### Guaranto Spring

Location – Lat. 29° 46’ 47.27” N., Long. 82° 56’ 23.85” W. (NW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec. 20, T. 8 S., R. 14 E.). Guaranto Spring is located within a county park along the west bank of the Suwannee River, 12.5 miles (20 km) south of Branford. Travel west from the Suwannee River bridge in Branford on US 27 for 1.3 miles (2.1 km). Turn south (left) on SR 349 andtravel 11.8 miles (19 km). Turn east (left) on CR 353 (Rock Sink Church Road) at the flashing lights. The road turns sharply to the south (right) just in front of the church, follow the road approximately 2.5 miles (4 km) to the county park.
Description – Guaranto Spring, also locally known as “Gronto” or “Gornto” Spring, is an impounded swimming hole along the west side of the Suwannee River. An earthen dam blocks the outflow channel adjacent to the river, creating an oblong spring pool. The pool measures 240 ft (73.2 m) northwest to southeast and 87 ft (26.5 m) northeast to southwest. The depth over the vent is 11.5 ft (3.5 m). A slight boil is present on the northwest end ofthe pool directly over the vent. The water is clear and greenish. The spring has a sand bottom. Limestone is exposed at the vent. Algae are abundant, but there is virtually no aquatic vegetation. Two wooden access structures are built into the pool on the north and southsides. The north shore has bluish clay banks, and the spring’s steep banks rise to approximately 12 ft (3.7 m) above the water level. The land around the spring is developed into a county recreation park. The spring discharges through a 5 ft (1.5 m) diameter culvert in the dam directly into the Suwannee River.

Utilization

- Guaranto Spring is within a county park and is a popular swimming area. FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 84 Figure 42. Guaranto Spring (photo by R. Means).

### There is a boat ramp and access area on the nearby Suwannee River. There are limited facilities. Discharge - All discharge rates are measured in ft 3

### /s. May 12, 1932 12.4 (1) 

### March 9, 1962 3.41 (1) 

### November 2, 1972 12.0 (1) 

### July 21, 1997 12.76 (4) 

### July 16, 2002 9.33 (2) BULLETIN NO. 66



### 85 Dissolved Total Dissolved Total Field Measures Metals Temperature 22 Ca 60 64.1 64.0 DO 2.5 K 0.2 0.69 0.67 pH 6.8 Na 2.3 2.9I 2.7I Sp. Cond.

- Mg 4 3.9 3.9 Lab Analytes Al - - 50U BOD 0.5 - 0.2U As - 3U 3U Turbidity - - 0.35 B - - 10U Color 0 - 5U Cd - 0.5U 0.5U Alkalinity 153 - 183 Co - - 0.75U Sp. Cond. 343 380.0 - Cr - 2U 2U TDS 182 - 200 Cu - 3U 3U TSS - - 4U Fe - 25U 35I Cl 4 - 6.0 Mn - 1.9I 2.9 SO4 5.6 - 6.1 Ni - 2U 2U F 0.1 - 0.093I Pb - 3U 5U Nutrients Ra-226 - - 0.2 TOC - - 1.5I Ra-228 - - 0.9U NO 3+ NO 2as N 1.14 - 0.78 Se - 4U 4U NH 3+ NH4 - - 0.01U Sn - - 7U TKN - 0.06U 0.06U Sr 400 - 164.0 P - 0.009I 0.012 Zn - 1.5U 3U PO 4 - 0.006I - NO 3 0.6

- - A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit 2002 2002 Analytes Analytes 1973 1973

22.75 1.10 7.06 371 Table 32. Guaranto Spring water quality analysis.

Analyte Value Enterococci 1K Fecal Coliform 1K

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) Table 33. Guaranto Spring bacteriological analysis.

### Steinhatchee River Rise

Location—Lat. 29° 46’ 11.68” N., Long. 83° 19’ 30.13” W. (NE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec. 21, T. 1 S., R. 12 E.). The Steinhatchee River Rise is located between Perry and Cross City off US 19/27A/98. From the intersection of US 98 and US 19/27 in Perry, travelsouth on US 19/27A/98 approximately 28 miles (45 km) to the Steinhatchee River bridge. After crossing bridges over the Steinhatchee River, veer south (right) into grassy area beside the road. Follow to a small dirt road marked by a Public River Access #5 sign. This dirt road ends at the river rise.
Description -Steinhatchee River Rise is the re-emergence of theSteinhatchee River from underground. There was very little flow during October 2001 visit. Spring pool measures 72 ft (21.9 m) north to south and 30 ft (9.1 m) east to west. The depth is 12 ft (3.7 m). Tannic water flows northwest out from underneath a limestone ledge. Algae are present on limestone substrate. Some cypress trees are near water’s edge. The area around the rise hasnearby sink depressions and elongated fissures in limestone that run into the Steinhatchee River from its banks. Uplands both north and south of the rise have planted pines. The uplands rise steeply to 10-12 ft (3-3.7 m) above water level on both sides of river channel. This river rise is located in a river flood channel. High water would bring river water flowing over the rise depression from the southeast.

Utilization -Land owned by SRWMD and public access granted. No development, planted pines nearby. Discharge - July 6,1999: 350 ft 3

### /s (4) FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 86 Figure 43. Steinhatchee River Rise (photo by R. Means)BULLETIN NO. 66



### 87 

### Unfilt. Filter Unfilt. Filter Field Measures Metals Temperature Ca 108 A 101 DO K 0.26 A 0.25 pH Na 4.15 A 4.01 Sp. Cond. Mg 8.3 A 7.9 Lab Analytes As 3 U 3 U BOD 0.4 AI - Al - 75 U Turbidity 1.8 - B 25 U - Color 50 A - Cd 0.75 U 0.75 U Alkalinity 279 279 Co 0.75 U - Sp. Cond. 560 - Cr 2 U 2 U TDS 322 - Cu 2.5 U 2.5 U TSS 4 U - Fe 450 A 130 I Cl 7.6 7.2 Mn 186 A 173 SO4 

### 11 11 Ni 1.5 U 1.5 U F 0.12 0.12 A Pb 5 U 4 U Nutrients Se 4 U 4 U TOC 12 A - Sn 10 U - NO 3 + 

### NO2 

### 0.056 0.053 Sr 165 A - NH3+

### NH 4 

### 0.038 0.042 Zn 5 U 5 U TKN 0.41 A 0.16 J P 0.055 A 0.027 A PO4 

### 0.03 - A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Estimated Q=Exceeding holding time Analytes 2001 Analytes 2001

21.1 1.07 6.98 504 Table 34. Steinhatchee River Rise water quality analysis.

Analyte Value Escherichia coli 6Q

Enterococci 34Q Fecal Coliform 6Q Total Coliform 100Q Bacteria Results (in #/100ml) Table 35. Steinhatchee River Rise bacteriological analysis.FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 88 Figure 44. Spring visited by FGS in Duval County. Spring description provided on enclosed CD. 

### DUVAL COUNTYBULLETIN NO. 66



### 89 Figure 45. Spring visited by FGS in Franklin County. Spring description provided on enclosed CD. 

### FRANKLIN COUNTYFLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 90 Figure 46. Spring visited by FGS in Gadsden County. Spring description provided on enclosed CD. 

### GADSDEN COUNTY

### GILCHRIST COUNTY BULLETIN NO. 66



### 91 Figure 47. Springs visited by FGS in Gilchrist County.

### Devil’s Ear Spring

Location -Lat. 29° 50’ 07.26” N., Long. 82° 41’ 47.76” W. (SE1⁄4 SW1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec. 34, T. 7 S., R.16 E.). Devil’s Ear Spring is located among a complex of springs on the south bank of the Santa Fe River. The spring is approximately 6.5 miles (10.5 km) northwest of High Springs and can be accessed either by river or through the privately owned Ginnie Springs Resort. From the junction of US 441/41 and US 27 in High Springs, drive southwest on US 41/27 for FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 92 Figure 48. Devil's Ear Spring (photo by H. Means).

### 0.8 miles (1.3 km). Turn west (right) on SR 340 (Poe Springs Road), drive 6.6 miles (10.6 km) west on SR 340. Following the signs to Ginnie Springs, turn north (right) on a graded road and go 1.2 miles (1.9 km) to the Ginnie Springs Resort entrance. Follow the road around to the back of the office and towards the river. Turn right just before the bathhouse and follow the sand road to the parking area. Devils Ear Spring is part of a complex of three vents and is the vent nearest the Santa Fe River. BULLETIN NO. 66



### 93 

### Unfilt. Filter Unfilt. Filter Field Measures Metals Temperature 22.57

- Ca 62 62.5 DO 3.09 - K 0.43 0.44 pH 7.21 - Na 3.84 4.05 Sp. Cond. 372 - Mg 6.5 6.4 Lab Analytes As 3 U 3 U BOD 0.36 I - Al - 75 U Turbidity 0.05 U - B 25 U - Color 5 U - Cd 0.75 U 0.75 U Alkalinity 175 A 175 Co 0.75 U - Sp. Cond. 380 - Cr 2 U 2 U TDS 215 - Cu 2.5 U 2.5 U TSS 4 U - Fe 35 U 35 U Cl 6.9 6.9 Mn 0.5 U 0.5 U SO4 

### 13 13 Ni 2 U 2 U F 0.11 0.094 I Pb 5 U 4 U Nutrients Se 8.8 U 4 U TOC 1 U - Sn 20 U - NO3 + NO2 1.3 J 1.4 Sr 151 - NH3 + NH4 0.013 I 0.032 Zn 5 U 5 U TKN 0.06 U 0.1 I P 0.047 0.098 PO4 

### 0.047 - A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Estimated value Q=exceeded holding time limit 

### Analytes 2001 Analytes 2001 Table 36. Devil's Ear Spring water quality analysis.

Analyte Value Escherichia coli 1AKQ Enterococci 2AQ Fecal Coliform 1AQ Total Coliform 25AQ Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) Table 37. Devil's Ear Spring water quality analysis.

### Description -Devil’s Ear Spring is situated at the mouth of a 375 ft (114.3 m) long spring run that enters into the Santa Fe River from the south side. It is an elongated limestone fissure that discharges directly into the adjacent Santa Fe River. The spring pool measures approximately 105 ft (32 m) east to west and 60 ft (18.3 m) north to south. The vent is an oval shaped opening in limestone with steep sides leading down to a depth of 34 ft (10.4 m). There is a large boil over the spring vent. Dark water from the river contrasts distinctly withclear, bluish water issuing from the spring along the side of the river. Native aquatic grasses are common around the vent opening, and some algae are on grass blades and limestone walls. The banks on the south side of the river rise steeply to approximately 3 ft (0.9 m)above water level, then levels off. On top of the bank, a mesic hardwood forest with interspersed clearings is present. An underwater cave system has been mapped at Devil’s Ear Spring.

Utilization -Devil’s Ear Spring is part of the privately-owned Ginnie Springs Resort. The spring is heavily used for swimming and scuba diving and is a hotspot for cave diving. Full facilities are located nearby to the east. Discharge—Devil’s Ear Spring complex total: September 5, 2001: 206.59 f t 3

### /s (4) FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 94

### Gilchrist Blue Spring

Location – Lat. 29° 49’ 47.64” N., Long. 82° 40’ 58.27” W. (NW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec. 35, T. 7 S., R. 16 E.). Gilchrist Blue Spring is located within Blue Springs Park and Campground, a privately run facility 3.5 miles (5.6 km) west of High Springs. From the junction of US 441/41 and US 27 in High Springs, drive southwest on US 41/27 for 0.8 miles (1.3 km). Turn west (right) on SR 340 (Poe Springs Road), travel west on SR 340 (Poe Springs Road) 4.6 miles (7.4 km). Turn north (right) onto Blue Spring Road and continue 1.1 miles (1.8 km) to the parking area just south of the spring.
Description – Gilchrist Blue Spring has a circular spring pool that measures 132 ft (40.2 m) in diameter. The depth at the vent is 18.9 ft (5.8 m). Water issues from a cave under a submerged limestone ledge on the northwest side of the spring pool. No boil was observed on the pool surface in May 2002. The water is clear and blue. A wooden platform is on the northwest side of the spring pool directly over the vent. The spring pool is shallow with a sand bottom, except for limestone near the vent. The pool is enclosed by a wooden retaining wall. An elevated wooden boardwalk runs along the south side of the pool and the east side of the run to the Santa Fe River. The spring run flows north approximately 1,100 ft (335.3 m) to the river under a forest canopy through the river floodplain. Exotic aquatic vegetation is abundant in the run and much of the spring pool. Three additional springs enter Gilchrist Blue Spring Run. Little Blue Spring discharges from the west and Naked Spring and Johnson Spring discharge from the east into the run approximately 100 ft (30.5 m) and 500 ft (152.4 m) downstream from the spring pool. Gilchrist Blue Spring is along the south edge BULLETIN NO. 66



### 95 Figure 49. Gilchrist Blue Spring (photo by R. Means).

### of the Santa Fe River flood plain at the base of sandy slopes. The hillside rises gently to the south and west to about 12 ft (3.7 m) above water level, leading up to a concession area and picnic tables.

Utilization

- The spring is operated as a private recreation area with full facilities. Discharge - All discharge rates are measured in ft 3

### /s. April 28, 1975 70.4 (1) 

### (Combined, 28.3 of which is Naked Springs) April 27, 1998 79.98 (4) FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 96 Dissolved Total Dissolved Total Field Measures Metals Temperature 22.5 Ca 54 60.4A 60.5 DO

- K 0.2 0.39A 0.36 pH 7.4 Na 2.9 3.1I 3.1I Sp. Cond.

- Mg 5 6.3A 6.3 Lab Analytes Al - - 50U BOD - - 0.21I As - 3U 6U Turbidity 2 - 0.05U B - - 10U Color 5 - 5U Cd - 0.5U 0.5U Alkalinity 148 - 173 Co - - 0.75U Sp. Cond. 340 317.0 - Cr - 2U 2U TDS 176 - 198.0 Cu - 3U 3U TSS - - 4U Fe - 25U 25U Cl 6.2 - 5.4 Mn - 0.5U 0.5U SO4 7.9 - 11.0 Ni - 2U 2U F 0.1 - 0.11 Pb - 3U 5U Nutrients Ra-226 - - 0.5 TOC - - 1U Ra-228 - - 1U NO 3 + NO 2 as N - - 1.7 Se - 4U 4U NH 3 + NH4 - - 0.01U Sn - - 7U TKN - 0.06U 0.06U Sr 230 - 153.0 P - 0.034 0.035 Zn - 15U 2U PO 4 - 0.037 - NO 3 --- A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit 2002 Analytes Analytes 2002 1975 1975

358 22.69 4.26 7.49 Table 38. Gilchrist Blue Spring water quality analysis.

Analyte Value Enterococci 1KQ Fecal Coliform 1KQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) Table 39. Gilchrist Blue Spring bacteriological analysis.

### Ginnie Spring

Location

– Lat. 29° 50’ 10.82” N., Long. 82° 42’ 00.44” W. (SE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 NW1⁄4 sec. 34, T. 7 S., R. 16 E.). Ginnie Spring is located within a privately-operated park and resort, called Ginnie Springs Outdoors, approximately 6.5 miles (10.5 km) northwest of High Springs on the south side of the Santa Fe River. From the junction of US 441/41 and US 27 in High Springs, drive southwest on US 41/27 for 0.8 miles (1.3 km). Turn west (right) on SR 340. Drive 6.6 miles (10.6 km) then turn north (right) on a graded road. Travel 1.2 miles (1.9 km) to the Ginnie Springs Resort entrance. Follow the road behind the office, turn north (left) at the bathhouse, and continue down to the spring.
Description – The Ginnie Spring pool is roughly circular, measuring 90 ft (27.4 m) in diameter and 12.2 ft (3.7 m) deep in the center. Clear, bluish water issues from a cavernous vent underneath a limestone ledge on the east side of the pool. No boil was visible in May 2002. The spring has a sand and limestone bottom. Some aquatic vegetation occurs in both the spring and its run. There are two scuba diving/swimming access platforms along the south side of the spring pool. The pool is otherwise surrounded by cypress and hardwood trees. The spring run is approximately 35 ft (10.7 m) wide, 3 ft (0.9 m) deep and flows east about500 ft (152.4 m) under a forest canopy into the Santa Fe River. The spring and run are situated entirely within the river floodplain. The Santa Fe River was crystal clear during the May 2002 visit; however, it normally is tea-colored. Exotic aquatic vegetation is abundant BULLETIN NO. 66



### 97 Figure 50. Ginnie Spring (photo by H. Means).

### in both the spring run and nearby Santa Fe River. Rosenau et al. (1977) report that an extensive cave system extends well beyond the vent underneath the limestone ledge to the east and south. The cave system includes some 1,100 ft (335.3 m) of known passages (Rosenau et al. 1977). Cavern diving is popular in Ginnie Spring; however, the cave system is blocked with a gate to prevent divers from entering beyond the light zone. Several other springs that are open to cave diving occur within the park.

Utilization

- Ginnie Spring is within the privately-owned Ginnie Springs Outdoors Resort. The resort is extensive, has full facilities, and is a major scuba diving attraction offering open water and cave diving. Discharge – All discharge rates are measured in ft 3

### /s. April 28, 1975 45.8 (1) 

### November 4, 1997 58.19 (4) FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 98 Dissolved Total Dissolved Total Field Measures Metals Temperature 22.5 Ca 48 58.8A 60.7A DO

- K 0.2 0.34A 0.34A pH 7.7 Na 2.7 2.9I 3I Sp. Cond.

- Mg 5 6A 6.2A Lab Analytes Al - - 50U BOD - - 0.2AU As - 3U 3U Turbidity - - 0.05U B - - 10U Color 3 - 5U Cd - 0.5U 0.5U Alkalinity - - 159.0 Co - - 0.75U Sp. Cond. - 321.0 - Cr - 2U 2U TDS 160 - 180.0 Cu - 3U 3U TSS - - 4U Fe 10 25U 25U Cl 3.6 - 5.2 Mn - 0.5U 0.5U SO 4 7.8 - 10.0 Ni - 2U 2U F 0.2 - 0.11 Pb - 3U 5U Nutrients Ra-226 - - 0.3 TOC - - 1U Ra-228 - - 1.1U NO 3 + NO 2 as N - - 1.30 Se - 4U 4U NH 3 + NH4 - - 0.01U Sn - - 7U TKN - 0.06U 0.06U Sr 150 - 141A P - 0.037 0.046 Zn - 1.5U 3U PO 4 - 0.036 - NO 3 --- A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit 2002 2002 Analytes Analytes 1974 1974

22.51 3.49 7.52 337 Table 40. Ginnie Spring water quality analysis.

Analyte Value Enterococci 2Q Fecal Coliform 1KQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) Table 41. Ginnie Spring bacteriological analysis.

### Hart Springs

Location – Lat. 29° 40’ 32.67” N., Long. 82° 57’ 06.16” W. (SW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec. 30, T. 9 S., R. 14 E.). Hart Springs is located within a county recreation area 6.5 miles (10.5 km)northwest of Fanning Springs. After crossing over the Suwannee River on US 98/27A heading east, turn north (left) on SR 26 and drive approximately 1.4 miles (2.2 km) to the townof Wilcox. In Wilcox, SR 26 makes a 90 degree bend to the east (right). At this bend continue north (straight) onto CR 232. Drive 4.1 miles (6.6 km) and turn west (left) on CR 344. Travel 1.6 miles (2.6 km), then turn north (right) into the recreation area.
Description – The head of Hart Springs Run has three merging spring runs. In April 2002, the only significantly flowing spring in this system was at the head of the middle channel and was the one sampled for water quality. The middle spring pool measures 51 ft (15.6 m) north to south and 45 ft (13.7 m) east to west. The depth of the pool measured over the vent was 19.9 ft (6.1 m). The water was clear and greenish. In the center of the spring pool, aprominent boil is produced on the surface by spring discharge. The vent is a vertical limestone fissure with 15 ft (4.6 m) high walls. The spring pool has a nearly rectangular shape and is enclosed by a 4 ft (1.2 m) high metal retaining wall. The metal wall extends several hundred feet southward and forms the perimeter of the entire southernmost spring and its run. The bottom is sand in the swimming area where the three spring channels merge. The northern run was not flowing, but the southernmost spring had slight flow with no boil on its surface. Exotic aquatic vegetation is abundant in the spring pool. Algae are abundant inthe pool and the run. Other aquatic plants occur on the edges of the pool. From the swimBULLETIN NO. 66



### 99 Figure 51. Hart Springs (photo by T. Scott).FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 100 Dissolved Total Field Measures Temperature 23 22.0 DO

- 2.7 pH 7.3 7.2 Sp. Cond.

- - Lab Analytes BOD

- 0.2

- 0.54I Turbidity

- - - 0.20 Color 5 0

- 5U Alkalinity - 170

- 191 Sp. Cond. 355 330 440.0

- TDS

- 208

- 244.0 TSS

- - - 4U Cl 3.8 6.0

- 7.1 SO 4 12 16

- 25.0 F 0 0.2

- 0.096I Nutrients TOC

- - - 1.2I NO 3 + NO 2 as N

- 0.8

- 1.10 NH 3+ NH4 - - - 0.01U TKN

- - 0.06U 0.06U P

- - 0.082 0.080 PO 4 - - 0.074

- NO 3 2.3 3.5

- - Metals Ca 67 66 77.8 77.3A K 0.6 0.2 0.69 0.69A Na 2 2.4 3.2 3I Mg 4.8 4.2 5.4 5.6A Al

- - - 50U As

- - 3U 3U B -

- - 10U Cd

- - 0.5U 0.5U Co -

- - 0.75U Cr

- - 2U 2U Cu

- - 3.5U 3.5U Fe

- 35U 35U Mn

- - 1.2I 1.6I Ni

- - 2U 2U Pb

- - 3U 5U Ra-226

- - - 0.6 Ra-228

- - - 0.9 Se

- - 8.4U 4U Sn

- - - 7U Sr 0 60

- 96.8A Zn

- - 1.5U 3U A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit 22.17 0.99 7.03 431 2002 Analytes 1946 1972 Table 42. Hart Spring water quality analysis.

### ming area at the confluence of the spring runs, Hart Springs Run flows northwest approximately 850 ft (259.1 m) into the Suwannee River from the east. The springs are situated within the forested river floodplain. A 0.3 mile (0.5 km) long wooden boardwalk follows along the north side of the spring run and the east side of the river, and footbridges cross over both the northernmost and main spring runs. An underwater cave system occurs at Hart Springs.

Utilization

-The spring is within a county recreation area that provides full facilities. Discharge - All discharge rates are measured in ft 3

### /s.
March 14, 1932 40 (1) 

### May 12, 1932 62.1 (1) 

### July 24, 1946 58.6 (1) 

### April 27, 1956 58.6 (1) 

### November 23, 1960 152 (1) 

### November 1, 1972 79.4 (1) 

### June 26, 1997 51.28 (4) BULLETIN NO. 66



### 101 Analyte Value Enterococci 1KQ Fecal Coliform 1KQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) Table 43. Hart Spring bacteriological analysis.

### Otter Spring

Location

- Lat. 29° 38’ 41.29” N, Long. 82° 56’ 33.91” W (NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec. 6 (irregular section shape), T. 10 S., R. 14 E.). The spring is located 4.5 miles (7.2 km) north of Fanning Springs on the east side of the Suwannee River. After crossing over the Suwannee River on US 98/27A heading east, turn north (left) on SR 26 and travel north on SR 26 approximately 1.4 miles (2.2 km) to the town of Wilcox. In Wilcox, SR 26 makes a 90 degree bend to the east (right). At this bend continue north (straight) onto CR 232. Once on CR 232 continue north to the intersection with CR 334 approximately 1.7 miles (2.7 km). Turn west (left) onto CR 334 and drive approximately 2.3 miles (3.7 km) to the boat ramp. The spring run enters the river 0.5 miles (0.8 km) upstream from the CR 334 boat ramp.
Description – Otter Spring has a nearly circular, bowl-shaped spring pool measuring 68 ft (20.7 m) in diameter. It is surrounded by a concrete bag retaining wall. The spring issues from a vertical fissure in limestone. The depth over the fissure measures 27.5 ft (8.4 m).There was a very slight boil on the pool surface in April 2002. The water is clear and greenish. There is very little aquatic vegetation within the spring; however, algae cover the entire spring depression. A small, limestone, man-made dam stretches across the outflow channel on the west side of the pool. A distinct hydrogen sulfide odor was present at the spring in April 2002. The flow is southwest approximately 110 ft (33.5 m) into a larger, apparentlyman-made, circular pool having a diameter of about 130 ft (39.6 m). The larger pool averages 10 ft (3 m) deep and is utilized as a swimming area. Otter Spring discharges westward 0.8 miles (1.3 km) where it joins the Suwannee River. Its shallow, sand bottomed run is FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 102 Figure 52. Otter Spring (photo by H. Means).

### approximately half as wide as the spring. The run flows through the heavily forested river floodplain. Land surrounding the spring is relatively low and rises to approximately 5 ft (1.5m) above water level. Most of the uplands are covered in large grassy areas with interspersed live oak trees. Private residences are visible from the spring several hundred feet (90 plus meters) to the east through oak trees.

Utilization

- The spring is surrounded by private property and was previously operated as a private campground and swimming area. Discharge

- All discharge rates are measured in ft 3

### /s. March 14, 1932 5.0 (1) 

### May 12, 1932 5.45 (1) 

### November 1, 1972 16.1 (1) 

### September 19, 1997 21.24 (4) 

### July 16, 2002 4.80 (2) BULLETIN NO. 66



### 103 Dissolved Total Dissolved Total Field Measures Metals Temperature 22.5 Ca 66 79.7A 81.3 DO 3.8 K 0.2 0.64A 0.63 pH 7.5 Na 2.5 2.8I 2.9I Sp. Cond.

- Mg 5.2 6.5A 6.5 Lab Analytes Al - - 50U BOD 0.3 - 0.73AI As - 3U 3U Turbidity - - 11.0 B - - 10U Color 0 - 40.0 Cd - 0.5U 0.5U Alkalinity 160 - 209.0 Co - - 0.75U Sp. Cond. 330 480.0 - Cr - 2U 2U TDS 215 - 264.0 Cu - 3U 3U TSS - - 58A Fe - 25U 26I Cl 8 - 8.2 Mn - 0.88I 0.99I SO 4 20 - 29.0 Ni - 2U 2U F 0.2 - 0.10 Pb - 3U 5U Nutrients Ra-226 - - 0.4 TOC - - 1I Ra-228 - - 1.0 NO 3 + NO 2as N 1.08 - 1.10 Se - 4U 4U NH 3+ NH4 - - 0.01U Sn - - 7U TKN - 0.06U 0.06U Sr 60 - 124.0 P - 0.065 0.078 Zn - 3.4U 3U PO 4 - 0.062 - NO 3 4.4

- - A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit 2002

22.63 1.47 1972

451 2002 Analytes Analytes

6.88 1972 Table 44. Otter Spring water quality analysis.

Analyte Value Enterococci 4Q Fecal Coliform 1KQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL)

Table 45. Otter Spring bacteriological analysis.

### Rock Bluff Springs

Location

- Lat. 29° 47’ 56.70” N., Long. 82° 55’ 7.11” W. (SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec. 9, T. 8 S., R. 14 E.). Rock Bluff Springs are located 11 miles (18 km) south of Branford. The springs can be accessed by boat. From the bridge over the Suwannee River in Branford head west on US 27 approximately 1.3 miles (2.1 km) to the intersection with CR 349. Turn south (left) on CR 349 and travel approximately10.5 miles (16.9 km) to the intersection with CR 340. Turn east (left) onto CR 340 and travel approximately 3.3 miles (5.3 km) to Rock Bluff boat landing on the east side of the river. The 750 ft (228.6 m) spring run flows into the east side of the Suwannee River approximately 0.25 miles (0.4 km) upstream from Rock Bluff Landing.
Description – The Rock Bluff Springs pool measures 250 ft (76.2 m) north to south and 171 ft (52.1 m) east to west. Numerous vents feed the large shallow spring pool,and the most prominent vent discharges from a deep vertical limestone fissure on the north end ofthe pool. The depth over the fissure measures 27.8 ft (8.5 m). The water is clear with a greenish tint, and the bottom is exposed limestone and sand. Water quality was sampled from a smaller, circular vent opening in limestone 20 ft (6.1 m) south of the main vent. The circular opening measures approximately 1.5 ft (0.5 m) in diameter.Discharge over the sampled vent creates a prominent boil on the pool surface. A rock retaining wall is constructed along the north shore of the spring pool. There are numerous cypress trees both in the spring pool and along the perimeter of the spring. The spring run flows southwest approximately 750 ft (228.6 m) before entering the Suwannee River from the eastabout 0.25 miles (0.4 km) upstream from Rock Bluff. The surrounding land is forested lowland floodplain. There is a cleared sandy area on the north shore above the rock retaining wall. Rosenau et al. (1977) report that two smaller springs enter Rock Bluff Springs Run about 100 ft (30.5 m) downstream from the spring pool. An underwater cave system has been mapped at this spring. FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 104 Figure 53. Rock Bluff Springs (photo by H. Means).BULLETIN NO. 66



### 105 Dissolved Total Field Measures Temperature 23.9 21.7 22 DO

- - 3.2 pH 7.5 7.5 7.5 Sp. Cond.

- - - Lab Analytes BOD

- - 0.2 - 0.2AU Turbidity - - - -0

. 1 Color 5 0 0

- 5U Alkalinity - - 120 - 129.0 Sp. Cond. 250 249 230 290.0 - TDS 137 146 142 - 157.0 TS S - - - -4U Cl 4 3 6

- 4.6 SO 4 7 9.2 10 - 12.0 F 0.1 0.2 0.1 - 0.07I Nutrients TOC - - - - 1.6I NO 3 + NO 2 as N

- - 0.48 - 0.59J NH 3+ NH4 ---- 0.012I TKN

- - - 0.06U 0.06U P

- - - 0.079 0.077 PO 4 - - - 0.070 - NO 3 0.3 2 2.1

- - Metals Ca 46 49 45 48.5 50A K 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.49 0.49A Na 2 2 1.8 2.2I 2.3I Mg 2.7 6.2 2.6 3.4 3.5A Al - - - -5 0U As

- - - 3U 3U B ---- 10U Cd

- - - 0.5U 0.5U C o - - - - 0.75U Cr

- - - 2U 2U Cu

- - - 3U 3U Fe

- - - 25U 25U Mn

- - - 2.1 2.2A Ni

- - - 2U 2U Pb

- - - 3U 5U Ra-226 - - - -0

. 4 Ra-228

---- 0.9U Se

- - - 4U 4U S n - - - -7 U Sr

- - 60 - 45.9A Zn

- - - 1.5U 3U A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceedingholdingtime limit 2002 Analytes 1956 1960 1972

22.00 0.27 7.20 281 Table 46. Rock Bluff Springs water quality analysis.

### Utilization

- The springs are surrounded by private property and are locally used for swimming. Discharge

- All discharge rates are measured in ft 3

### /s. December 8, 1942 42.1 (1) 

### April 19, 1956 25.0 (1) 

### April 28, 1956 23.8 (1) 

### November 23, 1960 40.3 (1) 

### November 2, 1973 39.3 (1) 

### July 17, 1997 27.64 (4) FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 106 Analyte Value Enterococci 8Q Fecal Coliform 2Q

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) Table 47. Rock Bluff Springs bacteriological analysis.

### Siphon Creek Rise

Location -Lat. 29° 51’ 22.29” N., Long. 82° 43’ 58.98” W. (SW1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 SE1⁄4 sec. 20, T. 7 S., R. 16 E.). Siphon Creek Rise is approximately 4 miles (6.4 km) south of Fort White on the Santa Fe River. From the intersection of US 27 and SR 47 in Ft. White, drive south on SR 47 approximately 4.5 miles (7.2 km) to the boat launch on the northwest side of the Santa Fe River. The river rise is upstream approximately 0.75 mile (1.2 km) on the south of the river at the mouth of Siphon Creek.
Description -Siphon Creek Rise is the reemergence of Siphon Creek that discharges from a single vent along the west bank of the Santa Fe River in the mouth of Siphon Creek. The spring pool measures 45 ft (13.7 m) north to south and 90 ft (27.4 m) east to west. Spring pool depth is 11.8 ft (3.6 m). The water is tannin colored, like that of the adjacent Santa Fe River. There is a voluminous boil over the vent. Native aquatic grass grows in the vicinity of the vent and sways back and forth in the powerful current. The adjacent west riverbank rises steeply to 2 ft (0.6 m) above the water, and fresh water shell marl is exposed. All land adjacent to the spring is lowland river floodplain with cypress, gum, and maple.

Utilization -Land around Siphon Creek Rise is pristine and owned by the SRWMD. Discharge— October 11, 2001 120 ft 3

### /s (4) BULLETIN NO. 66



### 107 Figure 54. Siphon Creek Rise (photo by T. Scott).FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 108 Unfilt. Filter Unfilt. Filter Field Measures Metals Temperature 22.46 - Ca 56.3 56.4 DO 3.96 - K 0.79 0.84 pH 7.39 - Na 6.29 7.4 Sp. Cond. 325 - Mg 6.4 6.7 Lab Analytes As 3 U 3 U BOD 0.43 I - Al - 80 I Turbidity 0.9 - B 25 U

- Color 50 A - Cd 0.75 U 0.75 U Alkalinity 146 147 Co 0.75 U - Sp. Cond. 370 - Cr 2 U 2 U TDS 215 - Cu 2.5 U 2.5 U TSS 4 U - Fe 110 I 84 I Cl 13 13 A Mn 16.3 9.9 SO4 

### 24 24 A Ni 1.5 U 1.5 U F 0.13 0.11 Pb 5 U 4 U Nutrients Se 4 U 4 U TOC 6.9 - Sn 10 U - NO 3 + 

### NO2 

### 0.7 0.7 Sr 245 - NH3+

### NH 4 

### 0.026 J 0.027 Zn 5 U 5 U TKN 0.34 JA 0.24 P 0.09 0.086 PO4 

### 0.092 - A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value shown is less than the practical quantitation limit J=Estimated value Analytes 2001 Analytes 2001 Table 48. Siphon Creek Rise water quality analysis.

Analyte Value Escherichia coli 20Q Enterococci 80Q Fecal Coliform 24Q Total Coliform 260Q Bacteria Results (in #/100ml) Table 49. Siphon Creek Rise bacteriological analysis.

### Sun Springs

Location

- Lat. 29° 42’ 17.05” N., Long. 82° 56’ 00.70” W. (SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 sec. 17, T. 9 S., R. 14 E.). Sun Springs is approximately 7.8 miles (12.6 km) north of Fanning Springs within a private community and not accessible to the public by land. From the intersection US 98/19 and SR 26 in Fanning Springs travel north on SR 26 approximately 1.4 miles (2.2 km) to the town of Wilcox. In Wilcox, SR 26 makes a 90 degree bend to the east (right). At this bend continue north (straight) onto CR 232 and travel approximately 6.2 miles (9.9 km) to the intersection with SW 25 th Street. Head west (left) on SW 25 th Street and go approximately 0.8 mile (1.3 km) to the boat ramp. The spring run flows into the Suwannee River from the east approximately 0.35 miles (0.6 km) upstream from the boat ramp.
Description – Sun Springs is situated in a bowl-shaped depression. The spring pool measures 99 ft (30.2 m) north to south and 132 ft (40.2 m) east to west. Maximum depth of the pool measures 14.2 ft (4.3 m). There are two vents. The main vent, which was sampled for water quality, is roughly in the center. The other, smaller vent is situated on the south sideof the pool upslope from the main vent. The bottom of the spring is sand with some limestone exposed near both vents. The water was clear with a greenish tint in April 2002. No boil was present on the water surface at this time, but there was noticeable current in the shallow spring run. There are concrete terraces along the east side of the pool. The spring BULLETIN NO. 66



### 109 Figure 55. Sun Springs (photo by H. Means).

### has a fence around the southern portion near the dirt access road. The spring run averages about 15 ft (4.6 m) wide and 2 ft (0.6 m) deep. It flows north then west a total distance ofapproximately 1,900 ft (579.1 m). At the time of the visit, there was relatively little aquatic vegetation in the spring pool and run, but both harbored abundant algal mats. However, two months earlier, there was abundant Hydrilla and water lettuce (Follman, personal communication, 2004). High banks of the spring and run rise to approximately 15-18 ft (4.6- 5.5 m) above the water level. The surroundings consist of private residences and hardwood trees on the banks and some cypress trees along spring and run edges. FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 110 Dissolved Total Dissolved Total Field Measures Metals Temperature 22.2 Ca 53 69 68.3 DO 3 K 0.2 0.55 0.54 pH 7.3 Na 1.9 2.9 2.7I Sp. Cond. Mg 3.6 5.0 5.0 Lab Analytes Al - - 50U BOD 0.2 - 0.39AI As - 7U 3U Turbidity - 0.15 B - - 10U Color 0 - 5U Cd - 0.5U 0.5U Alkalinity 120 - 166.0 Co - - 0.75U Sp. Cond. 312 400.0 - Cr - 2U 2U TDS 168 - 217.0 Cu - 3.5U 3.5U TSS - - 4U Fe - 35U 35U Cl 4.0 - 6.2 Mn - 0.5U 0.5U SO 4 

### 14 - 24.0 Ni - 2U 2U F 0.1 - 0.077I Pb - 3U 5U Nutrients Ra-226 - - 0.3 TOC - - 1U Ra-228 - - 0.9 NO 3 

### + NO 2

### as N 0.55 - 1.80 Se - 4U 4U NH 3

### + NH4 

### - - 0.01U Sn - - 7U TKN - 0.06U 0.06U Sr 60 - 65.7 P - 0.066 0.064 Zn - 1.5U 3U PO 4 

### - 0.061 - NO 3 

### 2.4 - - A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit 

### 2002 2002 Analytes Analytes 1972 1972

22.61 0.99 7.12 390 Table 50. Sun Springs water quality analysis.

Analyte Value Enterococci 1KQ Fecal Coliform 1KQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) Table 51. Sun Springs bacteriological analysis.

### Utilization

- The spring is developed into a private swimming area for local residents and is not open to the public. In April 2002, water levels in the spring run were too low to allowspring access through the run; however, access would be possible during higher water levels. Discharge

- All discharge rates are measured in ft 3

### /s. November 2, 1972 27.6 (1) 

### September 19, 1997 31.15 (4) 

### July 16, 2002 7 .00 (2) BULLETIN NO. 66



### 111

### HAMILTON COUNTY FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 112 Figure 56 - Springs visited by FGS in Hamilton County.

### Alapaha River Rise

Location -Lat. 30° 26’ 20.29” N., Long. 83° 05’ 22.42” W. (NW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec. 35, T. 1 N., R. 12 E.). The Alapha River Rise is approximately 19 miles (30.6 km) southeast of Madison on the north side of the Suwannee River. From the bridge over the Withlacoochee River on SR 6, drive 8.7 miles (14 km) east and turn south (right) on CR 751. Drive 3.5 miles (5.6 km)to a park and boat launch on the north side of the Suwannee River. The spring is approximately 0.3 miles (0.5 km) upriver to the east on the north side.
Description -The Alapaha River Rise is the re-emergence of a portion of the Alapaha River. The spring is composed of a single vent at the head of a circular depression. The spring pool measures 75 ft (22.9 m) southeast to northwest and 108 ft (32.9 m) north to south. Pool depth is 71 ft (21.6 m). Some algae are present on submerged limestone substrates. The water is dark and tannic. There is no visible boil; however, the run flows swiftly to theSuwannee River. The river rise flows south for approximately 900 ft (274.3 m) until reaching the Suwannee River. At low water levels in the Suwannee River, the run from the river rise is shallow with exposed limestone, making it difficult to take a boat into the rise. This depression has deeply scalloped vertical limestone sidewalls that are estimated to rise 30 ft (9.1 m) above water level. High ground around the spring is densely forested with pines and oaks.

Utilization -Land around the river rise is privately owned and in pristine condition. BULLETIN NO. 66



### 113 Figure 57. Alapaha River Rise (photo by T. Scott).

### Discharge - All discharge rates are measured in ft 3

### /s. November 25, 1975 508 (1) 

### April 2, 1976 699 (1) 

### April 27, 1976 594 (1) 

### May 21, 1976 632 (1) 

### August 2001 594 (4) FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 114 Unfilt. Filter Unfilt. Filter Field Measures Metals Temperature 19.0 21.3 - Ca 33 39.8 34.7 DO 1.5 0.48 - K 0.7 1.3 1.1 pH 7.6 7.11 - Na 4.2 5.68 4.87 Sp. Cond. 225 242 - Mg 5.0 6.5 5.6 Lab Analytes As - 3 U 3 U BOD - 0.56 I - Al - - 75 U Turbidity - 1.2 - B - 25 U - Color 60 100 - Cd - 0.75 U 0.75 U Alkalinity 83 93 J 92 Co - 0.75 U - Sp. Cond. - 240 - Cr - 2 U 2 U TDS - 160 - Cu - 2.5 U 2.5 U TSS - 4U - Fe - 310 370 Cl 5.3 6.7 A 6.6 Mn - 29.6 25.2 SO 4 

### 18 20 A 19 Ni - 1.5 U 1.5 U F 0.2 0.15 0.12 Pb - 5 U 4 U Nutrients Se - 4 U 4 U TOC - 12 - Sn - 10 U - NO3 + NO2 - 0.4 J 0.4 Sr 90 63 - NH3 + NH4 - 0.024 J 0.038 A Zn - 5 U 5 U TKN - 0.43 J 0.4 P - 0.13 0.13 PO 4 

### - 0.14 A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Estimated value Q= Exceeded holding time limit 2001 Analytes 1975 2001 1975 Analytes



### - Table 52. Alapaha River Rise water quality analysis.

Analyte Value Escherichia coli 1 KQ

Enterococci 1 KQ Fecal Coliform 1 KQ Total Coliform 1 KQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100ml) Table 53. Alapaha River Rise bacteriological analysis.

### Holton Creek Rise

Location -Lat. 30° 26’ 16.51” N., Long. 83° 03’ 27.41” W. (NE1⁄4 SE1⁄4 SW1⁄4 sec. 31, T. 1 N., R. 13 E.). The Holton Creek Rise is 11 miles (17.7 km) northwest of Live Oak on SRWMD land. From the intersection of US 90 and CR 249 in Live Oak, drive northwest on CR 249 (Noble’s Ferry Road) approximately 12 miles (19.6 km) to the bridge over the Suwannee River. From the bridge travel approximately 0.3 (0.5 km) mile to the second right graded road. Follow SRWMD signs to Holton Creek. The spring is at the head of the creek.
Description - The spring pool measures 225 ft (68.6 m) northwest to southeast and 177 ft (53.9 m) northeast to southwest. Along the north shore, a vertical limestone ledge drops quickly off to a depth of 100 ft (30.5 m); however, the bottom is highly irregular in the rest of the depression. The water is dark and tannic (water was reported as clear in Rosenau et al., 1977). There is very little aquatic and emergent vegetation in the spring pool. No boilwas observed during October 2001. The spring has steep sandy banks that rise to approximately 25 ft (7.6 m) above water level, and the high ground is forested with pines and oaks.Holton Creek Rise discharges through Holton Creek, a run that meanders generally southeast approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) to the Suwannee River.

Utilization -Land around the spring is pristine and owned by the SRWMD. The Florida National Scenic Trail winds along the north side of Holton Creek. BULLETIN NO. 66



### 115 Figure 58. Holton Creek Rise (photo by T. Scott).

### Discharge— All discharge rates are measured in ft 3

### /s. February 13, 1976 482 (1) 

### March 31, 1976 313 (1) 

### April 28, 1976 69 (1) 

### June 8, 1998 167 (4) 

### December 7, 2001 0 (2) FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 116 

### Unfilt. Filter Unfilt. Filter Field Measures Metals Temperature 22.1 - Ca 35.6 41.7 DO 0.49 - K 0.85 1 pH 7.00 - Na 5.65 5.3 Sp. Cond. 290 - Mg 7.5 9 Lab Analytes As 3 U 3 U BOD 0.6 AI - Al - 130 I Turbidity 2 - B 25 U - Color 140 - Cd 0.75 U 0.75 U Alkalinity 115 J 115 Co 0.75 U - Sp. Cond. 300 - Cr 2 U 2 U TDS 213 - Cu 2.5 U 2.5 U TSS 4 U - Fe 420 500 Cl 6.6 6.5 Mn 30.4 35.8 SO 4 

### 31 30 Ni 1.5 U 1.5 U F 0.17 0.14 Pb 5 U 4 U Nutrients Se 4 U 4 U TOC 17 - Sn 10 U - NO3 + NO2 0.004 U 0.004 U Sr 101 - NH3 + NH4 0.13 J 0.13 Zn 5 U 5 U TKN 0.56 J 0.55 A P 0.15 0.15 PO 4 

### 0.16 - A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Estimated Q= exceeded hold time limit Analytes 2001 Analytes 2001 Table 54. Holton Creek Rise water quality analysis.

Analyte Value Escherichia coli 1KQ

Enterococci 12Q Fecal Coliform 2Q Total Coliform 10Q Bacteria Results (in #/100 ml) Table 55. Holton Creek Rise bacteriological analysis.

### Rossetter Spring

Location

– Lat. 30° 32’ 40.78” N., Long. 83° 15’ 00.20” W. (NE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec. 30, T. 2N., R. 11 E.). Rossetter Spring is on the east side of the Withlacoochee River approximately 11 miles (18 km) northeast of Madison. From the intersection of SR 53 and SR 6 in Madison, travel east on SR 6 approximately 11.6 miles (18.6 km) to the intersection with CR 143, which is approximately 1.5 miles (2.4 km) past the bridge over the Withlacoochee River.Turn north (left) onto CR 143 and travel approximately 4.1 miles (6.6 km) to the intersection with Florida Campsite Road. Turn west (left) and travel approximately 3 miles to the boat landing. The spring can be accessed by boating approximately 4.2 miles (6.8 km) upstream from the boat ramp off CR 143 and Florida Campsite Road.
Description – Rossetter Spring emerges directly from a small cave at the base of 25 ft (7.6 m) high limestone and sand banks. The small, circular pool is 15 ft (4.6 m) in diameter. Thedepth of the spring measured near the cave opening is 4.5 ft (1.4 m). The water was slightly turbid, greenish colored, and had abundant filamentous algae in August 2002. The shallow run is L-shaped and it flows 60 ft (18.3 m) south then turns sharply west, flowing another 60 ft (18.3 m) until reaching the river. It has a sand and rock bottom with some detritus deposition. There is a 3 ft (0.9 m) high, man-made, limestone wall at the mouth of the spring run intended to capture water for swimming. During the August 2002 visit, the Withlacoochee River was at historically low levels, and the rock wall was entirely exposed BULLETIN NO. 66



### 117 Figure 59. Rossetter Spring (photo by H. Means).

### with only a small amount of spring water trickling through the cracks. State-ownedland around the spring supports a well managed pine forest.

Utilization – The spring is undeveloped and surrounded by state land. Discharge – No discharge measurements are available. FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 118 

### Dissolved Total Dissolved Total Field Measures Metals Temperature 39 35.8J DO K 2.6 2.3 pH Na 30.1 27.1 Sp. Cond. Mg 6.4 5.9 Lab Analytes Al - 5U BOD - 0.2AU As 3U 3U Turbidity - 0.60 B - 22 Color - 5.0 Cd 0.5U 0.5U Alkalinity - 131.0 Co - 1U Sp. Cond. 384A - Cr 2U 2U TDS - 224.0 Cu 2.6U 2U TSS - 4U Fe 23 40 Cl - 9.1 Mn 5.79 6.8 SO4 

### - 50.0 Ni 1U 1.5U F - 0.18 Pb 5U 5U Nutrients Ra-226

- - TOC - 3.2I Ra-228

- - NO 3

### + NO 2 

### as N - 0.16 Se 13I 7U NH 3 

### + NH4 

### - 0.015I Sn - 28U TKN 0.12I 0.15I Sr - 75.4 P 0.14 0.130 Zn 2.2U 2U PO 4 

### 0.13 - NO 3 

### - - A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit 

### 390 24.75 0.45 7.08 2002 Analytes Analytes 2002

Ca Table 56. Rossetter Spring water quality analysis.

Analyte Value Enterococci 8 Fecal Coliform 1K

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) Table 57. Rossetter Spring

bacteriological analysis.

### HERNANDO COUNTY BULLETIN NO. 66



### 119 Figure 60. Springs visited by FGS in Hernando County.

### Gator Spring

Location

- Lat. 28° 26’ 02.75” N., Long. 82° 39’ 05.61” W. (SE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec. 36, T. 23 S., R. 16 E.). Gator Spring is located 0.8 miles (1.3 km) west of Aripeka near the head of the south fork of Hammock Creek.
Description – Gator Spring has an elongated spring pool measuring 114 ft (34.7 m) northeast to southwest and 195 ft (59.4 m) north to south. The spring pool ranges from 3 ft (0.9m) to 7 ft (2.1 m) deep. This spring bottom is sand. The pool has been altered to form a swimming pond; however, there is no evidence of recent use. There was no boil over the spring vent in the west side of the pool in January 2003. The water is clear with a greenish hue. Algae are both suspended in the water and attached to substrates. There is aquatic andemergent vegetation in and around the spring pool. There is a small culvert on the northwest side of the pool that drains the meager flow from the spring and channels the waterthrough an earthen dam into the spring run. Some limestone boulders occur near the culvert and the vent. Gator Spring Run is a small, narrow, sand-bottomed stream that flows southwest for approximately 350 ft (106.7 m) and enters upper Magnolia Spring Run, just below Magnolia Spring. There is a private residence approximately 350 ft (106.7 m) west ofGator spring, or 300 ft (91.4 m) north of Magnolia Spring. Formerly cleared land surrounding Gator Spring is now overgrown with dense brush. FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 120 Figure 61. Gator Spring (photo by R. Means).

### Utilization

– The spring is located on private property and is inaccessible to the public. Discharge

– January 7, 2003 0.36 ft 3

### /s (2) BULLETIN NO. 66



### 121 Dissolved Total Dissolved Total Field Measures Metals Temperature 44.5A 45.3 DO K 0.32A 0.32 pH Na 5.2 4.68 Sp. Cond. Mg 3.7A 3.7 Lab Analytes Al - 10U BOD - 0.29I As 3U 3U Turbidity - 0.25 B - 10U Color

- 5U Cd 0.5U 0.5U Alkalinity - 115 Co - 1U Sp. Cond. 256.0 - Cr 2I 2.5I TDS - 149.0 Cu 3.5U 4U TSS

- 4U Fe 5U 7U Cl

- 10 Mn 0.63I 0.5U SO4 

### - 9.8 Ni 2U 2U F - 0.064 Pb 5U 5U Nutrients Ra-226

- 0.7 TOC

- 1U Ra-228 - 0.9U NO 3 + 

### NO 2 

### as N - 0.49 Se 8U 8U NH 3 + 

### NH4 

### - 0.041 Sn - 4U TKN 0.092I 0.06U Sr - 226 P 0.015U 0.015U Zn 2.5U 4U PO 4 

### 0.006I - NO 3 

### - - A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit 

### 272 18.63 4.69 8.12 2003 Analytes Analytes 2003



### Ca Table 58. Gator Spring water quality analysis.

Analyte Value Enterococci 2Q Fecal Coliform 8Q

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) Table 59. Gator Spring bacteriological analysis.

### Little Spring

Location

- Lat. 28° 30’ 48.47” N., Long. 82° 34’ 51.70” W. (NE 1⁄4 NW 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec. 2, T. 23 S., R. 17 E.). Little Spring is located within the town of Weeki Wachee, approximately 0.5 miles (0.8 km) southeast of Weeki Wachee Main Spring. The spring is located in back of the main parking lot adjacent south of Weeki Wachee Main Spring. A sand track leads to the spring beyond a locked gate. The spring is surrounded by a locked chain link fence and is not accessible to the public.
Description – Little Spring is also known as Twin Dees Spring. The spring pool measures 36 ft (10.9 m) east to west and 75 ft (22.8 m) north to south. Two vent openings occupy the oval spring pool. The spring measures 13 ft (3.9 m) deep over the south vent. The spring water is clear and blue-greenish. There was a moderate boil on the water surface over thesouth vent where water samples were taken in March 2003. The north vent was not flowing during either of the visits. Two spring runs that eventually merge exit the spring pool and flow generally northward into the Weeki Wachee River. The smaller of the two runs exits the pool on the west, and the larger exits on the north side. The surroundings to the east are recently cleared upland sand hills. To the west is a dense swamp forest along the Weeki Wachee River. In the Spring of 2002, Little Spring was not flowing, and the spring run was dry. By March 2003, the spring was again flowing, and the spring run averaged about 10 ft (3.0 m) wide and 1.5 ft (0.5 m) deep. An underwater cave has been mapped in this spring. FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 122 Figure 62. Little Spring (photo by R. Means).BULLETIN NO. 66



### 123 Dissolved Total Field Measures Temperature - - 24.5 23.5 D O

---- pH 7.8 8.0 7.7

- Sp. Cond.

---- Lab Analytes B OD ----- 0.2U Turbidity

----- 0.15 Color 2 3 0

- - 5U Alkalinity 160 130 130 - - 140 Sp. Cond. 268 265 260 286 316.0 - TD S 1 6 8- - - - 176.0 TS S - - - - -4U Cl 5.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 - 7.8A SO4 6.8 6.4 6.8

- - 9A F 0.1 0.1 0.1

- - 0.12I Nutrients TOC - - - - -1 U NO 3 + NO 2 as N

--- - 0.71 NH 3 + NH4 ---- - 0.01U TKN ---- 0.086I 0.06U P

---- 0.011 0.01 PO 4 ---- 0.01I - NO 3 0.00 1.0 0.10 -

- - Metals Ca 48 47 48 - 52.8A 54.1 K 0.2 0.3 0.4 - 0.32A 0.33 Na 3.2 3.0 3.0 - 3.8I 4.1 Mg 3.9 5.0 4.5 - 5.4A 5.5 Al - - - - -22U A s - - - -3 U 9.6U B ----- 17I Cd

---- 0.5U 0.5U Co ----- 1U Cr - - - -2U 2U Cu
---- 3.5U 4U Fe - - - -29I 3 7 I Mn

---- 1.04A 0.62I Ni - - - -2U 2U Pb - - - -5 U 5 U Ra-226 - - - - -0

. 3 Ra-228

----- 0.9U S e - - - -8U 8U S n - - - - -4U Sr

- - - - 194 Zn

---- 2.5U 4U A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit 315 23.65 1.45 7.55 1965 1972 2003 Analytes 1962 1964 Table 60. Little Spring water quality analysis.

### Utilization

- The spring is undeveloped and surrounded by SWFWMD land. There is no public access. Discharge

– All discharge rates are measured in ft 3

### /s. December 15, 1972 7.8 (1) 

### December 11, 1975 14.7 (1) 

### March 5, 2003 5.22 (2) FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 124 Analyte Value Enterococci 1KQ Fecal Coliform 1KQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) Table 61. Little Spring bacteriological analysis.

### Magnolia Spring

Location

- Lat. 28° 26’ 01.93” N., Long. 82° 39’ 08.96” W. (SW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec. 36, T. 23 S., R. 16 E.). Magnolia Spring is located 0.7 miles (1.1 km) west of Aripeka at the head of the south fork of Hammock Creek.
Description – Magnolia Spring sits in an oval depression measuring 45 ft (13.7 m) north to south and 54 ft (16.5 m) east to west. The spring pool is shallow, averaging 4 ft (1.2 m) deep. The water is clear and light blue, with little aquatic vegetation covering a sand bottom. There is a private residence approximately 300 ft (91.4 m) to the north. At least a dozen small sand boils are visible on the spring bottom. Gator Spring Run enters Magnolia Springs Run from the northeast approximately 75 ft (22.9 m) downstream from the spring head. Magnolia Springs Run is clear and sand-bottomed. It averages 20 ft (6.1 m) wide and 3 ft (0.9 m) deep with frequent constrictions and shallow areas. There is a small private boat/canoe shack standing on the northwest side of the spring pool. The spring and its run are within a heavily wooded, lowland swamp. The two springs form the headwaters of the south fork of Hammock Creek.

Utilization

– The spring is located within private property and is inaccessible to the public. BULLETIN NO. 66



### 125 Figure 63. Magnolia Spring (photo by R. Means).FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 126 Dissolved Total Field Measures Temperature -

- 24 DO

- - - pH 8.2 7.5

- Sp. Cond.

- - - Lab Analytes BOD

- - - - 0.2U Turbidity

- - - - 0.1 Color 10 30

- - 5U Alkalinity 110 110

- - 112 Sp. Cond. 388 395 450 453.0 - TDS 230

- - - 266.0 TSS

- - - - 4U Cl 52 53 65

- 75 SO4 13 13

- - 1 9 F 0.1 0.1

- - 0.066I Nutrients TOC

- - - - 1U NO 3 + NO 2 as N

- -- - 0.54 NH 3 + NH4 - -- - 0.01U TKN

- - - 0.093I 0.06U P

- - - 0.015U 0.015U PO 4 - -- 0.055 - NO 3 0.20 1.1

- - - Metals Ca 43 42

- 42.7 44.7A K 1.2 1.8

- 1.7 1.6A Na 29 29

- 42.8 37.2A Mg 5.2 5.6

- 8 8.2A Al

- - - - 10U As

- - - 3U 3U B -

- - - 20I Cd

- - - 0.5U 0.5U Co - - - -1 U Cr

- - - 2U 2U Cu

- - - 3.5U 4U Fe 210 60

- 5U 7U Mn

- - - 0.25U 0.5U Ni

- - - 2U 2U Pb

- - - 5U 5U Ra-226

- - - - 0.5 Ra-228

- - - - 1.1 Se

- - - 8U 8U Sn

- - - - 5.5I Sr

- - - - 290 Zn

- - - 2.5U 4U A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit 2003 Analytes

499 23.51 1.15 7.67 1964 1965 1972 Table 62. Magnolia Spring water quality analysis.

### Discharge

– All discharge rates are measured in ft 3

### /s. April 30, 1964 11.0 (1) 

### July 24, 1964 7.92 (1) 

### September 13, 1964 9.12 (1) 

### February 4, 1965 9.35 (1) 

### August 5, 1965 10.0 (1) 

### December 12, 1972 0.86 (1) 

### January 7, 2003 0. 47 (2) BULLETIN NO. 66



### 127 Analyte Value Enterococci 1KQ Fecal Coliform 1KQ

Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) Table 63. Magnolia Spring bacteriological analysis.

### Hernando Salt Spring

Location

- Lat. 28° 32’ 46.75” N., Long. 82° 37’ 08.28” W. (NW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec. 29, T. 22 S., R. 17 E.). Hernando Salt Spring is located 3 miles (4.8 km) northwest of Weeki Wachee. From the intersection of US 19 with SR 50 and SR 550 in Weeki Wachee head west on SR 50/550 (Cortez Boulevard) approximately 3.4 miles (5.5 km) to the intersection with SR 595. Continue west (straight) 0.2 miles (0.3 km) west of the T-shaped intersection with SR 595. The spring is 200 ft (61 m) south (left side) of SR 50/550.
Description – Hernando Salt Spring, at the head of Salt Creek, has a circular spring pool with a diameter of 60 ft (18.2 m). The pool is 46.5 ft (14.2 m) deep. The spring emerges froma cavern in limestone. Exposed limestone in the spring has a soft, chalky texture. Most limestone and sand substrates are covered in thick iron-reducing bacterial mats and algae.Another smaller vent is located at the north end of the pool. The saline water is blue-greenish with slight murkiness. Several logs are submerged within the spring pool, and one of the logs has the remains of an old platform. The spring is tidally influenced, and the size of the boil in the center may fluctuate depending on tides. The spring run flows southwest for about 1 mile (1.6 km) into Mud River and averages approximately 30 ft (9.1 m) wide and 4ft (1.2 m) deep. Land surrounding Hernando Salt Spring is low-lying, and the spring is situated within a subtropical hardwood and palm hammock. An underwater cave system occurs at Hernando Salt Spring. Depths within the cave system reach 170 ft (51.8 m) (Rosenau et al., 1977).

Utilization

– The spring is undeveloped and surrounded by privately owned lands. FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 128 Figure 64. Hernando Salt Spring (photo by R. Means).BULLETIN NO. 66



### 129 Dissolved Total Field Measures Temperature - 25 24.0 D O

--- pH 7.6 7.3

- Sp. Cond.

- - - Lab Analytes B OD ---- 0.2U Turbidity

---- 31.0 Color 2 5

- - 20.0 Alkalinity - 130 - - 129.0 Sp. Cond. 3280 1800 6430 17000.0 - TDS 2180 -

- - 8000Q TS S - - - -3 1 A Cl 1000 490 1900.0 - 5600.0 SO 4 140 73

- - 750.0 F 0.2 0.1

- - 0.22 Nutrients TOC - - - -1 U NO 3 + NO 2---- 0.38J NH 3+ NH4 ---- 0.052 TKN

- - - 0.26 0.23 P

- - - 0.14J 0.031I PO 4 - - - 0.017 - NO 3 0.4 0.5

--- Metals Ca 64 56 - 149 167.0 K 21 9.8 - 112 113.00 Na 540 260 - 2990 3020.0 Mg 68 43 - 338 344.0 Al - - - -5 0U As

- - - 3.7I 18.0 B 1290.0 Cd

- - - 0.5U 0.5U Co 0.75U Cr

- - - 2U 2.7I Cu

- - - 3U 3U Fe

- - - 142 3200.0 Mn

- - - 2.3 29.2 Ni

- - - 2U 2U Pb

- - - 3U 5U Ra-226 - - - -4

. 4 Ra-228 - - - -1

. 7 Se

- - - 4U 4U S n - - - -7 U S r

---- 2590.0 Zn

- - - 24U 26U A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit 1.27 7.31 15500 1972 2002 Analytes

23.86 1965 1962 Table 64. Hernando Salt Spring water quality analysis.

### Discharge

– All discharge rates are measured in ft 3

### /s. January 18, 1961 24.7 (1) 

### December 8, 1965 38.9 (1) 

### June 30, 1966 28.4 (1) 

### December 14, 1972 31.9 (1) 

### December 11, 1975 31.2 (1) 

### Annual Mean 1988-1989 33.0 (5) FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 130 Analyte Value Enterococci 1KQ Fecal Coliform 1KQ Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) Table 65. Hernando Salt Spring bacteriological analysis.

### Weeki Wachee Spring

Location -Lat. 28° 31’ 01.89” N., Long. 82° 34’ 23.40” W. (NE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec. 2, T. 23 S., R. 17 E.). The spring is located in the town of Weeki Wachee on the west side of US 19. From the intersection of US 19 and SR 50, drive south 0.2 miles (0.3 km). Turn west (right) into Weeki Wachee Springs Park parking lot. The spring vent is in the large pool used for mermaid shows.
Description -Weeki Wachee Spring discharges from the bottom of a conical depression with gentle side slopes. The spring pool measures 165 ft (50.3 m) east to west and 210 ft (64 m) north to south. Spring depth is 45 ft (13.7 m) over the vent in the center of the pool. Bare limestone is located near the vent, but none is exposed around the pool edges. The water isclear and light greenish blue, and a boil is visible in the center of the pool. Thick, filamentous algae cover the majority of the spring bottom, and there are some native aquatic grasses in the spring pool. The spring is rich with fresh and salt water fishes and aquatic turtles. The Weeki Wachee River flows westward approximately 5 miles (8 km) into the Gulf of Mexico. The river flows through low-lying, densely forested swamp. The nearest high ground east of the spring is rolling sand hills terrain and gently rises to 15 ft (4.6 m) abovethe water level. All uplands and land adjacent to spring are developed. U.S. 19 is approximately 225 ft (68.6 m) east of the spring.

Utilization -Weeki Wachee Spring is extensively developed into a tourist attraction that features underwater mermaid shows with a submerged observation area. It was recently BULLETIN NO. 66



### 131 Figure 65. Weeki Wachee Spring (photo by R. Means).

### purchased from private ownership by the Southwest Florida Water Management District (SWFWMD). The District leases the land to a private firm for thecontinuation of the mermaid shows. Shops and facilities are located all around the spring. Discharge—Historically, discharge for Weeki Wachee Springs was measured at the Weeki Wachee River and include the flow of Weeki Wachee Springs, Little Springs, Unknown Spring No. 3, and flow from the bed of the river and the run from Little Springs. All discharge rates are measured in ft 3

### /s. Average 1917 – 1974 176 (1) 

### (364 measurements) Maximum (October 19, 1964) 275 (1) 

### Minimum (24, 1956) 101 (1) 

### October 18, 2001 161 (7) 

### estimate is provisional. FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 132 Unfilt. Filter Unfilt. Filter Field Measures Metals Temperature - 24.0 21.5 23.7 - Ca 44 48 50 49.5 50.7 DO - 2.0 - 1.3 - K 0.3 5.0 0.6 0.31 0.32 pH 7.9 8.0 7.7 7.7 - Na 3.0 3.2 4.0 3.78 3.93 Sp. Cond. 262 275 284 320 - Mg 7.8 5.0 6.0 5.9 6 Lab Analytes As - - 7 3 U 3 U BOD - - - 0.76 I - Al - - - - 75 U Turbidity - - - 0.4 - B - - - 25 U - Color 3 5 1 5U - Cd - - 0 0.75 U 0.75 U Alkalinity 130 130 140 147 147 Co - - - 0.75 U - Sp. Cond. - - - 320 - Cr - - - 2 U 2 U TDS - - - 176 - Cu - - 1 2.5 U 2.5 U TSS - - - 4U

- Fe 0 10 10 35 U 35 U Cl 4.0 8.0 4.6 6.7 6.6 A Mn - - 0 0.5 U 0.5 U SO 4 6.4 9.6 7.4 9.2 9.2 A Ni - - 14 2 U 2 U F 0 0.1 0.1 0.084 I 0.1 Pb - - 1 5 U 4 U Nutrients Se - - - 4 U 4 U TOC - - - 1U - Sn - - - 10 U

- NO3 + NO2 - - - 0.67 0.66 J Sr - - 150 174 - NH3 + NH4 - - - 0.01 U 0.01 U Zn - - 0 5 U 5 U TKN - - - 0.06 U 0.06 U P - - - 0.005 I 0.007 I PO 4 - - - 0.005 I - 1974 2001

A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit 2001 Analytes 1964 1969

I=Value shown is less than the practical quantitation limit J=Estimated value Q=Exceeding holding time limit Analytes 1964 1969 1974 Table 66. Weeki Wachee Spring water quality analysis.

Analyte Value Escherichia coli 1KQ

Enterococci 1KQ Fecal Coliform 1KQ Total Coliform 1KQ Bacteria Results(in #/100ml) Table 67. Weeki Wachee

Spring bacteriological analysis.

### HILLSBOROUGH COUNTY BULLETIN NO. 66



### 133 Figure 66. Springs visited by FGS in Hillsborough County.

### Buckhorn Main Spring

Location

- Lat. 27° 53’ 21.81” N., Long. 82° 18’ 09.80” W. (NE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec. 9, T. 30S., R. 20 E.). The Buckhorn Main Spring is located approximately 1.6 miles (2.6 km) northeast of Riverview. The spring run flows into the Alafia River from the north 2.7 miles (4.3 km) upstream from the US 301 bridge in Riverview.
Description

– Buckhorn Main Spring pool is roughly circular and has a diameter of approximately 45 ft (13.7 m). It is 8.3 ft (2.5 m) deep. The vent consists of a cave entrance in limestone on the northwest side of the spring depression. Limestone and sand form the pool bottom. The water is clear and bluish. A prominent boil was present in April 2002. There is a rich aquatic plant community within the spring. The spring pool perimeter is entirely lined with concrete bags for erosion control, and there is a chain link fence around the pool and across the 15 ft (4.6 m) spring run. The spring is on the northwest side of Buckhorn Creek. Upstream from Buckhorn Main Spring, Buckhorn Creek was slightly tannic during the sampling visit. Downstream of the spring, Buckhorn Creek takes on a clear water spring run appearance, with a swift current and a sand bottom with exposed limestone. From Buckhorn Main Spring, Buckhorn Creek travels approximately 0.4 miles (0.6 km) to the Alafia River. There are two other springs in the vicinity of Buckhorn Springs calledBuckhorn Tributary Spring and Buckhorn Tributary Spring 3. All three springs are northwest of Buckhorn Creek and north of the Alafia River (Rosenau et al., 1977). Land risessteeply north of the spring to approximately 12 ft (3.7m) above spring water level, and a residence is visible a few hundred feet away. Land to the south is forested lowland associatedwith Buckhorn Creek. Buckhorn Main Spring has a water pumping facility owned by a ferFLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 134 Figure 67. Buckhorn Main Spring (photo by R. Means).BULLETIN NO. 66



### 135 Dissolved Total Field Measures Temperature 23.5 23.5 DO

- - pH 7.3 8 Sp. Cond.

- - Lab Analytes BOD

- - - 0.2U Turbidity

- - - 0.3 Color 5 5

- 5U Alkalinity 110 100 - 122 Sp. Cond. 424 416 484.0 - TDS 258 250 - 262 TSS

- - - 4U Cl 29 26 - 25.0 SO4 67 64 - 62.0 F 0.2 0.3 - 0.2A Nutrients TOC

- - - 1U NO 3 + NO 2as N

- - 2J NH 3+ NH4 - - - 0.01U TKN

- - 0.06U 0.06U P

- - 0.044 1.9A PO 4 - - 0.044 - NO 3 1.1 4.9

- - Metals Ca 56 50 56.8 63.9 K 0.8 0.8 0.67 0.7 Na 16 14 12 13.1 Mg 11 12 10.9 11.8 Al

- - - 50U As

- - 3U 3U B -

- - 20I Cd

- - 0.5U 0.5U Co -

- - 0.75U Cr

- - 2U 2U Cu

- - 3U 3U Fe

- - 25U 25U Mn

- - 0.5U 2I Ni

- - 2U 2U Pb

- - 3U 5U Ra-226

- - - 1.4 Ra-228

- - - 1U Se

- - 4U 4U Sn

- - - 7U Sr - 920 - 836.0 Zn

- - 1.5U 3U A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceedingholdingtime limit 455 1966 1972 2002 Analytes

24.70 1.43 7.48 Table 68. Buckhorn Main Spring water quality analysis.

### tilizer company just west of the pool and a platform suspended over the spring with a water extraction tube running into the vent.

Utilization – The spring is owned by a fertilizer company that uses a portion of the spring water for industrial purposes. A locked fence surrounds the spring and also blocks access from the spring run, no public access is allowed. Discharge

- All discharge rates are in ft 3

### /s Maximum 15.7 (5) 

### Average 11.3 (5) 

### June 2, 1966 10.9 (1) 

### June 5, 1972 15.0 (1) FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 136 Analyte Value Enterococci 1KQ Fecal Coliform 1KQ Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) Table 69. Buckhorn Main Spring bacteriological analysis.

### Lithia Spring Major

Location

- Lat. 27° 51’ 58.60” N., Long. 82° 13’ 53.29” W. (SW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec. 17, T. 30 S., R. 21 E.). The spring is within Lithia Springs County Park, 5.5 miles (8.9 km) southeast of Brandon. From the intersection of SR 60 and SR 640, drive south from Brandon on SR 640 (Lithia Rd) approximately 6.4 miles (10.3 km) to the bridge over the Alafia River. Travel 0.6 miles (1.0 km) past the bridge over the Alafia River, and turn west (right) onto Lithia Springs Rd. and follow the road 1.5 miles (2.4 km) to the park.
Description – Lithia Spring Major is situated within a large, man-modified, spring pool. The pool measures 168 ft (51.2 m) north to south and 180 ft (54.9 m) east to west, and depthmeasured over the vent is 8.2 ft (2.5). The water is clear and blue-greenish. The pool bottom is sand with a limited exposure of limestone near the vent. The spring pool has steepretaining walls with several access stairways leading down into the water. The entire bottom of Lithia Spring Major is bare white sand with sparse algae resulting from use. The vent in the center of the pool is covered by a barred metal barricade to prevent entry. Spring water discharges through the bars and a boil was present on the pool surface in April 2002. The clear, sandy spring run exits east and flows approximately 200 ft (61 m), then turns south flowing approximately 750 ft (228.6 m) into the tannic Alafia River. There are some algae and other aquatic vegetation in the run. Land around Lithia Major is a developedcounty park. Lithia Spring Minor joins the Alafia River approximately 100 ft (30.5 m) downstream from the mouth of Lithia Spring Major. BULLETIN NO. 66



### 137 Figure 68. Lithia Spring Major (photo by R. Means).FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 138 Dissolved Total Field Measures Temperature 21 24.5 24

- D O

---- pH

- 7.5 7.2 7.7 Sp. Cond.

---- Lab Analytes B OD ----- 0.2U Turbidity

----- 0.05U Color

- 5 0 10

- 5U Alkalinity - - 100 110 - 121.0 Sp. Cond. - 469 403 468 474A - TDS 331 285 257 284 - 264A TS S - - - - -4U Cl 23 21 21 22 - 26.0 SO4 93 86 61 79 - 56.0 F - 0.3 0.6 0.4 - 0.22 Nutrients TOC - - - - - 1U NO 3 + NO 2 as N - - -2

. 4 - 3 J NH 3+ NH4 ---- - 0.01U TKN ---- 0.06U 0.06U P

---- 0.055A 0.060 PO 4 ---- 0.059 - NO 3 0.8 0.7 6

- - - Metals Ca 65 62 57 58 58.3 64.1A K - 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.76 0.78A Na

- 14 10 12 11.7 12.6A Mg 14 10 9.6 11 8.6 9.2A Al - - - - -5 0U A s - - - -3 U 3 U B ----- 23A Cd

---- 0.5U 0.5U Co ----- 0.75U Cr - - - -2U 2U Cu - - - -3 U 3 U Fe 150 40 0 - 25U 25U Mn

---- 0.5U 0.5U Ni - - - -2U 2U Pb - - - -3 U 5 U Ra-226 - - - - -1

. 0 Ra-228 - - - - -1 U S e - - - -4U 4U S n - - - - -7 U Sr

- - 1100 1300 - 929A Zn

- - - 1.5U 3U A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit 2002 Analytes

25.1 July 1923 4/30/1946 4/23/1968 10/10/1972

2.01 7.39 457 Table 70. Lithia Spring Major water quality analysis.

### Utilization – The spring is within a county park with full facilities and a lifeguard on duty. Discharge

- All discharge rates are measured in ft 3

### /s. Minimum 0.73 (5) 

### Maximum 69.4 (5) 

### Average 30.5 (5) BULLETIN NO. 66



### 139 Analyte Value Enterococci 1KQ Fecal Coliform 1KQ Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) Table 71. Lithia Spring Major water quality analysis.

### Sulphur Spring FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 140 Figure 69. Sulphur Spring circa 1930 (anonymous).

Figure 70. Sulphur Spring (photo by R. Means).

### Location

- Lat. 28° 01’ 16.08” N., Long. 82° 27’ 5.89” W. (NE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 NE 1⁄4 sec. 25, T. 28 S., R. 18 E.). Sulphur Spring is located in a city park within the City of Tampa. From the Sligh Avenue exit on I-275, drive 0.12 miles (0.2 km) east on Sligh Avenue to US 41 (Nebraska Avenue). Turn north (left) on US 41 and go 0.8 miles (1.3 km) to Bird Street. Turn west (left) on Bird Street and go 0.1 miles (0.12 km) to the Sulphur Springs parking lot entrance which is on the south side of Bird Street.
Description – Sulphur Spring has been highly altered from its natural condition into a circular pool enclosed by concrete walls. The diameter of the pool is 90 ft (27.4 m). The pool is uniformly about 15 ft (4.6 m) deep with a limestone and sand bottom. Rosenau et al. (1977) report a maximum depth of 30 ft (9.1 m). The water is slightly murky and greenish colored. Algae are abundant in the pool. Spring outflow is southeast, cascading over a 7 ft (2.1 m)high weir. The falls continue for approximately 50 ft (15.2 m), and the rest of the run travels approximately 600 ft (182.8 m) to the Hillsborough River. The spring run is sand-bottomed and algae-laden. A hydrogen sulfide odor is associated with the spring. There is a City of Tampa water pumping facility on the west side of the pool where a large metal pipe discharges water forcefully into the spring. The facility pumps a portion of the spring flow for municipal use, and the other portion is rerouted out the pipe into the pool. The spring itself is closed to swimming, but the surrounding area is developed into a swimming andrecreation park with a large swimming pool just a few feet east of the spring pool. Park personnel report that the spring’s cave system has been explored by divers and heads northward under the city. Divers have connected the cave system to several nearby sinkholes. No swimming is allowed in the spring or spring run.

Utilization

- The actual spring pool is fenced and a portion of the spring water is extracted for municipal uses. The area around the spring has been developed into an urban recreation area. Discharge

– Discharge rates are measured in ft 3

### /s. 15 Year Mean 44 (1) 

### May 11, 1971 (Min) 3.81 (1) 

### August 3, 1945 (Max) 163 (1) 

### Annual Mean 1999 38.9 (7) BULLETIN NO. 66



### 141 Analyte Value Enterococci 480Q Fecal Coliform 180Q Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) Table 72. Sulphur Spring bacteriological analysis.FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 142 Dissolved Total Field Measures Temperature - - - 25.0 DO

---- pH 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.8 Sp. Cond.

- - - - Lab Analytes BOD - - - - - 0.2U Turbidity - - - - - 0.25 Color 10 28 10 15 - 5.0 Alkalinity - 120 130 140 - 170 Sp. Cond. 259 1030 1190 1240 2100.0 - TDS - - - 700 - 1180.0 TSS

- - - - - 4U Cl 160 200 220 230.0 - 490.0 SO 4 60 79 84 100 - 170.0 F 0.1 0.2 0.2 - 0.150 Nutrients TOC - - - - - 3.1I NO 3 + NO 2 as N

--- 0.53 - 0.24J NH 3+ NH4

--- - - 0.013I TKN - - - - 0.28 0.30 P - - - - 0.094 0.094 PO 4 --- - 0.1

- NO 3 1.5 0 2.7 2.3 -

- Metals Ca 64 77 84 93 126 129.0 K 3.4 - 4.4 4.4 9 9.60 Na 86 - 120 140 264 259.0 Mg 12 13 15 18 28.8 32.1 Al - - - - - 50U As - - - - 3U 3U B - - - - - 73.0 Cd - - - - 0.5U 0.5U Co - - - - - 0.75U Cr - - - - 2U 2U Cu - - - - 5.1I 9.4I Fe 20 20 0 - 25U 25U Mn - - - - 21.6 24.1 Ni - - - - 4U 4U Pb - - - - 3U 5U Ra-226

- - - - - 2.5 Ra-228

- - - - - 1U Se - - - - 4U 4U Sn

- - - - - 7U Sr - - - 2000 - 1500.0 Zn - - - - 1.5U 3U A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit 2190 25.31 4.02 7.01 1956 1946 2002 Analytes 1972 1966 Table 73. Sulphur Spring water quality analysis.

### HOLMES COUNTY BULLETIN NO. 66



### 143 Figure 71. Springs visited by FGS in Holmes County.

### Holmes Blue Spring

Location

– Lat. 30° 51’ 06.03” N., Long. 85° 53’ 09.05” W. (NE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec. 12, T. 5 N., R. 17 W.). Holmes Blue Spring is located on the west bank of the Choctawhatchee River 1.4 miles (2.3 km) northeast of the community of Cerrogordo. Exit I-10 at SR 279 and turn north toward Caryville. Go 1 mile (1.6 km) to the intersection of SR 279 and US 90. Turn west (left) and drive 2.5 miles (4 km) to the intersection of US 90 and SR 179A/181. Turn north (right) and follow 179A for 5 miles (8 km) to Cerrogrodo. In Cerrogordo, turn east (right) toward the river and follow signs to boat ramp about 0.5 miles (0.8 km). From the public boat ramp in Cerrogordo, travel 1.5 miles (2.4 km) upstream on the Choctawhatchee River to the mouth of the spring. The narrow spring run flows in from the northwest (left) bank.
Description – Holmes Blue Spring has a circular spring pool that measures 30 ft (9.1 m) in diameter. The vent is a deep, vertical, steep-walled opening in limestone over which the depth measures 29.2 ft (8.9 m). The spring sits in a conical, circular depression with 8 ft (2.4m) high clay banks. Limestone is exposed near the circular vent in the center of the depression. Its waters are bluish and crystal clear. A copious boil emerges over the vent, and water flows approximately 3 in. (7.6 cm) higher that the surrounding spring surface. Thereare a few sticks and logs on the sand, clay, and limestone bottom. There is no aquatic vegetation in the spring or its run. The short spring run averages 3 ft (0.9 m) deep and flows FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 144 Figure 72. Holmes Blue Spring (photo by R. Meegan).

### 150 ft (45.7 m) southeast into the murky brown Choctawhatchee River. Spring-water levels are closely tied to fluctuations of the nearby river. The spring run is under a forest canopy within the heavily wooded river floodplain.

Utilization – Holmes Blue Spring is undeveloped and exists in a natural condition. Discharge – Discharge is measured in ft 3

### /s. December 3, 2002 13. 67 (2) BULLETIN NO. 66



### 145 Dissolved Total Dissolved Total Field Measures Metals Temperature Ca 34.2 34.7 DO K 0.38 0.38 pH Na 1.84 1.80 Sp. Cond. Mg 5.1 5.2 Lab Analytes Al - 10U BOD - 0.2U As 6U 6U Turbidity

- 0.1 B - 14U Color

- 5U Cd 0.5U 0.5U Alkalinity - 102 Co - 1U Sp. Cond. 207.0 - Cr 2U 2U TDS - 114.0 Cu 6U 4U TSS

- 4U Fe 18U 7.8I Cl

- 2.7 Mn 0.25U 0.61I SO4 

### - 1.2 Ni 1I 2U F - 0.075I Pb 5U 5U Nutrients Ra-226 - 0.3U TOC

- 1U Ra-228 - 0.8U NO 3 + 

### NO 2 

### as N - 0.46 Se 24U 24U NH 3 + 

### NH4 

### - 0.013I Sn - 18U TKN 0.074I 0.12U Sr

- 44 P 0.029I 0.025I Zn 1.7I 6U PO 4 

### 0.024 - NO 3 

### - - A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit 

### 2002 Analytes Analytes 2002

211 20.06 4.95 7.79 Table 74. Holmes Blue Spring water quality analysis.

Analyte Value Enterococci 2Q Fecal Coliform 2Q Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) Table 75. Holmes Blue Spring bacteriological analysis.

### Ponce de Leon Springs

Location

– Lat. 30° 43’ 16.33” N., Long. 85° 55’ 50.47” W. (NW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 sec. 27, T. 4 N., R. 17 W.). The springs are located within the Ponce de Leon State Park in the town of Ponce de Leon. From the I-10 exit at SR 81, travel north on SR 81 for 1 mile (1.6 km) then turn east (right) on US 90 and travel 0.6 miles (1 km) to the intersection with CR 181A. Turn south (right) on CR 181A and travel 0.6 miles (1 km) to the state park entrance on the right.
Description – Ponce de Leon Springs has a crescent-shaped pool that measures 105 ft (32 m) north to south and 111 ft (33.8 m) east to west. There are at least three spring vents within the spring pool. The sampled vent is located in the northern section of the springpool. The depth throughout the pool averages approximately 5 ft (1.5 m) deep, but it measures as much as 16.0 ft (4.9 m) deep over the vents. The bottom is sand and limestone is exposed near the vents. The water is clear and light greenish blue. There is a slight boil overthe northern vent. There is sparse aquatic vegetation, but thick patches of algae are present on the bottom. Algal strands and particles also are suspended in the water. There are two cypress trees growing in the spring pool north and west of the sampled vent. Flow from the springs discharges over a weir designed to raise water levels in the spring pool suitable for swimming. There is a boardwalk over the weir that leads to hiking trails. The springrun exits the pool to the northwest. After a short distance, it veers back to the south, flowing into Sandy Creek approximately 350 ft (106.7 m) downstream. Land on the east side of the spring is a state recreation area developed for picnicking and swimming. From the FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 146 Figure 73. Ponce de Leon Springs (photo by R. Means).BULLETIN NO. 66



### 147 Dissolved Total Field Measures Temperature - 20.5 DO

- - pH

- 6.8 Sp. Cond.

- - Lab Analytes BOD - - - 0.2U Turbidity - - - 0.05U Color - 0 - 5U Alkalinity - 100 - 107 Sp. Cond. - 208 200.0 - TDS - 118 - 117.0 TSS

- - - 4U Cl 2.6 3.0 - 2.3I SO4 3.8 2.0

- 2.3 F - 0.1 - 0.067I Nutrients TOC - - - 1U NO 3 + NO 2 as N

- 0.14 - 0.24 NH3 as N

- - - 0.01U TKN

- - 0.06U 0.06U P

- - 0.022 0.028 PO4 - - 0.024 - NO 3 - 0.6

- - Metals Ca 30 30 32.1A 31.2 K 0.4 0.4 0.48A 0.46 Na 1.9 1.6 1.6I 1.4I Mg 9.2 7.4 7.8A 7.6 Al

- - - 75U As - - 3U 3U B -

- - 15U Cd

- - 0.5U 0.5U Co -

- - 0.75U Cr

- - 2U 2U Cu

- - 3.5U 3.5U Fe 0.27 - 35U 130I Mn

- - 0.5I 1.1I Ni

- - 4U 4U Pb

- - 3U 5U Ra-226

- - - 0.2U Ra-228

- - - 1.5 Se

- - 4U 4U Sn

- - - 10U Sr

- 40 - 44.9 Zn

- - 1.5U 2U A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit 2002 Analytes

180 19.88 3.44 7.53 1972 1927 Table 76. Ponce de Leon Springs water quality analysis.

### spring pool, land on this side gently rises to approximately 8 ft (2.4 m) above spring water level. West of the spring, there are walking trails that lead through a heavily forested area associated with Sandy Creek.

Utilization

- The spring is developed within a state park and is a popular swimming and picnic destination. Discharge

- All discharge rates are measured in ft 3

### /s. May 20, 1942 20.7 (1) 

### December 9, 1946 18.1 (1) 

### April 19, 1972 18.8 (1) 

### June 28, 2002 8. 83 (2) FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 148 Analyte Value Enterococci 1KQ Fecal Coliform 1KQ Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) Table 77. Ponce de Leon Springs bacteriological analysis.

### JACKSON COUNTY BULLETIN NO. 66



### 149 Figure 74. Springs visited by FGS in Jackson County.

### Baltzell Spring

Location

- Lat. 30° 49’ 50.16” N., Long. 85° 14’ 03.84” W. (NE 1⁄4 SW 1⁄4 SE 1⁄4 sec. 16, T. 5 N., R. 10 W.). Baltzell Spring is located approximately 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north of Marianna. From the intersection of US 90 and SR 166 (Jefferson Street) in Marianna, travel north for 2.6 miles (4.2 km) on SR 166 to the Florida Caverns State park entrance. Turn west (left) into the Florida Caverns State Park and travel 1.7 miles (2.7 km) to the boat landing on thenorth (right) side of the road. The spring and spring run are surrounded by private property but may be accessed by traveling 1 mile (1.6 km) upstream from the Florida Caverns State Park boat ramp on the Chipola River. The spring run enters the river from the east.
Description – Baltzell Spring is also referred to as Bosel or Bozel Spring. The spring pool measures 75 ft (22.9 m) north to south and 54 ft (16.5 m) east to west. The depth of the spring over the vent measures 14.0 ft (4.3 m). The water is light blue-green with a slightmurkiness. Limestone is exposed near the vent and a slight boil is present on the pool surface. There is an old collapsed dock on the east shore of the spring. A small spring run enters the spring pool from the north, and the combined flow from both exits to the south. The spring and its run support rich native aquatic vegetation. Baltzell Spring run flows south, then east for a total distance of approximately 800 ft (243.8 m) (Rosenau et al., 1977),before entering the Chipola River from the east. To the east, the ground rises to approximately 12 ft (4 m) above the water surface. An old house and cleared pasture are visible ashort distance to the east. Land west of the spring is comprised of the river and its floodplain swamp forest. There are at least three other springs in close proximity to Baltzell Spring that maybe collectively referred to as the Baltzell Springs Group. FLORIDA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY



### 150 Figure 75. Baltzell Spring (photo by R. Means).

### Utilization

- The spring is undeveloped and bordered by private lands. Discharge

- All discharge rates are measured in ft 3

### /s. August 16, 1973 72.8 (1) 

### March 22, 2002 48.76 (2) BULLETIN NO. 66



### 151 Dissolved Total Dissolved Total Field Measures Metals Temperature 20.5 Ca 48 51.6 50.7A DO

- K 0.4 0.44 0.42A pH 7.6 Na 2.4 2.4I 2.3I Sp. Cond.

- Mg 1.4 1.7 1.7A Lab Analytes Al - - 75U BOD - - 0.2AU As - 3U 3U Turbidity - - 1.2 B - - 15U Color 5 - 5U Cd - 0.5U 0.5U Alkalinity 120 - 127 Co - - 0.75U Sp. Cond. 270 300.0 - Cr - 2U 2U TDS 144 - 165 Cu - 3.5U 3.5U TSS - - 4U Fe - 35U 36I Cl 4 - 5.4A Mn - 0.78I 1.7I SO4 0.4 - 1.7A Ni - 2U 2U F 0 - 0.05I Pb - 3U 5U Nutrients Ra-226 - - 0.2U TOC - - 1I Ra-228 - - 4 NO 3 + NO 2as N 0.88 - 2.5 Se

- 4U 4U NH 3 - - 0.01U Sn - - 10U TKN - 0.11I 0.12I Sr 70 - 38.7A P - 0.026 0.028 Zn - 3.4U 2U PO 4 - 0.024 - NO 3 3.9

- - A=Average value U,K=Compound not detected, value shown is the method detection limit I=Value is less than practical quantitation limit J=Est value Q=Exceeding holding time limit 19.81 5.77 7.24 276 2002 Analytes Analytes 2002 1973 1973

Table 78. Baltzell Spring water quality analysis.

Analyte Value Enterococci 64Q Fecal Coliform 14Q Bacteria Results (in #/100 mL) Table 79. Baltzell Spring bacteriological analysis.