BASED TOT.CHAR cooling**G~** GWP R22 1 0.000907 1500 0.05 1500 0.050 4755 4.25 72000 76755 R32 1 0.00115 560 0 442 0.000 1400 R152A 1 0.00119 140 0 107 0.000 338 R134 1 0.000834 1200 0 1305 0.000 4137 R134A 1 0.oooaa7 1200 0 1227 0.000 3890 R143A 1 0.0012 2900 0 2192 0.000 6948 R125 1 0.000693 2500 0 3272 0.000 10372 R124 1 0.000771 430 0.02 506 0.024 1604 R32/R152A 0.4 0.00118 308 0.000 237 0.000 750 4.77 64151 64901 R321R124 0.6 0.00104 508 0.008 443 0.007 1404 4.84 63223 64628 R32/R134A 0.7 0.00109 752 0.000 626 0.000 1984 4.57 66958 68942 R143A/R124 0.3 0.000882 1171 0.014 1204 0.014 3817 4.59 66667 70484 R125/R124 0.3 0.000795 1051 0.014 1199 0.016 3801 4.45 68764 72565



### 49 

### TheGWP isbased onthe integratedtime horizonbasedon 100years. The direct and indirect contribution to global warming were calculated based on the seasonal performance factor for the substitute mixtures based on a refrigerant charge that is equivalent to seven pounds of R22 for the life time of ten years for a heat pump. It is assumed that 1.6lb of carbon dioxide is generated per kWh of electricity. The results for the direct and the indirect contributions are sbownin the remaining columns of Exhibit 15. Exhibit 16 shows a barchartdisplayingthedirectand indirectcontributions. Theresultsshowclearlythattheproposed sUbstitutes show less.impact on the global warming than R22. R32/R152a and R32/R124 have the lowestGWP. The first because the contribution of the fluids is low, the second because of the calculated COP is high. Only tests in actual machinery can demonstate which of the fluids will have the least global warming impact.

Exhibit 15:**G!:~~nhous~** 

### Warming 

## (lOg :ire**Ho!:i~onl** 

### and**O~on~** 

### Depletion Potential. FLUID CONC. VOL.**G~P** OOP**G~** OOP**G~P** SPF 

### Indir. Total ml/kg CHARGEBASED TOT.CHAR cooling GWP GWP R22 1 0.000907 1500 0.05 1500 0.050 4755 4.25 

### nooo 76755 R32 1 0.00115 560 0 442 0.000 1400 R152A 1 0.00119 140 0 107 0.000 338 R134 1 0.000834 1200 0 1305 0.000 4137 R134A 1 0.oooaa7 1200 0 1227 0.000 3890 R143A 1 0.0012 2900 0 2192 0.000 6948 R125 1 0.000693 2500 0 

### 32n 0.000 

### 103n R124 1 0.000771 410 0.02 506 0.024 1604 R12/R152A 0.4 0.00118 108 0.000 237 0.000 750 4.77 64151 64901 R32/R124 0.6 0.00104 508 0.008 443 0.007 1404 4.84 63223 64628 R32/R134A 0.7 0.00109 752 0.000 626 0.000 1984 4.57 66958 68942 R143A/R124 0.1 0.000882 1171 0.014 1204 0.014 3817 4.59 66667 70484 R125/R124 0.3 0.000795 1051 0.014 1199 0.016 3801 4.45 68764 

### n565



### 49

# Exhibit16: 

# DirectandIndirectContributionstoGlobalWarming

R-22 R-321R-152A R-321R-124 R-32/R-134A R-134A1R-124 R-125/R-124 Refrigerants 

## 40



## 20 60 50 70

30



# o 80

10 

## GWP Equivalenttothousands IbsofCO 2 

### 90

DirectGWP IndirectGWP 

# Exhibit16: 

# Directand

# IndirectContributionstoGlobalWarming

GWI-' Equivalenttothousands IbsofCO 2 

### 90 

## 80 70 60 50 

## 40
30 

## 20 10 

# o R-22 R-321R-152A R-321R-124 R-32/R-134A R-134A1R-124 R-125/R-124 

## Refrigerants 

# 1111111111DirectGWP 

# 1001IndirectGWP

## Of the pure fluids considered here, R125 and R143a show a higher GWP than R22, Exhibit 15. The only refrigerant with some OOP is R124 with a value of 40 %

## of that of R22. However, when these components are used as part of a mixture their contribution is diminished. The mixture with the lowest GWP 237 is R32/R152a with an OOP of 0.0, followed by R32/R124 with a GWP of 443 and an OOP of 0.007. Among the ternary mixtures, it is expected that those with the smaller additive of R124, R134 or R134a show the smaller environmental impact. It is concluded that the binary mixture of R32/R152a is the most favorable fluid from an environmental point of view with regard to all aspects, GWP, OOP and potential for energy savings. While the addition of a third, nonflammable component reduces the risk of flammability, it increases the GWP and OOP. Again there seems to be a trade-off between global risks as described by GWP and OOP and local risks caused by the flammability of the fluids.

5.0 Flammability and Materials compatibility 5.1 

## Flammability outofthe seven refrigerantsused inthis investigation, three are flammable: R32, R143a and R152a. Phone calls to refrigerant manufacturers produced no further conclusive and referable information. It is expected that R32 has the lowest heat ofcombustion and the lowest flammability of the three components. It presents the least danger. R152a shows the highest flammability. The
51 Of the pure fluids considered here, R125 and R143a show a higher GWP than R22, Exhibit 15. The only refrigerant with some OOP is R124 with a value of 40 

## %of that of R22. However, when these components are used as part of a mixture their contribution is diminished. The mixture with the lowest GWP 237 is R32/R152a with an OOP of 0.0, followed by R32/R124 with a GWP of 443 and an OOP of 0.007. Among the ternary mixtures, it is expected that those with the smaller additive of R124, R134 or R134a show the smaller environmental impact. It is concluded that the binary mixture of R32/R152a is the most favorable fluid from an environmental point of view with regard to all aspects, GWP, OOP and potential for energy savings. While the addition of a third, nonflammable component reduces the risk of flammability, it increases the GWP and OOP. Again there seems to be a trade-off between global risks as described by GWP and OOP and local risks caused by the flammability of the fluids.

5.0 Flammability andMaterials compatibility 5.1 Flammability outofthesevenrefrigerantsused inthis investigation, threeare flammable: R32, R143a and R152a. Phone calls to refrigerant manufacturers produced no further conclusive and referable information. It is expectedthatR32 has the lowest heat ofcombustion and the lowest flammability of the three components. Itpresents the least danger. R152a shows the highest flammability. The
51

## concentration ranges for combustible refrigerant-air mixtures are 12.7

- 33.4 volt for R32, 4 -17 volt for R152a and 7 - 18 vol% for R143a. With regardtomixtures there seems to begeneral agreement that mixing flammable with non-flammable refrigerants reduces the flammability. However, we were unable to ascertain the flammability limits of the mixtures.

5.2 Materials compatibility Inquiries to refrigerant manufacturers yielded reluctance on their behalf to the release of information on refrigerant- materials compatibility. The use ofthe ARI data base was recommended. The data base contains currently eighty reports from various sources, mostlymanufacturers. Sincethe database is notcomputerizedyet,
a list of titles was obtained with the following information of
concern here: There are 13 reports concerning R134a, 2 for R22/R142b, 2 for R124, and 1 for R125. None were available for any other fluid investigated in this report. All reports that were screeneq are listed below. The data available and reported are very scattered. There is no complete set of information available for a single refrigerant nor the information concerning the same material for all refrigerants. Takingthis into consideration, it is not possible to generate a general table or chart. This is a clear indication that further research in this area is needed.
Allied Signal Incorporated R.H.P. Thomas and H.T. Pham, Evaluation of Environmentally Acceptable Refrigerant/Lubricant Mixtures for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (R134a) 52 concentration ranges for combustible refrigerant-airmixtures are 12.7

- 33.4volt for R32, 4 -17 vol% for R152a and 7 - 18 vol% for R143a. Withregardtomixturesthereseemstobegeneralagreement that mixing flammable with non-flammable refrigerants reduces the flammability. However, we were unable to ascertain the flammability limits of themixtures.

5.2 Materials compatibility Inquiriestorefrigerantmanufacturersyieldedreluctanceontheir behalf to the release of information on refrigerant- materials compatibility. Theuse oftheARI databasewas recommended. The data base contains currently eighty reports from various sources, mostlymanufacturers. Sincethedatabaseisnotcomputerizedyet,
a list of titles was obtained with the following information of
concern here: There are 13 reports concerning R134a, 2 for R22/R142b, 2 forR124, and 1 forR125. Nonewere availableforany other fluid investigated in this report. All reports that were screeneq are listed below. The data available and reported are very scattered. There isno complete setof informationavailable for a single refrigerant nor the information concerning the same material forallrefrigerants. Takingthisintoconsideration, it is not possible to generate a general table or chart. This is a clear indication that further research in this area is needed.
Allied Signal Incorporated R.H.P. Thomas and H.T. Pham, Evaluation of Environmentally Acceptable Refrigerant/LubricantMixtures for Refrigeration and Air Conditioning (R134a) 52

## Refrigerant Breakdown Voltage for Isotron 22/142b Blends for Refrigeration: Material Compatibility Pennwalt Corporation Isotron 22/142b Blends for Refrigeration: Material Compatibility Carrier corporation Solubility of R-123 and R134a in Oils Motor Materials in R-123 and R-134a UL 984 Tests with R-134a and Oils Polymer and Elastomer Performance in R-123 and R-134a Sealed-Tube Texts of R-123 and R-134a with Mineral Oils Sealed-Tube Tests of R-12 and R-134a with PAGS Copeland corporation Evaluation ofPolyalkylene Glycol Candidates with HFC-134a in Refrigeration Compressors E.I. Dupont de Nemours and Company, Incorporated Compatibility of Elastomers with HFC-134a at About 25° 

## Solubility of Refrigerants in Lubricants; HFC-134a Compatibility of HFC-134a with Refrigeration System Materials Compatibility of Alternative Refrigerants with Elastomers (R124) Mutual Solubilities of water with Fluorocarbons and Fluorocarbon-hydrate Formation (R124, R15, R134a) Disassembly and Inspection of Compressor in Laboratory Refrigerator Charged with R-134a ICI Chemicals and Polymers Limited Compatibility of Nonmetallic Materials with Refrigerants and Lubricants Tecumseh Products Company Materials Compatibility of R-134a in Refrigerant Systems

53 Refrigerant Breakdown Voltage for Isotron 22/142b Blends for Refrigeration: Material Compatibility Pennwalt Corporation Isotron 22/142b Blends for Refrigeration: Material Compatibility Carrier corporation Solubility of R-123 and R134a in Oils MotorMaterials in R-123 and R-134a UL 984 Tests with R-134a and oils Polymer and Elastomer Performance in R-123 and R-134a Sealed-Tube Texts of R-123 and R-134a withMineral Oils Sealed-Tube Tests of R-12 and R-134a with PAGS Copeland corporation EvaluationofPolyalkyleneGlycol CandidateswithHFC-134a in Refrigeration Compressors E.I. Dupont de Nemours and Company, Incorporated Compatibility of Elastomers with HFC-134a at About 25° 

## Solubility of Refrigerants in Lubricants; HFC-134a Compatibility of HFC-134a with Refrigeration System Materials Compatibility of Alternative Refrigerants with Elastomers (R124) Mutual Solubilities of water with Fluorocarbons and Fluorocarbon-hydrate Formation (R124, R15, R134a) Disassembly and Inspection of Compressor in Laboratory Refrigerator Charged with R-134a ICI Chemicals and Polymers Limited Compatibility of Nonmetallic Materials with Refrigerants and Lubricants Tecumseh Products Company Materials Compatibility of R-134a in Refrigerant Systems

53

### G.O Further Work To implement a fluid mixture proposed in this report, a number of parameters have to be considered and investigated. They include material compatibility, flammability and toxicity as well as thermodynamic and transport properties, oil compatibility, compressor life, and cost. In addition, the actual performance of the fluids and mixtures in air-conditioning andheatpump units has to be verified by experiment. This includes the complete redesign ofsystems. Lastly, concentration shiftusing rectifiers (orother means) has to be investigated. Parallel to this effort computer simulation programs have to be extended to account for the non linearity of the temperature glide.

54 

### G.O FurtherWork To implement a fluid mixture proposed in this report, a number of parameters have to be considered and investigated. They include material compatibility, flammability and toxicity as well as thermodynamic and transport properties, oil compatibility, compressor life, and cost. In addition, the actual performance of the fluids andmixtures inair-conditioningandheatpumpunitshas tobe verifiedby experiment. This includes the complete redesign ofsystems. Lastly, concentration shiftusingrectifiers (orother means) has to be investigated. Parallel to this effort computer simulation programs have to be extended to account for the non linearity of the temperature glide.

54

## References 1. Draft report of the united states Intergovernmental Panel on CFC emissions. (This reference will be updated as soon as more detailed information is available.) 2. Draft of the Revision to the Clean Air Act. 3. William Kopko, Private communication, u.s. Environmental Protection Agency, Global Change Division, Washington D.C., March 1991. 

## 4 . McLinden, Mark

# o. andR. Radermacher, Methods ofComparingthe Performance of Pure and Mixed Refrigerants in Vapor Compression Cycles, International Journal of Refrigeration, 10, 6, 318- 325, (1987). 

## 5. ApplicationofaHardSphereEquationofStatetoRefrigerants and Refrigerant Mixtures, G. Morrison, M.O. McLinden, NBS Technical Note 1226 (1988). 6. 

## ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 116 (1983). 

## 7. Laboratory Investigation ofRefrigerant Migration in a Split unit Air-conditioner, W. Mulroy, D.A. Didion, NBSIR 83-2756, (1983)• 

## 8. Bedeutung der nicht azeotropen Zwei-stoff-Kaeltemittel beim Einsatz Waermepumpen und Kalteanlagen, H. Kruse, R. Jakobs, Ki Klima und Kaelte Ingenieur, 8, 564-571, (1977). 

## 9. The Use of NARMs and Their Display in Ln(p)-h Diagrams, H. Schwind, Kaeltetechnik, 14, 98-103, (1962). 10. 

## Performance ofa Conventional Residential HeatPump Operating With Nonazeotropic Refrigerant Mixtures, W. Mulroy, D.A. Didion, NBSIR 86-3422, (1986). 

## 11. DevelopmentofRectifying CircuitwithMixedRefrigerants, Y. Yoshida, S. Suzuki, Y. MUkai, K. Nakatani and K. Fujiwara, International Journal of Refrigeration, 12, 182-187, (1989). 12. 

## Thermal Environmental Engineering, J.L. Threlkeld, Second Edition, Prentice-Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, (1970). 13. 

## Cynthia Gage, Private Communication, u.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, June 1990. 14. 

## Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Private Communication.·

55 References 1. Draft report of the united states Intergovernmental Panel on CFC emissions. (This reference will be updated as soon as more detailed information is available.) 2. Draft of the Revision to the CleanAir Act. 3. William Kopko, Private communication, u.s. Environmental Protection Agency, Global Change Division, Washington D.C., March 1991. 4 . McLinden, Mark

# o. andR. Radermacher, MethodsofComparingthe Performance of Pure and Mixed Refrigerants in Vapor Compression Cycles, International Journal of Refrigeration, 10, 6, 318- 325, (1987). 5. Applicationofa HardSphereEquationofStatetoRefrigerants and Refrigerant Mixtures, G. Morrison, M.O. MCLinden, NBS Technical Note 1226 (1988). 6. ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 116 (1983). 7. LaboratorY Investigation of Refrigerant Migration in a Split unit Air-conditioner, W. Mulroy, D.A. Didion, NBSIR 83-2756, (1983)• 8. Bedeutung der nicht azeotropen Zwei-Stoff-Kaeltemittel beim Einsatz Waermepumpen und Kalteanlagen, H. Kruse, R. Jakobs, Ki Klima und Kaelte Ingenieur, 8, 564-571, (1977). 9. The Use of NARMs and Their Display in Ln(p)-h Diagrams, H. Schwind, Kaeltetechnik, 14, 98-103, (1962). 10. Performanceof a ConventionalResidentialHeatPumpOperating With Nonazeotropic Refrigerant Mixtures, W. Mulroy, D.A. Didion, NBSIR 86-3422, (1986). 11. DevelopmentofRectifyingCircuitwithMixedRefrigerants, Y. Yoshida, S. Suzuki, Y. Mukai, K. Nakatani and K. Fujiwara, International Journal of Refrigeration, 12, 182-187, (1989). 12. Thermal Environmental Engineering, J.L. Threlkeld, Second Edition, Prentice-Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, (1970). 13. Cynthia Gage, Private Communication, u.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, June 1990. 14. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Private Communication.

55APPENDIX #1

The following pages of this appendix list the Subroutine BDESC which contains all parameters for the CSD equationof state that.wereused to evaluate theproperties ofthepure refrigerants.
BLOCKDATABDESC C C THIS ROUTINE INITIALIZES THE COMMON BLOCKS CONTAINING INFORMATION C ABOUT THE PURE COMPONENTS. IT IS NOT REFERENCED DIRECTLY BYANY C OTHER SUBROUTINE BUT MUST BE INCLUDED IN THE EXECUTABLE ELEMENT. C DATAARRAYS ARE DIMENSIONED TOACCOMODATEADDITIONAL C PURE COMPONENTS. C C EXPLANATIONOF CONSTANTS: C COEFF(I,J)

- FOR REFRIGERANT J, COEFFICIENTS OFA, B, CPO C CURVE FITS: C A=AO *EXP(A1*T +A2*T*T) (KJ M**3/KMOL**2) C B =BO +B1*T +B2*T*T (M**3/KMOL) C CPO =CO + C1*T + C2*T*T (KJ/KMOL K) C (STORED IN ORDERAO,A1,A2,BO,B1,B2,CO,C1,C2) C CRIT(I,J)

- FOLLOWING INFORMATION FOR REFRIGERANT J: C I = 1 - MOLECULARWEIGHT C 2

. REFERENCE TEMPERATURE FORENTHALPYAND ENTROPY (K) C 3

. CRITICAL TEMPERATURE (K) C 4 - CRITICAL PRESSURE (KPA) C 5 - CRITICAL VOLUME (M**3/KMOL) C HREF(J)

- REFRIGERANT NAME (ASHRAE DESIGNATION) C HZERO(J)

- VALUE OF SATURATED LIQUID ENTHALPYOF REFRIGERANT C JAT ITS REFERENCE TEMPERATURE (KJ/KMOL) C SZERO(J)

- VALUE OF SATURATED LIQUID ENTROPYAT REFERENCE C TEMPERATURE (KJ/KMOL K) C R - GAS CONSTANT (KJ/KMOL K) C TOLR

- RELATIVE CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE FOR ITERATION LOOPS SHOULD BE AT LEAST 10TIMES LARGER THAN MACHINE PRECISION C ITMAX

- MAXIMUM ITERATION COUNT FOR ITERATIVE LOOPS C LUP

- LOGICAL UNIT TOWHICHANY WARNINGMESSAGES ARE WRITTEN C C A, BCOEFFFICIENTS EVALUATED FROMASHRAE (1981) SATURATION C DATAUNLESS INDICATED. C IMPLICIT REAL (A-H,O-Z) DIMENSION COEFF(9,20),CRIT(5,20),HZERO(20),SZERO(20) CHARACTER*6 HREF(20) COMMON/ESDATA/ COEFF,CRIT COMMON/HREF1/.HREF COMMON/HSZERO/ HZERO,SZERO COMMON/RDATA4/R COMMON /TOL/ TOLR,ITMAX,LUP COMMON/TOLSH/ TOLH,TOLS DATAR/8.314/ DATA TOLR/1.0E-7/ DATA TOLH,TOLS /0.01,0.001/ DATA ITMAX,LUP/20,6/ C C DATA FOR R11, R12, R13, R13B1, R14, R22, R23, R113, R114, C R142B, R152A, R261A, R123, R143A, ISOBUTANE, R125, R134 C R134A, R32, METHANE C C R11, TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE C DATA HREF(1) /'R11'/ DATA (CRIT(I,1),1=1,5) /137.37EO,233.15EO,471.2EO,4467.EO,.247EO/ DATA HZERO(1),SZERO(1) /0.0,0.0/ DATA (COEFF(I,1),1=1,9) /5394.655EO,-2.709516E-3,1.168022E-7, 1 .1869326EO,-2.318627E-4,4.275137E-8, 1 23.48052EO,.2510723EO,-2.28722E-4/ C C R12, DICHLOROOIFLUOROMETHANE C APPENDIX #1

The following pages of this appendix list the Subroutine BDESC which contains all parameters for the CSD equationof statethat

.wereused toevaluatethepropertiesofthepure refrigerants.
BLOCKDATABDESC C C THIS ROUTINE INITIALIZES THE COMMON BLOCKSCONTAINING INFORMATION C ABOUT THE PURE COMPONENTS. IT IS NOT REFERENCED DIRECTLY BYANY C OTHER SUBROUTINE BUT MUST BE INCLUDED IN THE EXECUTABLE ELEMENT. C DATAARRAYS ARE DIMENSIONED TOACCOMODATE ADDITIONAL C PURE COMPONENTS. C C EXPLANATIONOF CONSTANTS: C COEFF(I,J)

- FOR REFRIGERANT J, COEFFICIENTS OFA, B, CPO C CURVE FITS: C A=AO

### *EXP(Al*T +A2*T*T) (KJ M**3/KMOL**2) C B =BO +Bl*T +B2*T*T (M**3/KMOL) C CPO =CO +Cl*T +C2*T*T (KJ/KMOL K) C (STORED IN ORDERAO,Al,A2,BO,Bl,B2,CO,Cl,C2) C CRIT(I,J)

- FOLLOWING INFORMATION FOR REFRIGERANT J: C 1 = 1 - MOLECULARWEIGHT C 2 - REFERENCE TEMPERATURE FORENTHALPY AND ENTROPY (K) C 3 - CRITICAL TEMPERATURE (K) C 4 - CRITICAL PRESSURE (KPA) C 5

- CRITICAL VOLUME (M**3/KMOL) C HREF(J)

- REFRIGERANT NAME (ASHRAE DESIGNATION) C HZERO(J)

- VALUE OF SATURATED LIQUID ENTHALPY OF REFRIGERANT C JAT ITS REFERENCE TEMPERATURE (KJ/KMOL) C SZERO(J)

- VALUE OF SATURATED LIQUID ENTROPYAT REFERENCE C TEMPERATURE (KJ/KMOL K) C R - GAS CONSTANT (KJ/KMOL K) C TOLR

- RELATIVE CONVERGENCE TOLERANCE FOR ITERATION LOOPS SHOULD BE AT LEAST 10TIMES LARGER THANMACHINE PRECISION C ITMAX

- MAXIMUM ITERATION COUNT FOR ITERATIVE LOOPS C LUP

- LOGICAL UNIT TOWHICHANY WARNINGMESSAGESARE WRITTEN C C A, BCOEFFFICIENTS EVALUATED FROMASHRAE (1981) SATURATION C DATAUNLESS INDICATED. C

C IMPLICIT REAL (A'H,O-Z) DIMENSION COEFF(9,20),CRIT(5,20),HZERO(20),SZERO(20) CHARACTER*6 HREF(20) COMMON IESDATAI COEFF,CRIT COMMON IHREF11

. HREF COMMON IHSZEROI HZERO,SZERO COMMON IRDATA41 R COMMON

### ITOLI TOLR,ITMAX,LUP COMMON ITOLSHI TOLH,TOLS DATAR18.3141 DATA TOLR 11.0E-71 DATA TOLH,TOLS 10.01,0.0011 DATA ITMAX,LUP 120,61 C DATA FOR Rll, R12, R13, R13Bl, R14, R22, R23, Rl13, R114, C R142B, R152A, R261A, R123, R143A, ISOBUTANE, R125, R134 C R134A, R32, METHANE C C Rl1, TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE C

C DATA HREF(l) 

### I'R11'I DATA (CRIT(I,1),1=1,5) 1137.37EO,233.15EO,471.2EO,4467.EO,.247EOI DATA HZERO(l),SZERO(l) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,1),I=l,9) 15394.655EO,-2.709516E-3,1.168022E-7, 1 .1869326EO,-2.318627E-4,4.275137E-8, 1 23.48052EO,.2510723EO,-2.28722E-41 C R12, DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE CDATAHREF(2) I'R12'1 DATA (CRIT(I,2),I=1,5) 1120.91EO,233.15EO,384.95EO,4180.EO,.217E01 DATAHZERO(2),SZERO(2) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,2),I=1,9) 13819.876EO,-3.319879E·3,2.419441E-7, 1 •1653502EO,-2.657584E-4,9.138782E-8, 1 18.4874EO,.2417816EO,-2.045946E-41 C C R13, CHLOROTRIFLUOROMETHANE C DATAHREF(3) I'R13'I DATA CCRITCI,3),I=1,5) 1104.46,233.15,302.0,3921.,0.1811 DATAHZERO(3),SZEROC3) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFFCI,3),I=1,9) /2518.99EO,-4.206832E-3,1.854713E-7, 1 .1414323EO,-2.982745E-4,1.339647E-7, 1 13.86910EO,.2323698EO,-1.830952E-41 C C R13B1, BROMOTRIFLUOROMETHANE C DATAHREF(4)/'R13B1'1 DATA (CRITCI,4),I=1,5) /148.91,233.15,340.2,4017.,0.200/ DATAHZERO(4),SZEROC4) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFFCI,4),I=1,9) /4095.393EO,-5.743494E-3,3.740058E-6, 1 0.1813461EO,-4.813153E-4,4.548773E-7, 1 20.68068EO,0.2112316EO,-1.61476E-41 C C R14, TETRAFLUOROMETHANE C DATAHREF(5)/'R14'1 DATA (CRIT(I,5),I=1,5) 188.00,200.00,227.5,3795.,0.141/ DATAHZERO(5),SZEROC5)/0.0,0.01 DATA CCOEFFCI,5),I=1,9) 11272.405EO,-3.429461E-3,-6.475736E-6, 10.09966432EO,-1.57113E-4,-2.950201E-7, 1 14.42957E0,.1845298EO,-9.518905E-5/ C C R22, CHLOROOIFLUOROMETHANE C DATA HREF(6) I'R22'I DATA (CRITCI,6),I=1,S)**186.47,233.1S,369.3,50S4.~0.1691** DATAHZERO(6),SZEROC6) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFFCI,6),1=1,9) 12730.846EO,-2.979927E-3,-7.651239E-7, 1 •1203449EO, -1.627S92E-4,-1.132347E-8, 1 21.98390EO,.1277439EO,-4.788723E-SI C C R23, TRIFLUOROMETHANE C DATAHREF(7) I'R23'I DATACCRITCI,7),I=1,5) 170.01,233.15,299.1,4900.,0.133/ DATAHZERO(7),SZERO(7) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFFCI,7),I=1,9) /1778.200EO,-3.676280E-3,-S.794795E-7, 1 0.09321863EO,-1.513167E-4,1.773370E-9, 1 23.60294EO,.08228732EO,3.182653E-5/ C C R113, 1,1,2-TRICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE C DATAHREF(8)I'R113'I DATA (CRIT(I,8),1=1,5) 1187.38,233.1S,487.5,3456.,0.3291 DATAHZERO(a);SZERO(8) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,8),I=1,9) 17608.63EO,-2.41486E-3,-4.38971E-7, 1 O.2365185EO,-2.228472E-4,-5.601952E·8, 1 76.2637EO,0.119641EO,7.18786E-SI C C R114, 1,2-DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE C DATAHREF(9) I'R114'/ DATA (CRIT(I,9),I=1,5) 1170.92,233.15,418.8,3248.,0.3071 DATAHZERO(9),SZEROC9) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEfF(I,9),I=1,9) IS929.736EO,-2.860181E-3,-4.815203E-7, 1 0.2218744EO,-2.883043E-4,1.81892E-8, 1 37.2482EO,.337339EO,-Z.39995E-41 C C R142B, 1-CHLORO-1,1-DIFLUOROETHANE C C DATAHREF(2) I'R12'1 DATA (CRIT(I,2),I=1,5)/120.91EO,233.15EO,384.95EO,4180.EO,.217E0/ DATAHZERO(2),SZERO(2) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,2),1=1,9) /3819.876EO,-3.319879E-3,2.419441E-7, 1 •1653502EO,-2

.657584E-4,9.138782E-8, 1 18.4874EO,.2417816EO,-2.045946E-41 C R13, CHLOROTRIFLUOROMETHANE C

C DATAHREF(3) I'R13'I DATA (CRIT(I,3),1=1,5) 1104.46,233.15,302.0,3921.,0.1811 DATAHZERO(3),SZERO(3) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,3),1=1,9) 12518.99EO,-4.206832E-3,1.854713E-7, 1 .1414323EO,-2.982745E-4,1.339647E-7, 1 13.86910EO,.2323698EO,-1.830952E-41 C R13B1, BROMOTRIFLUOROMETHANE C

C DATAHREF(4)/'R13B1'1 DATA (CRIT(I,4),1=1,5) 1148.91,233.15,340.2,4017.,0.2001 DATAHZERO(4),SZERO(4) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,4),1=1,9) 14095.393EO,-5.743494E-3,3_740058E-6, 1 0.1813461EO,-4.813153E-4,4.548773E-7, 1 20.68068EO,0.2112316EO,-1.61476E-41 C R14, TETRAFLUOROMETHANE C

C DATAHREF(5) I'R14'I DATA (CRIT(I,5),1=1,5) 188.00,200.00,227.5,3795.,0.1411 DATAHZERO(5),SZERO(5) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,5),1=1,9) 11272.405EO,-3.429461E-3,-6.475736E-6, 10.09966432EO,-1.57113E-4,-2.950201E-7, 1 14.42957EO,.1845298EO,-9.518905E-SI C R22, CHLOROOIFLUOROMETHANE C

C DATA HREF(6) I'R22'I DATA (CRIT(I,6),1=1,5)186.47,233.15,369.3,5054.**~O.**1691 DATA HZERO(6),SZERO(6) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,6),1=1,9) 12730.846EO,-2.979927E-3,-7.651239E-7, 1 •1203449EO, -1.627592E-4,-1

.132347E-8, 1 21.98390EO,.1277439EO,-4.788723E-51 C R23, TRIFLUOROMETHANE C

C DATAHREF(7) I'R23'I DATA(CRIT(I,7),1=1,5) 170.01,233.15,299.',4900.,0.1331 DATAHZERO(7),SZERO(7) 10_0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,7),1=1,9) 11778.200EO,-3.676280E-3,-8.794795E-7, 1 0.09321863EO,-1.513167E-4,1.773370E-9, 1 23.60294EO,.08228732EO,3.182653E-51 C R113, 1,1,2-TRICHLOROTRIFLUOROETHANE C

C DATAHREF(S)I'R113'I DATA (CRIT(I,8),I=1,5)1187.38,233.15,487.5,3456.,0.3291 DATAHZERO(I);SZERO(8) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,S),1=1,9) 17608.63EO,-2.41486E-3,-4.38971E-7, 1 O.2365185EO,-2.228472E-4,-5.601952E-8, 1 76.2637EO,0.119641EO,7.18786E-51 C R114, 1,2-DICHLOROTETRAFLUOROETHANE C

C DATAHREF(9) I'R114'I DATA (CRIT(I,9),I=l,5)1170.92,233.15,418.8,3248.,0.3071 DATAHZERO(9),SZERO(9) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEff(1,9),1=1,

. 9)15929.736EO,-2.860181E-3,-4.815203E-7, 1 0.2218744EO,-2.883043E-4,1.81892E-8, 1 37.2482EO,.337339EO,-2.39995E-41 C R142B, 1-CHLORO-1,1-DIFLUOROETHANE CDATA HREF(10) I'R142B'I DATA (CRIT(I,10),1=1,5) 1100.49,233.15,410.3,4120.,0.2311 DATA HZERO(10).SZERO(10) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,10),1=1,9) 14512.576EO,-3.229507E-3,2.608976E-7, 1 0.1730507E0,-2.648172E-4, 1.032608E-7, 1 16.39145EO,.2717191EO,-1.589334E-41 C C R152A, 1,1-DIFLUOROETHANE C DATA HREF(11) I'R152A'I DATA (CRIT(I,11),1=1,5) 166.05,233.15,386.7,4492.,0.1811 DATA HZERO(11),SZERO(11) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,11),1=1,9) 13106.312EO,-2.776653E-3,-6.258540E-7, 1 .1283451EO,-.1726218E-3,2.790653E-8, 1 22.28316EO,.1539874EO,-3.015434E-61 C C R115, PENTAFLUOROMONOCHLOROETHANE, C2CLF5 C DATA HREF(12) I'R115'I DATA (CRIT(I,12),1=1,5) 1154.465,233.15,353.05,3153.,0.2521 DATAHZERO(12),SZERO(12) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,12),1=1,9) 16177.259EO,-5.540229E-3,2.635930E-6, 1 .2474781EO,-6.346145E-4,5.512517E-7, 1 20.0246EO,.3765849EO,-2.703487E-41 C C R123, 1,1-DICHLORO-2,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE C DATA HREF(13) I'R123'I DATA (CRIT(I,13),1=1,5) 1152.930,233.15,456.94,3674.,0.2781 DATA HZERO(13),SZERO(13) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,13),1=1,9)**15885.629EO~-2.2446861E-3,-1.0342735E-6,** 1 .1957662EO,-1.6784282E-4,-9.9567402E-8, 1 29.2604EO,.302994EO,-1.92907E-41 C C R143A, 1,1,1-TRIFLUOROETHANE C DATA HREF(14) I'R143A'I DATA (CRIT(I,14),1=1,5)**184.04,233.15,346.3,3758.~0.1941** DATA HZERO(14),SZERO(14) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,14),1=1,9) 13092.03,-3.42907E-3,1.49460E-7, 1 0.137902,-1.96301E-4,1.78383E-8, 1 14.0656,0.254765,-1.29865E-41 C C R124: 1-CHLORO-1,2,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE (R124) C DATA HREF(15) I'R124'I DATA (CRIT(I,15),I=1,5) 1136.475,233.15,395.65,3660.,0.2441 DATA HZERO(15),SZERO(15) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,15),1=1,9) 14718.186EO,-2.847854E-3,-1.0857E-6, 1 .1818017EO,-2.256066E-4,-3.890926E-8, 1 30.97765EO,.2542056EO,-9.364136E-51 C C R125: PENTAFLUOROETHANE C DATA HREF(16) I'R125'I DATA (CRIT(I,16),I=1,5) 1120.03,233.15,339.45,3630.6,0.2101 DATA HZERO(16),SZERO(16) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,16),I=1,9) 12971.488EO,-2.111917E-3,-3.734385E-6, 1 .1443116EO,-1.410596E-4,·1.969504E-7, 1 22.65024EO,.2956679EO,-1.694896E-41 C C R134: 1,1,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE C DATA HREF(17) I'R134'I DATA (CRIT(I,17),1=1,5) 1102.034,233.15,392.1,4562.,0.1891 DATAHZERO(17),SZERO(17) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,17),1=1,9) 13689.1EO,-2.83434E-3,-1.22280E-6, 1 .144618EO,-1.84369E-4,-.253676E-7, 1 32.5208EO,.222819EO,·1.06829E-41 C C R134A 1,1,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE C C DATA HREF(10) /'R142B'1 DATA(CRIT(I,10),1=1,5)/100.49,233.15,410.3,4120.,0.2311 DATAHZERO(10).SZERO(10) 10.0,0.01 D

A

TA (COEFF(I,10),1=1,9) 14512.576EO,·3.229507E-3,2.608976E·7, 1 0.1730507EO,-2.648172E-4, 1.032608E-7, 1 16.39145EO,.2717191EO,-1.589334E-41 C R152A, 1,1-DIFLUOROETHAN E C

C DATA HREF(11) /'R152A'1 DATA(CRIT(I,11),1=1,5) 166.05,233.15,386.7,4492.,0.1811 DATAHZERO(11),SZERO(11) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,11),1=1,9) 13106.312EO,·2.776653E-3,-6.258540E-7, 1

.1283451EO,-.1726218E-3,2.790653E-8, 1 22.28316EO,.1539874EO,-3.015434E-61 C R115, PENTAFLUOROMON OCHLOROETHANE, C2CLF5 C

C DATA HREF(12) /'R115'1 DATA (CRIT(I,12),1=1,5)/154.465,233.15,353.05,3153.,0.2521 DATAHZERO(12),SZERO(12) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,12),1=1,9)/6177.259EO,-5.540229E-3,2.635930E-6, 1 .2474781EO,-6.346145E-4,5.512517E-7, 1 20.0246EO,.3765849EO,-2.703487E-41 C R123, 1,1-DICHLORO

-2,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHANE C

C DATA HREF(13) /'R123'1 DATA (CRIT(I,13),1=1,5) 1152.930,233.15,456.94,3674.,0.2781 DATA HZERO(13),SZERO(13) 10.0,0.0/ DATA (COEFF(I,13),1=1,9) 15885.629EO,-2.2446861E

-3,-1.0342735E-6, 1 .1957662EO,-1.6784282E-4,

-9.9567402E

-8, 1 29.2604EO,.302994EO,-1.92907E-41 C R143A, 1,1,1-TRIFLUOROETHANE C

C DATA HREF(14) /'R143A'1 DATA (CRIT(I,14),I=1,5)**184.04,233.15,346.3,3758.~0.1941** DATA HZERO(14),SZERO(14) /0.0,0.0/ DATA (COEFF(I,14),I=1,9) 13092.03,-3.42907E-3,1.49460E-7, 1 0.137902,-1.96301E-4,1.78383E

-8, 1 14.0656,0.254765,-1.29865E-41 C R124: 1-CHLORO-1,2,2,2-TETRAFL UOROETHANE (R124) C

C DATA HREF(15)/'R124'1 DATA (CRIT(I,15),I=1,5)/136.475,233.15,395.65,3660.,0.2441 DATA HZERO(15),SZERO(15) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,15),1=1,9) 14718.186EO,-2.847854E-3,-1.0857E-6, 1 .1818017EO,-2.256066E-4,-3.890926E-8, 1 30.97765EO,.2542056EO,-9.364136E-51 C R125: PENTAFLUOROETHANE C

C DATA HREF(16) /'R125'/ DATA (CRIT(I,16),1=1,5) 1120.03,233.15,339

.45,3630.6,0.2101 DATA HZERO(16),SZERO(16) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,16),1=1,9) 12971.488EO,·2.111917E-3,-3.734385E-6, 1 .1443116EO,-1.410596E-4,

-1.969504E-7, 1 22

.65024EO,.2956679EO,-1.694896E-41 C R134: 1,1,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE C

C DATA HREF(17) I'R134'1 DATA (CRIT(I,17),1=1,5) 1102.034,233.15,392.1,4562.,0.1891 DATAHZERO(17),SZERO(17)/0_0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,17),1=1,9) 13689.1EO,-2.83434E-3,-1.22280E-6, 1 .144618EO,-1_84369E-4,-.253676E-7, 1 32.5208EO,.222819EO,-1.06829E

-41 C R134A 1,1,2,2-TETRAFLUOROETHANE CDATA HREF(18) /'R134A'/ DATA (CRIT(I,18),1=1,5) 1102.030,233.15,374.3,4067.,0.1991 DATA HZERO(18),SZERO(18) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,18),1=1,9) 13611.8EO,-2.89497E-3,-1.28106E-6, 1 .144618EO,-1.84368E-4,-.253676E-7, 1 19.6704EO,.258433EO,-1.178714E-41 C C R32: DIFLUOROMETHANE C DATA HREF(19)/'R32'1 DATA (CRIT(I,19),1=1,5) 152.024,233.15,351.55,5814.23,.12111 DATA HZERO(19),SZERO(19) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,19),1=1,9) 11463.431,-'.212964E-3,-3.811882E-6, 1 0.07560431,-5.783178E-5,-8.592812E-8,

. 1 26.53804,0.05489753,1.574905E-51 C C R141B C DATA HREF(20) I'R141B'I DATA (CRIT(I,20),1=1,5) 1116.95,233.15,477.85,4400.,0.252051 DATA HZERO(20),SZERO(20) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,20),1=1,9) 14778.65,-1.54402E-3,-1.53332E-6, 1 0.169895,-1.003E-4,-0.144243E-6, 1 21.0244,0.277793,·1.73962E-41 C C R216A, 1,3-DICHLOROHEXAFLUOROPROPANE C C DATA HREF(12) I'R216A'I C DATA (CRIT(I,12),1=1,5) 1220.93,233.15,453.14,2754.1,0.3847/ C DATA HZERO(12),SZERO(12) 10.0,0.01 C DATA (COEFF(I,12),1=1,9) 18431.44,-2.45916E-3,-9.91754E-7, C 1 0.265720,-2.20418E-4,-1.68111E-7, C 1 8.79769,0.654246,-5.39923E-41 C C R216B, 1,2-DICHLOROHEXAFLUOROPROPANE C C DATA HREF(13) I'R216B'1 C DATA (CRIT(I,13),1=1,5) 1220.93,233.15,453.14,2754.1,0.38471 C DATA HZERO(13),SZERO(13) 10.0,0.01 C DATA (COEFF(I,13),1=1,9) 18390.00,-2.45916E-3,-9.91754E-7, C 1 O.265720,-2.20418E-4,-1.68111E-7, C 1 8.79769,O.654246,·5.39923E-41 C C ISOPENTANE C C DATA HREF(14) I'I-PENT'I C DATA (CRIT(I,14),1=1,5) 172.151,233.15,460.4,3384.255,0.305/ C DATA HZERO(14),SZERO(14) 10.0,0.01 C DATA (COEFF(I,14),1=1,9) 14763.80,-6.8115E-4,-2.9477E-6, C 1 0.2131,-1.6519E-4,-1.3550E-7, C 1 0.0,0.0,0.01 C C ISOBUTANE C C DATA HREF(15) /'l-BUT'I C DATA (CRIT(I,15),1=1,5) 158.124,233.15,408.1,3647.7,0.2631 C DATAHZERO(15),SZERO(15) 10.0,0.01 C DATA (COEFF(I,15),1=1,9) 13009.71,-1.4706E-4,-4.3998E-6, C 1 0.1803,-1.8141E-4,-9.9068E-8, C 1 27.6833,0.199384,1.06305E-41 C C METHANE C COEFFICIENTS ARE BASED ON SATURATIONDATA FROM IUPAC TABLES C C DATA HREF(20) I'CH4'1 C DATA (CRIT(I,20),1=1,5) 116.043,111.631,190.555,4595.0,0.098921 C DATAHZERO(20),SZERO(20)/0.0,0.01 C DATA (COEFF(I,20),1=1,9) 1623.650,-4.42548E-3,-2.66667E-6, C 1 0.0725603,-2.15762E-4,7.38690E-8, C 1 35.8200,-0.0340480,1.12485E-4/ C C CHARACTERISTIC REFRIGERANT C DATA HREF(18) /IR134A'/ DATA (CRIT(I,18),I=1,5) 1102.030,233.15,374.3,4067.,0.1991 DATA HZERO(18),SZERO(18) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,18),I=1,9) 13611.8EO,-2.89497E-3,-1.28106E-6, 1 .144618EO,-1_84368E-4,-.253676E-7, 1 19.6704EO,.258433EO,-1.178714E-41 C R32: DIFLUOROMETHANE C

C DATA HREF(19) I'R3211 DATA (CRIT(I,19),1=1,5) 152.024,233.15,351.55,5814.23,.12111 DATA HZERO(19),SZERO(19) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,19),I=1,9) 11463.431,-1.212964E-3,-3.811882E-6, 1 0.07560431,-5.783178E-5,-8.592812E-8,

. 1 26.53804,0.05489753,1.574905E-51 C R141B C

C DATA HREF(20) I'R141B'1 DATA (CRIT(I,20),1=1,5) 1116.95,233.15,477.85,4400.,0.252051 DATA HZERO(20),SZERO(20) 10.0,0.01 DATA (COEFF(I,20),1=1,9) 14778.65,-1.54402E-3,-1.53332E-6, 1 0.169895,-1.003E-4,-0.144243E-6, 1 21.0244,0.277793,-1.73962E-41 C R216A, 1,3-DICHLOROHEXAFLUOROPROPANE C C DATA HREF(12) I'R216A'1 C DATA (CRIT(I,12),1=1,5) 1220.93,233.15,453.14,2754.1,0.38471 C DATA HZERO(12),SZERO(12) 10.0,0.01 C DATA (COEFF(I,12),1=1,9) 18431.44,-2.45916E-3,-9_91754E-7, C 1 0.265720,-2.20418E-4,-1.68111E-7, C 1 8.79769,0.654246,-5.39923E-41 C C R216B, 1,2-0ICHLOROHEXAFLUOROPROPANE C C DATA HREF(13) I'R216B'1 C DATA (CRIT(I,13),1=1,5) 1220.93,233.15,453.14,2754.1,0.38471 C DATA HZERO(13),SZERO(13) 10.0,0.01 C DATA (COEFF(I,13),1=1,9) 18390.00,-2.45916E-3,-9.91754E-7, C 1 0.265720,-2.20418E-4,-1.68111E-7, C 1 8.79769,0.654246,-5.39923E-41 C C ISOPENTANE C C DATA HREF(14) I'I-PENT'I C DATA (CRIT(I,14),1=1,5) 172.151,233.15,460.4,3384_255,0.305/ C DATA HZERO(14),SZERO(14) 10.0,0.01 C DATA (COEFF(I,14),1=1,9) 14763.80,-6.8115E-4,-2.9477E-6, C 1 0.2131,-1.6519E-4,-1.3550E-7, C 1 0.0,0.0,0.01 C C ISOBUTANE C C DATA HREF(1S) I'I-BUT'I C DATA (CRIT(I,15),I=1,5)158.124,233.15,408.1,3647.7,0.2631 C DATAHZERO(1S),SZERO(15) 10.0,0.01 C DATA (COEFF(I,15),I=1,9) 13009.71,-1.4706E-4,-4.3998E-6, C 1 0.1803,-1.8141E-4,-9.9068E-8, C 1 27.6833,0.199384,1.06305E-41 C C METHANE C COEFFICIENTSARE BASED ON SATURATIONDATA FROM IUPAC TABLES C C DATA HREF(20) I'CH4 11 C DATA (CRIT(I,20),1=1,5) 116.043,111.631,190.555,4595.0,0.098921 C DATAHZERO(20),SZERO(20) 10.0,0.01 C DATA (COEFF(I,20),1=1,9) 1623.650,-4.42548E-3,-2.66667E-6, C 1 0.0725603,-2.15762E-4,7.38690E-8, C 1 35.8200,-0.0340480,1.12485E-41 C C CHARACTERISTIC REFRIGERANTC C DATAHREF(20) I'R-CHAR'I C DATA (CRIT(I,20),1=1,5) 1100.0,50.,100.0,1000.0,0.01 C DATAHZERO(20),SZERO(20) 10.0,0.01 C DATA (COEFf(I,20),1=1,9) 11064.,-0.01204,0.0, C 1 0.1680,-S.066E-4,0.0, C 1 44.40,0.5560,0.01 C END C C DATAHREF(20) I'R-CHAR'I C DATA (CRIT(I,20),1=1,5) 1100.0,50.,100.0,1000.0,0.01 C DATAHZERO(20),SZERO(20) 10.0,0.01 C DATA (COEFf(1,20),1=1,9) 11064.,-0.01204,0.0, C 1 0.1680,-S.066E-4,0.0, C 1 44.40,0.5560,0.01 C ENDAPPENDIX#2

Thisappendixconteinsalistingoftheshortoutputfiles forall computerrunsconductedforbinarymixtures. The refrigerants arespecifiedbycodenumbers according to the following table.

R22 R142b R152a R143a R124 R125 R134 R134a R32 6 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 19 APPENDIX#2

Thisappendixcontainsalistingoftheshortoutputfilesforallcomputerrunsconductedforbinarymixtures. The refrigerantsarespecifiedbycodenumbers according tothefollowing table.

R22 R142b R152a R143a R124 R125 R134 R134a R32 6 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 19IR1 IR FO XM COP VCR PR PSUC PDIS CLOAD WORK TsupTair BTU/ft3 psia psia BTU/hrlJatt F C 6 6 0 1 3.37 100.1 3.28 89.1 292 11996 1043 189 78.8 11 11 0 1 3.56 61.9 3.67 48.2 177 11996 987 173 78.8 15 15 0 1 3.04 37.1 3.94 30.1 119 11996 1157 147 78.8 19 19 'a 1 3.23 166.9 3.35 145.8 488 11996 1089 227 78.8 17 17 0 1 3.44 52.0 3.84 41.7 160 11996 1023 148 78.8 18 18 0 1 3.33 62.8 3.72 53.5 199 11996 1056 152 78.8 14 14 0 1 2.89 92.3 3.11 107.4 334 11996 1218 151 78.8 16 16 0 1 2.45 88.6 3.31 119.2 394 11996 1438 146 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0 3.04 37.1 3.94 30.1 119 11996 1157 147 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.1 3.73 57.1 3.64 44.0 160 11996 944 157 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.2 3.81 74.9 3.45 58.3 201 11996 922 170 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.3 3.82· 90.5 3.33 71.8 240 11996 921 180 78.8 19 15 ·0.01 0.4 3.79 104.6 3.25 84.6 275 11996 928 188 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.5 3.74 117.6 3.2 96.8 310 11996 940 194 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.6 3.66 129.5 3.18 108.3 345 11996 960 200 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.7 3.56 140.4 3.2 119.1 381 11996 986 206 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.8 3.45 150.2 3.23 129.1 417 11996 1018 213 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.9 3.34 159.1 3.28 138.0 453 11996 1053 220 78.8 19 15 -0.01 1 3.23 166.9 3.35 145.8 488 11996 1089 227 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0 3.44 52.0 3.84 41.7 160 11996 1023 148 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.1 3.64 66.7 3.65 52.3 191 11996 966 159 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.2 3.74 80.9 3.5 63.3 222 11996 941 169 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.3 3.77 94.2 3.4 74.3 252 11996 933 177 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.4 3.76 106.6 3.33 85.1 283 11996 936 185 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.5 3.72 118.2 3.28 95.7 314 11996 946 192 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.6 3.65 129.2 3.26 106.2 346 11996 962 199 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.7 3.57 139.6 3.26 116.4 379 11996 985 206 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.8 3.47 149.3 3.27 126.5 413 11996 1013 213 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.9 3.35 158.5 3.3 136.3 450 11996 1048 220 78.8 19 17 -0.01 1 3.23 166.9 3.35 145.8 488 11996 1090 227 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0 3.33 62.8 3.72 53.5 199 11996 1056 152 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.1 3.48 76.9 3.57 64.3 230 11996 1012 161 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.2 3.55 90.1 3.46 75.1 260 11996 990 169 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.3 3.58 102.4 3.38 85.5 289 11996 983 177 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.4 3.57 113.7 3.33 95.6 318 11996 985 184 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.5 3.54 124.2 3.3 105.1 347 11996 993 191 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.6 3.49 134.0 3.29 114.2 375 11996 1006 198 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.7 3.44 143.1 3.29 122.8 404 11996 1023 205 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.8 3.37 151.5 3.3 131.0 432 11996 1043 213 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.9 3.30 159.5 3.32 138.7 460 11996 1066 220 78.8 19 18 ·0.01 1 3.23 166.9 3.35 145.8 488 11996 1090 227 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0 3.56 61.9 3.67 48.2 177 11996 987 173 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.1 3.67 71.6 3.55 55.3 196 11996 957 178 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.2 3.74 81.6 3.46 63.0 218 11996 940 184 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.3 3.77 91.8 3.38 71.2 241 11996 932 189 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.4 3.78 102.1 3.33 80.0 266 11996 931 194 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.5 3.75 112.6 3.29 89.2 293 11996 937 200 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.6 3.71 123.3 3.26 99.0 323 11996 949 205 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.7 3.63 134.2 3.25 109.5 356 11996 968 210 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.8 3.53 145.2 3.26 120.8 393 11996 996 215 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.9 3.40 156.1 3.29 132.8 437 11996 1035 221 78.8 19 11 -0.01 1 3.23 166.9 3.35 145.8 488 11996 1090 227 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0 3.33 62.8 3.72 53.5 199 11996 1056 152 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.1 3.33 66.2 3.64 57.5 209 11996 1056 152 78.8

.14 18 -0.01 0.2 3.32 69.6 3.56 61.8 220 11996 1059 152 78.8

14 18 -0.01 0.3 3.30 73.0 3.48 66.3 231 11996 1064 153 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.4 3.28 76.3 3.41 71.1 243 11996 1072 153 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.5 3.25 79.6 3.35 76.3 255 11996 1083 153 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.6 3.20 82.7 3.29 81.7 269 11996 1097 153 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.7 3.15 85.6 3.24 87.5 283 11996 1117 153 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.8 3.08 88.3 3.19 93.7 299 11996 1143 152 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.9 2.99 90.5 3.15 100.3 316 11996 1176 152 78.8 14 18 -0.01 1 2.89 92.3 3.11 107.4 334 11996 1218 151 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0 3.56 61.9 3.67 48.2 177 11996 987 173 78.8 IR1 IR FO XM COP VCR PR PSUC PDIS CLOAD WORK TsupTair BTU/ft3

. psia psia BTU/hrWatt F C 6 6 0 1 3.37 100.1 3.28 89.1 292 11996 1043 189 78.8 11 11 0 1 3.56 61.9 3.67 48.2 177 11996 987 173 78.8 15 15 0 1 3.04 37.1 3.94 30.1 119 11996 1157 147 78.8 19 19 '0 1 3.23 166.9 3.35 145.8 488 11996 1089 227 78.8 17 17 0 1 3.44 52.0 3.84 41.7 160 11996 1023 148 78.8 18 18 0 1 3.33 62.8 3.72 53.5 199 11'996 1056 152 78.8 14 14 0 1 2.89 92.3 3.11 107.4 334 11996 1218 151 78.8 16 16 0 1 2.45 88.6 3.31 119.2 394 11996 1438 146 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0 3.04 37.1 3.94 30.1 119 11996 1157 147 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.1 3.73 57.1 3.64 44.0 160 11996 944 157 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.2 3.81 74.9 3.45 58.3 201 11996 922 170 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.3 3.82

. 90.5 3.33 71.8 240 11996 921 180 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.4 3.79 104.6 3.25 84.6 275 11996 928 188 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.5 3.74 117.6 3.2 96.8 310 11996 940 194 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.6 3.66 129.5 3.18 108.3 345 11996 960 200 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.7 3.56 140.4 3.2 119.1 381 11996 986 206 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.8 3.45 150.2 3.23 129.1 417 11996 1018 213 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.9 3.34 159.1 3.28 138.0 453 11996 1053 220 78.8 19 15 -0.01 1 3.23 166.9 3.35 145.8 488 11996 1089 227 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0 3.44 52.0 3.84 41.7 160 11996 1023 148 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.1 3.64 66.7 3.65 52.3 191 11996 966 159 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.2 3.74 80.9 3.5 63.3 222 11996 941 169 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.3 3.77 94.2 3.4 74.3 252 11996 933 177 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.4 3.76 106.6 3.33 85.1 283 11996 936 185 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.5 3.72 118.2 3.28 95.7 314 11996 946 192 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.6 3.65 129.2 3.26 106.2 346 11996 962 199 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.7 3.57 139.6 3.26 116.4 379 11996 985 206 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.8 3.47 149.3 3.27 126.5 413 11996 1013 213 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.9 3.35 158.5 3.3 136.3 450 11996 1048 220 78.8 19 17 -0.01 1 3.23 166.9 3.35 145.8 488 11996 1090 227 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0 3.33 62.8 3.72 53.5 199 11996 1056 152 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.1 3.48 76.9 3.57 64.3 230 11996 1012 161 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.2 3.55 90.1 3.46 75.1 260 11996 990 169 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.3 3.58 102.4 3.38 85.5 289 11996 983 177 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.4 3.57 113.7 3.33 95.6 318 11996 985 184 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.5 3.54 124.2 3.3 105.1 347 11996 993 191 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.6 3.49 134.0 3.29 114.2 375 11996 1006 198 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.7 3.44 143.1 3.29 122.8 404 11996 1023 205 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.8 3.37 151.5 3.3 131.0 432 11996 1043 213 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.9 3.30 159.5 3.32 138.7 460 11996 1066 220 78.8 19 18 -0.01 1 3.23 166.9 3.35 145.8 488 11996 1090 227 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0 3.56 61.9 3.67 48.2 177 11996 987 173 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.1 3.67 71.6 3.55 55.3 196 11996 957 178 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.2 3.74 81.6 3.46 63.0 218 11996 940 184 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.3 3.77 91.8 3.38 71.2 241 11996 932 189 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.4 3.78 102.1 3.33 80.0 266 11996 931 194 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.5 3.75 112.6 3.29 89.2 293 11996 937 200 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.6 3.71 123.3 3.26 99.0 323 11996 949 205 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.7 3.63 134.2 3.25 109.5 356 11996 968 210 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.8 3.53 145.2 3.26 120.8 393 11996 996 215 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.9 3.40 156.1 3.29 132.8 437 11996 1035 221 78.8 19 11 -0.01 1 3.23 166.9 3.35 145.8 488 11996 1090 227 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0 3.33 62.8 3.72 53.5 199 11996 1056 152 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.1 3.33 66.2 3.64 57.5 209 11996 1056 152 78.8

.14 18 -0.01 0.2 3.32 69.6 3.56 61.8 220 11996 1059 152 78.8

14 18 -0.01 0.3 3.30 73.0 3.48 66.3 231 11996 1064 153 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.4 3.28 76.3 3.41 71.1 243 11996 1072 153 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.5 3.25 79.6 3.35 76.3 255 11996 1083 153 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.6 3.20 82.7 3.29 81.7 269 11996 1097 153 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.7 3.15 85.6 3.24 87.5 283 11996 1117 153 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.8 3.08 88.3 3.19 93.7 299 11996 1143 152 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.9 2.99 90.5 3.15 100.3 316 11996 1176 152 78.8 14 18 -0.01 1 2.89 92.3 3.11 107.4 334 11996 1218 151 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0 3.56 61.9 3.67 48.2 177 11996 987 173 78.814 11 -0.01 0.1 3.57 64.7 3.6 51.3 184 11996 985 171 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.2 3.57 67.7 3.53 54.7 193 11996 986 169 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.3 3.56 70.8 3.46 58.5 203 11996 989 167 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.4 3.53 74.2 3.4 62.9 214 11996 995 165 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.5 3.50 77.6 3.34 67.8 226 11996 1006 163 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.6 3.44 81.1 3.28 73.4 241 11996 1022 161 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.7 3.36 84.6 3.23 79.8 258 11996 1045 159 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.8 3.25 88.0 3.18 87.4 278 11996 1080 156 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.9 3.10 90.7 3.14 96.4 303 11996 1133 154 78.8 14 11 -0.01 1 2.89 92.3 3.11 107.4 334 11996 1218 151 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0 3.04 37.1 3.94 30.1 119 11996 1157 147 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.1 3.30 44.2 3.74 36.0 135 11996 1065 147 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.2 3.53 51.4 3.58 42.4 152 11996 997 147 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.3 3.57 58.2 3.47 49.2 171 11996 985 149 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.4 3.55 64.7 3.37 56.3 190 11996 990 151 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.5 3.51 70.8 3.29 63.7 210 11996 1001 152 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.6 3.45 76.6 3.22 71.5 231 11996 1020 152 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.7 3.36 81.8 3.17 79.7 253 11996 1048 153 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.8 3.23 86.3 3.14 88.4 277 11996 1087 152 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.9 3.08 89.9 3.11 97.6 304 11996 1142 152 78.8 14 15 -0.01 1 2.89 92.3 3.11 107.4 334 11996 1218 151 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0 3.33 62.8 3.72 53.5 199 1"1996 1056 152 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.1 3.33 65.8 3.67 57.0 209 11996 1057 151 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.2 3.32 69.0 3.61 60.9 220 11996 1060 150 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.3 3.30 72.4 3.56 65.2 232 11996 1067 150 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.4 3.26 75.8 3.51 70.1 246 11996 1078 149 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.5 3.21 79.3 3.46 75.6 262 11996 1095 148 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.6 3.14 82.8 3.42 81.8 280 11996 1119 148 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.7 3.04 85.9 3.38 89.0 301 11996 1155 147 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.8 2.91 88.5 3.34 97.4 326 11996 1209 147 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.9 2.72 89.8 3.32 107.3 356 11996 1294 146 78.8 16 18 -0.01 1 2.45 88.6 3.31 119.2 394 11996 1438 146 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0 3.56 61.9 3.67 48.2 177 11996 987 173 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.1 3.57 64.5 3.61 50.9 184 11996 984 170 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.2 3.58 67.3 3.56 53.9 192 11996 983 167 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.3 3.57 70.4 3.51 57.5 202 11996 984 165 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.4 3.55 73.9 3.46 61.7 213 11996 990 162 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.5 3.51 77.6 3.41 66.6 227 11996 1000 159 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.6 3.45 81.5 3.37 72.6 245 11996 1019 156 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.7 3.35 85.6 3.33 79.9 266 11996 1050 153 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.8 3.19 89.5 3.3 89.3 295 11996 1103 151 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.9 2.92 91.8 3.29 101.7 335 11996 1204 148 78.8 16 11 -0.01 1 2.45 88.6 3.31 119.2 394 11996 1438 146 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0 3.04 37.1 3.94 30.1 119 11996 1157 147 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.1 3.17 42.8 3.82 34.7 132 11996 1109 148 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.2 3.28 48.9 3.71 39.9 148 11996 1073 148 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.3 3.37 55.3 3.62 45.8 166 11996 1043 148 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.4 3.45 61.8 3.53 52.5 185 11996 1018 148 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.5 3.49 68.4 3.46 59.9 207 11996 1006 147 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.6 3.42 74.9 3.39 68.4 232 11996 1029 148 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.7 3.30 81.1 3.34 78.1 261 11996 1065 147 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.8 3.12 86.5 3.3 89.4 295 11996 1126 147 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.9 2.85 89.8 3.29 102.9 338 11996 1233 146 78.8 16 15 -0.01 1 2.44 88.6 3.31 119.2 394 11996 1438 146 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0 3.97 40.4 3.17 30.1 96 11996 885 130 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.1 4.85 62.9 2.91 45.0 131 11996 724 140 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.2 4.95 81.9 2.79 59.5 166 11996 710 151 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.3 4.95 98.3 2.71 72.9 198 11996 710 159 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.4 4.92 113.0 2.66 85.6 227 11996 714 165 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.5 4.87 126.6 2.62 97.6 256 11996 722 170 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.6 4.78 139.2 2.61 109.0 284 11996 735 174 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.7 4.66 150.8 2.62 119.6 313 11996 754 179 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.8 4.52 161.4 2.65 129.4 343 11996 778 184 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.9 4.36 171.0 2.7 138.2 373 11996 807 190 78.8 19 15 -0.01 1 4.20 179.3 2.76 145.8 402 11996 837 197 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0 4.42 56.4 3.11 41.7 130 11996 795 131 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.1 3.57 64.7 3.6 51.3 184 11996 985 171 78

.8 14 11 -0.01 0.2 3.57 67.7 3.53 54.7 193 11996 986 169 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.3 3.56 70.8 3.46 58.5 203 11996 989 167 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.4 3.53 74.2 3.4 62.9 214 11996 995 165 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.5 3.50 77.6 3.34 67.8 226 11996 1006 163 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0

.6 3.44 81.1 3.28 73.4 241 11996 1022 161 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.7 3.36 84.6 3.23 79.8 258 11996 1045 159 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0

.8 3.25 88.0 3.18 87.4 278 11996 1080 156 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.9

.3.10 90.7 3.14 96.4 303 11996 1133 154 78.8 14 11 -0

.01 1 2.89 92.3 3.11 107.4 334 11996 1218 151 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0 3.04 37.1 3.94 30.1 119 11996 1157 147 78

.8 14 15 -0.01 0.1 3.30 44.2 3.74 36.0 135 11996 1065 147 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.2 3.53 51.4 3.58 42.4 152 11996 997 147 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.3 3.57 58.2 3.47 49.2 171 11996 985 149 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.4 3.55 64.7 3.37 56.3 190 11996 990 151 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0

.5 3.51 70.8 3.29 63.7 210 11996 1001 152 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.6 3.45 76.6 3.22 71.5 231 11996 1020 152 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.7 3.36 81.8 3.17 79.7 253 11996 1048 153 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0

.8 3.23 86.3 3.14 88.4 277 11996 1087 152 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.9 3.08 89.9 3.11 97.6 304 11996 1142 152 78.8 14 15 -0.01 1 2.89 92.3 3.11 107.4 334 11996 1218 151 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0 3.33 62.8 3.72 53.5 199 ,.,996 1056 152 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.1 3.33 65.8 3.67 57.0 209 11996 1057 151 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.2 3.32 69.0 3.61 60.9 220 11996 1060 150 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.3 3.30 72.4 3.56 65.2 232 11996 1067 150 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.4 3.26 75.8 3.51 70.1 246 11996 1078 149 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.5 3.21 79.3 3.46 75

.6 262 11996 1095 148 78.8 16 18

-0.01 0.6 3.14 82.8 3.42 81.8 280 11996 1119 148 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.7 3.04 85.9 3.38 89.0 301 11996 1155 147 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.8 2.91 88.5 3.34 97.4 326 11996 1209 147 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0

.9 2.72 89.8 3.32 107.3 356 11996 1294 146 78.8 16 18 -0.01 1 2.45 88.6 3.31 119.2 394 11996 1438 146 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0 3.56 61.9 3.67 48

.2 177 11996 987 173 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.1 3

.57 64.5 3.61 50.9 184 11996 984 170 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.2 3.58 67.3 3.56 53.9 192 11996 983 167 78

.8 16 11 -0.01 0.3 3.57 70.4 3.51 57.5 202 11996 984 165 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.4 3.55 73.9 3.46 61.7 213 11996 990 162 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.5 3.51 77.6 3.41 66.6 227 11996 1000 159 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.6 3.45 81.5 3.37 72.6 245 11996 1019 156 78

.8 16 11 -0.01 0.7 3.35 85.6 3.33 79

.9 266 11996 1050 153 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.8 3.19 89.5 3.3 89.3 295 11996 1103 151 78

.8 16 11 -0.01 0.9 2.92 91.8 3.29 101.7 335 11996 1204 148 78.8 16 11 -0.01 1 2.45 88.6 3.31 119.2 394 11996 1438 146 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0 3.04 37.1 3.94 30.1 119 11996 1157 147 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0

.1 3.17 42.8 3.82 34.7 132 11996 1109 148 78

.8 16 15 -0.01 0.2 3.28 48.9 3.71 39.9 148 11996 1073 148 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.3 3.37 55.3 3.62 45.8 166 11996 1043 148 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.4 3.45 61.8 3.53 52.5 185 11996 1018 148 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.5 3.49 68.4 3.46 59.9 207 11996 1006 147 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.6 3.42 74

.9 3.39 68.4 232 11996 1029 148 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.7 3.30 81.1 3.34 78.1 261 11996 1065 147 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.8 3.12 86.5 3.3 89.4 295 11996 1126 147 78.8 16 15

-0.01 0.9 2.85 89.8 3.29 102.9 338 11996 1233 146 78.8 16 15 '0.01 1 2.44 88.6 3.31 119.2 394 11996 1438 146 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0 3.97 40.4 3.17 30.1 96 11996 885 130 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.1 4.85 62.9 2.91 45.0 131 11996 724 140 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.2 4.95 81.9 2.79 59.5 166 11996 710 151 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.3 4.95 98.3 2.71 72.9 198 11996 710 159 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.4 4.92 113.0 2.66 85

.6 227 11996 714 165 78.8 19 15 '0.01 0.5 4.87 126.6 2.62 97.6 256 11996 722 170 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.6 4.78 139.2 2.61 109.0 284 11996 735 174 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.7 4.66 150.8 2.62 119.6 313 11996 754 179 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.8 4.52 161.4 2.65 129.4 343 11996 778 184 78.8 19 15 -0.01 0.9 4.36 171.0 2.7 138.2 373 11996 807 190 78.8 19 15 -0.01 1 4.20 179.3 2

.76 145

.8 402 11996 837 197 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0 4.42 56.4 3.11 41.7 130 11996 795 131 78.819 17 -0.01 0.1 4.72 72.7 2.94 52.8 155 11996, 746 140 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.2 4.85 88.0 2.83 64.1 181 11996 724 148 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.3 4.90 102.0 2.76 75.2 207 11996 718 155 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.4 4.89 115.1 2.71 86.0 233 11996 720 162 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.5 4.84 127.3 2.68 96.5 258 11996 727 167 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.6 4.76 138.9 2.66 106.8 285 11996 738 173 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.7 4.66 149.9 2.66 117.0 312 11996 755 178 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.8 4.53 160.3 2.68 126.9 340 11996 

### m 184 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.9 4.37 170.2 2.71 136.5 370 11996 804 190 78.8 19 17 -0.01 1 4.20 179.3 2.76 145.8 402 11996 837 197 78.8 19 18 -0.01 

## a 4.32 68.7 3.03 53.5 162 11996 813 134 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.1 4.53 84.2 2.9 64.7 187 11996 775 142 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.2 4.64 98.5 2.81 75.8 213 11996 757 149 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.3 4.68 111.5 2.75 86.3 237 11996 752 155 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.4 4.67 123.5 2.71 96.3 261 11996 753 161 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.5 4.63 134.5 2.69 105.8 285 11996 760 167 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.6 4.57 144.7 2.69 114.8 309 11996 770 173 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.7 4.49 154.3 2.69 123.3 332 11996 783 178 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.8 4.40 163.2 2.71 131.3 355 11996 799 184 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.9 4.30 171.5 2.73 138.8 379 11996 817 190 78.8 19 18 -0.01 1 4.20 179.3 2.76 145.8 402 11996 837 197 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0 4.54 66.0 2.99 48.2 144 11996 775 152 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.1 4.70 76.6 2.89 55.6 161 11996 747 156 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.2 4.81 87.4 2.81 63.5 179 11996 731 161 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.3 4.87 98.4 2.75 71.9 198 11996 722 165 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.4 4.88 109.4 2.71 80.7 219 11996 720 170 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.5 4.86 120.5 2.c:-a 89.9 241 11996 724 174 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.6 4.80 131.9 2.67 99.7 266 11996 732 178 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.7 4.72 143.5 2.66 110.1 293 11996 745 182 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.8 4.59 155.4 2.67 121.2 324 11996 765 187 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.9 4.42 167.4 2.7 133.1 359 11996 794 191 78.8 19 11 -0.01 1 4.20 179.3 2.76 145.8 402 11996 837 197 78.8 14 18 -0.01 

## a 4.32 68.7 3.03 53.5 162 11996 813 134 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.1 4.34 72.7 2.96 57.6 170 11996 810 134 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.2 4.35 76.7 2.9 62.0 180 11996 808 134 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.3 4.35 80.7 2.84 66.6 189 11996 809 134 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.4 4.33 84.7 2.79 71.5 199 11996 811 134 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.5 4.30 88.7 2.74 76.7 210 11996 817 134 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.6 4.26 92.5 2.7 82.1 222 11996 825 134 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.7 4.20 96.1 2.67 87.9 234 11996 836 134 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.8 4.13 99.5 2.63 94.0 248 11996 852 134 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.9 4.03 102.5 2.61 100.5 262 11996 873 133 78.8 14 18 -0.01 1 3.91 105.1 2.59 107.4 278 11996 900 132 78.8 14 11 -0.01 

## a 4.54 66.0 2.99 48.2 144 11996 775 152 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.1 4.56 69.3 2.94 51.4 151 11996 770 150 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.2 4.58 72.8 2.88 54.9 158 11996 767 148 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.3 4.59 76.6 2.83 58.8 166 11996 766 147 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.4 4.58 80.5 2.78 63.2 176 11996 767 145 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.5 4.55 84.6 2.74 68.2 187 11996 772 143 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.6 4.51 88.9 2.69 73.8 199 11996 780 142 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.7 4.43 93.4 2.66 80.3 213 11996 793 140 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.8 4.32 97.8 2.63 87.8 231 11996 815 137 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.9 4.15 101.9 2.6 96.7 252 11996 848 135 78.8 14 11 -0.01 1 3.91 105.1 2.59 107.4 278 11996 900 132 78.8 14 15 -0.01 

## a 3.97 40.4 3.17 30.1 96 11996 885 130 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.1 4.34 48.7 3.01 36.4 109 11996 810 130 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.2 4.64 56.8 2.89 43.0 124 11996 757 130 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.3 4.70 64.5 2.8 50.0 140 11996 747 132 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.4 4.70 71.9 2.73 57.1 156 11996 748 134 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.5 4.66 78.9 2.68 64.6 173 11996 754 135 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.6 4.59 85.4 2.63 72.3 191 11996 766 135 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.7 4.49 91.5 2.6 80.5 209 11996 784 135 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.8 4.34 97.0 2.58 89.0 230 11996 810 134 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.9 4.15 101.6 2.58 97.9 252 11996 847 134 78.8 14 15 -0.01 1 3.91. 105.1 2.59 107.4 278 11996 900 132 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0 3.33 62.8 3.72 53.5 199 11996 1056 152 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.1 4.72 72.7 2.94 52.8 155 11996, 746 140 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.2 4.85 88.0 2.83 64.1 181 11996 724 148 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.3 4.90 102.0 2.76 75.2 207 11996 718 155 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.4 4.89 115.1 2.71 86.0 233 11996 720 162 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.5 4.84 127.3 2.68 96.5 258 11996 727 167 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.6 4.76 138.9 2.66 106.8 285 11996 738 173 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.7 4.66 149.9 2.66 117.0 312 11996 755 178 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.8 4.53 160.3 2.68 126.9 340 11996 

## m 184 78.8 19 17 -0.01 0.9 4.37 170.2 2.71 136.5 370 11996 804 190 78.8 19 17 -0.01 1 4.20 179.3 2.76 145.8 402 11996 837 197 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0 4.32 68.7 3.03 53.5 162 11996 813 134 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.1 4.53 84.2 2.9 64.7 187 11996 775 142 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.2 4.64 98.5 2.81 75.8 213 11996 757 149 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.3 4.68 111.5 2.75 86.3 237 11996 752 155 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.4 4.67 123.5 2.71 96.3 261 11996 753 161 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.5 4.63 134.5 2.69 105.8 285 11996 760 167 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.6 4.57 144.7 2.69 114.8 309 11996 770 173 78.8 19 18 '0.01 0.7 4.49 154.3 2.69 123.3 332 11996 783 178 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0.8 4.40 163.2 2.71 131.3 355 11996 799 184 78.8 19 18 '0.01 0.9 4.30 171.5 2.73 138.8 379 11996 817 190 78.8 19 18 -0.01 1 4.20 179.3 2.76 145.8 402 11996 837 197 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0 4.54 66.0 2.99 48.2 144 11996 775 152 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.1 4.70 76.6 2.89 55.6 161 11996 747 156 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.2 4.81 87.4 2.81 63.5 179 11996 731 161 78.8 19 11 '0.01 0.3 4.87 98.4 2.75 71.9 198 11996 722 165 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.4 4.88 109.4 2.71 80.7 219 11996 720 170 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.5 4.86 120.5 2.C:-S 89.9 241 11996 724 174 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.6 4.80 131.9 2.67 99.7 266 11996 732 178 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.7 4.72 143.5 2.66 110.1 293 11996 745 182 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.8 4.59 155.4 2.67 121.2 324 11996 765 187 78.8 19 11 -0.01 0.9 4.42 167.4 2.7 133.1 359 11996 794 191 78.8 19 11 -0.01 1 4.20 179.3 2.76 145.8 402 11996 837 197 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0 4.32 68.7 3.03 53.5 162 11996 813 134 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.1 4.34 72.7 2.96 57.6 170 11996 810 134 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.2 4.35 76.7 2.9 62.0 180 11996 808 134 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.3 4.35 80.7 2.84 66.6 189 11996 809 134 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.4 4.33 84.7 2.79 71.5 199 11996 811 134 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.5 4.30 88.7 2.74 76.7 210 11996 817 134 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.6 4.26 92.5 2.7 82.1 222 11996 825 134 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.7 4.20 96.1 2.67 87.9 234 11996 836 134 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.8 4.13 99.5 2.63 94.0 248 11996 852 134 78.8 14 18 -0.01 0.9 4.03 102.5 2.61 100.5 262 11996 873 133 78.8 14 18 '0.01 1 3.91 105.1 2.59 107.4 278 11996 900 132 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0 4.54 66.0 2.99 48.2 144 11996 775 152 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.1 4.56 69.3 2.94 51.4 151 11996 770 150 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.2 4.58 72.8 2.88 54.9 158 11996 767 148 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.3 4.59 76.6 2.83 58.8 166 11996 766 147 78.8 14 11 '0.01 0.4 4.58 80.5 2.78 63.2 176 11996 767 145 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.5 4.55 84.6 2.74 68.2 187 11996 772 143 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.6 4.51 88.9 2.69 73.8 199 11996 780 142 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.7 4.43 93.4 2.66 80.3 213 11996 793 140 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.8 4.32 97.8 2.63 87.8 231 11996 815 137 78.8 14 11 -0.01 0.9 4.15 101.9 2.6 96.7 252 11996 848 135 78.8 14 11 -0.01 1 3.91 105.1 2.59 107.4 278 11996 900 132 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0 3.97 40.4 3.17 30.1 96 11996 885 130 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.1 4.34 48.7 3.01 36.4 109 11996 810 130 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.2 4.64 56.8 2.89 43.0 124 11996 757 130 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.3 4.70 64.5 2.8 50.0 140 11996 747 132 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.4 4.70 71.9 2.73 57.1 156 11996 748 134 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.5 4.66 78.9 2.68 64.6 173 11996 754 135 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.6 4.59 85.4 2.63 72.3 191 11996 766 135 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.7 4.49 91.5 2.6 80.5 209 11996 784 135 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.8 4.34 97.0 2.58 89.0 230 11996 810 134 78.8 14 15 -0.01 0.9 4.15 101.6 2.58 97.9 252 11996 847 134 78.8 14 15 -0.01 1 3.91

. 105.1 2.59 107.4 278 11996 900 132 78.8 16 18 '0.01 0 3.33 62.8 3.72 53.5 199 11996 1056 152 78.816 18 -0.01 0.1 3.33 65.8 3.67 57.0 209 11996 1057 151 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.2 3.32 69.0 3.61 60.9 220 11996 1060 150 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.3 3.30 72.4 3.56 65.2 232 11996 1067 150 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.4 3.26 75.8 3.51 70.1 246 11996 1078 149 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.5 3.21 79.3 3.46 75.6 262 11996 1095 148 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.6 3.14 82.8 3.42 81.8 280 11996 1119 148 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.7 3.04 85.9 3.38 89.0 301 11996 1155 147 78.8 16 18 ,0.01 0.8 2.91 88.5 3.34 97.4 326 11996 1209 147 78_8 16 18 -0.01 0.9 2.n 89.8 3.32 107.3 356 11996 1294 146 78.8 16 18 -0.01 1 2.45 88.6 3.31 119.2 394 11996 1438 146 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0 3.56 61.9 3.67 48.2 1n 11996 987 173 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.1 3.57 64.5 3.61 50.9 184 11996 984 170 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.2 3.58 67.3 3.56 53.9 192 11996 983 167 78.8 16 o11 -0.01 0.3 3.57 70.4 3.51 57.5 202 11996 984 165 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.4 3.55 73.9 3.46 61.7 213 11996 990 162 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.5 3.51 n.6 3.41 66.6 227 11996 1000 159 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.6 3.45 81.5 3.37 72.6 245 11996 1019 156 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.7 3.35 85.6 3.33 79.9 266 11996 1050 153 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.8 3.19 89.5 3.3 89.3 295 11996 1103 151 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.9 2.92 91.8 3.29 101.7 335 11996 1204 148 78.8 16 11 -0.01 1 2.45 88.6 3.31 119.2 394 11996 1438 146 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0 3.04 37.1 3.94 30.1 119 11996 1157 147 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.1 3.17 42.8 3.82 34.7 132 11996 1109 148 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.2 3.28 48.9 3.71 39.9 148 11996 1073 148 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.3 3.37 55.3 3.62 45.8 166 11996 1043 148 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.4 3.45 61.8 3.53 52.5 185 11996 1018 148 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.5 3.49 68.4 3.46 59.9 207 11996 1006 147 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.6 3.42 74.9 3.39 68.4 232 11996 1029 148 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.7 3.30 81.1 3.34 78.1 261 11996 1065 147 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.8 3.12 86.5 3.3 89.4 295 11996 1126 147 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.9 2.85 89.8 3.29 102.9 338 11996 1233 146 78.8 16 15 -0.01 1 2.44 88.6 3.31 119.2 394 11996 1438 146 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0 2.60 42.7 5.14 36.7 189 11989 1350 155 46.99 19 18 -0.01 0.1 2.74 52.6 4.88 44.0 214 11989 1281 16546.99 19 18 -0.01 0.2 2.82 62.0 4.69 51.4 241 11989 1248 175 46.99 19 18 -0.01 0.3 2.84 70.9 4.55 58.7 267 11989 1236 18446.99 19 18 -0.01 0.4 2.84 79.2 4.47 65.9 294 11989 1238 19346.99 19 18 -0.01 0.5 2.81 87.1 4.42 72.8 322 11989 1248 20246.99 19 18 -0.01 0.6 2.78 94.5 4.39 79.6 350 11989 1265 211 46.99 19 18 -0.01 0.7 2.73 101.5 4.39 86.1 378 11989 1287 22046.99 19 18 -0.01 0.8 2.68 108.2 4.4 92.4 407 11989 1312 22946.99 19 18 -0.01 0.9 2.62 114.5 4.42 98.4 435 11989 1340 23946.99 19 18 -0.01 1 2.56 120.4 4.46 104.0 464 11989 1370 24946.99 19 11 -0.01 0 2.83 42.8 5.01 33.1 166 11989 1241 181 46.99 19 11 -0.01 0.1 2.93 49.5 4.81 37.9 182 11989 1199 18746.99 19 11 -0.01 0.2 2.99 56.5 4.65 43.1 200 11989 1174 19246.99 19 11 -0.01 0.3 3.02 63.7 4.53 48.7 221 11989 1162 19846.99 19 11 -0.01 0.4 3.03 71.0 4.44 54.7 243 11989 1161 20446.99 19 11 -0.01 0.5 3.01 78.6 4.38 61.2 268 11989 1169 211 46.99 19 11 -0.01 0.6 2.96 86.4 4.34 68.2 296 11989 1186 21746.99 19 11 -0.01 0.7 2.90 94.5 4.33 75.9 329 11989 1212 225 46.99 19 11 -0.01 0.8 2.81 102.9 4.34 84.4 366 11989 1250 23246.99 19 11 -0.01 0.9 2.70 111.6 4.38 93.7 411 11989 1301 24046.99 19 11 -0.01 1 2.56 120.4 4.46 104.0 464 11989 1370 24946.99 14 18 -0.01 0 2.60 42.7 5.14 36.7 189 11989 1350 155 46.99 14 18 -0.01 0.1 2.60 45.1 5.01 39.6 198 11989 1352 155 46.99 14 18 -0.01 0.2 2.59 47.5 4.88 42.6 208 11989 1358 15646.99 14 18 -0.01 0.3 2.57 50.0 4.76 46.0 219 11989 1366 15646.99 14 18 -0.01 0.4 2.55 52.5 4.65 49.5 230 11989 1379 15646.99 14 18 -0.01 0.5 2.52 54.9 4.55 53.3 243 11989 1396 15646.99 14 18 -0.01 0.6 2.48 57.3 4.46 57.5 256 11989 1419 15646.99 14 18 -0.01 0.7 2.43 59.6 4.38 61.9 271 11989 1448 15646.99 14 18 -0.01 0.8 2.36 61.7 4.3 66.8 287 11989 1487 15646.99 14 18 -0.01 0.9 2.29 63.5 4.23 72.1 305 11989 1536 15646.99 14 18 -0.01 1 2.19 65.0 4.17 78.0 325 11989 1601 15546.99 14 11 -0.01 0 2.83 42.8 5.01 33.1 166 11989 1241 181 46.99 16 18 -0.01 0.1 3.33 65.8 3.67 57.0 209 11996 1057 151 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.2 3.32 69.0 3.61 60.9 220 11996 1060 150 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.3 3.30 72.4 3.56 65.2 232 11996 1067 150 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.4 3.26 75.8 3.51 70.1 246 11996 1078 149 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.5 3.21 79.3 3.46 75.6 262 11996 1095 148 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.6 3.14 82.8 3.42 81.8 280 11996 1119 148 78.8 16 18 -0.01 0.7 3.04 85.9 3.38 89.0 301 11996 1155 147 78.8 16 18**~0.01** 0.8 2.91 88.5 3.34 97.4 326 11996 1209 147 78_8 16 18 -0.01 0.9 

### 2.n 89.8 3.32 107.3 356 11996 1294 146 78.8 16 18 -0.01 1 2.45 88.6 3.31 119.2 394 11996 1438 146 78_8 16 11 -0.01 0 3.56 61.9 3.67 48.2 

### 1n 11996 987 173 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.1 3.57 64.5 3.61 50.9 184 11996 984 170 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.2 3.58 67.3 3.56 53.9 192 11996 983 167 78.8 16 o11 -0.01 0.3 3.57 70.4 3.51 57.5 202 11996 984 165 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.4 3.55 73.9 3.46 61.7 213 11996 990 162 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.5 3.51 

### n.6 3.41 66.6 227 11996 1000 159 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.6 3.45 81.5 3.37 72.6 245 11996 1019 156 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.7 3.35 85.6 3.33 79.9 266 11996 1050 153 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.8 3.19 89.5 3.3 89.3 295 11996 1103 151 78.8 16 11 -0.01 0.9 2.92 91.8 3.29 101.7 335 11996 1204 148 78.8 16 11 -0.01 1 2.45 88.6 3.31 119.2 394 11996 1438 146 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0 3.04 37.1 3.94 30.1 119 11996 1157 147 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.1 3.17 42.8 3.82 34.7 132 11996 1109 148 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.2 3.28 48.9 3.71 39.9 148 11996 1073 148 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.3 3.37 55.3 3.62 45.8 166 11996 1043 148 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.4 3.45 61.8 3.53 52.5 185 11996 1018 148 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.5 3.49 68.4 3.46 59.9 207 11996 1006 147 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.6 3.42 74.9 3.39 68.4 232 11996 1029 148 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.7 3.30 81.1 3.34 78.1 261 11996 1065 147 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.8 3.12 86.5 3.3 89.4 295 11996 1126 147 78.8 16 15 -0.01 0.9 2.85 89.8 3.29 102.9 338 11996 1233 146 78.8 16 15 -0.01 1 2.44 88.6 3.31 119.2 394 11996 1438 146 78.8 19 18 -0.01 0 2.60 42.7 5.14 36.7 189 11989 1350 15546.99 19 18 -0.01 0.1 2.74 52.6 4.88 44.0 214 11989 1281 16546.99 19 18 -0.01 0.2 2.82 62.0 4.69 51.4 241 11989 1248 17546.99 19 18 -0.01 0.3 2.84 70.9 4.55 58.7 267 11989 1236 18446.99 19 18 -0.01 0.4 2.84 79.2 4.47 65.9 294 11989 1238 19346.99 19 18 -0.01 0.5 2.81 87.1 4.42 72.8 322 11989 1248 20246.99 19 18 -0.01 0.6 2.78 94.5 4.39 79.6 350 11989 1265 211 46.99 19 18 -0.01 0.7 2.73 101.5 4.39 86.1 378 11989 1287 22046.99 19 18 -0.01 0.8 2.68 108.2 4.4 92.4 407 11989 1312 22946.99 19 18 -0.01 0.9 2.62 114.5 4.42 98.4 435 11989 1340 23946.99 19 18 -0.01 1 2.56 120.4 4.46 104.0 464 11989 1370 24946.99 19 11 -0.01 0 2.83 42.8 5.01 33.1 166 11989 1241 181 46.99 19 11 -0.01 0.1 2.93 49.5 4.81 37.9 182 11989 1199 18746.99 19 11 -0.01 0.2 2.99 56.5 4.65 43.1 200 11989 1174 19246.99 19 11 -0.01 0.3 3.02 63.7 4.53 48.7 221 11989 1162 19846.99 19 11 -0.01 0.4 3.03 71.0 4.44 54.7 243 11989 1161 20446.99 19 11 -0.01 0.5 3.01 78.6 4.38 61.2 268 11989 1169 211 46.99 19 11 -0.01 0.6 2.96 86.4 4.34 68.2 296 11989 1186 21746.99 19 11 -0.01 0.7 2.90 94.5 4.33 75.9 329 11989 1212 22546.99 19 11 -0.01 0.8 2.81 102.9 4.34 84.4 366 11989 1250 23246.99 19 11 -0.01 0.9 2.70 111.6 4.38 93.7 411 11989 1301 24046.99 19 11 -0.01 1 2.56 120.4 4.46 104.0 464 11989 1370 24946.99 14 18 -0.01 

## a 2.60 42.7 5.14 36.7 189 11989 1350 15546.99 14 18 -0.01 0.1 2.60 45.1 5.01 39.6 198 11989 1352 15546.99 14 18 -0.01 0.2 2.59 47.5 4.88 42.6 208 11989 1358 15646.99 14 18 -0.01 0.3 2.57 50.0 4.76 46.0 219 11989 1366 15646.99 14 18 -0.01 0.4 2.55 52.5 4.65 49.5 230 11989 1379 15646.99 14 18 -0.01 0.5 2.52 54.9 4.55 53.3 243 11989 1396 15646.99 14 18 -0.01 0.6 2.48 57.3 4.46 57.5 256 11989 1419 15646.99 14 18 -0.01 0.7 2.43 59.6 4.38 61.9 271 11989 1448 15646.99 14 18 -0.01 0.8 2.36 61.7 4.3 66.8 287 11989 1487 15646.99 14 18 -0.01 0.9 2.29 63.5 4.23 72.1

. 305 11989 1536 15646.99 14 18 -0.01 1 2.19 65.0 4.17 78.0 325 11989 1601 15546.99 14 11 -0.01 

## a 2.83 42.8 5.01 33.1 166 11989 1241 181 46.9914 

# " -0.01 0.1 2.83 44.8 4.9 35.3 173 11989 1241 17846.99 14 

# " -0.01 0.2 2.83 46.9 4.79 37.7 181 11989 1244 17646.99 14 

# " -0.01 0.3 2.81 49.1 4.69 40.5 190 11989 1250 17346.99 14 

# " -0_01 0.4 2.79 51.5 4.6 43.6 200 11989 1260 171 46.99 14 11 -0.01 0.5 2.75 54.0 4.5 47.1 212 11989 1277 16846.99 14 

# " -0.01 0.6 2.70 56.6 4.42 51.3 227 11989 1301 16646.99 14 

# " -0.01 0.1 2.63 59.2 4.34 56.1 244 11989 1336 16346.99 14 

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. -0.01 0.3 1.81 31.4 9.72 25.3 246 11989 1946 246 17.01 19 11 -0.01 0.4 1.81 35.4 9.45 28.6 270 11989 1944 255 17.01 19 11 -0.01 0.5 1.79 39.5 9.24 32.3 298 11989 1959 264 17.01 19 11 -0.01 0.6 1.76 43.8 9.11 36.3 330 11989 1991 274 17.01 19 11 -0.01 0.7 1.72 48.2 9.03 40.7 368 11989 2039 285 17.01 19 11 "0.01 0.8 1.67 52.9 9.02 45.7 412 11989 2108 296 17.01 19 11 -0.01 0.9 1.60 57.6 9.06 51.2 465 11989 2201 309 17.01 19 11 -0.01 1 1.51 62.4 9.18 57.5 528 11989 2325 321 17.01 14 18 -0.01 0 1.45 19.0 11.72 18.8 220 11989 2416 184 17.01 14 18 -0.01 0.1 1.44 20.1 11.36 20.4 231 11989 2444 185 17.01 14 18 -0.01 0.2 1.42 21.2 11.03 22.1 243 11989 2478 186 17.01 14 18 -0.01 0.3 1.39 22.3 10.72 23.9 257 11989 2521 186 17.01 14 18 -0.01 0.4 1.36 23.3 10.42 26.0 271 11989 2576 187 17.01 14 18 -0.01 0.5 1.33 24.3 10.15 28.3 287 11989 2645 187 17.01 14 18 -0.01 0.6 1.28 25.3 9.91 30.8 305 11989 2735 188 17.01 14 18 -0.01 0.7 1.23 26.1 9.7 33.5 325 11989 2856 189 17.01 14 18 -0.01 0.8 1.16 26.5 9.53 36.6 349 11989 3027 190 17.01 14 18 -0.01 0.9 1.06 26.4 9.45 40.2 380 11989 3302 191 17.01 19 17 -0.01 0 1.54 15.6 12.3 14.2 175 11989 2279 178 17.01 19 17 -0.01 0.1 1.67 20.5 11.34 17.6 199 11989 2103 193 17.01 19 17 -0.01 0.2 1.74 25.6 10.58 21.5 227 11989 2021 207 17.01 19 17 -0.01 0.3 1.77 30.6 10.01 25.6 256 11989 1988 221 17.01 19 17 -0.01 0.4 1.77 35.6 9.63 29.8 287 11989 1987 235 17.01 19 17 -0.01 0.5 1.75 40.4 9.37 34.2 321 11989 2008 249 17.01 19 17 -0.01 0.6 1.72 45.0 9.21 38.7 356 11989 2046 263 17.01 19 17 -0.01 0.7 1.67 49.6 9.12 43.3 395 11989 2098 278 17.01 19 17 -0.01 0.8 1.63 54.1 9.1 48.0 437 11989 2162 292 17.01 19 17 -0.01 0.9 1.57 58.3 9.12 52.8 481 11989 2238 307 17.01 19 17 -0.01 1 1.51 62.4 9.18 57.5 528 11989 2325 321 17.01 19 15 -0.01 0 1.40 10.6 13.04 10.1 132 11989 2517 170 17.01 19 15 -0.01 0.1 1.73 17.1 11.29 14.3 161 11989 2035 184 17.01 19 15 -0.01 0.2 1.81 23.3 10.23 19.2 196 11989 1940 202 17.01 19 15 -0.01 0.3 1.83 29.3 9.58 24.3 232 11989 1924 219 17.01 19 15 -0.01 0.4 1.81 34.8 9.21 29.3 270 11989 1946 234 17.01 19 15 -0.01 0.5 1.77 40.1 9 34.4 309 11989 1989 249 17.01 19 15 -0.01 0.6 1.72 45.2 8.9 39.4 351 11989 2045 264 17.01 19 15 -0.01 0.7 1.67 50.1 8.89 44.5 395 11989 2109 278 17.01 19 15 -0.01 0.8 1.61 54.7 8.92 49.3 440 11989 2178 292 17.01 19 15 -0.01 0.9 1.56 58.9 9.02 53.8 485 11989 2249 306 17.01 19 15 -0.01 1 1.51 62.4 9.18 57.5 528 11989 2325 321 17.01 14 11 -0.01 0 1.70 20.7 10.96 17.1 187 11989 2071 221 17.01 14 11 -0.01 0.1 1.68 21.6 10.69 18.3 195 11989 2087 217 17.01 19 17 -0_01 0.1 2.89 45.1 4.99 35.2 176 11989 1216 16246.99 19 17 -0_01 0.2 2.98 55.0 4.74 42.6 202 11989 1178 17246.99 19 17 -0.01 0.3 3.01 64.3 4.58 50.0 229 11989 1166 18246.99 19 17 -0.01 0.4 3.00 73.2 4.47 57.6 257 11989 1170 191 46.99 19 17 -0.01 0.5 2.97 81.8 4.4 65.2 287 11989 1184 201 46.99 19 17 -0.01 0.6 2.91 90.1 4.36 72.9 318 11989 1207 21046.99 19 17 -0.01 0.7 2.84 98.1 4.35 80.6 351 11989 1237 21946.99 19 17 -0

..01 0.8 2.76 105.9 4.37 88.5 386 11989 1274 22946.99 19 17 -0.01 0.9 2.66 113.4 4.4 96.3 424 11989 1319 23946.99 19 17 -0.01 1 2.56 120.4 4.46 104.0 464 11989 1370 24946.99 19 18 -0.01 0 1.45 19.0 11.72 18.8 220 11989 2416 184 17.01 19 18 -0.01 0.1 1.56 24.0 10.94 22.5 246 11989 2255 198 17.01 19 18 -0.01 0.2 1.62 29.0 10.34 26.5 274 11989 2175 211 17.01 19 18 -0.01 0.3 1.64 33.9 9.9 30.6 303 11989 2138 224 17.01 19 18 -0.01 0.4 1.65 38.6 9.59 34.7 333 11989 2130 238 17.01 19 18 -0.01 0.5 1.64 43.0 9.38 38.8 364 11989 2140 251 17.01 19 18 -0.01 0.6 1.62 47.3 9.24 42.8 396 11989 2163 265 17.01 19 18 -0.01 0.7 1.60 51.4 9.17 46.7 428 11989 2195 278 17.01 19 18 -0.01 0.8 1.57 55.3 9.14 50.5 461 11989 2234 292 17.01 19 18 -0.01 0.9 1.54 58.9 9.14 54.1 495 11989 22n 307 17.01 19 18 -0.01 1 1.51 62.4 9.18 57.5 528 11989 2325 321 17.01 19 11 -0.01 0 1.70 20.7 10.96 17.1 187 11989 2071 221 17.01 19 11 -0.01 0.1 1.75 24.0 10.48 19.5 204 11989 2005 229 17.01 19 11 -0.01 0.2 1.79 27.6 10.06 22.2 224 11989 1965 237 17.01 19 11

.-0.01 0.3 1.81 31.4 9.72 25.3 246 11989 1946 246 17.01 19 11 -0.01 0.4 1.81 35.4 9.45 28.6· 270 11989 1944 255 17.01 19 11 -0.01 0.5 1.79 39.5 9.24 32.3 298 11989 1959 264 17.01 19 11 -0.01 0.6 1.76 43.8 9.11 36.3 330 11989 1991 274 17.01 19 11 -0.01 0.7 1.72 48.2 9.03 40.7 368 11989 2039 285 17.01 19 11 "0.01 0.8 1.67 52.9 9.02 45.7 412 11989 2108 296 17.01 19 11 -0.01 0.9 1.60 57.6 9.06 51.2 465 11989 2201 309 17.01 19 11 -0.01 1 1.51 62.4 9.18 57.5 528 11989 2325 321 17.01 14 18 -0.01 0 1.45 19.0 11.72 18.8 220 11989 2416 184 17.01 14 18 -0.01 0.1 1.44 20.1 11.36 20.4 231 11989 2444 185 17

.01 14 18 -0.01 0.2 1.42 21.2 11.03 22.1 243 11989 2478 186 17.01 14 18 -0.01 0.3 1.39 22.3 10.72 23.9 257 11989 2521 186 17.01 14 18 -0.01 0.4 1.36 23.3 10.42 26.0 271 11989 2576 187 17.01 14 18 -0.01 0.5 1.33 24.3 10.15 28.3 287 11989 2645 187 17.01 14 18 -0.01 0.6 1.28 25.3 9.91 30.8 305 11989 2735 188 17.01 14 18 -0.01 0.7 1.23 26.1 9.7 33.5 325 11989 2856 189 17.01 14 18 -0.01 0.8 1.16 26.5 9.53 36.6 349 11989 3027 190 17.01 14 18 -0.01 0.9 1.06 26.4 9.45 40.2 380 11989 3302 191 17.01 19 17 -0.01 0 1.54 15.6 12.3 14.2 175 11989 2279 178 17.01 19 17 -0.01 0.1 1.67 20.5 11.34 17.6 199 11989 2103 193 17.01 19 17 -0.01 0.2 1.74 25.6 10.58 21.5 227 11989 2021 207 17.01 19 17 -0.01 0.3 1.n 30.6 10.01 25.6 256 11989 1988 221 17.01 19 17 -0.01 0.4 1.n 35.6 9.63 29.8 287 11989 1987 235 17.01 19 17 -0.01 0.5 1.75 40.4 9.37 34.2 321 11989 2008 249 17.01 19 17 -0.01 0.6 1.72 45.0 9.21 38.7 356 11989 2046 263 17.01 19 17 -0.01 0.7 1.67 49.6 9.12 43.3 395 11989 2098 278 17.01 19 17 -0.01 0.8 1.63 54.1 9.1 48.0 437 11989 2162 292 17.01 19 17 -0.01 0.9 1.57 58.3 9.12 52.8 481 11989 2238 307 17.01 19 17 -0.01 1 1.51 62.4 9.18 57.5 528 11989 2325 321 17.01 19 15 -0.01 0 1.40 10.6 13.04 10.1 132 11989 2517 170 17.01 19 15 -0.01 0.1 1.73 17.1 11.29 14.3 161 11989 2035 184 17.01 19 15 -0.01 0.2 1.81 23.3 10.23 19.2 196 11989 1940 202 17.01 19 15 -0.01 0.3 1.83 29.3 9.58 24.3 232 11989 1924 219 17.01 19 15 -0.01 0.4 1.81 34.8 9.21 29.3 270 11989 1946 234 17.01 19 15 -0.01 0.5 1.n 40.1 9 34.4 309 11989 1989 249 17.01 19 15 -0.01 0.6 1.72 45.2 8.9 39.4 351 11989 2045 264 17.01 19 15 -0.01 0.7 1.67 50.1 8.89 44.5 395 11989 2109 278 17.01 19 15 -0.01 0.8 1.61 54.7 8.92 49.3 440 11989 2178 292 17.01 19 15 -0.01 0.9 1.56 58.9 9.02 53.8 485 11989 2249 306 17.01 19 15 -0.01 1 1.51 62.4 9.18 57.5 5

. 28 11989 2325 321 17.01 14 11 -0.01 0 1.70 20.7 10.96 17.1 187 11989 2071 221 17.01 14 11 -0.01 0.1 1.68 21.6 10.69 18.3 195 11989 2087 217 17.0114 11 -0.01 0.2 1.67 22.5 10.44 19.6 204 11989 2110 214 17.01 14 11 -0.01 0.3 1.64 23.5 10.19 21.1 215 11989 2140 210 17.01 14 11 -0.01 0.4 1.61 24.6 9.95 22.8 227 11989 2181 206 17.01 14 11 -0.01 0.5 1.57 25.7 9.72 24.9 242 11989 2236 203 17.01 14 11 -0.01 0.6 1.52 26.8 9.51 27.3 259 11989 2314 200 17.01 14 11 -0.01 0.7 1.45 27.7 9.32 30.2 281 11989 2427 196 17.01 14 11 -0.01 0.8 1.35 28.4 9.17 33.7 309 11989 2601 193 17.01 14 11 -0.01 0.9 1.21 28.4 9.12 38.3 349 11989 2914 191 17.01 14 15 -0.01 

## a 1.40 10.6 13.04 10.1 132 11989 2517 170 17.01 14 15 -0.01 0.1 1.53 12.8 12.05 12.0 145 11989 2303 168 17.01 14 15 -0.01 0.2 1.54 15.0 11.41 14.2 162 11989 2275 172 17.01 14 15 -0.01 0.3 1.54 17.1 10.87 16.6 181 11989 2278 175 17.01 14 15 -0.01 0.4 1.52 19.3 10.4 19.3 201 11989 2308 178 17.01 14 15 -0.01 0.5 1.49 21.4 10.02 22.3 224 11989 2365 180 17.01 14 15 -0.01 0.6 1.43 23.3 9.71 25.6 249 11989 2453 182 17.01 14 15 -0.01 0.7 1.36 25.0 9.47 29.4 278 11989 2581 185 17.01 14 15 -0.01 0.8 1.27 26.3 9.31 33.6 313 11989 2m 187 17.01 14 15 -0.01 0.9 1.14 26.8 9.27 38.5 357 11989 3096 189 17.01 14 11 -0.01 0.2 1.67 22.5 10.44 19.6 204 11989 2110 214 17.01 14 11 -0.01 0.3 1.64 23.5 10.19 21.1 215 11989 2140 210 17.01 14 11 -0.01 0.4 1.61 24.6 9.95 22.8 227 11989 2181 206 17.01 14 11 -0.01 0.5 1.57 25.7 9.72 24.9 242 11989 2236 203 17.01 14 11 -0.01 0.6 1.52 26.8 9.51 27.3 259 11989 2314 200 17.01 14 11 -0.01 0.7 1.45 27.7 9.32 30.2 281 11989 2427 196 17.01 14 11 -0.01 0.8 1.35 28.4 9.17 33.7 309 11989 2601 193 17.01 14 11 -0.01 0.9 1.21 28.4 9.12 38.3 349 11989 2914 191 17.01 14 15 -0.01 0 1.40 10.6 13.04 10.1 132 11989 2517 170 17.01 14 15 -0.01 0.1 1.53 12.8 12.05 12.0 145 11989 2303 168 17.01 14 15 -0.01 0.2 1.54 15.0 11.41 14.2 162 11989 2275 172 17.01 14 15 -0.01 0.3 1.54 17.1 10.87 16.6 181 11989 2278 175 17.01 14 15 -0.01 0.4 1.52 19.3 10.4 19.3 201 11989 2308 178 17.01 14 15 -0.01 0.5 1.49 21.4 10.02 22.3 224 11989 2365 180 17.01 14 15 -0.01 0.6 1.43 23.3 9.71 25.6 249 11989 2453 182 17.01 14 15 -0.01 0.7 1.36 25.0 9.47 29.4 278 11989 2581 185 17.01 14 15 -0.01 0.8 1.27 26.3 9.31 33.6 313 11989 2m 187 17.01 14 15 -0.01 0.9 1.14 26.8 9.27 38.5 357 11989 3096 189 17.01APPENDIX#3

Thisappendixcontainaalistingoftheshortoutputfiles forallcomputerrunsconductedforternarymixtures. Therefrigerants

### arespecifiedbycodenumbers according to the following table.

R22 R142b R152a R143a R124 R125 R134 R134a R32 6 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 19 APPENDIX#3

Thisappendixcontainaalistingoftheshortoutputfilesforallcomputerrunsconductedforternarymixtures. Therefrigerants

### arespecifiedbycodenumbers according tothefollowing table.

R22 R142b R152a R143a R124 R125 R134 R134a R32 6 10 11 14 15 16 17 18 19IR1 IR2 IR3 F01 F02 F03 X1 X2 X3 COP Vol.Flow PR PSUC PDIS CAP WORK lair ft3 psia psia BlU/hrwatt F 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 1 0 3.56 40.8 3.7 48.2 177 11996 987 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.9 0.1 3.57 41.9 3.7 47.0 172 11996 984 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.8 0.2 3.58 43.1 3.7 45.7 168 11996 982 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.7 0.3 3.58 44.5 3.7 44.3 163 11996 981 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.6 0.4 3.58 46.1 3.7 42.8 158 11996 981 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.5 0.5 3.58 48.1 3.7 41.2 152 11996 983 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.4 0.6 3.56 50.4 3.7 39.4 146 11996 986 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.3 0.7 3.54 53.3 3.7 37.4 140 11996 992 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.2 0.8 3.51 56.9 3.8 35.2 133 11996 1001 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.1 0.9 3.39 61.7 3.8 32.8 126 11996 1036 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0 1 3.04 68.2 3.9 30.1 119 11996 1157 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0 0.9 3.72 44.3 3.6 44.0 160 11996 944 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.1 0.8 3.74 42.5 3.6 45.9 165 11996 939 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.2 0.7 3.75 41.0 3.6 47.5 169 11996 937 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.3 0.6 3.75 39.8 3.5 49.0 173 11996 937 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.4 0.5 3.75 38.8 3.5 50.3 178 11996 938 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.5 0.4 3.74 37.9 3.5 51.5 182 11996 941 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.6 0.3 3.72 37.1 3.5 52.5 186 11996 944 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.7 0.2 3.71 36.4 3.5 53.5 189 11996 948 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01**~0.01** 0.1 0.8 0.1 3.69 35.8 3.5 54.4 193 11996 953 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.9 0 3.67 35.3 3.6 55.3 196 11996 957 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.8 0 3.74 31.0 3.5 63.0 218 11996 940 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.7 0.1 3.76 31.2 3.4 62.6 215 11996 934 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.6 0.2 3.78 31.4 3.4 62.1 213 11996 929 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.5 0.3 3.80 31.7 3.4 61.6 211 11996 925 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 ,-0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.4 0.4 3.82 32.0 3.4 61.1 209 11996 921 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.3 0.5 3.83 32.3 3.4 60.5 206 11996 919 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.2 0.6 3.83 32.7 3.4 59.8 204 11996 918 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.1 0.7 3.83 33.2 3.4 59.1 203 11996 918 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0 0.8 3.81 33.7 3.5 58.3 201 11996 922 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0 0.7 3.82 27.9 3.3 71.8 240 11996 921 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.1 0.6 3.83 27.8 3.3 71.7 238 11996 917 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.2 0.5 3.84 27.7 3.3 71.6 238 11996 916 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.3 0.4 3.84 27.7 3.3 71.5 238 11996 916 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.4 0.3 3.83 27.6 3.3 71.4 238 11996 919 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.5 0.2 3.81 27.6 3.4 71.3 239 11996 922 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.6 0.1 3.79 27.6 3.4 71.3 240 11996 927 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.7 0 3.77 27.5 3.4 71.2 241 11996 932 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.6 0 3.78 24.7 3.3 SO.O 266 11996 931 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.5 0.1 3.79 24.6 3.3 SO.5 266 11996 927 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01

. -0.01 0.4 0.4 0.2 3.80 24.5 3.3 81.1 267 11996 924 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.3 0.3 3.81 24.4 3.3 81.9 268 11996 922 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.2 0.4 3.81 24.3 3.3 82.7 270 11996 922 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.1 0.5 3.81 24.2 3.3 83.6 272 11996 923 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0 0.6 3.79 24.1 3.3 84.6 275 11996 928 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0 0.5 3.74 21.5 3.2 96.8 310 11996 941 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.1 0.4 3.76 21.7 3.2 94.9 305 11996 936 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.2 0.3 3.77 21.9 3.2 93.2 301 11996 934 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.3 0.2 3.77 22.1 3.2 91.7 298 11996 933 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0_5 0.4 0.1 3.76 22.3 3.3 90.4 295 11996 934 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.5 0 3.75 22.4 3.3 89.2 293 11996 937 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.4 0 3.70 20.5 3.3 99.0 323 11996 949 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.3 0.1 3.71 20.3 3.2 100.9 327 11996 949 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.2 0.2 3.70 20.0 3.2 103.1 332 11996 950 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.1 0.3 3.69 19.8 3.2 105.5 338 11996 954 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0 0.4 3.66 19.5 3.2 108.3 345 11996 960 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 0 0.3 3.56 18.0 3.2 119.1 381 11996 986 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 0.1 0.2 3.60 18.3 3.2 115.5 371 11996 977 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 0.2 0.1 3.62 18.6 3.2 112.3 363 11996 971 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 0.3 0 3.63 18.8 3.2 109.5 356 11996 968 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.8 0.2 0 3.53 17.4 3.3 120.8 393 11996 996 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.8 0.1 0.1 3.50 17.1 3.2 124.6 404 11996 1005 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.8 0 0.2 3.45 16.8 3.2 129.1 417 11996 1018 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.9 0 0.1 3.34 15.9 3.3 138.0 453 11996 1053 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.9 0.1 0 3.40 16.2 3.3 132.8 437 11996 1035 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 1 0 0 3.23 15.1 3.3 145.8 488 11996 1090 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 1 0 3.56 40.8 3.7 48.2 177 11996 987 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.9 0.1 3.56 41.5 3.7 47.4 175 11996 987 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.8 0.2 3.56 42.2 3.7 46.6 172 11996 988 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.7 0.3 3.55 42.9 3.7 45.8 170 11996 989 78.8 IRl lR2 IR3 FOl F02 F03 Xl X2 X3 COP Vol.Flow PR PSUC PDIS CAP WORK lair ft3 psia psia BlU/hrwatt F 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0

.01 0 1 0 3.56 40.8 3.7 48.2 177 11996 987 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.9 0.1 3

.57 41.9 3.7 47.0 

### 1n 11996 984 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.8 0.2 3.58 43.1 3.7 45.7 168 11996 982 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.7 0.3 3.58 44.5 3.7 44.3 163 11996 981 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.6 0.4 3.58 46.1 3.7 42.8 158 11996 981 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.5 0.5 3.58 48.1 3.7 41.2 152 11996 983 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.4 0.6 3.56 50.4 3.7 39.4 146 11996 986 18.8 19 11 15 -0

.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.3 0.7 3.54 53.3 3.7 37.4 140 11996 992 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.2 0.8 3.51 56.9 3.8 35.2 133 11996 1001 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.1 0.9 3.39 61.7 3.8 32.8 126 11996 1036 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0 1 3.04 68.2 3.9 30.1 119 11996 1157 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0 0.9 

## 3.n 44.3 3.6 44.0 160 11996 944 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.1 0.8 3.74 42.5 3.6 45.9 165 11996 939 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.2 0.7 3.75 41.0 3.6 47.5 169 11996 937 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.3 0.6 3.75 39.8 3.5 49.0 173 11996 937 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.4 0.5 3.75 38.8 3.5 50.3 178 11996 938 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.5 0.4 3.74 37.9 3.5 51.5 182 11996 941 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.6 0.3 3.72 37.1 3.5 52.5 186 11996 944 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.7 0.2 3.71 36.4 3.5 53.5 189 11996 948 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01**~0.01** 0.1 0.8 0.1 3.69 35.8 3.5 54.4 193 11996 953 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.9 0 3.67 35.3 3.6 55.3 196 11996 957 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0

.8 0 3.74 31.0 3.5 63.0 218 11996 940 78

.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01

-0.01 0.2 0.7 0.1 3.76 31.2 3.4 62.6 215 11996 934 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.6 0.2 3.78 31.4 3.4 62.1 213 11996 929 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.5 0.3 3.80 31.7 3.4 61.6 211 11996 925 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 ,-0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.4 0.4 3.82 32.0 3.4 61.1 209 11996 921 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.3 0.5 3.83 32.3 3.4 60.5 206 11996 919 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0

.01 0.2 0.2 0.6 3.83 32.7 3.4 59.8 204 11996 918 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.1 0.7 3.83 33.2 3.4 59.1 203 11996 918 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0 0.8 3.81 33.7 3.5 58.3 201 11996 922 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0 0.7 3.82 27.9 3.3 71.8 240 11996 921 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.1 0.6 3.83 27.8 3.3 71.7 238 11996 917 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.2 0.5 3.84 27.7 3.3 71.6 238 11996 916 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01

-0.01 0_3 0.3 0.4 3.84 27.7 3.3 71.5 238 11996 916 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.4 0.3 3.83 27.6 3.3 71.4 238 11996 919 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.5 0.2 3.81 27.6 3.4 71.3 239 11996 922 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.6 0.1 3.79 27.6 3.4 71.3 240 11996 927 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.7 0 3.77 27.5 3.4 71.2 241 11996 932 18

.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.6 0 3.78 24.7 3.3 SO.O 266 11996 931 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.5 0.1 3.79 24.6 3.3 SO.5 266 11996 927 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01

. -0.01 0.4 0.4 0.2 3.80 24.5 3.3 81.1 267 11996 924 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0_4 0.3 0.3 3.81 24.4 3.3 81.9 268 11996 922 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.2 0.4 3.81 24.3 3.3 82.7 270 11996 922 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0_4 0.1 0.5 3.81 24.2 3.3 83.6 272 11996 923 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0 0.6 3.79 24.1 3.3 84.6 275 11996 928 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0 0.5 3.74 21.5 3.2 96.8 310 11996 941 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.1 0.4 3.76 21.7 3.2 94

.9 305 11996 936 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.2 0.3 3.77 21.9 3.2 93.2 301 11996 934 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0

.01

-0.01 0.5 0.3 0.2 3.77 22.1 3.2 91.7 298 11996 933 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0_5 0.4 0.1 3.76 22.3 3.3 90.4 295 11996 934 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0

.01 0_5 0.5 0 3.75 22.4 3.3 89.2 293 11996 937 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.4 0 3.70 20.5 3.3 99.0 323 11996 949 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.3 0.1 3

.71 20.3 3.2 100.9 327 11996 949 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0_6 0.2 0.2 3.70 20.0 3.2 103.1 332 11996 950 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.1 0.3 3

.69 19.8 3.2 105.5 338 11996 954 18

.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0 0.4 3.66 19.5 3

.2 108.3 345 11996 960 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 0 0.3 3.56 18.0 3.2 119.1 381 11996 986 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 0.1 0.2 3.60 18.3 3.2 115.5 371 11996 977 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 0.2 0.1 3.62 18.6 3.2 112.3 363 11996 971 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 0.3 0 3.63 18.8 3.2 109.5 356 11996 968 18.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.8 0.2 0 3.53 17.4 3.3 120.8 393 11996 996 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01

-0.01 0.8 0.1 0.1 3.50 17.1 3.2 124.6 404 11996 1005 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.8 0 0.2 3

.45 16.8 3.2 129.1 417 11996 1018 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.9 0 0.1 3.34 15.9 3.3 138.0 453 11996 1053 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.9 0.1 0 3.40 16.2 3.3 132.8 437 11996 1035 78.8 19 11 15 -0.01 -0.01

-0.01 1 0 0 3.23 15.1 3.3 145.8 488 11996 1090 18.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01

-0.01 0 1 0 3.56 40.8 3.7 48.2 177 11996 987 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.9 0.1 3.56 41.5 3.7 47.4 175 11996 987 18.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01

-0.01 0 0.8 0.2 3.56 42.2 3.7 46.6 

## 1n 11996 988 18.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.7 0.3 3.55 42.9 3.7 45.8 170 11996 989 18.819 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.6 0.4 3.54 43.7 3.7 45.0 168 11996 992 78.8 19 11 17 '0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.5 0.5 3.53 44.5 3.8 44.3 166 11996 99S 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.4 0.6 3.52 45.3 3.8 43.6 165 11996 998 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.3 0.7 3.50 46.2 3.8 43.0 163 11996 1003 78.8 19 11 17 '0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.2 0.8 3.49 47.0 3.8 42.5 162 11996 1008 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.1 0.9 3.46 47.8 3.8 42.0 161 11996 1015 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0 1 3.44 48.6 3.8 41.7 160 11996 1023 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0 0.9 3.64 37.9 3.6 52.3 191 11996 967 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.1 0.8 3.65 37.7 3.6 52.2 190 11996 962 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.2 0.7 3.67 37.5 3.6 52.3 189 11996 959 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.3 0.6 3.68 37.2 3.6 52.5 190 11996 956 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.4 0.5 3.68 36.9 3.6 52.8 190 11996 955 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.5 0.4 3.68 36.6 3.6 53.2 191 11996 954 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.6 0.3 3.68 36.3 3.6 53.7 192 11096 954 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.7 0.2 3.68 36.0 3.6 54.2 193 11996 955 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.8 0.1 3.68 35.6 3.6 54.7 195 11996 956 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.9 0 3.67 35.3 3.6 55.3 196 11996 957 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.8 0 3.74 31.0 3.5 63.0 218 11996 940 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.7 0.1 3.75 31.1 3.5 62.7 217 11996 938 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.6 0.2 3.76 31.2 3.5 62.5 217 11996 936 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.5 0.3 3.76 31.3 3.5 62.3 216 11996 935 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.4 0.4 3.76 31.3 3.5 62.2 216 11996 934 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.3 0.5 3.76 31.4 3.5 62.2 217 11996 934 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.2 0.6 3.76 31.4 3.5 62.4 218 11996 935 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.1 0.7 3.75 31.3 3.5 62.7 219 11996 938 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0 0.8 3.73 31.2 3.5 63.3 222 11996 941 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0 0.7 

## 3.n 26.8 3.4 74.3 252 11996 933 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.1 0.6 3.78 27.0 3.4 73.3 249 11996 930 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.2 0.5 3.79 27.2 3.4 72.5 246 11996 928 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.3 0.4 3.79 27.3 3.4 72.0 244 11996 927 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.4 0.3 3.79 27.4 3.4 71.6 243 11996 927 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.5 0.2 3.79 27.5 3.4 71.4 242 11996 928 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.6 0.1 3.78 27.5 3.4 71.2 241 11996 929 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.7 0 

## 3.n 27.5 3.4 71.2 241 11996 932 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.6 0 3.78 24.7 3.3 80.0 266 11996 931 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.5 0.1 3.78 24.6 3.3 80.3 267 11996 929 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.4 0.2 3.79 24.5 3.3 80.9 269 11996 928 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.3 0.3 3.79 24.3 3.3 81.6 271 11996 928 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.2 0.4 3.78 24.2 3.3 82.5 274 11996 929 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.1 0.5 

## 3.n 24.0 3.3 83.6 278 11996 932 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0 0.6 3.76 23.7 3.3 85.1 283 11996 936 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0 0.5 3.72 21.4 3.3 95.7 314 11996 946 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.1 0.4 3.74 21.6 3.3 93.8 308 11996 941 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.2 0.3 3.75 21.9 3.3 92.2 303 11996 938 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.3 0.2 3.76 22.1 3.3 91.0 299 11996 936 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.4 0.1 3.76 22.3 3.3 90.0 296 11996 936 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.5 0 3.75 22.4 3.3 89.2 293 11996 937 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.4 0 3.70 20.5 3.3 99.0 323 11996 949 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.3 0.1 3.70 20.3 3.3 100.3 327 11996 949 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.2 0.2 3.69 20.1 3.3 101.9 332 11996 952 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.1 0.3 3.68 19.8 3.3 103.8 338 11996 956 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0 0.4 3.65 19.6 3.3 106.2 346 11996 962 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 0 0.3 3.57 18.1 3.3 116.4 379 11996 985 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 0.1 0.2 3.60 18.4 3.3 113.7 370 11996 976 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 0.2 0.1 3.62 18.6 3.2 111.4 362 11996 971 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 0.3 0 3.63 18.8 3.2 109.5 356 11996 968 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.8 0.2 0 3.53 17.4 3.3 120.8 393 11996 996 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.8 0.1 0.1 3.51 17.2 3.3 123.4 402 11996 1003 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.8 0 0.2 3.47 16.9 3.3 126.5 414 11996 1013 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.9 0 0.1 3.35 15.9 3.3 136.3 450 11996 1049 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.9 0.1 0 3.40 16.2 3.3 132.8 437 11996 1035 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 1 0 0 3.23 15.1 3.3 145.8 488 11996 1090 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 1 0 3.56 40.8 3.7 48.2 177 11996 987 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.9 0.1 3.55 40.9 3.7 48.2 

## 1n 11996 990 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.8 0.2 3.54 41.0 3.7 48.3 178 11996 993 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.7 0.3 3.53 41.1 3.7 48.5 179 11996 997 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.6 0.4 3.51 41.1 3.7 48.7 180 11996 1002 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.5 0.5 3.49 41.1 3.7 49.1 182 11996 1007 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.4 0.6 3.47 41.1 3.7 49.6 184 11996 1013 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.3 0.7 3.45 40.9 3.7 50.2 186 11996 1020 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0;01 0 0.2 0.8 3.42 40.8 3.7 51.0 190 11996 1029 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0.1 0.9 3.38 40.5 3.7 52.1 194 11996 1041 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 

## a 0.6 0.4 3.54 43.7 3.7 45.0 168 11996 992 78.8 19 11 17 '0.01 -0.01 -0.01 

## a 0.5 0.5 3.53 44.5 3.8 44.3 166 11996 99S 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 

## a 0.4 0.6 3.52 45.3 3.8 43.6 165 11996 998 78.8 19 11 17 '0.01 -0.01 -0.01 

## a 0.3 0.7 3.50 46.2 3.8 43.0 163 11996 1003 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 

## a 0.2 0.8 3.49 47.0 3.8 42.5 162 11996 1008 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 

## a 0.1 0.9 3.46 47.8 3.8 42.0 161 11996 1015 78.8 19 11 17 '0.01 -0.01 -0.01 

## a a 1 3.44 48.6 3.8 41.7 160 11996 1023 ·78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0 0.9 3.64 37.9 3.6 52.3 191 11996 967 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.1 0.8 3.65 37.7 3.6 52.2 190 11996 962 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0

.2 0.7 3.67 37.5 3.6 52.3 189 11996 959 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.3 0.6 3.68 37.2 3.6 52.5 190 11996 956 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0

.4 0.5 3.68 36.9 3.6 52.8 190 11996 955 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.5 0.4 3.68 36.6 3.6 53.2 191 11996 954 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0

.6 0.3 3.68 36.3 3.6 53.7 192 11W6 954 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.7 0.2 3.68 36

.0 3.6 54.2 193 11996 955 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.8 0.1 3.68 35.6 3.6 54.7 195 11996 956 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.9 

## a 3.67 35.3 3.6 55.3 196 11996 957 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.8 

## a 3.74 31.0 3.5 63.0 218 11996 940 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.7 0.1 3.75 31.1 3.5 62.7 217 11996 938 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.6 0.2 3.76 31.2 3_5 62.5 217 11996 936 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.5 0.3 3.76 31.3 3.5 62.3 216 11996 935 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.4 0.4 3.76 31.3 3.5 62.2 216 11996 934 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.3 0.5 3.76 31.4 3.5 62.2 217 11996 934 78

.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.2 0.6 3.76 31.4 3.5 62.4 218 11996 935 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.1 0.7 3.75 31.3 3.5 62.7 219 11996 938 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 

## a 0.8 3.73 31.2 3.5 63.3 222 11996 941 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 

## a 0.7 3

.n 26.8 3.4 74.3 252 11996 933 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.1 0.6 3.78 27.0 3.4 73.3 249 11996 930 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.2 0.5 3.79 27.2 3.4 72.5 246 11996 928 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.3 0.4 3

.79 27.3 3.4 72.0 244 11996 927 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.4 0.3 3.79 27.4 3.4 71.6 243 11996 927 78_8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.5 0.2 3.79 27.5 3.4 71.4 242 11996 928 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.6 0.1 3.78 27.5 3.4 71.2 241 11996 929 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.7 0 3.n 27.5 3.4 71.2 241 11996 932 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.6 

## a 3.78 24.7 3.3 80.0 266 11996 931 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.5 0.1 3.78 24.6 3.3 80.3 267 11996 929 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.4 0.2 3.79 24.5 3.3 80.9 269 11996 928 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.3 0.3 3.79 24.3 3.3 81.6 271 11996 928 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.2 0.4 3.78 24.2 3.3 82.5 274 11996 929 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0

.1 0.5 3.n 24.0 3.3 83.6 278 11996 932 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 

## a 0.6 3.76 23.7 3.3 85.1 283 11996 936 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 

## a 0.5 3.72 21.4 3.3 95.7 314 11996 946 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.1 0.4 3.74 21.6 3.3 93.8 308 11996 941 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 '0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.2 0.3 3.75 21.9 3.3 92.2 303 11996 938 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.3 0.2 3.76 22.1 3.3 91.0 299 11996 936 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.4 0.1 3.76 22.3 3.3 90.0 296 11996 936 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.5 

## a 3.75 22.4 3.3 89.2 293 11996 937 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.4 

## a 3.70 20.5 3.3 99.0 323 11996 949 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.3 0.1 3.70 20.3 3.3 100.3 327 11996 949 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.2 0.2 3.69 20.1 3.3 101.9 332 11996 952 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.1 0.3 3.68 19.8 3.3103.8 338 11996 956 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 

## a 0.4 3.65 19.6 3.3 106.2 346 11996 962 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 

## a 0.3 3.57 18.1 3.3 116.4 379 11996 985 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 0.1 0.2 3.60 18.4 3.3 113.7 370 11996 976 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01

-0.01 -0.01 0.7 0.2 0.1 3.62 18.6 3.2 111.4 362 11996 971 78.8 19 11 17 '0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 0.3 0 3.63 18.8 3.2 109.5 356 11996 968 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.8 0.2 

## a 3.53 17.4 3.3 120.8 393 11996 996 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.8 0.1 0.1 3.51 17.2 3.3 123.4 402 11996 1003 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.8 

## a 0.2 3.47 16.9 3.3 126.5 414 11996 1013 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.9 

## a 0.1 3.35 15.9 3.3 136.3 450 11996 1049 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.9 0.1 

## a 3.40 16.2 3.3 132.8 437 11996 1035 78.8 19 11 17 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 1 

## a a 3.23 15.1 3.3 145.8 488 11996 1090 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 

## a 1 0 3.56 40.8 3.7 48.2 177 11996 987 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 

## a 0.9 0.1 3.55 40.9 3.7 48.2 1n 11996 990 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 

## a 0.8 0.2 3.54 41.0 3.7 48.3 178 11996 993 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 

## a 0.7 0.3 3.53 41.1 3.7 48.5 179 11996 997 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 

## a 0.6 0.4 3.51 41.1 3.7 48.7 180 11996 1002 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 

## a 0.5 0.5 3.49 41.1 3.7 49.1 182 11996 1007 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 

## a 0.4 0.6 3.47 41.1 3.7 49.6 184 11996 1013 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 

## a 0.3 0.7 3.45 40.9 3.7 50.2 186 11996 1020 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01**-0~01** 

## a 0.2 0.8 3.42 40.8 3.7 51.0 190 11996 1029 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 

## a 0.1 0.9 3.38 40.5 3.7 52.1 194 11996 1041 78

.819 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0 1 3.33 40.2 3.7 53.5 199 11996 1056 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 ·0.01 0.1 0 0.9 3.47 32.9 3.6 64.3 230 11996 1012 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.1 0.8 3.52 33.3 3.6 62.2 222 11996 997 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.2 0.7 3.56 33.7 3.6 60.6 216 11996 987 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.3 0.6 3.59 34.1 3.6 59.3 212 11996 979 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.4 0.5 3.61 34.4 3.6 58.3 208 11996 973 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.5 0.4 3.63 34.7 3.6 57.4 205 11996 969 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.6 0.3 3.64 34.9 3.6 56.7 202 11996 965 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.7 0.2 3.65 35.0 3.6 56.1 200 11996 962 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.8 0.1 3.66 35.2 3.6 55.7 198 11996 959 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.9 0 3.67 35.3 3.6 55.3 196 11996 957 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.8 0 3.74 31.0 3.5 63.0 218 11996 940 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.7 0.1 3.73 30.7 3.5 63.8 221 11996 942 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.6 0.2 3.72 30.5 3.5 64.7 224 11996 944 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.5 0.3 3.71 30.1 3.5 65.7 227 11996 948 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.4 0.4 3.69 29.8 3.5 67.0 232 11996 952 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.3 0.5 3.67 29.4 3.5 68.5 237 11996 958 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.2 0.6 3.64 29.0 3.5 70.3 243 11996 965 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.1 0.7 3.60 28.5 3.5 72.4 250 11996 976 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0 0.8 3.55 28.0 3.5 75.1 260 11996 990 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0 0.7 3.58 24.7 3.4 85.5 289 11996 983 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.1 0.6 3.63 25.2 3.4 82.3 278 11996 968 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.2. 0.5 3.68 25.6 3.4 79.6 269 11996 956 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.3 0.4 3.71 26.1 3.4 77.4 261 11996 948 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.4 0.3 3.73 26.5 3.4 75.5 255 11996 942 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.5 0.2 3.75 26.9 3.4 73.8 250 11996 938 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.6 0.1 3.76 27.2 3.4 72.4 245 11996 934 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.7 0 3.77 27.5 3.4 71.2 241 11996 932 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.6 0 3.78 24.7 3.3 80.0 266 11996 931 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.5 0.1 3.76 24.4 3.3 81.7 272 11996 935 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.4 0.2 3.74 24.0 3.3 83.6 278 11996 940 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.3 0.3 3.71 23.6 3.3 85.9 286 11996 946 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.2 0.4 3.68 23.1 3.3 88.6 294 11996 956 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.1 0.5 3.63 22.7 3.3 91.8 305 11996 968 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0 0.6 3.57 22.2 3.3 95.6 318 11996 985 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0 0.5 3.54 20.3 3.3 105.1 347 11996 994 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.1 0.4 3.61 20.8 3.3 100.8 332 11996 974 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.2 0.3 3.66 21.2 3.3 97.2 320 11996 960 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.3 0.2 3.70 21.6 3.3 94.2 309 11996 950 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.4 0.1 3.73 22.1 3.3 91.5 .301 11996 942 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.5 0 3.75 22.4 3.3 89.2 293 11996 937 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.4 0 3.70 20.5 3.3 99.0 323 11996 949 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.3 0.1 3.67 20.1 3.3 102.0 333 11996 957 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.2 0.2 3.63 19.7 3.3 105.4 344 11996 969 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.1 0.3 3.57 19.3 3.3 109.5 358 11996 985 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0 0.4 3.49 18.9 3.3 114.2 375 11996 1007 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 0 0.3 3.43 17.7 3.3 122.8 404 11996 1024 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 0.1 0.2 3.52 18.1 3.3 117.7 385 11996 999 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 0.2 0.1 3.58 18.4 3.3 113.3 369 11996 981 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 0.3 0 3.63 18.8 3.2 109.5 356 11996 968 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.8 0.2 0 3.53 17.4 3.3 120.8 393 11996 996 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.8 0.1 0.1 3.46 17.0 3.3 125.5 411 11996 1016 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.8 0 0.2 3.37 16.7 3.3 131.0 432 11996 1044 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.9 0 0.1 3.30 15.8 3.3 138.7 460 11996 1066 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.9 0.1 0 3.40 16.2 3.3 132.8 437 11996 1035 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 1 0 0 3.23 15.1 3.3 145.8 488 11996 1090 78.8**~u.s.** Government Printing Office : 1992

- 312-014/40059 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0 0 1 3.33 40.2 3.7 53.5 199 11996 1056 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01

-0.01 -0.01 0.1 0 0.9 3.47 32.9 3.6 64.3 230 11996 1012 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.1 0.8 3.52 33.3 3.6 62.2 222 11996 997 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.2 0.7 3.56 33.7 3.6 60.6 216 11996 987 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.3 0.6 3.59 34.1 3.6 59.3 212 11996 979 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.4 0.5 3.61 34.4 3.6 58.3 208 11996 973 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.5 0.4 3.63 34.7 3.6 57.4 205 11996 969 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.6 0.3 3.64 34.9 3.6 56.7 202 11996 965 78.8 19 11 18 -0

.01 -0.01 -0

.01 0.1 0.7 0.2 3.65 35.0 3.6 56.1 200 11996 962 78.8 19 11 18 -0

.01 -0.01 -0

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.2 3.6 55.7 198 11996 959 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.1 0.9 0 3.67 35.3 3

.6 55

.3 196 11996 957 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.8 0 3.74 31.0 3.5 63.0 218 11996 940 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01

-0.01 0.2 0.7 0.1 3.73 30.7 3.5 63.8 221 11996 942 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.6 0.2 3.n 30

.5 3.5 64.7 224 11996 944 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.5 0.3 3.71 30.1 3.5 65.7 227 11996 948 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.4 0.4 3.69 29.8 3.5 67.0 232 11996 952 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.3 0.5 3.67 29.4 3.5 68.5 237 11996 958 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.2 0.6 3.64 29.0 3.5 70.3 243 11996 965 78

.8 19 11 18

-0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.2 0.1 0.7 3.60 28.5 3.5 72.4 250 11996 976 78

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-0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0 0.7 3.58 24.7 3.4 85.5 289 11996 983 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.1 0.6 3.63 25.2 3.4 82.3 278 11996 968 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 ·0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.2 0.5 3.68 25.6 3.4 79.6 269 11996 956 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01

-0.01 0.3 0.3 0.4 3.71 26.1 3.4 77.4 261 11996 948 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.4 0.3 3.73 26.5 3.4 75.5 255 11996 942 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.5 0.2 3.75 26.9 3.4 73.8 250 11996 938 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.3 0.6 0.1 3.76 27.2 3.4 72.4 245 11996 934 78.8 19 11 18

-0.01 -0.01

-0.01 0.3 0.7 0 3.77 27.5 3.4 71.2 241 11996 932 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.6 0 3.78 24.7 3.3 80.0 266 11996 931 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.5 0.1 3.76 24.4 3.3 81.7 272 11996 935 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.4 0.2 3.74 24.0 3.3 83.6 278 11996 940 78.8 19 11 18

-0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.3 0.3 3.71 23.6 3.3 85.9 286 11996 946 78.8 19 11 18

-0.01 -0.01

-0.01 0.4 0.2 0.4 3.68 23.1 3.3 88.6 294 11996 956 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.4 0.1 0.5 3.63 22.7 3.3 91.8 305 11996 968 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01

-0.01 0.4 0 0.6 3.57 22.2 3.3 95.6 318 11996 985 78.8 19 11 18

-0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0 0.5 3.54 20.3 3.3 105.1 347 11996 994 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.1 0.4 3.61 20.8 3.3 100.8 332 11996 974 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.2 0.3 3.66 21.2 3.3 97.2 320 11996 960 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.5 0.3 0.2 3.70 21.6 3.3 94.2 309 11996 950 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01

-0.01 0.5 0.4 0.1 3.73 22.1 3.3 91.5

. 301 11996 942 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01

-0.01 0.5 0.5 0 3.75 22.4 3.3 89.2 293 11996 937 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.4 0 3.70 20.5 3.3 99.0 323 11996 949 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.3 0.1 3.67 20.1 3.3 102.0 333 11996 957 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.2 0.2 3.63 19.7 3.3 105.4 344 11996 969 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0.1 0.3 3.57 19.3 3.3 109.5 358 11996 985 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.6 0 0.4 3.49 18.9 3.3 114.2 375 11996 1007 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 0 0.3 3.43 17.7 3.3 122.8 404 11996 1024 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 0.1 0.2 3.52 18.1 3.3 117.7 385 11996 999 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0

.7 0

.2 0.1 3.58 18.4 3.3 113.3 369 11996 981 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.7 0.3 0 3.63 18.8 3.2 109.5 356 11996 968 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.8 0.2 0 3.53 17.4 3.3 120.8 393 11996 996 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.8 0.1 0.1 3.46 17.0 3.3 125.5 411 11996 1016 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.8 0 0.2 3.37 16.7 3.3 131.0 432 11996 1044 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.9 0 0.1 3.30 15.8 3.3 138.7 460 11996 1066 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.9 0.1 0 3.40 16.2 3.3 132.8 437 11996 1035 78.8 19 11 18 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 1 0 0 3.23 15.1 3.3 145.8 488 11996 1090 78

.8**~u.s.** Government PrintingOffice : 1992

- 312-014/40059