NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 247

S on the

Study (BOREAS)

11and Sara K. C6 Editors

247

,S TGB-12 Isotropic Carbon Dioxide

"1,E. Sundquist, and G. Winston

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NASA/TMm2000-209891, Vol. 247

Technical Report Series on the

Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

Volume 247

BOREAS TGB-12 Isotropic Carbon Dioxide

Data over the NSA

Susan Trumbore, University of California, Irvine

Eric Sundquist and Greg Winston, U.S. Geological Survey, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

National Aeronautics and

Space Administration

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

November 2000
NASA Center for AeroSpace Information

7121 Standard Drive

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Price Code: A17

Available from:

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Price Code: A10
BOREAS TGB-12 Isotopic Carbon Dioxide Data over the NSA

Sue Trumbore, Eric Sundquist, Greg Winston

Summary

The BOREAS TGB- 12 team made measurements of soil carbon inventories, carbon concentration in

soil gases, and rates of soil respiration at several sites to estimate the rates of carbon accumulation and

turnover in each of the major vegetation types. This data set contains information on the carbon

isotopic content of carbon dioxide sampled from soils in the NSA-OBS, NSA-YJP, and NSA-OJP

sites. Data were collected from 14-Nov-1993 to 10-Oct-1996. The data are stored in tabular ASCII

files.

Table of Contents

1) Data Set Overview

2) Investigator(s)

3) Theory of Measurements

4) Equipment

5) Data Acquisition Methods

6) Observations

7) Data Description

8) Data Organization

9) Data Manipulations

10) Errors

11) Notes

12) Application of the Data Set

13) Future Modifications and Plans

14) Software

15) Data Access

16) Output Products and Availability

17) References

18) Glossary of Terms

19) List of Acronyms

20) Document Information

1. Data Set Overview

1.1 Data Set Identification

BOREAS TGB-12 Isotopic Carbon Dioxide Data over the NSA

1.2 Data Set Introduction

The data collected by the BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) Trace Gas

Biogeochemistry (TGB)-12 team include CO2 flux rates and concentrations in the soil atmosphere at

selected sites, as well as 14C measurements of CO2. Our measurements were designed to cover the

winter period.

Page 1
1.3 Objective/Purpose

The objectives were: To estimate rates of carbon input, turnover, and accumulation in the soils of

each of the major vegetation types at the BOREAS study sites. The primary tool was the measure of

14C content in soils, litter, and soil atmospheres, and the measurement of CO2 emissions from the soil.

To relate our estimates of dynamics of soil carbon to ecosystem models of the carbon cycle, to other

measures of C cycling dynamics, to regional models of soil carbon accumulation, and to spatial and

temporal models of soil moisture and drainage.

1.4 Summary of Parameters

14C data are presented in Delta notation (the per mil difference in the ratio of 14C/12C in the sample

from that of an absolute standard - 1895 wood). We also express what fraction of the bulk soil was

used for radiocarbon measurement - plant macrofossils, chemically extracted clay, etc.).

1.5 Discussion

Winter fluxes of C02 are often assumed to be zero in northern environments. Our goal in this

series of measurements was to quantify the importance of winter CO2 emissions to the annual carbon

balance at the Northern Study Area (NSA) Young Jack Pine (YJP), Old Jack Pine (OJP), and Old

Black Spruce (OBS) tower sites. In addition, radiocarbon measurements of 14C in CO2 were used to

determine whether winter and summer respiration had different sources. Sites were the same ones used

by TGB-01 and TGB-03 for studies of soil respiration during May to October.

The steady-state 14C content of the atmosphere is determined by the exchange of carbon in CO2

with that in ocean and biospheric reservoirs. Because of the relatively rapid cycling of carbon between

the atmosphere and living biomass, most short-lived plant tissues maintain a 14C specific activity that

equals that of atmospheric CO2. CO2 derived from old organic matter that has resided in soils for

several hundred years will have lower radiocarbon content than that derived from more recently fixed

carbon.

1.6 Related Data Sets

BOREAS TGB-12 Radon222 Activity Data over the NSA

BOREAS TGB-12 Radon222 Flux Data over the NSA

BOREAS TGB- 12 Soil Carbon Data over the NSA

BOREAS TGB-12 Soil Carbon and Flux Data of NSA-MSA in Raster Format

BOREAS TGB-01 Soil CH4 and CO2 Profile Data over the NSA

BOREAS TGB-01 NSA SF6 Chamber Flux Data over the NSA

2. Investigator(s)

2.1 Investigator(s) Name and Title

Susan Trumbore

Earth System Science

University of California Irvine

2.2 Title of Investigation

Input, Accumulation and Turnover of Carbon in Boreal Forest Soils

Page 2
2.3 Contact Information

Contact 1:

Sue Trumbore

Earth System Science

University of California

Irvine, CA 92697-3100

(714) 824-6142

(714) 824-3256 (fax)

setrumbo@uci.edu

Contact 2:

Eric Sundquist

U.S. Geological Survey

Quisett Campus

Woods Hole, MA 02543

(508) 457-2397

sundquist@nobska.wr.usgs.gov

Contact 3:

Greg Winston

U.S. Geological Survey

Quisett Campus

Woods Hole, MA 02543

Contact 4:

Jeffrey A. Newcomer

Raytheon ITSS

Code 923

NASA GSFC

Greenbelt, MD 20771

(301) 286-7858

(301) 286-0239 (fax)

Jeffrey.Newcomer@ gsfc.nasa.gov

3. Theory of Measurements

Soil fluxes were measured using chamber methods, which involve enclosing the airspace over soil and

monitoring the mixing ratio of gases within the chamber over time. For radiocarbon, we needed to trap

the CO2 out of the chamber headspace to collect enough carbon for the 14C measurement. Specifics are

given in Winston et al. (1997) and Section 4, below.

Measurements of soil gas concentrations may be combined with estimates of the rate of diffusion in

soils to determine the contribution to surface CO2 emissions derived from various soil depths (see

Davidson and Trumbore, 1995, for an example). To do this in BOREAS, we measured CO2,

temperature, and moisture profiles, as well as 222Rn for estimating soil diffusivity. Special pits were

instrumented with thermistors (for monitoring soil temperature), Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR)

probes (for monitoring soil water content), and soil gas probes (1/8" stainless steel tubing, perforated

at one end and inserted 50 to 100 cm laterally into the soil pit wall, capped with 1/8" swagelock union

fittings sealed with a septum). Further details are given in Winston et al. (1997) and in Section 4,

below.

Page 3
Calculationof aradiocarbonagerequirestheassumptionthatthe14Ccontentof thecarbon

originallyfixedin planttissuesequaledthatof theatmosphericCO2in 1950(0.95timestheactivity of

oxalicacid,or Modern).In fact,the14Ccontentof theatmospherehasvariedwith timebecauseof

changesin theproductionrateof 14C(cosmicrayflux andmagneticfield variations)andbecauseof

changesin thedistributionof carbonamongocean,biosphere,andatmosphericreservoirs.These

variations,deducedfrom the14Ccontentof celluloseof knownagetakenfrom theannualgrowth

ringsof trees,aregenerallylessthan10%overthepast7,000years.Morerecentchangesin the14C

contentof atmosphericCO2haveresultedfrom dilutionby 14C-freefossil-fuel-derivedcarbonandby

theproductionof 14Cduring atmospheric testing of thermonuclear weapons (bomb 14C). The latter

effect dominates other natural and fossil fuel effects, as the atmospheric burden of 14C was

approximately doubled in the few years preceding the implementation of the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

in 1964. This isotopic spike in the global carbon system provides a means for radiocarbon to be a

useful tracer of carbon cycle processes on the scale of decades.

We express 14C data in the geochemical Delta notation, the deviation in parts per thousand (per

mil) from an absolute standard (95 times the activity of NBS oxalic acid measured in 1950). In this

notation, zero equals the 14C content of 1895 wood, positive values indicate the presence of 'bomb'

radiocarbon, and negative values indicate the predominance of C fixed from the atmosphere more than

several hundred years ago.

For seeds, deciduous leaves, etc., that represent a single year's growth, the 14C content of recent

samples may be used to determine the age of a sample to within a year or two (for samples in the

'bomb' period, <30 years old). The 14C content of the sample is compared to the 14C record of

atmospheric C in the Northern Hemisphere (see Burcholadze reference, below, as an example).

Evergreen needles, that may average several years' growth, will have higher 14C signatures than

deciduous leaves that grew since 1964.

For samples prior to 1960, radiocarbon ages in years may be calculated from the given Delta values

as -8033*(in(Delta*.995/1000 +1)). The conventional radiocarbon age must be converted to a

calibrated age using the tree-ring-based calibration curves, which correct for known variations in

atmospheric 14C over time Both ages are usually rounded to the nearest decade or pentade.

One application of radiocarbon to soil science lies in the relatively straightforward 14C dating of

charcoal and plant macrofossils to determine the accumulation rate of C in vertically aggrading soils

(like peats, or moss layers). Unlike the closed systems represented by intact macrofossils, such as

seeds or pollen, bulk soil organic matter is a heterogeneous reservoir with a variety of turnover times,

to which carbon is continuously added (as new plant matter) and lost (as leached organic carbon or

CO2). The radiocarbon content of soil organic matter cannot be interpreted as a 'date,' but represents

the average age of a carbon atom in this reservoir.

The breakdown of C into faster- and slower-cycling pools may be determined by combining

several approaches; see the articles in Section 17 for more information (this is an evolving research

field and no one approach is accepted as valid for all soils).

4. Equipment

4.1 Sensor/Instrument Description

Because all of the equipment used in this project is common to many other projects and no special

procedures were used, description detail has been minimized in this section, and the reader is referred

to the appropriate publications.

• Davidson and Trumbore, 1995

• Stephens and Sundquist, 1998

• Trumbore and Harden, 1997

• Winston et al., 1997

• Harden et al., 1997

Page 4
Flux chamberswereusedto measure CO2 fluxes and to collect CO2 for radiocarbon measurements.

See Stephens and Sundquist (1998) and Winston et al (1997) for details. Stainless steel (1/8 inch)

probes were used to collect soil atmosphere samples from different depths. Samples for CO2

concentration measurement were removed by syringe; larger volume samples for 14C determination

were collected by attaching pre-evacuated, electropolished, stainless steel cans of 500cc volume.

Lab Equipment - Carlo Erba NA1500 carbon and nitrogen combustion analyzer; vacuum lines for

purification of CO2 from combusted samples and graphite target preparation. The accelerator mass

spectrometer (AMS) used for 14C measurement is described in Southon et al. (1992) and Trumbore

(1998).

14CO2 efflux from soil: Samples for 14C measurement of total soil respiration are collected from

the headspace of a dynamic chamber using molecular sieve 13X traps. First, atmospheric CO2 trapped

during chamber emplacement is removed by circulating headspace air at flow rates of N500 cm3/min

through a soda lime column. Scrubbing continues until the equivalent of two chamber volumes has

been passed over the soda lime. The molecular sieve trap then replaces the soda lime scrubber and CO2

is trapped from circulating chamber air until enough has been collected for isotopic (13 C and 14C)

measurements. Trapping times vary from about 10 minutes to an hour, depending on the soil CO2

emission rate. CO2 is released from the trap at 500 °C, and purified cryogenically. One aliquot of the

sample is measured for 13C content by stable isotope mass spectrometry. A second aliquot is reduced

to graphite for 14C measurement by AMS. Comparison of 13C data for ambient air (sampled at the

same site) with the 13C content of soil organic matter is used to correct the 14C data for small amounts

of ambient air remaining in the sample.

4.1.1 Collection Environment

Samples were collected mostly in over two winters, though summer measurements were also made

for isotopes.

4.1.2 Source/Platform

Ground.

4.1.3 Source/Platform Mission Objectives

None given.

4.1.4 Key Variables

The key variables are the CO 2 concentration, CO 2 flUX and del 14C of CO2.

4.1.5 Principles of Operation

None given.

4.1.6 Sensor/Instrument Measurement Geometry

None given.

4.1.7 Manufacturer of Sensor/Instrument

A LI-COR CO2 analyzer was used to measure CO2 fluxes in the field. The gas chromatography

system described by TGB-01 (Crill) was used to determine CO2 concentrations in soil air.

4.2 Calibration

4.2.1 Specifications

See Winston et al., 1997.

4.2.1.1 Tolerance

See Winston et al., 1997.

Page 5
4.2.2 Frequency of Calibration

See Winston et al., 1997.

4.2.3 Other Calibration Information

See Winston et al., 1997.

5. Data Acquisition Methods

14C. Carbon-14 is measured by accelerator mass spectrometry of graphite targets prepared from CO 2

(see one of several references, including Trumbore, 1995). Samples (of 1-2 mg carbon equivalent) are

combusted in vacuum in quartz tubes with cupric oxide wire at 900 °C. The resulting CO2 is purified

cryogenically, then reduced to graphite coating cobalt powder in a sealed Pyrex tube at 500-550 °C

with zinc and titanium hydride powder. AMS measurements were made at the Lawrence Livermore

National Laboratory Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry. One sigma precision is usually +/-

8-10 per mil (0.8-1.0 % Modem) and overall accuracy (based on repeated measurements of

substandards prepared in the same way as samples) is 1.0-1.5% of Modem (10-15 per mil).

6.1 Data Notes

None given.

6.2 Field Notes

None given.

6. Observations

7. Data Description

7.1 Spatial Characteristics

7.1.1 Spatial Coverage

The North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83) coordinates for the sites are:

Site Latitude Longitude

NSA-OBS 55.88007N 98.48139W

NSA-YJP 55.89575N 98.28706W

NSA-OJP 55.92842N 98.62396W

7.1.2 Spatial Coverage Map

Not applicable

7.1.3 Spatial Resolution

These data are point measurements at the given locations.

7.1.4 Projection

Not applicable.

7.1.5 Grid Description

Not applicable

Page 6
7.2 Temporal Characteristics

7.2.1 Temporal Coverage

The data were collected over the period of 14-Nov-1993 to 10-Oct-1996. Data collection was not

continuous; most CO2 fluxes were measured in winter.

7.2.2 Temporal Coverage Map

None.

7.2.3 Temporal Resolution

None given.

7.3 Data Characteristics

7.3.1 Parameter/Variable

The parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

CO2 FLUX

DEL 14C

SITE COMMENTS

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

7.3.2 Variable Description/Definition

The descriptions of the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Description

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

CO2 FLUX

DEL 14C

SITE COMMENTS

CRTFCN CODE

The identifier assigned to the site by BOREAS, in

the format SSS-TTT-CCCCC, where SSS identifies the

portion of the study area: NSA, SSA, REG, TRN, and

TTT identifies the cover type for the site, 999 if

unknown, and CCCCC is the identifier for site,

exactly what it means will vary with site type.

The identifier assigned to the sub-site by BOREAS,

in the format GGGGG-IIIII, where GGGGG is the

group associated with the sub-site instrument,

e.g. HYD06 or STAFF, and IIIII is the identifier

for sub-site, often this will refer to an

instrument.

The date on which the data were collected.

Carbon Dioxide flux.

The del 14C is a relative difference between the

sample and the 95% oxalic acid 1 standard,

relative to the 95% oxalic acid 1 standard.

Descriptive information to clarify or enhance the

site information.

The BOREAS certification level of the data.

Examples are CPI (Checked by PI), CGR (Certified

Page 7
REVISION DATE

by Group), PRE (Preliminary), and CPI-??? (CPI but

questionable).

The most recent date when the information in the

referenced data base table record was revised.

7.3.3 Unit of Measurement

The measurement units for the parameters contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Units

SITE NAME [none]

SUB SITE [none]

DATE OBS [DD-MON-YY]

CO2 FLUX [micromoles] [meter^-2] [second^-l]

DEL 14C [per mil]

SITE COMMENTS [none]

CRTFCN CODE [none]

REVISION DATE [DD-MON-YY]

7.3.4 Data Source

The sources of the parameter values contained in the data files on the CD-ROM are:

Column Name Data Source

SITE NAME

SUB SITE

DATE OBS

CO2 FLUX

DEL 14C

SITE COMMENTS

CRTFCN CODE

REVISION DATE

Not applicable

Not applicable

Investigator

LI-COR

Accelerator mass spectrometry

Investigator

Not applicable

Not applicable

7.3.5 Data Range

The following table gives information about the parameter values found in the data files on the

CD-ROM.

Minimum Maximum Missng Unrel Below Data

Data Data Data Data Detect Not

Column Name Value Value Value Value Limit Cllctd

SITE NAME NSA-9BS-TI2GR NSA-YJP-FLXTR None None None None

SUB SITE TGBI2-FLX01 TGBI2-FLXCB None None None None

DATE OBS 14-NOV-93 I0-OCT-96 None None None None

CO2 FLUX 0 1.41666667 None None None Blank

DEL 14C -71.16 188.81 -999 None None Blank

SITE COMMENTS N/A N/A None None None None

CRTFCN CODE CPI CPI None None None None

REVISION DATE 26-AUG-96 03-SEP-97 None None None None

Minimum Data Value -- The minimum value found in the column.

Maximum Data Value -- The maximum value found in the column.

Missng Data Value -- The value that indicates missing data. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the attempt was unsuccessful.

Page 8
Unrel Data Value -- The value that indicates unreliable data. This is used

to indicate an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the value was deemed to be

unreliable by the analysis personnel.

Below Detect Limit -- The value that indicates parameter values below the

instruments detection limits. This is used to

indicate that an attempt was made to determine the

parameter value, but the analysis personnel determined

that the parameter value was below the detection

limit of the instrumentation.

Data Not Cllctd -- This value indicates that no attempt was made to

determine the parameter value. This usually

indicates that BORIS combined several similar but

not identical data sets into the same data base table

but this particular science team did not

measure that parameter.

Blank -- Indicates that blank spaces are used to denote that type of value.

N/A -- Indicates that the value is not applicable to the respective column.

None -- Indicates that no values of that sort were found in the column.

7.4 Sample Data Record

The following are wrapped versions of data record from a sample data file on the CD-ROM.

SITE NAME,SUB SITE,DATE OBS,CO2 FLUX,DEL 14C,SITE COMMENTS,CRTFCN CODE,

REVISION DATE

'NSA-YJP-FLXTR', 'TGBI2-FLXOI',I4-NOV-93, .07407407,, 'open snow', 'CPI',26-AUG-96

'NSA-YJP-FLXTR', 'TGBI2-FLXOI',I4-NOV-93, .09953704,, 'open snow', 'CPI',26-AUG-96

'NSA-YJP-FLXTR', 'TGBI2-FLXOI',I4-NOV-93, .i0648148,, 'over twig - rabbit track',

'CPI',26-AUG-96

8. Data Organization

8.1 Data Granularity

The smallest unit of data tracked by the BOREAS Information System (BORIS) was the CO2 flux

measured for a given site on a given day.

8.2 Data Format(s)

The Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) files contain American Standard Code for

Information Interchange (ASCII) numerical and character fields of varying length separated by

commas. The character fields are enclosed with single apostrophe marks. There are no spaces between

the fields.

Each data file on the CD-ROM has four header lines of Hyper-Text Markup Language (HTML)

code at the top. When viewed with a Web browser, this code displays header information (data set

title, location, date, acknowledgments, etc.) and a series of HTML links to associated data files and

related data sets. Line 5 of each data file is a list of the column names, and line 6 and following lines

contain the actual data.

Page 9
9. Data Manipulations

9.1 Formulae

None given.

9.1.1 Derivation Techniques and Algorithms

None.

9.2 Data Processing Sequence

None given.

9.2.1 Processing Steps

None given.

9.2.2 Processing Changes

None given.

9.3 Calculations

None given.

9.3.1 Special Corrections/Adjustments

None given.

9.3.2 Calculated Variables

None.

9.4 Graphs and Plots

None.

10. Errors

10.1 Sources of Error

We have assumed -25 per rail 13C in correcting 14C data for fractionation (error of 2 per rail in this

term leads to a 4 per rail error in De114C -- as long as vegetation is predominantly C3 photosynthetic

pathway, this is not a large contributing error in 14C analyses).

10.2 Quality Assessment

10.2.1 Data Validation by Source

None given.

10.2.2 Confidence Level/Accuracy Judgment

None given.

10.2.3 Measurement Error for Parameters

None given.

10.2.4 Additional Quality Assessments

None given.

10.2.5 Data Verification by Data Center

Data were examined for general consistency and clarity.

Page 10
11.1 Limitations of the Data

None given.

11.2 Known Problems with the Data

None given.

11.3 Usage Guidance

None given.

11.4 Other Relevant Information

None.

11. Notes

12. Application of the Data Set

One application of radiocarbon to soil science lies in the relatively straightforward 14C dating of

charcoal and plant macrofossils to determine the accumulation rate of C in vertically aggrading soils

(like peats, or moss layers). Unlike the closed systems represented by intact macrofossils, such as

seeds or pollen, bulk soil organic matter is a heterogeneous reservoir with a variety of turnover times,

to which carbon is continuously added (as new plant matter) and lost (as leached organic carbon or

CO2). The radiocarbon content of soil organic matter cannot be interpreted as a 'date,' but represents

the average age of a carbon atom in this reservoir. As such, dating various layers in the soil can give

modelers information about the carbon accumulation and release rates over time and potentially relate

this to climate changes and effects.

13. Future Modifications and Plans

The data will be published as a USGS open file report in the future.

14.1 Software Description

None given.

14.2 Software Access

None given.

14. Software

15. Data Access

The TGB- 12 isotopic carbon dioxide data are available from the Earth Observing System Data and

Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive

Center (DAAC).

Page 11
15.1 Contact Information

For BOREAS data and documentation please contact:

ORNL DAAC User Services

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

P.O. Box 2008 MS-6407

Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6407

Phone: (423) 241-3952

Fax: (423) 574-4665

E-mail: ornldaac@ornl.gov or ornl@eos.nasa.gov

15.2 Data Center Identification

Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS) Oak Ridge National Laboratory

(ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) for Biogeochemical Dynamics

http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov.

15.3 Procedures for Obtaining Data

Users may obtain data directly through the ORNL DAAC online search and order system

[http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/] and the anonymous FTP site [ftp://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/data/] or by

contacting User Services by electronic mail, telephone, fax, letter, or personal visit using the contact

information in Section 15.1.

15.4 Data Center Status/Plans

The ORNL DAAC is the primary source for BOREAS field measurement, image, GIS, and

hardcopy data products. The BOREAS CD-ROM and data referenced or listed in inventories on the

CD-ROM are available from the ORNL DAAC.

16. Output Products and Availability

16.1 Tape Products

None.

16.2 Film Products

None.

16.3 Other Products

These data are available on the BOREAS CD-ROM series.

17. References

17.1 Platform/Sensor/Instrument/Data Processing Documentation

None given.

17.2 Journal Articles and Study Reports

Davidson, E.A. and S.E. Trumbore. 1995. Gas diffusivity and production of CO2 in deep soils of the

eastern Amazon. Tellus. 47B: 550-565.

Donahue, D.J., T.W. Linick, and A.J.T. Jull. 1990. Isotope-ratio and background corrections for

accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon measurements. Radiocarbon 32:135-142.

Page 12
Goulden,M.L., S.C.Wofsy, J.W. Harden,S.E.Trumbore,P.M. Crill, S.T. Gower,T. Fries,B.C.

Daube,S-M. Fan,D.J.Sutoon,A. Bazzaz,andJ.W.Munger. 1998.Sensitivityof borealforest

carbonbalanceto soil thaw.Science279:214-217.

Harden,J.W.,K.P. O'Neill, S.E.Trumbore,H. Veldhuis,andB.J. Stocks.1997.Mossandsoil

contributionsto theannualnetcarbonflux of amaturingborealforest.Journalof Geophysical

Research102(D24):28,805-28,816.

Newcomer,J.,D. Landis,S.Conrad,S.Curd,K. Huemmrich,D. Knapp,A. Morrell, J.Nickeson,

A. Papagno,D. Rinker,R.Strub,T. Twine,F. Hall, andP.Sellers,eds.2000.CollectedDataof The

BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy.NASA. CD-ROM.

Sellers,P.andF.Hall. 1994.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:ExperimentPlan.Version

1994-3.0,NASA BOREASReport(EXPLAN 94).

Sellers,P.andF.Hall. 1996.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:ExperimentPlan.Version

1996-2.0,NASA BOREASReport(EXPLAN 96).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, andK.F. Huemmrich.1996.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:1994

Operations.NASA BOREASReport(OPSDOC94).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, andK.F. Huemmrich.1997.BorealEcosystem-AtmosphereStudy:1996

Operations.NASA BOREASReport(OPSDOC96).

Sellers,P.,F. Hall, H. Margolis,B. Kelly, D. Baldocchi,G. denHartog,J.Cihlar, M.G. Ryan,B.

Goodison,P.Crill, K.J.Ranson,D. Lettenmaier,andD.E. Wickland. 1995.Theboreal

ecosystem-atmospherestudy(BOREAS):anoverviewandearlyresultsfrom the1994field year.

Bulletinof theAmericanMeteorologicalSociety.76(9):1549-1577.

Sellers,P.J.,F.G.Hall, R.D.Kelly, A. Black, D. Baldocchi,J. Berry, M. Ryan,K.J. Ranson,P.M.

Crill, D.P.Lettenmaier,H. Margolis,J.Cihlar, J.Newcomer,D. Fitzjarrald,P.G.Jarvis,S.T.

Gower,D. Halliwell, D. Williams, B. Goodison,D.E.Wickland, andF.E.Guertin.1997.BOREAS

in 1997:ExperimentOverview,ScientificResultsandFutureDirections.Journalof Geophysical

Research102(D24):28,731-28,770.

Southon,J.R.,J.S.Vogel,S.E.Trumbore,et al. 1992.Progressin AMS measurementsattheLLNL

spectrometer.Radiocarbon34:473-477.

Stephens,B.B. andE.T.Sundquist.1998.Measurementsof soil surfacegasfluxesusingclosed

chambertechniques,submittedfor publication.

Stuiver,M. andH.Polach.1977.Reportingof 14Cdata.Radiocarbon19:355-363.

Trumbore,S.E.1993.Comparisonof carbondynamicsin two soilsusingmeasurementsof

radiocarbonin pre-andpost-bombsoils.GlobalBiogeochemicalCycles7:275-290.

Trumbore,S.E.1995.Useof isotopesandtracersin thestudyof emissionandconsumptionof trace

gasesin terrestrialenvironments.Chapter9 in: Matson,PandHarriss,R, (eds.).BiogenicTrace

Gases:MeasuringEmissionsfrom Soil andWater,Blackwell,Oxford,p. 291-326.

Trumbore,S.E. 1998.Radiocarbongeochronology.In: J.M. Sowers,J.S.Noller andW.R.Lettis,

eds.,DatingandEarthquakes:Reviewof QuaternaryGeochronologyanditsApplicationto

Paleoseismology:NUREG-5562.U.S.NuclearRegulatoryCommission,Washington,DC, pp.2-69

- 2-101.

Page13
Trumbore,S.E.andJ.W.Harden.1997.Accumulationandturnoverof carbonin organicandmineral

soilsof theBOREASnorthernstudyarea.Journalof GeophysicalResearch102(D24):28,817-28,830.

Winston,G.C.,E.T. Sundquist,B.B. Stephens,andS.E.Trumbore.1997.Winter CO2fluxes in a

borealforest.Journalof GeophysicalResearch102(D24):28,795-28,804.

17.3 Archive/DBMS Usage Documentation

None.

None given.

18. Glossary of Terms

AMS

ASCII

BOREAS

BORIS

CD-ROM

DAAC

EOS

EOSDIS

GIS

GSFC

HTML

MSA

NAD83

NASA

NSA

OA

OBS

OJP

ORNL

PANP

SSA

TDR

TE

TGB

URL

USGS

YJP

19. List of Acronyms

- Accelerator Mass Spectrometer

- American Standard Code for Information Interchange

- BOReal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study

- BOREAS Information System

- Compact Disk-Read-Only Memory

- Distributed Active Archive Center

- Earth Observing System

- EOS Data and Information System

- Geographic Information System

- Goddard Space Flight Center

- Hyper-Text Markup Language

- Modeling Sub-Area

- North American Datum of 1983

- National Aeronautics and Space Administration

- Northern Study Area

- Old Aspen

- Old Black Spruce

- Old Jack Pine

- Oak Ridge National Laboratory

- Prince Albert National Park

- Southern Study Area

- Time Domain Reflectometry

- Terrestrial Ecology

- Trace Gas Biogeochemistry

- Uniform Resource Locator

- United States Geological Survey

- Young Jack Pine

Page 14
20. Document Information

20.1 Document Revision Date

Written: 19-Jan- 1998

Revision: 16-Jul- 1999

20.2 Document Review Date(s)

BORIS Review: 19-Jan-1998

Science Review:

20.3 Document ID

20.4 Citation

When using these data, please contact the individuals listed in Section 2.3 and cite any relevant

papers from Section 17.2.

If using data from the BOREAS CD-ROM series, also reference the data as:

Trumbore, S., "Input, Accumulation and Turnover of Carbon in Boreal Forest Soils." In Collected

Data of The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. Eds. J. Newcomer, D. Landis, S. Conrad, S.

Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J. Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T.

Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

Also, cite the BOREAS CD-ROM set as:

Newcomer, J., D. Landis, S. Conrad, S. Curd, K. Huemmrich, D. Knapp, A. Morrell, J.

Nickeson, A. Papagno, D. Rinker, R. Strub, T. Twine, F. Hall, and P. Sellers, eds. Collected Data of

The Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study. NASA. CD-ROM. NASA, 2000.

20.5 Document Curator

20.6 Document URL

Page 15
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE FormApproved

OMB No. 0704-0188

Public reporting burden for this collection of informationis estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources,

gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this

collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson

Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704-0188), Washington, DC 20503.

1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE 3. REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED

November 2000 Technical Memorandum

4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE

Technical Report Series on the Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (BOREAS)

BOREAS TGB-12 Isotropic Carbon Dioxide Data over the NSA

6. AUTHOR(S)

Susan Trumbore, Eric Sundquist, and Greg Winston

Forrest G. Hall and Sara K. Conrad, Editors

7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

Goddard Space Flight Center

Greenbelt, Maryland 20771

9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Washington, DC 20546-0001

5. FUNDING NUMBERS

923

RTOP: 923-462-33-01

8. PEFORMING ORGANIZATION

REPORT NUMBER

2000-03136-0

10. SPONSORING / MONITORING

AGENCY REPORT NUMBER

TM--2000-209891

Vol. 247

11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

S. Trumbore: University of California, Irvine; E. Sundquist and G. Winston: U.S.G.S., Woods Hole,

Massachusetts; S.K. Conrad: Raytheon ITSS

12a. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

Unclassifie_Unlimited

Subject Category: 43

Report available from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information,

7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320. (301) 621-0390.

12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE

13. ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)

The BOREAS TGB-12 team made measurements of soil carbon inventories, carbon concentration in

soil gases, and rates of soil respiration at several sites to estimate the rates of carbon accumulation and

turnover in each of the major vegetation types. This data set contains information on the carbon

isotopic content of carbon dioxide sampled from soils in the NSA-OBS, NSA-YJP, and NSA-OJP

sites. Data were collected from 14-Nov-1993 to 10-Oct-1996. The data are stored in tabular ASCII

files.

14. SUBJECT TERMS

BOREAS, trace gas biogeochemistry.

17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

OF REPORT

Unclassified

NSN 7540-01-280-5500

18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

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Unclassified

19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

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Unclassified

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15

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