NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 211

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara Conrad, Editors

Volume 211

BOREAS TF-11 CO 2 and CH 4

Concentration Data from the SSA-Fen

David W. Valentine

University of Alaska, Fairbanks

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010023257 2018-05-14T18:58:53+00:00Z
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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 211

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara Conrad, Editors

Volume 211

BOREAS TF-11 CO 2 and CH 4

Concentration Data from the SSA-Fen

David W. Valentine

University of Alaska, Fairbanks

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

Hanover, MD 21076-1320

Price Code: A17

Available from:

National Technical Information Service

5285 Port Royal Road

Springfield, VA 22161

Price Code: A10
BOREAS TF-11 CO 2 and CH 4 Concentration Data from the SSA-Fen

David Valentine

Summary

The BOREAS TF-11 team collected several data sets in its efforts to fully describe the flux and site

characteristics at the SSA-Fen site. This data set contains temperature, pH, and concentration profiles

of methane and carbon dioxide within the surface 50 cm of peat. The measurements were conducted as

part of a 2 x 2 factorial experiment in which we added carbon (300 g/m2 as wheat straw) and nitrogen

(6 g/m2 as urea) to four replicate locations in the vicinity of the TF- 11 tower. The data set covers the

period from the first week of June 1994 through the second week of September 1994. The data are

stored in tabular ASCII files.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TF-11 CO 2 and CH4 Concentration Data from the SSA-Fen

1.2 Data Set Introduction

This data set contains temperature, pH, and concentration profiles of methane and carbon dioxide

within the surface 50 cm of peat. The measurements were conducted as part of a 2 x 2 factorial

experiment in which we added carbon (300 g/m 2 as wheat straw) and nitrogen (6 g/m 2 as urea) to four

replicate locations in the vicinity of the Tower Flux (TF)- 11 tower. In addition to siting and treatment

variables, it reports air temperature and water table height relative to the average peat surface during

each measurement. The data set covers the period from the first week of June 1994 through the second

week of September 1994.

Page 1
1.3 Objective/Purpose

Muchof theareawithin theborealforestbiomeconsistsof wetlands,in whichlargecarbonstores

andhighwatertablesdrivefundamentallydifferentatmosphericinteractionsthanoccurundertheother

foresttypesstudiedby theBORealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy(BOREAS).Onekeydifferenceisin

theformcarbonis emittedfollowing soilmicrobialrespiration;in wetlands,muchof it isemittedas

methane.Wetlandsarethedominantinfluenceof borealforestsonatmosphericmethane.

Thisstudywasundertakenin orderto assessresponsesof methaneemissionsin northernwetlands

to potentialchangesin plantproductivity,nitrogenavailabilityorboth.Whiting andChanton(1993)

recentlyobservedthatmethaneemissionsfrom wetlandsacrosstheglobearewell relatedto net

primaryproductivity(NPP).Thismaybefor avarietyofreasons,includingenhancedplanttransport,

increasedmethanogenicsubstratesfrom rootexudates,increasedlitter inputcascadingto enhanced

substrateavailabilityfor methanogenesis, or enhancedC andN mineralizationof decomposing

residues.Previouswork by us(Valentineet al., 1994)andothershasshownthatsubstrateavailability

is akeyconstraintonmethaneproductionin wetlands.Thepresentstudywasaneffortto testwhether

substratemanipulationresultsfrom laboratorystudiescouldbemirroredunderfield conditions.

1.4 Summary of Parameters

Wemeasuredconcentrationsof methaneandcarbondioxidedissolvedin theporewaterof the

surface50cm of peatusingprobesintegratingaseriesof "swampsuckers"similarto thedevice

describedby BurtonandBeauchamp(1994).Measurementsarereportedfor 0 (surface),5, 10,20,

30,40,and50cmdepths.Oneprofile probewasestablishedperplatformandtreatmentcombination,

yielding 16probes.Measurementsweremadeweeklycoincidentwith theflux measurements.

Temperatureprofilesof thesurface50cm of peatwereobtainedusingthermocouplesintegrated

with the swampsuckerprobe.Measurementsarereportedfor 0 (surface),5, 10,20,30,40,and50cm

depths.Measurementsweremadeweeklyto coincidewiththeflux measurementsin datasetone.

1.5 Discussion

Thesedatawerecollectedfrom asetof smalllocationswithin thefen,andthereforenoonelocation

representedtheentirestudysite.In fact,thefenin whichthisworkwasconductedwascharacterized

by alarge-scalegradientof vegetation,microtopography,andhydrologysuchthatthestudysiteitself

is representativeonly of theportionof thefenin whichit waslocated(i.e.,thelower 1/3).

ThesedatawerecollectedatthesamesiteandoverthesametimeperiodasShashiVermaandhis

teammeasuredmethaneandcarbondioxidefluxesusingeddycorrelation.Measurementsmadeusing

micrometeorologicalandchambertechniquescomprisedthetwo majorcomponentsof theTF-11eflbrt.

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREASTE-05CO2Concentrationandstableisotopecomposition

BOREAS

BOREAS

BOREAS

BOREAS

BOREAS

BOREAS

BOREAS

TF-11BiomassDataovertheSSA-Fen

TF-11CO2andCH4Flux datafrom theSSA-Fen

TGB-01/TGB-03CH4Chamberflux dataovertheNSA-Fen

TGB-01/TGB-03WaterTableandPeatTemperatureDataovertheNSA

TGB-03PlantSpeciesCompositionDataovertheNSA-Fen

TGB-01/TGB-03NEEDataovertheNSA-Fen

TGB-03CH4andCO2ChamberFlux DataoverNSA UplandSites

Page2
2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

David Valentine

Assistant Professor

Department of Forest Sciences

P.O. Box 757200

University of Alaska

Fairbanks, AK 99775-7200

2.2 Title of Investigation

Influence of Substrate Characteristics and Other Environmental Factors on Methane Emissions

from the BOREAS Southern Study Area Fen Site

2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

David Valentine

Department of Forest Sciences

P.O. Box 757200

University of Alaska

Fairbanks, AK 99775-7200

(907) 474-7614

(907) 474-6184 (fax)

ffdwv@ aurora, alaska.edu

Contact 2:

Jeffrey A. Newcomer

Raytheon ITSS

Code 923

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-7858

(301) 286-0239 (fax)

Jeffrey.Newcomer@ gsfc.nasa.gov

3. Theory of Measurements

Concentration profiles of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were measured by collecting

porewater samples at 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 cm using a probe integrating a series of

swampsuckers, similar in design to the one described by Burton and Beauchamp (1994). Porewater

CH4 concentration was determined by first stripping the porewater by adding an equal amount of air

and shaking the syringe for 5 minutes, then measuring the CH4 concentration in the equilibrated air

using a gas chromatograph (GC) equipped with a flame ionization detector (FID), and finally

back-calculating the porewater CH< concentration based on Henry's law partitioning. Carbon dioxide

concentrations in the headspace were measured by passing the chromatographically separated

headspace sample through a Shimadzu methanizer just upstream of the FID. Porewater concentrations

were calculated using Henry's law partitioning and accounting for pH of the porewater. The porewater

pH was measured after headspace equilibration with a Beckman pH meter and a combination pH probe

with an Ag/AgC1 reference electrode. Temperatures at each porewater sampling depth were measured

using twisted wire thermocouples in the gas profile sampling probe.

Page 3
4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

4.1.1 Collection Environment

Data were collected near mid-day (+/- 2 h) at weekly intervals for each platform. Flooding at the

site at the end of July 1994 prevented data collection for 1 week.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

The porewater profile samplers were placed, four per platform, at the beginning of the season and

remained in place throughout the summer.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

Not applicable.

4.1.4 Key Variables

Name Unit Description

PWCH4 _mol/L Dissolved methane

PWCO2 _mol/L Dissolved carbon dioxide

SOILT °C Peat temperature

pH pH unit Porewater pH after equilibration with headspace

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

A probe combining sampling tubes and twisted wire thermocouples at several depths is used to

measure temperatures and to obtain porewater samples for analysis of pH and concentrations of CH<

and CO2.

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

None given.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

The profile samplers were built by investigator. They were made of series of Teflon (PTFE) or

stainless steel tubing (1/80D) embedded in epoxy resin within 3/4" PVC pipe. All tubing elements

pass through the upper end of the pipe and terminate in a stopcock used for sampling. Each tubing

element terminates at a specific point along the side of the pipe corresponding to the depth to be

sampled. Opposite each side opening was a twisted wire thermocouple (copper-constantan), with lead

wires also exiting through the upper end of the pipe and terminating with plugs.

GC: GC-8A equipped with 1-mL sample injection loop, FID, and methanizer, manufactured by:

Shimadzu Scientific Instruments, Inc.

7102 Riverwood Drive

Columbia, MD 21046 USA

(410) 381-1227

(410) 381-1222 (fax)

(800) 477-1227

Page 4
Theelectronicthermometer:OmegamicroprocessorthermometermodelHH21,wasmanufacturedby:

OMEGA Engineering,Inc.

OneOmegaDrive

Stamford,CT 06907-0047

P.O.Box 4047

(800)826-6342

(203)359-1660

(203)359-7700(fax)

ThepH meter:Beckman11portablepHmeterwith automatictemperaturecompensationwith

BeckmancombinationpHprobe(Ag/AgC1referenceelectrode),manufacturedby:

BeckmanInstrumentsInc.

2500HarborBoulevard

Box 3100

Fullerton,CA 92634-3100

(800)742-2345

(800)643-4366(fax)

4.2 Calibration

4.2.1 Specifications

Profile samplers: Air bubbles drawn into the syringe from the sampler reflect gas bubbles in the

profile, and are typically very concentrated in CH4 (often 40% by volume). Our interest in the

concentration profile centered on how dissolved gases were distributed, and therefore we decided to

expel any sampled bubbles immediately.

Based on comparisons of the electronic thermometer with a laboratory mercury thermometer at

typical soil temperature ranges, all temperatures obtained from the thermocouples were adjusted

upward by 0.5 °C.

The pH meter was calibrated using commercially available pH buffers at pH 4 and 7.

The GC column oven was operated at 70 °C, FID temperature was 180 °C, and N2 carrier gas

flowed at 35 mL per minute.

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

None given.

4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

The GC was calibrated at the start of each day using one of two calibration standards, depending

on anticipated concentration ranges. Headspace samples from equilibrating porewater gas profile

samples had high concentrations of both methane and carbon dioxide, so we used a standard

containing 10,000 ppmv (analysis + 2%) of both these gases (Scotty IV Can mix 216, obtained from

Scott Specialty Gases, Longmont, CO 80501, (303) 442-4700). For flux measurements entailing

much lower concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide, we diluted the above-referenced Scotty

standard 10:1 with ambient air. This was done by loading a stopcock-fitted, 60-mL polypropylene

syringe with excess standard, expelling all but 6 mL, then immediately pulling in outside ambient air to

make up 60 mL. Calculation of the diluted standard accounted for average concentrations of methane

and carbon dioxide in ambient air. Analyses of diluted standards yielded reproducibility across

dilutions of better than 3%. All standards were run on the GC until reproducibility was better than 1%

over the course of three standard injections from a single syringe. Calibration was rechecked initially

every 10 samples, but detector stability was so high that calibration was checked only at the end of the

day for most of the season. End-of-day calibration checks were always within 5% of the starting

calibration.

The pH probe was subject to drift, so a 2-point calibration was performed after every 10 samples.

Page 5
4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

None given.

5. Data Acquisition Methods

Profiles of peat temperature and concentrations of methane and carbon dioxide were measured

concurrently with the flux measurements. We sampled 20 mL of the surface water directly with a

60-mL polypropylene syringe, and for subsurface concentrations combined the syringe with a sampler

similar to the one described by Burton and Beauchamp (1994) with ports at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50

cm. We added a twisted wire copper-constantan thermocouple at each depth, and measured

temperature using an electronic thermometer. Any bubbles drawn into the syringe were expelled

immediately after sampling, and the water samples were stored in a refrigerator at 4 °C until analysis

within 4 days. Analysis consisted first making a 1:1 headspace:water mixture in the syringe using

ambient air, then shaking vigorously for 5 minutes. The equilibrated headspace was then injected into

the GC and analyzed as above for CH4 and CO2. Original porewater concentrations were calculated

based on Henry's Law partitioning corrected for temperature and, for CO2, the water pH after

equilibration (after Shurpali et al., 1993).

Temperature at each depth was measured simply by plugging each thermocouple lead into the

electronic thermometer.

The pH of each porewater sample was measured after headspace equilibration. The sample was

stirred gently during the measurement, and the pH was recorded after the reading stabilized (generally

after 2 min.).

6. Observations

6.1 Data Notes

Profile and other data are sparse or missing for the end of July 1994 because heavy rains raised the

water table above the tops of all chamber collars and of most platforms.

6.2 Field Notes

None given.

7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

All measurements were made along two transects identified by their location relative to the TF- 11

micrometeorology tower: a north transect (NA and NB platforms) and a south transect (SA and SB

platforms). All measurements were made within 70 m of the TF- 11 tower, whose North American

Datum of 1983 (NAD83) coordinates are 53.80206°N, 104.61798°W.

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not available.

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

These data are point measurements at the given locations.

7.1.4 Projection

Not applicable.

Page 6
7.1.5 Grid Description

Not applicable.

7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

Data for each platform were collected weekly from 08-Jun-1994 until 15-Sep-1994.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

None.

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

Each profile was sampled approximately weekly. Concentration profile data were optimally

collected at daily time intervals.

7.3 Data Characteristics

7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

C ADDED

N ADDED

PEAT DEPTH

PEAT TEMP

DISS CH4 CONC

DISS CO2 CONC

POREWATER PH

SITE COMMENTS

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

The identifier assigned to the site br BOREAS, in

the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies

the portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG,

TRN, and TTT identifies the cover type for the

site, 999 if unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier

for site, exactly what it means will vary with

site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by BOREAS,

in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is the

group associated with the sub-site instrument,

e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the identifier

for sub-site, often this will refer to an

Page 7
DATE OBS

TIME OBS

C ADDED

N ADDED

PEAT DEPTH

PEAT TEMP

DISS CH4 CONC

DlSS CO2 CONC

POREWATER PH

SITE COMMENTS

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

The Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) when the data were

collected.

Estimated amount of carbon contained in the wheat

straw that was added to the plot.

Estimated amount of nitrogen contained in the

urea that was added to the plot.

The depth below the peat surface.

The peat temperature measured at the given depth.

Dissolved methane concentration at the given

depth.

Dissolved carbon dioxide concentration at the

given depth.

Porewater pH after equilibrium with headspace.

Descriptive information to clarify or enhance the

site information.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI

but questionable).

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The measurement units for the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Units

SITE NAME [none]

SUB SITE [none]

DATE OBS [DD-MON-YY]

TIME OBS [HHMM GMT]

C ADDED [grams C] [meter^-2]

N ADDED [grams C] [meter^-2]

PEAT DEPTH [millimeters]

PEAT TEMP [Celsius]

DISS CH4 CONC [micromoles] [liter^-l]

DISS CO2 CONC [micromoles] [liter^-l]

POREWATER PH [pH]

SITE COMMENTS [none]

CRTFCN CODE [none]

REVISION DATE [DD-MON-YY]

7.3.4 Data Source

The sources of the parameter values contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Data Source

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

TIME OBS

C ADDED

[Assigned by BORIS Staff]

[Assigned by BORIS Staff]

[Investigator]

[Investigator]

[Investigator]

Page 8
N ADDED

PEAT DEPTH

PEAT TEMP

DISS CH4 CONC

DISS CO2 CONC

POREWATER PH

SITE COMMENTS

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

[Investigator]

[Investigator]

[Thermometer]

[Gas chromatograph]

[Gas chromatograph]

[pH meter]

[Investigator]

[Assigned by BORIS Staff]

[Assigned by BORIS Staff

7.3.5 Data Range

The following table gives information about the p_ameter values found in the data files on the

CD-ROM.

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SITE NAME SSA-FEN-FLXTR SSA-FEN-FLXTR None None None None

SUB SITE 9TFII-CON01 9TFII-CON08 None None None None

DATE OBS 08-JUN-94 17-SEP-94 None None None None

TIME OBS 1 2202 None None None None

C ADDED 0 300 None None None None

N ADDED 0 6 None None None None

PEAT DEPTH 0 500 None None None None

PEAT TEMP -i.i 20.6 None None None Blank

DISS CH4 CONC .01 1750.45 None None None Blank

DISS CO2 CONC 66 14544 None None None Blank

POREWATER PH 5.59 7.1 None None None Blank

SITE COMMENTS N/A N/A None None None None

CRTFCN CODE CPI CPI None None None None

REVISION DATE 09-SEP-98 09-SEP-98 None None None None

Minimum Data Value -- The minimum value found in the column.

Maximum Data Value -- The maximum value found in the column.

Missng Data Value -- The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Unrel Data Value -- The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

to indicate an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the value was deemed to be

unreliable by the analysis personnel.

Below Detect Limit -- The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation.

Data Not Cllctd -- This value indicates that no attempt was made to

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BORIS combined several similar but

not identical data sets into the same data base table

but this particular science team did not

measure that parameter.

Page 9
Blank -- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

N/A -- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

None -- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

7.4 Sample Data Record

The following are wrapped versions of data record from a sample data file on the CD-ROM.

SITE NAME,SUB SITE,DATE OBS,TIME OBS,C ADDED,N ADDED,PEAT DEPTH,PEAT TEMP,

DISS CH4 CONC,DISS CO2 CONC,POREWATER PH, SITE COMMENTS,CRTFCN CODE,REVISION DATE

'SSA-FEN-FLXTR', '9TFII-CONO2',O8-JUN-94,1011,300,6,0,, .01,66.0,6.92,

'Hollow: North of Tower, along transect A', 'CPI',09-SEP-98

'SSA-FEN-FLXTR', '9TFII-CONO2',O8-JUN-94,1011,300,6,50,14.5,1.53,1458.0,6.92,

'Hollow: North of Tower, along transect A', 'CPI',09-SEP-98

8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest unit of data tracked by the BOREAS Information System (BORIS) is the

measurement(s) made for a given site on a given day.

8.2 Data Format(s)

The Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) files contain American Standard Code for

Information Interchange (ASCII) numerical and character fields of varying length separated by

commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between

the fields.

Each data file on the CD-ROM has four header lines of Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML)

code at the top. When viewed with a Web browser, this code displays header information (data set

title, location, date, acknowledgments, etc.) and a series of HTML links to associated data files and

related data sets. Line 5 of each data file is a list of the column names, and line 6 and following lines

contain the actual data.

9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

None given.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

9.2.1 Processing Steps

None given.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None given.

9.3 Calculations

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

None given.

Page 10
9.3.2 Calculated Variables

Porewater CH4 concentration (PWCH4) was calculated as:

CH4hs * P/Po * Kh + Vhs/Vw * (CH4hs-CH4amb) * P/RT

where: CH4hs is the equilibrated headspace concentration of CH4 (ppm)

P and Po are ambient and sea-level atmospheric pressures (101325 Pa)

Kh is the Henry's law constant for CH4 at ambient temperature (298 K)

Vhs and Vw are the volumes of headspace and water in the syringe

CH4amb is the ambient CH4 concentration (1.8 ppmv)

R is the universal gas constant (8314.4 [L Pa]/[K mol]

T is the ambient temperature (298 K)

Porewater CO2 concentration (PWCO2) was calculated as:

CO2hs * P/Po * Kh*(I+Kal/10pH * (I+Ka2/10pH)) + Vhs/Vw*(CO2hs-CO2amb)*P/RT

where: CO2hs is the equilibrated headspace concentration of CO2 (ppm)

P and Po are ambient and sea-level atmospheric pressures (101325 Pa)

Kh is the Henry's law constant for CO2 at ambient temperature (298 K)

Kal and Ka2 are the 1st and 2rid dissociation constants for aqueous CO2

pH is the pH of the porewater after stripping

Vhs and Vw are the volumes of headspace and water in the syringe

COzamb is the ambient CO2 concentration (350 ppmv)

R is the universal gas constant (8314.4 [L Pa]/[K tool])

T is the ambient temperature (298 K)

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None given.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

During sampling, a leak in the syringe or elsewhere in the profile probe system could generate

bubbles that would strip gases from the sample. As bubbles were expelled after sampling, this may

have reduced the calculated porewater contents of CH4 and CO2.

Samples could not be run immediately because the time involved in retuning the GC normal flux

measurement mode to lower sensitivity in order to run porewater samples was prohibitive. We stored

the porewater samples in a refrigerator at N4 °C for up to 4 days in order to run all weekly porewater

samples once per week. We do not know what error may have accrued from the storage, but microbial

respiration may have boosted CO2 levels and decreased CH4 levels.

10.2 Quality Assessment

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

None given.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

The degree to which CH4 and CO2 concentrations may have changed during sample storage is

unknown and likely variable. Nevertheless, the existence of good correlations between CH4 flux and

concentration data suggest that these errors are likely small and do not dominate real patterns of gas

concentrations in time or space.

Page 11
10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

None given.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

None given.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

Data were examined for general consistency and clarity.

11.1 Limitations of the Data

See Section 10.1.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

See Section 10.1.

11.3 Usage Guidance

None given.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None given.

11. Notes

12. Application of the Data Set

Several avenues are being pursued in publications now being produced to answer the following

questions. For this data set, we are most interested in how and why CH4 concentration profiles and

flux measurements vary through time and across the landscape.

None.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

14. Software

14.1 Software Description

We used only commercially available software, mostly Quattro Pro spreadsheet and the Statistical

Analysis System (SAS).

14.2 Software Access

None given.

Page 12
15. Data Access

The C02 and CH4 concentration data are available from the Earth Observing System Data and

Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive

Center (DAAC).

15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

These data are available from the BOREAS CD-ROM series.

Page 13
17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

None given.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Burton, D.L. and E.G. Beauchamp. 1994. Profile nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide concentrations in

a soil subject to freezing. Soil Science Society of America Journal 58(1): 115-22.

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson,

A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. 2000. Collected Data of The

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM.

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1994. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1994-3.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 94).

Sellers, P. and F. Hall. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: Experiment Plan. Version

1996-2.0, NASA BOREAS Report (EXPLAN 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1996. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1994

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 94).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, and K.F. Huemmrich. 1997. Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study: 1996

Operations. NASA BOREAS Report (OPS DOC 96).

Sellers, P., F. Hall, H. Margolis, B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi, G. den Hartog, J. Cihlar, M.G. Ryan, B.

Goodison, P. Crill, K.J. Ranson, D. Lettenmaier, and D.E. Wickland. 1995. The boreal

ecosystem-atmosphere study (BOREAS): an overview and early results from the 1994 field year.

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 76(9): 1549-1577.

Sellers, P.J., F.G. Hall, R.D. Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi, J. Berry, M. Ryan, K.J. Ranson, P.M.

Crill, D.P. Lettenmaier, H. Margolis, J. Cihlar, J. Newcomer, D. Fitzjarrald, P.G. Jarvis, S.T.

Gower, D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison, D.E. Wickland, and F.E. Guertin. 1997. BOREAS

in 1997: Experiment Overview, Scientific Results and Future Directions. Journal of Geophysical

Research 102(D24): 28,731-28,770.

Shurpali, N.J., S.B. Verma, R.J. Clement, and D.P. Billesbach. 1993. Seasonal distribution of

methane flux in a Minnesota peatland measured by eddy correlation. Journal of Geophysical Research

98(D11):20,649-20,655.

Valentine, D.W., E.A. Holland, and D.S. Schimel. 1994. Ecosystem and physiological controls over

methane production in northern wetlands. Journal of Geophysical Research 99(D 1):1563-71.

Whiting, G.J. and J.P. Chanton. 1993. Primary production control of methane emission from

wetlands. Nature 364:794-5.

17.3 Arehive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None.

18. Glossary of Terms

Page 14
ASCII

BOREAS

BORIS

CD-ROM

DAAC

EOS

EOSDIS

GIS

GSFC

HTML

NAD83

NASA

NEE

NPP

NSA

ORNL

PANP

PBR

SAS

SSA

TE

TF

TGB

URL

19. List of Acronyms

- American Standard Code for Information Interchange

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Geographic Information System

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- HyperText Markup Language

- North American Datum of 1983

- National Aeronautics and Space Administration

- Net Ecosystem Exchange

- Net Primary Productivity

- Northern Study Area

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Productivity/Biomass Ratio

- Statistical Analysis System

- Southern Study Area

- Terrestrial Ecology

- Tower Flux

- Trace Gas Biogeochemistry

- Uniform Resource Locator

20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date

Written: 29-Jan- 1997

Last Updated: 06-Aug- 1999

20.2 Document Review Date(s)

BORIS Review: 06-Oct- 1998

Science Review:

20.3 Document ID

20.4 Citation

When using these data, please include the following acknowledgment as well as citations of

relevant papers in Section 17.2:

Valentine, D.W. 1996. Influence of substrate characteristics and other environmental factors on

methane emissions from the BOREAS Southern Study Area fen site. II. Profiles of gas concentration,

temperature, and pH in the surface peat.

Page 15
If usingdatafromtheBOREASCD-ROM series,alsoreferencethedataas:

Valentine,D., "InfluenceofSubstrateCharacteristicsandOtherEnvironmentalFactorsonMethane

EmissionsfromtheBOREASSouthernStudyAreaFenSite."In CollectedDataof TheBoreal

Ecosystem-AtmosphereStudy.Eds.J.Newcomer,D. Landis,S.Conrad,S.Curd,K. Huemmrich,

D. Knapp,A. Morrell, J.Nickeson,A. Papagno,D. Rinker, R. Strub,T. Twine,F. Hall, andP.

Sellers.CD-ROM.NASA, 2000.

Also,citetheBOREASCD-ROMsetas:

Newcomer,J.,D. Landis,S.Conrad,S.Curd,K. Huemmrich,D. Knapp,A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson,A. Papagno,D. Rinker,R.Strub,T. Twine,F. Hall, andP.Sellers,eds.CollectedDataof

TheBorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy.NASA. CD-ROM.NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 16
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

November 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5. FUNDING NUMBERS

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TF-11 CO 2 and CH 4 Concentration Data from the SSA-Fen 923

6. AUTHOR(S) RTOP: 923-462-33-01

David W. Valentine

Forrest G. Hall and Sara Conrad, Editors

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 211

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

D.W. Valentine: University of Alaska, Fairbanks; Sara Conrad: DynCorp

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TF-11 team collected several data sets in its efforts to fully describe the flux and site

characteristics at the SSA-Fen site. This data set contains temperature, pH, and concentration profiles

of methane and carbon dioxide within the surface 50 cm of peat. The measurements were conducted

as part of a 2 x 2 factorial experiment in which we added carbon (300 g/m 2 as wheat straw) and nitrogen (6 g/m 2 as urea) to four replicate locations in the vicinity of the TF- 11 tower. The data set covers

the period from the first week of June 1994 through the second week of September 1994. The data are

stored in tabular ASCII files.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, tower flux.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

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16

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20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT

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