NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 198

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara Conrad, Editors

Volume 198

BOREAS TF-4 CO 2 and CH 4

Chamber Flux Data from the SSA

Dean Anderson, Robert Striegl and Kimberly Wickland

U.S. Geological Survey, Denver

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

October 2000

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010022990 2018-05-15T06:39:17+00:00Z
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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 198

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara Conrad, Editors

Volume 198

BOREAS TF-4 CO 2 and CH 4

Chamber Flux Data from the SSA

Dean Anderson, Robert Striegl and Kimberly Wickland

U.S. Geological Survey, Denver

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

October 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS TF-4 CO 2 and CH 4 Chamber Flux Data from the SSA

Dean Anderson, Robert Striegl, Kimbefly Wickland

Summary

The BOREAS TF-4 team measured fluxes of C02 and CH4 across the soil-air interface in four ages of

jack pine forest at the BOREAS SSA during August 1993 to March 1995. Gross and net flux of CO2

and flux of CI_ between soil and air are presented for 24 chamber sites in mature jack pine forest,

20-year-old, 4-year-old, and clear cut areas. The data are stored in tabular ASCII files.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TF-04 CO 2 and CH4 Chamber Flux Data from the SSA

1.2 Data Set Introduction

Data presented in this document were collected at the Old Jack Pine (OJP) and Young Jack Pine

(YJP) tower flux sites and nearby clear cut areas at the BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

(BOREAS) Southern Study Area (SSA). The BOREAS Tower Flux (TF)-04 team measured fluxes of

carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CI_) across the soil-air interface in four ages of jack pine forest at

the SSA during August 1993 to March 1995. Gross and net flux of CO2 and flux of CI-I4 between soil

and air are presented for 24 chamber sites in mature jack pine forest, 20-year-old and 4-year-old

stands, and a clear cut area. The data are stored in tabular American Standard Code for Information

Interchange (ASCII) files.

Page 1
1.3 Objective/Purpose

This study presents data relevant to understanding the transfer and storage of carbon among soil,

the unsaturated zone, ground cover vegetation, and understory air in jack pine forest at the SSA. The

data were collected continuously from May through September 1994 and during March 1995.

1.4 Summary of Parameters

The primary focus is on the net fluxes of C02 and CH4 measured.

1.5 Discussion

Jack pine woodlands are an important component of the boreal forest, covering more than 2 x 1012

m2 of predominantly well-drained uplands in northern North America. As part of BOREAS, our study

objectives were (1) to compare soil respiration at an undisturbed 65- to 90-year-old mature jack

pine-lichen woodland with soil respiration at a formerly continuous portion of the stand that was

clear-cut harvested during the previous winter, and (2) to identify and quantify the sources of CO2 and

CH4 production within the soil profile.

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS TGB-01 NSA CH4 and CO2 Chamber Flux Data

BOREAS

BOREAS

BOREAS

BOREAS

BOREAS

BOREAS

BOREAS

TGB-01 CH4 Concentration and Flux Data from NSA Tower Sites

TGB-01 NSA SF6 Chamber Flux Data

TGB-01/TGB-03 CH4 Chamber Flux Data over the NSA Fen

TGB-01/TGB-03 NEE Data over the NSA Fen

TGB-03 Plant Species Composition Data over the NSA Fen

TGB-03 CH4 and CO2 Chamber Flux Data over NSA Upland Sites

TF-04 CO2 and CH4 Soil Profile Data from the SSA

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

Dr. Rob Striegl, Hydrologist

United States Geological Survey

Dr. Kimberly Wickland

United States Geological Survey

2.2 Title of Investigation

Automated Measurements of C02 Exchange at the Moss Surface of a Black Spruce Forest

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Dr. Rob Striegl

Hydrologist, United States Geological Survey

P.O. Box 25046 MS 413

Denver, CO 80225

rstriegl@usgs.gov

Contact 2:

Dr. Kimberly P. Wickland

Hydrologist, United States Geological Survey

P.O. Box 25046 MS 413

Denver, CO 80225

Page 2
Contact 3:

Jeffrey A. Newcomer

Raytheon ITSS

Code 923

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-7858

(301) 286-0239 (fax)

Jeffrey.Newcomer@ gsfc.nasa.gov

3. Theory of Measurements

Atmospheric chemistry measurements and modeling studies identify a global imbalance between

known CO2 production and uptake, with a potentially large terrestrial carbon sink possible in boreal

forests. Northern woodlands are also perceived to be very sensitive to climate change. The predicted

warming and drying of the boreal region could profoundly affect regional carbon sources and sinks.

Carbon cycling of the boreal forest has consequently been a central theme of much recent field

research. With the intent of eventually extrapolating land-based carbon, energy, and water flux

measurements to the entire boreal forest biome, BOREAS subdivided the northern and southern

sections of Canadian boreal forest into aspen, jack pine, and bog-fen landscapes for intensive study.

Studies within these vegetation types focused on a variety of factors that influence carbon cycling,

including forest stand age and land surface disturbances (Sellers et al., 1995).

Soil respiration, the second largest flux in the global carbon cycle, includes all CO2 produced by

roots, soil organisms, and oxidation that is emitted across the soil-air interface. Although globally

important, soil respiration is not well characterized spatially or seasonally for most ecosystems.

We derived response curves of measured soil CO2 emission versus soil temperature for the

measurement transects and applied them to soil temperatures that were continuously recorded at the

BOREAS OJP flux tower, located approximately 0.2 k, northwest of the OJP transect. This allowed

for simulation of continuous soil CO2 emissions for May-September 1994. The simulation results,

when considered with the winter tree removal, the deep well-sorted sandy soil, and the lack of

complexity of the plant and soil communities, permitted separation of surface-soil, deep-soil, and

tree-root respiration at the OJP stand. The OJP fluxes quantify the amount of CO2 that is transported

across the forest floor and is available for photosynthetic uptake by ground cover and understory

plants and tress or for emission to the atmosphere. Because the groundcover was destroyed and all

trees were removed by clear-cutting, the "CC" site fluxes represent net CO2 emission to the

atmosphere during the period between forest harvest and re-establishment of plant cover.

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

4.1.1 Collection Environment

Data were collected under all environmental conditions.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

Ground.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

Support investigators and chambers.

Page 3
4.1.4 Key Variables

CO2 and CH4 flux.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

CO2 and CH4 fluxes were measured by the static chamber technique, which involves measuring

the accumulation or loss of gas concentration within chambers placed on the soil surface versus time.

The chambers, which are cylindrical with an open bottom and a closed top, are constructed from

0.30-m inside diameter polyvinylchloride (PVC) irrigation pipe. To prevent gas leakage to or from the

chambers during measurement, they were affixed by a gasket to a collar, constructed from the same

pipe material, that was inserted permanently into the soil to a depth of 0.10 m. When deployed, the

collars and chambers had a combined height of 0.28 to 0.30 m. The chambers have a coiled 1.6-mm

inside diameter aluminum tube installed through the sidewall near the top to equalize inside and outside

pressure and are fitted with various gas ports for air circulation and sample collection. Gross soil CO2

flux is the total amount of CO2 that passes across the soil-groundcover/air interface in the absence of

photosynthesis. Chambers for measurement of gross CO2 flux and CH< flux have opaque PVC tops

that create a dark chamber environment. Net soil CO2 flux is gross flux minus CO2 uptake by

groundcover photosynthesis. Chambers for measurement of net CO2 flux have clear polycarbonate

tops that are optically transparent across the window of photosynthetically active radiation, allowing

plant photosynthesis to occur. Air is recirculated inside the chambers at a rate of 0.25 chamber volume

per minute to ensure mixing.

Gross and net CO2 flux were measured by continuously monitoring the CO2 concentration in air

circulating in a chamber placed on the soil surface. CO2 concentrations were recorded at 20-second

intervals for 8 minutes using a LI-COR 6200 infrared gas analyzer (IRGA).

Soil CH4 flux was measured by gas chromatograph (GC) analysis of a time series of six syringe

samples of air collected from the center of volume of the chamber. Deployment times ranged from 24

to 40 minutes, depending on the anticipated flux rate. Rate of gas emission of consumption were

determined by the equation:

J : dC/dt x h

where J is the rate of gas flux across the soil surface (mol/m2/s) C is the gas concentration in the

chamber at ambient temperature and pressure (mol/m3), t is time, h is chamber height (m), and dC/dt is

the slope of the best fit of the time series of concentration in the chamber as time approaches zero.

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

Not applicable.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

The chambers, which are cylindrical with an open bottom and a closed top, are constructed from

0.30 m inside diameter polyvinylchloride (PVC) irrigation pipe. To prevent gas leakage to or from the

chambers during measurement, that were affixed by a gasket to a collar, constructed from the same

pipe material, that was inserted permanently into the soil to a depth of 0.10 m. When deployed, the

collars and chambers had a combined height of 0.28 to 0.30 m. The chambers have a coiled 1.6-mm

inside diameter aluminum tube installed through the sidewall near the top to equalize inside and outside

pressure and are fitted with various gas ports for air circulation and sample collection.

IRGA, Model 6262

LI-COR, Inc.

Lincoln, NE

Page 4
4.2 Calibration

4.2.1 Specifications

None given.

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

None given.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

Traceable gas calibration standards for all CO2 and CH4 analyses were provided by the BOREAS

project.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

None given.

5. Data Acquisition Methods

Soil respiration was measured using closed chambers that attached to chamber collars permanently

installed in the soil. Three pairs of the 0.38 m diameter chamber collars were inserted 0.10 m into the

soil at each site along a 60-m transect, having 30 m between pairs of collars and 1 m between collars

within pairs.

Traceable gas calibration standards for all CO2 and CH4 analyses were provided by BOREAS

operations. CO2 concentrations were measured using nondispersive IRGAs calibrated to span the

expected concentration range. Three different IRGAs were used for measuring CO2 concentration at

the jack pine soil gas transects. Accumulation of CO2 in soil gas flux chambers was measured using

LI-COR model 6200. In situ soil CO2 concentrations exceed the range of the LI-COR 6200, so two PP

System model EGM IRGAs were used, one having a range up to 5000 parts per million (ppm) CO2

and the second having a range up to 10,000 ppm CO2.

CH4 concentrations were measured using a Chrompack model 438A GC having a 2-meter 80-100

mesh Porapak-N column and a flame ionization detector. Carrier gas was nitrogen and the oven

temperature was maintained at 38 °C. CH4 concentrations were calculated from standards curves

established from a series of CH4 Standards run between every 8 to 10 samples. Concentrations smaller

than 0.49 ppm were calculated by linear extrapolation of integrator response between a 0.49 ppm CH4

standard and a nitrogen blank.

The measurements were made by sealing a 0.30-m tall opaque polyvinyl chloride chamber cover

over a chamber collar and continuously circulating air from the chamber at top center, through a

LI-COR 6200 CO2 analyzer, and back into the chamber through a perforated air-dispersion ring on the

inside of the chamber base. Chamber CO2 concentrations were measured at 1-s intervals and mean

concentrations were recorded at 15-s intervals for 8 minutes. Insertion of the chamber collars into the

soil, circulation of chamber air through the gas analyzer, the relatively large chamber diameter, and the

relatively short chamber deployment times were all intended to minimize chamber effects known to

influence soil gas flux measurements. CO2 emission rates were calculated using:

J = dC/dt x h

where J is the rate of C02 flux across the soil surface (mo1/(m 2 S)), C is the C02 concentration in the

chamber at ambient temperature and pressure (mol/m3), t is time, h is chamber height (m), and dC/dt is

the slope of the best fit of the time series of C02 concentration in the chamber as time approaches zero.

Page 5
6.1 Data Notes

None given.

6.2 Field Notes

None given.

6. Observations

7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) coordinates of the sites are:

SSA-OJP: 53.91634 ° N, 104.69203 ° W

SSA-YJP: 53.87581 ° N, 104.64529 ° W

Clear Cut (CC) : 53.9090 ° N, 104.6595 ° W

Recent Cut (RC) : 53.9091 ° N, 104.6671 ° W

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not available.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

These are point measurements made at the given locations.

7.1.4 Projection

Not applicable.

7.1.5 Grid Description

Not applicable.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

The data set covers the period from 26-May-1994 to 21-Mar-1995.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

Not available.

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

Gross and net CO2 flux were measured by continuously monitoring the CO2 concentration in air

circulating in a chamber placed on the soil surface. CO2 concentrations were recorded at 20-second

intervals for 8 minutes using a LI-COR 6200 IRGA.

Soil CH4 flux was measured by GC analysis of a time series of six syringe samples of air collected

from the center of volume of the chamber. Deployment times ranged from 24 to 40 minutes, depending

on the anticipated flux rate.

Page 6
7.3 Data Characteristics

7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

TF04 CH4 CHAMBER FLUX:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

CHAMBER ID

CH4 FLUX

REVISION DATE

CRTFCN CODE

TF04 GROSS CO2 CHAMBER FLUX:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

CHAMBER ID

GROSS CO2 FLUX

REVISION DATE

CRTFCN CODE

TF04 NET CO2 CHAMBER FLUX:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

CHAMBER ID

NET CO2 FLUX

REVISION DATE

CRTFCN CODE

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

TF04 CH4 CHAMBER FLUX:

Column Name Description

SITE NAME The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS,

in the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

Page 7
SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

CHAMBER ID

CH4 FLUX

REVISION DATE

CRTFCN CODE

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by BOREAS

in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is the

group associated with the sub-site instrument,

e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the identifier

for sub-site, often this will refer to an

instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

The Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) when the data were

collected.

Identifier assigned to the chamber measured

Methane flux.

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

The BOREAS certification level of the data. Exa

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

TF04 GROSS CO2 CHAMBER FLUX:

Column Name Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

CHAMBER ID

GROSS CO2 FLUX

REVISION DATE

CRTFCN CODE

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS,

in the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by BOREAS

in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is the

group associated with the sub-site instrument,

e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the identifier

for sub-site, often this will refer to an

instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

The Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) when the data were

collected.

Identifier assigned to the chamber measured

The gross CO2 flux measured within the chamber.

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

The BOREAS certification level of the data. Exa

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

Page 8
TF04 NET CO2 CHAMBER FLUX:

Column Name Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

CHAMBER ID

NET CO2 FLUX

REVISION DATE

CRTFCN CODE

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS,

in the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by BOREAS

in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is the

group associated with the sub-site instrument,

e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the identifier

for sub-site, often this will refer to an

instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

The Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) when the data were

collected.

Identifier assigned to the chamber measured

The net CO2 flux measured within the chamber.

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

The BOREAS certification level of the data. Exa

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The measurement units for the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

TF04 CH4 CHAMBER FLUX:

Column Name Units

SITE NAME [none]

SUB SITE [none]

DATE OBS [DD-MON-YY]

TIME OBS [HHMM GMT]

CHAMBER ID [none]

CH4 FLUX [micromoles] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

REVISION DATE [DD-MON-YY]

CRTFCN CODE [none]

TF04 GROSS CO2 CHAMBER FLUX:

Column Name Units

SITE NAME [none]

SUB SITE [none]

DATE OBS [DD-MON-YY]

TIME OBS [HHMM GMT]

CHAMBER ID [none]

GROSS CO2 FLUX [micromoles] [meters^-2] [second^-l]

REVISION DATE [DD-MON-YY]

CRTFCN CODE [none]

Page 9
TF04 NET CO2 CHAMBER FLUX:

Column Name Units

.....................

SITE_NAME [none]

SUB_SITE [none]

DATE_OBS [DD-MON-YY]

TIME_OBS [HHMM GMT]

CHAMBER_ID [none]

NET_CO2_FLUX [micromoles] [meter^_2] [second^_l]

REVISION_DATE [DD-MON-YY]

CRTFCN_CODE [none]

7.3.4 Data Source

The source of the parameter values contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

TF04 CH4 CHAMBER FLUX:

Column Name

........................

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

CHAMBER ID

CH4 FLUX

REVISION DATE

CRTFCN CODE

Data Source

[Assigned by BORIS Staff]

[Assigned by BORIS Staff]

[Investigator]

[Investigator]

[Investigator]

[Gas Chromatograph]

[Assigned by BORIS Staff]

[Assigned by BORIS Staff]

TF04 GROSS CO2 CHAMBER FLUX:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

CHAMBER ID

GROSS CO2 FLUX

REVISION DATE

CRTFCN CODE

Data Source

[Assigned by BORIS Staff]

[Assigned by BORIS Staff]

[Investigator]

[Investigator]

[Investigator]

[LI-COR 6200 CO2 analyzer]

[Assigned by BORIS Staff]

[Assigned by BORIS Staff]

TF04 NET CO2 CHAMBER FLUX:

Column Name

.................................

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

CHAMBER ID

NET CO2 FLUX

REVISION DATE

CRTFCN CODE

Data Source

................................

[Assigned by BORIS Staff]

[Assigned by BORIS Staff]

[Investigator]

[Investigator]

[Investigator]

[LI-COR 6200 CO2 analyzer]

[Assigned by BORIS Staff]

[Assigned by BORIS Staff]

Page 10
7.3.5 Data Range

The following table gives information about the parameter values found in the data files on the

CD-ROM.

TF04 CH4 CHAMBER FLUX:

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SITE NAME SSA-9JP-CLRCT SSA-YJP-FLXTR None None None None

SUB SITE 9TF04-FLX01 9TF04-FLX02 None None None None

DATE OBS 31-MAY-94 21-MAR-95 None None None None

TIME OBS 1420 2341 None None None None

CHAMBER ID A X None None None None

CH4 FLUX -643 0 None None None None

REVISION DATE 09-NOV-98 10-NOV-98 None None None None

CRTFCN CODE CPI CPI None None None None

TF04 GROSS CO2 CHAMBER FLUX:

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SITE NAME SSA-9JP-CLRCT SSA-YJP-FLXTR None None None None

SUB SITE 9TF04-FLX01 9TF04-FLX02 None None None None

DATE OBS 26-MAY-94 20-MAR-95 None None None None

TIME OBS 0 2350 None None None None

CHAMBER ID A X None None None None

GROSS CO2 FLUX -.18 9.15 None None None None

REVISION DATE 10-NOV-98 10-NOV-98 None None None Blank

CRTFCN CODE CPI CPI None None None None

TF04 NET CO2 CHAMBER FLUX:

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SITE NAME SSA-9JP-CLRCT SSA-YJP-FLXTR None None None None

SUB SITE 9TF04-FLX01 9TF04-FLX02 None None None None

DATE OBS 02-JUN-94 15-SEP-94 None None None None

TIME OBS 234 2308 None None None None

CHAMBER ID A X None None None None

NET CO2 FLUX -1.82 6.63 None None None None

REVISION DATE 10-NOV-98 10-NOV-98 None None None None

CRTFCN CODE CPI CPI None None None None

Minimum Data Value -- The minimum value found in the column.

Maximum Data Value -- The maximum value found in the column.

Missng Data Value -- The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Unrel Data Value -- The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

Page 11
Below Detect Limit --

Data Not Cllctd --

to indicate an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the value was deemed to be

unreliable by the analysis personnel.

The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation.

This value indicates that no attempt was made to

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BORIS combined several similar but

not identical data sets into the same data base table

but this particular science team did not

measure that parameter.

Blank

N/A

None

-- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

-- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

-- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

7.4 Sample Data Record

The following are wrapped versions of data record from a sample data file on the CD-ROM.

TF04 CH4 CHAMBER FLUX:

SITE NAME, SUB SITE, DATE OBS,TIME OBS,CHAMBER ID,CH4 FLUX, REVISION DATE,

CRTFCN CODE

'SSA-9JP-CLRCT', '9TF04-FLX01', 10-JUN-94, 1620, 'S',-101.0, 09-NOV-98, 'CPI'

'SSA-9JP-CLRCT', '9TF04-FLX01', 10-JUN-94, 1621, 'T',-172.0, 09-NOV-98, 'CPI'

'SSA-9JP-CLRCT', '9TF04-FLX01', 10-JUN-94, 1643, 'V',-158.0, 09-NOV-98, 'CPI'

'SSA-9JP-CLRCT', '9TF04-FLX01', 10-JUN-94, 1644, 'U',-76.0, 09-NOV-98, 'CPI'

TF04 GROSS CO2 CHAMBER FLUX:

SITE NAME,SUB SITE,DATE OBS,TIME OBS,CHAMBER ID,GROSS CO2 FLUX,REVISION DATE,

CRTFCN CODE

'SSA-9JP-CLRCT', '9TF04-FLX01',26-MAY-94,2326, 'W',I.75,10-NOV-98, 'CPI'

'SSA-9JP-CLRCT', '9TF04-FLX01',26-MAY-94,2338, 'X',I.55,10-NOV-98, 'CPI'

'SSA-9JP-CLRCT', '9TF04-FLX01',26-MAY-94,2350, 'V',I.51,10-NOV-98, 'CPI'

TF04 NET CO2 CHAMBER FLUX:

SITE NAME,SUB SITE,DATE OBS,TIME OBS,CHAMBER ID,NET CO2 FLUX,REVISION DATE,

CRTFCN CODE

'SSA-9JP-CLRCT', '9TF04-FLX01',28-JUN-94, 1824, 'S', 1.37, 10-NOV-98, 'CPI'

'SSA-9JP-CLRCT', '9TF04-FLX01',28-JUN-94, 1840, 'T', 1.87, 10-NOV-98, 'CPI'

Page 12
8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest unit of data tracked by the BOREAS Information System (BORIS) is the

measurement(s) made for a given site at a given time.

8.2 Data Format(s)

The Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) files contain ASCII numerical and character

fields of varying length separated by commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe

marks. There are no spaces between the fields.

Each data file on the CD-ROM has four header lines of Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML)

code at the top. When viewed with a Web browser, this code displays header information (data set

title, location, date, acknowledgments, etc.) and a series of HTML links to associated data files and

related data sets. Line 5 of each data file is a list of the column names, and line 6 and following lines

contain the actual data.

9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

None given.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

9.2.1 Processing Steps

None given

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None given.

9.3 Calculations

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

None given.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

CO2 emission rates were calculated using J = dC/dt x h, where J is the rate of CO2 flux across the

soil surface (mol/(m2 s)), C is the CO2 concentration in the chamber at ambient temperature and

pressure (tool/m3), t is time, h is chamber height (m), and dC/dt is the slope of the best fit of the time

series of CO2 concentration in the chamber as time approaches zero.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None given.

Page 13
10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

None given.

10.2 Quality Assessment

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

None given.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

None given.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

None given.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

None given.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

Data were examined for general consistency and clarity.

11. Notes

11.1 Limitations of the Data

None given.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

None given.

11.3 Usage Guidance

None given.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None given.

12. Application of the Data Set

None given.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

None given.

Page 14
14.1 Software Description

None given.

14.2 Software Access

Not applicable.

14. Software

15. Data Access

The C02 and CH4 chamber flux data are available from the Earth Observing System Data and

Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive

Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

These data are available on the BOREAS CD-ROM series.

Page 15
17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

None given.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,

A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM.

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B.

Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D. Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal

ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year.

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9): 1549-1577.

Sellers, P.J., F.G. Hall, R.D. Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi, J. Berry, M. Ryan, K.J. Ranson, P.M.

Crill, D.P. Lettenmaier, H. Margolis, J. Cihlar, J. Newcomer, D. Fitzjarrald, P.G. Jarvis, S.T.

Gower, D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison, D.E. Wickland, and F.E. Guertin. 1997. BOREAS

in 1997: Experiment Overview, Scientific Results and Future Directions. Journal of Geophysical

Research 102(D24): 28,731-28,770.

Striegl, R.G. and K.P. Wickland. 1998. Effects of a clear-cut harvest on soil respiration in a jack-pine

lichen woodland. Can. Jour. Forest Research 28:534-539.

Wickland, K.P. and R.G. Striegl. 1997. Measurements of soil carbon dioxide and methane

concentrations and fluxes, and soil properties at four ages of jack pine forest in the Southern Study

Area of the Boreal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study, Saskatchewan, Canada, 1993-1995. U.S.

Geological Survey Open-File Report. 97-49.

17.3 Arehive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None.

18. Glossary of Terms

Page 16
ASCII

BOREAS

BORIS

CC

CD-ROM

DAAC

EOS

EOSDIS

GC

GIS

GMT

GSFC

HTML

IRGA

NAD83

NASA

NSA

OBS

OJP

ORNL

PANP

PPFD

PVC

RC

SSA

TF

TGB

URL

YJP

19. List of Acronyms

- American Standard Code for Information Interchange

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Clear Cut site

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Gas Chromatograph

- Geographic Information System

- Greenwich Mean Time

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- HyperText Markup Language

- Infrared Gas Analyzer

- North American Datum of 1983

- National Aeronautics and Space Administration

- Northern Study Area

- Old Black Spruce

- Old Jack Pine

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Photosynthetically Active Photon Flux Density

- Polyvinylchloride

- Recently Cut site

- Southern Study Area

- Tower Flux

- Trace Gas Biochemistry

- Uniform Resource Locator

- Young Jack Pine

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date

Written: 01-Dec- 1998

Last Updated: 20-Aug- 1999

20.2 Document Review Date(s)

BORIS Review: 03-Dec-1998

Science Review:

20.3 Document ID

Page 17
20.4 Citation

When using these data, please include the following acknowledgment as well as citations of

relevant papers in Section 17.2:

Wickland, K.P., and R.G. Striegl. 1997. Measurements of soil carbon dioxide and methane

concentrations and fluxes, and soil properties at four ages of jack pine forest in the Southern Study

Area of the Boreal Ecosystem Atmosphere Study, Saskatchewan, Canada, 1993-1995. U.S.

Geological Survey Open-File Report. 97-49.

Striegl, R.G. and K.P. Wickland. 1998. Effects of a clear-cut harvest on soil respiration in a

jack-pine lichen woodland. Can. Jour. Forest Research 28:534-539.

If using data from the BOREAS CD-ROM series, also reference the data as:

Striegl, R. and K. Wickland, "Automated Measurements of CO2 Exchange at the Moss Surface of

a Black Spruce Forest." In Collected Data of The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. Eds. J.

Newcomer, D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson, A.

Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

Also, cite the BOREAS CD-ROM set as:

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. Collected Data of

The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 18
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

October 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TF-4 CO 2 and CH 4 Chamber Flux Data from the SSA

6. AUTHOR(S)

Dean Anderson, Robert Striegl and Kimberly Wickland

Forrest G. Hall and Sara Conrad, Editors

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

923

RTOP: 923-462-33-01

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vo1.198

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

D. Anderson, R. Striegl, and K. Wickland: U.S. Geological Survey, Denver; S. Conrad: DynCorp.

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TF-4 team measured fluxes of CO 2 and CH 4 across the soil-air interface in four ages of

jack pine forest at the BOREAS SSA during August 1993 to March 1995. Gross and net flux of CO 2

and flux of CH 4 between soil and air are presented for 24 chamber sites in mature jack pine forest, 20-

year-old, 4-year-old, and clear cut areas. The data are stored in tabular ASCII files.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, tower flux.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF THIS PAGE

Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF ABSTRACT

Unclassified

15. NUMBER OF PAGES

18

16. PRICE CODE

20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

UL

Standard Form 298 (Rev. 2-89)

Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18

298-102