NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 232

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

Volume 232

BOREAS TGB-5 Fire History of

Manitoba 1980 to 1991 in Vector Format

Brian J. Stocks, Canadian Forest Service-Ontario Region, Sault Ste. Marie

Richard Zepp, U.S. Environmental Protection Service, Athens, Georgia

David Knapp, Raytheon ITSS, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000

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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 232

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

Volume 232

BOREAS TGB-5 Fire History of

Manitoba 1980 to 1991 in Vector Format

Brian J. Stocks, Canadian Forest Service-Ontario Region, Sault Ste. Marie

Richard Zepp, U.S. Environmental Protection Service, Athens, Georgia

David Knapp, Raytheon ITSS, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS TGB-5 Fire History of Manitoba 1980 to 1991 in Vector

Format

Brian J. Stocks, Richard G. Zepp, David Knapp

Summary

The BOREAS TGB-5 team collected several data sets related to the effects of fire on the exchange of

trace gases between the surface and the atmosphere. This vector format data set covers the province of

Manitoba between 1980 and 1991 and was produced by Forestry Canada from hand-drawn boundaries

of fires on photocopies of 1:250,000 scale maps. The locational accuracy of the data is considered fair

to poor. When the locations of some fire boundaries were compared to Landsat TM images, they were

found to be off by as much as a few kilometers.

Note that some of the data set files on the BOREAS CD-ROMs have been compressed using the

Gzip program. See Section 8.2 for details.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TGB-05 Fire History of Manitoba 1980 to 1991 in Vector Format

1.2 Data Set Introduction

This data set covers the province of Manitoba and was produced by Forestry Canada from

hand-drawn boundaries of fires on photocopies of 1:250,000-scale maps. The locational accuracy of

these data is considered fair to poor. When the locations of some fire boundaries were compared to

Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) images, they were found to be off by as much as a few kilometers.

This problem should be kept in mind when using these data.

Page 1
1.3 Objective/Purpose

These data are provided as part of the BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Trace

Gas Biogeochemistry (TGB)-05 team data collection activities. The objective of collecting these data

was to give BOREAS investigators a product showing the spatial distribution of fires in the province

of Manitoba.

1.4 Summary of Parameters

This data set provides information indicating whether or not a given area had a fire in a specific

year.

1.5 Discussion

Some investigators who have been using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)

imagery have found these data useful because they are on a scale that is suitable for 1,000-m x

1,000-m AVHRR pixels. This product is useful as a ground truth for comparing to image

classifications from AVHRR imagery. However, because the location of fire polygons may be off by

as much as a few kilometers, care should be taken when determining fire locations. This data set is the

original vector data submitted by Forestry Canada. It was delivered as ARC/INFO Export files of

polygons that identify fires from 1980 to 1991 (inclusive).

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS TGB-05 Fire History of Manitoba 1980 to 1991 in Raster Format

SERM Forest Fire Chronology of Saskatchewan in Vector Format

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

Brian J. Stocks

Richard G. Zepp

2.2 Title of Investigation

Trace Gas Exchange in the Boreal Forest Biome: Effects of Fire and Beaver Activity

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Brian J. Stocks

Canadian Forest Service-Ontario Region

Great Lakes Forestry Centre

1219 Queen St. East

Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7

(705) 949-9461

(705) 759-5700 FAX

stocks@ fcor.glfc.forestry.ca

Contact 2:

Richard G. Zepp

Environmental Protection Agency

Environmental Research Laboratory

College Station Road

Athens, GA 30613

Page 2
Contact 3:

David Knapp

Raytheon ITSS

NASA GSFC

Code 923

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-1424

(301) 286-0239 FAX

David.Knapp@ gsfc.nasa.gov

3. Theory of Measurements

As stated above, this product was created for BOREAS investigators who are interested in the fire

history of this area. It could be used for ground truth of satellite image classifications and to get an

estimate of the amount of burned area. The way in which these data were collected will have little to no

impact on the theory behind the way they are being used, especially because these data are very simple

and easy to understand. No information with regard to the intensity of the burn is identified in this data

base. Only the presence or absence of a fire is given for each year.

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

This vector format data set was produced by Forestry Canada from hand-drawn boundaries of fires

on photocopies of 1:250,000 scale maps. Apparently, the fires were mapped based on observation

from the air.

4.1.1 Collection Environment

Unknown.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

Unknown.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

Unknown.

4.1.4 Key Variables

Presence or absence of fire in a particular year.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

Unknown.

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

Unknown.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

Unknown.

4.2 Calibration.

Not applicable

Page 3
4.2.1 Specifications

Unknown.

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

Not applicable.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

Not applicable.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

Not applicable.

5. Data Acquisition Methods

Forestry Canada compiled these data from maps of fires in the province of Manitoba. Apparently, the

fires were mapped based on observation from the air. These fire polygons were hand traced onto

photocopies of 1:250,000-scale maps. The fire data were then compiled by year and hand digitized into

ARC/INFO polygon coverages.

6. Observations

6.1 Data Notes

These data simply contain information that indicates whether a fire occurred at a particular location

in a given year.

6.2 Field Notes

There is no record of observations except for the actual data.

7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

The data for Manitoba cover the entire province with the following approximate North American

Datum of 1983 (NAD83) comer coordinates:

Longitude Latitude

Northwest 89.000W 60.000N

Northeast 102.000W 60.000N

Southeast 89.000W 49.000N

Southwest 102.000W 49.000N

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not available.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

Based on the original mapping specifications, use of these data at a spatial resolution of 1,000

meters is recommended.

Page 4
7.1.4 Projection

The area mapped is projected in the Platte Carre projection, which is really not a projection at all.

The coordinates are longitudes and latitudes expressed in decimal degrees.

7.1.5 Grid Description

Not applicable to vector data.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

Each ARC/INFO EXPORT file contains the polygons of fires that occurred during that year. The

years between 1980 and 1991 (inclusive) are in this data set.

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

This data set covers the period between 1980 and 1991 (inclusive).

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

Not available.

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

The temporal resolution of this data set is 1 year.

7.3 Data Characteristics

7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

Overall, these data simply indicate the presence or absence of a fire in a particular year over a

particular area. The following columns exist in each of the coverages' polygon attribute table:

Column Name

AREA

PERIMETER

coy#

COV-ID

YEAR

MONTH

DAY

FIRENUM

AREAC

AREAB

FIRENUMB

Although the MONTH and DAY columns are listed, the information is blank. Although there are

identifying numbers (i.e., FIRENUM and FIRENUMB), they are not useful in terms of finding

additional information about a particular fire.

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The occurrence of a fire in a given year.

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

Unitless but coded value.

7.3.4 Data Source

Forestry Canada

Page 5
7.3.5 Data Range

Zero to one.

7.4 Sample Data Record

Not applicable.

8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest amount of obtainable data is the entire data set containing all of the vector layers and

any supporting files.

8.2 Data Format(s)

8.2.1 Uncompressed Data Files

The Manitoba fire history data set consists of 1 tar file (created from the UNIX "tar" command)

that contains a set of 13 files. The tar file contains:

File Name

-rw-r--r-- 11624/120 356 Apr 24 16:57 1995 README

-rw-r--r-- 11624/120 94993 Feb i0 13:26 1995 temp80

-rw-r--r-- 11624/120 156791 Feb i0 13:26 1995 temp81

-rw-r--r-- 11624/120 21017 Feb i0 13:26 1995 temp82

-rw-r--r-- 11624/120 4223 Feb i0 13:26 1995 temp83

-rw-r--r-- 11624/120 22673 Feb i0 13:26 1995 temp84

-rw-r--r-- 11624/120 70623 Feb i0 13:26 1995 temp85

-rw-r--r-- 11624/120 5650 Feb i0 13:26 1995 temp86

-rw-r--r-- 11624/120 42698 Feb i0 13:26 1995 temp87

-rw-r--r-- 11624/120 81117 Feb i0 13:26 1995 temp88

-rw-r--r-- 11624/120 1449253 May 28 11:54 1996 temp89

-rw-r--r-- 11624/120 11339 Feb i0 13:26 1995 temp90

-rw-r--r-- 11624/120 39532 Feb i0 13:26 1995 temp91

TXT

e00

e00

e00

e00

e00

e00

e00

e00

e00

e00

e00

e00

Except for the README.TXT file, the files are ARC/INFO EXPORT files.

8.2.2 Compressed CD-ROM Files

On the BOREAS CD-ROMs, the single tar file has been compressed with the Gzip compression

program (file name *.gz). These data have been compressed using gzip version 1.2.4 and the high

compression (-9) option (Copyright (C) 1992-1993 Jean-loup Gailly). Gzip (GNU zip) uses the

Lempel-Ziv algorithm (Welch, 1994) used in the zip and PKZIP programs. The compressed files may

be uncompressed using gzip (-d option) or gunzip. Gzip is available from many Web sites (for

example, ftp site prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/gzip-*.*) for a variety of operating systems in both

executable and source code form. Versions of the decompression software for various systems are

included on the CD-ROMs.

Page 6
9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

No manipulations were made by BOREAS Information System (BORIS) staff; these data remain in

their original form as they were submitted to BORIS.

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

None.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

9.2.1 Processing Steps

BORIS staff copied and compressed the file for release on CD-ROM.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None.

9.3 Calculations

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

None.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

None.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

Potential sources of error in the original data set could be interpretation or digitizing error. As

indicated above, the data were hand traced onto photocopied maps based on air observations. No

precision mapping of the fire boundaries was done.

10.2 Quality Assessment

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

Unknown.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

The accuracy of the gridding procedure is high. Some consideration should be given to the scale of

the original data and data gathering procedures and how they are reflected in this data set. As indicated,

the locational accuracy of these data is questionable. The location of the fire boundaries could be off by

as much as a few kilometers. This problem should be kept in mind when using these data.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

Unknown.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

Unknown.

Page 7
10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

The only check on the data included visual inspection to ensure that the data could be read properly

and included polygon boundaries. Some of the vector layers were compared to TM imagery of the

study area. This comparison indicated that there is a discrepancy between the location of the polygons

and the fires as depicted in the Landsat TM scene, which is precision corrected with Global Positioning

System (GPS) and 1:50,000-scale maps. These fire history data were determined to have a locational

error as high as a few kilometers.

11. Notes

11.1 Limitations of the Data

The precision and accuracy of this data set puts some limitations on its use. It should not be used

for comparison to mapping products derived from high-resolution imagery (e.g., air photos). Care

should be taken when using it with Landsat TM or other high-spatial-resolution imagery.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

As indicated above, the locational accuracy of these data is suspect because of the way in which the

data were collected (see Sections 5, 10.2.1, and 10.2.2).

11.3 Usage Guidance

Before uncompressing the Gzip files on CD-ROM, be sure that you have enough disk space to

hold the uncompressed data files. Then use the appropriate decompression program provided on the

CD-ROM for your specific system.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None.

12. Application of the Data Set

Some investigators who have been using AVHRR data have found these data useful because they are

on a scale that is suitable for 1-kin by 1-kin AVHRR pixels. This product would be useful as ground

truth for comparing to image classifications from AVHRR imagery.

None.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

14. Software

14.1 Software Description

BORIS personnel used the ARC/INFO (Version 7) software and related tools to import and view

the original vector data. The ARC/INFO software is a proprietary package developed and distributed

by Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI). Gzip (GNU zip) uses the Lempel-Ziv

algorithm (Welch, 1994) used in the zip and PKZIP commands.

Page 8
14.2 Software Access

ARC/INFO is proprietary software with copyright protection. Contact ESRI for details:

Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI)

380 New York St.

Redlands, CA 92373-8100

Gzip is available from many Web sites across the Internet (for example, ftp site

prep.ai.mit.edu/pub/gnu/gzip-*.*) for a variety of operating systems in both executable and source

code form. Versions of the decompression software for various systems are included on the

CD-ROMs.

15. Data Access

The vector format fire history data of Manitoba from 1980 to 1991 are available from the Earth

Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL)

Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

Page 9
16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

These data can be made available on 8-ram, Digital Archive Tape (DAT), or 9-track tapes at 1600

or 6250 Bytes Per Inch (BPI).

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

These data are available on the BOREAS CD-ROM series.

17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

ARC/INFO User's Guide (Version 7). 1994. Redlands, CA.

Welch, T.A. 1984. A Technique for High Performance Data Compression. IEEE Computer, Vol. 17,

No. 6, pp. 8-19.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,

A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM.

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B.

Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D. Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal

ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year.

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9): 1549-1577.

Sellers, P.J., F.G. Hall, R.D. Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi, J. Berry, M. Ryan, K.J. Ranson, P.M.

Crill, D.P. Lettenmaier, H. Margolis, J. Cihlar, J. Newcomer, D. Fitzjarrald, P.G. Jarvis, S.T.

Gower, D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison, D.E. Wickland, and F.E. Guertin. 1997. BOREAS

in 1997: Experiment Overview, Scientific Results and Future Directions. Journal of Geophysical

Research 102 (D24): 28,731-28,770.

17.3 Arehive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

Page 10
None.

18. Glossary of Terms

AEAC

AVHRR

BOREAS

BORIS

BPI

CCRS

CCT

CD-ROM

DAAC

DAT

EOS

EOSDIS

GIS

GPS

GSFC

LRRC

NASA

NSA

ORNL

PANP

SSA

TGB

TM

URL

UTM

19. List of Acronyms

- Albers Equal-Area Conic

- Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Bytes Per Inch

- Canadian Centre for Remote Sensing

- Computer Compatible Tape

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Digital Archive Tape

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Geographic Information System

- Global Positioning System

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- Land Resource Research Center

- National Aeronautics and Space Administration

- Northern Study Area

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Southern Study Area

- Trace Gas Biogeochemistry

- Thematic Mapper

- Uniform Resource Locator

- Universal Transverse Mercator

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date

Written: 21-Feb- 1997

Revised: 11-Feb- 1999

20.2 Document Review Dates

BORIS Review: 20-Jun- 1997

Science Review:

20.3 Document ID

Page 11
20.4 Citation

When using these data, please include the following acknowledgment as well as citations of

relevant papers in Section 17.2:

The Manitoba Fire History data set was produced by:

Canadian Forest Service-Ontario Region

Great Lakes Forestry Centre

1219 Queen St.

East Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada P6A 5M7

If using data from the BOREAS CD-ROM series, also reference the data as:

Stocks, B.J. and R.G. Zepp, "Trace Gas Exchange in the Boreal Forest Biome: Effects of Fire and

Beaver Activity." In Collected Data of The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. Eds. J. Newcomer,

D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson, A. Papagno, D.

Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

Also, cite the BOREAS CD-ROM set as:

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. Collected Data of

The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 12
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

November 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TGB-5 Fire History of Manitoba 1980 to 1991 in Vector Format

6. AUTHOR(S)

Brian J. Stocks, Richard Zepp, and David Knapp

Forrest G. Hall, Editor

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

923

RTOP: 923-462-33-01

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 232

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

B.J. Stocks: Canadian Forest Service-Ontario Region, Sault Ste. Marie; R. Zepp: U.S. Environmental

Protection Service, Athens, Georgia; D. Knapp: Raytheon ITSS, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center,

Greenbelt, Maryland

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TGB-5 team collected several data sets related to the effects of fire on the exchange of

trace gases between the surface and the atmosphere. This vector format data set covers the province of

Manitoba between 1980 and 1991 and was produced by Forestry Canada from hand-drawn boundaries

of fires on photocopies of 1:250,000 scale maps. The locational accuracy of the data is considered fair

to poor. When the locations of some fire boundaries were compared to Landsat TM images, they were

found to be off by as much as a few kilometers.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, trace gas biogeochemistry.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

12

16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

UL

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)

Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18

298-102