# Patent

## Title
Restoring service acceleration

## Abstract

Aspects extend to methods, systems, and computer program products for reassigning service functionality between acceleration components. Reassigning service functionality can be used to recover service acceleration for a service. Service acceleration can operate improperly due to performance degradation at an acceleration component. A role at the acceleration component having degraded performance can be assigned to another acceleration component to restore service acceleration for the service.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/149,311, entitled “Reassigning Service Functionality Between Acceleration Components”, filed Apr. 17, 2015 which is incorporated herein in its entirety.


BACKGROUND
Computer systems and related technology affect many aspects of society. Indeed, the computer system's ability to process information has transformed the way we live and work. Computer systems now commonly perform a host of tasks (e.g., word processing, scheduling, accounting, etc.) that prior to the advent of the computer system were performed manually. More recently, computer systems have been coupled to one another and to other electronic devices to form both wired and wireless computer networks over which the computer systems and other electronic devices can transfer electronic data. Accordingly, the performance of many computing tasks is distributed across a number of different computer systems and/or a number of different computing environments. For example, distributed applications can have components at a number of different computer systems.
BRIEF SUMMARY
Examples extend to methods, systems, and computer program products for restoring service acceleration. A service manager monitors operations of a plurality of acceleration components included in a hardware acceleration plane. The plurality of acceleration components includes a group of interoperating acceleration components and one or more other acceleration components. Roles at each acceleration component in the group of interoperating acceleration components are linked together to compose a graph that provides service acceleration for a service.
The service manager detects that the graph is operating improperly. The service manager detects that degraded performance at an acceleration component, included in the group of interoperating acceleration components, caused the graph to operate improperly. The service manager selects a replacement acceleration component from among the one or more other acceleration components to provide a role of the acceleration component having degraded performance. The replacement acceleration component is identified based on characteristics of the replacement acceleration component. The service manager assigns the role to the replacement acceleration component to restore service acceleration for the service. Service acceleration is restored by linking the role to roles at one or more acceleration components included in the group of interoperating acceleration to recompose the graph.
This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice. The features and advantages may be realized and obtained by means of the instruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. These and other features and advantages will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, or may be learned by practice as set forth hereinafter.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In order to describe the manner in which the above-recited and other advantages and features can be obtained, a more particular description will be rendered by reference to specific implementations thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only some implementations and are not therefore to be considered to be limiting of its scope, implementations will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates an example architecture that includes a software plane and a hardware acceleration plane.
FIG. 2 illustrates an example architecture, including servers, that can be used in a data center
FIG. 3 illustrates an example server.
FIG. 4 illustrates an example server.
FIG. 5 illustrates an example service implemented using components of a software plane and components of a hardware acceleration plane.
FIG. 6 illustrates an example service implemented using components of a software plane and components of a hardware acceleration plane.
FIG. 7 illustrates an example architecture of an acceleration component.
FIG. 8 illustrates an acceleration component including separate configurable domains.
FIG. 9 illustrates functionality for performing data transfer between a local host component and an associated local hardware acceleration component.
FIG. 10 illustrates an example architecture of a host component.
FIG. 11 illustrates an example architecture of management functionality for managing services in a data center.
FIG. 12 illustrates an example architecture with additional components of the management functionality of FIG. 11.
FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrate an architecture that facilitates reassigning service functionality from one acceleration component to another acceleration component to restore service acceleration for a service.
FIG. 14 illustrates a flow chart of an example method for reassigning service functionality from one acceleration component to another acceleration component to restore service acceleration for a service.
FIGS. 15A and 15B illustrate an example of reassigning a role to a replacement acceleration component by rerouting traffic.
FIGS. 16A and 16B illustrate an example of reassigning a role to a replacement acceleration component by loading configuration data at the replacement acceleration component to change the role.
FIGS. 17A and 17B illustrate an example of reassigning a role to a replacement acceleration component by loading an image at the replacement component to overwrite an existing role.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Examples extend to methods, systems, and computer program products for restoring service acceleration. A service monitors operations of a plurality of acceleration components included in a hardware acceleration plane. The plurality of acceleration components includes a group of interoperating acceleration components and one or more other acceleration components. Roles at each acceleration component in the group of interoperating acceleration components are linked together to compose a graph that provides service acceleration for a service.
The service manager determines that the graph is operating improperly. The service manager detects that degraded performance at an acceleration component, included in the group of interoperating acceleration components, caused the graph to operate improperly. The service manager selects a replacement acceleration component from among the one or more other acceleration components to provide a role of the acceleration component having degraded performance. The replacement acceleration component is identified based on characteristics of the replacement acceleration component. The service manager assigns the role to the replacement acceleration component to restore service acceleration for the service. Service acceleration is restored by linking the role to roles at one or more acceleration components included in the group of interoperating acceleration to recompose the graph.
Implementations may comprise or utilize a special purpose or general-purpose computer including computer hardware, such as, for example, one or more processors and system memory, as discussed in greater detail below. Implementations also include physical and other computer-readable media for carrying or storing computer-executable instructions and/or data structures. Such computer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer system. Computer-readable media that store computer-executable instructions are computer storage media (devices). Computer-readable media that carry computer-executable instructions are transmission media. Thus, by way of example, and not limitation, implementations can comprise at least two distinctly different kinds of computer-readable media: computer storage media (devices) and transmission media.
Computer storage media (devices) includes RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM, solid state drives (“SSDs”) (e.g., based on RAM), Flash memory, phase-change memory (“PCM”), other types of memory, other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store desired program code means in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures and which can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.
A “network” is defined as one or more data links that enable the transport of electronic data between computer systems and/or modules and/or other electronic devices. When information is transferred or provided over a network or another communications connection (either hardwired, wireless, or a combination of hardwired or wireless) to a computer, the computer properly views the connection as a transmission medium. Transmissions media can include a network and/or data links which can be used to carry desired program code means in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures and which can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
Further, upon reaching various computer system components, program code means in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures can be transferred automatically from transmission media to computer storage media (devices) (or vice versa). For example, computer-executable instructions or data structures received over a network or data link can be buffered in RAM within a network interface module (e.g., a “NIC”), and then eventually transferred to computer system RAM and/or to less volatile computer storage media (devices) at a computer system. Thus, it should be understood that computer storage media (devices) can be included in computer system components that also (or even primarily) utilize transmission media.
Computer-executable instructions comprise, for example, instructions and data which, in response to execution at a processor, cause a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or special purpose processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions. The computer executable instructions may be, for example, binaries, intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, or even source code. Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the described features or acts described above. Rather, the described features and acts are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the described aspects may be practiced in network computing environments with many types of computer system configurations, including, personal computers, desktop computers, laptop computers, message processors, hand-held devices, wearable devices, multi-processor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, mobile telephones, PDAs, tablets, pagers, watches, routers, switches, and the like. The described aspects may also be practiced in distributed system environments where local and remote computer systems, which are linked (either by hardwired data links, wireless data links, or by a combination of hardwired and wireless data links) through a network, both perform tasks. In a distributed system environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote memory storage devices.
The described aspects can also be implemented in cloud computing environments. In this description and the following claims, “cloud computing” is defined as a model for enabling on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources. For example, cloud computing can be employed in the marketplace to offer ubiquitous and convenient on-demand access to the shared pool of configurable computing resources. The shared pool of configurable computing resources can be rapidly provisioned via virtualization and released with low management effort or service provider interaction, and then scaled accordingly.
A cloud computing model can be composed of various characteristics such as, for example, on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, measured service, and so forth. A cloud computing model can also expose various service models, such as, for example, Software as a Service (“SaaS”), Platform as a Service (“PaaS”), and Infrastructure as a Service (“IaaS”). A cloud computing model can also be deployed using different deployment models such as private cloud, community cloud, public cloud, hybrid cloud, and so forth. In this description and in the claims, a “cloud computing environment” is an environment in which cloud computing is employed.
In this description and the following claims, an “acceleration component” is defined as a hardware component specialized (configured, possibly through programming) to perform a computing function more efficiently than software running on general-purpose central processing unit (CPU) could perform the computing function. Acceleration components include Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Graphics Processing Units (GPUs), Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Erasable and/or Complex programmable logic devices (PLDs), Programmable Array Logic (PAL) devices, Generic Array Logic (GAL) devices, and massively parallel processor array (MPPA) devices.
In this description and in the following claims, a “role” is defined as functionality provided by an acceleration component to a group of interoperating acceleration components used to accelerate a service. Roles at each acceleration component in a group of interoperating acceleration components can be linked together to compose a graph that provides the service acceleration.
In this description and in the following claims, a “graph” is defined as a group of interconnected (e.g., network connected) acceleration components providing acceleration for a service wherein each acceleration component in the group provides a portion of the acceleration functionality.
In this description an in the following claims, an “image” is defined as a file including information that can be used in configuration of an acceleration component, such as, for example, an FPGA. Information included in an image file can be used to program hardware components of an acceleration component (e.g., logic blocks and reconfigurable interconnects of an FPGA) to implement desired functionality. Desired functionality can be implemented to solve virtually any problem which is computable.
In this description and in the following claims, a “neighbor acceleration component” is defined as an acceleration component configured to exchange input and/or output with another acceleration component when interconnected to the other acceleration component within a graph. Neighbor is viewed logically from the perspective of the graph. The physical proximity of an acceleration component relative to another acceleration component is not a determining factor in identifying neighbor acceleration components. That is, acceleration components that are not physically adjacent to one another (or even near to one another on a network or within a datacenter) can be configured to exchange data with one another when interconnected within a graph. Acceleration components interconnected within a graph can be viewed as neighbor acceleration components even if data exchanged between the acceleration components physically passes through other acceleration components outside of the graph or through host components in transit between the acceleration components. However, acceleration components that are physically adjacent or near to one another on a network or in a datacenter and are interconnected within a graph can also be viewed as neighbor acceleration components with respect to one another.
In general, an acceleration component can include an array of programmable logic blocks and hierarchy of reconfigurable interconnects that allow logic blocks to be connected together in different configurations to provide different functionality (i.e., different roles). Image files can be received and loaded at an acceleration component to configure programmable logic blocks and configure interconnects to provide desired functionality (i.e., roles).
In some environments, applications (services) are provided to a client from a data center. A data center includes multiple (and potentially a very large number of) software-driven general purpose computing devices. Each general purpose computing device can include one or more central processing units (CPUs) that process machine-readable instructions to perform specified computing activities. The multiple general purpose computing devices are networked to one another such that the combined power of the multiple general purpose computer systems (or subsets thereof) can be used to perform more complex computing activities.
Data center providers face continuing challenges to increase processing capabilities and efficiency within and provided by data centers. Continuing to add more and more general purpose computing devices is not feasible due at least in part to power limitations. Computing device specialization is one option. For example, computing devices can be specialized for specific scale workloads to provide some efficiency gains. However, computing device specialization is problematic for at least two reasons. First, lack of homogeneity in a data center increases management issues and provides inconsistent platforms for applications to rely on. Further, data center services evolve rapidly, making non-programmable hardware features impractical. Thus, data center providers need continued improvements in performance and efficiency but cannot obtain those improvements from general purpose computing devices.
Aspects facilitate restoring service acceleration for a service. Service acceleration can operate improperly due to degraded performance (and possible partial or complete failure) at an acceleration component. A role at an acceleration component having degraded performance can be (re)assigned to another acceleration component to restore service acceleration.
A service manager monitors a plurality of acceleration components in a hardware acceleration plane. The plurality of acceleration components includes a group of interoperating acceleration components. Roles at each acceleration component in the group of interoperating acceleration components are linked together (e.g., via a network in a data center) to compose a graph that provides service acceleration for a service. The service manager can poll health status of acceleration components and if there is a degraded performance for a role (re)assign to the role another acceleration component. Degraded performance can include Error-correcting code (ECC) errors or other physical errors, thermal errors (e.g., over heating), and other physical errors. A Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) application can monitor what goes in and out of and the amount of data exchanged between acceleration components. Counters can detect errors attached to Dynamic Random Access memory (DRAM).
The service manager detects degraded performance (or partial or complete failure) at one of the acceleration components that causes the graph to operate improperly (e.g., non-responsive, degradation of performance, incorrect results, latency spikes, etc.). The service manager selects a replacement acceleration component to provide a role of the acceleration component having degraded performance based on acceleration component characteristics of other available acceleration components and/or network characteristics. Selecting a replacement acceleration component can include one or more of: (i) identifying a hot spare acceleration component, (ii) identifying an acceleration component already programmed to provide the role, (iii) identifying an acceleration configured that can reconfigured with configuration data to provide the role, or (iv) identifying an acceleration component that can be reprogrammed to provide the role.
The service manager (re)assigns the role at the replacement acceleration component to recover service acceleration for the service. Assigning a role can include: (i) remapping to a hot spare acceleration component, (ii) loading configuration data to an acceleration component already programmed to provide the functionality, or (iii) reprogramming a replacement acceleration component (e.g., loading an image file) to provide the functionality. Prior to activating the role at the replacement acceleration component, the service manager can prepare for the activation by queuing intermediate results, sending NACKs to components requesting the service, etc.
Accordingly, aspects can be used to: (a) detect degraded performance (e.g., errors, defects, faults, failures, etc.) at an acceleration component, (b) sustain service acceleration by using alternate acceleration components in a network, (c) identifying potential acceleration components for use in replacing roles, (d) move a role to a hot spare acceleration component, (e) load configuration data into a acceleration component to transition to a role (f) reprogram an acceleration with a role, and (g) recover from failure of an acceleration component.
Aspects can use a performance handling algorithm to reconfigure an acceleration component or remap roles robustly, recover from degraded performance (and failures) by remapping roles between acceleration components, and report errors to management software to diagnose problems.
In general, a data center deployment includes a hardware acceleration plane and a software plane. The hardware acceleration plane can include a plurality of networked acceleration components (e.g., FPGAs). The software plane can include a plurality of networked software-implemented host components (e.g., central processing units (CPUs)). A network infrastructure can be shared between the hardware acceleration plane and the software plane. In some environments, software-implemented host components are locally linked to corresponding acceleration components.
FIG. 1 illustrates an example architecture 102 that includes a software plane 104 and a hardware acceleration plane 106. The software plane 104 includes a collection of software-driven components (each denoted by the symbol “S”) while the hardware plane includes a collection of hardware acceleration components (each denoted by the symbol “H”). For example, each host component may correspond to a server computer that executes machine-readable instructions using one or more central processing units (CPUs). Each CPU, in turn, may execute the instructions on one or more hardware threads. Each acceleration component can execute hardware logic for implementing functions, such as, for example, portions of services offered by a data center.
Hardware acceleration plane 106 can be constructed using a heterogeneous collection of acceleration components, including different types of acceleration components and/or the same type of acceleration components with different capabilities. For example, hardware acceleration plane 106 can include FPGA devices having different respective processing capabilities and architectures, a mixture of FPGA devices and other devices, and so on. Hardware acceleration plane 106 provides a reconfigurable fabric of acceleration components.
A host component generally performs operations using a temporal execution paradigm (i.e., sequentially) by using each of its CPU hardware threads to execute machine-readable instructions, one after the after. In contrast, an acceleration component may perform operations using a spatial paradigm (i.e., concurrently) by using a large number of parallel logic elements to perform computational tasks. Thus, an acceleration component can perform some operations in less time compared to a software-driven host component. In the context of the architecture 102, the “acceleration” qualifier associated with the term “acceleration component” reflects its potential for accelerating the functions that are performed by the host components.
In one example, architecture 102 corresponds to a data center environment that includes a plurality of computer servers. The computer servers correspond to the host components in the software plane 104. In another example, architecture 102 corresponds to an enterprise system. In a further example, the architecture 102 corresponds to a user device or appliance which uses at least one host component that has access to two or more acceleration components, etc. Other implementations for architecture 102 are also possible.
Common network infrastructure 120 couples host components in the software plane 104 to other host components and couples acceleration components in the hardware acceleration plane 106 to other acceleration components. That is, host components can use common network infrastructure 120 to interact with one another and acceleration components can use common network infrastructure 120 to interact with one another. Interaction among host components in the software plane 104 is independent of the interaction among acceleration components in the hardware acceleration plane 106. As such, two or more acceleration components may communicate in a transparent manner relative to host components in the software plane 104, outside the direction of the host components, and without the host components being “aware” of particular interaction is even taking place in the hardware acceleration plane 106.
Architecture 102 can use any of a variety of different protocols to facilitate communication between acceleration components over network infrastructure 120 and can use any of a variety of different protocols to facilitate communication between host components over network infrastructure 120. For example, architecture 102 can use Ethernet protocol to transmit Internet Protocol (IP) packets over network infrastructure 120. In one implementation, each local host component in a server is given a single physical IP address. The local acceleration component in the same server may adopt the same IP address. The server can determine whether an incoming packet is destined for the local host component or destined for the local acceleration component in different ways. For example, packets that are destined for the local acceleration component can be formulated as UDP packets having a specific port; host-defined packets, on the other hand, may not be formulated in this way. In another example, packets belonging to the acceleration plane 106 can be distinguished from packets belonging to the software plane 104 based on the value of a status flag in each of the packets.
As such, architecture 102 can be viewed as two logical networks (software plane 104 and hardware acceleration plane 106) that share the same physical network communication links. Packets associated with the two logical networks may be distinguished from each other by their respective traffic classes.
In another aspect, each host component in the architecture 102 is coupled to at least one acceleration component in hardware acceleration plane 104 through a local link. For example, a host component and acceleration component can be arranged together and maintained as single serviceable unit (e.g., a server) within architecture 102. In this arrangement, the server can be referred to as the “local” host component to distinguish it from other host components that are associated with other servers. Similarly, acceleration component(s) of a server can be referred to as the “local” acceleration component(s) to distinguish them from other acceleration components that are associated with other servers.
As depicted in architecture 102, host component 108 is coupled to acceleration component 110 through a local link 112 (e.g., a Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) link). Thus, host component 108 is a local host component form the perspective of acceleration component 110 and acceleration component 110 is a local acceleration component from the perspective of host component 108. The local linking of host component 108 and acceleration component 110 can form part of a server. More generally, host components in software plane 104 can be locally coupled to acceleration components in hardware acceleration plane 106 through many individual links collectively represented as a localH-to-localS coupling 114.
Thus, a host component can interact directly with any locally linked acceleration components. As such, a host component can initiate communication to a locally linked acceleration component to cause further communication among multiple acceleration components. For example, a host component can issue a request for a service (or portion thereof) where functionality for the service (or portion thereof) is composed across a group of one or more acceleration components in hardware acceleration plane 106.
Thus, a host component can also interact indirectly with other acceleration components in hardware acceleration plane 106 to which the host component is not locally linked. For example, host component 108 can indirectly communicate with acceleration component 116 via acceleration component 110. More specifically, acceleration component 110 communicates with acceleration component 116 via a link 118 (e.g., network infrastructure 120).
Acceleration components in hardware acceleration plane 106 can be used to accelerate larger-scale services robustly in a data center. Substantial portions of complex datacenter services can be mapped to acceleration components (e.g., FPGAs) by using low latency interconnects for computations spanning multiple acceleration components. Acceleration components can also be reconfigured as appropriate to provide different service functionality at different times.
FIG. 2 illustrates an example architecture 202 that can be used in a data center. Servers 204, 206, and 208 can be included in a rack in the data center. Each of servers 204, 206, and 208 can be coupled to top-of-rack (TOR) switch 210. Other racks, although not shown, may have a similar configuration. Server 204 further includes host component 212 including CPUs 214, 216, etc. Host component 212 along with host components from servers 206 and 208 can be included in software plane 104. Server 204 also includes acceleration component 218. Acceleration component 218 along with acceleration components from servers 206 and 208 can be included in hardware acceleration plane 106.
Acceleration component 218 is directly coupled to host component 212 via local link 220 (e.g., a PCIe link). Thus, host component 212 can view acceleration component 218 as a local acceleration component and acceleration component 218 can view host component 212 as a local host component. Acceleration component 218 and host component 212 are also indirectly coupled by way of network interface controller 222 (e.g., used to communicate across network infrastructure 120). Server 204 can load images representing service functionality onto acceleration component 218.
Acceleration component 218 is also coupled to TOR switch 210. Hence, in architecture 202, acceleration component 218 represents the path through which host component 212 interacts with other components in the data center (including other host components and other acceleration components). Architecture 202 allows acceleration component 218 to perform processing on packets that are received from (and/or sent to) TOR switch 210 (e.g., by performing encryption, compression, etc.), without burdening the CPU-based operations performed by host component 212.
Management functionality 232 serves to manage the operations of architecture 202. Management functionality 232 can be physically implemented using different control architectures. For example, in one control architecture, the management functionality 232 may include plural local management components that are coupled to one or more global management components.
FIG. 3 illustrates an example server 302. Server 302 includes host component 304 including CPUs 306, 308, etc., acceleration component 310, and local link 312. Acceleration component 310 is directly coupled to host component 304 via local link 312 (e.g., a PCIe link). Thus, host component 304 can view acceleration component 310 as a local acceleration component and acceleration component 310 can view host component 304 as a local host component. Host component 304 and acceleration component 310 can be included in software plane 104 and hardware acceleration plane 106 respectively. Server 302 implements network interface controller (NIC) 314 as an internal component of acceleration component 310. Server 302 can load images representing service functionality onto acceleration component 310.
FIG. 4 illustrates an example server 402. Server 402 includes host components 404 through 406 including any number n of host components. Host components 404 through 406 can be included in software plane 104. Server 402 includes acceleration components 408 through 410 including any number m of acceleration components. Acceleration components 408 through 410 can be included in hardware acceleration plane 106. Server 402 can also include a network interface controller (not shown).
Server 402 can include a single host component locally linked to two acceleration components. The two acceleration components can perform different respective tasks. For example, one acceleration component can be used to process outgoing traffic to its local TOR switch, while the other acceleration component can be used to process incoming traffic from the TOR switch. In addition, server 402 can load images representing service functionality onto any of the acceleration components 408 through 410.
In general, a service (e.g., document ranking, encryption, compression, computer vision, speech translation, machine learning, etc.) can be implemented at one or more host components, at one or more acceleration components, or a combination of one or more host components and one or more acceleration components depending on what components are better suited to provide different portions of the service.
FIG. 5 illustrates an example service 512 implemented using components of software plane 104 and components of hardware acceleration plane 106. In operation (1), host component 502 communicates with host component 504 in the course of performing a computational task. In operation (2), host component 504 then requests the use of service 512 that is implemented in the hardware acceleration plane 106 (although host component 504 may not be “aware” of where service 512 is implemented) by communicating with acceleration component 506 over a local link.
The requested service 512 is a composed service spread out over a plurality of acceleration components, each of which performs a specified portion of the service. Although acceleration component 506 was contacted to request use of the service 512, acceleration component 506 may not be the head of the composed service (or even be part of the multi-component service). Instead, acceleration component 508 may be the head component for the composed service.
As such, in operation (3), host component 504 indirectly communicates with acceleration component 508 via acceleration component 506. Acceleration component 508 then performs its portion of the composed service to generate an intermediate output result. In operation (4), acceleration component 508 then invokes acceleration component 510, which performs another respective portion of the composed service, to generate a final result. In operations (5), (6), and (7), the hardware acceleration plane 106 successively forwards the final result back to the requesting host component 504, through the same chain of components set forth above but in the opposite direction.
Operations in hardware acceleration plane 106 are performed in an independent manner of operations performed in the software plane 104. In other words, the host components in the software plane 104 do not manage the operations in the hardware acceleration plane 106. However, the host components may invoke the operations in the hardware acceleration plane 106 by issuing requests for services that are hosted by the hardware acceleration plane 106.
The hardware acceleration plane 106 operates in a manner that is transparent to a requesting host component. For example, host component 504 may be “unaware” of how its request is being processed in hardware acceleration plane 106, including the fact that the service corresponds to a composed service.
Communication in software plane 104 (e.g., corresponding to operation (1)) can take place using the same common network infrastructure 120 as communication in the hardware acceleration plane 106 (e.g., corresponding to operations (3)-(6)). Operations (2) and (7) may take place over a local link, corresponding to the localH-to-localS coupling 114 shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 6 illustrates an example service 612 implemented using components of a software plane and components of hardware acceleration plane 106 Service 612 uses a different flow structure than service 512. More specifically, in operation (1), a host component (not shown) sends a request to its local acceleration component 602. In this example, local acceleration component 602 is also the head component of service 612. In operation (2), local acceleration component 602 may then forward one or more messages to a plurality of respective acceleration components. Each acceleration component that receives a message may perform a portion of a composed service in parallel with the other acceleration components. (FIG. 6 may represent only a portion of service 612, other portions of service 612 can be implemented at other hardware accelerators).
In general, an acceleration component can include any of variety of components some of which can be more or less common across different application images. Some components, such as, for example, a role, are distinct between application images. Other components, such as, for example, routers, transport components, switches, diagnostic recorders, etc., can be relatively common between some number of application images. These other relatively common components can be viewed as being included in an intermediate layer of abstraction or “soft shell”. Further components, such as, for example, bridges, bypass controls, Network Interface Cards, Top of Rack Interfaces, buffers, memory controllers, PCIe controllers, Inter-FPGA network controllers, configuration memories and interfaces, host interfaces, debugging and back-channel interfaces (e.g., Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) interfaces, Inter-Integrated Circuit (I2C) interfaces, etc.), sensors, etc. can be very common between a higher number of (and essentially all) application images. These further very common components can be viewed as included in a greater layer of abstraction (e.g., than the other relatively common components) or “shell”.
When an acceleration component (e.g., an FPGA) is reconfigured with new functionality, it is likely (although not guaranteed) that a role (i.e., the application-specific logic) at the acceleration component is changed. However, it is unlikely that existing functionality in the soft shell is changed and it is extremely unlikely that existing functionality in the shell is changed. Thus, components in the soft shell and to greater extent components in the shell provide a common interface for a role. As such, the shell allows code for a role to be ported relatively easy across different acceleration components.
Turning to FIG. 7, FIG. 7 illustrates an example architecture of an acceleration component 702. Acceleration component 702 can be included in hardware acceleration plane 106. Components included in acceleration component 702 can be implemented on hardware resources (e.g., logic blocks and programmable interconnects) of acceleration component 702.
Acceleration component 702 includes application logic 706, soft shell 704 associated with a first set of resources and shell 711 associated with a second set of resources. The resources associated with shell 711 correspond to lower-level interface-related components that generally remain the same across many different application scenarios. The resources associated with soft shell 704 can remain the same across at least some different application scenarios. The application logic 706 may be further conceptualized as including an application domain (e.g., a “role”). The application domain or role can represent a portion of functionality included in a composed service spread out over a plurality of acceleration components.
The application domain hosts application logic 706 that performs service specific tasks (such as a portion of functionality for ranking documents, encrypting data, compressing data, facilitating computer vision, facilitating speech translation, machine learning, etc.). Resources associated with soft shell 704 are generally less subject to change compared to the application resources, and the resources associated with shell 711 are less subject to change compared to the resources associated with soft shell 704 (although it is possible to change (reconfigure) any component of acceleration component 702).
In operation, application logic 706 interacts with the shell resources and soft shell resources in a manner analogous to the way a software-implemented application interacts with its underlying operating system resources. From an application development standpoint, the use of common shell resources and soft shell resources frees a developer from having to recreate these common components for each service.
Referring first to the shell 711, shell resources include bridge 708 for coupling acceleration component 702 to the network interface controller (via a NIC interface 710) and a local top-of-rack switch (via a TOR interface 712). Bridge 708 also includes a data path that allows traffic from the NIC or TOR to flow into acceleration component 702, and traffic from the acceleration component 702 to flow out to the NIC or TOR. Internally, bridge 708 may be composed of various FIFOs (714, 716) which buffer received packets, and various selectors and arbitration logic which route packets to their desired destinations. A bypass control component 718, when activated, can control bridge 708 so that packets are transmitted between the NIC and TOR without further processing by the acceleration component 702.
Memory controller 720 governs interaction between the acceleration component 702 and local memory 722 (such as DRAM memory). The memory controller 720 may perform error correction as part of its services.
Host interface 724 provides functionality that enables acceleration component 702 to interact with a local host component (not shown). In one implementation, the host interface 724 may use Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe), in conjunction with direct memory access (DMA), to exchange information with the local host component. Shell 711 may also include various other features 726, such as clock signal generators, status LEDs, error correction functionality, and so on.
Turning to soft shell 704, router 728 is for routing messages between various internal components of the acceleration component 702, and between the acceleration component and external entities (e.g., via a transport component 730). Each such endpoint is associated with a respective port. For example, router 728 is coupled to memory controller 720, host interface 724, application logic 706, and transport component 730.
Transport component 730 formulates packets for transmission to remote entities (such as other acceleration components), and receives packets from the remote entities (such as other acceleration components). A 3-port switch 732, when activated, takes over the function of the bridge 708 by routing packets between the NIC and TOR, and between the NIC or TOR and a local port associated with the acceleration component 702.
Diagnostic recorder 734 can store information regarding operations performed by the router 728, transport component 730, and 3-port switch 732 in a circular buffer. For example, the information may include data about a packet's origin and destination IP addresses, host-specific data, timestamps, etc. A technician may study a log of the information in an attempt to diagnose causes of failure or sub-optimal performance in the acceleration component 702.
A plurality of acceleration components similar to acceleration component 702 can be included in hardware acceleration plane 106.
Acceleration components can use different network topologies (instead of using common network infrastructure 120 for communication) to communicate with one another. In one aspect, acceleration components are connected directly to one another, such as, for example, in a two dimensional torus.
FIG. 8 illustrates an acceleration component 802 including separate configurable domains 804, 806, etc. A configuration component (not shown) can configure each configurable domain without affecting other configurable domains. Hence, the configuration component can configure one or more configurable domains while the other configurable domains are executing operations based on their respective configurations, which are not disturbed.
FIG. 9 illustrates functionality for performing data transfer between a host component 902 and an associated (e.g., locally linked) acceleration component 904. Data can be transferred via a host interface (e.g., host interface 724), for example, using PCIe in conjunction with DMA memory transfer). In operation (1), host logic 906 places data to be processed into kernel-pinned input buffer 908 in main memory associated with the host logic 906. In operation (2), the host logic 906 instructs the acceleration component 904 to retrieve the data and begin processing it. The host logic's thread is then either put to sleep until it receives a notification event from the acceleration component 904, or it continues processing other data asynchronously. In operation (3), the acceleration component 904 transfers the data from the host logic's memory and places it in an acceleration component input buffer 910.
In operations (4) and (5), the application logic 912 retrieves the data from the input buffer 910, processes it to generate an output result, and places the output result in an output buffer 914. In operation (6), the acceleration component 904 copies the contents of the output buffer 914 into output buffer 916 (in the host logic's memory). In operation (7), acceleration component 904 notifies the host logic 906 that the data is ready for it to retrieve. In operation (8), the host logic thread wakes up and consumes the data in the output buffer 916. Host logic 906 may then discard the contents of the output buffer 916, which allows the acceleration component 904 to reuse it in the next loading operation.
FIG. 10 illustrates an example architecture of a host component 1002. Host component 1002 can include one or more processing devices 1004, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs). Host component 1002 can also include any storage resources 1006 for storing any kind of information, such as code, settings, data, etc. Without limitation, for instance, storage resources 1006 may include any of RAM of any type(s), ROM of any type(s), flash devices, hard disks, optical disks, and so on. More generally, any storage resource can use any technology for storing information. Further, any storage resource may provide volatile or non-volatile retention of information. Further, any storage resource may represent a fixed or removable component of host component 1002. In one case, host component 1002 may perform any of the operations associated with local tenant functionality when processing devices 1004 carry out associated instructions stored in any storage resource or combination of storage resources. Host component 1002 also includes one or more drive mechanisms 1008 for interacting with any storage resource, such as a hard disk drive mechanism, an optical disk drive mechanism, and so on.
Host component 1002 also includes an input/output module 1010 for receiving various inputs (via input devices 1012), and for providing various outputs (via output devices 1014). One particular output mechanism may include a presentation device 1016 and an associated graphical user interface (GUI) 1018. Host component 1002 can also include one or more network interfaces 1020 for exchanging data with other devices via one or more communication conduits 1022. One or more communication buses 1024 communicatively couple the above-described components together.
Communication conduit(s) 1022 can be implemented in any manner, e.g., by a local area network, a wide area network (e.g., the Internet), point-to-point connections, etc., or any combination thereof. Communication conduit(s) 1022 can include any combination of hardwired links, wireless links, routers, gateway functionality, name servers, etc., governed by any protocol or combination of protocols.
A plurality of host components similar to host component 1002 can be included in software plane 104.
FIG. 11 illustrates an example architecture 1102 of management functionality 1122 for managing services in a data center. Architecture 1102 can be included in architecture 102. As such, management functionality 1122 as well as other associated components can be implemented on hardware resources of a host component (e.g., in software plane 104) and/or implemented on hardware resources of an acceleration component (e.g., in hardware acceleration plane 106). Host component hardware resources can include any of the hardware resources associated with host component 1002. Acceleration component hardware resources can include any of the hardware resources associated with acceleration component 702.
Management functionality 1122 can include a number of sub-components that perform different respective functions (which can be physically implemented in different ways). A local determination component 1124, for example, can identify the current locations of services within architecture 102, based on information stored in a data store 1126 (Current Service To Address Mapping). In operation, location determination component 1124 may receive a request for a service. In response, location determination component 1124 returns an address associated with the service, if that address is present in data store 1126. The address may identify a particular acceleration component in hardware acceleration plane 106 that hosts (or is the head of) the requested service.
Request handling component (RHC) 1128 processes requests for services made by instances of tenant functionality. For example, an instance of tenant functionality may correspond to a software program running on a particular local host component. That software program may request a service in the course of its execution. The RHC 1128 handles the request by determining an appropriate component in architecture 102 to provide the service. Possible components for consideration include: a local acceleration component (associated with the local host component from which the request originated); a remote acceleration component; and/or the local host component itself (whereupon the local host component implements the service in software). RHC 1128 makes its determinations based on one or more request handling considerations, such as whether the requested service pertains to a line-rate service. Further, the RHC 1128 may interact with the location determination component 1124 in performing its functions.
A global service allocation component (GSAC) 1130 can operate in a background and global mode, allocating services to acceleration components based on global conditions in architecture 102 (rather than handling individual requests from instances of tenant functionality, as does RHC 1128). For example, GSAC 1130 may invoke its allocation function in response to a change in demand that affects one or more services. GSAC 1130 makes its determinations based on one or more allocation considerations, such as the historical demand associated with the services, etc. Further, the GSAC 1130 may interact with the location determination component 1124 in performing its functions. A sub-component of GSAC 1130 can also manage multi-component and/or composed services. A multi-component service is a service that is composed of plural parts. Plural respective acceleration components perform the respective parts.
FIG. 12 illustrates an example architecture with additional components of management functionality 1122. As described, location determination component 1124 identifies the current location of services within architecture 102, based on information stored in the data store 1126. In operation, the location determination component 1124 receives a request for a service. In response, it returns the address of the service, if present within the data store 1126. The address may identify a particular acceleration component that implements the service.
Request handling component (RHC) 1128 handles requests for services by tenant functionality that resides on the host components. In response to each request by a local host component, RHC 1128 determines an appropriate component to implement the service. For example, RHC 1128 may choose from among: a local acceleration component (associated with the local host component that made the request), a remote acceleration component, or the local host component itself (whereupon the local host component will implement the service in software), or some combination thereof. RHC 1128 performs its determinations based on one or more request handling considerations.
General allocation component (GSAC) 1130, on the other hand, operates by globally allocating services to acceleration components within architecture 102 to meet overall anticipated demand in the data processing system and/or to satisfy other objectives (rather than individual requests by host components). In performing its functions, the GSAC component 1130 may draw on a data store 1202 that provides free pool information. The free pool information identifies acceleration components that have free capacity to implement one or more services. The GSAC 1130 can also receive input information that has a bearing on its allocation decisions. One such piece of input information pertains to historical demand information associated with a service, e.g., as maintained in a data store 1204.
GSAC 1130 and RHC 1128 may use, in part, common logic in reaching their allocation decisions, and that common logic may, in part, taken into account similar allocation considerations. Further, both RHC 1128 and GSAC 1130 interact with the location determination component 124 in the course of performing their respective operations. Otherwise, as described, the GSAC 1130 frames its decisions in a global context, whereas the RHC 1128 is an on-demand component that is primarily focused on satisfying specific requests.
Configuration component 1206 configures acceleration components, e.g., by sending a configuration stream to the acceleration components. A configuration stream specifies the logic (e.g., an image) to be “programmed” into a recipient acceleration component. The configuration component 1206 may use different strategies to configure an acceleration component.
The failure monitoring component 1208 determines whether a previously configured acceleration component has failed. Various components of the management functionality 1122 may respond to failure notification by substituting a spare acceleration component for a failed acceleration component, reconfiguring an acceleration component, partial reconfiguring acceleration component, reloading data in an acceleration component, etc.
As described, service acceleration can be provided by linking roles from a group of interoperating acceleration components. The linked roles can be composed in a directed graph in any variety of different ways, including a directed acyclic graph, a directed cyclic graph, etc., to provide service functionality and/or acceleration. For example, in some aspects, linked roles are composed in a pipeline or ring.
FIGS. 13A and 13B illustrates an architecture 1300 that facilitates reassigning service functionality from one acceleration component to another acceleration component to restore service acceleration for a service. Referring initially to FIG. 13A, computer architecture 1300 includes acceleration components 1301-1304, acceleration component 1306, other components 1331 and 1332, and service manager 1322. Acceleration components 1301-1304, acceleration component 1306, other components 1331 and 1332, and service manager 1322 can be connected to (or be part of) a network, such as, for example, a Local Area Network (“LAN”), a Wide Area Network (“WAN”), and even the Internet. Accordingly, acceleration components 1301-1304, acceleration component 1306, other components 1331 and 1332, and service manager 1322, as well as any other connected computer systems and their components, can create message related data and exchange message related data (e.g., Internet Protocol (“IP”) datagrams and other higher layer protocols that utilize IP datagrams, such as, Transmission Control Protocol (“TCP”), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (“HTTP”), Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (“SMTP”), Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP), etc. or using other non-datagram protocols) over the network.
In one aspect, acceleration components 1301-1304, acceleration component 1306, other components 1331 and 1332, and service manager 1322 are connected to network infrastructure 120. Acceleration components 1301-1304 and acceleration component 1306 can be included in hardware acceleration plane 106. Other components 1331 and 1332 can include host components and/or other acceleration components. The host components and/or other acceleration components can be included in software plane 104 and/or hardware acceleration plane 106 respectively.
Each of acceleration components 1301-1304 and 1306 (e.g., FPGAs) can include an array of programmable logic blocks and hierarchy of reconfigurable interconnects that allow logic blocks to be connected together in different configurations to provide different functionality (i.e., different roles). Image files can be received and loaded at acceleration component acceleration components 1301-1304 and 1306 to configure programmable logic blocks and configure interconnects to provide desired functionality (i.e., roles).
As depicted, acceleration components 1301, 1302, 1303, and 1304 are programmed with roles 1311, 1312, 1313, and 1314 respectively. Roles 1311, 1312, 1313, and 1314 are linked together to compose graph 1333. Graph 1333 provides service acceleration for a service, such as, for example, document ranking, encryption, compression, computer vision, speech translation, etc. The depicted arrangement of acceleration components 1301, 1302, 1303, and 1304 is logical. The physical proximity of acceleration components 1301, 1302, 1303, and 1304 relative to one another can vary (e.g., same server, different servers same rack, different racks, etc.).
Input and output from roles at (logically) neighboring acceleration components may depend on one another or input and output from other components 1331 and/or other components 1332 (e.g., host components or functionality composed from a different group of interoperating acceleration components). For example, input to role 1313 can depend on output from role 1312. Similarly, input to role 1314 can depend on output from role 1313.
Some or all of acceleration components 1301, 1302, 1303, and 1304 can participate in one-way or two-communication with (logically) neighboring acceleration components and other components (e.g., host components). Thus, input and output from one acceleration component can depend on input and output from another acceleration component and vice versa. For example, input to role 1312 can depend on output from role 1313 and input to role 1311 can depend on output from role 1312.
Graph 1333 can provide acceleration for an entire service or part of a service. For example, graph 1333 can be used to acceleration part of a document ranking service used to provide search engine results. Graph 1333 can interoperate with other portions of service functionality composed from other groups of interoperating acceleration components and/or provided by one or more host components. For example, for a document ranking service, acceleration for document feature extraction can be composed from one group of interoperating acceleration components, acceleration for free form expression calculations (e.g., mathematical recombinations of extracted features) can be composed from another group of interoperating acceleration components, and acceleration for scoring calculations can be composed from a further group of interoperating acceleration components.
In addition to the expressly depicted roles 1311, 1312, 1313, and 1314, one or more of acceleration components 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, and 1306 can also be programmed with one or more other roles. The one or more other roles can be configured to provide part of other service functionality, for example, relating to accelerating encryption, compression, computer vision, speech translation, machine learning, etc. Thus, one or more of acceleration components 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, and 1306 may simultaneously be composed into one or more different groups of interoperating acceleration components that provide different functionality for different services.
In general, service manager 1322 is configured to monitor network infrastructure 120. When appropriate, service manager 1322 can reassign roles between acceleration components in hardware acceleration plane 106 to restore service acceleration for a service. Service manager 1322 can include any of the functionality described with respect to management functionality 232 and management functionality 1122.
FIG. 14 illustrates a flow chart of an example method 1400 for reassigning service functionality from one acceleration component to another acceleration component to restore service acceleration for a service. Method 1400 will be described with respect to the components and data of architecture 1300.
Method 1400 includes monitoring operations of a plurality of acceleration components included in a hardware acceleration plane, the plurality of acceleration components including a group of interoperating acceleration components and one or more other acceleration components, roles at each acceleration component in the group of interoperating acceleration components linked together to compose a graph that provides service acceleration for a service (1401). For example, service manager 1322 can monitor operation of some or all of the acceleration components in hardware acceleration plane 106. It may be that service manager 1322 monitors acceleration components included in graph 1333, acceleration components included in other components 1331 and 1332, and acceleration component 1306.
To monitor operations of a plurality of acceleration components, service manager 1322 can, from time to time, querying the status of each acceleration component in the group of interoperating acceleration components (e.g., acceleration components 1301, 1302, 1303, and 1304 in graph 133) and querying the status of each acceleration component in the one or more other acceleration components (e.g., acceleration components in other components 1331 and 1332 and acceleration component 1306).
Service manager 1322 can use knowledge from monitoring when selecting replacement acceleration components for acceleration components having degraded performance.
Method 1400 includes determining that the graph is operating improperly (1402). For example, through monitoring, service manager 1322 can detect that graph 1333 is exhibiting improper operation 1318. Improper operation 1318 can include, for example, one or more of: non-responsiveness, performance degradation, outputting incorrect results, sending phantom packets, latency spikes, etc.
Method 1400 includes detecting that degraded performance at an acceleration component, included in the group of interoperating acceleration components, caused the graph to operate improperly (1403). For example, in response to detecting improper operation 1318, service manager 1322 can query the status acceleration components 1301, 1302, 1303, and 1304. From query responses, service manager 1322 can detect performance degradation 1316 (possibly indicating partial or completed failure) at acceleration component 1303. Performance degradation 1316 can cause role 1313 to operate inappropriately or become non-responsive in turn causing improper operation 1318. As such, service manager 1322 can determine that performance degradation 1316 is causing improper operation 1318.
Method 1400 includes selecting a replacement acceleration component from among the one or more other acceleration components to provide a role of the acceleration component having degraded performance, the replacement acceleration component identified based on characteristics of the replacement acceleration component (1404). For example, in response to detecting degraded performance 1316 as the cause of improper operation 1318, service manager 1322 can query the status of acceleration component 1306. From a query response, service manager 1322 can determine that acceleration component 1306 is capable of hosting role 1313. From other data (e.g., data in data store 1126, data in free pool information 1202, data in historical information 1204, etc.), service manager 1322 can also be aware of other characteristics of acceleration component 1306.
Service manager 1322 can select acceleration component 1306 (over other acceleration components) as a replacement for acceleration component 1303. Service manager 1322 can select acceleration component 1306 based on a capability to host role 1313 and the other characteristics. The other characteristics can include: the location of acceleration component 1306 within hardware acceleration plane 106 (network proximity), bandwidth available for communication with acceleration component 1306, an acceleration component type of acceleration component 1306, other roles running on acceleration component 1306, the capabilities of any host components locally linked to acceleration component 1306, data center topology, defined rules, network load, other dynamic network characteristics, etc.
Method 1400 includes assigning the role to the replacement acceleration component to restore service acceleration for the service by linking the role to roles at one or more acceleration components included in the group of interoperating acceleration to recompose the graph (1405). For example, service manager 1322 can send reassignment command 1317 to graph 1333. Turning to FIG. 13B, reassignment command 1317 causes role 1313 to be reassigned from acceleration component 1303 to acceleration component 1306. Acceleration component 1303 is removed from graph 1333.
Service manager 1322 can use role 1313 provided at acceleration component 1306 to recompose graph 1333. Service manager 1322 can link role 1312 at acceleration component 1302 to role 1313 at acceleration component 1306. Similarly, service manager 1322 can link role 1314 at acceleration component 1304 to role 1313 at acceleration component 1306. Recomposing graph 1333 restores service acceleration for the service. As such, acceleration component 1306 is configured to communicate with acceleration components 1302 and 1304 to restore proper operation for graph 1333 and resume service acceleration.
Resource consumption and time delay associated with reassigning a role to a new acceleration component can vary based on capabilities and current configuration of the new acceleration component. In one aspect, a replacement acceleration component is already programmed with the role. A service manager can utilize the role at the replacement acceleration component by rerouting traffic to the replacement acceleration component. Restoring a service by rerouting traffic uses minimal resources and has minimal time delay.
FIGS. 15A and 15B illustrate an example of reassigning a role to a replacement acceleration component by rerouting traffic. Turning to FIG. 15A, acceleration components 1501, 1502, 1503, and 1504 can be included in hardware acceleration plane 106. Acceleration components 1501, 1502, 1403, and 1504 can be programmed with roles 1511, 1512, 1513, and 1512 respectively. In FIG. 15A, roles 1511, 1512, and 1513 are linked together to compose a graph that provides service acceleration.
Acceleration components 1501, 1502, and 1503 participate in two-way two-communication with (logically) neighboring acceleration components and other components. For example, acceleration component 1501 communicates with acceleration component 1502 and other, for example, host components. Acceleration component 1502 communicates with acceleration component 1501 and acceleration component 1503. Acceleration component 1503 communicates with acceleration component 1502 and other, for example, host components. Thus, network traffic can be routed between acceleration component 1502 and each of acceleration components 1501 and 1503.
If performance of acceleration component 1502 degrades (including partial or complete failure), a service manager can query other acceleration components to identify a new acceleration component to host role 1512. The service manager can determine that acceleration component 1504 already has role 1512 loaded. As such, the service manager can reroute traffic from acceleration component 1502 to acceleration component 1504 to recompose the graph and restore service acceleration.
Turning to FIG. 15B, acceleration components 1501, 1504, and 1503 participate in two-way communication with (logically) neighboring acceleration components and other components. For example, acceleration component 1501 communicates with acceleration component 1504 and other, for example, host components. Acceleration component 1504 communicates with acceleration component 1501 and acceleration component 1503. Acceleration component 1503 communicates with acceleration component 1504 and other, for example, host components. Thus, network traffic can be routed between acceleration component 1404 and each of acceleration components 1501 and 1503.
Acceleration component 1504 can be configured as a hot spare for role 1512 prior to performance degradation at acceleration component 1502. The service manager can proactively (pre)allocate hot spares for various roles based on characteristics similar to those used to select a replacement acceleration component upon performance degradation at another acceleration component.
In another aspect, an acceleration component can be loaded with an image that contains instructions for a plurality of different roles. Configuration data can be sent to the acceleration component to transition between different roles. For example, an image can be loaded on an acceleration component to provide acceleration for part of a document ranking service. The image can include a super set of instructions representing roles for processing documents in a plurality of languages, such as, for example, English, French, and German. The super set can include a core set of instructions applicable to English, French, and German. The super set can also include other sets of instructions specific to each of English, French, and German. Configuration data can be sent to the acceleration component to transition between processing documents in English, French, and German.
Processing configuration data to transition from providing one role to providing another role uses more resources and has increased time delay relative to rerouting traffic but uses fewer resources and has decreased time delay relative to loading a new image.
FIGS. 16A and 16B illustrate an example of reassigning a role to a replacement acceleration component by loading configuration data at the replacement acceleration component to change the role. Turning to FIG. 16A, acceleration components 1601, 1602, 1603, and 1604 can be included in hardware acceleration plane 106. Acceleration components 1601, 1602, 1603, and 1604 can be programmed with specified roles 1611, 1612, 1613, and 1614. In FIG. 16A, roles 1611, 1612, and 1613 are linked together to compose a graph that provides service acceleration.
As depicted, acceleration component 1604 includes image 1620 and is providing role 1614. Image 1620 includes core instructions 1621, role instructions 1622, and role instructions 1624. When using core instructions 1621 and role instructions 1624, image 1620 provides role 1514. When using core instructions 1621 and role instructions 1622, image 1620 provides role 1612.
If performance of acceleration component 1602 degrades (including partial or complete failure), a service manager can query other acceleration components to identify a new acceleration component to host role 1612. The service manager can determine that no other acceleration component has role 1612 loaded. The service manager can further determine that acceleration component 1604 contains image 1620 capable of transitioning to role 1612 in response to configuration data. As such, the service manager can send configuration data 1626 to acceleration component 1604 to transition image 1620 from providing role 1614 to providing role 1612.
Turning to FIG. 16B, acceleration component 1604 can process configuration data 1626 to transition from providing role 1614 to providing role 1612. After the transition to role 1612, traffic is rerouted from acceleration component 1602 to acceleration component 1604 to recompose the graph and restore service acceleration. Acceleration components 1601, 1604, and 1603 participate in two-way two-communication with (logically) neighboring acceleration components and other components. For example, acceleration component 1601 communicates with acceleration component 1604 and other, for example, host components. Acceleration component 1604 communicates with acceleration component 1601 and acceleration component 1603. Acceleration component 1603 communicates with acceleration component 1604 and other, for example, host components. Thus, network traffic can be routed between acceleration component 1604 and each of acceleration components 1601 and 1603.
In a further aspect, a new image can be loaded at an acceleration component to overwrite a current role with a new role. For example, a new image can loaded at an acceleration component to overwrite a role providing acceleration for encryption with a role providing acceleration for document ranking. Processing an image file overwrite a role with a new role uses more resources and has increased time delay relative to rerouting traffic and processing configuration data.
FIGS. 17A and 17B illustrate an example of reassigning a role to a replacement acceleration component by loading an image at the replacement component to overwrite an existing role. Turning to FIG. 17A, acceleration components 1701, 1702, 1703, and 1704 can be included in hardware acceleration plane 106. Acceleration components 1701, 1702, and 1703 can be programmed with specified roles 1711, 1712, 1713. In FIG. 17A, roles 1711, 1712, and 1713 are linked together to compose a graph that provides service acceleration. In one aspect, acceleration component 1704 is not programmed. In another aspect, acceleration component 1704 is programmed with one or more roles (not shown) that are not related to service acceleration provided by the graph.
If performance of acceleration component 1702 degrades (including partial or complete failure), a service manager can query other acceleration components to identify a replacement acceleration component to host role 1712. The service manager can determine that no other acceleration component has role 1712 loaded. The service manager can further determine that no acceleration component contains an image capable of transitioning to role 1712 by processing configuration data. The service manager can additionally determine that acceleration component 1704 has available resources that can be programmed to provide role 1712. As such, the service manager can send configuration command 1726 to acceleration component 1704. Configuration command 1726 instructs acceleration component to load image 1720 to provide role 1712.
Turning to FIG. 17B, acceleration component 1704 is programmed to provide role 1712. After the transition to role 1712, traffic is rerouted from acceleration component 1702 to acceleration component 1704 to recompose the graph and restore service acceleration. Acceleration components 1701, 1704, and 1703 participate in two-way two-communication with (logically) neighboring acceleration components and other components. For example, acceleration component 1701 communicates with acceleration component 1704 and other, for example, host components. Acceleration component 1704 communicates with acceleration component 1701 and acceleration component 1703. Acceleration component 1703 communicates with acceleration component 1704 and other, for example, host components. Thus, network traffic can be routed between acceleration component 1704 and each of acceleration components 1701 and 1703.
In some aspects, a service manager (e.g., a higher-level software service) prepares a graph to be broken by queuing documents and sending negative acknowledgements to components attempting to use the graph for service acceleration.
Aspects thus help mitigate (and potentially eliminate) the possibility of introducing and/or propagating instability into a hardware acceleration plane and/or software plane during acceleration component (e.g., FPGA). Aspects address the following problems at least in part: an acceleration component appearing as a failed (e.g., PCIe) device to the host, raising a destabilizing non-maskable interrupt and a degraded, failing, or reconfiguring acceleration component corrupting the state of its neighbors by randomly sending traffic that may appear valid.
Non-maskable interrupts can be generated when an acceleration component (e.g., an FPGA is reconfigured). A service manager can mask any non-maskable interrupts generated during reconfiguration of an acceleration component to prevent operating system (“OS”) failure.
To prevent spurious data from corrupting neighboring acceleration components, an acceleration component being reconfigured (or a higher-level software service, for example, service manager 1322) sends a “TX Halt” message. The TX halt message indicates that neighbor acceleration components are to ignore further traffic until the link is re-established. In addition, messages can be delayed a few clock cycles so that, in case of an unexpected link failure, it can be detected and the message can be suppressed.
Similarly, when an acceleration component comes out of reconfiguration, it cannot trust that its neighbors are not emitting spurious data. To handle this, each acceleration component can come up with “RX Halt” enabled, automatically throwing away any messages for neighbors. A higher-level software service, for example, service manager 1322 can notify each newly-reconfigured server to release RX Halt once all acceleration components in a graph have been configured.
When a datacenter application hangs for any reason, a higher level service in the service hierarchy (such as a machine that aggregates results) can notice that a set of servers are unresponsive. The higher level service can query each server to find its status. If a server is unresponsive, it is put through a sequence of reconfiguration, soft reboot, hard reboot, and then flagged for manual service and possible replacement, until the machine starts working correctly. If the server is operating correctly, it responds to the higher level service with information about the health of its local acceleration components (e.g., one or more FPGAs) and associated links.
The higher level service can return a vector with error flags for inter-FPGA (or other acceleration component) connections, DRAM status (bit errors and calibration failures), errors in the acceleration component (e.g., FPGA) application, PLL lock issues, PCIe errors, and the occurrence of a temperature shutdown. This can call also returns the machine IDs of neighbors of an acceleration component (e.g., an FPGA), to test whether the neighboring acceleration components (e.g., FPGAs) in a graph are accessible and that they are the machines that the higher level service expects (in case the cables are miswired or unplugged).
Based on this information, the higher level service may update a failed machine list (including the failure type) and based on the failure location and type, determine where to re-locate various application roles on the fabric. It is possible that relocation is unnecessary, such as when the failure occurred on a spare node, or when simply reconfiguring an acceleration component (e.g., FPGA) in-place is sufficient to resolve the hang. The higher level service can then go through its reconfiguration process for every acceleration component (e.g., FPGA) associated with that service to clear out any corrupted state and mapping out any hardware failure or a recurring failure with an unknown cause.
In some aspects, a system includes a hardware acceleration plane, a software plane, and a network infrastructure. The hardware acceleration plane includes a configurable fabric of a plurality of acceleration components. The software plane includes a plurality of host components running software. The network infrastructure is shared by acceleration components in the hardware acceleration plane and host components in the software plane. The network infrastructure is used by acceleration components to communicate directly with one another. Local links connect acceleration components and host components (e.g., in the same server).
The system also includes one or more computer storage devices having stored thereon computer-executable instructions representing a service manager. The service manager configured to restore service acceleration offered by a data center. Restoring service acceleration includes monitoring operation of the plurality of acceleration components. The plurality of acceleration components includes a group of interoperating acceleration components and one or more other acceleration components. Roles at each acceleration component in the group of interoperating acceleration components are linked together to compose a graph that provides service acceleration for a service. Monitoring the operation of the plurality of acceleration components can include, from time to time, querying the status of each acceleration component in the group of interoperating acceleration components and querying the status of each acceleration component in the one or more other acceleration components.
Restoring service acceleration includes detecting that the graph is operating improperly. Restoring service acceleration includes detecting that degraded performance at an acceleration component, included in the group of interoperating acceleration components, caused the graph to operate improperly. Restoring service acceleration includes selecting a replacement acceleration component from among the one or more other acceleration components to provide a role of the acceleration component having degraded performance. The replacement acceleration component is identified based on characteristics of the replacement acceleration component. Restoring service acceleration includes assigning the role to the replacement acceleration component to restore service acceleration for the service by linking the role to roles at one or more acceleration components included in the group of interoperating acceleration to recompose the graph.
In another aspect, a method for restoring service acceleration offered by a data center is performed. A plurality of acceleration components included in a hardware acceleration plane is monitored. The plurality of acceleration components includes a group of interoperating acceleration components and one or more other acceleration components. Roles at each acceleration component in the group of interoperating acceleration components are linked together to compose a graph that provides service acceleration for a service. Monitoring the operation of the plurality of acceleration components can include, from time to time, querying the status of each acceleration component in the group of interoperating acceleration components and querying the status of each acceleration component in the one or more other acceleration components.
It is determined that the graph is operating improperly. The cause of the improper operation is determined to be degraded performance at an acceleration component, included in the group of interoperating acceleration components. A replacement acceleration component is selected from among the one or more other acceleration components to provide a role of the acceleration component having degraded performance. The replacement acceleration component is identified based on characteristics of the replacement acceleration component. The role is utilized at the replacement acceleration component to restore service acceleration for the service by linking the role to roles at one or more acceleration components included in the group of interoperating acceleration to recompose the graph.
In a further aspect, a computer program product for use at a computer system includes one or more computer storage devices having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution at a processor, cause the computer system to implement a method for restoring service acceleration offered by a data center.
The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution at a processor, cause the computer system to monitor operations of a plurality of acceleration components included in a hardware acceleration plane. The plurality of acceleration components includes a group of interoperating acceleration components and one or more other acceleration components. Roles at each acceleration component in the group of interoperating acceleration components are linked together to compose a graph that provides service acceleration for a service. Monitoring the operation of the plurality of acceleration components can include, from time to time, querying the status of each acceleration component in the group of interoperating acceleration components and querying the status of each acceleration component in the one or more other acceleration components.
The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution at a processor, cause the computer system to determine that the graph is operating improperly. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution at a proccessor, cause the computer system to detect that degraded performance at an acceleration component, included in the group of interoperating acceleration components, caused the graph to operate improperly.
The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution at a processor, cause the computer system to select a replacement acceleration component from among the one or more other acceleration components to provide a role of the acceleration component having degraded performance. The replacement acceleration component identified is based on characteristics of the replacement acceleration component. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution at a processor, cause the computer system to assign the role to the replacement acceleration component to restore service acceleration for the service by linking the role to roles at one or more acceleration components included in the group of interoperating acceleration to recompose the graph.
The described aspects may be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described aspects are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope.

## Claims

1. A method for restoring service acceleration for a service, the method comprising:
determining that service acceleration for the service is operating improperly, the service acceleration provided by a group of interoperating acceleration components, roles at each acceleration component in the group of interoperating acceleration components linked together to compose a graph;
detecting that degraded performance at an acceleration component, included in the group of interoperating acceleration components, caused the service acceleration to operate improperly, the acceleration component assigned to provide a role that is linked to one or more other roles in the graph;
selecting a replacement acceleration component from among one or more other acceleration components to provide the role; and
restoring service acceleration for the service by assigning the replacement acceleration component to provide the role and linking the role provided by the replacement acceleration component to the one or more other roles in the graph.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the replacement acceleration component comprises a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the service acceleration is for a service, the service selected from among: document ranking, data encryption, data compression, speech translation, computer vision, or machine learning.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the group of interoperating acceleration components comprises a plurality of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs).

5. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting a replacement acceleration component comprises selecting a replacement acceleration component based on one or more of: network proximity of the replacement acceleration component to the group of interoperating acceleration components, bandwidth available to the replacement acceleration component, a component type of the replacement acceleration component, other roles running on the replacement acceleration component, capabilities of any host components locally linked to replacement acceleration component, data center network topology, defined rules, and network load.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting a replacement acceleration component comprises selecting a replacement acceleration component that already has the role loaded.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein assigning the replacement acceleration component to provide the role comprises rerouting communication from the acceleration component with degraded performance to the replacement acceleration component.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein selecting a replacement acceleration component comprises selecting a replacement acceleration component that can be transitioned to the role without being reprogrammed.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein assigning the replacement acceleration component to provide the role comprises:
sending configuration data to the replacement acceleration component instructing the replacement acceleration component to transition to providing the role; and
rerouting communication from the acceleration component with degraded performance to the replacement acceleration component.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein assigning the replacement acceleration component to provide the role comprises:
sending a configuration command to the replacement acceleration component instructing the replacement acceleration component to load an image to reprogram the replacement acceleration component to provide the role; and
rerouting communication from the acceleration component with degraded performance to the replacement acceleration component.

11. A computer program product for implementing a method for restoring service acceleration for a service, the computer program product comprising one or more computer storage devices having stored thereon computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution at a processor, cause the method to be performed, including the following:
determine that service acceleration for the service is operating improperly, the service acceleration provided by a group of interoperating acceleration components, roles at each acceleration component in the group of interoperating acceleration components linked together to compose a graph;
detect that degraded performance at an acceleration component, included in the group of interoperating acceleration components, caused the service acceleration to operate improperly, the acceleration component assigned to provide a role that is linked to one or more other roles in the graph;
select a replacement acceleration component from among one or more other acceleration components to provide the role; and
restore service acceleration for the service by assigning the replacement acceleration component to provide the role and linking the role provided by the replacement acceleration component to the one or more other roles.

12. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein computer computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution, select a replacement acceleration component comprise computer computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution, select a replacement acceleration component based on one or more of: network proximity of the replacement acceleration component to the group of interoperating acceleration components, bandwidth available to the replacement acceleration component, a component type of the replacement acceleration component, other roles running on the replacement acceleration component, capabilities of any host components locally linked to replacement acceleration component, data center network topology, defined rules, and network load.

13. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein computer computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution, select a replacement acceleration component comprise computer computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution, select a replacement acceleration component that already has the role loaded; and
wherein computer computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution, assign the replacement acceleration component to provide the role comprise computer computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution, reroute communication from the acceleration component with degraded performance to the replacement acceleration component.

14. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein computer computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution, select a replacement acceleration component comprise computer computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution, select a replacement acceleration component that can be transitioned to the role without being reprogrammed; and
wherein computer computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution, assign the replacement acceleration component to provide the role comprise computer computer-executable instructions that, in response to execution:
send configuration data to the replacement acceleration component instructing the replacement acceleration component to transition to providing the role; and
reroute communication from the acceleration component with degraded performance to the replacement acceleration component.

15. The computer program product of claim 11, wherein the group of interoperating acceleration components comprises a plurality of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs).

16. A system, the system including:
a hardware acceleration plane including a plurality of acceleration components, the plurality of acceleration components including a group of interoperating acceleration components and one or more other acceleration components, the group of interoperating acceleration components providing service acceleration for a service, roles at each acceleration component in the group of interoperating acceleration components linked together to compose a graph;
a network infrastructure shared by acceleration components in the hardware acceleration plane and host components in a software plane, the network infrastructure used by acceleration components to communicate directly with one another;
a processor;
system memory coupled to the processor, the system memory storing instructions that are executable by the processor; and
the processor executing the instructions stored in the system memory to:
detect that degraded performance at an acceleration component caused service acceleration for the service to operate improperly, the acceleration component included in the group of interoperating acceleration components, the acceleration component assigned to provide a role that is linked to one or more other roles in the graph;
select a replacement acceleration component from among the one or more other acceleration components; and
restore service acceleration for the service by assigning the replacement acceleration component to provide the role and linking the role provided by the replacement acceleration component to the one or more other roles.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the replacement acceleration component comprises a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA).

18. The system of claim 16, wherein the group of interoperating acceleration components providing service acceleration for a service comprises the group of interoperating acceleration components providing service acceleration for a service selected from among: document ranking, data encryption, data compression, speech translation, computer vision, or machine learning.

19. The system of claim 16, wherein the plurality of acceleration components comprises a plurality of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs).

20. The system of claim 16, further comprising local links locally connecting acceleration components and host components.