Spark-Ignition Marine Engineand Boat RegulationsStaff PresentationAir Resources BoardJuly 24, 20081Air Resources BoardCalifornia Environmental Protection AgencyBOARD HEARINGOptional standards for SD/I 5 g/kW-hr HC+NOxstandardadopted2005High performance SD/I engines > 373 kW will be subject tothe 5 g/kW-hr HC+NOxstandard2009SD/I engines≤373 kW comply with the 5 g/kW-hr standard2007 / 2008Sterndrive/Inboard (SD/I) HC+NOxstandards adopted2001Outboard/Personal Watercraft (OB/PWC) hydrocarbon andoxides of nitrogen (HC+NOx) standards adopted1998Regulatory Timeline2•Provide relief to the smallvolume manufacturers ofhigh performancesterndrive/inboard engines•Reduce the risk of carbonmonoxide poisoning fromall spark-ignition marineengines•Streamline the regulations3Reasons for Action4High Performance Engines (> 373 kW)5Few in Number, High PerformanceEngines Are Significant Polluters2.034.22150 - 250Projected Benefit from the5 g/kW-hr Exhaust Standard[tons per day]UncontrolledInventory[tons per day]AnnualSalesHIGH PERFORMANCE HC+NOxEMISSIONS2020 Statewide Summer Weekend Estimates•The technological solution we envisionedwhen we adopted the 5 g/kW-hr HC+NOxstandard did not materialize:–Existing catalyst technology is not durable atsustained wide open throttle operation–Limited economies of scale do not support thedevelopment of a proprietary technology for only200 engine sales per year6Catalysts aren’t the Answer forHigh Performance Engines7An intermediate volume manufacturer certifies between 75 and 500 combined high and standard performanceenginesper year in CaliforniaQualifying intermediate volume manufacturers certify at least 12 times as many standard performance engines as highperformance enginesProposed High Performance HC+NOxStandards22.0kW > 4855.016.0373 < kW≤4852011 and later25.0kW > 4855.016.0373 < kW≤4852009 - 2010UncontrolledkW > 373pre 2009Large Volume orQualifyingIntermediate VolumeManufacturerSmall Volume orNon-QualifyingIntermediate VolumeManufacturerHC+NOxSTANDARD[grams per kilowatt-hour]POWERCATEGORY[kilowatts]MODELYEARProposed High PerformanceEvaporative Design Specifications0.16 / 0.401.515.0TankHoseDIURNALSPECIFICATIONS[grams per gallon per day]PERMEATIONSPECIFICATIONS[grams per square meter per day]89Emissions Neutral Solution2020 Statewide Summer Weekend HC+NOxBenefitsEmissions Benefit from Existing 5 g/kW-hr ExhaustStandard for All High Performance Manufacturers2.03[tons per day]2.030.41Proposed Evaporative Controls(Canister, Tanks, Hoses)1.620.20Proposed 16/25 g/kW-hr Standardfor Small Volume Manufacturers1.421.42Existing 5 g/kW-hr Standard forLarge Volume ManufacturersCUMULATIVEBENEFIT[tons per day]INCREMENTALBENEFIT[tons per day]PROPOSED REQUIREMENTS10Proposal Allows Alternative Means ofCompliance for Large Volume Manufacturers•Use more carbon canisterson standard performanceboats to offset emissions•Other manufacturer-specificmeasures approved by theExecutive Officer (e.g.,voluntary lower standards)•43 cases of carbon monoxide poisoning werereported in California between 1990 and 2004•10 deaths occurred in California between2001 and 2006•All marine engines can be dangerous sourcesof carbon monoxide to vessel occupants andto occupants of other nearby vessels orswimmers11Carbon Monoxide is Deadly to Boatershttp://www.dbw.ca.gov/BoaterInfo/CODanger.aspxhttp://info.sen.ca.gov/pub/03-04/bill/asm/ab_2201-2250/ab_2222_bill_20040917_chaptered.pdf12Proposed Carbon Monoxide Standards350.075.0300.0500 - 5 x PCO STANDARD[grams per kilowatt-hour]FixedFixedFixedFixedTYPEkW > 373kW≤373SD/I(sterndrive / inboard)kW > 40kW≤402010and laterOB/PWC(outboard / personalwatercraft)MAXIMUMPOWER[kilowatts]MODELYEARENGINECATEGORYJet Boats13•Jet boats are commonlymarketed as competitors toboats with sterndriveengines•Jet boats have transomsand are used in tow sports•Proposed federal definitionfor “sterndrive/inboardengines” encompasses jetboat engines14Jet Boats Should be Treated Like SterndrivesProposed Jet Boat Requirements•Jet boat engines will bereclassified as SD/I engines•New jet boat engines mustcomply with the SD/Istandards in 2010 (unlessreplacing an engine ofequal or lesser stringency)•Existing jet boat enginesmay continue to be certifiedto the OB/PWC standardsuntil 201215Voluntary Standards0.41.515.050.02.50TankHoseDIURNALSTANDARD[grams per gallon per day]PERMEATIONSTANDARDS[grams per square meter per day]COSTANDARD[grams per kilowatt-hour]HC+NOxSTANDARD[grams per kilowatt-hour]5 STAR Voluntary Standards16•Simplified certification procedures•Methane-inclusive hydrocarbon standards•Not-To-Exceed (NTE) limits•Hardship relief provisions•Updated on-board diagnostics requirements•Updated replacement engine provisions•Standardized rebuilding practices•Hang-Tag durability provisionsHighlights of Other Proposed Action17•Authorize the Executive Officer to approvemanufacturer specific alternatives forcomplying with high performance requirements•Create intermediate volume category for highperformance engine manufacturers•Change the commencement date for carbonmonoxide standards to 2010•Permit replacement jet boat engines to complywith the OB/PWC standards until 2012Proposed 15 Day Changes18ConclusionsThe Proposed Amendments:•Facilitate Compliance–Relief for small businesses–Greater flexibility•Reduce Carbon MonoxideExposure•Preserve Emission Benefits–2.03 tons per day reduction ofHC+NOxin 2020 from highperformance engines19